Sten Grillner

Sten Grillner (born 14 June 1941, Stockholm) is a Swedish neurophysiologist and distinguished professor at the Karolinska Institute's Nobel Institute for Neurophysiology in Stockholm where he is the director of the institute. He is considered one of the world’s foremost experts in the cellular bases of motor behaviour. His research is focused on understanding the cellular bases of motor behaviour; in particular, he has shown how neuronal circuits in the spine help control rhythmic movements, such as those needed for locomotion. He is current secretary general of International Brain Research Organization IBRO and President of the Federation of European Neuroscience Societies (FENS). For his work, in 2008 he was awarded the $1 million Kavli Prize for deciphering the basic mechanisms which govern the development and functioning of the networks of cells in the brain and spinal cord. This prize distinguish the recipient from the Nobel prizes in basic medical sciences.
Notable Neuroscientists like Eric Kandel, 2000 Nobel Laureate in Physiology or medicine named Grillner’s work on the workings of complex neurocircuitry extremely important and this progress in understanding motor systems, the cognitive role in motor systems, is a brilliant advance and has revolutionized our understanding of how the nervous system is wired.
Prof. Grillner studied at the medical faculty in Gothenburg, Sweden, and received his Doctor of Medicine (MD); PhD in neurophysiology in 1969. He has been a Professor and Director of the Nobel Institute for Neurophysiology at the Karolinska Institute since 1987. He is a member of the Academia Europaeae, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, National Academy of Science (US), Institute of Medicine (US) and former member, deputy chair and chairperson between 1988-2008 of the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet which awards Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and has received a number of awards including the Bristol-Myers Squibb Award in 1993 and the Reeve–Irvine award in 2002. He was the co-recipient of the 2005 SfN Ralph Gerard Prize, highest recognition conferred by Society for Neuroscience and he was a co-recipient, with Thomas Jessell and Pasko Rakic, of the inaugural Kavli Prize for Neuroscience in 2008.
Research.
His research has focused on the extraordinary capability of the brain to control movement. Early on he demonstrated that networks within the mammalian spinal cord can produce the detailed motor pattern of locomotion involving the coordination of hundreds of different muscles. In a paper published in 1987, he and James Buchanan provided a putative network scheme of interacting interneurons in the lamprey spinal cord, a model vertebrate system. The level of detail gained in this work is unique in that it has allowed changes in behaviour to be related to changes occurring at the cellular and network level. His later work is directed towards understanding the forebrain mechanisms underlying selection of behavior, and has shown that the organization of the basal ganglia, dopamine system, habenulae and pallium is evolutionary conserved in considerable detail over more than 500 million years.
He is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.


Alexander Agricola

Alexander Agricola (; born Alexander Ackerman; 1445 or 1446 – 15 August 1506) was a Netherlandish composer of the Renaissance writing in the Franco-Flemish style. A prominent member of the "Grande chapelle", the Habsburg musical establishment, he was a renowned composer in the years around 1500, and his music was widely distributed throughout Europe. He composed music in all of the important sacred and secular styles of the time.
Life.
Very little is known of Agricola's early life. He was born in Ghent, as suggested by a recently discovered epitaph, written in 1538. Most of his life he spent in posts in Italy, France and the Low Countries, though there are gaps where his activities are not known, and he seems to have left many of his posts without permission. He was a singer for Duke Galeazzo Maria Sforza of Milan from 1471 to 1474, during the period when the Milanese chapel choir grew into one of the largest and most famous ensembles in Europe; Loyset Compère, Johannes Martini, Gaspar van Weerbeke, and several other composer-singers were also in Milan during those years.
In 1474 Duke Galeazzo Maria wrote a letter of recommendation for him to Lorenzo de' Medici, and Agricola accordingly went to Florence. In 1476 he is known to have been in Cambrai, in the Low Countries, where he probably was employed as a singer. For the long period from 1476 to 1491 nothing definite is known except that he spent part of the time in the French royal chapel, and he must have been building his reputation as a composer during this time, for he was much in demand in the 1490s, with France and Naples competing for his services. In 1500 he took a position with Philip the Handsome, who was Duke of Burgundy and King of Castile. He apparently accompanied the Duke on his travels through his empire; by this time he was one of the most esteemed composers in Europe. He was in Valladolid, Spain, in August 1506, where he died during an outbreak of the plague on 15 August of that year.
Musical style.
Related schools and composers.
Agricola is one of the few transitional figures between the Burgundian School and the style of the Josquin generation of Netherlanders who actually wrote music in both styles.
Agricola's style is related to that of Johannes Ockeghem, especially early in his career, and towards the end of his life he was writing using the pervasive imitation characteristic of Josquin des Prez. While few of his works can be dated precisely, he does use many of the non-imitative, complex, rhythmically diverse contrapuntal procedures more often associated with Ockeghem. Unlike Ockeghem, however, he was willing to employ repetition, sequence, and florid imitation in the manner of the other composers who were working around 1500 when the technique became widespread.
Genres.
Agricola wrote masses, motets, motet-chansons, secular songs in the prevailing "formes fixes" such as rondeaux and bergerettes, other chansons, and instrumental music. Much of his instrumental music was based on secular music by Gilles Binchois or Ockeghem. Many of these pieces had become quite popular in the late 15th century.
Compositional hallmarks.
Above all the variants in his general musical style over his working life, Agricola himself wrote in a highly distinctive style, taking the mysteriously sinuous lines of Ockeghem as his point of departure. His music is often very busy and highly detailed, with repeated sequence, repetition of terse rhythmic and motivic units, and a desire to usurp the underlying pulse, sometimes seeming to border on the perverse, either by prolonging cadential figures to cadence on the "wrong" beat, or by shifting the metrical beat of some parts against others. As an example, the closing Agnus Dei of his unusually extended "Missa 'In myne zin"' features the cantus firmus stated in equal notes of eleven quavers' duration each in first statement, followed by a statement of five quavers' duration each, or in the second Salve Regina setting, offsetting part of the statement of the cantus firmus by a quaver for its entire duration, in both cases with the other voices proceeding in a more strict quadruple meter above.
Other "games" played in the music include posing puzzles of mode and "musica ficta" for the performers (e.g. the Kyrie of the "Missa Le serviteur" plays with the expectations of the very well known plainchant cantus firmus by setting up some knotty issues of the implied possibility of modal inflection with consistent extra flats.) The music is characteristically athletic in all voice parts, with the lower parts in particular featuring much that requires very fine singers, and not representing the normal simply harmonic function of the tenor-bass combinations used by most of his contemporaries. Often a highly elaborate set of quick motifs will spring unexpected from a previous slow-moving texture (e.g. the eruption of detailed duos beginning at "Glorificamus te" and climaxing at "Adoramus te" in the "Gloria" of the "Missa in myne zin").
His music was very highly regarded in its day, the very distinctive style leading to one contemporary commentator referring to it as "crazy", and another as "sublime".
Other Agricolas.
There are other composers named Agricola who are sometimes confused with Alexander:


Incidental medical findings

Incidental findings are previously undiagnosed medical or psychiatric conditions that are discovered unintentionally and during evaluation for a medical or psychiatric condition. Such findings may occur in a variety of settings, including routine medical care, during biomedical research, during post-mortem autopsy, or during genetic testing.
Medical imaging.
An incidentaloma is a tumor found by coincidence which is often benign and does not cause any clinically significant symptoms; however a small percentage do turn out to be malignant. Incidentalomas are common, with up to 7% of all patients over 60 harboring a benign growth, often of the adrenal gland, which is detected when diagnostic imaging is used for the analysis of unrelated symptoms.
As 37% of patients receiving whole-body CT scan may have abnormal findings that need further evaluation and with the increase of "whole-body CT scanning" as part of health screening programs, the chance of finding incidentalomas is expected to increase.
Neuroimaging.
Incidental findings in neuroimaging are common, with the prevalence of neoplastic incidental brain findings increasing with age.
 Even in healthy subjects acting as controls in research incidental findings are not rare. As most neuroimaging studies are performed in adults, less is known about the prevalence incidental findings in children. A study in 2017 in nearly 4000 children between 8 and 12 reported that approximately 1 in 200 children showed asymptomatic incidental findings that required clinical follow-up.
Pituitary adenomas are tumors that occur in the pituitary gland, and account for about 15% of intracranial neoplasms. They often remain undiagnosed, and are often an incidental finding during autopsy. Microadenomas (<10mm) have an estimated prevalence of 16.7% (14.4% in autopsy studies and 22.5% in radiologic studies).
Genetic testing.
Unintentional genetic findings (aka "incidentalomes") are more commonly encountered with the advent of biomedical technologies capable of quickly and reliably performing genomic analysis, such as whole-genome sequencing. As with medical imaging, the capacity to measure biologic information in the form of genetic variation may exceed the scientific understanding of what the findings mean.
In 2013, the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomic Working Group on Incidental Findings published preliminary guidelines for clinical laboratories that perform clinical exome and genome sequencing. They outlined a list of "medically actionable" pathogenic gene mutations, mostly monogenetic or single-gene disorders, which were significantly associated with important medical diagnoses and which should be reported to the patient "regardless of the proband’s phenotype or age".


National Civilian Community Corps

National Civilian Community Corps (NCCC), or AmeriCorps NCCC is an AmeriCorps program that engages 18- to 24-year-olds in team-based national and community service in the United States. Under the CARES act, however, the maximum age of entry is 26. National Civilian Community Corps teams complete about four different six- to eight-week-long projects during their 10-month term of service. Each team is made up of eight to twelve Corps Members and one Team Leader. Corps Members and Team Leaders are representative of all colors, creeds, states, and economic status. Approximately 1,200 Corps Members and Team Leaders are chosen annually to serve at one of four regional campuses, located in Sacramento, California; Denver, Colorado; Vinton, Iowa; and Vicksburg, Mississippi. Each campus serves as a training center and hub for a multi-state region. Members are required to complete a minimum of 1,700 hours of service, including 80 independent service hours, though members complete an average of 1,850 service hours per term.
In August 2012, the Corporation for National and Community Service (CNCS) and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) partnered to develop FEMA Corps, a new cadre of NCCC members who follow the traditional NCCC model, but serve solely on disaster response and recovery related project through FEMA.
The mission of the NCCC program is "To strengthen communities and develop leaders through direct, team-based national and community service."
Benefits.
While serving in AmeriCorps NCCC, Corps Members receive:
After successfully completing a term of service, all AmeriCorps NCCC members are enrolled in the National Service Trust and are eligible to receive a Segal AmeriCorps Education Award. A Segal AmeriCorps Education Award can be used to pay education costs at qualified institutions of higher education, for educational training, or to repay qualified student loans. The award amount for full-time AmeriCorps programs, including NCCC, is currently $5,775 based on the maximum value of the Pell Grant. The award can be accessed in full or in part, and those qualified have seven years after their term of service has ended to claim the award. Individuals can only receive Education Awards for two terms of AmeriCorps service: Full-time, half-time, reduced half-time, quarter time, and minimum time terms of service each count as one term of service.
History.
Inception (1992).
The NCCC program was loosely based on the depression-era Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), although in practice, the differences between NCCC and CCC projects can be quite marked in both practical intent and outcome. In some respects, NCCC teams resemble their CCC predecessors, who were also required to function under rugged conditions for prolonged periods and engage in strenuous conservation and wildfire-fighting projects, flood control, and disaster relief. Unlike the original CCC, the NCCC was not created to be a public work relief program, but rather was designed to help communities meet self-identified needs through service projects and develop leadership skills in its participants.
In 1992, "a bipartisan group of Senators worked hand-in-hand with the first Bush Administration to resurrect the CCC in a new form for a new era, creating what is now as AmeriCorps NCCC"
Official founding (1993–2005).
With bipartisan sponsorship, the program was enacted into law in 1993 (referred to as the "Civilian Community Corps") and signed by President Bill Clinton as a demonstration program charged with determining:
While some of the primary motivations cited in the 1993 inception of AmeriCorps NCCC changed and evolved over time, the basic focus of the program has remained the same: environment, education, public safety, and other unmet needs, disaster relief, and the addition of a "disaster services (preparedness and response)" heading in 2006/7.
2005 – present.
Much of the Fiscal Year 2006 and 2007 funding issued to NCCC was directly specified as being intended for hurricane relief in the Katrina impacted upper-gulf region. In 2007, in response to budget pressures, the Corporation for National and Community Service announced the closure of the Charleston, SC and Washington, DC campuses. Sixty percent of the remaining NCCC will be deployed to the Gulf Coast to aid with Hurricane Katrina relief until at least 2010.
In 2008 the National Civilian Community Corps opened a new campus in Vinton, Iowa. This was followed in July 2009 by the opening of a new campus in Vicksburg, Mississippi.
In 2014, the Mid Atlantic Headquarters moved from the Perry Point VA Medical Center Campus to the Sacred Heart of Mary School in Baltimore County, MD.
FEMA Corps.
In 2012, the Federal Emergency Management Agency and The Corporation for National and Community Service created FEMA Corps. FEMA Corps, a track of the AmeriCorps National Civilian Community Corps (NCCC) program, is a national service program dedicated to disaster response and recovery.
FEMA Corps is described as a "dedicated, trained, and reliable disaster workforce". Members serve full-time for ten months on federal disaster response and recovery efforts. The first 231 members of the FEMA Corps class were inducted on September 30, 2012. Members serve on teams of 8 to 12 people, and follow the traditional NCCC model of serving, living, and traveling together. Members receive a small living stipend of about of $3,000 ($150.00 every two weeks) over their ten months of service, and housing, food, and transportation costs are covered. Members also receive an education award of at least $5,730 after successfully completing 10 months of service.
Programs and projects.
Overview.
Before starting project work, members go through team building exercises, physical training and special training for the individual jobs they will hold on the team. During this time, members also receive extensive training in first aid/CPR and disaster relief through the Red Cross. They are also trained on how to use different tools and other equipment they might need throughout their projects.
Projects fall into one or more of five areas: disaster response, infrastructure improvement, environmental stewardship and conservation, energy conservation, and urban and rural development. Teams frequently work with non-profit organizations such as Habitat For Humanity and the American Red Cross, tutor students in public schools, and build trails for various national and state parks.
Disaster relief.
The National Civilian Community Corps may be called on to respond to any Federal or State disaster including fires, floods, earthquakes, oil spills, mudslides, hurricanes, tornadoes, or terrorist attacks. Americorps NCCC members are routinely attached to the American Red Cross for other disaster relief efforts and trained in Red Cross specific disaster services.
Environment.
NCCC performs environmental work in a number of areas, usually in collaboration with state and national parks.
Education.
NCCC teams have worked in partnership with school systems across the country. A summary of national service work by AmeriCorps NCCC, released in early 2006, states that NCCC had by then tutored 319,000 students.
In conjunction with the American Council on Education (ACE), NCCC Corps Members who complete course requirements during their year of service can earn undergraduate credits hours for "Introduction to Service Learning" and "Core Supervisory Skills" (See ACE's "National Guide Online").
Upon successful completion of service, NCCC Corps Members earn a (taxable) education award of $5,350 for college tuition—awards that are matched by many colleges and universities.
Fire fighting.
All National Civilian Community Corps members are trained in CPR, first aid, and disaster services, and about 15 percent become red-card certified fire fighters.
NCCC teams have successfully served in fighting major wildland fires and in completing fire mitigation work, according to National Park Service and U.S. Forest Service officials.
The NCCC Southern Campus in Vicksburg, MS, has also recently teamed up with the US Forest Service to create three teams dedicated to wildland firefighting and serving with the Forest Service.
Summer of Service.
The NCCC Summer of Service is an intensive summer program designed to introduce youth ages 14 to 17 to national service and to foster such values as teamwork, responsibility, and the ethic of serving your community. Like the year-round AmeriCorps NCCC experience, NCCC Summer of Service combines the best practices of structured team-based activities with service-learning programming. In 2008, Summer of Service participants engaged in service projects in Los Angeles; Memphis; New Orleans; Sacramento, Denver; Camden, N.J.; Baltimore; Washington, D.C.; and Houston.
Impact and reactions.
"Since 1994, more than 12,000 members have invested more than 20 million service hours on 6,500 service projects with thousands of nonprofit organizations and other public agencies to provide disaster services, tutor children, preserve the environment, build homes for low-income families and meet other challenges.
In FY 2008, 60 percent of members served in the Gulf Coast Region on multiple team deployments assisting local communities to recover from the effects of Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, Gustav, Ike, Dolly, and Wilma.
Hurricane Katrina response.
AmeriCorps NCCC, a team-based residential program for 18–24 year-olds, has made Hurricane Katrina response its primary focus these past three years, deploying more than 4,000 members to intensive assignments in the Gulf. National Civilian Community Corps members have refurbished 9,500 homes, built 1,450 new homes, completed 52,000 damage assessments, and trained and supervised more than 227,000 volunteers."
Criticisms.
AmeriCorps (which includes the NCCC program) is a US federally funded "network of more than 3,000 non-profit organizations, public agencies, and faith-based organizations." AmeriCorps has met with sharp criticisms from fiscal conservatives who accused it of being a "boondoggle", most notably by libertarian James Bovard in a Fox News article that covered proposals to cut funding for the program.


Proliferating follicular cystic neoplasm


Adenoid seborrheic keratosis


Stephanie Welsh

Stephanie Welsh (born 27 June 1973) is an American photographer turned midwife. While in journalism, Welsh worked for the Daily Nation in Nairobi and The Palm Beach Post in the 1990s. During her photography career, Welsh became the youngest person to win a Pulitzer Prize when she won the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography for her photographs on a Kenyan circumcision. After leaving photography for nursing, Welsh worked as a midwife and academic. In the 2010s, Welsh was the secretary of the American College of Nurse Midwives from 2014 to 2015 before her promotion to vice president.
Early life and education.
Welsh was born on 27 June 1973 in Quantico, Virginia. She completed a Bachelor of Science at Syracuse University in 1995 and a Master of Science at Yale University in 2002.
Career.
Welsh began her career as a newspaper intern in Syracuse before moving to Nairobi to work at the Daily Nation in 1994. She returned to the United States in 1996 to become a photographer for The Palm Beach Post and remained with the newspaper until 1999. After retiring from photography, Welsh became a midwife at an ob/gyn in Mansfield, Connecticut. During her nursing career, Welsh taught at multiple universities include the University of Connecticut and Georgetown University. Outside of teaching, she was a secretary for the Connecticut branch of the American College of Nurse Midwives from 2014 to 2015 before being promoted to vice president.
Awards and honors.
Welsh won the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography for her photographs of a female genital mutilation in Kenya. Age 22 at the time of her award, she is the youngest person to win a Pulitzer. Her Kenyan circumcision photos won second place during the 1996 World Press Photo contest in the People in the News category. Welsh's photographs were added to the compilations of photos held at the Newseum and St. Lawrence University.


Volume viscosity

Volume viscosity (also called bulk viscosity, second coefficient of viscosity, or dilatational viscosity) is a material property relevant for characterizing fluid flow. Common symbols are formula_1 or formula_2. It has dimensions (mass / (length × time)), and the corresponding SI unit is the pascal-second (Pa·s).
Like other material properties (e.g. density, shear viscosity, and thermal conductivity) the value of volume viscosity is specific to each fluid and depends additionally on the fluid state, particularly its temperature and pressure. Physically, volume viscosity represents the irreversible resistance, over and above the reversible resistance caused by isentropic bulk modulus, to a compression or expansion of a fluid. At the molecular level, it stems from the finite time required for energy injected in the system to be distributed among the rotational and vibrational degrees of freedom of molecular motion.
Knowledge of the volume viscosity is important for understanding a variety of fluid phenomena, including sound attenuation in polyatomic gases (e.g. Stokes's law), propagation of shock waves, and dynamics of liquids containing gas bubbles. In many fluid dynamics problems, however, its effect can be neglected. For instance, it is 0 in a monatomic gas at low density, whereas in an incompressible flow the volume viscosity is superfluous since it does not appear in the equation of motion.
Volume viscosity was introduced in 1879 by Sir Horace Lamb in his famous work "Hydrodynamics". Although relatively obscure in the scientific literature at large, volume viscosity is discussed in depth in many important works on fluid mechanics, fluid acoustics, theory of liquids, and rheology.
Derivation and use.
At thermodynamic equilibrium, the negative-one-third of the trace of the Cauchy stress tensor is often identified with the thermodynamic pressure,
which depends only on equilibrium state variables like temperature and density (equation of state). In general, the trace of the stress tensor is the sum of thermodynamic pressure contribution and another contribution which is proportional to the divergence of the velocity field. This coefficient of proportionality is called volume viscosity. Common symbols for volume viscosity are formula_4 and formula_5.
Volume viscosity appears in the classic Navier-Stokes equation if it is written for compressible fluid, as described in most books on general hydrodynamics and acoustics.
where formula_7 is the shear viscosity coefficient and formula_4 is the volume viscosity coefficient. The parameters formula_7 and formula_4 was originally called the first and second viscosity coefficients, respectively. The operator formula_11 is the material derivative. By introducing the tensors (matrices) formula_12, formula_13 and formula_14, which describes crude shear flow, pure shear flow and compression flow, respectively,
the classic Navier-Stokes equation gets a lucid form.
Note that the term in the momentum equation that contains the volume viscosity disappears for an "incompressible fluid" because the divergence of the flow equals 0.
There are cases where formula_19, which are explained below. In general, moreover, formula_4 is not just a property of the fluid in the classic thermodynamic sense, but also depends on the process, for example the compression/expansion rate. The same goes for shear viscosity. For a Newtonian fluid the shear viscosity is a pure fluid property, but for a non-Newtonian fluid it is not a pure fluid property due to its dependence on the velocity gradient. Neither shear nor volume viscosity are equilibrium parameters or properties, but transport properties. The velocity gradient and/or compression rate are therefore independent variables together with pressure, temperature, and other state variables.
Landau's explanation.
According to Landau,
He later adds:
After an example, he concludes (with formula_4 used to represent volume viscosity):
Measurement.
A brief review of the techniques available for measuring the volume viscosity of liquids can be found in Dukhin & Goetz and Sharma (2019). One such method is by using an acoustic rheometer.
Below are values of the volume viscosity for several Newtonian liquids at 25 °C (reported in cP):
 methanol - 0.8
 ethanol - 1.4
 propanol - 2.7
 pentanol - 2.8
 acetone - 1.4
 toluene - 7.6
 cyclohexanone - 7.0
 hexane - 2.4
Recent studies have determined the volume viscosity for a variety of gases, including carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. These were found to have volume viscosities which were hundreds to thousands of times larger than their shear viscosities. Fluids having large volume viscosities include those used as working fluids in power systems having non-fossil fuel heat sources, wind tunnel testing, and pharmaceutical processing.
Modeling.
There are many publication dedicated to numerical modeling of the volume viscosity. A detailed review of these studies can be found in Sharma (2019), and Cramer. In the latter study, a number of common fluids were found to have bulk viscosities which were hundreds to thousands of times larger than their shear viscosities.


Wanted Dead or Alive (Tupac Shakur and Snoop Doggy Dogg song)

"Wanted Dead or Alive" is a collaboration song by 2Pac and Snoop Doggy Dogg released as the lead single from the soundtrack "Gridlock'd".
Music video.
The video showed the police trying to catch Snoop Dogg and clips of the deceased rapper Tupac Shakur. The storyline is similar to "2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted". The video is directed by Scott Kalvert and the track samples Dance Floor by Zapp & Roger.


Thomas Lodge

Thomas Lodge (c. 1558September 1625), the son of a Lord Mayor of London, was an English writer and author during the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods.
Biography.
Thomas Lodge, born about 1558 in West Ham, was the second son of Sir Thomas Lodge, Lord Mayor of London, and his third wife Anne (1528–1579), daughter of Henry Luddington (died 1531) a grocer in London. He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School and Trinity College, Oxford; taking his BA in 1577 and MA in 1581. In 1578 he entered Lincoln's Inn, where, as in the other Inns of Court, a love of letters and a crop of debts were common.
Lodge, disregarding the wishes of his family, took up literature. When the penitent Stephen Gosson had (in 1579) published his "Schoole of Abuse", Lodge responded with "Defence of Poetry, Music and Stage Plays" (1579 or 1580), which shows a certain restraint, though both forceful and learned. The pamphlet was banned, but appears to have been circulated privately. It was answered by Gosson in his "Playes Confuted in Five Actions"; and Lodge retorted with his "Alarum Against Usurers" (1584)—a "tract for the times" which may have resulted from personal experience. In the same year he produced the first tale written by him on his own account in prose and verse, "The Delectable History of Forbonius and Prisceria", both published and reprinted with the "Alarum".
From 1587 onwards he seems to have made a series of attempts at play writing, though most of those attributed to him are mainly conjectural. He probably never became an actor, and John Payne Collier's conclusion to that effect rested on the two assumptions that the "Lodge" of Philip Henslowe's manuscript was a player and that his name was Thomas, neither of which is supported by the text.
Having been to sea with Captain Clarke in his expedition to Terceira and the Canaries, Lodge in 1591 made a voyage with Thomas Cavendish to Brazil and the Straits of Magellan, returning home by 1593. During the Canaries expedition (circa 1586), to beguile the tedium of his voyage, he composed his prose tale of "Rosalynde, Euphues Golden Legacie", which, printed in 1590, afterwards furnished the story of Shakespeare's "As You Like It". The novel, which in its turn owes some, though no very considerable, debt to the medieval "Tale of Gamelyn" (unwarrantably appended to the fragmentary Cookes Tale in certain manuscripts of Geoffrey Chaucer's works), is written in the euphuistic manner, but decidedly attractive both by its plot and by the situations arising from it. It has been frequently reprinted. Before starting on his second expedition he had published a historical romance, "The History of Robert, Second Duke of Normandy, surnamed Robert the Devil"; and he left behind him for publication "Catharos Diogenes in his Singularity", a discourse on the immorality of Athens (London). Both appeared in 1591. Another romance in the manner of Lyly, "Euphues Shadow, the Battaile of the Sences" (1592), appeared while Lodge was still on his travels.
In the latter part of his life—possibly about 1596, when he published his "Wits Miserie and the World's Madnesse", which is dated from Low Leyton in Essex, and the religious tract "Prosopopeia" (if, as seems probable, it was his), in which he repents him of his "lewd lines" of other days—he became a Catholic and engaged in the practice of medicine, for which Wood says he qualified himself by a degree at Avignon in 1600. Two years afterwards he received the degree of M.D. from Oxford University.
Early in 1606 he seems to have left England, to escape the persecution then directed against the Catholics; and a letter from him dated 1610 thanks the English ambassador in Paris for enabling him to return in safety. He was abroad on urgent private affairs of one kind and another in 1616. From this time to his death nothing further concerning him remains to be noted.
Lodge while practising medicine in London lived first in Warwick Lane, afterwards in Lambert Hill, and finally in Old Fish Street in the parish of St. Mary Magdalen. He died in Old Fish Street in 1625, apparently in the Roman Catholic communion (see below).
Dramatic works.
Lodge's known dramatic work is small in quantity. In conjunction with Robert Greene he, probably in 1590, produced in a popular vein the odd but far from feeble play, "A Looking Glass for London and England" (published 1594). He had already written "The Wounds of Civil War" (produced perhaps as early as 1587, and published in 1594), a good second-rate piece in the half-chronicle fashion of its age.
Fleay saw grounds for assigning to Lodge "Mucedorus and Amadine", played by the Queen's Men about 1588, a share with Robert Greene in "George a Greene, the Pinner of Wakefield", and in Shakespeare's 2nd part of "Henry VI"; he also regards him as at least part-author of "The True Chronicle of King Leir and his three Daughters" (1594); and "The Troublesome Raigne of John, King of England" (c. 1588); in the case of two other plays he allowed the assignation to Lodge to be purely conjectural.
That Lodge is the "Young Juvenal" of Greene's "Groatsworth of Wit" is no longer a generally accepted hypothesis.
Poetry and Prose.
His second historical romance, the "Life and Death of William Longbeard" (1593), was more successful than the first. Lodge also brought back with him from the new world "A Margarite of America" (published 1596), a romance of the same description interspersed with many lyrics. Already in 1589 Lodge had given to the world a volume of poems bearing the title of the chief among them, "Scillaes Metamorphosis, Enterlaced with the Unfortunate Love of Glaucus", more briefly known as "Glaucus and Scilla". To this tale Shakespeare was possibly indebted for the idea of Venus and Adonis. In a lost work, the "Sailor's Kalendar", he must in one way or another have recounted his sea adventures.
If Lodge, as has been supposed, was the Alcon in "Colin Clout's Come Home Again", it may have been the influence of Edmund Spenser which led to the composition of "Phillis", a volume of sonnets, in which the voice of nature seems only now and then to become audible, published with the narrative poem, "The Complaynte of Elsired", in 1593. "A Fig for Momus", on the strength of which he has been called the earliest English satirist, and which contains eclogues addressed to Daniel and others, an epistle addressed to Michael Drayton, and other pieces, appeared in 1595.
Academic works.
After Lodge received his M.D. from Oxford University, his works from then on take on a more serious note, comprising translations of Josephus (1602), of Seneca (1614), a "Learned Summary of Du Bartas's Divine Sepmaine" (1625 and 1637). He also wrote medical literature including the "Treatise of the Plague" (1603), "The poore Mans Talentt" (c. 1623)"," and a popular manual, which remained unpublished, on "Domestic Medicine".
Family.
Lodge seems to have married his first wife Joan in or before 1583, when, "impressed with the uncertainty of human life", he made a will. That his family viewed his conduct at the time with disfavour may be inferred from the absence of his name from his father's will in 1583. Lodge and Joan had a daughter Mary. He married secondly Jane, widow of Solomon Aldred, at one time a Roman Catholic agent of Francis Walsingham in Rome.
References.
Attribution


Zelal

Zelal is a 2010 documentary film on the life of patients in a psychiatric hospital in Egypt.
Synopsis.
"Zelal" is an invitation to delve into the world of psychiatry and "madness" in Egypt, in Abbasiya's mental hospital. It meets the ordinary madmen and women banished to mental institutions by Egyptian society and offers more than just a journey into their world of shadows. The hospitals end up becoming the only place patients can conceive, not because they are truly "crazy", but because they fear the outside world. The film forces viewers to put their own preconceptions and interpretations to the test, reminding us that freedom is precarious in a society that does not tolerate any differences.
Making.
The soundtrack of the documentary was made by the patients themselves. The documentary took 3 years to make, with 8 months of shooting. The producers managed to make this documentary with the help of the World Health Organization.


Mycopathologia

Mycopathologia is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers the role of fungi in human and animal disease, i.e., medical and veterinary mycology. The journal was established in 1938 and is currently published by Springer Link. The current editor-in-chief is Vishnu Chaturvedi (California Department of Public Health / University of California, Berkeley).
History.
The journal was initially established by Wilhelm Junk in The Hague as "Mycopathologia" () in 1938. Then in 1950, it continued publication under the name "Mycopathologia & Mycologia Applicata" (), before returning to "Mycopathologia" () in 1975. From 1959 to 1984, a supplement "Iconographia Mycologica" () was published alongside it.
Abstracting and indexing.
"Mycopathologia" is abstracted and indexed in the following databases:


Multiple familial trichoepithelioma

Multiple familial trichoepithelioma is a cutaneous condition characterized by multiple cystic and solid nodules appearing on the face.
Classification.
The classification of this syndrome is difficult. Three conditions are known to be caused by mutations in the" CYLD" gene: Brooke–Spiegler syndrome, multiple familial trichoepithelioma, and familial cylindromatosis. Clinically, these are distinct, but appear to arise from mutations in the same gene.
Types include:
Brooke–Spiegler syndrome.
Brooke–Spiegler syndrome (named after dermatologists Henry Ambrose Grundy Brooke and Eduard Spiegler]) is a condition in which multiple skin tumors develop from skin structures. Tumors commonly occurring in this syndrome include spiradenomas, trichoepitheliomas, and cylindromas. The tumors are generally benign, but may become malignant. Affected individuals are also at increased risk of developing tumors in tissues other than skin – particularly benign or malignant tumors of the salivary glands.
Tumors in Brooke–Spiegler typically appear in early adulthood and are most often found on the head and neck. In severe cases, the tumors may affect vision or hearing. They can be disfiguring and may contribute to depression or other psychological problems. For unclear reasons, females are often more severely affected than males. Brooke–Spiegler is rare and its exact incidence is unknown. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion.


Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service

The Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service (MPTS) adjudicates on complaints made against any of the doctors in the United Kingdom, making independent decisions about a doctor’s fitness to practise.
Background.
One of the recommendations in the fifth report of The Shipman Inquiry, which was published in December 2004, was for the adjudication stage of fitness to practise procedures to be undertaken by a body that is independent of the General Medical Council (GMC). In 2007 the UK Government released a white paper on The Regulation of Health Professionals. In late 2010 the Department of Health consulted on plans to create a body that was separate from the health regulators, to adjudicate on fitness to practise matters.
On 2 December 2010, the government announced that they had decided not to proceed with an Office of the Health Professions Adjudicator (OHPA).
In July 2011, the GMC approved proposals to separate its presentation of fitness to practise cases from their adjudication. The adjudication would become the responsibility of a new body, the Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service.
History.
In June 2012 the MPTS assumed responsibility for medical tribunals, with their panels given the power to remove or suspend a doctor’s ability to work within the UK. It was expected that the service would handle some 340 doctors’ fitness-to-practise hearings a year. The MTPS was located in a dedicated hearing centre in Manchester which has 16 hearing rooms.
There were changes in the records kept, with the use of digital recordings, instead of shorthand writers. Specialist advisers were used less often, only in exceptional circumstances.
In March 2015, changes to the Medical Act mean that the GMC gained the ability to appeal against decisions made by the MPTS.
In 2014 legislation was introduced the GMC gained powers around demanding proof of competence in English from doctors coming from within the EU. In October of the following year, the first doctors from the EU were disciplined following inadequate performances in tests that the MTPS itself had requested.
Chair.
David Pearl became the first Chair of the Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service on 11 June 2012, after being appointed through an independent process in February of that year. Caroline Swift succeeded him as Chair in August 2016.


Claudia Clopath

Claudia Clopath is a Professor of Computational Neuroscience at Imperial College London and research leader at the Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour. She develops mathematical models to predict synaptic plasticity for both medical applications and the design of human-like machines.
Early life and education.
Clopath studied physics at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. She remained there for her graduate studies, where she worked alongside Wulfram Gerstner. Together they worked on models of spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STPD) that included both the presynaptic and postsynaptic membrane potentials. After earning her PhD she worked as a postdoctoral fellow with Nicolas Brunel at Paris Descartes University. She subsequently joined Columbia University where she worked in the Center for Theoretical Neuroscience.
Research and career.
Clopath uses mathematical models to predict synaptic plasticity and to study the implications of synaptic plasticity in artificial neural networks. These models can explain the origins of vibrations in neural networks, and could determine the activities of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. She used this model to explain that inhibitory neurons are important in the determination of the oscillatory frequency of a network. She hopes that the models she generates of the brain will be able to be used in medical applications as well as designing machines that can achieve human-like learning.
She has studied the connections of nerve cells in the visual cortex. The model developed by Clopath, Sandra Sadeh and Stefan Rotter at the Bernstein Center Freiburg was the first to combine biological neural networks in a computational neural network. It allows users to make visual system nerve cells able to detect different features, as well as coordinating the synapses between cells. It can be used to understand how nerve cells develop as they receive information from each eye.
Clopath has worked with DeepMind to create artificial intelligence systems that can be applied to multiple tasks, making them able to remember information or master a series of steps. Together Clopath and DeepMind used synaptic consolidation, a mechanism that allows neural networks to remember. The algorithm, Elastic Weight Consolidation, can compute how important different connections in a neural network are, and apply a weighting factor that dictates its importance. This determines the rate at which values of a node within the neural network are altered. They demonstrated that software that used Elastic Weight Consolidation could learn and achieve human-level performance in ten games. Developing machine learning systems for continual learning tasks has become the focus of Clopath's research, using computational models in recurrent neural networks to establish how inhibition gates synaptic plasticity.
In 2015 she was awarded a Google Faculty Research Award.


Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health

The Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering pediatrics. It was established in 1965 as the Australian Paediatric Journal, obtaining its current name in 1990. It is published by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians' Paediatrics and Child Health Division, of which it is the official journal. The editor-in-chief is David Isaacs (University of Sydney). According to the "Journal Citation Reports", the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 1.572, ranking it 64th out of 121 journals in the category "Pediatrics".


Arman Manookian

Arman Tateos Manookian (; May 15, 1904 – May 10, 1931) was an Armenian-American painter best known for his works depicting Hawaiian scenes.
Early life.
Manookian was the oldest of three children born to a Christian Armenian family in Istanbul. As a teenager, he survived the Armenian Genocide. Manookian immigrated to the United States in 1920. At the age of 16 he studied illustration at the Rhode Island School of Design. Later he took classes at the Art Students League of New York before enlisting in the United States Marine Corps in 1923. While serving in the U. S. Marine Corps he was assigned as a clerk to the author and historian, Major Edwin North McClellan.
Career.
In 1927, Manookian was honorably discharged from the Marine Corps, but remained in Hawaii. He worked for the Honolulu Star-Bulletin and for "Paradise of the Pacific". While in the Marines, Manookian had supplied illustrations for Leatherneck Magazine and produced about 75 ink drawings for McClellan’s history of the United States Marine Corps, which was never published. These drawings are now in the collection of the Honolulu Museum of Art. His oil paintings are rare and highly valued based on their almost iconic status and scarcity due to his early death, by suicide, in 1931. Only 31 of his oil paintings are known to exist. The Honolulu Academy of Arts held a memorial exhibition shortly after Manookian’s death and a retrospective exhibition titled "Meaning in Color/Expression in Line: Arman Manookian’s Modernism" Nov. 4, 2010 through April 24, 2011. The Bishop Museum and the Honolulu Museum of Art are among the public collections holding works by Arman T. Manookian. According to the State of Hawaii's House of Representatives, he is "known as Hawaii's Van Gogh".
In early 2010 a group of seven Manookian paintings owned by the Hotel Hana-Maui were removed from public display. They were the only Manookian oil paintings known to be on public display anywhere in the world. Two of the murals, "Red Sails" and "Hawaiian Boy and Girl", are now on long-term loan to the Honolulu Museum of Art.
From July 3, 2014, to January 11, 2015, a number of Manookian paintings were on display at the Honolulu Museum of Art including "Red Sails," "Hawaiian Boy and Girl," "Breadfruit," "Pele," and "Weaver."


The Woo

"The Woo" is a song by American rapper Pop Smoke, featuring fellow American rappers 50 Cent and Roddy Ricch, from the former of the three's posthumous debut studio album, "Shoot for the Stars, Aim for the Moon" (2020).
The song was released as the third single from the album on July 10, 2020, by Victor Victor Worldwide and Republic Records. It was written by Pop Smoke, known as Bashar Jackson, alongside 50 Cent, Roddy Ricch, 808Melo, Rxcksta, and JW Lucas, who have the respective real names of Curtis Jackson, Rodrick Moore, Andre Loblack, Adam Hashim, and John Lucas. Jess Jackson was also credited as a writer. The song was produced by 808Melo while co-produced by Rxcksta and JW Lucas. 1801 Records, Billy J, DJ Drewski, Jer-Z, Jess Jackson, K. Mack, and Ray Lennon were credited as additional producers.
"The Woo" is a Latin-influenced trap song that features flickers of Spanish acoustic guitar. Pop Smoke interpolates 50 Cent's single, "Candy Shop". The song received positive reviews from music critics, who praised 50 Cent's and Roddy Ricch's features. "The Woo" was featured in 2020 year-end lists by "Vice" and "Complex". It was nominated for Song of Summer at the 2020 MTV Video Music Awards. The song reached number 11 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 and was certified a double-platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It reached the top-10 in the United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand, and Portugal.
An accompanying music video was released on July 20, 2020, on what would have been Pop Smoke's twenty-first birthday. The music visual was directed by Eif Rivera, who had directed several videos for 50 Cent in the past. It features old archival footage edited on vintage TV screens of Pop Smoke performing various tasks while showing 50 Cent and Roddy Ricch being surrounded by expensive cars and women wearing bikinis. The video received positive reviews, with one critic saying it was sentimental.
Background.
"The Woo" was created the month Pop Smoke had passed away. Pop Smoke asked 808Melo to play some of his beats, one of which Pop Smoke liked. The rapper said: "Oh, yeah, this is something different. This is what I want." Pop Smoke had not made a verse for the song but made a hook. He admitted to 808Melo he was struggling with writer's block. Steven Victor recalled he had never heard the song before. When he first started talking to 50 Cent about producing the album, Victor sent him a folder of all of Pop Smoke's songs. 50 Cent called Victor and was singing the hook of the song. Victor stated he did not even remember Pop Smoke doing it. Victor described it as a "most obscure joint". Victor commented that 50 Cent took over the song. 50 Cent explained that the song's chorus was written and that Victor had left it all the way open. There was no verse taken off of it, so the chorus played. 50 Cent said he then started the record. 50 Cent took to Instagram, reaching out to Roddy Ricch to help with the song, captioning a post of his: "Tell @roddyricch i'm looking for him, i need him on Pop album".
When 50 Cent invited Roddy Ricch to be on the album, he felt like he should have been a part of it general. 50 Cent recorded his verse while he was going through all Pop Smoke's records to find the right tone for the album. There were three records that he recorded, but he did not want to over-feature on the album, and just decided to be featured on "The Woo". Roddy Ricch had heard a couple of other songs from Pop Smoke but felt like "The Woo" was a good one because it was different from what Pop Smoke would usually record. He recorded his verse while he was in quarantine. He had a studio set up at the house and did it in one night. He called his engineer to cut it. The verse that Pop Smoke wrote for the song was in a different key. Producer Jess Jackson explained instead of not using the song at all, he talked to Mike Dean. Jackson was thinking of melodizing the vocals and tuning them, but could not do it because Pop Smoke would not have liked it. Dean said to Jackson: "Why don't you just do a chord change in the whole song?" Jackson sat down and did a key change for the song. 50 Cent and Roddy Ricch were in B minor, with the song switching up once Pop Smoke raps his verse in G minor. Jackson made the song together from two demos in different keys.
Writing and composition.
It was written by Pop Smoke, known as Bashar Jackson, alongside 50 Cent, Roddy Ricch, 808Melo, Rxcksta, and JW Lucas, who have the respective real names of Curtis Jackson, Rodrick Moore, Andre Loblack, Adam Hashim, and John Lucas. Jess Jackson was also credited as a writer. The song was produced by 808Melo while co-produced by Rxcksta and JW Lucas. 1801 Records, Billy J, DJ Drewski, Jer-Z, Jess Jackson, K. Mack, and Ray Lennon were credited as additional producers. Musically, "The Woo" is a Latin-influenced trap song. A.D. Amorosi of "Variety" said the track is "filled with flickers of Spanish acoustic guitar, and [Pop] Smoke making high and nice with his buds". Danny Schwartz of "Rolling Stone" commented that the track features "arpeggiated guitar lines". Gary Suarez of "Entertainment Weekly" stated Pop Smoke "emulates the Queens rapper's cadence and tone". David Arron Blake of "HipHopDX" commented that Pop Smoke, 50 Cent, and Roddy Ricch "trade bars atop 808Melo's groovy production". In his verse, Pop Smoke interpolates 50 Cent's 2005 hit single, "Candy Shop", rapping: "Let me take you to the Candy Shop, show you all I got/I put diamonds on your chain to match your diamond ring."
Reception.
"Vulture"s Craig Jenkins complimented Pop Smoke's versatility, stating that the song "would've silenced anyone who tried to accuse Pop of being a one-dimensional artist". Uproxx's Wongo Okon labeled it a "well-meshed collaboration of the past and the present". "NME"s Dhruva Balram opined that it features a "memorable verse from 50 Cent". Roisin O'Connor of "The Independent" wrote that "West Coast Shit" feels "paper-thin" when following "The Woo". Briana Younger of NPR said Pop "sounds scarily like 50 Cent" on the song. Arron Blake said the song has "the most radio replay value" from "Shoot for the Stars, Aim for the Moon". Jade Gomez from "Paste" stated the song has "50 Cent's satisfying feature accented with Roddy Rich's vocals". M.T. Richards, for "Consequence of Sound" said 50 Cent "demolishes" the song, saying he would "never tire of 50 [Cent], a cutely insolent schoolyard bully". August Brown of the "Los Angeles Times" wrote the song has "mournful singing".
Ashton Howard of "Earmilk" said the song is a "complete swing and a miss". David Crone of AllMusic stated Pop Smoke isn't "even given the dignity of a first verse, with featured artists muscling their way in ahead of the late rapper on tracks like 'The Woo' and 'Diana'". "Vice" ranked "The Woo" at number 45 on their list of 2020's best songs. Kristin Corry remarked that the song is "an alternate universe of what the Brooklyn rapper could have become—a bridge between the rap of yesterday and the sound of tomorrow". The song placed at number 26 on "Complex" "the Best Songs of 2020" list, with Eric Skelton calling it the catchiest song on the album, and stating it is "a bittersweet moment that hinted at the fact [Pop Smoke] was about to catapult to global superstardom". He concluded by saying "The Woo" is an "undeniable hit, and a lasting reminder of Pop [Smoke's] limitless abilities". It was nominated for Song of Summer at the 2020 MTV Video Music Awards.
Release and commercial performance.
"The Woo" was released on Pop Smoke's posthumous debut studio album "Shoot for the Stars, Aim for the Moon", as the tenth track on July 3, 2020. The song was later released as the album's third single on July 10, 2020. Following the release of "Shoot for the Stars, Aim for the Moon", "The Woo" debuted and peaked at number 11 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100. The song also peaked at number three on the US Rhythmic chart and number nine on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified the single a double platinum certification, which denotes two million units based on sales and track-equivalent on-demand streams. The song peaked at number 9 on the UK Singles Chart, giving Pop Smoke his first top-10 hit in the United Kingdom. The song was later certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), denoting track-equivalent sales and streams of 400,000 units in the UK. It further reached the top-10 in Canada, New Zealand, and Portugal. It reached the top-20 in Australia, Denmark, Ireland, and Switzerland.
Music video.
Background.
50 Cent teased clips of the song's music video on his Instagram account On July 17, 2020. His post was captioned "You know da Vibes, Monday is Pops birthday so Video Monday." The music video was later uploaded to Pop Smoke's YouTube channel on July 19, 2020, along with the release of the deluxe edition of "Shoot for the Stars, Aim for the Moon". The music video was then uploaded to 50 Cent's YouTube channel a day later. The visual was released that day to honor what would have Pop Smoke's twenty-first birthday. The music video was directed by Eif Rivera, who had directed a number of videos for 50 Cent in the past. Rivera took inspiration for creating the visual by the parking lot scene from the music video from Dr. Dre, Snoop Dogg, and Akon's hit single "Kush" (2010).
Synopsis and reception.
The video features old archival footage edited on vintage TV screens of Pop Smoke inside of a tour bus, making music in a studio, performing on stage, and dancing on top of a car. The visuals also feature 50 Cent and Roddy Ricch singing the song while being surrounded by expensive cars and women wearing bikinis. The video also shows women kissing and hugging each other.
The music video was met with positive reviews from critics. The staff of "Rap-Up" described the music video as a "steamy clip". Marisa Mendez of "HipHopDX" stated that the visual "provides an authentic feel despite the absence of its key player". Writing for "HotNewHipHop", Alex Zidel commented it was "nice to see some throwback footage of Pop having fun in the studio added into the video," but opined that the "moment is certainly sentimental for fans of the late Brooklyn rapper".
Credits and personnel.
Credits adapted from Tidal.


No More Sunsets

No More Sunsets is a 2006 American short documentary film starring former trucker Shawn Bridges and filmed by Chip Rosetti at the former's request.
The 29-minute black-and-white film presents a warning to children about the drug meth by way of an object lesson: the ravage of Bridges' long-time meth use and its effects on his family. At the time of filming Bridges was near-catatonic, bedridden with a catheter and a feeding tube, dying at the age of 34. His father was quoted as saying that he had the body of a 70- 80-old man.
Shawn Bridges used meth for most of his adult life, suffering his first heart attack at the age of 26. By the time he eventually quit, it became clear that the damage done was lethal. He had intended the film to be shown at his local church; instead, it sparked international attention and media coverage. Bridges died in late March 2007, aged 35. At the time, Rosetti stated that he had sold 500-600 copies and was planning on a sequel.


Robert Whytt

Dr Robert Whytt (1714–1766) was a Scottish physician. His work, on unconscious reflexes, tubercular meningitis, urinary bladder stones, and hysteria, is remembered now most for his book on diseases of the nervous system. He served as President of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.
Life.
The second son of Robert Whytt of Bennochy (near Kirkcaldy in Fife), advocate, and Jean, daughter of Antony Murray of Woodend, Perthshire, he was born in Edinburgh on 6 September 1714, six months after his father's death. Having graduated M.A. at the University of St Andrews in 1730, he went to Edinburgh to study medicine. Two years before this he had succeeded, on the death of his elder brother George, to the family estate.
Whytt devoted himself to the study of anatomy, under the first Monro. Going to London in 1734, Whytt became a pupil of William Cheselden, while he visited the wards of the London hospitals. After this he attended the lectures of Jacob B. Winslow in Paris, of Herman Boerhaave and Bernhard Siegfried Albinus at Leyden. He took the degree of M.D. at Reims on 2 April 1736. On 3 June 1737 a similar degree was conferred on him by the university of St Andrews, and on 21 June he became a licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. On 27 November 1738 he was elected to the fellowship, and began practice as a physician.
On 26 August 1747 Whytt was appointed professor of the theory of medicine in Edinburgh University. On 16 April 1752 Whytt was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of London, and contributed to the "Philosophical Transactions". In 1756 he gave lectures on chemistry in the university in place of John Rutherford (1695–1779). In 1761 Whytt was made first physician to King George III in Scotland—a post specially created for him—and on 1 December 1763 he was elected president of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh; he held the presidency till his death at Edinburgh on 15 April 1766.
His remains were given a public funeral, and were interred in a private vault (built two years earlier) in the now sealed section of Greyfriars Kirkyard known as the Covenanter's Prison.
Neurophysiology.
Robert Whytt is one of the most accomplished neurophysiologists of his time. In his research, he outlined the significance of the central nervous system on movement, drew distinctions between voluntary and involuntary actions and clarified the components of the light reflex within the eye.
Central nervous system.
Whytt's theories on the nervous system and its role on movement opposed many of the teachings that were in place in the 18th century. During that time, many physiologists still supported Descartes' theory of movement which hypothesized that muscle contraction was due to the activation of a fluid in the nervous system called animal spirits. Physiologists, such as Whytt's colleague, Albrecht von Haller, also believed that muscles were capable of action independent of the nerves. Whytt strongly advocated against Descartes' theory, and explicitly denied the concept of animal spirits. Furthermore, he rejected Haller's theory by claiming that movement must depend on interconnecting nerves that lead to the brain or spinal cord.
Whytt decided to prove his theory through experimentation. He replicated Stephen Hales' experiment that consisted of probing and examining the response of limbs in decapitated frogs. In Whytt's version of the experiment, he inserted a hot wire through the spine of the decapitated frog and observed that when the spine of the frog was destroyed, no form of pricking or cutting of the frog's limb elicited a response. If the frog's spine stayed intact as it did in Hales' experiment, the limbs continued to respond to the pricking and cutting. Additionally, Whytt tested to see if a response could still be created if certain sections of the spinal cord remained intact. The results show that as long as the spinal cord is partially undamaged, small responses in the limbs can still be produced.
The experiment led Whytt to conclude that the spinal cord was a crucial component in facilitating response action to stimuli. The proof that movement still occurs after decapitation disproves Descartes' animal spirits in muscles. Likewise, the relationship between the spinal cord and response action in the limbs disproves Haller's theory of movement. The response movement will later be described as "reflex action" by Marshall Hall.
Voluntary and involuntary motion.
Another theory that opposed Whytt's ideas during his time was the position of Stahl's animism. Animism downplayed the importance of the brain and nerves in movement and attributed it predominantly to the soul. Whytt acknowledges the presence and importance of the soul, but unlike Stahl's animism, he does not agree that motion is controlled exclusively in the soul. In 1745, Whytt published "An Equiry Into the Cause Which Promote the Circulation of Fluids in the Small Vessels of Animals" where he states that the soul, also referred to as the sentient principle, and the body hold equal influence over movement and therefore may govern both voluntary and involuntary action. Voluntary action is movement excited by one's will whereas involuntary action is dependent on the stimulus that is applied to the muscle or nerve of the muscle.
He explains that the soul lives concurrently with the body and gives it life. In the brain, the soul has a conscious which is gives us the ability to reason. In the muscles, the soul has the power of producing motion. In the nerves, the soul gives us the ability to feel. Whytt uses the sentient principle to explain the agent that is responsible for movement but he does not address, nor does he feel the need to address, how the soul can act on the physical body.
Pupillary light reflex.
Whytt explains that the pupillary light reflex is the contractions and re-sizing of the pupil in different intensities of light. If the eye was incapable of contraction, we would only be able to see in one degree of light and we would not be able to differentiate the distance of light reflecting from near and far objects. Whytt discovers the pupillary light reflex based on an autopsy of a child suffering from hydrocephalus whose pupils were noted to be unresponsive to changes in light. In the autopsy, Whytt discovered a cyst compressing the optic thalamus in child's eye. Whytt concluded that the obstruction prevented the eye from contracting properly therefore limiting the child's eyesight. The pupillary light reflex is later named the Whytt Reflex.
Works.
In 1743 Whytt published a paper in the "Edinburgh Medical Essays" entitled "On the Virtues of Lime-Water in the Cure of Stone". This paper attracted attention, and was published, with additions, separately in 1752, and ran through several editions. It also appeared in French and German. Whytt's treatment of the stone by limewater and soap became obsolete.
In 1751 he published a work "On the Vital and other Involuntary Motions of Animals". The book attracted the attention of the physiologists of Europe. Whytt dropped the doctrine of Stahl that the rational soul is the cause of involuntary motions in animals, and ascribed such movements to the effect of a stimulus acting on an unconscious sentient principle. He had a vigorous controversy with Albrecht von Haller on the subject of this work.
In 1764 he published his major work, "On Nervous, Hypochondriac, or Hysteric Diseases, to which are prefixed some Remarks on the Sympathy of the Nerves". It was translated into French by Achille Guillaume Le Bègue de Presle in 1767.
Whytt was also author of:
An edition of his "Works" was issued by his son in 1768, and was translated into German by Christian Ehrhardt Kapp in 1771 (Leipzig). A complete list of his papers is in Robert Watt's "Bibliotheca Britannica".
Family.
He was twice married. His first wife, Helen, sister of James Robertson, governor of New York, died in 1741, leaving no children. In 1743 he married Louisa, daughter of James Balfour of Pilrig in Midlothian, who died in 1764. By his second wife Whytt had six surviving children.
Whytt's son John, who changed his name to Whyte, became heir to the entailed estates of General Melville of Strathkinness, and took the name of Melville in addition to his own. He was grandfather of Captain George John Whyte-Melville.


Meir Yoeli

Meir Yoeli (August 20, 1912 – December 5, 1975) was a biologist, researcher and educator. He is best known for his expertise in the field of infectious and parasitic diseases, which led to advancements in malaria research in the 1960s and 70s. His name inspired the term, "yoelii," the taxonomy of organisms with English names. Yoeli was also a professor at New York University, where he wrote scientific papers on the study of human malaria.
Biography.
Yoeli was born on August 20, 1912 in Kaunas, Lithuania. He studied biology and medicine at the University of Kaunas and immigrated to Palestine in 1934. In 1937, Yoeli began studying medical and tropical medicine at the University of Padova in Italy. He received his M.D. in 1939 from the University of Basel.
He was a medical officer in the British Royal Army Medical Corps during World War II stationed in North Africa. In 1948, Yoeli was the head of the department of preventive medicine for the Israeli Defense Forces during Israel's war for independence. He became a member of the faculty at New York University in 1956. Yoeli taught as a professor in the department of preventive medicine at the university's School of Medicine. From 1974-1975, Yoeli was the president of the New York Society of Tropical Medicine. He was also the author of numerous children's books in Hebrew under the pen name Meir Michaeli. He died in December 1975 at his home in New York.
Research.
Yoeli is best known for his study and research of malaria at New York University. He developed the technique for testing rodent malaria parasites that was used on experimental research for chemotherapy and immunology. Before Yoeli's breakthrough, malaria research of parasites could only be done on human volunteers or monkeys. In 1974, Yoeli and his colleague, Bruce Hargreaves, discovered a mutant organism that causes cerebral malaria.
Selected publications.
Yoeli published more than 130 scientific papers during his career. His research in the field of malaria was recognized internationally by the New York Academy of Science, the "Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene" and others.


Jean de Tournes

Jean de Tournes (1504 – 1564) was a French printer, book publisher and bookseller, and the founder of a long-lasting family printing business. From 1559 he was the , printer to the French king.
Life.
Jean de Tournes was born in Lyon in 1504. He was apprenticed in the printing workshop of Gaspard and Melchior Trechsel, and then worked for about ten years as a compositor in the workshops of Sébastien Gryphe. In 1542 de Tournes set up his own shop, where from 1547 until 1563 he was in partnership with his son-in-law Guillaume Gazeau. He was a learned humanist, and published accurate editions of works of both ancient and modern authors. Until 1547 he employed the engraver Georges Riverdy for illustrated works; after that date he used the noted engraver Bernard Salomon. He converted to Protestantism in about 1545.
Jean de Tournes died of plague in Lyon on 7 September 1564. He was succeeded in the business by his son Jean de Tournes. In 1585 the family and the printing works moved to Geneva in order to escape religious persecution as Huguenots in the French Wars of Religion. In 1727 they returned to Lyon, and in 1906 they were among the founders of the Imprimeries réunies in that city.
The emblem of the de Tournes press was two entwined vipers. Their mottoes included ; ; ; and .
Publications.
Jean de Tournes published many of the Lyonnais poets of his generation, including , Maurice Scève, Louise Labé, Joachim du Bellay and . He published accurate editions of the works of authors including Petrarch (1545), Dante (1547), Marguerite de Navarre (1547), Vitruvius (1552) and Froissart (1559–61). He published numerous works in Latin, Italian and other languages, including a Latin version of Guillaume Le Sueur's account of the Martin Guerre affair (1561). Illustrated books from his press include the "Emblemata" of Andrea Alciati (1547), Aesop's "Fables" (1547), the "Quadrins historiques de la Bible" (1553) and the "Metamorphoses" of Ovid (1557).


Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research

The Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia (SHPA). The journal covers the field of pharmacy and includes "focus sections" on geriatric therapeutics and primary care. As the official publication of SHPA, the journal also publishes editorial discussion relating to pharmacy practice, book reviews, and recurring review sections focusing on medication safety and recent research in clinical pharmacy from around the world. The editor-in-chief is Chris Alderman (University of South Australia).
History.
The journal was established in 1966 as the "Australian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy" with Fred J. Boyd and Charles B Macgibbon as the founding editors-in-chief. The journal obtained its current title in 2002. Since 2014, the journal is published by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of the SHPA.
Abstracting and indexing.
The journal is abstracted and indexed in Biological Abstracts, BIOSIS Previews, CINAHL, EBSCO databases, Embase, and Scopus.


Debrework Zewdie

Dr. Debrework Zewdie, former Director (September 1994–November 2014) of the World Bank Global AIDS Program and Deputy Executive Director and COO of the Global Fund, is an Ethiopian national who has led strategy, policy implementation, and management of development programs at country, regional, and global levels for international bodies such as the World Bank and The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. As an immunologist, she conceptualized and managed the groundbreaking US$1 billion Multi-country HIV/AIDS Program that changed the AIDS funding landscape and pioneered the large-scale multi-sectorial response with direct financing to civil society and the private sector. Dr. Zewdie led the articulation of the World Bank's first global strategy on HIV/AIDS and the Global HIV/AIDS Program of Action. As a founding UNAIDS Global Coordinator, she has been instrumental in making the unique cooperative structure of the UNAIDS family a working reality, fostering strong inter-agency partnerships. She is an advocate for women's health and was a founding Vice President and member of the Society for Women and AIDS in Africa (SWAA). She established institutional rigor at the Global Fund and led its wide-ranging internal reform which culminated in the ongoing corporate transformation program. Dr. Zewdie has a Ph.D. in clinical immunology from the University of London, a postdoctoral fellowship at SYVA Company (a diagnostic company in Palo Alto, California), and was a Senior MacArthur Fellow at the Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies. Dr. Zewdie was a Richard L. and Ronay A. Menschel Senior Leadership Fellow at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health in 2015. During her Fellowship at the Harvard Chan School, she also participated as a speaker on Voices in Leadership, an original webcast series, in a discussion titled, "Leadership in Getting AIDS on the World Bank Agenda", moderated by Dr. Barry Bloom.


Invisible (Christina Grimmie song)

"Invisible" is Christina Grimmie’s first posthumous single which was released on Friday, February 17, 2017, by UMG and Republic Records. The song was scheduled to be released on Tuesday, February 14, 2017 but due to Christina getting the major record deal for her posthumous music with her family they decided to release it on Friday, February 17, 2017, for #NewMusicFriday and because every artist with a record deal has to release their new music on a Friday. It was premiered exclusively on Elvis Duran Show on February 16, 2017 alongside the lyric video that was uploaded on Grimmie's official YouTube channel the same day. Later, the single was supplemented with an animated superhero music video on March 10, 2017.
Music video.
On Friday, March 10, 2017, Christina’s family and her team released the official music video for Invisible which features an anime character version of Christina and her buddy, just two days before what would have been The Voice singer's 23rd birthday.
In a message posted along with the anime-style clip, her family wrote, "Introducing the world premiere of the official video for Invisible. As many of you know, Christina loved video games and had a special fondness for anime. We created this video as a special tribute to honor that love and her desire to always bring light and love into the heart of others."
In the clip directed by Stephen Leonard of Giant Pancake, Grimmie receives a magic hoverboard from a pink creature and sails through a city vaporizing evil creatures with beams of light that blast from her hands. As of February 2018 the video has over 750K views on YouTube while the lyrics video has over 1 million views.
Personnel.
Credits are adapted from the reference sources.


Ashley Moffett

Ashley Moffett, also Ashley King, is a Professor in the Department of Pathology at the University of Cambridge specialising in Reproductive Immunology, and a fellow of King's College. She became a fellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists in 2015, and a fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 2019.
Career.
Moffett has been at the forefront of research into the immunology of trophoblast invasion and its role in placentation for over 25 years. Her main areas of research currently are into interactions between maternal Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) and fetal HLA-C molecules, the culture of human trophoblast cells and the link between KIR/HLA-C variants to pre-eclampsia, puerperal sepsis and obstructed labour. She leads the maternal health scheme as part of the Wellcome Trust Centre for Global Health Research.
Her research has shown that women with pre-eclampsia have differences in genes involved in cell communication, to women without pre-eclampsia. These genes are involved in chemical signalling between placenta trophoblast cells and natural killer immune cells.
In 2018, Moffet was a lead researcher of a team that developed miniature versions of placentas outside the body. These artificial placenta organoids provide an additional tool for research into placental development and the effects of hormones, drugs, and infection such as Zika virus.
She has also led work in mapping characteristics of individual cells at the interface of the placenta and the uterus. This work revealed how these cells communicate and modulate the mother's immune response during the first trimester of pregnancy. Trophoblast cells of the placenta were found to be important in facilitating blood flow to the uterus.
Moffett has come out strongly against the use of immune-suppressive drugs as a means of preventing miscarriage, commenting, "That's a very attractive idea, but it's actually not correct. But it's become firmly embedded and it's extremely hard to dislodge it, even among scientists." Also, in relation to pregnancy, she has stated that pre-eclampsia, often experienced by African women, is impossible to predict or prevent. "Even when it is detected the only course of action is constant monitoring, and ultimately the only cure is delivery – sometimes at too early a stage for the baby to survive."
Alongside her research, Moffett has also been involved in public engagement work. In 2019 she gave a talk on fetal rejection at the Cambridge Science Festival.


Frederick Akbar Mahomed

Frederick Henry Horatio Akbar Mahomed (11 April 1849 – 22 November 1884) was an internationally known British physician from Brighton, England.
Family and personal life.
Frederick Henry Horatio Akbar Mahomed was born on 11 April 1849 in Brighton. He was the eldest son of Frederick Mahomed (1818–1888) and his second wife, Sarah Hodgkinson (1816–1905). He was also the grandson of the pioneering Indian traveller, author and entrepreneur Sake Dean Mahomed. Frederick Akbar Mahomed's father, Frederick Mahomed, ran a fencing, gymnastics and callisthenics academy in Hove, which included boxing instruction. Cameron and Hicks dispute the suggestion that he ran Turkish baths at Brighton attributing this to a confusion of Mahomed's father Frederick with his uncle, Arthur. Mahomed had three brothers (Arthur George Suleiman, James Deen Kerriman and Henry), and one sister (Adeline). He was educated privately in Brighton prior to attending medical school.
On June 14, 1873 at the parish church of St Nicholas', Brighton, Mahomed married Ellen (Nellie) Chalk. The couple had two children, a son, Archibald in 1874 and a daughter, Ellen in 1876. Only a month after the birth of Ellen in 1876, his wife, Ellen, died suddenly of sepsis and Mahomed and his family moved in with his uncle, Horatio, also a widower, in Seymour Street near Portman Square, London. In 1879 Mahomed married Ada Chalk, the younger sister of his first wife. As such a marriage was not legal under English law, the couple married in Switzerland. They lived at 12 St Thomas' Street, close to Guy's Hospital. The couple had two daughters, Dorothy in 1880, and Janet in 1881, and a son, Humphry in 1883. In 1884 the family moved from St Thomas' Street into a six-story Georgian house at 24 Manchester Square. Sadly, later that year, Mahomed contracted typhoid fever, presumably from a patient at the London Fever Hospital, where he was working. He died on 22 November 1884 from an intestinal hemorrhage and a perforated intestine. He was buried at Highgate Cemetery. On his death a subscription was set up to assist his family and several notable physicians including Sir William Gull, Sir Samuel Wilks, Sir James Paget and Elizabeth Garrett Anderson contributed. His oldest son, Archibald, later became a doctor, and in 1914 Archibald and the rest of the family changed their name to Deane (possibly acknowledging Frederick's grandfather's name, Deen) to lessen the impact of the xenophobia and racial prejudice associated with the outbreak of the World War I. Frederick's second wife, Ada Deane, died in New York in 1940. Of Frederick's children, Archibald Deane died in 1948, Ellen died in 1954, Janet in died 1955, Humphry died in 1955 and Dorothy died in 1962.
Education and career.
In 1867, aged 18, Mahomed began to study medicine at the Sussex County Hospital, Brighton. Two years later in October 1869, he entered Guy's Hospital, London as a medical student. He was an outstanding student and, in 1871, won the student Pupils' Physical Society prize for his work on the sphygmograph, having been runner-up the previous year. Mahomed qualified as a Member of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1872. Following qualification, Mahomed worked at Highgate Infirmary (St Pancras' North Infirmary, Central London Sick Asylum) for a year. In 1873, he was appointed as resident medical officer at the London Fever Hospital in Liverpool Street, Islington. In 1874 Mahomed became a member of the Royal College of Physicians and was appointed as Student Tutor and Pathologist at St Mary's Hospital, Paddington. In 1875, Mahomed gained a doctorate (M.D.) from the University of Brussels. In 1877, he returned to Guy's Hospital as a Registrar (Senior Resident). He was elected as a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1880, and in 1881, he was awarded an M.B. from Cambridge University for his thesis on "Chronic Bright's disease without albuminuria". In the same year, he was appointed Assistant Physician at Guy's Hospital and, in 1882, he was appointed as a Demonstrator in Morbid Anatomy at Guy's Hospital.Mahomed‘s earliest contribution, while still a medical student, was to improve the sphygmograph, a device for measuring blood pressure that had originally been devised by Karl von Vierordt and further developed by Étienne-Jules Marey. Mahomed’s major innovation was to make the sphygmograph quantitative, so that it was able to measure arterial blood pressure (in Troy ounces). The description of the modified instrument was published in 1872. Following his graduation in the same year, Mahomed took up an appointment at the Central London Sick Asylum, where he worked with Sir William Broadbent, who became a strong supporter and friend. Several of Mahomed’s pulse tracings are contained in Broadbent’s classic book, "The Pulse". Mahomed used the new sphygmograph to measure arterial tension (blood pressure) in Bright's disease and a range of other conditions, including pregnancy, scarlet fever, gout, alcohol and lead poisoning. He found that in some individuals blood pressure was elevated before there was evidence of kidney disease, assessed by measurement of protein in the urine (proteinuria). He also made the association between the elevated blood pressure and various post-mortem changes, including enlargement of the heart (cardiac hypertrophy), thickening and fibrosis of the arterial wall, aneurysm formation, and damage to the microcirculation (arterio-capillary fibrosis). In effect, Mahomed was describing most of the key pathological effects of essential hypertension for the first time. Initially he termed this condition "Bright's disease without albuminuria" but later he described it as “high pressure diathesis”. His description of the condition is worth citing:‘…the existence of this abnormally high pressure does not necessarily mean disease, but only a tendency towards disease. It is a functional condition, not necessarily a permanent one, though it is generally more or less so in these individuals. These persons appear to pass on through life pretty much as others do… As age advances the enemy gains accessions of strength; perhaps the mode of life assists him - good living and alcoholic beverages make secure his position, or head work, mental anxiety, hurried meals, constant excitement, inappropriate or badly cooked food, or any other of the common but undesirable circumstances of everyday life, tend to intensify the existing condition, or, if not previously present, perhaps produce it. Now under this greatly increased arterial pressure, hearts begin to hypertrophy and arteries to thicken; what has previously been a functional condition tends to become more of the nature of an organic one…’Mahomed also proposed that reducing blood pressure would prolong life, although the means of doing that in his era were in the main limited to lifestyle advice.
In 1880 Mahomed made a first foray into public health. He wrote to the British Medical Journal to advocate undertaking the comprehensive systematic documentation of disease in Britain; he termed this idea, Collective Investigation. Mahomed’s proposals were warmly supported by Sir George Murray Humphry, the President of the British Medical Association, and a Collective Investigation Committee was formed in 1881 with Mahomed as secretary. Around this time Mahomed became acquainted with the British polymath, Francis Galton, who shared an interest in factors predisposing to disease. Mahomed and Galton collaborated to produce composite photographs of over 400 patients with phthisis (Tuberculosis), which they compared with composite photographs based on 200 individuals without evidence of phthisis to test whether, as was widely believed, appearance or looks indicated a predisposition to disease. They found no evidence of a characteristic facial appearance associated with tuberculosis beyond some evidence of emaciation.
In 1882 Mahomed advocated expanding Collective Investigation to include a general collection of detailed family life histories: 'for encouraging patients to keep carefully prepared records of their lives and of the chief incidents therein, both medical and otherwise. These records would prove of very great value, alike to the patient, to the doctor, and to medical science.'A life-history subcommittee of the Collective Investigation Committee, including both Mahomed and Galton was formed in 1882.
Initially the Collective Investigation Committee was very successful with 54 local Collective Investigation Committees being formed to collect data. Their preliminary findings were published in 1883 as a 76-page single volume called 'The Collective Investigation Record' and included results based on more than 2000 patients. In 1884, a Life History Album was published to allow parents to record details of family circumstances and child development. It was advertized in Nature and Galton offered prizes of £500 to people who submitted the most complete family records - within 5 months he had received in excess of 150 records. Over the subsequent 5 years data based on over 300 family records were published, with the main findings summarised in Galton’s book, Natural Inheritance. However, Mahomed would not see these achievements as he died in November 1884 from typhoid fever.
Contribution.
Michael F. O'Rourke summarizes the contributions of Frederick Akbar Mahomed as follows:


Disappearance of Jared Negrete

Jared Michael Negrete (born September 11, 1978) is a missing person who was last seen on July 19, 1991.
Disappearance.
Negrete had gone with his fellow Boy Scouts on a camping trip, which was the first trip that he would spend overnight. He somehow got separated from his group, likely after falling behind and then going off on the wrong trail. Negrete was last seen wearing green Boy Scout
pants, with a tan-colored T-shirt (possibly a Boy Scout-style T-shirt), and with black
high-top tennis shoes.
Investigation and aftermath.
When a search was conducted to find Negrete, twelve snapshots were developed from a camera that was discovered that may have belonged to him. The 19-day search combed the area of the 11,500-foot Mt. San Gorgonio. Shoe prints were found at about 10,000 feet matching those of Negrete. Also found was his backpack, as well as some beef jerky and candy wrappers, but Negrete himself could not be located. In 2001, Jared's father Felipe Negrete became involved with a case of another hiker who got lost in the same area, a 16-year-old boy named William Parven.


Justin Raanan

Justin Raanan is a periodontist, former instructor of Harvard School of Dental Medicine and former teaching assistant at the Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC.
Education.
Justin Raanan was born and raised in Beverly Hills. He attended the University of California, Los Angeles for his undergraduate degree. He studied anthropology and biology, and graduated "magna cum laude" with a Bachelor of Science.


Conversations (song)

"Conversations" is a song by American recording artist Juice Wrld, released on July 10, 2020, as the second track from his posthumous third studio album "Legends Never Die".
Background.
The song's co-producer DJ Scheme said he "fought for a year to make sure this record came out some how some way". The song was the first collaboration between Scheme and Juice Wrld, alongside the unreleased track "Way Too Many". According to Scheme, the song was conceived a few days before his birthday while on tour, when Juice invited him to his hotel and asked Scheme to play a beat.
Composition.
The song opens with "a chilling intro", followed by, as noted by "Billboard"s Michael Saponara, Juice Wrld chugging the Ronny J beat "like a Red Bull and gets right to naming all of the vices that have given him trouble along with his favorite fashion brands that became a staple in his wardrobe". Juice boasts on the line "I can have my cake and eat it too", directing it to his critics who he has grown impatient with.
Commercial performance.
On its first day of release, the track topped the US Spotify chart and both the US and global Apple Music charts. Despite never having been released as a single, "Conversations" debuted at number seven on the "Billboard" Hot 100. "Conversations" was one of four other songs on "Legends Never Die" to reach the top 10 for the week ending July 25, 2020.The song was certified platinum in February,2021.