Heimdal gas field

Heimdal () is an offshore natural gas field in the North Sea located northwest of the Stavanger, Norway. Heimdal serves as a connection hub for processing and distribution of natural gas from satellite fields.
The field was discovered in 1972. The depth of the sea at location is . The field was developed with an integrated drilling, production and accommodation facility with a steel jacket including a riser facility in 1999. The gas from the field is transported to Kårstø as well as to St. Fergus in Scotland. After construction of the Heimdal gas center, a new gas pipeline was connected to the existing one from Frigg gas field to St. Fergus. The gas is also transported to Grane oil field for gas injection. The condensate is sent by pipeline to Brae oilfield. Heimdal also gets gas from the Oseberg field center for further transportation through Statpipe system.
Ownership.
The Heimdal field is operated by Equinor. Partners are Equinor (39.44%), Centrica Resources (23.79%), Petoro (20%), and TotalFinaElf Exploration Norge AS (16.75%). Originally the operator was Norsk Hydro, but after transfer of Hydroäs oil assets to Equinor, Equinor took over operatorship. In summer of 2008, Marathon Oil sold its stake to Centrica for $416 million. Total investment has been 19 billion Norwegian krone.
Reservoir.
The Heimdal reservoir consists of sandstones from Heimdal Formation. The depth is approximately . Recoverable reserves stand at 44.6 billion cubic meter.
Production.
The overall rate of processed gas at Heimdal Gas Center constitutes about 15–20% of Norway's total gas export. Three smaller satellite fields Vale, Byggve and Skirne are also connected to Heimdal field via wells on the sea floor.
Heimdal was discovered in 1972 and started production in 1986. As of January 2019, the field had produced 46 billion standard cubic meters of gas and 7 million standard cubic meters of oil. Veslefrikk came on stream in 1989 and produced over 400 million BOE.
Decommissioning.
Phased work to remove Heimdal and Veslefrikk A from the Norwegian North Sea shelf is planned to be completed sometime in 2025. Equinor has chosen Heerema Marine Contractors for removal, dismantling, and recycling of the topsides and jackets of the Heimdal riser platform, Heimdal main platform, and Veslefrikk A platform. The three contracts have been awarded on behalf of Gassco as operator of the Heimdal riser platform and on behalf of the partners of the Heimdal and Veslefrikk licenses.
The Veslefrikk partners plan to shut down the field permanently in the spring of 2022. Well plugging at the field started earlier this year. A decommissioning plan has been submitted to the authorities. The exact time for shutdown and start of removal will be decided by the Heimdal partners this summer.


Rhamnus taquetii

Rhamnus taquetii, () is a species of "Rhamnus" native to Jeju Island, South Korea. Growing on the slopes of Mt. Halla at elevations above 1200m, it is a bush reaching 1m. The anthraquinone physcion and the flavonoids kaempferol, rhamnocitrin, quercetin, and 3-O-methyl quercetin were isolated from its tissues.


Acalitus calycophthirus

Acalitus calycophthirus is an eriophyid mite which causes big bud galls on birch ("Betula" species) twigs. It is found in Europe and was first described by the Austrian zoologist, Alfred Nalepa in 1891.
Description of the gall.
The gall consists of clusters of swollen leaves and, at first in the spring, are silvery-green. They gradually turn brown and become quite woody. The gall shelters a large number of mites which spend most of the year there, passing the winter in a dormant state. In the following spring and early summer they emerge to invade the new buds. Affected trees are silver birch ("Betula pendula") and downy birch ("Betula pubescens").
Inquiline.
A mite, "Cecidophyopsis vermiformis" is an inquiline of "Acalitus calycophthirus", as well as an inquiline of "Aceria tenella" on hornbeam and "Phytoptus avellanae" on hazel.


Union Slough National Wildlife Refuge

Union Slough National Wildlife Refuge, located in Kossuth County, Iowa, was established in 1938 to provide a refuge and breeding ground for waterfowl and other migratory birds. The actual slough is all that remains of a pre-glacial riverbed, and its name is derived from the connection or "union" of two watersheds: the Blue Earth River of Minnesota and the East Fork of the Des Moines River. The terrain is nearly flat, allowing the flow of the water to be determined by the direction of the wind at times.
The refuge is on the eastern edge of the tallgrass prairie region of the Northern Great Plains, an area known for its agriculture. This refuge surrounded by a sea of corn and soybeans provides vital habitat for a variety of plants and animals dependent upon tallgrass prairie and wetland habitats.


Acacia kochii

Acacia kochii is a shrub belonging to the genus "Acacia" and the subgenus "Phyllodineae".
Description.
The spreading, spiny and intricate shrub typically grows to a height of . It has glabrous branches with long thorns. It has clusters of phyllodes found in the nodes. The phyllodes have an asymmetrically narrowly oblong-elliptic to narrowly oblanceolate shape with a length of and a width of . It produces yellow flowers in August. The simple inflorescences occur singly or in groups of two or three. The flower-heads are shortly cylindrical or have an obloid shape with a length of and a diameter of with golden flowers. The seed pods that form after flowering resemble a sting of beads with a length of up to and a width of . The dull black seeds in the pods have an elliptic shape.
Distribution.
It is native to an area in the Wheatbelt and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia between Yalgoo in the north to Moora in the south growing in clay or loamy-sandy soils.


Gastrolobium praemorsum

Gastrolobium praemorsum is a scrambling shrub which is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a member of the family Fabaceae and produces red pea-flowers from late winter to early summer (August to December in Australia). It is not known whether this species shares the toxic properties of many other members of the genus" Gastrolobium".
Taxonomy.
The species was first formally described by botanist Carl Meissner and published in "Plantae Preissianae" in 1844. Meissner assigned it the name "Brachysema praemorsa". In 2002 botanists Gregory Chandler and Michael Crisp reassigned this species to the genus "Gastrolobium" along with other "Brachysema" species.
Distribution.
It is found between Geographe Bay and Albany. An isolated population at Bullsbrook north of Perth is its northernmost occurrence.


Indjapyx novaecaledoniae

Indjapyx novaecaledoniae is a species of forcepstail in the family Japygidae.


Hymenocallis longibracteata

Hymenocallis longibracteata Hochr. is a bulb-forming perennial native to the State of Veracruz in eastern Mexico. The plant has showy white flowers with a prominent white corona and narrow, reflexed tepals.


Penicillium humuli

Penicillium humuli is an anamorph species of the genus of "Penicillium".


Lake Metigoshe State Park

Lake Metigoshe State Park is a public recreation area occupying some on the shores of Lake Metigoshe in the Turtle Mountains, 14 miles northeast of Bottineau, North Dakota, on the Canada–US border. The state park lies adjacent to the southwest corner of the much larger Turtle Mountain Provincial Park in Manitoba. A small portion of the lake extends northward into the Rural Municipality of Winchester but is not part of either park.
History.
The name Lake Metigoshe is derived from the Ojibwe phrase "mitigoshi-waashegami-zaaga'igan" meaning "clearwater lake of scrub-oaks." The area was also once home to the Blackfoot, Hidatsa, and Assiniboine peoples.
The park was developed by workers with the WPA who arrived at the site beginning in 1934. Their improvements included construction of a lodge, recreation rooms large enough for 200 people, roads, and various out buildings. A stone inscribed "WPA 1938" found near the park entrance commemorates their work. The park was formally established on February 17, 1937.
Activities and amenities.
The park offers swimming, canoeing, sailing, water-skiing and other water sports, modern and primitive camping areas, and picnicking. Lake Metigoshe has northern pike, walleye, and perch for fishing. Winter activities include snowmobiling, cross-country skiing, skating, sledding, and ice fishing. The Turtle Mountain Outdoor Learning Center offers ecology, conservation, and outdoor recreation programs.
Events.
The Club de Skinautique water-skiers practice and perform on Lake Metigoshe. Known as the "Skinautiques," the club has performed water skiing shows every summer since 1958.


Globocassidulina elegans

Globocassidulina elegans is a species of foraminifera. It is a marine species found in the Japanese and New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zones.


Scamaphis equestris

Scamaphis equestris is a species of mite in the family Eviphididae.


Campodea blandinae

Campodea blandinae is a species of two-pronged bristletail in the family Campodeidae.


Ricker Pond State Park

Ricker Pond State Park is a state park in Groton, Vermont in the United States. It is one of seven state parks located in Groton State Forest. The park is just off Vermont Route 232. The park provides public access to Ricker Pond, a lake in central Groton, and was developed in the 1930s by crews of the Civilian Conservation Corps. Activities includes camping, motor boating, waterskiing, fishing, swimming, paddling, horseback riding, hiking, mountain biking, snowshoeing and cross-country skiing. The park is open between the Memorial Day and Columbus Day weekends; fees are charged for day use and camping.
Features.
Ricker Pond State Park is located near the geographic center of the town of Groton, on the east side of Groton State Forest, the state's second largest state forest. Ricker Pond is a roughly teardrop-shaped body of water with its outlet at the southeastern end. Vermont Route 232 runs roughly westward past the southeastern end, creating a triangular wedge of land between it and the southern shore of the pond. The park facilities are located in that area. The park entrance is at the western end of the park, with stone-posted gate and gatehouse, and CCC-built rangers' quarters nearby. Gravel roads provide access to three separate areas of the waterfront. Section A, the westernmost, has a loop of leanto camp sites and a boat launch. Section B is a tent camping area, and includes a 1938 CCC-built picnic pavilion and a sandy beach area. Section C, at the eastern end of the park, provides tent and trailer camping, and includes a small cabin that is available for rent.
In addition to the water-based facilities, the park provides access to the trail networks of the surrounding state forest. The Montpelier-Wells River Rail Trail (Cross Vermont Trail) runs through the middle of the park.
History.
The outlet of Ricker Pond was the site of one of the first industrial sites in Groton, when Edmund Morse, one of the town's first settlers, built a sawmill and gristmill there in 1783. He sold the mills to Amaziah Ricker in 1827, and they remained in operation by the Ricker family until 1963. Construction of the railroad through the valley in the mid-19th century helped draw tourists to the area's scenic beauty. The state began purchasing land around Ricker Pond in 1919. The park was formally opened in 1933, its early facilities developed by crews of the Civilian Conservation Corps, a Depression-era jobs program. Surviving elements built by the CCC include the basic road network, the central picnic pavilion and beach, the ranger quarters, and a number of surviving stone fireplaces. The park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002 in recognition of the historical significance of these elements.


Phylloporus veluticeps

Phylloporus veluticeps is a species of fungus in the family Boletaceae.


Mount Peale

Mount Peale is the highest point in the La Sal Mountains of San Juan County, in the southeastern part of Utah, United States. It is also the highest point in Utah outside the Uinta Mountains. It is located about southeast of Moab. The summit is the highest point in the Manti-La Sal National Forest and the Mount Peale Research Natural Area. Mount Peale was named for Albert Peale, a mineralogist on the Hayden Survey of 1875.
The La Sal Mountains sit on the arid Colorado Plateau, near such famous desert landmarks as Canyonlands National Park and Arches National Park. However, due to their height, the La Sals are heavily forested and usually snow-capped until early summer (there is one snowfield on the north side that usually lasts year round). Mount Peale can be seen on a clear day from the Wasatch Plateau of central Utah, near Orangeville, over away.
Mount Peale can be accessed from various directions, but is most commonly climbed from the area of La Sal Pass, , about to the southwest of the peak. La Sal Pass is accessed from the southeast via a graded gravel road. From the pass the summit is obtained by a short but steep off-trail hike of about with about of elevation gain. The route often involves some travel on snow, even in summer.


East Harbor State Park

East Harbor State Park is a public recreation area located northwest of Sandusky, Ohio on the shores of Lake Erie. The state park includes beach, campground, marina, and wetland wildlife preserve areas. The park offers swimming, boating and fishing, of multi-use trails, picnicking, hunting, and disc golf.
Beach.
A thin stretch of sand beach juts northward into the waters of Lake Erie, separating Middle Harbor from the lake. Part of this beach was damaged in 1972 by a storm washing away a large section of the two-mile (3 km) beach. The current beach is a much smaller area to the north of the park, where swimming is permitted. Four segmented offshore breakwaters have been constructed on the northern section of beach, to sustain what is left of the sandy shoreline.


Ortholasma coronadense

Ortholasma coronadense is a species of harvestman in the family Nemastomatidae. It is found in North America.


Agaricus albolutescens

Agaricus albolutescens is a moderate-sized, stocky-statured mushroom with a pleasant odor; it bruises slowly but persistently yellow. This character distinguishes it from other "Agaricus" species, such as "Agaricus xanthodermus", a mildly toxic species which has a phenolic or medicinal odor, and bruises fleetingly yellow. Fieldmarks of "Agaricus albolutescens" include a tendency to discolor tawny-brown, rather than merely yellow, and chocolate-brown free gills. "Agaricus silvicola" is very similar but has a less dramatic bruising reaction, more yellowish than tawny, a normal rather than stocky stature, and slightly smaller spores. "A. albolutescens" and "A. silvicola" represent a single polymorphic species or a species complex.
Description.
Pileus.
The cap is 6–12 cm broad, and convex; it becomes planoconvex to planodepressed. The margin is incurved, then decurved, overlapping the gills. Occasionally, it is wavy and appendiculate from veil fragments. The surface is dry and white; when bruised, it turns tawny-brown. The context varies from 1.5 to 2.0 cm thick; it is firm and turns pale-peach when cut. When the flesh is dry, odor and taste is musty. "Albolutescens", in botanical Latin, which has developed a much richer vocabulary of color words than the Romans had, signifies a yellowish white.
Lamellae.
The gills are free, close, and, at first, pallid, though they then turn a pale pinkish-tan. As it ages, "A. albsolutescens" is dark chocolate-brown in color. The lamellulae are in five to six series.
Stipe.
The stipe is 2.0-7.0 cm long, 1.5-3.0 cm thick, and more or less equal except for a bulbous base. In addition, it has a narrow, cottony central core. The surface of the apex is palled and finely striate, while the lower stipe can vary from glabrous to sparsely covered with whitish fibrils, occasionally sheathed with cottony-floccose veil remnants. Like the cap, it yellows. The partial veil is layered. The surface underneath can be cottony or fibrillose. Sometimes, it fragments, leaving scattered cottony patches over a membranous-tomentose basement layer. The annulus is superior, thin, and initially erect, then pendulous.
Spores.
Spores are 6.0-7.5 x 4.0-5.0 µm, elliptical, and inequilateral in profile. In addition, they are smooth, moderately thick-walled, and have an inconspicuous hilar appendage. Their germ pore is absent.
Taxonomy.
The holotype of Agaricus albolutescens was collected at Agate Beach, Oregon by Gertrude S. Burlingham on November 21, 1937.


Artemisia alaskana

Artemisia alaskana, the Alaskan sagebrush or Alaskan wormwood or Siberian wormwood, is a North American species of plants in the sunflower family. It is found in British Columbia, the Yukon, the Northwest Territories, and Alaska. Some authors have considered it as a subspecies as the Russian species "A. kruhsiana."
Uses.
Alaskan wormwood is used by the larvaes of butterflies which are pollinating it. The plant is an important ingredient in some French cuisines, which chefs use as a flavorer. The plant has a medical purpose as well. It can be used as a cough medicine, lowers fever, cures colic and headache, and is great against intestinal parasites and malaria. The shrub emits a strong odor and has a bitter taste related to the terpenoids and sesquiterpene lactones within its cells.
The plant is used in various cosmetics such as enemas, infusions, lotions, and poultices. It is also used in breweries, and can be used as oil to repel fleas and moths from clothes. Moreover, it can be used as an anthelmintic, febrifuge, and stomachic. The plant requires full sun and partial shade, and a dry soil.


Moose Hill Wildlife Sanctuary

Moose Hill Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary located in Sharon, Massachusetts. The property is the oldest property of the Massachusetts Audubon Society, established in 1916. It is adjacent to Moose Hill Farm, which is owned by the Trustees of Reservations.
The Moose Hill parking area and nature center is located at 293 Moose Hill Street in Sharon. The nature center displays rotating exhibits throughout the year. The sanctuary consists of habitats including forest, freshwater marsh, meadow, eskers and kettle holes. Over 160 species of birds have been observed on the property. There is a bird checklist available
Programs.
Moose Hill has many public programs. There is an outdoor summer day camp for children 3 - 14. Additionally, for adults, there are various clubs and programs. For example, instructors are available to demonstrate how to make maple syrup during maple sugaring season.
Trails.
The of trails in Moose Hill include:


Aechmea tonduzii

Aechmea tonduzii is a plant species in the genus "Aechmea". This species is native to Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador.


Alnus maximowiczii

Alnus maximowiczii, commonly known as montane alder, is a species of alder tree native to Japan, Korea, and the Russian Far East (Sakhalin, Primorye, Khabarovsk, Kuril Islands).


Gastrolobium lehmannii

Gastrolobium lehmannii or Cranbrook Pea is a vulnerable shrub in the family Fabaceae which is endemic to an area of Western Australia.
Description.
It is an erect domed shrub, growing to high with soft hairy branches and oblong leaves. The pea blooms between September and October producing orange, yellow and red flowers.
It is not known whether this species shares the toxic properties of many other members of the genus "Gastrolobium".
Status.
"G. lehmannii" was listed as "rare" under Western Australia's "Wildlife Conservation Act 1950". In 2006 the plant was listed as "vulnerable" under the "Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999".
Taxonomy.
The species was first formally described in 1844 by botanist Carl Meissner. In 1995, botanist Michael Crisp placed the species in the genus "Nemcia". In 2002, Chandler et al returned it to the "Gastrolobium".
Distribution.
It was first collected by James Drummond (botanist) in 1841, and later by Charles Gardner in 1919 between Cranbrook and the Stirling Ranges and from the Blackwood River area.
It was presumed to be extinct but found again in 2000 to 2002. Programmes have been initiated to conserve the remaining plants.


Bulbophyllum armeniacum

Bulbophyllum armeniacum is a species of orchid in the genus "Bulbophyllum".


CPC Corporation

CPC Corporation () is a state-owned petroleum, natural gas, and gasoline company in Taiwan and is the core of the Taiwanese petrochemicals industry.
History.
Early history.
CPC was founded on 1 June 1946 in Shanghai as Chinese Petroleum Corporation (中國石油) by the government of the Republic of China (ROC, then on Mainland China). With the Kuomintang's retreat to Taiwan after the Chinese Civil War, CPC was transferred from the Council of Resources to the Ministry of Economic Affairs. The company merged all relevant facilities and companies (Japanese 6th Naval Fuel Depot, Teikoku Oil, Nippon Oil, etc.) in Taiwan. Its main businesses include surveying, extracting, refining, transporting, and selling petroleum. It also produces various chemicals and has retail outlets all over Taiwan. CPC's fixing of petrol prices helped Taiwan through the 1970s Energy Crisis.
Democratization and modern history.
Taiwan's petroleum industry was a CPC monopoly prior to June 1996. However, deregulation allowed the establishment of privately owned and operated petroleum refinery enterprises, leading to Formosa Plastics Group's launch of Formosa Petrochemical Corporation (台塑石化). In February 2007, the company's board approved name change to "CPC Corporation Taiwan" and the Chinese name from 中國石油 to 台灣中油. This was to avoid confusion with PetroChina, the China state-run corporation which also has the Chinese name 中國石油, and was part of government efforts to desinicize Taiwanese entities which have "China" their names. However, the Kuomintang political party argued that the name change is not valid because no legislation was passed in the legislature to support it. KMT believes that the approval of the Legislative Yuan is required before a state-owned company can change its name.
In December 2018, production started at the Prelude floating liquefied natural gas facility in Australia, which is the world’s largest floating production structure. The company holds shares alongside investors Shell, Inpex Corporation, and Korea Gas Corporation.
In 2019 a Norwegian tanker named Front Altair carrying a cargo of naphtha for CPC Corporation was attacked in the Gulf of Oman. The entire NT$1.07b (US$34m) cargo was lost but the crew escaped unharmed and the cargo was insured. After insurance CPC Corporation incurred direct costs of NT$8m (US$254,000) associated with the incident. The cargo represented two days of Taiwanese consumption but had minimal impacts as the company had 45 day supply in reserve.
In 2020 the first shipment of carbon-neutral liquified-natural gas arrived at CPC’s Yung-An LNG Terminal in Kaohsiung. The shipment was the first in a new program designed to render fuel imports carbon-neutral by buying carbon credits on the global market. The initial purchase from Shell Eastern Trading was for credits certified by the UN’s REDD+ program which supports forests in developing countries.
In 2020 CPC saw the first shipment of crude from the Chadian Oryx field, CPC had first begun exploration in Chad in 2006.
Facilities.
In 2019 CPC announced the construction of a third LNG terminal, a facility in Taoyuan expected to be completed by 2023 with an initial capacity of 1 million tonnes per year (tpy).
In 2019 CPC received approval from the Environmental Protection Administration to construct a LNG terminal in Taichung.
Suppliers.
CPC Corporation was a historic buyer of Iranian oil and received a sanctions waiver from the United States when they imposed sanctions on Iranian oil imports. Despite receiving a sanctions waver CPC Corporation chose to end its use of Iran as a source country.
In 2018 CPC signed an agreement with American Cheniere Energy to purchase liquefied natural gas for 25 years. Deliveries are set to begin in 2021.


Sophora howinsula

Sophora howinsula, commonly known as lignum vitae or Lord Howe kowhai, is a flowering plant in the legume family. The specific epithet refers to the island to which the species is endemic.
Description.
It is a tree, growing to 10 m, sometimes 15 m, in height. The wood is hard and durable and was used for house stumps and fence posts. The pinnate leaves are 5–10 cm long. The 1.5–2 cm long yellow pea flowers are produced in racemose inflorescences. The 7–12 cm long pods each contain 5–10 smooth, orange-brown, ellipsoidal, 7 mm long seeds. The flowering season is from mid-July to mid-September.
Distribution and habitat.
The plant is endemic to Australia’s subtropical Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea. It has a locally common, scattered distribution through the island's lowland hills.


Narrow Hills Provincial Park

Narrow Hills Provincial Park is provincial park in Saskatchewan, Canada. It contains a series of recreational facilities and a variety of lakes within its boundaries. These include the Gem Lakes, Lower Fishing Lake, Upper Fishing Lake and others.
The park was established in 1934 as Nipawin Provincial Forest (later renamed Nipawin Provincial Park), and was renamed Narrow Hills in the 1990s. The park's boundaries were also changed with the renaming.
The town of Smeaton is located 70 km south.
Recreation.
Narrow Hills offers a variety of recreational facilities and opportunities. These include sport fishing, hiking, and camping. The park contains 25 bodies of water suitable for fishing and another 30 within an hour's drive. In addition to the native walleye, yellow perch, lake whitefish and northern pike, the park contains stocked trout species including brown, lake, brook, cutthroat, rainbow and tiger.


Sigmoria nigrimontis

Sigmoria nigrimontis is a species of flat-backed millipede in the family Xystodesmidae. It is found in North America.
Subspecies.
These four subspecies belong to the species "Sigmoria nigrimontis":


Whitsunday Islands National Park

Whitsunday Islands is a national park in Queensland, Australia, northwest of Brisbane. It contains Whitsunday Island and 31 others.
Geography.
The Whitsunday Islands lie midway along Australia's Queensland coast and are bordered by the Great Barrier Reef and the waters of the Coral Sea. Migrating humpback whales favour the waters around the Whitsunday Islands as a calving ground between May and September each year. Marine stingers are found in the waters of the islands between October and May.
The region spans from the beaches of Bowen in the north and Laguna Whitsundays in the south. All 74 of the islands are surrounded by the Great Barrier Reef and only eight of them are inhabited.
On Whitsunday Island is the six km long Whitehaven Beach. The beach has camping and picnic facilities in its foredunes. A walking track links to Chance Bay.
Access.
Access is by private or commercial boat from Airlie Beach or Shute Harbour.


Adenanthos argyreus

Adenanthos argyreus, commonly known as little woollybush, is a species of erect shrub endemic to southwest Western Australia.
The shrub has an erect and compact habit and typically grows to a height of . It blooms between May and February producing pink-red flowers.
It is found among areas of low scrub in the southern Wheatbelt and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia where it grows in sandy-clay soils that can contain gravel.


Tolland State Forest

Tolland State Forest is a publicly owned forest with recreational features covering in the towns of Otis, Tolland, Blandford and Sandisfield in the southern Berkshire Hills of Massachusetts. The state forest centers on the Otis Reservoir, the largest body of water for recreational use in western Massachusetts. The forest is managed by the Department of Conservation and Recreation.
History.
The state forest was created with the state's purchase of cut-over lumber lands in 1925. A Civilian Conservation Corps camp opened here in 1933. The Corps created the day-use and camping areas on the peninsula that extends into Otis Reservoir. In 1966, the state expanded the forest through the purchase of the reservoir and surrounding lands.
Activities and amenities.
Forest trails are available for hiking, mountain biking, off-road vehicles, and cross-country skiing. The campground includes sites for tents and RVs. The day-use area offers swimming, picnicking, and a boat ramp. The reservoir is stocked in spring and fall with trout by the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries & Wildlife. The forest also offers educational programs and restricted hunting.


Gentianella cerina

Gentianella cerina (common name - Auckland Island gentian) is a plant species in the Gentianaceae family, endemic to the Auckland Islands of New Zealand.
Description.
"Gentianella cerina" has a thick trunk (caudex) which may be unbranched or branched and of a height from 110–200 mm. There are 3–12 flowering stems per plant (1.1–3.1 mm in diameter) and these may be terminal or lateral. The lateral flowering stems spread horizontally with the ends growing upwards (i.e., they are decumbent). The leaves are elliptic, 36.6–53.1 by 8.4–12.6 mm) and are flat, with thickened margins. The leaf apex is rounded and the distinct petiole is 11–13 mm by 4.7–6.3 mm. Leaves on flowering stems are the same but smaller. There are 15 to more than 100 flowers per plant, which are 9.9–14.1 mm long. The calyx is 9.3–12.2 mm long and there are hairs at calyx–corolla fusion line. The corolla is 8.4–11.8 mm long, and white or tinted red to purple, with colourless or purple veins. The tube is 2.1–4.4 mm long and the lobes are 6.3–8.8 by 3.8–5.0 mm. The pollen is yellow and the stigma is purple or colourless. There are 13–37 ovules per ovary, and the capsule is 6.5–12 mm long. It flowers from December to April.
Taxonomy.
It was first described in 1844 by Joseph Dalton Hooker as "Gentiana cerina". Its currently accepted name is "Gentianella cerina", having been assigned to the genus "Gentianella" by the authors, Ho and Liu in 1993.
Conservation status.
In both 2009 and 2012 it was deemed to be "At Risk - Naturally Uncommon" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, and this classification was reaffirmed in 2018, due to the species being an island endemic and having a restricted range.


Euschoengastia peromysci

Euschoengastia peromysci is a mite in the genus "Euschoengastia" of the family Trombiculidae. Recorded hosts include the cotton mouse ("Peromyscus gossypinus") and marsh rice rat ("Oryzomys palustris") in Georgia; the northern short-tailed shrew ("Blarina brevicauda"), northern red-backed vole ("Myodes gapperi"), northern flying squirrel ("Glaucomys sabrinus"), rock vole ("Microtus chrotorrhinus"), white-footed mouse ("Peromyscus leucopus"), and deermouse ("Peromyscus maniculatus") in Tennessee; and northern red-backed vole, southern bog lemming ("Synaptomys cooperi"), masked shrew ("Sorex cinereus"), and eastern red squirrel ("Tamiasciurus hudsonicus") in North Carolina, among others.


Mallotus repandus

The climbing liana, sometimes a shrub, Mallotus repandus, is a species of plant in the Euphorbiaceae, or spurge, family. It is native to Tropical and Sub-tropical Asia, Wallacea, New Guinea and Queensland on the Australian continent and New Caledonia.
Description.
Usually growing as a liana, sometimes a climbing shrub or a shrub, it can grow 5-10 tall or in length, at times the stems can be up to 22 cm in diameter.
It is one of the only "Mallotus" species to grow as a liana.
Bark is dark brownish grey.
Branchlets, petioles and inflorescences are dull yellowish-brown. The blaze (longitudinal cut of the bark) is finely layered, with an odour of green peas ("Pisum sativum"). The simple and broad leaves are slightly peltate.
Flowers are yellowish. It flowers in China from March to May, and fruits from June to September.
The species can be distinguished from other "Mallotus" species, by its being a climber and that its upper leaf surface have more than 2 marginal extrafloral nectaries, and that its fruits are (1-or) 2- or 3-locular.
A molecular phylogeny study has "M. repandus" as a sister species of "M. phillippensis" (Lam.) Muell.Arg.
The indumentum/hairs on the leaves of the plant are simple and multicellular, a trait only found amongst the "Mallotus" genera in the closely related "M. philippensis".
Habitat.
The climber/shrub grows locally scattered in the understorey of primary to secondary forest, and in disturbed sites and scrub. It can be found at forest edges, mangrove swamp edges, road and river sides, ridges, steep slopes and dry ground. It is able to grow on various soil types, including those derived from limestone and granite, on sandy loam and rocky soils. It occurs from sea level to 1500m altitude. It generally flowers and fruits throughout the year.
Grows in both lowland and upland rain forest in Queensland, at elevations from near sea level to 750m.
In Southeast Asia, the liana/shrub occurs in secondary vegetation formations or on the edges of dense forests.
In China it is found in thickets, forest and their fringes, hills and mountain valleys below 100m.
The plant is sometimes harmed by infestation with the parasite plant "Cuscuta japonica" ("Japanese dodder"). It provides food for the moth "Acrocercops zopherandra".
It is one of three "Mallotus" species that host the fungus "Cercospora malloti".
Distribution.
New Caledonia, Queensland (where it is found in Cape York Peninsula, the northeast and the southeast. but not coastal central Queensland), New Guinea, Lesser Sunda Islands, Maluku, Sulawesi, Jawa, Borneo, Philippines, Taiwan, North-central, Southeast and South-central Zhongguo/China (including Guangxi, Hainan, Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui, Henan, southern Shanxi, southern Gansu, Hubei, Sichuan, southern Jiangxi, Hunan, Guizhou and Yunnan), Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatera, Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands, Myanmar, Bangladesh, India (including Tripura, Assam, Sikkim, West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala, East Himalaya, Nepal, Sri Lanka.
While widespread, it is absent in certain areas, such as Borneo.
Common names.
Names for "M. repandus" include:
Uses.
On the island of Rote, eastern Indonesia, the wood of this plant, "bina", is one of two used to make the bars for "meko ai" (xylophone whose bars are made of wood), it is also recorded in an origin myth for this musical instrument.
In Cambodia, the wood is used to make charcoal for powder. In Kut Chum District, central northeast Thailand, it is used in folk-medicine as an antibiotic, while Northeastern Thai people use it to relieve bone-pain, while elsewhere in Thailand the bark is used in ethnomedicine to treat herpes simplex, inflammation and liver poisoning.


Croton persimilis

Croton persimilis is a species of tree in the Euphorbiaceae family. It is native to an area from Thailand in mainland Southeast Asia to southern Yunnan, China and to the Indian subcontinent. It is a pioneer species with a short life span. The plant is used in the traditional medicines of various peoples.
Description.
This tree has leaves that are either coarsely dentate, serrate or crenate, prominently-lobed subglobose fruit some 10 x 8-12 mm in size, and peltate/shield-like indumentum (hair covering on the plant), with rays of scales radiating in 1 plane (at least 80% webbing, rays free of such for only some 20% of total length).
Distribution.
This species is native to Mainland Southeast Asia, southern Yunnan (Zhōngguó/China) and the Indian subcontinent. Countries and regions in which it occurs include: Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; Zhōngguó/China (southern Yunnan); Laos, Myanmar; India (including Assam); Bangladesh; East Himalaya; Sri Lanka
Habitat and ecology.
The tree is a pioneer species, with a short lifespan.
The tree is a pollen source for stingless bee species in the "Lepidotrigona", "Tetragonilla" and "Tetragonula" genera at Nam Nao National Park, Phetchabun Province, northern Thailand.
The tree occurs in bamboo-deciduous forest and deciduous dipterocarp-oak forest in the park.
In the utilized edge of montane evergreen forest of Doi Suthep–Pui National Park, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand, the dominant species were "Glochidion lanceolarium", "Litsea beusekomii", "Schima wallichii", "Erythrina stricta", "Macaranga indica", "Staphylea cochinchinensis", "C.persimilis", "Pinus kesiya", "Litsea martabanica", and "Clausena excavata".
This is a host plant for the Eriophyoidea mite "Cosella crotoni" in Thailand.
The plant is the most abundant tree in the peripheral zone of Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary, Odisha, India, it was pervasive in the buffer zone, but of far lesser presence in the core zone. These zones reflected human interference in the landscape.
Other abundant trees in the peripheral zone were "Shorea robusta", "Glochidion lanceolarium", "Caesalpinia digyna", "Ziziphus oenoplia", "Syzygium cumini" and "Stereospermum tetragonum". In the buffer zone, apart from "C.persimilis", other abundant trees were "Holarrhena pubescens", "Macaranga peltata", "S.robusta", "Terminalia alata", and "Pongamia pinnata".
Uses.
The leaves of the species are used in Thai traditional medicine for postpartum (after childbirth) care.
The bark and leaves, at times boiled, are used to treat a variety of ailments in Na Siao ubdistrict, Chaiyaphum Province, northern Thailand.
Villagers living on the plateau of Phnom Kulen National Park, Siem Reap Province, northwestern Cambodia, use dried pieces of the trunk and branches to make a "green tea" to treat stomachache, and use the wood-chips mixed with other plants in a decoction for postpartum care.
Four ethnic groups living in the Wayanad District, Kerala, India, the Kattunaikkan, Kuruchiyar, Mullakuruman, and Adiyan people, use the plant to treat inflammation.
History.
The species was first described in 1865 by the Swiss botanist Johann Müller (1828-96), known in botany (because of his sharing a quite common name) as Johannes Müller Argoviensis. He specialized in lichens. The description was published in the journal "Linnaea; Ein Journal für die Botanik in ihrem ganzen Umfange", (Berlin).
Justification of the broader spread of this description was published by the Indian botanists T. Chakrabarty and Nambiyath Puthansurayil Balakrishnan in their 2017 publication.
Further reading.
Further information of this taxa can be found at the following sources:


Cheesequake State Park

Cheesequake State Park is a state park located in Old Bridge, Middlesex County, New Jersey, in the United States.
The New Jersey Legislature allocated $100,000 in 1937 to purchase property for the park. The state first acquired a tract of farmland and a Civil War-era mansion from the Favier brothers in January 1938. Additional lands were acquired over the next two years, and the Civil Conservation Corps, part of the Works Progress Administration, helped develop the property. The park was opened in June 1940. It is operated and maintained by the New Jersey Division of Parks and Forestry and is part of the New Jersey Coastal Heritage Trail Route.
The name Cheesequake has been variously described as deriving from the Lenape words "Cheseh-oh-ke" ("upland"), "Chichequaas" ("upland village"), or "Chiskhakink" ("at the land that has been cleared").
Geography, flora, and fauna.
The park's lowlands consist of freshwater and saltwater marsh and a tidal estuary near the mouth of Cheesequake Creek on the Raritan Bay. It also includes hills of Northeastern hardwood forest, open fields, and a white cedarswamp. It includes a small parcel of Atlantic coastal pine barrens, consisting of pine forest in sandy soil, an isolated section of the much larger New Jersey Pine Barrens. It also includes the Hooks Creek Lake, a freshwater lake where recreational fishing features trout, largemouth bass, catfish, and sunfish. Crabbing is also available at the park.
Facilities, activities, and trails.
The park includes an interpretive center and five marked trails for both hiking and mountain biking that run throughout the wooded hills and across long wooden bridges across marshland. The park has designated camping areas available by reservation. Swimming and boating are summertime activities, while sledding, cross-country skiing, and snowshoeing are available in wintertime.
The Garden State Parkway runs through the park near exit 120 but offers no direct access. A road runs underneath the parkway to connect the northern and southern sides of the park. Parts of the park, including a picnic area, are visible from the parkway. Aberdeen-Matawan station (New Jersey Transit) is located about two miles east of the park.


Goose Lake National Forest

Goose Lake National Forest was established as the Goose Lake Forest Reserve by the U.S. Forest Service in Oregon on August 21, 1906 with . It became a National Forest on March 4, 1907. On July 1, 1908 the entire forest was added to Fremont National Forest and the name was discontinued.


Millettia laurentii

Millettia laurentii is a legume tree from Africa and native to the Republic of Congo, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Cameroon, Gabon and Equatorial Guinea. The species is listed as "endangered" in the IUCN Red List, principally due to destruction of its habitat and over-exploitation for timber. Wenge, a dark colored wood, is the product of "Millettia laurentii". Other names sometimes used for wenge include African rosewood (ambiguous), faux ebony, dikela, mibotu, bokonge, and awong. The wood's distinctive color is standardised as a "wenge" color in many systems.
Wood.
Wenge ( ) is a tropical timber, very dark in color with a distinctive figure and a strong partridge wood pattern. The wood is heavy and hard, suitable for flooring and staircases.
Several musical instrument makers employ wenge in their products. Mosrite used it for bodies of their Brass Rail models. Ibanez and Cort use it for the five-piece necks of some of their electric basses. Warwick electric basses use FSC sourced wenge for fingerboards and necks as of 2013. Conklin Guitars and Basses makes use of wenge for bodies, fingerboards and necks. Crush drums use it on their limited reserve wenge drum kit. It is also used by Yamaha as the center ply of their Absolute Hybrid Maple drums.
The wood is popular in segmented woodturning because of its dimensional stability and color contrast when mixed with lighter woods such as maple. This makes it especially sought after in the manufacture of high-end wood canes and chess boards.
The wood is sometimes used in the making of archery bows, particularly as a laminate in the production of flatbows. It can also be used in the making of rails or pin blocks on hammered dulcimers.
The wood may also be used for kendamas. Though a ken could be made entirely out of wenge, it's generally used to substitute a portion of the big/small cups while the rest of the ken is made out of a softer, less dense wood. This concentration of weight in the big and/or small cup facilitates balance tricks such as lunars.
Health hazards.
The dust produced when cutting or sanding wenge can cause dermatitis similar to the effects of poison ivy and is an irritant to the eyes. The dust also can cause respiratory problems and drowsiness. Splinters are septic, similar to those of greenheart (the wood of "Chlorocardium rodiei").


North East Island National Park

North East Island is a national park in North Queensland, Australia, 700 km northwest of Brisbane.


Pinus praetermissa

Pinus praetermissa, commonly known as McVaugh's pine, is a species of conifer in the family Pinaceae. Originally classified as a variety of "Pinus oocarpa" ("P. oocarpa" var. "microphylla") in 1909, it was promoted to specific status in 1990 after further study.
It is found only in western Mexico.


Chondrocidaris brevispina

The "raspberry sea urchin", Chondrocidaris brevispina, is a species of sea urchins of the Family Cidaridae. Their armour is covered with short, conical spines.
"Chondrocidaris brevispina" was first scientifically described in 1925 by Hubert Lyman Clark.


Lupinus guadalupensis

Lupinus guadalupensis is a rare species of lupine known by the common name Guadalupe Island lupine. It is known only from San Clemente Island, one of the Channel Islands of California, and Guadalupe Island off the coast of Baja California. It is a member of the coastal scrub growing alongside other island endemics and more common plants. This is an annual herb growing 20 to 60 centimeters high. Each palmate leaf is made up of 7 to 9 narrow leaflets up to 5 centimeters long and just a few millimeters wide, sometimes linear in shape. The inflorescence bears whorls of flowers each about a centimeter long and blue in color with a white banner patch which may fade pink. The fruit is a very hairy legume pod up to 6 centimeters long and about one wide. It contains 6 to 8 seeds.


Amblyseius meridionalis

Amblyseius meridionalis is a species of mite in the family Phytoseiidae.


Bulbophyllum bracteatum

Bulbophyllum bracteatum, commonly known as the blotched pineapple orchid, is a species of epiphytic or sometimes lithophytic orchid that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has crowded pseudobulbs, tough, pale green or yellowish leaves and up to twenty five cream-coloured to yellowish flowers with purplish or reddish blotches. It usually grows in the tops of rainforest trees.
Description.
"Bulbophyllum bracteatum" is an epiphytic, rarely an lithophytic herb with crowded, wrinkled, pale green or yellowish pseudobulbs long and wide. The leaves are elliptic to narrow oblong, thin, leathery, long and wide. Between five and twenty five cream-coloured or yellowish flowers long and wide are arranged on a bluish flowering stem long with many bracts. The sepals are long and about wide, the petals about long and less than wide. The labellum is yellow, thick and fleshy, about long and wide. Flowering occurs between October and December.
Taxonomy and naming.
The blotched pineapple orchid was first formally described in 1891 by Robert D. FitzGerald who gave it the name "Adelopetalum bracteatum" and published the description in the "Journal of Botany, British and Foreign" from a specimen collected near the Tweed River. In the same year, Frederick Manson Bailey changed the name to "Bulbophyllum bracteatum". The specific epithet ("bracteatum") is derived from the Latin word "bractea", meaning "small leaf".
Distribution and habitat.
"Bulbophyllum bracteatum" usually grows on the highest branches of rainforest trees, rarely on rock faces. It occurs between the Bunya Mountains in Queensland and the Dorrigo Plateau in New South Wales.


Astrebla lappacea

Astrebla lappacea, commonly known as curly Mitchell grass, is a herb of the family Poaceae from the order Poales. The most common of the Astrebla species, a widespread Australian inland plant. Named in honour of Thomas Mitchell. Often seen on floodplains and heavy self mulching clay soils, growing to 0.9 metres tall. Flowering is in response to rain or flooding. This grass is palatable to livestock, even when dry.


Baphiastrum elegans

Baphiastrum elegans is a species of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is found in Africa.


Palaquium ridleyi

Palaquium ridleyi is a tree in the family Sapotaceae. It is named for the English botanist Henry Nicholas Ridley.
Description.
"Palaquium ridleyi" grows up to tall. The bark is brownish grey. Inflorescences bear up to 11 flowers. The fruits are obovoid, up to long. The timber is used for making shingles in Sumatra.
Distribution and habitat.
"Palaquium ridleyi" is found from Vietnam through Malesia to New Guinea. Its habitat is peat swamp and "kerangas" forests.


Tricholoma subluteum

Tricholoma subluteum is a mushroom of the agaric genus "Tricholoma". Found in North America, it was described in 1904 by Charles Horton Peck.


Pheladenia deformis


Warnstorfia

Warnstorfia is a genus of mosses. They are known as in Swedish and in Dutch. It was named in honor of Carl Friedrich Warnstorf.


Lehman Caves National Monument


Governor Dodge State Park

Governor Dodge State Park is a Wisconsin state park outside Dodgeville in Iowa County, Wisconsin. Named after Henry Dodge, the first governor of the Wisconsin Territory, the park contains geologic features indicative of the Driftless Area. It is located 4.1 miles north of the Central business district of the City of Dodgeville.
The land is mostly oak and hickory forest with some sandstone bluff outcroppings and one named waterfall, Stephen's Falls. Common activities include boating (electric motors only), fishing, picnicking and swimming on the park's two lakes, Cox Hollow Lake and Twin Valley Lake. There is a boat launch, dam and a swimming area at each of the lakes. Away from the lakes one can find hiking trails, cross-country ski trails, mountain bike trails and horse trails. Seasonal activities include hunting in the fall and snowmobiling in the winter.
A concession stand is maintained by the Dodgeville Kiwanis near Cox Hollow Beach. Food, gifts, clothing and basic camping gear can be purchased. The stand offers boat, canoe and paddle-boat rentals for visitors to both lakes.
Like most Wisconsin State Parks, Governor Dodge State park allows overnight camping. 267 family campsites, 8 group campsites, 11 family sites for horse campers, 2 group sites for horse campers and 6 backpack sites are available throughout the summer months. Several family campsites are open year-round.
The Friends of Governor Dodge State Park are a group of volunteers working to support recreation, education and environmental stewardship in the park. They hold periodic meetings and host work days to better the park.
Fauna.
There is a large variety of fauna in the park, such as White-tailed Deer, shrew, wild turkey, ruffed grouse, beaver, red fox, gray fox, woodchuck, muskrat, Red-tailed hawk, turkey vulture, pileated woodpecker, barred owl, raccoon and Coyote. There are also more than 150 species of birds.
Flora.
There is also a varied flora in the park, such as trees and flowers. Some types include oak, hickory, white pine, red pine, jack pine, bloodroot, hepatica, Dutchman's breeches, interrupted fern, goldenrod, sunflower, aster, milkweed, boneset, iron weed and mountain mint.


Solidago tortifolia

Solidago tortifolia, commonly known as twistleaf goldenrod, is a North American species of goldenrod in the sunflower family. It is found in the eastern and southern United States, primarily along the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plain from Maryland to Texas.
"Solidago tortifolia" is a perennial herb up to 130 cm (52 inches or 4 1/3 feet) tall, with a woody underground caudex or rhizomes. One plant can produce as many as 300 small yellow flower heads in a large, branching array at the top of the plant.


Eurychone rothschildiana

Eurychone rothschildiana is a species of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. It is the larger of the two species in the genus "Eurychone", with a range extending from Liberia to Uganda, including Nigeria, Ghana, Gabon, Congo-Kinshasa, etc. Its growth habit is monopodial, similar to those species in the genus "Phalaenopsis". The flowers are born on short raceme and the flowers themselves are 6 cm across with a very broad lip. The flowers are white with the lip exhibiting a white frilled border with a large green blotch followed by either a brown or purple throat. There is also a 1.5 cm spur attached to the flower.


County of London Electric Supply Company

The County of London Electric Supply Company Limited was a British electricity undertaking. It was incorporated as a public company in 1891 to generate and supply electricity to parts of south west London and two parishes adjacent to the City of London. It owned and operated power stations at Wandsworth and City Road. From 1925 it cooperated with three other London companies, with the intention of centralising electricity generation in the new, high thermal efficiency, power station at Barking. The company was abolished in March 1948 upon the nationalisation of the British electricity supply industry.
Background.
The County of London Electric Lighting Company Limited was registered on 30 June 1891, to supply electricity to areas of north, south and south west London. The company was granted Provisional Orders to supply electricity as follows:
The Company changed its name to the County of London and Brush Provincial Electric Lighting Company Limited in 1893.  By 1903 it was called the County of London Electric Supply Company Limited.
Operations.
Management.
The Company had five Chairmen between 1896 and 1948:
The Company management board in 1922 was composed of:
The company’s registered address was Moorgate Court, Moorgate Place, London EC2.
Power stations.
The company initially built two power stations, one at City Road and one in Wandsworth.
City Road power station.
The City Road power station was located on the City Road basin on the Regent's Canal (51°31'48"N 0°05'50"W). It had coal-fired boilers generating steam for Brush compound engines coupled directly to Mordey dynamos. The initial plant installed was capable of supplying 80,000 8-candle-power lamps.
In 1923 the plant at the City Road power station comprised:
These machines had a total generating capacity of 10,500 kW of AC and 1,725 kW of DC.
The electricity available to customers was:
City Road power station was not a 'selected station' under the Central Electricity Board's 1926 scheme, as a consequence the Company decommissioned it in 1929.
Wandsworth power station.
"See main article:" Wandsworth power station
The plant at Wandsworth power station used coal-fired boilers and Brush Universal machines coupled directly to Mordey dynamos. The plant was capable of supplying 40,000 8-candle-power lamps. In addition to the power stations, work included the laying of cables in St Luke, Clerkenwell, Wandsworth, Putney, Streatham, Clapham, Holborn and Camberwell.
By 1923 the plant comprised:
These machines had a total generating capacity of 27,500 kW of alternating current.
The electricity available to customers was:
Wandsworth power station was operational until 1964.
Electricity supply.
The business of the company increased to meet the rising demand for electricity. The following table summarises the growth of the company in terms of capacity of the plant, the electricity load, the amount of current sold, and the number of customers.
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Electricity use.
Electricity was originally used for lighting but ‘power’ uses were soon established. The following table illustrates the quantities and changing patterns of use.
Financial statistics.
The capital required to establish, build and operate the business was raised through the offer of shares. Capital expenditure was needed for the purchase of land, buildings, machinery, mains, transformers, meters, electrical instruments, legal costs, fixtures and furniture at the stations. The capital expenditure in 1896 and 1897, associated with the commissioning of the power stations at City Road and Wandsworth, amounted to:
Profits were made through the sale of electricity which provided an income for the Company and its shareholders. An example of the sums involved is shown in the table.
Shareholders dividends were paid throughout the operational life of the company. Dividends expressed as a percentage of the total capital raised in a given year were as shown, together with the average dividends paid by the London company electricity undertakings..
Expansion.
The company expanded its operations, particularly in East London and into south Essex and Kent.
By 1913 the County of London Company was supplying the Metropolitan Boroughs of Bermondsey, Camberwell, Finsbury, Holborn, Lambeth, Southwark and Wandsworth; the Urban Districts of Merton and Morden, Romford, and Tilbury; and the Rural Districts of Croydon, Orsett and Tilbury.
To meet the requirements of the expanded supply area, capital expenditure on new plant and equipment was required, as shown on the table below.
Electricity supplies to further areas continued. By 1937 the Company was supplying electricity additionally to: the Metropolitan Boroughs of Barking, Beddington and Wallington, Dagenham, Mitcham, Reigate, Sutton and Cheam and Wimbledon; the Urban Districts of Banstead, Billericay, Brentwood, Carshalton, Caterham and Warlingham, Hornchurch, Thurrock, Wanstead and Woodford; and the Rural Districts of Epping, and Godstone.
The Company supplied users such as the South Metropolitan Electric Tramways and Lighting Company (from 1916, supplying 2,021.0 MWh in 1919); the South London Electric Supply Corporation (from 1917, supplying 5,340.4 MWh in 1923).
Between 1918 and 1936 the Company acquired 14 other electricity companies. It was able to consolidate development over a large area of south east England through its Kent Power Company subsidiary.
In 1920, the County of London Electric Supply Company applied for permission to build a power station at Creekmouth in Barking capable of expansion to 600 MW. To finance the construction the Company issued shares, there were offers in 1921 and 1922. The 1922 offer consisted of 500,000 six per cent cumulative preference shares and 500,000 ordinary shares. Barking A station was built, and was commissioned in 1925.
The County of London Company and three others in south and east London promoted the London Electricity (No.1) Act 1925. The four companies were: the City of London Electric Lighting Company; the County of London Electric Supply Company Limited; the South London Electric Supply Corporation Limited; and the South Metropolitan Electric Light and Power Company Limited. They established a joint committee to specify how generating stations of each company were operated. The companies remained district electricity supply undertakings; although they were physically joined with interconnecting cables. The companies envisaged that power stations such as Barking would provide enough capacity for their electricity requirements. The Act required equal consideration for the interests of shareholders and consumers. Dividends to shareholders were limited to 7 percent per year and the funds that could be carried forward in the accounts were restricted. Profits above these conditions formed a ‘consumers’ benefit’ in the form of lower prices.
The company built Barking B power station which was commissioned in 1933.
Government policy.
Under the terms of the "Electricity (Supply) Act 1926" (16-17 Geo. 5 c. 51) the Central Electricity Board (CEB) was established. The CEB identified high efficiency ‘selected’ power stations that would supply electricity most effectively. The CEB also constructed the national grid (1927–33) to connect power stations within a region.
City Road power station was not a selected station, as a consequence the Company decommissioned it in 1929.
The British electricity supply industry was nationalised in 1948 under the provisions of the "Electricity Act 1947" (10-11 Geo. 6 c. 54). The County of London Electric Supply Company undertaking was abolished, ownership of Wandsworth and Barking power stations were vested in the British Electricity Authority, and subsequently the Central Electricity Authority and the Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB). At the same time the electricity distribution and sales responsibilities of the County of London electricity undertaking were transferred to the London Electricity Board (LEB).
Wandsworth power station was operational until 1964.
Barking A and B power stations were operational until 1969 and 1976 respectively.


Protolophus singularis

Protolophus singularis is a species of harvestman in the family Protolophidae. It is found in the Western US.


Leccinum holopus

Leccinum holopus, commonly known as the white birch bolete, white bog bolete, or ghost bolete, is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae found in northern Asia, Europe, and northeastern North America. It associates with birch trees and is typically found in boggy or swampy areas, often growing among sphagnum moss.
Fruitbodies (mushrooms) of "L. holopus" have convex caps measuring up to in diameter. Often pure white—especially in young fruitbodies—the caps sometimes become flushed with buff or brownish tints. The whitish surface of the stipe is covered with small, stiff, projecting scales (scabers) that become tan or darker in age. Some varieties of "Leccinum holopus" have been described that vary in cap color or staining reaction, but DNA evidence suggests that most are the same taxon. Although the fruitbodies are edible, opinions vary as to their culinary desirability.
Taxonomy.
Initially named as a species of "Boletus" by German mycologist Friedrich Rostkovius in 1844, the fungus was later transferred to "Leccinum" by Roy Watling in 1960. Synonyms resulting from transfer to different genera include: "Krombholzia holopoda" and "K. holopus" (both published by Albert Pilát in 1951); "Krombholziella holopus" (Josef Šutara, 1989); "Trachypus holopus" (Paul Konrad and André Maublanc, 1952), and "Trachypus scaber" f. "holopus" (Henri Romagnesi, 1939). Other synonyms, according to Index Fungorum, include "Leccinum olivaceosum", described from France in 1994, and "Leccinum aerugineum" (1991). "Leccinum holopus" is classified in section "Scabra" of genus "Leccinum", a grouping that includes Northern Hemisphere species associating exclusively with birch.
The specific epithet "holopus" is Greek for "with perfect stalk". Common names given to the fungus include white birch bolete, white bog bolete, and ghost bolete.
Several subtaxa of "Leccinum holopus" have been described. In form "aerugineum", described by Josef Šutara in 2009, the flesh discolors green after injury. The variety "americanum", described by Alexander H. Smith and Harry Delbert Thiers in 1971 from collections made in Michigan, injured flesh stains reddish. Lannoy & Estadès described "Leccinum nucatum" in 1993, a taxon that was later (2007) published as variety "nucatum" of "L. holopus"; no molecular evidence was found supporting the existence of this as a distinct taxon, and it is therefore placed into synonymy with "L. holopus". "Leccinum holopus" var. "majus", described by Rolf Singer in 1966 (originally published by Singer as "Krombholzia scabra" f. "majus"), is another historical variety without independent taxonomic significance.
Description.
Fruitbodies of "Leccinum holopus" have convex to flattened caps measuring in diameter, with a narrow band of sterile tissue surrounding the margin. The caps are initially whitish, but can develop gray, buff, tan, or pinkish tints during maturity; the color may also darken and become greenish with age. The cap surface is initially covered with very fine hairs, but later becomes more or less smooth, often with a sticky texture in age or in moist conditions. The flesh is white and lacks any distinct odor or taste; it can have either little or no bruising color reaction with injury, or may become light pink in variety "americanum". On the cap underside is a porous surface comprising pores numbering 2 to 3 per millimeter, each of which is the end of a tube that extends to deep. The color of the pore surface ranges from whitish to grayish to dingy brown, and has little color reaction to injury, although it may discolor yellowish or brownish. There is a depression where the pores meet the stipe. The stipe measures long by wide. Its whitish surface is covered with scabers that darken in age to tan or darker. The stipe base often stains bluish.
"Leccinum holopus" produces a brown spore print. Spores are somewhat fusoid (spindle-shaped) and measure 14–20 by 5–6.5 µm. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are four-spored and measure 28.5–36.5 by 11.5–12.5 µm. Cystidia on the pores are flask-shaped (lageniform) to fusiform, and 39.0–45.5 by 7.5–9.0 µm, while those of the stipe (caulocystidia) are fusiform, club-shaped, or cylindrical, measuring 39.0–54.5 x 9.1–13.5 µm. There are no clamp connections present in the hyphae of "L. holopus". The cap cuticle is arranged in the form of a cutis—with hyphae that run parallel to the cap surface.
Several chemical tests can be used to help verify an identification of "L. holopus". A drop of ammonium hydroxide solution turns the cap cuticle a pinkish color, but has no reaction with the flesh. A drop of dilute potassium hydroxide (KOH) has no reaction on the cap surface, and either no reaction or a brownish reaction with the flesh. Application of iron (II) sulphate solution does not have a reaction on the cap surface, and either no reaction to slightly olive coloration on the flesh.
Similar species.
"Leccinellum albellum" is similar in appearance to "L. holopus", but grows in association with oak and has a more southerly distribution. "L. scabrum" is a widely distributed lookalike that can be distinguished from "L. holopus" by its larger size and generally darker colors.
Edibility.
Although commonly considered edible, opinions vary on the culinary appeal of "Leccinum holopus" fruitbodies. Michael Kuo, writing in "100 Edible Mushrooms", considers it a good edible; Peter Roberts and Shelley Evans in "The Book of Fungi" say "it is edible, but is said to be tasteless and pappy, so is not recommended." Fruitbodies are optimally harvested when they are young, before the flesh becomes too spongy, and before insect larvae establish themselves. Minimal cleaning is required in the field. The mushroom has a mild, somewhat sweet flavor that is enhanced after brief sauteeing. Drying the mushrooms enhances the flavor, but diminishes the sweetness of fresh mushrooms.
Habitat and distribution.
"Leccinum holopus" is a mycorrhizal species. It fruits on the ground (often among "Sphagnum" moss), singly to scattered in wet areas like cedar swamps, bogs, or soggy forests. Like most "Leccinum" species, the fungus is highly host-specific and associates with birch ("Betula"). In North America, the range of "Leccinum holopus" extends from eastern Canada to New York, extending west to the northern Rocky Mountains, roughly coinciding with the distribution of the paper birch ("Betula papyrifera"). In this range, it is common and fruits from August to October. "L. holopus" var. "americanum" is known only from North America. The fungus is rare in southern Europe, but more common in the "Sphagnum" swamps in the north. In Asia, it has been recorded from Taiwan and Qinghai (China).
Fruitbodies of "L. holopus" are a source of food for fly species such as "Pegomya winthemi" (family Anthomyiidae) and "Megaelia pygmaeoides" (family Phoridae).


Sphaerotheca castagnei

Sphaerotheca castagnei is a species of ascomycete fungus in the family Erysiphaceae. A plant pathogen, it causes a form of powdery mildew.
Description.
The mycelium is abundant and persistent or sometimes inconspicuous, and occurs on either side or both sides of the infected leaves. The perithecia are abundant, scattered or somewhat aggregated, small, usually about 75 µm long, but varying from 60–100 µm. The texture is soft, surface uneven, reticulations very large and irregular, 20–30 µm. The appendages are long, stout, usually colored throughout; but sometimes colorless, flexuous, somewhat uneven in width, and more or less interwoven with the mycelium. The ascus is rather small, elliptical or suborbicular in shape.
Development of the perithecium.
The oogonium and antheridium, which are formed where two neighboring hyphae approach, each contain a single nucleus. The cell wall between these organs is dissolved at the time of fertilization and the male and female nuclei unite, and a fresh wall is laid down between the two organs. Now the wall of the future perithecium beings to form by the development of a number of upright hyphal branches around the oogonium, forming a pseudo-parenchymatous tissue, while the other branches later absorbed grow into the interior of the developing perithecium, while the outer cell walls become flattened and darker in color. Like other species in "Sphaerotheca", "S. castagnei" contains only a single ascus. The cell in which the egg nucleus develops and is fertilized (the "carpogonium") elongates, divides and a curved row of 5 or 6 cells is formed. The penultimate cell of this row contains two large nuclei; while the other cells of the row have one nucleus each. The young ascus develops from this penultimate cell in which the two nuclei fuse following a rapid increase in the size of the ascus; which presses against the inner wall cells of the perithecium and absorbs them. The nucleus of the ascus finally divides three times, producing the nuclei of the eight ascospores; which subsequently are formed by free cell formation. From the half-grown perithecium there arise hyphae which grow out as the appendages. These appendages serve to attach the perithecia to plants.
Spore discharge.
Spore discharge in "S. castagnei" involves the rupture of the cleistothecium; and the escape of the spores from the ascus. This is accomplished by the appearance of a vertical slit in the perithecium, from which the ascus protrudes; swelling to several times the diameter of the perithecium. The walls of the ascus become rigid, the ascospores collect at the apex, eventually being discharged forcibly through the slit. Sometimes an ascus slips out of the perithecium, bursting open to discharge the spores.


Allium prattii

Allium prattii is an Asian species of wild onion native to Assam, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, and China (Anhui, Gansu, Henan, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan). It is found at elevations of 2000–4900 m.
"Allium prattii" has a scape up to 60 cm tall, round in cross-section. Leaves are flat, linear or very narrowly elliptic, usually a bit shorter than the scape. Umbel is hemispheric with many red or purple flowers.


Menegazzia albida

Menegazzia albida is a species of lichen from South America. It was originally described as "Parmelia cincinnata" var. "albida" by Austrian botanist Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1917.


Carex egglestonii

Carex egglestonii, or Eggleston's sedge, is a species of sedge that was first described by Kenneth Mackenzie in 1915.


Prestonia peregrina

Prestonia peregrina is a species of plant in the family Apocynaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.


Penicillium solitum

Penicillium solitum is an anamorph, mesophilic, salinity-tolerant, psychrotolerant species of fungus in the genus "Penicillium" which produces polygalacturonase, compactin, cyclopenin, cyclopenol, cyclopeptin, dehydrocompactin, dihydrocyclopeptin, palitantin, solistatin, solistatinol, viridicatin, viridicatol. P. Solitum forms dark blueish green colonies that are 22–28 mm in diameter on Czaek yeast extract  and it is brownish orange on malt extract agar.  The orange brown color is unique to P. Solitum and can be used to differentiate it from other similar Penicillium species.  P. Solitum has been historically isolated in numerous places including on cheese rinds,  on cured meats and in the antarctic environment. This species was isolated from air dried lamb thighs, on Faore Island. "Penicillium solitum" and Eurotium rubrum are the species which are found during the production of traditional produced Tyrolean smoked and cured ham. "Penicillium solitum" is a pathogen of pomaceous fruit."P. solitum" causes blue rot in pome fruits through its production of polygalacturonase, which breaks down the apple’s cell wall.


Holthuisana festiva

Holthuisana festiva is a species of freshwater crab in the family Gecarcinucidae. The species is endemic to New Guinea.


Actinodaphne montana

Actinodaphne montana is a species of plant in the family Lauraceae. It is a tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia.
The Latin specific epithet "montana" refers to mountains or coming from mountains.


Acer griseum

Acer griseum, the paperbark maple (), is a species of flowering plant in the family Sapindaceae, native to central China. "Acer griseum" is found in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Shanxi and Sichuan, at altitudes of .
Description.
It is a small to medium-sized deciduous tree, reaching tall and wide, with a trunk up to in circumference. The bark is smooth, shiny orange-red, peeling in thin, papery layers; it may become fissured in old trees. The shoots are densely downy at first, this wearing off by the second or third year and the bark exfoliating by the third or fourth year.
The leaves are compound, with a 2–4 cm petiole with three leaflets, each 3–10 cm long and 2–6 cm broad, dark green above, bright glaucous blue-green beneath, with several blunt teeth on the margins.
The yellow flowers are androdioecious, produced in small pendent corymbs in spring, the fruit being a paired samara with two winged seeds about 1 cm long with a 3 cm wing.
Cultivation and uses.
"Acer griseum" was introduced to cultivation in Europe in 1901 by Ernest Henry Wilson for the Veitch Nurseries in the UK, and to North America shortly after. It is one of many species of maples widely grown as ornamental plants in temperate regions. It is admired for its decorative exfoliating bark, translucent pieces of which often stay attached to the branches until worn away. It also has spectacular autumn foliage which can include red, orange and pink tones. Cultivars include the columnar "Copper Rocket."
This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
In 2015, the North America-China Plant Exploration Consortium (NACPEC) conducted an expedition specifically targeting "Acer griseum" for seed collection with the object of increasing the genetic diversity of plants in cultivation. Propagation of "Acer griseum" is somewhat difficult as seeds have the same parthenocarpic tendencies as those of "Acer maximowiczianum".


Palaquium edenii

Palaquium edenii is a tree in the family Sapotaceae.
Description.
"Palaquium edenii" has brownish twigs. The inflorescences bear up to three flowers. The fruits are ellipsoid, up to long.
Distribution and habitat.
"Palaquium edenii" is endemic to Borneo, where it is known only from Sarawak. Its habitat is mixed dipterocarp forests.


Annona sclerophylla

Annona sclerophylla is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Cuba. William Edwin Safford, the American botanist who first formally described the species, named it after its rigidly hard leaves (Latinized forms of Greek , sklērós, and , phúllon).
Description.
It is a bush reaching 2 to 3 meters in height. It has crowded branches. Its rigid oblong leaves are 3–5.5 centimeters long, 8–11 millimeters wide, and have rounded tips which are sometimes capped with a slender point. The leaves are aromatic and smell of nutmeg. The margins of leaves are usually rolled downward. The leaves are shiny and hairless on their upper surface, and densely covered in tawny felt-like hairs on their lower surface except on the midrib. The leaves have 16–18 secondary veins emanating at 90° angles from each side of their midrib and curving back toward the petiole at their apex. Its petioles are 3.5 by 1.5–2 millimeters, covered in reddish woolly hairs, and have a groove on their upper surface. Its solitary flowers are on solitary, extra-axillary peduncles that are 5–13 millimeters long. Its peduncles are covered in small rust-colored hairs and have 1–2 oval bracteoles near their base. Its sepals are united to form a calyx with 3 lobes that are 10 by 10 millimeters and come to a point. Its flowers have 3 thick petals with margins that touch but are not united. It has numerous stamens. The tissue connecting the lobes of the anthers is expanded to form a hood. It has numerous carpels that form a conical gynoecium.
Reproductive biology.
The pollen of "Annona sclerophylla" is shed as permanent tetrads.
Habitat and distribution.
It has been observed growing at elevations of 680 – 1000 meters above sea level.


Macaranga bicolor

Macaranga bicolor is a species of plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It is endemic to the Philippines.


Carex tessellata

Carex tessellata is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family, Cyperaceae. It is known from a single herbarium specimen collected by Richard Spruce from an uncertain location in Ecuador in the nineteenth century.


Securigera elegans

Securigera elegans is a plant species in the genus "Securigera".


Leucospermum saxosum

Leucospermum saxosum is an upright evergreen shrub of up to high, that is assigned to the family Proteaceae. It has lance-shaped, leathery leaves and egg-shaped flower heads of about in diameter, with initially yellow-orange flowers, later turning crimson, from which long styles stick out, giving the flower head the appearance of a pincushion. It is called escarpment pincushion in English. It grows on quartzite soils in the mountains on the Zimbabwe-Mozambique border and in eastern Transvaal.
Taxonomy.
It was described by S. Moore in 1911 from material collected in 1906 by Charles Francis Massy Swynnerton in the Chimanimani District in Zimbabwe. No other scientific names exist. The species has been assigned to the section "Crassicaudex".
The species name "saxosum" means "occurring among rocks".
Description.
"Leucospermum saxosum" is an upright, evergreen shrub of up to high, with many stems originating directly from the woody underground rootstock. The stems are upright, in diameter and have a dense covering of fine twisted hairs and a few long erect hairs. The lance-shaped, elliptic or almost linear leaves of 5½–11½ cm (2.2–4.6 in) long and ½–2½ cm (0.2–1.0 in) wide, with a narrow, wedge-shaped base either or not with a short leaf stalk, and wider towards the tip, usually having three to six teeth near the tip, but these are sometimes absent.
The egg-shaped flower heads of in diameter mostly sit individually but sometimes with two together on the branches. Each flower head is atop a 1–1½ cm (0.4–0.6 in) long stalk and subtended by two or three whorls of overlapping, softly hairy, rubbery, oval bracts long and with a suddenly pointed tip. They cover the common base of the flowers in the same head, which is narrowly cylindric in shape and 2½–3 cm (1.0–1.2 in) long and about ½ cm (0.2 in) wide. The bracts that subtend the individual bisexual flower are very broadly egg-shaped with a pointy tip that embraces the base of the flower. The perianth is 3–3½ cm long, initially yellow-orange in colour, but eventually turning crimson. Its base is fused into a funnel-shaped tube of about long, smooth at its base and with a minutely powdery covering near the top. The anthers are elliptic in shape, about long, lack a recognisable filament and are directly attached near the top of the perianth lobes. The style is 4½–5½ cm (1.8-2.2 in) long, curves slightly towards the center of the flower head, is initially orange in color but becomes reddish over time. It is topped by a slight thickening that is called the pollen presenter, which has a very slim conical shape with a pointy tip, is long, with a small groove that acts as the stigma at the very tip. Subtending the ovary are four awl-shaped scales of about long.
The subtribe Proteinae, to which the genus "Leucospermum" has been assigned, consistently has a basic chromosome number of twelve (2n=24).
Differences from related species.
The escarpment pincushion differs from its closest relatives by the funnel-shaped tube of the perianth, the very slim cone-shaped pollen presenter that is hardly wider than the lower style, the elliptic or lance-shapes leaves with a very narrowly wedge-shaped base or leaf stalk.
Distribution, habitat and ecology.
The species is the only "Leucospermum" species that naturally occurs outside South Africa, although it is also present in Mpumalanga. It can be found at an altitude of 1200–2100 m (4000–7000 ft) in mountain grassland or shrubland with other sclerophyllous plants such as other Proteaceae. Across its range, the average annual rainfall is 1100–1500 mm (45–60 in), most of which falls during the summer, and regular mists occur. On the Zimbabwe-Mozambique border it can be found on dry rocky slopes and on outcrops of Frontier Quartzite, and in Transvaal on the Wolkberg Quartzite that occurs in the eastern slopes of the northern Drakensberg Range. It flowers throughout the year, but mostly between September and December, and is pollinated by birds. The seeds are released from the heads after about two months and distributed by ants. It is very fire resistant because it regrows from its underground rootstock.


Burt Lake State Park

Burt Lake State Park is a public recreation area covering on the south shore of Burt Lake at Indian River in Cheboygan County, Michigan. The state park features over 2000 feet of sandy shoreline, swimming, boating access to the Inland Lakes Waterway, fishing on the Sturgeon River and Burt Lake, and camping facilities.
History.
The park site was first purchased in 1920, with additional parcels acquired through 1939. It was among 13 parks established in 1920 following the creation of the Michigan State Parks Commission a year earlier.


Orconectes marchandi


Diuris picta

Diuris picta, commonly called the granite bee orchid or granite donkey orchid, is a species of orchid which is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has between three and five leaves at its base and up to eight creamy-white to yellow flowers with brownish purple markings. It grows on granite outcrops between Menzies and Lake King.
Description.
"Diuris picta" is a tuberous, perennial herb with between three and five leaves at its base, each leaf long and wide. Up to eight creamy-white to yellow flowers with brownish purple markings, long and wide are borne on a flowering stem tall. The dorsal sepal curves upwards, long and wide. The lateral sepals are long, wide and turned downwards. The petals are more or less erect or turned backwards, spread widely apart from each other, long and wide on a dark green stalk long. The labellum is long and has three lobes. The centre lobe is broadly egg-shaped, long and wide and the side lobes are long and wide. There are two parallel callus ridges long near the mid-line of the base of the labellum. Flowering occurs in September and October.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Diuris picta" was first formally described in 1853 by James Drummond and the description was published in "Hooker's Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany". The specific epithet ("picta") is a Latin word meaning "coloured" or "painted".
Distribution and habitat.
The granite bee orchid grows between Menzies and Lake King in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Mallee and Yalgoo biogeographic regions.
Conservation.
"Diuris picta" is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.


Delphinium uliginosum

Delphinium uliginosum is a species of larkspur known by the common names swamp larkspur and bog larkspur. It is endemic to California, where it is known from very localized populations in the Inner North Coast Ranges. It grows in chaparral, grassland, and other habitat in the hills, generally on serpentine soils. This is a perennial herb producing a hairless, erect stem up to 70 centimeters tall. It can be identified by its leaves, which are fan-shaped, a characteristic unique among the larkspurs, which generally have palmate leaves with narrow, fingerlike lobes. The inflorescence bears up to 45 flowers, each on an upright pedicel which may exceed 10 centimeters long. The flower is blue with the longest sepals 1.4 centimeters long and a spur about the same length. The fruit is one or two centimeters long.


Epiactis ritteri

Epiactis ritteri, the sandy anemone or Ritter's brooding anemone, is a species of sea anemone in the family Actiniidae. It is found in the Pacific Ocean on the western coast of North America in the shallow sub-littoral zone.
Description.
"Epiactis ritteri" is very flat when retracted with a wide, flared pedal base, and can measure wide and high. The column is unarmed with acontia and has no tubercles, but has some small adhesive warts to which sand or other fragments may stick. There may be radiating lines on the pedal disc at the base of the column. There are broad white markings on the oral disc near the base of the tentacles but these do not extend as far as the mouth, a fact which distinguishes it from the rather similar "Epiactis prolifera". The general colour of this anemone is reddish-brown to brown.
Biology.
It is likely that this species is largely inbred because it does not have a planktonic stage in its life history. It is a simultaneous hermaphrodite, producing eggs and retaining them in the body cavity where they are fertilised. When the larvae are sufficiently developed, with their tentacles starting to grow, they emerge through the parent's mouth as juvenile anemones and crawl away to settle nearby.


Mixia osmundae


Ceanothus cordulatus

Ceanothus cordulatus is a species of shrub in the family Rhamnaceae known by the common names mountain whitethorn and whitethorn ceanothus. It is native to California and adjacent sections of Oregon, Nevada, and Baja California, where it grows on mountain ridges and other forested areas. This is a spreading shrub growing usually wider than tall and up to about 1.5 meters. The stems are gray, with the twigs yellow-green in color and fuzzy in texture when new. The evergreen leaves are alternately arranged and up to 3 centimeters long. Each is oval in shape with three ribs and generally not toothed. The leaves may be hairy or not. The inflorescence is panicle-shaped, up to about 4 centimeters long. The flowers are white to off-white with five sepals and five petals. The fruit is a rough, ridged capsule up to half a centimeter long. It has three valves inside, each containing a seed. It is a nitrogen-fixing plant, that is uniquely abundant in old-growth forest conditions when compared to similar types of nitrogen-fixing plants. In addition, Ceanothus cordulatus is known to be an important source of nitrogen patches for significantly longer times than other similar post-disturbance successional shrubs, following disturbance events such as forest fires.


Stelletta kallitetilla

Stelletta kallitetilla is a species of demosponge belonging to the family Ancorinidae. It is native to the tropical western Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. It was first described in 1936 by the American zoologist Max Walker de Laubenfels as "Myriastra kallitetilla" but was later transferred to the genus "Stelletta".
Description.
"Stelletta kallitetilla" is a massive sponge that is usually green or yellow, the colour varying from light yellowish-green to a dark shade of green. The consistency of the sponge is soft but tough, and it often has an osculum at the top. The surface is usually nodular, but may be smooth or bristly, and often has fouling organisms growing on it.
Distribution and habitat.
"Stelletta kallitetilla" is native to the tropical western Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. It grows at depths down to about .
 It tends to grow in seagrass meadows and on the stilt roots of mangroves.
Ecology.
"Stelletta kallitetilla" often harbours the commensal amphipod "Colomastix janiceae", as well as another amphipod, "Leucothoe spinicarpa", in the tubes, holes and crevices of the sponge; in a study off southeastern Florida and the Florida Keys, all the ten individual sponges examined contained the amphipods living inside.


Coccothrinax concolor

Coccothrinax concolor is a palm which is endemic to Haiti.
Henderson and colleagues (1995) considered "C. concolor" to be a synonym of "Coccothrinax miraguama".


Boronia subsessilis

Boronia subsessilis is a species of plant in the citrus family, Rutaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a woody, mostly glabrous shrub with simple leaves and flowers with four petals that are white on the front and green to blue on the back.
Description.
"Boronia subsessilis" is a woody shrub that grows to a height of and is glabrous apart from the stamens. The leaves are simple and sessile, narrow cylindrical long. The flowers are borne singly or in pairs in leaf axils on a pedicel long. The four sepals are thick, broadly egg-shaped and about long. The four petals are white on the front, green to blue on the back, broadly egg-shaped and about long. The eight stamens are flat and hairy and there is a broadly egg-shaped appendage on the anthers. Flowering occurs from May to September.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Boronia subsessilis" was first formally described in 1863 by George Bentham from a specimen collected by James Drummond and the description was published in "Flora Australiensis". The specific epithet ("subsessilis") is derived from the Latin word "sessilis" meaning "sitting" with the prefix "sub-" meaning "under", "from", "somewhat" or "less than".
Distribution and habitat.
This boronia grows on rocky hills and in sand between Toodyay, Denmark and Ravensthorpe.
Conservation.
"Boronia subsessilis" is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.


Genoplesium parvicallum

Genoplesium parvicallum, commonly known as the mountain-top midge-orchid, is a species of orchid which is endemic to Queensland. It is a small orchid with up to twenty five greenish flowers with purplish brown marking and is only known from a mountaintops in the McPherson Range.
Description.
"Genoplesium parvicallum" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single thin leaf long with the free part long. Between fifteen and twenty five greenish flowers with purplish brown stripes are arranged along a flowering stem long and much taller than the leaf. The flowers are about long, wide and as with others in the genus, are inverted so that the labellum is above the column rather than below it. The dorsal sepal is long, wide with a sharply pointed tip and a few hairs on its edges. The lateral sepals are long, wide with a humped base and spread widely apart from each other. The petals are long, wide with a pointed tip and hairy edges. The labellum is about long, wide and purplish with a pointed tip and red hairs on its edges. The labellum quivers in the slightest breeze and there is a small, club-shaped callus in its centre. Flowering occurs between December and February.
Taxonomy and naming.
The mountain-top midge orchid was first formally described in 1945 by Herman Rupp from a specimen collected on Mount Greville and the description was published in "The Queensland Naturalist". In 2002, David Jones and Mark Clements changed its name to "Corunastylis parvicalla". The specific epithet ("parvicallum") is derived from the Latin word "parvus" meaning "little" referring to the small labellum callus of this orchid.
Distribution and habitat.
The mountain-top midge-orchid is only known from the summits of a few mountains in the McPherson Range where it grows in shallow soil over rock ledges with grasses and shrubs.


Lewis and Clark State Park (Washington)

Lewis and Clark State Park is a public recreation area located northeast of Winlock in Lewis County, Washington. The state park occupies one of the last major stands of old-growth forest in the state. The park's include camping areas and trails for hiking and horseback riding. Evidence of the efforts of the Civilian Conservation Corps to improve the park in the 1930s can be found in the park's rustic shelters and restroom facilities.


Chromolaena sagittata

Chromolaena sagittata is a Mexican species of flowering shrub in the sunflower family. It is found in western Mexico, in the states of Sonora, Sinaloa, Nayarit, and Baja California Sur.
"Chromolaena sagittata" is an herb with opposite, arrow-shaped leaves about 2.5 cm (1 inch) long.


Neosminthurus clavatus

Neosminthurus clavatus is a species of globular springtails in the family Sminthuridae, found in Mexico and Central America.


Lidlidda Protected Landscape

The Lidlidda Protected Landscape, also known as the Lidlidda–Banayoyo Protected Landscape, is a protected area of natural springs and surrounding mountain forests in Ilocos Sur on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. It is an important watershed providing the agricultural and household water requirements of the communities in the municipalities of Lidlidda and Banayoyo. It was established in 1936 as the Lidlidda Watershed Forest Reserve through Proclamation No. 79 signed by President Manuel Luis Quezon with an initial area of . In 2000, under the National Integrated Protected Areas System, it was redesignated as a protected landscape area covering its present size of .
Description.
The Lidlidda protected landscape area includes parts of the upland municipalities of Lidlidda and Banayoyo, as well as a small portion of the municipality of San Emilio in Ilocos Sur. It contains several natural springs, waterfalls, rivers, creeks and streams including the Lidlidda and Candon rivers, as well as the Danglas, Cabunao and Laolaoed creeks. It has a mountainous topography of 30%-50% steep slopes with the highest elevation at above sea level. Its soil composition is classified as brown sandy loam. The park also includes the conservation area known as Paraesus Verde (Green Paradise) managed by the local government unit of Lidlidda in Poblacion Norte.
Among the tree species found in the area are teak, molave, raintree, tibig, akleng parang and narra.
The park is accessible via the Santiago–Banayoyo–Lidlidda–San Emilio–Quirino National Road from the main highway of the Manila North Road in Santiago just north of Candon. It can also be accessed from the city of Vigan in the north via the Santa Maria–Burgos Road.


Palms Book State Park

Palms Book State Park is a publicly owned nature preserve encompassing in Thompson Township, Schoolcraft County, in the eastern Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The state park is noted for "Kitch-iti-kipi", the "Big Spring" of the Upper Peninsula.
History.
The Palms and Book Land Company sold the property to the state in 1926, insisting on the name and a ban on camping. John I. Bellaire arranged for the sale of a parcel to the state for $10. The arrangement called for the establishment of a park that would be named after the land company. During the 1930s, workers with the Civilian Conservation Corps assisted in making park improvements that included construction of an observation raft, dock, and ranger's quarters.
The spring.
Kitch-iti-kipi, the spring, is a pool of clear water 400 feet (120 m) across in its largest dimension, and up to 40 feet (12 m) deep. The spring water can be seen from above as it wells upward through the pond's bottom of bedrock limestone and sand, creating a continual pattern of random eddies and cross-currents in the depths of the pond. To the Anishinaabe people that were the original inhabitants of much of the Upper Peninsula, this site was a place of mystery and wonder. The water is 45 °F (7 °C) in both winter and summer.
Since the days of the Civilian Conservation Corps in the 1930s, the state has operated a manually propelled observation raft. The raft, which is fixed by cables, carries visitors onto the spring pond, allowing the depths of the pond to be seen from above. The pond is stocked with trout.
Indian Lake.
More than 10,000 gallons (40,000 liters) of water per minute pass from the pond into nearby Indian Lake. Palms Book State Park protects approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) of lake frontage.


Berberis harrisoniana

Berberis harrisoniana (syn: Mahonia harrisoniana) is a rare species of flowering plant in the barberry family, Berberidaceae. It is known by the common names Kofa barberry, Kofa Mountain barberry, Harrison's barberry, and red barberry.
It native to the southwestern United States, where it occurs in the Sonoran Colorado Desert in far eastern San Bernardino County in southeastern California and in the Sonoran Desert region in southwestern Arizona (Yuma, La Paz, Pima and Maricopa counties).
It occurs in shaded, rocky canyons in the mountains, at an elevation of approximately 800–1000 m.
Description.
This plant is a rounded shrub usually growing up to 1.5 meters tall, sometimes reaching 2 meters. The leaves are trifoliate, with three spine-tipped leaflets each a few centimeters long. The inflorescence is a dense cluster of up to 11 flowers. Each bright yellow flower has 9 sepals. The fruit is a juicy blue-black berry about half a centimeter wide.
The compound leaves place this species in the group sometimes segregated as the genus "Mahonia".


Fomitella

Fomitella is a genus of fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. The genus was described in 1905 by American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill with "F. supina" as the type species.