Clathria aceratoobtusa

Clathria aceratoobtusa is a species of sponge in the family Microcionidae. The genus "Clathria" is subdivided into a number of subgenera, and it is in the subgenus "Microciona". It is native to shallow water habitats in the Indo-Pacific region. The type locality is the Gulf of Thailand.
Description.
"Clathria aceratoobtusa" is an encrusting sponge forming patches thick. The oscula (exhalent pores) are up to in diameter and appear to have membranous lips. They are either flush with the smooth surface or slightly raised. The inhalant pores are tiny and scattered over the surface, giving a net-like effect. The texture is firm and the living sponge is a bright orange-red colour.
Distribution.
"Clathria aceratoobtusa" occurs in the tropical Indo-Pacific region, its range including Myanmar, Malaysia,Thailand, the Philippines, Micronesia and northern Australia.
In the 21st century, it has appeared for the first time in Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park in southern India, where it is causing concern by its invasiveness. At this site it occurs at depths down to about .
Ecology.
Coral reefs in tropical seas are biodiverse communities where corals, sponges, coralline algae, seaweeds and other organisms compete for space and nutrients. "Clathria aceratoobtusa" is an encrusting sponge found on reefs growing over the surface of rocks, bivalve molluscs, shell debris, coral colonies and worm tubes. It grows over the surface of corals at the rate of about per month, smothering them; a thin white line of dead tissue separates the healthy coral tissues from the advancing sponge. In India, where this sponge is a non-native, invasive species, the corals most affected by it are "Porites", "Acropora", "Montipora", "Favia" and especially "Turbinaria", which appears to be its favoured substrate. The sponge cannot easily be separated from the coral because it penetrates into the tissues. The corals in the Gulf of Mannar have a tendency to bleach and the sponge may be thriving there because of the corals' weakened state. In Yemen, where the sponge has also expanded its range, the coral most affected is "Porites lutea".


Eosentomon carolae

Eosentomon carolae is a species of proturan in the family Eosentomidae. It is found in Europe and Northern Asia (excluding China).


Ameroseius sculptilis

Ameroseius sculptilis is a species of mite in the family Ameroseiidae.


Karrabina benthamiana

Karrabina benthamiana is a species of rainforest trees, growing naturally in north–eastern New South Wales and south–eastern Queensland (mid. eastern coastal region), Australia. They have common names including red carabeen, leather jacket, brush mahogany, red bean, pink marara and brush mararie. This species used to be placed in the genus "Geissois" as "Geissois benthamiana".
Habitat.
Common in warm temperate and sub tropical rainforest areas, often seen in mountain gullies. It grows from near the Manning River area in New South Wales to near Tamborine Mountain, south eastern Queensland.
Description.
The Red Carabeen is a large tree to around 35 metres tall, and 140 cm in diameter. The trunk is round in cross section and often buttressed at the base. Bark is a wrinkly brown.
Leaves are pinnate and opposite with three leaflets. Leaflets significantly toothed. 5 to 15 cm long, smooth and green on both surfaces, darker above. New growth is bright red.
The midrib and lateral leaf veins are evident on both surfaces, conspicuously raised beneath. Twelve to sixteen net veins ending in a leaf tooth.
Flowers appear from October to January being yellow, in a slender raceme. The fruit is a downy capsule; almost cylindrical. Several flat seeds in each cell of the two cells in the capsule. Ripe from May to August, or irregular. Unlike many Australian rainforest trees, seed germination occurs rapidly.
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Acacia pubicosta

Acacia pubicosta is a tree or shrub belonging to the genus "Acacia" and the subgenus "Phyllodineae" native to north eastern Australia.
Description.
The tree or shrub typically grows to a height of up to . It has branchlets that are densely covered in soft, fine, silvery white and straight hairs set close against the surface and glabrous towards the extremities. Like many species of "Acacia" it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The thin, glabrous, evergreen phyllodes have a linear shape with a length of and a width of . The midrib is not prominent and the lateral nerves are inconspicuous. When it blooms from February to March and May to August it produces racemose inflorescences along a raceme axis of about with spherical flower-heads containing 15 to 20 white or cream coloured flowers. The thinly coriaceous, blackish and glabrous seed pods that form after flowering to a length of around and a width of containing longitudinally arranged seeds.
Taxonomy.
It is closely related to "Acacia polifolia" and they both have some affinity with "Acacia hamiltoniana".
Distribution.
It is endemic to south eastern Queensland around Biggenden and is also present on the Blackland tableland where it is found on steep rocky slopes and hilly terrain growing in stony and sandy soils. It is usually a part of woodlands, shrublands or heathland communities mostly in rocky areas or pavements. Associated species of trees found with "A. pubicosta" include "Eucalyptus crebra", "Eucalyptus acmenoides" and "Corymbia citriodora".


San Bernardino National Forest

The San Bernardino National Forest is a United States National Forest in Southern California encompassing of which are federal. The forest is made up of two main divisions, the eastern portion of the San Gabriel Mountains and the San Bernardino Mountains on the easternmost of the Transverse Ranges, and the San Jacinto and Santa Rosa Mountains on the northernmost of the Peninsular Ranges. Elevations range from 2,000 to 11,499 feet (600 to 3505 m). The forest includes seven wilderness areas: San Gorgonio, Cucamonga, San Jacinto, South Fork, Santa Rosa, Cahuilla Mountain and Bighorn Mountain. Forest headquarters are located in the city of San Bernardino. There are district offices in Lytle Creek, Idyllwild, and Fawnskin.
This site was the filming location for "Daniel Boone" in 1936; part of the 1969 musical film "Paint Your Wagon" was shot here.
Free camping is available at 47 different 'Yellow Post' campsites located throughout the forest.
Geography.
According to United States Geological Survey maps of the forest, it consists of two large areas or tracts: a northern and southern portion.
The west border of the forest adjoins Angeles National Forest and runs north-south about ten miles west of Interstate 15. At its widest parts, the northern portion of the forest runs about on an east–west dimension. It runs about on a north–south dimension. This portion of the forest encompasses the San Bernardino Mountains. The area extends west of Mount San Antonio and Wrightwood in San Bernardino County. The eastern portion of the forest extends about ten miles east of Big Bear City and includes the San Gorgonio Wilderness. The southernmost portion is bisected by the Riverside County line and borders the Morongo Indian Reservation north of Cabazon.
At its widest point, the southern portion is about on a north-south dimension and about on an east-west dimension. Toro Peak and the Santa Rosa Indian Reservation are near the south extent. At the north is Snow Creek Village and the Morongo Indian Reservation. Mount San Jacinto State Wilderness is carved out of the southern portion. The community of Idyllwild is surrounded by national forest lands.
While most National Forests include lumber resources, these two areas also include:
The two tallest waterfalls in Southern California, Big Falls and Bonita Falls, are located in the San Bernardino National Forest.
Wilderness areas.
There are seven official wilderness areas lying within San Bernardino National Forest that are part of the National Wilderness Preservation System. One extends into neighboring Angeles National Forest and three into land that is managed by the Bureau of Land Management (as indicated).
Esperanza Fire.
 The five-member crew (Mark Loutzenhiser, Jess McLean, Jason McKay, Daniel Hoover-Najera and Pablo Cerda) of the San Bernardino National Forest Alandale Fire Station's Engine 57 was fatally burned by a sudden, intense fire run up a steep drainage below their location during the Esperanza Fire at approximately 7:15 a.m. on October 26, 2006. All five firefighters were overrun by the fire at Twin Pines, located in the San Jacinto Mountains approximately four miles southwest of the City of Cabazon, California. The fire was located near Beaumont, California in Riverside County. Alandale station is located near the community of Idyllwild.
Firefighting aircraft operations.
As of 2001, eight Air Tactical Group Supervisors (ATGSs) work out of the Forest Supervisor's Office in San Bernardino. This position requires completion of an 80-hour CDF/Forest Service attack management course. A Helicopter Coordinator (J-374) course is recommended.
Vegetation.
There are many different species of trees, many coniferous, that grow in the mountains. Pines, such as ponderosa pine, Jeffrey pine, sugar pine, Coulter pine, lodgepole pine, single-leaf pinyon, and knobcone pine all thrive here. Other coniferous trees, such as white fir, bigcone Douglas-fir ("Pseudotsuga macrocarpa"), incense cedar, and western juniper also thrive here. Canyon live oak, California black oak, and Pacific dogwood are other trees that also grow here. The forest contains an estimated of old growth. The most common old-growth forest types are Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forests, white fir ("Abies concolor") forests, Jeffrey pine ("Pinus jeffreyi") forests, and lodgepole pine ("Pinus contorta") forests.
References.
Yellow Post Camp Site Info Dated Feb 2014 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yellow_camp_site_info_big_bear.pdf


Pseudohiatula cyatheae

Pseudohiatula cyatheae is a species of fungus in the family Physalacriaceae, and the type species of the genus "Pseudohiatula". The species was first described by mycologist Rolf Singer in 1938.


Ktenostreptus specularis

Ktenostreptus specularis, is a species of round-backed millipede in the family Harpagophoridae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.


Ophionotus victoriae

Ophionotus victoriae is a species of brittle star in the order Ophiurida. It has a circumpolar distribution around Antarctica.
Description.
"Ophionotus victoriae" is a large brittle star. It has a wide disc in diameter and 5 arms that reach in length. The colour is variable, being white, grey, brown or bluish.
Distribution and habitat.
"Ophionotus victoriae" is endemic to the seas around Antarctica where it is found at depths down to . It is sometimes abundant and may represent 60–90% numerically and 40–80% by mass of the total macrofauna of the area.
Biology.
Like other Antarctic invertebrates, "Ophionotus victoriae" has a slow growth rate and can live up to 22 years.
It is a predator and opportunistic generalist and feeds on a wide range of invertebrates, especially krill. It also scavenges, feeds on detritus and even juvenile brittle stars. It is itself preyed on by fish and also by the large brittle star, "Ophiosparte gigas", from which it flees. The females spawn in the Antarctic summer and the larvae develop slowly, forming part of the zooplankton before settling on the seabed and becoming juvenile brittle stars.


Flaveria palmeri

Flaveria palmeri is a rare Mexican plant species of yellowtops within the sunflower family. It has been found only in the States of Coahuila and Nuevo León in northeastern Mexico.
"Flaveria palmeri" grows in dry gypsum soils in the Chihuahuan Desert. It is a shrub up to tall. Leaves are long and narrow, up to long. One plant can produce numerous small yellow flower heads in loose, branching arrays. Each head contains 3-8 disc flowers plus a few ray flowers.


Lepidosperma canescens

Lepidosperma canescens (common name hoary rapier-sedge) is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae that is native to south-east South Australia and Victoria. There are no synonyms.
Description.
"Lepidosperma canescens" is a clump-forming perennial with short rhizomes. It has terete, rigid, erect, and smooth culms which are 25–100 cm by 0.8–2.0 mm. The leaf-blades are similar to the culms but usually shorter and from 0.7–2 mm in diameter. The sheaths are yellow-brown to dark grey-brown, and are sometimes a dark reddish near the apex. They are not sticky. The inflorescences are fan-shaped to oblong. They are loose, erect, and 3–8 cm by about 2 cm. The involucral bract is shorter than the inflorescence. The spikelets are 5–7 mm long. The nut is obovoid (2–3 mm by 1.0–1.3 mm), and brown, smooth, and shining.
Uses.
This sedge was used by Aborigines for weaving artefacts, and is used by the aboriginal artist, Yvonne Koolmatrie, for her weaving.


Pulaski State Park

Pulaski State Park is a 100-acre state park near the village of Chepachet in Glocester, Rhode Island. It was founded in 1939 and contains a day use facility inside the George Washington Management Area with a beach and covered picnic areas. The Civilian Conservation Corps built a road to the park when "[i]n 1940, the state acquired a lease from the federal government for what is now the Casimir Pulaski State Park and Peck Pond in what is now the Glocester-Burrillville line. "


Astiella delicatula


Thaumastoderma heideri

Thaumastoderma heideri (Greek; Thauma: a wonder, Derma: skin) belongs to the phylum Gastrotricha and the order Macrodasyida, which are worm shaped, mainly marine species of meiofauna. They live in coarser sand and like the rest of the gastrotrichs their movement is very slow. The family Thaumastodermatidae includes more than 130 species and it can be found widely across the globe.
Morphology.
"Thaumastoderma heideri" is 160-190 μm in length. The body shape looks like that of a normal Gastrotrichs (worm-like) and is characteristic by its hairy body. The head region can be recognized by a lateral constriction of the body. The head bears three tentacles on each side. Two of them are spoon shaped and the third wider than the second. The body is covered with scales. Protruding from these is pointy cirrus which occurs in the same pattern on each side.
Ecology.
The species is widely distributed in marine environments in European waters, parts of the North Atlantic, the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. It lives in shallow waters (< 400 meters) and areas with a sandy ocean bed. It is a benthic organism found in the sediments at the bottom.


Brickellia argyrolepis

Brickellia argyrolepis is a Mesoamerican species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It is native to Central America (all six Spanish-speaking countries) and to southern Mexico (Chiapas and Oaxaca).


Calandrinia corrigioloides

Calandrinia corrigioloides is an annual herb in the family Montiaceae, and is native to Western Australia, South Australia, and Victoria.
Description.
It is a succulent, prostrate herb, with pink-white flowers. It flowers from August to November and grows on sandy soils in swampy depressions, flats, and sand dunes.
The stems of the flowers (pedicels) are 0.5–2 mm long and spreading to reflexed in fruit. The bracts are leafy and alternate, the sepals are persistent and the 4 or 5 petals are white to pale-pink. There are 3 to 4 stamens and 3 stigmas 3 which are free to the base. The capsule is three valved and narrow-ovoid to elongate-cylindrical, and the seeds are black, shiny, and smooth and 0.7–1 mm in diameter.
Taxonomy.
"Calandrinia corrigioloides" was first described by Ferdinand von Mueller in 1863.


Coprinellus bisporus

Coprinellus bisporus is a species of mushroom in the family Psathyrellaceae. It was first described as "Coprinus bisporus" by mycologist Jakob Emanuel Lange in 1915, and later transferred to the genus "Coprinellus" in 2001 on the basis of phylogenetic analysis.


Wapsipinicon State Park

Wapsipinicon State Park is located south of Anamosa, Iowa, United States. The park is along the sandstone and limestone bluffs of the Wapsipinicon River, from which it derives its name. It is one of the oldest state parks in Iowa, and it was listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.
Description.
The initial for the park was donated by a local citizens group that raised around $23,000 in 1921 to buy the land in order to preserve it and to keep the timber from being logged. The park was dedicated in 1923, making Wapsipinicon one of the first state parks established in Iowa. The park has several archaeological sites where evidence of Pre-Columbian era societies lived. Two historic bridges that cross the river are also part of the park's historic nature, including the Hale Bridge, which was moved here in 2006.
The facilities in the park were developed in the 1920s and the 1930s utilizing the Rustic style of architecture. Unlike many state parks in Iowa from this era that had their facilities built by the Civilian Conservation Corps, a public work relief program during the Great Depression, Wapsipinicon's facilities were constructed by prisoners from nearby Anamosa State Penitentiary. They built the shelters, stone arch bridges and the roads. The limestone for the structures was quarried locally, and it took about five years to complete the construction. In the years following the inmates continued to maintain the park.
The park's recreational activities include camping, fishing and boating. Trails are provided for hiking, cross country skiing and snowmobiling. There are also a couple of caves to explore, including an ice cave. The park is a terminus for the Northeast State Park Bike Route, which connects it to Pikes Peak State Park and Backbone State Park by way of county highways. Hunting is allowed in season in an adjacent that was acquired in 1990. A nine-hole golf course in the park is maintained by the Wapsipinicon Country Club.


Goodenia stirlingii

Goodenia stephensonii is a species of flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae and is endemic to north-eastern Queensland. It is an erect undershrub with narrow elliptic leaves and racemes of yellow flowers.
Description.
"Goodenia stirlingii" is an erect undershrub that typically grows to a height of up to and has glabrous foliage. The leaves are sessile, narrow elliptic, long and wide, with toothed edges. The flowers are arranged in racemes up to long on a peduncle up to long with leaf-like bracts and linear bracteoles about long. The sepals are lance-shaped, long, the corolla yellow and about long. The lower lobes of the corolla are long with wings wide. Flowering mainly occurs from March to July.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Goodenia stirlingii" was first formally described in 1904 by Frederick Manson Bailey in the "Queensland Agricultural Journal" from specimens collected by Dr. James Stirling near Herberton.
Distribution.
This goodenia occurs in north-eastern Queensland.


Dwight B. Demeritt Forest

The Dwight B. Demeritt Forest is a protected area of Penobscot County, Maine owned by the University of Maine. It is located in the adjacent municipalities of Old Town and Orono, Maine. Totaling , the Forest is used for education, demonstrations, research, and recreation, including hiking and cross-country skiing. According to the New England Mountain Biking Association, 35,000 to 50,000 people visit the space each year. It contains over 15 miles of trails.
In 1939, forested land adjacent to the campus was leased by the University which was purchased by university outright in 1955. In 1971, the parcel was named for Dwight B. Demeritt, who, as head of the University's Forest Department, had helped procure the land.


Erigeron abajoensis

Erigeron abajoensis, the Abajo fleabane, is a species of "fleabane" in the daisy family. It is native to Utah in the western United States, and has been found also in neighboring parts of Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico. It grows on sunny, dry, rocky slopes generally at elevations of 2,270 to 3,400 meters (7550–11350 feet).
"Erigeron abajoensis" is a short (5 to 25 cm or 2-10 inches tall) perennial plant. The leaves are narrowly oblanceolate (i.e. with a broad-rounded apex and a tapering base), set with stiff, straight bristles and located at the base of the stem. The flower heads are sometimes produced one at a time, sometimes in groups of 3 or 4. Each head contains as many as 60 blue or pink or white ray florets and many yellow disc florets, all produced in the summer.
The species is named for the Abajo Mountains in southern Utah.


White Horse Hill National Game Preserve

White Horse Hill National Game Preserve (Dakota: , formerly known as Sullys Hill National Game Preserve) is a National Wildlife Refuge and nature center located on the shore of Devils Lake in Benson County, North Dakota, within the Spirit Lake Tribe reservation.
History.
On March 3, 1931, during the Great Depression, the United States Congress transferred the park to be managed by the Fish and Wildlife Service as a wildlife refuge, where hunting is permitted. The Spirit Lake Tribe has fishing and hunting rights here. It is one of only seven National Parks to have been disbanded. Of these seven parks, only White Horse Hill and Mackinac National Park in Michigan, now Mackinac Island State Park, are no longer under the control of the National Park Service.
Naming.
In 1904, Congress authorized a memorial park at the site, and President Theodore Roosevelt established it as Sullys Hill Park. Though not part of its official name, it would be called Sullys Hill National Park, the meaning of "national park" not yet standardized, as this site's small size and lack of a significant landmark was inconsistent with other national parks. It was first named after General Alfred Sully, son of the painter Thomas Sully who gained his reputation by carrying out several massacres of Dakota including at the Battle of Whitestone Hill. In May 2019, the Spirit Lake Tribal council requested the federal government change the name to White Horse Hill in cooperation with the governor's office and the North Dakota Department of Tourism stating, "The Spirit Lake Dakota people... believe the name chosen, White Horse Hill, comes from historical happenings that are sacred as well as unique to the Dakota people. White Horse Hill (Sunka Wakan Ska Pa Ha) reflects a positive experience to the Dakota People rather than an individual who was destructive to the Dakota people and their culture". In December 2019, the park was renamed through an act of Congress to its traditional Dakota name of White Horse Hill.
Recreation and natural resources.
 The park's 1,674 acres (6.8 km²), a mixture of mixed grass prairie, marshes and wooded hills, includes wildlife as 20-30 American bison, 25-40 elk, 20-30 white-tailed deer, and a colony of prairie dogs. An array of birds, insects, and plants have also been identified within the refuge. Open seasonally, the visitor center includes an exhibit hall of mounted North Dakota animals in prairie, wetland, forest, and agriculture habitats, education classrooms, and a book store. The center offer programs for school groups, public workshops, guided nature hikes, bird-watching walks, summer youth programs, and conservation programs throughout the year.


Benguellia lanceolata


Aspergillus chevalieri

Aspergillus chevalieri is a species of fungus in the genus "Aspergillus". It is from the "Aspergillus" section. The fungi in the "Aspergillus" section are known for their ability to grow at extremely low water activities. The species was first described in 1926. It has since been reported as an opportunistic pathogen causing skin infections.
The genome of "A. chevalieri" was sequenced as a part of the "Aspergillus" whole-genome sequencing project - a project dedicated to performing whole-genome sequencing of all members of the genus "Aspergillus". The genome assembly size was 26.41 Mbp.
Growth and morphology.
"Aspergillus chevalieri" has been cultivated on both Czapek yeast extract agar (CYA) plates and Malt Extract Agar Oxoid (MEAOX) plates. The growth morphology of the colonies can be seen in the pictures below.


Reynoutria ciliinervis

Reynoutria ciliinervis is a species of flowering plant in the family Polygonaceae, native to Korea and China – north-central China, south-central China, northeast China (Manchuria) and Qinghai. It was first described by Takenoshin Nakai in 1914 (as "Pleuropterus ciliinervis") and transferred to "Reynoutria" by Harold Norman Moldenke in 1941. It has also been placed in "Fallopia" and "Polygonum".


Catajapyx ewingi

Catajapyx ewingi is a species of forcepstail in the family Japygidae. It is found in North America.


Episcia lilacina

Episcia lilacina is a plant species in the family Gesneriaceae that is found from Central America to Colombia.


Robert Moses State Park

Robert Moses State Park - Long Island is a state park in southern Suffolk County, New York. The park lies on the western end of Fire Island, one of the central barrier islands off the southern coast of Long Island, and is known for its stretch of beaches on the Atlantic Ocean. The park is accessible from Long Island by the Robert Moses Causeway across Great South Bay.
Established as Fire Island State Park in 1908, the park is the oldest state park on Long Island. Its current name was given to honor Robert Moses, the influential mid-20th century urban planner and former president of the Long Island State Park Commission. Recently, some have suggested the park should revert to its previous name or to something that better reflects its location.
Park description.
Robert Moses State Park includes of beach, which visitors can use for swimming, surfing, or fishing. Anglers may fish from either the beach or the piers. A day use boat basin that can accommodate up to 40 boats is also available. Guests can also use the four bathhouses on the property. The park also contains four concession stands (one at each field), volleyball courts, first aid stations, picnic areas, and a playground at Field 5.
On the west end of the park is an 18-hole pitch and putt golf course. The secluded course is set among native trees and beach vegetation. It is typically open April through November and equipment rental is available.
Robert Moses State Park also facilitates access to the Fire Island National Seashore, immediately east of the park. Since there is no parking at the Seashore itself, many visitors park at Field 5 in order to walk to Lighthouse Beach, the Fire Island Lighthouse and Museum, or the nearby community of Kismet. In 2010, New York State officials estimated about 30% of the users of Field 5 park there to access Lighthouse Beach and the Lighthouse itself. Lighthouse Beach was historically a clothing optional beach; however, the National Park Service has enforced a ban on public nudity at Lighthouse Beach since 2013, citing concerns over increases in lewd behavior prior to the ban. Violators face a maximum penalty of a $5,000 fine and six months in prison.
Access and hours.
The park is accessible by automobile from the Robert Moses Causeway, which connects Fire Island with mainland Long Island. Parking is available in four separate fields. Parking fields 2, 4 and 5 have a capacity of roughly 1,000 vehicles while the capacity at Field 3 is 500. Suffolk Transit's S47 route also serves the beach seasonally connecting it with the Babylon Long Island Rail Road station on the Babylon Branch.
The park is open year-round from sunrise to sunset, although hours for activities such as swimming and golfing vary by season. Portions of the park are open 24 hours a day to fishermen with the appropriate permit.
Starting in early April, visitors are charged a fee for parking at the park. As of 2015, vehicle fees are $8 from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. on weekends from mid-April until Memorial Day, after which a $10 fee is charged from 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. on weekends and holidays, and a $10 fee is charged on weekdays from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. After Labor Day weekend, vehicle fees are once again $8 from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. on weekends only, until mid-November when fees are no longer charged.
History.
The west end of Fire Island was part of a colonial grant to William "Tangier" Smith. In 1825 the federal government acquired the westerly tip to build a lighthouse and David Sammis bought about to the east in 1855 and built the Surf Hotel.
In 1892, fears of a cholera epidemic spread by passengers on ships arriving in New York prompted the state to acquire the hotel property to establish a quarantine station. Irate local citizens obtained an injunction blocking the quarantine station and occupied the site despite the arrival of troops.
In 1908, Governor Charles Evans Hughes signed legislation designating the former Surf Hotel property as Long Island's first state park, known then as Fire Island State Park. The island and the park have grown since that time; for decades, sand has accumulated along Fire Island's western tip at a rate of per year, increasing the island's length by since 1825. At the time of the park's establishment, the island's western tip was near where the park's water tower stands today.
A 1918 fire destroyed the boardwalk and the few buildings on the site. In 1924, the state established the Long Island State Park Commission headed by Robert Moses as part of a statewide park and parkway program, also run by Moses. The commission obtained from the federal government of beach west of the lighthouse that had been formed by shifting sand. In 1926 the first bathhouse was erected.
After the hurricane of 1938 devastated the park, the commission decided to rebuild farther east near the lighthouse, and sand was pumped onto the beach to raise a portion of the island to a height of above sea level. In 1940, the first modern bathhouse opened to the public, replacing facilities destroyed by the hurricane.
Ferry service was maintained from Babylon to the park until 1964 when the Robert Moses Causeway opened. The park was renamed for Moses that same year. Attendance boomed, and three parking fields with bathhouses were added.
Robert Moses State Park celebrated its 100th anniversary on June 27, 2008. The anniversary coincided with the completion of several improvements at the park, including a $700,000 rehabilitation of the bathhouse at Field 3. The renovation improved and expanded bathroom facilities, repaired the park's cupola and clock, and replaced a glass and metal storefront added to the building in the 1980s with a new exterior consistent with the building's original architecture. The renovations were part of $132 million in improvements for New York's state parks and historic sites enacted in 2008.
In 2013, a $7.7 million dredging and beach restoration project was conducted to replenish beaches damaged during Hurricane Sandy. The project used about of sand removed during dredging of the Captree State Park boat canal to restore beaches at Robert Moses State Park.
A $1.7 million project to increase energy efficiency and install a 500-kilowatt solar photovoltaic power system at the park was announced in 2015. The planned improvements aim to make Robert Moses State Park the first energy-neutral state park in the United States.
As of 2014, the facility attracts approximately 3.5 million visitors per year.


Willard Brook State Forest

Willard Brook State Forest is a publicly owned forest with recreational features located in the towns of Ashby and Townsend, Massachusetts. The forest's fast-running brook and tree stands of a classic New England nature give it a character more in line with that of the forests found farther west in the state. It is managed by the Department of Conservation and Recreation.
History.
The forest was established through state purchase of lands in 1930. While no Civilian Conservation Corps camp was established in this state forest, CCC workers from other areas were active here at various times from 1933 to 1940, developing recreational features at Damon Pond and Trap Brook Falls.
Activities and amenities.
Forest trails are available for hiking, horseback riding, mountain biking, cross-country skiing, and snowmobiling. The Friends Trail connects with the campground at Pearl Hill State Park. The forest also offers a campground, picnicking, swimming, fishing, and restricted hunting.


Suillus lakei

Suillus lakei, commonly known as the matte Jack, Lake's bolete, or the western painted Suillus, is a species of fungus in the family Suillaceae. It is characterized by the distinctive reddish-brown tufted fibers or small scales on the cap, and the presence of a woolly veil on the stem. The caps can reach diameters of up to , while the stems are between long and usually thick. On the underside of the cap is a layer of spongy yellow to yellow-brown angular pores; these pores are covered with a whitish partial veil when young. A mycorrhizal fungus, "S. lakei" grows in association with Douglas fir, and is found where this tree occurs. It is native to northwestern North America, but has been introduced to Europe, South America, and New Zealand. The mushroom is edible, but opinions vary considerably as to its quality.
Taxonomy and naming.
American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill originally named the species "Boletinus lakei" after mycologist E.R. Lake of Oregon Agricultural college (now Oregon State University). Lake collected the type specimen from Corvallis, Oregon, in late November, 1907. Rolf Singer later transferred the species to the genera "Ixocomus" and "Boletinus" in 1940 and 1945, respectively. In their 1964 monograph on North American "Suillus" species, Alexander H. Smith and Harry Delbert Thiers transferred the species to "Suillus". Simultaneously, they described the "S. lakei" variety "pseudopictus" that they said had been misidentified by collectors as "Suillus pictus" (now called "Suillus spraguei") because of its reddish and scaly cap. Singer considered "Suillus amabilis" to be the same species as "S. lakei", but Smith and Thiers later examined the type material of both, and concluded that they were distinct species. Engel and colleagues described a variety in 1996, "S. lakei" var. "landkammeri", based on "Boletinus tridentinus" subsp. "landkammeri" described by Czech mycologists Albert Pilát and Mirko Svrček in 1949. The nomenclatural databases Index Fungorum and MycoBank consider this synonymous with "S. lakei". The mushroom is commonly known as the "western painted Suillus", the "matte Jack", or "Lake's slippery cap".
Description.
The cap of "S. lakei" is up to in diameter and initially convex, but flattens out somewhat in maturity. The cap is fleshy, dry, yellowish to reddish-brown but fades with age. It is covered with pressed-down hairs or minute tufted scales in the center, with the yellowish flesh visible between the scales. Heavy rain can wash the fibrils off the cap surface, leaving a sticky, glutinous layer behind. Older specimens may be nearly smooth in age. Remnants of the partial veil sometimes hang from the edge of the cap. The cap margin is initially curved or rolled inwards, but unrolls as it grows and in maturity may be curled upward.
The tubes that comprise the pore surface on the underside of the cap are deep; the angular pores are up to 2.5 mm wide and radially arranged. The pores range in color from yellow to brownish-yellow to ochre, and stain brownish or reddish-brown when bruised. They are covered by a partial veil in young specimens. The flesh is thick, yellow, and either unchanged in color when bruised or broken, or turns pinkish-red. The stem is long and usually thick, yellow sometimes with reddish streaks, and solid and yellow within. The species usually lacks the glandular dots on the stem that are characteristic of some "Suillus" species. The stem is either equal in width throughout its length, or tapered downwards. The tissue of the stem base may weakly stain bluish-green when cut, although this reaction is not usually apparent in mature specimens. The ring is delicate and floccose (resembling woolly tufts), and soon disappears or leaves a thin whitish ring on the stem. The spore print is cinnamon to brown in color. The variety "calabrus", found in Italy, has a light yellow cap and purple-red scales. Variety "pseudopictus" has a cap that is redder and more scaly than the more common form.
The spores are spindle-shaped to elliptical, have a smooth surface, and dimensions of 8–11 to 3–4 µm. There are both two- and four-spored basidia (spore-bearing cells), and they are club-shaped, hyaline (translucent), with dimensions of 28–36 by 10–12 µm. Cystidia are plentiful, and are found in bundles lined along the tube mouths (as cheilocystidia), or more commonly, singly along the sides of the tubes (as pleurocystidia). These structures are thin-walled, cylindrical, and measure 48–60 by 7–9 µm. The scales on the cap surface comprise more or less erect hyphae with tips that are clustered together. Clamp connections are rare in the hyphae.
Edibility.
"Suillus lakei" is edible, although opinions vary considerably as to its quality. It has been called "choice", as well as "rather coarse and tasteless" or "mediocre". Laboratory tests indicate the fruit bodies to have antimicrobial activity, and contain alkaloids and tannins.
Similar species.
Mushrooms with an appearance similar to "S. lakei" can often be distinguished by their associations with trees. For example, the eastern North American species "S. spraguei" grows in association with Eastern White Pine. The cap of "S. spraguei" has red fibrils on a yellow background. "S. cavipes" and "S. ochraceoroseus" always grow with Larch. "S. ponderosus", which grows in mixed coniferous forests, has a gelatinous veil. Smith and Thiers note that it is difficult to tell the difference between the two if "S. ponderosus" has lost its veil, since the colors of the species intergrade and cannot reliably be used to distinguish them. "S. decipiens" has a cap that is orangish to pink-orange with hairs or scales. "S. caerulescens" is a similar species in western North America; it can be distinguished by the strong blue staining that develops when the stem is injured.
Habitat and distribution.
"Suillus lakei" is indigenous to the Rocky Mountains and western parts of North America. Its range extends south into Mexico. Fruit bodies grow solitarily or in groups on the ground in young conifer stands or grassy parkland. Fruiting occurs in the late summer and autumn. "Suillus lakei" forms ectomycorrhizae with Douglas fir ("Pseudotsuga menziesii"), and its distribution coincides with this tree. It is one of the most common bolete species found in northwestern Montana and Idaho. In a study of host specificity in pure culture in the laboratory, "S. lakei" failed to form healthy ectomycorrhizas with "Eucalyptus" roots—the hyphae were covered in mucilage-like deposits and appeared to be collapsed. It has also been noted to prefer poor, exposed soil such as that found on road banks and campgrounds. It can often be found with the mushroom "Gomphidius subroseus", another species that associates with Douglas fir.
Both Douglas fir and "Suillus lakei" are non-native introduced species in Europe. The fungus has been found in several central and south European countries following the intentional introduction of Douglas fir. These include Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, and Slovakia. It is considered endangered in the Czech Republic. "Suillus lakei" has also been reported in the South Island of New Zealand, and South America (Argentina and Chile).


Acianthus sinclairii

Acianthus sinclairii, commonly known as pixie cap or heart-leaf orchid, is a flowering plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to New Zealand. It is a terrestrial herb with a single, heart-shaped leaf and up to ten translucent green flowers, usually tinged maroon.
Description.
"Acianthus sinclairii" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, sympodial herb with a single heart-shaped, glabrous, dark green leaf which often has a maroon tinge or markings. The leaf is long, one-quarter to halfway up the slender stem, which is about long at flowering but increases later.
There are up to ten flowers, long, green but with purple blotches and a dull red labellum. The dorsal sepal is broadly lance-shaped to egg-shaped and forms a hood over the column. The lateral sepals are similar in length to the dorsal sepal but have a pointed end and face forward beneath the labellum. The petals are somewhat shorter than the sepals, are lance-shaped and spread widely. The labellum is also shorter than the sepals, dished, broadly egg-shaped with the edges turned under, dull red with two rounded calli at its base. Flowering occurs between January and October.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Acianthus sinclairii" was first formally described in 1853 by Joseph Dalton Hooker and the description was published in "The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H.M. Discovery Ships Erebus and Terror in the years 1839–1843, under the Command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross". Hooker noted that this species is similar to "Acianthus fornicatus" "but differs in the lip [labellum] being less glandular". The specific epithet ("sinclairii") honours Andrew Sinclair, a Scottish botanist and friend of Hooker.
Distribution and habitat.
This orchid usually grows in shaded shrubland and forest, only rarely in sunny habitat but often near streams or moist areas. It occurs on both the North Island and South Island as well as on Stewart and Chatham Islands and on Raoul Island in the Kermadec Group.
Conservation.
"Acianthus sinclairii" is common and classified as "not threatened".


Trillium simile

Trillium simile, the jeweled wakerobin, is a spring-flowering perennial plant which is native to southern parts of the Appalachian Mountains in southeastern United States (Tennessee, Georgia, North and South Carolina). It is also known as sweet white wake-robin, sweet white trillium and confusing trillium.
"Trillium simile" prefers to grow in moist humus-rich soils in mature forests at the edges of Rhododendron thickets and at edges of the forest. It is found at elevations of 500 – 700 meters (1,640 - 2,300 feet).


Isaea elmhirsti


Newry Islands National Park

Newry Islands is a national park in North Queensland, Australia, 847 km northwest of Brisbane.


Luidia superba

Luidia superba is a tropical species of starfish in the family Luidiidae. A single specimen was found off the Pacific coast of Colombia in 1888; the species has since been found in the Galapagos Islands. It is endemic to this area and has not been recorded elsewhere.
Description.
A typical "Luidia superba" has five long, tapering arms with pointed tips. The holotype, the first specimen to be observed and described, had six arms, which was unfortunate as that led to the belief for many years that the normal number of limbs was six. As in other members of the genus, the upper surface of the disc and the arms is covered with paxillae, pillar-like spines with truncated ends. On the underside there are multiple rows of tube feet running down each arm. The colour is greenish-brown above and creamy yellow beneath, the tube feet being tipped with orange.
"Luidia superba" is probably the largest five-armed starfish in the world. The largest specimen from Tagus Cove in the Galapagos Islands had a radius, measured from the centre of the disc to the tip of the arms, of . Its other dimensions were a disc radius of , a maximum arm width of and a longest spine of . By comparison, a specimen of the ten-armed "Luidia magnifica" from Hawaii had a radius of and the nine-armed "Luidia savignyi" at was the largest known starfish at the time at which it was measured. The site at Tagus Cove is species rich because of the upwelling of the nutrient-laden, cool water Equatorial Undercurrent nearby, providing an optimum environment for growth which may encourage gigantism.
Distribution and habitat.
The holotype was collected off the coast of Colombia by researchers in the vessel "R. V. Albatross" in 1888 at a depth of . This specimen was described by A. H. Clark in 1917 and for a long time was the only known example of the species. Other specimens were later recorded during the Cortez 1, 2 and 3 cruises undertaken to research Asterozoa in these waters in 1982 and 1985.
In 1977, following reports of a similar starfish in the Galapagos Islands, several specimens were observed at night on the seabed of Tagus Cove, Isabela Island, at depths of to . During the day, the starfish bury themselves under about of sand, the only clue to their presence being a depression in the sand surface. In that location, these starfish were quite common in 1977, there being about one individual per 10 square metres (yards) of seabed.
More recently, the El Nino event of 1982–3 was particularly severe and afterwards, "Luidia superba" was no longer to be found in its previous location in Tagus Cove. Its fate in the Galapagos Islands remains unclear.
Biology.
The stomachs of the three specimens taken from Tagus Cove were examined to determine their diet. Unfortunately they were empty except for a few sea urchin spines, but like other members of its genus, "Luidia superba" is likely to be an opportunistic predator of large benthic fauna and a scavenger. Related species feed mainly on bivalve molluscs, brittle stars and sea urchins.


Centrolepis pallida

Centrolepis pallida is a species of plant of the Restionaceae family. It is found in New Zealand (North & South Islands, and in the sub-Antarctic: Auckland Islands & Campbell Island).


Correa lawrenceana var. macrocalyx

Correa lawrenceana" var. "macrocalyx is a variety of "Correa lawrenceana" and is endemic to New South Wales. It is a shrub with leathery, egg-shaped to broadly egg-shaped leaves, and cylindrical, greenish yellow flowers arranged in leaf axils or on the ends of short branchlets.
Description.
"Correa lawrenceana" var. "macrocalyx" is a shrub that typically grows to a height of and has leathery, egg-shaped to broadly egg-shaped leaves long and wide with woolly hairs on the lower surface. The flowers are borne singly or in twos or threes in leaf axils or on the ends of short branchlets on stalks long. The calyx is deeply cup-shaped, long with a slightly wavy rim, and covered with rust-coloured hairs. The corolla is cylindrical, long and greenish yellow. Flowering mostly occurs in spring.
Taxonomy.
The variety was first formally described in 1929 by William Blakely in "Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales" from specimens he collected with David Shiress at Patonga in 1923. In 1961, Paul Wilson reduced it to a variety of "C. lawrenceana".
Distribution and habitat.
This variety of "C. lawrenceana" has usually been recorded as growing on the edge of rainforest in mountainous places between the Taree-Kendall and the Illawarra regions of New South Wales.


Memory Island Provincial Park

Memory Island Provincial Park is a provincial park located on Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada. It was established by BC Parks on 23 August 1945 to protect a small island located at the southern end of Shawnigan Lake.
Name origin.
It was named as a memorial to two Victoria men - Allan Mayhew and Kenneth Scharff - who lost their lives in World War II.
Geography.
Covering only , Memory Island is the second smallest provincial park in British Columbia after Seton Portage Historic Provincial Park.


Pachyiulus hungaricus

Pachyiulus hungaricus is a species of millipede from Julidae family that can be found in Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, and all states of former Yugoslavia (except for Slovenia).


McCullough Park (Houston)

McCullough Park is a park located in the Independence Heights neighborhood of Houston, Texas, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was originally called Independence Park but was renamed by the city of Houston after its acquisition of Houston Heights in 1929.
Its NRHP nomination states: "Independence Park is the only public space remaining from the early years of Independence Heights. In 1910, the Wright Land Company set aside some eight lots in the northeast portion of the subdivision for a community park and named it Independence Park. The park provided important community space for church gatherings, school activities, and annual Juneteenth celebrations. Although parks were often part of white neighborhoods during this period, few African American communities had such dedicated space and few larger community parks were open to blacks."
Elsewhere segregation in parks "was enforced by custom first and then by local ordinance in 1922".
It was listed on the National Register in 1997 as "Independence Park".


Nymphon gracile

Nymphon gracile is a species of sea spider first described by William Elford Leach in 1863. The species highly resembles other members of the genus "Nymphon", and species identification from morphological traits alone is, therefore, a complex task.
Anatomy and general body description.
When Willian Elford Leach first found the "Nymphon gracile," he described it as an organism having a body that consisted of four feet bearing segments with the first segment being head like, with two eyes on each sides, a cylindrical rostrum inserted under the first segment, mandibles longer than the rostrum that is composed of two joints, a six jointed palpi that were inserted under the mandible, and eight feet. He also stated that the egg carrying part of the female is composed of ten joints. In general terms, the body is composed of four segments and has eight legs. Each leg is composed of eight segments (coxa, first trochanter, second trochanter, femur, tibia 1, tibia 2, tarsus, and propodium) and a claw at the end. The first segment of the body has the proboscis, palp, and chelicera coming off of it and the fourth body segment has the anus. There is a general sketch below to give a better idea of what the anatomy of the "N. gracile" looks like. It has been known to be very difficult to distinguish the different species of sea spiders but the "N. gracile" does have some characteristics that can help it be recognized a little easier. "N. gracile" tend to have a rather elongated proboscis and the smooth cylindrical body of the "N. gracile" can reach a length of about 4mm. There are signs of sexual dimorphism occurring within the species as the males have been known to typically have larger palps and chelifores. Further the proboscis of the juvenile gracile is shorter and broader than that of an adult.
Habitat.
The species inhabits the sublittoral zone and occurs amongst hydroids and sea anemones. Clusters of the species have been observed off of the coasts of France and United Kingdom. It also has been found along the European Atlantic coast from Norway to Morocco
Ecology and behavior.
Food Consumption.
The main organ for food uptake in the species is a triradially symmetric proboscis with a terminal mouth that has three movable lips. The species has laterally positioned chelifores, and dorsally positioned palps. Gland openings near the mouth are suspected to secrete saliva.  Food is processed and filtered through the midgut.  Intracellular digestion occurs by pinocytosis. The species makes use of all appendages while feeding. Species-specific behavior involves the chelae being used to macerate their prey.
Diet.
The species mainly feeds on coelenterates. The larvae are ectoparasites of hydroids. "N. gracile" have been observed eating gastropod Nucella eggs in the wild. They have also been seen feeding upon the detritus that had accumulated on their bodies, using their ovigera to pick it up and bring it to their mouth. Since this is their diet, their main source of energy is from lipids and carbohydrate sugars.
Swimming.
The organisms swimming patterns are a hybrid of free-floating and periodic-swimming plankton. The organism appears to prefer free-floating as to reserve energy and only utilizes its ability to swim when necessary for survival. When they do swim it is referred to as a leg-beat cycle or a power stroke. A researcher by the name of Elfed Morgan wanted to know more about these two mechanisms, so he did a study where he collected a handful of "N. gracile" from Mumbles Point on the Gower peninsula and observed their swimming behavior. He found that there are four pairs of locomotor appendages that are symmetrically arranged around the body. During the leg-beat cycle the legs of the "N. gracile" beat vertically which causes them to swim with their dorsal side foremost. During the power stroke, the joints between the major segments of the leg are extended for most of the stroke, and there is a recovery stroke after. He concluded his finding by stating how each species of the "Nymphon" has varied swimming abilities due to having varied lengths of the tibial bristles.
Migration.
"N. gracile" migrate away from the shore to the sublittoral zone during the winter and return to the shore during the following spring. They found evidence of this seasonal off-shore migration in Louis Frage article about them that was published in 1932. Not only did people find out that they migrated, but they found evidence that this migration also plays a role in their life cycle. Before the migration, they are about the age of a young adult, and when they leave for the sublittoral zone, their fertilization occurs. They then return in the following spring when they are sexually mature or ovigerous. These findings were founded by King and Jarvis in 1970. The only issue is that migration takes a lot of energy. Since "N. gracile" are weak swimmers and have to move large distances, they depend on tidal or off-shore currents for their transportation up and down the shore. A study done by Elfed Morgan on the cost of migration found that their fuels reserves are just enough for them to successfully take advantage of the better tides because swimming off shore is very energetically expensive for the species. They do not swim for long periods of time. On average, they only spend about 30% of their time swimming normally. So if they had to swim off shore themselves, then they would only last for 15 days before they start resorting to tissue metabolism. This is not including the extra energy expenditure for other factors.
Reproduction.
Eggs develop from August to February and are carried on the ovigerous legs of the male "Nymphon gracile". The Vitellogenesis process of the eggs has the yolk synthesized intra-oöcytecally with a small oöcytic contribution. This process is similar to that seen in annelids and Limulus polyphemus. Males become covered in algae or other biota while carrying eggs.
Genome.
"Nymphon gracile" has a circular DNA mitochondrial genome 14,681 bp in length. Compared to other Arthropoda, "Nymphon gracile" differ in about 10 translocated tRNA genes, 5 tRNA genes, and an inversion of a segment covering 3 coding proteins of the mitochondrial genome sequence. This differentiation between these organisms and these gene rearrangements are happening after the subtaxa of Pycnogonida. Genome sequencing is being used as a phylogenetic marker to see where organisms share evolutionary relationships.


White Memorial Foundation

The White Memorial Foundation is an organization dedicated to environmental conservation located in Litchfield, Connecticut. The Foundation owns approximately 4,000 acres of wetlands and uplands, including recreational trails, two camping areas, and a conservation center dedicated to education, research, conservation, and recreation.
History.
The White Memorial Foundation was founded by Alain and May White in 1913, who wished to preserve the areas around Bantam Lake from land development.
Facilities.
The White Memorial Foundation supports a museum, the White Memorial Conservation Center, which explains the natural history and habitats found on the property. The Conservation Center often holds educational programs for both adults and children.
Two camping areas are located on White Memorial property, one at Point Folly on Bantam Lake, and a second on Windmill Hill near the Conservation Center.
There are approximately 35 miles of trail on the property, which can be used for walking, running, biking, horseback riding, and cross-country-skiing. There is also a mile-long boardwalk through the marsh around Little Pond.
With large areas of the property abutting Bantam Lake and the Bantam River, kayaking, canoeing, and fishing are popular activities.
Research and Conservation.
The White Memorial Foundation owns large areas of wetland and lakefront to prevent overdevelopment and subsequent loss of biodiversity. These large tracts of wetland juxtaposed with nearby uplands create a unique mosaic of habitats that are home to a variety of different plants and animals. 238 species of birds, 50 species of mammals, 35 species of reptiles and amphibians, and 29 species of fish have been recorded on the property.
Land Gifts.
Since 1913, the White Memorial Foundation has donated land and money to the State of Connecticut for conservation purposes, including two of the first 15 Connecticut State Parks. Specific land gifts include:


Acacia intricata

Acacia intricata is a shrub belonging to the genus "Acacia" and the subgenus "Phyllodineae" that is endemic to south western Australia.
Description.
The dense, compact, intricate and prickly shrub typically grows to a height of and form prostrate mounds. The erect short, straight and rigid branchlets are slightly soiny with caducous stipules and yellow ribs. The thick, rigid, green and pungent phyllodes have an ovate to widely ovate shape with a length of and a width of . It produces yellow flowers from July to September. The rudimentary inflorescences occur on binate racemes that have an axes of less than in length. The showy spherical flower-heads contain 7 to 13 bight-yellow to golden flowers. The brown seed pods that form after flowering are curved or have a single coil with a length of around and a width of . The mottled seeds within the pods are in length and have a white aril.
Taxonomy.
The species was first formally described by the botanist Spencer Le Marchant Moore in 1920 as part of the work "A contribution to the Flora of Australia" as published in the "Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany". It was reclassified as "Racosperma intricatum" by Leslie Pedley in 2003 then transferred back to the genus "Acacia" in 2006.
Distribution.
It is native to an area in the Wheatbelt and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia that is found on stony ridges, lateritic rises and undulating plain growing in sandy-clay-loam soils. The bulk of the population is found between Bencubbin in the north to around Lake Grace and Lake King as a part of mallee shrubland or open woodland communities.


Hosta sieboldiana

Hosta sieboldiana, Siebold's plantain lily, is a species of hosta native to Japan. A putative variety, "Hosta sieboldiana" var. "elegans", (called the giant blue hosta) has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit, as has a putative variety of its synonym; "Hosta fortunei" var. "aureomarginata", the gold-edged plantain lily. The cultivars 'Blue Angel', 'Blue Mammoth', and 'Olive Bailey Langdon' have also gained the RHS Award of Garden Merit.
Varieties.
Two varieties are accepted:


Duniway Park

Duniway Park is a public park in southwest Portland, Oregon. The space was acquired in 1918.


Coeloria elegans

Coeloria elegans is a species of uncertain validity (taxon inquirendum) of stony corals (Scleractinia). It was first described by Hermann Rehberg in 1891, from a specimen found in Rockhampton, Queensland.


Quercus litoralis

Quercus litoralis is a species of tree in the family Fagaceae. It is found in China.


Lowell-Dracut-Tyngsboro State Forest

Lowell-Dracut-Tyngsboro State Forest is a publicly owned forest with recreational features measuring that overlap the City of Lowell, and the towns of Dracut and Tyngsborough, Massachusetts. The forest, which includes some of ponds, swamps and wetlands, is maintained by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation.
History.
The area that makes up the state forest originally belonged to the Mohawk, Huron, and Wowenocks Native Americans. It was later colonized by western settlers before becoming the Pawtucket Falls Indian Reservation. In 1941, Thomas Varnum sold several hundred acres of Hawk Valley Farm to the state for the creation of Lowell-Dracut State Forest.
Activities and amenities.
The forest offers fishing and restricted hunting in addition to six miles of trails used for hiking, mountains biking, horseback riding, cross-country skiing, and snowmobiling. Motorized vehicles are restricted to seasonal snowmobiles. Park access points are found at Trotting Park Road, Gumpus Road, Totman Road, Fellows Lane, and Althea Avenue.


Buddleja tibetica

Buddleja tibetica was a species sunk as "Buddleja crispa" by Leeuwenberg in 1979, and treated as such in the subsequent "Flora of China"; however, the plant remains widely known by its former epithet in horticulture.
The xerophytic shrub was discovered and collected in 1904 in the Llalung Valley (altitude 3,300  m), Tibet, by Captain Herbert Walton I. M. S., Medical Officer and Naturalist to the Tibet Frontier Commission, whilst travelling from Sikkim to Lhasa on the British expedition to Tibet. The shrub was introduced to the UK by Lord Wigram, who received it from the Lloyd Botanic Garden in Darjeeling as "Buddleja hastata" in 1931.
Description.
"Buddleja tibetica" is a deciduous shrub of very sparse habit, growing to < 3 m high, more in diameter. The flowers appear before the leaves at the nodes of the previous year's growth, during March in the UK. The faintly scented flowers form compact sessile or subsessile clusters, initially dark purple, they rapidly turn pale on opening, ultimately becoming white. The distinctive leaves are < 10 cm long, and broadly lanceolate, though there is considerable variation in both size and shape; the upper surface covered with a tomentum which persists for several months, bestowing a greyish-white bloom.
Cultivation.
Lord Wigram grew his plant in his moat garden at Windsor Castle, and it is from this plant that all the other known specimens in the UK were derived. Still very rare in cultivation, the shrub was propagated in 2007 by Peter Moore of the Longstock Park Nursery, NCCPG National Collection holders, near Stockbridge in Hampshire. The seed is infertile, and cuttings are difficult to strike; hardwood cuttings can occasionally be rooted in 100% perlite, and softwood cuttings can be struck in June under mist.
Hardiness: USDA zones 8–9.
Notable plants.
The oldest and largest specimen in cultivation is to be found in one of the outer gardens of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Grown from a cutting from the specimen at Crathes Castle in 1942, its longevity has been attributed to the comparatively dry climate of Edinburgh (average rainfall 676 mm per annum, compared with 1650 mm for Scotland as a whole) , and location against a wall.


Helianthus exilis

Helianthus exilis is a species of sunflower known by the common name serpentine sunflower. It is endemic to northern California (from Siskiyou County south to Napa County and Nevada County), where it grows mainly in mountainous areas, often in serpentine soils.
"Helianthus exilis" is an erect annual reaching heights over a meter (40 inches)). It has a hairy, rough stem with leaves lance- or oval-shaped, usually pointed, sometimes serrated along the edges, and 3 to 15 centimeters (1.2-6.0 inches) long. The inflorescence holds one or more flower heads, and each plant may have many inflorescences growing along the full length of the stem. The flower head has a cup of long, pointed phyllaries holding an array of bright yellow ray florets each one to two centimeters (0.4-0.8 inches) long around a center of yellow to dark purple or reddish disc florets. The achene is 3 to 5 millimeters (0.12-0.20 inches) long.


Bergen Park

Bergen Park is a park near Evergreen, Colorado. It is on the National Register of Historic Places.
Bergen Park was established in 1859 when pioneer settler Thomas Cunningham Bergen built a log cabin on his land and named his property.


Lasiopetalum rufum

Lasiopetalum rufum is a shrub found in mostly in the Sydney region in Australia. It grows to 1.5 metres tall in sandy heath near the coast and adjacent plateaus and lower ranges. Leaves are 4 to 6 cm long and very narrow.


Madhuca sessilis

Madhuca sessilis is a tree in the family Sapotaceae. The specific epithet "sessilis" means "without stalk", referring to the leaves.
Description.
"Madhuca sessilis" grows up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is greyish brown. Inflorescences bear two to three flowers. The fruits are purplish-green, round, up to in diameter.
Distribution and habitat.
"Madhuca sessilis" is native to Sumatra, Singapore and Borneo. Its habitat is mixed dipterocarp forest.


Annona diversifolia


Kaniksu National Forest

The Kaniksu National Forest (pronounced "Kuh-NICK-su") is a U.S. National Forest located in northeastern Washington, the Idaho Panhandle, and northwestern Montana. It is one of three forests that are aggregated into the Idaho Panhandle National Forests, along with the Coeur d'Alene National Forest and St. Joe National Forest. Kaniksu National Forest has a total area of . About 55.7% is in Idaho, 27.9% in Montana, and 16.4% in Washington.
The name "Kaniksu" is from a Kalispel Indian word which means "black robe." It was used to refer to the Jesuit missionaries who brought their faith to North Idaho and Eastern Washington.
History.
Kaniksu National Forest was established on July 1, 1908 from a portion of Priest River National Forest. On September 30, 1933 a portion of Pend Oreille National Forest was added, and on July 1, 1954 part of Cabinet National Forest was added. Kaniksu was administratively combined with Coeur d'Alene and St. Joe National Forests on July 1, 1973.
The forest headquarters are located in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. There are local ranger district offices located in Bonners Ferry, Priest Lake, and Sandpoint (all in Idaho).
A portion of the Salmo-Priest Wilderness lies within Kaniksu National Forest; however, most of it lies within neighboring Colville National Forest, to the west. Also, a portion (47%) of the Cabinet Mountains Wilderness lies within Kaniksu, with most of it (53%) lying within Kootenai National Forest to its north.
Counties.
In descending order of land area


Genoplesium woollsii

Genoplesium woollsii, commonly known as the dark midge-orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to New South Wales. It has a single thin, wiry leaf and in autumn has up to thirty five drooping, dark purple flowers on a flowering stem which is fused to the lower part of the leaf.
Description.
"Genoplesium woollsii" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, sympodial herb with a single cylindrical, glabrous leaf fused to the flowering stem. The leaf is long and the free part is long and ends below the flowers. Between five and thirty five dark purple flowers with darker streaks are arranged on a flowering stem tall. The flowers droop forwards, and are about long, wide. As with others in the genus the flowers are inverted so that the labellum is above the column rather than below it. The dorsal sepal is egg-shaped, long, wide, sharply pointed and with short hairs on the edges. The lateral sepals are linear to lance-shaped, long, wide and diverge from each other. The petals are egg-shaped, long, about wide with a pointed tip and short hairs on the edges. The labellum is egg-shaped, long, wide with densely hairy edges and a sharply pointed tip. There is a callus in the centre of the labellum and along about three-quarters of its length. Flowering usually occurs between February and April.
Taxonomy and naming.
The dark midge orchid was first formally described in 1865 by Ferdinand von Mueller who gave it the name "Prasophyllum woollsii" and published the description in "Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae"". In 1989, David Jones and Mark Clements changed the name to "Genoplesium woollsii".
Distribution and habitat.
The dark midge-orchid grows in heath, forest and moss gardens mainly between the Blue Mountains and Batemans Bay.


Penicillium capsulatum

Penicillium capsulatum is an anamorph fungus species of the genus of "Penicillium" which was isolated from Panama.


Goniodiscaster vallei

Goniodiscaster vallei is a species of sea stars in the family Oreasteridae.


Aechmea gamosepala

Aechmea gamosepala is a bromeliad endemic to southern Brazil. It is often cultivated as an ornamental plant. This plant is cited in Flora Brasiliensis by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius
The following varieties are recognized :


Ranunculus allenii

Ranunculus allenii, commonly known as Allen's buttercup, is a flowering plant in the crowfoot or buttercup family, Ranunculaceae. Generally found in wetlands in northern latitudes, it bears yellow flowers in summer, which are pollinated by insects.
Taxonomy.
"Ranunculus allenii" was first described by American botanist Benjamin Lincoln Robinson in 1905, who noted collections in Quebec and Labrador, the first being by one John Alpheus Allen on 23 July 1881 on Mount Albert in the Gaspé Peninsula. Previously it had been treated as "R. affinis" or "R. pedatifidis", or a larger form of "R. pygmaeus". Robinson named the species in honour of its first collector.
Description.
"Ranunculus allenii" grows to about in length, and is a perennial herb that is caespitose (grows in dense clumps). The roots are filiform (very thin in diameter), approximately 0.2 to 0.8 mm thick. "Ranunculus allenii" grows from a caudex (a thick short stem at ground level), with trichomes that either lay flat or spread out. Its basal leaves are mostly reniform (kidney shaped) and marcescent, while the cauline leaves (leaves of the stem) are linear and are positioned alternately. The petioles connecting the leaf blade to the stem are about 50 to 80 mm long. Leaf blades are flat, about 14 to 21 mm in length and 17 to 28 mm in width, and have a smooth surface on top but are pubescent beneath. The leaf veins are palmate, meaning several veins arise from a single point near the petiole attachment.
The flowers can be either solitary or in an inflorescence of 2 to 4 medium-sized flowers. Each flower has 5 sepals that are about 2 to 3 mm long and 4 to 6 mm wide, the calyx is covered with small, white or translucent hairs, and has 5 yellow, obovate, petals that are about 4 to 5 mm long and 2 to 4 mm wide. Each flower has about 20–30 stamens with filaments that are smooth. Further, it has ovate nectaries, a hairy receptacle that is 3 to 5 mm long, about 60 to 80 apocarpous (free) carpels. There is only one ovule and stigma per ovary, the styles are straight, and the fruit stalk, 4 to 7 mm long, is dry.
Distribution and habitat.
Allen's buttercup lives in North America, primarily in low-arctic areas. Its distribution in Canada is limited to Labrador, Nunavut, Quebec and the Arctic Archipelago. Unfortunately, its range is decreasing at this time.
"Ranunculus allenii" is a perennial plant that grows mainly in wet environments, for example, wet meadows, marshes, and streams. However, it occasionally inhabits gravelly and sandy sites with little organic soil.
Importance to humans.
There is little-to-no information on human use of Allen's buttercup, perhaps because it is poisonous and may cause skin irritations, as is characteristic of several other members of the genus "Ranunculus". Other members of the Ranunculaceae are also known to cause chemical burns by acting as DNA polymerase inhibitors.
Aside from these potentially harmful effects, this plant may have been used as a traditional medicine. Aboriginal peoples of British Columbia used buttercup leaves and juice for treating for boils, skin sores, muscular pain, colds and respiratory ailments. The leaves and juice of Bulbous buttercup, which is also a member of the Ranunculaceae, have similarly been used for medical purposes and the root is edible after it is boiled.
Importance to ecosystem (family Ranunculaceae).
Due to the structure of the buttercup flowers, they are often pollinated by insects. Their petals have lines that direct insect pollinators to the nectar, while directing them across the sticky pollen grains The time of year that they bloom also plays a role in which insects will pollinate them; other members of the Ranunculaceae flower in mid-July. The Ranunculaceae also reproduce by agamospermy, the production of seeds asexually, which ensures that these plants can quickly fill habitats if a single parent plant colonizes.
Conservation.
"Ranunculus allenii" is listed on the Natureserve Global Conservation Status as G3 or "vulnerable". This means it is at moderate risk of extinction owing to its restricted range, relatively few populations (<80), recent and widespread declines, or other factors. Allen's Buttercup is also listed as a candidate by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC).
This plant grows primarily in a protected area. Allen's Buttercup is in the GAP 1 and GAP 2 categories of lands, which means that lands are explicitly protected for biodiversity, which will be beneficial for future survival of this plant.
Other information.
Chromosome information: 2n = 32. Polyploidy levels have been recorded at 2N–12N.


Ficus bernaysii

A tree in the Moraceae family, Ficus bernaysii is found from New Guinea to the Solomon Islands, growing in lowland rainforest. It is dioecious, and grows cauliflorous fruit. It is fed on by a wide range of animals.
Taxonomy.
This species is in the section "Sycocarpus" of the dioecious fig subgenus "Sycomorus".
The species was described by the Scottish botanist George King (1840-1909), who worked in India from 1866 to 1898.
He was important in the cultivation of "Cinchona" and in distributing quinine. The formal description of "F. bernaysii" is held to be in the periodical "Journal of The Asiatic Society of Bengal (Part 2: Natural History)" in 1887. In his 1886/7 publication "On Some New Species of Ficus from New Guinea", he states that the species is named after Mr. L. Bernays, of Brisbane, "whose efforts for the exploration of New Guinea, and for the development of his own colony of Queensland are so well-known." See Lewis Adolphus Bernays (1831-1908), public servant, for comparison.
Description.
This fig is a tree growing up to 15m tall. The leaves range from (sub)distichous to supopposite. The white to brown stipules are 0.5 to 2 cm long. The tree has abundant cauliflorous fruit growing the length of the trunk.
Distribution.
The species is native to the north of the Australian continent and in adjacent islands in the Southwest Pacific. It occurs in the following countries and regions: Indonesia (West Papua; Papua Niugini (Eastern New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago; and the Solomon Islands.
Habitat and ecology.
The tree often occurs in secondary regrowth patches in high densities, but also occurs in primary forest.
In the primary and old secondary forest amongst the lowland rainforest near Baitabag, Ohu and Mis villages, Madang Province, PNG., the most frequent trees were "Macaranga novoguineensis", "Pimelodendron amboinicum", "Ficus bernaysii", "Ficus phaeosyce" and "Ficus wassa".
The taxa is a source of food for "Dobsonia minor" (lesser bare-backed fruit bat) and is parasitized by the wasps "Apocrypta meromassa" Ulenberg 1985, and "Ceratosolenm hooglandi"
"Ficus" species have a specialised pollination system involving wasps of the Agaonidae family. In the Madang province of PNG the main pollinator is the "Ceratosolen hooglandii" wasp.
This species of wasp also pollinates "Ficus hahliana". Two other "Ceratosolen" species were observed pollinating "F. bernaysii", though both species tended to concentrate other separate species of "Ficus", "Ceratosolen dentifer" (who preferred "Ficus hispida" and "Ceratosolen" sp. ex "Ficus morobensis" (which mainly pollinated "Ficus morobensis"). The concentration by wasp pollinators on separate species might explain the high rates of speciation in the closely related sections, subgenera and genus of "Ficus".
In the Madang area, the tree is a hotspot for the fruit bat "Syconycteris australis" (common blossom bat) which tends to feed on the fruit of this tree and those of "Piper aduncum".
The caterpillars of the generalist moth "Homona mermerodes" feed on the leaves of "F. bernaysii", though they favour many other taxa.
The moths "Talanga sexpunctalis" complex and "Glyphodes margaritaria" feed on the tree among other "Ficus" species, these are both parasitised by the wasp "Colastomion masalaii", which frequents "F. bernaysii".
A range of Chrysomelid beetles, from generalist to specialist to rare feeders, are associated with the plant.
Various guilds of herbivourous insects have been observed eating this taxa, including adult leaf-chewers, fruit-chewers, larval leaf-chewers, leaf-miners, phloem-suckers and xylem-suckers.


Island Bay National Wildlife Refuge

The Island Bay National Wildlife Refuge is part of the United States National Wildlife Refuge System, located in the Cape Haze area of Charlotte County. The refuge was established on October 23, 1908.
The Island Bay Wilderness (which was established on October 23, 1970) covers the same area as the refuge.


Brachyiulus klisurensis

Brachyiulus klisurensis is a species of millipede in the genus Brachyiulus. It was described by Karl Wilhelm Verhoeff in 1903.


Acodontaster conspicuus

Acodontaster conspicuus is a species of starfish in the family Odontasteridae. It is found in the Southern Ocean, in the waters off Antarctica and the island groups nearby.
Description.
"Acodontaster conspicuus" grows to about 30 cm (12 in) in diameter. It has 5 arms and the body has a cushion-like appearance, being thick except around the margins where there is a thin flat area. The upper surface has radially arranged granulations. The colour varies but is usually orange or brown.
Distribution.
"Acodontaster conspicuus" is found in the cold seas around Antarctica, including the Antarctic Peninsula and South Georgia, at depths down to 750 metres.
Ecology.
"Acodontaster conspicuus" feeds on sponges, including the fast-growing species "Mycale acerata", which might dominate the Antarctic marine ecosystem if not kept under control. "Acodontaster conspicuus" is itself eaten by the proboscis worm, "Parborlasia corrugata", and by the much smaller starfish, "Odontaster validus", which hunt in packs.


Echinacea paradoxa

Echinacea paradoxa, the yellow coneflower or Bush's purple coneflower, is a North American species of flowering plant in the sunflower family. It is native to southern Missouri, Arkansas, and south-central Oklahoma, with one isolated population reported from Montgomery County in eastern Texas. It is listed as threatened in Arkansas.
"Echinacea paradoxa" is a perennial herb up to 90 cm (3 feet) tall. One plant can produce several flower heads, each with white, pink, or yellow ray florets and pink or yellow disc florets.
"Echinacea paradoxa" var. "paradoxa" has a baseline chromosome number of x = 11, like most "Echinacea" plants.


Flaveria ramosissima

Flaveria ramosissima is a rare Mexican plant species of yellowtops within the sunflower family. It has been found only in the States of Puebla and Oaxaca in central Mexico.
"Flaveria ramosissima" is an annual herb up to tall. Leaves are narrow, up to long. One plant can produce numerous small flower heads in loose, branching arrays. Each head contains 5-10 disc flowers and sometimes one ray flower.


Corunastylis trifida

Corunastylis trifida, commonly known as the blackish midge orchid, is a small terrestrial orchid endemic to New South Wales. It has a single thin leaf fused to the flowering stem and up to twenty five dark purplish-black and green flowers. It grows in heath in scattered places in the Sydney basin.
Description.
"Corunastylis trifida" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single thin leaf long and fused to the flowering stem with the free part long. Between five and twenty five dark purplish-black and green flowers are arranged along a flowering stem long. The flowers lean downwards slightly and are long and wide. As with others in the genus, the flowers are inverted so that the labellum is above the column rather than below it. The dorsal sepal is long and about wide with hairless edges and darker coloured bands. The lateral sepals are about long and about wide, with a humped base and a sharply pointed tip. The petals are about long and about wide with hairless edges and a sharply pointed tip. The labellum is egg-shaped, about long and wide, thick and fleshy. There is a broad, tapering callus in the centre of the labellum and extending nearly to its tip. Flowering occurs from January to April.
Taxonomy and naming.
The blackish midge orchid was first formally described in 1941 by Herman Rupp who gave it the name "Prasophyllum trifidum" and published the description in "The Victorian Naturalist". The specimen was collected near Castlecrag. In 2004, David Jones and Mark Clements changed the name to "Corunastylis trifida". The specific epithet ("trifida") is a Latin word meaning "three-cleft", referring to the shape of the column.
The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families retains the name "Prasophyllum trifidum" for "C. trifida".
Distribution and habitat.
"Corunastylis trifida" grows in heath or heathy forest between Kurri Kurri and Middle Harbour.


Podocarpus nakaii

Podocarpus nakaii is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is endemic to Taiwan, where it grows in mountain forests. Ponesterone, which is similar to insect's moulting hormone ecdysone, is obtained from this plant. It was the first ecdysone isolated by Nkanishi et al.


Rhizopogon villosulus

Rhizopogon villosulus is an ectomycorrhizal fungus used as a soil inoculant in agriculture and horticulture. It was first described scientifically by mycologist Sanford Myron Zeller in 1941.


Acacia froggattii

Acacia froggattii is a shrub of the genus "Acacia" and the subgenus "Plurinerves" that is endemic to an area in north western Australia
Description.
The dense viscid shrub typically grows to a height of and has terete and hairy branchlets with persistent acicular shaped stipules with a length of . Like most species of "Acacia" it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The evergreen phyllodes are crowded and ascending with an inequilaterally wedge shape to obovate or elliptic with a length of and a width of . The leathery and hairy phyllodes have three obscure nerves. It blooms from July to November and produces yellow flowers.
Taxonomy.
The species was first formally described by the botanist Joseph Maiden in 1920 as part of the work "Notes on Acacias, No. IV, with descriptions of new species" as published in the "Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales". It was reclassified as "Racosperma froggattii" in 1987 by Leslie Pedley then transferred back to genus "Acacia" in 2001.
Distribution.
It is native to an area in the Northern Territory and the Kimberley region of Western Australia where it is commonly situated on hillsides and among rocky outcrops growing in gravelly skeletal soils in and around areas of quartzite and sandstone. The range of the shrub extends over the rugged hills of the Isdell Range, Artesian Range and Phillips Ranges in Western Australia and the Fitzroy Range of the Northern Territory as a part of shrubland and open woodland communities.


Cortinarius ponderosus

Cortinarius ponderosus, also known as the Ponderous Cortinarius, is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus "Cortinarius". It is very large and due to its thick stem it can be mistaken for "Boletus edulis".
Description.
This mushroom is one of the largest mushrooms in the genus "Cortinarius", with a convex cap that ranges from 8 to 38 cm across and becomes plane in age. It often has an olive metallic tinge, and the surface is viscid, often with small rusty brown scales. The margin is ocher and remains inrolled until the mushroom is fully mature. The flesh of the mushroom is white, thick and firm. The gills are rusty brown, adnate and slightly decurrent. The stalk is thick and bulbous at the base. It has a slimy yellow universal veil, and the cortina leaves a rusty brown hairy area on the upper stalk.


Juncus orthophyllus

Juncus orthophyllus is a species of rush known by the common name straightleaf rush native to western North America from British Columbia to California and Nevada, where it grows in moist spots in mountain habitat, such as meadows.
Description.
This is a perennial herb producing stems up to about tall from a tough, creeping rhizome. There are several flattened leaves around the stem bases, and sometimes one or more smaller leaves on the stem. The inflorescence is an open array of several clusters of up to 10 flowers each. The flower has rough-textured green segments with brown edges and bristles at the tips.


Bolusanthus

Bolusanthus speciosus is a species of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. It is the only member of the genus "Bolusanthus" .


Carex multicostata

Carex multicostata is a species of sedge known by the common name manyrib sedge.
Distribution.
This sedge is native to the western United States from California to Montana, where it grows mainly in dry areas in mountain ranges, such as the Sierra Nevada and Transverse Ranges.
Description.
"Carex multicostata" produces a dense clump of stems up to about a meter in maximum height. The inflorescence is roughly triangular in shape and brown or gold in color, a dense cluster of overlapping spikes. The female flower has a covering bract which is reddish with white edges.


Gentianella concinna

Gentianella concinna is a flowering plant species, endemic to the Auckland Islands of New Zealand.
Description.
It is an annual plant with much-branched stems up to long. The leaves are fleshy and leathery, oblong-spatheolate to linear-oblong in shape, gradually narrowing into broad, flat petioles. The basal leaves are about by wide; the cauline leaves are smaller. The flowers are borne singly in the axils of the upper leaves. The corollas are red, or white streaked with red or purple, and are about long. The calyces are about one third the length of the corollas.
Taxonomy.
It was first described in 1844 by Joseph Dalton Hooker as "Gentiana concinna". Its currently accepted name is "Gentianella concinna", having been assigned to the genus "Gentianella" by the authors, Ho and Liu in 1993.
Conservation status.
In both 2009 and 2012 it was deemed to be "At Risk - Naturally Uncommon" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, and this classification was reaffirmed in 2018, due to the species being an island endemic and having a restricted range.


Palaquium lisophyllum

Palaquium lisophyllum is a tree in the family Sapotaceae. The specific epithet "lisophyllum" means "smooth leaves".
Description.
"Palaquium lisophyllum" grows up to tall. The twigs are brownish. Inflorescences bear up to four flowers.
Distribution and habitat.
"Palaquium lisophyllum" is endemic to Borneo. Its habitat is mixed dipterocarp forests.


Eucalyptus brockwayi

Eucalyptus brockwayi, commonly known as Dundas mahogany, is a tree that is endemic to Western Australia. It has smooth, shiny bark on the trunk and branches, glossy green, linear to narrow lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds arranged in groups of between eleven and fifteen, white flowers and spherical fruit with a narrow neck.
Description.
"Eucalyptus brockwayi" is a tree that typically grows to a height of but does not form a lignotuber. It has smooth, shiny light grey, pinkish and creamy white bark on its trunk and branches. Young plants and coppice regrowth have dull green, sessile, elliptic leaves, long and wide. The adult leaves are very glossy green, linear to narrow lance-shaped, long and wide on a petiole long. The flower buds are arranged in groups of eleven, thirteen or fifteen on a flattened peduncle long, the individual buds on a pedicel long. The mature buds are cylindrical to oval with a swollen base, long and wide with a blunt conical to rounded operculum. Flowering occurs from March to June and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, spherical capsule, long and wide with an urn-shaped base, the three valves enclosed within the rim.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Eucalyptus brockwayi" was first formally described in 1943 by Charles Gardner and the description was published in "Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia". The specific epithet ("brockwayi") honours George Ernest Emerson Brockway, for his contribution to "knowledge of the genus "Eucalyptus"" in eastern parts of Western Australia.
Distribution and habitat.
Dundas mahogany is found in small stands on low, rocky hills and slopes in woodland and forest in the Norseman and Dundas areas.
Conservation.
"Eucalyptus brockwayi" is classified as "Priority Three" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife meaning that it is poorly known and known from only a few locations but is not under imminent threat.


Pyrenophora teres f. teres

Pyrenophora teres" f. "teres is a plant pathogen.


Acacia ruppii

Acacia ruppii, commonly known as Rupp's wattle, is a shrub belonging to the genus "Acacia" and the subgenus "Phyllodineae" native to eastern Australia. It is listed as endangered in the "Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999".
Description.
The shrub typically grows to a height of and has an open bushy habit. It has shortly villous branchlets with crowded green phyllodes that have a linear to narrowly oblanceolate or narrowly elliptic shape and can be straight to incurved. The phyllodes are flat with a length of and a width of and have a prominent midrib. It blooms between July and September producing inflorescences with one to seven heads per raceme with simple ones scattered throughout. The spherical flower-heads have a diameter of and contain between 25 and 50 golden coloured flowers. Following flowering coriaceous, dark brown to blackish seed pods form that have a linear shape but can be curved to various degrees. The glabrous or shortly villous pods have a length of up to and a width of . The shiny black seeds inside are arranged longitudinally and have an oblong-elliptic shape with a length of with a clavate aril.
Distribution.
It is endemic to a large area where it has a scattered distribution extending from the south east of Queensland in the north around Wyberba down to around Torrington in New South Wales in the south where it is found on elevated tablelands growing in sandy granite based soils often as a part of open scrub or woodland communities. It is also found in the Coaldale to Grafton areas on hills at lower elevations on sandstone based soils.


Calothamnus pinifolius

Calothamnus pinifolius, commonly known as dense clawflower, is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with dense foliage and clusters of red flowers, partly immersed in the prickly foliage, between July and January.
Description.
"Calothamnus pinifolius" is an erect shrub that grows to high with a few long shoots and branches and a short shoot emerging from above the leaves of every long one. Its leaves are about long, crowded, thin and prickly.
The flowers are in dense clusters, usually partly hidden by the foliage and have 4 sepals, 4 petals and 4 claw-like bundles of stamens about long. Flowering occurs between July and January. Flowering is followed by fruits which are woody capsules which have two prominent, curved lobes.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Calothamnus pinifolius" was first formally described in 1863 by Victorian Government botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in the third volume of "Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae". (In 2014 Lyndley Craven, Edwards and Cowley proposed that the species be renamed "Melaleuca peucophylla".) The specific epithet ("pinifolius") is from the Latin words "pinus" meaning "pine" and "folium" meaning "leaf".
Distribution and habitat.
"Calothamnus pinifolius" occurs in the Mount Barren Range in the Esperance Plains biogeographic region. It grows on slopes in dense scrub in rocky soils derived from laterite and quartzite.


Mimbilisan Protected Landscape

The Mimbilisan Protected Landscape is a protected landscape area located in the province of Misamis Oriental in Northern Mindanao in the Philippines. It was established in 1936 to protect the watershed forest surrounding the Mimbilisan Falls (also spelled Milisbilisan Falls) in the municipality of Talisayan declared through Proclamation No. 51 by President Manuel Luis Quezon. It had an initial area of and is an important source for Mimbilisan Water System that supplies water to the surrounding communities in eastern Misamis Oriental. In 1999 and again, in 2007, the forest reserve was reestablished as a protected landscape under the National Integrated Protected Areas System with the enactment of Proclamation No. 134 and Republic Act No. 9494. It is one of five declared protected areas of the Philippines in Misamis Oriental.
Geography.
The Mimbilisan Protected Landscape encompasses an area of in the rural villages of Bugdang in Talisayan and Mapua in Balingoan. It lies in the northern foothills of the Mount Balatukan Range, another declared protected area classified as a natural park which forms the backbone of the Misamis Peninsula. Mount Balatukan contains the headwaters of several rivers and streams that drain the surrounding coastal municipalities from Balingasag to Gingoog and empty into the Bohol Sea. The Talisayan River borders the Mimbilisan park to the east and the Mindocdocan River to the west. It is located south of the Talisayan municipal proper and some northwest of Gingoog. It is accessible via the Mapua Road in Balingoan and the Butuan–Cagayan de Oro–Iligan Road from the region's capital and largest city Cagayan de Oro located some southeast.


Cucumaria miniata

Cucumaria miniata is commonly known as the orange sea cucumber or red sea cucumber due to its striking color. This northeast Pacific species is often found wedged in between rocks or crevices at the coast or on docks and can generally be identified by its orange bushy tentacles protruding above the substrate.
Description.
"Cucumaria miniata" is generally orange or reddish brown. They are easily identifiable by their orange coloration and branching tentacles. The body is thick and has five rows of tube feet, separated by smooth, soft skin. Pentameric radial symmetry is present in the five equally spaced rows of feet. The ossicles, which are present in all echinoderms, are small and scarcely scattered throughout the dermis. Respiration occurs through two aborescent tubes known as respiratory trees that are located in the coelom.
They have fifteen sets of feeding arms that fan out into bushy tentacles when fully extended and feed into the mouth which is controlled by a sphincter muscle. Their mouth and anus are at separate ends of the body resulting in a full digestive tract. The lower part of the body is generally wedged in a crevice so often the tentacles are the main part of the organism visible.
Size.
They can grow to 25 cm long with tentacles extended and can reach a diameter of 8 cm. The tentacles can reach a diameter of 15 cm.
Range and habitat.
"Cucumaria miniata" can be found from northern Alaska to northern Mexico. They live in rocky areas from the intertidal zone to a depth of 100 m, and are generally found wedged in crevices on docks or between rocks. Since they have the ability to stay attached to a substrate, they tend to frequent areas with higher currents in order to avoid predation.
Predators.
Major predators include "Solaster stimpsoni" (the Sun Star), "Luidia foliolata" (the Sand Star), as well as other sea stars.
Natural history.
"Cucumaria miniata" are suspension feeders. They use their bushy tentacles to capture detritus and plankton from the water column. They then pull the tentacle via the feeding arm into the mouth to remove the food. Small tentacles around the mouth also help prevent food from escaping. Their feeding greatly decreases between November and March, when there is less plankton available.
Life history.
"Cucumaria miniata" spawn from March to May. They extend the anterior portion of their body and release eggs and sperm into the water column. The fertilized eggs develop into non-feeding larvae that move slowly and settle near adults. They can live between five and ten years.


Tulbaghia natalensis

Tulbaghia natalensis, called pink wild garlic and sweet wild garlic (a name it shares with "Tulbaghia simmleri"), is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to South Africa. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit as an ornamental.


Acacia difficilis

Acacia difficilis is a tree belonging to the genus "Acacia" and the subgenus "Juliflorae" that is endemic to tropical parts of northern Australia.
Description.
The tree typically grows to a height of and has fibrous, grey to brown coloured bark on both the trunk and branches. It has grey to brown branchlets that are almost terete which can be densely pubescent or glabrous. Like most species of "Acacia" it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The evergreen, narrowly elliptic phyllodes have a tapered base and are in length and wide. The thinly coriaceous phyllodes are silvery-white and covered in a dense mat of woolly hair when young and have five to nine prominent longitudinal nerves. It blooms from May to September producing yellow flowers.
Distribution.
It is native to an area in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, to the top end of the Northern Territory, and north-west Queensland. It is quite common in the northern parts of the Northern Territory and is also found on Thursday Island and Melville Island, it is much rarer in Western Australia where it is found around Kununurra and is also found near the Gulf of Carpentaria in Queensland. It is usually situated along creeks growing in sandy or gravelly soils as a part of open woodland communities where it is often associated with "Eucalyptus tetrodonta".


Harmandiana vouauxii