Iris falcifolia

Iris falcifolia is a plant species in the genus "Iris", it is also in the subgenus "Iris" and in the section "Hexapogon". It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. It is a small plant, with sickle-shaped greyish-green leaves (hence the name), lilac-violet flowers and darker veining, and a white or yellow beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in dry, temperate regions.
Description.
It has a thick, short, rhizome, that produces nut-like segments, one per year, that spread to create small dense tufts of plants. On top of the rhizome are the fibrous remains of the previous seasons leaves, underneath are thick fleshy roots.
It has greyish-green (falcate) curved leaves, that are covered in very small hairs. They can grow up to long and 2–4 mm wide.
It is a dwarf plant, that has a stem (or peduncle) that can grow up to between long. The stem is hidden by 1–2 sheathing leaves.
The stems have 3–4 spathes (leaves of the flower bud), that are long. They are greenish tinted purplish, partially membranous, with a hyaline (clear and translucent) margin.
The stems hold short pedicels (flower stalks), and 2–5 flowers, in spring, between March and April.
The flowers are in diameter, come in shades of lilac-violet, and purple.
It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'. The falls are oblong or lanceolate-obovate shaped, and are long and 0.6-0.9 cm wide. They have a yellow, or whitish beard in the middle of the leaf. They have darker veining.
The standards are lanceolate, narrow, with a canaliculate (small channel) on the haft (section of the petal closest to the stem).
It has a small perianth tube, cm long, 1.0 cm long filaments, 1–1.5 cm long anthers, and a globose and crenulated (notched) stigma.
It has a pale lilac, and cm long style branches, which are keeled, and have narrow lobes which are 8mm long.
After the iris has flowered, it produces an oval seed capsule, which is long.
The seeds come out of the capsule via lateral slits, they are 5mm long and pear shaped.
They have a whitish, ring shaped aril (appendage), on the smaller end.
Biochemistry.
As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.
It has a chromosome count: 2n=18, which was discovered by Zakharyeva in 1985.
Taxonomy.
It is known in Pakistan as 'khakhobe'.
The Latin specific epithet "falcifolia" refers to 'sickle shaped leaves'.
It was found in 1847, in Baluchistan (Pakistan) near the Caspian Sea, by Alexander von Bunge.
It was first published and described by Alexander von Bunge in "Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Flora Russlands und der Steppen Central-Asiens" (Beitr. Fl. Russl.) Vol.329 on 7 November 1852.
It was also published in 'Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans' Vol.7 page505 in 1854. Later published in 1941, 'Flora Uzbek' Vol.1 page 510, in 1971 in 'Consp. Fl. As. Med.' Vol.2 page130 and by Wendelbo in 'Flora Iranica' Vol.112 page37 in 1975.
Later in 1913, William Rickatson Dykes, when he wrote his book the 'Genus Iris', placed the iris in the Regelia section. Then Lawrence in 1953 and Rodionenko in 1987 placed it in the Psammiris section. In 2004, Carol Wilson carried out a study on various irises including "Iris falcifolia". She thought that the iris was misplaced and that it had a bulb instead of a rhizome, so should be placed with the Juno (Scorpiris) section.
In 2011, a molecular study was carried out and replaced the iris back within the Hexapogon section.
It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 2 October 2014.
Iris falcifolia is an accepted name by the RHS.
Distribution and habitat.
"Iris falcifolia" is native to temperate and tropical regions of central Asia.
Range.
It is found in temperate regions of Afghanistan, Iran, (in the former states of USSR), in Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan.
It is found in the tropical region of Pakistan, (also known as 'Baluchistan').
They are specifically found in Kara Kum (desert) and Kyzyl Kum (desert) in Kazakhstan.
Habitat.
It grows on the clay soils of deserts.
They can be found at an altitude of above sea level.
Cultivation.
It is hardy to areas with hot dry summers and very cold, nearly dry winters.
It could be cultivated in zones similar to N America and parts of Australia.
It is occasionally grown in the UK but it is rare, also getting it to bloom is even rarer.
It shares a similar geographic range with the Regelia irises.
A specimen was sent to Paris Botanical Garden.
Toxicity.
Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), if mistakenly ingested can cause diarrhoea, stomach pains and vomiting.
The rhizome can also be toxic to domestic animals.
Uses.
"Iris falcifolia" is used as a purgative, an oil from the rhizomes was used as an ointment to treat rheumatism.
In Baluchistan (Pakistan), 10g of ground flowers (not just the pistils) are mixed with liquid yoghurt and then drunk in the mornings and evenings, as a herbal remedy for dysentery.


Eremophila phillipsii

Eremophila phillipsii is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is a tall, erect, open shrub, with narrow leaves and lilac to purple flowers which are white with purple spots inside. It often has an offensive smell.
Description.
"Eremophila phillipsii" is an erect, often wispy shrub which grows to a height of and often has a strong, offensive odour. Its branches are often weeping and are glabrous, covered with small raised glands, sticky and often shiny.
Its leaves are arranged alternately along the branches and are linear to elliptic in shape, long and wide, glabrous and sticky.
The flowers are usually borne singly or in groups of up to 3 in leaf axils on a hairy stalk, long. There are 5 slightly overlapping, hairy, green, lance-shaped sepals which are long. The petals are long and are joined at their lower end to form a tube. The petal tube is lilac-coloured or purple on the outside, and white with purple spots on the inside. The outer surface of the petal tube and lobes is covered with glandular hairs, the inside of the lobes is glabrous and the inside of the tube is woolly. The 4 stamens are fully enclosed in the petal tube. Flowering occurs from September to December and the fruits which follow are oval-shaped, glabrous and long.
Taxonomy and naming.
The species was first formally described by Ferdinand von Mueller in 1893 and the description was published in "Victorian Naturalist". The specific epithet ("phillipsii") honours .
Distribution and habitat.
"Eremophila phillipsii" is found in rocky places, including at the base of granite outcrops, between Hyden and the Fitzgerald River in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains and Mallee biogeographic regions.
Conservation.
This species is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
Use in horticulture.
This large shrub is very attractive in flower but it can give off a strong odour, so should be planted where this will not be a problem. It can be propagated from cuttings taken at any time of the year and grown in a wide range of soils, including heavy clay. It does best in full sun and is tolerant of both frost and long droughts but needs to be pruned from an early age to keep its shape compact.


Pycnanthemum curvipes

Pycnanthemum curvipes is a species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common name stone mountainmint. It is native to the Southeastern United States, where it is found in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and Tennessee. Its preferred habitat is dry, rocky woodlands and outcrops.
This species is rare throughout its range, and is only found in small numbers in widely dispersed populations. It produces corymbs of purple-spotted flowers in the summer.


Aechmea conifera

Aechmea conifera is a plant species in the genus "Aechmea". This species is endemic to the State of Bahia in eastern Brazil.


Eucalyptus consideniana

Eucalyptus consideniana, commonly known as yertchuk, is a species of plant in the myrtle family and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a tree with rough, fibrous, sometimes prickly bark on the trunk and larger branches, smooth grey bark above, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between eleven and nineteen, white flowers and conical to hemispherical fruit.
Description.
"Eucalyptus consideniana" is a tree that typically grows to a height of , or sometimes a mallee, that forms a lignotuber. It has grey, prickly, fibrous bark on the trunk and larger branches, smooth grey or yellowish bark that is shed in ribbons on the thinner branches. Young plants and coppice regrowth have sessile, green to bluish, egg-shaped to lance-shaped leaves that are long and wide. Adult leaves are the same glossy green to greyish green on both sides, lance-shaped to curved, long and wide. Flower buds are borne in leaf axils in groups of between eleven and nineteen on a peduncle long, the individual buds on a pedicel long. Mature buds are oval to club-shaped, long and wide. Flowering occurs between September and December and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody conical to hemispherical capsule long and wide on a pedicel long.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Eucalyptus consideniana" was first formally described in 1904 by Joseph Maiden from a specimen he collected in Springwood with Henry Deane. The description was published in "Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales". Maiden gave the species the specific epithet "consideniana" to honour "First-Assistant Surgeon D. Considen, one of the founders of Australia". Maiden also noted that "it would appear that Considen was the founder of the Eucalyptus oil industry."
Distribution and habitat.
Yertchuk usually grows in poorly drained soil in open forest and is found in areas between Sydney and Melbourne on the coast and nearby tablelands.


Father Hennepin State Park

Father Hennepin State Park is a state park of Minnesota, USA, located on the southeast corner of Mille Lacs Lake. The park is named after Father Louis Hennepin, a priest who visited the area with a French expedition in 1680. The park has 103 campsites and a sandy beach over one mile (1.6 km) long.
Wildlife.
Hawks, ospreys, owls, and eagles are common raptors found in this park. Mammalian tracks of beaver, raccoon, mink and deer are often seen by visitors in the soft earth or snow. Northern pike, walleye, bluegills, sunfish and bass swim around this park's lake. The aspen stands and small clearings are set up for ruffed grouse. Squirrels and chipmunks thrive in maple and oak stands. The small ponds and streams provide homes for amphibians and insects, which in turn attract larger fish, birds and mammals.
Cultural history.
Father Louis Hennepin, a Franciscan priest of the Recollet order, was dispatched to explore western New France in 1680. Hennepin is not thought to have been in the exact location of the park, but the park is named after him because he was the first to write extensively about the Mille Lacs area. He called the area Louisiana in honor of King Louis XIV of France. In the spring of 1680 he and two companions encountered a group of Dakota Native Americans and were captured, about from today's Father Hennepin State Park. Their release was negotiated eight months later by Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut. Throughout the experience, Father Hennepin kept a journal describing the lakes, rivers, landscapes, and the lifestyle of his hosts, the Mdewakanton Dakota. In 1683 his writings were published in the book "Description de la Louisiane".
Local advocates and Catholic groups were instrumental in getting the park established in the years before World War II. The Minnesota Legislature was reluctant to fund a new park, but when of tax-forfeited land were acquired at little cost, Father Hennepin State Memorial Park was authorized in 1941. However a provision was inserted into the bill barring any state funds from supporting the park for the first five years. County and local funds only went so far, and the park remained largely undeveloped until 1953 when the Minnesota state park system instituted an entrance fee.


Thousand Islands National Park

Thousand Islands National Park (established 1904), formerly known as the St. Lawrence Islands National Park, is located on the 1000 Islands Parkway in the Thousand Islands Region of the Saint Lawrence River. The islands are actually the worn-down tops of ancient mountains. This region, the Frontenac Axis, connects the Canadian Shield from Algonquin Park in Ontario to the Adirondack Mountains in New York.
The park consists of 21 islands plus many smaller islets, 2 mainland properties and a visitor centre at Mallorytown, Ontario on the mainland. It is one of Canada's smallest national parks with a total area of .
Much of the park is only accessible by boat. Trail systems can be found on the mainland along the 1000 Islands Parkway at Mallorytown Landing, Jones Creek and Landon Bay. There are picnic, camping and oTENTik facilities on several islands and at Mallorytown Landing. Mallorytown Landing is a day use area that offers a large parking, a boat ramp, several oTENTiks, picnic gazebos, play ground, animal exhibits, travelling exhibits, and interpreters.
The Frontenac Arch Biosphere Reserve, in which the park is located, is known for being the most biodiverse region in Canada.
History.
The first inhabitants of the park area are thought to have been hunting and fishing peoples who arrived following the last glacial period approximately 10,000 years ago. Many artifacts have been found in the park, including a 2500-year-old pot that was found by a diver in 1979. Pictographs are still visible on some shoreline cliffs despite damage due to acid rain and vandals.
By the early 17th century, the Iroquois people had put up large summer encampments on the riverbanks from which they fished the rich waters. Around this time they began to be visited by French explorers, fur traders, and missionaries following the St Lawrence river to seek their fortune in the new world. Following the American Revolution at the end of the 18th century, European settlers began moving into the area and the traditional fishing encampments were displaced. A few Iroquois still returned to fish, but by the 1860s fish stocks were greatly depleted.
During the War of 1812, the area of today's National Park was visited by both British and American warships. A British gunboat was sunk nearby and the preserved hull was raised in 1967. It now resides at the park. Martello towers were built in the area to defend the British from American invasion. Inside the park, Cedar Island, a small island visible from downtown Kingston, Ontario, is the site of a Martello tower named Cathcart Tower.
The park was established in 1904, the first Canadian national park east of the Rocky Mountains. It was called "St. Lawrence Islands National Park" until 2013, when it was renamed to "Thousand Islands National Park" to reflect the natural area in the name.
In 1997, the park was named one of the national parks with the highest levels of ecological impairment.
Fauna.
Animals that inhabit this national park are coyotes, deer, porcupines, beavers, foxes, skunks, raccoons, turkey vultures, rabbits, squirrels, chickadees, and weasels.


Diadema paucispinum

Diadema paucispinum, the long-spined sea urchin, is a species of sea urchin in the family Diadematidae. It is found in the western Indo-Pacific Ocean and in Hawaii and other east Pacific islands.
Description.
"Diadema paucispinum" is a small sea urchin with very long, moveable spines which are slender and sharply pointed. They can be up to long and about four times the diameter of the test. The primary spines are bluish-black in colour, often with pale bands in younger individuals. The shorter secondary ones are brittle and venomous and easily break off in the skin. There are photosensitive spots in the urchin's epidermis and if a shadow falls on the animal, it angles its secondary spines towards the intruder. These can cause a painful sting if they come into contact with bare skin. Near the apex of the test is a clearly visible anus surrounded by an orange ring and raised on a small projection. Radiating from this are five narrow, bright blue lines.
Distribution and habitat.
There are two mitochondrial clades of "Diadema paucispinum". One was originally considered to be limited to Hawaii but has now been found on Easter Island, Pitcairn, and Okinawa. The other one ranges from East Africa and Arabia to the Philippines and New Guinea. In shallow parts of the Red Sea this sea urchin is found on calcareous rocky shelves a few feet under the surface where it uses its spines to wedge itself into crevices and hollows in the rock. In Hawaii it is known as "wana" and is found on reef flats and gently shelving areas.
Ecology.
"Diadema paucispinum" is nocturnal and grazes on filamentous algae as it crawls over the rocks. Despite its formidable defensive armoury, "Diadema paucispinum" is preyed on by triggerfishes.
Stings.
Skin contact with this sea urchin should be avoided. An injury caused by the secondary spines should first be soaked in hot water to deactivate the toxins and later vinegar may help soften the spines. Surgical removal of spine tips that remain in the skin is difficult because of their fragility. Left alone they may gradually be absorbed into the tissues.


Carex chihuahuensis


Nemiskam National Park

Nemiskam National Park was created north of the community of Nemiskam (today a ghost town) in south central Alberta, Canada, in 1922. The park was closed and delisted in 1947. The first Park Superintendent was Edgar McHugh. Nemiskam is a First Nations word meaning "between two valleys", referring to the Chin Coulee and Etzikom Coulee on either side of the former community.
History.
Beginning in 1914, a large portion of the of land that would later form Nemiskam National Park was designated the Nemiskam National Antelope Reserve, to protect Pronghorn (often referred to as antelope). The area was one of many pronghorn reserves created in Alberta and Saskatchewan at that time.
Nemiskam National Park was one of several national parks created in the Canadian Prairies expressly to protect and regenerate dangerously low populations of bison and Pronghorn. Other 'regeneration' parks were Buffalo National Park and Wawaskesy National Park (both in Alberta) and Menissawok National Park in Saskatchewan.
With the rebound of pronghorn herds in southern Saskatchewan and Alberta, Nemiskam was closed in 1947, as the Buffalo (closed 1940), Wawaskesy (closed 1938) and Menissawok (closed 1930) 'regeneration' parks had been earlier. All four parks were delisted from the record of national parks in 1947, with the Nemiskam land returned to general use.


Acacia resinimarginea

Acacia resinimarginea is a tree or shrub belonging to the genus "Acacia" and the subgenus "Juliflorae" that is endemic to western Australia.
Description.
The tree or shrub typically grows to a height of with an erect habit and with straight trunks. It has glabrous and terete branchlets and resinous ribs when still immature. Like most species of "Acacia" it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The ascending to erect phyllodes have a linear shape and are quite straight and have a mostly rhombic cross-section with a length of and a width of . The glabrous phyllodes have a slightly recurved tapered point and resinous nerve at the apex of each of the four angles. It blooms from August to October producing yellow flowers. The simple inflorescences are found on stalks that are in length. The obloid to short-cylindrical flower-heads are in length and packed with golden flowers. The glabrous and chartaceous seed pods that form after flowering have a straight shape and are constricted between and raised over each of the seeds and have a length of up to and a wisth of around . The mottled brown seeds inside are arranged longitudinally. The seeds have an elliptic-oblong shape with a length of with a crested apical aril.
Distribution.
It is native to a large area in the Mid West and Wheatbelt region of Western Australia where it is often situated on undulating plains growing mostly in sandy but sometimes in loamy soils often as pure stands. It is found from around Perenjori in the west to around Kambalda in the south east and up to around Leonora in the north.


Iris sikkimensis

Iris sikkimensis is a plant species in the genus "Iris", it is also in the subgenus "Iris" and in the section "Pseudoregelia". It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Sikkim (a landlocked Indian state located in the Himalayan mountains). It has pale green or light green thin leaves, slender stem (similar height to the leaves), 2 or 3 lilac or purple flowers, with a white beard with orange tips. It is thought to be a hybrid of "Iris hookeriana" and "Iris kumaonensis".
Description.
It has a slender, gnarled rhizome, which has the fibrous remains of old leaves on the top. It forms clumps of plants.
It has pale green, or light green leaves, that can grow up to between long (at flowering time), and between 1.2 and 2 cm wide. After flowering, they extend up to between long. They are linear, erect, ensiform (sword shaped), and semi-deciduous.
It has a slender stem, that can grow up to between tall. The stem appears in April, from a tuft of 4 reduced Basal leaf leaves.
The stem has pale green, lanceolate spathes (leaves of the flower bud). They are (scarious) membranous, in the top third of the leaf and along the edges.
The stems hold 2 or 3 terminal (top of stem) flowers, blooming between March and April.
The flowers come in shades of lilac or purple, with a darker mottling.
It has a deep purple, trigonal, long perianth tube, and a 1.2–2 cm long pedicel.
Like other irises, it has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'. The falls have an obovate (narrower end at the base) shaped blade, they are long and 2.5 cm wide. The haft (or part of the petal beside the stem) is wedge shaped and white with purple blotching, or marbling. In the centre of the petal is a white beard with orange tips.
The erect standards are oblong, 5 cm long and 2 cm wide. They are lighter in colour to the falls, pale mauve, or lilac, with a fainter mottling of a darker shade.
It has narrow, deep purple styles, with faint stripes, or pale at the edges, and are 2.5 cm long. The style branch has triangular crests. It has pale violet filaments, bi-lobed stigma and creamy white anthers.
It also has a green ovary, that is 2 cm long, mottled and striped purple.
After the iris has flowered, it does not produce a seed capsule or seeds.
Biochemistry.
As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.
It has a chromosome count: 2n=22
Taxonomy.
It is sometimes commonly known as 'Sikkim Iris'.
It is pronounced as (Iris) EYE-ris (sikkimensis) sik-im-EN-sis.
The Latin specific epithet "sikkimensis" refers to the region of Sikkim (Indian Himalayas) where the iris was found.
Mr William Rickatson Dykes had received this plant originally from Mr. Barr (a plant collector with Messrs. Barr. & Sons,) in about 1906, and was labelled "Iris kamaonensis caulescens". He then published and described the iris as "Iris kumaonensis var. caulescens". 4 years later, he changed his mind after raising the plant from seed in his garden. He thought that it was a distinct species in its own right.
It was then published and described by William Rickatson Dykes in his book 'The Genus Iris' (Gen. Iris) on page134. in 1913, or 1912.
It is similar in form to both "Iris hookeriana" and "Iris kemaonensis", but the range of both irises does not spread as far as the Himalayas. Due to the fact that "Iris sikkimensis" does not set seed, it has thought to be more of a hybrid species between the two.
The lack of seed production has also meant it is thought to be extinct in the wild. It is also very rare in cultivation, specimens have been lost in Indian herbaria and botanical gardens. No plants are found in the UK as well.
It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 9 January 2003, then updated on 1 March 2007.
It is listed as an 'unresolved name' in The Plant List.
"Iris sikkimensis" is an accepted name by the RHS, it was also last listed in the 'RHS Plant Finder' in 2010.
Distribution and habitat.
It is thought to be native to temperate Asia.
Range.
It was found in Sikkim, in India, within the eastern Himalayas.
It was listed in 'Flowering Plants Of Sikkim' in 2008.
Cultivation.
It is hardy, and can survive winter frosts. It can also tolerate moisture during the winter.
But prefers to have a dry period during the summer.
A specimen of the iris can be found in 'The Arboretum and Botanical Garden' of the University of Bergen in Norway, and it can also be found in University Botanic Gardens of Ljubljana in Slovenia.
Propagation.
It can only be propagated by division as it seems not to produce seeds.
Toxicity.
Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), and if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Also, handling the plant may cause a skin irritation or an allergic reaction.


Scapania sphaerifera

Scapania sphaerifera is a species of plants in the Scapaniaceae family. It is endemic to Russia, and was first described in 1936 in Murmansk. Its natural habitat is rocky areas.


Prince Edward Island National Park

Prince Edward Island National Park () is a National Park of Canada located in the province of Prince Edward Island. Situated along the island's north shore, fronting the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the park measures approximately in length and ranges from several hundred metres to several kilometres in width. Established in 1937, the park's mandate includes the protection of many broad sand beaches, sand dunes and both freshwater wetlands and saltmarshes. The park's protected beaches provide nesting habitat for the endangered piping plover; the park has been designated a Canadian Important Bird Area.
An extension was added to the park in 1998 when an extensive sand dune system in Greenwich was transferred from the provincial government to Parks Canada. The Prince Edward Island National Park also includes Green Gables, which was the childhood inspiration for the "Anne of Green Gables" novels by author Lucy Maud Montgomery, as well as Dalvay-by-the-Sea, a Victorian era mansion currently operated as an inn.
In 1999, the Canadian Nature Federation identified Prince Edward Island National Park as being the most endangered in the national park system, based on human impact. The park also experiences severe coastal erosion as a result of winter storms and its vulnerable shoreline.
The park was the subject of a short film in 2011's "National Parks Project", directed by John Walker and scored by Chad Ross, Sophie Trudeau and Dale Morningstar.
Wildlife.
Animals that inhabit this national park are coyotes, red foxes, raccoons, beavers, minks, and weasels. Numerous birds roam in this park including species of various herons, ducks, owls, cranes, plovers, grouses, jays, falcons, geese, hawks, sandpipers and eagles.


Lepiderema pulchella

Lepiderema pulchella commonly known as fine-leaved tuckeroo , is a species of flowering plant in the family Sapindaceae and is endemic to coastal eastern Australia. It is a tree with pinnate, glossy light green leaves with four to fourteen leaflets, panicles of yellow-orange flowers and brown, spherical to three-lobed fruit.
Description.
"Lepiderema pulchella" is a tree that typically grows to a height of and is mostly glabrous. The leaves are pinnate, long on a petiole long with four to fourteen leaflets, the leaflets narrow elliptic to lance-shaped, more or less curved, long, wide and with wavy edges. The flowers are arranged in panicles long in leaf axils, each flower on a pedicel long. The flowers are yellow-orange and long, the sepals long. The fruit is a brown, spherical to three-lobed capsule in diameter containing dark brown seeds about long, the fruit maturing in December.
Taxonomy.
"Lepiderema pulchella" was first formally described in 1907 by Ludwig Adolph Timotheus Radlkofer in "Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien Nachtr."
Distribution and habitat.
Fine-leaved tuckeroo grows on creek and river banks and at the edge of rainforest from far south-eastern Queensland to the Tweed River in New South Wales.
Conservation status.
This tuckeroo is classified as "vulnerable" under the Queensland Government "Nature Conservation Act 1992".


Gamasellus pyriformis

Gamasellus pyriformis is a species of mite in the family Ologamasidae.


Gila National Forest

The Gila National Forest is a protected national forest in New Mexico in the southwestern part of the United States established in 1905. It covers approximately of public land, making it the sixth largest National Forest in the continental United States. The Forest also manages that part of the Apache National Forest that is in New Mexico which totals an additional 614,202 acres for a total of 3.3 million acres managed by the Gila National Forest. Part of the forest, the Gila Wilderness, was established in 1924 as the first designated wilderness reservation by the U.S. federal government. Aldo Leopold Wilderness and the Blue Range Wilderness are also found within its borders. (The Blue Range Primitive Area lies within Arizona in the neighboring Apache National Forest.)
The forest lies in southern Catron, northern Grant, western Sierra, and extreme northeastern Hidalgo counties in southwestern New Mexico. Forest headquarters are located in Silver City, New Mexico. There are local ranger district offices in Glenwood, Mimbres, Quemado, Reserve, Silver City, and Truth or Consequences. The Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument is located with the Catron County section of the forest.
The forest's terrain ranges from rugged mountains and deep canyons to mesas and semi-desert. Due to the extremely rugged terrain, the area is largely unspoiled. There are several hot springs in Gila National Forest, including Middle Fork Hot Springs, Jordan Hot Springs, and Turkey Creek Hot Springs.
Wildlife.
Gila is home to namesake wildlife that includes the Gila monster, Gila trout, Gila topminnow, several members of the "Gila" (western chub) genus, and the Gila woodpecker. Other notable species include black bear, bald eagle, cougar, spotted owl, elk, white-tailed deer, osprey, peregrine falcon, bobcat, collared peccary, timber wolf, gray fox, white-nosed coati, pronghorn, mule deer, bighorn sheep, and wild turkey.
Conservation.
In 2020, the U.S. Forest Service proposed allowing 21 herbicides within the forest, including dicamba, picloram and aminocyclopyrachlor (ACP). Dicamba is a threat to monarch butterfly habitat. ACP is a threat to ponderosa pines.
History.
The Gila River Forest Reserve was established on March 2, 1899 by the General Land Office, and was renamed the Gila Forest Reserve on July 21, 1905. The following year the forest was transferred to the U.S. Forest Service, and on March 4, 1907 it became a National Forest. Additions included Big Burros National Forest on June 18, 1908, Datil National Forest on December 24, 1931, and part of Crook National Forest on July 1, 1953.
Recreation.
Cosmic Campground is a area that is ideal for star-gazing. In 2016, the campground was given the status of being the first and only International Dark Sky Sanctuary in North America, and has remained so .


Tillandsia fendleri

Tillandsia fendleri is a species in the genus "Tillandsia". This species is native to the West Indies (Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Trinidad) and South America (Bolivia, Guyana, Colombia, Peru, northern Brazil, Venezuela and Ecuador).
Two varieties are recognized:


Planchonia grandis

Planchonia grandis grows as a tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is reddish brown, grey or white. The flowers are greenish white. Habitat is lowland and mangrove forest. "P. grandis" is found in Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo.


Penicillium melinii

Penicillium melinii is an anamorph species of the genus "Penicillium" which produces griseofulvin and beta-Nitropropionic acid.


Antennaria densifolia

Antennaria densifolia (denseleaf pussytoes) is a North American species of plants in the sunflower family. It is native to western Canada (Northwest Territories, Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta) and the US states of Alaska and Montana.


Heliamphora minor

Heliamphora minor (Latin: "minor" = smaller) is a species of marsh pitcher plant endemic to Auyán-tepui in Venezuela. As the name suggests, it is one of the smallest species in the genus. It is closely related to "H. ciliata" and "H. pulchella".
Cultivation.
"Heliamphora minor" is one of the more widely available species in the genus for cultivation. Typically, "H. minor" is grown under strong fluorescent lights in a terrarium, or in a greenhouse with partial sunlight. Like other carnivorous plants, "H. minor" requires water free from added minerals and chemicals. It can survive a wide range of temperatures, preferably around 70–90 °F, however during the night the temperature must drop to around 10 degrees less than the day temperature.
Soil for "H. minor" must be low in nutrients. Combinations of washed sand, orchid bark, long fibered sphagnum moss (dried or living), peat moss, and perlite may be used.
"Heliamphora" plants also require a high humidity level (70+%), which can be achieved in a greenhouse or terrarium.
Infraspecific taxa.
Two varieties of "H. minor" are recognised: the autonym "H. minor" var. "minor" and "H. minor" var. "pilosa", which is characterised by conspicuous hairs on the pitcher exterior. The purpose of the exterior indumentum is unknown, but may assist in the scaling of otherwise glabrous exterior surfaces. Another hypothesis suggests that it may discourage terrestrial arthropods from scaling the pitcher and restrict access to the nectar spoon to flying insects, thus preventing the loss of nectar to insects that tend to steal nectar. Also, the highly reflective surface of the indumenta may make foliage more visible to flying insects with light-sensitive vision.
Distinguishing factors between "H. pulchella" and "H. minor" include nectar spoon morphology; the nectar spoons of "pulchella" emerge directly on the back rim of the pitcher in a small depression, while the spoon of "minor" emerges on a narrow stalk ending in a larger nectar spoon than that of "pulchella".
"Heliamphora minor" f. "laevis", described by Julian Alfred Steyermark in 1984, is considered a synonym of "H. minor" var. "minor".


Calamagrostis nardifolia

Calamagrostis nardifolia is a species of grass native to the southern Andes.
Description.
"Calamagrostis nardifolia" grows up to high, and bears a panicle of flowers, by . Each spikelet is long and contains a single fertile floret.
Ecology.
"Calamagrostis nardifolia" is one of the fodder species preferred by vicuñas during the wet season.


Kenilworth Park (Portland, Oregon)

Kenilworth Park is a public park in Portland, Oregon's Creston-Kenilworth neighborhood, in the United States. The park was acquired in 1909.


Boletus hypocarycinus

Boletus hypocarycinus is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. Found in North America, it was described as new to science in 1945 mycologist Rolf Singer. The bolete was reported from a Mexican beech ("Fagus mexicana") forest in Hidalgo, Mexico in 2010.


BP Saltend


Erigeron seravschanicus

Erigeron seravschanicus is an Asian species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It grows in subalpine meadows in Xinjiang, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan.
"Erigeron seravschanicus" is a perennial, clumping-forming herb up to 30 cm (12 inches) tall, forming slender rhizomes. Its flower heads have lilac ray florets surrounding yellow disc florets.


Eriocapitella vitifolia

Eriocapitella vitifolia, a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, is native to Asia. The specific epithet "vitifolia" means "vine-leaved, with leaves resembling those of "Vitis"", the genus of grapevines, and so the plant is commonly called the grape-leaved anemone or grape-leaved windflower. In Chinese, a common name is ye mian hua, which means "wild cotton".
Taxonomy.
"Eriocapitella vitifolia" was described by Takenoshin Nakai in 1941. Like other members of genus "Eriocapitella", "E. vitifolia" was formerly a member of genus "Anemone". The basionym "Anemone vitifolia" was described in 1817.
Along with "E. japonica", "E. vitifolia" is a parent of the hybrid "E." × "hybrida".
Ecology.
"Eriocapitella vitifolia" along with four other taxa ("E. hupehensis", "E. japonica", "E. tomentosa", and "E." × "hybrida") are known as fall-blooming anemones. In its native habitat, "E. vitifolia" flowers from July to October.


Talladega National Forest

The Talladega National Forest is located in the U.S. state of Alabama and covers 392,567 acres (613.39 sq mi, or 1,588.66 km2) at the southern edge of the Appalachian Mountains.
Before it was bought by the federal government in the 1930s, the area that comprises the Talladega was extensively logged and represented some of the most abused, eroded wastelands in all of Alabama. Pine forest regrowth now hosts a diverse eco-system.
The tiny 7,400 acre (30 km2) Cheaha Wilderness preserves a portion of this natural wealth on Talladega Mountain. The forest's second wilderness area, the Dugger Mountain Wilderness protects the area around Alabama's second-highest mountain peak.
Indigenous animals inhabiting this forest include coyote, black bear, white-tailed deer, two species of fox, bobwhite quail, two species of squirrel, turkey, rabbit, raccoon, and various waterfowl. The four forests are home to a number of threatened, endangered and sensitive species including the gopher tortoise, flattened musk turtle and the red-cockaded woodpecker.
This forest is headquartered in Montgomery, as are all four of Alabama's National Forests. The other National Forests in the state are Conecuh, Tuskegee, and William B. Bankhead. The Talladega National Forest is physically separated into two areas, and divided into three Ranger Districts:
The forest covers parts of eleven counties in Alabama. In descending order of forest land area they are Cleburne, Clay, Bibb, Talladega, Perry, Hale, Calhoun, Chilton, Tuscaloosa, Cherokee, and Dallas counties.


Eucalyptus scoparia

Eucalyptus scoparia, commonly known as the Wallangarra white gum or willow gum, is a small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to a small area of eastern Australia. It has smooth bark, linear to lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and cup-shaped, hemispherical or bell-shaped fruit. It is restricted to a few rocky mountains near the border between New South Wales and Queensland but is widely cultivated.
Description.
"Eucalyptus scoparia" is a tree that typically grows to a height of and forms a lignotuber. The bark is smooth, powdery, white and grey and is shed in narrow strips. Young plants and coppice regrowth have more or less sessile leaves mostly arranged in opposite pairs, glossy green, linear to narrow oblong, long and wide. Adult leaves are the same glossy light green on both sides, linear to lance-shaped or curved, long and wide on a petiole long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on pedicels long. Mature buds are oval or pear-shaped, long and wide with a conical to beaked operculum. Flowering has been recorded in November and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody cup-shaped, hemispherical or bell-shaped capsule long and wide with the valves protruding slightly above the rim.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Eucalyptus scoparia" was first formally described in 1905 by Joseph Maiden in "Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales" from a specimen collected by John Boorman. The specific epithet is a Latin word meaning broom-like, but the allusion is obscure.
Distribution and habitat.
Wallangarra white gum is restricted to a few mountains near the border between New South Wales and Queensland, where it grows in clefts on large granite outcrops in open forest and woodland.
Conservation status.
This eucalypt is classified as "vulnerable" under the Australian Government "Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999" and the New South Wales Government "Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016". The main threats to the species are loss of habitat due to land clearing, trampling of young plants and its small population size.
Use in horticulture.
The tree is widely planted as an ornamental in southeastern Australia.


Balanophyllia bonaespei

Balanophyllia bonaespei is a species of solitary cup coral, a stony coral in the family Dendrophylliidae. It is an azooxanthellate species that does not contain symbiotic dinoflagellates in its tissues as most corals do.
Description.
Cup corals are solitary hard corals which superficially resemble orange sea anemones. They grow to 1–2 cm in diameter. They have almost transparent beaded tentacles.
Distribution.
This species is known from Saldanha Bay to East London off the South African coast, and lives from under water.
Ecology.
This species is often found in caves or under dark overhangs.


Tillandsia seleriana

Tillandsia seleriana is a species in the genus "Tillandsia". This species is native to southern Mexico and Central America.


Great White Heron National Wildlife Refuge

The Great White Heron National Wildlife Refuge is part of the United States National Wildlife Refuge System, located in a region known as the 'Backcountry', which reaches from north of Marathon to north of Key West. It is along the north side of the Keys in that area that border the Gulf of Mexico. The 130,187 acre (527 km2) refuge (6,207 acres (25 km2) of it land, 123,980 (502 km2) water) was established on October 27, 1938, as a haven for great white herons, migratory birds, and other wildlife Approximately 1,900 acres (8 km2) are designated as a National Wilderness Area. The refuge is administered as part of the National Key Deer Refuge.
Flora.
The islands are covered mostly with mangroves, though some of the larger islands contain pine rockland and tropical hardwood hammock habitats.
Fauna.
Hawksbill sea turtles have been known to feed in the refuge. Also, loggerhead and green sea turtles nest here.


Rosenbergiodendron formosum

Rosenbergiodendron formosum is a species of flowering plant in the madder family, Rubiaceae, which is native to Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador.
Common names include blackberry jam fruit, raspberry bush, and jasmin de rosa.
Description.
Rosenbergiodendron formosum grows as small as evergreen bush-shrubs, usually growing only to a height of 4–5 feet tall if planted in the ground or 3–4 feet if planted in a container. It can also be physically transformed into a miniature tree known as a bonsai.
This plant, closely related to the Gardenia, produces white flowers that are 1.5–2 inches in diameter. The flowers are star shaped, tubular, very fragrant and tend to attract nocturnal moths.
The olive-shaped yellow fruits are wood shelled, about 1 inch in diameter, and look like small loquats. They can be easily crushed when chewed. The fruit contains two cells with small flat seeds surrounded by sweet, black, soft pulp that tastes like blackberry jam.


Marland Heights Park and Margaret Manson Weir Memorial Pool

Marland Heights Park and Margaret Manson Weir Memorial Pool is a historic park and swimming pool located at Weirton, Hancock County, West Virginia, United States. The Park was dedicated in July 1934 and is a contributing site. It has two contributing structures and one building; the Margaret Manson Weir Memorial Pool, a large wood timber and stone picnic shelter, and a tool shed. The ovoid-shaped pool was built in 1934, with funds from the David Weir Estate and maintenance support from the Weirton Steel Corporation. The main entrance to the pool features Art Deco style design features.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.


Acacia clunies-rossiae

Acacia clunies-rossiae, commonly known as kowmung wattle or kanangra wattle, is a shrub belonging to the genus "Acacia" and the subgenus "Phyllodineae" that is endemic to New South Wales.
The erect to spreading shrub typically grows to a height of . It blooms from August to November and produces bright yellow flowers. The green phyllodes have a small point at the tip and are in length and have a width of . The shrub blooms in early spring and groups of 8 to 25 flower-heads with a spherical shape and a golden yellow colour.
The species was first formally described by the botanist Joseph Maiden in 1916 as part of the work "Notes on Acacia, (with description of new species)" as published in the "Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales". It was reclassified as "Racosperma clunies-rossiae" in 2003 by Leslie Pedley and transferred back into the genus "Acacia" in 2006.
The wattle is found in eastern parts of the central coast of New South Wales in the watershed of the Kowmung and Coxs River and is restricted the area enclosed in the Kanangra-Boyd and Blue Mountains National Parks where it forms a part of dry sclerophyll forest communities and is found on rocky slopes growing in skeletal soils on alluvium along watercourses.


Cladonia transcendens

Cladonia transcendens is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Cladoniaceae.
Taxonomy.
The lichen was first formally described by Finnish lichenologist Edvard August Vainio in the first volume of his 1887 work "Monographia cladoniarum" with the name "Cladonia corrallifera" γ. "transcendens". The type material was collected from Oregon by David Lyall in 1858. In 1898, Vainio raised this taxon to species level.
Teuvo Ahti and Paula Depriest put forth a proposal to conserve the name "Cladonia transcendens" with a conserved type in 2005. This was later accepted by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi.


Furcraea cabuya

Furcraea cabuya is a species of plant in the family Asparagaceae that is native to South America. The fibres in its leaves, known as fique, are used in making ropes.


Streptomyces gelaticus

Streptomyces gelaticus is a bacterium species from the genus of "Streptomyces" which has been isolated from soil. "Streptomyces gelaticus" produces maculosin 1, Cyclo(tyrorosylpropyl) and elaiomycin.


Gaimardia setacea

Gaimardia setacea is a species of plant of the Restionaceae family. It is found in New Zealand (on the South Island and the Stewart Islands), New Guinea and Tasmania.


Idaho Panhandle National Forests

The Idaho Panhandle National Forests are a jointly administered set of three national forests located mostly in the U.S. state of Idaho. In 1973, major portions of the Kaniksu, Coeur d'Alene, and St. Joe National Forests were combined to be administratively managed as the Idaho Panhandle National Forests (IPNF). The IPNF consists of more than 2.5 million acres (10,000 km2) of public lands in the panhandle of north Idaho, with small areas extending into eastern Washington (4.7%) and western Montana (1.2%). The northernmost portion of the IPNF share a boundary with Canada. The Forest Supervisor's office is located in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho with district office's in Bonners Ferry, Sandpoint, Priest River (Priest Lake Ranger District), Fernan and Smelterville (Coeur d'Alene River Ranger District), and St. Maries and Avery (St. Joe Ranger District).
Geography.
Elevations on the IPNF range from 2,100 to 7,600 feet with as much as 80 inches of precipitation at high elevations. The IPNF is characterized by several mountain ranges including the Selkirk Mountains, Cabinet Mountains, Purcell Mountains, Coeur d'Alene Range, and Bitterroot Range, interspersed with large lakes such as Lakes Coeur d'Alene, Pend Oreille, and the upper and lower Priest. Major river valleys consist of the St. Joe, Coeur d'Alene, Priest, Pend Oreille, Clark Fork, and Kootenai.
Wildlife.
The Idaho Panhandle National Forests contain a wide variety of wildlife. White-tailed deer, mule deer, raccoons, elk, grizzly bears, moose, black bears, coyotes, timber wolves, skunks, cougars, marten, beavers, river otters, bobcats, minks, and wolverines are often seen by visitors.
Bird species include ravens, wild turkey, blue jays, California quail, numerous species of grouse, osprey, golden eagle, bald eagle and numerous types of owls. The rivers and lakes in the Panhandle hold some of the best fishing locations in the world.
Wilderness areas.
There is one officially designated wilderness area within the IPNF that is a part of the National Wilderness Preservation System. The Salmo-Priest Wilderness lies partially within the Priest Lake Ranger District of the IPNF and extends into the neighboring Colville National Forest. Four roadless areas are currently proposed for wilderness totaling 146,700 acres (590 km2):
Recreation.
The IPNF manages for a diversity of recreational opportunities, and there are extensive trail networks for stock, OHVs, hiking, and winter snowmobile and cross country skiing. Over 1,400 miles (2,250 km) of trails are maintained for hiking and 800 (1,290 km) miles for ATV use. Notable trails include the Pulaski Tunnel Trail, which explores the history of the 1910 fires and the firefighters who battled them, and the Route of the Hiawatha, a 15-mile (24-km) rails-to-trails route which includes the 1.7 mile (2.7 km) Taft Tunnel. The Emerald Creek Garnet Area provides an opportunity to collect star garnets and is one of only two places in the world where these gems can be found.


Haystack Mountain (Connecticut)

Haystack Mountain is a mountain topped with an observation tower that is the chief features of Haystack Mountain State Park, a public recreation area in the town of Norfolk, Connecticut.
The Haystack Mountain Tower, built in 1929 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places, sits upon it. The tower provides a view over the town of Norfolk and the neighboring town of Canaan.
Common forms of wildlife found on the mountain include raccoons, bears, deer, coyotes, opossums, skunks and foxes. The dominant plant life include mountain laurel (the state plant), pine trees and maples.


Taxus chinensis

Taxus chinensis is a species of yew. It is commonly called the Chinese yew, though this term also refers to "Taxus celebica" or "Taxus sumatrana".
Taxifolin can be found in "Taxus chinensis var. mairei".
This plant is used against cancer. Paclitaxel or Taxol can be produced. The tree can also be used in many other ways and is under special protection of national and international laws.


Bolton Notch State Park

Bolton Notch State Park is a public recreation area located in the town of Bolton, Connecticut, on the boundary between the Thames River and Connecticut River watersheds. The state park's offer opportunities for hiking, climbing, and cave exploration.
History.
Native Americans are believed to have used the major trails crossing through Bolton Notch, which they called "Saqumsketuck", for at least 10,000 years. The notch is thought to have created the boundary between the Mohegan and Podunk territories. The park grounds include Squaw's Cave, where according to legend a European settler and his Podunk bride lived as outcasts around 1640. The state purchased the park's first 70 acres in 1918 in anticipation of developing a Wayside Park.
Activities and amenities.
The park offers rock climbing and hiking as well as "several caves large enough to accommodate a human." It is crossed by both the Hop River Trail and Shenipsit Trail.


Hymenopappus radiatus

Hymenopappus radiatus, the ray hymenopappus, is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family.
It is endemic to the state of Arizona, in the southwestern United States.
Description.
"Hymenopappus radiatus" is a perennial herb up to tall. One plant produces 6-8 flower heads per stem, each head 8 white ray flowers surrounding 30–50 yellow disc flowers.


Penicillium parvum

Penicillium parvum is an anamorph species of fungus in the genus "Penicillium" which was isolated from soil in Papua New Guinea. "Penicillium parvum" produces ferrichrome siderophores
Phytochemical investigation of the soil microfungus Eupenicillum parvum led to the isolation of two new compounds: a chromone derivative euparvione and a new mycophenolic derivative euparvilactone, as well as thirteen known compounds. Several isolated compounds were evaluated for in vitro binding assays using opioid receptors (subtypes δ, κ, and μ) and cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). Compound 10 displayed the best selective μ-opioid receptor and CB1 receptor binding affinities showing values of 47% and 52% at a 10 μM concentration, respectively. These findings provide insight into the potential therapeutic utility of this class of compounds.


Shell Development Emeryville

The Emeryville Research Center of Shell Development Company in Emeryville, California was a major research facility of Shell Oil Company in the United States from 1928 until 1972, when Shell Development relocated to Houston, Texas. Shell Development's Emeryville facilities were located on about , included nearly 90 buildings at its peak, and when decommissioned in 1972, employed a staff of about 1500.
Inventions, technical contributions, resources.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) and other gasoline additives were developed at Emeryville. Tar sands extraction and other techniques to increase oil reserves were studied at bench scale and in pilot plants. Shell Development also pioneered de-sulfurization methods and standards for gasoline and motor oil, which were significant in reducing acid rain and other adverse environmental effects of auto exhaust gases. Shell Development scientist Thomas Schatzky also pioneered fingerprinting techniques to identify oil spills' origins.
Shell Development Emeryville scientists created the epoxy resins and expanded their applications. In an early dramatization of the new material, Shell Development's team recorded and pressed a musical performance on epoxy resin rather than on vinyl. A classical harpsichordist who was the wife of a scientist performed. Epoxy / carbon fiber and other advanced composites were also pioneered there.
Shell polymer scientists revised the scientific community's understanding of polymerization physics for styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), a principal component of most tires since World War II. After natural rubber from rubber trees was made unavailable by the Japanese conquest of Southeast Asia, SBR provided a new material for tires for the Allies' military vehicles. Shell's Charles Wilcoxen later demonstrated the kinetics of the polymerization process, amending the assumptions of the Ziegler-Natta polymerization equations for which a Nobel prize was awarded in 1963. Shell Development also pioneered a class of materials called block copolymers, useful for medical applications such as artificial heart valves.
Shell Development had significant capital assets and technical resources, including a cyclotron, an early and long-running electron microscope facility, an elaborate radiation laboratory (whose facilities became Veedercrest Winery), and other then-advanced scientific tools.
Shell Development Emeryville made many contributions to the U.S. space program, including development of rocket fuels, and handling techniques and storage methods for these highly explosive compounds. Shell Development's labs also contributed significant support to California-based land speed record holder Craig Breedlove and the Spirit of America vehicles.
Corporate culture.
The American Chemical Society's archives refer to Shell Development as one of a small number of large, pre-eminent private research facilities on the West Coast. Shell scientists served as presidents and other officers of ACS during the decades when the facility was in operation.
Though self-identified as a conservative employer, many Shell scientists were politically progressive, championing causes such as the Sierra Club and no-growth economic strategies. Country Joe and the Fish, a '60's anti-war counterculture rock band, dedicated an early album to Martin Dimbat, a Shell Development scientist who contributed funding to their musical venture.
Unionized, with a comfortable work pace, elaborate medical benefits for employees, a company-paid lifetime retirement plan and almost-ironclad job security, Shell Development for decades provided the comforts of a socialistic work environment within a corporate giant of capitalism. Because of competitive disadvantages the company would experience if employees could publish freely, Shell Development scientists often experienced the minimal professional recognition compared to scientists in academia.
Shell Development's senior scientific ranks included scientists who had been graduate students of Glenn Seaborg, a Berkeley scientist who pioneered techniques to create and verify transuranium elements. Shell Development also bore the indirect imprint of Robert Oppenheimer, director of the Manhattan Project. Manhattan Project alumni worked at Shell / Emeryville, and Oppenheimer himself is asserted to have been an offstage force in unionizing parts of Shell Development's workforce.
After Shell Oil dissolved the Shell Development / Emeryville organization and decommissioned its facilities, its employee culture proved robust. For over forty years after Shell Development ceased to exist, employees continued monthly meetings at a marina restaurant nearby. Citing uninterrupted recordkeeping among the surviving employees, a spokesperson reported that somewhat less than half of the known employees from Shell Development were still alive in late 2006. Meetings were finally suspended in 2007.
Shell Development's facilities languished briefly following its 1972 departure from its Emeryville campus. The properties then became an early home of biotechnology pioneers Cetus and Chiron. In the 21st century, many of the buildings of the former Shell Development campus are occupied by pharmaceutical giant Novartis.


Aa lorentzii

Aa lorentzii is a species of orchid in the genus "Aa".


Ponerorchis tominagae

Ponerorchis tominagae is a species of flowering plant in the family Orchidaceae, native to Taiwan.
Taxonomy.
The species was first described by Bunzō Hayata in 1916 as "Gymnadenia tominagae". Hayata stated that the plant he described was collected by T. Tominaga. He spelt the specific epithet as "tominagai", and this spelling has been used by some subsequent authors when transferring the species to a different genus. However, the "International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants" requires names not published in a form specified by the code to be corrected to conform to it, and personal names ending in "-a", even if the person is a man, should have an epithet in the genitive case formed by adding "-e". The epithet is thus correctly spelt "tominagae".
The species has been transferred to several genera: to "Amitostigma" (now included in "Ponerorchis"), to "Orchis", and in 2000, to "Ponerorchis". Several other species have been brought into synonymy with "Ponerorchis tominagae".


Carphochaete schaffneri

Carphochaete schaffneri is a species of Mexican flowering plants in the sunflower family. They are native to San Luis Potosí in northeastern Mexico.


Lake Bemidji State Park

Lake Bemidji State Park is a state park of Minnesota, United States, on the north shore of Lake Bemidji. The northern half of the park preserves a spruce-tamarack bog. A district of National Park Service rustic structures built by the Civilian Conservation Corps and National Youth Administration in the 1930s is on the National Register of Historic Places. The park is located north of the city of Bemidji.
Geology and landscape.
The landscape in the park is the last stage of the glacier in Minnesota. As the ice melted 10,000 years ago, soil, gravel, and rock were deposited creating the park's rolling topography. Many swamps and bogs were formed when chunks of ice separated from the receding glacier and left depressions which filled with water. Lake Bemidji was created by two huge blocks of ice being left behind by the retreating glacier.
The present landscape is not fixed. The land continues to change slowly due to the erosion by wind and water, shoreline wave action, and other acts of mother nature.
History.
For hundreds of years, ancestors to the Dakota people fished and hunted around Lake Bemidji. Around 1750 the Anishinabe settled. The Anishinabe called the lake "Bemiji-gau-maug" meaning "cutting sideways through" or diagonally. This was a reference to the path of the Mississippi River through the lake. Later Europeans, unable to pronounce the Anishinabe name, simply referred to it as "Bemidji".
In the late 19th century, European immigrants migrated to this region to harvest the white and Norway pine trees. During the peak of logging, the lumber mill on the south shore of Lake Bemidji was the center of logging in the nation. When the government purchased the land, a few areas within the park boundaries were in a virgin state, preserving the towering forests. In 1923, the Minnesota State Legislature set aside , establishing Lake Bemidji State Park.
Today, the park has grown to over to serve 150,000 plus visitors a year.
Wildlife.
The vegetation in the park supports many wildlife species. Birding is popular. Campers may hear the sounds of red-eyed and warbling vireos, rose-breasted grosbeaks, and many other song birds. Loons, eagles, herons, gulls, even osprey can be seen by the lakeshore. A hike on one of the park trails can yield a glimpse of a doe with her fawn, a porcupine having lunch halfway up a jackpine, or even an occasional black bear. Eastern chipmunks and red squirrels also adapt to the park's recreational areas.
In the wetland areas of the park, waterfowl, beaver, muskrat, and mink can be found. In the evening, the park is filled with sounds of gray treefrogs, spring peepers, and chorus and wood frogs. The woodland sound of a barred owl, the flute-like song of the veery, and the hammering of a sapsucker all add to the wilderness experience.
In all, nearly 50 species of mammals and almost 200 different kinds of birds can be seen throughout the year in Lake Bemidji State Park. Contact the park naturalist for current information on where and when to observe the variety of wildlife.
Recreation.
Lake Bemidji State Park offers recreational activities year round. Activities include camping, hiking, biking, cross country skiing, snowmobiling, snowshoeing, picnicking, swimming, volleyball, fishing, boating and interpretive programs.
Camping.
The park has 95 drive-in sites, including 43 electric sites, 4 pull-through sites, and 4 handicapped accessible sites. In winter, only one site is available to drive-in. This is a non-electric site. Other sites are available on a walk-in basis after deep snow cover.
Two group camp sites are available. Bass Creek is a tent-only group camp that can accommodate up to 30 people. Water is available in the nearby parking area. The North Group Camp site accommodates up to 50 people and has three spaces for small trailers or pick-up campers. The group camps are available in winter but access is on foot. For group camp reservations, contact the state park reservation service at 1-866-85PARKS or online at www.stayatmnparks.com.
Trails.
In the summer, there are of handicapped accessible trails, including the boardwalk and Rocky Point trail; of easy to moderate hiking trails that take you through areas of maturing pine, aspen and hardwoods; of paved bike trails which connect with the Paul Bunyan state trail; 5 Miles of mountain bike trails; and a 1/4 mile Bogwalk which is accessible by a hike.
The course for the Bemidji Blue Ox Marathon, first run in October 2013, travels through the park on the paved trails.
In the winter, there are of groomed cross country ski trails, of snowmobile trails that connect with an extensive trail system beyond the park, and you can showshoe anywhere in the park except the groomed trails. Showshoes can be rented at the park office.
Recreational facilities.
In the summer, park visitors can use the lakefront picnic and beach area which has picnic tables, an enclosed shelter with a fireplace, a volleyball court, a shower, restrooms, and pedestal grills. The shelter building and the sanitation building in the park were built by the Civilian Conservation Corps and the National Youth Administration, and are of rustic style log construction. These buildings are now listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Shelter can be reserved by calling the park office.
There is a boat landing located next to the picnic area for those that wish to go fishing or boating. Canoes and fishing boats are available for rent from May 10 through October 13. There is also a handicapped accessible fishing pier.
In the winter, snowshoes are available for rent at the park office. Or, visitors can park in the picnic area parking lot, bring their own ice fishing equipment, and walk onto the lake to go fishing. There is a warming house located in the Trail Center, in the park's Visitor Center
Naturalist and interpretive programs.
Throughout the year, the Visitor Center is a place where information about the park's trails, animals, geology, and other interesting features can be found through exhibits, films or slide programs. A complete list of programs and special programs or organized groups is available upon request.
Naturalist programs are offered Wednesday through Sunday from mid-June through Labor Day. Fall, winter and spring programs are generally offered on weekends. The Interpretive Center is open for schools, scouts and other community organizations upon request. Programs focus on the lake and wetland environments found in the park.
Interpretive programs in the summer include, morning hikes, boat tours of Lake Bemidji, evening films, and campfire talks. Winter programs include snowshoeing, candlelight skiing, and animal tracking. The Visitor Center is open daily and sometimes serves as a gathering place for interpretive programs where visitors share experiences by the warmth of the woodstove.


Cryptoleptosphaeria moravica


Bashneft

Bashneft is a Russian oil company formed by the transfer of the oil related assets of the Soviet oil ministry in Bashkortostan to the regional government of the Republic of Bashkortostan by Boris Yeltsin. It was then privatized during 2002-3 by Murtaza Rakhimov, the president of Bashkortostan, an ally of Yeltsin's, with a controlling interest in Bashkir Capital, a holding company controlled by Rakhimov's son, Ural Rakhimov. In 2009 a controlling interest in Bashneft was acquired for $2 billion by Vladimir Yevtushenkov and placed in his holding company, Sistema, but in July 2014 he was jailed and 72% of Sistema's interest in Bashneft seized by the Russian government. Following seizure of the company in December 2014 Yevtushenkov was released from jail, "charges not proven," but Ural Rakhimov was reported to have fled the country. It is one of the larger producers of oil products in the country. The company operates 140 oil and natural gas fields in Russia and has an annual oil production of 16 million tonnes. Bashneft owns three oil refineries located in Ufa with a combined capacity of and 100 petrol stations.
History.
The Russian holding Sistema bought a controlling stake in Bashneft in March 2009 for US$2.5 billion.
In March 2014, Bashneft acquired a 100% stake in Russian oil firm Burneftegaz in a deal totalling more than $1 billion.
Murtaza Rakhimov, Kadir Timergazin have worked in Bashneft.
In 2016, Bashneft was ranked as being among the 12th best of 92 oil, gas, and mining companies on indigenous rights in the Arctic.


Macrocheles montivagus

Macrocheles montivagus is a species of mite in the family Macrochelidae.


Acacia subporosa

Acacia subporosa, also commonly known as river wattle, bower wattle, narrow-leaf bower wattle and sticky bower wattle, is a tree or shrub of the genus "Acacia" and the subgenus "Plurinerves" that is endemic to an area of south eastern Australia. It is considered to be rare in Victoria
Description.
The tree or shrub typically grow to a height of and has an erect or spreading or rounded habit and a low canopy with a width of around with weeping branches that have smooth grey or born coloured bark smooth. It has sticky and glabrous branchlets that have green to brown alternating ridges. Like most species of "Acacia" it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The thin and glabrous phyllodes have a very narrowly elliptic shape than can be slightly to moderately incurved with a length of and a width of and have two to five main nerves per face and other less pronounced longitudinal nerves in between. It blooms between July and October and occasionally into the summertime producing pale yellow flowers. The simple inflorescences occur singly or in groups of up to three in the axils and have spherical flower-heads with a diameter of containing 20 to 25 flowers. Following flowering firmly chartaceous and glabrous seed pods are formed that are linear with a length of up to and contain glossy dark brown seeds with an oblong shape, a length of about and a small terminal aril.
Taxonomy.
The species was first formally described by the botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in 1863 as a part of the work "Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae ", the initial spelling was "Acacia supporosa". It was reclassified as "Racosperma subporosum" by Leslie Pedley in 2003 then transferred back to genus "Acacia" in 2006. The type specimen was collected by von Mueller from Twofold bay in New South Wales.
The specific epithet is derived from the small oil glands on the phyllodes. The species is closely related to "Acacia cognata" and both belong to the "Acacia verniciflua" complex.
Distribution.
It is native to coastal areas of south eastern New South Wales and north western Victoria. The range of the plant extends from around Bega in the north to around Howe Hill on the north eastern tip of the Victoria-New South Wales border in the south in the far east Gippsland area. It is commonly situated along creeks and streams in gullies or on low hillsides found near the margins of rainforest communities growing in moist sandy or shale-based soils and conglomerates. It is often associated with "Acacia longifolia".
Cultivation.
The tree is used as street trees or as a screening plant, it can grow at a rate of about per annum and live for almost 50 years. The plant is susceptible to root rot and shothole borer.


Berberis aggregata

Berberis aggregata, the clustered barberry, is a shrub native to western China (Gansu, Hubei, Qinghai, Shanxi, Sichuan). It grows at elevations of 1000–3500 m.
"Berberis aggregata" is a shrub up to 3 m tall with spines along the younger branches. Leaves are ovate, up to 25 mm long, dark green on the upper surface, much lighter underneath. Flowers are borne tightly clustered in a panicle of as many as 25 flowers. Berries are red, spherical, about 7 mm in diameter.


Acacia curranii

Acacia curranii, also known as curly-bark wattle, is a shrub belonging to the genus "Acacia" and the subgenus "Juliflorae" that is native to north eastern Australia. It is listed as vulnerable under the "Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999".
Description.
The shrub typically grows to a maximum height of around and has multiple stems. It has grey to maroon coloured minni ritchi style bark. The sub-glabrous or silky haired branchlets are angular towards the apices and a maroon-grey colour with young shoots that have fine yellow hairs close to the stem. Like most species of "Acacia" it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The erect, thick, evergreen phyllodes have a linear shape with a length of and a width of with longitudinal striations and around 25 closely parallel veins. It blooms between August and September producing golden flowers. The obloid flower-spikes are around in length packed with golden coloured flowers. After flowering firmly chartaceous seed pods form that are flat and have a linear shape with reasonably straight sides but slightly constricted between seeds. The pods are in length and wide and have loosely matted hairs. The dark brown seeds inside are arranged longitudinallyand have a narrow oblong-elliptic shape with a length of approximately and a depressed grey-brown areole.
Distribution.
It has a disjunct distribution and is endemic to parts of south eastern Queensland in the Darling Downs are around Gurulmundi growing in poorly drained sandy soils overlying sandstone in the north and also is found on the western plains of New South Wales where it is found on igneous hill growing in skeletal soils. In New South Wales it is found around Lake Cargelligo and the Gunderbooka Range. The three areas it is found in are separated by several hundred kilometres. Within these areas there are approximately twenty populations of the species found in around from ten broad localities continuing a total of fewer than 5,000 individual plants.


Face Rock State Scenic Viewpoint

Face Rock State Scenic Viewpoint is a state park in Bandon, Oregon, United States, administered by the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department. The rocks and tidal flats adjacent to the park form part of the Oregon Islands National Wildlife Refuge. More than 300 species of birds frequent the area.
The viewpoint's name is derived from the off-shore rock island which has the likeness of a human face and is part of a Native American legend.
The state acquired land over time for the park, originally called Bandon Ocean Wayside. The initial land was a gift in 1934; the state bought additional acreage in 1961.
Amenities include picnic tables, restrooms, a viewing scope, and a stairway and trail to the beach. Slightly north of Face Rock is Coquille Point, with its own parking area, benches, and hiking trail within the only mainland fraction of the Oregon Islands National Wildlife Refuge.


Carex autumnalis

Carex autumnalis is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family, Cyperaceae. It was first formally named by Jisaburo Ohwi in 1930. "Carex autumnalis" is native to Japan and mainland eastern Asia, from southeastern China to North Korea. In China it grows in shady ravines.


Whirlpool Aero Car

The Whirlpool Aero Car or Spanish Aero Car is a cable car located in Niagara Falls, Ontario that transports passengers over a section of the Niagara River referred to as the Niagara Whirlpool. The system was designed by Spanish engineer Leonardo Torres Quevedo and has been upgraded several times since 1916 (in 1961, 1967 and 1984). The system uses one car that carries 35 standing passengers over a one-kilometre trip.
Technical specifications.
The Aero Car is suspended on six interlocking steel cables, each of which is in diameter. The car is powered by an electric motor and travels at approximately . In the event of a power failure, a diesel engine drives a hydraulic pump to pull the carrier back to the loading/unloading terminal. It also has a rescue car which holds four passengers and one operator. The rescue car has so far only been used for training purposes.
The Aero Car is suspended between two Canadian points, though it crosses the Canadian and American borders four times on a full trip. The car crosses the border about from the starting point and runs through United States territory for about , but riders need no immigration clearance. At each end of the crossing, it is high, and in the centre, it averages above the river depending on the level of the water below. Its span is . The rapids entering the whirlpool below the Aero Car move at an estimated , and the flow of the water coming through the river is about 2,800 cubic meters per second (623,000 imperial gallons per second) in the summer months, and 1,400 m³/s (300,000 imp gal/s) in the winter months. From the Aero Car, sightseers can see Whirlpool State Park in Niagara Falls, New York, as well as the Robert Moses Niagara Hydroelectric Power Station in Lewiston, New York. From the side or centre of the car, one can view the violent motion of the whirlpool below. Riders may also see hikers on nature trails and fishermen on both sides of the river.
The car was originally open, but a roof has been added to all later designs. A four-person rescue car is available (a smaller white car stored at the opposite end in an indoor area), but not used in regular service.
The car operates from 10am to 5pm from the second week of March to the first week of November. It is closed during most of the winter because of ice and snow.


Madhuca hirtiflora

Madhuca hirtiflora is a plant in the family Sapotaceae. The specific epithet "hirtiflora" means "hairy flowers".
Description.
"Madhuca hirtiflora" grows as a tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . Its bark is greyish brown. Inflorescences bear up to six flowers. The fruit is greyish, ellipsoid, up to long.
Distribution and habitat.
"Madhuca hirtiflora" is native to Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. Its habitat is lowland mixed dipterocarp forest from altitude.
Conservation.
"Madhuca hirtiflora" has been assessed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. The species is threatened by logging and conversion of land for palm oil plantations.


Burnham Park (Chicago)

Burnham Park is a public park located in Chicago, Illinois. Situated along of Lake Michigan shoreline, the park connects Grant Park at 14th Street to Jackson Park at 56th Street. The of parkland is owned and managed by Chicago Park District. It was named for urban planner and architect Daniel Burnham in 1927. Burnham was one of the designers of the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition.
The park is an outgrowth of the 1909 Plan for Chicago developed by the park's namesake Daniel Burnham and often called simply "The Burnham Plan". Land for the park has been acquired by the city's park district by a variety of means such as bequest, landfill, and barter. Now, the park hosts some of the city's most important municipal structures, such as Soldier Field and McCormick Place. The park has surrendered the land for the Museum Campus to Grant Park. During the presidency of U.S. President Barack Obama, the park was the landing site for Marine One when visiting his Kenwood home on Chicago's south side.
In the early 20th century, Chicago businessman A. Montgomery Ward advocated that the lakefront must be publicly accessible, and remain "forever open, clear and free", lest the city descend into the squalor typical of American cities of the time, with buildings and heavy industry destroying any chance for beauty. Ward's influence lead to the protection of the lake shore parks system and to this day, the city's lakefront is open from the former city limits at Hollywood Ave (5700N) down to the former steel mills near Rainbow Beach (7700S).
Location.
McFetridge Drive is the boundary between Grant Park and Burnham Park. Beginning with Northerly Island and the 14th Street Beach, and enclosing Burnham Harbor and its public marina, the park runs in a narrow strip past Soldier Field and McCormick Place, both of which disrupt Burnham's original plan, south to 56th street. From North to South, the park runs through the communities of Near South, Douglas, Oakland, Kenwood and Hyde Park.
The park lies mostly between Lake Shore Drive and Lake Michigan, but it crosses the drive and abuts the Illinois Central Railroad tracks in places. There is a beach at 31st Street, a skatepark at 34th Street, a stone beach at 49th Street, and a model boat pond at 51st Street in Hyde Park. The park ends with a flourish at Promontory Point at 55th Street. Footbridges and underpasses provide access to the park over the barriers of the train tracks and Lake Shore Drive. A section of the Chicago Lakefront Trail bicycle and jogging path runs the length of the park.
History.
Ward fought for the poor people's access to Chicago's lakefront. In 1906, he campaigned to preserve neighboring Grant Park as a public park. Grant Park has been protected since 1836 by "forever open, clear and free" legislation that has been affirmed by four previous Illinois Supreme Court rulings. In the mid-1890s, architect Daniel Burnham began planning a park and boulevard that would link Jackson Park with Grant Park and downtown. As Chief of Construction for the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893, Burnham was known for developing the White City. After the fair, Burnham began designing a more functional Chicago. Burnham's plan, including a lakefront park with a series of islands, boating harbor, beaches, and playfields was published in his 1909 Plan of Chicago. Burnham's famous 1909 plan eventually preserved Grant Park and the entire Chicago lakefront.
1860-1890.
Paul Cornell, a lawyer and real estate developer, donated and built East End Park between 51st and 53rd Streets in 1856. After much of the land eroded, the property was incorporated into Burnham Park and was eventually renamed Harold Washington Park in 1992. In the years following his donation, expansions were built at the northeast corner of the future Jackson Park, located at the south end of Burnham. The most notable expansions included a seawall and granite paved strolling beach, constructed from 1884 to 1888, and a building used as the Iowa Pavilion during the Columbian Exposition.
Cornell lobbied for the establishment of the South Parks and Boulevard System. The first bond vote was rejected in 1867, as just a method to provide remote driving grounds for rich citizens and to lure people to move away for the benefit of real estate speculators and developers. In 1869, the bills were passed by the legislature, and the South Park Commission was formed with support from Cornell. The future site was primarily under Lake Michigan or abutting the Illinois Central Railroad right of way. In 1892, the formerly trestled railroad was raised on an embankment, along the present west edge of the park. South Park (the present Jackson Park) was slowly developed, and along with the Midway Plaisance and Washington Park, the designs by Frederick Olmsted and Calvert Vaux were focused on lagoons and navigation from the Lake to South Park Way (now King Dr.) and 55th Street, in addition to the development of a country driving park, horse and buggy paths along the lake, and a water system running north to downtown. By the 1880s, the development included the Kenwood and Bowen communities, and by the 1890s, immigrant neighborhoods were developing. The city limits were expanded from 39th to 130th in 1889, absorbing virtually all of Hyde Park Township (35th to 138th).
1890-1910.
The Columbian Exposition was held in Jackson Park, leaving housing in Hyde Park built for the Fair. The area around the new University of Chicago allowed real estate developers an opportunity to profit during the depression of the mid-1890s. As part of Jackson Park's transformation, South Park Commission President James E. Ellsworth asked Burnham to design a boulevard linking Jackson and Grant Parks. Ruling out residential expansion, Burnham developed plans for green areas, harbors and lagoons, water scenery, a canal to downtown, and a scenic drive. With a theme of a "playground for the people", the area was planned to include bridges, beaches with pavilions, and bathing houses. In 1896, Burnham began marketing the plan to Marshall Field, George Pullman, Philip Armour, and business organizations. In 1901, the Chicago Commercial Club began promoting the ideas and in 1909, published the Plan of Chicago by Burnham and Edward H. Bennett and illustrated by Jules Guerin. From 1907 until 1920, legal battles to acquire parkland continued despite the 1907 Legislature passing a bill with language favoring railroads until courts rejected the legislation.
1910-1920.
The South Park Commission received rights to the future site of the Field Museum in exchange for transferred to the Illinois Central Railroad. Government agencies had to agree to plans, including the Cook County Circuit Court, General Assembly, Chicago Plan Commission, and U.S. Secretary of War. In 1912, Burnham died and a new Chicago Plan Commission was created. In 1919, landfill efforts began at the north end of the park. In February 1920, voters approved a $20 million bond issue as part of the Burnham Plan initiative for new lands to complete Grant Park, so as to create the South Shore Development. In 1920, the Field Museum was opened, with the exhibits moved from Jackson Park into the basement. By 1925, new landforms, including Northerly Island, the only offshore landform in the Burnham Plan actually built, were completed to 23rd Street.
1920-1930.
A $2.5 million bond issue passed in 1922 for a stadium conceived by Burnham. Designed by architects Holabird & Roche and named Soldier Field for the veterans of World War I, cost overruns required another bond issue in 1926. By 1924, the breakwater wall stretched from 14th to 55th Streets. In 1926, Soldier Field and a portion of Lake Shore Drive were opened. Landfilling extended from 23rd Street to 56th Street; however, Promontory Point was not complete, prompting complaints regarding garbage, blowing sand and odors. Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, landfill efforts continued to fill in Burnham Park and the adjacent Northerly Island. The South Development was named for Daniel Burnham on January 14, 1927, and support increased for a world's fair in the park. Construction was completed on Lake Shore Drive, with northbound lanes named for Leif Erikson, and southbound lanes for Christopher Columbus. In 1929, construction of the park at Promontory Point began. The Great Depression delayed work and prevented construction of nearshore islands. Burnham Park was chosen for the site of the Century of Progress world's fair and a yacht basin was built south of 51st Street.
1930s-1940s.
In 1933 and 1934, the Century of Progress International Exposition was held in Burnham Park. In the mid-1930s, the Chicago Park District used funds from the federal Works Progress Administration to complete landfill operations and install landscaping at Promontory Point by renowned designer Alfred Caldwell, a professor at the Illinois Institute of Technology. In 1935, Mayor Edward Joseph Kelly explored the idea of a permanent fair in the park. The state passed a bill creating the Metropolitan Fair and Exposition Authority and allowed construction of Meigs Field, after Northerly Island lost out as the site for the United Nations. In 1948, Burnham Park hosted the Chicago Railroad Fair, proving the location's viability for conventions, which eventually led to the construction of the first McCormick Place in 1960.
Balbo Monument.
One highlight of the 1933 Century of Progress World's Fair was popular Italian aviator and prominent fascist Italo Balbo, leading 24 flying boats in landing on Lake Michigan after a transatlantic flight from Rome. Balbo's squadron left Italy on June 30, 1933, and arrived on July 15, after making several short stops. To honor his journey, 7th Street was renamed Balbo Drive. As a return gift, Benito Mussolini sent an ancient 2nd-century Roman column, which was erected in front of the Italian pavilion during the Century of Progress Exposition. Located near the lakefront bike trail east of Soldier Field, the Balbo Monument is one of the few relics remaining from the fair. The column is from a portico near the Porta Marina of Ostia Antica and stands on a marble base with inscriptions in both Italian and English reading:
"This column, twenty centuries old, was erected on the beach of Ostia, the port of Imperial Rome, to watch over the fortunes and victories of the Roman triremes. Fascist Italy, with the sponsorship of Benito Mussolini, presents to Chicago a symbol and memorial in honor of the Atlantic Squadron led by Balbo, which with Roman daring, flew across the ocean in the 11th year of the Fascist era."
1950s-1970s.
During the 1950s, the park was the host of a Project Nike air defense system missile site. The United States Department of Defense and the United States Army kept similar sites in 40 United States cities during the Cold War and dismantled them in 1971. The original McCormick Place burned down in 1967, and despite opposition, a new facility opened in Burnham Park in 1971.
Burnham Park today.
Facilities.
The Museum Campus, which includes the Adler Planetarium, Shedd Aquarium and Field Museum, was annexed to Grant Park from Burnham Park in the late 1990s. Burnham Park's still contain Soldier Field and Chicago's premier convention center, McCormick Place-on-the-Lake, which hosts more than four million people per year. The Chicago Park District maintains several beaches and also operates a all-concrete skatepark, just south of the 31st Street Beachhouse. It has been widely reported that when U.S. President Barack Obama returns to visit his Chicago home in the Kenwood community area, he is transported by helicopter from O'Hare International Airport to Burnham Park, where he is transferred to his motorcade.
Harbors and marinas.
The park includes two harbors for the docking of fishing and leisure craft. Located adjacent to the Museum Campus and Soldier Field, Burnham Harbor is created by Northerly Island. It contains 1120 docking facilities, a harbor store, a boat ramp, and the Burnham Park Yacht Club. The 31st Street Harbor, adjacent to the 31st Street Beach, opened in 2012. It contains 1000 floating slips, a harbor store, and a boat ramp. It also provides new park amenities.
Morgan Shoal.
In 1999, the Park District initiated a long-range planning program for a number of lakefront and historic parks. On January 5, 2000, the Park District made its first move towards adding acreage to the park by adopting the Burnham Park Framework Plan. The project, which as of 2009 was still continuing, is a joint commission of the Park District, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the City of Chicago Department of Environment. The project has been delayed in part because the Corps of Engineers has been diverted to design projects for the Iraq War. In conjunction with Harza Engineering, BauerLatoza Studio designed a nature area within a portion of the park between 45th and 51st Streets, featuring the shallow bedrock in an area known as Morgan Shoal. The $42 million expansion will increase parkland by , filling Lake Michigan.
Chicago Lakefront Trail.
The Chicago Lakefront Trail (LFT) is an multi-use path along Lake Michigan's shoreline. It is popular with cyclists and joggers. From north to south, it runs through Lincoln Park, Grant Park, Burnham Park, and Jackson Park.


Flat Ridge Wind Farm

The Flat Ridge Wind Farm is an electricity generating wind facility spanning the intersection of Barber, Harper and Kingman County in the U.S. state of Kansas, located about southwest of the city of Wichita. It was constructed in two phases and has a total generating capacity of 570.4 megawatts (MW), becoming the largest such facility in the state upon its completion in 2012.
Facility details.
Flat Ridge 1 was jointly developed, financed, and continues to be jointly owned by BP Alternative Energy and Westar Energy. BP is also selling its share of the power generated to Westar, which is the largest electricity distributor in Kansas. This initial phase consists of 40 Clipper Liberty C96 wind turbines, each rated at 2.5 MW, for a total capacity of 100 MW.
Construction began in May 2008 covering about 5,000 acres of farm and ranch land in eastern Barber County. Signal Wind Energy was awarded the contract to erect the turbines and build the balance of the plant; including all access roads, turbine foundations, and the electrical collection and transmission system. Flat Ridge 1 was fully online by the middle of 2009, and is operated and maintained by BP's AE Power Services.
Flat Ridge 2 was initially developed by BP Alternative Energy for a capacity of 419.2 MW, and was then expanded by 51.2 MW to meet further demand. This phase consists of 294 GE 1.6 MW wind turbines. The electricity is being sold under separate power purchase agreements to utilities in Missouri, Arkansas, and Louisiana. BP and Sempra Energy jointly own and financed the nearly $800 million project.
Blattner Energy was awarded the construction contract for phase 2. It is thus far one of the largest projects in the U.S. to be built in a single phase, creating about 500 construction jobs, and 30 long-term positions. In addition to the 66,000 acre plant, a new 46 mile transmission line was built to a 345kV substation in Sumner County. Flat Ridge 2 reached full capacity in December 2012, and is also operated and maintained by AE Power Services.
Electricity production.
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Carex leptopoda


Eucalyptus rossii

Eucalyptus rossii, commonly known as inland scribbly gum or white gum, is a species of small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. It has smooth bark with insect scribbles, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between nine and fifteen, white flowers and hemispherical or shortened spherical fruit.
Description.
"Eucalyptus rossii" is a tree that typically grows to a height of around and forms a lignotuber. It normally has a solitary straight trunk and an open, moderately dense crown that reaches a width of about . The smooth yellowish bark sheds in patches throughout the year and usually has insect scribbles. Young plants and coppice regrowth have lance-shaped, narrow lance-shaped or curved leaves that are long and wide. Adult leaves are arranged alternately, the same shade of green on both sides, narrow lance-shaped to lance-shaped, long and wide, tapering to a petiole long.
The flower buds are mostly arranged in leaf axils in clusters of between five and fifteen on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on pedicels long. Mature buds are oval to club-shaped, long and wide with a rounded operculum. Flowering occurs between September and February and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, cup-shaped, hemispherical or shortened spherical capsule long and wide with the valves near rim level.
Taxonomy.
"Eucalyptus rossii" was first formally described in 1902 by the botanist Richard Thomas Baker and chemist Henry George Smith in "A Research on the Eucalypts especially in regard to their Essential Oils". The specific epithet ("rossii") honours William John Clunies-Ross (1850-1914), for his attention to the flora of the Bathurst region.
Distribution and habitat.
Inland scribbly gum has a scattered distribution over the New South Wales tablelands, western slopes and the central coast, from Tenterfield in the north to Bombala in the south. The trees grow well in sandy and stony well-drained soils, usually on slopes. They are found in areas with moderate temperatures and rainfall of per annum. They are part of open dry sclerophyll woodland communities and associated species include "E. haemastoma" and "E. racemosa".
Ecology.
These trees usually have scribble marks on the bark formed by the burrowing larvae of a small moth, "Ogmograptis scribula". The insect lays eggs within layers of bark and when the larvae hatch they burrow into the bark.
Use in horticulture.
"E. rossii" is available commercially in seed form or as seedlings. It is useful as a shade tree which grows well in full sun with well drained soils that can cope in poor shallow, stony soils. It is both drought and frost tolerant with a flower display through summer that will attract birds.


Berberis verruculosa

Berberis verruculosa, the warty barberry or warted barberry, is an evergreen shrub, ranging in size from 1–2 m, native to western China (Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan). It gets its common name from its "warty" stems, that have rounded, more or less identical, raised spots.
"Berberis verruculosa" is a shrub up to 100 cm tall, with yellow spines along the twigs. Leaves are 1.5–2 cm long, hard, leathery, glossy dark green above, vivid white below with stomatal wax; in cold winter weather, the leaves may turn purplish-green above on exposed shoots. The flowers are small, yellow, and mature into dark purple berries 6–10 mm long.
Cultivation.
"Berberis verruculosa" is cultivated in temperate regions as an ornamental plant, and grows well in any garden soil. It thrives in shade or partial shade. The plant has been awarded the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.


Keraudrenia nephrosperma

Keraudrenia nephrosperma is a shrub of the family Malvaceae native to northwestern Australia.


Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. pauciflora

Eucalyptus pauciflora" subsp. "pauciflora, commonly known as snow gum, cabbage gum or white sally is a tree or mallee that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has smooth bark, glossy green, lance-shaped, curved or elliptical leaves, flower buds in groups of between nine and fifteen, white flowers and cup-shaped, hemispherical or conical fruit.
Description.
"Eucalyptus pauciflora" subsp. "pauciflora" is a tree or mallee that typically grows to a height of and forms a lignotuber. The bark is smooth, grey, white or cream-coloured with patches of yellow and usually has insect scribbles. Young plants and coppice regrowth have dull bluish green or glaucous, broadly lance-shaped or egg-shaped leaves that are long, wide and petiolate. Adult leaves are lance-shaped, curved or elliptical, long and wide, on a petiole long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of between nine and fifteen on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on pedicels up to long. Mature buds are oval, long and wide with a conical to rounded operculum. Flowering occurs between August and April and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody cup-shaped, hemispherical or conical capsule long and wide with the valves near rim level or below it.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Eucalyptus pauciflora" was first formally described in 1827 by Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel from an unpublished description by Franz Sieber and Sprengel's description was published in "Systema Vegetabilium". When Lawrie Johnson and Donald Blaxell published subspecies "debeuzevillei" and "niphophila", subspecies "pauciflora" became the autonym.
Distribution and habitat.
Subspecies "pauciflora" is the most widespread subspecies of "Eucalyptus pauciflora" and is found from near Stanthorpe in the far south east of Queensland, through New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania to Mount Gambier in the south east of South Australia. It also occurs from coastal areas such as the Mornington Peninsula to all but the highest altitudes in the Australian Alps. It grows in woodland and forest, often in pure stands, but often also with other eucalypt species.


Lemurorchis madagascariensis