Pang Sida National Park

Pang Sida National Park (, , ) is a national park in the Sankamphaeng Range, covering 844 square kilometres in the eastern Thai province of Sa Kaeo. It is 28 kilometres north of Sa Kaeo City, the capital of the province. Together with Khao Yai National Park, Thap Lan National Park, Ta Phraya National Park and the Dong Yai Wildlife Sanctuary, it constitutes a part of the Dong Phayayen Forest Complex UNESCO World Heritage Site, covering in total around 6,100 square kilometers.
One of the highlights of the park is Pang Sida waterfall.
Ecology.
From information collected in 2000 the park is home to a total of 271 species of vertebrate: 81 mammals, 143 species of birds (131 resident), 19 species of reptiles, 16 amphibian species and 19 species of freshwater fish.
The critically endangered Siamese crocodile "Crocodylus siamensis" is reported to live in the park, along with the Asian elephant, gaur, dhole (the IUCN estimates fewer than 2,500 adults of this wild dog worldwide), leopard, Malayan sun bear, Asiatic black bear and white-handed gibbon. More common animals include the pig-tailed macaque, Sambar deer, barking deer and wild pig. Two notable endangered birds are the grey heron and purple heron, "Ardea cinerea" and "A. purpurea".
The park area is also home to many species of butterfly. Within two kilometres of the entrance is a butterfly area where hundreds of butterflies congregate in certain seasons. In the interests of patron safety, as well as conservation, there is a controlled gate just past this area, and visitors are asked to consult at the visitor's centre for a guide to go further afield.
Approximately 6 kilometres further one can stop and travel by foot to the Gaur grassland, where a wildlife tower is located for observation. 25 kilometres from the entrance is a viewpoint for viewing the park.
Camping and accommodation.
From Sa Kaeo it is possible to hire a tuk-tuk or take one of the local buses. Foreigners are charged 200 baht at the entrance gate. In the entrance area is a restaurant, campground, and visitor's centre.
There are two main campsites, one near the entrance and one approximately 20 kilometres along the main road, close to the viewpoint. It is possible to rent tents from the visitor's centre. In addition, there are a number of guesthouses near the entrance that are available for accommodation.


Trsteno Arboretum

Trsteno Arboretum, located in Trsteno, Croatia, is the oldest arboretum in this part of the world.
The arboretum was erected by the local noble family Gucetic - Gozze ("see" House of Gozze) in the late 15th century, who requested ship captains to bring back seeds and plants from their travels. The exact start date for the arboretum is unknown, but it was already in existence by 1492, when a 15 m span aqueduct to irrigate the arboretum was constructed; this aqueduct is still in use. It has been the property of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts since 1948, when it was donated. The Arboretum reserves a very special place among the old Ragusan, Dalmatian and Mediterranean parks. It includes a park surrounding the fifteenth century summer residence, which is a monument of garden architecture, and a nineteenth century park at Drvarica.
The arboretum passed into Yugoslav state ownership in 1945, and was declared a natural rarity in 1948. Since 1950 it has been managed by the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts. In 1962 the Arboretum Trsteno was registered in the list of protected natural monuments list as a monument of landscape architecture. The protected area covers around 255,000 square metres.
Trsteno suffered extensive damage and looting during the Croatian War of Independence when on October 2 and 3rd, 1991, the Yugoslav People's Army launched a series of gunboat and air attacks and set the Arboretum afire, destroying a large part of it, and causing partial damage to the summer residence and the oldest part of the arboretum. The arboretum was further severely damaged in 2000 by a forest fire during a drought, when around 120,000 square metres were lost in fire.
The pride of the arboretum, two Oriental Planes located on the central market place of Trsteno, survived both disasters undamaged. They are over 500 years old and are unique specimens of their kind in Europe. The ancient trees are both about 45/60 m tall and their trunks are 5 m in diameter. Within what was once the noble family's country house, there is the oldest Renaissance park in Croatia, designed in 1502, with numerous exotic plants.
In popular culture.
In the third season and fourth season of the television series "Game of Thrones", Trsteno Arboretum was used as the setting of the Red Keep palace gardens in King's Landing.


Sha Chau and Lung Kwu Chau Marine Park

Sha Chau and Lung Kwu Chau Marine Park () is a marine park located on the west waters of Hong Kong, China. With an area of , the Sha Chau and Lung Kwu Chau Marine Park has a variety of sea life due to the richness of nutrients in the water. The islands of Lung Kwu Chau, Sha Chau and Pak Chau (Tree island) are located within the boundaries of the park.
Description.
The Sha Chau and Lung Kwu Chau Marine Park is located off Hong Kong to the west of New Territories and was protected starting on 22November 1996. An area of about has been protected. Yellow buoys on the four corners of the marine park are used to mark itsboundaries.
Life.
Under the influence of the Pearl River on the west, the water has a low salinity level and high organic nutrients. This is also increases the diversity of marine fauna and flora, and also provides the perfect area for sea creatures to live in. The Sha Chau and Lung Kwu Chau Marine Parks is for its richness in marine resources and its habitat for the rare Chinese white dolphin ("Sousa chinensis chinensis").
Sha Chau.
On Sha Chau, a noted scenic spot is the Tin Hau Temple. This temple was built during the Qing dynasty in the year 1846. Fishermen and other people who worked at sea came to this temple to pray to Mazu, Goddess of the Sea.


Charyn National Park

Charyn National Park (, "Sharyn ulttyq tabiǵi parki") officially, "Charyn Canyon National Nature Park" is a national park in Kazakhstan, stretching along the Charyn River, including Charyn Canyon. The Canyon, with its thinly stratified red sedimentary rock, it is said to resemble the Grand Canyon in the US; it is however smaller - 50 km from end to end. About in size, the park occupies portions of Enbekshikazakh District, Raiymbek District, and Uygur District of Almaty Region. It is about 200 km east of the city of Almaty. The park was established in 2004 to protect the geological attractions of the canyon, the ecological fragility of the river and desert system (including relic Sogdian Ash groves), and surrounding archaeological sites; portions are also set aside for recreation.
Topography.
The park is long and thin, protecting both banks of the Charyn River for 50 km, but only to a width of 3 km. The Charyn River at this point runs southwest to northeast through arid foothills of the Tian Shan Mountains 30 km to the south. The canyon reaches 370 meters in depth, and its base is approximately 1,100 meters above sea level. The park protects four main sites:
Four levels of protection are provided for different sub-areas of the park: Reserve Status Area (9427.5 hectares), Zone of Environmental Stabilization (13,147.3 hectares), Tourism and Recreation Area (77,739 hectares), and a Zone of Limited Economic Activity (26,736.2 hectares).
Climate.
The climate is "Cold Semi-Arid Climate (Koeppen Classification BSk: warm, dry summers with cold winters. 312 mm of precipitation per year (maximum in summer). Average temperature ranges from in January to in July.
Plants and animals.
Within the park is the Charyn Ash Grove, a remnant stand of what was once a long forest belt of Sogdian Ash trees (Fraxinus sogdiana) that spread across the northern slopes of the Tian Shen mountains as early as the Paleogene Period. The ash groves in the park, which cover only about , can withstand wide swings in salinity and dryness in the floodplain soils. Above the flooplain is a unique community in which the dominant plants include Saxaul (Haloxylon), Eurotia, and Ephedra).
Scientists in the park have recorded 32 species of mammals, 18 of reptiles, 4 of amphibians, 100 of birds, and over 1,000 plants, 50 of which are rare or endemic.
Tourism.
There are three tourist routes in the park:


Percy Sparks

Roderick Percy Sparks (March 7, 1880 – March 29, 1959) was a Canadian manufacturer and environmentalist. He is widely credited with being the Father of Gatineau Park.
Born on March 7, 1880 in Ottawa, Canada, Sparks was the great grandnephew of Ottawa pioneer Nicholas Sparks. Educated at the Ottawa Public School, and the Ottawa Collegiate Institute, he was a garment manufacturer as well as president and executive committee member of various commercial associations, including the Canadian Manufacturers Association.
He married Rheba Fraser on February 11, 1911, and they had three children.
He served as the president/commodore of the Britannia Boating Club from 1910 to 1913.
Gatineau Hills.
The "Ottawa Journal" of March 30, 1959 credited Percy Sparks with being the "father of the Gatineau Park," adding that, as chairman of the Federal Woodlands Preservation League from 1937 to 1947, he "brought about the first purchase by the Dominion government of what is now […] Gatineau Park." On May 12, 1955, the same paper said that "Mr. Sparks and his associates are generally credited with 'selling' the late Prime Minister Mackenzie King the idea of setting aside a national recreation area on the outskirts of Canada's capital."
A noted conservationist, tariff expert and successful businessman, he waged battles against government corruption in the 1920s, playing a key role in the 1926 Customs Investigation, and defended workers' rights in the 1930s, helping Conservative MP Harry Stevens establish the Select Committee on Price Spreads. He also dedicated nearly a quarter century of his life to building a park in the Gatineau Hills.
As chairman of the research committee of the Federal Woodlands Preservation League, Sparks had urged the Bennett government to commission a survey of the Gatineau forests in a letter of April 3, 1935 to Interior Minister T. G. Murphy. The importance of the resulting study was acknowledged in the 1952 annual report of the Federal District Commission:
The government, having been concerned about the cutting of the forest cover in the Kingsmere area, authorized an extensive survey of this matter and the findings were published in the Lower Gatineau Woodlands Survey. [In 1938], as a result of the above-mentioned report, the Commission commenced the development of Gatineau Park by the acquisition of land.
While chairman of the League, Sparks also wrote several documents that were crucial to the creation and initial development of Gatineau Park. They include a December 13, 1937 memorandum to the office of Prime Minister King outlining a proposal for creating the park; a preliminary master plan proposal for Gatineau Park sent to the Federal District Commission on October 9, 1945; and a 1946 memorandum to the Standing Senate Committee on Tourist Traffic.
Sparks also played a central role in helping orient the park's design and development in his capacity as chairman of the Advisory Committee on Gatineau Park from 1947 to 1954. He did so by, among other things, writing the 1949 Report of the Advisory Committee on Gatineau Park and – perhaps most importantly – the 1952 Report on a Master Plan for Development of Gatineau Park (the latter being, in effect, the first comprehensive master plan for the park, though the NCC has failed to acknowledge this).
Sparks was also a member of the Advisory Committee's Parkway subcommittee which had been created to study the possibility of building a parkway through Gatineau Park. In July 1953, the subcommittee went on a fact-finding mission to Virginia's Shenandoah National Park and Tennessee's Great Smoky Mountain National Park. The recommendations made in its report were largely inspired by Shenandoah's Skyline Drive, and many of them were later implemented in Gatineau Park. The park's Étienne Brulé Lookout is a mirror image of lookouts found throughout Shenandoah.
In his last major contribution to the park, a 1956 memorandum to a joint parliamentary committee, Sparks argued that the public interest had been seriously ignored in the planning and management of Gatineau Park. He underlined that the personal, financial and political interests of area landowners exercised undue influence over park development:
All of the property owners in [the Meech Lake and Kingsmere] area have a direct financial interest in the plans of the Commission [...]. In fact it is no reflection on them to say that their interest may be in direct conflict with the public interest.
Perhaps his most eloquent vision statement for the park is to be found in the 1949 Report of the Advisory Committee on Gatineau Park:
The prime objective of this plan should be to retain throughout the main area of the park the atmosphere of the Canadian woods and preserve for all time the natural beauty of the lakes and wooded hills as an inspiration to all … While this park will serve a useful purpose as a place of recreation, bringing physical benefits, its greater purpose lies in its possibilities as a moral and spiritual force in the lives of those who visit it.
Roderick Percy Sparks died of pneumonia in Ottawa on March 29, 1959, following a holiday in Tucson, Arizona.
Continuing influence.
Sparks' influence continues to be evident throughout Gatineau Park, most notably in policies advocated in successive NCC master plans. The extent of that influence was acknowledged in 1950 by French urban planner Jacques Gréber in his landmark report on Canada's capital:
The Advisory Committee to the Federal District Commission on Gatineau Park, of which Mr. P. Sparks is Chairman […] are in full and enthusiastic accord with us on the possibilities of this wooded reserve, and have, in large measure, inspired our recommendations relative to practical developments of this providential asset of the Capital Region.
Official recognition.
As well, the NCC recognized Sparks' key contribution to the park, albeit belatedly, when it dedicated the Roderick Percy Sparks Exhibition Hall at an official ceremony in the park's visitors centre on July 8, 2005. Speaking on that occasion, Sparks' grandson, Sandy Crawley, recalled memories of his grandfather:
Words from his eldest granddaughter, Ms. Michal Anne Crawley, were also spoken during the dedication ceremony:
Pop gave us an appreciation for nature and a heritage which, even if we live in cities, can never be taken away. It is in our blood. And in our family's particular blood are the Gatineau Hills, thanks to him. We hope Gatineau Park will continue to give that heritage to all who visit. It is a special place, one to be cherished and taken care of.
His grandson, Rod Crawley, also related vivid impressions of Percy Sparks:


Khao Soi Dao Wildlife Sanctuary

Khao Soi Dao Wildlife Sanctuary () is a wildlife sanctuary in Thailand's Chanthaburi Province. It covers the area around Khao Soi Dao Tai and Khao Soi Dao Nuea (south and north Soi Dao mountains), the two highest peaks in the Chanthaburi Mountains of Eastern Thailand, which form part of the much larger Cardamom Mountains extending well into Cambodia.
The mountains are covered in tropical rainforest and the Chanthaburi River originates from the Khao Soi Dao Tai mountain. The wildlife sanctuary neighbours the smaller Khao Khitchakut National Park to the south and Khao Sip Ha Chan National Park and Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary to the northwest.
History.
Khao Soi Dao Wildlife Sanctuary was established in 1972 and covers , most of which is mountainous terrain. In 2007, the sanctuary was also designated as an Important Bird Area (IBA), thus of global importance for bird conservation.
Fauna.
Khao Soi Dao Wildlife Sanctuary is the only IBA in Thailand supporting the globally endangered Chestnut-headed Partridge ("Arborophila cambodiana"), but it is home to many more bird species of importance to global conservation. This includes Siamese Fireback ("Lophura diardi"), Great Hornbill ("Buceros bicornis") and Moustached Hawk Cuckoo ("Hierococcyx vagans"), all of which are near-threatened on a global level. The colourful Blue-rumped Pittas are here, and this is the only place in Thailand where this species live.
Regarding mammals, the sanctuary is also home to a diverse range of species, with many threatened ones included. Asian Elephants ("Elephas maximus indicus"), Tiger ("Panthera tigris"), Asian Golden Cat ("Catopuma temminckii") and Gaurs ("Bos gaurus") are found here. For monkeys, the Pileated Gibbons ("Hylobates pileatus") are notable.
The sanctuary is known as a particularly good spot for watching butterflies, but other insects, such as dragonflies are also here in both abundance and diversity.
Flora.
Close to all (85%) of the forest in Khao Soi Dao Wildlife Sanctuary is monsoon evergreen forest, but patches of deciduous forest and bamboo thickets are also to be found.
Khao Soi Dao Waterfall.
Khao Soi Dao Waterfall ( or Namtok Khao Soi Dao) is a popular tourist destination in the wildlife sanctuary. It is 70 km from the town of Chanthaburi. It springs from Khao Soi Dao Nua at 1,556 meters above sea level and has a total of 16 tiers. The waterfall is located about 4 km from the Wildlife Sanctuary visitor center.
The easy way to get to this waterfall, if you have a car is to go ahead from the city on Route 317 through Makham District and Pong Nam Ron District. At km 62 you should turn left and go ahead 3 km. This waterfall is open from 6.00am to 6.00pm. The most popular attraction at the falls is nature trails because there is a huge tree of 4.77 meters diameter. The waterfall has 16 tiers created by multi-level stone cliffs which gives the impression of a giant stair. At the bottom is a vast pool with shallow water. The popular tier is tier 16 because this tier has a lot of moss on the stone. It feels fresh and is suitable for capturing. This tier is named “Phanangleun” Pha Nang Leun mean “Mrs. Slippery cliff” because the careless traveller can slip on the moss on a stone when he walks through. The source of the waterfall is near the Peak of KhaoSoi Dao Nua Mountain at 1,556 meters above sea level.


Trust for Urban Ecology

The Trust for Urban Ecology (TRUE) is a London-based ecological organisation and is part of The Conservation Volunteers (formerly BTCV). The Trust for Urban Ecology was founded in 1976 when ecologist Max Nicholson and a group of like-minded conservationists set up Britain's first urban ecology park.
History.
Max Nicholson, the trust's founder, was also instrumental in setting up the World Wildlife Fund and became the 2nd Director General of the Nature Conservancy Council.
The trust's first site, the William Curtis Ecological Park, was created on the site of a derelict lorry park near London's Tower Bridge. The William Curtis Ecological Park was always intended to be temporary and in 1985 the land was returned to its owners. By this time the trust had already created two new nature parks and it would later acquire another two.


Varden Conservation Area

Varden Conservation Area is a Pennsylvania state park on in Lake and South Canaan Townships, Wayne County, Pennsylvania in the United States. The conservation area is currently under development. The land was donated to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in December 2001 by Dr. Mead Shaffer a veterinarian and resident of Boothwyn, Pennsylvania in Delaware County. Dr. Shaffer stated his reason for donating the land, "Environmental education always has been a primary concern of mine. I trust this land will allow present and future generations to observe and study the diverse ecology found in the Varden Conservation Area." Varden Conservation Area is near the unincorporated village of Varden on Pennsylvania Route 296, east of the Lackawanna County line.
A conservation area is different from a typical state park. Conservation areas have much less development on the lands than a state park. They are large tracts of land with few improvements, a lack of through roads and the recreational facilities are minimal. There is an effort to manage the resources with minimal development of the park. Other conservation areas in Pennsylvania are the Joseph E. Ibberson Conservation Area and the Boyd Big Tree Preserve Conservation Area both of which are in Dauphin County.
Nearby state parks.
The following state parks are within of Varden Conservation Area:


Ben Mor Coigach

Ben Mor Coigach () is a long, table shaped mountain in the far north-west of Scotland. It dominates the Coigach peninsula, in the county of Ross and Cromarty, 10 kilometres north-west of the town of Ullapool. It reaches a height of 743 metres (2438 feet). Its coastal location, combined with its high topographic prominence to height ratio, make it a very good viewpoint.
It is a Scottish Wildlife Trust nature reserve.
Ascents.
Ben Mor Coigach can be climbed from Bleughasary (where there is a car park) to the south-east or from Culnacraig to the south-west.
From Bleughasary, follow a land rover track (not shown on the OS map) as far as Loch Eadar dha Bheinn, then pass the outflow east of the loch and head up onto the east ridge. From here the route passes over the Speicin Coinnich and onto a large and flat summit area. The Speicin Coinnich is quite exposed but not as steep as it may appear from below.
A better starting point, albeit one requiring a longer drive in, may be Culnacraig. From here, follow the line of a long ridge towards the summit of Sgurr an Fhidhleir (the Fiddler). This summit can either be included, or traversed via its south face, before the final ascent of Ben Mor Coigach from the north-east. More direct routes are possible but appear to be steep and stony. Several more summits, forming a horseshoe ridge, can be included.
The Postman's Path.
Some walkers may be tempted to ascend from one of the above-mentioned starting points, then descend to the other before completing the tour on part of the "postman's path" along the coast from Achiltibuie to Strathcanaird. The maps and signposts imply that the relevant stretch is about six miles long, but the warnings under the signposts do not do justice to its dangers. Even a fit walker may struggle to complete this leg in less than four hours, and most walkers should allow considerably more time, depending on fitness and the weather. There is no path along much of this route, there is only an incomplete and inadequate series of cairns and arrowed posts. It is hard to avoid straying from the route. Scrambling is required in several places, and some of these are exposed to sea cliffs. There are several unbridged crossings of fast flowing streams which may be difficult or even impossible in spate conditions. Bogs contribute further to the difficulties. Despite its low altitude, this route is steep and regarded as a true mountain experience. It is so named because it was used by postmen before the village of Achiltibuie was connected to the road network.


List of biosphere reserves of Indonesia

As of 2019, there are sixteen biosphere reserves in Indonesia that are part of World Network of Biosphere Reserves, which consists of 686 reserves globally.


Friends of Parks

Friends of Parks Incorporated is an umbrella organisation for 130+ individual volunteer community groups and over 5,000 individual volunteers in South Australia, who are each affiliated with a specific national park or historic site. The objectives of "Friends" groups are: to provide opportunities for public participation in the management of national parks and historic sites; to raise funds to support national parks, historic sites and the social functions of the Friends group; to publicise national parks and historic sites as well as the objectives of the Friends; and to provide cultural and social events for the benefit of members, staff and the general public.
Each "Friends" group is financially self-supporting, through a combination of members fees and fundraising. In addition, the Department of Environment and Water (DEW) provide "Friends Grants" for which individual groups apply on a project basis.
The first "Friends" group started at Fort Glanville Conservation Park in 1980, where there had been an existing historical society. The second group was formed at Ferguson Conservation Park in Stonyfell. In 1983, the National Parks and Wildlife Service set up the Friends of Old Government House in Belair National Park. The success of the Friends model had been demonstrated and in the following years many more groups were set up. In 1993, the Friends of Parks umbrella group was incorporated.
A central Volunteer Support Programs Unit based in Adelaide coordinates the network of groups. Each group is answerable to a Liaison Ranger in order to ensure co-ordination with the goals and policies of DEW and park management. In 2015–16, members of "Friends" groups contributed the equivalent of 11,161 days of volunteer work to the state's protected areas.


Seven Natural Wonders (CNN)

Seven Natural Wonders is an organization that was created with the mission of protecting and promoting the natural wonders of the world. The project was launched in 2008 in response to the New 7 Wonders efforts to change the natural wonders of the world. This announcement was made following the campaign's efforts to establish a new list of modern man-made wonders.
Seven Natural Wonders launched an effort to expand the 7 Natural Wonders of the World by creating campaigns to add the Seven natural Wonders for each continent. These campaigns differed from the efforts of New 7 Wonders because every wonder of nature was eligible with no requirements for entry fees and sponsorship fees of any kind. This campaign was further distinguished by avoiding the influence of marketing, advertising and social media, with the winning wonders being determined by experts from around the world who leveraged statistical and traditional significance, uniqueness, and pure splendor.
Seven Natural Wonders was established to protect the original vision and declaration of the seven natural wonders of the world. Their list of the natural wonders includes:
The mission of Seven Natural Wonders is to promote and protect the natural wonders.


Kampinos National Park

Kampinos National Park () is a National Park in east-central Poland, in Masovian Voivodeship, on the north-west outskirts of Warsaw. It has a sister park agreement with Indiana Dunes National Park, Indiana, United States.
The idea of creating a park here appeared for the first time in the 1920s. In the 1930s the first forest reserves were opened: Granica, Sieraków and Zamczysko. Today, these reserves are much larger and are strictly protected.
The park was created in 1959, covering a total area of . It covers the ancient Kampinos Forest ("Puszcza Kampinoska"), and in January 2000 the area was added to UNESCO’s list of biosphere reserves. The Park is now slightly smaller than originally, covering , of which 46.38 km² is strictly protected. The protective zone around the Park covers 377.56 km². Forests account for around 70% of the park's area, and the most common tree is the pine. The Park's symbol is the moose.
Kampinoski National Park is located at the biggest river junction in Poland - here valleys of Vistula, Bug, Narew, Wkra and Bzura meet together. There are no lakes, the biggest river of the Park is the Łasica, a tributary to the Bzura, which acts as a water canal.
Park's flora is rich with around 1245 species of plants, of which 69 are protected. Park's landscape is a mix of sand dunes and swamp lands with pine trees growing on sand and meadows on swamps.
The Park, together with a nearby valley of the Vistula, is an important thriving area of many animals. According to biologists, there are 16,000 species of animals, of which the most numerous are insects (2 030 species) and birds (200 species). Park's experts are experienced in the field of reintroducing several animals - moose (since 1951), beaver (since 1980) and lynx (since 1992). 83 species of animals are regarded as endangered.
The park's area has a rich history, here many important events connected with Polish history took place. Reminders of past are numerous and include tombs of insurrectionists from 1863 anti-Russian uprising, war cemeteries from Polish-German war of 1939 and tombs of members of anti-German resistance (1944–45). At the Palmiry cemetery lay many inhabitants of Warsaw, secretly killed here by the Germans in the years 1939-1945. At Żelazowa Wola on the outskirts of the Park, there is a manor house where famous composer Frédéric Chopin was born.
Tourists are welcome on the Park's walking, cycling, horseback and skiing trails. One can use trails of the total length of ca. 360 kilometres. Cycling enthusiasts may take advantage of the 200 km Kampinos Cycling Trail. There is also 10 educational trails introducing some specially attractive areas.


Kathleen McArthur

Kathleen McArthur (1915–2000), was an Australian naturalist, writer, botanical illustrator and conservationist. She was born in Brisbane, Queensland to Catherine and Daniel Evans. Her mother was a daughter of the Durack pastoral family, her father a co-founder of the engineering firm, Evans Deakin. She married Malcolm McArthur in 1938 and had three children before divorcing in 1947. From 1942 she lived at Caloundra on the Sunshine Coast of Queensland.
The environmental activist.
McArthur was a strong environmentalist and a co-founder, with Judith Wright, David Fleay and Brian Clouston, of the Wildlife Preservation Society of Queensland in 1962, and served as vice-president from then until 1965. In 1963 she founded the Caloundra branch of the society.
She was involved in several campaigns during the 1960s and 1970s to preserve landscapes threatened by economic development, including the Pumicestone Passage, the Great Barrier Reef and Cooloola. Much campaign work was funded through her growing and selling native plants as well as through exhibitions of her wildflower paintings. She was especially concerned for the Wallum country of south-eastern Queensland, a habitat characterised by floristically-rich coastal heath and swamps on deep sandy soils.
The spider, "Ozicrypta mcarthurae", was named after her for her outstanding contribution to conservation. In 1996 she was awarded an honorary doctorate by James Cook University of North Queensland.
Writing.
McArthur wrote a weekly column, "Wildlife and Landscape", for her local paper. She also started the Lunch Hour Theatre in Caloundra, a monthly event for which she wrote scripts based on environmental, biographical and historical subjects. Books authored (and illustrated) by McArthur include:


Arenal Huetar Norte Conservation Area

Arenal Huetar Norte Conservation Area (, ACAHN), is an administrative area which is managed by SINAC for the purposes of conservation in the northern part of Costa Rica. It contains a national park, a forest reserve and number of wildlife refuges.


Riverlife

The Riverlife project aims to engage the community to actively appreciate Cooks River in Sydney, Australia. It usually more a tidal inlet then a River although is capable of flooding and receives the stormwater from 100 square kilometers of a highly urbanised part of the Sydney Metropolitan area. Other major waterways of Sydney include the Hawkesbury, Sydney Harbour, Georges River, and Port Hacking, all of which are Rias, but Cooks River shows more signs of slow weathering and development as a river than of being a flooded river valley. The River was an important part of the life of local aborigines for tens of thousands of years, and was a beautiful recreation facility for Sydney Siders during the early years of the development of the City. While severely damaged by development, the River and its catchment has many redeeming features, and the history of repair is now almost as rich as the history of damaging industrial and urban use.
Riverlife is a joint initiative of Marrickville, Canterbury and Strathfield Councils funded by Our Environment - It's a Living Thing . Riverlife is one of a number of projects / groups / initiatives which are attempting to lead to improvements to Cooks River. One other significant project is CookNet
The Riverlife project began in 2002 and has involved a number of aspects.
Riverlife Interpretive Tours.
Riverlife Interpretive Tours are an opportunity for local citizens to share knowledge and passions about the Cooks River in an interactive and engaging way. The first group of Riverlife Interpretive Tour Guides were trained in October 2003 and resulted in highly popular kayaking tours on the river run by the Tempe River Canoe Club; an arts workshop that allows creative expression of the value of the river; and a walking tour that interprets the history and stories of the Cooks River.
Sustainable Water Planning.
Through the Urban Stormwater Integrated Management (USWIM) project Marrickville Council is working with the community to manage our water sustainably. Through water sensitive urban design the objective is to:
Stream Watch.
Streamwatch is a program where school and community groups test the health of their local waterways for variables such as temperature, pH, conductivity and turbidity. RiverLife is working to increase the number of schools and community groups within the Cooks River Catchment participating in the Streamwatch program. Streamwatch is important for the community as:
Riverlife Cooks River Film Festival.
The RiverLife Cooks River Film Festival called for local film makers to make a short film on the Cooks River. Filmmakers were encouraged to produce unique interpretations of the river from either the past, present or future. The films had to reflect positive behavioural changes that would encourage positive impacts on the river. Prizes were awarded at a Gala screening and awards night at the Newtown Dendy.
Riverbank Restoration Works.
The RiverLife project is funding major structural and revegetation works to reduce erosion and improve water quality. An example of this is along a section of the Cooks River through Strathfield Golf Course where significant bank slumping and sedimentation has been occurring.


La Senda Verde

La Senda Verde is a non-government organization dedicated to environmental education and the care of sick, mistreated and abandoned wildlife. It is a privately run animal refuge in the Yungas area of Bolivia. The organization is co-founded by Vicky Ossio and Marcelo Levy in 2003.
Yungas Road.
Yungas Road leads to the La Senda Verde animal refuge. It is a popular tourist destination starting in the 1990s, drawing approximately 25,000 thrillseekers. This is one of the few routes that connects the Amazon rainforest region of northern Bolivia, or Yungas, to its capital city. Upon leaving La Paz, the road first ascends to around at La Cumbre Pass, before descending to at the town of Coroico, transiting quickly from cool Altiplano terrain to rainforest as it winds through very steep hillsides and atop cliffs.
Legal restrictions.
Laws in Bolivia strictly forbid the return of certain endangered animals back into the wild. However, the same law does not prevent animals living in semi-captivity, where the animals fulfil a pedagogic role as the refuge regularly hosts both school and university groups.
Mining issues.
In 2010, Corporación Minera de Bolivia began works on a gold mine in a riverbed of Coroico River. In January 2010, the movement of the river channel caused by backhoes machines flooded some parts of La Senda Verde. In the aftermath, Vicky Ossio, owner of Senda Verde, stated that the damage to the animal shelter has been tremendous.


Ennedi Plateau

The Ennedi Plateau is located in the northeast of Chad, in the regions of Ennedi-Ouest and Ennedi-Est. It is considered a part of the group of mountains known as the Ennedi Massif found in Chad, which is one of the nine countries that make up the Sahelian belt that spans the Atlantic Ocean to Sudan. The Ennedi is a sandstone bulwark in the middle of the Sahara, which was formed by erosion from wind and temperature. Many people occupied this area, such as hunters and gatherers (5,000-4,000 cal BC) and pastoralists (beginning 4,000 cal BC). The Ennedi area is also known for its large collection of rock art depicting mainly cattle, as these animals served as the main source of financial, environmental, and cultural impact. This art dates back to nearly 7,000 years ago. Today, there are two semi-nomadic groups, mainly of the Muslim religion, that have permanent villages in the Ennedi during the rainy months and pass through the area during the dry season. They rely on their herds of camels, donkeys, sheep, and goats to survive.
Landscape and climate.
The Ennedi makes up an area of approximately 60,000 km2 (23,000 sq mi), as large as Switzerland, and its highest point is approximately 1,450 m (4,760 ft) above sea level. The Massif is composed of sandstone overlaying a Precambrian granite base. In the Ennedi, there are at least twenty perennial or semi-perennial springs, gueltas (desert ponds), and pools, but they rarely reach greater than a few dozen meters in the dry season. It is considered part of the Sahelian Acacia savanna, which extends across the entire continent which once contained diverse ungulates whose population has since been reduced. The landscape has geological structures, including towers, pillars, bridges, and arches, which serve as major tourist attractions. Interestingly, much of the sand found in the Sahara is due to the generation of dust in the Tibesti-Ennedi triangle.
Evidence of a change in climate occurred between 6000 BP, with a savanna region with ~250 mm annual rainfall, to ~150 mm annual rainfall 4300 BP. It later reached an annual rainfall of 50 mm around 2700 BP, similar to the amount of annual rainfall observed today. There are also monsoons common in the area, generating around 50–150 mm of rain per year. These natural disasters create a diverse mixture of vegetation within the area. During the winter months, however, precipitation allows for greater moisture in the thin soil, with lower run-off. The mountains are also known to have a north-Sahelian climate in the southern region, with greater amounts of precipitation between the months of May and September. The rainfall is subject to the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ).
History of protection.
Just under one tenth of World Heritage Sites are in Africa, but the site was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Site in February 2016. During this process, there was much debate over what should be included. First of all, two administration zones and several villages had to reach agreement on whether it was considered a part of the World Heritage Site.  However, its establishment has benefited Chad by increasing income in the area from tourists who spend money to stay.  Also, the Chadian government eventually reduced the size of the protected area due to oil exploration. The Ennedi suffers from high income inequality, so the use of oil reserves has allowed for better redistribution of wealth. There is believed to have been a partnership contract between the State Party and oil companies for oil exploration and the private lease of land which have raised regarding the reduced amount of protected area by UNESCO. As a result to this increase in oil exploitation, there has been accidental oil spills in Chad, leaving the contamination of ground water, accidental chemical spills, and the reduction in air quality.
African Parks assumed management of this area in partnership with the Chadian government in early 2018. African Parks intends to improve the park's infrastructure and explore the potential for tourism to amass support for this landscape and to contribute to the needs of the local people. The European Union contributed €4,7 million to African Parks, and the Dutch Postcode Lottery gave around €3 million over three years to this organization. Furthermore, about , a large portion of the Ennedi Plateau, was designated as the Ennedi Natural and Cultural Reserve by the Chadian government in January 2019.
The World Bank has also worked with the Chadian by recommending the oil-revenues-management-and-redistribution program, which states that “70% of direct oil revenues are to be allocated to priority sectors, 15% to public investments, 5% to the oil-producing department, and 10% to future generations.”  However, the Chadian government has already been criticized for not abiding by the program.
Fauna.
Unfortunately, not a lot of studies have been conducted on Northern Chad due to security issues, harsh climatic conditions, wars, and banditry. However, researchers have found that due to a large reservoir in the area, the plateau has a rich collection of fauna. For example, there are at least 199 listed species of migratory birds that pass through the Ennedi. Other examples of fauna include the West African crocodile, also known as the desert crocodile, that once existed throughout the Sahara at a time of more abundant rainfall (see Neolithic Subpluvial). A striking characteristic of this population of crocodiles is dwarfism, which developed due to their isolation, making them unusual (other such remnant populations are or were found in Mauritania and Algeria). They survive in only a few pools in river canyons in the area, for example, the Guelta d'Archei, and are threatened with extinction. The last lions (West African subspecies) in the Sahara also survived here until they became extinct in the 1940s due to increased land use and hunting/poaching. Any surviving scimitar oryx antelopes and Sudan cheetah still alive in the wild are likely to be found in the remote regions of the Ennedi Plateau. Researchers used camera traps to identify an isolated population of North African ostrich that was discovered to still be living in the protected area. It has been suggested that the cryptid Ennedi tiger (a supposed surviving sabertooth cat) may also live there. Gazelles and antelopes are also known to be present in the area. Unfortunately, poaching and hunting have decreased the number of species in the area. Lastly, the discovery of the fish species "P. senegalus" and "P. normani" are of particular interest to researchers. The identification of these species in the Sahara desert shows the connection between the Ounianga lakes and Lake Chad. The researchers sampled during the day and the night with landing-nets and other observations to conduct their study. Finally, there are only seven species of fish found in the Ennedi, according to researcher Daget.
Flora.
A total number of 2,173 species of flora are native to Chad, and some of the first flora researchers in the area back in the 1950s included R. Corti, H. Gillet, R. Maire, and P. Quézel. There are currently over 525 species of flora that have been listed in the Ennedi. Specifically, researcher Gillet used a classification system to describe 7 main life forms for the 526 species of flora found: 41.3% therophytes, 3.0% geophytes, 5.1% helophytes, 1.1% hydrophytes, 7.0% hemicryptophytes, 18.4% chamaephytes, 15.1% phanerophytes. Unusual species, including "Rauwolfia caffra", a type of tree typically found in tropical and equatorial Africa, is found in the Ennedi. Much of the vegetation is protected by the presence of deep canyons and gueltas. Only 2% of Chadian land is currently cultivated, about 50% is grazed, and cereal grains make up the main food groups. During arid periods, this site serves as a refuge for subtropical taxa, such as palms and grasses. The most common types of soils in Chad include "Leptosols", "Regosols", and "Arenosols" in the central and northern regions, and "Fluvisols", "Plinthosols", "Planosols", "Solonchaks", and "Vertisols" in the southern region. The Desert Locust is known for its deleterious impacts on the local flora, specifically crops and pastures.
Culture.
While there is a lack of absolute dates concerning the Ennedi rock art, the images can be dated to around 5000 BC onwards. The archaeological record and sites' rock art allows researchers to generate these dates because there is, unfortunately, a lack of organic materials. For instance, only one cattle jaw was found from around 630 BC. However, researchers continue to use radiocarbon dates from both charcoal and other cattle bones to age these sites. In addition, there are around six sites, and around 40 pictures have been found. Examples of petroglyphs or rock paintings have been found in the area, such as those at the "lost site" of Niola Doa. Thousands of paintings and carvings of people and animals exist throughout the area and are estimated to be about 8,000 years old. Much of the art has been recognized with its great expression through color, with more than 86% of the art painted and 14% engraved. The art was found on the floors, on the ceilings, and the walls of shelters created by wind erosion, and they are often found in elevated positions.
Rock art.
The artwork portrays both animals and humans as they are in real life, with little to no hunter-gatherer representation. Unfortunately, many of the paintings have deteriorated due to weathering and vandalism.
Significance.
Early pictures were monochrome, representing people as working with their livestock, and many were shown with hunting gear while walking and running. This portrayal emphasized the type of lifestyle people had during the early Iron Age, a period in Africa from around the second century AD until 1000 AD. As time progressed, images became much more colorful. There were also many more combative weapons shown, which may have been due to intensified fighting due to distinguished hierarchies. A changing climate, due to decreased water and pasture, may have been indicated with these types of weapons.
Animals.
Domesticated animals made up nearly 55% of the artwork depicted at Ennedi Plateau. However, the rock art had the greatest emphasis on domesticated cattle. In fact, at one site, Murdi, researchers graphed the frequency of humans and animals found among the rock art. Cattle consisted of over 50% of the total pictures, caprids around 10%, and dogs around 5%. The first rock picture ever discovered included the "Apollon Garamante," which showed two masked persons on the side of cattle. Cattle were perceived as having unique horns, especially among longhorn cattle which occupied a large population. For instance, some cattle were given lyre-shaped horns. Cattle were known to have a large financial, cultural, and environmental impact on the people of the Ennedi highlands. They were also given distinct coats to individualize these animals, and rock art at some sites, including the Chiguéou II site, includes cattle figures in extravagant geometric designs. Cattle were found all among the highlands, while other animals, such as horses, were not. Other types of domesticated animals found included ovids and dogs.
During the Iron Age, people survived on a more nomadic lifestyle, choosing to display camels and specifically horses in their pictures. However, these animals were not individualized with different coats as the cows were. Also, while paintings of cattle portray the animals as static, horses are shown as galloping animals, creating an artistic quality to the art. Some more recent paintings included horses with chariots. Horses are believed to not be exhibited in the artwork as much as other animals, such as cattle, due to a lesser influence on the pastoralists. Camels were also portrayed, having more movement than the other animals.
Wild animals were also portrayed in the artwork for their religious and mythical meanings. Giraffes were the most common wild animals demonstrated, and they were most often expressed during hunter-gatherer times. Also, numerous rhinos were crafted alongside round-headed humans, unusual for the typical behavior of rhinos as they usually live as couples or loners.
People.
Depictions of people are fairly common in Ennedi rock art, and among the human figures found, only 4% were engraved. There were numerous handprints from both men and women found among the rock art. Males are often exhibited as standing in front of cattle holding a lance and a shield, mainly seen as protecting their animals. Females are not portrayed as often as males. The graph mentioned previously that showed the frequency of humans and animals found that at the site Mundi, men were depicted 20% of the time, while women were only depicted 10%. However, women were often displayed as extravagantly decorated, such as those at Niola Dola. They were often covered in wavy lines and interesting geometric patterns, and these designs have been compared to Round Head-style figures found in Algeria.
At sites like Nabara 2, located on the base of the north-face of the Saodomanga, oval engravings depict fauna like camels, cattle, and giraffes. Warriors are seen hiding behind round shields, and women are donned in long dresses. Females are not accompanied by weapons, while the men typically are.
Another major site, Niola Doa, which means "The place of the girls," in the local language, is no longer considered under UNESCO protection, yet is known as one of the most important rock sites in the Sahara. Many figures appear to be naked, with smaller figures adorning skirts, and some were seen as having a genetic condition known as steatopygia, which is caused by an accumulation of fat in the thighs and the buttocks.
Pottery.
During 5,000-4,000 cal BC, the Ennedi people worked as hunting, fishing, and gathering groups mainly in the plains. They mainly remained in settlement sites due to favorable conditions. Pottery vessels used at these sites included dotted wavy-line patterns unique to this period.
As time progressed until around 4,000 cal BC, hunting and gathering societies shifted to cattle-herding. With a shift in lifestyle, pottery styles changed as well. For instance, vessels now had much more decorative patterns, and different shapes of pots were created. Also, certain stone tools emerged for the first time, including axes.
Lastly, due to increased aridity from 3,000-2,000 BC, there were more established settlements, as well as a greater amount of herding with mainly small livestock. The pottery exhibited geometric patterns for the first time, and stone tools included mainly just retouched flakes and grinding material.
Research and outreach.
As rock art depictions have shown, there has been a decrease in fauna over time due to climatic changes, but also due to hunting and poaching. While the decrease in fauna has been a large issue in the area, vandalism has also taken a large toll on the site. For instance, suspected local youths defaced rock art at the Ennedi rock art site by scrawling their names on the art in French and Arabic, with the latest inscription from January 2017. Chad's minister of culture, Mahamat Saleh Haroun, described the situation, "It's an African story and they wanted to destroy that." While the head of UNESCO in Chad Abdelkerim Adoum Bahar believes the damage can be repaired, other organizations have since become involved. For example, the Trust for African Rock Art, in partnership with the Factum Foundation, has since documented Ennedi through photographs; their mission is to show the issues involved in protecting rock art. Due to both erosion and vandalism, the Ennedi has faced deterioration, but this art has now been recorded in 3D to raise awareness about the beauty of this site. Films have also been made about this landscape, including Towers of the Ennedi, directed by Renan Ozturk to show the beauty of the Ennedi.


Matheniko Wildlife Reserve

The Matheniko Wildlife Reserve is a conservation area in the Karamoja subregion of northeastern Uganda. It is the fifth most-threatened conservation protected area in Uganda.
Location.
Matheniko is a part of the corridor of protected areas in Karamoja that stretches from Kidepo National Park down through Bokora and Pian Upe Wildlife Reserves. The Reserve's northeastern boundary is also the Uganda-Kenya border.
Geology.
The elevation of the Reserve is between .
Climate.
Matheniko falls into the Somalia-Masai ecoregion of semi-desert grassland and shrubland. Average annual rainfall in the Reserve is , with peaks in April–May and in November.
Biology.
a good type of vegetation is found here
Tourism.
The Uganda Wildlife Authority is actively working to develop Matheniko's tourism infrastructure. As of February 2012 it seeking bidders to construct a six roomed Guest House there.


Southern Oceans Seabird Study Association

The Southern Oceans Seabird Study Association (SOSSA) is an Australian natural history research and conservation organisation. It is based in Wollongong, New South Wales. It was formally established in 1994 by members of the New South Wales Albatross Study Group Lindsay Smith and Harry Battam to be an umbrella organisation for groups involved with biological research on, and concerned about the environment of, the Southern Ocean. However, its origins go back to the start of long-term banding studies of albatrosses by Doug Gibson and Allan Sefton on the coast of New South Wales in the mid-1950s, with SOSSA continuing one of the longest-running albatross research programs in the world.
SOSSA is also involved in research and conservation of little penguins in New South Wales, making its data sheets available to the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service and being represented on their Little Penguin Recovery Team.
SOSSA operates monthly public pelagic trips from Wollongong to see seabirds and marine mammals. Projects supported by SOSSA include studies of "Diomedea" and "Thalassarche" albatrosses, sooty oystercatchers, cuttlefish, and the Five Islands Nature Reserve off Port Kembla.


El Palmar Integrated Management Natural Area

El Palmar Integrated Management Natural Area ("Área Natural de Manejo Integrado El Palmar") - not to be confused with El Palmar National Park in Argentina - is a protected area in Bolivia located in the Chuquisaca Department, Jaime Zudáñez Province.


List of Colorado natural areas


Moyenne Island

Moyenne Island is a small island () in the Ste Anne Marine National Park off the north coast of Mahé, Seychelles. Since the 1970s it has been a flora and fauna reserve. From 1915 until the 1960s, the island was abandoned until its purchase by Brendon Grimshaw, a former newspaper editor, originally from Dewsbury in Yorkshire, England.
Grimshaw was the only inhabitant of the island until his death in July 2012. Currently the island is a National Park and can be visited as part of organized trips.
History.
Brendon Grimshaw purchased the island for £8,000 in 1962 and set about making the island habitable. He did this with the help of one other man, Rene Antoine Lafortune. They operated the island as a nature reserve, charging visitors €12 to come ashore, roam the island, dine at the "Jolly Roger" restaurant and relax on the beach.
Grimshaw and his friend planted sixteen thousand trees, built of nature paths, and brought and bred Aldabra giant tortoises, intending to create an island of incredible beauty. Apart from a wide variety of plant and bird life, the island is home to around 120 giant tortoises. The eldest, Desmond, is 76 years old, according to Grimshaw in 2012. He named the tortoise after his godson.
In 1996, Grimshaw wrote a book about himself and the island, entitled "A Grain of Sand". In 2009, a documentary film was produced about Grimshaw and the island, called "A Grain of Sand".
After 20 years of persistence, Grimshaw and his assistant Lafortune achieved their goal of making Moyenne Island a National Park in its own right, separate to that of the Ste. Anne marine park. Now known as the Moyenne Island National Park, it harbours more species per square foot than any other part of the world. The island is away from the main island of Mahe.
Grimshaw died in Victoria, Mahe, in July 2012.
In 2013, after the island has received its own national park status, a new hut was built and a warden was posted on the island, collecting the entrance fee from tourists.
Administration.
The island belongs to Mont Fleuri District.
Tourism.
Today, the island's main industry is tourism, and it is known for its beaches, especially "Anse Creole Travel Services" (formerly known as Anse Jolly Roger). The restaurant on the beach is a haven for tourists. behind the restaurant is the local warden's house.
The island is also visited for its wide variety of underwater creatures like fish, sharks and rays.
Cuisine.
Fish is the main ingredient.


Cape Fugui

Cape Fugui, Cape Fukwei, Fukwei Chiao, Fuguei Cape, or is the northernmost point on Taiwan. It is located in near Laomei Village (, "Lǎoméi Lǐ") in Shimen District in New Taipei.
Name.
"Fùguì" is the pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of its Chinese name These characters literally mean "rich and noble Cape" but actually transcribe the local Hokkien pronunciation "Hù-kùi", used as a transliteration of the Dutch "" ("hook; cape").
In the 19th century, it was known as Foki during the period of Qing rule. Under Japanese rule, it was known as Fūki Kaku from the Japanese pronunciation of the same characters. During Taiwan's brief official use of Tongyong Pinyin, it was known as Fuguei.
Geography.
Cape Fugui is the northernmost point of Formosa or Taiwan Island and forms one end of Laomei Bay.
The cape under its Japanese name "Fuki Kaku"forms part of the IHO's current definitions of the East and South China Seas. The still unapproved draft of the 4th edition of the "Limits of Oceans and Seas" amends the name to its pinyin form Fugui but moves the boundary of the South China Sea from Fugui to Taiwan's southern cape Eluan.
Cape Fugui is also considered part of the northern border of the Taiwan Strait.
History.
The Japanese administration erected a building on the cape in 1896 as the endpoint of an undersea cable. It was destroyed during the Second World War. The present lighthouse was erected by the Taiwanese government in 1949 to help guide shipping and received its present black-and-white octagonal tower in 1962. It was opened to the public in 2015, but entry is only permitted on the weekends as it remains an active radar station of the Taiwanese Air Force.
Park.
Cape Fugui or Fuguijiao Park surrounds the headland. It includes a rocky beach with ventifacts (wind-shaped rocks) and lush tropical vegetation. There is a walking trail around the cape from Fuji Harbor (, "Fùjī Yúgǎng") to Laomei Village and the brick Laomei Maze. Old barracks from the Taiwanese armed forces have been converted into an arts center. In September and October, the park forms part of Shimen District's kite festival.
Transportation.
The cape is about along Provincial Highway 2. It is sometimes inaccessible because of rockslides during heavy rain, as during June 2017.


Lam Khlong Ngu National Park

Lam Khlong Ngu National Park (thai: อุทยานแห่งชาติลำคลองงู) is a national park in Chale, Thong Pha Phum District, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. It was established on 25 December 2009. The park, caves and waterfall are in the protected area of Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation.<mapframe latitude="14.8273" longitude="98.8639" zoom="11" width="400" height="300" align="right">
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Geography.
Lam Khlong Ngu is located on Tanaosri Mountains from north to south. Most of the area is covered with many valleys and hills. The height of middle sea level is about 100 – 1000 meters. The important hill is Bor Ngam hill.
Climate.
The climate is tropical monsoon. It is influenced by Southwest monsoon in summer and Northeast monsoon in winter. In summer, the weather is the hottest and in winter, the weather is the coolest. It has three seasons : Summer from March until May, Rainy from June until October and winter from November until February. From June to September there are many clouds while from November to April a few clouds are found.
Attractions.
Nang Kruan Waterfall.
Nang Kruan waterfall is a big limestone waterfall in Lam Khlong Ngu. Water runs in the waterfall all the year-round. The headwater is from Thong Pha Phum creek and Chalae creek. There are 7 levels.
Kliti waterfall.
Kliti waterfall is a limestone waterfall like Nang Kruan waterfall.
Monolithic cave.
Waterway of Lam Khlong Ngu flows through the cave and inside monolithic cave has the monolithic is located by nature. The cave has the highest monolithic in the world. The height is 62.5 meters.


Matusadona National Park

Matusadona National Park is a national park in northern Zimbabwe situated on the southern shore of Lake Kariba. The park takes its name from the local Matuzviadonha Hills.
History.
Matusadona was proclaimed a non-hunting area on 7 November 1958 before being declared as a Game Reserve in 1963, and then in 1975 it became a National Park, under the Parks & Wildlife Act of Rhodesia. Matusadona National Park covers of flat plains and rugged mountains protecting a diverse flora and fauna. Its area encompasses a combination of pristine and rugged wilderness, which before the Kariba Dam was built and Lake Kariba created, was very inaccessible. The creation of the lake caused profound ecological changes. In particular, the availability of grazing on the lakeshore has contributed to an increase in the populations of large mammals large mammal in the park, especially those of elephant and Cape buffalo. The species of grass growing on the shoreline is "Panicum repens" which grows as long as the lake levels fluctuate bringing nutrients to the shore. This source of grazing has allowed populations of large grazers such as Cape buffalo, waterbuck, common zebra, and impala to thrive, attracting the associated predators. Matusadona National Park is an Intensive Protection Zone (IPZ) and home to several relocated rhinoceros.
Ecology and management.
Matusadona National Park includes three distinct ecological areas. The first is Lake Kariba and its shoreline grasslands, the second is the floor of the Zambezi Valley, with its thick jesse, "Combretum celastroides", thickets and mopane woodland, and; third, the Escarpment area of "Julbernardia" and "Brachystegia" woodlands. The woodlands do not have much grass but provide habitat for browsers, most notably the black rhinoceros. Elephants can be found throughout the Park, seeking shade under the canopy of jesse during the heat of the day.
From the floor of the Zambezi valley the escarpment rises some and is extremely rugged. Elephant browsing and fire depredations have, in recent years, caused the once substantial woodlands to decrease allowing grassland to develop. This led to the park managers deciding that it was necessary to take control measures to reduce the elephant population and to carry out early burning programmes in the upper escarpment, to reduce the risk of later, hotter fires from causing serious damage to the trees. These programmes have been effective as demonstrated by regrowth apparent in the Escarpment area.
Within a area there was +100 lions feeding on a bounty of Cape buffalo. The buffalo began to disappear after losing vital grazing areas to a rise in the level of Lake Kariba upon which the park is set on. This in turn saw the lions begin to decline. By 2004 a study estimated a mere 28 lions remained in the area but no research was available on their viability and/or any other threats the population may be facing. The population is still remaining at a low density and is therefore susceptible to a variety of environmental and human induced pressures. Other mammals found include leopard, warthog, greater kudu and bushbuck.
African Parks.
In November 2019 management of Matusadona National Park was assumed by African Parks, in partnership with Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority, because of the deteriorated condition of the park due to rampant poaching.
Facilities.
The following campsites are within the Matusadona National Park Tashinga Camp, Sanyati Camp and Changachirere Camp, as well as undeveloped bush camps at Jenje and Kanjedza for up to a maximum of 10 persons per camp. There are also what are termed exclusive campsites at Ume, Muuyu, Mbalabala, Maronga, and Kautsiga.
Access.
There is a small, landing strip is available at Tashinga Camp which can take small aircraft. Many visitors access the park by boat either from Bumi Hills or Kariba town. It has relatively poor accessibility by road and an extremely harsh internal network of roads keep the crowds and traffic low. The roads are closed in the rainy season.


List of World Heritage Sites in Argentina

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Sites are the places of important cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972. Argentina accepted the UNESCO World Heritage Convention on 23 August 1978, making its historical sites eligible for inclusion on the list.
Argentina had its first site included on the list at the 5th session of World Heritage Committee, held in Sydney, Australia, in October 1981. At that session, "Los Glaciares National Park" was inscribed on the list. , 3 elements have been inscribed on the Intangible cultural heritage and 11 sites have been inscribed on the World Heritage List: 6 cultural sites and 5 natural sites. A further 10 sites have been proposed for inscription and are on the tentative list.
Tentative list.
In addition to the sites inscribed on the World Heritage List, member states can maintain a list of tentative sites that they may consider for nomination. Nominations for the World Heritage List are only accepted if the site was previously listed on the tentative list. As of 2017, Argentina recorded 6 sites on its tentative list.


Om Prakash Agrawal

Om Prakash Agrawal is an Indian Conservationist and the founder member of several organizations related to cultural heritage and conservation such as Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH), "Indian Council of Conservation Institute" (ICCI) and the "National Research Laboratory for the Conservation of Cultural Property" (NRLC). He is the director general of INTACH Indian Conservation Institute and a former director general of ICCI and NRLC. The Government of India honoured him in 2011, with the award of Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award for his contributions to the area of conservation.
Biography.
Om Prakash Agrawal, born in 1931, holds a master's degree (MSc) in chemistry. He was one of the founders of the "National Research Laboratory for Conservation of Cultural Property" (NRLC), Lucknow in 1976 where he served as its director till 1985. During his stint there, he joined a group led by Pupul Jayakar and founded the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) in 1984. It is reported that Agrawal played a part in the formation of the Indian Conservation Institute as an INTACH unit under the aegis National Mission for Manuscripts in 1985 and, after retiring from NRLC, joined the institute as its director general, a post he holds to the day. He is a former director general of the "Indian Council of Conservation Institute" (ICCI) and the incumbent president of the International Council of Biodeterioration of Cultural Property (ICBCP). He is also a former president of "Museum Association of India" and "Indian Association for the Study of Conservation of Cultural Property".
Agrawal is an honorary fellow of the "Indian Association for the Study of Conservation of Cultural Property" (FIASC) and the "International Institute of Conservation" (FIIC). He also serves as a consultant to several international bodies such as UNESCO, International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM), International Council of Museums (ICOM), and Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Archaeology and Fine Arts (SPAFA) and as a board member of the National Research Laboratory for the Conservation of Cultural Property (NRLC). He is the author over 200 articles and has published 37 books, either as an author or as an editor.
Agrawal, holder of the degree of DLitt (honoris Causa), is a recipient of ICOM award in 1990 and ICCROM award in 1993. The Government of India included him in the Republic Day honours list, in 2011, for the civilian award of Padma Shri. He is married to Usha Agrawal who is a director of programmes of the INTACH Indian Conservation Institute since 1991.


Mushtaq Pahalgami

Mushtaq Ahmad Magrey, also known as Mushtaq Pahalgami (born 1981), is a social activist, environmentalist and president of Himalayan Welfare Organization. He hails from Pahalgam town of Anantnag of Jammu and Kashmir. He was honoured with an award from the Ministry of Tourism working for the cause of education, public health and environmental conservation in Pahalgam, Kashmir. He is also one of the earliest promoters of 'green-trek' in the region with the purpose of inculcating environmental social responsibility & a sense of moral social duty among the youth, and has been raising his voice against the encroachment of wildlife areas by influential people in Pahalgam.
Career.
Mushtaq Pahalgami has worked closely with many other environmental and social activists in the region, including environment and human rights lawyer Parvez Imroz. Pahalgami is founder and president of the NGO Himalayan Welfare Organization, Pahalgam (HWO), committed to service in the areas of health care, environmental protection and conservation, tourism, education, poverty reduction and alleviation human rights, and preservation of the famous Kolahoi Glacier, Lidder and Sind Rivers.
Pahalgami also works with trade unions and social organizations like the Pahalgam Collation of Unions, Pahalgam Hotel/Guest House Owners Union, Pahalgam Travel and Tour Operators Union, Pahalgam Tent Union, and Pahalgam Peoples Welfare Organization. He and his team at HWO are known in the region for organizing free medical camps, educational conferences, environment preservation and awareness programmes, seminars and symposiums about the right to Information public education and health care, drug deaddiction, animal rights, sanitation and hygiene apart from ongoing flood relief operations after the recent floods in the valley.
Pahalgami has campaigned for environmental conservation in the Himalayan region, particularly in and around Pahalgam, compelling exploitative forest, timber and land interests to retreat from most parts of the region through a long and sustained legal battle and RTI crusade against illegal occupation of forest land, hunting of wild animals, felling of trees and smuggling of timber. HWO has also organised over 30 camps and information campaigns to promote and ensure conservation of the natural ecosystems of the Lidder and Sind rivers as well as the Kolhoi Glacier.
Social Campaigns.
Pahalgami and his team at the HWO have filed hundreds of Right to Information Act RTI and Public Service Guarantee Act PSGA applications and cases, particularly concerning land grabbing, illegal construction and illegal land-use in and around Pahalgam; ensuring implementation of the 2008 J&K High-court order staying all construction and repair in the region. This has resulted in positive interventions and more than two hundred notices served in various cases, to the Department of Social Welfare, Ministry of Tourism, Department of Education, Department of Consumer Affairs, Department of Public Distribution, rural Development, Ministry of Environment, Forest Department, Integrated Child development project; GOI, and State Assembly Secretariat, among others.
Mushtaq Pahalgami's sustained efforts at inculcating a culture of rational critique and inquiry among the youth, have also strengthened the citizens' movement in the region. His persistent efforts in questioning the state-machinery's inefficacy has given much-needed impetus to the state's anti-corruption movement.
Pahalgami has been pursuing the welfare of his local environment in his capacities and has been vocal about the encroachment of forests by hotels & resorts and the rising pressure on wildlife, sometimes bearing physical assault for his intentions, yet organising clean-up treks against the use of plastic in his village. He has been pro-active in guiding the public attention towards a sustainable maintenance of the tourist spots in the area, and has raised the issues pertaining to the upkeep of tourists sites, like the inconvenience caused by the defunct street lights to tourists in night hours, unsettling of debris caused by burning of 3 buildings since 7 years, negligence towards significant water leakages in the area, etc.


Christiansfeld

Christiansfeld, with a population of 3,016 (1 January 2020), is a town in Kolding Municipality in Southern Jutland in Region of Southern Denmark. The town was founded in 1773 by the Moravian Church and named after the Danish king Christian VII. Since July 2015 it has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
History.
Most of Christiansfeld was constructed in the years 1773–1800, following a strict city plan. To encourage construction, king Christian VII promised a ten-year tax holiday for the city and paid 10% of the construction costs of new houses. It was one of many towns in Schleswig officially designated a small market town ("flække").
In 1864, Christiansfeld and the rest of Schleswig was ceded to Prussia as a result of Denmark's defeat in the Second Schleswig War. It remained a part of Germany until 1920 when, as a part of a plebiscite called for by the Treaty of Versailles, Northern Schleswig voted to rejoin Denmark. After reunification, the Moravian church lost some of the rights it had obtained as a part of the town's founding in the 18th century. For example, it no longer had the ability to choose the towns leadership, paving the way for the town's first Danish mayor who was not a member of the church in 1920. The church also sold its schools at this time due to the declining membership of its congregation.
From 1970 to 2007, the town was the administrative seat of Christiansfeld Municipality, but it lost this status and was placed in the Kolding Municipality as a part of the Municipal Reform of 2007 (Kommunalreformen 2007).
Today.
Today, the city is a tourist attraction: the old city core, the Moravian Church with its light, simple and impressive hall and the special cemetery draw thousands of tourists each year. Its well preserved architecture is one of the reasons it was nominated as a tentative UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993. It was finally inscribed on the main list on 4 July 2015.
The town is famed for its honey cakes. These are baked to a secret recipe from 1783. Until 2008, the cakes were baked in the original 18th-century bakery, which was then renovated because of new national sanitary standards, but still uses the original recipes.


Tinetto

Tinetto is an Italian island situated in the Gulf of La Spezia, in the eastern part of the Ligurian Sea. It is part of an archipelago of three closely spaced islands jutting out south from the mainland at Portovenere. In 1997, the archipelago, together with Portovenere and the Cinque Terre, was designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
Wildlife.
A subspecies of the common wall lizard, "Podarcis muralis tinettoi", is endemic to the island.


Conservation in Scotland

This article gives an overview of the structure of environmental and cultural conservation in Scotland, a constituent country of the United Kingdom.
Upon the introduction of devolved government the environment and built heritage were not listed as reserved issues, and so for the most part conservation is the responsibility of the Scottish Parliament, the Scottish Government, and the public bodies that report to them. Although originally reserved, responsibility for all planning and nature conservation matters at sea up to 200 miles from the Scottish coast was transferred to the Scottish Government in 2008. Some matters related to conservation, such as international treaties and border controls on prohibited species, remain the responsibility of the UK Government.
Much environment legislation in Scotland is based on the adoption into Scots law of European Union directives, such as the Habitats Directive. As such there may be changes to the structure and nature of conservation activities in Scotland following the UK's departure from the European Union.
Scottish Government.
Scottish Government directorates.
Conservation matters are dealt with across a number of directorates of the Scottish Government:
Scottish ministers.
Three Cabinet Secretaries hold portfolios with responsibility for conservation issues:
Public bodies.
The following are public bodies of the Scottish Government, with notes on their areas of responsibility.
United Kingdom Government.
Within the UK Government, environmental protection is the responsibility of the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). Two UK-wide executive agencies with responsibility for conservation matters include Scotland within their remit:
Non-governmental organisations.
Many non-governmental organisations are active in conservation issues in Scotland. The following list provides some examples.


Santa Cruz de Mompox

Mompox or Mompós, officially Santa Cruz de Mompox, is a town and municipality in northern Colombia, in the Bolívar Department, which has preserved its colonial character. Mompox depends upon tourism, fishing, and some commerce generated by the local cattle raising. It has about 30,000 inhabitants, and is adjacent to the municipalities of Pinillos and San Fernando. The historic center of Mompox was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995, owing to its preserved colonial architecture and mixture of architectural styles.
Simón Bolívar, liberator of much of Spanish South America, said: "If to Caracas I owe my life, then to Mompox I owe my glory." Simón Bolívar arrived in Mompox in 1812 and recruited nearly all of the able-bodied men, some four hundred, who formed the basis of the army for his victory in Caracas.
History.
Mampo (or Mompoj) was the local indigenous chieftain of the Malibu culture, when the Spanish conquistadors arrived, and Mompox means "land of the ruler Mampo". The city was founded on May 3, 1537, by Alonso de Heredia, brother of Pedro de Heredia, as a safe port on the Magdalena. Santa Cruz de Mompox became quite prosperous as a port for the transportation of goods upriver into the interior. A royal mint was established here and the town was known for its goldsmiths. This prosperity had begun to wane in the nineteenth century, but continued until early in the twentieth century when the river shifted and sediment accumulated on this arm of the river, at which point Magangué became the favored port.
How to reach Mompox.
Across the Reconciliación bridge, a mega-structure that extends for about 12 kilometers (7.4 miles) over the Magdalena river inaugurated on 30 March 2020. The Yati-Bodega segment connects the western and Magdalena Medio highways, both of which are part of the This segment reduces travel time between the inner country and the Colombian Caribbean coast by approximately 3 hours, and touches the economy of both Mompox and La Mojana.
The structure comprises the Santa Lucia and Roncador bridges, the Isla Grande highway, a road to connect the Roncador and Bodega bridges, and maintenance between the Yatí pathway and Santa Fe.
Buildings and architecture.
Santa Cruz de Mompox is known for the preservation of its colonial architectural features, as expressed by the mixture of its Spanish and Indian styles. UNESCO named the historic center of Mompox as a World Heritage Site in 1995. Today, most of the colonial buildings are still used for their original purposes, which provides an excellent example of a Spanish colonial city. Of particular note is the wrought ironwork decorating doors, railings, and window grills along the streets, notably on Calle de la Albarrada, Calle Real del Medio, and Calle de Atrás. Notable churches include Santa Bárbara (built 1613), San Agustín (built 1606), San Juan de Dios, and Immaculate Conception. There is also a museum of colonial art that houses religious gold colonial masterpieces.
The building visually disrupts the landscape between the Church of the Immaculate Conception and the Magdalena river. Thus, the building represents a modification of the original design of the town square.
Tourism.
From the moment it was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Mompox has been attractive for tourists due to its colonial architecture. This has made it the stage for important independent cinema festivals and the Jazz Festival.
Another reason why Mompox is popular among visitors is the Holy Week celebrations starting on Palm Sunday with a flower and candles parade to honor the dead followed by various other ceremonies associated with diverse religious events.
All this, as well as its complex of ecclesiastical locales make Mompox a prime destination for religious tourism in Colombia.
There is a close relationship between Mompox and the Magdalena river which defined its origin, its flourishing, and its early eclipse.
 Another reason to visit Mompox is its gastronomy, featuring myriad dishes based on cassava, corn, fish, achiote, and chili pepper.
One of the biggest crowd-pleasers is the "casabito", an ubiquitous street dish consisting of an omelet prepared with raw cassava, cheese, ground coconut, sugar, and, in some cases, anise.
Another renowned delicacy is the queso de capa: a type of cheese with over 100 years of artisanal production and tradition, it features an elastic texture and is served in layers
The Colombian government named Mompox a "Pueblo Patrimonio" (heritage town) in 2010. It was among only 11 municipalities nationwide that were selected to be part of the "Red Turística de Pueblos Patrimonio" original cohort.
Music.
Mompox is the home of the musician/singer Totó la Momposina and her band. Their music is a fusion of African and Spanish influences as well as the harmonies of the natives of the region and is associated with cumbia music.
Mompox Filigree.
A few artisan guilds took hold in Mompox during the 16th century, including clay workers, blacksmiths, goldsmiths, and silversmiths. At the same time, the port was an important trade center for gold extracted in Antioquia, which left behind numerous pieces of the precious metal for local commercialization.
These two factors converged on the dissemination of the filigree craft.
The indigenous casting technique, which is at the heart of the craft of the local goldsmiths, was combined with the ancestral techniques brought by African slaves, thus giving birth to Mompox filigree. This form of art is defined by the union of different thin threads of metal which are then intertwined to create different kinds of ornaments with spirals as the most predominant shapes.
Due to current elevated gold prices in both local and international markets, artisans have developed techniques to replace gold with silver.


Mu Ko Chang National Park

Mu Ko Chang National Park () is in Trat Province, eastern Thailand. It spans several provincial districts. It is a marine national park with an area of , including 52 islands. The most notable island within the archipelago is Ko Chang. Ko Chang covers an area of 212.947 km2 and is the major island in the Mu Ko Chang National Park, which became Thailand's 45th National Park
in 1982. The park is an IUCN Category II protected area with coral reefs.
Fauna.
Jawed vertebrates present around the island include Oceanic whitetip shark and Whitetip reef shark. Among the reptile and amphibian species are King cobra, Reticulated python, Common water monitor, Hawksbill sea turtle and Soft-shelled turtle. Pink skunk clownfish is also around the island. Mammals on the island include Barking deer, Small Indian civet, Squirrel and Stump-tailed macaque. Bird population include Red-headed trogon, Tickell's blue flycatcher, Blue-winged pitta, Hooded pitta, Great hornbill, Wreathed hornbill, Oriental pied hornbill, Shikra, Green imperial pigeon and Heart-spotted woodpecker.


Bedgebury National Pinetum

Bedgebury National Pinetum at Bedgebury, Kent, in the United Kingdom, is a recreational and conservational arboretum and, with the National Arboretum at Westonbirt, comprises the UK National Arboreta. It was established as the National Conifer Collection in 1925 and is now recognised as the most complete collection of conifers on one site anywhere in the world. The collection has over 10,000 trees growing across , including rare, endangered and historically important specimens. Bedgebury National Pinetum conducts conservation work and is home to some 56 vulnerable or critically endangered species and houses five NCCPG National Plant Collections.
History.
Bedgebury is first mentioned in an Anglo-Saxon charter in AD 841, the name deriving from the Old English "bycgan", meaning "buy", and the Kentish , meaning "to bend or turn", possibly in reference to a stream.
John de Bedgebury is listed as the earliest resident of Bedgebury, in the time of Edward II. In the 15th century Agnes de Bedgebury, sister and heir of John (died 1424) married John Colepeper, whose Colepeper heirs, financed by mining clay-ironstone on the estate, were resident until at the time of the restoration of Charles II, and who created an ornamental park on the Bedgebury estate. Elizabeth I visited in August 1573.
The current house was built in 1688 for Sir James Hayes, a little apart from the old house. The estate later passed to the Stephenson family, who retained it until it was left to a Miss Peach, who sold it in 1789 to John Cartier, Governor of Bengal and High Sheriff of Kent, who improved the plantings and the house.
In the 1840s Viscount William Beresford developed the estate by creating the village of Kilndown and three lodges, one of which – Keepers Lodge, now known as Park House – became the centre of the Pinetum. Beresford initiated the pinetum in the 1850s and his successor, his stepson Alexander Beresford Hope, developed Lady Mildred's Drive to enable visitors in carriages to view the trees.
The estate was sold in 1899 to Isaac Lewis, who allowed the collection to fall into neglect, and it was purchased by the Crown Estate in 1918 for its marshy land and drier ridges, as well as its streams, lakes and valleys.
In 1919, the house was bought by the Church Education Corporation to operate as a school. The school closed in 2006.
The Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew and the Forestry Commission established the site as The National Pinetum in a joint venture in 1924, as the National Conifer Collection, because air pollution was rendering London unsuitable for growing conifers. A site at the southern end of Bedgebury Park was chosen, centred on Marshall's Lake and a stream-filled valley.
The first plants for the pinetum were raised at Kew Gardens in 1921 and transferred to Bedgebury in 1925 and 1926, alongside Viscount Beresford's existing plantings. Development of the collection was managed by the Kew botanist William Dallimore, a world-renowned expert on conifers.
In 1969 management of the pinetum reverted solely to the Forestry Commission, who extended it in 1977 and created two new lakes. In the Great Storm of 1987 almost a quarter of the trees were brought down.
The collection.
The aim of Bedgebury National Pinetum is "to grow as many species of conifers as the climatic conditions will allow, planted in generic groupings, using geographically associated plantings where possible." (W. Dallimore, 1923)
The pinetum holds 10,000 specimens of conifers and other species that grow in temperate zones, including 7,000 trees, as living gene banks and as a genetic resource for future restoration programmes. It holds 2,300 different species of conifer, specimens of which include the tallest tree in Kent ("Abies grandis") and the three tallest Leyland Cypresses in the UK. The plan is for the pinetum to provide a mix of 70% conifers to 30% broadleaves, and to leave 40% of the site open to provide vistas and allow the trees to be appreciated.
Bedgebury National Pinetum is home to six NCCPG National Plant Collections: Yew, Juniper, Thuja, Lawson's Cypress, Leyland Cypress and Cryptomeria japonica.
The collection contains 56 species that have been officially declared vulnerable or critically endangered.
Conservation.
The scale and quality of Bedgebury National Pinetum's conifer collection have made it an ideal site to take part in the International Conifer Conservation Programme (ICCP), run by the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. The ICCP aims to promote the conservation of conifers through conservation work, research and education, and work carried out at Bedgebury makes up part of the effort to conserve the genetic diversity of conifers, particularly those from temperate forests.
The Bedgebury Conifer Conservation Project, initiated in 2007, is designed to use redundant forest plots to grow large numbers – up to 500 – of endangered conifers to provide an ex-situ genetic resource. The first plots were planted with Chilean plum yew by Boy Scouts celebrating their centenary in 2007, and future plantings will include samples from Europe, Asia, North America and Australasia.
Bedgebury nursery was the first to germinate Vietnamese golden cypress (Xanthocyparis vietnamensis) and chichibu birch (Betula chichibuensis) seeds in cultivation.


Mayuni Conservancy

The Mayuni Conservancy is a conservation area in Linyanti Constituency, in Namibia's northeastern Caprivi Region, along the eastern bank of the Cuando River.
Facilities.
Nambwa Campsite is in the Mayuni conservation area and started its operations in the year 2004. Nambwa is in the Kongola area in the Caprivi region. The campsite is located on the west of Katima Mulilo along the Katima Mulilo Highway, on the peripherals of the Bwabwata National Park.


Botswana Wildlife Training Institute

The Botswana Wildlife Training Institute (est. 1984) is a government funded educational facility in Botswana. It is located adjacent to the Maun Wildlife Educational Park, on the Thamalakane River near Maun in the North-West District.
It operates under the Botswana Department of Wildlife & National Parks (DWNP), and the Botswana Ministry of Environment, Wildlife & Tourism.
Programs.
It has programs for: wildlife management and wildlife conservation, professional tour guide certification, and Japanese language training.
Short courses.
Short continuing education courses include: