Kon Ka Kinh National Park

Kon Ka Kinh National Park () is a national park of Vietnam, established by the decision (167/2002/QĐ-TTg) on November 25, 2002 of the then Prime Minister, Phan Văn Khải.
Kon Ka Kinh National Park is a priority zone for the protection of biodiversity in Vietnam and the ASEAN. It is also a biological tourist site.
Besides the biological diversity of the flora and fauna here, Kon Ka Kinh plays an important role in the protection of the upstream of the Ba River and the Dak Pne River, which supply water for tens of square kilometres of crops areas of Gia Lai Province and Kon Tum Province. To the west of this national park is the Yaly Hydroelectricity Plant.
General information.
Kon Ka Kinh National Park is located on the Kon Tum Plateau, in the areas of districts Mang Yang, K'Bang, and Đắk Đoa of Gia Lai Province. The center of the park is situated in the Commune of Ayun, Mang Yang District, northeast of Gia Lai Province, 50 km northeast of Pleiku, on an area of 417.8 km² with the geological coordinates: N14°09′ to 14°30′ and E108°16′ to 108°28′. To the north of the park is the Commune of Đắk Roong of K'Bang District; to the south of the park are the Commune Hà Ra and part of Commune of A Yun and Commune Đắk Yă of Mang Yang District; to the east lie the communes of Đắk Roong, Kon Pne, Kroong, and Lơ Ku of K'Bang District; and to the west lies commune Hà Đông of Đắk Đoa District.
Kon Ka Kinh was listed as a special forest in 1986 by the Decision 194/CT dated August 9, 1986 of the Chairman of the Council of the Ministers of Vietnam, with an area of 280 km², with the purpose of preserving subtropical forest in the high mountains with species of gymnosperm. In 1999, the Forest Investigation and Planning Institute of Vietnam (FIPI), in conjunction with BirdLife International, created the Kon Ka Kinh Bird Sanctuary Project, which then was approved by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and the Gia Lai People's Committee in the same year with an area of 417.8 km². Kon Ka Kinh National Park was one of four national parks in Vietnam, together with three other national parks in Vietnam: Ba Bể, Chư Mom Ray and Hoàng Liên), also one of 27 national parks in ASEAN was listed on ASEAN Heritage Park.
Topography.
The altitude of this park varies from 570 m (in valley of Ba River to 1,748 m (Kon Ka Kinh peak). Streams from the eastern part of the park are a water source for the Ba River, a twisted river running north–south until it meets the confluence A Yun River and then changes its direction to northwest–southeast before emptying into the South China Sea in Tuy Hòa city; while to the west of the river lie distributaries of the Mekong river. Owing to the sloping topography, rivers in this park are short, run fast, and create many waterfalls.
Kon Ka Kinh National Park contains 33,565 ha of natural forest, accounting for 80% of the total national park area. It is home to a variety of montane habitat types. There are about 20 square kilometres of broad leaf and needle leaf trees, primarily Pomu ("Fokienia hodginsii").
Biological diversity.
Flora.
Due to the characteristics of its topography, climate, soil conditions, and other factors, this park contains a great deal of biodiversity. It is home to:
According to the survey results, Kon Ka Kinh National Park contained 687 flora species of 459 genus and 140 families, of which the class of Magnoliopsida is dominant (104 families, 337 genus, 528 species). Second domination is Liliopsida (15 families, 82 genus, 111 species). Other diviso of Pteridophyta includes 16 families, 32 genus and 40 species. Gymnosperm includes 5 families, 8 genus, 8 species. Kon Ka Kinh is home to several endangered and preserved endemic species, such as:
Most of the area in Kon Ka Kinh National Park is covered by protozoa with the typical flora:
Fauna.
According to the survey, Kon Ka Kinh National Park is home to 428 animal species, of which, 223 species are of vertebrates living on land (34 ordo, 74 families) and 205 species Invertebrates (such as butterfly) of 10 families of ("Lepidoptera").
Mammal species including Indochinese tiger and Yellow-cheeked gibbon.


Dodori National Reserve

Dodori National Reserve is a protected area located in Lamu East District of Coast Province in Kenya. It was documented in 1976 and its 877 km² encompasses an important woodland and forest area that historically supported large populations of wildlife, including elephants, lions, buffaloes, and coastal topi.
The Dodori National Reserve is managed by Kenya Wildlife Service and is part of a larger area that has been recognized globally as an important cultural heritage area and a prized conservation site by international organizations such as the IUCN, Conservation International, World Wildlife Fund, among others. Together with the nearby Kiunga Marine National Reserve, the Dodori National Reserve was named a UNESCO Man and Biosphere Reserve in 1980.


Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park

Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park is a national park in Sumatra, Indonesia. The park located along the Bukit Barisan mountain range, has a total area of 3,568 km2, and spans three provinces: Lampung, Bengkulu, and South Sumatra. Together with Gunung Leuser and Kerinci Seblat national parks it forms a World Heritage Site, Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra.
Flora and fauna.
The national park stretching along the Bukit Barisan mountain range is in average only 45 km wide but 350 km long. The northern part is mountainous with its highest point at Gunung Pulung (1,964 m), while its southern section is a peninsula. It is covered by montane forest, lowland tropical forest, coastal forest and mangrove forest.
Plants in the park include Nipa palm, "Casuarina equisetifolia", "Anisoptera curtisii" and "Gonystylus bancanus", as well as Sonneratia, Pandanus, Shorea and Dipterocarpus species. Large flowers in the park include the "Rafflesia arnoldii", "Amorphophallus decus-silvae", "Amorphophallus titanum" and the world's largest orchid the "Grammatophyllum speciosum".
The park is home to many endangered and threatened species, including:
Other animals in the park are the Malayan tapir, siamang, Sumatran surili, sun bear and lesser mouse-deer. There are over 300 species of bird in the park, like the critically endangered Sumatran ground-cuckoo.
Conservation and threats.
The area was first protected by the Dutch East Indies government in 1935, that declared the South Sumatra I Nature Reserve.
The area became a national park in 1982.
Since the 1970s there have been numerous squatters established within the park, and despite forced evictions in the early 1980s, their numbers increased since 1998. In 2006 it was estimated that the squatter encroachment by about 127,000 people covered an area of 55,000 ha. For the period between 1972 and 2006, it is estimated that 63,000 ha of primary forest cover has been lost. This represents 20% of the forests lost to illegal agriculture. The World Wide Fund for Nature found that more than 450 km2 of park land is being used for growing coffee, and the organisation is now working with multinational coffee companies to help them avoid buying illegally grown coffee.


List of national parks of Bolivia

Status as of 2008:


Lee Metcalf Wilderness

The Lee Metcalf Wilderness is located in the northern Rocky Mountains in the U.S. state of Montana. Created by an act of Congress in 1983, this rugged alpine wilderness is divided into four separated parcels typified by complex mountain topography: Bear Trap Canyon unit, Spanish Peaks unit, Taylor-Hilgard unit, and Monument Mountains unit. The Bear Trap Canyon unit was the first designated wilderness area to be managed by the Bureau of Land Management (an agency within the Department of the Interior), and comprises a region of canyonlands adjacent to the Madison River. The other three sections of the wilderness are jointly managed by Beaverhead-Deerlodge and Gallatin National Forests, both of which are a part of the Department of Agriculture. The wilderness was named after the late Montana congressman Lee Metcalf.
The portion of the wilderness within Gallatin National Forest is also within the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and borders Yellowstone National Park. U.S. wilderness areas prohibit motorized and mechanized vehicles, including bicycles. Although camping and fishing are allowed with proper permit, there are no roads or buildings, and neither any logging or mining, in compliance with the 1964 Wilderness Act. As such, the Metcalf Wilderness serves as a critical wildlife refuge for many threatened and endangered species of North America and is home to the highest population density of grizzly bear in the contiguous United States. Many other large North American fauna also inhabit this undisturbed alpine ecosystem, such as moose, elk, black bear, mountain goat, bighorn sheep, wolverines, cougars, Canadian lynx, and wolves, as well as bald eagles, osprey, pelicans, and trumpeter swans.


Lake Neusiedl

Lake Neusiedl () or Fertő (; ; ; ; ) is the largest endorheic lake in Central Europe, straddling the Austrian–Hungarian border. The lake covers , of which is on the Austrian side and on the Hungarian side. The lake's drainage basin has an area of about . From north to south, the lake is about long, and it is between and wide from east to west. On average, the lake's surface is above the Adriatic Sea and the lake is no more than deep.
Water level fluctuations.
In the past, rainfall and aridity caused significant floods (which in 1768 enlarged the lake to its maximum documented size of ) and significant decreases in the lake's level, although frequently there seemed to be no apparent connection with the weather situation.
Stratigraphy shows that the lake bed has totally dried up at least 100 times since its formation (18,000–14,000 BC). During recent history the lake's complete disappearance has been documented in considerable detail on several occasions, e.g. in 1740–1742, 1811–1813, and most recently in 1866, when the private diary of a local, Gottlieb Wenzel, noted that he crossed the bed of the lake on 4 June without soiling his boots. Parts of the lake bed were claimed for agriculture; wheat and turnips were being planted. However, in 1871 the lake began to return and by the spring of 1876 it had already reassumed its usual size. The last (brief and partial) vanishing took place during the summer of 1949 when the northern part of the lake bed (to the approximate latitude of Podersdorf) fell dry for a few weeks. Each time the drying-up of the lake bed caused major environmental disruptions because the humidifying and temperature buffering effect of the large water body was absent, and because the winds blew large amounts of salty dust into the surrounding villages. On earlier occasions the lake was sometimes referred to as a "swamp", suggesting a very low water level with an expansion of reeds throughout the lake bed. Two records dated to 1318 and 1324, respectively mention a "river", implying that at this time the lake might have been reduced to a central body of water running from north to south.
Today the water level is controlled by an artificial outflow, the , and a sluice on Hungarian territory near Fertőújlak, and bilateral issues are dealt with by the Austro-Hungarian water commission which was established in 1956. However, comparatively minor fluctuations of the lake's level continue to occur. In 1965 the lake gained of water within a single month, raising its level by . The water level decreased to a similar extent, by within one year as a result of the drought of 2003. Both types of events are perfectly within the normal range, and because of the shallowness of the water can be either exacerbated or compensated by the effects of wind pressure, which can temporarily raise or reduce the local water level by as much as . However, the lake remains sensitive to changes in its equilibrium, as recent climate change scenario simulations have shown.
Before the regulation works of the 19th century, the lake extended in the southeast to the marshlands of the Hanság () which have been increasingly drained and claimed for agriculture from the 16th century onward. Originally, the lake was thus closely connected to the Danube and the Rába river systems.
Nature and wildlife.
Most of the lake is surrounded by reeds which serve as a habitat for wildlife (making the lake an important resting place for migratory birds) and are harvested in winter as soon as the ice is solid enough. This serves a double purpose, one ecological (removal of the bulk of organic matter that would otherwise decay in the lake) and one economic (the reed is sold for various purposes, mostly related to construction and housing). During the summer months, there are occasional reed fires, as dry reed is easily flammable, and fires spread quickly because of the almost constant wind. Water quality is determined by temperature, wind, and by the amount of salt and mud emanating with the ground water from the sediments.
Several plans for dams and other intrusive construction works which would have destroyed the lake and its biotopes were discussed during the first half of the 20th century but came to nothing. Detailed plans to divide the lake bed with earthworks so that certain parts with reasonably fertile soil could be permanently drained and claimed for agriculture while the remaining parts would be used for intensive aquaculture had been finalized and approved in 1918 but were abandoned when most of the lake became Austrian territory after World War I. In 1971 plans for a bridge across the Austrian part of the lake were thwarted by environmentalists.
In 1993 the National Park Neusiedler See-Seewinkel gained international acceptance as an IUCN Category II preserve. In 2001 the national parks in Austria and Fertő-Hanság in Hungary were together accepted as a World Heritage Site. Lake Neusiedl See and its surrounding areas in Austria also enjoy protection through the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands.
Towns and villages around the lake.
Traces of human settlement around Lake Neusiedl go back to the neolithic period. The area became densely populated from the 7th century BC onward, initially by people of the Hallstatt culture and remained so throughout Roman times. In 454 Theodoric the Great, the preeminent king of the Ostrogoths, was born here. Near Fertőrákos there are two Roman villas and a 3rd-century Mithras temple open to visitors.
The more important extant towns lying on the lake's shore are Illmitz (Illmic), Podersdorf am See (Pátfalu), Weiden (Védeny), Neusiedl am See (Nezsider), Jois (Nyulas), Winden (Sásony), Breitenbrunn (Fertőszéleskút), Purbach am Neusiedlersee (Feketeváros), Donnerskirchen (Fertőfehéregyháza), Oggau (Oka), Rust (Ruszt) and Mörbisch (Fertőmeggyes) in Austria, and Sopron, Fertőrákos, Fertőboz, Fertőd, Balf and Fertőújlak in Hungary, with the communities of Illmitz, Apetlon (Mosonbánfalva) and Podersdorf am See forming the so-called Seewinkel (lake corner), which is located between the lake and the Hungarian border. Hungarian names of Austrian towns lying on the lake's shore are given in parentheses.
Tourism.
Despite remaining a protected wildlife habitat, the region of Lake Neusiedl, particularly in its Austrian part, draws significant numbers of tourists. The lake is known as the "Sea of the Viennese", as it offers ample opportunities for sailing and windsurfing at a reasonable distance from Vienna. There is also some commercial fishing.
Low water levels pose a problem for sailing and commercial shipping, as boats hit the ground more frequently and mooring sites can become temporarily unusable. However, it somewhat facilitates the annual freestyle mass crossing of the lake from Mörbisch to Illmitz. Everybody who can swim and is more than in height can participate in this event, which was revived in 2004.


Khao Sok National Park

Khao Sok National Park (, ) is in Surat Thani Province, Thailand. Its area is , and it includes the Cheow Lan Lake contained by the Ratchaprapha Dam. The park is the largest area of virgin forest in southern Thailand and is a remnant of rain forest which is older and more diverse than the Amazon rain forest.
Geography.
Beautiful sandstone and mudstone rocks rise about above sea level. The park is traversed by a limestone mountain range from north to south with a high point of . This mountain range is hit by monsoon rain coming from both the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea, which makes it among Thailand's wettest regions with an annual rain fall of . Heavy rainfall and falling leaves led to the erosion of the limestone rocks and created the significant karst formations seen today.
Flora.
Bamboo holds topsoil very tenaciously, preventing soil erosion on hillsides and riverbanks. With more than 1,500 species, bamboo is the oldest grass in the world, dating back nearly 60 million years. Liana trees grow rapidly wrapping around any vertical or horizontal support base such as "takian" or "rain trees". Thus, it's dangerous to simply cut a tree in the jungle because it can pull connected liana vines with it creating a cascade of damage. Buttress roots are enlarged root bases mostly of trees that grow above the upper canopy. The theory about these roots is that they either developed in order to be more grounded in storms and rain or that they spread out on the ground in order to get more nutrients.
Many kinds of wild fruit can be found around the national park and serve as sustenance for animals. Among those fruits are wild jackfruit, mangosteen, durian, rambutan, jujube, pomelo, and wild bananas. Wild pepper and ginger are not uncommon. Khao Sok National Park is perhaps most famous for the "bua phut" (Rafflesia kerrii) flower.
Wildlife.
The park is estimated to contain over five percent of the world's species. Wild mammals include Malayan tapir, Asian elephant, tiger, sambar deer, bear, gaur, banteng, serow, wild boar, pig-tailed macaque, langur, white handed gibbons, squirrel, muntjak, mouse deer, barking deer.
The world's only known amphibious centipede, "Scolopendra cataracta", was discovered on a stream bank near the national park in 2001.
Climate.
The so-called wet season is between late April–December. The temperature ranges from all year around. Humidity and warm temperature provide the optimal environment for a rich eco-system in this tropical rain forest.
Natural History.
This area is estimated to be over 160 million years old, built through tectonic movements, climate changes, erosions and sediment accumulations. Approximately 300 million years ago, shallow water and warm temperatures in this region led to the creation of a huge coral reef. Estimated to be 5 times as big as the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, it originally stretched from China all the way to Borneo. Due to the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plate 0-66 million years ago, the Himalayas were formed, and what is now Thailand shifted dramatically near the continental divide and the limestone rocks were forced upward creating the dramatic limestone "karsts" for which the region is known today. Finally, melting ice established the river-rich landscape as well as dozens of waterfalls around the national park.
Human History.
The first migrants to Thailand migrated during the Ice Age from Borneo around 37,000 BCE.
The first accounts of people living in Khao Sok were found in the 1800s, during the reign of Rama II. In the Burmese-Siamese of (1809-1812), the Burmese army invaded the western portion of the area, forcing the inhabitants to flee inland. They found the area to be extremely alluring, in beauty, wildlife abundance, and good soil. As news spread of this discovery, more people immigrated to settle the region.
In 1944, the inhabitants of this region were stricken by a deadly epidemic. A large number of the villagers died while the few survivors escaped from the area to settle in nearby Takua Pa.
In 1961, Route 401 was built from Phun Pin in Surat Thani Province to Takua Pa in Phang Nga Province. At the turn of the millennium, they began the process of expanding Route 401 to a 4 lane freeway.
In the 1970s, Thai student activists and communist insurgents set up strongholds in the caves of Khao Sok. Settled in the shelter of the rainforest they protected the region from the Thai army, loggers, miners, and hunters for seven years.
Khao Sok became a national park in 1980. The government and the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) were interested in this region because Khao Sok holds the largest watershed in southern Thailand.
Only 2 years later, EGAT completed the high Ratchaprapha Dam, blocking off the "Klong Saeng River", a tributary of the Phum Duang River and creating a lake inside the park. The dam provides electricity for the south, and the lake became a major holiday destination for Thai and foreign tourists alike. There were several species of animals that had to be resettled to save them from drowning, as the lake slowly filled over a period of 3 years. Unfortunately, a study from 1995 revealed the loss of some 52 species of fish from the river, which could not survive in the stagnant water.
Activities.
Khao Sok National Park has various activities for tourists who enjoy activities such as trekking, canoeing, bamboo rafting. A boat tour to Cheow Lan lake is also available.
Trekking: Due to Khao Sok being a tropical rainforest, there are many wild animals such as “wild elephants, serow, tigers, Malayan sun bears and over 180 bird species to watch”. Those interested in trekking can hire a local guide. Rafflesia Kerrii Meijer can be found in the area. Tourists may stay in the rainforest overnight.
Canoeing and Bamboo rafting: Sok River is known for beautiful views along the river. There are local guides for tourists to hire for canoeing and bamboo rafting tours.
Boat to Cheow Lan lake: Within the deep forest, there are caves to explore such as Diamond cave, Khang Cow Cave and Nam Talu cave which connect to Cheow Lan lake. Nam Talu cave is about from the headquarters of Khao Sok National Park. Tour guides are available to boat visitors from the waterfall to the lake.


Ramappa Temple

Ramappa Temple also known as the Ramalingeswara temple, is located 77 km from Warangal, 15 km from Mulugu, 209 km from Hyderabad in the state of Telangana in southern India. It lies in a valley in Palampet village of Venkatapur Mandal of Mulugu district, a tiny village long past its days of glory in the 13th and 14th centuries. An inscription in the temple dates it to the year 1213 CE and says it was built by a Kakatiya General Recherla Rudra Reddy, during the period of the Kakatiya ruler Ganapati Deva.
The temple is a Sivalayam, where Lord Ramalingeswara is worshipped. Marco Polo, during his visit to the Kakatiya Empire, allegedly called the temple "the brightest star in the galaxy of temples". Ramappa Temple stands majestically on a 6 ft high star-shaped platform. The hall in front of the sanctum has numerous carved pillars that have been positioned to create an effect that combines light and space wonderfully. The temple is named after the sculptor Ramappa, who built it, and is perhaps the only temple in India to be named after a craftsman who built it.
The main structure is in a reddish sandstone, but the columns round the outside have large brackets of black basalt which is rich in iron, magnesium and silica. These are carved as mythical animals or female dancers or musicians, and are "the masterpieces of Kakatiya art, notable for their delicate carving, sensuous postures and elongated bodies and heads".
The Temple is included in the proposed UNESCO World Heritage Site "The Glorious Kakatiya Temples and Gateways", in 2019 on the "tentative list". The proposal was submitted to UNESCO on 10 September 2010.
Description.
The roof (garbhalayam) of the temple is built with bricks, which are so light that they are able to float on water.
There are two small Shiva shrines on either side of the main temple. The enormous Nandi within, facing the shrine of Shiva, remains in good condition.
Nataraja Ramakrishna revived Perini Shivatandavam (Perini Dance), by seeing the sculptures in this temple. The dance poses, written in Nritta Rathnavalid by Jayapa Senaani, also appear in these sculptures.
The temple remained intact even after repeated wars, plunder and destruction during wars and natural disasters. There was a major earthquake during the 17th century which caused some damage.
Many of the smaller structures were neglected and are in ruins. The Archaeological Survey of India has taken charge of it. The main entrance gate in the outer wall of the temple is ruined.
Location.
Ramappa temple is located in Palampet, Venkatapur mandal which is 19 km from Mulugu Mandal (around 70 km off Warangal City).
It is 6 km away from Kota Gullu where another lord shiva temple is located. Tourists from Hyderabad can reach to Ramappa Temple via Hanamkonda.


List of World Heritage Sites in Ukraine

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972. Cultural heritage consists of monuments (such as architectural works, monumental sculptures, or inscriptions), groups of buildings, and sites (including archaeological sites). Natural features (consisting of physical and biological formations), geological and physiographical formations (including habitats of threatened species of animals and plants), and natural sites which are important from the point of view of science, conservation or natural beauty, are defined as natural heritage. Ukraine officially adopted the UNESCO Convention and become an independent member on 12 October 1988, while still officially being a Union Republic of the Soviet Union.
, there are seven World Heritage Sites listed in Ukraine, six of which are cultural sites and one, the Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe, is a natural site. The first site was listed was "Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra", in 1990. The most recent sites listed were the Wooden "Tserkvas" of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine and the Ancient City of Tauric Chersonese and its Chora, in 2013. Three sites are transnational. The Wooden "Tserkvas" are shared with Poland, the Struve Geodetic Arc is shared with nine countries, and the Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests are shared with eleven countries. In addition, Ukraine has 17 sites on its tentative list.
World Heritage Sites.
UNESCO lists sites under ten criteria; each entry must meet at least one of the criteria. Criteria i through vi are cultural, whereas vii through x are natural.
Tentative list.
Ukraine has several submissions on the tentative list. One of the submissions is an extension of the existing site of Kyiv's historical monuments. Mykolayiv Astronomical Observatory has been submitted in 2007, but in 2008 it has been resubmitted as a part of Astronomical Observatories of Ukraine


Qosqoccahuarina, Urubamba

Qosqoccahuarina (possibly from Quechua "qusqu" boundary stone; nucleus; navel; heap of earth and stones; bed, dry bed of a lake, "Qusqu" Cusco (a city), "qhawarina, qhawana" viewpoint) is a private area of conservation in the Urubamba mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Cusco Region, Urubamba Province, Ollantaytambo District. It lies in the community of Rumira Sondormayo ("Rumira Sondor Mayo, Sondor Mayo Rumira or Sunturmayu Rumira") at the Patacancha valley near Patacancha. The area of conservation of Qosqoccahuarina is recognized by "Resolución Ministerial" No. 089-2011-MINAM. The aim is to protect the Polylepis forest and its avifauna, the hydrographical basins of the community and the wild flora and fauna of the Andean highlands.


Kui Buri National Park

Kui Buri National Park is a national park of Thailand in the Tenasserim Hills in Prachuap Khiri Khan Province. It was established in 1999.
Geography.
The park covers parts of the Pran Buri, Sam Roi Yot, and Mueang Prachuap Khiri Khan Districts of Prachuap Khiri Khan Province.
Flora.
The forests contain dry evergreen and moist evergreen forests. Important trees are "Dipterocarpus tuberculatus, Hopea odorata, Terminalia chebula", and different species of palms.
The park has more than 200,000 sandalwood trees. It is the only place in Thailand where sandalwood can be harvested for the cremation of royal family members. Nine trees were cut down for the cremation of King Bhumibol Adulyadej. A royal brahmin spent one month selecting trees meeting royal criteria: they must be dead and have been over 100 years old.
Fauna.
Some animals that can be found in the park:


Gurez National Park

The Gurez National Park, also known as Musk Deer National Park, is one of the protected areas of Pakistan. It is located in Neelum District in Azad kashmir, Pakistan, besides the Neelum River in the Gurez valley. It is located in the high Himalayas and Pir Panjal Range. It is a thirty-five minute drive from Gurez tehsil. It is also known as Gurez valley national park.
Location.
The Gurez national park is located in Neelum District, and consists of the easternmost portion of the district, amounting to 14.5% of its territory. It is a thirty minute drive from Neelum town. It is nestles among the Pir Panjal Range and the Lower Himalayan Range in the Himalayan foothills.
Geography.
The park is located in the high Himalayan foothills of north-western. There are rugged mountain tracts rising up to an elevation of 3,000m above sea level. The average elevation mainly ranges from 1,500-3,000m. Natural freshwater streams feed the Neelum River, which runs across the Gurez valley. It was notified as a national park in 2007, and is managed by the Himalayan Wildlife Foundation. The park covers a total area of .
Flora.
The habitat here consists entirely of Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests, covered mainly by trees such as Blue pine, deodar and "Betula utilis", "Picea smithiana", "Abies pindrow" along with some of the last stands of the endangered "Taxus wallichiana" or Himalayan yew. Common flowering plants include "Rosa moschata" and herbs and grasses such as "Skimmia laureola" and "Sinopodophyllum" which make up the flora of the lower slopes.
Fauna.
The national park was established to protect the endangered musk deer. In total it is home to some 19 mammals, 100 birds and a few reptiles. The Himalayan musk deer is found here and the total population could possibly cross 50 individuals.
Major mammal species of the park include:
Birds of the park include:
Reptiles include "Laudakia agrorensis" and "Laudakia tuberculata".


Madison Range

The Madison Range is a mountain range located in the Rocky Mountains of Montana and Idaho in the United States. The range was named in honor of future President of the United States, then U.S. Secretary of State James Madison by Meriwether Lewis as the Lewis and Clark Expedition travelled through Montana in 1805. The range extends from West Yellowstone, Montana to Bozeman, Montana and is flanked by the Madison River on the west and the Gallatin River to the east. The highest point in the range is Hilgard Peak at , a remote peak that wasn't climbed until 1948.
The Madison Range is the westernmost section of what is collectively referred to as the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Most of the range lies within Beaverhead-Deerlodge and Gallatin National Forests. A small portion of the range has been further protected with the creation of the Lee Metcalf Wilderness. The region has grizzly and black bears and at least one pack of wolves. Most other larger mammal species native to the region continue to exist in the range.
Quake Lake lies not far to the south of Hilgard Peak. The lake was created by a landslide which dammed the Madison River at the time of the M7.5 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake.


Don Henley

Donald Hugh Henley (born July 22, 1947) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, and a founding member of the Eagles. He was the drummer and co-lead vocalist for the Eagles from 1971 until the band broke up in 1980, and has reprised those duties for the group's reunions since 1994. Henley sang the lead vocals on Eagles hits such as "Witchy Woman", "Desperado", "Best of My Love", "One of These Nights", "Hotel California", "Life in the Fast Lane", "The Long Run" and "Get Over It".
After the Eagles broke up in 1980, Henley pursued a solo career and released his debut album "I Can't Stand Still", in 1982. He has released five studio albums, two compilation albums, and one live DVD. His solo hits include "Dirty Laundry", "The Boys of Summer", "All She Wants to Do Is Dance", "The Heart of the Matter", "The Last Worthless Evening", "Sunset Grill", "Not Enough Love in the World", and "The End of the Innocence".
The Eagles have sold over 150 million albums worldwide, won six Grammy Awards, had five number-one singles, 17 top-40 singles, and six number-one albums. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998 and are the highest-selling American band in history. As a solo artist, Henley has sold over 10 million albums worldwide, had eight top-40 singles, won two Grammy Awards and five MTV Video Music Awards. Combined with the Eagles and as a solo artist, Henley has released 25 top-40 singles on the "Billboard" Hot 100. He has also released seven studio albums with the Eagles and five as a solo artist. In 2008, he was ranked as the 87th-greatest singer of all time by "Rolling Stone" magazine.
Henley has also played a founding role in several environmental and political causes, most notably the Walden Woods Project. From 1994 to 2016, he divided his musical activities between the Eagles and his solo career.
Early life.
Donald Hugh Henley was born in Gilmer, Texas and grew up in the small northeast Texas town of Linden. He is the son of Hughlene (McWhorter) and C. J. Henley. He has Irish, English and Scottish ancestry. Henley attended Linden-Kildare High School where he initially played football, but due to his relatively small build his coach suggested that he quit, and he joined the high school band instead. He first played the trombone, then in the percussion section. After leaving high school in 1965, he initially attended college at Stephen F. Austin State University in Nacogdoches, Texas. He then attended North Texas State University (renamed in 1988 the University of North Texas) in Denton, Texas, from 1967 to 1969. Henley left school to spend time with his father, who was dying of heart and arterial disease.
Career beginnings.
While still at high school, Henley was asked to join a Dixieland band formed by his childhood friend Richard Bowden's father Elmer, together with another school friend Jerry Surratt. They then formed a band called the Four Speeds. In 1964 the band was renamed Felicity, then finally Shiloh, and went through a number of changes in band personnel. As Felicity they were signed to a local producer and released a Henley-penned song called "Hurtin'". In 1969, they met by chance fellow Texan Kenny Rogers who took an interest in their band. They changed their name to Shiloh and recorded a few songs for Rogers, and "Jennifer (O' My Lady)" was released as their first single. Surratt, however, died in a dirt bike accident just before their single was released, and the band members then became Henley, Richard Bowden and his cousin Michael Bowden, Al Perkins, and Jim Ed Norman. Rogers helped sign the band to Amos Records, and brought the band to Los Angeles in June 1970. They recorded a self-titled album produced by Rogers at Larrabee Studios while living at the home of Rogers for a few months. Shiloh disbanded in 1971 over the band's leadership and creative differences between Henley and Bowden.
In Los Angeles, Henley met Glenn Frey as they were both signed to the same label (Frey was signed to Amos Records, together with J. D. Souther, as the duo Longbranch Pennywhistle), and they were recruited by John Boylan to be members of Linda Ronstadt's backup band for her tour in 1971. Touring with her was the catalyst for forming a group, as Henley and Frey decided to form their own band. They were joined by Randy Meisner and Bernie Leadon who also played in Ronstadt's backing band (the four had, however, played together only once previously, as the band personnel changed) and became the Eagles.
The Eagles.
The Eagles were formed in 1971, and signed to David Geffen's label Asylum Records. They released their first studio album in 1972, which contained the hit song "Take It Easy", co-written by Jackson Browne. During the band's run, Henley co-wrote (usually with Frey) most of the band's best-known songs. "Witchy Woman", which was co-written with Leadon, was his first commercially successful song, while "Desperado" marks the beginning of his songwriting partnership with Frey.
Henley sang lead vocals on many of the band's popular songs, including "Desperado", "Witchy Woman", "Best of My Love", "One of These Nights", "Hotel California", "The Long Run", "Life in the Fast Lane" and "Wasted Time". The Eagles won numerous Grammy Awards during the 1970s and became one of the world's most successful rock bands of all time. They are also among the top five overall best-selling bands of all time in America, and the highest-selling American band in U.S. history. Henley and Frey have been called the American version of McCartney and Lennon.
The band broke up in 1980, following a difficult tour and personal tensions that arose during the recording of "The Long Run". The Eagles reunited 14 years later in 1994. Henley continues to tour and record with the Eagles. Their most recent album, "Long Road Out of Eden", was released in 2007. The band had a number of highly successful tours, such as the Hell Freezes Over Tour (1994-1996), and Long Road Out of Eden Tour. On April 1, 2013, during a concert at the Casino Rama in Rama, Ontario, Henley announced the History of the Eagles Tour, which began in July 2013 and ended in July 2015, six months before Frey's death. At the 2016 Grammy Awards, the Eagles and Jackson Browne performed "Take It Easy" as a tribute to Frey.
On his songwriting in the band, Henley stated in a March 2001 interview on "Charlie Rose" that "rock bands work best as a benevolent dictatorship", with the principal songwriters in a band (in the case of the Eagles, "me and Glenn Frey") being the ones that will likely hold the power.
Solo career.
Following the breakup of the Eagles, Henley embarked on a solo career. He and Stevie Nicks (his girlfriend at the time) had duetted on her Top 10 Pop and Adult Contemporary hit "Leather and Lace", written by Nicks for Waylon Jennings and his wife Jessi Colter, in late 1981. Henley's first solo album, "I Can't Stand Still", was a moderate seller. The single "Dirty Laundry" reached No. 3 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 at the beginning of 1983 and earned a Gold-certified single for sales of over a million copies in the US. It was Henley's all-time biggest solo hit single, and also was nominated for a Grammy Award. Henley also contributed "Love Rules" to the 1982 "Fast Times at Ridgemont High" movie soundtrack.
This was followed in 1984 by the album, "Building the Perfect Beast". A single release, "The Boys of Summer", reached No. 5 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. The music video for the song was directed by Jean-Baptiste Mondino and won several MTV Video Music Awards including Best Video of the Year. Henley also won the Grammy Award for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance for the song. Several other songs on the album, "All She Wants to Do Is Dance" (No. 9 on Hot 100), "Not Enough Love in the World" (No. 34) and "Sunset Grill" (No. 22) also received considerable airplay. He then had a No. 3 album rock chart hit with "Who Owns This Place?" from 1986's "The Color of Money" soundtrack.
Henley's next album, 1989's "The End of the Innocence", was even more successful. The album's title track, a collaboration with Bruce Hornsby, reached No. 8 as a single. "The Heart of the Matter", "The Last Worthless Evening" and "New York Minute" were among other songs that gained radio airplay. Henley again won the Best Male Rock Vocal Performance Grammy Award in 1990 for "The End of the Innocence". Also in 1990, Henley made a brief appearance on MTV's "Unplugged" series.
In 1995, Henley released the single "The Garden of Allah" to promote his greatest hits solo album "".
MusicRadar called Henley one of the greatest singing drummers of all time.
In live shows, Henley plays drums and sings simultaneously on some Eagles songs. On his solo songs and other Eagles songs, he plays electric guitar and simultaneously sings or just sings solo. Occasionally Eagles songs would get drastic rearrangements, such as "Hotel California" with four trombones.
On June 25, 2019, "The New York Times Magazine" listed Henley among hundreds of artists whose material was reportedly destroyed in the 2008 Universal Studios fire.
Lawsuits with Geffen Records.
Henley spent many years in legal entanglements with Geffen Records. In January 1993, following prolonged tensions between Henley and the label, the dispute went public and the record company filed a $30-million breach-of-contract suit in the Superior Court after receiving a notice from Henley saying that he was terminating his contract even though he reportedly owed the company two more studio albums and a greatest-hits collection. Henley wanted to sign a publishing deal with EMI that would have been worth a few million dollars. Geffen Records stopped this from happening, which in turn upset Henley.
Geffen Records claimed that Henley was in breach of contract and Henley attempted to get out of his contract in 1993 based on an old statute. Under the statute, a California law enacted over 50 years ago to free actors from long-term studio deals, entertainers cannot be forced to work for any company for more than seven years. Geffen Records did not want Henley signing with any other label, and had an agreement from Sony and EMI that they would not sign Henley. He counter-sued Geffen Records, claiming that he was "blackballed" by David Geffen, who had made agreements with other record labels not to sign him. Henley eventually became an outspoken advocate for musicians' rights, taking a stand against music labels who he believes refuse to pay bands their due royalties. Henley came to terms with Geffen Records when the Eagles' reunion took off and the company eventually took a large chunk of the profit from the reunion album. Glenn Frey was also in legal entanglements with his label, MCA Records (whose parent company had also acquired Geffen). Before the Eagles reunion tour could begin, the band had to file a suit against Elektra Records, which had planned to release a new Eagles "Greatest Hits" album. The band won that battle.
A long period without a new recording followed as Henley waited out a dispute with his record company while also participating in a 1994 Eagles reunion tour and live album. During the hiatus, Henley recorded a cover of "Sit Down, You're Rockin' the Boat" for the film "Leap of Faith", and provided the background vocals for country star Trisha Yearwood's hit single "Walkaway Joe", and duetted with Patty Smyth on "Sometimes Love Just Ain't Enough", and Roger Waters on "Watching TV" on Waters' "Amused to Death" album, in 1992. Henley provided the voice of Henry Faust in "Randy Newman's Faust", a 1993 musical which was released on compact disc that year.
Henley and Courtney Love testified at a California Senate hearing on that state's contractual laws in Sacramento on September 5, 2001. In 2002 Henley became the head of the Recording Artists' Coalition. The coalition's primary aim was to raise money to mount a legal and political battle against the major record labels. Henley says the group seeks to change the fundamental rules that govern most recording contracts, including copyright ownership, long-term control of intellectual property and unfair accounting practices. This group filed a friend-of-the-court brief in the Napster case, urging District Judge Marilyn Hall Patel not to accept the industry's broad claims of works made for hire authorship.
"Inside Job" and recent solo work.
In 2000, after 11 years, Henley released another solo album titled "Inside Job", which peaked at number 7 on the "Billboard" 200 and contained the new singles "Taking You Home", "Everything Is Different Now", "Workin' It" and "For My Wedding". He performed songs from the album in a "VH1 Storytellers" episode during 2000. In 2002 a live DVD entitled "Don Henley: Live Inside Job" was released. In 2005, Henley opened 10 of Stevie Nicks' concerts on her Two Voices Tour.
Henley performed duets with Kenny Rogers on Rogers' 2006 release "Water & Bridges", titled "Calling Me" and on Reba McEntire's 2007 album, "," performing "Break Each Other's Hearts Again".
In a 2007 interview with CNN, while discussing the future of the Eagles, Henley indicated he still has plans for more records: "But we all have some solo plans still. I still have a contract with a major label [Warner] for a couple of solo albums." In January 2011, Henley commenced work on a solo album of country covers featuring special guests. Ronnie Dunn from Brooks & Dunn and Alison Krauss have recorded a song with Henley for the album.
On July 18, 2015, Henley started pre-orders of his album, "Cass County". The album was released on September 25.
Henley was honored with the "Lifetime Achievement" award during the East Texas Music Awards event in 2015.
Political and other causes.
In 1990, Henley founded the Walden Woods Project to help protect "Walden Woods" from development. The Thoreau Institute at Walden Woods was started in 1998 to provide for research and education regarding Henry David Thoreau. In 1993, a compilation album titled "" was released, with a portion of the royalties from the sales going to the Walden Woods Project. In 2005, he had a fundraiser concert with Elton John and others to buy Brister's Hill, part of Walden Woods, and turn it into a hiking trail.
Henley co-founded the non-profit Caddo Lake Institute in 1993 with Dwight K. Shellman to underwrite ecological education and research. As part of the Caddo Lake Coalition, CLI helps protect the Texas wetland where Henley spent much of his childhood. As a result of the Caddo Lake Institute's success in restoring and protecting Caddo Lake's wetlands, Caddo Lake was included as the 13th site in the United States on the Ramsar Convention's list of significant wetlands. The Ramsar Convention is an intergovernmental treaty that provides a framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources.
In 2000, Henley co-founded the Recording Artists' Coalition, a group founded to protect musicians' rights against common music industry business practices. In this role he testified before the U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary in 2001 and the U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation in 2003.
Henley in a 2008 interview revealed that he contributes to many other charitable causes such as The Race to Erase MS, and the Rhythm and Blues Foundation. He is also a member of the CuriosityStream Advisory Board.
A lifelong supporter of the Democratic Party, Henley has also been a generous donor to political campaigns of Democrats. In 2008, "The Washington Post" reported Henley had donated over $680,000 to political candidates since 1978. Several tracks on the 2007 Eagles album "Long Road Out of Eden" (including the title track, which Henley co-wrote) are sharply critical of the Iraq War and other policies of the Bush administration.
Don Henley endorsed Joe Biden in the 2020 presidential election.
In a fundraiser hosted by Matthew McConaughey to raise money for Texans affected by the snowstorms in February, Henley performed "Snow", which was written by Jesse Winchester. The show premiered on March 21, 2021. Henley remarked "On that bitter cold Tuesday of February 16th, we had a busted pipe at the attic at my house, and me and my family were shoveling and bailing for 8 or 9 hours there. Nothing, of course, compared to the shoveling and bailing that's been going on down in the state capitol the past 3 weeks."
Personal life.
In 1974, Henley became involved with Loree Rodkin, and the breakup of their relationship was the inspiration for the song "Wasted Time" and parts of the lyrics for "Hotel California". Late in 1975, Henley started dating Fleetwood Mac singer Stevie Nicks as her relationship with Lindsey Buckingham came to an end. The relationship lasted on and off for around two years. Nicks later wrote a song "Sara" that Henley claimed was about their unborn child, for which Nicks had an abortion. Henley then began a three-year-long relationship with actress/model and Bond girl Lois Chiles.
Henley called paramedics to his home on November 21, 1980, where a 16-year-old girl was found naked and claiming she had overdosed on quaaludes and cocaine. She was arrested for prostitution, while a 15-year-old girl found in the house was arrested for being under the influence of drugs. Henley was arrested and subsequently charged for contributing to the delinquency of a minor. He pled no contest, was fined $2,500 and put on two years' probation. Chiles, who was no longer in a relationship with Henley at the time of the incident, later said, "I was shocked to hear about it. He didn't have drugs around the house. It was an accident, I'm sure." The media attention from this incident was primary among the inspirations for the solo hit, "Dirty Laundry".
In the early 1980s, Henley was engaged to "Battlestar Galactica" actress Maren Jensen. His first solo album ("I Can't Stand Still") is dedicated to Jensen, who also sings harmony vocals on the song "Johnny Can't Read". He and Jensen separated in 1986.
In 1995, Henley married Sharon Summerall. Performers at the wedding included Bruce Springsteen, Sting, Billy Joel, John Fogerty, Jackson Browne, Sheryl Crow, Glenn Frey, and Tony Bennett. Henley later wrote the song "Everything Is Different Now" from the album "Inside Job" for Sharon. Summerall has been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. They have three children together, two girls and a boy.
In 2012, Henley was estimated to be the fourth-wealthiest drummer in the world, behind Ringo Starr, Phil Collins and Dave Grohl, with a $200 million fortune.
As of 2019, he resides in Dallas, Texas, with his wife and three children. Henley also maintains a home in Hollywood, California.
Awards and nominations.
Henley has won 2 Grammys, and a further award associated with Grammy, MusiCares Person of the Year. He has also won a number of other awards, such as the MTV Music Video Awards for "The Boys Of Summer" in 1985, and "The End of the Innocence" in 1990. See the article on Eagles for awards won as the band.
In May 2012, Henley was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Music from Berklee College of Music along with Timothy B. Schmit, Joe Walsh and Glenn Frey.
In 2015, Henley received the Trailblazer Award from the Americana Music Honors & Awards.
Grammy.
!scope="row"|1983
!scope="row" rowspan="4"|1986
!scope="row" rowspan="4"|1990
!scope="row" |1993
!scope="row" rowspan="3"|2001
!scope="row|2002
!scope="row|2003
!rowspan="2" scope="row" |2007
!scope="row"|2016


Dawsholm Park

Dawsholm Park is a public park in Glasgow, Scotland, adjoining the Kelvindale, Maryhill and Temple areas of the city, and southern parts of the town of Bearsden. It is situated on the River Kelvin, north of the River Clyde. The park covers an area of 33 ha (81.5 acres), and consists mostly of woodland, with some grass and wildflower meadows in the southeast area of the park.
The park was created from lands purchased by Glasgow City Council from Sir Archibald Campbell of Succoth, in 1922. As well as the woodland area (originally called the Belvidere plantation), the Council also purchased some grassy areas to the south of the woodland. Sir Archibald then gifted an area of land contaminated with oil shale waste adjoining the eastern boundary of the woodland. The council levelled and grassed over that area to form a recreation area laid out with football pitches.
The woodland area of the park has always been kept in a natural state, and in 2007 Glasgow City Council designated the park as a Local Nature Reserve. As part of the environmental and ecological work in the park, Highland Cattle are being used in a managed grazing programme on the grassy areas, to encourage the development of wildflower meadows.
The peripheries of the park include the University of Glasgow School of Veterinary Medicine, the institution's sporting facilities (Garscube Complex), the West of Scotland Science Park, and one of the four main waste recycling facilities in the city, serving its north-west sector.


Maya Golden Landscape

The Maya Golden Landscape is an area in Belize of approximately 275,000 hectares consisting of protected areas, agriculture, private lands and many small communities that is under the management of the Ya'axché Conservation Trust in Toledo District. The Landscape area encompasses the Bladen Nature Reserve, Colombia River Forest Reserve, Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary, Deep River Forest River Reserve, Port Honduras Marine Reserve, along with commercial and subsistence farmland. Most of the area is dominated with various types of broadleaf forests which varies with topography, soil type and the disturbance history (which are disturbances caused by hurricanes or agriculture). One disturbance that affect the area, as well, is fires caused by agricultural farming due to the slash and burn practice.
History.
Initiated by a group of local Mayan leaders in 1997, the Maya Golden Landscape was then strengthened by the support of Fauna and Flora International. The Ya’axché Conservation Trust has been directing this corridor along with the assistance of the management of the individual protected areas within the Maya Golden Landscape.
Topography.
Encompassing four terrestrial protected areas, the Maya Golden Landscape most evident topographical feature is the Maya Mountains that occur along the Columbia Forest Reserve, Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary, Deep River Forest River Reserve and Bladen Nature Reserves. Other topographical features includes karst limestone hills, caves, sinkholes and draining basins at the base of the Maya Mountains which feed surrounding water bodies and watersheds.
Habitats.
The terrestrial component of the Maya Golden Landscape comprises habitats of spectacular diversity and variety. The karst limestone hills of the Maya Mountains down to the Caribbean Sea are evidence of possible stream action within the hills. Habitats to be encountered in the terrestrial component of the landscape includes tropical rainforests, pine savannas, coastal wetlands and mangrove forests.
The Marine component of this landscape is most recognizable for its protected barrier reefs. Recognised under the Meso-American Barrier Reef System, the Barrier Reef is a keystone agent in maintaining and protecting the marine environment for endangered marine species.
Disturbance history.
Fires and Hurricanes.
The first fires documented are from the period from the years 1998 to 2001. The fires are usually ignited during the dry season, which is generally from March to May, as means of preparation for crops and may often escape into surrounding farms and nearby forests, especially if the season and conditions adequate. The areas damaged by this fires appears insignificant in the story map; however, they do matter. According to the statistics 550.521 hectares were affected by the fires in 1998, 453.43 hectares in 1999, 388.26 hectares in 2000 and 6.39 hectares in 2001.
During the period of 2002-2007, approximately 11,907 hectares of forest as damaged by fire. A major contributor to the spike in fire damage was Hurricane Iris which passed directly through the area in October 2001 leaving dead vegetation in its path. This dead vegetation dried out during the dry season and covered the forest floor. This dried dead vegetation served as fuel for the fires in 2002, which occurred next to a large savanna area, and 2003, in the hills behind Golden Stream. Other fires areas that burnt in 2003 burnt again in 2005, but the burnt area extended beyond the boundary of 2003 fire scar.
The fires from the period of the years 2008-2015 damaged an estimated 5078 hectares of forest. In 2008 significant large fire scars were detected. This fire scars were in the same area which was affected by fires in 2003 and 2005, but this time the fire extended further beyond these previous fire scar boundaries and further into the forest. There were also fires that burnt the karstic ridges west of Golden Stream and Medina Bank which had already been burnt by fires in 2003; however, this fires didn’t extend beyond the 2003 fire scars areas. In 2013, numerous fire scars were detected in the severe dry season of that year. Many large fires were detected to had escaped form agricultural areas. Some areas that had been previously burnt were re-burnt. A large fire scar was present on the map and it seemed that it probably escaped from an isolated farm in the forest waste of Indian Creek. Another fire escaped from the South-East of Tambram. The fires that occurred in 2013 show that much more of the forest/agricultural area is susceptible to burning in very severe dry seasons, compared with an average or mild dry season.
Importance.
The Maya Golden Landscape in southern Belize is one of the country’s largest areas of intact tropical broadleaf forest. The Landscape itself is produced by a mosaic of protected areas placed together in order to establish a wildlife corridor that eases the movement of wildlife within included areas. With over 250 species of birds, 93 species of mammals,
and 92 species of reptiles and amphibians in one of the major protected areas located within it, the landscape serves as a biodiversity conservation hotspot. Part of the conservation achievements of the Maya Golden Landscape includes the internationally recognized Jaguar reserve at the Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary


Joshua Powell

Joshua John Powell CF (born 16 July 1993) is a British conservation biologist. He is one of the faces of WWF's #WWFVoices campaign on global biodiversity.
Education.
Powell attended Cranbrook School, Kent. Powell subsequently attended the University of Nottingham and graduated with a first-class Honours Bachelor of Science degree in Geography in 2014, before receiving a Thouron Award to complete his master's degree at the University of Pennsylvania.
Career.
Powell received a UK Churchill Fellowship in 2017 to study island conservation strategy in Australia, New Zealand and Fiji, followed by South Georgia and the Falkland Islands. In 2021, Powell produced and featured in "Saving Britain's Islands", a short educational film on island conservation, funded by the British Ecological Society. The film featured conservation projects in New Zealand and South Georgia.
Powell then received a grant from the National Geographic Society to establish Rangers Without Borders, a conservation research program he subsequently founded with Peter Coals, a friend from the Wildlife Conservation Research Unit (WildCRU) at the University of Oxford, with Powell becoming a National Geographic Explorer.
Powell is one of the faces of WWF's #WWFVoices campaign on global biodiversity, for which he has hosted series on polar science and Arctic conservation in Svalbard and Arctic Russia, island and marine conservation in the North Atlantic and biodiversity in South Georgia. Powell featured in promotional videos for Earth Hour in 2019 and 2021, appearing alongside other youth advocates and Australian actress, Margot Robbie.
In 2020, Powell became an advisor for The Queen's Commonwealth Trust, a charity that funds, champions and assists the projects of youth advocates throughout the Commonwealth.
Awards and honours.
Powell received a UK Churchill Fellowship in 2017, receiving the honorific CF in 2019.
In 2019, Powell was awarded the Scientific Exploration Society's Explorer Award for Inspiration & Scientific Trail-blazing. In 2021, Powell was named one of the Explorers Club 50: Fifty people changing the world.


Hopea gregaria

Hopea gregaria is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is endemic to Indonesia, including Buru island. It is an endangered species threatened by habitat loss.


Green Corps

Green Corps is an environmental organization in the United States that trains recent college graduates in a one-year post-graduate program in grassroots community organizing. During the program, Green Corps organizers learn in the classroom and are deployed in the field to work on campaigns.
Founding.
Green Corps was founded in 1992 by Leslie Samuelrich and Gina Cummings with the financial backing of U.S. Public Interest Research Group in response to the momentum created by Earth Day 1990. Green Corps was created to channel young talent into environmental advocacy causes.
Campaign history.
Green Corps is hired by non-profits such as the Sierra Club to manage their campaigns in the field. Campaigns Green Corps has worked on include:
Funding.
In 2014, a donation of $200,000 was given by Green Corps to the Center for Public Interest Research, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization.
In 2015, Green Corps paid $240,480 to the Fund for the Public Interest for “program and fundraising support”.
Leadership.
Executive Directors.
Executive Directors of Green Corps have included:
Board of Directors.
The current Green Corps Board of Directors includes:


Po Delta Interregional Park

The Po Delta Interregional Park is a proposed agency for a joint administration of the two Po Delta Regional Parks now separately administered by Veneto and Emilia-Romagna regions. The new agency will operate in concert with the Italian Ministry of the Environment in order to better protect the river Po and its basin in the provinces of Rovigo and of Ferrara.
History.
Years of controversies and diatribe initially prevented to the two regional administrations and the provincial and communal administrations finally led to a combined management agreement for the protected area of the delta of the Po, defined as being of irreplaceable natural, landscape and historical interest. The Po Delta, a World Heritage Site, is also a centre of strong economic interests. For instance there are immense areas of peach breeding and cultivation, energy production centered at the thermoelectric plant at Porto Tolle and tourist interests.


Sixty Dome Mosque

The Sixty Dome Mosque ( "Shaṭ Gombuj Moshjid"; more commonly known as "Shait Gambuj Mosque" or "Saith Gunbad Masjid"), is a mosque in Bangladesh. It is a part of the Mosque City of Bagerhat, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is the largest mosque in Bangladesh from the sultanate period (1204-1576). It was built during the Bengal Sultanate by Ulugh Khan Jahan, the governor of the Sundarbans. It has been described as "one of the most impressive Muslim monuments in the whole of the Indian subcontinent."
History.
In the middle of the 15th century, a Muslim colony was founded in the mangrove forest of the Sundarbans, near the coast in the Bagerhat District by a saint-General, named Khan Jahan Ali. He preached in an affluent city during the reign of Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah, then known as 'Khalifatabad'. Khan Jahan adorned this city with more than a dozen mosques, the ruins of which are focused around the most imposing and largest multi-domed mosques in Bangladesh, known as the Shait-Gumbad Masjid (160'×108'). The construction of the mosque was started in 1442 and it was completed in 1459. The mosque was used for prayers, and also as a madrasha and assembly hall.
Location.
It is located in Bagerhat district in southern Bangladesh which is in Khulna Division. It is about from the main town of Bagerhat. Bagerhat is nearly from Dhaka which is the capital of Bangladesh.
Style.
The 'Sixty Dome' Mosque has walls of unusually thick, tapered brick in the Tughlaq style and a hut-shaped roofline that anticipates later styles. The mosque has an oblong plan of 148'6" x 101'4" externally and 123'3" x 76'2" internally. There are 77 low domes arranged in seven rows of eleven, and one dome on each corner, bringing the total to 81 domes. There are four towers. Two of four towers were used to call the azaan. The interior is divided into many aisles and bays by slender columns, which culminate in numerous arches that support the roof.
The mosque has 77 squat domes with 7 four-sided pitched Bengali domes in the middle row. The vast prayer hall, although provided with 11 arched doorways on east and 7 each on north and south for ventilation and light, presents a dark and somber appearance inside. It is divided into 7 longitudinal aisles and 11 deep bays by a forest of 60 slender stone columns, from which springs rows of endless arches, supporting the domes. thick, slightly tapering walls and hollow and round, almost detached corner towers, resembling the bastions of fortress, each capped by small rounded cupolas, recall the Tughlaq architecture of Delhi. The western wall has eleven mihrabs on the interior where ten are blind and the central one is projected on the exterior. The mosque represents wonderful archeological beauty which was the signature in the 15th century.
Sixty domes or sixty columns.
The mosque is locally known as the 'Shat Gombuj Masjid', which in Bengali means Sixty Domed Mosque. However, there are 77 domes over the main hall and exactly 60 stone pillars. It is possible that the mosque was originally referred to as the Sixty Pillared Mosque where Amud (شصت عمؤد ) meaning column in Arabic/Persian, later got corrupted to Gombuj (গম্বুজ) in Bengali, which means domes.


Minquiers

The Minquiers ("Les Minquiers"; in Jèrriais: "Les Mîntchièrs" ; known as "the Minkies" in local English) are a group of islands and rocks, about south of Jersey. The Minquiers forms part of the Bailiwick of Jersey.
They are administratively part of the Parish of Grouville.
At low tide, the rock shelf around the Minquiers has a larger surface area than Jersey itself but at high tide only a few of the main heads remain above water. The largest of these is Maîtresse, which is about long and wide and has about ten stone cottages in various states of repair; these are the most southerly buildings in the British Isles. However, they have no permanent inhabitants, though fishermen, vraic (seaweed used for fertilizer) collectors, yachtsmen, kayakers, and even radio amateurs make summer landfall.
In August 2018, one of the twenty buildings on the islands was sold to private individuals using a Jersey company. Only five sales have been recorded in 50 years.
Name.
The etymology of the name is disputed, and could either come from the Breton language "minihi" meaning a sanctuary, or from "minkier" meaning a seller of fish.
Islets.
The most significant islands in the group are:
Others include:
History.
Thousands of years ago, around the time of the last glacial period, when sea level was lower, the Channel Islands were high ground on the plain connecting the European Continent and southern England.
In 933 AD, the Duchy of Normandy annexed the islets, along with the other Channel Islands and the Cotentin Peninsula. After William, Duke of Normandy conquered England in 1066, the islands remained united to the Duchy until Philip Augustus conquered mainland Normandy in 1204. In 1259 Henry III did homage to the French king for the Channel Islands. Edward III, in the 1360 Treaty of Brétigny, waived his claims to the crown of France and to Normandy, but reserved various other territories to England, including the Channel Islands.
The "1911 Britannica" says that Maîtresse Île "affords a landing and shelter for fishermen."
End of World War Two.
A small company of Wehrmacht soldiers on the Minquiers were among the last to surrender in the Second World War. A French fishing boat, skippered by Lucian Marie, approached the island of Minquiers and anchored nearby. A fully armed German soldier approached and asked for help saying "We've been forgotten by the British, perhaps no one on Jersey told them we were here, I want you to take us over to England, we want to surrender". This was on 23 May 1945, three weeks after the war in Europe ended.
Death of former French Prime Minister.
In a noted incident in July 1970, the former French Prime Minister Félix Gaillard, who served in that office from 1957 until 1958, disappeared during a yachting journey; his body was found in the sea off Les Miniquiers some days after his disappearance.
Resolution of disputed status.
In 1950 Britain and France went to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) for friendly discussions to decide to which country the Minquiers and Ecrehos belonged. The French fished in the waters, but Jersey exercised various administrative rights. The ICJ considered the historical evidence, and in its judgment of 17 November 1953 awarded the islands to Jersey (as represented by the United Kingdom).
In 1998 some French 'invaded' the Minquiers on behalf of the 'King of Patagonia' in 'retaliation' for the British occupation of the Falkland Islands. The Union Jack was restored the next day.
Les Minquiers in literature.
Notably, The Minquiers are mentioned at length by Victor Hugo in his novel "Toilers of the Sea". He mentions how treacherous they are, and says that their combined area is bigger than mainland Jersey itself. Hugo lived in both Guernsey and Jersey at various points in his life, and so was familiar with local lore.
The British/French dispute over Les Minquiers is a plot element in Nancy Mitford's novel "Don't Tell Alfred", as an occasional cause for dispute between the 'two old ladies' - France and Britain.
The Minquiers feature in the seafaring adventure novel "The Wreck of the Mary Deare", by Hammond Innes, and its 1959 film adaptation.
Protection.
The Minquiers are designated protected under the Ramsar convention.


HaSharon Park

HaSharon Park (פארק השרון) is an Israeli national park located alongside Highway 4 with the entrance to it going through the Hadera West Railway Station.
History.
The park consists of a large forest full of carob and Mount Tabor oak trees. It is bordered by the Alexander Stream National Park.
The park also consists of a remnant of the swamps which used to cover the whole region, prevented the cultivation of the land, and caused malaria disease. These swamps were dried out. The park contains many eucalyptus trees which were planted there in the early twentieth century in order to dry out the swamps.


Trinidad, Cuba

Trinidad () is a town in the province of Sancti Spíritus, central Cuba. Together with the nearby Valle de los Ingenios, it has been a UNESCO World Heritage site since 1988.
History.
Trinidad was founded on December 23, 1514 by Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar under the name Villa de la Santísima Trinidad.
Hernán Cortés recruited men for his expedition from Juan de Grijalva's home in Trinidad, and Sancti Spíritus, at the start of his 1518 expedition. This included Pedro de Alvarado and his five brothers. After ten days, Cortes sailed, the alcayde Francisco Verdugo failing to prevent Cortes from leaving, despite orders from Diego Velázquez.
The Narvaez Expedition landed at Trinidad in 1527 en route to Florida. Caught in a hurricane, the expedition lost two ships, twenty horses and sixty men to the violent storm.
Francisco Iznaga, a Basque landowner in the southern portion of Cuba during the first 30 years of the colonization of Cuba, was elected Mayor of Bayamo in 1540. Iznaga was the originator of a powerful lineage which finally settled in Trinidad where the "Torre Iznaga" (Iznaga Tower) is. His descendants fought for the independence of Cuba and for annexation to the U.S., from 1820 to 1900.
Trinidad is one of the best-preserved cities in the Caribbean from the time when the sugar trade was the main industry in the region.
Geography.
The town proper is divided into the "barrios" (quarters) of Primero, Segundo and Tercero. The whole municipality counts the "consejos populares" (villages) of Aguacate, Cabagán, Caracusey, Casilda, Guaniquical, Río de Ay, San Francisco, San Pedro, and Táyaba.
Economy.
Nowadays, Trinidad's main industry is tobacco processing. The older parts of town are well preserved, as the Cuban tourism industry sees benefit from tour groups. In contrast, some parts of town outside the tourist areas are very run down and in disrepair, especially in the centre. Tourism from Western nations is major source of income in the city.
Tourism.
The city is located on the Caribbean coast near the Escambray Mountains.
Culture.
Town.
The Plaza Mayor of Trinidad is a plaza and an open-air museum of Spanish Colonial architecture. Only a few square blocks in size, the historic plaza area has cobblestone streets, houses in pastel colors with wrought-iron grilles, and colonial-era edifices such as the "Santísima Trinidad Cathedral" and "Convento de San Francisco". The Municipal History Museum is in town also.
There are several "casas de musica", including one next to the cathedral in Plaza Major. There are also discothèques, including one in the ruins of a church; another is in a large cave formerly used as a war time hospital.
Region.
The Valley of the Sugar Mills—"Valle de los Ingenios", also a World Heritage Site, has around 70 historic sugar cane mills. They represent the importance of sugar to the Cuban economy since the 18th century.
The valley has "la Torre Iznaga", a tower built by Alejo Iznaga Borrell in 1816.
 from the city is Topes de Collantes, one of Cuba's premier ecotourism centres. Another attraction is the Casilda Bay, which attracts both snorkelers and divers.
A nearby islet has pristine beaches. Ancón Beach—"Playa Ancón", is a white sand beach and was one of the first new resorts to be developed in Cuba following the 1959 revolution. Along the Ancón Peninsula are three hotels: Hotel Costa Sur (South Coast Hotel), Hotel Ancón, and Brisas Trinidad del Mar.
Demographics.
In 2004, the municipality of Trinidad had a population of 73,466. With a total area of , it has a population density of .


Guanacaste Conservation Area

Guanacaste Conservation Area is an administrative area which is managed by the Sistema Nacional de Areas de Conservacion (SINAC) of Costa Rica for conservation in the northwestern part of Costa Rica. It contains three national parks, as well as wildlife refuges and other nature reserves. The area contains the Area de Conservación Guanacaste World Heritage Site, which comprises four areas.
Geography.
The Guanacaste Conservation Area, located in Northwest Costa Rica, is a expanse of protected land and sea. It extends from out in the Pacific Ocean to about inland, ending in the Costa Rican lowlands near the Atlantic Ocean.
Terrestrial areas.
Across this large area, four of the five major tropical ecosystems are found: marine/coastal, dry forest, rainforest, and cloud forest. Desert is the only ecosystem type not represented. This protected area contains the largest amount of dry forest from Mexico to Panama. The area's altitude ranges from sea level to above sea level at the peak of the dormant Santa María volcano. Four other volcanoes are found in the entire Guanacaste Conservation Area: the Cacoa, Orosí, and Rincón de la Vieja volcanoes are active, while the Cerro Von Seebach volcano lies dormant.
Aquatic areas.
There are at least 32 rivers and 16 streams that originate close to the Rincón de la Vieja volcano and flow into the Tempisque River watershed. As part of the Zapandí Riverine Wetlands reserve, this watershed is of great ecological and agricultural value, providing habitat for aquatic organisms and a source of irrigation for farming land. Other aquatic and semi-aquatic areas that the Guanacaste Conservation Area span are open marine zones, marine islands, many of which are uninhabited, rocky coasts, dune systems, and beaches, including of sea turtle nesting grounds.
Areas of unique value are the Bahía Potrero Grande and the Laguna Respingue located in the southern peninsula of Santa Elena. These wetlands have both been listed as important sites by The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, or the Ramsar Convention. Bahía Potrero Grande is the only intact mangrove ecosystem throughout the dry forest of Central America's Pacific coast, and Laguna Respingue is the only freshwater lake proximate to the ocean throughout Costa Rica and Central America's Pacific north.
History.
Land use.
Guanacaste Conservation Area is a conglomeration of several national parks and other natural areas. Over time, more areas have been protected as the ecological importance and uniqueness of different ecosystems were realized. Much of the acquired land was subjected to human use for around 400 years. Such activities included deforestation, agriculture, hunting, and animal grazing. A major issue with this was fire spreading from the new grasslands that resulted from land clearing to the remaining tropical dry forest fragments. Today, the Guanacaste area has experienced some successful secondary forest re-growth. After forests were heavily felled due to increased colonization and a growing beef industry between the 1950s and 1980s, Guanacaste tropical dry forest cover expanded to 47.9% in 2005.
Formation.
Guanacaste Conservation Area started with the creation of the Santa Rosa National Park in 1971 under the Executive Decree 1562-A/71. In 1973, the Rincón de la Vieja National Park was created under law No. 5398. In 1988, Junquillal Bay Wildlife Refuge was donated and incorporated into the conservation area. Originally proposed by Dr. Daniel H. Janzen and his wife, Winnie Hallwachs, in 1986, Guanacaste National Park was established in 1989 by Executive Decree 19124-MIRENEM/89. 1989 also saw the creation of Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG). This area is composed of Santa Rosa National Park, Rincón de la Vieja National Park, Junquillal Bay Wildlife Refuge, and Guanacaste National Park. The most recent addition to this grouping is the Santa Elena Sector, added in 2004. The ACG was legally added as a part of the National System of Conservation Areas (SINAC) in 1994 by Executive Decree 22909.
Aside from the areas that are part of the Área de Conservación Guanacaste, the entire Guanacaste Conservation Area has had more additions to it throughout its history. In 1987, the Murciélago Islands archipelago and of ocean extending out from the Santa Elena Peninsula were added to ACG. Also in 1987 was the incorporation of of donated experimental forest stations. Further adding to the protected area was the acquisition of of farms with forests and pastures between the Cacao and Rincón de la Vieja volcanos. This great level of historical (and ongoing) land acquisition results in the Guanacaste Conservation Area housing a plethora of plant and animals species; it is approximated that it protects approximately 2.4% of the world’s terrestrial biodiversity (around 375,000 species).
The Área de Conservación Guanacaste has been praised by scientists as a successful example of upgrading protected areas, a process in which conservation areas are expanded via the acquisition of new territory while also providing benefits to neighboring communities of people.
Local flora and fauna.
Fauna.
The Guanacaste Conservation Area has a highly diverse set of fauna. There are about 500 bird species, 100 reptile species and an estimated 140 species of mammals, 40 of which are bat species. Invertebrate diversity is also very high in this area; as of 2014 it was estimated that there were 20,000 species of beetles, 8,000 species of butterflies and moths, and 13,000 species of ants, bees and wasps present.
Some of the mammal species present include the Central American tapir, jaguar, margay, ocelot, jaguarundi, white-faced capuchin, howler monkey, spider monkey, collared anteater, white-lipped peccary, collared peccary and ring-tailed coati. The Central American tapir, also known as Baird’s tapir, has a conservation status of endangered and the white-lipped peccary is considered vulnerable.
Some bird species present include the keel-billed toucan, elegant trogon, white-throated magpie-jay, blue-winged teal, laughing falcon, mangrove hummingbird, great curassow, jabiru, roseate spoonbill and the scarlet macaw. Both the military macaw and the great curassow have a conservation status of vulnerable. The mangrove hummingbird is considered endangered.
Some interesting reptile species that inhabit this area include the American crocodile, spectacled caiman, the critically endangered leatherback sea turtle, and the vulnerable olive ridley sea turtle.
Rare species include a fish in the genus "Poeciliopsis" described in 2008; this freshwater species is endemic to the Potrero Grande river system.
Flora.
Alongside the diverse fauna, a highly diverse flora is also present in the conservation area. It is estimated that there are over 7,000 species of plants in this area. Of them, about 3,000 species are orchids and other epiphytic plants. The most notable species present is probably the Guanacaste tree, "Enterolobium cyclocarpum", which is Costa Rica’s national tree. Many types of plant communities make up the conservation area. These communities include mangroves, lowland rainforest, cloud forest, dry forest, savannah, oak forest, evergreen gallery forest, and pre-montane humid forest.
Part of the conservation area is composed of dry forest habitat. The majority of the trees in this area (80%) will drop their leaves during the dry season. These trees will remain bare for three to five months. The leaf litter provides nutrients and habitat on the forest floor which leads to a higher diversity of species. In recent decades, there have been efforts to restore dry forest habitats in the province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, which is where the conservation area is located.
Conservation efforts.
World Heritage Site.
In 1999, the area was admitted as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. According to UNESCO, "it contains important natural habitats for the conservation of biological diversity, including the best dry forest habitats from Central America to northern Mexico and key habitats for endangered or rare plant and animal species. The site demonstrates significant ecological processes in both its terrestrial and marine coastal environments."
Biological Education Program.
The Guanacaste Conservation Area provides students with the opportunity to learn about three different types of ecosystems and the living organisms that inhabit these places. Dry forest, coastal region, and wet forest are among the different ecosystems that Guanacaste has to offer for the Biological Education Program. Neighboring schools take scheduled visits to the conservation area for the sole purpose of acquiring knowledge by hands-on learning. The program works with 53 surrounding schools, with most park visitors being in grades 4th through 6th. The goal of this program is for humans to coexist with their biological surroundings, and for people to use personal experience to become more sensitive to the importance of biology and ecology.
Marine Biosensitivity Program.
The Marine Biosensitivity Program at Guanacaste Conservation Area introduces students to marine life through interactive studies and instructs them on how to conserve and improve the aquatic environment. Summer camps are held between January and April at the bat sector. This area is great for river and beach access, as well as being rich with resources that help with certain educational activities. Researching specific marine species and learning the natural history of the living organisms in the area are a few of the many activities that students participate in to engage with their surroundings.
Environmental Education Program.
The purpose of the program is to use education to instill the ideas of environmental conservation and protection in students. Workshops are provided for students to create and plan different projects that aim to preserve the tropical forests. Some projects that have been conducted include science fairs, waste separation, and the use of waste materials in arts and crafts. Each project is either centered around or develops, a topic that deals with the environment. Some topics include the importance of water, recycling, and natural resources.
Ecotourism program.
The ecotourism program allows visitors to explore the area of Guanacaste and its attractions while learning about the conservation of the ecosystems. The program aims to make tourism a part of the conservation effort, while also informing visitors of the biodiversity that the park has to offer. Planning and management examine tourist sites to fit the needs of both the tourists and the environment. The information section writes brochures and pamphlets that visitors can use while exploring the conservation area. With the efforts put in by both management and tourists, Guanacaste Conservation Area can use its natural surroundings for both pleasurable and educational purposes.
Research program.
The ACG has a research program that is intended to help researchers on their scientific projects. The research program allows people to use the conservation area to study organisms and their habitat as long as they abide by the rules of protection. Any research project is welcome to the program, and at least 20 projects are started every year. There are two coordinators of the park who support and guide students, and researchers, on their projects. By working with researchers that study in Guanacaste, the people from the park gain new knowledge and scientific information in conservation efforts, as well as biodiversity, every year. A volunteer organization, known as Investigadores ACG (iACG), also helps individuals in their research process by providing online tools and information about the Conservation area.
Other programs that are a part of the conservation area include the Fire Protection program and the Restoration and Forestry Program. The Fire Protection program works to protect the natural resources of the park, as well as stop fires in the protected areas. The purpose of the Restoration and Forestry program is to conserve different plant species and to reforest parts of the conservation area that have been burned or damaged by outside factors.


Geoff Holloway

Geoff Holloway is an Australian sociologist, author, poet, conservationist and political activist.
He is a sociologist, as well as activist within the United Tasmania Group in its earlier iteration, and later.
He was one of the individuals present at the meeting that adopted the change of name, while retaining the same focuses, of the South West Tasmania Action Committee to the Tasmanian Wilderness Society in 1976.
He is also author of works about conservation and environment groups in Tasmania.
As UTG secretary from 2018 up until 2020, he also has expressed views that reflect upon earlier environmental issues, such as the Lake Pedder issue with the Mount wellington Cable Car, ecotourism, other articles in The UTG Journal. He also has an extensive list of research publications covering social movements, education, medical sociology, gender dysphoria, ecocentrism, tourism and fado. Holloway has been criticized for his association with groups and individuals that oppose transgender rights, and has labeled transgender activists "misogynistic" and "self-serving."


Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park

Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park (Sotho: "Musi oa Thunya" [Mosi wa Tunya] "The Smoke Which Thunders"), is a UNESCO World Heritage site that is home to one half of the Mosi-oa-Tunya "— 'The Smoke Which Thunders' —" known worldwide as Victoria Falls on the Zambezi River. The river forms the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe, so the falls are shared by the two countries, and the park is 'twin' to the Victoria Falls National Park on the Zimbabwean side.
‘Mosi-oa-Tunya’ comes from the Kololo or Lozi language and the name is now used throughout Zambia, and in parts of Zimbabwe.
Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park covers from the Songwe Gorge below the falls in a north-west arc along about 20 km of the Zambian river bank. It forms the south-western boundary of the city of Livingstone and has two main sections, each with separate entrances: a wildlife park at its north-western end, and the land adjacent to the immense and awe-inspiring Victoria Falls, which in the rainy season is the world's largest curtain of falling water. It extends downstream from the falls and to the south-east along the Batoka Gorges.
The wildlife section of the park.
The wildlife park includes tall riverine forest with palm trees, miombo woodland and grassland with plenty of birds, and animals including Angolan giraffe, Burchell's zebra, warthog, sable, Cape buffalo, impala and other antelope. Animal numbers fell in droughts over the last two decades. The park actually has ten rhinos now with the latest calf being only a month and two weeks. The park before then contained two southern white rhino which are not indigenous and were imported from South Africa - they were both poached during the night of June 6, 2007. One was shot dead and got its horn extracted, not far from the gate and the other received serious bullet wounds but has triumphed against all odds and still lives in the park under twenty four hours surveillance. As of June, 2009 the number of southern white rhino in the park has been increased to five animals with plans to introduce further animals in due course. The indigenous (black rhino) was believed extinct in Zambia but has recently been reintroduced in a pilot area) north luanwa national park. African elephants are often seen in the park when they cross the river in the dry season from the Zimbabwean side. Hippopotamus and crocodile can be seen from the river bank. Vervet monkeys and baboons are common as they are in the rest of the national park outside the wildlife section.
As of January 2009 the commercial wildlife company, Lion Encounter, has been operating a "walking with Lions" experience within the park, with further plans to start a breeding program for lions within the soon to be expanded Dambwa Forest section of the park.
Within the wildlife park is the Old Drift cemetery where the first European settlers were buried. They made camp by the river, but kept succumbing to a strange and fatal illness. They blamed the yellow/green-barked "fever trees" for this incurable malady, while all the time it was the malarial mosquito causing their demise. Before long the community moved to higher ground and the town of Livingstone emerged.
The Falls section of the park.
The Falls section of the national park includes the rainforest on the cliff opposite the Eastern Cataract which is sustained by spray from the falls. It contains plants rare for the area such as pod mahogany, ebony, ivory palm, wild date palm and a number of creepers and lianas. Small antelopes and warthogs inhabit this area, and may also be seen in on the paths through the riverine forest leading to the falls.
In November 2005 a new statue of explorer David Livingstone was erected in the park (the original and more famous Livingstone statue is on the Zimbabwean side). A plaque was also unveiled on Livingstone Island to mark the spot from where Livingstone was the first European to see the falls.
The Knife-Edge Bridge was constructed in this area in the 1960s to enable access on foot to the cliffs looking over the Rainbow Falls and the First Gorge's exit to the Boiling Pot in the Second Gorge. A steep footpath also goes down to the Boiling Pot, with views of the Second Gorge and the Victoria Falls Bridge.
In the area directly before the river plunges over Victoria Falls, there is a small undeveloped stretch of the park which is currently the only riverfront location that can be accessed without paying a fee. It is a crucial location for elephants to cross the river.
The tops of the deep gorges below the falls can be reached by road and walking tracks through the park and are good places to see klipspringers, clawless otters and 35 species of raptors such as the Taita falcon, black eagle, peregrine falcon and augur buzzard, which all breed there.
Notes.
This park is considered for inclusion in the five-nation Kavango - Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area.


Kazakh Agency of Applied Ecology

Since 1996, the Kazakhstan Agency of Applied Ecology (KAAE), has been carrying out its activities as an independent organization in the sphere of environmental protection in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
KAPE LLC is an independent consulting and engineering company working in the industrial sector in the sphere of environmental protection.
The company was registered in the Republic of Kazakhstan in 1996, with offices in Astana, Aktau, Atyrau and Aktobe, and has a solid base of material resources and a staff of qualified experts.
Substantial experience has been achieved in development and implementation of national and international projects consisting of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Environmental Protection(EP) Sections, standardization projects, water conservation projects, development of standardizing and methodological documentation and more. Intimate knowledge of national requirements for ecological safety and competence of staff guarantees a qualified resolution of tasks assigned. The company's activities are certified to meet the requirements of international standards ISO:9001,ISO:14001 and OHSAS:18001.


Robert S. Arbib Jr.

Robert Simeon Arbib Jr. (March 17, 1915 – July 20, 1987) was an American ornithologist, writer and conservationist. From 1970 to 1984 he was editor of "American Birds," the magazine of the National Audubon Society, and was the author of several books on birds and nature, including "The Lord's Woods: The Passing of an American Woodland," which was awarded the John Burroughs Medal for the best American nature book of 1972.
Arbib was born in Gloversville, New York, and raised in Woodmere, Long Island to Edna and Robert Arbib Sr. His father was an importer who had emigrated from Cairo, and his brother Richard became a noted automotive designer. He graduated from Yale University in 1937 and served in the Army during World War II, where he was stationed mainly in France and England and wrote for the London "Daily Express". He was married to Renee Johnson on August 25, 1946.


Magoe National Park

Magoe National Park is a protected area in Tete Province, Mozambique.
The park was proclaimed in October 2013. Previously the area was an integral part of the Tchuma Tchato Community wildlife management program.
Location.
The park is in area and is situated on the southern banks of the giant Cahora Bassa Dam.


Sugut River

The Sugut River () is a river in Sandakan Division, northeastern Sabah of Malaysia. It has a total length of from its headwaters in the mountains of northwest Sabah to its outlet at the Sulu Sea, northeastern of Beluran town. Its source is originated from the mountains in the eastern slopes of Mount Kinabalu National Park in Ranau District, which part of the Mount Kinabalu system.
Conservation efforts.
Some of the distinctive features include the dry land forest on sandstone hills, riverine forests and oxbow lakes where it become the natural breeding ground for an abundance of wildlife, including macaques, mousedeer, muntjac, orangutan, proboscis monkeys, sambar deer, silvered langurs, sun bear, wild pig as well as variety of bird species including 43 species of freshwater fish. The Trusan Sugut of the river mouth is part of the Sugut Conservation Area (SCA) which is gazetted as a Class II commercial forest and reclassified as a Class I Protection Forest on 24 December 2014. In 2015, the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) recording the importance of the waterway for villagers as part of a three-year freshwater ecosystem conservation project of the WWF.
Features.
The river flows from the Mount Kinabalu system through an extensive alluvial plain before arriving at the Sulu Sea. Along the river also located the Trusan Sugut Forest Reserve.


Mizhrichynskyi Regional Landscape Park

Mizhrichynskyi Regional Landscape Park () is the largest regional landscape park in Ukraine. It was founded in 2002 near the village Otrokhy in Kozelets Raion (currently in Chernihiv Raion) of Chernihiv Oblast. It is located between two large rivers, the Dnipro and Desna, from which the park's Ukrainian name meaning "between the rivers" is derived. Mizhrichynskiy Landscape Park has an area of more than 1,000 square kilometers in the south-eastern Chernihiv region. The Desna river forms the eastern boundary of the park, while the western and southern boundaries coincide with the border of Chernihiv region. There are many swamps, bogs and lakes.
Flora and Fauna.
The forest is mostly pine trees. The large wild area provides a habitat to many animals. There are many larger mammals in Mizhrichynskiy RLP such as red fox, moose, wolf, lynx, deer, roe deer, wild boar and others. There are 241 bird species, including 145 breeding species. White-tailed eagle, short-toed eagle, lesser spotted eagle, black kite, black stork, crane, black woodpecker, white-backed woodpecker and a lot of other rare birds breed here. It also provides important habitats for variety of fish and insects. There are 65 rare plant species and 74 rare animal species in Mizhrichynskiy regional landscape park. There are two Important Bird Areas within Mizhrichynskyi Regional Landscape Park.


Wadi El Rayan

Wadi El Rayan is a unique nature protectorate in Faiyum Governorate, Egypt, under the supervision of the Ministry of Environmental Affairs (EEAA).
Geography.
The valley of Wadi El-Rayan is an area of 1759 km2, 113 km2 of which are the dominating water body of the Wadi El Rayan lakes. It is located about 65 km southwest of Faiyum city and 80 km west of the Nile River. The Wadi has been used for man-made lakes from agricultural drainage which has made a reserve of the two separate Wadi El Rayan Lakes. The reserve is composed of a 50.90 km2 upper lake and a 62.00 km2 lower lake, with waterfalls between the two. Among the springs, there are three sulphur springs at the southern side of the lower lake, with extensive mobile sand dunes. Wadi El Rayan Waterfalls are considered to be the largest waterfalls in Egypt.
At the south and southeast of the springs is Gabal Manqueer Al Rayan, where marine fossils and archeological remains are found. Gabal Madwera, near the lower lake, is known for its extensive dune formations.
In the northwest is Wadi El Hitan, a protectorate containing fossils of extinct whales.
Flora and fauna.
The vegetation is confined to inter-dune areas around springs and at the base of large dunes. The vegetation cover is made of 13 species of perennial plants and a few individuals of "Calligonum comosum" and "Zygophyllum album".
Wadi El Rayan accommodates one of the world's few remaining populations of the endangered slender-horned gazelle. The dorcas gazelle is still found in the area in small numbers, while both the fennec fox and Rüppell's fox are scarce. There are 11 species of reptiles, 9 species of mammals, 13 species of resident birds, and 26 species of migrant and vagrant birds.