Judith Toups

Judith A. "Judy" Toups (November 30, 1930 – February 27, 2007) was a Mississippi-based birder and columnist for the "Sun Herald" of Biloxi for almost 35 years.
Biography.
Born and raised in Gloucester, Massachusetts, Toups met and married U.S. Navy sailor Emile Joseph Toups, a Mississippi native, in Gloucester, Massachusetts. She returned with him to his home state in 1965, the year he mustered out of the Navy. They settled in Gulfport, Mississippi and raised six children.
Her parents realized, on one of their visits to the Gulf Coast, that a stay-at-home mother of six young children needed a diversion. In the late 1980s, Toups rescued a sharp-shinned hawk from the front screened porch of a house in Bay St. Louis. The bird had barreled through the screen in pursuit of a squirrel and had been trapped on the porch, disoriented and unable to find the door and freedom. With only a quilt between her and sharp beak and talons, Toups dropped the bed covering over this formidable raptor, and ... carrying the trailing tails of the quilt, she carried the swaddled bird outside and let it go.
Toups founded the Mississippi Coast Audubon Society and advanced its conservation causes, including the high-profile protection program for terns and black skimmers. She sent fledgling birders out across Coast terrain in search of native and visiting birds. She developed the Mississippi Coastal Birding Trail map, and wrote two books on birding the Gulf Coast. There is a trail named after her in Jackson County's Ward Bayou, and she was honoured by many birding societies. A portion of U.S. Highway 90 in Gulfport bordering the nesting areas she sought to protect was renamed the Judith Toups Least Tern Highway in early 2008.
Following the devastation of Hurricane Katrina, Toups relocated to Decatur, Alabama, where she died, aged 76, from undisclosed causes, on February 27, 2007, aged 76.


Milnesium longiungue

Milnesium longiungue is a species of Eutardigrades in the family Milnesiidae. This species differs from its cogenerate species mainly by proportions of its claws and buccopharyngeal apparatus.


Calcaxonia

Calcaxonia is a suborder of soft corals in the order Alcyonacea.


Indian Birds

Indian Birds is a bi-monthly ornithology journal/newsletter that was established in 2004. It was formerly published under the heading "Newsletter for Ornithologists" for one year. It publishes articles on identification, distribution, migration, conservation and taxonomy, apart from reports of significant ornithological sightings and events. Published from Hyderabad, the publication is owned by New Ornis Foundation. In 2006, the Bugun liocichla, a new bird species from Arunachal Pradesh was described by Ramana Athreya in this journal. The description of the bird carried in the journal was made without the collection of a type specimen as they were too few to risk killing one. Though this practice was not unprecedented, with four prior instances, the pure charisma of the bird together with this practice created a controversy in the scientific and conservation community on the costs and benefits of this approach
The journal has published 683 articles in its first eight volumes. Nearly 125 of these articles are referenced in the text of "Handbook of the Birds of the World" online.
In 2016, Indian Birds published the official bird checklist for the country
Aasheesh Pittie has been the editor of this journal since its inception. Zafar Futehally, who founded "Newsletter for Birdwatchers" in 1960, served as editor emeritus until his death in 2013.
The first south Asian records of the following species were published in this journal.
The first national records of the following species were published in this journal.
Apart from publishing pure novelties, the journal has published opinion pieces.
Some of the special issues published include


Shelley Winters

Shelley Winters (born Shirley Schrift; August 18, 1920 – January 14, 2006) was an American actress whose career spanned seven decades. She appeared in numerous films; she won Academy Awards for "The Diary of Anne Frank" (1959) and "A Patch of Blue" (1965), and received nominations for "A Place in the Sun" (1951) and "The Poseidon Adventure" (1972). She also appeared in "A Double Life" (1947), "The Night of the Hunter" (1955), "Lolita" (1962), "Alfie" (1966), "Next Stop, Greenwich Village" (1976), and "Pete's Dragon" (1977). In addition to film, Winters appeared in television, including a tenure on the sitcom "Roseanne", and wrote three autobiographical books.
Early life.
Shelley Winters was born Shirley Schrift in St. Louis, Missouri, the daughter of Rose (née Winter), a singer with St. Louis Municipal Opera Theatre, and Jonas Schrift, a designer of men's clothing. Her parents were Jewish; her father emigrated from Grymalow, Austria-Hungary, in what is now Ukraine, and her mother was born in St. Louis to Austrian immigrants who were also from Grymalow. Her parents were third cousins. Her Jewish education included attendance at the Jamaica Jewish Center and learning Hebrew songs at her public school.
Her family moved to Brooklyn, New York, when she was nine years old, and she grew up partly in Queens, New York, as well. As a young woman, she worked as a model. Her sister Blanche Schrift later married George Boroff, who ran the Circle Theatre (now named El Centro Theatre) in Los Angeles. At age 16, Winters relocated to Los Angeles, California, and later returned to New York to study acting at The New School.
Career.
Theatre.
Winters made her Broadway debut in "The Night Before Christmas" (1941) which had a short run. She had a small part in "Rosalinda", an adaptation of "Die Fledermaus" (1942–44) which ran for 611 performances.
Winters first received acclaim when she joined the cast of "Oklahoma!" as Ado Annie.
Columbia.
She received a long-term contract at Columbia and moved to Los Angeles. Winters' first film appearance was an uncredited bit in "There's Something About a Soldier" (1943) at Columbia. She had another small bit in "What a Woman!" (1943) but a bigger part in a B movie, "Sailor's Holiday" (1944).
Winters was borrowed by the Producers Releasing Corporation for "Knickerbocker Holiday" (1944). Columbia put her small bits in "She's a Soldier Too" (1944), "Dancing in Manhattan" (1944), "Together Again" (1944), "Tonight and Every Night" (1945), "Escape in the Fog" (1945), "A Thousand and One Nights" (1945), and "The Fighting Guardsman" (1946).
Winters had bit parts in MGM's "Two Smart People" (1946), and a series of films for United Artists: "Susie Steps Out" (1946), "Abie's Irish Rose" (1946) and "New Orleans" (1947).
She had bit parts in "Living in a Big Way" (1947) and "Killer McCoy" (1947) at MGM, "The Gangster" (1947) for King Brothers Productions and "Red River" (1948).
Breakthrough – "A Double Life" and Universal.
Winters first achieved stardom with her breakout performance as the victim of insane actor Ronald Colman in George Cukor's "A Double Life" (1947). It was distributed by Universal which signed Winters to a long-term contract.
She had a supporting role in "Larceny" (1948) then 20th Century Fox borrowed her for "Cry of the City" (1948).
Winters was second-billed in "Johnny Stool Pigeon" (1949) with Howard Duff, and "Take One False Step" (1949) with William Powell.
Paramount borrowed her to play Mabel in "The Great Gatsby" (1949) with Alan Ladd. Back at Universal she was in "Winchester 73" (1950), opposite James Stewart, a huge hit.
Universal gave Winters top billing in "South Sea Sinner" (1950). She co starred with Joel McCrea in "Frenchie" (1950).
"A Place in the Sun".
Winters originally broke into Hollywood films as a Blonde Bombshell type, but quickly tired of the role's limitations. She claims to have washed off her make-up to audition for the role of Alice Tripp, the factory girl, in "A Place in the Sun", directed by George Stevens, now a landmark American film. As the Associated Press reported, the general public was unaware of how serious a craftswoman Winters was. "Although she was in demand as a character actress, Winters continued to study her craft. She attended Charles Laughton's Shakespeare classes and worked at the Actors Studio, both as student and teacher." She studied in the Hollywood Studio Club, and in the late 1940s, she shared an apartment with Marilyn Monroe.
Her performance in "A Place in the Sun" (1951), a departure from the sexpot image that her studio, Universal Pictures, was grooming her for at the time, brought Winters her first acclaim, earning her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress.
Winters went to United Artists for "He Ran All the Way" (1951) with John Garfield and RKO for "Behave Yourself!" (1951) with Farley Granger.
Winters was top-billed in "The Raging Tide" (1951) at Universal. She was loaned to 20th Century Fox for "Phone Call from a Stranger" (1952), with Bette Davis.
At Universal she did "Meet Danny Wilson" (1952) with Frank Sinatra and "Untamed Frontier" (1952) with Joseph Cotten. She went to MGM for "My Man and I" (1952) with Ricardo Montalbán. She performed in "A Streetcar Named Desire" on stage in Los Angeles.
Winters took off some time for the birth of her first child in 1953. She made her TV debut in "Mantrap" for "The Ford Television Theatre" in 1954. At MGM, she did "Executive Suite" (1954) and "Tennessee Champ" (1954), top-billed in the latter.
Winters returned to Universal to appear in "Saskatchewan" (1954), shot on location in Canada with Alan Ladd and "Playgirl" (1954) with Barry Sullivan. She appeared in a TV version of "Sorry, Wrong Number".
Europe.
Winters travelled to Europe to make "Mambo" (1954) with Vittorio Gassman who became her husband. She then shot "Cash on Delivery" (1954) in England.
Winters performed in a version of "The Women" for "Producers' Showcase" then had a key role in "I Am a Camera" (1955) starring opposite Julie Harris and Laurence Harvey. Even more highly acclaimed was Charles Laughton's 1955 "Night of the Hunter" with Robert Mitchum and Lillian Gish.
At Warner Bros, Winters was Jack Palance's leading lady in "I Died a Thousand Times" (1955), then for RKO she co starred with Rory Calhoun in "The Treasure of Pancho Villa" (1955). She was in "The Big Knife" (1955) for Robert Aldrich.
Return to Broadway.
Winters returned to Broadway in "A Hatful of Rain", in 1955–1956, opposite Ben Gazzara and future husband Anthony Franciosa. It ran for 398 performances.
"Girls of Summer" (1956–57) was directed by Jack Garfein and co-starred George Peppard but only ran for 56 performances.
On TV she reprised her "Double Life" performance in "The Alcoa Hour" in 1957. She appeared in episodes of "The United States Steel Hour", "Climax!", "Wagon Train", "Schlitz Playhouse", "The DuPont Show of the Month", and "Kraft Theatre".
"Diary of Anne Frank".
In 1960 she won a Best Supporting Actress Oscar for her role as Mrs. Van Daan in George Stevens' film adaptation of "The Diary of Anne Frank" (1959). She donated her award statuette to the Anne Frank House in Amsterdam.
Winters was in much demand as a character actor now, getting good roles in "Odds Against Tomorrow" (1959), "Let No Man Write My Epitaph" (1960) and "The Young Savages" (1961). She received excellent reviews for her performance as the man-hungry Charlotte Haze in Stanley Kubrick's "Lolita" (1962).
Winters returned to Broadway on "The Night of the Iguana" (1962), playing Bette Davis's role. She performed Off Broadway in "Cages" by Lewis John Carlino in 1963.
Many of her roles now had a sexual component: in "The Chapman Report" (1962) she played an unfaithful housewife and she played madams in "The Balcony" (1963) and "A House Is Not a Home" (1964). She appeared in "Wives and Lovers" (1963) and episodes of shows such as "Alcoa Theatre", "Ben Casey", and "Thirty-Minute Theatre".
Winters was featured in the Italian film "Time of Indifference" (1964) with Rod Steiger and Claudia Cardinale, and had one of the many cameos in the religious epic "The Greatest Story Ever Told" (1965), again for George Stevens.
"A Patch of Blue".
Winters won another Best Supporting Actress Oscar in "A Patch of Blue" (1965). She had supporting roles opposite Michael Caine in "Alfie" (1966) and as the fading, alcoholic former starlet Fay Estabrook in "Harper" (1966).
She returned to Broadway in "Under the Weather" (1966) by Saul Bellow which ran for 12 performances.
Winters played "Ma Parker" the villain in "Batman". She was in a TV version of "The Three Sisters" (1966) and had roles in "Enter Laughing" (1967) for Carl Reiner, "Armchair Theatre", "Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre" (several episodes), "The Scalphunters" (1968) for Sydney Pollack, "Wild in the Streets" (1968), "Buona Sera, Mrs. Campbell" (1968), "Arthur? Arthur!" (1969), and "The Mad Room" (1969).
Final starring roles.
Winters played Ma Barker in "Bloody Mama" (1970) a big hit for Roger Corman. She had roles in "How Do I Love Thee?" (1970) and "Flap" (1970) for Carol Reed.
She returned to the stage to play Minnie Marx, mother of the Marx Brothers in the Broadway musical "Minnie's Boys" (1970), which ran for 80 performances. Winters wrote an evening of three one act plays titled "One Night Stands of a Noisy Passenger" (1970–1971), which ran for seven performances; the cast included Robert De Niro and Diane Ladd.
Winters had the lead in two horror films, "Whoever Slew Auntie Roo?" (1971), and "What's the Matter with Helen?" (1971), and two TV movies, "Revenge!" (1971), and "A Death of Innocence" (1971).
She had supporting roles in "Adventures of Nick Carter" (1972) and had a coleading role in "Something to Hide" (1972) with Peter Finch. She starred in "The Vamp" for "ITV Sunday Night Theatre".
In "The Poseidon Adventure" (1972), she was the ill-fated Belle Rosen (for which she received her final Oscar nomination). She put on weight for the role and never got rid of it.
Winters was top-billed in "The Devil's Daughter" (1973) for TV. She had a supporting role in "Blume in Love" (1973) for Paul Mazursky and "Cleopatra Jones" (1973) and leading parts in "Big Rose: Double Trouble" (1974) and "The Sex Symbol" (1974).
Winters guest-starred on "McCloud" and "Chico and the Man" and was seen in "Poor Pretty Eddie" (1975), "That Lucky Touch" (1975), "Journey Into Fear" (1975), "Diamonds" (1975), "Next Stop, Greenwich Village" (1976) for Paul Mazursky, "The Tenant" (1976) for Roman Polanski, "Mimì Bluette... fiore del mio giardino" (1977) with Monica Vitti, "Tentacles" (1977), "An Average Little Man" (1977) with Alberto Sordi, "Pete's Dragon" (1977), "The Initiation of Sarah" (1978), and "King of the Gypsies" (1978).
She starred in a 1978 Broadway production of Paul Zindel's "The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds", which only had a short run.
Winters starred in the Italian horror film "Gran bollito" (1979) and played Gladys Presley in "Elvis" (1979) for TV. She was in "The Visitor" (1979), "City on Fire" (1979), "The Magician of Lublin" (1979) for Menahem Golan, "The French Atlantic Affair" (1979) and an episode of "Vega$".
In 1980, Winters published the best-selling autobiography "Shelley: Also Known As Shirley" She followed it up in 1989 with a second memoir, "Shelley II: The Middle of My Century".
1980s.
Winters' 1980s performances included "Looping" (1981), "S.O.B.", episodes of "The Love Boat", "Sex, Lies and Renaissance" (1983), "Over the Brooklyn Bridge" (1984), "Ellie" (1984), "Déjà Vu" (1985), "Alice in Wonderland" (1985), and "The Delta Force" (1986). She did "The Gingerbread Lady" on stage.
She had a starring role in "Witchfire" (1986) and was credited as executive producer.
She was in "Very Close Quarters" (1986), "Purple People Eater" (1988), and "An Unremarkable Life" (1989).
1990s.
Her final performances included "Touch of a Stranger" (1990), "Stepping Out" (1991) with Liza Minnelli, "Weep No More, My Lady" (1992), "The Pickle" (1993) for Mazursky, and "The Silence of the Hams" (1994).
Later audiences knew her primarily for her autobiographies and for her television work, in which she usually played a humorous parody of her public persona. In a recurring role in the 1990s, Winters played the title character's grandmother on the sitcom "Roseanne".
Her final film roles were supporting ones: She played a restaurant owner and mother of an overweight cook in "Heavy" (1995) with Liv Tyler and Debbie Harry for James Mangold; an aristocrat in "The Portrait of a Lady" (1996), starring Nicole Kidman and John Malkovich; and an embittered nursing home administrator in 1999's "Gideon". She was in comedies such as "Backfire!" (1995), "Jury Duty" (1995), and "Mrs. Munck" (1995) as well as "Raging Angels" (1995).
Winters made an appearance at the 1998 Academy Awards telecast, which featured a tribute to Oscar winners past and present.
The Associated Press reported: "During her 50 years as a widely known personality, Winters was rarely out of the news. Her stormy marriages, her romances with famous stars, her forays into politics and feminist causes kept her name before the public. She delighted in giving provocative interviews and seemed to have an opinion on everything." That led to a second career as a writer. Though not a conventional beauty, she claimed that her acting, wit, and "chutzpah" gave her a love life to rival Monroe's. Her alleged "conquests" included William Holden, Sean Connery, Burt Lancaster, Errol Flynn, and Marlon Brando.
Personal life.
Winters was married four times. Her husbands were:
Hours before her death, Winters married long-time companion Gerry DeFord, with whom she had lived for 19 years. Though Winters' daughter objected to the marriage, the actress Sally Kirkland performed the wedding ceremony for the two at Winters' deathbed. Kirkland, a minister of the Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness, also performed non-denominational last rites for Winters.
Winters had a much-publicized romance with Farley Granger that became a long-term friendship (according to their respective autobiographies). She starred with him in the 1951 film "Behave Yourself!" as well as in a 1957 television production of A. J. Cronin's novel "Beyond This Place".
Winters was a Democrat and attended the 1960 Democratic National Convention. In 1965, she addressed the Selma Marchers briefly outside Montgomery, Alabama on the night before they marched into the state capitol.
She became friendly with rock singer Janis Joplin shortly before Joplin died in 1970. Winters invited Joplin to sit in on a class session at the Actors' Studio at its Los Angeles location. Joplin never did.
Death.
Winters died at the age of 85 on January 14, 2006 of heart failure at the Rehabilitation Centre of Beverly Hills; she had suffered a heart attack on October 14, 2005. She is interred at Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery in Culver City, California. Her third former husband, Anthony Franciosa, had a stroke on the same day she died, and he died five days later.
Filmography.
Theater.
Summer Stock plays
Awards and nominations.
Academy Awards
Golden Globe Awards
Primetime Emmy Awards
British Academy Film Awards


Hope Hibbard

Hope Hibbard (December 18, 1893- May 12, 1988) was an American biologist, cytologist, zoologist, and professor of zoology. Born in Altoona, Pennsylvania, she conducted research in the fields of histology and marine biology, utilizing organisms such as silkworms, limpets, earthworms, and frogs. Hibbard dedicated most of her life to education as a professor at multiple institutions, including Bryn Mawr College, Elmira College, and Oberlin College. She received accolades for her research and academic merits, such as the Sarah Berliner Fellowship and the Adelia A. Field Johnston Professor of Zoology. Hibbard is not only remembered for her intellectual endeavors, but for her support of women in the scientific sphere and her involvement in associations that forwarded female roles in science and research, such as the American Association of University Women (AAUW).
Early life and education.
Hibbard was born to parents Mary (né Scofield) Hibbard and Herbert Wade Hibbard in 1893. Her father worked as a mechanical engineering professor.
Hibbard entered college at the University of Missouri, where she completed her undergraduate degree in zoology in 1916. She subsequently studied to earn her master's degree, also in zoology, from the University of Missouri in 1918. From there, she elected to complete her Ph. D in zoology from Bryn Mawr College while additionally serving as a demonstrator for Bryn Mawr's biology department until 1921. The doctoral research conducted her Ph.D. in zoology focused on the fertilization of sea urchin eggs.
After accepting a bachelor's degree, master's degree, and doctoral degree, Hibbard began her occupational journey as a professor at Elmira College. She first served as an associate professor, remaining at Elmira for four years. In the year 1926, Hibbard was honored with the Sarah Berliner Fellowship, a one-year educational opportunity provided by the AAUW which allowed her to study and work as a labarotory preparateur at the University of Paris. During that time, Hibbard's laboratory position centered around comparative anatomy techniques, which allowed her to conduct research of her own. After her fellowship ended, Hibbard was able to extend her European education for one more year with the support of the International Education Board. Her two years of education and research concerning the oogenesis of frog eggs consummated a doctorate of science from the Sorbonne.
Academia.
Upon her return to the United States in 1928, Hibbard accepted the position of assistant professor in the zoology department at Oberlin College in Ohio. She devoted the next 34 years of her life at the college, occupying several different positions and titles. For 33 of her 34 years at Oberlin, she was the only female faculty member of the zoology department. Hibbard was promoted to an associate professor after serving just three years at Oberlin, and in an additional three years, she rose to the rank of full professor. This series of advancements in her professorship was almost unheard of for women during Hibbard's time; the standard progression of women professors was a drawn-out process, and female professors were commonly made to either wait for the completion an installed interval of time determined by international guidelines before rising in rank or remain at their current rank. Her steady elevation in the zoology department was therefore unorthodox in her day and age.
Hibbard's research conducted while at Oberlin concentrated on a variety of fields, including cytology, histology, and marine biology. Her histological studies pinpointed research concerning organs and tissues of several marine invertebrates, including limpets, earthworms, silkworms, and squid. Her cytological research was conducted on the Golgi apparatus. She additionally worked as a trustee at the Woods Holes Marine Biological Laboratory in Massachusetts during her professorship at Oberlin.
in 1952, Hibbard received the title of Adelia A. Field Johnston Professor of Zoology, an esteemed promotion her department. Two years later, after 24 years of teaching at Oberlin College, Hibbard mean her four-year term as department chair.
Advocacy for women in science.
Hibbard is viewed as a crusader for women in the scientific sphere. She held strong opinions about the untapped abilities of women due to both perpetuated stereotypes initialized by men and additional self-deprecating tendencies, and she utilized her membership in several academic assemblies to express her viewpoints. Hibbard served as an avid member of the AAUW and the American Association for the Advancement of Science, among others, and wrote several discourses in which she urged women to integrate marriage and professional endeavors within science rather than abandoning one from the other.
Examples of Hibbard's papers include "Vocations for Women and How College Can Prepare Them" (1935), "The Life of Oberlin Women Today" (1937), and "Women in Research." In these multiple dialogues, Hibbard communicated her desire for women to overcome social boundaries concerning their position in science. She worked to encourage women to forge their paths independent of discouraging social views and to mold their own journey as both intellectuals and spouses, as opposed to exclusively one of the two.
Hibbard additionally spearheaded the Oberlin chapter of League of Women Voters while a professor at the institution.
Death and legacy.
Hibbard died at the age of 94 in 1988, one year after becoming an honorary life member of the AAUW. Oberlin College honored her memory by establishing the Hope Hibbard Memorial Award shortly following her death.


Pectoral muscles

Pectoral muscles (colloquially referred to as "pecs") are the muscles that connect the front of the human chest with the bones of the upper arm and shoulder.
Pectoralis major is a thick, fan-shaped muscle, which makes up the bulk of the chest muscle. It lies under the breast. It serves to flex, extend, and rotate the humerus, the long bone of the upper arm.
Pectoralis minor is a thin, triangular muscle located beneath the pectoralis major. It attaches to the ribs, and serves to stabilize the scapula, the large bone of the shoulder.
The pectoral fascia is a thin layer of tissue over the pectoralis major, extending toward the latissimus dorsi muscle on the back.
Along with the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor, the subclavius muscle forms the axilla or armpit. The subclavius moves the shoulder downward and forward.
Serratus anterior is another muscle on the front of the chest. It moves the scapula forward around the torso, as when throwing a punch.
Between the ribs are various groups of intercostal muscles, which help with breathing.


Mandibular fossa

The mandibular fossa is the depression in the temporal bone that articulates with the mandible. In the temporal bone, the mandibular fossa is bounded anteriorly by the articular tubercle and posteriorly by the tympanic portion of the temporal bone, which separates it from the external acoustic meatus. The fossa is divided into two parts by a narrow slit, the petrotympanic fissure (Glaserian fissure).
It is also referred to as the glenoid fossa in dental literature.


Peripatopsidae

Peripatopsidae is one of the two living velvet worm families.
Description.
The Peripatopsidae exhibit relatively many characteristics that are perceived as original or "primitive" with respect to the Peripatidae. They have between 13 and 25 pairs of legs, behind or between the last of which is the genital opening (gonopore). Both oviparous and ovoviviparous, as well as genuinely viviparous, species exist, although the Peripatopsidae essentially lack a placenta.
Distribution.
The distribution of the Peripatopsidae is circumaustral; in particular, they inhabit Australasia, South Africa and Chile.
Genera.
The family contains the following genera:


List of mammalogists

This is a list of notable mammalogists, in alphabetical order by surname.


Monopeltis infuscata

Monopeltis infuscata, also known commonly as the dusky spade-snouted worm lizard, the dusky worm lizard, and the infuscate wedge-snouted amphisbaenian, is a species of amphisbaenian in the family Amphisbaenidae. The species is indigenous to southern Africa.
Geographic range.
"M. infuscata" is found in Angola, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe.
Habitat.
The preferred natural habitats of "M. infuscata" are grassland, shrubland, and savanna, at altitudes of .
Description.
"M. infuscata" is pinkish, both dorsally and ventrally. Adults usually have a snout-to-vent length (SVL) of . The maximum recorded SVL is .
Reproduction.
"M. infuscata" is viviparous. The adult female gives birth to a small brood in summer.


Necopinatidae

Necopinatidae is a family of water bears or moss piglets, tardigrades in the class Eutardigrada.
It contains the following species in two genera


Trichogypsia

Trichogypsia is a genus of calcareous sponges in the order Baerida.
Taxonomy.
The following species are recognised in the genus "Trichogypsia":


Praecambridium

Praecambridium sigillum is an extinct organism that superficially resembles a segmented trilobite-like arthropod. It was originally described as being a trilobite-like arthropod, though the majority of experts now place it within the Proarticulata as a close relative of the much larger "Yorgia". It is from the Late Ediacaran deposit of Ediacara Hills, Australia, about 555 million years ago. On average, "P. sigillum" had at least 5 pairs of segments, with each unit becoming progressively larger as they approach the cephalon-like head.
Etymology.
The generic name is a compound word, with the Latin prefix "prae" "before" and a reference to the Cambrian mollusc genus "Cambridium", in reference to how the appearance of the various segments are reminiscent of the muscle-scars on the inner surface of the shells of "Cambridium". The specific name is from Latin "sigillum" "a sigil".
See also.
List of Ediacaran genera


Primnoeides

Primnoeides is a genus of Cnidaria in the family Primnoidae.


Transverse cervical artery

The transverse cervical artery (transverse artery of neck or transversa colli artery) is an artery in the neck and a branch of the thyrocervical trunk, running at a higher level than the suprascapular artery.
Structure.
It passes transversely below the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle to the anterior margin of the trapezius, beneath which it divides into a superficial and a deep branch.
It crosses in front of the phrenic nerve and the scalene muscles, and in front of or between the divisions of the brachial plexus, and is covered by the platysma and sternocleidomastoid muscles, and crossed by the omohyoid and trapezius.
The transverse cervical artery originates from the thyrocervical trunk, it passes through the posterior triangle of the neck to the anterior border of the levator scapulae muscle, where it divides into deep and superficial branches.
Function.
Superficial branch.
Upon entering the trapezius muscle the superficial branch divides again into an ascending and descending branch. The ascending branch distributes branches to trapezius, and to the neighboring muscles and lymph glands in the neck, and anastomoses with the superficial branch of the descending branch of the occipital artery. The descending branch which is also called as superficial cervical artery, anastomoses with the deep and dorsal scapular artery which in turn links to the subscapular artery. This anastomosis is a ring circulation around the scapula where it continues to the suprascapular artery via the circumflex scapular artery.
Deep branch.
The dorsal scapular artery (or descending scapular artery) is a blood vessel which supplies the
levator scapulae, rhomboids, and trapezius.
It most frequently arises from the subclavian artery (the second or third part), but a quarter of the time it arises from the transverse cervical artery. In that case, the artery is also known as the deep branch of the transverse cervical artery, and the junction of those two is called cervicodorsal trunk.
It passes beneath the levator scapulae to the superior angle of the scapula, and then descends under the rhomboid muscles along the vertebral border of the scapula as far as the inferior angle.
It anastomoses with the suprascapular and circumflex scapular arteries.


Futa (red panda)

Futa (born 2003) is a male red panda ("Ailurus fulgens") in the zoo of Chiba, Japan. In 2005, he became a visitor attraction and a television celebrity in Japan for his ability to stand upright on his hind feet for about ten seconds at a time.
At the time, this feat drew about 6,000 visitors to the zoo each weekend and resulted in Futa's appearance in a soft drink television advertisement. Futa inspired the character of Pabu, an animal companion in the animated U.S. TV series "The Legend of Korra".


Discodermia

Discodermia is a genus of deep-water sea sponge.
Species.
The following species are accepted within "Discodermia":
Pharmacology.
"D. dissoluta" is of interest to bio and organic chemists because it produces (+)-discodermolide, a polyketide natural product with immunosuppressive and cancer killing properties.
Antimicrobial/anticancer peptides called discodermins have been isolated from "D. kiiensis".


Superficial cerebral veins

The superficial cerebral veins are a group of cerebral veins in the head.
This group includes the superior cerebral veins, the superficial middle cerebral vein, the inferior cerebral veins, the inferior anastomotic vein and the superior anastomotic vein.


Cutaneous structure development


Macrobiotus

Macrobiotus is a genus of tardigrade consisting of about 100 species.
Species include:


Orbitofrontal artery

Orbitofrontal artery is one of the branches of the anterior cerebral artery, that supplies blood to the cerebrum. The orbitofrontal artery is usually the first cortical branch of the A2 segment, arising from the subcallosal segment to supply the inferior and inferomedial surfaces of the frontal lobe including the gyri recti.


Mantelliceras

Mantelliceras is an extinct ammonoid cephalopod genus belonging to the family Acanthoceratidae and type for the Mantelliceratinae, that lived from the Late Albian to the late Cenomanian stage of the Late Cretaceous.
Description.
"Mantelliceras" is characterized by a strongly ribbed, moderately involute shell with a moderately wide umbilicus, and rounded whorl section. The final whorl leaves inner whorls partly exposed. High standing ribs cross over the venter smoothly. Primary ribs arise from the umbilical wall. Secondaries, usually one per intervening space, arise higher on the flanks. Species of "Mantelliceras" are known to reach a diameter of about 13 centimeters.
Distribution.
Species of "Mantelliceras"' have been found in Cretaceous sediments in Angola, France, Germany, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Spain, the United Kingdom, and United States.
Species.
Species of "Manatelliceras" include:


Meningohypophyseal artery

The meningohypophyseal artery, or meningohypophyseal trunk, is an inconstant branch of the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery. Classically, the meningohypophyseal artery has three named branches:


Taxonomy of the animals (Hutchins et al., 2003)

The taxonomy of the animals presented by Hutchins "et al." in 2003 in "Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia" is a system of classification which covers all the metazoans, from phyla to orders (or families, for Hexapoda and Pisces, or species, for Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia).


Ice seal

Ice seal, or (in the Southern Hemisphere) pack-ice seal is a general term applied to any one of a number of pinniped species of the family Phocidae whose life cycle is completed largely on or about the sea ice of the Earth's polar regions.
The following are widely considered pagophilic or "ice-loving" species:


Macrostomorpha

Macrostomorpha is a clade of free living flatworms ranked either as class or subclass in the group Rhabditophora. There are about 260 described species in two orders - marine, freshwater and brackish Macrostomida, which group most of the species diversity, and exclusively marine Haplopharyngida with only three described species. Macrostomorpha constitute a basal group in Rhabditophora, showing such plesiomorphic condition as entolecithal eggs and spiral cleavage. Another trait found among members of the clade is presence of hard stylet in the male copulatory organ.


Cliona

Cliona is a genus of demosponges in the family Clionaidae. It contains about eighty described species.
Species.
Species in this genus include:


Aphrocallistidae

Aphrocallistidae is a family of hexactinellid sponges in the order Sceptrulophora.
Genera.
There are two genera in Aphrocallistidae.


Laevidentaliidae

Laevidentaliidae is a family of relatively large tusk shells, scaphopod mollusks in the order Dentaliida.


Peripatus manni

Peripatus manni is a species of velvet worm in the Peripatidae family. The type locality is in Haiti.


Phoronis hippocrepia

Phoronis hippocrepia is a species of marine horseshoe worm in the phylum Phoronida.


Homidia similis

Homidia similis is a species of slender springtail in the family Entomobryidae.


Cephalodium

Cephalodia (singular cephalodium) are small gall-like structures found in some species of lichens that contain cyanobacterial symbionts. Cephalodia can occur within the tissues of the lichen, or on its upper or lower surface. Lichens that have both green algal and cyanobacterial symbionts restrict the cyanobacteria to cephalodia. Lichens that have only cyanobacterial symbionts do not have cephalodia: instead the cyanobacteria are widely distributed throughout the lichen. Lichens with cephalodia can fix nitrogen, and can be an important contributor of nitrogen to the ecosystem.


The Sasquatch and Other Unknown Hominoids


Amphidiscella

Amphidiscella is a genus of sea sponge in the family Euplectellidae.
Species.
The following species are accepted within "Amphidiscella":


Lepidocyrtus cyaneus

Lepidocyrtus cyaneus is a species of slender springtail in the family Entomobryidae. It is found in Europe.


Thyrocervical trunk

The thyrocervical trunk is a branch of the subclavian artery arising from the first portion of this vessel, i.e. between the origin of the subclavian artery and the inner border of the scalenus anterior muscle. It is located distally to the vertebral artery and proximally to the costocervical trunk.
Branches.
It is a short and thick vessel and it divides soon after its origin into four branches:
The transverse cervical artery is present in about 1/3 of cases. In the rest, the dorsal scapular and superficial cervical arteries arise separately.
The suprascapular artery and transverse cervical artery both head laterally and cross in front of (anterior to) the scalenus anterior muscle and the phrenic nerve. The inferior thyroid artery runs superiorly from the thyrocervical trunk to the inferior portion of the thyroid gland.
These branches explain the alternative name for this blood vessel: the "truncus thyrobicervicoscapularis".


Halichondria arenacea

Halichondria arenacea is a species of sea sponge belonging to the family Halichondriidae.


Old German Magpie Tumbler

The Old German Magpie Tumbler () is a breed of fancy pigeon developed over many years of selective breeding. The Old German Magpie Tumbler, along with other varieties of domesticated pigeons are all descendants from the rock pigeon ("Columba livia").


Bigfoot Discovery Museum

Bigfoot Discovery Museum is a museum in Felton, California devoted to Bigfoot (Sasquatch).
The founder, Michael Rugg, graduated from Stanford University in 1968, worked in Silicon Valley until the dot-com bust, then opened the museum in 2004 or 2005. Paula Yarr is listed as a co-founder. The museum features tchotchkes from the 1970s Bigfoot boom, and the 1980s resurrection with "Harry and the Hendersons" memorabilia.


Boloceroides mcmurrichi

Boloceroides mcmurrichi is a species of sea anemone in the family Boloceroididae.


Ligamentum venosum

The ligamentum venosum is the fibrous remnant of the ductus venosus of the fetal circulation. Usually, it is attached to the left branch of the portal vein within the porta hepatis. It may be continuous with the round ligament of liver.
It is invested by the peritoneal folds of the lesser omentum within a fissure on the visceral/posterior surface of the liver between the caudate and main parts of the left lobe.
It is grouped with the liver in "Terminologia Anatomica".


Sanduscolex

Sanduscolex is a genus of lower Ordovician palaeoscolecid.


Zygomatic process of temporal bone


Paradoxipus orzeliscoides

Paradoxipus orzeliscoides is a species of tardigrade. It is the only species in the genus Paradoxipus, part of the family Halechiniscidae and the subfamily Orzeliscinae. The species has been found in the coastal waters of the southeastern United States, in the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. The genus and the species were named and described by Reinhardt Kristensen and Robert P. Higgins in 1989.


Ralph Izzard

Ralph William Burdick Izzard, OBE (27 August 1910 – 2 December 1992) was an English journalist, author, adventurer and, during World War II, a British Naval Intelligence officer.
As a journalist, Izzard spent virtually his entire career with one newspaper, the "Daily Mail". After rising to the position of Berlin bureau chief, he remained a star of the paper for 31 years. The stories he covered took him from Egypt to Algeria, Lebanon to Kenya, Korea and beyond.
In addition to his duties with the "Daily Mail", he wrote four books chronicling his experiences in India, Nepal and the Middle East. He is best known for the most famous of his exploits, when, as portrayed in his book "The Innocent on Everest", he set out on his own, without a compass or map, to pursue John Hunt's to its base camp at 18,000 ft.
During World War II, Izzard served with distinction as an officer with British Naval Intelligence and 30 Assault Unit. He received several awards and was appointed an OBE. His tour of duty took place under the command of Ian Fleming, who based elements of his first novel "Casino Royale" and its protagonist James Bond on Lieutenant Commander Izzard and a card game in which he found himself playing poker against covert Nazi intelligence agents at a casino in Pernambuco, Brazil.
Early life.
Born in Billericay, Essex on 27 August 1910 to Percy and Florence Burdick Izzard, Ralph Izzard was the youngest of the couple's two children. His sister, Floris, was born in 1907. His father, Percy Izzard, was the "Daily Mail's" highly respected gardening correspondent (claimed by Ralph to have been the inspiration of William Boot in the Evelyn Waugh novel "Scoop").
In 1919, Izzard entered Caldicott School, a preparatory school for boys near London, where he remained enrolled until 1924. Then, aged 13, he entered The Leys School, where, in addition to his studies, he played water-polo. In 1928, his term at The Leys School being complete, he went on to Queens' College, Cambridge and graduated in 1931. That same year he joined the staff at the "Daily Mail".
Foreign correspondent in Berlin.
After graduation from Cambridge, Izzard was appointed as foreign correspondent for the "Daily Mail". His first post was Berlin where he was appointed and remained bureau chief for a number of years during the cold war. Afterwards Izzard stayed on as a foreign correspondent for 31 years. It has been speculated that in addition to performing his actual duties with the "Daily Mail", Izzard used the position as a cover while engaged in intelligence operations for MI6.
World War II.
Royal Navy Volunteer Reserves.
At the onset of World War II, Izzard joined the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserves as an Ordinary Seaman, and qualified as a gunner but was soon commissioned a Sub-Lieutenant, eventually ascending to the rank of Lieutenant Commander in a position with British Naval Intelligence. He served with distinction, being Mentioned in Despatches and appointed OBE.
British Intelligence, 30 AU, MI9, MI19.
Ralph Izzard was recruited to the Naval Intelligence Division and 30 Assault Unit by Ian Fleming due, in some measure, to his ability to speak fluent German, as well as his expert knowledge of Berlin and its society. His duties included the interrogation of captured German combatants, intelligence collection in the battlespace, and espionage. The British Admiralty operated an interrogation center known as the "CSDIC" (Combined Services Detailed Interrogation Centre) at Cockfosters Camp for the joint use of the Royal Navy, the R.A.F., and the British Army. Izzard regularly participated in the questioning of PoWs and provided detailed reports to his superiors regarding intelligence obtained as a result of interrogation. A number of his reports and letters were forwarded to and read by Winston Churchill.
Prior to its entry into World War II, the United States Navy sent an intelligence officer to Great Britain to observe the interrogation of German PoWs, for which the Royal Navy provided a liaison officer: (then) LT Ralph Izzard, (RNVR). Izzard trained the initial cadre of U.S. Navy PoW interrogators and was further tasked with traveling to the United States in order to instruct operatives in the disciplines of cryptanalysis, interrogation, and intelligence dissemination. He was instrumental in establishing Op-16-Z, a section of the U.S. Office of Naval Intelligence, which dealt with the processing of enemy prisoners. Subsequently, British protocol for prisoner debriefing was adopted by the U.S. Armed Forces, and the Joint Interrogation Center for Prisoners of War was established in 1941.
Izzard also participated in the creation of a plan (code named Operation Ruthless), the objective of which was to obtain German Naval Enigma documentation to aid British Intelligence in the decryption of secret German communications. The plan consisted of crashing a captured German aeroplane into the English Channel where the British crew, dressed in Luftwaffe uniforms, would be rescued by a German patrol boat. The "survivors" would then kill the German crew, hijack the ship, and confiscate the secret Enigma documents. Much to the annoyance of codebreakers at Bletchley Park, the operation was scrapped. In a BBC Radio 4 program called "The Bond Correspondence" broadcast on 24 May 2008, Lucy Fleming, the niece of Ian Fleming, stated that the plan was cancelled because the Royal Air Force concluded that a downed Heinkel bomber dropped into the English Channel would sink rather than float, posing too great a danger to the lives of British operatives.
Cryptozoology.
Izzard took interest in cryptozoology, a pseudoscience. In 1945, Izzard accompanied by naturalist C. R. Stoner took a pseudo-scientific expedition to the Silo (Ziro) Valley of Arunachal Pradesh to search for evidence for the "Buru", a legendary lizard creature. Izzard published a book, "The Hunt for the Buru" which presented the results of the expedition. Izzard concluded that extant saurians, seemingly dinosaurs (four metres in length) had existed in the valley until as recent as 1940. This view was rejected by scientists as dinosaurs went extinct approximately 66 million years ago.
Personal life.
Izzard was married to Ellen Schmidt-Klewitz from 1931 to 1946 with whom he had a daughter, Christina. Izzard had a son with the German actress Marianne Hoppe, Benedikt Hoppe being born in 1946. He was married to Molly Crutchleigh-FitzPatrick from 1947 to 1992 with whom he had two daughters and two sons, Miles, Anthea, Sabrina and Sebastian.


Vema occidua

Vema occidua is a species of monoplacophoran, a superficially limpet-like marine mollusc.


Superior ophthalmic vein

The superior ophthalmic vein begins at the inner angle of the orbit in a vein named the nasofrontal which communicates anteriorly with the angular vein; it does not pursue the same course as the ophthalmic artery (which instead passes through the optic canal) and receives tributaries corresponding to the branches of that vessel.
Forming a short single trunk, it passes between the two heads of the Rectus lateralis and through the medial part of the superior orbital fissure, and ends in the cavernous sinus.
The "ethmoidal veins" drain into the superior ophthalmic vein.
Vorticose veins also drain into the superior ophthalmic vein.
Clinical relevance.
The medial angle of the eye, nose and lips (known as the danger triangle of the face) usually drain through the facial vein, via the ophthalmic vein through the cavernous sinus. As a result, an infection of the face may spread to the cavernous sinus and pterygoid venous plexus. This can lead to damage of the nerves running through the cavernous sinus.


Follicular atresia

Follicular atresia is the breakdown of the ovarian follicles, which consist of an oocyte surrounded by granulosa cells and internal and external theca cells. It occurs continually throughout a woman’s life, as they are born with millions of follicles but will only ovulate around 400 times in their lifetime. Typically around 20 follicles mature each month but only a single follicle is ovulated; the follicle from which the oocyte was released becomes the corpus luteum. The rest undergo atresia.
Mechanism.
Atresia is a hormonally controlled apoptotic process that depends dominantly on granulosa cell apoptosis. Follicular atresia is inhibited by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which promotes follicle development. Once the follicle has developed, it secretes estrogen, which in high levels decreases secretions of FSH. Granulosa cell apoptosis is considered the underlying mechanism of follicular atresia, and has been associated with five ligand-receptor systems involved in cell death: They are:
Granulosa cell apoptosis is promoted by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), though the mechanism of TNFα is unclear.
Fas antigen, a cell surface receptor protein that is expressed on granulosa cells, mediates signals that induce apoptosis by binding Fas ligand and therefore plays an important role in follicular atresia. Lack of a functional Fas ligand / Fas receptor system has been linked to abnormal follicle development, and greater numbers of secondary follicles as a result of the inability to induce apoptosis.
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand TRAIL activates Caspase 3 (CASP3), which in turn interacts with caspases 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 to induce apoptosis in granulosa cells.
In addition, two intracellular inhibitor proteins, cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein short form (cFLIPS) and long form (cFLIPL), which were strongly expressed in granulosa cells, may act as anti-apoptotic factors.
It has been proposed that enhanced levels of Nitrogen oxide in rats can prevent atresia of the ovarian follicle, and depressed levels have the opposite effect..
There are 2 types of atresia:
- Obliterating: small follicles are invaded by fibroblast and macrophages;
- Cystic: in large follicles, a cavity remains.
Related diseases.
Undergoing follicular atresia is necessary in order for women to maintain a healthy reproductive system. The inability to regulate granulosa cell apoptosis and undergo follicular atresia has been linked to the development of some hormone-related cancers and chemo-resistance.
2 types of atresia can be recognized: obliterating, in which small follicles are invaded by fibroblast and macrophages, and cystic, in which large follicles are involved and a cavity remains.


Retinaculum

A retinaculum (plural "retinacula") is a band of thickened deep fascia around tendons that holds them in place. It is not part of any muscle. Its function is mostly to stabilize a tendon. The term retinaculum is New Latin, derived from the Latin verb "retinere" (to retain). Specific retinacula include:


Alces (journal)

Alces is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes original papers on the biology and management of moose ("Alces alces") throughout their circumpolar distribution, as well as other ungulate or carnivore species that overlap their range. It has been edited
in published in Lakehead University (Thunder Bay, Ontario) since 1978 . A single volume per year is published; a volume has one or sometimes two issues, with occasional supplements.
History.
The history of the "Alces" journal is connected with the North American Moose Conference and Workshop, whose Annual Meetings have taken place
since 1963 . From the early days, a summary of the events was produced for each meeting in mimeographed form. Since the Fifth meeting of the conference in Alaska in 1968, formal publication of conference proceedings started, becoming regular annual issues since 1972 .
These proceedings are considered the predecessor of the "Alces" journal, and are including in the numbering of its volumes. The name "Alces" was adapted for the journal in 1981 (volume 17) .
Special issues.
"Alces" has also had special issues for several of the International Moose Symposia. While the materials of the First International Moose Symposium (Québec City, 1973) and Second International Moose Symposium (Uppsala, 1984) appeared in other journals, the proceedings of the Third (Syktyvkar, 1990), Fourth (Fairbanks, 1997) and Fifth (Øyer, Norway) International Moose Symposia appeared as supplements or special issues of "Alces".
Content.
While the majority of the articles in "Alces" still originate from conference papers, an increasing proportion of the manuscripts are submitted directly to the journal by researchers in Canada, United States, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Germany, Russia, and China.
Staff.
The first permanent editor of "Alces" (from 1978 to 1982) was Harold Cumming of the Lakehead University School of Forestry.
A number of Canadian and US scientists have edited the journal since then; as of 2006, the
co-editors are Art Rodgers and Gerry Redmond (Maritime College of Forest Technology, Fredericton, New Brunswick).


Clavulariidae

Clavulariidae is a family of soft corals in the suborder Stolonifera. Colonies in this family consist of separate retractable polyps growing from a horizontal, encrusting stolon or basal membrane. The tissues are stiffened by sclerites.
Genera.
The World Register of Marine Species includes the following genera in the family:


Opisthopatus roseus

The pink velvet worm ("Opisthopatus roseus") is a species of velvet worm in the Peripatopsidae family.
It is known only from Weza Forest, a Mistbelt Forest in South Africa. "Opisthopatus roseus" has been found on the forest floor amongst leaf litter, beneath, and within fallen logs. The species was previously considered extinct but is now listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Habitat loss and degradation are thought to be the cause of the species' decline.


Cordelia Stanwood

Cordelia J. Stanwood (1 August 1865 – 20 November 1958) was an American ornithologist and wildlife photographer. One of her great achievements was the creation of Birdsacre Sanctuary, also known as Stanwood Wildlife Sanctuary. Before being known as an ornithologist-photographer, Cordelia was a teacher and principal. She taught both grammar and art during her lifetime.
Early life and education.
Cordelia was born to a wealthy merchant's daughter and a sea captain in Maine. When she was fourteen, Cordelia moved in with her aunt, also named Cordelia, and her family in Providence, Rhode Island. In 1886, Cordelia J. Stanwood graduated from a Girls' High School of Providence. For the next year, she trained to become a teacher at Providence Training School for Teachers. She graduated in 1887, and her first teaching job was at Messer Street Training School. Cordelia desired to become a Critic Teacher at the school, so she studied in Martha's Vineyard for a summer. This was where she first met Henry Bailey, an artist who eventually became a teacher and friend. Five years after being hired as a teacher, Bailey persuaded Cordelia to attend the Normal Arts School in Boston, Massachusetts. Cordelia was also a principal at this time. While she graduated from the school in Boston, she did not find employment. She then went back to Providence, Rhode Island, and taught. Until the year 1900, Cordelia taught in other places in Massachusetts and New York.
Beginnings in ornithology.
At the age of 39, Cordelia had a "nervous breakdown" and stopped teaching. She moved back to Ellsworth, Maine, where she spent the first fourteen years of her life. During her recovery, Cordelia began bird watching. She both wrote about the birds she observed and took pictures of them. Her findings and writings were shared in journals. This includes, ""The Boys Scouts’ Yearbook", "House Beautiful", "Farm Mechanics", "American Poultry Journal", and "Nature Magazine"." While she grew up in a home of means, she did not have much funds to go around when she was older. Cordelia insisted on being independent and sought to provide for herself. This often came from doing farm chores or selling the crafts she would make. Other income came from articles she wrote that were published in farming magazines. Marcia Bonta says in her book, "Too proud to accept help from anyone, even her siblings, she was reduced in her old age to selling greeting cards from door to door."
Photography.
In 1910, Cordelia published her first observational study titled, "The Hermit Thrush: the Voice of the Northern Woods." Her career as a photographer started in 1916, and the American Ornithologist's Union presented her portrait in the Library of Congress in 1934. She later gave the pictures she took to the Acadia National Park and her notes to the Ellsworth Bird Club.
Death and Birdsacre.
Cordelia J. Stanwood died at age ninety-three on November 20, 1958. Her final home and land became the Birdsacre Sanctuary and is considered a National Park. Cordelia's writings, photographs, and findings live on at Birdsacre Sanctuary as well as places such as the Smithsonian.


Specific name (zoology)

In zoological nomenclature, the specific name (also specific epithet or species epithet) is the second part (the second name) within the scientific name of a species (a binomen). The first part of the name of a species is the name of the genus or the generic name. The rules and regulations governing the giving of a new species name are explained in the article species description.
Historically, this was not the case. Carl Linnaeus, who formalized binomial nomenclature, made explicit distinctions between specific, generic, and trivial names. The generic name was that of the genus, the first in the binomial, the trivial name was the second name in the binomial, and the specific the proper term for the combination of the two. For example the binomial name of the tiger, "Panthera tigris".
This was the proper usage from the 18th century into the late 20th century, although many authors seemed to be unaware of the distinctions between trivial and specific names and inconsistent and erroneous usage even appeared the International Code of Zoölogical Nomenclature.
The grammar of species names.
Grammatically, a binomen (and a trinomen, also) must be treated as if it were a Latin phrase, no matter which language the words were originally taken from. (This gives some justification to the popular usage of the phrase "Latin name" instead of the more correct phrase "scientific name".) Grammatically (using Latin grammar), the specific name must adhere to certain conventions. The specific name can be formed as:
Differences from botany.
In botanical nomenclature, "name" "always" refers to the "whole name" (of a species or otherwise), whereas in zoological nomenclature it can refer to either part of the binomen. Thus "Hedera helix" (common ivy, English ivy) is the name of the species; "Hedera" is the name of the genus; but "helix" is called the specific epithet, "not" the specific name.


Veleropilina capulus

Veleropilina capulus is a species of monoplacophoran, a superficially limpet-like marine mollusk. It is found in the South Pacific and off the coast of New Zealand.


Cliona celata

Cliona celata, occasionally called the boring sponge, is a species of demosponge belonging the family Clionaidae. It is found worldwide. This sponge creates round holes up to in diameter in limestone or the shells of molluscs, especially oysters. The sponge itself is often visible as a rather featureless yellow or orange lump at the bottom of the hole.
Habitat.
These sponges are common in southern New England and in Narragansett Bay. They also live in the Bahamas and the western Atlantic Ocean. They usually live in lagoons or on reefs. They will sometimes make their home on dead mollusks or other shelled creatures.
Reproduction.
This animal can reproduce asexually and sexually. They can simply separate by mitosis, as single cells do, or they can release sperm into the water in hopes of them finding a female's eggs. They may also attach their larvae onto mollusks like clams and mussels. This usually results in the death of the host. They then will begin to grow and colonize. .


Mesoderus

Mesoderus is an extinct genus of predaceous diving beetles in the family Dytiscidae. There are at least four described species in "Mesoderus".
Species.
These four species belong to the genus "Mesoderus":


Small Asian mongoose

Small Asian mongoose is a common name applied to two mammals which were formerly considered to be a single species:


Royal D. Suttkus

Royal Dallas Suttkus (May 11, 1920, Bellville, Ohio – December 28, 2009, Atlanta, Georgia) was an icthylogist and biology professor responsible for creating the Royal D. Suttkus Fish Collection, one of the largest of its kind. It houses approximately 7 million post-larval specimens of fishes. The collection is part of the Tulane University Biodiversity Research Institute and the Tulane University Museum of Natural History.
Biography of Royal D. Suttkus.
Early life and education.
Royal Dallas Suttkus was born in 1920 in Bellville, Ohio. His parents were John Albright Suttkus and Myna Louise Suttkus (née Schultz), and he was the third of their four children. Starting in childhood, he had the nickname "Sut". During his childhood, he acquired an interest in natural history through much involvement in outdoor activities in natural environments. In 1939, he enrolled at Michigan State University to study wildlife management. However, the military demands of World War II depleted the university of suitable faculty for a wildlife management major, and Suttkus switched to a zoology major. It was in this way that Suttkus was first introduced to ichthyology as a formal course of study.
Suttkus joined the ROTC while attending Michigan State University, training in field artillery. Beginning in early 1943, he became a member of the United States Army as a second lieutenant in the 686th Field Artillery Battalion. Suttkus served in the European Theatre of War, including the Battle of the Bulge. His military duty ended in June 1946, after having been promoted to captain.
After his military duty, Suttkus returned to higher education, as a graduate student at Cornell University under academic advisor Edward Raney. During this time, he began collecting biological specimens, especially fish, and made significant contributions to the Cornell Ichthylogy Collection. Also during this time Suttkus began collection of fish specimens from the Gulf South Region. His doctoral thesis at Cornell University was on the Pteronotropis species group.
Academic career.
Suttkus joined the zoology faculty at Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana USA, in the Fall of 1950. This faculty appointment preceded the completion of his doctoral work at Cornell University, which was complete in mid-1951. In his new faculty position, Suttkus assumed a variety of responsibilities in teaching and research. He continued to work on specimen collections throughout his academic career.
Beginning in 1963 and extending until 1968, Suttkus served as principle investigator for the Environmental Biology Training Program, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, to train students in field investigations. Also, early in his academic career, Suttkus began a variety of activities as a consultant, mostly on environmental and zoological surveys. The consultantships supplemented his university salary. In these activities, he continued to build the ichthyology collection. At times, his investigations and collaborations with other academic scientists took him into areas of zoology beyond fishes.
As he collected specimens, he identified 35 previously unknown fish species.
Suttkus established a collaboration with Tulane University paleontologist Harold E. Vokes. This collaboration aided in Suttkus's efforts in scientific naming and taxonomy as he built the ichthyology collection.
In 1975, Suttkus founded the Southeastern Fisheries Council, a non-profit scientific organization dedicated to the "study and conservation of freshwater and coastal fishes of the southeastern United States".
Suttkus officially retired from his professorship at Tulane University in 1990, although he continued academic pursuits with emeritus status. During his academic career, he authored 122 scientific publications and served as thesis advisor for 24 graduate students.
Personal life.
In mid-1947 Suttkus met Elizabeth Robinson while he was working a summer job with the New York Fish and Game Commission. They were married in December 1947 and had four children.
Suttkus retired fully in 2000, although he continued to donate fish specimens, field notes, and other materiel to the Royal D. Suttkus Fish Collection. His home in Ocean Springs, Mississippi, was heavily damaged in Hurricane Katrina. Following the devastation, what remained of his ichthylogy research materials in his home were donated to the Royal D. Suttkus Fish Collection. Suttkus died on December 28, 2009.
Royal D. Suttkus Fish Collection.
The Royal D. Suttkus Fish Collection is an ichthyology research collection of approximately 7 million post-larval specimens of fishes. It is part of the Tulane University Biodiversity Research Institute and the Tulane University Museum of Natural History. Royal D. Suttkus is the eponym for the collection.
In building the collection, Suttkus was rigorous in that he archived every specimen that he collected and he returned to the same site at regular time intervals for further collection. In this way, he minimized bias in the collection, which has rendered it useful for other researchers.
The collection is located at 3705 Main Street, Belle Chasse, Louisiana 70037 USA. It is housed in two buildings that once were used to store ammunitions for the United States Navy. The bunkers on the site that are used to house the collection are elevated for protection from floods and hurricanes.
History of the collection.
Tulane University had a natural history collection dating back to the 1880s, early in the history of the university. The collection existed as a museum, numbering approximately 170,000 specimens at its peak in the early 20th century. Following the end of the tenure of zoologist George Eugene Beyer as curator of the museum's collection, the collection fell into a period of neglect, eventually being disbanded in 1955.
In the first several years following World War II, Tulane University revitalized its efforts in natural history. In particular, the university hired as faculty members herpetologist Fred R. Cagle, botanist Joseph A. Ewan, invertebrate zoologist George H. Penn, and Royal D. Suttkus. From the beginning of his tenure as a faculty member at Tulane University, Suttkus concentrated on building an ichthyology collection that could be used for research purposes.
The Royal D. Suttkus Fish Collection began as the Tulane University Museum of Natural History. As Suttkus built the collection, by 1968 with approximately 2 million specimens, it outgrew its original location on the main campus of the university. At that time it relocated to the parcel of land that Tulane University acquired from the United States Navy, and it had been briefly used by the Central Intelligence Agency. This location became the F. Edward Hébert Riverside Research Laboratory.
In March 2017, the collection acquired 85,000 new specimens as the University of Louisiana at Monroe closed its own fish collection to re-purpose its facility. The collection also completed digitization of its holdings in order to facilitate research, in an effort funded by the National Science Foundation.
In 1989, as Tulane University was preparing for Suttkus's retirement, the university commissioned a group of suitable experts to evaluate the collection and to make a recommendation on its fate. The experts concluded that the university should maintain the collection and characterized the collection as "a treasure of great national and international importance". The collection is for research purposes and is not open to the general public.


Crella elegans

Crella elegans is a species of marine demosponges in the family Crellidae found in the Adriatic. It is the type species of its genus. It is the host of the ectoparasitic copepod "Cryptopontius capitalis".