Cotoneaster dammeri

Cotoneaster dammeri, the bearberry cotoneaster, is a species of flowering plant in the genus "Cotoneaster", belonging to the family Rosaceae, native to central and southern China (Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Tibet and Yunnan) and naturalized in Europe.
Description.
It is a fast-growing evergreen low shrub with creeping branches. It reaches in height. Leaves are elliptical and leathery, with very fine tips and entire edges, about long. The surface is glossy and dark green while the underside is gray-green. The leaves turn purple in autumn. The fragrant flowers are usually single or 2-3 together in leaf axils. They are white with pink outer sides, about in diameter, with about twenty stamens and purple anthers. The flowering period extends from May through June. Fruits are bright red subglobose berries, about in diameter, remaining well into winter. The root system consists of finely branched and very shallow roots. The branches form roots at nodes when they touch the ground.
Habitat.
"Cotoneaster dammeri" grows in mountainous regions, on cliff sides and in open, mixed forests on dry and calcareous soils, at elevations between and above sea level.
Cultivation.
"Cotoneaster dammeri" is commonly used as an ornamental plant. Cultivars include:


Buchwaldoboletus lignicola

Buchwaldoboletus lignicola is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae native to Europe and North America. Found on wood, it is actually parasitic on the fungus "Phaeolus schweinitzii". It has a convex yellow- to rusty brown cap, yellow to yellow-brown pores and stipe, and a brown spore print. Its edibility is unknown.
Taxonomy and naming.
Originally described by Franz Joseph Kallenbach in 1929 as "Boletus lignicola", it was given its current name by mycologist Albert Pilát in 1969. He first placed it in the genus "Pulveroboletus" before erecting the new genus "Buchwaldoboletus" on account of its occurrence on wood (rather than in the ground), decurrent and arcuate pores, the yellow mycelium at the base of the stipe, the blueing flesh and lack of hyphal clamps. Other genera in which the species has been placed include "Xerocomus" by Rolf Singer in 1942, "Gyrodon" by Paul Heinemann in 1951, and "Phlebopus" by Meinhard Moser in 1955. The species name comes from the Latin words "lignum" "wood" and the verb "cǒlěre" "to inhabit".
"Buchwaldoboletus lignicola" is a member of the genus "Buchwaldoboletus", which with the genus "Chalciporus" form group of fungi that is an early offshoot in the family Boletaceae. Many members appear to be parasitic.
Description.
The cap is convex, becoming more broadly so in age, and measures in diameter. The cap margin has a band of sterile tissue that is rolled inwards when young. The cap surface is initially finely velvety but often develops fines cracks in maturity. Its color is rusty brown to yellow brown. Easily peeled off the mushroom, the skin is separated from the yellow flesh by a thin gelatinous layer, and can in fact be moved back and forth across the cap. The flesh may stain blue where it has been cut or otherwise injured, although this reaction is slow to develop, or may not occur at all. The pores are small and angular, measuring 1–3 per millimeter, while the tubes are 3–12 mm long. The pore surface is yellowish to brownish yellow in maturity, and stains bluish-green with injury. The stipe measures long by thick, and is roughly the same width throughout its length, or narrower at the base. There is a yellow mycelium at the stipe base.
The smell is mild and sweet, but has occasionally been described as foul in old specimens. The edibility of "B. lignicola" is not known with certainty.
The mushroom produces an olive-brown spore print. Spores are ellipsoid, smooth, and measure 6–10 by 3–4 µm.
Distribution, habitat and ecology.
"Buchwaldoboletus lignicola" has been recorded across Europe from the far northern subarctic regions south to Switzerland, and North America from Ontario and Quebec south to Pennsylvania. It is considered endangered in the Czech Republic.
It is only found where the fungus "Phaeolus schweinitzii" grows, and microscopic tests have revealed it is parasitic on that species. The two are found with coniferous trees such as Scots pine ("Pinus sylvestris"), eastern white pine ("P. strobus") and European larch ("Larix decidua"), and less commonly deciduous trees such as wild cherry ("Prunus avium").


Endoscypha perforans


Eiconaxius borradailei


Hyphodontia aspera

Hyphodontia aspera is a species of fungus in the family Schizoporaceae.


Cirsium grahamii

Cirsium grahamii, called Graham's thistle, is a North American species of plants in the thistle tribe within the sunflower family. The species is native to Sonora, Chihuahua, Durango, Nuevo León, New Mexico, and Arizona.
"Cirsium grahamii" is a biennial herb up to 100 cm (40 inches) tall, blooming only once before dying. Leaves have thin spines along the edges. There is several flower heads per plant, with deep purple disc florets but no ray florets.


Baeckea latens

Baeckea latens is a shrub found along the south coast Western Australia.
The upright, open and spreading shrub typically grows to a height of . It blooms between October and December producing pink and white flowers.
It is found on undulating plains and hills in eastern areas of the Great Southern and south western coastal parts of Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia where it grows in sandy and lateritic soils around granite.


Pholiota malicola

Pholiota malicola is an inedible species of fungus in the mushroom family Strophariaceae. Originally called "Flammula malicola" by mycologist Calvin Henry Kauffman in 1926, it was transferred to the genus "Pholiota" by Alexander H. Smith in 1934. It is found in North America and Australia.


Caladenia pectinata

Caladenia pectinata, commonly known as the king spider orchid is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single erect, hairy leaf and up to three large red, yellow and pale green flowers. It is especially common between Bremer Bay and Rocky Gully.
Description.
"Caladenia pectinata" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single erect, hairy leaf, long and wide. Up to three red, yellow and pale green flowers long and wide are borne on a stalk tall. The sepals have thick, brown, club-like glandular tips long. The dorsal sepal is erect, long and wide. The lateral sepals are long and wide and turn downwards. The petals are long, wide and are sometimes spreading otherwise turn upwards. The labellum is long, wide and creamy-yellow with a dark red, down-curved tip. The sides of the labellum have linear teeth up to long and there are four or six rows of dark red calli along its mid-line. Flowering is from late September to October.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Caladenia pectinata" was first formally described by Richard Rogers in 1920 and the description was published in "Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia". The specific epithet ("pectinata") is a Latin word meaning "comb-like" referring to the fringe on the sides of the labellum.
Distribution and habitat.
The king spider orchid is widespread between Cataby and Munglinup in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains, Geraldton Sandplains, Jarrah Forest, Mallee, Swan Coastal Plain, and Warren biogeographic regions. It is most common between Bremer Bay and Rocky Gully.
Conservation.
"Caladenia pectinata" is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.


Aroostook State Park

Aroostook State Park is public recreation area within the southern municipal boundary of the city of Presque Isle in Aroostook County, Maine. The state park's encompass Quaggy Jo Mountain and sit adjacent to Echo Lake. "Quaggy Jo" is an altered version of the mountain's Native American name, "Qua Qua Jo", which means "twin-peaked."
The park is off U.S. Route 1 on the south side of Presque Isle. The similarly named Aroostook National Wildlife Refuge is some to the north.
History.
The park was formed in 1938 as the first of Maine's state parks three years after the creation of the Maine State Park Commission. It was formed through the donation of of land by business persons from the Presque Isle Merchants Association. The park's first ski runs were built by a 35-member crew from the Works Progress Administration. In 2009, the park was expanded with the addition of , which cost the Department of Conservation $60,000.
Wildlife.
While the park's forest provides a home for black bear and moose, smaller species such as foxes, squirrels, and chipmunks are more commonly seen by visitors. The forest's mix of hardwood trees and cold-tolerant softwoods typical of northern Maine includes various species of ash, maple, and birch, as well as hophornbeam, quaking aspen, American beech, and balsam fir. Common birds include hawks, owls, and woodpeckers. Brook trout are found in Echo Lake.
Activities and amenities.
The park offers a 30-site campground and trails for hiking, cross-country skiing, and snowshoeing. Swimming, fishing, and canoeing are offered on Echo Lake.


Kunzea jucunda

Kunzea jucunda is a flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia where it occurs on sandy or rocky soils of undulating plains. It is similar to "Kunzea affinis" and where the ranges of the two species overlap, hybrids occur.
Description.
"Kunzea jucunda" is a shrub with a few erect main stems and many short side branches. It usually grows to a height of and is mostly glabrous except for a few hairs around the flowers and youngest leaves. The leaves are glabrous, mostly elliptic in shape, about long and wide with a petiole less than long. The flowers are arranged in heads of mostly two to four on the ends of the side branches. The flowers are surrounded by bracts which are about long and wide, mostly glabrous except for a few hairs around the edges and by pairs of smaller bracteoles. The floral cup is about long and the five sepals are lance-shaped, glabrous and about long. The five petals are spatula-shaped to almost round, about long and pink to deep mauve. There are eighteen to twenty four stamens in several rows in each flower. Flowering occurs mainly between August and October and is followed by fruit which are urn-shaped capsules with five vertical ridges. This kunzea is similar to "K. affinis" but is distinguished mainly by the mostly glabrous leaves and bracts. Where the ranges of the two species meet, hybrids often occur.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Kunzea jucunda" was first formally described in 1904 by Ludwig Diels and Ernst Georg Pritzel and the description was published in the journal "Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie". The specific epithet ("jucunda") is a Latin word meaning "pleasant, agreeable or delightful".
Distribution and habitat.
This kunzea grows in a wide range of habitats, but often occurs on sandy or rocky soils of undulating plains, mostly between the Stirling Range and Ravensthorpe in the Esperance Plains and Mallee biogeographic regions.
Conservation.
"Kunzea jucunda" is classified as "Not Threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.


Townsonia deflexa

Townsonia deflexa, commonly known as the creeping forest orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to New Zealand. It forms diffuse colonies with tiny, inconspicuous flowers and small, more or less round leaves and grows mainly in mosses places in beech forest.
Description.
"Townsonia deflexa" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, sympodial herbs which grow in small groups with their tubers connected by a fleshy root. It spreads through mossy patches and leaf litter. Each tuber produces one or two leaves. The leaves of both flowering and non-flowering plants are very thin with wavy margins and a relatively long petiole. They emerge at ground level and are egg-shaped to almost round and about long. Flowering plants also have a similar leaf on the flowering stem except that it lacks a petiole. Up to four flowers about long are borne on a flowering stem high. The flowers are green with red blotches. The sepals are V-shaped in cross section, the dorsal sepal broader and slightly shorter than the lateral sepals. The petals are erect, oblong and much shorter than the sepals. The labellum is also shorter than the sepals and is thicker along its mid-line with two ridges of calli. Flowering occurs from November to February.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Townsonia deflexa" was first formally described in 1906 by Thomas Cheeseman and the description was published in his book "Manual of the New Zealand Flora". The specific epithet ("deflexa") is a Latin word meaning "bending away from".
Distribution and habitat.
The creeping forest orchid grows in mossy placed, especially in beech forests , forming small diffuse colonies. It is found on the North, South, Stewart, Auckland and Campbell Islands of New Zealand.


Cryptopygus agreni

Cryptopygus agreni is a species of springtail in the genus "Cryptopygus". It is sometime considered a synonym for "Hemisotoma pontica" (Stach, 1947)


Madhuca dubardii

Madhuca dubardii is a plant in the family Sapotaceae.
Description.
"Madhuca dubardii" grows as a tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is reddish brown. Inflorescences bear up to four flowers. The fruit is greyish-brown, ellipsoid, up to long.
Distribution and habitat.
"Madhuca dubardii" grows naturally in Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. Its habitat is lowland mixed dipterocarp forests from altitude.
Conservation.
"Madhuca dubardii" has been assessed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List. The species is threatened by logging and conversion of land for palm oil plantations.


Macromonas bipunctata

Macromonas" "bipunctata is a Gram-negative, colorless, and heterotrophic sulfur bacterium of the genus "Macromonas". It is commonly found in sewage aeration tanks and caves where moonmilk has formed. In the 1920s, researcher Gicklhorn first discovered this organism under the name "Pseudomonas" "bipunctata". After further study and culturing by Utermöhl and Koppe, in 1923, it was later renamed "Macromonas" "bipunctata". This organism is thought to be non-pathogenic species. In fact, the moonmilk produced was referenced as a remedy for infections in the Middle Ages.
Background.
History.
In the Middle Ages, "moonmilk" was used as a medicine. People often used it to cure infections and accelerate the healing process. Moonmilk is more than simply "Macromonas bipunctata". It also contains populations of cyanobacteria, fungi, green algae, and actinomycetes, which are the main producers of antibiotics. This could explain why it was effective as a potential agent for healing.
Etymology.
"M. bipunctata" was first isolated by Gicklhorn in the slime of a large basin Gratz in a botanical garden in 1924. Gicklhorn treated this species as a colorless sulfur bacteria and called it "Pseudomonas" "bipunctata". The Greek root "monad/monas" was commonly used for microbiology to indicate a unicellular or single unit organism(s)/bacterium in the 1920s. Furthermore, "bipunctata" can be separated into the Latin roots "bi", meaning two, and "punctata" , meaning spotted, as seen in cultured "M". "bipunctata".
Years later, Dubinina, Grabovich, and La Rivière isolated this species from the precipitates of sewage aeration tanks called the white mat. Upon more research of this organism, it was renamed "Macromonas" "bipunctata". "Macro" is the Greek term for large, as the cell itself is on average larger than most bacteria. Additionally, this species can also be found in many caves where moonmilk is present.
Microbiology.
"Macromonas" "bipunctata" is a Gram-negative, aerobic, irregular/pear shaped, heterotrophic sulfur bacterium. M. bipunctata has a very large cell area at 9 µm x 20 µm . Its motility consists of flagella 20–40 µm long that moves around using a structural beam of polar flagella located at one end of its body.
Phylogeny and taxonomy.
The closest species to "Macromonas" "bipunctata" within the class Betaproteobacteria are "Malikia" "granosa" and "Malikia" "spinosa" based on 16S rRNA gene as shown in many previous studies. "Malikia" nests within the family Comamonadaceae in the phylum Proteobacteria and is also aerobic. "Malikia granosa" has a 96.5% similarity to "M. bipunctata", whereas "Hydrogenophaga flava" has a 95.61% similarity in its 16S rRNA gene.
Culturing.
Most of the culturing procedures model Dubinina and Grabovich's 1984 article on "M. bipunctata": it includes sodium acetate (1 g/L), calcium chloride (0.1 g/L), casein hydrolysate (0.1g/L), yeast extract (0.1g/L), and agar (1g/L) along with a vitamin supplement, trace elements, and FeS as a sulfide source. "M. bipunctata" was cultured on an agar plate for 2–3 days at 28 °C (mesophile as optimum for cultivation set at around 28 degrees) before several species of "Macromonas" "bipunctata" appeared. The optimal pH level for growing is around 7.2–7.4 which classifies this species as a neutrophil. The colonies that form produce a white film on the surface of the plate along with flat, finegrained colonies of 1–4 mm diameter. "M. bipunctata" has a cell area at 9 µm x 20 µm . This species is also pear-shaped, gram-negative and catalase positive.
Genomics.
Many of the studies using "M. bipunctata" still rely heavily on its morphological characteristics. However, it has been used as a phylogenetic comparison frequently so its 16s rRNA is catalogued: it is 1461 bp. The same study shows that the genome contains 67.6% GC content.
Metabolism.
"Macromonas" "bipunctata" has been cultured in many studies that show H2O2 is formed in different biochemical reactions: not only in the process of respiration with the participation of enzymes of the electron transport chain, but also in the course of utilization of intracellular oxalate inclusions in the cytoplasm. Oxidation of oxalate inclusions by oxalate oxidase leads to H2O2 accumulation. Furthermore, in the end process of becoming a toxic metabolite, it would decompose upon chemical interaction with the reduced sulfur compounds, whose presence is characteristic for the habitat of these bacteria. When grown on the media containing organic acids of the TCA cycle, the unicellular sulfur bacterium "M." "bipunctata" is able to synthesize and store calcium oxalates inside the cell. This process is possible due to the presence of the high oxaloacetate hydrolase activity in "M." "bipunctata".
The oxalate metabolism throughout different cultures was seen through three different enzymes. One of them leads to the formation of glyoxylate, which may then enter bio-synthetic reactions. The second way implies oxidation of oxalate to CO2 via formate, which may be significant in energy metabolism. The third way is oxidation of oxalate by oxalate oxidase.
Furthermore, "M." "bipunctata" was found that reduced sulfur compounds such as H2S were not used by the strains as electron donors, rather, their oxidation was due to interaction with H2O2. This was a main product of O2 reduction in respiration. It is assumed that "Macromonas bipunctata", at least in part, is responsible for the metabolism of organic acids and calcium deposition in the form of a calcite crystals. This bacterium recently classified as colorless sulfuric bacterium which has the ability to partially oxidize inorganic sulfur compounds.
Ecology.
"M. bipunctata" lives in several different environments. Other than its communal living in moonmilk formations in certain caves, it was first isolated from a white mat formed in a waste-water. This microorganism is also found as a free-living microbe adapted to high-calcium and high alkaline, freshwater environments.
Biogeochemical significance.
"Macromonas bipunctata" has an indirect connection to the discovery of several antibiotics within the moonmilk formations, but its greatest importance is in its chemical cycling of minerals such as sulfur and calcium in mesophilic environments. This microbe plays a major, holistic role in cycling sulfur through the environment. This bacteria has the ability to precipitate fine crystals of calcite as a byproduct of its activity through calcite inclusions within the cell of the microorganism. It also helps make magnesia crystals and the combination of the two provide the majority of the moonmilk formation that provides a mesophilic environment for several Archaea ad Bacterial phyla that live within the formations.


Frauenwinkel

Frauenwinkel is a mire landscape in Switzerland, situated at the "Seedamm" area on "Zürichsee" lakeshore in the municipality of Freienbach in the Canton of Schwyz.
Geography.
Frauenwinkel is situated on the "Seedamm" area in Hurden, a locality of Freienbach in the canton of Schwyz. It is bordered by the "Zürichsee" to the west, by the locality of Pfäffikon to the south and by the Hurden canal to the north; to its east the "Obersee" (upper lake Zürich) at Rapperswil is situated, as well as the Holzbrücke Rapperswil-Hurden being another protected area. The reed and marsh belt at Frauenwinkel has a maximal width of about from the west to the east and a length of about from the north to the south. The lake area of about towards the "Lützelau" and "Ufenau" islands is also part of the Frauenwinkel protected area. At Hurden local agricultural use is allowed. The open landscape of Frauenwinkel is the last great unspoilt section of the shore on Zürichsee. Its shallow water areas are southernly and easterly surrounded by marshes and to the northwest by the islands of "Ufenau" and "Lützelau".
The name Frauenwinkel origins from a donation in 965 AD by the emperor Otto I to the pin "Unserer lieben Frau" ("Our Lady") to the Einsiedeln Abbey which still is the owner of the area.
Flora and fauna.
A reed belt lines the greater part of the shore between Pfäffikon and Hurden. Landward there is reed vegetation with large and small sedge flora, rushes, "Iris sibirica" and "Gentiana pneumonanthe". In certain places even transition and high marsh occurs. In the nature reserve there are European rarities, among them "Phengaris alcon", "Eurasian curlew" and "Gentiana pneumonanthe", as well as "Ruspolia nitidula", a small snail.
Breeding sites.
Frauenwinkel is an important water bird roost and breeding grounds of various rare reed birds. Here the "Curlew" has one of the last breeding places in Switzerland. On the passage in late February and early March, however, up to 200-strong "Numenius arquata" flocks may be observed, as well as "Emberiza schoeniclus" and "Acrocephalus arundinaceus"'.
Endangering.
Strong recovery pressure, nutrient input, excavated material from drainage ditches and (especially in this deep geographical location) the propagation of rampant foreign plants endanger the sensitive area. The splitting of the different areas within the larger habitat area is a threat to the birds living there. In recent decades, commercial and residential buildings, intensified agriculture and leisure claims have gradually reduced the area, "a remnant of nature in the laundry room: this is the charm and the great danger".
In addition to the safeguarding of sites by own land acquisitions and the completion of contracts, the broad-based "Frauenwinkel" foundation, supported by the environmental organizations Ala, SKV, WWF, ZSL and Pro Natura Schwyz, the municipality Freienbach, farmers and industry forces the protection and enhancement of the area by public relation works. In co-operation with the cantonal office of the nature reserve (German: Fachstelle Naturschutz des Kantons Schwyz) the protection status may be optimized.
Legal protection.
Frauenwinkel is the most important nature reserve on the Zürichsee lakeshore. Established in 1927 and protected in 1980 respectively 1996, the Frauenwinkel bog landscape and lake zone including the Lützelau and Ufenau islands belong to Switzerland's most valuable riparian landscapes. Frauenwinkel ist part of the "mire landscapes in Switzerland", bogs and wetlands being in the "Inventory of Mire Landscapes of Particular Beauty and National Importance" in Switzerland. The area is a moorland and fen site of national importance, according to the Cantonal Protection Ordinance (German: Moorlandschaft und Flachmoorobjekte von nationaler Bedeutung, Kantonale Schutzverordnung).
The protected site is also part of the archaeological Seedamm area including the remains of the Prehistoric wooden bridges respectively Prehistoric pile dwellings around Zürichsee settlements, situated at the Seedamm isthmus between the "Zürichsee" and the "Obersee" lake area: Freienbach–Hurden Rosshorn, Freienbach–Hurden Seefeld, Seegubel and Rapperswil-Jona–Technikum. Because the lake has grown in size over time, the original piles are now around to under the water level of . As well as being part of the 56 Swiss sites of the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps", the settlements are also listed in the Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance as a "Class object".


Polygonum parryi

Polygonum parryi is a species of flowering plant in the knotweed family known by the common names Parry's knotweed and prickly knotweed. It is native to the western United States from Washington to California, where it grows in several types of moist, open habitat in mountainous and coastal areas.
Description.
"Polygonum parryi" is a small annual herb forming mats or cushions of short, angled stems growing erect up to 7 or 8 centimeters (2.8–3.2 inches) in height. The greenish brown stems are lined densely and evenly with linear, spine-tipped leaves. The lowest leaves are longest, reaching up to 2 centimeters (0.8 inches) long, while leaves near the branch tips are small and scale-like. Each leaf has a thin, wide stipule which forms a fringed, fibrous ochrea around the base of the leaf. White flowers less than 2 millimeters (0.08 inches) wide occur in the leaf axils.


2009 Lindsey Oil Refinery strikes

The 2009 Lindsey Oil Refinery strikes were a series of wildcat strikes that affected the energy industry in the United Kingdom in 2009. The action involved workers at around a dozen energy sites across the UK who walked out in support of other British workers at the Total's Lindsey Oil Refinery. The Lindsey Oil Refinery construction workers went on strike because employment was not offered to them on a £200 million construction contract to build a hydro desulphurisation unit at the site.
January 2009 action.
On 28 January 2009, approximately 800 of Lindsey Oil Refinery's local contractors went on strike following the appointment by the Italian construction contractor IREM of several hundred European (mainly Italian and Portuguese) contractors on the site at a time of high unemployment in the local and global economy. The action attracted considerable media interest.
Workers contended that the strike was in defence of a national agreement determining wages and conditions in the industry.
The protests were largely portrayed in the British media as being solely about the use of the European Union's Posted Workers Directive to discriminate against British workers, prompting Unite the union to make a statement on 4 February to refute xenophobic comments in the media. Since European Union law enshrines the right to the freedom of movement for workers between EU member states, British Prime Minister Gordon Brown said: "When I talked about British jobs, I was talking about giving people in Britain the skills, so that they have the ability to get jobs which were at present going to people from abroad, and actually encouraging people to take up the courses and the education and learning that is necessary for British workers to be far more skilled for the future." Asked for his message to people considering the wildcat strikes, he said: "That that's not the right thing to do and it's not defensible." Italian and Portuguese construction workers, living on barges in nearby docks, were set to starting work there. British trade unions claimed Britons were not given any opportunity to apply for the posts.
Additional contractors at other sites in the United Kingdom also initiated action as a result of the protests. On 30 January, around 700 workers at the Grangemouth Oil Refinery in central Scotland walked out in solidarity with the North Lincolnshire strikers. They were also joined by 50 strikers in Aberthaw, in South Wales, 400 at the ICI site in Wilton, Teesside. and walkouts also took place at British Petroleum in Saltend, Hull.
Following several days of talks between representatives from Total and the GMB union which were chaired by Acas, a deal was finally struck on 5 February and workers at the refinery agreed to return to work the following Monday. The deal would see 102 new jobs being created for British workers in addition to the posts awarded to an IREM. An earlier deal that would have seen the creation of 60 British jobs (40 skilled and 20 unskilled) had been rejected. On 16 February an Acas report concluded that Total had not broken the law in employing Italian workers at the refinery.
The strike at Lindsey resumed on 11 June 2009, after a subcontractor at the site laid off a number of employees, later confirmed to be 51. The strike was quickly followed by sympathy strikes at Cheshire's Fiddlers Ferry Power Station on 15 June and Aberthaw on 17 June. The strikes escalated on 18 June, with walkouts at Drax Power Station and Eggborough Power Station in Yorkshire and Ratcliffe-on-Soar Power Station in Nottinghamshire, BP Saltend, and the BOC oxygen plant at Scunthorpe.
June 2009 action.
On 19 June 2009 nearly 700 construction staff were sacked at the Lindsey Oil Refinery. The sackings came following 1,200 workers walking out unofficially at the plant in a jobs dispute. The following plants walked out in sympathy:
Paul Kenny, General Secretary of the GMB trade union, said: "GMB condemn the action of Total. Total have for a full week refused to meet the union to resolve the problems through ACAS. It seems pretty obvious that there is a mass case of victimisation taking place here. Locking out the workforce at Lindsay will not solve the problem. It will escalate it."
Workers at the Lindsey refinery were invited to re-apply for their jobs, with managers at Total giving them a deadline of 17:00 on Monday 22 June 2009 to do so. However, angered by the actions of the management, workers burned their dismissal letters at a protest outside the refinery. Around 3,000 workers at other sites around the country also walked out in support of the Lindsey workers.
Negotiations between Total and representatives of the GMB union were adjourned on Tuesday 23 June with some progress having been made, but sources said a number of "significant barriers" remained outstanding before the dispute could be resolved. Talks resumed on 25 June, and an agreement was reached late that evening to end the industrial action, accepted at a mass meeting outside the refinery on the following Monday. The deal included the reinstatement of the 647 workers at the Lindsey site who had been sacked for taking unofficial action, offers of alternative jobs for the 51 workers laid off, and assurances that workers at power stations and oil and gas terminals who walked out in sympathy would not be victimised. On 29 June workers at the refinery voted to accept the deal.


Scalicus amiscus

Scalicus amiscus is a species of Scorpaeniformes in the family Peristediidae.


Gheluvelt Park, Worcester

Gheluvelt Park is a public park in Worcester, England, which opened on 17 June 1922 to commemorate the Worcestershire Regiment's 2nd Battalion after their part in Battle of Gheluvelt, a World War I battle that took place on 31 October 1914 in Gheluvelt (near Ypres), Belgium. It was opened by Field Marshal John French, 1st Earl of Ypres, who stated, "on that day the 2nd Worcesters saved the British Empire." A plaque inside the park commemorates Captain Gerald Ernest Lea, who died on 15 September 1914 while commanding D. Company of the 2nd Battalion.
The park is located in Worcester, along the A449 (Barbourne Road) and stretches across to the River Severn. The Barbourne Brook, which leads to the Severn, feeds a duck pond within which is a bandstand. The park contains a children's play area and a supervised paddling pool. A conservation site is managed by the Duckworth Worcestershire Trust and, following renovations to the old Victorian Pump House, the Environment Centre provides information about environmental issues as well as sustainability. The Friends of Gheluvelt Park organisation helps maintain the parks and organise events such as Carols in the Park and a St George's Day celebration. A significant area of the park, including the children's play area, was flooded by the Severn and the Barbourne Brook during the 2007 United Kingdom floods in July.
Gheluvelt Park has received £850,000 from the Heritage Lottery Fund, in order to improve the park. A new play area has been created, a Splash Pad built for toddlers to early teens, the railings have been reinstated along Barbourne Road, and the bandstand has been renovated. Recently, a sculpture costing £33,000 was installed, to symbolise the fallen soldiers, and a funding application has been submitted for outdoor fitness equipment for adults, (2011), including six exercise units and also two concrete table tennis tables. Funding has also been applied for, for a community "Fitness event" in Autumn 2011.


Proteus vulgaris

Proteus vulgaris is a rod-shaped, nitrate-reducing, indole-positive and catalase-positive, hydrogen sulfide-producing, Gram-negative bacterium that inhabits the intestinal tracts of humans and animals. It can be found in soil, water, and fecal matter. It is grouped with the Morganellaceae and is an opportunistic pathogen of humans. It is known to cause wound infections and other species of its genera are known to cause urinary tract infections.
"P. vulgaris" was one of the three species Hauser isolated from putrefied meat and identified (1885).
Over the past two decades, the genus "Proteus", and in particular "P. vulgaris", has undergone a number of major taxonomic revisions. In 1982, "P. vulgaris" was separated into three biogroups on the basis of indole production. Biogroup one was indole negative and represented a new species, "P. penneri", while biogroups two and three remained together as "P. vulgaris".
Lab identification.
According to laboratory fermentation tests, "P. vulgaris" ferments glucose and amygdalin, but does not ferment mannitol or lactose. "P. vulgaris" also tests positive for the methyl red (mixed acid fermentation) test and is also an extremely motile organism.
When "P. vulgaris" is tested using the API 20E identification system it produces positive results for sulfur reduction, urease production, tryptophan deaminase production, indole production, sometimes positive gelatinase activity, and saccharose fermentation, and negative results for the remainder of the tests on the testing strip.
It is referenced in the Analytical Profile Index using the nine-digit code: 047602157.
The optimal growing conditions of this organism is in a facultative anaerobic environment with an average temperature of about 40 °C.
The Becton/Dickinson BBL Enterotube II system for identification of members of the order Enterobacterales inoculated with "P. vulgaris" may yield the following results:
"P. vulgaris" can test positive or negative for citrate. All combine for a Biocode ID of 31406, (Biocode ID 31402, 31404, 31407 all resulting in "P. vulgaris" with asymptomatic results) for use in the Interpretation Guide/Computer Coding and Identification System. "P. vulgaris" can also test urease negative in solid media (such as in Enterotube), but will be urease positive in liquid media. The CCIS code will still identify it with a negative urease test. When inoculated in a gelatin stab test, "P. vulgaris" is capable of hydrolysis of gelatin.
"Proteus" infections.
Clinical expression.
Enterobacterales (of which "Proteus "is a member) and "Pseudomonas" species are the micro-organisms most commonly responsible for Gram-negative bacteremia and sepsis.
The presence of the sepsis syndrome associated with a urinary tract infection (UTI) should raise the possibility of urinary tract obstruction. This is especially true of patients who reside in long-term care facilities, who have long-term indwelling urethral catheters, or who have a known history of urethral anatomic abnormalities.
Urease production leads to precipitation of organic and inorganic compounds, which leads to struvite stone formation. Struvite stones are composed of a combination of magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) and calcium carbonate-apatite. Struvite stone formation can be sustained only when ammonia production is increased and the urine pH is elevated to decrease the solubility of phosphate. Both of these requirements can occur only when urine is infected with a urease-producing organism such as "Proteus". Urease metabolizes urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide: urea 2 NH3 + CO2. The ammonia/ammonium buffer pair has a pK of 9.0, resulting in the combination of highly alkaline, ammonia-rich urine.
Symptoms attributable to struvite stones are uncommon. More often, women present with UTI, flank pain, or hematuria, and are found to have a persistently alkaline urine pH (>7.0).
Treatments.
Antibiotics to which "P. vulgaris" is known to be sensitive:
References.
“Proteus Vulgaris.” Thistle, Thistle.co, www.thistle.co.za/pdf_files/education/microbiology/microbiology_legends/Cycle_41/Cycle%2041%20Organism%203%20-%20Proteus%20Vulgaris.pdf.


Smilax biltmoreana

Smilax biltmoreana, common name Biltmore's carrionflower, is a North American plant species native to the southeastern United States. It is concentrated in the Great Smoky Mountains but with outlying populations in Virginia, North and South Carolina, Tennessee, Kentucky, Georgia, Alabama, and northern Florida.
"Smilax biltmoreana" is a herb with erect stems up to 60 cm (2 feet) tall. Leaves are egg-shaped to heart-shaped, with wax on the underside but no hairs. Flowers are small and greenish, fruits dark blue.
The species epiteet "biltmoreana" refers to the Biltmore Estate in Asheville, North Carolina, once owned by George Washington Vanderbilt. Vanderbilt sponsored a significant number of botanical studies in the American Southeast in the late 19th and early 20th Centuries.


Churchill National Park

The Churchill National Park is a national park located in the Greater Melbourne region of Victoria, Australia. The national park is situated southeast of Melbourne adjacent to the suburb of , which lies between Rowville and Endeavour Hills in the far north of the City of Casey. The national park is near the Monash Freeway and Stud Road. When combined with the adjacent Lysterfield Park, the two parks comprise in the Dandenong Valley and the Dandenong Ranges that are a haven for native birds, mammals and reptiles, and provide recreational opportunities.
Established on 12 February 1941 as the Dandenong National Park, the park was renamed in 1944 in honour of Sir Winston Churchill.
Features.
There are tracks throughout the Churchill National Park for walking, cycling and jogging. One recommended walking track for a very peaceful walk is Channel Track, surrounded by thick woodland and it runs beside the old aqueduct. The eastern boundary track is particularly good for cycling and jogging. Bird watching is spectacular within the park especially by the dam along the northern boundary track.
The picnic ground has gas barbecues, a unisex toilet and a shelter. Picnic grounds are provided on the end of the access road.
Churchill National Park is famous for its 173 different species of birds, such as the Australian wood duck and the Pacific black duck. Most mammals are only active at night, so if you arrive early or leave late, you might be lucky enough to see one, such as echidnas, wallabies and kangaroos. Echidnas are also active during the day, searching for ants and grubs in the ground.
History.
The park that is now Churchill National Park was once the police corps headquarters for blacktrackers and provided grazing land for the police horses. Many years later it was known as the Dandenong Police Paddocks. In the 1920s, metropolitan development brought some change to the parklands, which was still known as Police Paddocks. Local stone was dug up for road metal and building material, a water supply channel was cut to Dandenong, and the State Electricity Commission obtained a power line easement. Fire and the clearing of the area took place. In 1939 the area was set aside as the Dandenong National Park, gazetted in February 1941, and later renamed Churchill National Park in 1944.
An old quarry is located in the north west corner of the park, remains of the associated tramway and crusher foundations are still visible. The tramway was known as the Scoresby Tramway. The tramway was used to transport crushed rock from the quarry, it was constructed by the Dandenong Shire Council in 1912. The wagons travelled by gravity for most of the distance, when the topography leveled out, horses were used to draw the waggons. The quarry operated for approximately three years, the tramway was removed after the cessation of quarrying.


Coprosma prisca

Coprosma prisca, commonly known as goatwood, is a flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. The specific epithet comes from the Latin for “old” or “ancient”, though its application to this species is unknown.
Description.
It is a dense shrub growing to 3 m in height. The glossy, bright green, obovate to elliptic leaves are 20–70 mm long, 35 mm wide, with slightly recurved edges. The flowers are small and green, 6–8 mm long. The egg-shaped green fruits are 6–7 mm long. The flowering season is from late August to early October.
Distribution and habitat.
The species is endemic to Australia’s subtropical Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea. It is common at low elevations along the coast.


Anisochaeta gigantea

Anisochaeta gigantea (formerly "Spenceriella gigantea" or "Celeriella gigantea"), commonly called the North Auckland worm, is a rare giant annelid of the family Megascolecidae, endemic to New Zealand.
The North Auckland worm is New Zealand's largest, reaching long, and in diameter. Its burrows are up to in diameter, and reach a depth of .
The type locality is on Little Barrier Island on a plateau above sea level in forest subsoil. Under both the New Zealand Threat Classification System and IUCN Redlist it is classed a "Data Deficient".


Stichodactyla haddoni

Stichodactyla haddoni, commonly known as Haddon's sea anemone, is a species of sea anemone belonging to the family Stichodactylidae. It is found in the Indo-Pacific area.
Description.
"S. haddoni" is characterized by a folded oral disc that reaches between 50 and 80 cm in diameter with a 1 – 2 cm tentacle free oral area. The tentacles have a rounded tip and the end may be green, yellow, gray, or rarely, blue and pink. The column, external structure of an anemone visible when the animal is closed, has small, non-adhesive bumps (verrucae) which are usually the same color as the column and not visible. The tentacles are yellowish or tan. At the circumference it has alternating short and long tentacles.
Distribution and habitat.
"S. haddoni" is found on sandy surfaces and is widespread throughout the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific area from Mauritius to Fiji and from the Ryukyu Islands of southern Japan to Australia.
Biology.
"S. haddoni" feeds in two ways. The first is internal via photosynthesis of its symbiotic zooxanthellae, living in its tissues. And the second is through capturing its prey via its tentacles that allow it to immobilize its prey (small invertebrates, fry or juvenile fish), by using toxins such as SHTX.
"S. haddoni" lives in association with 6 different species of clownfish :
Juvenile "Dascyllus trimaculatus" also associate with "S. haddoni". A number of other species are associated with "S. haddoni", however the relationship is commensal rather than mutual as the anemone does not appear to benefit from the association. These species are
Gallery.
Anemonefish in "S. haddoni"


Madhuca costulata

Madhuca costulata is a plant in the family Sapotaceae. The specific epithet "costulata" means "finely ribbed", referring to the leaves.
Description.
"Madhuca costulata" grows as a tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is greyish. Inflorescences bear up to six flowers.
Distribution and habitat.
"Madhuca costulata" is endemic to Borneo. Its habitat is mixed dipterocarp forests to altitude.
Conservation.
"Madhuca costulata" has been assessed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. The species is threatened by logging and conversion of land for palm oil plantations.


Genoplesium sagittiferum

Genoplesium sagittiferum, commonly known as the horned midge orchid and as "Corunastylis sagittifera" in Australia, is a small terrestrial orchid endemic to New South Wales. It has a single thin leaf fused to the flowering stem and up to ten small, yellowish-green flowers with a hairy reddish labellum.
Description.
"Genoplesium sagittiferum" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single thin leaf long and fused to the flowering stem with the free part long. Between two and ten yellowish-green flowers with red streaks are arranged along a flowering stem long and taller than the leaf. The flowers are long and wide and are inverted so that the labellum is above the column rather than below it. The dorsal sepal is egg-shaped, long, wide and pointed with hairless edges. The lateral sepals are linear to lance-shaped, long, about wide and spread widely apart from each other. The petals are lance-shaped to egg-shaped, about long, wide and sharply pointed with hairless edges. The labellum is reddish, egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, about long, wide, with short hairs on its edges. There is a tapered, dark red callus in the centre of the labellum and extending nearly to its tip. Flowering occurs between February and May.
Taxonomy and naming.
The horned midge orchid was first formally described in 1942 by Herman Rupp who gave it the name "Prasophyllum sagittiferum". The type specimen was collected near Bell by Erwin Nubling and his wife and the description was published in "The Victorian Naturalist". In 1989, David Jones and Mark Clements changed the name to "Genoplesium sagittiferum" and in 2002 Jones and Clements changed the name again to "Corunastylis sagittifera". The specific epithet ("sagittiferum") is from the Latin words "sagitta" meaning "arrow" and "fero" meaning "to bear" or "to carry" referring to the arrowhead shape of the labellum callus.
Distribution and habitat.
"Genoplesium sagittiferum" grows with shrubs in sandy soils, sometimes in moss gardens on rock ledges. It is found in the higher parts of the Blue Mountains.


Streptomyces cacaoi

Streptomyces cacaoi is a bacterium species from the genus of "Streptomyces". "Streptomyces cacaoi" produces polyoxine.


Pinckney State Recreation Area

Pinckney State Recreation Area is a Michigan state recreation area in Dexter, Sylvan and Lyndon Townships, Washtenaw County and Putnam and Unadilla Townships, Livingston County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The park is and sits at an elevation of . The park is connected to the nearby Waterloo State Recreation Area by the Waterloo–Pinckney Trail. Pinckney State Recreation Area is open for year-round recreation including hiking, fishing, swimming, hunting and a variety of winter sports.
History.
Pinckney State Recreation Area comprises several connected, but scattered parcels of land that surround private lands and land owned by the State of Michigan. The village of Pinckney is the largest settlement in the area, lying just to the east of the northeast corner of the park. Hell lies within the park and is the center of recreation at Pinckney State Recreation Area.
Hell grew up around a sawmill, gristmill, distillery and tavern. All three were operated by George Reeves. Reeves moved to the area in the 1830s from the Catskill Mountains in New York. He purchased a sawmill on what is now known as Hell Creek in 1841. Reeves' family sold the land to a group of investors from Detroit in 1924. The investors increased the size of the millpond by raising the level of the dam creating what is now Hiland Lake. The area soon became a summer resort area attracting visitors for swimming and fishing. Henry Ford considered building some manufacturing facilities in the area but decided against it. Just west of the present Pinckney park, the federal government had developed the Waterloo recreational demonstration project in the 1930s and the state acquired the lease of that area in 1943. The next year, the Michigan Legislature appropriated monies for the purchasing of land in southeastern Michigan and for the construction of state parks. The park grew through the 1940s and 1950s with money from a number of sources.
Geology.
The area is covered with glacial moraines, kettle lakes, and swampy lowlands. Much of the area is open grasslands of abandoned agricultural fields with some oak forests on hilly areas with shrub swamps remaining in lowlands. Over 20 lakes, the largest at about , are in the park. The area is in the Grand River and Huron River watersheds. The highest elevation is Stofer Hill at .
Ecology.
Most of the forested areas in Pinckney are on land too steep or deemed otherwise unsuitable for agriculture. The stands that remain are smaller than and consist of deciduous trees, like white oak, red oak, black oak and hickory. The flatter terrain that was originally used as farmland was allowed to become overgrown with native plants like goldenrod and black-eyed susan, but invasive plants like knapweed, quack grass, timothy-grass, and white sweet clover have also taken hold. Other plants found in Pinckney, like the white lady's-slipper and rosepink, are classified as "threatened" and are protected under Michigan law. Other species found in the park, like English sundew, are classified as "special concern."
Mammals found in Pinckney are typical of the region and include white-tailed deer, raccoons, and Virginia opossums. Typical avian species consist of various water birds such as blue-winged teals, snow and Canada geese, mallard and wood ducks, egrets, and great blue herons. Pinckney is also known by birders as a habitat for sandhill cranes.
Recreation.
Pinckney State Recreation Area is home to several campgrounds and many miles of hiking trails. Bruin Lake Modern Campground has 186 modern campsites. Electric service for recreational vehicles is provided along with modern restrooms. Other facilities at the campground include a boat launch, fishing and swimming areas and a playground. Blind Lake Rustic Campground has ten rustic campsites with vault toilets. This campground is a hike-in camping area. Crooked Lake Campground is also a rustic campsite with 12 camping areas. Additionally, one yurt and one cabin are available to rent at the park.
Silver Lake is a center of park activities with swimming beach on the lake as well as access to a number of trails including the 17-mile (27 km) Potawatomi mountain bike trail. The Waterloo-Pinckney Hiking Trail runs through the two parks (passing through Park Lyndon County Park between them). The park is also open to hunting, fishing, wildlife viewing, picnicking and boating.
Lakes.
Pickney Recreation Area hosts several lakes open for recreation.


Sebastiania mosenii

Sebastiania mosenii is a species of flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It was described in 1924. It is native to Minas Gerais, Brazil.


Cantharellus amethysteus

Cantharellus amethysteus, the amethyst chanterelle, is a species of Cantharellus from Europe.


Sandoricum beccarianum

Sandoricum beccarianum is a tree in the family Meliaceae. It is named for the Italian botanist Odoardo Beccari.
Description.
"Sandoricum beccarianum" grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The flowers are yellow-green to white. The roundish fruits are coloured orange-red or pinkish-yellow and measure up to in diameter.
Distribution and habitat.
"Sandoricum beccarianum" grows naturally in Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. Its habitat is peatswamp forests near sea-level.


Goodenia glandulosa

Goodenia glandulosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae and is endemic to dry, inland areas of Australia. It is an erect, perennial herb with linear to lance-shaped leaves and racemes of yellow flowers.
Description.
"Goodenia glandulosa" is an erect, perennial herb that typically grows to a height of and is hairy or scaly. The leaves are linear or lance-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, long and wide and lobed when young. The flowers are arranged in racemes up to long with leaf-like bracts at the base, each flower on a pedicel long. The sepals are egg-shaped, long, the corolla yellow long. The lower lobes of the corolla are about long with wings about wide. Flowering mainly occurs from July to October and the fruit is a more or less spherical capsule in diameter.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Goodenia glandulosa" was first formally described in 1912 by Kurt Krause in Adolf Engler's journal "Das Pflanzenreich" from material collected in 1891. The specific epithet ("glandulosa") means "gland-bearing", referring to the glandular hairs on the foliage.
Distribution and habitat.
This goodenia grows in dry, inland areas, usually on rocky hillsides in Western Australia and in South Australia, but on sand dunes in a few locations in the Northern Territory.
Conservation status.
"Goodenia glandulosa" is classified as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife but as "near threatened" under the Northern Territory Government Territory Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1976.


Cyperus neoguinensis

Cyperus neoguinensis is a species of sedge that is endemic to New Guinea.
The species was first formally described by the botanist Georg Kükenthal in 1924.


Sand Ridge State Forest

Sand Ridge State Forest is a conservation area located in the U.S. state of Illinois. Containing , it is the largest state forest in Illinois. It is located in northern Mason County. The nearest town is Manito, Illinois, and the nearest numbered highway is U.S. Highway 136. It is located on a low bluff, or "sand ridge", overlooking the Illinois River, hence the name. The sand ridge is believed to be an artifact of the post-glacial Kankakee Torrent.
The Sand Ridge State Forest largely dates back to 1939, when the state of Illinois purchased parcels of submarginal sandy farmland for conservation purposes. The Civilian Conservation Corps planted pine trees on much of the land. Today, the state forest contains of dryland oak-hickory woodlands, of pine woodlands, and of open fields and sand prairies. Endemic species include the prickly pear cactus, "Opuntia", more familiar to Mexicans and residents of the U.S. Southwest.
The Sand Ridge State Forest contains the Clear Lake Site, an archeological site listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Current status.
In the 2010s, Sand Ridge is managed by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) as open space for active recreational purposes, especially whitetail deer hunting. Revis Hill Prairie, also located within Mason County, is operated by IDNR as a disjunct area of Sand Ridge State Forest.
In early 2012, Sand Ridge State Forest lost about to a fire caused by a man burning brush in high winds which sparked the trees.


Kootenai National Forest

The Kootenai National Forest is a national forest located in the far northwestern section of Montana and the northeasternmost lands in the Idaho panhandle in the United States, along the Canada–US border. Of the administered by the forest, less than 3 percent is located in the state of Idaho. Forest headquarters are located in Libby, Montana. There are local ranger district offices in Eureka, Fortine, Libby, Trout Creek, and Troy, Montana. About 53 percent of the Cabinet Mountains Wilderness is located within the forest, with the balance lying in neighboring Kaniksu National Forest.
Snowshoe Peak in the Cabinet Mountains Wilderness, at , is the highest peak within the forest. Mountain ranges included in the forest include the Whitefish, Purcell, Bitterroot, Salish, and Cabinet ranges.
The Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail traverses the Forest. More than of the trail are within the Kootenai.
The Kootenai and the Clark Fork rivers are the major rivers and are fed by abundant rainfall that is more than double that amount found elsewhere in Montana. Three major hydroelectric dams exist in the Kootenai National Forest. Libby Dam on the Kootenai River creates a -long lake known as Lake Koocanusa (a play on Kootenai-Canada-United States of America), which extends into Canada. The shores of the lake are all forested with no private property easements. The lowest elevation in Montana is where the Kootenai River leaves the state, above sea level. Other rivers in the forest include the Yaak, Fisher, Tobacco and Vermillion, with water flowing from over 100 lakes.
The climate of the Kootenai has been described as "modified Pacific maritime" in character, meaning that compared to the remainder of Montana, this area's climate resembles that found along the Pacific coast. The character becomes "modified" by occasional intrusions of arctic air masses, more common elsewhere in Montana, which can bring winter temperatures down to . Winters also feature heavy snowfalls in the mountains.
Access into the forest is via U.S. Highway 2, U.S. Highway 93, and Montana State Highways 37, 56, 200, and 508.
The national forest is located overwhelmingly (almost 95 percent) in Lincoln County, Montana, but extends into neighboring counties. In descending order of forestland area, they are Flathead County in Montana, Bonner and Boundary counties in Idaho, and Sanders County in Montana.


Stillingia salpingadenia

Stillingia salpingadenia is a species of flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It is native to northeast Argentina, Bolivia, west-central Brazil, and Paraguay.
It was originally described by Johannes Müller Argoviensis as "Sapium salpingadenia" in 1863 and moved to the genus "Stillingia" by Jacques Huber in 1906.


WEGO Niagara Falls Visitor Transportation

WEGO Visitor Transportation System (WEGO) is a bus system in Niagara Falls, Ontario jointly operated by Niagara Falls Transit and the Niagara Parks Commission. It replaced Niagara Falls Transit's Falls Shuttle, as well as the Niagara Parks Commission People Mover. Originally scheduled to launch on June 29, 2012, the service's inauguration was postponed due to delays in its buses' intelligent transportation system. WEGO launched its preview service on August 13, 2012, then finally began official operations, a week later, on August 20
WEGO is a pairing of the words "we" and "go", conveying the meaning of friendship and social activity, as well as adventure and exploration.
Fares and Connections.
Fares.
"Fares are accurate as of September 7, 2020. The Niagara-on-the-Lake Shuttle is currently not operating due to the COVID-19 pandemic."
Adventure and Magic Passes.
The Adventure Pass (for peak season) and the Magic Pass (for off-peak season) contain a free 48-hour pass for WEGO. Since the "actual" passes can only be redeemed at the welcome centres, authorized sellers of the Adventure and Magic Passes outside the welcome centres instead give vouchers to each paid customer, allowing them to ride the WEGO bus for free to finally redeem their Adventure or Magic Pass at the nearest welcome centre. Online buyers of these passes also undergo the same procedure: they must show their printed vouchers to ride the WEGO bus for free to get their respective passes at the nearest welcome centre.
Connections and Transfers.
There is partial fare integration between WEGO and the regular local Niagara Falls Transit service. Monthly passholders of regular local Niagara Falls Transit service are allowed to connect to WEGO for free. However, 10-ride passholders, day passholders, and single-ride passengers must pay a separate WEGO fare. Passengers connecting from Niagara Region Transit must also pay a separate WEGO fare. On the other hand, both WEGO passes (24-hour and 48-hour) are accepted at local Niagara Falls Transit buses, but not at Niagara Region buses.
WEGO also connects with inter-regional transit customers using GO Transit, VIA Rail, and Coach Canada via the Green Line. GO Transit stations along the Niagara excursion train sell WEGO passes when the train is in operation.
At Fort George National Historic Site, passengers can connect to Niagara-on-the-Lake Transit's Heritage-Old Town route. Passengers can also connect to GO Transit's Route 11 at King and Pitcon Streets, which is a short distance from Fort George.
Routes.
Blue Line.
Despite its convoluted routing, the Blue Line serves the most popular attractions in the city. At the northern half of the route, the Blue Line runs as a counter-clockwise semi-loop serving Clifton Hill as well as Victoria Avenue. Once it reaches Murray Street, the route becomes a north-south route serving the Fallsview tourist area, running along Fallsview Boulevard, Stanley Avenue, and Portage Road. The Blue Line also serves the city's major hotels and landmarks, as well as its two major casinos. During the peak season, it also extends service to Marineland. The route is operated by Niagara Falls Transit.
Between the end of June and Labour Day, Blue Line runs every 15 minutes until approximately 9:30 pm, shortly after Marineland closes, then performs a short-turn at the Socitabank Convention Centre, running every 20 minutes until the end of service. During the shoulder peak season, it runs every 30 minutes during weekends until 7 pm coinciding with Marineland's operating hours, every 20 minutes during weekdays, and every 40 minutes during evenings when Marineland is not in operation. During the off-peak season, it only services the convention centre, running every 20 minutes during the day and 40 minutes during the evening.
Stops.
Counterclockwise semi-loop section stops:
North-south section stops:
Red Line.
The Red Line serves the Lundy's Lane corridor, which hosts many hotels, campsites and retail stores, the most notable being Canada One Factory Outlets. Like the Blue Line, this route is also operated by Niagara Falls Transit.
Between the end of June and Labour Day, Red Line runs every 30 minutes until past midnight. During the rest of the year, it runs every 30 minutes during the day and every 60 minutes during the evening.
Green Line.
The Green Line encompasses the former route of Niagara Parks Commission People Mover, running along the Niagara Parkway corridor. It is operated by Niagara Parks Commission. Green Line is the only route that crosses the municipal boundary, allowing service to Queenston at the neighbouring Niagara-on-the-Lake. During the peak season, it runs between the Rapidsview Parking Lot and the Queenston Heights Park. Meanwhile, during the fall, winter, and early spring, southbound service ends at Table Rock and northbound service ends at the Floral Clock, just like its predecessor route.
Green Line runs every 12 minutes between the end of June and Labour Day and every 20 minutes during the rest of the year. No evening service is provided throughout the year.
Niagara-on-the-Lake Shuttle.
The Niagara-on-the-Lake Shuttle is an additional route implemented during the 2013 peak season, running along the northern segment of the Niagara Parkway corridor between Fort George and the Floral Clock, which becomes the most direct route between Niagara-on-the-Lake and Niagara Falls. Like the Green Line, it is also operated by Niagara Parks Commission.
The NOTL shuttle runs every 90 minutes during the peak season only, and is subject to a fare surcharge (see Fares section).
Fleet.
WEGO has a fleet of 20 articulated (60 ft) and 7 standard (40 ft) buses. All vehicles are owned by Niagara Falls Transit, who also operates 16 of them on the Blue and Red Lines. The remaining 11 are leased to Niagara Parks Commission for the Green Line.
WEGO incorporates intelligent transportation systems (ITS) to its bus operations, which allows the following:


Verticordia muelleriana

Verticordia muelleriana is a flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an openly branched shrub with relatively large, egg-shaped to circular leaves and long spikes of deep maroon coloured flowers in spring and early summer.
Description.
"Verticordia muelleriana" is a shrub which grows to a height of up to with a single main branch with a few side branches. Its leaves are egg-shaped to almost circular, long and have thin edges.
The flowers are arranged in spikes along the branches, opening in sequence from the lowest flowers, each flower on a stalk about long. The floral cup is top-shaped, long, glabrous and slightly rough with green appendages about long. The sepals are a deep maroon colour, spreading, long and have 8 or 9 feathery lobes and two large, hairy, ear-like appendages. The petals are a similar colour, erect, long, wide with a fringe a further and also have small, hairy, ear-like appendages. The style is long, curved, and densely hairy near the tip. Flowering time is from September to January.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Verticordia muelleriana" was first formally described by Ernst Pritzel in 1904 from a specimen he collected between Watheroo and Coorow and the description was published in "Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie". The specific epithet ("muelleriana") honours Ferdinand von Mueller.
The names of two subspecies are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:
When Alex George reviewed the genus "Verticordia" in 1991, he placed this species in subgenus "Eperephes", section "Pennuligera" along with "V. chrysostachys", "V. lepidophylla", "V. aereiflora", "V. dichroma", "V. x eurardyensis", "V. comosa", "V. argentea", "V. albida", "V. fragrans", "V. venusta", "V. forrestii", "V. serotina", "V. oculata", "V. etheliana" and "V. grandis".
Distribution and habitat.
This verticordia grows in sand, sometimes with lateritic gravel, usually with other species of "Verticordia" in woodland and shrubland. It occurs between Coomberdale and Watheroo in the Avon Wheatbelt, Geraldton Sandplains and Jarrah Forest biogeographic regions.
Conservation.
Subspecies "muelleriana" is classified as "Priority Three" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife meaning that it is poorly known and known from only a few locations but is not under imminent threat. Subspecies "minor" is classified as "Priority Two" meaning that it is poorly known and from only one or a few locations.
Use in horticulture.
Both subspecies of this verticordia have been propagated from cuttings and by grafting onto "Chamelaucium uncinatum" rootstock but have been slow to establish in the garden. Those that have, proved to be hardy in sunny situations in a range of soil types.


Prosopis africana

Prosopis africana is a flowering plant species in the genus "Prosopis" found in Africa. Its common names include African mesquite, iron tree, "gele" (Malinke) (traditional djembe wood) or "somb" tree.
In the Serer creation myth, it is one of the sacred trees that grew not just first, but also within the primordial swamp on Earth.
Seeds of "P. africana" are used in Nigeria to prepare daddawa, kpaye or okpeye, fermented products used as food condiments. Several species of bacteria especially "Bacillus subtilis", "Bacillus licheniformis", "Bacillus megaterium", "Staphylococcus epidermidis" and "Micrococcus" spp were found to be the most actively involved organisms in the production of okpiye. Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes of selected strains representative of the major clusters revealed that the Bacillus strains associated with okpehe fermentation were "B. subtilis", "B. amyloliquefaciens", "B. cereus" and "B. licheniformis" (in decreasing order of incidence). The presence of enterotoxin genes in all "B. cereus" strains was demonstrated by multiplex PCR. The high incidence of detection (20%) of possibly pathogenic "B. cereus" strains that contained enterotoxin genes indicated that these fermented foods may constitute a potential health risk.
The seeds also produce a gum.
The plant produces the alkaloids prosopine and prosopinine.


Penicillium lapidosum

Penicillium lapidosum is an anamorph species of the genus of "Penicillium" which produces patulin.


Allium tubiflorum

Allium tubiflorum is a plant species native to China (Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan) at elevations less than 2000 m.
"Allium tubiflorum" is one of the few species of "Allium" lacking the characteristic onion/garlic scent. It produces bulbs that are solitary, round to egg-shaped, up to 20 cm across. Scapes are up to 40 cm tall. Leaves are tubular, up to 3 mm across, about the same length as the scapes. Umbels have a few red or purple flowers.


Leucophyllum frutescens

Leucophyllum frutescens is an evergreen shrub in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae, native to the state of Texas in the southwestern United States and the states of Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas in northern Mexico. Although commonly known as Texas sage, it is not a true sage and is distinct from the genus "Salvia". The species is also called Texas Ranger, Texas rain sage, cenizo, Texas silverleaf, Texas barometerbush, ash-bush, wild lilac, purple sage, senisa, cenicilla, palo cenizo, or hierba del cenizo.
The solitary axillary flowers are bell- or funnel-shaped, with five lobes and two lips. This species is found in rocky, calcareous soils.
Cultivation.
Texas sage is a popular ornamental plant, commonly used for edge and area plantings in warmer and drier areas; it requires minimal water, is easily shaped into hedges, and blooms over the entire surface. It is available in a variety of cultivars, including 'Green Cloud', 'White Cloud', 'Compacta', 'Convent', and 'Bert-Star'.
Ecology.
"L. frutescens" is a host plant for the caterpillars of the theona checkerspot ("Chlosyne theona") and calleta silkmoth
("Eupackardia calleta").


Warnstorfia fluitans

Warnstorfia fluitans, the floating hook-moss or water hook-moss, is a species of moss found in acidic habitats across all continents except Antarctica.
Description.
"Warnstorfia fluitans" is a medium-sized moss ranging in color from green to yellowish to brownish and can be rarely red when the species occurs in exposed habitats. The cells of its stem epidermis are not widened, and its pseudoparaphyllia are ovate-triangular to lanceolate in shape. It has axillary hairs with a distal portion of one to four cells, the hairs being hyaline when young. Its stem leaves are narrowly ovate to triangularly ovate, with denticulate margins. Their apices are acuminate, and the costa range from 50-80% of the leaf length. Its alar regions are narrowly transversely triangular and roughly reach the costa. The moss is sexually autoicous.
"Warnstorfia fluitans" is distinguished from "Warnstorfia pseudostraminea", the other autoicous species in its genus, by its more broadly triangular alar groups and more straight to slightly falcate stem leaves with hooked apices. However, these morphological features are inconsistent in "W. pseudostraminea", and rarely certain occurrences of "W. fluitans have the same characteristics.
"Warnstorfia fluitans" is excellent at phytofiltration of arsenic from water.
Distribution and habitat.
"Warnstorfia fluitans" commonly occurs in minerally poor or acidic habitats, though it can occasionally occur in nutrient rich areas. It is often found in fens, bogs, depressions in rocks, on moist rocky surfaces, and other similar watery areas ranging in elevation from . It can grow among "Sphagnum cuspidatum".
The moss can be found throughout Canada and the northern United States, variously in South America, Australia, and Eurasia, in southern and eastern Africa, and on islands in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans.


Kokia drynarioides

Kokia drynarioides, commonly known as Hawaiian tree cotton, is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family, Malvaceae, that is endemic to the Big Island of Hawaii. It inhabits dry forests at elevations of . Associated plants include āheahea ("Chenopodium oahuense"), aalii ("Dodonaea viscosa"), hala pepe ("Pleomele hawaiiensis"), wiliwili ("Erythrina sandwicensis"), uhiuhi ("Caesalpinia kavaiensis"), kōlea ("Myrsine lanaiensis"), aiea ("Nothocestrum latifolium"), kuluī ("Nototrichium sandwicense"), ālaa ("Pouteria sandwicensis"), ohe kukuluāeo ("Reynoldsia sandwicensis"), māmane ("Sophora chrysophylla"), and maua ("Xylosma hawaiiense" var. "hillebrandii"). It is threatened by habitat loss and competition with invasive species, such as Fountain Grass ("Pennisetum setaceum").


Oreobolus pectinatus

Oreobolus pectinatus (common names - Comb sedge, cushion sedge, flat-leaved comb sedge) is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family that is native to the subantarctic islands, and to the North and South Islands of New Zealand. The specific epithet derives from the Latin, "pectin/pectinis," ("comb-shaped/like a comb"), and refers to the leaves.
Description.
"Oreobolus pectinatus" is a perennial sedge which forms dense cushions growing from 10 to 100 mm high. The stems are densely packed, much branched at base, leafy. Median nerve and two lateral nerves of the leaves are visible at widest part of lamina, while on the adaxial only the median nerve is prominent. Both surfaces of the lamina have abundant stomata. The sheath is not lobed at the apex and has 5 to 7 nerves. The spikelets are usually solitary and the mature peduncle is usually longer than the leaves. There are usually 3 glumes (sometimes 4), with the occasional fourth glume being smaller. The fruit, a nut, is initially colourless, but matures to a red-brown, almost black colour. It is greater than 1 mm long and less than 1 mm diameter.
It flowers from October to December, and fruits from November to April.
Distribution.
The plant is found on New Zealand's Antipodean Islands,and the North South Islands of New Zealand.
Habitat.
It is a coastal to alpine species (found up to 1500 m above sea level), occurring at sea level only in the southern South Island, and on Stewart, Auckland and Campbell Islands. It is common in cushion bogs, alpine seepages and mires.
Conservation status.
In both 2009 and 2012 it was deemed to be "Not Threatened" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, and this classification was reaffirmed in 2018.


Gamochaeta antillana

Gamochaeta antillana, the Delicate everlasting, is a species of flowering plant in the sunflower family. It is native to the Greater Antilles and to the southeastern United States (from Florida to Louisiana). It has also become naturalized in other places (South America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Texas, California, the Carolinas, etc.).
"Gamochaeta antillana" is an annual herb up to tall, producing a taproot. Leaves are up to long. The plant forms many small flower heads in elongated arrays and also in tightly packed clumps. Each head contains 3–5 purple disc flowers but no ray flowers.
"Gamochaeta antillana" is similar to "G. falcata," and many "Gamochaeta antillana" specimens from the eastern United States have long been misidentified as "G. falcata."


Bishopella laciniosa

Bishopella laciniosa, or Bishop's harvestman, is a species of armoured harvestman in the family Phalangodidae. It is found in North America.


Prescott National Forest

The Prescott National Forest is a 1.25 million-acre (510,000 ha) United States National Forest located in north central Arizona in the vicinity of Prescott. The forest is located in the mountains southwest of Flagstaff and north of Phoenix in Yavapai County, with a small portion (about 3.5 percent) extending into southwestern Coconino County.
The Forest Service divides the forest into 3 administrative districts. The northern section of the forest is the Chino Valley Ranger District, the southwest section is the Bradshaw Ranger District, and the southeast section is the Verde Ranger District. Central administrative offices are in Prescott with local ranger district offices in Camp Verde, Chino Valley, and Prescott.
Wilderness.
There are eight designated wilderness areas comprising more than , located entirely or partially within the Prescott National Forest. These are:
Campgrounds.
The following table(s) display all public campgrounds within the Prescott National Forest.
Dispersed campsites.
Dispersed campsites are undeveloped and no facilities such as trash collection, water and toilets are available. Recommended for experienced campers.
Dispersed camping is allowed in wide areas of the Forest except in the Prescott Basin area. Dispersed campsite locations in that area are listed below.
Family campgrounds.
Developed campsites designed to accommodate families of 5-10 (maximum) per site.
History.
The Prescott Forest Reserve was established by the General Land Office on May 10, 1898. It was transferred to the U.S. Forest Service in 1906 and became a National Forest on March 4, 1907. On July 1, 1908, it absorbed Verde National Forest, and on October 22, 1934, it absorbed Tusayan National Forest.


Monte Sano State Park

Monte Sano State Park is a publicly owned recreation area and mountaintop retreat encompassing on the eastern portion of the top and slopes of Monte Sano Mountain on the east side of Huntsville, Alabama. The state park has 1930s-era, Civilian Conservation Corps–built rustic cottages, hiking trails and picnic areas with scenic overlooks, and modern campsites. It is managed by the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources.
History.
The name "Monte Sano" derives from the Spanish for "mountain of health" and is the eponymous name of the mountain that is the main feature of the park. The name reflects the 19th-century tradition of sending diphtheria, cholera and yellow fever sufferers to retreats on the mountain. A week's stay at the Hotel Monte Sano, a three-story Queen Anne–style luxury health resort with 233 rooms that opened in 1877, cost $11 and included amusements like bowling, horseback riding, croquet and lawn tennis. A railway line built to carry patients up the mountain ran from 1888 to 1896 before going bankrupt. Remnants of the line may be seen in the adjoining Monte Sano Nature Preserve operated by the Land Trust of North Alabama. The development of vaccines and treatments ended the era of health trips to the mountain.
Workers with the Civilian Conservation Corps developed the park in the 1930s, constructing an amphitheater, lodge, and rustic cottages built in the Arts and Crafts style. The park officially opened on August 25, 1938. It was added to the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage in 1996.
Awards.
In September 2020, Monte Sano State Park was one of eleven Alabama State Parks awarded Tripadvisor’s Traveler’s Choice Award, which recognizes businesses and attractions that earn consistently high user reviews.
In popular culture.
The song "c u in da ballpit" by the band Camping in Alaska references the park.


Peteetneet Creek

Peteetneet Creek is a stream in Payson Canyon, south of Payson, Utah, United States.
Description.
The creek was named after the Timpanogos Chief Peteetneet who lived near it. Its source is located at , the confluence of Shram Creek and an unnamed creek that flows through the Frank Young Canyon. Rather than flow north into Utah Lake, the creek ends shortly after entering Payson (just south of the intersection of South 300 East and East 600 South). However, older maps indicate that it previously ran a bit further north to the north side of East 200 South (north of the Memorial Park).
History.
Peteetneet Creek was a good camping spot on the Mormon Road, a Mormon pioneer and 49er wagon route between Salt Lake City, Utah and Los Angeles, California. The Latter-day Saints first settled in Payson in 1850. After improvements were made to the Mormon Road wagon route in 1855, it had become what was known as the Los Angeles - Salt Lake Road. This was a wagon freight route used each year from late fall through winter into early spring, between Southern California and Utah, isolated by the winter snows in the Sierra Nevada Mountains from San Francisco and by the Rocky Mountains from the rest of the United States to the east. This route remained the only winter season route to the outside world, until the arrival of the railroad in Utah in the late 1860s.


Atrocybe loricelliformis


Santa Susana tarweed


Steriphoma peruvianum

Steriphoma" "peruvianum is a species of flowering plant in the Capparaceae family. It is native to Peru.


Epitriche

Epitriche is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family.
There is only one known species, "Epitriche demissus", endemic to Western Australia.


Senghasiella glaucifolia


Meathop Moss

Meathop Moss is a raised bog located north of Meathop in Cumbria, England. Protected as a nature reserve by the Cumbria Wildlife Trust, Meathop Moss is notable for its insect life.
In 1965 it was designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest under the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949. Along with two other raised bogs near the Kent estuary, it has been included in the Witherslack Mosses Special Area of Conservation which was designated in 2005.
Etymology.
Meathop is a locality near the village of Lindale. "Moss" is a dialect word meaning bog.
History.
The bog developed above a shingle beach after the last glaciation.
Charles Rothschild and the "Rothschild List".
The site was identified by the entomologist Charles Rothschild (1877–1923) as being of ecological importance. He was particularly interested in the site as the habitat of the large heath butterfly and the silver-studded blue. This was to lead to the creation of the nature reserve in 1919. Other than the prevention of the over-collection of butterflies, the reserve did not have a management plan.
According to an article in "Cumbrian Wildlife", the magazine of the Cumbria Wildlife Trust, the creation of the reserve was not driven by conservation in the modern sense, it was an example of rich collectors protecting their collecting sites from the riff-raff. However a more positive assessment could be made of the overall achievement of Rothschild in relation to conservation.
In 1899 Rothschild (at the age of 22) bought Wicken Fen and presented it to the National Trust: it was arguably Britain's first nature reserve.
He organized surveys of other sites deserving protection and a "Rothschild list" of 284 sites in Britain and Ireland, including Meathop Moss, was drawn up. It was published in 1915 by the Society for the Promotion of Nature Reserves (the forerunner of The Wildlife Trusts).
In the century after the surveys took place many of these habitats became degraded. Meathop Moss received more protection than most, being leased by the society as a nature reserve.
SSSI.
In 1965 it was designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest.
Cumbria Wildlife Trust.
The Cumbria Wildlife Trust, which was created in the 1960s as the Lake District Naturalists' Trust, took on the reserve. However, the Trust did not purchase the reserve until 1998. It was helped by the Heritage Lottery Fund.


Euphorbia pellegrinii

Euphorbia pellegrinii is a species of plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The species was first described by Jacques Leandri in 1947, and the specific epithet, "pellegrinii", honours François Pellegrin.


Brissopsis elongata

Brissopsis elongata is a species of sea urchins of the Family Brissidae. Their armour is covered with spines. Brissopsis elongata was first scientifically described in 1907 by Ole Theodor Jensen Mortensen.


Tagetes nelsonii

Tagetes nelsonii is a Mexican species of marigold in the sunflower family. It is native to Guatemala and to the State of Chiapas in southern Mexico.
"Tagetes nelsonii" is a hairless annual herb from 50 cm (20 inches) to 2m (6 feet) tall. Leaves are pinnately compound with 3-7 leaflets. The plant produces numerous small flower heads in a flat-topped array, each containing 5-6 yellow ray florets surrounding 9-12 greenish-yellow disc florets. Also known as the citrus scented marigold, "'Tagetes nelsonii" is considered an edible flower and is often eaten raw.
External links.
The National Gardening Association Plant Database


Ravensbourne National Park

Ravensbourne is a national park in Ravensbourne and Buaraba in South East Queensland, Australia, 33 km west of Esk. It is a small scenic park on the Great Dividing Range within the Lockyer Creek water catchment area and overlooking the Lockyer Valley. Small remnants of the rainforest and wet eucalypt forest that once covered this part of the Great Dividing Range are preserved in Ravensbourne National Park. Red soils of the park's west and south-west support rainforest that includes eucalypt species as well as palms, vines and ferns. Sandy soils of the park's eastern section support open eucalypt forest. The park is situated in the water catchment areas of the Brisbane River and Lockyer Creek.
Fauna.
A total of four rare or threatened species have been recorded in the park. More than 80 species of birds have been recorded in the park.


Tygart Lake State Park

Tygart Lake State Park sits on along the shores of Tygart Lake in Taylor County near Grafton, West Virginia, United States.


Lone Pine State Park

Lone Pine State Park is a public recreation area on the southwest side of Kalispell, Montana, United States. The day-use state park's include of trails for hiking, mountain biking, snowshoeing, and horseback riding.
History.
The park's original 162 acres were donated to the state in 1941 by Ernest and Hazel White. The Whites stipulated that the land be developed for public use and to teach an appreciation for the benefits of conservation.


Clavulina ornatipes

Clavulina ornatipes is a species of coral fungus in the family Clavulinaceae. First described as "Clavaria ornatipes" by Charles Horton Peck in 1908, it was transferred to "Clavulina" by E.J.H. Corner in 1950.


Goniothalamus tamirensis

Goniothalamus tamirensis is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Cambodia, Laos, Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam. The French botanists J.B. Louis Pierre and François Gagnepain, who first formally described the species, named it after the region in Cambodia it was collected from, which they record as “monts Tamir”.
Description.
It is a small tree reaching 3-4 meters in height. Its young branches have dense red, velvety hairs. Older branches are black. Its densely hairy petioles are 7-8 millimeter long and have a channel. Its elliptical leaves are 12-17 by 3.7-4.7 centimeters with tips that taper to a point and bases that taper to their petioles. The upper surfaces of the leaves are hairless, the undersides have red wooly hairs. Its flowers are solitary or in pairs and are born on rudimentary, 5 millimeter-long peduncles that occur in axillary positions. Its 3 triangular sepals are fused at the base. The sepals are hairless inside and have rust-colored hairs on their outer surface. Its flowers have 6 petals in two rows of three. The fleshy, lance-shaped outer petals come to a gentle tapering point and are covered in red hairs except for a concave portion of the inner surface at the base. The rhomboidal inner petals come to a shallow point and are also covered in hairs except an patch on the top of the inner surface. Its flowers have numerous stamen with anthers that dehisce longitudinally. The connective tissue between the lobes of the anthers extends upward and outward to form a fleshy head. Its fruit have multiple hairless carpels with, wedge-shaped styles, 1-2 ovules each, and outwardly glandular tips that are recurved and have a ventral suture. Its oval, hairless fruit are up to 3 centimeters long.
Reproductive biology.
The pollen of "G. tamirensis" is shed as permanent tetrads.
Habitat and distribution.
It has been observed growing in dry evergreen forests at elevations of 10-500 meters.
Uses.
Bioactive molecules extracted from its leaves have been reported to have mitogenic activity in tests with cultured mouse osteoblasts.


Buchanania macrocarpa

A tree in the Anacardiaceae family, Buchanania macrocarpa is native to an area in the southwest Pacific from the Solomon Islands to the northern Maluku Islands.
Description.
The tree has greyish-black, quite thick, scaly dead bark, while the living bark is red when a blaze/slash is made.
There is a large drooping crown with horizontal branches.
Distribution.
The plant is native to an area from the Solomon Islands to the northern Maluku islands. Countries and regions that it occurs in are: Solomon Islands; Papua Niugini (PNG, including Bismarck Archipelago); Indonesia (West Papua, northern Maluku Islands).
Habitat and ecology.
The species favours wet or marshy places.
In the forests around the Hindenberg Wall, PNG, this tree is common in the primary lower montane forest at 1495–1770m altitude. This type of forest has a canopy dominated by "Syzygium versteegii" and "S. effusum", with other common canopy taxa being "B. macrocarpa", "Campnosperma brevipetiolatum", "Opocunonia nymanii", "Pimelodendron amboinicum", "Planchonella" and "Calophyllum" trees while scattered individuals of "Pandanus" are another characteristic of the forest type.
In the Crater Mountain Wildlife Management Area, Eastern Highlands Province, PNG, within hill forest, the species provides food for the cockatoo "Probosciger aterrimus", (Palm cockatoo).
In the village forests of Negeri Saleman, north Seram Island, Indonesia, the tree occurs as a shade tree in "Theobroma cacao"/cacoa and coffee plantations and in forest harvested for resin. It also grows in the secondary forest of the area.
Uses.
The Yachai people of Mappi Regency, West Papua, use the good quality wood to make medium-sized boats.
The people of Negeri Saleman, north Seram Island, Indonesia use the wood for a variety of house construction elements, including the framework, roof supports and frames, ridges and doors, as well as a shade tree in plantations.
History.
The species was first described by the German botanist and explorer Carl Adolf Georg Lauterbach (1864-1937), who explored at the end of the Nineteenth Century the area then known as Kaiser-Wilhelmsland (part of German New Guinea, now part of Papua Niugini. He described the taxa in 1920 in the periodical "Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" (Leipzig).
Taxonomic note.
There is a similarly named taxa "Buchanania macrocarpa" Merr. ex Setch., which this is not, the Merrill taxa is now a synonym for " Buchanania merrillii" Christoph.


Peel Forest Park Scenic Reserve

The Peel Forest Park Scenic Reserve is a forest reserve in the Canterbury region in the South Island of New Zealand. It is located near the Rangitata River and is in the foothills of the Southern Alps. The park is managed by the Department of Conservation as a scenic reserve, not a forest park.
Etymology.
The forest was named by Francis Jollie, who settled in the area in late 1853. Jollie had named the forest after Sir Robert Peel, the British Prime Minister of the United Kingdom who had died in 1850, the year that Canterbury was founded. The adjacent mountain and the nearby community of Peel Forest also took Peel's name.
Flora and fauna.
The Peel Forest is the remnant of a large "Podocarpaceae" forest. The three major tree types are the kahikatea (white pine), tōtara and matai (black pine). Logging reduced the forest to its current size. For his lengthy botanical study of Mount Peel, Harry Allan was awarded a Doctor of Science in 1923.
The forest is also home to many birds including kererū, fantail "("pīwakawaka), and tomtit (miromiro).
Activities.
Tramping is a popular activity in the park. There are several short walks, tramps, and one longer route that leads to the summit of Little Mount Peel.


Acianthera appendiculata

Acianthera appendiculata is a species of orchid plant native to the Dominican Republic.


Aechmea tessmannii

Aechmea tessmannii is a plant species in the genus "Aechmea". This species is native to Ecuador, Peru, and Colombia.
Cultivars.
Numerous cultivars are grown as ornamentals, including


Globifomes

Globifomes is a fungal genus in the family Polyporaceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single North American species Globifomes graveolens, commonly known as sweet knot. This fungus is found fruiting singly or in groups on trunks or logs of hardwood trees, primarily oaks. The fruit body consists of a mass of small overlapping hoof-shaped caps arising from a common core. It is initially dull yellow-brown with tan petal-shaped margins, aging to dark brown.
Taxonomy.
"Globifomes" was circumscribed by William Alphonso Murrill in 1904. The type was originally described as "Boletus graveolens" by Lewis David de Schweinitz in 1822. The type specimen was collected in Georgia and sent to Schweinitz for identification. The generic name combines the Latin word "globus" ("globe") with the name "Fomes".
"Polyporus botryoides", described by Joseph-Henri Léveillé in 1846, was deemed by Murrill to be "probably not distinct" from "Globifomes graveolens".
The common name of the fungus, sweet knot, refers to the odor of some specimens of freshly cut tissue. Most fruit bodies, however, do not have this odor.
Description.
Murrill described the characteristics of the genus as follows: "Hymenophore large, woody, encrusted, perennial, epixylous, compound; context ferruginous, pinky, tubes cylindrical, thick-walled, stratose; spores ovoid, smooth, ferruginous."
The fruit bodies of the fungus measure between wide and tall, and consist of small overlapping stipe-less caps originating from a central core. Caps have a leathery to rigid texture with a slightly velvety surface and radial wrinkles on the edges. Adjacent caps can be fused together and have petal-shaped projecting margins. Initially dull yellow-brown with a tan margin, they mature to become dark brown to greyish black in age. The fibrous and tough flesh is yellowish brown and up to thick. The pore surface, initially purplish gray before turning dark grayish brown, comprises small circular pores numbering 3–5 per millimeter.
Spores produced by the fungus are cylindrical, thin walled, hyaline (translucent), and measure 10–14 by 3–4.5 μm. They are inamyloid. "Globifomes" produces a brown spore print.
Habitat and distribution.
"Globifomes" causes a white rot in the heartwood of broadleaf trees. The fungus is most commonly found in oak (Murrill noted a preference for water oak), but it also occurs on beech. Fruit bodies grow on both living and dead trees.


Dorstenia roigii

Dorstenia roigii is a plant species in the family Moraceae which is native to Cuba.


Agnorhiza elata

Agnorhiza elata (syn. "Wyethia elata") is a species of flowering plants known by the common name Hall's mule's ears. It is endemic to California, where it is known only from a section of the central Sierra Nevada foothills. It occurs primarily in a region stretching from Tuolumne County to Fresno County, but a few isolated populations have been found in Tulare County.
Description.
"Agnorhiza elata" occurs in woodlands and pine forests. It is a perennial herb growing from a thick taproot and caudex unit. The hairy stem grows erect to a maximum height around one meter. The leaves have triangular blades up to 20 centimeters long. They are coated in woolly hairs and resin glands, and the edges are smooth or slightly serrated. The inflorescence is made up of one or more flower heads. The head has lance-shaped phyllaries and has up to 20 yellow ray florets which can be up to 6 centimeters long. The fruit is an achene over a centimeter long tipped with a pappus.


Pultenaea skinneri

Pultenaea skinneri (skinner's pea) is a pea which is endemic to Western Australia. It is a member of the Fabaceae family. There are no synonyms.
The species was first formally described by botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in 1874 in "Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae", from a type specimen collected by Mary Ann McHard on the Blackwood River in south-western Western Australia. The specific epithet, "skinneri", honours George Skinner, the typesetter/printer who laboured to create these volumes presented to the Victorian government.


Toklat River

The Toklat River () is an tributary of the Kantishna River in central Alaska in the United States It drains an area on the north slope of the Alaska Range on the south edge of the Tanana Valley southwest of Fairbanks. It issues from unnamed glaciers in the northern Alaska Range in Denali National Park and Preserve, northeast of Denali. It flows generally northwest through hilly country to the tundra to the north of the Alaska Range.
The river was described as the "Toclat" by Lt. H.T. Allen in 1885. Other names or variants include "Tootl'ot Huno", "Tootl'ot Huno' Hutl'ot", "Tootl'ot No' " and "Tutlut River".
Depth of 50 ft, width of 25 ft


Beaver Dam State Park (Illinois)

Beaver Dam State Park is an Illinois state park on in Macoupin County, Illinois in the United States. The park is southwest of Carlinville, Illinois and is managed by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) as a public place for fishing.
The state park centers on the Beaver Dam Lake, an artificial reservoir which was created by a private Carlinville fishing club in the 1890s. The club later became a private resort which catered to visitors who arrived via the adjacent Chicago and Alton Railroad. During the Great Depression, the resort failed. The state of Illinois purchased the lake and some adjacent property in 1947. Additional land purchases have created the present-day Beaver Dam State Park.
The IDNR manages Beaver Dam Lake for the fishing of largemouth bass, bluegill, channel catfish, and sunfish. In addition, the park offers opportunities for the hunting of deer, wild turkey, and small game. There is a power limit for boats using the Beaver Dam Lake reservoir, with no gasoline-powered motors allowed.
Beaver Dam State Park preserves part of the historic oak-hickory forests that line upper Macoupin Creek. There are of hiking trails in the park. The reservoir and park drain into a tributary of Macoupin Creek.


Ponerorchis physoceras

Ponerorchis physoceras is a species of flowering plant in the family Orchidaceae, native to south-central China (north-west and west Sichuan).
Taxonomy.
The species was first described in 1924 by Rudolf Schlechter, as " Amitostigma physoceras". A molecular phylogenetic study in 2014 found that species of "Amitostigma", "Neottianthe" and "Ponerorchis" were mixed together in a single clade, making none of the three genera monophyletic as then circumscribed. "Amitostigma" and "Neottianthe" were subsumed into "Ponerorchis", with this species becoming "Ponerorchis physoceras".