Cedd

Cedd (; 620 – 26 October 664) was an Anglo-Saxon monk and bishop from the Kingdom of Northumbria. He was an evangelist of the Middle Angles and East Saxons in England and a significant participant in the Synod of Whitby, a meeting which resolved important differences within the Church in England. He is venerated in the Catholic Church, Anglicanism, and the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Background.
The little that is known about Cedd comes to us mainly from the writing of Bede in his "Ecclesiastical History of the English People". The following account is based entirely on Book 3 of Bede's History.
Cedd was born in the kingdom of Northumbria and brought up on the island of Lindisfarne by Aidan of the Irish Church. He had three brothers: Chad of Mercia (transcribed into Bede's Latin text as Ceadda), Cynibil and Cælin). All four were priests and both Cedd and Chad became bishops. The first datable reference to Cedd by Bede makes clear that he was a priest by the year 653. This probably pushes his birth date back to the early 620s. It is likely that Cedd was oldest of the brothers and was acknowledged the head of the family. He seems to have taken the lead, while Chad was his chosen successor.
Aidan had come to Northumbria from Iona, bringing with him a set of practices that are known as the Celtic Rite. As well as superficial differences over the Computus (calculation of the date of Easter), and the cut of the tonsure, these involved a pattern of Church organization fundamentally different from the diocesan structure that was evolving on the continent of Europe. Activity was based in monasteries, which supported peripatetic missionary bishops. There was a strong emphasis on personal asceticism, on Biblical exegesis, and on eschatology. Aidan was well known for his personal austerity and disregard for the trappings of wealth and power. Bede several times stresses that Cedd and Chad absorbed his example and traditions. Bede tells us that Chad and many other Northumbrians went to study with the Irish after the death of Aidan (651).
Cedd is not mentioned as one of the wandering scholars. He is portrayed by Bede as very close to Aidan's successor, Finan. So it is highly likely that he owed his entire formation as a priest and scholar to Aidan and to Lindisfarne.
Mission to Mercia.
In 653, Cedd was sent by Oswiu of Northumberland with three other priests to evangelise the Middle Angles, who were one of the core ethnic groups of Mercia, based on the mid-Trent Valley. Peada of Mercia, son of Penda, was sub-king of the Middle Angles. Peada had agreed to become a Christian in return for the hand of Oswiu's daughter, Alchflaed (c.635-c.714) in marriage. This was a time of growing Northumbrian power, as Oswiu reunited and consolidated the Northumbrian kingdom after its earlier (641/2) defeat by Penda. Peada travelled to Northumbria to negotiate his marriage and baptism.
Cedd, together with the priests, Adda, Betti and Diuma, accompanied Peada back to Middle Anglia, where they won numerous converts of all classes. Bede relates that the pagan Penda did not obstruct preaching even among his subjects in Mercia proper, and portrays him as generally sympathetic to Christianity at this point – a very different view from the general estimate of Penda as a devoted pagan. But, the mission apparently made little headway in the wider Mercian polity. Bede credits Cedd's brother Chad with the effective evangelization of Mercia more than a decade later. To make progress among the general population, Christianity appeared to need positive royal backing, including grants of land for monasteries, rather than a benign attitude from leaders.
Bishop of the East Saxons.
Cedd was soon recalled from the mission to Mercia by Oswiu, who sent him on a mission with one other priest to the East Saxon kingdom. The priests had been requested by Sigeberht the Good to reconvert his people.
The East Saxon kingdom was originally converted by missionaries from Canterbury, where Augustine of Canterbury had established a Roman mission in 597. The first bishop of the Roman Rite was Mellitus, who arrived in Essex in 604. After a decade, he was driven out of the area. The religious destiny of the kingdom was constantly in the balance, with the royal family itself divided among Christians, pagans, and some wanting to tolerate both.
Bede tells us that Sigeberht's decision to be baptized and to reconvert his kingdom was at the initiative of Oswiu. Sigeberht travelled to Northumbria to accept baptism from Bishop Finan of Lindisfarne. Cedd went to the East Saxons partly as an emissary of the Northumbrian monarchy. Certainly his prospects were helped by the continuing military and political success of Northumbria, especially the final defeat of Penda in 655. Practically, Northumbria gained hegemony among the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.
After making some conversions, Cedd returned to Lindisfarne to report to Finan. In recognition of his success, Finan ordained him bishop, calling in two other Irish bishops to assist at the rite. Cedd was appointed bishop of the East Saxons. As a result, he is generally listed among the bishops of London, a part of the East Saxon kingdom. Bede, however, generally uses ethnic descriptions for episcopal responsibilities when dealing with the generation of Cedd and Chad.
Bede's record makes clear that Cedd demanded personal commitment and that he was unafraid to confront the powerful. He excommunicated a thegn who was in an unlawful marriage and forbade Christians to accept the man's hospitality. According to Bede, when Sigeberht continued to visit the man's home, Cedd went to the house to denounce the king, foretelling that he would die in that house. Bede asserts that the King's subsequent murder (660) was his penance for defying Cedd's injunction.
After the death of Sigeberht, there were signs that Cedd had a more precarious position. The new king, Swithhelm of Essex, who had assassinated Sigeberht, was a pagan. He had long been a client of Æthelwold of East Anglia, who was increasingly dependent on Wulfhere of Mercia, the Christian king of a newly resurgent Mercia. After some persuasion from Ethelwald, Swithelm accepted baptism from Cedd. The bishop traveled into East Anglia to baptize the king at Ethelwald's home. For a time, the East Saxon kingdom remained Christian.
Bede presents Cedd's work as decisive in the conversion of the East Saxons, although it was preceded by other missionaries, and eventually followed by a revival of paganism. Despite the substantial work, the future suggested that all could be undone.
Monastic foundations.
Cedd founded many churches. He also founded monasteries at Tilaburg (probably East Tilbury, but possibly West Tilbury) and Ithancester (almost certainly Bradwell-on-Sea).
Cedd was appointed as abbot of the monastery of Lastingham in his native Northumbria at the request of the sub-king Œthelwald of Deira. Bede records the foundation of this monastery in some detail, showing that Ethelwald was put in contact with Cedd through Caelin, one of the bishop's brothers, who was on the king's staff. Cedd undertook a 40-day fast to purify the site, although urgent royal business took him away after 30 days, and Cynibil took over the fast for him.
Cedd occupied the position of abbot of Lastingham to the end of his life, while maintaining his position as missionary bishop and diplomat. He often traveled far from the monastery in fulfillment of these other duties. His brother Chad, who succeeded him as abbot, did the same. Cedd and his brothers regarded Lastingham as a monastic base, providing intellectual and spiritual support, and a place of retreat. Cedd delegated daily care of Lastingham to other priests, and it is likely that Chad operated similarly.
Final years.
Cedd had been brought up in the Celtic Rite, which differed from the Roman Rite in the dating of the religious calendar and other practices, including the tonsure of monks. Supporters of each rite met at a council within the Northumbrian kingdom known as the Synod of Whitby. The proceedings of the council were hampered by the participants' mutual incomprehension of each other's languages, which probably included Old Irish, Old English, Frankish and Old Welsh, as well as Latin. Bede recounted that Cedd interpreted for both sides. Cedd's facility with the languages, together with his status as a trusted royal emissary, likely made him a key figure in the negotiations. His skills were seen as an eschatological sign of the presence of the Holy Spirit, in contrast to the Biblical account of the Tower of Babel. When the council ended, Cedd returned to Essex.
According to Bede, Cedd accepted the Roman dating of the observance of Easter. He returned to his work as bishop, abandoning the practices of the Irish of Dál Riata.
A short time later, he returned to Northumbria and the monastery at Lastingham. He fell ill with the plague and died on 26 October 664. Bede records that immediately after Cedd's death a party of thirty monks travelled up from Essex to Lastingham to do homage. All but one small boy died there, also of the plague. Cedd was initially buried at Lastingham in a grave. Later, when a stone church was built, his body was moved and re-interred in a shrine inside the church of the monastery. Chad succeeded his brother as abbot at Lastingham.
King Swithhelm of Essex died at about the same time as Cedd. He was succeeded by the joint kings Sighere and Sæbbi. Some people reverted to paganism, which Bede said was due to the effects of the plague. Mercia under King Wulfhere was the dominant force south of the Humber, so it fell to Wulfhere to take prompt action. He dispatched Bishop Jaruman to take over Cedd's work among the East Saxons. Jaruman, working (according to Bede) with great discretion, toured Essex, negotiated with local magnates, and soon restored Christianity.
Cedd is remembered in the Church of England with a commemoration on 26 October.


Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA; pronounced ) is a branch of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. It is charged with improving the quality and availability of treatment and rehabilitative services in order to reduce illness, death, disability, and the cost to society resulting from substance abuse and mental illnesses. The Administrator of SAMHSA reports directly to the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. SAMHSA's headquarters building is located outside of Rockville, Maryland.
History.
SAMHSA was established in 1992 by Congress as part of a reorganization stemming from the abolition of Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration (ADAMHA). ADAMHA had been established in 1973, combining the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). The 1992 ADAMHA Reorganization Act consolidated the treatment functions that were previously scattered amongst the NIMH, NIAAA, and NIDA into SAMHSA, established as an agency of the Public Health Service (PHS). NIMH, NIAAA, and NIDA continued with their research functions as agencies within the National Institutes of Health.
Congress directed SAMHSA to target effectively substance abuse and mental health services to the people most in need and to translate research in these areas more effectively and rapidly into the general health care system.
Charles Curie was SAMHSA's Director until his resignation in May 2006. In December 2006 Terry Cline was appointed as SAMHSA's Director. Dr. Cline served through August 2008. Rear Admiral Eric Broderick served as the Acting Director upon Dr. Cline's departure, until the arrival of the succeeding Administrator, Pamela S. Hyde, J.D. in November 2009. She resigned in August 2015 and Kana Enomoto, M.A. served as Acting Director of SAMHSA until Dr. Elinore F. McCance-Katz was appointed as the inaugural Assistant Secretary for Mental Health and Substance Abuse. The title was changed by Section 6001 of the 21st Century Cures Act.
Organization.
SAMHSA's mission is to reduce the impact of substance abuse and mental illness on American's communities.
Four SAMHSA offices, called Centers, administer competitive, formula, and block grant programs and data collection activities:
The Centers give grant and contracts to U.S. states, territories, tribes, communities, and local organizations. They support the provision of quality behavioral-health services such as addiction-prevention, treatment, and recovery-support services through competitive Programs of Regional and National Significance grants. Several staff offices support the Centers:
Center for Mental Health Services.
The Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) is a unit of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. This U.S. government agency describes its role as:
The Center for Mental Health Services leads federal efforts to promote the prevention and treatment of mental disorders. Congress created CMHS to bring new hope to adults who have serious mental illness and children with emotional disorders.
, the director of CMHS is Paolo del Vecchio.
CMHS is the driving force behind the largest US children's mental health initiative to date, which is focused on creating and sustaining systems of care. This initiative provides grants (now cooperative agreements) to States, political subdivisions of States, territories, Indian Tribes and tribal organizations to improve and expand their Systems Of Care to meet the needs of the focus population—children and adolescents with serious emotional, behavioral, or mental disorders. The Children's Mental Health Initiative is the largest Federal commitment to children’s mental health to date, and through FY 2006, it has provided over $950 million to support SOC development in 126 communities.
Center for Substance Abuse Prevention.
The Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP) aims to reduce the use of illegal substances and the abuse of legal ones.
CSAP promotes self-esteem and cultural pride as a way to reduce the attractiveness of drugs, advocates raising taxes as a way to discourage drinking alcohol by young people, develops alcohol and drug curricula, and funds research on alcohol and drug abuse prevention. CSAP encourages the use of "evidence-based programs" for drug and alcohol prevention. Evidence-based programs are programs that have been rigorously and scientifically evaluated to show effectiveness in reducing or preventing drug use.
The current director of CSAP is Frances Harding.
History and legal definition.
CSAP was established in 1992 from the previous Office of Substance Abuse Prevention by the law called the ADAMHA Reorganization Act. Defining regulations include those of Title 42.
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment.
The Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT) was established in October 1992 with a Congressional mandate to expand the availability of effective treatment and recovery services for alcohol and drug problems. CSAT supports a variety of activities aimed at fulfilling its mission:
CSAT works with States and community-based groups to improve and expand existing substance abuse treatment services under the Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Block Grant Program. CSAT also supports SAMHSA’s free treatment referral service to link people with the community-based substance abuse services they need. Because no single treatment approach is effective for all persons, CSAT supports the nation's effort to provide multiple treatment modalities, evaluate treatment effectiveness, and use evaluation results to enhance treatment and recovery approaches.
The current director of CSAT is Louis A. Trevisan, MD
Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality.
The Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality (CBHSQ) conducts data collection and research on "behavioral health statistics" relating to mental health, addiction, substance use, and related epidemiology. CBHSQ is headed by a Director. Subunits of CBHSQ include:
The Center's headquarters are outside of Rockville, Maryland.
Regional offices.
CMS has its headquarters outside of Rockville, Maryland with 10 regional offices located throughout the United States:
Strategic Direction.
In 2010, SAMHSA identified "8 Strategic Initiatives" to focus the Agency's work. Below are the 8 areas and goals associated with each category:
Their budget for the Fiscal Year 2010 was about $3.6 billion. It was re-authorized for FY2011. Most recently, the FY 2016 Budget requests $3.7 billion for SAMHSA, an increase of $45 million above FY 2015.
Controversy.
In February 2004, the administration was accused of requiring the name change of an Oregon mental health conference from "Suicide Prevention Among Gay/Lesbian/Bisexual/Transgender Individuals" to "Suicide Prevention in Vulnerable Populations."
In 2002, then-President George W. Bush established the New Freedom Commission on Mental Health. The resulting report was intended to provide the foundation for the federal government's Mental Health Services programs. However, many experts and advocates were highly critical of its report, "Achieving the Promise: Transforming Mental Health Care in America".


Journal of Medical Virology

The Journal of Medical Virology is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering fundamental and applied research concerning viruses which affect humans. It is published by Wiley-Blackwell and was established in 1977. The editor-in-chief is Shou-Jiang (SJ) Gao (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center Cancer Virology Program).
Abstracting and indexing.
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
According to the "Journal Citation Reports", the journal has a 2012 impact factor of 2.373, ranking it 21st out of 34 journals in the category "Virology".


John M. Systermans

John M. Systermans (died May 28, 1989) was born Jean-Marie Systermans, but was better known as Father Henry Systermans or Pater Henri Systermans. He was a 20th-century Belgian-born missionary and priest with the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary.
He served for most of his life in Hawaii most notably during the 1950s at the leper colony at Kalaupapa on Molokai. His service there followed in the tradition of fellow Belgian priest, Saint Damien, and his contributions were part of the research gathered by Gavan Daws for the definitive biography "Holy Man: Father Damien of Molokai".
On August 9, 1958 he was elected as the seventh Superior General of the order.
He served as a Council Father in all four sessions of the Second Vatican Council from 1962 to 1965.
On April 17, 1967 Systermans was part of a delegation meeting Pope Paul VI to present petitions advocating beatification of Father Damien.
He retired in 1970, and died on May 28, 1989.


Sannyasin


Spermalege

The spermalege (also known as the organ of Berlese) is a special-purpose organ found in female bed bugs that appears to have evolved to mitigate the effects of traumatic insemination. The spermalege has two embryologically distinct parts, known as the ectospermalege and mesospermalege. The evolution of the spermalege as a female counter-adaptation for traumatic insemination was first proposed by Jacques Carayon in 1966.
Structure.
The spermalege has two embryologically distinct parts, known as the ectospermalege and mesospermalege.
The ectospermalege is derived from the ectoderm. It consists of a groove in the right-handed posterior margin of the fifth sclerite, overlying a pleural membrane. In order to access the female's haemocoel during traumatic insemination, male bed bugs insert their needle-like penis into the groove, and pierce the pleural membrane. This piercing produces wounds that leave melanised scars.
The mesospermalege is derived from the mesoderm. It is a membrane-bound sac attached to the wall of the haemocoel, directly beneath the groove of the ectospermalege. In all bed bug species except "Primicimex cavernis," sperm are injected into the mesospermalege. The structure contains two main types of hemocyte, though their function is not yet fully understood. The first of these is phagocytic and may absorb seminal fluid, whereas the other may digest spermatozoa.
Function.
The ectospermalege is visible externally in most bed bug species, giving the male a target through which to impale the female. In species without an externally visible ectospermalege, traumatic insemination takes place over a wide range of the body surface.
Exactly why males 'comply' with this aspect of female control over the site of mating is unclear, especially as male "P. cavernis" appear to be able to penetrate the abdomen at a number of points independent of the presence of an ectospermalege. One possibility is that mating outside the ectospermalege reduces female fecundity to such an extent that the mating male's paternity is significantly reduced ... The ectospermalege appears to act as a mating guide, directing the male's copulatory interest, and therefore damage, to a restricted area of the female's abdomen.
The spermalege structure serves to reduce the wounding and immunological costs of traumatic insemination. The piercing wound typically occurs in the exocuticle of the mesospermalege, and is repaired by "scarring substance" developed in the epidermis. At least nine species of bacteria and fungi have been identified from the male intromittent organ, and the mesospermalege reduces the likelihood of infection from such pathogenic organisms.


European Journal of Pharmacology

The European Journal of Pharmacology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of pharmacology. It publishes full-length papers on the mechanisms of action of chemical substances affecting biological systems, and short reviews debating recent advances in rapidly developing fields within its scope.
Papers are presented under these headings:


Flamboyant (Big L song)


H. van Raalte

Henri Benedictus van Raalte (11 February 1881 – 4 November 1929), known as H. van Raalte, was an Australian artist and printmaker.
Early life and training.
Van Raalte was born in Lambeth, London in 1881 to a Dutch father, Joel van Raalte, a cigar merchant, and an English mother, Frances Elizabeth nee Cable. He was educated at the City of London School, the Royal Academy and later in Belgium and the Netherlands. In 1901 he was elected an associate of the Royal Society of Painter-Etchers and Engravers, and in the same year had a picture hung at the Royal Academy exhibition. In 1902 there were full-page reproductions of an etching, and a dry-point by van Raalte in Modern Etching and Engraving, published by the Studio at London, highly competent and assured pieces of work, though he was then aged only 21.
Western Australia.
In 1910 he went to Western Australia and founded a school of art at Perth. He did many etchings and aquatints, often taking gum trees for his subjects, but it was some time before his work became known in the eastern states. He had an exhibition of his work at Perth in 1919 which was followed by another at Adelaide. In 1921 he was appointed curator of the art department at Adelaide, and in 1922 his title was changed to curator of the Art Gallery of South Australia. He resigned in January 1926 after interference by Sir William Sowden, president of the Gallery's board, in the hanging of what Van Raalte considered "bad art". He established a studio at Second Valley, South Australia, and lived there for the last three years of his life.
Death.
Except for occasional fits of depression van Raalte was apparently in good health, and it was intended that he should hold an exhibition of his work at Adelaide about the end of 1929. On 4 November of that year he was found in the grounds of his house shot through the head, and he died on the same day, leaving a widow and three sons.
Van Raalte Place, in the Canberra suburb of Conder, is named in his honour.


A Respectable Life

A Respectable Life () is a Swedish documentary film which was released to cinemas in Sweden on 26 March 1979, directed by Stefan Jarl. The film is the second of the Mods Trilogy by Jarl. At the 15th Guldbagge Awards the film won the awards for Best Film and Best Director. It was also selected as the Swedish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 52nd Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.
Synopsis.
A decade has gone by and the spirit of the preceding film, "Dom kallar oss mods", has disappeared. Kenta is an alcoholic and lives with his girlfriend, Eva. Together they have a son, Patric. Kenta's mom is in jail for manslaughter and Kenta goes to Hinseberg prison to greet her. Heroin also comes to play and Stoffe is one of those who falls victim to it. He lives with his girlfriend Lena and their young son, Janne. Lena later throws Stoffe out of their home when she gets enough of his abuse, and he is forced to live with his mother. Kenta calls Stoffe and decides to meet him, and he tries to persuade him to give up heroin, but the two have a falling out and they separate. This film features other users from the previous film, such as Jajje and Kenta Bergkvist. The film ends with the death of a prominent person in the trilogy.


Arthur Schatzkin

Arthur Gould Schatzkin (February 11, 1948 in New York City – January 20, 2011 in Chevy Chase, Maryland) was an American nutritional epidemiologist who spent much of his career at the National Cancer Institute.
Education.
Schatzkin received his bachelor's degree from Yale University in 1969, his M.D. from the SUNY Downstate College of Medicine in 1976, and his M.P.H. and doctorate in public health from Columbia University. As an undergraduate, Schatzkin was active in Students for a Democratic Society, and after graduation from Yale he went to work for the university as a grounds maintenance worker. He remained an active leftist, including taking part in an occupation on behalf on another worker and speaking at a rally of striking Winchester workers, and in 1969 he was fired, arrested, and tried for his activism.
Career.
One of Schatzkin's first academic positions in his career was as an assistant professor of public health and medicine at Boston University. In 1984, he began working at the National Cancer Institute, where he became the chair of the Nutritional Epidemiology Branch in 1999.
Research.
Schatzkin's early research focused on the link between alcohol consumption and breast cancer. Later, during the 1990s, he led the Polyp Prevention Trial, which found that, contrary to conventional wisdom, fiber intake was not associated with the development of precancerous polyps. He was also the principal investigator for the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, which enrolled over 500,000 people and is one of the largest-ever diet and lifestyle studies. The study began in the mid 1990s and was still ongoing at the time of his death in 2011.
Death.
Schatzkin died on January 20, 2011, at his home in Chevy Chase, Maryland, at the age of 62. He had previously been suffering from brain cancer.


Ann Silver

Ann Silver (born 23 November 1929) is an eminent British physiologist, known for her pioneering work on the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. She wrote a seminal text on the "Biology of cholinesterases" in 1974 and helped to lay the foundations of the cholinergic hypothesis by mapping cholinergic systems and helping to emphasise the importance of these pathways in brain areas central to cognitive and memory functions, leading to the use of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Family.
Ann Silver was born at a British hospital in India where her father was serving in the Indian army. Although a baptismal certificate states that she was "said to be born" on 23 November 1929, no actual birth certificate was issued. Her father was born in Grenada, then part of the British West Indies, where his Scottish father was a Church of Scotland minister. The family returned to Britain in 1930 and settled in Suffolk. She has an older brother, Ian A. Silver, who studied zoology at Cambridge, where he then lectured on Veterinary Anatomy. He is now an emeritus professor of Comparative Pathology at Bristol University.
Education.
Silver was educated at the University of Edinburgh, where she studied zoology, physiology and pharmacology graduating with a BSc (Hons) in 1954. In 1961 she was awarded a PhD in physiology, concerning the transport of choline acetyltransferase in nerves. Her PhD was undertaken as an external student since she was based in Cambridge at that time, carrying out research work for the Agricultural Research Council Institute of Animal Physiology at Babraham (later Babraham Institute).
Career.
Catherine Hebb, who had first stimulated Silver's interest in cholinesterases while teaching at the University of Edinburgh, invited Silver to join her when she moved to The Agricultural Research Council Institute of Animal Physiology at Babraham. Silver's initial research was on organophosphorous compounds and their anti-cholinesterase effects. The Institute was to remain Ann's employer for most of her career, where she continued to work with Catherine Hebb, co-authoring several papers on their research on the acetylcholine system. While there, Silver worked on the acetylcholine system, mapping the enzymes, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and investigating the nerve transport mechanism. She worked with many other eminent scientists at Babraham, a number of whom had also come from or studied at the University of Edinburgh. These included the director Sir John Gaddum, pharmacologist and neurochemist, Marthe Vogt, who had previously lectured in pharmacology and neuro-physiologist Krešimir Krnjević, who had also gained a PhD at the University. After many years in the lab, Silver eventually moved into the role of Information Officer, when a rise in anti-vivisection activity prompted a need for better public relations and awareness. Previous experience of working with the Physiological Society on what would or would not be licensed, made her a suitable candidate for this role. Silver then became ethical editor on the "Journal of Physiology," where several of her own research articles were published, ensuring that experiments in any published papers had been conducted humanely.


Flass

Flass, also called Flass House, is a large Grade II* listed house near the village of Maulds Meaburn, Cumbria, England. It was built in the 19th century in the Palladian style by the tea and opium traders Lancelot and Wilkinson Dent of Dent & Co. It remained in the hands of the Dent family until 1972, when it was sold to the historian Frank Welsh. It was sold again in 1982 to the solicitor Malcolm Whiteside, who temporarily ran the property as a care home. In 2000, the musician Christine Holmes and her husband Paul Davies bought the property. The pair divorced, and, in 2012, it was discovered that the property had been used by a criminal gang for the cultivation of cannabis. Six men, including Davies, were jailed in 2015. Holmes took control of the property, which was sold at auction in 2019.
Architecture.
Flass is set in a 15-acre estate in the Eden Valley, near the village of Maulds Meaburn. The house is in Palladian, or Italianate style. It is built in limestone that is partly rendered, and all is whitewashed; the roofs are slated. The house has an asymmetrical plan, and is in two storeys with attics. There is a string course between the storeys. The west (garden) front of the main part of the house is symmetrical, and in four bays. The lower storeys of the outer bays project forward, have flat roofs, and contain a three-light window on the front and French windows on the sides. Above each of the projecting bays is another three-light window, over which is a cornice and a small Diocletian window in a pedimented gable, this giving the semblance of a Venetian window. In the central two bays are casement windows. At the top of the house is a dentilled cornice and projecting eaves. The east front contains a Doric porte-cochère, and to the left of this is a three-storey tower. The remainder of the house is two-storey with attics.
On 6 February 1963, the building was designated as a Grade II* listed building.
Construction.
Flass was rebuilt in the mid-19th century, apparently incorporating elements of a previous house which likely dated to the 18th century, likely a yeoman farmer's home. It was built for Lancelot and Wilkinson Dent, though construction may have been started by their sister. The Dent brothers were the wealthy owners of Dent & Co., a company trading tea and opium. The process was initially overseen by an architect named Mr Gray, but, around 1854, a Mr G. Mair took over. The Dents' business was based in Hong Kong, and the interiors of the house were originally designed to resemble those of houses at the treaty ports in the East. Luxurious decoration included plasterwork frieze with pearls in the ballroom, marble fireplaces and ivory doorhandles. The house was furnished by the Lancaster-based firm Gillow's, though the Dents also brought furniture from the East.
The name "Flass" comes from a Middle English word meaning "lake" or "marsh". When the house was originally built, it is likely that the nearby River Lyvennet "took a more aggressive course through the 15-acre grounds".
History.
Flass remained in the hands of the Dent family until Sir Robert Dent and Lady Elspeth Dent sold it to the historian Frank Welsh for £17,000 in 1973. Robert Dent, shortly before selling the house, broke into an attic he had not visited. There, he found a number of items, including 16th-century statuettes from the Mughal Empire left behind by his ancestors. These were subsequently sold for £220,000. Welsh attempted to furnish the house in its original style, and many original features, including paintings, remained in the 1990s. Some had been moved, including an antique bed held in the Durham University Museum of Oriental Art.
Flass was purchased from Welsh in 1982 for £115,000 by the retired solicitor Malcolm Whiteside, who ran the property as a care home with his wife, Mary. A change in fire legislation in 1991 meant that this was no longer possible, and the house was put up for sale again; Whiteside still owned the house in the late 1990s, when it was on sale for around £750,000 (1997) or £650,000 (1998). It was sold in 2000 to the musician Christine Holmes and her husband Paul Davies for £490,000. The couple subsequently divorced, with Davies retaining control of Flass.
In the early 2010s, it was available to purchase or rent as "totally private and hidden away, with an unmatched seclusion and charm". However, in 2012, police discovered that a criminal gang had sealed off the rooms of the house to cultivate cannabis. Neighbours became suspicious because of the limited activity in the house and the sound of generators. Police observed and subsequently raided the property, finding equipment, compost, and a large "mother" plant. Six men, including Davies, were jailed for a total of nearly 40 years in 2015.
Holmes took control of the property, spending £200,000 on renovations, but failing to sell the property at £1,500,000 in 2014. The house became popular with urban explorers, leading to widely viewed videos being posted online and prosecutions for burglary. The house, then derelict, was repossessed by the bank and sold at auction in 2019, with a guide price of £460,000. Renovations are ongoing.


Lydia Gouardo

Lydia Gouardo (born 13 November 1962) is a French woman, born in Maisons-Alfort, Val-de-Marne, who was imprisoned for 28 years, raped, and tortured by her stepfather, Raymond Gouardo, in their home in Meaux and Coulommes in Seine et Marne. The abuse took place from 1971 to 1999.
Background and disappearance.
Lydia gave birth to six children, all by her stepfather. During her imprisonment, she escaped and phoned legal aid, but her stepfather recaptured her in a family residence in Melun. She was finally freed in 1999 when her stepfather died. The Abuse took place from when she was eight years old.
Lydia claimed to have run away from her stepfather when he hit her too hard but was always brought back by the police when she was a minor. She claimed to have not realized that the abuse was unusual. She bears the scars of her torture from her neck to her ankles from where her captor burned her with boiling water and hydrochloric acid. She still lives in the same house with the attic where she was locked up in, but she does not venture up there anymore.
Aftermath.
She wrote a book about her story, "Le silence des autres" (The Silence of Others), with the French journalist and writer Jean-Michel Caradec'h in 2008. She admitted that it was the worldwide news of the Fritzl case that made her talk; she said she wanted to be friends with Elisabeth Fritzl because she would feel less alone and she could support her. Gouardo believes the world "ignored her ordeal" as an incest and abuse victim. In her book she criticizes the media and authorities for neglecting her case, if it were not for the Fritzl case.
Her stepmother Lucienne was convicted in a closed-door trial for failure to report the crimes she was aware of and for sexual abuse against one of Lydia's children, and was given a three-year suspended jail sentence, however the prosecution appealed and her sentence was increased to a four-year suspended jail sentence.
Police also suspect Raymond Gouardo in the murder of four other girls in the Paris area in 1987. Raymond's body was exhumed to extract his DNA for tests on one of the victims which have not shown any link with Gouardo and other evidence is circumstantial.


Research Society on Alcoholism

The Research Society on Alcoholism (RSA) is a learned society of over 1600 active members based in Austin, Texas. Its objective is to advance research on alcoholism and the physiological and cognitive effects of alcohol. The RSA holds an annual meeting and, together with the International Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism, sponsors the publication of "", published by Wiley-Blackwell.
RSA holds yearly elections for Vice President, Secretary and five Board Member positions.


Bartolomeo Biscaino

Bartolomeo Biscaino (1632–1657) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active in his native Genoa.
Life.
He was the son, and pupil, of Giovanni Andrea Biscaino. He afterwards became a pupil of Valerio Castelli. His career was cut short by the plague which visited Genoa, and to which his father and himself fell victims. The Dresden gallery once held three paintings, representing "Woman taken in adultery", "Adoration by Magi", and "Circumcision of Christ".
Around 1650 Biscaino entered the workshop of Valerio Castello, and from roughly that year his first known work, which still finds him a clumsy and immature artist, was the canvas representing "St Ferrando in the act of imploring the Virgin". Almost at the same time Biscaino worked on the canvases representing the "Alms of St Louis King of France" and "Death of Cleopatra," both preserved in the Palazzo Bianco gallery in Genoa. In these canvases, the colors were not very vibrant, but the painter achieved a greater compositional balance, even if he did not get to possess a personal style, since he did not yet show the later influence of Rubens and Pellegro Piola. On the other hand, the existing canvas in the Pinacoteca Civica of Savona, representing "Triumph of David" and in "Moses Saved from the Waters", he has more maturity.
Bisciano later follows Valerio Castello and in addition to the characteristic colors, which became smoky and "sfatti" he adopted the type of procacciniano-corrugated figure. This is also visible in his "Adoration of the Magi", preserved in the National Gallery of Palazzo Spinola in Genoa. The last works of Bisciano, before his young death from plague, were the three paintings preserved in the Dresden Gallery and depicting "Christ and the Adulteress", "Presentation at the Temple" and "Adoration of the Magi". A sketch of the central part of the latter painting is preserved in M. Labò collection in Genoa and another in the National Gallery of Palazzo Spinola. In these works the painter could almost achieve a personal style.
Works.
He etched several plates, in a style, recalling Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione, including:


Sweating sickness epidemics


Zhou Yiqing

Zhou Yiqing (born 1929) is a professor of medicine at the Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology of the People's Liberation Army Academy of Military Medical Sciences. He was one of the scientists who participated in the Project 523 of the Chinese Government under Chairman Mao Zedong. The project resulted in the discovery of artemisinins, a class of antimalarial drugs, from the medicinal plant "Artemisia annua".
Zhou specifically worked on artemether, one of the derivatives of artemisinin. In 1985 he combined artemether with another drug lumefantrine into a single tablet, which he successfully used for the treatment of severe malaria. With the support of Novartis, the drug was produced in 1991 under the brand name Coartem, and it became the first artemisinin-based combination therapy. For this invention he and his team were awarded the European Inventor Award of 2009 in the category "Non-European countries".
Biography.
Zhou was a son of Chinese peasants. At age 16 he was enlisted in the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army of China. Having a medical background he served in the healthcare of the army. He was a nurse in the beginning, then the head of a nursing squad, assistant physician and eventually doctor-in-charge during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) and throughout the Chinese Civil War. After the civil war he studied medicine at the Second Military Medical University in Shanghai. He graduated in 1960, and then joined the Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology of the Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences as a researcher.
Development of Coartem.
Zhou was among more than 500 Chinese scientists assigned to investigate for a new antimalarial medication during the Cultural Revolution. Established by Mao Zedong-led government in 1967, the collaborative research was called Project 523. In 1972 Tu Youyou and her team discovered artemisinin (originally known as qinghaosu). A more stable compound artemether was synthesised from artemisinin. In 1981 the National Chinese Steering Committee for Development of Qinghaosu (artemisinin) and its Derivatives authorised Zhou to work on artemether. Zhou showed that artemether combined with another antimalarial lumefantrine was the most potent of all antimalarial drugs. He worked alone for four years, and was joined by Ning Dianxi and his team in 1985. They found that in clinical trials the combined tablet (artemether/lumefantrine) had very high cure rate of severe malaria, more than 95%, including in areas where multi-drug resistance is experienced. They applied for patent in 1991, but granted only in 2002. In 1992 they got it registered as a new drug. Novartis then noticed the new drug and made a deal for mass production. In 1999 Novartis obtained the international licensing rights and gave the brand name Coartem. It was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2009.


Streaming potential/current


Jian-Min Yuan (epidemiologist)

Jian-Min Yuan is a Chinese epidemiologist and cancer researcher.
Yuan earned a medical degree and completed a master's degree in public health specializing in epidemiology at Shanghai Medical University in 1983 and 1986, respectively, then served as a research fellow at the Shanghai Cancer Institute and also taught as an assistant professor there before pursuing doctoral studies in epidemiology at the University of Southern California, which he completed in 1996. Yuan was a postdoctoral researcher at the Keck School of Medicine until 1999. He remained at USC in an assistant professorship until 2005, when he joined the University of Minnesota faculty as an associate professor. Yuan was appointed a full professor in 2010. He joined the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute as associate director in 2011. Yuan started teaching at the University of Pittsburgh as a visiting professor, was offered tenure in 2012, and became the Arnold Palmer Endowed Chair in Cancer Prevention in 2013.


Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus

Inflammatory Linear Verrucous Epidermal Nevus is a rare disease of the skin that presents as multiple, discrete, red papules that tend to coalesce into linear plaques that follow the Lines of Blaschko. The plaques can be slightly warty (psoriaform) or scaly (eczema-like). ILVEN is caused by somatic mutations that result in genetic mosaicism. There is no cure, but different medical treatments can alleviate the symptoms.
Classification.
ILVEN is a condition that normally only affects one side of the body (unilateral). Usually the left side of patients is affected. The condition is persistent and forms along characteristic lines. It usually appears on an extremity in infancy or childhood. Altman and Mehregan described six characteristic features of ILVEN: (1) early age of onset, (2) predominance in females (4:1 female-male ratio), (3) frequent involvement of the left leg, (4) pruritus, or "itchiness" (5) marked refractoriness to therapy, and (6) a distinctive psoriasiform and inflammatory histologic appearance.
Genetics.
Most cases are sporadic, but a familial case, with the condition occurring in a mother and her daughter, has been described.
It also has been proposed that activation of an autosomal dominant lethal mutation that survives by mosaicism may be the cause of the lesions. The mutated cells may survive in the due to proximity of normal cells. Another theory is that retrotransposable elements may be the cause of all skin conditions along the Lines of Blashko. Some dogs have a coat variation based upon a similar mechanism.
The classification of the disease has much to do with the appearance and location of the lesions (phenotype characteristics). As this is a rare condition, it is possible that more than one genotype could cause a similar phenotype. Different genes have been implicated, but the number of patients studied in each case is very low.
There is some evidence that interleukins 1 and 6, tumor necrosis factor α, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 are upregulated in ILVEN, similar to psoriasis.
Histopathology.
-The plaques are characterized histologically by hyperkeratosis which is a thickening of the outer layer of skin. Hyperkeratosis is often associated with an abnormal amount of keratin production. Also characteristic is moderate acanthosis a thickening of the stratum spinosum with elongation of rete ridges.
- Characteristic histologic feature is regular alternation of slightly raised parakeratotic areas without a granular layer (hypogranulosis) and slightly depressed orthokeratotic areas with prominent granular layer (hypergranulosis). Orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis is characterised by hyperkeratosis with non-nucleated cells. Parakeratotic hyperkeratosis is characterised by hyperkeratosis with nucleated cells.
- The orthokeratotic area shows a basket-weave-pattern.
- The dermis shows scattering of chronic inflammatory infiltrate (Munro's microabscess) sometimes giving a spongiform appearance.
This is very similar to linear psoriasis, but it has been noted that the diseases are distinct entities by immunohistochemical analyses.
Immunohistochemistry.
Patients with ILVEN with and without associated psoriasis, the number of Ki-67 positive nuclei, tended to be lower than is typically found in psoriasis. Additionally, the number of keratin-10 positive cells and HLA-DR expression was higher as compared to psoriasis. In ILVEN without associated psoriasis all T-cell subsets and cells expressing NK receptors were reduced as compared to psoriasis, except for CD45RA+ cells. In particular the density of CD8+, CD45RO+ and CD2+, CD94 and CD161 showed a marked difference between ILVEN without psoriasis and psoriasis itself. T cells relevant in the pathogenesis of psoriasis are markedly reduced in ILVEN without psoriasis as compared to psoriasis.
Treatment.
Reported treatments include topical agents, dermabrasion, cryotherapy, laser therapy, and surgical excision. These therapies have a high failure rate because of incomplete relief of symptoms, scarring, or recurrence .
Though similar in appearance, ILVEN will not respond to therapies known to affect psoriasis. ILVEN can be very difficult to live with but can be treated. The most effective method is full-thickness excision of the lesion. CO2 Laser Surgery can resurface the skin to give a flat, smoother and more normal appearance, but does not remove the lesion.
History.
The condition later known as ILVEN was first described by Paul Gerson Unna in 1896. ILVEN appears very similar to psoriasis. However, it was not until 1971 that the disorder was described and clearly defined as a distinct entity by Altman and Mehregan in a case study of 25 patients. The Dupre and Christol described histopathological criteria in 1977.
Epidemiology.
ILVEN usually appears in infancy or early childhood. The condition is very rarely begun in adulthood. ILVEN occurs predominantly in females (female-male ratio, 4:1) with no racial predominance.


Disability in Tuvalu

Tuvalu has been slow to deal with problems that people with a disability face in the country. Since 1978, the government of Tuvalu has been slow to create policy and laws for people with disabilities. In addition, few studies have been done to assess the scope of the issue on the islands. The first comprehensive study of people with disabilities in Tuvalu was done in February 2017.
Demographics.
In 2012, there were 206 people with disabilities in Tuvalu, with the rate of prevalence of disability at 1.9% of the population. Most people with disabilities had a physical disability of some kind with 27.7% having a mental disability. A comprehensive study of people with disabilities in Tuvalu was done in 2017, and they collected 466 in the database for the Fusi Alofa Association (FAA) Tuvalu which is an organisation for people with disabilities.
Policy.
Legislation.
Tuvalu implemented a mental health policy for the country in 1978. Current law does not prohibit discriminating against people with disabilities in all areas of their lives. There is no law or provisions for accommodating people with disabilities in public spaces. There are no government benefits for people with disabilities in Tuvalu. Tuvalu has tasked its Community Affairs Department in the Ministry of Home Affairs and Rural Development to protect the rights of people with disabilities in the country.
Tuvalu has signed and ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD).
Non-Governmental organisations.
Before 2010, the Tuvalu Red Cross Society handled issues relating to people with disabilities, in addition to the other services they provided. The Red Cross used a medical model of disability. The organisation provided workshops and gave out wheelchairs and crutches to those who need them. During the 1980s and 1990s, the Red Cross operated a "small educational centre" on Funafuti, which employed two staff to help children with disabilities.
The Fusi Alofa Association (FAA) Tuvalu was created in 2010 and is the only cross-disability organisation working in Tuvalu. FAA Tuvalu was established to promote the rights of persons with disabilities and to give children with disabilities greater opportunities in Tuvalu. Prior to the formation of FAA Tuvalu, there were no services for disabled children in the country. FAA Tuvalu currently operates a school for children with disabilities on Funafuti.
Unique challenges.
Even though the island nation is small, transportation for people with physical disabilities can be an issue. In addition, even government buildings may not be accessible to individuals with physical disabilities.
Climate change also is problem that affects all Pacific Island nations and the elderly and people with disabilities are at a greater risk of being affected.


Pharmaceutical Statistics (journal)

Pharmaceutical Statistics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes papers related to pharmaceutical statistics. It is the official journal of Statisticians in the Pharmaceutical Industry and is published by John Wiley & Sons.
Abstracting and indexing.
"Pharmaceutical Statistics" is indexed in the following services:
External links.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1539-1612


Hazel Dockrell

Hazel Marguerite Dockrell (born 1952) is an Irish-born microbiologist and immunologist whose research has focused on immunity to the human mycobacterial diseases, leprosy and tuberculosis. She has spent most of her career at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, where as of 2020 she is a professor of immunology. She was the first female president of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Jimmy Whitworth of the Wellcome Trust describes her as "a marvellous ambassador for global health and research."
Early life and education.
Dockrell was born in Ireland in 1952 and brought up in Dublin. Her father held medical and dentistry qualifications. She was educated at Alexandra School and College, Dublin, and Trinity College Dublin, where she studied natural sciences, graduating in microbiology. She moved to London for her postgraduate education. Her PhD (1978) was from the Royal Dental Hospital of London (now part of St Thomas' Hospital), researching Sjogren syndrome, a human autoimmune disease; her supervisor was John Greenspan.
Career and research.
Her first post-doctoral position was at the immunology department of Middlesex Hospital Medical School (1978–85), working with John Playfair under Ivan Roitt. Her research there was on anti-malarial immune responses. In 1985, she joined the recently established department of clinical tropical medicine at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), working with Keith McAdam. Her early research at LSHTM was on immunity to leprosy, particularly the T-cell response to "Mycobacterium leprae". She spent time at the Aga Khan University in Karachi where she began a long-term collaboration with the Pakistani immunologist, Rabia Hussain. The clinical presentation of leprosy shows a range of possible symptoms, and Dockrell and Hussain have investigated the way in which the body's anti-mycobacterial immune response determines what form of disease occurs. They have also researched methods to diagnose the disease.
More recently, Dockrell has switched her research focus to tuberculosis, another mycobacterial disease, an area in which she has contributed significant advances. Her work has focused on the immune responses to the bacterium. She has studied the CD8+ T-cell response to mycobacteria, and characterised the profile of biomarkers such as cytokines both to natural infection and to vaccination with the BCG vaccine. In collaboration with the epidemiologist Paul Fine (Karonga Prevention Study, Malawi) and others, she has tried to elucidate why BCG vaccination generates different levels of protection when given in different contexts, such as African countries compared with the UK. She has studied the role in tuberculosis of concurrent infections with helminth parasites as well as non-infectious diseases such as diabetes. She has also promoted global collaborative research into new vaccines against the disease within the European Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative.
As of 2020, Dockrell is a professor of immunology at LSHTM. In addition to her own research work, Dockrell was the deputy director of research at LSHTM and, as of 2020, advises its director Peter Piot on collaborative programmes with Africa. In the latter role, she has focused on improving the research capabilities of the multiple African institutes with which LSHTM collaborates. Dockrell was the first woman to serve as president of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (2009–11).
She has been one of the co-authors of Cedric Mims' textbook "Medical Microbiology" from the third edition (2003).
Personal life.
Her partner is Stephen Gaccon, whom she met while studying for her PhD.


Jakob Beurlin

 Jakob Beurlin (1520 – 28 October 1561) was a German Lutheran theologian and Protestant reformer.
Life.
Beurlin was born in Dornstetten. In November 1533, he entered the University of Tübingen. When the Protestant Reformation was introduced there in 1534, he remained faithful to Catholicism, diligently studying philosophy and the writings of the Church Fathers. His transition to the new doctrine took place quietly.
In 1541 he was made administrator of the Martinianum, a foundation for needy students, and at the same time lectured on philosophy. In 1549 he accepted the pastorate of Derendingen near Tübingen, and in 1551 he was called as professor to Tübingen. On 2 June 1557 he examined and signed, together with other theologians, the "Confessio Virtembergica", which had been prepared for the Council of Trent, and in the month of August, together with Johannes Brenz's friend Johann Isenmann, he went to Langensalza and afterward to Saxony to come to an understanding with the theologians and councilors of the Elector Maurice concerning the Württemberg Confession as compared with the Saxon, which bad also been prepared for the Council of Trent.
In November 1551, in company with Luther's former steward, Jodocus Neuheller, pastor at Entringen, he was sent as theological adviser of the Württemberg delegates to Trent, where they took notes of the disputations. On 13 January 1552 both returned home, but on 7 March Beurlin, Brenz, Jacob Heerbrand and Valentin Vannius again started for Trent to oppose the decisions of the Council, and to defend the "Confessio Virtembergica" before it. The Council would not hear them in a public session, and they returned home.
Beurlin now devoted all his time to his academic duties. He lectured on Philip Melanchthon's "Loci", the Gospel and First Epistle of John, and the Epistles to the Romans and Hebrews, and drilled the young theologians in disputations. In May 1554 the duke sent him to Prussia to pacify those who had been stirred up by Andreas Osiander's teaching. He was unsuccessful, however, and, disgusted with the behavior of the factions, he declined the bishopric offered to him by Duke Albert and returned home.
In the interest of his academic office he now retired in favor of Jakob Andreae, who was a more willing interpreter of the theology and ecclesiastical policy of Brenz. In October, 1557, Beurlin and his father-in-law, Matthaeus Alber, went to the Colloquy of Worms in place of the Thuringian theologians. At the Stuttgart synod Beurlin also remained in the background, but he assisted Brenz in the defense of the "Confessio Wirtembergica" against the Dominican theologian Pedro de Soto.
Vice-chancellor of the university after 1557, Beurlin was the leader of the Swabians at the Erfurt Conference in April 1561, and was still more prominent on his last journey made in the service of the German Protestant cause. King Antoine of Navarre sought both at Stuttgart and Heidelberg for a theologian to advise him in the controversy which had arisen between the Cardinal of Guise and Theodore Beza concerning the relation of the French Protestants to the Augsburg Confession at the Colloquy of Poissy. Duke Christoph sent three theologians, Beurlin, Andreae, and the court preacher Balthazar Bidembach. Before leaving, Beurlin was made chancellor of the university and provost of the Collegiate Church (29 September). The theologians left on 3 October and arrived in Paris on 19 October. Meanwhile, the Colloquy at Poissy had been broken off, and the theologians had to wait till the king called them back into session. On 24 October Beurlin fell ill with the plague and died in Paris.


Pharmacognosy Reviews

Pharmacognosy Reviews is a peer-reviewed open-access medical journal published on behalf of the Phcog.net. The journal publishes articles on the subject of pharmacognosy, natural products, and phytochemistry. It is indexed with Caspur, EBSCO, ProQuest, and Scopus.
Phcog.net (Pharmacognosy Network Worldwide) appeared on Beall's list of predatory open-access journals from October 2012 through September 12, 2015.


Digitate keratoses


Cornelia Mitchell Downs

Cornelia "Cora" Mitchell Downs (December 20, 1892 to January 27, 1987) was an American microbiologist and journalist who completed extensive work in the areas of immunofluorescence and tularemia research. Downs was born and raised in Kansas City, Kansas to parents Lily Louis Campbell Downs and Henry Mitchell Downs and remained there for much of her educational, teaching, and research careers.
Education.
In 1915, Downs completed her Bachelor of Arts degree at the University of Kansas. She continued her education at University of Kansas to complete her Master of Arts degree in 1920, followed by her Doctor of Philosophy in 1924. Downs also attended the University of Chicago to complete her Postgraduate degree in 1921.
Career.
Downs served as an educator in the Department of Bacteriology at the University of Kansas between 1917 and 1963. She taught at the university as an instructor, assistant professor, and associate professor before being appointed full professorship in 1935. During her time at the University of Kansas, Downs conducted groundbreaking microbiology research surrounding the animal immune responses to tularemia, commonly known as rabbit fever. She is also well known for her work in the development of the fluorescent antibody technique—a diagnostic technique used to identify viruses—by studying methods to simplify the synthesis of the labelling agents used in the procedure. Downs also served as a visiting investigator at the Rockefeller Institute from 1939 to 1940. She ultimately retired in 1963.
Awards and memberships.
Downs was recognized in Marquis Who's Who as a prominent instructor in microbiology. She was also recognized as a member of many scientific organizations including the American Society of Pathology and Bacteriology, the American Association of Immunologists, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the American Association of University Professors. Downs was also a Fellow of the New York Academy of Sciences and a member of several Greek organizations and honor societies including Sigma Xi, Phi Sigma, and Delta Delta Delta.


While No One Is Watching

While No One Is Watching is a 2013 Swedish documentary film about sexual violence against children and the people fighting to stop it, directed by and David Herdies. The film is produced by Momento Film in a cooperation with ECPAT Sweden.
In October 2013, the film was screened privately for politicians and government officials, followed by a panel discussion led by Swedish Minister of Foreign Affairs, Margot Wallström.
The cinematography is by Camilla Skagerström.


Clear cell acanthoma

Clear cell acanthoma (also known as "Acanthome cellules claires of Degos and Civatte," "Degos acanthoma," and "Pale cell acanthoma") is a benign clinical and histological lesion initially described as neoplastic, which some authors now regard as a reactive dermatosis. It usually presents as a moist solitary firm, brown-red, well-circumscribed, 5 mm to 2 cm nodule or plaque on the lower extremities of middle-aged to elderly individuals The lesion has a crusted, scaly peripheral collarette and vascular puncta on the surface. It is characterized by slow growth, and may persist for years. The clinical differential diagnosis includes: dermatofibroma, inflamed seborrheic keratosis, pyogenic granuloma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, verruca vulgaris, psoriatic plaque, and melanoma.
Histology.
Clear cell acanthoma is characterized by a sharply demarcated psoriasiform epidermal hyperplasia composed of a proliferation of slightly enlarged keratinocytes, and basal cells with pale-staining glycogen-rich cytoplasm, mild spongiosis and scattered neutrophils, which may form small intraepidermal microabscesses. Oedematous dermal papillae are typically seen with increased vascularity and a mixed inflammatory infiltrate including lymphocytes, plasma cells and neutrophils.
Treatment.
Simple surgical excision is curative.


Dreams Academy

Dreams Academy (Düşler Akademisi) is a Turkish alternative academy of arts, offering cultural and artistic education and recreation free of charge for disabled and socially disadvantaged people. In particular for those with a disability or a chronic disease. It’s located in Istanbul.
Since 2008, Dreams Academy has been helping people with disabilities to get involved in social life. Dreams academy is offering many workshops in various fields like: dance, drama, sport, art, foreign languages, sign language and scuba diving.
The Dreams Academy project is realized with the support of Vodafone Turkey, Alternative Life Association (AYDER), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and Turkish Ministry of Development.
Dreams Academy Kaş.
In April 2014 Dreams Academy opened a second centre in Kaş. This location functions as a learning centre and alternative camp. During the season groups of socially excluded individuals are given the chance to a real summer-camp experience. They are given the opportunity to participate in activities such as: scuba diving, horse riding, sightseeing as well as several art and sport workshops.
Social Inclusion Band.
Social Inclusion Band is a sub-project of the Dreams Academy. The band is formed by musicians trained at Dreams Academy and volunteering professional musicians. The main purpose of the Social Inclusion Band is raising awareness around the issue of disability and self-improvement of the band members themselves
The band has performed at venues like Vodafone Freezone Music Festival, Efes Pilsen One Love Festival, İstanbul Jazz Festival, Rock’n Coke and shared the stage with musicians such as Moby and Limp Bizkit. Since its formation, the band has been performing at Babylon every month.
Girls Without Barriers (Kızlar Atakta).
The “Girls without barriers” project is focussed on the empowerment of socially disadvantaged teenage girls (with and without disabilities). The main goal is to increase their self-esteem through engaging in diverse sports, outdoor activities and team building related trainings during the period of one week. The activities include camping, scuba diving, riding a bike, walking a 6 meter high rope course, trekking, horseriding, yoga, orienteering, swimming, dancing and diverse art classes


John Sappington

John S. Sappington (1776-1856) was an American physician known for developing a quinine pill to treat malarial and other fever diseases in the Missouri and Mississippi valleys, where the disease was widespread. He later used the pill to prevent malaria. Because he both manufactured and sold "Dr. Sappington's Anti-Fever Pills", he became wealthy from his bestseller.
From Maryland and Tennessee, Sappington settled in Missouri after completing medical training and getting married. He married Jane Breathitt, a sister of future Kentucky governor John Breathitt and two other politically connected brothers. As an early pioneer near Arrow Rock, Missouri, Sappington established several businesses to earn money to acquire land. He eventually acquired thousands of acres and became a major planter and slaveholder in the state. In furtherance of his work on treating malarial fever, he wrote "The Theory and Treatment of Fevers," (1844), the first medical book printed in Missouri and among the first books published west of the Mississippi River. He imported cinchona bark from Peru, and manufactured and sold quinine pills to treat malaria and other fevers common to the area. His company was eventually a national one.
Personal life.
John Sappington was born in 1776 to Dr. Mark and Rebecca Sappington in Havre de Grace, Maryland. The family moved to Nashville, Tennessee in 1785, following a paternal brother who had just been appointed as a justice in the new town. John and two of his three brothers all grew up studying medicine under the guidance of their father, learning to become physicians. The third brother became a merchant.
Sappington married Jane Breathitt, whom he met in Kentucky. Several of her brothers became politically successful: John Breathitt was later the 11th Governor of Kentucky; George Breathitt became the private secretary of President Andrew Johnson; and James Breathitt, a future Commonwealth's Attorney for Kentucky.
The young couple settled in nearby Franklin, Tennessee, also in the Middle District of the state, where Sappington began his independent practice of medicine. While living in Franklin, Sappington became close friends with Thomas Hart Benton, an important political figure who later moved to Missouri. In 1817, following the advice and a substantial loan from Benton, Sappington and his family moved to central Missouri, first settling in Howard County. He used the loan to invest in land in neighboring Saline County, and two years later settled near Arrow Rock and the Missouri River.
The couple had a total of nine children together, two boys: Erasmus Darwin (1809-1858) and William B.; and seven girls: including Mary, Lavinia, Jane, Louisa and Elizabeth. The two brothers both married daughters of their maternal uncle John Breathitt, a governor of Kentucky, and his wife.
At least four of the Sappington daughters married men who became politicians in Missouri; two sons-in-law served as future governors of Missouri.
Career.
Initially John Sappington provided medical services, was a financial lender, and imported and exported goods to the Missouri area. By 1824 he established Pearson and Sappington, a store in nearby Jonesborough (now Napton, Missouri), in part supplying traders and emigrants on the Santa Fe Trail, which had a terminus nearby. He established another store in Arrow Rock. In addition to selling goods, they loaned money, processed salt, and also milled lumber. He exported cotton and lumber. These enterprises and his acquisition of large amounts of inexpensive land added to his influence in Saline County, Missouri, part of what was known as the Little Dixie area. Most of its early settlers were from Virginia, Kentucky and Tennessee, strongly influencing the culture. Sappington acquired thousands of acres and became a major planter and slaveholder.
Once he had achieved financial success, Sappington began to conduct research in his medical practice. He focused on testing ways to use the bark of the cinchona tree from Peru, the substance used to create quinine. Quinine had been used to treat malaria in South America and Europe since the 17th century, carried to major European cities by Jesuit missionaries from Lima. They had learned of the bark's use to treat fever from the indigenous Quechua people. In that era, quinine powder, which had a bitter taste, was typically mixed with wine or other drink to make it palatable. It became used in Seville, Rome and London, among other places.
Malaria, scarlet fever, yellow fever, and influenza, were widespread diseases in the lowlands of the Missouri and Mississippi valleys. Their methods of transmission were not known. But Sappington developed a pill using quinine to treat the associated fevers. Beginning in 1832 he marketed these as "Dr. Sappington's Anti-Fever Pills," an early proprietary/patent medicine. Gradually he also instructed some of his relatives and salesmen to take the pills to prevent malaria. Soon the pills were in demand for treatment of malaria across the country, especially in the South. In addition, traders and emigrants on the Santa Fe Trail, which head was near Arrow Rock, purchased the pills for their long trips south and west.
This treatment was considered controversial, as most physicians were still treating malaria by bloodletting the patient and administering calomel. In addition, people had to use the quinine pills at the right dosage to prevent serious side effects. The pill remained in high demand, however, and Sappington increased his wealth by these sales.
After Sappington published the formula in his medical treatise, "Theory and Treatment of Fevers" (1844), many other physicians began to develop their own anti-malaria pills. His was the first medical book to be printed in Missouri and one of the first books to be published west of the Mississippi. Sappington is often regarded as the first physician in the United States to successfully and effectively use quinine to treat and prevent malaria.
Extended family.
Sappington's influence and his wife's connections likely aided the political careers of two of their sons-in-law, Meredith Miles Marmaduke, who married daughter Lavinia in 1826; and Claiborne Fox Jackson, who in 1831 married Jane Breathitt Sappington (named for her mother). She died a few months later. After serving in the Black Hawk War, Jackson married her sister Louisa in 1833. He also worked with his father-in-law and one of Louisa's brothers in his quinine business. After Louisa died in 1838, followed by their infant, later that year Jackson married Elizabeth Sappington (named for her maternal grandmother), a third daughter of the family. Jackson was very active in politics in central Missouri, serving for 12 years in the state house.
Sappington gave work to both Marmaduke and Jackson early in their careers, in his family businesses. Both men later served as governors of Missouri. One of Marmaduke's sons, John Sappington Marmaduke, also became a politician and was elected in 1884 as governor of Missouri, serving a single two-year term.


Vikki Abrahams

Vikki Martyne Abrahams is an English–American reproductive immunologist. She is a Full professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences at the Yale University School of Medicine. Her research focuses on understanding the role of innate immune Toll-like receptor and Nod-like receptor family members in placental and maternal-fetal immune responses.
Early life and education.
Abrahams earned her Bachelor of Science degree and PhD from the University College London.
Career.
Abrahams came to the United States for her postdocotral work at Dartmouth Medical School and Yale University in the field of Reproductive Immunology before accepting a faculty position in 2004. In her role as an assistant professor of obstetrics and gynecology, Abrahams co-authored a study which found that there was a specific defence mechanism used by the immune system which was imitated by cancer cells in order to fight off the effects of cancer drugs like paclitaxel. She was later awarded a one-year grant of $73,284 from the Alliance for Lupus Research for her project titled "Effect of Antiphospholipid Antibodies on Trophoblast Function in Pregnancy." In 2010, Abrahams continued her research into pregnancy complications using a three-year grant from the American Heart Association to advance her work. She also co-authored another study which uncovered how hormone progesterone act to prevent preterm birth.
Abrahams research focuses on understanding the role of innate immune Toll-like receptor and Nod-like receptor family members in placental and maternal-fetal immune responses. In 2014, she was the senior author on a study exploring whether an anti-malaria drug could be used to treat obstetrical antiphospholipid syndrome. Two years later, she was the recipient of the 2016 Novel Research Grant from the Lupus Research Institute to conduct innovative work in lupus. She used this grant to lead a study identifying how the Zika virus infects the placenta.
In 2019, Abrahams was the recipient of the annual American Society for Reproductive Immunology Award as some "who has made outstanding contributions to the area of reproductive immunology."


Camp Bloomfield

Camp Bloomfield was a campground in the Santa Monica Mountains near Malibu, California, United States. In 1958, Henry Bloomfield purchased the land, donating its use to the Foundation for the Junior Blind (now known as Wayfinder Family Services) to create a camp for children and youth who are blind, visually impaired or multi-disabled. As the largest of its kind in Western United States, Camp Bloomfield served hundreds of campers and family members free of charge each summer and was accredited by the American Camping Association (ACA). It was destroyed in the Woolsey fire on November 9, 2018.
Activities.
Several activities were available to both camper and their family members, such as:
Some other activities that were taken out of the program that used to be conducted on the grounds include riflery, jazzercise, photography, diving, singing, arts & crafts and outdoor cooking.
History.
Camp Bloomfield was started in 1958 by Norm Kaplan with help from the Seabees and students at Pepperdine University. Starting off with a simple campfire circle, tents were later introduced in the first couple years. Cabins were put in place by 1962, four for Boy's Town and four for Girl's Town. Shortly after the construction of the cabins, the camp offices and mess hall, called Hanky's Hall, were built, allowing the camp to expand officially. In 1974, visually impaired, hearing impaired and deaf students were introduced to the Camp, where they mingled together. A song was chosen for this moment: Debbie Boone's "You Light Up My Life." Visually impaired students were taught sign language to use as a form of communication, where in one instance they signed the lyrics of the song to the deaf/hearing impaired students. Campers were able to experience various different cultures, reflected by the diversity of staff members, consisting of many young people coming from around the world to serve as counselors and specialists as per the founders request.
In 1984 camp scenes for "Mask," were filmed here. Campers and staff got a preview of the finished film at Universal Studios in February, 1985.
Initially, there were four summer sessions conducted in camp:
After the 1980s the camp schedule was changed to include more sessions, and the sessions were reduced to three or four days apiece. Sessions were added for families and for campers who wanted to bring their sighted buddies, and split so that people who could not attend Camp in the early summer got to attend in the late summer, and vice versa.
The name of the organization that owns the camp has been changed multiple times:


Drugs controlled by the UK Misuse of Drugs Act

Drugs controlled by the United Kingdom (UK) Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 are listed in this article.
These drugs are known in the UK as "controlled drugs", because this is the term by which the act itself refers to them. In more general terms, however, many of these drugs are also controlled by the Medicines Act 1968, there are many other drugs which are controlled by the Medicines Act but not by the Misuse of Drugs Act, and other substances which may be considered drugs (alcohol, for example) are controlled by other laws.
The Misuse of Drugs Act sets out three separate categories, Class A, Class B, and Class C. Class A drugs represent those deemed most dangerous, and so carry the harshest punishments. Class C represents those thought to have the least capacity for harm, and so the Act demands more lenient punishment. In reality the potential harm has little bearing on the class, which has led to dissatisfaction with drug laws.
Being found in possession of a drug on this list is dealt with less seriously than would be if it were deemed that there is intent to supply (even without payment) the drug to others. Possession with intent to supply carries a maximum penalty of life imprisonment.
With regard to lawful possession and supply, a different set of categories apply which are set out in the Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001 (as amended). This sets out five schedules each with their own restrictions. Schedule 1 contains substances considered by the government to have no medicinal value, such as hallucinogens, and their use is limited primarily to research, whereas schedules 2–5 contain the other regulated drugs. This means that although drugs may fall into the category of Class A/B/C, they may also fall into one of the schedules for legitimate medicinal use. For example, morphine is a Class A drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, but when lawfully supplied falls under the category of a Schedule 2 controlled drug.
Substances may be removed and added to different parts of the schedule by statutory instrument, provided a report of the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs has been commissioned and has reached a conclusion, although the Secretary of State is not bound by the council's findings. This list has in practice been modified a great number of times, sometimes removing substances, but more commonly adding some; for example, many benzodiazepines became Class C drugs in 1985, and many cathinones became Class B drugs in 2010.
Class A drugs.
1. The following substances, namely:—
(b) any compound (not being a compound for the time being specified in sub-paragraph (a) above) structurally derived from tryptamine or from a ring-hydroxy tryptamine by modification in any of the following ways, that is to say—
the following phenethylamine derivatives, namely:—
(c) any compound (not being methoxyphenamine or a compound for the time being specified in sub-paragraph (a) above) structurally derived from phenethylamine an N-alkylphenethylamine, a methylphenethylamine, an N-alkyl-α-methylphenethylamine, an ethylphenethylamine, or an N-alkyl-α-ethylphenethylamine by substitution in the ring to any extent with alkyl, alkoxy, alkylenedioxy or halide substituents, whether or not further substituted in the ring by one or more other univalent substituents.
(d) any compound (not being a compound for the time being specified in sub-paragraph (a) above) structurally derived from fentanyl by modification in any of the following ways, that is to say,
(e) any compound (not being a compound for the time being specified in sub-paragraph (a) above) structurally derived from pethidine by modification in any of the following ways, that is to say,
(f) any compound (not being benzyl(α-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyphenethyl)amine) structurally derived from mescaline, 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-α-methylphenethylamine, 2,5-dimethoxy-α,4-dimethylphenethylamine, N-hydroxytenamphetamine (N-hydroxy-MDA), or a compound specified in sub-paragraph (ba) or (c) above, by substitution at the nitrogen atom of the amino group with a benzyl substituent, whether or not substituted in the phenyl ring of the benzyl group to any extent.”.
2. Any stereoisomeric form of a substance for the time being specified in paragraph 1 above not being dextromethorphan or dextrorphan.
3. Any ester or ether of a substance for the time being specified in paragraph 1 or 2 above [not being a substance for the time being specified in Part II of this Schedule].
4. Any salt of a substance for the time being specified in any of paragraphs 1 to 3 above.
5. Any preparation or other product containing a substance or product for the time being specified in any of paragraphs 1 to 4 above.
6. Any preparation designed for administration by injection which includes a substance or product for the time being specified in any of paragraphs 1 to 3 of Part II of this Schedule.
Class B drugs.
1. The following substances, namely:—
(aa) Any compound (not being bupropion, cathinone, diethylpropion, pyrovalerone or a compound for the time being specified in sub–paragraph (a) above) structurally derived from 2–amino–1–phenyl–1–propanone by modification in any of the following ways, that is to say,
Any compound structurally derived from 2–aminopropan–1–one by substitution at the 1-position with any monocyclic, or fused‑polycyclic ring system (not being a phenyl ring or alkylenedioxyphenyl ring system), whether or not the compound is further modified in any of the following ways, that is to say,
any 5,5 disubstituted barbituric acid
[2,3–Dihydro–5–methyl–3–(4–morpholinylmethyl)pyrrolo[1, 2, 3–de]–1,4–benzoxazin–6–yl]–1–naphthalenylmethanone. (WIN 55,212-2)
3–Dimethylheptyl–11–hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol.
[9–Hydroxy–6–methyl–3–[5–phenylpentan–2–yl] oxy–5, 6, 6a, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10a–octahydrophenanthridin–1–yl] acetate.
9-(Hydroxymethyl)–6, 6–dimethyl–3–(2–methyloctan–2–yl)–6a, 7, 10, 10a–tetrahydrobenzo[c]chromen–1–ol.
[2,3–Dihydro–5–methyl–3–(4–morpholinylmethyl)pyrrolo[1, 2, 3–de]–1,4–benzoxazin–6–yl]–1–naphthalenylmethanone.
Any compound structurally derived from 3–(1–naphthoyl)indole or 1H–indol–3–yl–(1–naphthyl)methane by substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring by alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl or 2–(4–morpholinyl)ethyl, whether or not further substituted in the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted in the naphthyl ring to any extent.
Any compound structurally derived from 3–(1–naphthoyl)pyrrole by substitution at the nitrogen atom of the pyrrole ring by alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl or 2–(4–morpholinyl)ethyl, whether or not further substituted in the pyrrole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted in the naphthyl ring to any extent.
Any compound structurally derived from 1–(1–naphthylmethyl)indene by substitution at the 3–position of the indene ring by alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl or 2–(4–morpholinyl)ethyl, whether or not further substituted in the indene ring to any extent and whether or not substituted in the naphthyl ring to any extent.
Nabilone
Any compound structurally derived from 3–phenylacetylindole by substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring with alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl or 2–(4–morpholinyl)ethyl, whether or not further substituted in the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted in the phenyl ring to any extent.
Any compound structurally derived from 2–(3–hydroxycyclohexyl)phenol by substitution at the 5–position of the phenolic ring by alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl or 2–(4–morpholinyl)ethyl, whether or not further substituted in the cyclohexyl ring to any extent.";
Any compound structurally derived from 3-benzoylindole by substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring by alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, cyanoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, (N-methylpiperidin-2-yl)methyl or 2–(4–morpholinyl)ethyl, whether or not further substituted in the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted in the phenyl ring to any extent.
Any compound structurally derived from 3-(1-adamantoyl)indole or 3-(2-adamantoyl)indole by substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring by alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, cyanoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, (N-methylpiperidin-2-yl)methyl or 2–(4–morpholinyl)ethyl, whether or not further substituted in the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted in the adamantyl ring to any extent.
Any compound structurally derived from 3-(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropylcarbonyl)indole by substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring by alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, cyanoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, (N-methylpiperidin-2-yl)methyl or 2–(4–morpholinyl)ethyl, whether or not further substituted in the indole ring to any extent.
(ca) any compound (not being clonitazene, etonitazene, acemetacin, atorvastatin, bazedoxifene, indometacin, losartan, olmesartan, proglumetacin, telmisartan, viminol, zafirlukast or a compound for the time being specified in sub-paragraph (c) above) structurally related to 1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-018), in that the four sub-structures, that is to say the indole ring, the pentyl substituent, the methanone linking group and the naphthyl ring, are linked together in a similar manner, whether or not any of the sub-structures have been modified, and whether or not substituted in any of the linked sub-structures with one or more univalent substituents and, where any of the sub-structures have been modified, the modifications of the sub-structures are limited to any of the following, that is to say—
(d) 1-Phenylcyclohexylamine or any compound (not being ketamine, tiletamine or a compound for the time being specified in paragraph 1(a) of Part 1 of this Schedule) structurally derived from 1-phenylcyclohexylamine or 2-amino-2-phenylcyclohexanone by modification in any of the following ways, that is to say,
(i) by substitution at the nitrogen atom to any extent by alkyl, alkenyl or hydroxyalkyl groups, or replacement of the amino group with a 1-piperidyl, 1-pyrrolidyl or 1-azepyl group, whether or not the nitrogen containing ring is further substituted by one or more alkyl groups;
(ii) by substitution in the phenyl ring to any extent by amino, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy or halide substituents, whether or not further substituted in the phenyl ring to any extent;
(iii) by substitution in the cyclohexyl or cyclohexanone ring by one or more alkyl substituents;
(iv) by replacement of the phenyl ring with a thienyl ring.
(e) Any compound (not being a compound for the time being specified in paragraph 1(ba) of Part 1 of this Schedule) structurally derived from 1-benzofuran, 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran, 1H-indole, indoline, 1H-indene, or indane by substitution in the 6-membered ring with a 2-ethylamino substituent whether or not further substituted in the ring system to any extent with alkyl, alkoxy, halide or haloalkyl substituents and whether or not substituted in the ethylamino side-chain with one or more alkyl substituents.
2. Any stereoisomeric form of a substance for the time being specified in paragraph 1 of this Part of this Schedule.
3. Any salt of a substance for the time being specified in paragraph 1 or 2 of this Part of this Schedule.
4. Any preparation or other product containing a substance or product for the time being specified in any of paragraphs 1 to 3 of this Part of this Schedule, not being a preparation falling within paragraph 6 of Part I of this Schedule.
Class C drugs.
1. Class C drugs, supposedly the least harmful drugs, include the following substances:—
any compound (not being Trilostane or a compound for the time being specified in sub-paragraph (b) above) structurally derived from 17-hydroxyandrostan-3-one or from 17-hydroxyestran-3-one by modification in any of the following ways, that is to say,
(i) by further substitution at position 17 by a methyl or ethyl group;
(ii) by substitution to any extent at one or more of positions 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11 or 16, but at no other position;
(iii) by unsaturation in the carbocyclic ring system to any extent, provided that there are no more than two ethylenic bonds in any one carbocyclic ring;
(iv) by fusion of ring A with a heterocyclic system;
any substance which is an ester or ether (or, where more than one hydroxyl function is available, both an ester and an ether) of a substance specified in sub-paragraph (b) or described in sub-paragraph (c) above;
1–benzylpiperazine or any compound (not being 1–(3–chlorophenyl)piperazine or 1–(3–chlorophenyl)–4–(3–chloropropyl)piperazine) structurally derived from 1–benzylpiperazine or 1–phenylpiperazine by modification in any of the following ways
by substitution at the second nitrogen atom of the piperazine ring with alkyl, benzyl, haloalkyl or phenyl groups;
by substitution in the aromatic ring to any extent with alkyl, alkoxy, alkylenedioxy, halide or haloalkyl groups;
2. Any stereoisomeric form of a substance for the time being specified in paragraph 1 of this Part of this Schedule [not being phenylpropanolamine.]
3. Any salt of a substance for the time being specified in paragraph 1 or 2 of this Part of this Schedule.
4. Any preparation or other product containing a substance for the time being specified in any of paragraphs 1 to 3 of this Part of this Schedule.
Derivatives and analogues.
The act contains several references to "derivatives" of compounds but the extent of this term is not fully clarified. Where unspecified it is thought to indicate derivatives which can be made from the specified compound in a single synthetic step, although such a definition would indicate that alkyllysergamide analogues would be uncontrolled. Where the derivatives are specified to be "structural derivatives" there is precedent that the statute applies whenever the structure could be converted to the "specified" derivatives in any number of synthetic steps.


Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies

The Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies is a bimonthly medical journal covering research related to acupuncture, the meridian system (a concept in traditional Chinese medicine for which no evidence exists that supports its existence), and related treatments. It was established in 2008 and is published by Elsevier on behalf of the Medical Association of Pharmacopuncture Institute. The editors-in-chief are Pan Dong Ryu and Kwang-Sup Soh (Seoul National University). In an opinion piece for "Forbes" on journals about pseudoscience published by reputable publishers, Steven Salzberg listed this journal as one of the examples of a "fake medical journal", and his critique was repeated in an article written for Monthly Index of Medical Specialities exploring whether acupuncture was a medical sham or genuine treatment.
Research published by the journal was used as an object lesson by New Zealand consumer advocate Mark Hanna illustrating the problems with the lack of scientific veracity in studies of acupuncture:The existence of qi and meridians is not supported by any evidence, and when this practice was developed it was based more on philosophy than evidence. In that way, it’s similar to extinct medical philosophies such as the “Western” medical philosophy of humorism.One aspect of acupuncture that I find illustrates quite well the fact that its development was not supported by evidence is that horses are said to have a gall bladder meridian. This gall bladder meridian has even been the subject of published papers in journals such as the “Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies”. What’s so odd about that, though? Horses don’t have a gall bladder.
Abstracting and indexing.
The journal is abstracted and indexed in: