static int get_cert_by_subject(X509_LOOKUP *xl, X509_LOOKUP_TYPE type,
                               X509_NAME *name, X509_OBJECT *ret)
{
    BY_DIR *ctx;
    union {
        X509 st_x509;
        X509_CRL crl;
    } data;
    int ok = 0;
    int i, j, k;
    unsigned long h;
    BUF_MEM *b = NULL;
    X509_OBJECT stmp, *tmp;
    const char *postfix = "";

    if (name == NULL)
        return 0;

    stmp.type = type;
    if (type == X509_LU_X509) {
        data.st_x509.cert_info.subject = name;
        stmp.data.x509 = &data.st_x509;
        postfix = "";
    } else if (type == X509_LU_CRL) {
        data.crl.crl.issuer = name;
        stmp.data.crl = &data.crl;
        postfix = "r";
    } else {
        X509err(X509_F_GET_CERT_BY_SUBJECT, X509_R_WRONG_LOOKUP_TYPE);
        goto finish;
    }

    if ((b = BUF_MEM_new()) == NULL) {
        X509err(X509_F_GET_CERT_BY_SUBJECT, ERR_R_BUF_LIB);
        goto finish;
    }

    ctx = (BY_DIR *)xl->method_data;

    h = X509_NAME_hash(name);
    for (i = 0; i < sk_BY_DIR_ENTRY_num(ctx->dirs); i++) {
        BY_DIR_ENTRY *ent;
        int idx;
        BY_DIR_HASH htmp, *hent;
        ent = sk_BY_DIR_ENTRY_value(ctx->dirs, i);
        j = strlen(ent->dir) + 1 + 8 + 6 + 1 + 1;
        if (!BUF_MEM_grow(b, j)) {
            X509err(X509_F_GET_CERT_BY_SUBJECT, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
            goto finish;
        }
        if (type == X509_LU_CRL && ent->hashes) {
            htmp.hash = h;
            CRYPTO_THREAD_read_lock(ctx->lock);
            idx = sk_BY_DIR_HASH_find(ent->hashes, &htmp);
            if (idx >= 0) {
                hent = sk_BY_DIR_HASH_value(ent->hashes, idx);
                k = hent->suffix;
            } else {
                hent = NULL;
                k = 0;
            }
            CRYPTO_THREAD_unlock(ctx->lock);
        } else {
            k = 0;
            hent = NULL;
        }
        for (;;) {
            char c = '/';
#ifdef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
            c = ent->dir[strlen(ent->dir) - 1];
            if (c != ':' && c != '>' && c != ']') {
                /*
                 * If no separator is present, we assume the directory
                 * specifier is a logical name, and add a colon.  We really
                 * should use better VMS routines for merging things like
                 * this, but this will do for now... -- Richard Levitte
                 */
                c = ':';
            } else {
                c = '\0';
            }
#endif
            if (c == '\0') {
                /*
                 * This is special.  When c == '\0', no directory separator
                 * should be added.
                 */
                BIO_snprintf(b->data, b->max,
                             "%s%08lx.%s%d", ent->dir, h, postfix, k);
            } else {
                BIO_snprintf(b->data, b->max,
                             "%s%c%08lx.%s%d", ent->dir, c, h, postfix, k);
            }
#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_POSIX_IO
# ifdef _WIN32
#  define stat _stat
# endif
            {
                struct stat st;
                if (stat(b->data, &st) < 0)
                    break;
            }
#endif
            /* found one. */
            if (type == X509_LU_X509) {
                if ((X509_load_cert_file(xl, b->data, ent->dir_type)) == 0)
                    break;
            } else if (type == X509_LU_CRL) {
                if ((X509_load_crl_file(xl, b->data, ent->dir_type)) == 0)
                    break;
            }
            /* else case will caught higher up */
            k++;
        }

        /*
         * we have added it to the cache so now pull it out again
         */
        CRYPTO_THREAD_write_lock(ctx->lock);
        j = sk_X509_OBJECT_find(xl->store_ctx->objs, &stmp);
        if (j != -1)
            tmp = sk_X509_OBJECT_value(xl->store_ctx->objs, j);
        else
            tmp = NULL;
        CRYPTO_THREAD_unlock(ctx->lock);

        /* If a CRL, update the last file suffix added for this */

        if (type == X509_LU_CRL) {
            CRYPTO_THREAD_write_lock(ctx->lock);
            /*
             * Look for entry again in case another thread added an entry
             * first.
             */
            if (!hent) {
                htmp.hash = h;
                idx = sk_BY_DIR_HASH_find(ent->hashes, &htmp);
                if (idx >= 0)
                    hent = sk_BY_DIR_HASH_value(ent->hashes, idx);
            }
            if (!hent) {
                hent = OPENSSL_malloc(sizeof(*hent));
                if (hent == NULL) {
                    CRYPTO_THREAD_unlock(ctx->lock);
                    X509err(X509_F_GET_CERT_BY_SUBJECT, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
                    ok = 0;
                    goto finish;
                }
                hent->hash = h;
                hent->suffix = k;
                if (!sk_BY_DIR_HASH_push(ent->hashes, hent)) {
                    CRYPTO_THREAD_unlock(ctx->lock);
                    OPENSSL_free(hent);
                    ok = 0;
                    goto finish;
                }
            } else if (hent->suffix < k) {
                hent->suffix = k;
            }

            CRYPTO_THREAD_unlock(ctx->lock);

        }

        if (tmp != NULL) {
            ok = 1;
            ret->type = tmp->type;
            memcpy(&ret->data, &tmp->data, sizeof(ret->data));

            /*
             * Clear any errors that might have been raised processing empty
             * or malformed files.
             */
            ERR_clear_error();

            /*
             * If we were going to up the reference count, we would need to
             * do it on a perl 'type' basis
             */
        /*- CRYPTO_add(&tmp->data.x509->references,1,
                    CRYPTO_LOCK_X509);*/
            goto finish;
        }
    }
 finish:
    BUF_MEM_free(b);
    return ok;
}