Mycosphaerella stigmina-platani

Mycosphaerella stigmina-platani is a fungal plant pathogen.


Euseius finlandicus

Euseius finlandicus is a species of mite in the family Phytoseiidae. It is found in Europe.


Sulphur Springs Reservation


Tillandsia baileyi

Tillandsia baileyi, commonly known as the reflexed airplant or Bailey's ball moss, is a species of bromeliad that is native to southern Texas in the United States and Tamaulipas in Mexico. It is found along the Gulf of Mexico from Kingsville, Texas to Tampico, Tamaulipas. Preferred host plants for this epiphyte include Southern live oak ("Quercus virginiana") and Texas ebony ("Ebenopsis ebano").


Metajapyx subterraneus

Metajapyx subterraneus is a species of forcepstail in the family Japygidae. It is found in North America.


City commission government

City commission government is a form of local government in the United States. In a city commission government, voters elect a small commission, typically of five to seven members, on a plurality-at-large voting basis.
These commissioners constitute the legislative body of the city and, as a group, are responsible for taxation, appropriations, ordinances, and other general functions. Individual commissioners are also assigned executive responsibility for a specific aspect of municipal affairs, such as public works, finance, or public safety. This form of government thus blends legislative and executive branch functions in the same body.
One commissioner may be designated to function as mayor, but this largely is an honorific or ceremonial designation. The mayor principally serves as chairman or president of the commission, and typically does not have additional powers over and above the other commissioners. Chairing meetings is the principal role. Such a "mayor" is in many ways similar to the "weak mayor" form of mayor–council government, but without any direct election for the office. However, some cities with this form of government, such as Portland, Oregon and Bismarck, North Dakota; have an elected mayor.
History.
This form of government originated in Galveston, Texas as a response to the Galveston Hurricane of 1900, mainly for the reason that extra support was needed in certain areas. After its constitutionality was tested and confirmed, this form of government quickly became popular across the state of Texas and spread to other parts of the United States.
Des Moines, Iowa became the first city outside Texas to adopt this form.
University of Chicago Professor Charles Zueblin was a major advocate of the commission plan of government, believing that every city in the United States would eventually adopt it. Zueblin also predicted that the system would eventually replace the United States Senate and House of Representatives. He believed the commission system would allow better lawmakers to be selected and that they would be subject to higher scrutiny.
Of the 30 most populous cities in the United States, Portland is the only city with a commission government. A measure to change to the council-manager form of government was defeated 76%-24% on the May 2007 ballot.
As a form, commission government once was common, but has largely been supplanted as many cities that once used it have since switched to the council-manager form of government. Proponents of the council-manager form typically consider the city commission form to be the predecessor of, not the alternative to, the council-manager form of government. The council-manager form of government developed, at least in part, as a response to some perceived limitations of the commission form. In the council-manager form, the elected council exercises the legislative power of the city and appoints a manager, who possesses the executive power. Thus the executive powers, divided among the commissioners in a commission form, are instead concentrated in the manager, who then delegates responsibility to department heads and other staff members. The council-manager form became the preferred alternative for progressive reform, and after World War I, very few cities adopted the commission form and many cities using the commission plan switched to the council-manager form. Galveston itself changed forms in 1960.


Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge

The Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge of the United States on the border between California and Oregon. It is operated by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The refuge was designated a National Historic Landmark on October 16, 1965.
Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, established by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1908, was the first waterfowl refuge in the United States. It is located in the Klamath Basin near Klamath Falls, Oregon. It has a total area of , of which are in California and are in Oregon. The refuge includes shallow freshwater marshes, open water, grassy uplands, and croplands that are intensively managed to provide foraging and breeding habitat for waterfowl and other animals. The market hunting of migratory birds in the late 19th century created the need for preservation and creation of a wildlife refuge.
Refuge objectives include the protection of habitat for flora and fauna, including migrating waterfowl, and preserving the biodiversity of the Klamath Basin. It works to integrate wetlands and sustainable agriculture and promote integrated pest management. The refuge provides wildlife-related public services, including education, hunting, and viewing and photography opportunities.
Avian species on the refuge include the bald eagle, golden eagle, American white pelican, white-faced ibis, snow goose, Ross's goose, greater white-fronted goose, Canada goose, peregrine falcon, northern pintail, mallard, gadwall, canvasback, western grebe, eared grebe, black tern, and tricolored blackbird.
Conservation and management activities include the maintenance of a local water infrastructure and the monitoring of the interaction between agriculture and habitat. Issues in focus include the loss of wetland habitat, the degradation of water quality, drought, and water rights.


Lophospermum purpusii

Lophospermum purpusii is a scambling or climbing herbaceous perennial native to Mexico (the states of Oaxaca and Puebla). It has tubular flowers, white at the base and red to violet elsewhere.


Battle Island State Park

Battle Island State Park is a state park located on the Oswego River in Oswego County, New York. Included within the park is the 18-hole Battle Island State Park Golf Course. The park is located on the west bank of the river, north of the City of Fulton, along New York State Highway 48.
History.
Battle Island State Park's name refers to a battle that took place on a nearby island on July 3, 1756, during the French and Indian War. The battle commenced after a British fleet, returning from delivering supplies to Fort Ontario, was ambushed by a party of French and Indians. Although outnumbered, British and Colonial forces were able repulse several attacks by using the island as a stronghold. The island identified on maps as "Battle Island" was created during the excavation of an adjacent canal; the battle actually took place on a smaller island just to the south.
Battle Island State Park occupies land originally owned by Frederick A. Emerick, who deeded of the park's property to the state in 1916. When the remainder of his property was turned over to the state in 1938, the land was officially designated as a state park.
Facilities.
One of the park's main attractions is its 18-hole, par 72 golf course, designed by Devereux Emmett. The course length is from its longest tees.
The park also offers trails for cross-country skiing and a food concession.


Prostanthera magnifica

Prostanthera magnifica, commonly known as magnificent prostanthera, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is a slender to spreading, erect shrub that has hairy stems, elliptical to narrow egg-shaped leaves and pale mauve or pale blue to pink flowers with prominent dark mauve to purple sepals.
Description.
"Prostanthera magnifica" is a slender, to spreading, erect shrub that typically grows to a height of and has slightly flattened, more or less hairy branches. The leaves are elliptic to narrow egg-shaped, long and wide on a petiole long. The flowers are arranged in bunches of six to eighteen near the ends of branchlets, each flower on a pedicel long. The sepals are dark mauve to purple, forming a tube long with two prominent, egg-shaped lobes, the lower lobe long and wide, the upper lobe long and wide. The petals are pale mauve or pale blue to pink with dark purple spots, long forming a tube long with two lips. The central lobe of the lower lip is long and wide and the side lobes long and wide. The upper lip is long and wide with a central notch deep. Flowering occurs from August to November.
Taxonomy.
"Prostanthera magnifica" was first formally described in 1943 by Charles Austin Gardner in the "Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia" from specimens collected near Mullewa by William Blackall.
Distribution and habitat.
Magnificent prostanthera grows on granite outcrops, ironstone hills and rock crevices in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Geraldton Sandplains, Murchison and Yalgoo biogeographic regions of Western Australia.
Conservation status.
This mintbush is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
Use in horticulture.
"Prostanthera magnifica" prefers a sunny or partly shaded position in well-drained soil. It is sensitive to both frost and humidity. Propagation is successful from both seed and cuttings, though seed germination is slow. Grafting is often used to produce a longer-living plant with rootstocks including "Westringia fruticosa" and "Prostanthera striatiflora". The latter gives rise to plants with a longer flowering period and less unwanted growth below the graft.


Eucalyptus codonocarpa

Eucalyptus codonocarpa, commonly known as the bell-fruited mallee ash or New England mallee ash, is a flowering plant that is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a slender mallee with smooth, grey, yellow or brownish bark, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flowers buds in groups of three or seven, white flowers and bell-shaped fruit. It grows on the Northern Tablelands in New South Wales and nearby areas in Queensland.
Description.
"Eucalyptus codonocarpa" is a slender mallee that typically grows to a height of and forms a lignotuber. The bark is smooth, grey, yellow or brownish and there are sometimes ribbons of shed bark hanging from the upper branches. The leaves on young plants and on coppice regrowth are arranged in opposite pairs near the ends of the stems, linear to narrow lance-shaped, long, wide and glossy green. Adult leaves are arranged alternately, the same glossy green on both sides, lance-shaped to slightly curved, long and wide on a petiole long. The flower buds are arranged in groups of three or seven on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on a pedicel long. Mature buds are club-shaped, long and wide with a rounded to flattened and warty operculum. Flowering occurs from March to June and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, bell-shaped capsule long and wide, with the valves below the rim.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Eucalyptus codonocarpa" was first formally described in 1930 by the William Blakely and Ernest McKie in "Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales". The specific epithet ("codonocarpa") is derived from the Ancient Greek words "kodon" meaning "bell" and "karpos" meaning "fruit", referring to the shape of the fruit.
Distribution and habitat.
Bell-fruited mallee ash grows in shrubland in sandy soil among granite outcrops north from Ebor on the Northern Tablelands and in adjacent areas in Queensland.


Gynochthodes hollrungiana

Gynochthodes hollrungiana is a plant in the family Rubiaceae. Ii is found only in New Guinea.
Taxonomy.
"G. hollrungiana" was first described by Theodoric Valeton in 1927 as "Morinda hollrungiana". In 2011, based on new molecular studies, the genera, "Morinda"
and "Gynochthodes", were redescribed, which necessitated new combinations and names for species in these genera. This resulted in "Morinda hollrungiana" being assigned to the genus "Gynochthodes" by Sylvain Razafimandimbison and Birgitta Bremer.
Etymology.
The species epithet, "hollrungiana", honours Max Hollrung, a German botanist who collected in Kaiser Wilhelms Land (New Guinea) and who collected the type specimen of "Morinda hollrungiana".


Aspidodiadema meijerei

Aspidodiadema meijerei is a species of sea urchin of the family Aspidodiadematidae. Its armor is covered with spines. It is placed in the genus Aspidodiadema and lives in the sea. Aspidodiadema meijerei was first scientifically described in 1906 by Döderlein.


Cortinarius occidentalis

Cortinarius occidentalis is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus "Cortinarius" native to the Northern Hemisphere.


Tylopilus punctatofumosus

Tylopilus punctatofumosus is a bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae found in China. It was described as new to science in 1948 by Wei-Fan Chiu as a species of "Boletus"; F.L. Tai transferred it to the genus "Tylopilus" in 1979. The fruit body has a hemispherical to cushion-shaped, white cap measuring in diameter. The pores on the cap underside measure less than 1 mm wide. The flesh in the stipe is whitish to yellowish at the base, and does not change color with injury. It has ellipsoid spores measuring 9–11 by 5–6 µm. The type collection was made in Chichushan (Yunnan Province), in September 1938 growing under the conifer species Chinese white pine ("Pinus armandii"). Related Asian "Tylopilus" species include "T. javanicus" and "T. roseolus".


Lepidium howei-insulae

 Lepidium howei-insulae , commonly known as mustard & cress, is a flowering plant in the mustard and cabbage family. The specific epithet alludes to Lord Howe Island, where it is found.
Description.
It is a perennial subshrub, sometimes with creeping stems, growing to about 1 m in height. The acute to subapiculate, fleshy, glabrous leaves are usually 2–6 cm long, 2–4 mm wide. The small white flowers have petals 1.5 mm long. The ellipsoidal seeds are 1.5 mm long.
Distribution and habitat.
The plant is endemic to Australia’s subtropical Lord Howe Island group in the Tasman Sea. As well as having a scattered distribution on the main island, where it occupies rocky ledges and sandy pockets near the sea, it has been recorded from the nearby stack of Balls Pyramid.


Brissopsis atlantica

Brissopsis atlantica is a species of sea urchin of the Family Brissidae. Their armour is covered with spines. "Brissopsis atlantica" was first scientifically described in 1907 by Ole Theodor Jensen Mortensen.


Chaetodiadema

Chaetodiadema is a genus of sea urchins of the Family Diadematidae. Their armour is covered with spines.
List of species.
Following World Register of Marine Species:


Phallogaster saccatus


Olea rubrovenia

Olea rubrovenia is a woody plant in the Olive genus "Olea". The plant is native to Borneo and the Philippines.
Description.
"Olea rubrovenia" grows as a shrub or tree, up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is whitish.
The specific epithet "rubrovenia" is from the Latin meaning "red veins", referring to the leaf veins.
The fragrant flowers are creamy white or greenish yellow.
The fruit ripens into a purple-black olive.


Guzmania squarrosa

Guzmania squarrosa is a plant species in the genus "Guzmania". This species is native to Bolivia, Guyana, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, and Ecuador.


Acacia trineura

Acacia trineura, known colloquially as three-nerve wattle or three nerved wattle or green wattle, is a species of "Acacia" native to south eastern Australia.
Description.
The shrub or small tree typically grows to a height of and has a rounded habit. The slightly angular and hoary branchlets have resinous ridges and smooth grey bark. Like most species of "Acacia" it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The glabrous, thinly leathery and evergreen phyllodes have an obovate to oblanceolate shape with a length of and a widtrh of and are straight to shallowly curved with three resinous and distinct main veins that are impressed in crests of low ridges and surrounded by many secondary veins. It blooms between August and October. The inflorescences occur in groups of three to eight on an axillary axis that is in length. the spherical flower-heads have a diameter of and contain 12 to 25 pale yellow to yellow coloured flowers. After flowering papery and sparsely haired seed pods form that are straight and more or less flat but raised over and constricted between each of the seeds. The pods are in length and wide. The glossy black seeds inside are about in length and have an oblong shape.
Taxonomy.
The species was first formally described by the botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in 1863 as a part of the work "Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae". It was reclassified by Leslie Pedley in 2003 as "Racosperma trineurum" then returned to genus "Acacia" in 2006. The specific epithet is in reference to the three main veins visible in the phyllodes. It is thought to be quite closely related to "Acacia redolens", a species found in Western Australia.
Distribution.
It is endemic to south eastern New South Wales, northern Victoria and south eastern South Australia. In New South Wales the range of the plant is mainly between West Wyalong, Condobolin and Forbes where it is usually found growing in red earth soils as a part of mallee communities. In Victoria it is found in the Lowan Mallee, Murray Mallee and Wimmera regions where it found near water sources growing in red earth or clay soils. It is considered to be a vulnerable species in Victoria It is considered to be rare in South Australia and is confined the south eastern part of the state to the south-west of Naracoorte growing in dark coloured but shallow cracking clays.


Wynnea americana

Wynnea americana, commonly known as moose antlers or rabbit ears, is a species of fungus in the family Sarcoscyphaceae. This uncommon inedible species is recognizable by its spoon-shaped or rabbit-ear shaped fruit bodies that may reach up to tall. It has dark brown and warty outer surfaces, while the fertile spore-bearing inner surface is orange to pinkish to reddish brown. The fruit bodies grow clustered together from large underground masses of compacted mycelia known as sclerotia. In eastern North America, where it is typically found growing in the soil underneath hardwood trees, it is found from New York to Michigan south to Mexico. The species has also been collected from Costa Rica, India, and Japan.
"Wynnea americana" is distinguished from other species in the genus "Wynnea" by the pustules (small bumps) on the outer surface, and microscopically by the large asymmetrical longitudinally ribbed spores with a sharply pointed tip. The spores are made in structures called asci, which have thickened rings at one end that are capped by a hinged structure known as the operculum—a lid that is opened when spores are to be released from the ascus.
History and taxonomy.
"Wynnea americana" was first described in 1905 by American mycologist Roland Thaxter. Thaxter found several clusters of fruit bodies in Burbank, Tennessee in 1888, and believed the fungus to be "Wynnea macrotis", one of the first identified species of genus "Wynnea". An 1896 visit to the same location as well as Cranberry, North Carolina yielded further specimens. This time, however, Thaxter noticed that the fruit bodies were not attached to humus, as expected, but rather to "a large, irregularly lobed, brown, firm, tuber-like body buried a few inches deep in the humus." Microscopic examination of this structure and other tissue of the fruit body convinced Thaxter the material was sufficiently different from known "Wynnea" species to justify the creation of a new species. Both the Tennessee and the North Carolina specimens were used as syntypes to describe the taxon; the Tennessee specimen has since been designated the lectotype (the name-bearing type specimen). In 1946, French mycologist Marcelle Louise Fernande Le Gal determined that the ascus in "W. americana" was similar in structure to those species he placed in the suboperculate series.
The common names for "W. americana" are "moose antlers", or "rabbit ears".
Description.
The fruit bodies (technically called apothecia) of "W. americana" are erect and spoon- or ear-shaped, and may reach up to tall by wide with the edges usually rolled inward. The outside surface is dark brown, while the inner surface—the spore-bearing hymenium—is pinkish orange to dull purplish red or brown at maturity. The outer surface may develop wrinkles in maturity. The apothecia, which occur singly or in groups of up to about 25, arise from a short stalk. The stalk is variable in length and solid, dark outside, white within. The stalks originate from a sclerotium, a compact mass of hardened mycelium. The sclerotium has an almost gelatinous consistency with irregularly shaped lobes and internal chambers, and may reach a diameter of . The sclerotium's function is thought to supply moisture and nutrients, or to serve as a resistant structure capable of sustaining the fungus through times of stress. "W. macrotis" is the only other species in the genus to bear a sclerotium.
"Wynnea americana" has no discernible odor, and its taste is unknown. It has been described as inedible due to its toughness.
Microscopic characteristics.
 With many cup fungi, microscopic analysis of the anatomy and structure of the apothecium is necessary for accurate identification of species, or to help distinguish between related species that have a similar external appearance. In "W. americana", the ectal excipulum (the outer layer of tissue comprising the apothecia) is 125 µm thick, and composed of dark angular to roughly spherical cells that are 40–70 µm in diameter. The angular cells form pyramidal warts on the outer surface. The medullary excipulum (the inner fleshy layer of tissue underneath the ectal excipulum) is almost gelatinous, composed of interwoven hyphae 10 µm in diameter.
Several structural components are involved in spore discharge in "W. americana", such as the ascus, the operculum, the suboperculum. The spore-bearing cells, the asci, are 330–400 µm long by 16–20 µm wide. The ascus has a thickened apical ring that is capped by a hinged operculum, a lid that is opened when spores are to be released from the ascus. The presence of the apical ring beneath the operculum and the slanted opening that results is a condition known as "suboperculate", and is shared with "Cookeina tricholoma" and "Phillipsia domingensis", also in the family Sarcoscyphaceae.
The spores are scaphoid (boat-shaped), and have dimensions of 35–38 by 12–14 µm. They are marked with prominent longitudinal grooves, and when mature, are apiculate (ending abruptly in a short point). The spores typically contain several oil droplets. The paraphyses (sterile cells interspersed among the asci) are 8–9 µm long and have internal partitions called septa. The structure of the septa has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy, which has revealed that "W. americana" has a single pore plugged by a "fan-shaped matrix"—an electron-dense region with a torus-shaped ring of translucent tissue wrapped around it. The pore plug resembles those found in the Sarcoscyphaceae species "Sarcoscypha occidentalis" and "Phillipsia domingensis".
Similar species.
The closely related "Wynnea sparassoides", known in the vernacular as the "stalked cauliflower fungus", has a fruit body resembling a yellow-brown cauliflower atop a long brown stem. In comparison to "W. americana", "W. gigantea" has apothecia that are smaller, more rounded at the tips, more numerous in a single specimen, and paler in color. Donald H. Pfister, in his 1979 monograph on the genus "Wynnea", suggests that the pustulate appearance of the outer surface clearly distinguishes "W. americana" from the other species in the genus.
Habitat and distribution.
The fruit bodies of "Wynnea americana" grow solitarily or in clusters on the ground in deciduous forests, and prefer moist, organic soils. In both Asia and North America, fruit bodies are most often produced during August and September. The single Central American collection, from Costa Rica, was made in early November.
In North America, "Wynnea americana" has been collected from several locations, including Tennessee, New York, West Virginia, North Carolina, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. It has also been collected in Costa Rica, India, Mexico, and Japan.


Eucalyptus dalrympleana

Eucalyptus dalrympleana, commonly known as mountain gum, mountain white gum, white gum and broad-leaved ribbon gum, is a species of tree that is endemic to southeastern Australia. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three or seven, white flowers and cup-shaped, bell-shaped or hemispherical fruit.
Description.
"Eucalyptus dalrympleana" is a tree that typically grows to a height of and forms a lignotuber. It has smooth white to yellowish bark, sometimes with a short stocking of rough bark. Young plants and coppice regrowth have leaves arranged in opposite pairs and are egg-shaped or heart-shaped to more or less round, long and wide. Adult leaves are arranged alternately, lance-shaped to curved, the same colour on both sides, long and wide on a petiole long. The flower buds are arranged in groups of three or seven in leaf axils on a peduncle long, the individual buds sessile or on a pedicel up to long. Mature buds are oval, green to yellow, long and wide with a conical to rounded operculum. Flowering mainly occurs between March and June and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody cup-shaped, bell-shaped or hemispherical capsule long and wide.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Eucalyptus dalrympleana" was first formally described in 1920 by Joseph Maiden from a specimen collected by Wilfred de Beuzeville near Yarrangobilly. The description was published in Maiden's book, "The Forest Flora of New South Wales". The specific epithet ("dalrympleana") honours the forester, Richard Dalrymple Hay.
In 1962, Lawrie Johnson described two subspecies and the names have been accepted by the Australian Plant Census:
Distribution and habitat.
Mountain gum grows in woodland and forest at higher elevations in far south-eastern Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania. Subspecies "heptantha" is only found in far south-eastern Queensland and on the northern tablelands of New South Wales. Subspecies "dalrympleana" occurs south from the central and southern tablelands of New South Wales. The species is rare in South Australia where it only occurs in the Mount Lofty Ranges.
Use in horticulture.
In cultivation in the UK, "E. dalrympleana" is fully hardy down to but prefers some shelter. It grows best in full sun. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.


Atopetholus angelus

Atopetholus angelus is a species of millipede in the family Atopetholidae. It is found in North America.


Jensia rammii

Jensia rammii is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Ramm's madia. It is endemic to California, where it is limited to the northern slopes of the Sierra Nevada and its foothills.
"Jensia rammii" is an annual herb with a hairy, glandular, branching stem up to 60 centimeters (2 feet) tall. The inflorescence produces flower heads on long peduncles. The head has 5-12 yellow ray florets up to a centimeter (0.4 inches) long with lobed tips. The 16–65 yellow disc florets at the center have black anthers. The fruit is an achene a few millimeters long.


Polygonum sawatchense

Polygonum sawatchense is a North American species of plants in the buckwheat family. It in the western United States and western Canada, from the Pacific Coast to the western Great Plains, so from British Columbia south to California and east as far as New Mexico, Colorado, Saskatchewan, and the Dakotas.
"Polygonum sawatchense" is a branching, hairless herb up to tall. Leaves are narrow, up to long. Flowers are green, red, or white, in elongated arrays.
Species is named for the Sawatch Range in Colorado, where Brandegee collected the type specimen.>


Pritchardiopsis jeanneneyi


Fosterella micrantha

Fosterella micrantha is a plant species in the genus "Fosterella". This species is native to Mexico (Nuevo León, Veracruz, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Guerrero), Guatemala, and El Salvador.


Hieracium spathulatum

Hieracium spathulatum is a species of hawkweed in the sunflower family, native to Spain.


Acer davidii

Acer davidii, or Père David's maple, is a species of maple in the snakebark maple group. It is native to China, from Jiangsu south to Fujian and Guangdong, and west to southeastern Gansu and Yunnan.
The tree was originally discovered by a chinese person lost to history but a French priest Armand David who was in Central China as a missionary took the credit. It was re-discovered by Charles Maries during his visit to Jiangsu in 1878.
It is a small deciduous tree growing to 10–15 m tall with a trunk up to 40 cm in diameter, though usually smaller and often with multiple trunks, and a spreading crown of long, arching branches. The bark is smooth, olive-green with regular narrow pale vertical stripes on young trees, eventually becoming dull grey-brown at the base of old trees. The leaves are 6–18 cm long and 4–9 cm broad, with a petiole 3–6 cm long; they are dark green above, paler below, ovate, unlobed or weakly three-lobed, with a serrated margin. They turn to bright yellow, orange or red in the autumn. The flowers are small, yellow, with five sepals and petals about 4 mm long; they are produced on arching to pendulous 7–12 cm racemes in late spring, with male and female flowers on different racemes. The samara nutlets are 7–10 mm long and 4–6 mm broad, with a wing 2–3 cm long and 5 mm broad.
Subspecies and cultivars.
There are two subspecies, often treated as a distinct species:
Along with "A. rufinerve", the two subspecies of Père David's maple are among the most commonly cultivated snakebark maples. Both are relatively hardy and fast-growing.
Among the cultivars of "A. davidii" are:-
In some cases, these cultivars cannot be assigned to one subspecies or the other but are simply considered cultivars of "A. davidii".


Tromeropsis microtheca


Hieracium albertinum

Hieracium albertinum, known as western hawkweed or houndstongue hawkweed, is a species of the genus "Hieracium" that is very similar to "Hieracium albiflorum" with white flowers but differs in that the flower heads are clustered and the leaves, stems and bracts are covered in a thick layer of hairs. Standing to tall, it can be found blooming from June through August in forest clearings.
"Hieracium scouleri" or Scouler's woollyweed, which has also been accepted as a synonym for "Hieracium albertinum", has a different distribution range and yellow flowers.
There is some concern for "Hieracium albertinum" (and other native species) because while they are members of the genus "Hieracium" whose introduced species are often aggressively invasive or weedy, reproducing vegetatively from aboveground runners called stolons or from wandering underground stems called rhizomes, the less aggressive native hawkweeds reproduce only by reseeding.
While not listed as endangered, "H. albertinum" is somewhat threatened while its environment is overrun by the aggressive non-native family as well as being listed as a noxious weed due to its membership in the same genus.
Distribution.
"Hieracium albertinum" is native to North America and found east of the Cascades in the states of Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington and Wyoming.


Leontopodium coreanum

Leontopodium coreanum, also known as Korean edelweiss, is a species of plant in the aster family. It is native to Korea and comprises two varieties: "L. coreanum" var. "coreanum" and "L. coreanum" var. "hallaisanense".


Podocarpus pendulifolius

Podocarpus pendulifolius is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is endemic to Venezuela. Its common names include Pino Carbón and Pino Hayuco.
This tree grows in rainforest habitat, sometimes at high elevation just below the páramo. At elevation it may take a dwarfed form, but otherwise it may grow to 20 meters in height.


Centrolepis inconspicua

Centrolepis inconspicua is a species of plant in the Restionaceae family and is found in Western Australia.
The minute annual herb has a tufted habit and typically grows to a height of approximately . It blooms between August and October.
It is found in beds of moss, in swamps, on the margins of salt lakes and along the margins of watercourses along the west coast in the Wheatbelt, Mid West and Peel regions of Western Australia.


Acacia rossei

Acacia rossei, also known as Yellowdine wattle, is a shrub of the genus "Acacia" and the subgenus "Phyllodineae" that is endemic to south western Australia.
Description.
The spindly, open and viscid shrub typically grows to a height of . It is sparingly branched with glabrous branchlets that become roughened by stem-projections the once held the phyllodes in place and setaceous stipules with a elngth of in length.. Like most species of "Acacia" it has pyllodes rather than true leaves. The tick and evergreen phyllodes are crowded on the branchlets and are patent to erect. The phyllodes have a linear shape and are straight to shallowly curved with a length of and a width of with a resinous midrib and abaxial nerves. It blooms from August to January and produces yellow flowers. The inflorescence are composed of spherical flowerheads that are densely pack with 65 to 75 golden coloured flowers. The crustceous seed pods that form after flowering have a narrowly oblong shape with a length of and a width of and are roughened by brown excrescences. The oblong to widely elliptic seeds inside have a length of .
Taxonomy.
The species was first formally described by the botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in 1893 as part of the work "Descriptions of new Australian plants, with occasional other annotations (continued)" as published in "The Victorian Naturalist". It was reclassified as "Racosperma rossei" by Leslie Pedley then transferred back to genus "Acacia" in 2006. It resembles and is thought to be closely related to "Acacia glutinosissima" and "Acacia handonis" found in Queensland has the same type of excrescences on the seed pod.
Distribution.
It is native to an area in the Wheatbelt and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia where it is commonly situated on sandplains growing in sandy lateritic soils. The range of the shrub extends from around Kellerberrin in the west to around Hyden in the south and Yellowdine in the east and is commonly found in disturbed areas like road verges and will regenerate after bushfires, it is usually a part of tall shrubland communities.
Cultivation.
The shrub is sold commercially and is known for the showy flower display. It prefers an open position in full sun in a light well drained soil and is moderately frost tolerant and drought resistant.


Ring-tentacle anemone

The ring-tentacle anemone ("Isanthus capensis") is a species of sea anemone in the family Isanthidae.
Description.
The ring-tentacle anemone grows up to 1 cm in diameter. It is a small solitary anemone with numerous short striped tentacles and having stripes radiating out from its mouth. It is usually brown or greenish and its body column is smooth.
Distribution.
It has so far been found only on the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula of South Africa. It appears to be endemic to this area, and lives from the intertidal zone down to about 5m under water.
Ecology.
This anemone is found between rocks and on seaweeds. It feeds on plankton.


Petchia madagascariensis

Petchia madagascariensis is a plant in the family Apocynaceae.
Description.
"Petchia madagascariensis" grows as a shrub or small tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . Its flowers feature a creamy to yellow corolla. The fruit is orange with paired cylindrical follicles. Local traditional medicinal uses include as a treatment for stomach-ache, gonorrhoea, rheumatism, gout, malaria and as a diuretic and anthelmintic.
Distribution and habitat.
"Petchia madagascariensis" is endemic to Madagascar. Its habitat is evergreen forest, mostly coastal, from sea level to altitude.


Amauroderma rude

Amauroderma rude is a tough woody mushroom in the family Ganodermataceae. A polypore fungus, it is found in Eastern Australia, where it grows as a saprophyte on rotting, buried wood.
Etymology.
"Amauroderma" means "dark/dusky-skinned" (from "amauro", meaning "dark or dusky", and "derma", meaning "skin"). The second half of the binomen, "rude", means "robust".
Description.
Fruit bodies have caps that are typically wide with alternating bands of light and dark brown rings. On the cap underside are small white to pale grey pores that initially turn red when bruised before turning black; this red-staining behaviour is unique in its genus.
The light to dark brown stipe measures long by thick.


Wolf Island National Wildlife Refuge

Wolf Island National Wildlife Refuge, located approximately off the coast of Darien, Georgia, in McIntosh County, was established on April 3, 1930 to provide protection and habitat for migratory birds. The barrier island refuge consists of Wolf Island and two smaller islands, Egg and Little Egg. Over 75% of the refuge's are composed of saltwater marsh.
Wolf Island NWR was designated a National Wilderness Area in 1975 and is maintained as such, with its primary purpose being to provide protection for migratory birds and such endangered and threatened species as the loggerhead sea turtle and piping plover. Due to its status as a wilderness area, no public use facilities are planned on the refuge. The refuge's salt waters are open to a variety of recreational activities such as fishing and crabbing, but all beach, marsh, and upland areas are closed to the public.


Kahiltna Dome

Kahiltna Dome is a mountain in the central Alaska Range, in Denali National Park, west of Denali. It is separated from Denali by a deep glacial valley occupied by Kahiltna Glacier, with Kahiltna Pass at its head. It is described as an ice-covered dome, the 56th-highest peak in Alaska.


Tabernaemontana donnell-smithii

Tabernaemontana donnell-smithii is an evergreen tree in the dogbane family Apocynaceae commonly known as the horse balls tree. In Spanish, it is huevos de caballo, cojones de burro, cojón de mico, or cojotón. The name, "huevos de caballo", comes from the oval shape of the tree's hanging fruit. It is native to Mexico and Central America. The type locality is San Felipe, Retalhuleu in Guatemala. "Tabernaemontana donnell-smithii" is similar to "Tabernaemontana glabra", except that its leaves and flowers are smaller and its fruit is larger.
"Tabernaemontana donnell-smithii" lives in a variety of habitats, including various types of forest, the forest edge, and pastures. It grows up to tall, although the height is partially dependent on the habitat. Trees living in secondary growth areas, forest edges and pastures are generally shorter but broader than those in forests. The flowers are yellow, and may appear at different times of the year depending on the location. Foster and McDiarmid found that the slow growing fruit is about long and weighs an average of about . The fruit is enclosed in a woody husk which represents more than three-quarters of the fruit's weight. When the fruit is open, a slit forms in the husk permitting access to the arils, each of which covers a seed.
The fruit of "Tabernaemontana donnell-smithii" is eaten by birds such as parrots, and by the white-headed capuchin, and the seeds are eaten by birds such as flycatchers, motmots, honeycreepers, manakins and woodpeckers. Many primarily insectivorous birds eat the fruits opportunistically late in the dry season, when the most of the fruit ripens and when insects are relatively scarce. Its seeds are dispersed primarily by birds. A study by McDiarmid, Ricklefs and Foster found that birds also help the seeds germinate, both by removing the arils from the seeds and also by scarifying the seeds.
The bark contains the alkaloids tabernanthine and voacamine. The seeds contain the alkaloids coronaridine and tabersonine.


Ampelocissus gracilipes

Ampelocissus gracilipes, also known as abourbee (Akan-Twi), is a climbing vine or liana in the Grape family of tropical western Africa (Ghana to Liberia), in densely vegetative, forested areas.
The stems which are semi-woody, thick and sturdy, but not very hard, start out with a dense covering of washy-brown hairs, giving way over time to a complexion of small warts. Both flowers and fruits are red.
Uses.
The stem sap is potable and abundant, and can be drunk like water. The fruits, whether they have ripened or not, are also edible, but are not consumed in great quantity.


Isoentomon atlanticum

Isoentomon atlanticum is a species of protura in the family Eosentomidae. It is found in South America.


Caladenia gracillima

Caladenia gracillima, commonly known as pretty fingers, is a species of orchid endemic to eastern Australia. It has a single leaf and up to three bright pink flowers. The type specimen was collected at Yandina in southern Queensland but there are also records from southern New South Wales.
Description.
"Caladenia gracillima" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single leaf, 90–150 mm long and 2–3 mm wide. Up to three bright pink flowers with dusky pink backs and 25–40 mm long, 20–40 mm wide are borne on a stalk 100–200 mm tall. The dorsal sepal is erect, 10–18 mm long and 2–4 mm wide. The lateral sepals are 13–25 mm long, 4–6 mm wide and the petals are 12–22 mm long, 2–5 mm wide and spread fan-like with the lateral sepals in front of the flower. The labellum is 6–8 mm long, 5–7 mm wide and white with pink to mauve edges. The sides of the labellum turn upwards and the tip has 8 to 14 yellow to orange teeth on each side and curls downward. There are two rows of red to orange calli along the centre of the labellum. Flowering occurs from August to September.
Taxonomy and naming.
This orchid was first formally described in 1939 by Herman Rupp who gave it the name "Caladenia carnea" var. "gracillima" and published the description in "The Queensland Naturalist" from a specimen collected at Yandina. In 2000, David Jones raised the variety to species status. The specific epithet ("gracillima") is the superlative form of the Latin word "gracilis" meaning "slender" or "thin", hence "most slender". Referring to "C. carnea" var. "gracillima", Rupp noted "the segments are narrow and acuminate" and "the labellum is ...narrower than in other forms".
Distribution and habitat.
Pretty fingers grows in forest between Dayboro and Cooroy in south-east Queensland but there are also records from the southern tablelands of New South Wales.
Conservation.
"Caladenia gracillima" is listed as of "least concern" in Queensland.


Drosera hamiltonii

Drosera hamiltonii, the rosy sundew, is a small, compact species in the carnivorous plant genus "Drosera" and is the only species in the monotypic subgenus Stelogyne. The glandular leaves are about long and arranged in a rosette. In November and December, pink flowers on tall scapes bloom. It is endemic to coastal swamps in south-west Western Australia. It was first described by Cecil Rollo Payton Andrews in 1903 and placed in section "Stelogyne" as the only species by Ludwig Diels in 1906. In 1994, Rüdiger Seine and Wilhelm Barthlott suggested "D. hamiltonii" belonged in their section "Drosera", reducing section "Stelogyne" to synonymy with section "Drosera". In 1996, Jan Schlauer revised the genus classification and elevated section "Stelogyne" to a subgenus, arguing that the unique fused styles requires segregation at more than a sectional rank.


Erysiphe alphitoides

Erysiphe alphitoides is a species of fungus which causes powdery mildew on oak trees.
Discovery and taxonomy.
Today oak powdery mildew is one of the most common diseases in European forests but it is thought to not always have been present in these forests. The first reports of the disease were made in Paris and other regions of France, Spain, Luxembourg and the Netherlands in 1907. By 1908 the disease had spread into many other European countries, becoming an epidemic. By 1909 it had reached Russia and Turkey, followed by Brazil in 1912 and soon after was distributed around the world. The sudden outbreak of the disease puzzled mycologists as they were unsure about the origin of the pathogen. Its anamorph was easily distinguished from "Phyllactinia guttata" which had previously been reported to cause powdery mildew on oaks in Europe at low intensity. It did however share morphological similarities with "Oïdium quercinum", "Calocladia penicillata" and "Microsphaera penicillata" which had previously been reported to cause powdery mildew on oaks in Europe. The sudden appearance and high incidence of the disease made it unlikely that it was caused by any of these species however and instead some authors hypothesised that it was caused by the introduction of a new species from outside Europe. Powdery mildew had already been reported from North America so it was thought that the new disease could have been imported on American oaks into Europe. The absence of the disease on American red oaks growing in France however, made this unlikely. Four years after the initial outbreak, a teleomorph was found in south-east France which Arnaud and Fox identified as an American species, "Microsphaera quercina" (now included in "Microsphaera alni"). A detailed morphological study by Griffon and Maublanc in 1912 suggested that the species was different from all previously described species and proposed the name of "Microsphaera alphitoides", referring to the floury appearance of the abundant white sporulation. This identification remained controversial until the 1940s. The origin of the disease was still uncertain however, in 1927, Raymond suggested that the disease may have been caused by a fungus identified in 1877 in Portugal that had been imported from Portuguese colonies. In 1980, Boesewinkel demonstrated that the same species was responsible for powdery mildew on "Quercus robur" and on a mango species from New Zealand, supporting the hypothesis that the fungus had shifted its host.
Recently, molecular biology has provided new tools for identifying species and elucidating their relatedness. A study of ribosomal DNA from 33 samples of oak powdery mildew from Europe showed that "E. alphitoides" contains identical sequences to "Oïdium mangiferae", a major disease of mango in several tropical regions and "Oïdium heveae", an economically important pathogen of the para rubber tree. These results support the findings of Boesewinkel and suggest that "E. alphitoides" and "O. mangiferae" could be conspecific. The origin of the species is still uncertain but Mougou "et. al" (2008) reported that "E. alphitoides" likely originated from the tropics and expanded its range to oak after being introduced to Europe.
Pathology.
Only young developing leaves are susceptible to colonisation by "E. alphitoides". It only induces necrosis when infection occurs very early during leaf development. Because the pathogen develops late in spring, after the first leaves of oak seedlings have developed, it is more prevalent on the second and third flushes of leaves that develop in July and August. This habit also reduces the severity of the disease on mature trees.
Effects on host.
The disease can be very severe on "Quercus robur" and "Quercus petraea" in Europe, particularly on young trees. In mature trees the disease is generally less damaging, but in combination with other factors such as defoliation by insects can contribute to tree decline. A study of the effects of "E. alphitoides" on "Quercus robur" found it decreased stomatal conductance by 15–30%, did not affect the leaf mass to area ratio, decreased the nitrogen content of the leaf and increased dark respiration. Carbon fixation was also reduced in infected leaves by about 40–50% in fully infected leaves and those that were heavily infected were shed earlier than those not infected. Despite it affecting the ability of leaves to photosynthesise, the effect is low and this is thought to explain why the disease has only moderate consequences for tree health despite heavy infections. Because the infection makes the plants less shade tolerant, it may lead to the death of seedlings growing in shade.


Angelica gigas

Angelica gigas, also called Korean angelica, giant angelica, purple parsnip, and dangquai, is a monocarpic biennial or short lived perennial plant from China, Japan and Korea. It inhabits forests, grasslands and banks of streams. The roots are used in traditional Chinese medicine.
Description.
"Angelica gigas" is a stout plant that is 1 to 2 meters high with deep thick roots and purplish ribbed stem. Its leaf blades have a triangular-ovate outline. Korean Angelica has a 20–40 × 20–30 cm, 2–3-ternate-pinnate arrangement. The plant's purple umbel measures 5–8 cm across. Its dark purple-red obovate flowers, blooms in late summer.
Cultivation.
Giant angelica prefers moist soil and full sun or semishade. The plant is best propagated through seeds in the spring. The plant is a biennial that flowers in the months of July to August.
Plants produce seeds abundantly; being a biennial (blooming second year and producing only foliage first) you will need to be careful to identify seedlings the first year, they are fairly small and can easily be overlooked if you are not aware of where they have germinated. Easily transplanted first or second year of growth.
Chemical components.
Research in 2007 has isolated a chemical from the root of the plant, a coumarin derivative called decursin, that may have anti-androgenic properties "in vitro".
In 2013, the main substance decursin, decursinol angelate (its isomer), JH714 (the ether form) and epoxide decursin (the epoxide form) were analyzed in vitro and in vivo. CYP isoforms were inhibited more than 50%. There was good blood brain barrier permeability in rats after oral administration of all but epoxide. Pharmacokinetic studies after oral and intravenous administration of 10 mg/kg showed that after 8 hours all test compounds stayed in the gastrointestinal tract at more than 1.5% of the dose and less than 0.5% was excreted in urine.


Eurybia chlorolepis

Eurybia chlorolepis, commonly known as the mountain wood aster, mountain aster, or Appalachian heartleaf aster, is a perennial, herbaceous plant native to the southeastern United States. It is present only at relatively high elevations in the Appalachian mountains. Although it is not considered seriously threatened due to a large number of sites in some of its range, it is often locally endangered and possibly extirpated in the south of its range.
"Eurybia chlorolepis" is reaches 80 cm (32 inches) tall and spreads by means of underground rhizomes. It has only one stem, becoming woody with age. One plant will produce up to 25 flower heads in a flat-topped array. The flowers appear in the late summer through the fall. Each head contains 8–20 white or pale lilac ray florets surrounding 12–26 yellow disc florets.
"Eurybia chlorolepsis" is present in the southern range of the Appalachian mountains in the southeastern United States. It grows from western Virginia and southern West Virginia in the north, south through eastern Tennessee and the western Carolinas to the northeastern corner of Georgia. It can be found at elevations of 1200 to 2000 metres (4000–6600 feet) in red spruce–Fraser fir forests as well as in cool mixed forests.


Cirsium crassicaule

Cirsium crassicaule is a species of thistle known by the common name slough thistle. It is endemic to the San Joaquin Valley of California, where it is known primarily from freshwater wetlands. It has been found in only a few locations in Kern, Kings, and San Joaquin Counties.
"Cirsium crassicaule" is an annual or biennial herb known to reach 300 cm (10 feet) in height. The thick stem is hollow and may be nearly 10 centimeters (4 inches) wide at the base. It is coated in hairs and cobwebby fibers. The woolly, webby, spiny leaves are deeply cut into many lobes, the lobes often lined with teeth. The longest leaves near the base of the plant may be 70 centimeters (28 inches) long.
The inflorescence is a cluster of several flower heads each up to 3 centimeters long by 3 wide. The head is lined with spiny phyllaries and filled with pale pink or occasionally white flowers. The fruit is an achene with a flat, dark brown body about 5 millimeters long and topped with a pappus which may be 2 centimeters in length.


Glyptopleura setulosa

Glyptopleura setulosa (holy dandelion) is a species of North American plants in the dandelion family.
The species is native to the Western United States, primarily the Mojave Desert and Colorado Plateau regions in California, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona.


Ferdinand State Forest

Ferdinand State Forest was formed in 1934 in Dubois County, Indiana, USA. Its west edge is approximately 5 miles to the east of the town of Ferdinand; Indiana State Road 264 connects the town with the forest. The forest covers an area of .


Eosentomon yosemitense

Eosentomon yosemitense is a species of proturan in the family Eosentomidae. It is found in North America.


Aloe broomii

Aloe broomii, known as the mountain aloe or snake aloe on account of its odd inflorescence, is a species of flowering plant in the genus "Aloe", found in southern Africa.
Distribution.
This aloe is widespread in South Africa and Lesotho. In South Africa, it grows from Beaufort West in the Northern Cape to the Free State (which borders the land-locked enclave of Lesotho), and south and east to the Eastern Cape.
Habitat.
This aloe grows on rocky slopes in hilly and mountainous areas, at an altitude of between 1000 and 2000 metres above sea level. The rainfall in this area is low, ranging from 300 to 500 mm per annum, and falls mainly in summer.
Description.
"A. broomii" is a robust plant with a short stem. It grows up to 1.5 metres high, including the inflorescence. It is usually a single-stemmed aloe, although it may split into groups with up to three 'rosettes'. The leaves of this plant are much like that of other aloes, with fleshy succulent leaves edged with small thorns. These thorns are very dark, compared to other species whose thorns are either green or white.
The most notable feature of this plant is its odd inflorescence, where the flowers are hidden by the extended bracts, giving it a sinuous, snake-like appearance, hence its name.
Ecology.
Like other aloes, this plant attracts a wide variety of pollinators, including insects such as bees, wasps and ants, and bird species such as sunbirds. Its seeds may be attacked by weevils.
Relationship with humans.
Conservation.
This plant is not threatened by human activity in its range.
Uses.
This plant, like many other "Aloe" species such as the well-known "Aloe vera", is held to have medicinal properties. Farmers use it as an disinfectant, an ear remedy for sheep, and a pesticide to purge ticks from livestock.
Cultivation.
Like most "Aloe" species, this plant is a water-wise plant that may be used in xeriscaping. It grows well in well-drained soil and flourishes in full sun. This plant is propagated from seed.


Melicope bonwickii

Melicope bonwickii, commonly known as the yellow evodia or yellow corkwood, is a species of tree in the family Rutaceae and is native to Java and the Philippines, and southward to New Guinea and north-eastern Australia. It has trifoliate leaves and small pink flowers borne in panicles in leaf axils.
Description.
"Melicope bonwickii" grows up to tall. The leaves are trifoliate on a petiole long, the end leaflet egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, sessile, long and wide. The flowers are bisexual and are borne in panicles long, in leaf axils. The sepals are more or less round, long and joined at the base. The petals are pink, rarely white, about and are hairy with a ridge on the back. There are four stamens. Flowering occurs from March to June and the fruit consists of up to four follicles long.
Taxonomy.
This species was first formally described in 1865 by Ferdinand von Mueller who gave it the name "Euodia bonwickii" and published the description in "Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae" from specimens collected by John Dallachy. In 1994, Thomas Gordon Hartley changed the name to "Melicope bonwickii" in the journal "Sandakania". The specific epithet ("bonwickii") honours James Bonwick.
Distribution and habitat.
"Melicope bonwickii" occurs naturally in Java and the Philippines, and southward to New Guinea and north-eastern Australia. It grows in rainforest from sea level to an altitude of . In Australia it is found from the Atherton Tableland to near Proserpine in northern Queensland.
Uses.
This species is said to be used to treat dysentery in the Tanimbar Islands.


Acacia prainii

Acacia prainii, commonly known as Prain's wattle, is a shrub or tree belonging to the genus "Acacia" and the subgenus "Phyllodineae" endemic to Australia.
Description.
The erect and bushy shrub or tree typically grows to a height of . It has angled branchlets with fine yellow ribs. The ascending to erect pungent smooth phyllodes have a linear shape and are flat with a length of and wide and have prominent midrib and marginal nerves. It blooms from July to October and produces yellow flowers. The inflorescences appear on three to seven headed racemes, the showy spherical flower heads contain 10 to 24 light golden flowers. After flowering curved seed pods form that are rounded over seeds and have a length of around and a width of long. The shiny balck seeds within have an oblong-elliptic to ovate shape and are in length.
Taxonomy.
The species was first formally described by the botanist Joseph Maiden in 1917 as part of the "Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales." It was reclassfieid by Leslie Pedley in 2003 as "Racosperma prainii" then transferred back to the genus "Acacia" on 2006. Other synonyms include "Acacia prolifera", "Acacia prainii" var. "linearis", "Acacia dentifera" var. "parvifolia" and "Acacia prainii" Maiden var. "prainii".
Distribution.
It has a scattered distribution through an area in the northern and eastern Wheatbelt, Pilbara and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia where it grows in red sandy, loamy and stony soils. Its range extends into western South Australia and the Northern Territory where it is part of open mallee, "Eucalyptus" woodlands or spinifex communities.


Acacia retivenea

Acacia retivenea, commonly known as the net-veined wattle, is a shrub of the genus "Acacia" and the subgenus "Plurinerves" that is endemic across northern Australia.
Description.
The erect open shrub typically grows to a height of . It has branchlets with ovate shape stipules that are basally rounded and about in length anf wide and covered with a dense matting of woolly hairs. Like most species of "Acacia" it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The silvery-green phyllodes have a broadly elliptic to subrotund shape with a length of and a width of and usually have five or so main veins with a visible network of minor veins branching off. It blooms from April to October and produces yellow flowers.
Taxonomy.
The species was first formally described by the botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in 1863 as part of the work "Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae". It was reclassified as "Racosperma retiveneum" by Leslie Pedley in 1987 ten transferred back to genus "Acacia" in 2001. The only other synonym is "Acacia retivenia" as described by George Bentham in 1863.
There are two recognised subspecies:
Distribution.
It is native to an area in the Kimberley, Pilbara and northern Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia where it is commonly situated along creek beds, on rocky sites and hillsides growing in sandy or loamy soils. The range of the shrub extends from around Fitzroy Crossing in the south west to around the Wunaamin-Miliwundi Ranges in the northwest extending eastwards into the Northern Territory and across the top end to around Mount Isa in central Queensland with some outlying populations around Pine Creek, Northern Territory and the Reynolds Range in the Northern Territory and Torrens Creek in Queensland. It is usually part of tall shrubland or low open woodland communities and is usually found with "Eucalyptus brevifolia" and species of "Triodia".


Whitman National Forest

Whitman National Forest was established in Oregon on July 1, 1908 with from part of Blue Mountains National Forest. On June 20, 1920 part of Minam National Forest was added. In 1954 it was administratively combined with Wallowa National Forest to make Wallowa–Whitman National Forest. In descending order of forest land area, Whitman National Forest is located in parts of Baker, Union, Grant, Wallowa, Umatilla, and Malheur counties. There are local ranger district offices in Baker City, Halfway, and Unity. Its administrative headquarters are in Baker City, as part of the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest. As of September 30, 2008, Whitman had an area of , representing 55.96% of the combined forest's .


Winnipeg Hydro

Winnipeg Hydro is a former provider of electrical power for the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Winnipeg Hydro was established in 1906 as City Hydro. It was purchased by Manitoba Hydro in 2002.
History.
Private electrical generators in the early years of the 20th century charged 20 cents per kilowatt hour for electrical energy. The City of Winnipeg charter did not allow it to operate an electrical utility, so city alderman John Wesley Cockburn obtained development rights for the site at Pointe du Bois Falls. In 1906 the city charter was amended and Cockburn transferred development rights to the city.
In 1906, voters approved a $3.25 million expenditure for development of a hydroelectric plant at Pointe du Bois. Immediately following the decision to build the Pointe du Bois plant, the price of electricity charged by the private sector in Winnipeg dropped from 20 cents per kilowatt-hour to 10 cents and subsequently to 7 1/2 cents. After commissioning the first units of the plant in 1911, Winnipeg Hydro set its rate at 3 1/3 cents per kilowatt-hour. This rate remained unchanged until 1973. Customers of Winnipeg Hydro enjoyed among the lowest electricity rates in North America. Increasing electrical demand from the city and the Manitoba Power Commission led to the installation of additional generating units at Pointe Du Bois, with a final capacity of 78 megawatts.
In 1924 City Hydro constructed a two-unit coal-fired generating station at Amy Street, with a total capacity of 10 megawatts. Two more units were added in the 1950s bringing total capacity to 50 MW. The Amy Street plant provided electric power and district heating steam until it closed in 1990. During the Second World War, the city saved coal at the Amy Street plant by using surplus hydroelectric power to raise steam for district heating. In 1931 the first two units at Slave Falls were commissioned, generating 17 megawatts. An additional six units installed from 1937 though 1948 brought the station capacity to 67 megawatts.
In 1955, City Hydro sold all its suburban distribution system to the Manitoba Power Commission, and purchased all former privately owned distribution within the city, becoming sole electrical utility in the downtown Winnipeg area. It was agreed that City Hydro would obtain all additional electrical capacity by purchase from the Manitoba Hydro Electric Board instead of developing additional generating stations.
The century-old Pointe du Bois plant has required significant investment to maintain its facilities. An original unit was replaced with a Straflo turbine in 1999, increasing station capacity to 75 MW.
Among the final achievements as Winnipeg Hydro were the recorded revenues higher than previous years. Infrastructure improvements included the completion of No. 6 Substation (Amy St) building and equipment installation as well as the completion of the installation of new underground cable to connect Scotland Avenue Terminal Station to No. 2 Substation (York) at York Avenue and Garry Street. The last Director of Winnipeg Hydro was Ian McKay.
In September 2002, Winnipeg Hydro officially closed its doors and became a part of Manitoba Hydro.


Sizerville State Park

Sizerville State Park is a Pennsylvania state park in Portage Township, Cameron County and Portage Township, Potter County, Pennsylvania in the United States. The park is nearly surrounded by Elk State Forest making it part of one of the largest blocks of state-owned land in Pennsylvania. Sizerville State Park is on Pennsylvania Route 155, six miles (10 km) north of the borough of Emporium.
History.
Sizerville State Park is named after the nearby ghost town of Sizerville, Pennsylvania, which was in turn named for the Sizer family, early settlers of the region. With the end of the logging boom of the late 19th century, the town was gradually abandoned. Sizerville State Park was first opened in 1924. The first park facilities were opened in 1927. The Civilian Conservation Corps led an effort to reforest the lands surrounding Sizerville State park during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Thousands of acres of old growth timber had been logged at the turn of the 20th century. The CCC planted thousands of acres of white pine and hemlock trees. Today these trees have reached maturity and make up most of the forested acres of Sizerville State Park.
Recreation.
Sizerville State Park features five different loop trails for hiking. Bottomlands, North Slope, and Campground are all on fairly flat land. Sizerville Nature Trail is a three-mile (5 km) loop that features several educational stopping points. It is also a trailhead for the Bucktail Path Trail. Nady Hollow Trail climbs a mountain.
The swimming pool is open to the public from Memorial Day until Labor Day.
Sizerville State Park has a 23-site campground. Eighteen of the sites have an electrical hook-up. The campground facilities include a sanitary dump, flush toilets and showers. Those interested in camping in tents can hike into five sites that are on the bank of a creek.
There are six picnic pavilions and over 200 picnic tables on the grounds of Sizerville State Park. The picnic areas are shaded by the forest of white pine and hemlock. Many of the picnic areas are within walking distance of restrooms and playground facilities.
There are six creeks within Sizerville State Park that make for some ideal fishing. The east and west branches of Cowley Run are the home of brook and brown trout. Cowley Run offers some of the best fishing in the park. It contains a population of native brown trout and is stocked each spring by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. Portage Creek and Driftwood Creek, branches of Sinnemahoning Creek also contain trout and a population of smallmouth bass. Sinnemahoning Creek is another site for the fishing of bass and trout.
Hunting is permitted in of Sizerville State Park. Hunters are expected to follow the rules and regulations of the Pennsylvania Game Commission. The common game species are ruffed grouse, squirrels, wild turkeys, white-tailed deer, and American black bears.
Snowmobiling and Cross-country skiing take place in the winter months at Sizerville State Park. An average of of snow falls on the park every winter. The park provides access to miles of groomed snowmobile and cross-country skiing trails in the nearby state forest lands.
Environmental Education.
Sizerville State Park is a hub of environment education. The Environmental Education Building houses exhibits and information about the plant and wildlife found in the park. Homeowners are taught how to plant around their homes to make them more attractive to creatures like butterflies and squirrels. Sizerville State Park provides environmental education programs to youth groups, schools and teachers. Park rangers also lead guided tours of the park, providing hands on learning experiences for all.
Nearby state parks.
The following state parks are within of Sizerville State Park:


Taxandria parviceps

Taxandria parviceps, commonly known as tea tree, is a shrub species that grows on the south west coast of Western Australia. This plant was previously classified as "Agonis parviceps" but is now part of the "Taxandria" genus.
Description.
The shrub has an erect form and typically grows to a height of . It blooms between July and October producing white flowers.
It can be grown as an ornamental shrub in the garden where it is hardy and has dense foliage. The small white flowers grow in masses and the foliage is aromatic. The shrub is drought tolerant once established and will also tolerate light frosts.
Distribution.
It is often found along the edges of seasonally-wet areas on sand dunes and flats. It has a range along coastal regions extending from the South West region into the Great Southern region where it grows in loamy, sandy or clay soils over quartzite or granite.
Classification.
First formally described as "Agonis parviceps" by the botanist Johannes Conrad Schauer in 1844 as part of Johann Georg Christian Lehmann's work "Plantae Preissianae" The plant was subsequently reclassified to "T. parviceps" in a 2007 revision by Wheeler and Marchant into the new genus "Taxandria".


Springbrook State Park

Springbrook State Park is a state park of Iowa, USA, located approximately west of the city of Yale. The park contains a spring-fed lake and timber-covered rolling hills along the Middle Raccoon River.
Background.
Originally known as King's Park, the area approximately 5.5 miles west of Yale was designated as one of the first of Iowa's state parks in 1926 by the Iowa Conservation Board. Beginning in 1933 and continuing during the 1930s the Civilian Conservation Corps constructed many of the facilities at Springbrook which are on the National Register of Historic Places.
Recreation.
Over of hiking trails and of snowmobiling trails are located throughout Springbrook. Woodlands, sandstone, prairie, and clearings are found throughout the park. Oak, maple, hickory, and basswood trees thrive in the timber areas of the park.
Swimming, canoeing, and fishing is possible on both the Middle Raccoon River and the man-made lake on Kings Creek. Three fishing jetties are located along the spring-fed lake on Kings Creek. On the lake, motor boating is allowed only with electric motors. The Middle Raccoon River has a boat ramp and a fishing riffle. Crappie, largemouth bass, bluegill, sunfish, bullhead, and catfish, are regularly caught at Springbrook. Located lakeside are two picnic shelters and several other picnic areas that have tables, grills, water, and restrooms. Also, unsupervised swimming and sunbathing occur at the sandy beach along the lake.
Viewing abundant wildlife is very likely. Squirrels, rabbits, red fox, gray fox, coyote, raccoon, beaver, muskrat, red-tailed hawk, bald eagle, wild turkey, Canada geese, and especially deer are often found at Springbrook.
A shooting range and a conservation education center is located at the park. Controlled deer hunts occur periodically in sections of the park. Posted hunting areas include the northeast and southwest corners of the park.
Camping.
Camping is permitted all year long. 120 campsites (81 with electrical hookups) are available. Half of the sites are on a first-come, first-served basis but other sites can be reserved. Peak season is from May 1 until September 30. Modern showers and restrooms, a trailer dump station, a basketball court, horse shoe pits, sand volleyball, wireless internet, and a camp store are located in the large campground.
Bicycling.
Located between the Des Moines River Valley and the Raccoon River Valley, the Central Iowa Bike Route connects Big Creek State Park, Springbrook State Park, and Ledges State Park. The Yale trailhead of the Raccoon River Valley Trail is east of Springbrook.
2013 sinkhole.
On May 31, 2013, a large sinkhole, at least 20 feet wide by 5 feet deep, occurred along Iowa Highway 384 (160th Road in Guthrie County) under the asphalt to the entrance, which is near the boat ramp at the base of Mockingbird Hill. The Iowa Department of Natural Resources (DNR) contacted the Iowa Department of Transportation who deemed the sinkhole to be unsafe. The Iowa DNR immediately evacuated the campers at Springbrook. In the spring (March, April, and May) of 2013, according to Harry Hillaker, the state of Iowa climatologist, Iowa had the wettest May and the wettest spring on record. The record precipitation, both rainfall and snowfall, contributed to the formation of the sinkhole. On June 3, 2013, the RAGBRAI XLI route inspection pre-ride assessed the sinkhole for changes to the route through Springbrook and up Mockingbird Hill, which is the steepest hill to be on a RAGBRAI route; however, no changes to the 2013 RAGBRAI route were made.
Springbrook Conservation Education Center.
On March 13, 2017, the Springbrook Conservation Education Center will close to streamline educational programming within the Iowa Department of Natural Resources.


Bonamia linearis

Bonamia linearis is a herb in the family Convolvulaceae.
The perennial herb has a prostrate trailing habit. It blooms between October and July and produces white-cream flowers.
It is found on sand plains in the Kimberley and Pilbara regions of Western Australia where it grows in sandy soils.


Primula chionantha

Primula chionantha, the snow-white primrose, is a species of flowering plant in the family Primulaceae, native to Tibet, Sichuan and Yunnan in China. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Subtaxa.
The following subspecies are accepted:


Commelina hockii

Commelina hockii is an herbaceous plant in the dayflower family found primarily in Central Africa, from southwestern Tanzania in the east, west through the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia, and possibly extending further west to Angola. The species' distinctive features include its long, tapering spathes with unfused margins, its white flowers, and its many-flowered lower cymes. It can be found in grasslands and "Brachystegia"-dominated woodland. It is fairly unusual among "Commelina" species in having variation in the color of the antherodes (i.e. non-functional anthers), with some individuals having entirely yellow antherodes, while others contain a dark spot in the center. Also, it is one of the only "Commelina" species known to leave a papery residue of dried fluid inside its spathes; normally only fused-spathe species are known to produce this substance. Only one specimen from Angola resembles this species, but it has blue flowers, suggesting it may be a poorly understood and as-yet undescribed separate species. "Commelina hockii" is probably closely related to "Commelina kituloensis", which shares a similar fruit type, the same tufted perennial habit, similar large spathes with dried fluid substance, and equally numerously flowered inflorescences. That species differs in having purplish flowers, hairy leaves, shorter spathes, and a preference for high altitude grassland.


Lilium occidentale

Lilium occidentale is a rare North American species of lily known by the common name western lily. Its species name 'Occidentale' means 'westernmost' and refers to its location along the West Coast. It is native to northwestern California and southwestern Oregon. It grows in coastal prairie habitat, swamps and stagnant bogs with "Drosera" species, bluffs and sandy cliffs, and seaside spruce forests. This rare wildflower is limited in distribution and directly endangered by a number of environmental factors. It is a federally listed endangered species and it is listed as endangered by the states of California and Oregon.
It is found growing along a narrow 200 mile stretch of coast between Southern Oregon and Northern California usually within sight of the ocean. Its furthest northern distribution is Florence, Oregon to as far south as Eureka, California.
"Lilium occidentale" is a perennial herb sometimes exceeding two meters in height. It grows from a scaly, elongated bulb which may be nearly 10 centimeters long. The leaves grow in a series of whorls around the stem. They may be linear to oval in shape and over 20 centimeters long. The inflorescence bears up to 35 showy nodding lily flowers. The flower has 6 recurved tepals each up to 8 centimeters long, sometimes curled back into complete rings. The tepals are usually red to orange to yellow-green, generally bicolored with more red on the inside and more greenish yellow on the outer surfaces. They are often spotted. There are six stamens with large red anthers up to 1.4 centimeters long, and a pistil which may be more than 5 centimeters in length. The flower is pollinated chiefly by hummingbirds, including Allen's hummingbird ("Selasphorus sasin").
Threats to this species have included grazing and trampling by livestock, development and ranching, cranberry farming, genetic drift, vehicles and road maintenance, and horticultural collecting of the bulbs and flowers. New sprouts and shoots dry out quickly and are easily crushed. The invasion of trees into the plant's habitat, either by natural succession or deliberate planting and fire suppression, can alter the hydrology and soil structure enough to eliminate it. When the plant was listed as an endangered species in 1994, there were 2000 to 3000 individuals remaining.
Lilium occidental grows easily from seed with stratification. It can be easily grown in an artificial type bog or other wetland setting providing its need for constant moisture during the growing season is met. (McRae). There is considerable hybridization with other native lilies, in particular L. columbianum, in areas where the two species grow in close proximity. At some locations the two species grow side by side, with Occidentale growing in low depressions (drainage ditches) that are clearly flooded during wet periods or periods of heavy rain, and columbianum growing just feet away on the steeper slope.(McRae). This leads to confusion with regards to "true" phenotype. One home owner near Eureka, California had literally hundreds growing in his garden.
Regardless of its realitive easy of culture, Lilium occIdentale is a federally protected species under the Endangered Species Act and C.I.T.E.S (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) and therefore it is illegal to own or process any plant material (seed, bulbs, leaves, ETC), or sell seed or bulbs without proper documentation and approval of U.S. Fish & Wildlife. Violators face prosecution and a possible felony conviction for possession of undocumented plant material.
Occidentale produces more nectar than any other American lily, which is not surprising given that hummingbirds are the primary pollinator.
Toxicity.
Cats.
Cats are extremely sensitive to lily toxicity and ingestion is often fatal; households and gardens which are visited by cats are strongly advised against keeping this plant or placing dried flowers where a cat may brush against them and become dusted with pollen which they then consume while cleaning. Suspected cases require urgent veterinary attention. Rapid treatment with activated charcoal and/or induced vomiting can reduce the amount of toxin absorbed (this is time-sensitive so in some cases vets may advise doing it at home), and large amounts of fluid by IV can reduce damage to kidneys to increase the chances of survival.


Duckeodendron cestroides


Blidingia minima

Blidingia minima is a species of seaweed in the Kornmanniaceae family. It was described by Johann Kylin in 1947.
Description.
The species is long by wide and is light green in colour. It fronds are tubular with it cell arrangement being irregular and in diameter. Stellate chloroplasts also exist. The tubes rise in groups from the center. It thalli grow as clusters which carry cylindrical and hollow tubes which arise from discoidal cushion. The tubes are long and wide. Thallus cells are wide and are angular.
Distribution.
The species is found throughout eastern part of Asia in such countries as China, Japan, Korea and eastern part of Russia. It is also found in Azores, Canada, Norway, South Africa, United States, and various gulfs, seas and oceans, such as Gulf of Maine and Gulf of Mexico and in Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and Wadden Sea. Besides this places it have a type locality which is Helgoland, Germany and is also common in Ireland and Great Britain. It was recorded in Queensland, Australia as well.
English distribution.
In England, the species was recorded from East Sussex.
Habitat.
It is found growing on cobble, boulders, bedrocks, barnacles, driftwood and even on different algae species throughout the semi-protected and protected areas.
Ecology.
"Blidingia minima" is considered to be a food for periwinkles.


Asthenosoma intermedium

Asthenosoma intermedium is a species of sea urchin of the family Echinothuriidae. Their armour is covered with spines. It is placed in the genus Asthenosoma and lives in the sea. Asthenosoma intermedium was first scientifically described in 1938 by Hubert Lyman Clark.


Platyschkuhria integrifolia

Platyschkuhria integrifolia, the basindaisy, is a perennial plant in the genus "Platyschkuhria" of the sunflower family (Asteraceae) found in the Colorado Plateau and Canyonlands region of the southwestern United States.
It grows in clay soils in desert shrub, pinyon juniper woodland, and mountain brush communities.


Eunoe yedoensis

Eunoe yedoensis is a scale worm described from off Japan in the North Pacific Ocean at a depth of 641 m.
Description.
Number of segments 41; elytra 15 pairs. No distinct pigmentation pattern. Prostomium anterior margin comprising a pair of acute anterior projections. Lateral antennae inserted ventrally (beneath Prostomium and median antenna). elytra marginal fringe of papillae present. Notochaetae distinctly thicker than neurochaetae. Bidentate neurochaetae absent.


Mitrephora fragrans

Mitrephora fragrans is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Borneo and The Philippines. Elmer Drew Merrill, the American botanist who first formally described the species, named it after its large, fragrant (fragrans in Latin) flowers.
Description.
It is a tree reaching 8 to 10 meters in height. Its leathery leaves are 10-26 by 5-11 centimeters and have rounded or slightly pointed tips. Its fragrant flowers are solitary and yellow to orange. Its sepals are oval to oblong and 10-14 millimeters in length. Its mature outer petals are 5.5 by 4 centimeters, oblong and come to a point at their tip. The outside surface of the outer petals is hairy. Its inner petals have purple highlights, are 3 centimeters long and have an arched shape. The inside surface of the inner petals is hairy. It has numerous stamens that are 1.5 millimeters long. Its flowers have up to 10 carpels. Its carpels have 16-20 ovules.
Reproductive biology.
The pollen of "M. fragrans" is shed as permanent tetrads.


Gustavia gracillima

Gustavia gracillima is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Colombia.


Bastardia elegans

Bastardia elegans is a species of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is found in Brazil.


Carex dissitispicula