Flandrau State Park

Flandrau State Park is a state park of Minnesota, United States, on the Cottonwood River adjacent to the city of New Ulm. Initially called Cottonwood River State Park, it was renamed in 1945 to honor Charles Eugene Flandrau, a leading citizen of early Minnesota who commanded defenses during the Battles of New Ulm in the Dakota War of 1862. The park was originally developed in the 1930s as a job creation project to provide a recreational reservoir. However the dam was repeatedly damaged by floods and was removed in 1995.
Along with the dam, crews from the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and Works Progress Administration (WPA) built several structures in the National Park Service rustic style. In a unique twist on the mandate to harmonize with the local environment, the buildings were designed to reflect the ethnic German heritage of New Ulm. The WPA barracks were reused during World War II as Camp New Ulm, housing German prisoners of war. All of these structures are listed as a district on the National Register of Historic Places.
Natural history.
Geography.
Flandrau State Park lies in a small valley carved by the east-flowing Cottonwood River. Marshy oxbow lakes mark the river's former courses along the valley floor. The steep valley walls rise . The Cottonwood joins the Minnesota River just east of the park. It originates west of the park in Lyon County, Minnesota.
The park boundary largely follows the valley rim. Trees on the slopes generally screen the adjacent development. The northern end of the park, including the campground, is within the city limits of New Ulm. No bridges cross the river within Flandrau, so the parkland on the south bank is not readily accessible. The only development there, the group center, is at the end of a gated road.
Geology.
Flandrau State Park lies atop a bedrock of shale, sandstone, and conglomerate. These sediments accumulated at the bottom of the Western Interior Seaway 100 million years ago during the late Cretaceous period. The fine-grained sandstone is white with bands of orange from iron oxide, and contains fossilized plant material. The conglomerate contains pebbles of granite that had formed 3,000–2,500 million years ago and later eroded into the seaway.
Lying directly atop the Cretaceous rocks is till just a few thousand years old. All intermediate rock had eroded away before the till was deposited in a ground moraine by continental glaciers. Within Flandrau State Park this glacial debris is thick. While the till contains some rock from Canada and northern Minnesota, most is from the local region. Numerous springs emerge at the base of the till slopes, especially at the western end of the park.
As the northern glaciers melted, the massive Glacial River Warren carved a deep channel for itself. The modern Minnesota River follows the same course, but occupies only a fraction of the former riverbed. Its tributaries must drop from the surrounding plains into the broad valley to reach their base level. This is why the Cottonwood River, a placid prairie stream for most of its length, plunges into such a deep valley near its mouth. The Cottonwood's downcutting has carved all the way through the thick glacial till and a few feet into the Cretaceous bedrock below. There may once have been a waterfall on the Cottonwood River, which eroded into rapids before achieving the steady gradient of modern times.
Flora.
The vegetation of Flandrau State Park is representative of the Upper Minnesota River Country Biocultural Region. Although the surrounding tallgrass prairie is gone, the forested river valley remains similar to times before European settlement.
The valley floor supports marshes and wet prairie interspersed with bottomland hardwood forest of willow, eastern cottonwood, American elm, silver maple, and green ash. The steep valley walls bear northern hardwood forest, although the cooler, moister north-facing slopes favor sugar maple, basswood, and common hackberry while the drier south slopes are characterized by bur oak, eastern red cedar, and aspen. A few dry, sunny knolls support prairie characterized by big bluestem and indian grass.
The park's plant communities have been altered since Euro-American settlement. Without periodic wildfires to thin woody plants, the valleyside forests have gotten denser and many prairie openings have filled in with sumac. Many elm trees were lost to Dutch elm disease. The valley floor is largely secondary forest, having been cleared for agriculture and then submerged under a reservoir.
Fauna.
Surrounded by human development, Flandrau is an important refuge for local wildlife. The 25 species of mammals seen in the park include white-tailed deer, coyotes, gray foxes, raccoons, beavers, skunks, opossums, and minks. Over 60 species of birds have been documented in the park. Most of these are songbirds migrating through rather than nesting. These include many warblers, flycatchers, vireos, and thrushes.
The Cottonwood River supports a few game fish — notably northern pike and smallmouth bass — and a greater variety of rough fish.
Cultural history.
Archaeological evidence found outside the park confirms that prehistoric Native Americans inhabited the Cottonwood River valley. A few sites were as much as 7,000 years old, though most were 2,000 years old or less. At the time of European contact in the mid-17th century the area was home to the Dakota. Pioneers began settling the Cottonwood Valley in the 1830s. In less than a century, though, the valley floor was largely abandoned due to the periodic flooding.
State park creation.
To help combat unemployment during the Great Depression, federal funding was dedicated to park development throughout the United States. The Cottonwood River valley was selected as it was in a well-populated region with no other large recreational area or lakes. Moreover, the land was largely abandoned and seemingly in need of flood control structures. The state of Minnesota purchased the property in 1934. The first Works Progress Administration (WPA) enrollees arrived in September, living in tents while they built bunkhouses, a mess hall, and an administrative building over the winter. Mostly middle-aged skilled workers, the WPA men quarried stone and constructed three park buildings: a beachhouse, a manager's residence, and a garage.
A second workforce arrived in June 1935, establishing its own camp in the southwest corner of the park. These were less-skilled workers hired through the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). They built the dam and its earthen dikes, constructed a kitchen shelter, landscaped, planted trees, and blazed trails. WPA and CCC workers cleared trees out of the lakebed. For the first year the laborers were World War I veterans from the Veterans Conservation Corps (VCC). In July 1936 they transferred to other Minnesota state parks and were replaced with the unemployed young men more typical of CCC projects.
The dam, completed in 1937 after two years of work, impounded a reservoir of . The WPA continued to work in the park until 1941 and the CCC until 1942. As planned, the WPA camp was converted to a group center while the CCC camp was razed.
The stone structures built by the WPA have been called " the most unusual architectural designs in the state park system" by the Minnesota Historical Society. A principle of the rustic style was to harmonize with the local environment, generally by using local materials. In this case, however, architect Edward W. Barber chose to reflect local culture as well, honoring the strong German heritage of New Ulm. The park buildings evoke the architecture of Germany with steeply pitched roofs, dormers, chimneys, casement windows with small panes, and fine nonlinear stonework. The beachhouse is also one of the largest New Deal structures in the Minnesota state park system.
Camp New Ulm.
During World War II, the empty group camp built by the WPA was used to house German prisoners of war in the United States. Late in the war, Great Britain was short on space and resources to provide for captured enemy combatants; meanwhile, much of the U.S. labor force was off serving in the military. The U.S. established camps throughout the country from which 450,000 POWs were employed in non-defense industries. Nine POW camps were established in Minnesota — including one other state park, Whitewater — all managed from a regional headquarters in Algona, Iowa.
About 160 German POWs arrived at Camp New Ulm in June 1944. Mostly members of the Luftwaffe (the German Air Force), they ranged in age from 18–25. Twelve men from the U.S. Army served as their guards.
The POWs primarily worked in the nearby town of Sleepy Eye at a cannery, which paid the rent on the camp. After the harvest season, prisoners worked at brick and tile factories and a poultry processing plant. Ochs Brick in Springfield was one. Small groups were hired out to local farms, unguarded, as short-term farmworkers. The POWs spent the winter at the regional main camp in Algona and returned in spring 1945. That year their use on farms expanded considerably, encompassing worksites in eight counties, while prisoners at the cannery were instrumental in packing Sleepy Eye's largest-ever pea crop.
The location of Camp New Ulm outside a town with a strong German heritage was a lucky break for the POWs. Many locals still spoke German and were sympathetic toward the prisoners (and hoping in many cases for news of relatives and the old country). German-speaking church officials held Lutheran and Catholic services in the camp and gathered donations of reading material. Although the guards warned civilians that they were not to have contact with the POWs, food was slipped over the fence, cannery workers shared ice cream and beer, and young women waded across the river at night to flirt at the camp's edge. POWs out on weeklong farm details fared best of all, often receiving full home-cooked meals at the family dinner table.
Prisoner Helmut Lichtenberg, who had become friendly with a farm family he'd worked for, arranged to slip out of camp and spend much of a weekend with them. Mindless of the severity of the infraction, the farmer and his mother-in-law drove Lichtenberg into camp Sunday afternoon, where they were stopped by guards. Lichtenberg was punished with solitary confinement; the Americans were ultimately both fined $300 and lectured by the judge. Their testimony indicated that other prisoners undertook such forays, but this was the camp's only documented escape incident.
For recreation the POWs had a clubhouse with a fireplace and library, a camp store, a sport field, and a workshop where they made their own furniture and sporting equipment. They were allowed to swim and fish in part of Cottonwood Lake. Further entertainments included newspapers, radios, and weekly movie screenings. Some musical instruments were gathered, and locals came to listen and sing along to Sunday afternoon concerts.
Camp New Ulm closed in December 1945 and all of the internees were eventually repatriated to Germany. One of the former prisoners later immigrated to the United States, settling in Wisconsin. The camp remains in use as the state park's group center, one of the country's few World War II POW camps that are still maintained. When the camp is not occupied, visitors can ask at the park office to access the grounds.
Recent history.
By World War II, sentiment developed for renaming the park after Charles Flandrau (1828–1903), a notable figure in early Minnesota history. A lawyer, indian agent, and statesman, Flandrau served on the territorial supreme court, presided over the first court session in Brown County, and led the military defense of New Ulm during the Dakota War of 1862. The name was changed in March 1945.
Two years later the Cottonwood Lake Dam was overtopped and seriously damaged by a flood. It was reconstructed at great expense, but damaged again by flooding in spring 1965. This time federal funds were denied, and the state opted for a shorter dam and a separate swimming pool. However a third damaging flood swept through in 1969. With local opinion divided about reestablishing the recreational lake, the state commissioned an independent study. The engineering consultants reported that, although a restored dam would improve habitat for panfish and block upstream movement of undesirable species such as carp, it would not provide effective flood control. The capacity of the lake basin was too small compared to the watershed, exacerbated by increased agricultural drainage and wetland loss since the original damming in the 1930s. Nor would a new dam be cost-effective for generating hydroelectricity, and the lake would be prone to heavy sedimentation and periods of poor water quality.
The director of the state parks division recommended against rebuilding the dam. Some structures remained for several years; full dam removal took place in 1995 and the Cottonwood River is again free-flowing through the park. As an interpretive sign reads, "the dam that took almost 200 men nearly two years to build was demolished by four men and heavy equipment in five months."
Recreation.
Flandrau State Park has of trails for hiking, walking, and running. Many connect to city streets such as Indian Point Dr. and Summit Ave., so the park experiences significant walk-in traffic. In winter 6 miles of the trails are groomed for cross-country skiing and 2 miles for snowshoeing.
The park maintains three campgrounds with 92 sites total, 34 of which have electrical hookups. There are also three secluded walk-in sites. Visitors can rent two camper cabins or the historic group center, which sleeps up to 110 in eight bunkhouses.
The popular day-use area centers around a unique sand-bottomed, chlorinated swimming pool. This is adjacent to the historic beachhouse and a picnic area with a playground, volleyball and horseshoes facilities, and a reservable shelter.
Most fishing is done at the downstream end of the Cottonwood River, near the park's eastern edge, where the riverbank is most easily accessed.
Flandrau is adjacent to Nehls City Park, the private New Ulm Country Club, and the August Schell Brewing Company. The Hermann Heights Monument and Martin Luther College are within blocks of the park entrance.


Strathcona Provincial Park

Strathcona Provincial Park is the oldest provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, and the largest on Vancouver Island. Founded in 1911, the park was named for Donald Alexander Smith, 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal, a wealthy philanthropist and railway pioneer. It lies within the Strathcona Regional District. The Clayoquot Sound Biosphere Reserve, established in 2000, includes three watersheds in the western area of the park.
Geography.
The park is east of Gold River and west of Campbell River. At , it contains the highest peaks of the Vancouver Island Ranges. Some notable mountains located within the park boundaries include:
Strathcona Park is also known for its lakes, waterfalls, and glaciers. Buttle Lake is a popular destination for swimming, canoeing, kayaking, and fishing. Also located in the park is Della Falls which, at in height, is among the highest waterfalls in Canada.
The thick Karmutsen Formation is the most abundant rock unit in the park. It is a pile of tholeiitic pillow basalts and breccias. It is also the oldest, thickest and most widespread formation on Vancouver Island found on Triple Peak, Cat's Ears Peak and the Mackenzie Range.
History.
This area is the traditional territory of the Mowachaht and Muchalaht people of the Nuu-chah-nulth First Nation. Commander John Buttle, for whom Buttle Lake is named, first explored the area in the 1860s. In 1890, the British Columbia government conducted a survey to define the boundaries of the E&N Railway land grant. The grant, given to Robert Dunsmuir's company in exchange for the construction of the railway, extended from Muir Creek, near Sooke at the southern end of Vancouver Island, in a straight line to Crown Mountain. All of the land between that line and the east coast of Vancouver Island was included in the grant. The line that formed the west boundary of the grant became the east boundary of Strathcona Park when it was created in 1911. Although originally planned to reach Campbell River, the railway was never constructed past Courtenay. At the time of the grant, the area within the present park boundaries was considered unexplored.
In 1894 and 1896, the area was explored by Reverend William W. Bolton. Bolton's explorations and federal government interest in establishing a national park led BC Premier Sir Richard McBride to set aside a park reserve in June 1910. McBride's Minister of Lands, Price Ellison, lead an expedition to explore the new park reserve which included the first ascent of Crown Mountain on July 29, 1910. W.W. Urquhart led a survey party, which included photographer W.R. Kent and Einar Anderson, throughout the park area in 1913 and 1914. They climbed many of the peaks and named geographic features throughout the park.
The First World War caused elaborate plans for a railway and two hotels to be abandoned. As part of the war effort,
there was logging in the Elk River Valley.
Over the years which have followed, other industrial uses have affected the park.
Mineral claims were staked in the park as early as 1911. In 1939, mining and logging became permitted in the park and in 1959 the Myra Falls Mine (originally owned by Westmin) was opened. This mine continues to operate in a section of the park called Strathcona-Westmin Provincial Park. This area is entirely within the larger park and comprises 1.5% of the total area. As a Class B park, it is intended to cease its existence and return to the main park when the mine eventually ceases operations. The mine is currently owned by Nyrstar and produces zinc, lead, copper, silver and gold concentrates.
In the mid-1950s, around the shoreline of Buttle Lake was logged to accommodate the increase in water levels from the creation of the Strathcona Dam in 1955-1958, impounding Upper Campbell Lake. Strathcona Dam is one of the three hydroelectric dams built to power the John Hart Generating Station on the Campbell River. The variation in water levels in Buttle Lake periodically exposes the stumps.
In 1987, the provincial government announced plans to remove large areas from the park for logging and other industrial uses. The Friends of Strathcona formed a blockade which attracted significant media attention and resulted in the arrest of 63 protesters. The government engaged Peter Larkin to conduct an independent review of the future of the park which eventually resulted in the Strathcona Park Master Plan. Most of the park is designated a conservation area under this plan. The Strathcona Park Public Advisory Committee was set up at this time to provide advice to BC Parks when making management decisions concerning the park.
In 1995, the McBride Creek area () and the Megin watershed () were added to the park. Later, the Divers and Rossitor Lake addition was included as well.
Recreation.
The park is a popular destination for hikers and mountain climbers, as well as swimmers, canoeists, and kayakers. There is an extensive network of hiking trails in the park; visitor facilities are located at Buttle Lake and Forbidden Plateau. The park includes campgrounds, backpacking and cross-country skiing trails, and downhill skiing. There is fishing, in season, for cutthroat, rainbow, and Dolly Varden trout. Campfires are banned in all areas of the park, except in provided fire pits.
Although there are no commercial tourist facilities in the park itself, the nearby Strathcona Park Lodge and Outdoor Education Centre provides outdoors education. Visitor facilities are available in the nearby communities of Campbell River and Gold River. Mount Washington Alpine Resort, which offers downhill and cross-country skiing, is located adjacent to the park. The Strathcona Park Lodge also offers weekend camps for tourists or international students with activities such as rock climbing, kayaking, hiking, swimming, etc.


Lake Guntersville State Park

Lake Guntersville State Park is a publicly owned recreation area located on the far north side of the city of Guntersville in Marshall County, Alabama. The state park occupies on the eastern shore of Guntersville Lake, a impoundment of the Tennessee River. The park features resort facilities and is managed by the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources.
History.
The state park had its beginnings in 1947, when the Tennessee Valley Authority transferred on Guntersville Reservoir to the state to create what was first known as Little Mountain State Park. The park opened in 1974.
In 2011, the park suffered severe damage when it was struck twice during the tornado outbreak of April 27. Hundreds of trees in the northern half of the park were destroyed by an EF2 tornado that struck in the early morning. The campgrounds also saw damage done to RV campers and the camp lodge. A second tornado, rated EF1, followed shortly after the first, damaging the park entrance and golf course. Two years later, the campground officially reopened, following a rebuilding and upgrading of facilities and the planting of more than 400 new trees.
Awards.
In September 2020, Lake Guntersville State Park was one of eleven Alabama State Parks awarded Tripadvisor’s Traveler’s Choice Award, which recognizes businesses and attractions that earn consistently high user reviews.
Activities and amenities.
The park features a resort inn, restaurant and convention complex on Taylor Mountain, 18-hole golf course, fishing center, beach complex, lakeview cottages, lakeside campground, and of National Recreation Trail-designated trails for hiking, mountain biking and horseback riding. The park opened a zip lining course in 2016, later adding a Level 2 course in 2017.


Anametalia sternaloides

Anametalia sternaloides is a species of sea urchin of the family Brissidae. Their armour is covered with spines. It is placed in the genus Anametalia and lives in the sea. Anametalia sternaloides was first scientifically described in 1874 by Bolau.


Caulerpa hedleyi

Caulerpa hedleyi is a species of seaweed in the "Caulerpaceae" family.
The seaweed has a robust stolon with erect grey-green fronds reaching in height and wide.
The species is found in deep heavily shaded waters. In Western Australia, it is found along the coast from Rottnest Island and south as far as Esperance in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia and east to South Australia.


Prasophyllum colensoi

Prasophyllum colensoi is a species of orchid endemic to New Zealand where it is commonly known as the leek orchid. It has a single tubular, dark green leaf and up to twenty scented, yellowish-green to reddish-brown flowers. It is similar to "P. hectori", the only other species of "Prasophyllum" found in New Zealand, but is distinguished from it by its smaller size, fewer flowers and different habitat.
Description.
"Prasophyllum colensoi" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single dark green, tube-shaped leaf long and wide with a whitish base. The free part of the leaf is long. Between five and twenty lightly scented flowers are crowded along a flowering spike long. The flowers are yellowish-green to reddish-brown and long. As with others in the genus, the flowers are inverted so that the labellum is above the column rather than below it. The dorsal sepal is more or less egg-shaped, long and about wide. The lateral sepals are linear to lance-shaped, about the same size as the dorsal sepal or slightly narrower and almost parallel to each other. The petals are long, about wide and turned downwards. The labellum is egg-shaped to lance-shaped, long, about wide with its outer end turned upwards so that the tip often extends between the lateral sepals. There is a thick, fleshy callus in the centre of the labellum. Flowering occurs from October to March.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Prasophyllum colensoi" was first formally described in 1853 by Joseph Dalton Hooker and the description was published in "The botany of the Antarctic voyage of H.M. discovery ships Erebus and Terror in the Years 1839-1843". The specific epithet ("colensoi") honours William Colenso.
Distribution and habitat.
This leek orchid is widespread on both the North and South Islands of New Zealand where it grows in grassland, between herbs and around the edge of bogs.


Acacia pellita

Acacia pellita is a shrub or tree belonging to the genus "Acacia" and the subgenus "Juliflorae" that is endemic to parts of tropical northern Australia.
Description.
The shrub or tree typically grows to a height of and has grey or brown coloured bark that is slightly fibrous. It has slightly angular ribbed branchlets that are covered by a dense matting of woolly hairs. Like most species of "Acacia" it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The evergreen phyllodes have a narrowly elliptic shape with a length of and a width of . The papery to slightly coriaceous phyllodes have two to four prominent main nerves that are concurrent with each other. It blooms from May to August producing yellow flowers. The cylindrical flower-spikes are in length and packed with golden coloured flowers. After flowering densely haired seed pods form that are tightly coiled in masses with a length of around and a width of with longitudinally arranged seeds inside. The black coloured seeds have an oblong shape and are in length with an oblong open areole.
Distribution.
It is native to a large area in the Northern Territory and the Kimberley region of Western Australia where the plant will grow in sandy or loamy soils and prefers damp conditions. It is often situated along creek banks growing in sandy soils as a part of "Eucalyptus" woodland communities where it is often found in shady locations on or around sandstone or laterite.


Sierra National Forest

Sierra National Forest is a U.S. National Forest located on the western slope of central Sierra Nevada in Central California and bounded on the northwest by Yosemite National Park and the south by Kings Canyon National Park. The forest is known for its mountain scenery and beautiful lakes. Forest headquarters are located in Clovis, California. There are local ranger district offices in North Fork and Prather.
History.
Sierra National Forest was the second National Forest created in California and the largest at the time. It covered over six million acres (24,000 km2) of the Sierra Nevada and was about four times the average area of typical California National Forests. Originally it embraced parts of eight counties from Tuolumne on the north to Kern on the south and Mono and Inyo on the east. Initially its name was descriptive, but later when the Sierra was divided into different units this was no longer the case.
President Harrison proclaimed the Sierra Forest Reserve on February 14, 1893. Four years later the south half became a separate unit and was named Sierra South during the "forest reserves" era. This designation was dropped after the administrative transition to the National Forests on March 4, 1907. On July 1, 1908, the Sequoia National Forest, Kings Canyon and Sequoia National Parks were established from this south portion of Sierra National Forest. Eastern portions of Sierra National Forest became the Inyo and Toiyabe National Forests; northern portions were used for Yosemite National Park and the Stanislaus National Forest.
The first timber sale on a California National Forest took place in the Sierra NF by the General Land Office in 1899.
Geography.
Sierra National Forest covers, in descending order of forestland area, the eastern portions of Fresno, Madera, and Mariposa counties, adjacent to the southern part of Yosemite National Park. It includes more than , at altitudes ranging from in elevation. The terrain includes rolling, oak-covered foothills, heavily forested middle elevation slopes and the tundra landscape of the High Sierra.
Boundaries.
The forest's boundary starts clockwise at the intersections of the Merced River, Sweetwater Creek and HWY 140, then moves east following the Merced River canyon to the border with Yosemite National Park near El Portal. Then it follows the park's southern boundary till it reaches the Inyo National forest near Electra Peak. From there it travels south to its border with Kings Canyon National Park near Mount Goethe. It follows the park's northern border, then heads south to the Kings River near Deer Canyon. From there it moves down the Kings River canyon east; south of the river is the Sequoia National Forest. When it reaches Pine Flat Lake near Trimmer, it turns north towards Tollhouse and continues on to Auberry. From there Sierra National Forest moves on to North Fork, then west to form a small finger towards Coarsegold. Finally, the boundary travels north to Yosemite Forks and moves west towards Miami Mountain, then heads north to return to the Merced River.
Recreation.
The forest includes a number of scenic attractions, including Fresno Dome and Nelder Grove. Several reservoirs offer fishing and boating, including Bass Lake, Shaver Lake, Wishon Reservoir, and Courtright Reservoir. There are numerous hiking opportunities in wilderness areas: Ansel Adams, John Muir, Dinkey Lakes, Kaiser, and Monarch. There is also a ski resort, China Peak, that operates under a special use permit. Great sailing opportunities exist at Huntington Lake.
Administration.
The Sierra National Forest is located within the Pacific Southwest region of the US Forest Service. The forest is divided into three Ranger Districts:
Bass Lake Ranger District is north and west of the San Joaquin River. Its Ranger District office is located at 57003 Road 225 North Fork, California, 93643. The district includes 36 camp sites, 17 picnic sites, 7 Off Highway Vehicle Trails, and 10 trails. It includes the Forest Service Offices of Oakhurst (40343 Hwy 41, Oakhurst, California 93644), and the Clover Meadow Wilderness Office.
High Sierra Ranger District is south and east of the San Joaquin River; it has its Ranger District office out of 29688 Auberry Rd P.O. Box 559 Prather, California 93651. This district contains 30 camp sites, 11 picnic sites, and 13 Off Highway Vehicle Trails. It also includes the following Forest Service Offices; the High Sierra visitor information station near Mono Hot Springs on the Kaiser Pass Road, Eastwood visitor information center at Hwy 168 and Kaiser Pass Road at Huntington Lake, Dinkey Creek visitor information center on Dinkey Creek Road near the Dinkey Creek Campground,
Supervisor's Office (an administrative Unit) contains the Sierra National Forest Supervisor's office (1600 Tollhouse Rd Clovis, California, 93611); the Yosemite Sierra Visitor Bureau (40343 Highway 41, Oakhurst, California 93644); and the Fresno Air Attack Base which is co-located with the Sierra National Forest Emergency Communications Center (2307 and 2309 N Clovis Ave, Fresno, California 93727) at Fresno Yosemite International Airport.
In addition, the forest has a close relationship with the Teakettle Experimental Forest which is deep inside the forest and the San Joaquin Experimental Range which is just outside the forest boundaries. They both fall in the Pacific Southwest Research Station which is based in Berkeley, California.
Ecology.
The ecology of the National Forest is typical for the western side of the southern Sierra Nevada: distributions of species are largely governed by climate, which is strongly dependent on altitude. The ecology can be described by biotic zones, which are marked by either a tree indicator species, or by a lack of trees. The biotic zones include the foothill woodland zone from (interior live oak), the lower montane zone from (Ponderosa pine), the upper montane zone from (lodgepole pine/red fir), the subalpine zone from (whitebark pine), and the alpine zone from (above the tree line).
Some of the forest are old growth, containing lodgepole pine ("Pinus contorta") and red fir ("Abies magnifica").


Yanticaw Park

Yanticaw Park is an Essex County-owned park in Nutley, New Jersey along the Third River. It is located between Centre Street and Chestnut Street, extending east to Passaic Avenue.
History.
After tremendous pressure from Nutley residents, Essex County began purchasing land in 1911 for creation of the park. Wetlands in the park were drained, and a dam was set up to form a lake. The park was completed in 1914. In 1962, the lake, containing a small island
was drained and a channel was dug as a continuation of the natural Third River from the south.
"Girls' Park".
The lower section of the park, east of Park Drive, is commonly known as Girls' Park. This is the part of the park containing the Third River. It also includes the Frank A. Cocchiola Memorial Playground, completed in 2003 and dedicated on April 17, 2006. The park has a rubberized safety surface and equipment manufactured by GameTime. Gym classes from adjacent Nutley High School are commonly seen running through the park. North of the park is a public basketball court.
In 2010, the court, along with the playground bathroom facilities, were completely renovated.
"Boys' Park".
The upper section of the park, between Park Drive and Passaic Avenue, contains the Carmen A. Orechio Recreation Complex.
This complex includes an artificial turf softball field, plus a grass one and a large grass baseball field. All were newly graded in 2010.


Iris lineata

Iris lineata is a plant species in the genus "Iris", it is also in the subgenus "Iris", and in the section "Regelia". It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of Turkestan, between Tajikistan and Afghanistan. It has tall slender stems, long leaves and greenish yellow flowers covered, with brown violet, or brown purple veining over the top. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.
Description.
It is very similar in form to"Iris darwasica".
It has a small, short rhizome, which is less than 2 cm long. It is covered (on the top) with the fibrous remains of last seasons leaves. It has secondary roots, short stolons.
It has erect, linear, leaves that are long and 0.3–0.6 cm wide. They disappear after the blooming period, and begin to re-grow the next season in January.
It has an erect stem, that can grow up to between tall.
The stem has acuminate (pointed), membranous, spathes or bracts, (leaves of the flower bud), which are long, with pale margins. The upper third of the spathe is flushed purple.
The stems hold between 2 and 3 terminal (top of stem) flowers, blooming in spring, between April and May.
The long and thin, flowers are in diameter. They are greenish yellow, with brown violet, or brown purple veining over the top.
It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'.
The elliptic to oblanceolate falls are long, and 1.3 cm wide, with a long blue beard, in the centre of the fall.
The elliptic to oblanceolate standards are long, they also have a thin beard.
It has short pedicels and a long perianth tube.
It has pale blue style branches, that are long, purple brown lobes, anthers that are 1.4–1.7 cm long, filaments that are 1–1.2 cm long and yellow pollen.
After the iris has flowered, it produces a seed capsule and seed, which have not been described.
Biochemistry.
As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.
It has a chromosome count: 2n=22.
Taxonomy.
It is pronounced as (Iris) EYE-ris (lineata) lin-ee-AY-tuh.
It is commonly known as 'Lined Iris' (in Russia).
The Latin specific epithet "lineata" means with lines (or stripes).
It refers to the veins on the narrow standards and falls.
It was first published and described by Regel in 'Gartenflora' Vol.36 Issue 201, table 1244 in 1887. Then by Foster in "Curtis's Botanical Magazine" Vol.114 in 1888.
It was also published (by Foster) in "The Gardeners' Chronicle" Series 3 Vol.4 page 36 in 1888.
Was once thought a synonym of "Iris darwasica",
In 1935, "Iris karategina" was published and described by B.Fedtsch., in 'Flora URSS' (Flora Unionis Rerumpublicarum Sovieticarum Socialisticarum) Vol 4 page542. It was later classified as a synonym of "Iris lineata".
In 1968, it was published in 'Yearbook of the British Iris Society' with a colour illustration.
It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 2 October 2014.
"Iris lineata" is an accepted name by the RHS.
Distribution and habitat.
"Iris lineata" is native to temperate areas of central Asia.
a native to Central Asia (north of Afghanistan).
Central Asia, north-eastern Afghanistan
Range.
It was found in the former country of Turkestan. The current range is between Tajikistan, (including the Karateginskii Range, within the Gissar Mountain Range), and in Afghanistan, within the upper Farkhar Valley of Farkhar District, in the Takhar Province.
Habitat.
It grows on the dry, rocky open slopes of granite mountains.
They can be found at an altitude of above sea level.
Conservation.
This is a protected iris, listed on the Red Data Book of Tajikistan.
Cultivation.
It prefers to grow in well-drained soils in full sun.
It can be grown in alpine houses.
It was last introduced into cultivation in the UK by Paul Furse in 1967.


Streptomyces halstedii

Streptomyces halstedii is a bacterium species from the genus of "Streptomyces" which has been isolated from deeper soil layers. "Streptomyces halstedii" produces magnamycin B, vicenistatin deltamycin A2, deltamycin A3, bafilomycin B1 and bafilomycin C1.


Kunzea bracteolata

Kunzea bracteolata is a plant in the myrtle family found north of Glen Innes in northern New South Wales and in southern Queensland. It is a small shrub with spreading branches, small elliptic leaves and strongly scented white flowers on the ends of the branches in late spring.
Description.
"Kunzea bracteolata" is a shrub which grows to a height of about with branches up to long and hairy when young. The leaves are bright green and elliptic in shape, long, about wide on a stalk less than long. The leaves are covered with fine hairs when young and only the mid-vein is obvious. The flowers are white, have a strong honey-scent and are arranged in clusters on the ends of the branches. The sepals are triangular, about long and the petals are a similar length but the stamens are about twice as long. Flowering occurs from October to December and is followed by the fruit which is about long and wide.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Kunzea bracteolata" was first formally described in 1905 by Joseph Maiden and Ernst Betche and the description was published in Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. The type specimen was collected in 1904 by John Boorman, who collected widely for the Sydney Botanic Gardens. The specific epithet (bracteolata) is a Latin word meaning "overlaid with scales".
Distribution and habitat.
This kunzea grows in forest on granite in scattered populations north from Glen Innes to southern Queensland. There is a large population in the Gibraltar Range National Park.
Use in horticulture.
"Kunzea bracteolata" has profuse, conspicuous, scented white flowers which are visited by many insects. The plant can be propagated from cuttings, is frost tolerant and drought tolerant when established but benefits from being pruned to maintain its shape.


Jacksonia lehmannii

Jacksonia lehmannii is a species of leafless broom-like shrub or small tree in the family Fabaceae that is native to the south west of Western Australia. It was first described by Carl Meissner in 1844. It has no synonyms.


Cystoseira elegans

Cystoseira elegans is a species of brown algae in the genus "Cystoseira" endemic to the Mediterranean.
Hydroxylated diterpenoid-hydroquinones can be isolated from "C. elegans".


Kooser State Park

Kooser State Park is a Pennsylvania state park in Jefferson Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. The park, which borders Forbes State Forest, was built in the 1930s by the Civilian Conservation Corps, who also built the Kooser Lake by damming Kooser Run. Kooser State Park is on Pennsylvania Route 31 a one-hour drive from Pittsburgh. The park is surrounded by Forbes State Forest.
History.
The earliest settlers to the Kooser Run area told of an American Indian battle that took place near Kooser Run. A large number of war arrows and spearheads have since been found in the area. The area was also crossed by participants in the Whiskey Rebellion. The park is named for John Kooser. He settled near Kooser Spring in what is now the western edge of Kooser State Park.
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania purchased the land for Kooser State Park in 1922. The land had been stripped of its old-growth forest during the lumber era that swept through Pennsylvania during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The forests slowly grew back with the help of the Civilian Conservation Corps. The CCC established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression built a camp on the western edge of Kooser State Park. The young men of the CCC built the dam on Kooser Run creating Kooser Lake. They also built roads, outdoor fireplaces and cabins. Much of their work can still be seen today at Kooser State Park. They used the materials at hand to create the buildings and facilities of the park. The cabins are made from logs plucked from the nearby forests. They used native stone to create the fireplaces. All repairs made to the park facilities today are made with the rustic nature of the park in mind.
The Kooser State Park Family Cabin District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987, as a national historic district. The district includes 13 contributing buildings.
Recreation.
Cabins and camping.
There are nine cabins built by the CCC available for rent year-round. The cabins are primarily used by skiers after deer season until late March. The cabins are rustic. A modern showerhouse is nearby. All of the cabins are furnished with mattresses, chairs, table, stove, microwave, refrigerator, hot and cold running water, and electric lights.
The campground at Kooser State Park is open the second Friday in April and closes in mid-October. There are 47 sites that are open to tents or campers. 14 of the campsites have electric hook ups.
Trails.
The trails of Kooser State Park are used for hiking and cross-country skiing. Kooser Trail is . It is very popular with cross country skiers because of the heavy amounts of yearly snowfall. Kincora Trail is and is used by hikers and is named in honor of Father Kincora, a Roman Catholic priest from Ireland. Hunting is not permitted at Kooser State Park, but the trails are used by hunters who rent cabins at the park to reach the woods of Forbes State Forest.
Kooser Lake.
Kooser Lake is a man-made lake built during the Great Depression by the Civilian Conservation Corps. The swimming beach is open from Memorial Day weekend until the middle of September. There are no lifeguards. There is no swimming currently permitted in Kooser Lake. Boating is not permitted on Kooser Lake. It is open to fishing for trout, bass and bluegill.
Swimming has not been permitted at the lake since mid-2012 due to an unhealthful algae problem. The lake remains open for fishing. As of August 2016, according to a Park Ranger the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania will work on the lake to deepen it in 2017.
Nearby state parks.
The following state parks are within of Kooser State Park:


Council Crest Park

Council Crest Park is a city park in southwest Portland in the U.S. state of Oregon. Amenities include paved and unpaved paths, a dog off-leash area, picnic tables, public art, a view point, and a wedding site that can be reserved. The park, operated by Portland Parks & Recreation, is open year-round from 5 a.m. to midnight. It was the site of an amusement park from 1907 until 1929.
Description and history.
At above sea level, Council Crest is one of the highest points in the Tualatin Mountains (West Hills) that run parallel to the Willamette River in Portland, and is well known for its views of Portland and its environs. The hill was part of a donation land claim by John B. Talbot and was first known as "Talbot Mountain". Later, the hill became known as "Glass Hill" and then "Fairmount", the name of a road that encircles it. In 1898, delegates to the Triennial National Council of Congregational Churches met on the hill and decided to name it "Council Crest". A later assertion that Native Americans held councils on the summit remains unsupported by evidence.
 Streetcar service to the site began on September 20, 1906, when the Portland Railway, Light and Power Company (PRL&P) opened a newly constructed streetcar loop that extended the "Portland Heights" line (later renamed the "Council Crest" line) to the summit of the hill. Soon after, in 1907, an amusement park built by PRL&P was opened, and it featured a merry-go-round, miniature railway, Ferris wheel and other entertainments, served exclusively by the streetcar line. Named Council Crest Amusement Park, it closed in 1929, and the city acquired the property in 1937.
By the time of the Portland vice scandal, the hillsides of Council Crest were frequented for gay cruising.
The amusement park's wooden observation tower was torn down in 1941 and replaced by a steel water-storage tower. Streetcar service ended on August 9, 1949, with the abandonment of the uppermost section of the Council Crest streetcar line, the service being cut back to the intersection of Vista Avenue and Patton Road. Removal of the rails along the line's private right-of-way began the next day, and a road was then built along the former rail-only right-of-way. The line had been one of the most famous and scenic trolley lines in North America. (The remainder of the Council Crest line was abandoned six months later, on February 26, 1950, with the closure of the city's last three urban streetcar lines.) Today, the Council Crest neighborhood is served by TriMet Line 51, but the bus service does not reach Council Crest Park.
One of the streetcars which had served the line, car 506, was on static display at Council Crest Park for more than 20 years, from November 1950 until 1972, when it was removed after being damaged by vandals. It was later acquired by the Oregon Electric Railway Historical Society and is preserved at that group's museum. The former streetcar line is also memorialized by replica-vintage streetcars which provided the Portland Vintage Trolley heritage service from 1991 to 2013, and on the Willamette Shore Trolley line starting in 2014. The ends of these cars display the same slogan as was displayed by the streetcars serving the Council Crest line: "See Portland from Council Crest".
Although the observation tower erected in 1907 was dismantled in 1941, the city later built an observation area in the park from which it is possible to see Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens, Mount Adams, Mount Hood, and Mount Jefferson in the Cascade Range.
The peak encompassed by the park is commonly known as the highest point within the Portland City Limits, but there are higher points just inside the city limits along Skyline Drive in NW Portland (the elevation around 414 NW Skyline Blvd. is at approximately 1160' (355m)), although those locations do not have the publicly-accessible views offered by Council Crest Park.


Caladenia iridescens

Caladenia iridescens, commonly known as bronze caps or bronze caladenia is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to Victoria. It is a ground orchid with a single leaf and one or two dusky red, purplish to greenish-brown flowers, often with golden tints and greenish to brownish on the back.
Description.
"Caladenia iridescens" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with a spherical underground tuber. It has a single, sparsely hairy, linear leaf, long and wide. One or two flowers are borne on a spike tall. The flowers are dusky red, purplish to greenish-brown flowers, often with golden tints and greenish to brownish on the back. The dorsal sepal is long, about wide and curves forward, more or less forming a hood over the column. The lateral sepals are long, about wide and spread widely or curve downwards. The petals are long, about wide and also spread widely. The labellum is long, about wide and whitish with red or purple lines. The sides of the labellum have blunt, dark red teeth, its tip is rolled under and there are four crowded rows of calli along its mid-line. Flowering occurs in October and November.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Caladenia iridescens" was first formally described in 1920 by Richard Rogers from a specimen collected at "Hall Gap" and the description was published in "Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia".
Distribution and habitat.
Bronze caps occurs mainly in the Grampians where it grows in woodland and shrubby forest.


Portland Gale

The Portland Gale was a storm that struck the coast of New England on November 26 and 27, 1898. The storm formed when two low pressure areas merged off the coast of Virginia and travelled up the coast; at its peak, it produced a storm surge of about ten feet in Cohasset harbor and hurricane-force winds in Nantucket. The storm killed more than 400 people and sank more than 150 boats and ships. It also changed the course of the North River, separating the Humarock portion of Scituate, Massachusetts, from the rest of Scituate.
Loss of the SS "Portland".
On November 26, 1898, the steamship SS "Portland" left India Wharf in Boston, Massachusetts, for Portland, Maine, on a regularly scheduled run. She never made it to port. None of the 192 passengers and crew survived the massive storm that wreaked havoc on New England's coast — a storm that was later dubbed "the Portland Gale" after the tragic loss of the ship.
For years, controversy reigned as to the location of the ill-fated ship. In the summer of 2002, Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, joined by the National Undersea Research Center at the University of Connecticut (UConn), solved the mystery surrounding the "Portland"'s location. Using data from American Underwater Search and Survey, they brought back images from the sea floor that conclusively identified the remains of the steamship "Portland".
Researchers from NOAA's Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, along with the NOAA-UConn team and filmmakers from [The Science Channel], returned to the wreck of the famed 19th-century steamship from September 13–18, 2003. Kicking off the expedition to peer into the vessel's past and plan for its future, the team conducted the first surveys of the "Portland" since its location was confirmed in August 2002 within NOAA's Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary off the Massachusetts coast.
In addition to documenting the "Portland", the expedition team investigated the wrecks of the "Louise B. Crary" and "Frank A. Palmer", a pair of Boston-bound coal schooners that collided and sank in 1902 as a result of a navigational error. Like the "Portland", the "Crary" and "Palmer" lie within the boundaries of Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary. Side-scan sonar images obtained in 2002 during a joint mission between NOAA and NURC-UConn revealed that the two large vessels plunged to the sea floor simultaneously, their bows locked together in a deadly embrace. Schooners Columbia and Delaware also sank in the gale.
Damage to coastal towns.
Dozens of houses were destroyed in each of the towns along the South Shore of Massachusetts. Coastal railroads were damaged in Scituate and in Hull, telegraph and electric lines were severed, and the ferris wheel and roller coaster in Hull were destroyed. The Duxbury pier was damaged, beaches were badly eroded, and dozens of ships and boats were wrecked on the beaches.
Change to the course of the North River.
The southern coast of Scituate, Massachusetts, is marked by four distinct flaws, running from First Cliff on the northern end of the town's coast down to Fourth Cliff in the southern end. The area surrounding and including Fourth Cliff is called Humarock. Prior to the Portland Gale, the North River flowed south between Fourth Cliff and Marshfield, Massachusetts, joining the South River and entering the ocean two kilometers to the south of the current opening. A thin strip of beach, which connected Third Cliff to Fourth Cliff, was breached by the storm, leaving Fourth Cliff an island. Eventually the old inlet has silted in, forcing the South River to flow north between Marshfield and Fourth Cliff, where it now joins the North River to enter the ocean between Third and Fourth Cliffs. Although Fourth Cliff is now connected by land to Marshfield, north of Rexhame Beach, there are no roads across the old inlet. As a result, Fourth Cliff and the rest of the Humarock part of Scituate are only accessible via the Marshfield Avenue and Julian Street bridges from Marshfield. The change to the course of the North River also increased the salinity of the large marsh area surrounding the current outlet, resulting in the loss of the valuable salt haying business.


Brissopsis similis

Brissopsis similis is a species of sea urchins of the Family Brissidae. Their armour is covered with spines. Brissopsis similis was first scientifically described in 1948 by Ole Theodor Jensen Mortensen.


Niobrara State Park

Niobrara State Park is a public recreation area located at the confluence of the Missouri and Niobrara rivers in the northeast corner of Nebraska. The state park occupies river bluffs to the west of the village of Niobrara and the Niobrara River. The park includes the Niobrara River Bridge, a decommissioned railroad bridge listed on the National Register of Historic Places. A variety of animals, notably white-tailed deer and wild turkeys, roam the park by day, while at night, coyotes and whip-poor-wills mingle their cries and calls. The park is managed by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission.
History.
The first state park at the mouth of the Niobrara River was called Niobrara Island State Park. Niobrara Island had been a Niobrara town park until it was transferred to the state in 1930. Both the state and the Civilian Conservation Corps made improvements to the site in the 1930s. The park's present-day site opened in 1987 after the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission purchased 1,231 acres of higher land to the west of the original park. Cabins at the old park that were still in use in 1987 were subsequently abandoned because of high water in the area.
Activities and amenities.
Park facilities include a swimming pool and interpretive center. Visitors can tour the park via of roads and of hiking trails. The park offers RV and primitive camping as well as cabins that overlook the river.


Goniodiscaster porosus

Goniodiscaster porosus is a species of sea stars in the family Oreasteridae.


Waldo Park

Waldo Park is a municipal park, located in downtown Salem, Oregon, United States. It is one of the smallest city parks in the world, measuring . The park consists of a giant sequoia (one of the biggest tree species in the world) surrounded by landscaping and marked with a plaque and sign.
The park is named for the 19th-century lawyer and Marion County judge William Waldo, who planted the tree on his property in 1872. Waldo later sold his property to the city, under condition that the tree be preserved. In 1936, the tree was made into a city park as a result of activism by the American War Mothers, with the support of prominent Salem citizens.
The tree is located at the intersection of Union and Summer streets, with Summer Street, a major Salem thoroughfare, temporarily reduced in width to make room for the tree. The tree currently reaches a height of . It is a designated Oregon Heritage Tree.


Homoranthus homoranthoides

Homoranthus homoranthoides is a plant in the myrtle family Myrtaceae and is endemic to South Australia.
Description.
"Homoranthus homoranthoides" is a distinctive species recognised by its low growing prostrate habit. A shrub with greyish green linear leaves, small pendulous cream coloured flowers which turn red as they age.
Taxonomy and naming.
This species was first formally described in 1853 by Ferdinand von Mueller who gave it the name "Schuermannia homoranthoides" and published the description in the journal "Linnaea". In 1991, Lyndley Craven and S.R.Jones changed the name to "Homoranthus homoranthoides". The specific epithet ("homoranthoides") refers to the similarity of this species (when named as "Schuermannia homoranthoides") to those in the genus "Homoranthus". The ending "-oides" is a Latin suffix meaning "like", "resembling" or "having the form of".
Distribution and habitat.
"Homoranthus homoranthoides" grows in heath and woodland on the southern part of the Eyre Peninsula. Grows on a variety of substrates in mallee heath and woodland.
Conservation status.
Moderately restricted distribution although well reserved and often locally common.


Phrynobatrachus albifer

Phrynobatrachus albifer is a species of frog native to Tanzania. It lives near inland fresh water bodies.


Adromischus marianae

Adromischus marianae is a species of succulent plants in the genus "Adromischus" belonging to the family Crassulaceae.
Description.
"Adromischus marianae" is a very variable species reaching a height of . This perennial succulent and slow-growing subshrub has usually thin and short branches and forms a small cluster of rough, warty and nearly spherical leaves resembling dried raisins, quite variable in colour but usually green or red-brown or purplish, up to 3.5 cm long. Flowers are green with a pinkish nuance, about 12 mm long.
Cultivation.
"A. marianae" requires bright light and should not be overwatered. It typically struggles at temperatures below 5°C.
Distribution.
This plant is native to South Africa and Namibia.
Habitat.
"Adromischus marianae" grows on granite hills, sometimes inside the cracks of the rocks and in the shade of bushes.


Acrymia ajugiflora


Gaylussacia orocola

Gaylussacia orocola, the Blue Ridge huckleberry, is a plant species native to the coastal plains of the southeastern United States (Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida).
"Gaylussacia orocola" is a shrub up to 100 cm (40 inches) tall, sometimes forming small colonies. Flowers are in groups of 4–8, white. Fruits are black, essentially tasteless. The species grows in bogs in the mountains of the southern Appalachians.


Puccinellia laurentiana

Puccinellia laurentiana is a perennial grass which grows on gravelly seashores in south-eastern Canada. Its specific epithet "laurentiana" refers to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, where it grows.
Description.
"Puccinellia laurentiana" has solitary or somewhat tufted culms growing high. Its leaves are cauline with involute blades long. Basal leaf sheaths can be somewhat white. Its ligules are long and somewhat acute. Its panicle is long, with stiff and nearly glabrous floral branches. The branches are ascending. Its whitish spikelets are long with three to five flowers. The acute glumes are erose to serrulate; the first glume is long, narrowly ovate and acutish, with one nerve, and the second is long, broadly ovate and abruptly acute, with three nerves. The ovate lemmas are long and profusely pubescent on their lower nerves. The palea are lanceolate and scabrous above. The grass typically flowers from July into early August.
"P. laurentiana" resembles "Puccinellia coarctata" and "Puccinellia vaginata", but differs from both in its abruptly acuminate whitish lemmas and stiff involute leaves. It additionally differs from "P. coarctata" in its lemmas' pubescent nerves.
Habitat and distribution.
"Puccinellia laurentiana" grows on gravelly seashores and sea cliffs in south-eastern Quebec and north-eastern New Brunswick, often on the Gulf of St. Lawrence for which it is named. It can rarely be found in Nova Scotia and Maine.


Brachyscome segmentosa

 Brachyscome segmentosa, commonly known as the Lord Howe Island daisy or mountain daisy, is a herb in the daisy family, Asteraceae. The specific epithet comes from the Latin "segmentum" (“segment”) with the suffix "-osa" (indicating abundance), alluding to the many deep divisions of the leaf.
Description.
The plant grows up to 40 cm in height, and about the same in width. The bright green lobed leaves are 3–7 cm long and 1–2 cm wide. The flowers are terminal on 20 cm scapes; the ray florets are white, the disc florets yellow, with a corolla diameter of 2.5–4 cm.
Distribution and habitat.
The daisy is endemic to Australia’s subtropical Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea. It is common on damp rocky ledges at medium to higher elevations on the island's southern mountains, but is rare in the lowlands. It is closely related to "Brachyscome diversifolia" var. "maritima" Benth., which is found on islands in Bass Strait.
The plant has been introduced to cultivation. The cultivar "Brachyscome" 'Valencia' is believed to be a hybrid between "B. segmentosa" and "B. angustifolia" var. "heterophylla".


Iris narynensis

Iris narynensis is a plant species in the genus "Iris", it is also in the subgenus of "Scorpiris". It is a bulbous perennial.
It was published in Bulletin of the Jardin of St Peterburg's Botanic Garden 159 in 1905.
The name comes from the Naryn River in Kyrgyzstan, where the iris was found.
It is listed in 1995 in "Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR)" by Czerepanov, S. K.
Tony Hall published an article about "Iris narynensis" in "Curtis Botanical Magazine" in 2007.
"Iris narynensis" is an accepted name by the Royal Horticultural Society.
It is hardy to United States Department of Agriculture Zones 4-5.
It has been collected and displayed in the Tashkent Botanical Garden.
Habit.
"Iris narynensis" has 1 or 2 dark-violet(or pale violet). It has dark violet falls. The flowers
are up to 7 cm across. It is a very small growing iris, only reaching 5 cm (or 2 in.)
Native.
"Iris narynensis"Correcting publication info is native to Kyrgyzstan in USSR and Tien Shan Mountains in Central Asia. It has been found in a river canyon at around 600 m above sea level.


Point Beach State Forest

Point Beach State Forest is a Wisconsin state forest near Two Rivers, Wisconsin in Manitowoc County. The forest is located along of the Lake Michigan coast. Point Beach State Forest was established in 1938. The Point Beach Ridges, a National Natural Landmark, are located within the forest.


John A. Latsch State Park

John A. Latsch State Park is a state park of Minnesota, USA, on the Mississippi River, northwest of Winona. The park contains three steep bluffs rising above the river which are named Mount Faith, Mount Hope, and Mount Charity. The park is nearly undeveloped, with a small walk-in campground (closed to use currently) and only one trail. It functions primarily as a wayside on U.S. Route 61, which runs between the river and the base of the bluffs. Lock and Dam No. 5 is adjacent to the park.
Natural history.
The park sits on limestone laid down on the floor of a shallow sea 500 million years ago. Torrents of runoff at the end of the Wisconsin glaciation 10,000 years ago carved the bed of the Mississippi River down into this limestone, leaving high bluffs along its banks. The park is situated in the Driftless Area, an atypically rugged region of the Upper Midwest because it was never glaciated and covered with a layer of glacial till, or drift.
Flora and fauna.
The steepness of the three bluffs deterred logging, and the forest cover today is a high quality mix of many different species. These include several kinds of oak, maple, elm, cedar, and ash, as well as black walnut, hickory, basswood, ironwood, birch, and poplar.
A great variety of birds migrate past the park along the Mississippi Flyway. Terrestrial species include white-tailed deer, coyotes, red foxes, opossums, and timber rattlesnakes.
Cultural history.
The three bluffs were named by steamboat captains, who used them as landmarks. A logging town with its own steamboat landing was active here in the 1850s, supplying lumber to sawmills in newly founded Winona. The townsite has since been submerged by water backed up by the lock and dam.
John A. Latsch was a Winona businessman who loved fishing beneath these three bluffs. He purchased some of the property and, along with an adjacent landowner, donated for a state park in 1925. Latsch was a lifelong patron of conservation; Whitewater State Park and Wisconsin's Perrot State Park both grew out of other parcels he donated. He was also a founder of the Izaak Walton League, an early environmental non-profit organization.
Development at this park stagnated, largely because the only level land was at the mouths of the small ravines that separated the three bluffs. The Civilian Conservation Corps blazed a trail to the top of Mount Charity, the highest of the trio, in 1933. Latsch, who died the following year, recorded his regret that he hadn't acquired more property in the beginning. In 1963 the Minnesota Legislature authorized an extension of the park's boundaries, to include a sizeable area behind the bluffs. However this property is yet to be acquired from its private owners, and the publicly held land in the park amounts to only . A 1971 analysis recommended that John A. Latsch State Park be reclassified as a Scientific and Natural Area, though this has not been acted upon either.
Recreation.
The park features a picnic ground and 7 primitive walk-in campsites (which are currently closed to the public). Water is available seasonally from a pump. The only trail is the steep, Riverview Trail, which climbs to the top of Mount Charity, offering a panoramic view of the Mississippi River Valley.


Leptospermum brachyandrum

Leptospermum brachyandrum is a species of shrub or small tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has smooth bark, linear to lance-shaped leaves and white flowers and usually grows along creeks, often in water.
Description.
"Leptospermum brachyandrum" is a shrub or small tree that typically grows to a height of and has smooth bark that is shed in strips. Young stems are slender and densely hairy at first. The leaves are linear to lance-shaped, long, wide and more or less sessile. The flowers are borne singly or in groups of up to seven in leaf axils or on the ends of branchlets and are about in diameter. The floral cup is mostly glabrous, about long. The sepals are about long and remain attached as the fruit develops. The petals are long and white and the stamens are about long. Flowering occurs from November to January and the fruit is a woody capsule in diameter.
Taxonomy and naming.
This tea-tree was first formally described in 1919 by Ferdinand von Mueller who gave it the name "Kunzea brachyandra" and published the description in the journal "Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae". In 1917, George Claridge Druce changed the name to "Leptospermum brachyandrum". The specific epithet ("brachyandrum") is derived from ancient Greek words meaning "short" and "male", referring to the stamens which are shorter than those of kunzeas.
Distribution and habitat.
"Leptospermum brachyandtum" usually grows in shrubby forest along rocky creeks, often in water. It is found in coastal and near-coastal areas from North Queensland to Port Macquarie in northern New South Wales.


Eucalyptus dendromorpha

Eucalyptus dendromorpha, the Budawang ash or giant mallee ash is a species of tree endemic to southeastern Australia. It has rough, compacted bark on the lower part of the trunk, smooth white to cream-coloured bark above, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and eleven, white flowers and cup-shaped or barrel-shaped fruit.
Description.
"Eucalyptus dendromorpha" is a tree that typically grows to a height of but sometimes to , and forms a lignotuber. It has rough, compacted scaly, flaky or short-fibrous bark on the base of the trunk, smooth grey or white bark above, the smooth bark often with insect scribbles. Young plants and coppice regrowth have elliptic leaves that are glossy green but paler on the lower surface, long and wide. Adult leaves are the same glossy green on both sides, lance-shaped to curved, long and wide on a petiole long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven, nine or eleven, on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on a pedicel long. Mature flower buds are oval to club-shaped, long and wide with a conical to rounded operculum with a small point on the tip. Flowering mainly occurs in December and January and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody cup-shaped or barrel-shaped capsule long and wide on a pedicel long and with the valves enclosed below the rim of the fruit.
Taxonomy and naming.
Budawang ash was first formally described in 1941 by William Blakely from a specimen collected by Richard Hind Cambage in West Albion Park near MacquariePass. Blakely gave it the name "Eucalyptus obtusiflora" var. "dendromorpha" and published the description in "The Australian Naturalist". In 1972 Lawrie Johnson and Donald Blaxell raised the variety to species status as "E. dendromorpha". The specific epithet ("dendromorpha") is derived from the Ancient Greek words "dendron" meaning "tree" and "morphe" meaning "form" or "shape", referring to the habit of this species, compared to the mallee "E. obtusiflora".
This species is similar to the white ash, but has differently coloured juvenile leaves and seeds.
Distribution and habitat.
"Eucalyptus dendromorpha" grows in forest on the ranges south from Mount Tomah in the Blue Mountains to Monga near Braidwood.


Cliffs of the Neuse State Park

Cliffs of the Neuse State Park is a North Carolina state park in Seven Springs, Wayne County, North Carolina in the United States. It is located near Seven Springs, North Carolina and covers along the southern banks of the Neuse River. It has a swimming area, camp sites, hiking trails, fishing areas, and picnic areas. The park's museum features exhibits about the geology and natural history of the cliffs and the park. Extending for , the series of cliffs rise above the water. Layers of sand, clay, seashells, shale and gravel form the multicolored cliff face, a rainbow of white, tan, yellow and brown.
History.
The cliffs were formed when a fault in the Earth's crust shifted millions of years ago. The Neuse River followed this fault line and, over time, cut its course through layers of sediment deposited by shallow seas that had earlier covered the coastal plain. A portion of the river took a bend against its bank and the water's erosive action slowly carved Cliffs of the Neuse.
Much of the human history of the area centers around the river. The Tuscarora and Saponi Indian tribes once occupied much of the land between the Neuse and Pamlico rivers. What is now the park used to be a ceremonial ground and a gathering place for hunting expeditions. The river was also used for travel into the surrounding wilderness.
In 1944, local landowner Lionel Weil, a founder of Goldsboro's historic Oheb Shalom synagogue and uncle of Gertrude Weil, proposed that the cliffs area along the Neuse River be preserved as a state park. The park was established in 1945 when land on the south side of the river was donated by Lionel Weil and other individuals through the Wayne Foundation. An additional contribution of approximately extended the boundary east of the river. Additional purchases and donations increased the park to its present size of .
Plants and Animals.
A range of habitats contributes to the variety of plants in the park. River margins, flood plains, rolling uplands and ravines are home to a large mixture of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants. More than 420 species of plants have been recorded in the park.
Opossums, raccoons, foxes, and squirrels are common in the campground and along hiking trails, while river otter and muskrat can be seen swimming along the waterways. Reptiles and amphibians are equally at home in the wetland and aquatic habitats. Most of the snakes are nonvenomous, although copperheads are present. Small nocturnal rodents and white-tailed deer live in the area but are discreet and seldom seen. Sightings of black bears and a coyote have taken place at the park.
Birds are abundant in the park during any season. The northern parula nests in clumps of Spanish moss while the prothonotary warbler lives along the river. Fall and winter bring a host of migratory waterfowl to the area to join the native wood duck.


Penicillium thomii

Penicillium thomii is an anamorph species of fungus in the genus "Penicillium" which was isolated from spoiled faba beans in Australia. "Penicillium thomii" produces hadicidine, 6-methoxymelline and penicillic acid


Indian Springs State Park

Indian Springs State Park is a 528-acre (2.147km²) Georgia state park located near Jackson and Flovilla. The park is named for its several springs, which the Creek Indians used for centuries to heal the sick. The water from these springs is said to have a rotten smell and taste. Indian Springs is thought to be the oldest state park in the nation. It was acquired from the Creek Indians by the state through the Treaty of Indian Springs (1835) and the Treaty of Washington (1836). Thereafter, Indian Springs has been operated continuously by the state as a public park, although it did not gain the title "State Park" until 1931. The area became a resort town in the 19th century. It became an official "State Forest Park" in 1927. In 1931, along with Vogel State Park, it became a founding unit of Georgia's state park system.
Visitors are still allowed to sample the park's spring water, all the while enjoying swimming, fishing, and boating. Several structures within the park were built during the Great Depression by members of the Civilian Conservation Corps. The park also contains a 105-acre (0.42 km²) lake consistently stocked with fish, as well as a 3/4 mile (1.21 km) nature trail. A 3.25 mile (5.23 km) trail connects the park to Dauset Trails.
The park features a small museum that is open seasonally. Exhibits include the park's natural history, the resort era, activities of the CCC, and the history and culture of the Creek Indians.


Parthenocissus inserta

Parthenocissus inserta (syn. Parthenocissus vitacea), also known as thicket creeper, false Virginia creeper, woodbine, or grape woodbine, is a woody vine native to North America, in southeastern Canada (west to southern Manitoba) and a large area of the United States, from Maine west to Montana and south to New Jersey and Missouri in the east, and Texas to Arizona in the west. It is present in California, but it may be an introduced species that far west.
Description.
"Parthenocissus inserta" is a climbing and sprawling woody vine (liana), reaching lengths of 20 m, using small branched tendrils with twining tips. The leaves are palmately compound, composed of five leaflets, each leaflet reaching 13 cm in length and 7 cm broad. The leaflets have a coarsely toothed margin.
The flowers are small and greenish, produced in clusters in late spring, and mature in late summer or early fall into small blue-black berries. These berries contain oxalates and the plant may cause dermatitis.
"Parthenocissus inserta" is closely related to and commonly confused with "Parthenocissus quinquefolia" (Virginia creeper). They differ in their means of climbing, with the tendrils twining around plant stems in "P. inserta" lacking the round, adhesive discs found on the tendril tips of "P. quinquefolia", though the ends may be club-shaped when inserted into a crevice. One consequence of this is that (unlike "P. quinquefolia") it cannot climb smooth walls, only through shrubs and trees. In addition, the leaflets of "P. inserta" are shiny when young and only slightly pale below, while those of "P. quinquefolia" are dull above and pale green, whitened, or glaucous below. "P. inserta" flowerhead branching is dichotomous or trichotomous, with branches of equal thickness, while "P. quinquefolia" branches unequally, with a definite central axis. The berries of "P. inserta" are larger, at 8–12 mm in diameter, versus 5–8 mm broad in "P. quinquefolia". The petiolules of mature "P. inserta" leaflets are typically longer, at 5–30 mm long, versus sessile or up to 10 mm in "P. quinquefolia".
Taxonomy.
"Parthenocissus inserta" was first described in 1887 by Anton Kerner, as "Vitis inserta". It was transferred to "Parthenocissus" by Karl Fritsch in 1922. Separately, in 1893, Ellsworth Brownell Knerr described it as the variety "vitacea" of "Ampelopsis quinquefolia" (a synonym of "Parthenocissus quinquefolia"). Albert Spear Hitchcock raised the variety to the full species "Parthenocissus vitacea" in 1894. Kerner's epithet "inserta" has priority over Knerr's "vitacea", so the correct name is "Parthenocissus inserta".
Ecology.
The flowers of thicket creeper are frequently visited by "Mordella marginata", a tumbling flower beetle. Several bee species have been observed collecting pollen from the flowers, including the sweat bees "Augochlora pura", "Lasioglossum subviridatum", and "Lasioglossum zephyrus". The fruits are eaten by birds.


Oxera baladica

Oxera baladica is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae. It comprises two subspecies, both of which are included as vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List:


Trombidium kneissli

Trombidium kneissli is a species of mite in the genus "Trombidium" in the family Trombidiidae. It is found in Europe.
Name.
The species is named in honor of the priest Ludwig Kneißl, whose mite collection can be found in Zoologische Staatssammlung München.


Xyris laxiflora

Xyris laxifolia is a New World species of flowering plants in the yellow-eyed-grass family. It is widespread in North America, South America and Mesoamerica.
"Xyris laxifolia" is a perennial herb up to 90 cm (3 feet) tall with grass-like leaves up to 70 cm (28 inches) long and 25 mm (1 inch) wide.


Microtis orbicularis

Microtis orbicularis, commonly known as the dark mignonette orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to southern Australia. It has a single thin, more or less hollow, onion-like leaf and up to fifty small yellowish-green and red flowers. The plants grow in winter-wet areas, often in shallow water and unlike the similar "M. cupularis" do not turn black as they dry.
Description.
"Microtis orbicularis" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single erect, smooth, almost tubular leaf long and about wide. Between three and thirty yellowish-green and reddish flowers are well spaced along a flowering stem , reaching to a height of tall. The flowers are about long and wide. The dorsal sepal is egg-shaped, long and wide. The lateral sepals are linear, about long, wide, pressed against the ovary and hidden below the labellum. The petals are lance-shaped to egg-shaped, long, about wide and spread apart below the dorsal sepal. The labellum is more or less round, shallow cup-shaped, fleshy, long and wide. Flowering occurs from September to December.
Taxonomy and naming.
The dark mignonette orchid was first formally described in 1907 by Richard Sanders Rogers from a specimen collected from a swamp near Myponga. In 2002, David Jones and Garry Brockman changed the name to "Hydrorchis cupularis" but the change has not been accepted by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The specific epithet ("orbicularis") is a Latin word meaning "orbicular" or "having the form of a small circle", referring to the shape of the labellum.
Distribution and habitat.
"Microtis orbicularis" grows in swamps and seasonally wet depressions, sometimes with the base of the plant submerged. It is found between Dongara and Cape Le Grand in Western Australia, in coastal areas of eastern South Australia as far west as the Eyre Peninsula, in the south-west of Victoria and on the north coast of Tasmania.
Conservation.
"Microtis orbicularis" is classified as "not threatened" in Western Australia by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.


Eremaea brevifolia

Eremaea brevifolia is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect, compact to spreading shrub with small, crowded leaves and orange-coloured flowers in early spring, followed by fruits with a rough outer surface.
Description.
"Eremaea brevifolia" is an erect, densely foliaged to spreading shrub which sometimes grows to a height of . The leaves are long, wide, flat, crowded and so that they overlap each other. They are broadly egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base and have 5 to 9 veins visible on the lower surface.
The flowers are orange-coloured, across and (usually) occur singly on the end of short branches which grew the previous year. There are 5 sepals which are densely hairy on the outside surface and 5 petals, long. The stamens are arranged in 5 bundles, each containing 50 to 70 stamens. Flowering occurs from August to October and is followed by fruits which are woody capsules. The capsules are long, cup-shaped and are rough or lumpy on the outer surface. The leaves and fruits of this species are similar to those of "Eremaea asterocarpa" but the bracts surrounding the flowers are hairy.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Eremaea brevifolia" was first formally described in 1923 by the Czech botanist Karel Domin in Vestnik Kralovske Ceske Spolecnosti Nauk, Trida Matematiko-Prirodevedecke. It had previously been known as a variety - "Eremaea fimbriata" var. "brevifolia" Benth. The specific epithet ("brevifolia") is from the Latin "brevis" meaning "short" and "folium" meaning "a leaf" referring to the short leaves of this species compared to the subspecies now called "Eremaea asterocarpa" subsp. "asterocarpa".
Distribution and habitat.
"Eremaea brevifolia" occurs in the Irwin district in the Geraldton Sandplains and Yalgoo biogeographic regions. It grows in sand or laterite on plains and rock outcrops.
Conservation.
"Eremaea brevifolia" is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.


Carex dissita

Carex dissita, also known as purei, is a sedge that is native to New Zealand.
"Carex dissita" thrives in dark and damp places such as the edges of bush streams or ponds. Seeds occur on long stems in order to disperse them away from the plant.


Acrobotrys discolor


Iris vartanii

Iris vartanii is a plant species in the genus "Iris". It is classified in the subgenus "Hermodactyloides" and section "Reticulatae". It is a bulbous perennial.
It was once though to be part of the "Iris" subgenus "Xiphium". It is sometimes referred to as 'Vartanni Iris', or 'Iris vartani'.
It was first described in 1885 in Gardeners' Chronicle, and an illustration (No.6942) was published in Curtis's Botanical Magazine two years later. It was named by Sir Michael Foster after Dr. Kaloost Vartan from Nazareth. Who discovered the iris while working in Palestine in the foothills around Nazareth, and sent the specimen to Foster for classification. It was originally described as brown in colour, presumably due to deterioration in transportation.
Habit.
It has four leaves that are un-equalsided and up to 20 cm tall (when in flower), but that increases to nearly 40 cm later.
It flowers between October and December. The flowers are greyish lilac-white, (or slaty blue ) with falls having dark blue veins. The flowers smell of almonds.
Due to its early flowering (during winter), the leaves can be damaged (by snow and ice) so much that the plant does not form healthy bulbs for the next year. So it is best grown like other species of iris in an alpine house or bulb frame. It is hardy to USDA Zone 3.
Like other members of the reticulata group (including Iris danfordiae), it has the habit of the main bulb splitting into many bulblets, that can take many years (between 2–3 years) to reach flowering size again.
Distribution.
It was originally found near the city of Nazareth in Israel. and it was also found in Jordan and Syria. On rocky hillsides.
It is found in Golan, Galilee, Mount Carmel, Samarian desert and Judean mountains, various regions of Levantine.
But according to Dr Dawud Al-Eisawi's book "Field Guide to Wild Flowers of Jordan" (1998), it is now thought to be extinct in Jordan.
Cultivar.
"I. vartanii" "White pearl"
First found in 1910 in Beersheba and Hebron, it was originally thought to be a white form of "I. histrioides". On 21 December 1912, it was described in 'The Garden' magazine of the Royal Horticultural Society, now as a white form of "I. vartanii". Then in 1913, it gained Award of Merit by the RHS.
It is sometimes referred to as "Iris vartanii" var. "alba".


Shute Park (Oregon)

Shute Park is a municipal park in the city of Hillsboro, Oregon, United States. Acquired in 1906, the park is the oldest park in the city. Located at southeast Tenth and Maple streets along Tualatin Valley Highway, Shute Park includes an aquatic center, a branch of the Hillsboro Public Library, and a community center. The park once had a pavilion that contained a roller skating rink, and was the center of civic activities before the opening of the Washington County Fairgrounds. Named for businessman John W. Shute, the park at one time included land on the east side of the highway that consisted mainly of a baseball field.
History.
On December 21, 1906, the City of Hillsboro purchased a tract of land from banker John W. Shute for $1,622, with the condition that the land be used as a park and named in his honor. The city passed a levy to finance the purchase of its first park at 1.8 mills per assessed valuation. At the time, the total assessed value in the city was just over $600,000. The land had previously been the site of a brickyard, whose brick had been used in the construction of several buildings in downtown Hillsboro.
In June 1920, voters approved a levy to finance the construction of a pavilion at the park. Finished in June 1921, the building was designed and built without posts in the floor and included a stage. At first, the pavilion was used mainly for dances, but was later used as a roller skating rink. It also was home to an infantry unit and later artillery unit, and during World War II was used for drill by the national guard. Over time, the building eventually no longer met building codes, but the city felt the costs were too much to remodel the facility so the pavilion was torn down in 1974.
Beginning in 1925 and until 1951, the Washington County Fair was held at the park. During that time, the park contained additional structures, including a poultry building. In 1935, workers from the Works Progress Administration improved the park. Enhancements included extensive landscaping, the addition of a baseball diamond, construction of a stone-arch bridge, a creek, and the addition of lighting. The improved park was dedicated on July 2, 1936. Hillsboro's Happy Days festival was also previously staged at Shute Park. The pavilion at Shute could seat as many as 1,500 and was used for events that included a circus.
In 1962, the county's historical society looked at the park as a possible home for their museum, which was not built at that time or at that location. However, the society temporarily moved their museum to the park's pavilion that year. The city decided to re-zone a section of the park in 1972. The section was located across Tualatin Valley Highway and contained a baseball field. Hillsboro High School had used the ball field for its home baseball games until Hare Field opened in 1965. The parks department wanted to sell off the land in order to pay for improvements at other park facilities in the city. Hillsboro's city council elected to re-zone the parcel as commercial in order to maximize the value of the land.
The city's parks commission approved plans to build the permanent stage in the park in September 1982 using private funds. In 1987, the Peter Wolf Toth statue, "Chief Kno-Tah", was added along the eastern side of the park. It is one of 74 such statues collectively known as the Trail of the Whispering Giants. In 2006, the city celebrated the 100th anniversary of the park that included people in period dress and a performance by the Oregon Symphonic Band. Many of the Douglas fir trees at the park were found to have schweinitzii butt rot and red ring rot in 2008. In May 2009, the city began removing those diseased trees that posed a danger to park visitors as the trees slowly died. Additional trees were removed in 2013 as part of the renovations to the library.
Facilities.
Located at 10th and Maple streets, the park contains a variety of amenities. These include a picnic shelter, softball field, restrooms, picnic areas, playground equipment, and a stage. Also at the park is a branch of the Hillsboro library, a senior community center, and an aquatic recreation center. From 1987 to 2017, it also hosted the "Chief Kno-Tah" wood sculpture of a Native American head carved by Peter Wolf Toth as part of his "Trail of the Whispering Giants".
The Shute Park Aquatic and Recreation Center opened in 1981. The indoor and outdoor pool facility also contained indoor exercise areas and racquetball courts. Beginning in 2004 it was remodeled and re-opened in 2006. Additions to the facility included a massage room, child care area, a spa pool, a pool slide, and a play feature in one of the pools.
Shute Park also hosts the annual Showtime at Shute free summer concert series. These outdoor concerts are held each Thursday beginning in July, and run through August.


Guignardia citricarpa


Phebalium bullatum

Phebalium bullatum, commonly known as silvery phebalium, desert phebalium or sand phebalium, is a species of shrub that is endemic to southern continental Australia. It is more or less covered with silvery scales and has narrow oblong to narrow wedge-shaped leaves and yellow flowers in umbels of about six.
Description.
"Phebalium bullatum" is a shrub that typically grows to a height of and is more or less covered with silvery scales. The branchlets are also covered with warty glands. The leaves are thick, narrow oblong to narrow wedge-shaped, long, wide on a short petiole and V-shaped in cross-section. The upper surface of the leaves is glabrous and channelled, the lower surface convex and covered with silvery scales. The flowers are yellow and arranged in umbels of about six, each flower on a pedicel about long. The calyx is hemispherical, about long with broad triangular teeth and the petals are broadly elliptical, about long and wide with silvery scales on the back. Flowering occurs from August to October.
Taxonomy.
"Phebalium bullatum" was first formally described in 1916 by John McConnell Black and the description was published in "Transactions and prodeedings of the Royal Society of South Australia".
Distribution and habitat.
Silvery phebalium is found on sandy soils in mallee scrub between the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia and north-western Victoria.


Erigeron mancus

Erigeron mancus is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names depauperate fleabane and imperfect fleabane. It has been found only in southeastern Utah.
"Erigeron mancus " is a short perennial herb rarely more than 7 centimeters (2.8 inches) tall, producing a woody taproot. The leaves are pinnately lobed near the bottom of the plant but not farther up the stem. The plant generally produces only 1 flower heads per stem, each head with several yellow disc florets but no ray florets. The species grows in alpine meadows, ridge tops, and rocky slopes at high elevation in the mountains.


Fritillaria gussichiae

Fritillaria gussichiae is a European plant species in the lily family Liliaceae, native to Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Serbia, Albania, and Greece.
The plant was once considered part of "Fritillaria graeca" but more recent studies suggest it is a distinct species more closely related to "Fritillaria pontica."


Paragonimus kellicotti

Paragonimus kellicotti, the North American lung fluke, is a species of parasitic trematode in the genus "Paragonimus". This species of "Paragonimus" has an intricate lifecycle, and although its name may suggest that it is only a health concern in North America, it is also prominent in Southeast Asia and China.
Morphology.
"Paragonimus kellicotti" parasites have dorsoventrally flattened, brown, oval-shaped bodies. They are soft-bodied parasites with oral and ventral suckers that are relatively similar in size. They use their ventral suckers to attach to a host. Their tegument is covered with spines, which is a characteristic that sets them apart among other "Paragonimus" species. Lung flukes are hermaphroditic, having both the female and male organs. Thus, they are able to self-fertilize.
Habitat.
Early larval stages are found in snails and later move on to crustaceans, primarily crawfish and crabs. "P. kellicotti" parasites may live in fresh or salt water. Thus, they may be found within hosts of swamp, coastal, or forest areas.
Development.
Lung fluke eggs are passed through feces or soil. Eggs then hatch into miricidia within three weeks. A miricidium infects the primary host, snails. Within snails, the miricidium develops into a cercaria. The cercariae eventually leave the snail and infect the second intermediate host, crustaceans. The lung fluke encysts within the tissue of crustaceans until the crustacean is consumed by humans or other animals. Once the fluke has been ingested, enzymes within the digestive tract of the consumer break down the parasitic cysts. The immature parasite continues to mature within the lungs of its new host, feeding on its intestine, and lay eggs. Mature lung flukes may breed year-round. "P. kellicotti" may live up to 20 years within a human host.
Infection.
Infections of "P. kellicotti" affect 21 million people worldwide. However, humans rarely become infected in North America. The frequent victims of this infection in North America are small animals that feed on crayfish, such as otters, skunks, and mink. Occasionally, dogs and cats become infected, as well. If these animals are left without treatment, they eventually die. "P. kellicotti" is a food-borne trematode infection. Humans become infected with the parasite by eating raw or undercooked crayfish meat that contains the parasite larvae. These infections are common in sub-Saharan Africa. After the parasite has been ingested, it will travel from the intestines until it reaches the lungs.
Signs of infection.
Several diagnostic signs indicate a lung fluke infection. These include a cough, fever, and weight loss. Pleural effusion, a condition in which a surplus of fluid accumulates around the lungs, is another sign of an infection. "P. kellicotti" infection may sometimes be misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. However, a lung fluke infection is differentiated from tuberculosis by increased eosinophils in the blood and pleural fluid.
Treatment.
A "P. kellicottii" treatment in humans consists oral medication of praziquantel over a minimum of three days to achieve a 100% cure rate when the parasite is located in the lungs. Other ectopic infections may require surgical removal. Surgery does not guarantee all larvae will be removed.


Sebastiania echinocarpa

Sebastiania echinocarpa is a species of flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It was described in 1874. It is native to Bahia, Brazil.


Palisota pynaertii

Palisota pynaertii is a species of plant in the Commelinaceae family, described in 1903. It may be endemic to the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaïre) in central Africa.