Allium robinsonii

Allium robinsonii, the Columbia River onion or Robinson's onion, is a rare plant species native to the US States of Washington and Oregon, although some studies suggest that the Oregon populations may now be extinct. The species has been reported from 5 counties in Washington (Ferry, Yakima, Grant, Franklin and Benton) and 5 in Oregon (Umatilla, Morrow, Gilliam, Sherman and Wasco). It is found in sand and gravel deposits along the lower Columbia River and some of its tributaries, usually at elevations less than 200 m. The species is also cultivated as an ornamental in other regions, including in Europe.
"Allium robinsonii" produces 1-3 egg-shaped bulbs up to 2 cm long, but no underground rhizomes. Flowering stalks are relatively short for the genus, rarely more than 8 cm tall. Flowers are bell-shaped, up to 9 mm across; tepals white to pale pink with red midrib; anthers purple; pollen yellow or gray; ovary crested. The plant is named in honor of B.L. Robinson of the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University.


Minam National Forest

Minam National Forest was first established in Oregon on July 1, 1911 with from part of Wallowa National Forest. On June 20, 1920 it was transferred Whitman National Forest and the name was discontinued. Its lands exist now as part of Wallowa–Whitman National Forest


Chaenactis evermannii

Chaenactis evermannii is a North American species of flowering plants in the aster family known by the common name Evermann's pincushion. It is found only at high altitudes in the mountains in the central part of the US State of Idaho.
Description.
"Chaenactis evermannii" is a small perennial rarely more than 12 cm (5 inches) tall. Each branch produces 1-3 flower heads each containing disc florets but no ray florets.
The species is named for American ichthyologist Barton Warren Evermann (1853–1932).


Guzmania graminifolia

Guzmania graminifolia is a species of flowering plant in the Bromeliaceae family. It is native to Ecuador, Peru, Colombia and Panama.


Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge

The Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge is a wildlife preserve operated by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. It is primarily located on the Virginia half of Assateague Island with portions (only about 3%) located on the Maryland side of the island, as well as Morris Island and Wildcat Marsh. The refuge contains a large variety of wildlife animals and birds, including the Chincoteague Pony. The purpose of the refuge is to maintain, regulate and preserve animal and plant species as well as their habitats for present and future generations.
History.
Local legend has it that the ponies escaped from a shipwrecked Spanish galleon and swam to shore. However, historians believe that in the 17th century, settlers used the island for livestock to avoid fencing regulations and taxation. Even though no one is certain how the ponies got to the island, their descendants still live there today.
The island is also famous for shipwrecks, the most famous being the "Dispatch". President Harrison and Secretary of the Navy Benjamin Tracy planned to visit the naval proving grounds on the Potomac River in 1891. The yacht's lieutenant had mistaken the orange glow from the Assateague lighthouse for the offshore hue on the Winter Quarter Shoals lightship. This caused the yacht to be steered off course and onto the shoals. No one was reported injured and everyone made it safely to shore.
The Assateague Lighthouse was constructed in 1833 to warn ocean travelers of the dangerous shoals offshore. A more powerfully illuminated brick lighthouse was in the process of being built, but was postponed due to the Civil War. Work resumed after the war, and the lighthouse was finished in 1867. A new assistant keeper's house was constructed in 1910, and in 1929 the keeper staff was reduced. In 1933, the original keeper's house was removed, and an oil lamp was replaced with an electric lamp. In 2004, the U.S. Coast Guard gave up ownership to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The Coast Guard is still responsible for maintaining the light, while the Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge is responsible for the preservation of the lighthouse. In 2008, restoration of the lighthouse began. The Assateague Island lighthouse is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
When the construction of the lighthouse began, Assateague Village was established. In 1915, there were 25 to 30 families reported living there, not including the lighthouse keepers and their families. Around 1922, the village started to decline in population after Dr. Samuel B. Fields of Baltimore acquired most of the land on the Virginia side of the island. Dr. Fields had his land fenced off, refusing villagers to cross his land to get to Toms Cove.
Since Toms Cove was blocked, villagers began to leave the island. Their houses then were jacked up, placed on skids, and taken to the waterfront. There, they were placed on barges and relocated to Chincoteague Island. Bill Scott had operated the village's only general store and was the last one to leave the village. In 1943, the S.B. Fields family sold their property to the U.S. Government for use as a National Wildlife Refuge.
Activities.
Hunting.
The main objective of the Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge is to provide a safe habitat for all species. Hunting and harvesting the surplus of animals is one tool used to control the population of some species of big game and waterfowl. The Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge manages its hunt through a permit system. For specific hunting regulations, visit the Virginia Department of Game & Inland Fisheries.
Visitors Center.
The Herbert H. Bateman Educational and Administrative Center opened in October 2003. Visitors can go to the center to purchase passes, pick up maps, and ask questions of the staff. The visitor center was built with several sources of sustainable and renewable energy. Geothermal energy provides heating and cooling to the building, while solar panels on the roof also provide energy. The floors and ceiling are made from recycled materials such as tires, bamboo, and aspen wood. A variety of exhibits within the center give information to visitors on the history of the refuge, and plants and animals to be found there. The Herbert H. Bateman Educational and Administrative Center is open seven days a week between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. in the spring, fall, and winter, and between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. during the summer.
General regulations.
The following activities are permitted:
The following activities are prohibited:
Geography.
Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge is located on the southern end of Assateague Island, an oblong-shaped barrier island that runs along the east coast of Maryland down to the northeast coast of Virginia. Chincoteague Bay lies between Assateague Island and the Delmarva Peninsula, and the smaller Assateague Bay separates Assateague Island from Chincoteague Island. The wildlife refuge contains multiple environments which house thousands of organisms. Since the island's ecology is so varied, it is an integral site for the protection and restoration of multiple species of organisms. Since the island is a little closer to the Atlantic Ocean than the mainland, Assateague typically feels the full force of tropical storms before the mainland does. It serves as a barrier for the mainland by helping drain energy from the storm and preventing further absorption of moisture into the air.
Climate.
The average highs for the summer months, June through September, range between and . The average low is between and as opposed to the average high for the spring and fall seasons which is roughly with an average low of . Winter has an average high around with an average low of . Rainfall averages per month and typically peaks in the spring and fall seasons. On average the warmest month is July and the highest recorded temperature was in 1999. During the summer, humidity is a factor along with heat that may make being outside uncomfortable; especially since there is an abundance of moisture coming from the surrounding waters. January is on average the coldest month, the lowest recorded temperature was in 1982.
Ecology.
Chincoteague Refuge has several habitats ranging from the beach to the marshes.
Beach.
Beach plants such as the seabeach amaranth grow exposed to shifting sands, limited quantities of fresh water, salt water, and extreme wind and temperature. In some cases the entire community can be covered by tidal surges. The beach's primary function is to feed the hundreds of thousands of shorebirds that migrate to the area every year. The shorebirds on the beach often become the main source of food for peregrine falcons.
Freshwater areas.
There are freshwater wetlands on Assateague Island, although they are brackish instead of fresh, and are normally inhabited by plants with low salt water tolerance. Some of the refuge contains manmade freshwater areas called "moist soil management units or impoundments". Fourteen of these areas cover , provide submerging and emergent wetland vegetation as food for waterfowl and habitat for other water birds.
Shrubs.
This area extends north and south on the barrier flats and backdunes. The shrubs gradually merge in the east with dune grasses and in the west with marshes or forests. This is mostly inhabited by migrating and nesting songbirds, as well as migrating monarch butterflies.
Maritime forest.
The endangered Delmarva fox squirrel, white-tailed deer, sika deer, and raccoons are just a few of the animals that inhabit the forest. The forest occurs in large clusters on old dunes, west of the shrub areas and impoundments. These parts of the island have been the most stable over time.
Dunes.
These dunes serve as a primary line of defense against storm surges, protecting habitats of other wildlife from being lost to the salt water. The dunes function as nesting areas for the threatened piping plover and other shorebirds. The sand dunes are home to many organisms such as the ghost crab, red fox and raccoons. These areas typically appear barren, but this is only because many of the animals are hiding for fear of being preyed upon.
Salt marshes.
The regular flooding from the tide influences the distribution of salt marsh plants. These salt marshes can be found to the west of the barrier islands. They are home to black ducks, clapper rails, and other species.


Bidens heterosperma

Bidens heterosperma, the Rocky Mountain beggarticks, is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family. It is native to northwestern and north-central Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Sonora) and the southeastern United States (Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona).
"Bidens heterosperma" is an annual herb up to 60 cm (2 feet) tall. It usually produces flower heads one at a time, each containing both yellow disc florets and yellow ray florets. The species usually grows in wet seeps on mountain slopes.


Niagara Parks Police Service

The Niagara Parks Police Service provides policing services for the Niagara Parks Commission in Niagara Falls, Niagara-on-the-Lake and Fort Erie, Ontario, Canada. First established in 1887, the Niagara Parks Police Service is one of the oldest police services in Canada.
Overview.
Officers of Niagara Parks Police are designated Special Constables who have been conferred the full powers of a police officer and like all police officers in the Province of Ontario, receive their Basic Constable Training at the Ontario Police College in Aylmer. The service is primarily responsible for approximately 3274 acres of parkland along 56 kilometers of highway owned and operated under the Niagara Parks Commission; however, the Niagara Regional Police maintain jurisdictional authority over all areas of the Niagara Region, including the Niagara Parks.
The appointment authority for the Niagara Parks Police is given by the Niagara Regional Police Services Board and by the Ministry of Community Safety and Corrections of Ontario, and must be renewed every five years.
The Niagara Parks Police are fully funded from the budget of the Niagara Parks Commission, an agency of the Province of Ontario, and operate with an annual budget of approximately $3.6 million.
In addition to general uniformed patrol, the Niagara Parks Police employ three specialized units: The High Angle River Team (HART), which consists of officers specially trained in high angle rescue techniques and who have been responsible for the rescue of numerous tourists, stuntmen, and mentally disturbed individuals since its inception; the Marine Unit which, along with the Niagara Regional Police Service patrols both the upper and lower Niagara Rivers; and, as of 2011, the Niagara Parks Police have established their first Canine Unit consisting of one handler and his dog "Nia" trained in search and rescue and explosives detection. In summer 2013, K-9 Nia retired due to a chronic illness which prevented her from continuing as an active police dog. In September 2013 new police K-9 Cinder began his training as Nia's replacement.
The Niagara Parks Police are responsible for, but not limited to, the following:
During peak tourist season the Parks Police employ approximately thirty students, most of whom are participants in local law and security courses. These unarmed members hold the designation of Provincial Offenses Officer and are primarily responsible for the orderly flow of traffic and parking offenses.
In 2010, the Niagara Parks Police faced the possibility of disbandment as they were embroiled in a provincial challenge to the way special constables are viewed and concerns surrounding their use of firearms. However, after months of debate, an official agreement was reached to renew the Service's Special Constable Status, allowing it to continue operating without change.
Chiefs of Police.
There have been 15 Chiefs of Police since the formation of the Niagara Parks Police in 1887. The current Chief of the Niagara Parks Police Service is Paul Forcier http://www.iheartradio.ca/610cktb/news/new-chief-named-for-niagara-parks-police-1.9193277, who replaced the terminated Mark McMullen who was a Superintendent with the Niagara Regional Police Service. https://www.niagaraparks.com/media-room/releases/mark-mcmullen-named-niagara-parks-police-chief/
Uniform.
Sworn constables wear traditional police navy blue uniform shirts and cargo pants with red stripe while student Provincial Offences Officers wear a light blue uniform shirts. Jackets are dark navy blue and headgear consists of traditional police cap some times replaced with a ball cap, both bearing the Niagara Parks Police Crest. Yellow reflective vests are worn by traffic officers.
Equipment.
Although the Niagara Parks Police are Special Constables, the sworn full-time officers are among the few Special Constables in Canada authorized to carry firearms on top of other standard equipment such as handcuffs, telescopic baton, pepper spray, two way radios, similar to that of other police services across Canada. Seasonal Provincial Offences Officers are not trained or authorized to carry any form of use of force equipment and therefore carry only two way radios for communication.
Headquarters.
The Niagara Parks Police Headquarters is located at 6075 Niagara Parkway, Niagara Falls, Ontario, directly across from the American Falls in the former Administrative Building of the Niagara Parks Commission.


Goniothalamus velutinus

Goniothalamus velutinus is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Borneo. Herbert Airy Shaw, the English botanist who first formally described the species, named it after the dense velvety ( in Latin) hair on its branchlets and petioles.
Description.
It is a tree reaching 6 meters in height. Its smooth, dark grey to black, young branches are covered in dense, rust-colored, velvety hairs. Its cylindrical petioles are 1.3-2.2 by 0.5-0.8 centimeters and covered in dense, rust-colored, velvety hairs. Its papery to leathery, oblong to lance-shaped leaves are 24-60 by 6.5-12.5 centimeters with rounded apices that end in an abrupt, tapering tip and pointed bases. The leaves have margins that are curved toward underside with upper surfaces that are brown to green and covered in fine hairs, and lower surfaces that are green to brown and covered in dense, matted, woolly hairs. The leaf midribs are sunken, grooved and covered with hair on the upper surface; raised and covered in dense, matted, velvety to wooly hairs beneath. The leaves have 22-25 pairs of secondary veins emanating from their midribs. Its green flowers have 6 petals arranged in two rows of three. The flowers are born on pedicels that are 5-9 millimeters long. The pedicels have up to 4 bracts that are 2-4 millimeters long at their base. Its triangular to oval sepals are 7 by 4 millimeters with pointed tips. The sepals are fused over a short portion of their base. The oval to lance-shaped outer petals are 10–14 by 4–6 millimeters with pointed to tapering tips and rounded bases. A portion of the inner surface of the outer petals is covered in dense, matted, woolly hairs. The oval inner petals are 5–10 by 2–4 millimeters. The basal 4 millimeters of the inner petals are wedge-shaped, and their tips are tightly fused. The margins of the inner petals are curved back and covered in dense, woolly hairs. Its flowers have approximately 140 oblong to wedge-shaped stamen that are 2 millimeters long. The connective tissue between the lobes of the anther forms a hemispherical cap that is covered in dense, minute hairs. Its flowers have 12-16 oval to spindle-shaped carpels that are 2 millimeters long with negligible styles. The bases of the carpels are covered in long rust-colored hairs. Its stigmas are small and minutely bilobed.
Reproductive biology.
The pollen of "G. velutinus" is shed as permanent tetrads.
Habitat and distribution.
It has been observed growing in peat swamps and by streams in primary forests at elevations below 300 meters.
Uses.
Bioactive compounds extracted from its bark have been reported to have antioxidant activities using "in vitro" tests, anti-biofilm activity in tests with "Streptococcus mutans" and "Proteus mirabilis", and cytostatic activity in tests with cultured human cancer cells.


Minnie Island State Park

Minnie Island State Park is a public recreation area occupying a tiny island at the southern end of Gardner Lake that is split by the townline between Salem and Montville, Connecticut. It is accessible only via boat and offers opportunities for picnicking and fishing as well as general exploration in a largely deserted setting. The island is the state's smallest state park.
History.
In the 19th century, the island was owned by a popular music teacher, the founder of Salem's Music Vale Seminary, Oramel Whittlesey (1801-1876). Whittlesey named the island for a niece nicknamed Minnie. In the 1920s, an attempt by squatters to take possession led to the discovery that although the island was claimed by both Salem and Montville, it was not on the tax rolls of either town. In solving the dilemma, the state assembly rejected the squatters' proposed legislation, instead passing a law in 1925 that took possession of the island for the state and turned its management over to the state park's commission.
Features.
Writers working for the WPA in the 1930s described Minnie Island as "a pine-grown knoll rising from the lake's depths." It has a steep shoreline with gray outcropped ledges that offers few opportunities for docking. It rises approximately sixteen feet from the surface of Gardner Lake which lies at an elevation of . Its northern shore drops off into the deepest portion of Gardner Lake, some . The island is thickly forested with mountain laurel undergrowth amidst large red oaks. A clearing at the summit may be littered with the detritus of previous visitors. There are no facilities of any kind and no signage.


Ecklonia kurome

Ecklonia kurome ( (kurome), ) is a brown alga species in the genus "Ecklonia" found in the Sea of Japan.
The phlorotannins eckol, phlorofucofuroeckol A and 8,8'-bieckol can be found in "Ecklonia kurome".
An oligosaccharide extract from "Ecklonia kurome" called is approved in China for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, but the evidence is highly dubious.


Wolfiporia sulphurea

Wolfiporia sulphurea is a species of fungus in the family Polyporaceae. First described in 1917 as "Merulius sulphureus" by Edward Angus Burt, it was transferred to the genus "Wolfiporia" by James Herbert Ginns in 1984.


Paecilomyces variotii

Paecilomyces variotii is a common environmental mold that is widespread in composts, soils and food products. It is known from substrates including food, indoor air, wood, soil and carpet dust. "Paecilomyces variotii" is the asexual state of "Byssochlamys spectabilis", a member of the Phylum Ascomycota (Family Trichocomaceae). However, the "Byssochlamys" state is rarely observed in culture due to the heterothallic nature of this species (i.e., it requires culturing of positive and negative strains in co-culture to produce the teleomorph). "Paecilomyces variotii" is fast growing, producing powdery to suede-like colonies that are yellow-brown or sand-colored. It is distinguishable from microscopically similar microfungi, such as the biverticillate members of the genus "Penicillium" (affiliated with the genus "Talaromyces") by its broadly ellipsoidal to lemon-shaped conidia, loosely branched conidiophores and phialides with pointed tips. Ascospores of the sexual state, "B. spectabilis", are strongly heat-resistant. As such, the fungus is a common contaminant of heat-treated foods and juices. It is also known from decaying wood and creosote-treated wood utility poles. "Paecilomyces variotii" has been associated with a number of infective diseases of humans and animals. It is also an important indoor environmental contaminant.
Morphology.
The colonies are usually flat, powdery to suede-like and funiculose or tufted. The color is initially white, and becomes yellow, yellow-brown, or sand-colored as they mature. A sweet aromatic odor may be associated with older cultures. Colonies of "P. variotii" are fast growing and mature within 3 days. Colonies grown on Sabouraud's dextrose agar reach about 7–8 mm after one week. Colonies on CYA are flat, floccose in texture, produce brown or olive brown from conidia, and range in diameter from 30-79 mmn in one week. Colonies on malt extract agar reach 70 mm diameter or more, otherwise very similar in appearance to those on CYA. Colonies on G25N media reach 8–16 mm diameter, similar to on CYA but with predominantly white mycelium. Microscopically, the spore-bearing structures of "P. variotii" consist of a loosely branched, irregularly brush-like conidiophores with phialides at the tips. The phialides are swollen at the base, and gradually taper to a sharp point at the tip. Conidia are single-celled, hyaline, and are borne in chains with the youngest at the base. Chlamydospores (thick-walled vegetative resting structures) are occasionally produced singly or in short chains.
Genetics.
This fungus is heterothallic, and mating experiments have shown that "P. variotii" can form ascomata and ascospores in culture when compatible mating types are present. The teleomorph of "P. variotii", "Byssochlamys spectabilis", is rarely observed in cultures from environmental or clinical specimens, which tend to be colonized by a single mating type. The genome sequences of two isolates of "P. variotii" of opposite mating type have been generated.
Ecology.
This species is thermophilic, able to grow at high temperatures as high as 50–60 °C. It can withstand brief exposures of up to 15 min at 80–100 °C. Accordingly, it typically causes spoilage of food products following pasteurization or other heat-treatments (e.g., curry sauces, fruit juices). It also has been reported as a contaminant in salami and margarine. The fungus is known from a number of non-food items including compost, rubber, glue, urea-formaldehyde foam insulation and creosote-treated wooden poles. The combination of its ability to survive significant heat stress and its ability to break-down aromatic hydrocarbons has led to interest in "P. variotii" as a potential candidate organism to assist in bioremediation.
Health significance.
Although frequently encountered as a contaminant in clinical specimens, "P. variotii" is an uncommon causative agent of human and animal infections, but is considered to be an emerging agent of opportunistic disease, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. It has been suggested that the extremotolerant nature of the fungus contributes to its pathogenic potential. Pneumonia due to "P. variotii" has been reported, albeit rarely, in the medical literature. Most cases are known from diabetics or individuals subject to long-term corticosteroid treatment for other diseases. "P. variotii" has also been reported as a causative agent of sinusitis, endophthalmitis, wound infection following tissue transplant, cutaneous hyalohyphomycosis, onychomycosis, osteomyelitis, otitis media and dialysis-related peritonitis. It has also been reported from mastitis in a goat, and as an agent of mycotic infections of dogs and horses. Besides clinical samples, the fungus is a common contaminant of moisture-damaged materials in the indoor environment including carpet, plaster and wood. It is commonly found in indoor air samples and may contribute to indoor allergy. This species produces the mycotoxin viriditoxin, via the action of six enzymes encoded within a cluster of genes within the genome.


Cabobanthus polysphaerus

Cabobanthus polysphaerus is a plant in the family Asteraceae, native to tropical Africa.
Description.
"Cabobanthus polysphaerus" grows as a herb, measuring up to tall. The sessile leaves are oblong and measure up to long. The capitula feature about 5 purple flowers. The fruits are achenes.
Distribution and habitat.
"Cabobanthus polysphaerus" is native to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Angola and Zambia. Its habitat is in bushland to an altitude of .


Agaricus columellatus

Agaricus columellatus is a species of gasteroid fungus in the family Agaricaceae. The species was described by William Henry Long in 1941. The type collection was made in Arizona, where it was found growing singly on the ground in a grassy area in Mesquite-Catclaw flats. Originally described as the sole member of the monotypic genus "Araneosa", in 2016 molecular genetic studies revealed its affinity to the genus "Agaricus".


Furcraea andina

Furcraea andina is a species of plant in the family Asparagaceae that is native to South America. The fibres in its leaves, known as fique, are used in making ropes.


Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Complex

The Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Complex is part of the United States system of National Wildlife Refuges (NWR). It is located in northern California, in the valley of the Sacramento River.
The Sacramento NWR Complex was created in an attempt to resolve the conflict between the needs of migrating birds using the Pacific Flyway, and those of agriculture.
The Sacramento NWR Complex headquarters and visitor center is located in the 10,819-acre Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge off of 99W, and features a wildlife exhibit, bookstore, and Discovery Room. Visitors can enjoy a six-mile auto tour with 3 viewing areas and two walking trails.
History and components.
Before the arrival of European settlers in the 19th century, much of the Sacramento valley was taken up by seasonal wetlands and grasslands. By the beginning of the 20th century, much of this had been replaced by farmland, particularly for the growing of rice, and the rivers no longer create new wetlands because their flow is controlled by levees and irrigation schemes. Less than 10% of the original wetland area remains. Migrating birds have continued to use the area, and resting in the rice fields, consumed considerable quantities of the crop.
In 1937, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, with the aid of the Civilian Conservation Corps, began the process of creating a refuge within dry, alkaline lands between the towns of Willows and Maxwell. This was the original Sacramento NWR. From the 1940s onward, additional refuges were created, so that the Sacramento NWR Complex now includes the following refuges, located between north of the city of Sacramento:
The total area of the refuges is about s).
Ecology.
The water flows in the refuge have to be controlled artificially, and the vegetation has to be managed actively through irrigation and burning, to ensure that the wetlands remain productive, and provide adequate food and resting places for the birds. Between them, the refuges provide a range of habitats: seasonal marshes, uplands, permanent ponds, and riparian areas.
The refuges are provided with facilities for visitors, though these have to be limited to avoid conflict with their primary purpose of conservation. The layout of the wetlands has been planned to allow visitors a good view of the birds while minimising the risk of disturbance to them. There is a visitor center at the Sacramento NWR, and routes for car tours on the Sacramento and Colusa sites, though visitors are allowed to leave their cars only at selected sites. There are walking trails at both those sites and also at the Sacramento River site. Limited hunting is permitted on some of the sites.
Over 300 species of birds and mammals use the refuges, not all of them migratory. Among those most likely to be seen by visitors (depending on season) are:
The Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Complex boasts a diverse flora, even though large amounts of the historic wetland has been destroyed. Among the diverse wildflowers present is the yellow mariposa lily, "Calochortus luteus".


Cupressus sargentii

Cupressus sargentii is a species of conifer in the family Cupressaceae known by the common name Sargent's cypress. It is endemic to California, where it is known from Mendocino County southwards to Santa Barbara County. This taxon is limited to the Coast Range mountains. It grows in forests with other conifers, as well as chaparral and other local mountain habitat, usually in pure stands on serpentine soils. It generally grows 10 to 15 meters (33–50 feet) tall, but it is known to exceed 22 meters (73 feet). On Carson Ridge in Marin County, as well as Hood Mountain in Sonoma County, the species comprises a pygmy forest of trees which do not attain heights greater than 240–360 cm (8–12 feet) due to high mineral concentrations in the serpentine soil.
One notable population occurs in the Cedar Mountain Ridge area of Eastern Alameda County. According to Carl Wolf, who extensively studied the New World Cypress in the 1930s and 1940s, seed from the Cedar Mountain stand of "Cupressus sargentii" produced the most vigorous seedlings.
Like many of the New World Cupressaceae, Sargent Cypress usually reproduces with the aid of wildfire, which cause an opening of the cones and exposure of bare mineral soil for seedling germination, though occasionally seeds will fall and germinate without fire, though such seems to be the exception rather than the rule. It is often the case that many trees in a particular stand will all be the same age, so that a sort of stratification occurs of different colonies all of the same age. Sargent Cypress can begin producing cones as early as five or six years of age.


Pachylaelaps imitans

Pachylaelaps imitans is a species of mite in the family Pachylaelapidae.


Endothia radicalis

Endothia radicalis is a plant pathogen. It was discovered in 1916 by Stephen Bruner. He found it growing on eucalyptus, mango and avocado.


Tylophora benthamii

Tylophora benthamii, commonly known as coast tylophora, is a vine in the dogbane family. It was previously known as "T. floribunda".


Corunastylis laminata

Corunastylis laminata, commonly known as the red midge orchid, is a small terrestrial orchid endemic to New South Wales. It has a single thin leaf fused to the flowering stem and up to twenty bright reddish flowers. It grows in heath and grassy forest in a few places on the South Coast and Central Tablelands.
Description.
"Corunastylis laminata" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single thin leaf long and fused to the flowering stem with the free part long. Between five and twenty bright reddish flowers are arranged along a flowering stem long. The flowers lean downwards slightly and are long and wide. As with others in the genus, the flowers are inverted so that the labellum is above the column rather than below it. The dorsal sepal is about long and wide with hairless edges and darker coloured bands. The lateral sepals are long, about wide, turn downwards, with a humped base and a sharply pointed tip. There is sometimes a small gland on the tip of the lateral sepals. The petals are long, about wide with hairless edges. The labellum is oblong to egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, about long and wide and fleshy. There is a broad, tapering callus in the centre of the labellum and extending nearly to its tip. Flowering occurs from January to May.
Taxonomy and naming.
The red midge orchid was first formally described in 1885 by Robert D. FitzGerald who gave it the name "Prasophyllum laminatum" and published the description in "Journal of Botany, British and Foreign". In 2004, David Jones and Mark Clements changed the name to "Corunastylis laminata". The specific epithet ("laminata") is derived from the Latin word "lamina" meaning "a thin plate", "blade" or "sheet".
The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families lists "C. laminata" as a synonym of "Genoplesium rufum".
Distribution and habitat.
"Corunastylis laminata" grows in heathy or grassy forest between Jervis Bay and Bowral.


Eupatorium variabile

Eupatorium variabile is a plant species in the family Asteraceae.


Annona jamaicensis

Annona jamaicensis is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is endemic to Jamaica. Its pollen is shed as permanent tetrads.


Lactarius mairei

Lactarius mairei is a member of the large milk-cap genus "Lactarius" in the order Russulales. Originally found in Morocco, it was described as new to science in 1939 by Georges Jean Louis Malençon.


Old Kasaan National Monument


Acacia insolita

Acacia insolita is a shrub belonging to the genus "Acacia" and the subgenus "Phyllodineae" that is endemic to south western Australia.
Description.
The shrub typically grows to a height of and has glabrous or hairy stems and foliage. The stems have long stipules. The leaves have a bipinnate form and are usually persistent on mature plants. Each pinnae normally contain one pair with 2 to 12 pinnules. Each green pinnule has a lanceolate to narrowly oblong or elliptic shape and a length of and a width . The narrowly linear, flat or quadrangular phyllodes have a length of and a width of . It produces yellow-cream flowers from June to September. The simple inflorescences occur singly in the axils. The spherical flower-heads contain 12 to 19 cream to golden coloured flowers. After flowering linear to narrowly oblong seed pods form with a length of around and a width of . the glossy black to dark brown seeds within the pods are around in length.
Taxonomy.
There are three recognised subspecies:
Distribution.
It is native to an area in the South West region of Western Australia where it is found on hills and ridges growing in gravelly sandy soils often containing laterite. The plant along the Darling Range from around Marradong in the north to Nannup in the south.


Lilium bolanderi

Lilium bolanderi is a rare North American species of plants in the lily family, known by the common name Bolander's lily. It is native to northwestern California (Del Norte, Humboldt, & Siskiyou Counties) and southwestern Oregon (Curry + Josephine Counties).
"Lilium bolanderi" is a perennial herb growing a waxy, erect stem that approaches a meter in height. It originates from a scaly, elongated bulb up to about 7 centimeters long. The wavy oval leaves are located in several whorls about the stem, each waxy green and up to 7 centimeters in length. The inflorescence bears up to 9 large, nodding lily flowers. The flower is bell-shaped with 6 red tepals up to 5 centimeters long and marked with yellow, purple, or darker reds. It often hybridizes with other lilies, producing a variety of forms, colors and patterns. There are 6 stamens with anthers sometimes nearly a centimeter long and a pistil which may be 4 centimeters in length. The flowers are pollinated by Allen's and rufous hummingbirds, "Selasphorus sasin" and "rufus", respectively.
The lily was named after the California botanist Henry Nicholas Bolander.


Sarmiento Park

Sarmiento Park is the largest public park in Córdoba, Argentina.
Overview.
The development of a suburb south of the rapidly growing Córdoba of the late nineteenth century created the need for an extensive new green space for the area. The new neighborhood's chief developer, Miguel Crisol, commissioned a French urbanist for the task in 1889, Carlos Thays. Newly arrived, Thays planned the new park on a plateau overlooking the Cañada Brook to the west and the National University of Córdoba's colonial campus to the south. This would be the first of over a dozen ambitious urban design projects Thays would undertake across Argentina until his death in 1934.
Work began in 1890 on the 17 hectare (43 acre) park and, upon its opening in 1911, it was named "Parque Sarmiento" in honor of former President Domingo Sarmiento, the noted promoter of the national educational system born one hundred years earlier. The park and its rose garden quickly became the preferred surroundings for many in Córdoba high society and, in 1912, Dr. Juan Ferreyra bought adjacent land for his Beaux Arts mansion, completed in 1916.
Civic projects soon joined upscale residential ones. An initiative by German Argentine immigrant José Scherer led to the creation of a city zoo at the park in 1915. The city's arts patrons had the Provincial Museum of Fine Arts (later renamed for painter Emilio Caraffa) built facing the park the same year and, in 1918, the city opened a natatorium and an amphitheatre.
The surrounding neighborhood grew to over 25,000 by the year 2000, by which time Sarmiento Park suffered from the twin problems of overuse and budgetary constraints. The recent nationwide economic recovery, however, translated into a dramatic reversal of this trend for the park. The zoo was reopened in 2006 following extensive refurbishment, the Ferreyra palace was adapted for the creation of the Evita Fine Arts Museum in 2007 and the existing Caraffa Fine Arts Museum was given a new wing. The city also welcomed the new Museum of Natural Sciences at the park in 2007. In tune with the city's new humor, Mayor Daniel Giacomino reinaugurated the restored park natatorium with a belly flop in 2008.
Located within the park is the Bicentennial Lighthouse.


Narvik Energi

Narvik Energi is a power company that serves Narvik in Norway. It operates seven hydroelectric power stations and Nygårdsfjellet wind farm. The company is owned by the City of Narvik (50.01%), DONG Energy (33.33%) and HelgelandsKraft (16.66%). Total annual average production is 950 GWh.
Operations.
The company operates the power stations of Nygård, Håkvikelva, Sildvik, Sørfjord I, Sørfjord II, Sirkevann and Taraldsvik. The power grid is through the Narvik Energinett, that is owned 49% by HelgelandsKraft.
The company owns its windfarms through the 50% owned companies Nordkraft Vind (that operates Nygårdsfjellet), Vesterålskraft Vind and Lofotkraft Vind.
History.
On 21 December 1913 the Narvik Kommunale Elektrisitetsverk was established by the municipality. The same year the first power station, Høybakkfoss, was opened and street lighting was established in Narvik, while Silvannfos was built two years later. The company also established an electrical article store and installation division, but these were closed in 1995 and 1990, respectively. In 1922 Mølnfoss was opened, and in 1923 the Norwegian State Railways announced that Ofotbanen was to be electrified, and NKE built Nygårdsvassdraget to cover the need, opening in 1932. In 1949 Håkvikvassdraget was rebuilt with one new power station.
In 1995 the company, that had been a municipal agency, was transformed to a limited company with the municipality as sole owner. From 1998 to 2001 Narvik Energi increased its ownership in Nordkraft from 17% to 100%, but at the same time HelgelandsKraft and Vesterålskraft bought part of Narvik Energi. In 2002 the Danish state enterprise Energi E2 (now DONG) bought a third of the company, through buying out Vesterålskraft, part of HelgelandsKrafts ownership and through an issue. In 2003 the power grid was demerged into a Narvik Energinett and 49% sold to HelgelandsKraft. In 2005 the wind farm at Nygårdsfjellet was opened. In 2006 all the electrical production was concentrated in the wholly owned subsidiary Nordkraft.


Caloboletus panniformis

Caloboletus panniformis is a bolete fungus native to Honshu island in Japan, where it grows under conifers in subalpine regions. Until 2014, it was known as Boletus panniformis. Recent changes in the phylogenetic framework of the family Boletaceae prompted the transfer of this species, along with several other related boletes, including "Caloboletus calopus", to the genus "Caloboletus". It was first described scientifically in 2013 by Japanese botanist Haruki Takahashi and colleagues.


Nerine masoniorum

Nerine masoniorum is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae, native to the eastern Cape Province of South Africa. It is a bulbous perennial belonging to the group of nerines that have narrow evergreen foliage. The thread-like leaves reach a length of 25 cm or more. The flowering stem is 15–25 cm tall, with up to 11 flowers arranged in an umbel. Each flower has six narrow pink tepals with wavy edges. It flowers in late summer in cultivation, the first of the nerines to do so. It has received the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
The species was named by Louisa Bolus in 1930. The specific epithet "masoniorum" honours Marianne Harriet Mason and her brother Edward Mason, who collected in southern and tropical Africa. (The spelling "masonorum" is also found.)
"Nerine masoniorum" is regarded as "critically endangered" by the South African National Biodiversity Institute. It is known from only two locations, one of which was reported in 2007 to have been lost to development.


Erythronium californicum

Erythronium californicum, the California fawn lily, is a species of flowering plant in the family Liliaceae, endemic to moist woodland habitats in the mountains of Northern California.
Description.
It is an herbaceous hardy perennial growing from a pointed bulb 3 to 6 cm wide and producing two basal leaves which are sometimes spotted with brown. The reddish-green stalks grow up to tall and each bears one to three nodding, slightly scented flowers in spring. The flower has yellowish-white tepals 2 to 4 cm long, sometimes with red or brown banding or striping toward the bases. The stamens, anthers, and stigma are whitish in color.
The cultivars 'Brocklamont Inheritance' and 'White Beauty' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.


Stillingia tenella

Stillingia tenella is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It was originally described as "Sapium tenellum" in 1924. It is native to Bolivia and northwest Argentina.


Sororoditha hirsuta

Sororoditha hirsuta is a species of pseudoscorpion in the family Tridenchthoniidae.


Brickellia floribunda

Brickellia floribunda (Chihuahuan brickellbush) is a North American species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It is native to northern Mexico (Baja California Sur, Sonora and Chihuahua) and the south-western United States (Arizona and New Mexico).
"Brickellia floribunda" is a branching shrub up to 200 cm (80 inches) tall. The plant produces many small flower heads with white or pale yellow-green disc florets but no ray florets.


Tsavo West National Park

Tsavo West National Park is located in the Coast Province of Kenya. The park covers an area of 9,065 square kilometres. The A109 road Nairobi-Mombasa and a railway divides it from the adjoining Tsavo East National Park. Together with adjoining ranches and protected areas, they comprise the Tsavo Conservation Area. Tsavo West is a more popular destination on account of its magnificent scenery, Mzima Springs, rich and varied wildlife, good road system, rhino reserve, rock climbing potential and guided walks along the Tsavo River. The park is operated by Kenya Wildlife Service.
Archaeology and history.
Although a few Early Stone Age and Middle Stone Age archaeological sites are recorded from ground surface finds in Tsavo, there is much evidence for thriving Late Stone Age economy from 6,000 to 1,300 years ago. Research has shown that Late Stone Age archaeological sites are found close to the Galana River in high numbers. The inhabitants of these sites hunted wild animals, fished and kept domesticated animals. Because of the sparse availability of water away from the Galana River, human settlement in Tsavo focused on the riparian areas and in rockshelters as one moves west.
Swahili merchants traded with the inhabitants of Tsavo for ivory, catskins, and probably slaves as early as 700 AD (and probably earlier). There is no evidence for direct Swahili "colonization" of Tsavo. Instead, trade was probably accomplished by moving goods to and from the Swahili Coast via extended kin-networks. Trade goods such as cowry shells and beads have been recovered from archaeological sites dating to the early Swahili period.
19th-century British and German explorers document people we now refer to as Orma and Waata during their travels through the "nyika," and generally viewed them as hostile toward their interests. Beginning in the late 19th century, the British began to colonise the interior of Kenya and built the Uganda Railway through Tsavo in 1898. The construction of the railway was noted for the killings of a number of construction workers in 1898, during the building of a bridge across the Tsavo River. Hunting mainly at night, a pair of maneless male lions stalked and killed at least 28 Indian and African workers – although some accounts put the number of victims as high as 135. The lions, dubbed "the Maneaters of Tsavo," were eventually shot and killed by the bridge construction supervisor, Lt.-Col. John Henry Patterson. The skins and skulls are now displayed in the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago.
Tsavo remained the homeland for Orma and Maasai pastoralists and Waata hunter-gatherers until 1948, when it was gazetted a national park. At that time, the indigenous populations were relocated to Voi and Mtito Andei as well as other locations within the nearby Taita Hills. Following Kenyan independence in 1963, hunting was banned in the park and management of Tsavo was turned over to the authority that eventually became the Kenya Wildlife Service. Tsavo currently attracts photo-tourists from all over the world interested in experiencing the vastness of the wilderness and incredible terrain.
Rock climbing.
In 1978 Bill Woodley, then the warden of Tsavo West, invited the "Mountain Club of Kenya" (MCK) to explore the cliffs in the park. The setting for climbers is superb with elephant roaming the plains below the cliffs and eagles, vultures and falcons circling on thermals around the crags with Kilimanjaro frequently visible on a clear day. The rock-climbing is some of the best in Kenya, solid gneiss walls are often covered in holds and free of vegetation. Cracks and corners abound, but tend to be more vegetated. The most impressive piece of rock, the 300m high east face of Kichwa Tembo, attracted the first explorers and resulted in the ascent of Great Tsavo Chimney. Mastodon took three visits before it was completed. A more recent route, Ivory Tower on Elephant Rocks, ranks with the best and hardest bush climb in Kenya. Generally pegs need not be carried. Unless climbing in the shade, an early start is advisable as it often gets very hot on clear days.
The permit the MCK has to climb here, and to camp by the Tsavo River, is a special privilege and every effort must be made not to jeopardise this situation by careless actions. Other climbers should initially contact the MCK if wishing to climb here.
Details of climbs and access procedures: Rock Climbing Guide to Kichwa Tembo
Wildlife.
Tsavo West National Park has a variety of wildlife, such as eastern black rhinoceros, hippopotamus, Cape buffalo, elephant, leopard and lion. There are also other smaller animals that can be spotted in the park, such as the bushbaby, hartebeest, lesser kudu and Masai giraffe.


Campbell Falls State Park Reserve

Campbell Falls State Park Reserve is an undeveloped, public recreation area and nature preserve located in the town of Norfolk, Connecticut. The state park offers hiking, stream fishing, and views of the park's namesake waterfall which cascades nearly on the Whiting River just north of the Connecticut/Massachusetts state line. Legislation passed in 1923 and 1924 provided for the joint management of the park after the land was donated to the two states by the White Memorial Foundation. A stone monument within the park marks the border between the states.


Crowder State Park

Crowder State Park is a public recreation area of surrounding Crowder Lake near Trenton in Grundy County, Missouri, USA. The state park and lake are named after Maj. General Enoch H. Crowder, who was born and raised near the park.
Features.
The Crowder State Park Vehicle Bridge, a small single-arch span of reinforced concrete with a facing of cut stone built about 1939, is the only surviving structure erected in the park by the Civilian Conservation Corps. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
Activities and amenities.
The park offers picnicking, camping, fishing, swimming, canoeing, and trails for hiking, cycling and horseback riding.


Governor Wentworth Historic Site

Governor Wentworth Historic Site is a protected area in Wolfeboro, New Hampshire. The undeveloped property features a plaque and the stone remains of an extensive northern plantation built just before the outbreak of the American Revolution by New Hampshire's second Royal Governor, John Wentworth. The mansion burned to the ground in 1820. The site was acquired by the state in 1934, and was added to the New Hampshire State Register of Historic Places in 2007.


Populus wilsonii

Populus wilsonii (Wilson's poplar) is a species of deciduous poplar tree found in China's Gansu, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang and Yunnan provinces. The tree has elliptical leaves wider at the base than at the tip, and can grow to up to 25 metres in height with a diameter at breast height of 1.5 metres. Flowering occurs from April to May, and fruiting begins in May and lasts until June.


Fimbristylis macrantha

Fimbristylis macrantha is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae that is native to Australia.
The perennial grass-like or herb sedge typically grows to a height of and has a tufted habit. It blooms between January and March and produces brown flowers.
In Western Australia it is found on rocky hills and scree slopes in the Kimberley region where it grows in gravelly lateritic soils.


Berkeley Park (Portland, Oregon)

Berkeley Park is a public park in Portland, Oregon, United States. Acquired in 1941, the park has a playground, fields for multiple sports, and tennis courts, among other features.
Description.
Berkeley Park is a public park in southeast Portland's Eastmoreland neighborhood, with a main entrance at the intersection of Southeast Cesar Chavez Boulevard and Bybee Boulevard. The park has a playground, restroom facility, lighted tennis courts and fields for baseball, soccer, and softball, as well as paved paths, picnic tables, and an area designated for horseshoes. Berkeley Park is open daily from 5am to midnight. The park is part of the proposed Eastmoreland Historic District.
A pair of tennis courts dedicated as the Alex Rovello Memorial Courts in 2014 are located at the southeast corner of the park.
History.
The park was acquired in 1941.


Franconia Notch State Park

Franconia Notch State Park is a public recreation area and nature preserve that straddles of Interstate 93 as it passes through Franconia Notch, a mountain pass between the Kinsman Range and Franconia Range in the White Mountains of northern New Hampshire, United States. The northern part of the park, including Cannon Mountain and Echo and Profile lakes, is in the town of Franconia, and the southern part, including Lonesome Lake and the Flume, is in Lincoln. Attractions in the state park include the Flume Gorge and visitor center, the Old Man of the Mountain historical site, fishing in Echo Lake and Profile Lake, and miles of hiking, biking and ski trails.
The park is home to Cannon Mountain, a state-owned ski resort started in the 1930s. The mountain is named for a rock formation in the shape of a cannon found on the summit, but the "Old Man of the Mountain" formation was by far the more famous; it collapsed in May 2003. Cannon is also famous for being one of the most challenging hills in New England. It boasts an aerial tram, which runs year-round, ferrying sightseers to the summit in the summer time and skiers in the winter. At the base of the tramway is the New England Ski Museum, with exhibits on the history of alpine skiing in New England and America.
On the west side of the notch, halfway up the side of Cannon Mountain, is Lonesome Lake, an easy day hike up the Lonesome Lake Trail from the state park's Lafayette Place campground. The Lonesome Lake Hut, one of numerous well-kept huts throughout the White Mountains that are maintained by the Appalachian Mountain Club, is found at the southwest end of the lake, near its outlet. Huts offer meals and lodging (reservations are recommended).
Opposite Cannon Mountain, on the east side of the notch, are the Eagle Cliffs, so named for the eagles that sometimes roost there. The Greenleaf Trail, a hiking trail, winds around the south side of the cliff and up to Greenleaf Hut, another AMC hut. East of Greenleaf Hut and outside the state park is the summit of Mount Lafayette and the Franconia Ridge Trail (also the Appalachian Trail). The Appalachian Trail continues north to Mount Washington and eventually to Mount Katahdin in Maine.
Beneath a waterfall in the Pemigewasset River is a granite pothole about across known simply as "the Basin". It was scrubbed out by stones dragged (and eventually deposited) by the retreating North American ice sheet, and since made smooth by 15 millennia of rapidly whirling pebbles and grit. Below the Basin is "Old Man's Foot", a distinctively shaped rock formation, also the natural result of Pemigewasset's erosive energy.


Isocoma rusbyi

Isocoma rusbyi, the Rusby's goldenbush, is a North American species of plants in the sunflower family. It has been found in the States of Arizona, Utah, New Mexico, and Colorado in the southwestern United States. Some of the populations lie inside Grand Canyon and Petrified Forest National Parks, others in the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area.
"Isocoma rusbyi" is a shrub up to 90 cm (3 feet) tall. Each flower head contains about 19-25 disc flowers but no ray flowers.


Sinclair, Wyoming

Sinclair is a town in Carbon County, Wyoming, United States.
History.
The town was originally called Parco, after the Producers & Refiners Corporation (or PARCO) which founded the refinery and the company town. It was renamed Sinclair after PARCO was acquired during the Great Depression by Sinclair Consolidated Oil Corporation. The original refinery, located just east of town, remains in use to this day. Sinclair's population was 433 at the 2010 census.
The town was built as a planned community in 1924-25, designed by Denver architects Fisher & Fisher in a Spanish Colonial Revival style. The historic center of town was designated the Parco Historic District in 1987.
Just six miles east of Sinclair is the ghost town site of Benton, Wyoming at milepost 672.1 of the Union Pacific Railroad. As the terminal of the railroad at the time, Benton had a colorful three-month history which ended in September 1868 with a visit from Republican presidential candidate Ulysses S. Grant and the departure of the final overland wagon trains on the Mormon Trail headed for the Salt Lake Valley before completion of the railroad the following year.
Three miles east of the Benton site is Fort Fred Steele State Historic Site. The original Ft. Steele was named for American Civil War Union General Frederick Steele and established June 20, 1868 to protect the Union Pacific Railway as it rapidly expanded west. The fort was deactivated August 7, 1886, and most of the buildings at the fort were sold and moved to the settlement which had grown up around the fort and other locations. The small community continued until 1939 when the Lincoln Highway was paved and rerouted to coincide with what later became Interstate 80. In 1940, following the short-lived Supreme Court decision Minersville School District v. Gobitis, residents tarred and feathered the town's Jehovah's Witnesses. The Wyoming State Legislature preserved what remained in 1973 with creation of the state historical site.
Geography.
Sinclair is located at (41.780782, -107.116826).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land.
Demographics.
2010 census.
As of the census of 2010, there were 433 people, 170 households, and 123 families living in the town. The population density was . There were 198 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 94.2% White, 0.7% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 2.1% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.5% of the population.
There were 170 households, of which 32.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.7% were married couples living together, 3.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 27.6% were non-families. 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 2.95.
The median age in the town was 39.5 years. 24.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.6% were from 25 to 44; 29.9% were from 45 to 64; and 12.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 52.2% male and 47.8% female.
2000 census.
As of the census of 2000, there were 423 people, 168 households, and 115 families living in the town. The population density was 174.0 people per square mile (67.2/km2). There were 211 housing units at an average density of 86.8 per square mile (33.5/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 96.22% White, 0.47% African American, 1.42% Native American, 0.95% from other races, and 0.95% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.60% of the population.
There were 168 households, out of which 34.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.0% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.0% were non-families. 27.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.02.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.2% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 27.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.6 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $48,214, and the median income for a family was $54,688. Males had a median income of $36,875 versus $26,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $22,384. About 1.7% of families and 4.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.1% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.
Education.
Public education in the town of Sinclair is provided by Carbon County School District #1. Zoned campuses include Rawlins Elementary School (grades K-5), Rawlins Middle School (grades 6-8), and Rawlins High School (grades 9-12).
Sinclair has a public library, a branch of the Carbon County Library System.


Mahatha ornatipes


Oeceoclades sclerophylla

Oeceoclades sclerophylla is a terrestrial orchid species in the genus "Oeceoclades" that is native to Comoros and southeastern Madagascar. It was first described by the German botanist Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach in 1885 as "Eulophia sclerophylla". It was later transferred to the genus "Oeceoclades" in 1976 by Leslie Andrew Garay and Peter Taylor. "Oeceoclades sclerophylla" has long, linear leaves, a feature that is shared with "O. analavelensis" and "O. quadriloba", but it differs from these species in the proportions of the size of labellum lobes.


Russula crassotunicata

Russula crassotunicata is a North American fungus in the mushroom genus "Russula", described by Rolf Singer in 1938 from a collection made in Washington state, United States.
It has been confirmed as a host of the parasitic fungus "Dendrocollybia racemosa".


Geholaspis foroliviensis

Geholaspis foroliviensis is a species of mite in the family Macrochelidae.


Aspergillus quadrilineatus

Aspergillus quadrilineatus is a species of fungus in the genus "Aspergillus". It is from the "Nidulantes" section. The species was first described in 1939. It has been isolated from soil in New Jersey, Egypt, Spain, China, and Namibia. It has been reported to produce asperthecin, averufin, 7-methoxyaverufin, sterigmatocystin, versicolourin, desferritriacetylfusigen, echinocandin B & E, variacoxanthone B, emestrin, aurantioemestrin, dethiosecoemestrin, emindol DA, microperfuranone, penicillin G, quadrilineatin, and sterigmatocystin.
Growth and morphology.
"A. quadrilineatus" has been cultivated on both Czapek yeast extract agar (CYA) plates and Malt Extract Agar Oxoid® (MEAOX) plates. The growth morphology of the colonies can be seen in the pictures below.


Iris tingitana

Iris tingitana (also commonly known as the "Morocco iris", or "Tangerian Iris", or "Tangiers Iris") is a species in the genus "Iris" in the subgenus of "Xiphium".
Description.
The (diameter) bulb is red-brown in colour with veining.
The largest bulbs of the "Iris subg. Xiphium" subgenus are "Iris tingitana". In the US, bulbs with an 11 cm circumference are recommended to be used by flower producers.
It has flowers in various shades of blue. It has pale blue veins on the flowers and has generally between 1 and 2 flowers to a stem. The stems is hidden by two channelled leaves.
It blooms between February and May. The plant can grow to a maximum height of 60 cm (24 in) and its leaves appear in the autumn. They can grow up to 1 1/2 ft high.
Biochemistry.
'Iriskumaonin' (C18H24O7 is found within the bulbs of "Iris tingitana", as well as "Iris germanica" and "Iris kemaonensis".
Taxonomy.
The name is derived from 'tingitana' from the Greek word meaning 'from Tangiers'. It is pronounced 'ting-ee-TAN-uh'
It is often mistakenly called 'Spanish Iris'. The Spanish Iris is Iris xiphium.
It was first published and described by Pierre Edmond Boissier and George François Reuter in 'Pugillus Plantarum Novarum Africae Borealis Hispaniaeque Australis' (Pugill. Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan.) Vol. 113 in January 1852.
It was then illustrated in Curtis's Botanical Magazine, Tab. 6775 on 1 September 1884.
It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003, then updated on 14 April 2009.
"Iris tingitana" is listed in the RHS Plant Finder.
Distribution and habitat.
It is native to Africa.
Range.
It is found in Morocco and Algeria.
It is also found in North Africa, Spain and Portugal.
Conservation.
In 2014, it was becoming rare in Morocco.
Cultivation.
It is very susceptible to iris mosaic virus.
It can be propagated by bulblets, 1 to 4 small bulbs growing beside the main bulb which can then be taken off and planted to grow on to form a new bulb.
It has a reputation of being a difficult species to grow in the UK. Even in the US, it is restricted to be grown in mild climates such as southern California. Due to the limited hardiness of the species, it is better grown in a bulb frame or grown in a dry border then lifted and stored like dahlias.
It can be grown in pots for inside or outside displays.
Cultivars.
Known cultivars include; "Iris tingitana" 'Paris' (large dark blue violet flowers)


Mabley Green

Mabley Green is a sizeable piece of common land in Hackney Wick in the east of the London Borough of Hackney measuring 35.5 acres (144,000 m2). Originally it was part of a continuous land mass on both sides of the Lee Navigation that formed the Hackney Marshes. in 1915 a piece of the Marshes was taken to create the National Projectile Factory and after World War I, in 1922, this site was used to create the Mabley Green recreation ground.
It has an all-weather football pitch, an outdoor gym and basketball hoops.
The large and distinctive rock in the centre of the park was placed there in 2008 as part of an art project. It is designed as a rock climbing or bouldering challenge, having several routes of varying difficulty. It can also be viewed as a piece of sculpture. The stone weighs around 60 tonnes and was quarried in Cornwall.
To ensure adequate provision of football pitches while the East Marsh was being used for Olympic coach parking, the majority of Mabley Green was taken up with football pitches. Most of these are due to be removed from Mabley Green once the East Marsh pitches are restored during 2014.
The User Group constitution expresses the ambition to be the UK's first edible park with fruit and nut trees and bushes available for all to enjoy. As part of a consultation process with the council, these plans are currently being considered along with plans to add another all-weather pitch.


Palaquium sericeum

Palaquium sericeum is a tree in the family Sapotaceae. The specific epithet "sericeum" means "silky", referring to the indumentum.
Description.
"Palaquium sericeum" grows up to tall. The bark is reddish brown. Inflorescences bear up to 20 flowers. The fruits are round or ellipsoid, up to long.
Distribution and habitat.
"Palaquium sericeum" is endemic to Borneo. Its habitat is forests, primarily mixed dipterocarp forest.


Scirpus longii

Scirpus longii is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family known by the common name Long's bulrush. It is native to eastern North America, where it is limited to the Atlantic coastal plain.
This perennial plant grows from a large rhizome and forms clumps of stems up to 1.5 meters tall. It flowers rarely, any time between May and August. The inflorescence is an open cyme of spikelets up to about a centimeter long.
This species grows in wetlands such as river banks and bogs.
Conservation status in the United States.
It is listed a special concern and believed extirpated in Connecticut, as threatened in Maine and Massachusetts, and as endangered in New Jersey and Rhode Island.


Eucalyptus striaticalyx

Eucalyptus striaticalyx, commonly known as Cue York gum or kopi gum, is a species of tree or mallee that is endemic to Western Australia. It has thick, rough, fibrous bark on the trunk and larger branches, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and thirteen, creamy white flowers and conical to cup-shaped fruit.
Description.
"Eucalyptus striaticalyx" is a tree or a mallee that typically grows to a height of . It has persistent thick, rough fibrous, dark greyish bark over most of the trunk, smooth and creamy brown to pinkish bark above. Young plants have bluish green, egg-shaped to broadly lance-shaped leaves that are long and wide. Adult leaves are the same shade of dull grey-green to blue-green on both sides, lance-shaped, long and wide, the base tapering to a petiole long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of between seven and thirteen on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on pedicels long. Mature buds are oval, long and wide with a beaked operculum about the same length as the floral cup. Flowering occurs in most months and the flowers are creamy white.
Taxonomy.
"Eucalyptus striaticalyx" was first formally described in 1904 by the botanist William Vincent Fitzgerald in the "Journal of the West Australian Natural History Society". The specific epithet is taken from the Latin words "striatus" meaning "striated" and "calyx", in reference to the operculum.
In 1997, Dean Nicolle described two subspecies of "E. striaticalyx" and the names have been accepted by the Australian Plant Census:
The tree belongs in subgenus "Symphyomyrtus" section "Dumaria" to a large sub-group, series "Rufispermae", composed of 37 described species and subspecies including "E. kondininensis", "E. gypsophila" and "E. repullulans".
Distribution.
Cue York gum is found on dunes near salt lakes, low hills and drainage lines and has a scattered distribution throughout the northern Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia from near Meekatharra to near Kalgoorlie, where it grows in powdery loam soils. Subspecies "delicata" has a more restricted distribution around Lake Annean and Lake Austin.
Conservation status.
This eucalypt is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.


Aspergillus violaceofuscus

Aspergillus violaceofuscus is a species of fungus in the genus "Aspergillus". It belongs to the group of black Aspergilli which are important industrial workhorses. "A. violaceofuscus" belongs to the "Nigri" section. The species was first described in 1887. It has been found both in marine environments in Bahamas and in soil in Puerto Rico. The genome of "A. violaceofuscus" was sequenced and published in 2014 as part of the "Aspergillus" whole-genome sequencing project – a project dedicated to performing whole-genome sequencing of all members of the genus "Aspergillus". The genome assembly size was 36.01 Mbp.
Growth and morphology.
"A. violaceofuscus" has been cultivated on both Czapek yeast extract agar (CYA) plates and Malt Extract Agar Oxoid® (MEAOX) plates. The growth morphology of the colonies can be seen in the pictures below.


Eucalyptus lesouefii

Eucalyptus lesouefii, commonly known as goldfields blackbutt, is a species of mallet or tree that is endemic to central Western Australia. It has rough, black bark on the lower trunk, smooth bark above, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and cup-shaped fruit.
Description.
"Eucalyptus lesouefii" is a mallet or tree that grows to a height of but does not form a lignotuber. It has rough, flaky or crumbly black bark for up to at the base, smooth brownish, grey or coppery bark above. The trunk is low in height, often thick, dividing to upward spreading branches that become slender and slightly spreading in habit. Young plants and coppice regrowth have stems that are more or less square in cross-section and initially glaucous, egg-shaped leaves long and wide with a petiole. Adult leaves are the same dark green colour on both sides, lance-shaped or curved, long and wide on a petiole long.
The flower buds are arranged in groups of seven in leaf axils on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on pedicels long. Mature buds are pear-shaped to diamond-shaped, long and wide, with a beaked or slightly pointed operculum long. Flowering occurs in August, or from October to December or from January to February and the flowers are creamy white to yellow. The fruit is a woody cup-shaped to bell-shaped capsule, long and wide with the valves more or less at rim level and between ten and twelve deep contours along their length.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Eucalyptus lesouefii" was first formally described in 1912 by Joseph Maiden from a specimen he collected near Kalgoorlie. The description was published in his book in his "A Critical Revision of the Genus Eucalyptus". The specific epithet honours Albert Sherbourne Le Souef for his assistance to Maiden.
Distribution and habitat.
The goldfields blackbutt is found on flats and slopes, in alluvial areas and elsewhere, in the Coolgardie, Great Victoria Desert and Murchison biogeographic regions centred around Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. "Eucalyptus lesouefii" is generally found on sandy loam, and occasionally with clays or gravel soils.
Uses.
The timber, useful as firewood, is light brown and has a high density. Trees are vulnerable to white ant infestation, which occupy individuals of all ages in its native habitat and reduce its utility. A record of it commonly occurring at Widgiemooltha was noted in the 1920s.


Horicon Marsh

Horicon Marsh is a marsh located in northern Dodge and southern Fond du Lac counties of Wisconsin. It is the site of both a national and a state wildlife refuge. The silted-up glacial lake is the largest freshwater cattail marsh in the United States.
Geological history.
Horicon Marsh was created by the Green Bay lobe of the Wisconsin glaciation during the Pleistocene era. The glacier, during its advance created many drumlins (a glacial landform) in the region, many of which have become the islands of Horicon Marsh. The marsh and surrounding Dodge County have the highest concentration of drumlins in the world.
During the glacier's retreat, a moraine was created, forming a natural dam holding back the waters from the melting glacier and forming Glacial Lake Horicon. The Rock River slowly eroded the moraine, and the lake drained. As the levels of silt, clay and peat accumulated in the former lake's basin, the Horicon Marsh was formed.
The Horicon Marsh State Wildlife Area is one of nine units of the Ice Age National Scientific Reserve system, being considered to contain unique, representative evidence of the Ice Age of the Pleistocene era.
Inhabited history.
The Horicon Marsh area has been inhabited by humans, including the Paleo-Indians, the Hopewellian people and the Mound Builders, since the ending of the last Ice Age. Dozens of 1200-year-old effigy mounds were built by the Mound Builders in the surrounding low ridges. Arrowheads have been found dating to 12,000 years ago. Later the region was inhabited by the Potawotomi, primarily to the east of the marsh, and the Ho-Chunk to the west. Seven well-traveled Native American foot trails met at the southern end of the marsh at the present location of Horicon.
When Europeans first arrived in the area, they named the marsh "The Great Marsh of the Winnebagos". The first permanent modern settlement along the marsh was the town of Horicon. In 1846, a dam was built to power the town's first sawmill. The dam held the water in the marsh, causing the water level to rise by nine feet. The "marsh" was called Lake Horicon, and was, at the time, called the largest man-made lake in the world.
In 1869, the dam was torn down by order of the State Supreme Court, which ruled in favor of landowners whose land had been flooded. The area became a marsh once more. In 1883, two sportsmen's clubs reported huge flocks of geese in the marsh, and stated that 500,000 ducks hatched annually, and 30,000 muskrats and mink were trapped in the southern half of the marsh. Both birds and hunters flocked to the area, and the local duck population was devastated. From 1910 to 1914, an attempt was made to drain the marsh and convert it into farmland; these attempts failed, and afterwards the land was widely considered to be useless. In November 1933, an accidentally caused wildfire would destroy much of Horicon Marsh; necessitating a restoration project. It was re-opened to the public in April 1935.
Horicon National Wildlife Refuge.
In 1927, the Wisconsin State Legislature, after pressure from conservationists beginning in 1921, passed the Horicon Marsh Wildlife Refuge Bill, providing for the construction of a dam to raise the water to normal levels and for the acquisition of the land by the government. During the 1940s, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service bought the northern portions of the marsh. Today the northern two-thirds, approximately , forms the Horicon National Wildlife Refuge. It is managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Presently, the marsh is in area, most of it open water and cattail marsh. The southern third, approximately , is owned by the state of Wisconsin and forms the Horicon Marsh State Wildlife Area, which was established as a nesting area for waterfowl and resting area for migratory birds. It is managed by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR). Millions of waterfowl, including over 200,000 Canada geese, migrate through the marsh.
The refuges are habitats for many species of birds, especially ducks, pelicans, great blue herons, and Canada geese (which have become increasingly common since the 1980s), as well as fish, frogs, snakes, turtles, muskrats, insects and plants.
Horicon Marsh was designated a Ramsar site on December 4, 1990.
Miscellaneous.
In 1976, the brass band of Walden III Middle and High School in Racine, Wisconsin was named the Horicon Horns Band after school co-founder and co-Director Jackson Parker compared the new band's sound to the honking of geese at Horicon Marsh. The band would improve greatly over the years, and went on to become a staple of musical entertainment in Racine, even performing at the state capital for Kimberly Plache and at Disneyworld.


Hayes State Park

Walter J. Hayes State Park is a public recreation area covering on the southeast corner of Wamplers Lake in the Irish Hills region of the state of Michigan. Most of the state park lies within Lenawee County with a small portion extending into Jackson and Washtenaw counties in the Round Lake area. The park offers access to Wamplers Lake and completely surrounds Round Lake, which connects to Wamplers Lake via a channel navigable by smaller boats. Other scenic lakes including Evans Lake and Sand Lake as well as chains of smaller lakes lie nearby. The park is traversed by Michigan Route 124 north of its intersection with US Highway 12.
History.
Dedicated in 1920, the park was among the first 25 established by the Michigan State Parks Commission, which referred to it as both Cedar Hills State Park and Adrian State Park. It originally comprised a 99-acre purchase by the state plus two donations of land which brought the park's size to some 200 acres. It was renamed in 1930 after the family of Michigan State Senator Walter J. Hayes made a donation of land with the stipulation that the name change take place. The Civilian Conservation Corps made improvements to the park during the 1930s. Michigan CCC camp SP1 was active in Hayes State Park from 1933 to 1935.
Facilities and activities.
The park offers fishing for bass, bluegill and pike, swimming, hiking, picnicking, boat launch, boat rentals, campgrounds, and mini-cabins.


East Cove National Wildlife Refuge

East Cove National Wildlife Refuge is located south of Lake Charles, Louisiana along the southeast shore of Calcasieu Lake in Cameron Parish. It is accessible only by boat.
It is managed by the Cameron Prairie National Wildlife Refuge office as part of the Southwest Louisiana National Wildlife Refuge Complex.
Wildlife and habitat.
The habitat is an estuarine marsh in the heart of the Cameron Creole Watershed.
Nineteen miles of lake shore levee and five water control structures are used to control water and salinity levels in this wetland.
Abundant fishery resources such as fish, shrimp, and crabs as well as migratory birds and alligators are found in the area.


Garner State Park

Garner State Park is a state park in the community of Concan, Texas located in Uvalde County, Texas in the United States. Garner State Park, in the Texas Hill Country, is the most popular state park in Texas for overnight camping. It often fills by noon in peak parts of the season. The park is popular with campers and local residents for its activities on the Frio River and the dances held nightly during the spring and summer.
History.
In the beginning of the 1930s, the park was originally made to save a piece of the hill country for the public and to give men, suffering from the depression, work. The land for Garner State Park was acquired in 1934 through 1936. In 1934, the Texas State Parks Board approved the location for a future state park, and the Texas Legislature provided funding for state parks. The Civilian Conservation Corps made the park’s original improvements, which included a large pavilion and a concessions building. The property was conveyed to the State Parks Board in 1936, and it opened as Garner State Park in 1941. The park was named for John Nance Garner, former Vice-President of the United States who lived and practiced law in the Concan area. The park's size more than doubled when were added in 1976.
Nature.
Geology.
The area came about millions of years ago in the Cretaceous age when the Edwards Plateau was formed when a section of land was lifted 2000 feet along a curving fault. It is now located on the southwestern edge of the plateau in the sub-region Balcones Canyonlands. Today, high mesas, limestone cliffs, deep canyons, and clear blue streams fill the terrain.
Flora.
The area has rich vegetation due to the canyons angles from southeast to southwest as well as prevailing winds which cool and moisten the area.
Bald cypress.
The bald cypress trees line the Frio River and can grow to 120 feet and live up to 600 years. They get their name from how long their leaves are gone, since they drop in the fall and don’t bloom until late spring. The bald cypress help the Frio River by slowing down floodwater and trapping sediments and pollutants. They also provide great nesting places, food, and shelter for the wildlife at the park.
"Arbutus xalapensis".
The "Arbutus xalapensis", also known as the Texas madrone, is a rare tree that only grows about 20 to 30 feet. The trunk has red, inner bark and peels in thin sheets of orange and brown. White bell shaped flowers bloom in spring, and produce red and orange berries.
Fauna.
There is plenty of wildlife in the park such as deer, squirrels, raccoons, turkeys, skunks (lovingly called security by the staff), and other animals. Two endangered species of bird nest in this park.
Golden-cheeked warbler.
The golden-cheeked warbler are birds that only nest in the mixed Ashe juniper and oak woodlands of Central Texas from March to July. They feed on insects and spiders from trees and use spider webs to help build their nest and are endangered because of their loss of nesting habitat.
Black-capped vireo.
The black-capped vireo are extremely small birds that also nest in Texas in the spring but from April to July. They make their nests in low shrubs but are endangered because of the destruction of their habitats by grazing, clearing and fire suppression.
Housing and facilities.
Campsites.
Visitors require a reservation made in advance due to the popularity of the park. Visitors may choose between a tent/RV site, a screened in shelter, or a cabin. Inside cabins, some have fireplaces, all have kitchen facilities and indoor plumbing. If a campsite or screened shelter is chosen, there are public restrooms and showers that are available to all park guests to maintain hygiene.
Garner Grill.
During the day, the famous Garner Grill is open next to the big pavilion. Even though it does take a while to get food, it’s always cooked fresh. There is even a new souvenir cup style every season that can be collected. Please be advised, the Grill is open everyday during the summer but is closed during the off-season, typically October through February.
Gift shop.
The gift shop is also open to buy souvenirs like jewelry, boots, toys and other neat items. Even customized apparel with the park's name on it is available. When the gift shop is closed however, there is an online gift shop that is updated regularly to buy from as well.
Recreation.
Many activities at the park include hiking, nature study, picnicking, canoeing, fishing, paddle boat and kayak rentals (spring and summer), bicycle riding, and miniature golf.
Day Use Visitors.
Garner State Park is the most sought after park in the Texas State Parks system. Due to such high demand, a Day Use reservation is highly recommended during the off-season months of October to February. During the high demand on-season months of March to September, Day Use reservations are required before coming out to the park in order to guarantee your entry.
Ranger programs.
In order to get more involved in learning more about the park, there are ranger programs to sign up for. In ranger programs, park rangers teach students about the nature, history, and traditions of the park and let campers participate in geology programs and can be led on nature hikes.
Volunteer opportunities.
Volunteers can help by keeping the park clean by maintaining trails, renewing habitats, becoming a park host or leading educational programs.


Admiral William Standley State Recreation Area

Admiral William Standley State Recreation Area is a state recreation area of California, United States, featuring of redwoods on the Eel River. It is located west of Laytonville, California, in Mendocino County. The park is a popular spot for salmon and steelhead fishing and also attracts hikers and picnickers.
The park is named for Admiral William Standley, who commanded the battleship "California" from 1926 to 1927 and later the United States battle fleet at San Pedro, Los Angeles, until appointed Chief of Naval Operations by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933. After retiring in 1937, Standley was recalled to active duty in 1941 and served as United States ambassador to the Soviet Union from 1942 to 1943.


Melaleuca tuberculata

Melaleuca tuberculata is a small, variable shrub in the myrtle family Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. There are three distinct varieties of this species, each with a different leaf size and shape, different distributions and somewhat different habitat preferences.
Description.
"Melaleuca tuberculata" grows to a height of . Its leaves are arranged alternately, long, wide and are linear to narrow oval in shape.
The flowers are arranged in heads up to in diameter, at or near the ends of the branches, with one to seven groups of flowers, each with three individual flowers. There are hairy brown bracts at the base of the flowers and the flower buds are covered with white, woolly hairs. The flowers appear from August to December, varying slightly with each variety, and are pale to mid-pink or mauve. The stamens are arranged in bundles of five around the flower, with six to ten stamens in each bundle, the bright yellow anthers contrasting with the mauve filaments. The cup-shaped base of the flower (the hypanthium) is hairy and long. The woody capsules are long and wide.
The three varieties can be distinguished on the basis of the sizes of their leaves:
Taxonomy and naming.
"Melaleuca tuberculata" was first formally described in 1844 by Johannes Conrad Schauer in "Plantae Preissianae". The specific epithet ("tuberculata") is derived from the Latin word meaning "full of lumps" "in reference to the prominent oil glands on the leaves".
Distribution and habitat.
"Melaleuca tuberculata" occurs in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest and Mallee biogeographic regions. It grows in a variety of soils over ironstone or laterite, on undulating plains and high areas.
The distribution of the varieties is as follows:
Conservation.
This species is classified as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife.


Clavulinopsis sulcata

Clavulinopsis sulcata is a clavarioid fungus in the family Clavariaceae and is the type species of the genus "Clavulinopsis". It forms very long, slender, cylindrical pinkish or orange fruiting bodies that grow on the ground among plant litter.
Taxonomy.
That fungus was originally described by the English cryptogamist Miles Joseph Berkeley in 1843 as "Clavaria miniata", from collections made in Uitenhage, South Africa. Dutch mycologist Casper van Overeem gave it the name by which it is now known in 1923, when he made it the type species of the newly circumscribed genus "Clavulinopsis". It forms part of a species complex.
Description.
The fruit body of "Clavulinopsis sulcata" is cylindrical or somewhat club-shaped, up to borne on a cylindrical stipe up to long. Several fruit bodies may grow close together, or they may grow singly, or in groups of two or three. At first they are tapering, but become irregularly fleshy or inflated later, and ridged or wrinkled and somewhat waxy as they age. The flesh is pink or orange-pink; the stipe is a similar colour but is pale pinkish-salmon at the base. The flesh is odourless and tastes mildly of carrots, with a slightly bitter aftertaste. The spores are borne on the sides of the clubs and have thin walls; they measure 5.8–7.2 by 5.8–6.8 µm, and are globose and opalescent.
Distribution and habitat.
"Clavulinopsis sulcata" has a widespread distribution. It was first described (as "Clavaria miniata") from South Africa, and is also present in North America, and Asia. In Australasia, it is found in eastern Australia and New Zealand, where its range includes the states of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania, as well as both islands of New Zealand. It is a fairly common fungus, and its conservation status has been assessed as being of least concern. It grows on the ground among leaf litter. In Tasmania it is found in mixed "Nothofagus" and "Leptospermum" woodland.


Necedah National Wildlife Refuge

Necedah National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge located in northern Juneau County, Wisconsin near the village of Necedah. It was established in 1939 and is famous as the northern nesting site for reintroduction of an eastern United States population of the endangered whooping crane.
Geography and public access.
Necedah National Wildlife Refuge is located within the Great Central Wisconsin Swamp, the largest wetland bog in the state. It includes extensive forest habitat (pine, oak, aspen) and large tracts of rare oak barrens habitat.
The refuge has a 13-person staff and receives 150,000 visitors annually. It allows for hunting and fishing, in addition to blueberry, blackberry, and raspberry picking. Refuge operations are largely funded through timber sales.
Fauna.
In 2001, the Whooping Crane Eastern Partnership raised whooping crane ("Grus americana") chicks in the refuge before guiding them to Florida's Chassahowitzka National Wildlife Refuge, utilizing ultra-light aircraft to teach the birds the migratory pathway. That population has been successful and by 2010 there were up to 105 migrating birds established in the eastern United States for the first time in over 100 years.
Other threatened or rare species at the site include the Karner blue butterfly, massasauga rattlesnake, Blanding's turtle, and wolf packs. In most years the refuge is also an important stopover for migratory waterfowl on the Mississippi Flyway.


Sebastiania pusilla

Sebastiania pusilla is a species of flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It was described in 1945. It is native to Uruguay.


Caladenia dorrienii

Caladenia dorrienii, commonly known as the Cossack spider orchid is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single hairy leaf and one, two or sometimes three small creamy-white flowers, usually with the lateral sepals and petals curving around the ovary and crossing each other. It is a rare orchid, only found in the extreme south-east of the state.
Description.
"Caladenia dorrienii" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and which grows in clumps. It has a single, erect, narrow linear, hairy leaf, long and wide. One, two or sometimes three white to creamy-white flowers are borne on a stalk tall. The flowers are long and wide. The sepals and petals are relatively short, greenish-white with red lines and dark glandular tips. The dorsal sepal is erect and the lateral sepals and petals usually curve downwards and cross each other. The labellum is pale white, relatively broad and has smooth to slightly toothed edges. Along its centre line there are two rows of white or pale red-tipped calli. Flowering occurs from September to November.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Caladenia dorrienii" was first formally described by Karel Domin in 1912 from a specimen collected by Arthur Dorrien-Smith near Bridgetown. The description was published in Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany. The specific epithet ("dorrienii") honours the collector of the type specimen.
Distribution and habitat.
The Cossack spider orchid is only found in scattered communities between Kojonup and Boyup Brook and near West Dale in the Avon Wheatbelt and Jarrah Forest biogeographic regions where it grows in moist clay soils amongst dense small plants in wandoo woodland.
Conservation.
"Caladenia dorrienii" is classified as "endangered" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and as "rare flora" under the Western Australian "Wildlife Conservation Act 1950".


Bulbophyllum lilianae

Bulbophyllum lilianae, commonly known as the warty strand orchid, is a species of epiphytic or lithophytic orchid that is endemic to tropical North Queensland. It has widely spaced, deeply grooved, dark green to yellowish pseudobulbs, thin but tough, dark green to yellowish leaves and up to three cream-coloured, pale green or reddish flowers with dark red stripes and a pink labellum. It grows on shrubs, trees and rocks, often in exposed situations.
Description.
"Bulbophyllum lilianae" is an epiphytic or lithophytic herb with well spaced, deeply grooved, dark green to yellowish pseudobulbs long and wide. There is a single egg-shaped to oblong, thin but tough leaf long and wide on the end of the pseudobulb. Up to three bell-shaped, cream-coloured, pale green or reddish flowers with dark red stripes, long and wide are arranged a thread-like flowering stem long. The dorsal sepals is egg-shaped to oblong, long and wide. The lateral sepals are egg-shaped and curved, long and wide and the petals are oblong to egg-shaped, long and wide. The labellum is pink, egg-shaped, thick and fleshy, about long and wide. Flowering occurs between July and September.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Bulbophyllum lilianae" was first formally described in 1917 by Alfred Barton Rendle and the description was published in the "Journal of Botany, British and Foreign" from a specimen collected near the summit of Mount Bellenden Ker.
Distribution and habitat.
The warty strand orchid grows on shrubs, trees and rocks, often in situations where it is exposed to full sun and wind or mist and fog. It occurs between the Cedar Bay National Park, the Evelyn Tableland and Paluma Range National Park.


Berberis amabilis

Berberis amabilis is a shrub native to Yunnan and Myanmar (Burma). It grows at elevations of 1800–3300 m.
"Berberis amabilis" is an evergreen shrub up to 2 m tall, with spines along the younger branches. Leaves are lanceolate, up to 8 cm long. Flowers are produced in groups of as many as 25. Berries are ellipsoid, nearly black, up to 8 mm long.


Cirsium mohavense

Cirsium mohavense is a species of thistle known by the common names virgin thistle and Mojave thistle. It is native to the southwestern United States, where it grows in moist areas in otherwise dry habitat, such as desert springs. It is most common in the Mojave Desert, found also in the southern Great Basin and other nearby regions of California, Nevada, western Arizona, and southwestern Utah.
"Cirsium mohavense" is a biennial or perennial growing up to 2.5 meters (100 inches or 8 feet 4 inches) tall. The densely woolly stem branches and spreads near the top. The leaves are toothed to deeply lobed, woolly, spiny, and up to 60 centimeters (24 inches) long near the base of the plant. The inflorescence is a spreading array of clusters of flower heads, each generally less than 3 centimeters long and wide. The flower head is coated in spiny phyllaries and filled with white, lavender, or pink flowers. The fruit is an achene a few millimeters long with a pappus on top about 1.5 centimeters long.


Acacia subtilinervis

Acacia subtilinervis, also known as the net-veined wattle, is a rare wattle in the "Juliflorae" subgenus found in eastern Australia.
Description.
The tree or shrub typically grows to a height of and can have a spreading or erect habit. It has grey coloured bark that can have a smooth texture or be finely fissured. The glabrous branchlets are more or less terete and resinous becoming granular toward the apices. Like most species of "Acacia" it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The evergreen, leathery phyllodes have a narrowly elliptic to linear shape and are generally straight with a length of and a width of . They have one prominent midvein and numerous fine longitudinal veins that are barely visible. It blooms between August and October producing inflorescences that occur singly or in pairs in the axils on stalks that are in length. The ovoid or cylindrical shaped flower-heads are in length and densely packed with bright yellow coloured flowers. The seed pods that form after flowering are straight and reasonably flat except for around the seeds where they are slightly raised and constricted. The firmly papery glabrous pods are in length and wide and either smooth or a little wrinkled. The seeds inside are arranged longitudinally. The black to brown coloured seeds have an oblong elliptic shape with a length of about with an open aureole.
Taxonomy.
The species was first formally described by the botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in 1863 as part of the work "Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae". It was reclassified as "Racosperma subtilinerve" by Leslie Pedley in 2003 then returned to genus "Acacia" in 2006.
The specific epithet is in reference to the very fine nveins found in the phyllodes. The type specimen was collected by Ferdinand von Mueller from the hills around Mount Imlay.
Distribution.
It is found in New South Wales and Victoria on the ranges around the Wolgan River in the north west and along the coast near Nowra in the north east with a range that extends down into Victoria. It is often situated among rocky outcrops as a part of heathland or dry sclerophyll forest communities. In Victoria it is found as far south as the upper Snowy River in the east Gippsland area growing in sandy gravelly soils in and around granite, sandstone and rhyolite.