Gangstas (song)

"Gangstas" is a song by American rapper Pop Smoke from his posthumous debut studio album, "Shoot for the Stars, Aim for the Moon" (2020). The song was written by Pop Smoke, known as Bashar Jackson, alongside CashMoneyAP and Swirv, who have the real names of Alex Petit and Ellis Newton, respectively, while produced by the latter two. An R&B song, its lyrics reflect on Pop Smoke claiming to be the King of New York and expressing his dislike for 6ix9ine. The song received generally positive reviews from music critics, with many comparing Pop Smoke's vocals to those of 50 Cent and saying it has G-Unit vibes. Commercially, the song reached number 37 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100, while peaking within the top 30 in Canada and Switzerland.
Background and recording.
Pop Smoke and his team were in the Bahamas recording songs mostly intended for his second mixtape "Meet the Woo 2" (2020). English producer Swirv said that Pop Smoke had saved a few songs for the album and remembered that the last song he recorded with him was "Gangstas" before his death. According to CashMoneyAP, he worked on the song's drums, while Swirv worked on the melodies, before Pop Smoke recorded his vocals. Swirv recalled they were trying to find a melody for a different sog called "Hotel Lobby", with the producer saying it had a 50 Cent vibe. He was trying some different drill beats but said it did not feel the same. Then he remembered that he had made another beat a couple of months before, and stated it also had a 50 Cent vibe. Pop Smoke liked the beat so much that he wanted to make a completely separate song; CashMoneyAP remembered they started recording the song very late at night. Pop Smoke did not want to leave until the song was finished. While the rapper was working on it, CashMoneyAP was handling post-production of the beat, because it just had keys. He wanted to add something that was going to bring a gangster to feel to it, so he decided to add some strings to the song. The song was written by Pop Smoke, known as Bashar Jackson, alongside CashMoneyAP and Swirv, who have the real names of Alex Petit and Ellis Newton, respectively. The song was produced by CashMoneyAP and Smirv.
Music and lyrics.
Musically, "Gangstas" is an R&B track. Roisin O'Connor of "The Independent" mentioned that the song has "minor piano keys looped" while Pop Smoke recalls "the soft danger" of Travis Scott's "5% Tint" (2018). "Slant Magazine" Charles Lyons-Burt said that "Gangstas" contains a "minimalist piano and snare combination". "Earmilk" Ashton Howard stated that Pop Smoke "provides what sounds like an unreleased track" from the sessions from rapper 50 Cent's debut studio album "Get Rich or Die Tryin"' (2003). Hannah Giorgis of "The Atlantic" commented that song finds Pop Smoke "characteristically gruff and cocksure".
"NME"s Dhruva Balram stated the song has a "haunting piano intro, singed synths maintain that early threat while Pop Smoke delivers his best claim yet to be the King of New York "Know what I'm sayin'? (I be in New York with the gangsters)/This the real streets shit, yeah, nigga/(I be in New York with the gangsters)/Fuckin' voice of the streets, man." According to A.D. Amorosi of "Variety", Pop Smoke raps about owning the streets of New York: "Voice of the streets, man/It's like Jesus walkin'/More Christopher Walken". At the beginning of the song, Pop Smoke raps about not liking fellow rapper 6ix9ine: "On set that's some real shit nigga/I don't want none of that extra loud shit/This ain't none of that rainbow hair shit/this the real straight shit." Wongo Okon of Uproxx wrote that Pop Smoke "present[s] hard-nosed efforts that creep around the alleyways under the moon unfazed by the danger that lays ahead".
Release and reception.
On July 3, 2020, "Gangstas" was released as the fifth track on Pop Smoke's posthumous debut studio album "Shoot for the Stars, Aim for the Moon". Briana Younger of NPR opined that Pop Smoke sounds a lot like 50 Cent in the song. Amorosi stated that the song is "as haunting as its lyrics". He continued, saying that "it's [Pop] Smoke's melodic sensibility that makes 'Gangstas' chorus poignant and memorable", and called it "the feel-bad hit of the summer". Gary Suarez of "Entertainment Weekly" depicted the song has "next-generation G-Unit vibes". In his review for "Clash", Mike Milenko commented that Pop Smoke's "mesmerizing flow almost seems to imitate" a young 50 Cent. David Arron Blake of "HipHopDX" said the "floating piano chords and rough bars on 'Gangstas' could have easily come from a 50 Cent or G-Unit album, and match Pop [Smoke's] proven aesthetic surprisingly well".
Balram wrote the song is a "clear shot at [...] 6ix9ine's questionable self-claim to be the king of the city", and that Pop Smoke "comes back from the grave here to correct anyone who might be thinking that he won't live on in memory". David Crone of AllMusic said the song "provides a refreshing change of pace for the Brooklyn star". M.T. Richards for "Consequence of Sound" said that Pop Smoke "proves on 'Gangstas' that he can sing a hook with the best of them". In his review for "Billboard" magazine, Christine Werthman opined that the song "is the combo, tough on the outside, melodic on the inside, with a sub-three-minute delivery and a hometown shoutout on the chorus that'll make hearts swell". In a negative review, Paul Thompson of "GQ" criticized that the song "could have been pulled from any mid-period G-Unit album, with a staid piano line that gestures at menace but can't summon the energy required to sell it". Lyons-Burt said the song's "production feels mournful rather than charged".
Following the release of "Shoot for the Stars, Aim for the Moon", the song debuted and peaked at number 37 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100. It also peaked at number 18 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The song further peaked at number 16 in Canada, number 66 in Australia, number 28 in Switzerland, number 54 in France, and number 79 in Sweden.
Credits and personnel.
Credits adapted from Tidal.


Florence Carter-Wood

Florence Carter-Wood (4 September 1888 – 24 July 1914) was a British painter.
She studied at the Forbes School of Painting, founded by Stanhope Forbes and his wife Elizabeth, with her brother Joey Carter-Wood. She went to Cornwall to continue her studies, and while there she mixed with the Lamorna community. She also modeled for portraits by other members of the community, including Harold Knight.
Carter-Wood married the painter Alfred Munnings on 19 January 1912. She first attempted suicide while they were on their honeymoon, and Munnings later stated that the marriage had never been consummated. Carter-Wood subsequently developed a close relationship with Munnings' friend, Captain Gilbert Evans, a Welsh army officer and local land agent. Munnings, meanwhile, was close to Harold Knight's wife Laura, herself an artist. Evans, though not an artist, had become closely involved with the Lamorna community and referred to Carter-Wood in his diary by the nickname "Blote".
In July 1914, after Evans had left for colonial service in Nigeria, Carter-Wood killed herself by taking cyanide.
Legacy.
Her death was the subject of a scandal and Munnings is said never to have spoken of her again. She is buried at Sancreed churchyard, with a headstone that reads “Edith Florence - "Blote" – Wife of A. J. Munnings - Sep. 4 1888 – July 24 1914”. Her brother Joey was killed in action in 1915 during the First World War.
Alfred Munnings' paintings of his wife, including "Portrait of Florence Munnings at Sunset", painted in the year of their marriage, have been exhibited at the Penlee House Gallery in Cornwall.
In popular culture.
Carter-Wood is played by Emily Browning in the 2013 film "Summer in February", which is based on the novel of the same name by Jonathan Smith.


Asya Rolls

Asya Rolls is an Israeli psychoneuroimmunologist and International Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator and an associate professor at the Immunology and Center of Neuroscience at Technion within the Israel Institute of Technology. Rolls leads a lab that explores how the nervous system affects immune responses and thus physical health. Her recent work has highlighted how the brain’s reward system is implicated in the placebo response and how brain-immune interactions can be harnessed to find and destroy tumors.
Early life and education.
Rolls completed her undergraduate degree in Life Sciences at the Technion within the Israel Institute of Technology. After she obtained a Bachelors of Science, Rolls stayed in the department of Physical Chemistry at the Israel Institute of Technology for her Master’s.
Following her Master’s, Rolls pursued her graduate studies at the Weizmann Institute in Israel. Rolls pursued research in neuroimmunology under the mentorship Michal Schwartz within the Department of Neuroscience and Ofer Lider in the Department of immunology. Her graduate work focused on exploring how the immune system impacts neurogenesis and brain repair. Rolls explored the role of Toll-like Receptors in neurogenesis and found that TLR2 and TLR4 play opposing roles in the proliferation of new hippocampal neurons. TLR2 seemed to promote neurogenesis and TLR4 seemed to impair neurogenesis, all through MyD88 signalling. Rolls then explored the neurogenesis in pregnancy, to understand by learning and memory impairments are common in pregnant women.  Rolls completed her PhD in 2007.
In 2008, Rolls received the Fulbright Scholarship which allowed her to pursue her postdoctoral training at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. She worked in the Department of Psychiatry under the mentorship of Luis de Lecea and Craig Heller , exploring the impact of sleep on brain homeostasis and memory. Rolls first used optogenetics to dissect the role of sleep in memory consolidation. By activating orexin neurons optogenetically, Rolls was able to fragment sleep after learning and found that this impacted memory the following day. Interestingly, the memory impairment only occurred if the minimal unit of uninterrupted sleep was below 62% of the normal. Rolls later explored the importance of sleep in fear memory consolidation. She found that specifically preventing protein synthesis during sleep caused decreases in fear memory formation highlighting the role of sleep in memory consolidation. To further show the impact that sleep can have on health, Rolls and her team explored the role of sleep in the engraftment and implantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in mice. They found that sleep deprivation significantly decreased the expression of suppressor of cytokine signalling gene which impaired the migration and homing of HSCs. Their findings emphasized the importance of sleep in the success of bone marrow transplantation.
Career and research.
In 2012, Rolls was appointed to group leader at the Technion at the Israel Institute of Technology. She is now an assistant professor in the Rappaport Medical School and is the principal investigator of the Rolls Lab. Roll’s lab explores the connection between the brain and the immune system. She specifically focuses on how the biological mechanisms underlying emotions and cognition affect immune function and physical health. One innovation that the Rolls Lab pioneered is the merging of DREADDs technology with CyTOyF mass-cytometry to enable the high resolution measurements of the immune system after neuronal stimulation and inhibition. Rolls is a member of The Israel Young Academy.
Reward system and immunity.
Rolls was one of the first to establish the link between the brain’s reward system and the immune system. Her interest in this connection came from the placebo effect. The placebo effect works from the cognitive processes generating positive expectations, but how exactly these processes lead to healing or feeling better were unknown. Rolls found that using DREADDs to activate the ventral tegmental area reward circuitry lead to an increase in the innate and adaptive immune responses in mice upon exposure to bacterial insults.
Following up this study, Rolls was interested in exploring the role of cognitive processes in tumor immunity. Since regulation of immune function is important in approaching potential treatments for cancer, Rolls explored how the brain’s reward circuitry was capable of modulating tumor immunity. Strikingly, they found that using DREADDs to activate the brain’s reward the circuitry lead to decreases in tumor size and that myeloid derived suppressor cells are critical to allowing the reward system to impact tumor growth.
Characterizing immune system in the brain.
Rolls has pioneered the use of CyTOF mass cytometry in the characterization of immune cell populations in the brain. She and her team recently characterized previously unknown populations of T, B, Dendritic, and NK Cells  in the brain using this method and found that CD44 is a common marker of infiltrating immune cells. Using CyTOF analysis, Rolls and her team found that after sleep deprivation, B cells begin to infiltrate the brain parenchyma, highlighting the impacts of sleep deprivation on the immune environment in the brain.


Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice

The Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers four times a year in the field of Pharmacology. The journal's editor is Barry R. Goldspiel. It has been in publication since 1995 and is currently published by SAGE Publications in association with the International Society of Oncology and Pharmacy Practitioners.
Scope.
"The Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice" is dedicated to educating health professionals about providing pharmaceutical care to patients with cancer. The journal publishes case reports and consensus guidelines, information on new products and research reviews. "The Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice" also contains regular updates on ISOPP activities, as well as practical issues relating to oncology pharmacy and worker safety.
Abstracting and indexing.
"The Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice’’ is abstracted and indexed in the following databases:


Hidroacanthoma simplex


Disappearance of Adrien McNaughton

Adrien McNaughton (born November 4, 1966) was a five-year-old Canadian boy who went missing on June 12, 1972.
Disappearance.
While on a family fishing trip at Holmes Lake near Calabogie, Ontario, Adrien was fishing for about an hour with his father, Murray McNaughton. Adrien became tired and stopped fishing because his line was tangled. He sat down on a nearby rock, then left the lakeshore to play a short distance away. He then wandered away from his father, his two older brothers, and a friend of his father into a wooded area. The father after noticing that Adrien was missing, sent Adrien's eldest brother Lee McNaughton to the car to search for him. When Lee didn't find Adrien a search was sent out to find him. Hours later when Adrien was not found, the police were contacted. At the time of his disappearance he was wearing a blue nylon parka jacket, an orange striped shirt, brown shorts, and boots with rubber soles.
Investigation.
A massive search was conducted to find McNaughton as thousands of volunteers led by the armed forces searched the area where Adrien had gone missing. While extensive searching was conducted, no clue to his whereabouts was found.
Aftermath.
In 2009 with the use of new digital technology, his parents hoped to find him as an adult. Also in 2009 when Adrien's parents were contacted by the "Toronto Sun", his mother declined to be interviewed and referred questions to the police. A CBC original podcast called "Someone Knows Something" investigated Adrien McNaughton's disappearance, beginning in 2015. The show is hosted, written and produced by award-winning Canadian filmmaker David Ridgen, and its first episodes were released in March 2016. On April 23, 2016, as part of the investigation for SKS, five highly trained volunteers conducted a search dive of Holmes Lake, looking for the remains of McNaughton, after four separate cadaver dogs indicated that they were detecting human remains in the area. A tooth-like object and small piece of rubber that may have belonged to a shoe were uncovered under eight feet of water. The tooth-like object when examined by the police was found not to be human.


Smoking in Syria

Smoking in Syria is steadily increasing in popularity amongst the Syrian population, mainly in the forms of cigarettes or narghiles. In Syria, the General Organization of Tobacco manages the growth and exportation of tobacco products. Syrians collectively spend about $600 million per year on tobacco consumption. As of 2010, 20% of women and 60% of men smoke and 98% of the overall population is affected by passive smoking. Narghiles (also known as the hookah or water pipe) and cigarettes are the two main forms of tobacco consumption. Despite the assumption that smoking, specifically the narghile, is embedded in Syrian culture, this phenomenon has only recently become widespread. Health officials are currently working on smoking cessation programs and policies, to remove this idea that smoking in Syria is an essential part of the culture, to educate regarding health effects, and to prevent citizens from smoking in public places.
Smoking in Syrian culture and history.
The factual history of smoking in Syria is uncertain. Cannabis was common in the Middle East before the arrival of tobacco, and is known to have existed in at least 2000 BC. Tobacco use in the middle east dates back to the 16th century. Narghile use is likely to have been a longstanding middle eastern tradition but may not have been considered a Syrian staple until the narghile's popularity boom in the 1990s.
Narghile smoking is currently perceived as an important cultural feature of Syria, most notably in the city of Aleppo, while cigarette smoking is perceived as a mundane activity with little importance to cultural life. Despite the perception of Narghile being a staple of Syrian culture, Bisher Daaboul of the Syrian Society for Smoking Cessation notes that Narghiles have only been popular since the 1990s and “are not a tradition here in Syria that we have to live with and we have to protect.”
Islam and smoking.
Although Islam has no specific ban on smoking tobacco, several Islamic principles are cited in support of the religion-based banning of tobacco. Depending on the location and community, Islamic authorities have either deemed smoking as "Makruh" (to be avoided) or "Haram" (forbidden).
The Fatwa Higher Council of Syria recently reiterated the importance of the 2007 "fatwa" (Islamic legal pronouncement), issued by Syria's Grand Mufti Ahmad Badruddin Hassoun prohibiting every type of smoking, including cigarettes and narghile, as well as the selling and buying of tobacco and any affiliation with tobacco distribution.
The ruling's justification is based on the view that smoking is a slow way of committing suicide, which is strictly prohibited in the Islamic faith. The connection to suicide is in reaction to the increasing spread of the knowledge of tobacco's detrimental and potentially fatal health effects.
Appeal of Narghile smoking.
Narghile smokers generally start smoking in their early 20s as they find that the activity produces a sense of togetherness among friends and facilitates an enjoyable social situation.
The increasing prevalence of tobacco smoke in the form of the Narghile can be attributed to a variety of factors. French anthropologist Kamel Chaoucachi has isolated the three main elements of the narghile's appeal, which include “passing of the smoking hose, conversation of the actors, and the nature of time within the created situation.” These factors highlight the social benefits of smoking the Narghile and the general increase in trendiness of the experience.
Both smokers and non-smokers in Syria acknowledge that smell and taste are noteworthy appealing factors of the narghile. This mention of the narghile's sensory appeal signifies the importance of the introduction of "Maasel", a specially prepared fruit-flavored tobacco, in replacement of "Ajami", a raw unflavored tobacco, in regard to the growing popularity of the narghile. The spread of Maasel in the 1990s produced a surge in popularity for narghile smoking. In addition to providing the pleasing aroma and taste, Maasel also simplifies the process of narghile preparation in comparison to the more complex process of preparing the traditional Ajami.
Additional contributing factors to the spread of narghile use include free time and boredom of Syrian youth, social pressures, euphoric feeling after inhalation, aesthetic appeal of the narghile itself, smoking as a replacement for alcohol, widespread availability of the narghile in cafes and restaurants, and glamorization and commercialization of the practice in the media.
Appeal of cigarette smoking.
Syrian cigarette smokers tend to start smoking in their teens, either in school, amongst family members, or (for males) in military service. Cigarettes are mainly perceived as a means of stress management, coping, relaxation, and improvement in concentration.
In contrast to the positive view of smoking the Narghile, Syrian smokers tend to view cigarette smoking as a “mundane, oppressive, personal addiction.”
A main appeal for teenage males is the sense of manliness that is associated with smoking cigarettes, while a main appeal for females of all ages is the associated sense of social liberalization. Other motivations stem from curiosity and general social pressures. Cigarette smokers acknowledge that many of the social pressures that initially prompted them to smoke have long faded but that they continue to smoke because of their addiction.
Perceptions of addiction.
Cigarette smokers perceive their habits as a clear addiction. Symptoms including cravings, inability to reduce tobacco consumption, and withdrawal symptoms when attempting to quit.
Although habitual Narghile smokers are less likely than cigarette smokers to perceive their habit as an addiction, many report steadily increasing frequency and intensity of narghile use, difficulty quitting, and withdrawal symptoms when attempting to quit.
Narghile addiction tends to be more context dependent, as many who smoke it only crave it around friends or in the typical Narghile café setting. Cigarette smoking is a more personal pursuit, and desire to smoke is therefore constant regardless of the context.
Knowledge of health hazards.
Cigarette smokers generally believe that cigarettes are harmful to their own health and the health of the people around them. Cigarettes smokers are especially cognizant of the effects of second hand smoke on their family members.
Narghile smokers are generally less cognizant of the narghile's health effects on themselves and the people around them.
Anthropologists hypothesize that the Syrian public considers narghile smoke to be less dangerous than cigarette smoke due to the perceived “filtration” process that occurs as the tobacco passes through water before it gets inhaled. This hypothesis has become less popular following increasing prevalence of surveying and research, which show that Syrian narghile smokers are aware that water is not a reliable means of filtration. The social atmosphere and positive connotation of smoking the narghile is likely to overshadow the health concerns and make it ultimately seem less harmful than smoking cigarettes.
Although specifics of the health hazards of tobacco use are not widely known, Syrian students tend to generally associate smoking the narghile with an increased risk in respiratory disease while mainly associating smoking cigarettes with an increased risk of cancer.
Social implications of smoking.
Despite the prevalence of cigarette smoking in Syrian society, there is still a sense of embarrassment attached to cigarette smoking, most notably in regard to the resulting odor it produces. This lack of social acceptance of cigarette smoking is relatively new and can be viewed as a positive progression within Syrian society.
Narghile smoking, however, is generally socially acceptable. Tensions can sometimes arise between non-smoking parents and smoking children as well as between smokers and non smokers within groups of friends. Narghile smoking can sometimes cause smokers to only spend recreation time with other smokers.
Trends within groups of the Syrian population.
Gender differences.
Males in Syria smoke more than females and have a higher daily consumption rate of cigarettes. Among a sampling of Syrian professionals, smoking male schoolteachers and physicians consume about one pack per day whereas smoking female schoolteachers and physicians consume about half a pack per day. Men are more likely to be dependent on nicotine; according to surveys where dependence is measured by what time a cigarette is first smoked in the morning.
Women and smoking.
Women in Syria and across the entire Middle East are becoming increasingly vulnerable to the tobacco epidemic. In the past, Middle Eastern social customs deterred women from smoking tobacco in any form. Narghile smoking, however, is now a more acceptable activity for Syrian women and is seen as an indicator of increased socio-economic liberalization.
Abiding by traditions and cultural norms is a more popular reason for not smoking than that of health related concerns, religion, personal conviction, or economic reasons. The increased prevalence of tobacco use amongst Syrian women can therefore be seen in a positive light as it signifies increasing freedom for women in a generally male-dominated society. However, this development also brings about a new target group for tobacco companies and furthers the potential for the spread of the tobacco epidemic.
Cigarette use by Syrian women is still largely considered to be socially unacceptable.
Non-Arabs, women from urban populations, women from smaller households, and women married to non-relatives are more likely to be smokers of narghile and cigarettes than their counterparts. Christians are more likely to be smokers than Muslims, and women working for pay are more likely to smoke than those that are unemployed. Sign of the tobacco epidemic spreading to women in poorer levels of society are particularly alarming, as this is the most unlikely sector of the population to be affected.
Age and smoking habits.
Male smoking rates increase from 16% in adolescents (up to 18 years of age) to 60% in adults. The age group among educated males with the steepest rise in smoking levels is from 19 to 21 years old.
Socio-economic trends.
Most habitual smokers in Syria are from lower and middle socioeconomic classes. One reason for this general trend is the tendency of Syrians males from lower socioeconomic levels to join the army rather than attend university. In 2002, smoking rates among military recruits were about 46% while the rates of age-matched university students were about 23%. Poorer students and/or those with poorer academic performance are more likely to join the military than to go to university and are thereby more likely to habitually smoke. In this case, those from a less favorable socio-economic background end up more vulnerable to nicotine dependency.
Other cases indicate increased tobacco dependency with heightened levels of financial security. Male physicians in Syria are likely to become nicotine dependent earlier in their careers, whereas female physicians tend to habitually smoke later on in their careers. This trend is likely to be due to delayed financial independence for women.
Brand preference.
Smokers in Syria tend to evolve from switching brands in early stages of smoking to sticking with one brand as their dependency increases.
Amongst adult nicotine-dependent smokers, brand selection is closely related to one's socio-economic situation, as foreign brands tend to be double the price of local brands.
90% of smoking high school students smoke foreign brands, as they smoke fewer cigarettes on average than adult habitual smokers. The less frequent amount of smoking amongst high school students makes foreign cigarettes less of a financial burden.
Foreign brands are viewed amongst Syrian smokers as lighter, safer, and better tasting, a belief that is derived from advertising strategies rather than the actual characteristics of foreign brands.
Quitting.
Cigarette smokers tend to have a strong desire to quit due to health concerns, stigmatization, and concern for the safety of their family members. Quitting attempts are generally followed by relapse.
Short periods of quitting allow smokers to experience the benefits of quitting such as better breathing ability, increased happiness amongst family members, and increased stamina, but subsequent relapses tend to reduce the smoker's confidence in their ability to fully quit, and therefore reduce their motivation to quit despite their experience of the positive effects of quitting.
Relapses tend to be attributed to stressful situations and having friend groups that smoke. Relapses are also caused by cigarette smokers’ use of the narghile as a means of easing off of cigarettes, which ends up proliferating their dependence.
Some cigarette smokers do not have serious intentions to quit and others do not plan to quit at all, but the majority of cigarette smokers have interest in quitting.
About a third of narghile smokers express motivation to quit. Some narghile smokers who are uninterested in quitting express enthusiasm about continuing their smoking habits in the future.
Many cigarette smokers indicate that they are waiting for a health incident to motivate them to quit.
Potential avenues for tobacco control.
Price increases.
The method of price increase is likely to have a great impact on tobacco usage, due to the price-sensitivity of most habitual smokers.
A World Bank report in 2002 suggested that a 10% additional tax on local brands would be capable of cutting consumption by 5% and generating a revenue increase of 4.5%.
Price increases on local brands of cigarettes are unlikely to increase illegal smuggling of foreign brands into Syria, as foreign brands are typically only bought by wealthier habitual smokers or irregular smokers. The majority smoking population (low-income habitual smokers) is therefore unlikely to supplement higher priced local brands with smuggled in foreign brands.
Smoking cessation programs.
Smoking cessation programs are essential to those seeking to quit, as medical literature suggests that less than 5% of quitters abstain from cigarettes permanently when quitting without external sources of support.
The majority of health care providers are currently not trained to provide adequate cessation support, so the implementation of training programs is an important step in this method of control.
Media campaigns.
Media campaigns are a viable means of spreading knowledge to the public of the health effects of smoking. This is especially important in relation to narghile smoking, as its positive cultural perception is a large factor in its increasing popularity.
Age Restriction for access to tobacco products.
Age restriction is valuable as many cigarette smokers begin smoking in their teens due to social pressures. Lessening the availability of cigarettes to this age group may decrease chances of the development of a nicotine addiction.
Intensive prevention work for women.
Tradition has been the main barrier keeping women from smoking and this barrier is slowly breaking down. Public health efforts are focusing on replacing the passive barrier of tradition with an active barrier, such as awareness of negative health effects. Negative values of smoking have yet to be dissociated from the positive values of increasing economic and social freedoms for women.
Obstacles for public health initiatives.
One of the main obstacles for initiatives to curtail the tobacco epidemic in Syria is the shortage of reliable standardized data on tobacco use in Syrian society. The first published initiative to study the epidemiology of smoking in Syria began in 1998.
Another primary issue involves the Syrian medical industry and its health care providers. According to a sampling of Aleppo health care professionals in 2010, 22.4% of physicians and 26% of nurses smoke cigarettes and 9.5% of physicians and 9.4% of nurses smoke the narghile. Health care providers who smoke are less likely to believe that smoking is harmful and acknowledge the specific health impacts of smoking than those who do not smoke.
Only half of physicians included in the 2010 study routinely inquire about their patient's smoking habits, and of those, only 47.7% of those assist patients in quitting and only 11.6% encourage the scheduling of follow-up appointments for continued assistance. Only 5.3% of physicians reported to have prescribed medicine to aid in smoking cessation.
Physicians note that the main obstacles for public health initiatives include lack of motivation amongst patients, lack of time, scarcity of medication, and lack of experience. Health care providers who smoke are also generally less motivated to promote cessation efforts due to their own smoking habits.
Syrian organizations for smoking cessation.
Two notable organizations are the Syrian Society for Smoking Cessation and the Syrian Center for Tobacco studies, both of which are affiliated with the World Health Organization.
The Syrian Society for Smoking Cessation is “a local association in Syria that was established on 22/02/2006 to support WHO and MOH efforts to control this huge problem. The main goal of this association is to increase the awareness among the Syrian society about the damages caused by smoking and also to prevent smoking spreading especially among the youths.”
The Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies is “a pioneer model of international cooperation for the establishment of sustainable research base in a developing country setting. It addresses the need to create local expertise not only in research methodology, but also in research support and fund raising areas.” Its main goals are to study Syrian smoking practices qualitatively and quantitatively, to develop culturally appropriate and cost effective intervention techniques, and to train Syrian tobacco researchers in order to monitor the efforts to curtail the epidemic properly. One of its main strategies is multidisciplinary research, involving the efforts of medical anthropologists, psychologists, epidemiologists, behavioral pharmacologists, and physicians.
Bans on smoking.
Smoking in Syria is currently banned inside cafes (hookah bars), restaurants and other public spaces by a presidential decree issued on 12 October 2009 which went into effect on 21 April 2010. Syria was the first Arab country to introduce such a ban. The decree also outlaws smoking in educational institutions, health centres, sports halls, cinemas and theatres and on public transport. The restrictions include the narghile. According to the official Syrian Arab News Agency, fines for violating the ban range from 500 to 100,000 Syrian pounds (US$11 to $2,169).
A decree in 1996 banned tobacco advertising, while a 2006 law outlawed smoking on public transport and in some public places, introducing fines for offenders. People under the age of 18 are not allowed to buy tobacco in Syria.
Public opinion of bans.
The 2010 ban has produced a variety of negative responses as it is said to “collide with Syria's water-pipe culture.”
Businesses say the ban is already hurting trade, and has, “led to a total halt in business” Although citizens know that this is the government's attempt to tries improve the nation's health, changing the tobacco loving culture in this region as well as the dependence on tobacco consumption for business may take some time. As of 2010, 20% of women and 60% of men are said to smoke and 98% of the overall population is affected by passive smoking., Narghile (also known as the hookah or water pipe) and cigarettes are the two main forms of tobacco consumption.
Shop owners are trying to find ways around the law, such as allowing customers to smoke in the back or opening all doors and windows to have their restaurant be considered an outdoor establishment in which smoking would be allowed. They still take much caution, however, as they can be subject to fines and have the additional risk of the complete shutdown of their business following multiple offenses. Smoking customers themselves are subject to fines up to around $44.
Some businesses are beginning to accept the new law and try out other means of luring customers such as live music, cheaper prices, and better food. The “narghile boom” that had taken place over the course of the 15 years preceding the ban is believed to be at an end.
Despite the successful cut-down on public smoking, the ban has also caused an increase in narghile delivery and at-home smoking, since this type of smoking is not prohibited by the ban.
Health Minister Rida Said defended the ban saying it “protects the rights of non-smokers, many of whom are children, and is an important step towards reduction of smoking-related illness”.
Syria's revolutionary youth organization (affiliated with the ruling Ba’ath party) held a rally in Damascus to promote the new law, as a means of bringing about a “healthy and strong population”
Smoking and the Syrian protests of 2011.
Cigarette smoke plays a large role in the characterization of Syrian protesters. “Syria’s disenfranchised Bouazizis are the greatest population of this revolution. Incidentally, a lot of them are also four-pack-a-day smokers.” Prominent activist bloggers advertise their smoking habits. A young Bouazizi from the city of Binnish said in July 2011, “I was lost for 12 hours in the mountains. Never mind that I had no food or water — my agony was, I had no cigarettes!”
The association with smoking and social liberalization for women has made smoking popular and present in the image of the female Syrian protester.
In some territories controlled by the Syrian opposition and the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, smoking is banned and even punishable with death.


Insect reproductive system

Most insects reproduce oviparously, i.e. by laying eggs. The eggs are produced by the female in a pair of ovaries. Sperm, produced by the male in one testis or more commonly two, is transmitted to the female during mating by means of external genitalia. The sperm is stored within the female in one or more spermathecae. At the time of fertilization, the eggs travel along oviducts to be fertilized by the sperm and are then expelled from the body ("laid"), in most cases via an ovipositor.
Internal.
Female.
Female insects are able to make eggs, receive and store sperm, manipulate sperm from different males, and lay eggs. Their reproductive systems are made up of a pair of ovaries, accessory glands, one or more spermathecae, and ducts connecting these parts. The ovaries make eggs and accessory glands produce the substances to help package and lay the eggs. Spermathecae store sperm for varying periods of time and, along with portions of the oviducts, can control sperm use. The ducts and spermathecae are lined with a cuticle.
The ovaries are made up of a number of egg tubes, called ovarioles, which vary in size and number by species. The number of eggs that the insect is able to make varies according to the number of ovarioles, with the rate at which eggs develop being also influenced by ovariole design. In meroistic ovaries, the eggs-to-be divide repeatedly and most of the daughter cells become helper cells for a single oocyte in the cluster. In panoistic ovaries, each egg-to-be produced by stem germ cells develops into an oocyte; there are no helper cells from the germ line. Production of eggs by panoistic ovaries tends to be slower than that by meroistic ovaries.
Accessory glands or glandular parts of the oviducts produce a variety of substances for sperm maintenance, transport, and fertilization, as well as for protection of eggs. They can produce glue and protective substances for coating eggs or tough coverings for a batch of eggs called oothecae. Spermathecae are tubes or sacs in which sperm can be stored between the time of mating and the time an egg is fertilized. Paternity testing of insects has revealed that some, and probably many, female insects use the spermatheca and various ducts to control or bias sperm used in favor of some males over others.
Male.
The main component of the male reproductive system is the testis, suspended in the body cavity by tracheae and the fat body. The more primitive apterygote insects have a single testis, and in some lepidopterans the two maturing testes are secondarily fused into one structure during the later stages of larval development, although the ducts leading from them remain separate. However, most male insects have a pair of testes, inside of which are sperm tubes or follicles that are enclosed within a membranous sac. The follicles connect to the vas eferens by the vas defferens, and the two tubular vasa deferentia connect to a median ejaculatory duct that leads to the outside. A portion of the vas defferens is often enlarged to form the seminal vesicle, which stores the sperm before they are discharged into the female. The seminal vesicles have glandular linings that secrete nutrients for nourishment and maintenance of the sperm. The ejaculatory duct is derived from an invagination of the epidermal cells during development and, as a result, has a cuticular lining. The terminal portion of the ejaculatory duct may be sclerotized to form the intromittent organ, the aedeagus. The remainder of the male reproductive system is derived from embryonic mesoderm, except for the germ cells, or spermatogonia, which descend from the primordial pole cells very early during embryogenesis.
External.
The ground plan of the abdomen of an adult insect typically consists of 11–12 segments and is less strongly sclerotized than the head or thorax. Each segment of the abdomen is represented by a sclerotized tergum, sternum, and perhaps a pleurite. Terga are separated from each other and from the adjacent sterna or pleura by a membrane. Spiracles are located in the pleural area. Variation of this ground plan includes the fusion of terga or terga and sterna to form continuous dorsal or ventral shields or a conical tube. Some insects bear a sclerite in the pleural area called a laterotergite. Ventral sclerites are sometimes called laterosternites. During the embryonic stage of many insects and the postembryonic stage of primitive insects, 11 abdominal segments are present. In modern insects there is a tendency toward reduction in the number of the abdominal segments, but the primitive number of 11 is maintained during embryogenesis. Variation in abdominal segment number is considerable. If the Apterygota are considered to be indicative of the ground plan for pterygotes, confusion reigns: adult Protura have 12 segments, Collembola have 6. The orthopteran family Acrididae has 11 segments, and a fossil specimen of Zoraptera has a 10-segmented abdomen.
Generally, the first seven abdominal segments of adults (the pregenital segments) are similar in structure and lack appendages. However, apterygotes (bristletails and silverfish) and many immature aquatic insects have abdominal appendages. Apterygotes possess a pair of styles; rudimentary appendages that are serially homologous with the distal part of the thoracic legs. And, mesally, one or two pairs of protrusible (or exsertile) vesicles on at least some abdominal segments. These vesicles are derived from the coxal and trochanteral endites (inner annulated lobes) of the ancestral abdominal appendages. Aquatic larvae and nymphs may have gills laterally on some to most abdominal segments. Of the rest of the abdominal segments consist of the reproductive and anal parts.
The anal-genital part of the abdomen, known as the terminalia, consists generally of segments 8 or 9 to the abdominal apex. Segments 8 and 9 bear the genitalia; segment 10 is visible as a complete segment in many "lower" insects but always lacks appendages; and the small segment 11 is represented by a dorsal epiproct and pair of ventral paraprocts derived from the sternum. A pair of appendages, the cerci, articulates laterally on segment 11; typically these are annulated and filamentous but have been modified (e.g. the forceps of earwigs) or reduced in different insect orders. An annulated caudal filament, the median appendix dorsalis, arises from the tip of the epiproct in apterygotes, most mayflies (Ephemeroptera), and a few fossil insects. A similar structure in nymphal stoneflies (Plecoptera) is of uncertain homology. These terminal abdominal segments have excretory and sensory functions in all insects, but in adults there is an additional reproductive function.
Genitalia.
The organs concerned specifically with mating and the deposition of eggs are known collectively as the external genitalia, although they may be largely internal. Insect genitalia, especially male genitalia, is often directionally asymmetrical, and this trait has evolved multiple times in various orders. The components of the external genitalia of insects are very diverse in form and often have considerable taxonomic value, particularly among species that appear structurally similar in other respects. The male external genitalia have been used widely to aid in distinguishing species, whereas the female external genitalia may be simpler and less varied.
The terminalia of adult female insects include internal structures for receiving the male copulatory organ and his spermatozoa, and external structures used for oviposition (egg-laying). Most female insects have an egg-laying tube, or ovipositor; it is absent in termites, parasitic lice, many Plecoptera, and most Ephemeroptera. Ovipositors take two forms:


UNICEF Bangladesh

The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) is a United Nations agency responsible for providing humanitarian and developmental aid to children worldwide with a presence in more than 190 countries and territories...
In Bangladesh, it was founded in 1952 by the volunteers to advises the Bangladesh Government on policies and legislation which support various programs and commitments under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child that defines children as human beings, different from adults. Tomoo Hozumi is the UNICEF country representative to Bangladesh.
UNICEF in Bangladesh.
UNICEF has launched its 7th Fifth Year plan the Sustainable Development Goals in close coordination with the Bangladesh Government. The main goal is to advance the rights of children, especially those who are unheard and disadvantaged.
They are using the life-cycle approach, in which activities are organised to provide support to children based on their age group. The approach identifies specific priorities and plans for each age group, like infants and their mothers, children at primary school age, and adolescents. These are supported by the rights of children.
UNICEF Bangladesh Campaigns.
UNICEF Bangladesh has launched "Every Child ALIVE" a global campaign on 20 February 2018. The goal was to issue an urgent appeal to the government, health care providers, donors, the private sector, families, and businesses to keep every child alive. The global campaign was focus on 10 countries: Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Guinea-Bissau, India, Indonesia, Malawi, Mali, Nigeria, Pakistan, and the United Republic of Tanzania.
UNICEF Bangladesh also launched a national multimedia campaign "Ending Child Marriage" on 31 July 2017
UNICEF Bangladesh Ambassadors.
UNICEF Ambassadors are the public figures from various fields like film, television, music, sports, and beyond. They have played a critical role in fundraising for children. Also, they use their talent and fame to advocate, and educate on behalf of UNICEF.
Being a public figure, they help in mobilizing the necessary support to improve the lives of children and ensure their basic human rights
The list of Ambassadors includes Arifa Zaman Moushumi (Actress), Jewel Aich (Magician), Shakib Al Hasan (National Cricket player).


Disabled Access Day

Disabled Access Day is a biennial event in the United Kingdom that celebrates accessibility. The first event was held on Saturday 17 January 2015 and over 200 organisations took part across the UK and further afield. The last Disabled Access Day took place on 16 March 2019. Disabled Access Day was cancelled in 2021 because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
History.
Disabled Access Day came about after Paul Ralph, a powerchair user and Euan's Guide supporter, went to a ‘try it out day’ at his local bus company:
In 2015, the Westminster parliament passed a motion in support of the event. The motion highlighted that several major attractions such as Buckingham Palace and St Paul’s Cathedral had signed up. The first event was supported by over 200 museums, galleries, attractions and businesses in the UK.
Following the success of the first event, the second event more than quadrupled in size and was held on 12 March 2016 and the third Disabled Access Day was an extended weekend of activities during 10–12 March 2017. The event became biennial after 2017.
In 2019 Disabled Access Day took place on Saturday 16 March 2019. This was the fourth Disabled Access Day with over 13,000 participants.
Disabled Access Day was cancelled in 2021 due to the Covid-19 pandemic and no new dates have been released.
Sponsorship.
Disabled Access Day is sponsored by Euan's Guide, the disabled access review website. Euan's Guide was founded by Euan MacDonald, a powerchair user, and his sister Kiki. Information about accessibility for all places that hold events on Disabled Access Day can be found on the Euan's Guide website.
Other major sponsors of the event include Barclays plc and Sandcastle Water Park.
Awards and Shortlists.
Cracking Campaign, The Scottish Charity Awards 2016


OSMECON

OSMECON is an undergraduate medical conference hosted annually by Osmania Medical College and its associated hospitals in Hyderabad, India.
OSMECON is a three-day event, typically scheduled in August each year. Started in 2010 as a platform for medical undergraduates to present their research, the conference's oeuvre has since expanded to include numerous workshops, clinical case discussions, quizzes, guest lectures, panel discussions and symposia, with international delegates in attendance since 2014.
One of the main goals of OSMECON in recent years has been to equip participants with current clinical skills as well as an understanding of basic and clinical research techniques. Another main focus has been the recent developments, future opportunities and challenges that medical research presents at all levels of training, with particular emphasis on the Indian context.
OSMECON-2011.
The conference reached out to other medical colleges in erstwhile Andhra Pradesh. It was a two-day event conducted on the 25 and 26 of August 2011 with 100 delegates. The following were introduced for the first time.
OSMECON-2012.
Dr. B. Sesi Kiran, Former Director of NIN gave a lecture on Research Methodology and Dr. Sreekanth Vemula, Eminent Neurophysician, graced the event.
It was a 3-day event held from 31 August to 2 September with 400 delegates.
The highlight of the conference was the introduction of workshops for undergraduate medical students.
OSMECON-2014.
Dr. Ch. Mohan Rao, Director CCMB & Dr.Kalpagam Polasa, former Director of NIN inaugurated the event and spoke of the research scenario in the country.
Dr. Gullapalli Nageswara Rao, Founder of LV Prasad Eye Hospital, delivered a guest lecture.
Theme of the conference: Mental Health Awareness
There were 800 delegates with 7 from Nepal. The following events were introduced:
OSMECON-2015.
Padma Shri Dr. Kakarla Subba Rao, internationally renowned radiologist and Father of Radiology in India, inaugurated the event.
Padma Shri Dr. L.Narendranath, eminent Orthopaedic surgeon delivered a guest lecture on 'IT Solutions in Health Care'.
Theme of Poster Presentation : 3-D Printing in Medicine, Novel Drug Delivery Systems
It was a 3-day event with the participation of over 1,000 delegates and had 5 workshops on:
1) Basic Life Support Skills,
2) Basic Surgical Skills,
3) ECG Interpretation
4) Basic Medical imaging
5) Obstetrics & Neonatology,
6) Orthopaedic skills and Trauma Care.
OSMECON-2016.
Padmashri Dr. A.Gopala Krishna Gokhale (Cardiothoracic Surgeon, First Minimal Access Heart Surgeon & First Heart-Kidney combined Transplant Surgeon) delivered the Inaugural Address.
Dr. G.V. Ramana Rao (Executive Partner, Head of Emergency Medicine Learning Centre (EMLC) and Research division at GVK-EMRI) was the Guest of Honour
Dr. G. Jagdishwar Goud, renowned Surgical Oncologist and Robotic Surgeon spoke about trends in Robotic Surgery.
Dr. M. Pari Plavi, distinguished alumna of Osmania Medical College, former Professor and Head of Department of Anatomy at Osmania Medical College, Founder-Convener of OSMECON, discussed the Neuroscience of Adolescence and Meditation.
Theme of Poster Presentation: Cancer Immunotherapy, Personalised Medicine
There were about 1,100 delegates attending from all over the country.
OSMECON-2017.
Dr. K. Srinath Reddy, President of Public Health Foundation of India delivered the inaugural address.
Dr. Patanjali Dev Nayar, Regional Advisor, Disability & Injury Prevention, WHO SEARO delivered a lecture on "Manoeuvring crossroads to human sexuality".
Theme of the conference: Adolescent & Reproductive Health.
Over 1,400 delegates participated in the eighth edition, with over 120 international delegates, taking the event to a bigger stage. Two new workshops were introduced:
1) Chest Sounds Interpretation
2) Forensic Autopsy
OSMECON-2018.
The 9th edition of OSMECON was held on August 10, 11 & 12 at Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad.
Padmashree Dr. Dasari Prasad Rao, former Director of Nizam Institute of Medical sciences, Hyderabad graced the event as the "Chief guest".
Dr. Arvinder Singh Soin, reputed Hepato-Biliary surgeon(1st successful liver transplant in the country). He spoke about "Will AI in medicine make doctors redundant?".
The conference added 4 new workshops to its list.
= OSMECON-2019 =
The 10th Edition of OSMECON was held in August, 2019 from the 8th to the 10th.The esteemed event was honoured by:
Dr. Sowmya Swaminathan(Ch. Scientist at the "World Health Organisation WHO") was the honourable Chief Guest.
"Padmashree" Dr. Prakash Baba Amte and Dr. Mandakini Amte who shared the "Ramon Magsaysay award" both gave guest lectures.
Dr. Rakesh Mishra, CCMB Director.
Dr. Hemalatha, National Institute of Nutrition NIN Director.
Dr. Ravi Wankhedkar, National Resident of IMA, New Delhi also graced the event.
The Annual UG Conference was attended by nearly 2000 delegates from 7 states across the country as well as from 5 different countries, still expanding its reach even further.
Few futuristic and technological areas of medical research were also presented during the symposiums 'Nanotechnology in cancer treatment' and '3D Bioprinting'.
=OSMECON 2020=
The 11th Annual UG Conference will be held in August 2020 at Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad.


Camp Rising Sun (Connecticut)

Camp Rising Sun in Colebrook, Connecticut is a non-profit camp for children with cancer that is held one week during the summer and one weekend in the winter. Camp Rising Sun is an overnight camp that is staffed by volunteer counselors and free to the campers. The camp is staffed all week by a volunteer medical staff including Dr. Joe McNamara, an associate clinical professor of pediatrics at the Yale University School of Medicine and pediatric oncologist.
History.
Camp was founded in 1983 in Hebron Connecticut but as camper participation grew, the camp moved to a larger camp site at Camp Jewell YMCA in Colebrook, Connecticut. There are now over 100 campers that attend the camp each summer.
Charitable Contributors & Fundraising.
Camp is funded through donations both private and public. Camp volunteers hold a yearly summer benefit at the Owenego Inn in Branford, Connecticut to aid in fund raising.


Henry William Fuller

Henry William Fuller (1820 – 18 December 1873) F.R.C.P. was an English physician and writer.
Fuller was born in London. He was the son of surgeon Henry Peter Fuller. He was educated at Caius College, Cambridge and St George's Hospital. He took his M.B. in 1843 and practiced in London. He was elected assistant physician at St George's Hospital and became full physician in 1857. Fuller advocated drug therapy and used alkalis for the treatment of rheumatism.
His best known work was "On Rheumatism, Rheumatic Gout, and Sciatica", first published in 1853 and went through several editions. Fuller promoted the theory that gout and rheumatism were both a disease of abnormal metabolism. He suggested that lactic acid has the same relationship to rheumatism that uric acid does to gout, which is excess in the blood.
Fuller was a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians. He gave the Lumleian Lectures in 1866.


Real Shit

"Real Shit" is a song by American singer Juice Wrld and American music producer Benny Blanco. It was produced by Blanco, Cashmere Cat, Dylan Brady, Henry Kwapis and Jack Karaszewski, all of whom co-wrote the song with Juice Wrld. It was released to digital retailers as a single by Grade A Productions and Interscope Records on December 2, 2020. It was included as part of the reissue of Blanco's debut studio album "Friends Keep Secrets", released in 2021.
Background.
"Real Shit" was released on what would have been Wrld's twenty-second birthday. While Juice and Blanco have collaborated in the past on "Graduation" and "Roses", Blanco revealed that the posthumous song was the first song they recorded, although the commercial release is an updated version of the original recording with more musicians contributing to the production.
They made about six songs on the first night, including "Roses" and "Real Shit", the latter of which was "the first time [Blanco] saw [Wrld's] magic". Blanco said that "the whole room dropped their jaws and watched [Wrld] in awe", knowing that they "were in the room with a man who was going to change music forever". Wrld went in the vocal booth and recorded the entire song in one take, then he did it three more times and said: "Pick the best one." Blanco said that "they were all perfect songs".
Release.
"Real Shit" was first teased on November 30, 2020. Blanco posted a short instrumental snippet on social media which featured an animated version of the single cover art and a caption which reads "tomorrow", along with an old picture of him and Wrld cracking up. On December 2, 2020, a lyric video for the song was released on YouTube.
Composition.
"Real Shit" is a pop-punk and trap song with a length of three minutes and three seconds. Lyrically, Juice reflects on his life, celebrating happier moments and counting his blessings.
Credits and personnel.
Credits adapted from Tidal.


Camp Kesem

Camp Kesem is an active community throughout the United States, driven by college students, supporting children through and beyond their parent's cancer with free year-round services. Camp Kesem's main program is a week-long sleepaway summer camp for kids whose parents have or have had cancer. Camp Kesem's programs are completely free to the children and put on by college students at each local chapter, who fundraise and plan year-round, with support and training from a national staff. Since 2000, when it was founded at Stanford University, Camp Kesem has expanded to over 100 chapters in 42 states. The University of Wisconsin-Madison chapter is currently the largest chapter.
History.
The first Camp Kesem project was founded at Stanford University in 2000 as a project of at Stanford, a nonprofit serving Jewish students at the University. The project was developed by founder Iris Rave Wedeking, and a group of student leaders who sought to create a summer camp experience for children in need for little to no cost for the families.
After assessing the needs of the community, the students found that children who have, or have had, a parent with cancer comprised an under-served population who could benefit from a summer camp experience with peers who faced similar challenges.
The Camp Kesem project at Stanford hosted its first summer session in June 2001, free of charge to 37 campers. Since then, the project has continued and has grown each year to engage more student volunteers and serve more children across the country.
Based on the success of Camp Kesem at Stanford, Iris Rave founded Camp Kesem National in August 2002 to share the project's model with college campuses across the nation.
National staff.
Alumni, Brand & Marketing:
Development:
Finance & Administration:
Operations:
Impact.
In 2014, Camp Kesem served nearly 4,000 children affected by a parent's cancer and empowered more than 2,000 student leaders from across the country. Since 2000, Camp Kesem has shared its "magic" with over 11,300 children and provided unparalleled leadership opportunities for nearly 7,000 student leaders.
Daily routine.
An average day at Camp Kesem consists of waking up, then going to breakfast. There are many events arranged for the children including, but not limited to: Messy Olympics, Color Wars, Fireworks Show, and many others. Often campers transition through rotations that can include arts and crafts, sports, or nature themed activities. Some camps have a yearly theme where each child may wear themed clothing to match the theme for the year. Each day is different, but most days have a trip to the swimming pool and a midday rest time. On one specific day, the campers share their stories about their parent's cancer. There is a "closing circle" activity where songs are sung, and some nights, the campers can socialize.


Periodontosis

Periodontosis is an obsolete term that was used to describe what was once thought to be certain type of unique and distinguishable chronic periodontal disease that manifested as degenerative bony changes without concomitant inflammation. Although utilized for more than 50 years, the term has since been dropped in favor of a more contemporary disease classification for periodontal disease.
Described by Gottlieb as a "diffuse atrophy of the alveolar bone," the term "periodontosis" was later applied and it gained acceptance as a disease entity, being defined as:
Noted as a rare disease, periodontosis was said to have been seen primarily in young patients. And despite being defined as being a "noninflammatory destruction of the periodontium," almost all cases did exhibit varying degrees of gingival inflammation.


Functional symptom

A functional symptom is a medical symptom with no known physical cause. In other words, there is no structural or pathologically defined disease to explain the symptom. The use of the term 'functional symptom' does not assume psychogenesis, only that the body is not functioning as expected. Functional symptoms are increasingly viewed within a framework in which 'biological, psychological, interpersonal and healthcare factors' should all be considered to be relevant for determining the aetiology and treatment plans.
Historically, there has often been fierce debate about whether certain problems are predominantly related to an abnormality of structure (disease) or are psychosomatic in nature, and what are at one stage posited to be functional symptoms are sometimes later reclassified as organic, as investigative techniques improve. It is well established that psychosomatic symptoms are a real phenomenon, so this potential explanation is often plausible, however the commonality of a range of psychological symptoms and functional weakness does not imply that one causes the other. For example, symptoms associated with migraine, epilepsy, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, stomach ulcers, chronic fatigue syndrome, Lyme disease and many other conditions have all tended historically at first to be explained largely as physical manifestations of the sufferer's psychological state of mind; "until" such time as new physiological knowledge is eventually gained. Another specific example is functional constipation, which may have psychological or psychiatric causes. However, one type of apparently functional constipation, anismus, may have a neurological (physical) basis.
Whilst misdiagnosis of functional symptoms does occur, in neurology, for example, this appears to occur no more frequently than of other neurological or psychiatric syndromes. However, in order to be quantified, misdiagnosis has to be recognized as such, which can be problematic in such a challenging field as medicine.
A common trend is to see functional symptoms and syndromes such as fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome and functional neurological symptoms such as functional weakness as symptoms in which both biological and psychological factors are relevant, without one necessarily being dominant.
Weakness.
Functional weakness is weakness of an arm or leg without evidence of damage or a disease of the nervous system. Patients with functional weakness experience symptoms of limb weakness which can be disabling and frightening such as problems walking or a ‘heaviness’ down one side, dropping things or a feeling that a limb just doesn’t feel normal or ‘part of them’. Functional weakness may also be described as functional neurological symptom disorder (FNsD), Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) or functional neurological symptoms. If the symptoms are caused by a psychological trigger, it may be diagnosed as 'dissociative motor disorder' or conversion disorder (CD).
To the patient and the doctor it often looks as if there has been a stroke or have symptoms of multiple sclerosis. However, unlike these conditions, with functional weakness there is no permanent damage to the nervous system which means that it can get better or even go away completely.
The diagnosis should usually be made by a consultant neurologist so that other neurological causes can be excluded. The diagnosis should be made on the basis of positive features in the history and the examination (such as Hoover's sign). It is dangerous to make the diagnosis simply because tests are normal. Neurologists usually diagnose wrongly about 5% of the time (which is the same for many other conditions.)
The most effective treatment is physiotherapy, however it is also helpful for patients to understand the diagnosis, and some may find CBT helps them to cope with the emotions associated with being unwell. For those with conversion disorder, psychological therapy is key to their treatment as it is emotional or psychological factors which are causing their symptoms.
Giveway weakness.
Giveway weakness (also "give-away weakness", "collapsing weakness", etc.) refers to a symptom where a patient's arm, leg, can initially provide resistance against an examiner's touch, but then suddenly "gives way" and provides no further muscular resistance.


Petrus Schaesberg

Petrus Graf Schaesberg (November 7, 1967 – September 22, 2008) was a German art historian, artist, editor, and teacher.
Biography.
In 2004, Schaesberg earned his Ph.D. (summa cum laude) at Munich's Institute of Art History, Ludwig Maximilian University. He taught at the Institute of Art History at Munich University, however he was never officially employed. At the time of his death, Schaesberg was an adjunct professor in the Art History department at Columbia University. Schaesberg's book, "Das Aufgehobene Bild", discussed collage as a mode of painting — from Pablo Picasso to Richard Prince.
On September 22, 2008, Schaesberg was found dead in the courtyard of his Morningside Heights, Manhattan apartment. According to the medical examiner's office, Schaesberg committed suicide by jumping out of the window of his 8th floor apartment.
Books.
Regensburg: Verlag Schnell & Steiner, Edition ICCARUS, 1999, 232 pages
Paris: Edition ICCARUS / FNAC, 1999, 230 pages
With essays by Rainer Crone, Joseph Leo Koerner and Alexandra Gräfin Stosch
New York: Prestel Verlag 1998, 160 pages
Munich: Prestel Verlag, 1998, 160 pages
Lyrical Worlds. The paintings of Nikolaus Hipp.
Regensburg: Schnell & Steiner, Edition ICCARUS, 1998
(German and English edition), 128 pages
Essays.
"Alexandra Paperno. Star Maps"
NCCA (National Centre for Contemporary Arts), Moscow, 2007, pp. 5–14
"Stanley Kubrick. Inventor of Facts" in: Rainer Crone, Drama & Shadows,
London: Phaidon Press, 2005, pp. 242–246.
German Edition: Berlin: Phaidon, 2005
French Edition: Paris: Phaidon, 2005
Japanese Edition: Tokyo: Phaidon, 2005
"David Salle. Shattered Worlds. The Principle of Montage." in: David Salle,
Moscow: Stella Art Gallery, 2004, pp. 3–13.
"Andy Warhol. The Three Golden Rules of an Artist"
in: Pop Art. The John and Kimiko Powers Collection,New York: Gagosian Gallery, 2001, pp. 81–94
(with Rainer Crone) and with essays by Germano Celant, Jim Dine, Jeremy Gilbert-Rolfe, Judith Goldman, Dave Hickey, Linda Norden, Lane Relyea, Scott Rothkopf and David Shapiro
Ed.(with introduction) "Paul Klee und Edward Ruscha. Projekt der Moderne. Sprache und Bild."
Regensburg: Schnell & Steiner, Edition ICCARUS, 1998, pp. 9–19
"Andy Warhol. Heads (after Picasso)"
(English/German, Galerie Ropac, Paris/Salzburg, 1997
"Juan Usle. Ojo Roto"
Museu d'Art Contemporani, Barcelona, 1996
Exhibitions.
with ICCARUS


Retrovirology (journal)

Retrovirology is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering basic research on retroviruses. The journal was established in 2004 and is published by BioMed Central. The editors-in-chief are Johnson Mak (Griffith University, Australia) and Susan Ross (University of Illinois at Chicago); earlier, Kuan-Teh Jeang was editor-in-chief.
Abstracting and indexing.
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
According to the "Journal Citation Reports", the journal has a 2019 impact factor of 4.183, ranking it 10th out of 37 journals in the category "Virology".


Ludovico Mazzolino

Ludovico Mazzolino (1480 – c. 1528) - also known as Mazzolini da Ferrara, Lodovico Ferraresa, and Il Ferrarese - was an Italian Renaissance painter active in Ferrara and Bologna.
Biography.
He was born and died in Ferrara. He appears to have studied under such as Lorenzo Costa, who also trained Dosso Dossi and Cosimo Tura, and came under the influence of Ercole Roberti. In 1521 he married Giovanna, the daughter of Bartolomeo Vacchi, a Venetian painter. Much of his work was commissioned by the duke Ercole I d'Este from Ferrara. Mazzolino was influenced by il Garofalo and Boccaccino. He is known for devotional cabinet pictures, in a style somewhat regressive, or primitive, relative to the modern classicism then emerging. For example, his "Massacre" canvas has a turbulent and cartoonish crowding.
The exact date, or even year, of his death is not known, but he died during a plague which devastated the area.


JAMA Pediatrics

JAMA Pediatrics is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by the American Medical Association. It covers all aspects of pediatrics. The journal was established in 1911 as the American Journal of Diseases of Children and renamed in 1994 to Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, before obtaining its current title in 2013.
The journal's founding editor-in-chief in 1911 was Abraham Jacobi. The articles in that first volume of the journal were mostly observational studies focused on the major causes of illness and death in children at the start of the 20th century.
The current editor-in-chief is Dimitri A. Christakis (University of Washington). According to "Journal Citation Reports", the journal's 2018 impact factor is 13.946, ranking it 1st out of 128 journals in the category "Pediatrics".
Abstracting and indexing.
The journal is abstracted and indexed in Index Medicus/MEDLINE/PubMed.


Physical Therapy (journal)

The Physical Therapy is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering research about physical therapy. It is the official journal of the American Physical Therapy Association and was established in 1921. According to the "Journal Citation Reports", the journal has a 2018 impact factor of 3.043.


Peter Van Herrewege

Peter Alexander Van Herrewege, (born December 1953) is a businessman.
He is chairman of Prime Life Limited which was established more than 30 years ago. The company runs Peaker Park Care Village, built in 2011, an £11 million residential complex for the elderly and disabled, on the edge of Market Harborough. It also runs a residential home in Skegness and 63 other properties. It has 1,700 clients and 1,500 staff. He is planning to build a 35-bedroom care home and social centre in Scunthorpe.


Michael Graham Saunders

Michael Graham Saunders (11 June 1920 - 3 April 1975) was a Neurophysiologist, Medical Doctor, and Medical Researcher who was fundamental in the development of the Electroencephalography, as well as a strong advocate for the advancement of computer use in medicine.
Early years.
He was born in London, England, to Eric Graham Saunders and Rose Kate Gasson, and received his early education at Launceston College, Cornwall. He then attended Victoria University of Manchester, attaining a BSc in 1940 in anatomy and physiology ]; MB ChB 1944; MSc 1944 in physiology (medical electronics) and MD (by published papers) in 1964.
Career.
Dr. and Mrs. Saunders left England and came to Winnipeg, Manitoba in April 1949. He was appointed Assistant professor of Physiology specializing in Neurophysiology at the University of Manitoba, and also Director of the Electroencephalography Departments of the Winnipeg General Hospital and Children's Hospital and consultant EEG Services to the Department of Health, Province of Manitoba and to the St. Boniface General Hospital (Winnipeg).
As his wife was a graduate physiotherapist, Dr. Saunders' early interests in this area led to an appointment as Director of the Electromyography department of the Manitoba Rehabilitation Hospital (now the Rehabilitation Centre).
In 1941 he was a founder member of the EEG Society (U.K.); a member of the Neurological Club, National Hospital, Queen's Square, London; and upon settling in Winnipeg he joined the comparable societies in Canada and the United States, being a founder member of the Canadian Society of EEG. He held executive positions in several organizations. He was an honorary member of the Canadian Physiotherapy Association; the Canadian Association of EEG Technicians; a member of the University of Manitoba Committee for Safety in Experimental Deprivation; a member of the Council and an examiner for the American Board of Registration of EEG technologists; examiner for the Board of Qualification, American EEG Society; secretary and later president, Canadian Society of Electroencephalographers; president and member of Council of the Central EEG Society (U.S.); president (Manitoba Chapter) and delegate (National Society) of the Computer Society of Canada. He was also Procedural Counselor, delegate-at-large, and Chairman of the Rules Committee for the Vienna meeting of the International Federation of Societies for Encephalography and Clinical Physiology (IFECN). Saunders was also a founding member of the Canadian Board of Registration of Electroencephalograph Technologists, founded in 1972.
He died on April 4, 1975.


Complication (medicine)

A complication in medicine, or medical complication, is an unfavorable result of a disease, health condition, or treatment. Complications may adversely affect the prognosis, or outcome, of a disease. Complications generally involve a worsening in severity of disease or the development of new signs, symptoms, or pathological changes which may become widespread throughout the body and affect other organ systems. Thus, complications may lead to the development of new diseases resulting from a previously existing disease. Complications may also arise as a result of various treatments.
The development of complications depends on a number of factors, including the degree of vulnerability, susceptibility, age, health status, and immune system condition. Knowledge of the most common and severe complications of a disease, procedure, or treatment allow for prevention and preparation for treatment if they should occur.
Complications are not to be confused with sequelae, which are residual effects that occur after the acute (initial, most severe) phase of an illness or injury. Sequelae can appear early in the development of disease or weeks to months later and are a result of the initial injury or illness. For example, a scar resulting from a burn or dysphagia resulting from a stroke would be considered sequelae. In addition, complications should not be confused with comorbidities, which are diseases that occur concurrently but have no causative association.
Common illnesses and complications.
Iatrogenic complications.
Medical errors can fall into various categories listed below:
Cardiovascular complications.
Atrial fibrillation.
Atrial fibrillation is a type of arrhythmia characterized by rapid and irregular heart rhythms due to irregular atrial activation by the atrioventricular (AV) node. In the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation, there is no effective pumping of blood into either the pulmonary or systemic circulation from the left ventricle of the heart. The left and right ventricles (lower chambers of the heart) do not fill properly due to the irregular contraction of the left and right atria (upper chambers of the heart).
A patient with atrial fibrillation may experience symptoms of fatigue, dizziness or lightheadedness, heart palpitations, chest pain, and shortness of breath. The heart does not effectively pump blood into the pulmonary or systemic vasculature, and causes the blood to remain within the chambers of the heart. The collection of blood within the heart due to atrial fibrillation can cause and increase the risk of development of a thrombus (blood clot). The thrombus can also develop into an embolus (mobile blood clot) and travel into the systemic circulation. Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increase in risk of having a stroke especially if the embolus travels to the brain.
"Other examples"
Metabolic complications.
Diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes mellitus, also known simply as diabetes, is a disorder of the regulation of blood glucose (a common type of sugar) levels. There are two types of chronic diabetes mellitus: type I and type II. Both lead to abnormally high levels of blood glucose as the body is not able to properly absorb the sugar into tissues. Diabetes requires a life-long consistent monitoring of food intake, blood sugar levels, and physical activity. Diabetes mellitus may present a series of complications in an advanced or more severe stage, such as:
Reproductive complications.
Pregnancy.
Pregnancy is the development of an embryo or fetus inside the womb of a female for the rough duration of 9 months or 40 weeks from the last menstrual period until birth. It is divided into three trimesters, each lasting for about 3 months. The 1st trimester is when the developing embryo becomes a fetus, organs start to develop, limbs grow, and facial features appear. The 2nd and 3rd trimesters are marked by a significant amount of growth and functional development of the body. During this time, the woman's body undergoes a series of changes and many complications may arise involving either the fetus, the mother, or both.
Respiratory complications.
Streptococcal pharyngitis.
Streptococcal pharyngitis, also known as strep throat, is an infection of the respiratory tract caused by group A Strep, "Streptococcus pyogenes", a gram-positive, cocci, beta-hemolytic (lyses blood cells) bacteria. It is primarily spread by direct contact and the transfer of fluids via oral or other secretions and manifests largely in children. Common symptoms associated with streptococcal pharyngitis include sore throat, fever, white excretions at the back of the mouth, and cervical adenopathy (swollen lymph nodes underneath the chin and around the neck area). Streptococcal pharyngitis can lead to various complications and recurrent infection can increase the likelihood. In many of these, lack of treatment and the body's immune response is responsible for the additional adverse reactions. These include:


Denise Hsien Wu

Denise Hsien Wu (吳嫻) is a professor of neuroscience, the head of the Concept & Language Laboratory, and the chair of the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience at National Central University, Taiwan.
Early life and education.
Wu studied a B.S. in psychology at National Taiwan University, followed by an M.S. in psychology at National Chung Cheng University. She then moved to Rice University for her Ph.D. in psychology, with a specialty in cognitive neuroscience. After earning her Ph.D., Wu joined Anjan Chatterjee's group as a postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Pennsylvania.
Research.
Research area
Science outreach.
Wu has been active on science outreach, including giving talks at the TED (conference) in Taipei and at the Tech-Talk FORUM of Scientific American. She also wrote articles for the Scientific American.


Amenomania

Amenomania (compound of Latin "amoenus", "cheerful"; and Greek μανία, "madness") is a disused psychiatric diagnosis that originally designated patients with delusional disorders which do not paralyse them, but who may have fixed bizarre delusions. In some cases, religious delusion might accompany, causing individuals to believe to have peculiar spiritual powers, or even being God, often characterising outlines which might be diagnosed by modern psychiatry as paranoid schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
According to Benjamin Rush, amenomania would be a higher form of hypochondriasis, in which the patient, instead of having anxiety upon non-existent diseases, would deny any imperfection in his health, being not melancholic about his mental abnormalities, but rather cheerful (hence the name of the condition).


Generalized eruptive keratoacanthoma of Grzybowski


George Northcroft

George Northcroft (1869 - 1943) was a British orthodontist who is known for his contributions in the formation of the British Orthodontic Society. The society was initially formed in 1907 as British Society for the Study of Orthodontics (BSSO) and the name later changed to British Orthodontic Society. He also played an important role in formation of the Dental Act of 1921 which made dentistry a profession in Great Britain.
Life.
He attended Woodhouse Grove School and The Leys School in Cambridge, England. He then received a scholarship to study dentistry at University of Michigan School of Dentistry where he obtained his degree in 1890. He then attended London School of Dental Surgery to attain a dental degree in England. He then practice for 8 years in Windsor, England. He joined British Dental Association in 1893 and in 1932 he became the President of the association.
He became member of many organizations such as Odontological Section of the Royal Society of Medicine, of the American Dental Society of Europe, and of the European Orthodontic Society. He became president of European Orthodontic Society in 1927. He also founder of the London Hospital Dental School.
Orthodontics.
In 1907, Dr. Northcroft and some of his friends got together and discussed topics related to Orthodontics. This group of men came together to form British Society for the Study of Orthodontics (BSSO). Dr. Northcroft was interested in studying the growth and development of the skull and jaws related to children. Therefore, he took dental impressions and facial plaster models of his son William during the age of 6 years to 21 years. Dr. Northcroft thus produced the first study of 3D facial growth.
During yearly conference of British Orthodontic Society, Northcroft Memorial Lecture is delivered by an outstanding orthodontist.


Paramguru


Michael Dennis (artist)

Michael Dennis (born 1941 in Los Angeles) is a Canadian-American artist. His best-known work is Reclining Figure, exhibited in Vancouver's Dude Chilling Park since 1991 and considered "a famous East Vancouver icon" as well as a "focal point of the neighbourhood". His works often involve "large forms from wood left behind by loggers that in some cases are carved to suggest anthropomorphic forms".
Educated at Reed College and Stanford University as a neurophysiologist, he taught at Harvard Medical School and was a Research Fellow at University College London before working as Professor at University of California San Francisco from 1972 to 1979. Leaving science to devote himself to art, he has lived on Denman Island in British Columbia since the 1980s. He was formerly married to American developmental biologist Victoria Foe.
His work is held by Simon Fraser University, University of British Columbia, Olympic College, Seattle Vocational Institute and University of Washington, where some examples are on public display. Other public pieces can be seen on Denman Island and in Bellevue Downtown Park.


Cuba emergency response system

The Cuba emergency response system is the warning system for potentially dangerous weather events that strike Cuba.
Hurricane Dennis and Hurricane Ivan.
In July 2005, Cuba weathered Hurricane Dennis and in September 2004 Hurricane Ivan – two of the most powerful storms to strike the Caribbean in the last century. In the case of Dennis, just 10 people died amid massive damage to island, while Ivan claimed not a single victim. In both cases, Cuba succeeded in evacuating more than 1.5 million people, emptying out entire flood-prone coastal areas. People were provided buses to pre-arranged shelters staffed with medical personnel and stocked with food and water, as well as to private homes that took in the evacuees
Cuba's emergency system.
Cuba is the largest and most populated island in the Caribbean yet consistently experiences the lowest death tolls during hurricane season. According to United Nations, it's not because Cubans are lucky but because they're prepared. According to Oxfam, from 1996 to 2002, only 16 people were killed by the six hurricanes that struck Cuba.
Cuba's meteorological institute has 15 provincial offices. They share data with US scientists and project storm tracks. Around 72 hours before a storm's predicted landfall, national media issue alerts while civil protection committees check evacuation plans and shelters. Hurricane awareness is taught in schools and there are practice drills for the public before each hurricane season.
State-run television and the civil defense authority broadcast to the population with information and instructions about what measures to take. Each residential block has a person assigned to take a census on who is being evacuated to which shelter, with special attention paid to the elderly and pregnant women, and as efforts are organized locally, compliance is increased.
The response system has four stages. In Stage I, which takes place 72 hours before landfall, the Civil Defense Structure is placed on an alert, and the media begins broadcasting warnings of the impending storm. At Stage II, 48 hours before the storm, the DCN (National Civil Defense) in each municipality or zone begins to organize hurricane preparation efforts, such as sending students home from schools. Shelters are inspected and supplied, and evacuations begin. Once the hurricane makes landfall, Stage III begins, during which the media continues to provide coverage of the hurricane, and the DCN attempts to maintain lines of communication. After the hurricane has passed, Stage IV begins, and people return to their homes, after they have been certified as sound by the DCN. Rescue operations and tallies of damages begin.


Marta Zlatic

Marta Zlatic is a Croatian neuroscientist who is group leader at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, UK. Her research investigates how neural circuits generate behaviour.
Early life and education.
Zlatic is from Zagreb, Croatia. She has said that growing up she had excellent Latin and Greek teachers. She was awarded a full scholarship to study the Natural Sciences Tripos at Trinity College, Cambridge. During her summer holidays from Cambridge, Zlatic studied linguistics and Russian at the University of Zagreb. Alongside her studies, Zlatic was involved with the Cambridge theatre scene, taking part in Greek tragedies and Shakespeare's plays. As an undergraduate student Zlatic attended the lectures of Mike Bate, where he discussed the neural circuits of fruit flies. She enjoyed the lectures so much that she applied for a postgraduate degree. During her doctoral research Zlatic looked at the development of neurons in "Drosophila". As the nervous system starts to form, neurons start to produce axons and dendrites. Zlatic showed that sensory neurons, which allow for sight, sound, pain and touch, look for particular locations in the nervous system using positional cues.
Research and career.
After earning her doctorate, Zlatic was awarded a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Cambridge which allowed her to travel internationally and study the assembly of neural circuits. In 2009 Zlatic started her independent career at the Janelia Research Campus. At Janelia she learnt about the genetic tools used to manipulate the types of neurons in "Drosophila". Zlatic has dedicated her career to the study of the nervous system, in particular the positional cue known as the slit protein which controls how sensory neuron axons start and stop growing. She showed that slit proteins control branching along the mediolateral axis but not the dorsoventral axis, indicating that there are positional cues in three-dimensions.
Zlatic is interested the complex functions of the human brain, including language and communication. She has studied the brains of different species; including "Drosophila" and maggots. She made use of electron microscopy to map the entire Drosophila connectome, and studies the strengths of the connections between neurons that are structurally connected. By investigating the activity of these neurons it is possible to associate particular patterns with the formation of memories.
Publications.
Her publications include:
Personal life.
Zlatic is fluent in several languages, including Croatian, English, German, French, Russian, Spanish, Ancient Greek, and Latin. Alongside her enthusiasm for languages and neuroscience, Zlatic is an actress. She is married to neuroscientist .


Margaret A. Phillips

Margaret A. Phillips (born November 3, 1959) is an American biologist who is the Sam G. Winstead and F. Andrew Bell Distinguished Chair in Biochemistry at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. She was elected a Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences in 2021.
Early life and education.
Phillips was born in Cleveland. She was an undergraduate student at the University of California, Davis, where she studied biochemistry. In 1981, Philips joined Syva, a biochemistry company in Palo Alto, California. After two years she returned to university, as a graduate student at the University of California, San Francisco and the laboratory of C. C. Wang. She remained at the University of California, San Francisco as a postdoctoral scholar with William J. Rutter.
Research and career.
Phillips was appointed to the faculty at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in 1992, where she was promoted to Carolyn R. Bacon Professor in 2009 and Chair of the Department in 2016. Her research considers the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of malaria.


Psychological Assessment (journal)

Psychological Assessment is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the American Psychological Association. It was established in 1989 and covers research in clinical psychology. The current editor-in-chief is Yossef S. Ben-Porath (Kent State University).
Abstracting and indexing.
The journal is abstracted and indexed by MEDLINE/PubMed and the Social Science Citation Index. According to the "Journal Citation Reports", the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 3.371, ranking it 20th out of 127 journals in the category "Psychology, Clinical"


Neil Boothby

Dr. Neil Boothby is a psychologist and former US Government special advisor and senior coordinator to the USAID administrator on Children in Adversity, and former director of the Program on Forced Migration and Health at the Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health. Currently, he is the founding Director of the Global Center for the Development of the Whole Child at the University of Notre Dame (go.nd.edu/globalchild). His research focuses on the psychosocial consequences of organized violence on children. As a senior representative of UNICEF, UNHCR, and Save the Children, he has worked for more than 20 years with children in crises in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Eastern Europe and is an internationally recognized expert and advocate for children affected by war and displacement. He has received numerous awards for his work on behalf of war-affected children, including the Red Cross International Humanitarian of the Year Award, the Mickey Leland Award, the United Nation's Golden Achievement Award for Social Services, and Duke University's Humanitarian Service Award.
Career.
In the late 1980s Boothby was a psychologist at Duke University, and he worked for Save the Children at the Lhanguene children's center helping children who had been traumatized by exposure to armed conflict in Mozambique. He also served as an advisor to the Mozambican Ministry of Health in the attempt to develop national programs to address this problem.
Boothby's own research has focused on the effects of armed conflict and violence on children in Cambodia (1980–82), Mozambique (1988-2005), Guatemala (1983–86), former Yugoslavia (1992-3), Rwanda (1994–96), Darfur (2005–present), Palestine (2001-present), Sri Lanka, (2002–present), Uganda, (2005-2011) and Indonesia (1999-present). His longitudinal study of adult outcomes for child soldiers in Mozambique enabled him to identify interventions and community supports linked to positive life outcomes. Lessons learned from the Mozambique research are now being applied through operational agencies to current war-affected countries with large numbers of child soldiers. A second focus of his work has been on children separated from their families during war and refugee emergencies. His cornerstone study showed that many child-family separations are not accidental, but instead result from abductions and misguided agency policies and practices. This observation has been translated into international standards (including in the Convention on the Rights of the Child and UNHCR Refugee Policy) and inter-agency guidelines (International Committee of the Red Cross-UNICEF-Save the Children-International Rescue Committee).
Boothby has served as principal investigator on numerous research projects. One project focuses on the application of public health methodologies to human rights concerns, specifically development of a method to establish prevalence rates of rape and gender-based violence among refugee women girls, as well as on children associated with fighting forces. A second research project focuses on the development of an evidence base for efficacious child protection programming in crisis situations, in partnerships with operational agencies in five countries: Sierra Leone, Liberia, (northern) Uganda; Sri Lanka; and (Aceh) Indonesia. A general theme emerging from this research is the importance of the household as the main component of protection systems for children.
In 2005, Boothby founded the Care and Protection of Children Interagency Learning Network — a constellation of international and national agencies worldwide working on the development of an evidence base for efficacious child protection programming in war, disaster and post crises settings. The network has engaged in long-term research in eight countries: Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Uganda, Palestine, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia. Within this context, Boothby helped to create academic centers at the University of Indonesia (Center on Child Protection) and Makerere University (Center for the Study of the African Child).
In 2012, Boothby took a leave of absence from Columbia University to serve as the US government's special adviser and the USAID administrator's senior coordinator for Children in Adversity. Under his leadership, the US Government developed its first ever whole of government foreign assistance policy for children globally. The policy guides some $2.85 billion annual expenditures by nine US government agencies in low and middle income countries. During this time, Boothby also founded the Global Alliance for Children in Adversity, a public-private partnership dedicated to improving the health and wellbeing children in low and middle income countries. Boothby returned to academia in March 2015.
In 2019, Boothby joined the University of Notre Dame as research faculty and founding Director of the Global Center for the Development of the Whole Child, which is housed within the university's Institute for Educational Initiatives. His interdisciplinary teams strives to make certain positive outcomes for children and youth who face adversity. Currently, the Initiative works with non-governmental organizations, policy makers, communities and other stakeholders in seven countries: Colombia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, India, Kenya, Tanzania, and Peru. The goal of their work is to create environments that "not only fulfill children’s and youth’s basic needs, but also promote nurturing relationships, socio-emotional skills, and civic engagement."
He received a D.Ed. from Harvard University.(https://ncdp.columbia.edu)
Publications.
Boothby has published extensively on risk and resilience among war and disaster affected children, and is also the recipient of numerous awards for his field work.
Selected Works.
to Link Grassroots Networks of Volunteers to a National Program," African Journal of Social Development, University of Zimbabwe: 11-22.