Boronia penicillata

Boronia penicillata is a plant in the citrus family, Rutaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a low, spreading shrub with pinnate leaves and white flowers with four petals and eight stamens.
Description.
"Boronia penicillata" is a spreading shrub that grows to a height of . The leaves are sessile and pinnate with three or five leaflets, each leaflet linear to narrow wedge-shaped and long. The flowers are borne singly in leaf axils on a pedicel long. The four sepals are egg-shaped, long and the four petals are white and long. The eight stamens are slightly hairy and there is a very short point on the end of the anthers. Flowering occurs mainly from October to November.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Boronia penicillata" was first formally described in 1863 by George Bentham from a specimen collected by James Drummond and the description was published in "Flora Australiensis". The specific epithet ("penicillata") is derived from the Latin word "penicillum" meaning "little tail", "painter's brush" or "tuft".
Distribution and habitat.
This boronia grows in sand and has a disjunct distribution between Toodyay and the Fitzgerald River.
Conservation.
"Boronia penicillata" is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.


Suillus grevillei

Suillus grevillei (commonly known as Greville's bolete and larch bolete) is a mycorrhizal mushroom with a tight, brilliantly coloured cap, shiny and wet looking with its mucous slime layer. The hymenium easily separates from the flesh of the cap, with a central stalk that is quite slender. The species has a ring or a tight-fitting annular zone.
Description.
"Suillus grevillei" is a mushroom with a 5–10 cm (2–4 in) cap colored from citrus yellow to burnt orange, that is at first hemispherical, then bell-shaped, and finally flattened. It has a sticky skin, short tubes of yellow or brownish which descend down to the bottom of its cylindrical stalk (6–10 x 1–2 cm) which is cream-colored turning to reddish brown with a cream-white ring.
It has a thin meat which has consistency at first but then quickly becomes soft. It has an odor reminiscent of rumpled "Pelargonium" geranium leaves.
It grows in the soil of mixed forests, not always at the foot of larch (can be quite some distance away) with which it lives in symbiosis. It grows from June until November.
"Suillus grevillei" is an edible mushroom (without consistency nor flavor) if the slimy cuticle is removed off the cap. This mucousy skin layer is what is known to cause intestinal issues, as is the case with several other "Suillus" such as Slippery Jack ("S. luteus") or Jill ("S. salmonicolor"); often considered to be not worth the work.
Its name is derived from Robert Kaye Greville.
Habitat and distribution.
Grows only under larch trees. Widespread in North America and Europe. In Asia, it has been recorded from Taiwan.
Chemistry.
The fungus produces grevillin which is characteristic of this fungus. The genetic and enzymatic basis for atromentin, the precursor to various pulvinic acid-type pigments, has been characterized (an atromentin synthetase by the name, GreA). A cosmid library (31 249 bp in total) has been made from the genome. The estimated gene density based on the cosmid library is 1 per 3900 bp of genomic DNA. The genome has a GC content of 49.8%.
References.
Works in French.
"This article is based on a translation of the article on the French Wikipedia."


Dryopteris sieboldii

Dryopteris sieboldii is a species of fern in the family Polypodiaceae, native to Japan and south-central and southeast China. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit as an ornamental.
References.


Roscoea auriculata

Roscoea auriculata is a perennial herbaceous plant occurring in the eastern Himalayas, in Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal and Sikkim. Most members of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae), to which it belongs, are tropical, but "R. auriculata", like other species of "Roscoea", grows in much colder mountainous regions. It is sometimes grown as an ornamental plant in gardens.
Description.
"Roscoea auriculata" is a perennial herbaceous plant. Like all members of the genus "Roscoea", it dies back each year to a short vertical rhizome, to which the tuberous roots are attached. When growth begins again, "pseudostems" are produced: structures which resemble stems but are actually formed from the tightly wrapped bases (sheaths) of its leaves. "R. auriculata" is usually 20–40 cm tall, with three to seven leaves. The blade of the leaf (the part free from the pseudostem) is 7.5–20 cm long by 2–2.5 cm wide. The leaf sheath is smooth (glabrous) and purple in colour. At the junction of the blade and sheath there are ear-shaped (auriculate) outgrowths.
In its native habitats, "R. auriculata" flowers between June and August. The stem (peduncle) of the flower spike does not emerge from the leaf sheaths. Several purple or white flowers are produced. Membranous bracts, 2–2.5 cm long subtend the flowers.
Each flower has the typical structure for "Roscoea" (see that article for labelled images). There is a tube-shaped outer calyx, about 3.5 cm long. Next the three petals (the corolla) form a tube longer than the calyx, terminating in three lobes, each about 3–3.5 cm long: an upright central lobe and two slightly shorter side lobes. Inside the petals are structures formed from four sterile stamens (staminodes): two lateral staminodes form what appear to be small white petals, about 1.5–2 cm long, upright and hooded; two central staminodes are fused at the base to form a lip or labellum, about 3.3–4.8 cm long by 3 cm wide. This is bent backwards and split at the end into two lobes.
The single functional stamen has a linear anther, about 1 cm long, borne on a 1 cm long filament. A short spur is formed from the connective tissue between the two capsules of the anther. After flowering, a capsule 2–3 cm in length is formed containing brown seeds.
Taxonomy.
The species was named by Karl Moritz Schumann, a German botanist, in 1904. In 1966, H. Hara reduced it to a variety of a different species, "Roscoea purpurea" var. "auriculata". However, more recent sources have maintained it as a separate species.
The specific epithet "auriculata" refers to the two ear-shaped (auriculate) outgrowths at the junctions of the leaf blades and sheaths.
Evolution and phylogeny.
The family Zingiberaceae is mainly tropical in distribution. The unusual mountainous distribution of "Roscoea" may have evolved relatively recently and be a response to the uplift taking place in the region in the last 50 million years or so due to the collision of the Indian and Asian tectonic plates.
Species of "Roscoea" divide into two clear groups, a Himalayan clade and a "Chinese" clade (which includes some species from outside China). The two clades correspond to a geographical separation, their main distributions being divided by the Brahmaputra River as it flows south at the end of the Himalayan mountain chain. It has been suggested that the genus may have originated in this area and then spread westwards along the Himalayas and eastwards into the mountains of China and its southern neighbours. "R. auriculata" falls into the Himalayan clade as would be expected from its distribution. It appears to be closely related to "R. alpina".
Distribution and habitat.
"Roscoea auriculata" occurs in grasslands, between 2,400 and 2,700 metres in the Himalayan mountains of Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal and Sikkim.
Cultivation.
Jill Cowley notes that "R. auriculata" has been grown in gardens "for many years" under the name of a different species, "R. purpurea". She provides a number of distinguishing features, which include the auriculate nature of the leaves, the bright purple colour of the flowers rather than the paler colours of "R. purpurea", the relatively shorter white lateral staminodes of "R. auriculata", and the latter's deflexed (bent back) labellum.
"R. auriculata", like other "Roscoea" species and cultivars, is often grown in rock gardens. Plants generally require a relatively sunny position with moisture-retaining but well-drained soil. As they do not appear above ground until late spring or even early summer, they escape frost damage in regions where subzero temperatures occur. "R. auriculata" has been described as one of the "most commonly grown and easy species". When grown at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, it was given a position which was sunny in the morning but shaded in the afternoon; it should not be planted in full sun or in too hot a position. Deep violet-purple and white forms are in cultivation. A form with large, richly coloured flowers is grown as "Roscoea auriculata" 'Floriade'.
"R. auriculata" and some of its cultivars were included in a trial of "Roscoea" held by the Royal Horticultural Society from 2009 to 2011. All proved hardy (rating H4, i.e. hardy anywhere in the British Isles), flowering between July and September. The Award of Garden Merit was given to the species and its cultivar 'Summer Deep Purple'. The cultivar is similar to the more typical forms of the species but taller, with many flowers and a long flowering season.
For propagation, see "Roscoea": Cultivation.


Sutorius eximius

Sutorius eximius, commonly known as the lilac-brown bolete, is a species of fungus in the family Boletaceae. This bolete produces fruit bodies that are dark purple to chocolate brown in color with a smooth cap, a finely scaly stipe, and a reddish-brown spore print. The tiny pores on the cap underside are chocolate to violet brown. It is widely distributed, having been recorded on North America, South America, and Asia, where it grows in a mycorrhizal relationship with both coniferous and deciduous trees.
Originally described in 1874 as a species of "Boletus", the fungus has also been classified in the genus "Leccinum" because of the scabers on the stipe, or in "Tylopilus" because of the color of the spore print. Molecular genetic analysis revealed that the lilac-brown bolete was separate from both of these genera, and merited placement in a new genus. "Sutorius" was created to contain this bolete and the closely related Australian species "S. australiensis".
Although the lilac-brown bolete was once considered edible, caution is typically recommended in modern field guides when considering this bolete for the table after several poisonings were reported in northeastern North America. Symptoms include severe gastrointestinal distress with vomiting, diarrhea, and nausea that generally lasts less than 24 hours.
Taxonomy.
The species was originally described as "Boletus robustus" by American mycologist Charles Christopher Frost in 1874, from specimens collected in Vermont. He noted that the cap was "chocolate color, fleshy, and so succulent that it is difficult to dry and preserve". The name assigned by Frost, however, is an illegitimate homonym of a name previously used for a different species by Miles Joseph Berkeley in 1851. Charles Horton Peck published the new name "Boletus eximius" for the same species in 1887. William Alphonso Murrill transferred the species to "Ceriomyces" in 1909, but this genus is no longer recognized, having largely been subsumed into "Boletus".
Various authorities have treated the taxon as either a "Boletus", "Leccinum", or "Tylopilus", depending on which morphological characteristics they deemed most significant. Rolf Singer initially considered the species most appropriately placed in "Tylopilus" on account of the reddish-brown spore print, a taxonomic opinion shared by Alexander H. Smith and Harry Thiers, who wrote "Concerning whether or not the species should be placed in "Leccinum", we can only say that the color of the stipe ornamentation is merely a reflection of the color of the stipe generally and that it does not change color in a characteristic pattern as it ages. For this reason we exclude it from "Leccinum" and agree with Singer that it is a "Tylopilus"." Later however, Singer thought the somewhat scabrous ornamentation of the stipe justified a placement in "Leccinum". René Pomerleau had previously (1959) placed the species in "Leccinum", but this transfer was invalid, as no basionym was specified.
Roy E. Halling designated a lectotype specimen in 1983 from Frost's original collections. Early molecular evidence suggested that the lilac-brown bolete was genetically distinct from the genera in which it had formerly been placed. In 2012, Halling and colleagues published molecular evidence indicating that the species did not belong in either "Tylopilus" or "Leccinum" as it does not share a recent common ancestor with either of those genera. Recognizing its genetic and morphological distinctiveness, they created the genus "Sutorius", with "S. eximius" as the type species. As of 2015, the only other species in "Sutorius" is "S. australiensis", found in Australia.
The generic name "Sutorius" is derived for the Latin word for "cobbler" ("sutor"), referring to Charles Frost's profession. The epithet "eximius" means "distinguished" or "excellent in size and beauty". Although Frost's reason for using this name is not known with certainty, Peter Roberts and Shelley Evans speculate "Perhaps it was the violet-brown colors, which are quite attractive in a formal, nineteenth-century manner." "S. eximius" is commonly known as the "lilac-brown bolete".
Description.
Fruit bodies have caps that are initially convex, later becoming broadly convex to more or less flat, with a diameter of . The cap surface is dry to slightly sticky, with a texture ranging from smooth to somewhat felt-like. Its color is purplish brown to grayish brown to reddish brown; young specimens are often covered with a fine whitish bloom (a delicate, powdery coating). The flesh is whitish, and slowly stains gray-brown when it is cut or injured. It has no distinctive odor, and a mild to slightly bitter taste. On the cap underside, the pore surface is dark chocolate brown to purple brown, and stains dark brown where bruised. The nearly circular pores number up to 3 per millimeter, and the tubes are deep. The solid stipe measures long by thick. Its color is similar to that of the cap, and it has a scurfy surface from a dense coating of purplish to purple-brown scabers.
The lilac-brown bolete produces a pinkish to reddish-brown to amber-brown spore print. The smooth, translucent spores are narrowly spindle shaped and measure 11–17 by 3.5–5 µm. Collections made in Costa Rica have shorter spores (10.5–13.3 µm) and smaller fruitbodies than eastern North American material; Guyanese material also has smaller spores, measuring 9.7–12 µm. These differences are attributed to clinal variation. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are club shaped, four-spored, and measure 23–30 by 7–8 µm. The cystidia on the pore edges (cheilocystidia) are narrowly spindle-shaped (fusoid), measuring 20–30 by 7–8 µm. Cystidia on the pore surface (pleurocystidia) are thin-walled, fusoid to swollen (ventricose), with dimensions of 27–42 by 8–12 µm. There are no clamp connections in the hyphae of "Sutorius eximius".
Similar species.
The Australian congener "Sutorius australiensis" produces somewhat smaller and darker fruitbodies than "S. eximius". The violet-grey bolete, "Tylopilus plumbeoviolaceus", is found in eastern North America and Korea. This species is somewhat similar in appearance, but can be distinguished by its smoother stipe, less brownish colors, and bitter taste. The Asian and North American black velvet bolete,"T. alboater", has a black to grayish-brown cap and grows in deciduous woods. "T. violatinctus", found in eastern North America, has whitish pores, a smooth stipe, and a somewhat paler cap than "S. eximius".
Habitat and distribution.
Fruit bodies of "Sutorius eximius" grow in the soil singly or scattered among leaf litter. A mycorrhizal species, the bolete has been recorded growing in association with plants from various genera, including "Dicymbe", "Dipterocarpus", "Fagus", "Hopea", "Quercus", "Shorea", and "Tsuga". The species has been recorded from North America, Costa Rica, and Indonesia. In Costa Rica, where it usually associates with the endemic oaks "Quercus seemannii" and "Q. copeyensis", the lilac-brown bolete can be locally abundant in the Cordillera Central and the Cordillera de Talamanca. Additional locations with collections that have not been confirmed by DNA analysis include Guyana, Japan, China. Although "S. eximius" has been reported from Thailand, molecular analysis of Thai collections suggests that they represent a distinct, as-yet unnamed species.
Edibility.
"Sutorius eximius" is typically considered an edible mushroom, and listed as so in several North American field guides. Charles McIlvaine and Louis Krieger both wrote favorably of the bolete's esculent properties, but a series of poisonings reported from the New England region and eastern Canada have cast doubt on its edibility. According to Greg Marley, author Roger Phillips was the first to include a toxicity warning in his 1991 book "Mushrooms of North America". Despite its revised status in North America, the lilac-brown bolete remains one of the most common fungi used as food by locals in the Hengduan Mountains region of southwestern China.
Chemistry.
Tylopilusins are novel bisphenol pigment compounds isolated from the fruit bodies of "Sutorius eximius". Tylopilusins A and B were identified in 2012, while tylopilusin C was reported a year later. Other compounds reported to occur in the fruit bodies include gyroporin and caffeic acid.


Salvia granatensis

Salvia granatensis is a species of "Salvia" from southern Spain.


Schuitemania merrillii


Acacia pachyacra

Acacia pachyacra is a tree or shrub belonging to the genus "Acacia" and the subgenus "Phyllodineae". that is endemic to arid parts of central and western Australia.
Description.
The bushy slender tree or shrub typically grows to a height of . It branches near or atnnear ground level into a few erect to ascending main stems. It has a soft, dense canopy that produces a hissing sound in windy conditions much the same as a Sheoak ("Casuarina" or "Allocasuarina") or Athol Pine ("Tamarix") would. It has smooth greenish bronze or reddish brown coloured bark that is often covered in a fine white powdery coating that is grey and roughened near the base of the trunks. It blooms from August to October and produces yellow flowers.
Taxonomy.
The species was first formally described by the botanists Joseph Maiden and William Blakely in 1927 as part of the work " Descriptions of fifty new species and six varieties of western and northern Australian Acacias, and notes on four other species" as published in the "Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia". It was reclassified as "Racosperma pachyacrum" by Leslie Pedley in 2003 then returned to genus "Acacia" in 2006.
The specific epithet is taken from Greek words "pachys" meaning "thick" and "akron" meaning "top" in reference to the thicken mucro at the end of the phyllodes.
Distribution.
It is native to an area in the Pilbara and Goldfields regions of Western Australia. Its range extends from coastal areas of the western Pilbara to around the Docker River then further east into the Northern Territory and to far north western South Australia. In Western Australia it is mostly located in the Hamersley and Ophthalmia Ranges where it is commonly situated on dunes or plains growing in sandy soils but also will grow in rocky red loamy soils with a pebble and along ridges of banded ironstone often in spinifex communities and can form forms dense thickets in alluvial washes.


Ligustrum robustum

Ligustrum robustum grows as a shrub or small tree up to tall though old specimens of more than a hundred years have been observed with a height of . The fruit of the shrub is an ellipsoid berry, bluish-purple when fully ripe,  × .
The shrub is native to South and Southeast Asia (Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar (Burma), Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam) but has become naturalized in other countries. It was introduced to Mauritius at the end of the 19th century and to La Réunion, where it has become a major invasive species. The Flora of China lists a ""Ligustrum" "robustum" subsp. "chinense" " as native to China, but more recent publications have regarded that name as a synonym of "L. expansum."
"Ligustrum robustum" was nominated among 100 of the "World's Worst" invasive species. A moth ("Epiplema albida"), and two coleoptera ("Dermorhytis ornatissima" and "Dermorhytis lewisi") are being tested for biological control programs in La Réunion but have not yet been released. Other lepidoptera that feed on this plant are "Brahmaea wallichii", "Pangrapta grisangula" and "Dolbina inexacta".
Etymology.
"Ligustrum" means ‘binder’. It was named by Pliny and Virgil.


Chorocidaris micca

Chorocidaris micca is a species of sea urchins of the Family Cidaridae. Their armour is covered with spines. Chorocidaris micca was first scientifically described in 1941 by Ikeda.


Nathan Bedford Forrest State Park

Nathan Bedford Forrest State Park is a state park in Benton County, Tennessee, in the southeastern United States. The park is situated on the western shore of the Kentucky Lake impoundment of the Tennessee River, just north of the community of Eva. Established in 1929, the park consists of managed by the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation.
The park is named after Confederate General and Ku Klux Klan leader Nathan Bedford Forrest (1821–1877), who conducted operations in the area during the U.S. Civil War. The park encompasses part of Forrest's operational area during the 1864 Battle of Johnsonville, in which Forrest attacked and destroyed a Union supply depot and transfer station on the opposite bank of the river.
Along with the battle site, features in the park include Pilot Knob, which at is one of the highest points in West Tennessee, and the Tennessee River Folklife Center, which interprets life in the lower Tennessee Valley in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Geographical setting.
The Tennessee River enters the Benton County/Humphreys County area from the south, where it absorbs the Duck River and the Beech River, and proceeds northwestward for another before emptying into the Ohio River. Kentucky Lake, created with the completion of Kentucky Dam in 1944, covers a stretch of the river between Kentucky Dam (near Paducah) and Pickwick Landing Dam, near the Tennessee-Alabama border to the south. Nathan Bedford Forrest State Park is situated along the western bank of Kentucky Lake, approximately upstream from Kentucky Dam.
Pilot Knob is the pinnacle of a ridge that extends approximately northwestwardly to the Harmon Creek valley, along the park's northwestern boundary. Much of the park's topography consists of ridges and hollows that run roughly parallel to Pilot Knob Ridge. The park's offices are located on the slopes of Pilot Knob, and the Tennessee River Folklife Center and hiking trailheads are located at its summit.
State Route 191, which terminates atop Pilot Knob, connects the park to Interstate 40 and U.S. Route 70 to the south.
History.
The Benton County area has been occupied on a semi-permanent basis for at least 7000 years. In 1940, University of Tennessee archaeologists excavated a substantial Archaic period (8000-1000 BC) site along Cypress Creek, near the park's southern boundary. The actual site— named the Eva site after the nearby community— is now submerged by Kentucky Lake. At the Eva site, University of Tennessee archaeologists Thomas Lewis and Madeline Kneburg uncovered 180 human burials and artifacts dating to roughly 5200 BC. The area saw sporadic occupation during the Woodland and Mississippian periods, although the population had dwindled considerably by the 17th century.
By the time Euro-American settlers arrived, the eastern Benton County area was traversed by several well-beaten paths, or "traces." Before inundation, the stretch of the Tennessee River between Benton and Humphreys counties was relatively low, making it a popular crossing point. The Cisco and Middle Tennessee Trace ran north-to-south, connecting the Benton County area with the Pinson Mounds in Madison County to the southwest. Near the modern US-70 bridge, the trail intersected the Lower Harpeth and West Tennessee Trace, which ran east-to-west.
The Battle of Johnsonville.
In the Fall of 1864, at the height of the U.S. Civil War, General William T. Sherman captured the city of Atlanta and began making preparations to march south to Savannah. Hoping to lure Sherman northward, General John Bell Hood initiated maneuvers intended to cut Union supply lines in Tennessee. As Hood moved west, General Nathan B. Forrest moved northeast from Corinth, Mississippi, reaching the Tennessee-Kentucky line on October 28, and proceeding south along the river. In early November, Forrest managed to secretly position his artillery on the west bank of the river, opposite the Federal supply depot at Johnsonville. Although most of Forrest's operations were concentrated around the now-submerged sloughs just north of the modern Eva boat ramp, Forrest did manage to position two guns atop Pilot Knob, which offered a more direct line of fire into the Federal fortifications.
During the war, Johnsonville was established as the western terminus of the Nashville and Northwestern Railroad, which connected the Lower Tennessee Valley with Nashville. Massive amounts of food and munitions were stored at Johnsonville, where they awaited transfer from boat-to-train or vice versa. The position was heavily fortified and guarded by 2,000 Union soldiers and several gunboats. When Forrest opened fire on the morning of November 4, however, Union commanders within the fort panicked. Fearing that Forrest would overwhelm the fort, Union troops burned their gunboats and transport vessels, and attempted to evacuate the fort by train. At Waverly, the train abandoned its load of supplies, and continued eastward to Nashville.
Forrest managed to retreat back to Corinth before the arrival of Union reinforcements. Union losses included 8 dead or wounded and 150 captured. Forrest reported 2 dead and 9 wounded. Union forces lost millions of dollars worth of supplies, ammunition, and vessels, and a rumor that Forrest was marching northward caused a general panic among Union forces in the Ohio Valley. The site of Johnsonville (typically called "Old Johnsonville" to distinguish from the modern New Johnsonville) is now protected by Johnsonville State Historic Park.
Establishment of Nathan Bedford Forrest State Park.
Much of the land along the park's southern section was once owned by the Pafford family, who arrived in the mid-19th century. The Paffords held Independence Day celebrations near the modern park entrance that drew visitors from all over the county, and eventually featured Grand Ole Opry performers. The Paffords aided General Forrest during the Battle of Johnsonville, and eventually served as the park's first caretakers.
In December 1929, the state of Tennessee established Nathan Bedford Forrest Memorial Park atop Pilot Knob, which had been donated by the Paffords. A road was built connecting Eva with Pilot Knob, where a memorial consisting of a granite obelisk had been erected. In the mid-to-late 1930s, the Civilian Conservation Corps and Works Progress Administration arrived to build the park's roads, trails, and facilities.
Facilities.
Facilities at Nathan Bedford Forrest State Park include seven rental cabins, an RV campground, two primitive campgrounds, a 64-person group lodge, and three boat ramps. The park maintains approximately of hiking trails, most of which consists of a loop trail with various shortcuts that can shorten the hike to 3, 5, or 10 miles.
Tennessee River Folklife Museum.
The Tennessee River Folklife Museum is situated atop Pilot Knob at the end of State Route 191. The museum interprets the life and customs of people living along the lower Tennessee River in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The center includes audio and video recordings, old implements used in musseling and a fully preserved 1950s-era jon boat. The museum also houses a small nature center displaying fish and reptiles commonly found in the area.
Controversy surrounding naming the park after Forrest.
After Forrest and the Confederate States of America lost the American Civil War, Forrest became the first Grand Wizard of the white supremacist hate group, the Ku Klux Klan. He held this position of leadership from 1867 to 1869.
By 1866, the year before Forrest became the first Grand Wizard of the KKK, the Klan was using public violence against black people and their allies as intimidation. They burned houses and attacked and killed black people, leaving their bodies on the roads. Due to the Klan's history of white supremacy and racist violence during Forrest's tenure as Grand Wizard (along with General Forrest's troops' massacre of surrendered African-American Union soldiers at the Battle of Fort Pillow during the American Civil War in 1864), controversy has arisen in recent years over memorials and entities named for Forrest, including Nathan Bedford Forrest High School in Jacksonville, Florida, and a proposal in Mississippi to honor Forrest on one of the state's specialty license plates. Nathan Bedford Forrest State Park is often mentioned amidst these controversies.


Algonac State Park

Algonac State Park is a public recreation area covering along the St. Clair River, two miles north of the city of Algonac in St. Clair County, Michigan. The state park's half mile of river frontage offers a view of passing international freighters.
History.
The park was established in 1937 with initial state acquisition of 373 acres of land. Over the next ten years, additional acquisitions increased the park size to approximately 980 acres. Park development began in the 1940s.
Natural features.
Approximately 83% of the park () is undeveloped. The undeveloped portion encompasses significant "lakeplain" prairie and savannas ("oak openings"), described as unique natural environments in Michigan. The park is home to 19 species classified by the state as endangered, threatened, or of special concern.
Activities and amenities.
The park offers shoreline walleye fishing, hiking, camping, cross-country skiing, shooting range, picnicking facilities, and playground.Excellent for watching frieghters and hunting.


Penicillium paxilli

Penicillium paxilli is an anamorph, saprophytic species of the genus "Penicillium" which produces paxilline, paxisterol, penicillone, pyrenocine A, paspaline B and verruculogene. "Penicillium paxilli" is used as a model to study the biochemistry of the indol-diterepene biosysnthesis


Boronia repanda

Boronia repanda, commonly known as the granite rose, repand boronia or border boronia, is a plant in the citrus family Rutaceae and is endemic to an area near the eastern border between New South Wales and Queensland in Australia. It is a small erect, woody shrub with many branches, thick warty, oblong leaves and pink, rarely white flowers arranged singly in leaf axils.
Description.
"Boronia repanda" is an erect, woody shrub with many branches that grows to a height of with its young stems and leaves covered with white, star-shaped hairs. It has simple, oblong leaves that are long and wide, thick and prominently warty, on a petiole long. The flowers are pink, occasionally white and are arranged singly in leaf axils on a pedicel long. The four sepals are narrow egg-shaped to triangular, long, wide but increase in size as the fruit develops. The four petals are long, wide and enlarge as the fruit develops. The eight stamens alternate in length with those near the sepals longer than those near the petals. The style is hairy. Flowering mainly occurs from July to November and the fruit is a hairy capsule long and about wide.
Taxonomy and naming.
The granite rose was first formally described in 1905 by Joseph Maiden and Ernst Betche from an unpublished description by Ferdinand von Mueller. They gave it the name "Boronia ledifolia" var. "repanda" and published the description in "Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales" from a specimen collected near Stanthorpe by John L. Boorman. In 1907 Maiden and Betche raised the variety to species status as "Boronia repanda". The specific epithet ("repanda") is a Latin word meaning "bent backwards" or "undulate".
Distribution and habitat.
The granite boronia is known from nine populations in Granite Belt and Darling Downs areas of south-east Queensland and one population on the Northern Tablelands region of New South Wales near the Queensland border. It grows in heath and woodland on granite.
Conservation.
"Boronia repanda" has been classified as "endangered" under the Australian Government "Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999", the Queensland Government "Nature Conservation Act 1992" and the New South Wales Government "Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016". The main threats are removal of undergrowth for fire reduction purposes, inappropriate fire regimes and the limited number of surviving plants.


Campodea montis

Campodea montis is a species of two-pronged bristletail in the family Campodeidae.


Wheeler National Monument


Crayfish plague

Crayfish plague ("Aphanomyces astaci") is a water mold that infects crayfish, most notably the European "Astacus" which dies within a few weeks of being infected. When experimentally tested, species from Australia, New Guinea and Japan were also found to be susceptible to the infection.
History.
Crayfish plague first arrived in Europe in Italy in 1859, either with imported crayfish from North America, or in ballast water discharge. After its original introduction in Italy in 1860, it spread quickly through Europe and was discovered in Sweden in 1907, in Spain in 1972, in Norway in 1971, in Great Britain in 1981, in Turkey in 1984 and in Ireland in 1987.
In 1959, to bolster dwindling stocks of native crayfish, the signal crayfish was introduced to Sweden. The signal crayfish was known to be resistant, and it was not recognised at that time that it was a carrier of the disease. After 150 years of contact, no resistance has been discovered in native European crayfish.
This species was studied and named by the German Mycologist Friedrich Schikora (1859–1932), from a type specimen in Germany in 1906.
Transmission.
Transport of signal crayfish, red swamp crayfish and infected native European freshwater crayfish between waters is the main cause of contamination, though the disease can also be spread via items that have been in contact with contaminated water, such as a fishing tackle or footwear. The spores are sensitive to high or low temperatures. Most authorities have local rules and regulations to minimize the movement of water between different waterbodies (in for example a boat), and recommend that crayfish used as bait should come from the same water as that being fished, or should be frozen to at least for one day before use, if there is a risk of contamination. The spores of crayfish plague disappear from an infected water system (connected lakes and rivers) within a few weeks once the last infected crayfish is removed. Reintroduction is then possible, as long as no infected waters are in contact with the lake.
Signs.
Infection with "Aphanomyces astaci" is accompanied by few signs in its early stages, and the first indication of infection may be mortality. In the later stages, the muscles of the tail may appear whitened, or brownish-red where blood cells have encapsulated the hyphae. The effects of the neurotoxins in the oomycete can include appearing in daytime (crayfish are typically nocturnal) and a lack of coordination.


Lincoln Woods State Park

Lincoln Woods State Park is a public recreation area covering around Olney Pond northwest of Pawtucket in the town of Lincoln, Rhode Island. The state park is known for its giant glacial boulders and the stony nature of its terrain which prevented most of the parkland from being used as farmland or for other development.
History.
Named in honor of President Abraham Lincoln, the park traces its origins to the state's purchase of Quinsnicket Pond and 71 additional acres in 1908. It had its official founding on the 100th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln’s birth, February 12, 1909. Until the 1940s, the park was popularly known as Quinsnicket, a faux Indian name commonly said to mean something like The Domain of Many Rocks. Quinsnicket was actually a name invented by white settlers, and the original Indian name for the area was Caucaunjaivatchuck.
Activities and amenities.
The park offers a freshwater beach, extensive picnicking facilities, trails for equestrians, mountain bikers, snowmobilers, and hikers, boating, ice skating, and fishing areas and game fields. Canoe rentals, kayak rentals and kayaking lessons are offered by a concessionaire. The park is also known for bouldering, a type of rock climbing that does not utilize ropes or harnesses.
In popular culture.
The park was a favorite haunt of the author H.P. Lovecraft, who spent summer days walking in the park and writing long letters recording vivid accounts of the park's landscape and ambiance. In 2011, part of the film "Moonrise Kingdom" was filmed at the park.


Sarcochilus borealis

Sarcochilus borealis, commonly known as the small lawyer orchid, is a small epiphytic orchid endemic to Queensland. It has up to six thin but stiff, dark green leaves and up to ten green flowers with a white labellum that has reddish brown markings.
Description.
"Sarcochilus borealis" is a small epiphytic herb with a stem long with between two and six thin but stiff dark green leaves long and wide. Between two and ten pale green to dark green flowers long and wide are arranged on a flowering stem long. The sepal are long and wide whilst the petals are slightly shorter and narrower. The labellum is white with reddish brown markings, long and wide and has three lobes. The side lobes are erect and the middle lobe is smaller with a prominent tooth. Flowering occurs between June and December.
Taxonomy and naming.
The small lawyer orchid was first formally described in 1939 by William Henry Nicholls who gave it the name "Sarcochilus olivaceus" var. "borealis" and published the description in "The North Queensland Naturalist". In 1989 David Jones and Mark Clements raised the variety to species status. The specific epithet ("borealis") is a Latin word meaning "northern".
Distribution and habitat.
The small lawyer orchid grows on trees and vines in rainforest at altitudes of in the Mount Lewis National Park and on the Atherton Tableland.


Melaleuca sclerophylla

Melaleuca sclerophylla is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae, and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is distinguished by its unusual leaves which are rough, leathery and covered with small, warty lumps and by its many purple heads of flowers in early spring.
Description.
"Melaleuca sclerophylla" is sometimes an erect, spreading shrub and others low and ground-covering. It generally grows to a height of about but old specimens are sometimes much taller. New growth is covered with long, soft hairs. The leaves are arranged alternately, mostly glabrous except when young and each is long and wide. They are dark green, leathery, narrow oval to narrow egg-shaped, covered with warty tubercles and have an obvious mid-vein on the lower surface.
The flowers are a shade of purple, arranged in heads on the ends of branches which continue to grow after flowering and sometimes in the upper leaf axils. Before opening, the flower buds are covered with dark-coloured bracts which fall off as the flowers open. The heads are up to in diameter and contain 7 to 10 groups of flowers in threes. The stamens are arranged in five bundles around the flowers, each bundle containing between 4 and 7 stamens. Flowering occurs between June and October but mostly in September and is followed by fruit which are woody capsules long, in almost spherical clusters along the stems.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Melaleuca sclerophylla" was first formally described in 1904 by Ludwig Diels in "Botanische jahrbucher fur systematik, pflanzengeschichte und pflanzengeographie" under the heading "Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae occidentalis:Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Pflanzen Westaustraliens, ihrer Verbreitung und ihrer Lebensverhaltnisse" ("Contributions to the knowledge of the plants of West Australia, where they are found and their conditions of existence"). The specific epithet ("sclerophylla") is from the Ancient Greek words "skleros" meaning “hard” or "tough" and "phyllon" meaning “leaf” referring to the toughness of the leaves.
Distribution and habitat.
"Melaleuca sclerophylla" occurs in the Kalbarri and Wongan Hills districts in the Avon Wheatbelt, Geraldton Sandplains and Jarrah Forest biogeographic regions growing in sand with clay or gravel on granite outcrops.
Conservation.
This species is classified as "Priority Three" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife meaning that it is known from only a few locations and is not currently in imminent danger.
Use in horticulture.
This species has been successfully grown in the southern parts of Australia in sunny positions in well-drained soils in winter-wet areas. It has also proved to be frost hardy.


Hermann Park

Hermann Park is a urban park in Houston, Texas, situated at the southern end of the Museum District. The park is located immediately north of the Texas Medical Center and Brays Bayou, east of Rice University, and slightly west of the Third Ward. Hermann Park is home to numerous cultural institutions including the Houston Zoo, Miller Outdoor Theatre, the Houston Museum of Natural Science, and the Hermann Park Golf Course, which became one of the first desegregated public golf courses in the United States in 1954. The park also features the Mary Gibbs and Jesse H. Jones Reflection Pool, numerous gardens, picnic areas, and McGovern Lake, an recreational lake.
One of Houston's oldest public parks, Hermann Park was first envisioned as part of a comprehensive urban planning effort by the city of Houston in the early 1910s. Following the recommendation of a 1913 report which identified the then-rural area between Main Street and Brays Bayou as ideal for a large urban park, real estate investor and entrepreneur George H. Hermann, who owned most of the area and served on the city's parks board, bequeathed his estate to Houston for use as a public green space in 1914. By 1916, famed landscape architect George Kessler had completed a master plan for the park which was gradually implemented throughout the following decades. Ultimately, Hermann Park and Rice University are two clear expressions of the City Beautiful movement in Houston.
The opening of the Houston Zoo in 1922 and the requisition of a large southern portion of the park for the establishment of the Texas Medical Center in 1943 fundamentally altered the scope and configuration of the space, though significant elements of the Kessler plan—such as the north-south axis extending from Montrose Boulevard—remain and have been expanded upon. Hermann Park experienced a period of neglect in the latter half of the 20th century due to a lack of funding and maintenance, spurring the formation of the nonprofit Hermann Park Conservancy in 1992. The Conservancy has since leveraged over $120 million of public and private funds to renovate and remake broad areas of the park. Today, Hermann Park welcomes over six million visitors annually; the Houston Zoo was the second most visited paid-admission zoo in the United States in 2016 (behind San Diego Zoo), with over 2.5 million visitors.
Hermann Park is served by the Hermann Park / Rice University station on the METRORail Red Line, which runs along Fannin Street at the western edge of the park.
The Third Ward Redevelopment Council defines Hermann Park as being part of the Third Ward. T. R. Witcher of the "Houston Press" wrote in 1995 that the park and nearby areas are "not the first places that come to mind when you say "Third Ward,"[...]".
The Hermann Park Conservancy.
Hermann Park was presented to the City of Houston by George Hermann in 1914, and is now Houston's most historically significant public green space. Over the years, the Houston Zoo, Miller Outdoor Theatre, the Houston Museum of Natural Science, and one of the first desegregated public golf courses in the United States all have added to the Park's importance as a recreational destination.
By the late 1980s however, due to insufficient public resources and very high public attendance, the park became rundown and entered a state of disrepair. In response, a group of committed and visionary Houstonians formed the nonprofit organization known as the Friends of Hermann Park (FHP) to encourage the development of more attractive, usable green space in Hermann Park and to promote the restoration of the Park to its originally intended standards of beauty.
Creating the Conservancy, Transforming the Park.
In 1993, FHP commissioned a master plan for Hermann Park from Hanna/Olin Partnership of Philadelphia. This Master Plan, created in consultation with the City of Houston and various stakeholders, was adopted in 1997 by Houston City Council. In 1995, Friends of Hermann Park adopted a master plan for Hermann Park that has provided a “blueprint” for all subsequent renovations and enhancements to the Park. In 2004, Friends of Hermann Park changed its name to the Hermann Park Conservancy (HPC) to reflect an institutional and permanent commitment to stewardship of Hermann Park’s natural resources and physical infrastructure.
In an international competition, the Rice Design Alliance invited designers to set the tone and revitalize the main entry and reflecting pool that formed a key axis for Hermann Park, “The Heart of the Park”, and to create a contemporary update to the park's earliest plans by George Kessler and a subsequent, more formal Hare & Hare plan in 1936.
SWA Group, an international landscape and urban design firm working in conjunction with W.O. Neuhaus Architects and other consultants, was selected over 100 respondents. The most striking of the changes to the project area was a narrower, more inviting by reflection pool. It establishes the formal central axis for the space and its slight narrower design afforded elegant pedestrian promenades as well as a double-row of mature Live Oak trees – one row that had been planted in the 1920s to honor veterans of WW I, and a second row that was added as part of the project.
Noted in a winning entry for the 2005 National Award of Excellence from the American Society of Landscape Architects, the “Heart of the Park” reflecting pool utilized a biofiltration system of gravel beds and perforated pipes to trap organics so that they naturally decompose. Porous paving systems and decomposed granite also limit potential damage from increased water run-off from the site.
Ongoing projects.
The Hermann Park Conservancy continues working in partnership with the City of Houston to secure funds and manage the design of projects to be undertaken in the Park:
The Conservancy also developed a Maintenance and Operations Master Plan Study for Hermann Park - the first such comprehensive study ever for this flagship park of Houston. The study identified many concerns for preserving and protecting Hermann Park, including a gap of 20,000 maintenance hours for the Park. In response, the Conservancy hired a Manager of Volunteer Programs. In 2004 over 1,200 volunteers provided over 14,000 hours of volunteer service in the park.


Suillus cothurnatus

Suillus cothurnatus is a species of mushroom in the genus "Suillus". Found in Malaysia, Brazil, and North America, it was first described scientifically by mycologist Rolf Singer in 1945.
Description.
The cap is obtuse to convex, and sometimes develops a broad umbo. The cap margin is initially turned inward, and usually has remnants of the partial veil hanging off. The cap surface is smooth, sticky, with a variable color ranging from yellow to yellow-brown to yellow-orange to cinnamon to olive brown to grayish brown or dark brown. The flesh is marbled orangish and pale yellow, and when cut or otherwise injured, it will stain dark purple-drab. The odor of the fruit bodies ranges from fragrant to indistinct, and the taste is indistinct. The pore surface on the underside of the cap is initially pale yellow to orange-yellow, but it becomes brownish yellow when mature. The pores, which number 1 or 2 per millimeter, are irregular to radially elongated. The tubes comprising the pore layer are roughly deep. The stem measure long by thick, and it is nearly equal in width throughout or slightly larger near the base. It is solid (i.e. not hollow) with a dry surface that is covered with scattered brownish glandular dots on a whitish to yellowish to brownish background color. It has a thick, baggy partial veil that is whitish and somewhat rubbery in texture. The partial veil is slimy on the outer layer, and forms a band-like ring on the stem with a flaring lower edge. The mycelium at the base of the stem is salmon-colored.
"Suillus cothurnatus" produces a brown spore print. Spores are roughly elliptical to oblong to somewhat cylindrical, smooth, and measure 8–10 by 2.5–3.5 μm.
Fruit bodies are edible. They are used in mushroom dyeing to produce colors such as beige, light brown, or brownish orange, depending on the mordant used.
Habitat and distribution.
The fruit bodies of "Suillus cothurnatus" grow scattered or in groups on the ground in sandy soil near pine, especially two-needled pine such as red pine and jack pine. In the United States, its range extends from Texas to Florida, and north to North Carolina. The species is also present in Mexico, and has been introduced to Brazil. It has also been recorded from the Cameron Highlands in Malaysia.


Nectriaster

Nectriaster monacanthus is a species of sea star in the family Orestieridae. It is the sole species in the genus Nectriaster. It was first described by Hubert Lyman Clark in 1916 as "Mediaster monacanthus".


Garypus californicus

Garypus californicus is a species of pseudoscorpion in the family Garypidae.


Eunoe bathydomus

Eunoe bathydomus is a scale worm known from the north Atlantic Ocean at depths of 2000–3500 m.
Description.
Number of segments 44; elytra 15 pairs (presumably). Anterior margin of prostomium with an acute anterior projection. Lateral antennae inserted ventrally (beneath prostomium and median antenna). Notochaetae thinner than neurochaetae. Bidentate neurochaetae absent.
Commensalism.
"E. bathydomus" is commensal. Its host taxon is a sea cucumber: Deima validum (Echinodermata).


High Tor State Park

High Tor State Park is a state park on the north edge of the Town of Clarkstown in Rockland County, New York, United States. The park is located on South Mountain, which has two peaks, High Tor and Little Tor. Its highest peak, High Tor, is high.
Park description.
High Tor State Park is intended for day use during the summer months, and contains picnic tables, a pool and showers, hiking trails, and a food concession. The Long Path passes through the park.
The park contains two peaks: High Tor at , and Little Tor at . They are the highest peaks in not only the park, but in all of the Hudson Palisades. The skyline of New York City can be seen from the summit of High Tor.
High Tor was used as a signal point during the American Revolution for the colonists, and was used as an air raid watch during World War II. Famous composer Kurt Weill worked as an air raid warden there.


Aspidodiadema africanum

Aspidodiadema africanum is a species of sea urchin of the family Aspidodiadematidae. Their armour is covered with spines. It is placed in the genus Aspidodiadema and lives in the sea. Aspidodiadema africanum was first scientifically described in 1939 by Ole Theodor Jensen Mortensen, a Danish scientist.


Federal Hall National Memorial


Zieria furfuracea

Zieria furfuracea is a plant in the citrus family Rutaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a shrub with three-part leaves and groups of large numbers of small white flowers, the groups shorter than the leaves. It grows on the coast and tablelands north from Wyong.
Description.
"Zieria furfuracea " is a shrub which grows to a height of between with warty branches that covered with soft hairs when young. The leaves are composed of three lance-shaped leaflets long and wide with a petiole long. Both sides of the leaflets are more or less flat and covered with small, star-like leaves. The upper surface is smooth and a darker green than the lower one. The flowers are white and arranged in large groups, the groups shorter than the leaves. The sepals are triangular, less than long and the four petals are about long, covered with soft hairs and there are four stamens. Flowering occurs in spring and summer and is followed by fruits which are smooth follicles covered with soft hairs.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Zieria furfuracea" was first formally described in 1863 by George Bentham from an unpublished description by Robert Brown. Bentham's description was published in Flora Australiensis. The specific epithet ("furfuracea") is derived from the Latin word "furfur" meaning "bran", "scurf", "scale", or "dandruff".
Three subspecies have been described:
Distribution and habitat.
This zieria occurs in Queensland, New South Wales north of Wyong, growing in forest and rainforest, sometimes on exposed rocky escarpments.


Massacoe State Forest

Massacoe State Forest is a Connecticut state forest located in the town of Simsbury. The forest comprises two noncontiguous sections: the Great Pond Block, which encompasses Great Pond, and the Massacoe Block, which lies next to Stratton Brook State Park. Forest recreational activities include hiking, fishing, and bird watching.


Corymbia bloxsomei

Corymbia bloxsomei, commonly known as yellowjack, yellow jacket or yellow bloodwood, is a species of tree that is endemic to inland, south-eastern Queensland. It has thick, rough scaly bark on the trunk and larger branches, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, nine or eleven, creamy white to pale yellow flowers and barrel-shaped, urn-shaped or spherical fruit.
Description.
"Corymbia bloxsomei" is a tree that typically grows to a height of and forms a lignotuber. It has soft, rough, scaly or tessellated yellowish to brownish bark on the trunk and almost to the smaller branches. Young plants and coppice regrowth have leaves that are paler on the lower surface, egg-shaped to elliptical, long and wide. Adult leaves are the same shade of glossy green on both sides, lance-shaped or curved, long and wide, tapering to a petiole long. The flower buds are arranged on the ends of branchlets on a branched peduncle long, each branch of the peduncle with seven, nine or eleven buds on pedicels long. Mature buds are oval to cylindrical, about long and wide with a variably-shaped operculum. Flowering has been recorded in June and December and the flowers are creamy white to pale yellow. The fruit is a woody barrel-shaped, urn-shaped or spherical capsule long and wide with the valves enclosed in the fruit.
Taxonomy and naming.
Yellowjacket was first formally described in 1925 by Joseph Maiden in the "Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales" and given the name "Eucalyptus bloxsomei". In 1995, Ken Hill and Lawrie Johnson changed the name to "Corymbia bloxsomei". The specific epithet ("bloxsomei") honours "Herbert Schreiber Bloxsome".
Distribution and habitat.
"Corymbia bloxsomei" grows in forest on flat or sloping areas from near Mundubbera to Chinchilla, especially in the Barakula State Forest.
Conservation status.
This eucalypt is classified as of "least concern" under the Government of Queensland "Nature Conservation Act 1992".


Bryobium dischorense

Bryobium dischorense, commonly known as the spotted urchin orchid, is an epiphytic or lithophytic clump-forming orchid that has fleshy, oval pseudobulbs, each with a single thin leaf and between four and eight cup-shaped, cream-coloured or whitish flowers with red spots. This orchid occurs in New Guinea and Queensland.
Description.
"Bryobium dischorense" is an epiphytic or lithophytic herb that forms dense clumps with oval shaped pseudobulbs long and wide covered with papery brown bracts when young. Each pseudobulb has a thin, but tough narrow oblong to egg-shaped leaf long and wide. Between four and eight cream-coloured or whitish, cup-shaped flowers with a few red spots, long and wide are arranged on a flowering stem long. The dorsal sepal is long and about wide, the lateral sepals a similar length but wide. The petals are long and about wide. The labellum is erect and curved, about long and wide with three lobes. The side lobes are large and erect and the middle lobe is short and turns downwards. Flowering occurs from October to December.
Taxonomy and naming.
The spotted urchin orchid was first formally described in 1912 by Rudolf Schlechter who gave it the name "Eria dischorensis" and published the description in "Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis Beihefte". In 2002 Mark Clements and David Jones changed the name to "Bryobium dischorense". The specific epithet ("dischorense") refers to the type location, which Schlechter referred to as the Dischore Range, now known as the Bowutu Range. The ending "-ense" being a Latin suffix meaning "denoting place", "locality" or "country".
Distribution and habitat.
"Bryobium dischorense" usually grows on rainforest trees. It is found in New Guinea and in the Whitfield Range in Queensland.


Kunzea recurva

Kunzea recurva is a flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is an uncommon shrub with small leaves and groups of pink or purplish flowers on the ends of the branches.
Description.
"Kunzea recurva" is an erect, highly branched shrub which grows to a height of with hairy young branches. The base of the leaves is pressed against the stem but the tips spread outwards. They are mostly egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, mostly long and wide on a short stalk. The flowers are pink to reddish purple and are borne in more or less spherical groups about across on the ends of the branches. The petals lobes are egg-shaped to spatula-shaped about in diameter and there are mostly 20 to 35 stamens long in each flower. Flowering occurs between August and December but mostly between September and November and the fruit that follows is an urn-shaped capsule with the sepal lobes remaining.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Kunzea recurva" was first formally described by the botanist Johannes Conrad Schauer and published in 1844 in Johann Georg Christian Lehmann's work "Plantae Preissianae". The specific epithet ("recurva") is derived from the Latin word, "curvus" meaning "bent".
Distribution and habitat.
"Kunzea recurva" is an uncommon species, usually found in wet depressions or on rocky slopes in the South West and Great Southern regions of Western Australia, where it grows in a variety of soil types.


Erigeron trifidus

Erigeron trifidus is a Canadian species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name Alberta fleabane. It is native to the provinces of Alberta and British Columbia in western Canada.
"Erigeron trifidus" grows on talus and scree slopes in alpine zones at high elevations. It is a small perennial herb rarely more than 10 centimeters (4 inches) tall, producing a branching underground caudex. Leaves are usually 3-lobed, up to 3 cm (1.2 inches) long. The inflorescence is made up of only one flower heads per stem. Each head contains 20–40 white, lavender, or pink ray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets.


Sphyrotheca minnesotensis

Sphyrotheca minnesotensis is a species of globular springtail in the family Sminthuridae.


Delpinophytum

Delpinophytum is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae.
Its native range is Southern Argentina.
Species:


Clavaria amoena

Clavaria amoena, sometimes called the yellow coral fungus, is a species of coral fungus in the family Clavariaceae. It appears to be distributed in temperate areas of the southern hemisphere.


Penicillium waksmanii

Penicillium waksmanii is an anamorph species of the genus of "Penicillium" which was isolated from the alga Sargassum ringgoldianum. "Penicillium waksmanii" produces pyrenocine A, pyrenocine C, pyrenocine D and pyrenocine E


Doyle Memorial Park

Doyle Memorial Park is a public recreation area occupying a peninsula on Green Lake southeast of Wishek in McIntosh County, North Dakota. The park was formerly known as Doyle Memorial State Recreation Area. It became the property of the City of Wishek on July 1, 2017, and is operated by the Wishek Park Board.
The park is used for swimming, fishing, boating, camping, and picnicking. It was established in 1925 on land donated by J.J. Doyle, a Wishek businessman who served in the North Dakota House of Representatives in 1909 and 1915, and for whom the park is named.


Sorbus koehneana

Sorbus koehneana, Koehne mountain ash, is a species of rowan native to central and southeast China and Qinghai. It is found in mixed forests or thickets in mountains 2,300 to 4,000m above sea level.


Rubroboletus sinicus

Rubroboletus sinicus is a bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. It is found in China. The species was first described by Wei Fan Chiu as "Boletus sinicus" in 1948, and transferred to the genus "Tylopilus" in 1979 by Fanglan Tai. In 2014, the genus "Rubroboletus" was created to accommodate this and allied species.
The fruit bodies of "R. sinicus`" have a brown, pulvinate (cushion-shaped) cap measuring in diameter that is covered with fibrous scales. The tubes on the cap underside are up to long, and stain blue when cut or injured. The pores are red and small, up to 0.5 mm across. The flesh is initially white to yellowish, but stains blue with injury. Spores are ellipsoid and measure 7.5–11 by 4.5–5.5 µm. The type collection was obtained from a market in Kunming in July, 1938.


Edward Pulaski Tunnel and Placer Creek Escape Route

The Edward Pulaski Tunnel and Placer Creek Escape Route (also known as the Pulaski Tunnel) are two adjacent sites used by the United States Forest Service firefighter Edward Pulaski in the Great Fire of 1910 to save the lives of himself and most of his crew. The sites are located south of Wallace, Idaho in the Idaho Panhandle National Forests. Pulaski's tunnel and escape route are listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
Fire of 1910.
The summer of 1910 was hot and dry, with an extremely high fire danger throughout the western United States. By August, there were approximately 1,400 wildfires burning out of control in northern Idaho, northeastern Washington, and northwestern Montana. On 20 August, some of these wildfires blew-up into huge firestorms, threatening a number of rural communities and trapping firefighting crews. One of those crews was led by Ed Pulaski.
Pulaski and his crew were fighting the fire in an area around the west fork of Placer Creek, approximately southwest of Wallace. When the fire became too dangerous, Pulaski ordered his forty-five men to evacuate toward Wallace. As they retreated, a second fire blocked their way, leaving them surrounded by fire. Pulaski knew the area so he was able to lead his men through the burning forest to an abandoned mine. The crew (along with two horses) entered the mine opening near the bank of Placer Creek just as the fire engulfed the area.
The mine was actually a short prospecting tunnel that had been abandoned because no ore was found there. The mine opening was high and wide. At the entrance, there were cedar floor planks and squeeze caps logs in place to prevent spalling. The total length of the mine was only ; however, that was enough to shelter Pulaski and his crew.
As the fire raged outside the mine, the heat caused the cold air in the tunnel to rush out, replacing it with hot air and smoke. Pulaski ordered the men to lie down on the floor of the mine where there was still some breathable air. As the fire closed in around the tunnel entrance, timber beams at the mouth of the tunnel began to burn. Pulaski carried water in his hat from pools on the mine floor to the entrance, trying to douse the flames. In the process, he was badly burned. Eventually, Pulaski fell unconscious, as did all his men.
The next morning, Pulaski counted 39 living men. One of his crew had been killed by a falling snag on the way to the mine; five others had died from smoke inhalation during the night (the two horses also died). After the fire in the surrounding forest died down, Pulaski and his crew followed Placer Creek to safety in Wallace.
In just two days, the Great Fire of 1910 consumed of forest. The six men lost in or near Pulaski's tunnel were among 78 firefighters killed by the fire. There were also seven civilians who died in the fire; bringing the total loss of life to 85 people.
Because of its association with Ed Pulaski and the Great Fire of 1910, the Pulaski Tunnel and fire escape route were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. The tunnel also provides valuable information on historic mining methods in the Idaho panhandle.
Site restoration.
For many years, the only visible sign of Pulaski's escape route and refuge tunnel were two historical markers along a forest road south of Wallace. In 2002, a citizens group was organized to restore Pulaski's tunnel and improve the trail to the site. The effort was known as the "Pulaski Project". The Forest Service joined the effort and began to develop the trail in 2005. Since then, the full length of the trail has been cleared and graded. In addition, five trail bridges have been installed along with a dozen interpretive signs that provide information about Pulaski, the 1910 fire, and various features found along the trail. At the trailhead, a parking area and restroom have been built.
Today, the trail is open to foot traffic only. From the trailhead, the hike to the tunnel is approximately , a round-trip hike of . The elevation gain between the trailhead and the tunnel is , making the hike moderately challenging. The trailhead is located just off Forest Road 456, approximately south of Wallace, Idaho.


Ageratina thyrsiflora

Ageratina thyrsiflora is a North American species of plants in the sunflower family. It is native mostly to northwestern Mexico (states of Chihuahua, Durango, Jalisco, Sinaloa, and Sonora). The range extends just barely into the United States, a single herbarium specimen having been collected in 1929 just north of the border town of Nogales, Arizona.
Etymology.
"Ageratina" is derived from Greek meaning 'un-aging', in reference to the flowers keeping their color for a long time. This name was used by Dioscorides for a number of different plants. "Thyrsiflora" is derived from the Ancient Greek (; meaning a 'contracted panicle, wreath, or thyrsos') and the Latin ( 'flower'), and so, "thyrsiflora" means approximately 'with flowers arranged in the shape of a contracted panicle or thyrsos staff'.


Acalypha californica

The flowering shrub Acalypha californica is known as the California copperleaf, and sometimes by the older name Pringle three-seeded mercury. It is the only "Acalypha" species native to California, where it is most abundant in the hills of San Diego County. It is a member of the chaparral plant community.
The plant bears hairy, juicy, toothed leaves which despite the plant's common name are light green, never copper in color. Each flower is made up of a staminate part, which appears as a long spike of tiny red and pink bracts, and a pistillate part at the base of the spike, which is a cup made up of green bracts bearing the ovary.


Ponerorchis farreri

Ponerorchis farreri is a species of flowering plant in the family Orchidaceae, native from south-east Tibet to south-central China (north-west Yunnan).
Taxonomy.
The species was first described in 1924 by Rudolf Schlechter, as "Amitostigma farreri". A molecular phylogenetic study in 2014 found that species of "Amitostigma", "Neottianthe" and "Ponerorchis" were mixed together in a single clade, making none of the three genera monophyletic as then circumscribed. "Amitostigma" and "Neottianthe" were subsumed into "Ponerorchis", with "Amitostigma farreri" becoming "Ponerorchis farreri".


Phellinus weirii

Phellinus weirii is a plant pathogen causing laminated root rot in certain conifers, typically Douglas-fir and western redcedar. It is widespread in the Douglas-fir growing regions of British Columbia, Washington and Oregon.
Overview.
Symptoms of fungal infection are readily recognized when timber is cut because a brown stain will appear on the butt cut. In early stages it will be just a spot in the heart wood, but as the disease advances it will extend most of the way around the heart wood, and in extreme cases may result in a hollow stump. Usually it is not observed more than a few feet above ground level.
Losses due to the fungus are estimated at 4.4 million m3 (157 million ft3) of timber in the Northwestern United States and in British Columbia.
Reduced growth rate is an attribute of tree infection. Particular attention is invited to the growth ring patterns visible in the images attached.


Ophrys reinholdii

Ophrys reinholdii is a species of orchid. Its native range from Croatia in southeastern Europe to northwestern Iran in western Asia, including Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey and Cyprus.
Subspecies.
Two subspecies are currently recognized (May 2014):


Erythranthe exigua

Erythranthe exigua is a rare species of monkeyflower known by the common name San Bernardino Mountains monkeyflower. It was formerly known as "Mimulus exiguus".
Distribution.
It is native to the San Bernardino Mountains of southern California, as well as an area of Baja California. It grows in moist, rocky habitat, including the rare quartz pebble plain habitat of the mountain meadows near Big Bear, Southern California.
Description.
"Erythranthe exigua" is a petite annual herb producing a hair-thin, erect stem just a few centimeters tall. The herbage is reddish in color and lightly hairy. The oppositely arranged oval leaves are a few millimeters in length. The tubular lavender flower is under 4 millimeters long and the corolla is divided into five lobes.


Acacia blakelyi

Acacia blakelyi is a shrub or tree belonging to the genus "Acacia" and the subgenus "Phyllodineae".
The dense glabrous shrub or tree typically grows to a height of . The branchlets are flexuous with caducous stipules. The green phyllodes are horizontally flattened with a linear to very narrowly elliptic shape. Each phyllode is in length with a width of and are coarsely pungent. It blooms from July to September and produces yellow flowers. Inflorescences are made up of three to four globular heads each with a diameter of each composed of 20 to 30 golden flowers. Following flowering seed pods that are straight to shallowly curved up to about in length and . The elliptic to narrowly elliptic shiny black seeds within are long.
It is native to an area in the Wheatbelt and the Mid West regions of Western Australia. It is found as far north as an area in between Denham and Kalbarri to around Piawaning in the south on sand plains and gentle rises where it grows in sandy lateritic soils. The shrub is usually part of the understorey in woodland or tall shrubland communities.


Mount Maxwell Provincial Park

Mount Maxwell Provincial Park is a provincial park in the Gulf Islands of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on Burgoyne Bay and the Sansum Narrows on the western shores of Saltspring Island.
It was established in 1938 for the views afforded from Baynes Peak, the highest point on the mountain, which encompass Vancouver Island, the Gulf Islands and mainland British Columbia. It has an area of 231 hectares, but is adjoined by the Mount Maxwell Ecological Reserve to the west, and Burgoyne Bay Provincial Park to the south, creating a contiguous area of over 1100 ha of protected land.
The mountain top can be accessed by gravel road, or by hiking trails from the north-east or Burgoyne Bay Provincial Park to the south. It has an elevation of 580m above sea level.
Mount Maxwell was initially named Mount Baynes by Admiralty surveyor George Henry Richards, after Admiral Sir Robert Lambert Baynes in about 1859. However, local inhabitants began calling it Mount Maxwell, a name which was officially accepted in 1911. When the park was created it was agreed to name the summit Baynes Peak.


Kilen Woods State Park

Kilen Woods State Park is a state park of Minnesota, USA, on the Des Moines River south of Windom.


Berberis temolaica

Berberis temolaica, called the blue barberry, is a species of flowering plant in the genus "Berberis", native to Tibet and Myanmar. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.


Inonotus ludovicianus

Inonotus ludovicianus is a species of fungus in the family Hymenochaetaceae. A plant pathogen, it is found in the southwestern United States and Louisiana.


Amblyseius americanus

Amblyseius americanus is a species of mite in the family Phytoseiidae.


Dracula benedictii

Dracula benedictii is a species of orchid found in Cordillera Central and Cordillera Occidental, Colombia. It was named in honour of Benedict Roezl the noted Bohemian collector, who discovered this species.


Leptobunus californicus

Leptobunus californicus is a species of harvestman in the family Phalangiidae. It is found in North America.


Erigeron vreelandii

Erigeron vreelandii is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names sticky tall fleabane and Vreeland's erigeron. It grows in northwestern Mexico (state of Sonora) and in the southwestern United States (Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado).
"Erigeron vreelandii" grows on rocky slopes in open areas in forests or woodlands dominated by pine, oak, or fir. It is a perennial herb up to 80 centimeters (32 inches) tall, producing a rhizomes and a branching woody caudex. It generally produces 1-22 flower heads per stem. Each head contains 75–150 blue or lavender ray florets, surrounding numerous yellow disc florets.


Pterostylis micromega

Pterostylis micromega, commonly known as the swamp greenhood, is a species of greenhood orchid endemic to New Zealand. Both flowering and non-flowering plants have a rosette of leaves while flowering plants also have a single, relatively large whitish flower with a pointed dorsal sepal. The flower colour and pointed dorsal sepal are unique in New Zealand "Pterostylis".
Description.
"Pterostylis micromega" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and which often grows in loose colonies. Non-flowering plants have a rosette of broad elliptic leaves, each leaf long with a petiole a further wide. Flowering plants have a similar rosette at the base of a flowering stem tall with egg-shaped stem leaves wrapped around it, the highest leaf about as tall as the flower. There is a single, mostly whitish flower with a pale green tinge. The dorsal sepal and petals are fused, forming a hood or "galea" over the column. The dorsal sepal is long and curves forward with a tapering tip. The lateral sepals are erect, have narrow tips which are higher than the galea and there is a wide gap between them and the galea. The labellum is curved, reddish-brown and protrudes above the sinus between the lateral sepals. Flowering occurs between November and February.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Pterostylis micromega" was first formally described in 1853 by Joseph Dalton Hooker and the description was published in "Flora Novae-Zelandiae". The specific epithet ("micromega") is derived from the Ancient Greek words "mikros" meaning "small" or "little" and "mega" meaning "large".
Distribution and habitat.
The swamp greenhood grows in swampy areas sometimes in colonies of up to fifty. It has been recorded on the North, South and Chatham Islands but its distribution is now much reduced. It has not been observed on Chatham Island since the 1800s but is still present near Waikato, on the Volcanic Plateau, near Wanganui and in the Wairarapa.
Conservation status.
"Pterostylis micromega" is classed as "data poor", "extreme fluctuations" and "range restricted" under the "New Zealand Threat Classication System".


Inocybe tristis

Inocybe tristis is a species of agaric fungus in the family Inocybaceae native to Israel. It is poisonous.


Clypeaster euclastus

Clypeaster euclastus is a species of sea urchins of the Family Clypeasteridae. Their armour is covered with spines. Clypeaster euclastus was first scientifically described in 1941 by Hubert Lyman Clark.


Laurel Hill State Park

Laurel Hill State Park is a Pennsylvania state park in Jefferson and Middlecreek Townships, Somerset County, Pennsylvania in the United States. Laurel Hill Lake is a man-made lake with a dam that was constructed during the Great Depression by the young men of CCC camps SP-8-PA and SP-15-PA. Laurel Hill State Park is from Interstate 76 just off Pennsylvania Route 31 near Bakersville and on Pennsylvania Route 653 near Trent.
History.
The lumber era.
The lumber boom that swept through the hills and forests of Pennsylvania did not reach Laurel Hill Valley until 1886. At this time the area was one of the last in Pennsylvania that had not been touched by the lumbermen. The mountains were stripped of the old-growth forests of hemlock and white pine. The lumbermen took the logs to the sawmill where they were cut into lumber. Smaller logs were used to reinforce the mine shafts of the many coal mines throughout southwestern Pennsylvania and West Virginia. The bark of the hemlock tree was used as a source of tannin at the tanneries of the area. The only thing the lumbermen left behind was the treetops. These tree tops were left to dry. The passing steam locomotives on the railroads would ignite this dry brush causing massive wildfires that swept through the mountains and valleys. The Laurel Hill area was left to waste. The forests struggled to regrow in the wake of the wildfire. The hills began to erode. The streams were dying and wildlife was scarcely found.
The Laurel Hill RDA was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987, as a national historic district. The district includes 198 contributing buildings and 4 contributing structures.
The forests come back.
The area in and surrounding Laurel Hill State Park no longer resembles the desolate wasteland left behind the lumbermen. It is now a thriving second growth forest that is home to a wide variety of wildlife. The efforts of the men of the Works Progress Administration and Civilian Conservation Corps during the Great Depression helped to bring about the revitalization of the forests.
The Federal Emergency Relief Administration bought the stripped forest land in the Laurel Hill Area in 1935 as part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal during the Great Depression. Under the direction of the National Park Service and the U.S. Army the men working for the WPA and CCC began the process of building what was to become Laurel Hill State Park on July 1, 1935 at CCC camps SP-8-PA and SP-16-PA. These men cleared the streams and forests tangled brush, they built bridges on state roads, cleared paths in the forests, planted trees and built many of the facilities used today at Laurel Hill State Park. Their work can be seen today at the park with the dam on Laurel Hill Lake and the large group camping facilities of the park.
The United States Department of the Interior transferred ownership of the area to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in 1945 and Laurel Hill State Park was officially opened.
Recreation.
The Hemlock Trail.
The only virgin trees left untouched were on steep ground above the Laurel Hill Creek that was apparently too difficult for the loggers to reach. The Hemlock Trail now winds through this ancient stand of trees, and is accessible from one end at the sharp bend on Buck Run Road, and from the other at the head of the lake.
Hunting.
Hunting is permitted on about of Laurel Hill State Park. The most common game species are rabbits, pheasant, raccoon, squirrels, turkey and white-tailed deer. The hunting of groundhogs is prohibited. Hunters are expected to follow the rules and regulations of the Pennsylvania Game Commission. Each September Laurel Hill State Park is open for Canada goose hunting. The goose hunt is part of a statewide effort to limit the "resident goose" population. Biologists have attributed high fecal coliform counts at some parks to geese droppings. The fecal matter pollutes the water and beaches of the parks.
Fishing and boating.
Laurel Hill Creek and Jones Mill Run are stocked with trout and also have a good population of native brook trout. Laurel Hill Lake is a fishery for trout, catfish, sunfish, perch, crappie, bluegill, and bass.
Gasoline powered boats are prohibited on Laurel Hill Lake. Non powered and electric powered boats must have current registration with any state.
Swimming.
The beach at Laurel Hill State Park is open daily from late May until the middle of September. The beach opens at 8:00 am and closes at sunset.
Picnics.
Laurel Hill State Park has three picnic areas. Picnic area # 1 has a playground, a ballfield and horseshoe pits. Picnic area # 3 is near the beach and also has a playground. Picnic area # 4 is near the boat launch and mooring area. There is no picnic area # 2.
Winter recreation.
There is a snowmobile trail system in the park that leads to of trails in Forbes State Forest. Laurel Hill Lake is open for ice fishing and ice boating. Laurel Hill State Park has of trails open to cross-country skiing.
Staying overnight.
Laurel Hill State Park has several options for visitors that are interested in spending the night or several nights at the park.
Campground.
The campground has 262 sites for tent or trailer camping. 149 of these sites have an electrical connections. The campground has modern washhouses with flush toilets, showers, drinking water, and two sanitary dump stations. There is one walled tent that is available for rent, which sleeps up to six people and has a refrigerator and bunk beds.
Cottages.
There are eight cottages available to rent at Laurel Hill State Park. Each cottage has electric lights, outlets, and electric heater. They sleep up to five people and have wooden floors, glass windows and a screened-in porch. The yard areas have a picnic table and a fire ring.
Group tenting.
There is a large area for organized group tenting that is open year-round. Groups are expected to follow the following rules and regulations.
Cabins (Group camping).
The cabins built and used by the CCC are still used today by large, non-profit groups. The six group cabin areas are open from mid-April until mid-October. These camping facilities each have a centrally located shower house with flush toilets and large dining hall with kitchen.
Laurel Hill Lodge.
Laurel Hill Lodge is a modern two-story lodge with a large fireplace and cathedral ceilings. It has a private deck that overlooks the park and Laurel Mountain. The lodge is equipped for winter recreation. It has racks for skis and snowboards and for drying gloves and boots. There are five bedrooms that can sleep up to 14 people. There are 3 bathrooms, 1.5 kitchens, a recreation room and laundry facilities.
Boy Scout camps.
There are two Boy Scout camps run by Westmoreland-Fayette Council within the state park: Camp Conestoga and Camp Buck Run.
Nearby state parks.
The following state parks are within of Laurel Hill State Park:


Bathycrinus australis

Bathycrinus australis is a species of sea lily, a crinoid in the family Bathycrinidae. It is native to deep water in the Antarctic Ocean. It was initially identified as "Bathycrinus aldrichianus" by Philip Herbert Carpenter following the 1872-1876 HMS Challenger expedition. It was later distinguished as a new species by the American zoologist Austin Hobart Clark.


Crepis sibirica

Crepis sibirica, is an Asian and eastern European species of plants in the dandelion tribe within the sunflower family. It has been found in China (Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang), Mongolia, Russia, Central Asia, and eastern Europe.
"Crepis sibirica" is a perennial herb up to 150 cm (5 feet) tall, spreading by means of large underground rhizomes. It produces a flat-topped array of several flower heads. Each head has many yellow ray florets but no disc florets. The species grows on mountain slopes and in forests and grasslands.


Eremophila decussata

Eremophila decussata is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is only known from several small, disjunct areas in Western Australia and South Australia. It is small, spreading, silvery-grey shrub with soft leaves and lilac-coloured flowers with spots or streaks of purple inside the flower.
Description.
"Eremophila decussata" is a spreading shrub growing to a height of about and a width of about with leaves and branches covered with fine, greyish hairs. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs along the stem, more or less making four rows of leaves along the branches. They are mostly long, about wide and are elliptic to egg-shaped.
The flowers are borne singly in leaf axils on a stalk long. There are 5 slightly overlapping, lance-shaped to egg-shaped sepals which are hairy and mostly long. The petals are long and joined at their lower end to form a tube. The petal tube is lilac-coloured or mauve on the outside and white inside with purple spots or streaks. There are short hairs on the outside of the tube and on the lobes but the tube is filled with long, soft hairs. The 4 stamens are fully enclosed within the tube. Flowering occurs mostly from September to October and is followed by fruits which are oval-shaped, hairy and long.
Taxonomy and naming.
The species was first formally described by Robert Chinnock in 2007 and the description was published in "Eremophila and Allied Genera: A Monograph of the Plant Family Myoporaceae". The type specimen was collected by Chinnock near Ooldea. The specific epithet ("decussata") is a Latin word referring to the decussate leaf arrangement in this species.
Distribution and habitat.
"E. decussata" occurs in disjunct populations on the Nullarbor Plain, near Ooldea and Billa Kalina in South Australia and east of Kalgoorlie in Western Australia. It usually grows in nutrient-poor, rocky, calcareous soils.
Conservation status.
"E. decussata" is classified as "Priority One" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife, meaning that it is known from only one or a few locations which are potentially at risk.
Use in horticulture.
This eremophila bears masses of flowers in spring and summer but is also an attractive shrub when not in flower. It can be propagated from cuttings or by grafting onto "Myoporum" and grows best in well-drained soil in a sunny position. It is drought tolerant and frost resistant except when young when the branch tips may be damaged by severe frosts.
References.
[Category:Flora of South Australia]]


Wheeling Park

Wheeling Park is a park located in Wheeling, West Virginia. The park first opened in 1925. The park was originally only open during the warmer months. In 1959, the addition of an ice rink turned the park into a year-round facility.
Wheeling Park High School, which was named after the park, is located adjacent to the hilltop area of the park.
History.
Wheeling Park was originally part of an estate owned by Thomas Hornbrook, an English immigrant. At that time (late 1800s) the park was known as "Hornbrook's Park". The park has undergone many changes over the years. In the early 1900s it was a private amusement park with rides, a swimming pool, and a gambling casino. For a time, the park was owned and operated by the Reymann Brewing Company, who patterned it after German beer gardens. Prohibition and economic downturns at the end of World War I forced the park to close.
In 1924, Charles Sonneborn and Louis Haller purchased the property, intending to subdivide it into residential lots. they offered to sell the property back to the city if enough public funds could be acquired to buy and equip the park. Many local businessmen came forward, including W.E. Stone and Earl W. Oglebay, and eventually enough funds were gathered to keep the park open for public use.
The park was renamed "Wheeling Park" and opened to the public on May 30, 1925.
The White Palace was constructed in 1926, on the site of the former gambling casino which had been destroyed in a fire.
The golf course opened in 1926.
The "Madonna of the Trail" statue was erected by the Daughters of the American Revolution in 1928.
The Frank Rock Garden was created in 1929.
The Schwertfeger Shelter opened in 1948. The Stifel Playground also opened in 1948.
The Memorial Ice Rink opened in 1959.
The W.E. Stone Memorial Clubhouse and Pool opened in 1968, with a water slide added in 1979.
A boathouse, dock and miniature golf course were added to the Good Lake in 1972.
A tennis dome was erected in 1972.
The hilltop area at Wheeling Park started its development with Sonneborn Shelter, completed in 1973. Six tennis courts and the Boyce Tennis Shelter were added to the hilltop in 1984, and the soccer field complex was added in the late 1980s.


Sebastiania dimorphocalyx

Sebastiania dimorphocalyx is a species of flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It was described in 1874. It is native to Minas Gerais, Brazil.


Acalitus stenaspis

Acalitus stenaspis is an eriophyid mite which causes galls on beech ("Fagus" species). It is found in Europe and was first described by the Austrian zoologist Alfred Nalepa in 1891.
Description of the gall.
"Acalitus stenaspis" causes three different galls on beech. In spring leaves may be stunted, thickly covered in silver-grey hairs, and may be folded with wavy veins and contain mites.
The gall most associated with this species is the edge of the leaf curling upwards and forming a very tight roll, which is often overlooked. During the summer, numerous mites live inside the gall feeding on a mass of tiny hairs. The roll is pale green or yellow. They leave the gall before leaf fall and spend the winter in the dormant buds. In Scotland downward rolls have been found which may be caused by the same species.
A third gall may be buds that grow up to 3 cm long; the shoot becomes disfigured and the leaves are wavy, have an irreglular venation and are covered in long hairs. If the shoot overcomes the mite, younger leaves appear normal.
Most literature and websites refer to galls recorded mainly on beech ("Fagus sylvatica"). Galls have also been recorded on Crimean beech "Fagus" × "taurica".
Inquilines.
"Arthrocnodax gemmarum" is an Inquiline which lives in the gall alongside the gall-causer,
Distribution.
Found in Europe, including Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Poland, Serbia and Spain.


Rubus armeniacus

Rubus armeniacus, the Himalayan blackberry or Armenian blackberry, is a species of "Rubus" in the blackberry group "Rubus" subgenus "Rubus" series "Discolores" (P.J. Müll.) Focke. It is native to Armenia and Northern Iran, and widely naturalised elsewhere. Both its scientific name and origin have been the subject of much confusion, with much of the literature referring to it as either "Rubus procerus" or "Rubus discolor", and often mistakenly citing its origin as western European. Flora of North America, published in 2014, considers the taxonomy unsettled, and tentatively uses the older name "Rubus bifrons".
In some areas, the plant is cultivated for its berries, but in many areas it is considered a noxious weed and an invasive species.
Description.
"Rubus armeniacus" is a perennial plant that bears biennial stems ("canes") from the perennial root system. In its first year a new stem grows vigorously to its full length of 4–10 m, trailing along the ground or arching up to 4 m high. The stem is stout, up to 2–3 cm diameter at the base, and green; it is polygonal (usually hexagonal) in cross-section, with fearsome thorns up to 1.5cm long forming along the ribs. The canes can turn more red/purple if they are exposed to bright sunlight. This is common in the summer. The leaves on first year shoots are 7–20 cm long, palmately compound with either three or more commonly five leaflets. The leaflets are moderately serrated. Flowers are not produced on first year shoots. In its second year, the stem does not grow longer, but produces several side shoots, which bear smaller leaves with three leaflets (rarely a single leaflet). These leaflets are oval-acute, dark green above and pale to whitish below, with a toothed margin, and snaring, hooked thorns along the midrib on the underside. The flowers are produced in late spring and early summer on panicles of 3–20 together on the tips of the second-year side shoots, each flower 2–2.5 cm diameter with five white or pale pink petals. The flowers are (perfect) containing both male and female reproductive structures.
The fruit in botanical terminology is not a berry, but an aggregate fruit of numerous drupelets, 1.2–2 cm diameter, ripening black or dark purple. Both first and second year shoots are spiny, with short, stout, curved, sharp spines. Mature plants form a tangle of dense arching stems, the branches rooting from the node tip when they reach the ground.
Cultivation.
Berry crop.
The species was introduced to Europe in 1835 and to Australia and North America in 1885. It was valued for its fruit, similar to that of common blackberries ("Rubus fruticosus" and allies) but larger and sweeter, making it a more attractive species for both domestic and commercial fruit production. The immature fruits are smaller, red, and hard with a much more sour taste. The cultivars "Himalayan Giant" and "Theodore Reimers" are particularly commonly planted. "Rubus armeniacus" was used in the cultivation of the Marionberry cultivar of blackberry.
Cover.
When established for several years, if left alone, "Rubus armeniacus" can grow into a large cluster of canes. These thickets can oftentimes provide good nesting grounds for birds, and help to provide places to rest/hide for other slightly larger mammals, such as rabbits, squirrels, beavers, etc.
Invasive species.
"Rubus armeniacus" soon escaped from cultivation and has become an invasive species in most of the temperate world. Because it is so hard to contain, it quickly gets out of control, with birds and other animals eating the fruit and then spreading the seeds. It is especially established West of the Cascades in the American Pacific Northwest. It does well in riparian zones due to the abundance of other species in these areas, which allows it to go relatively unnoticed until it has had a chance to establish itself. Unlike other invasive species, this plant can easily establish itself and continue to spread in ecosystems that have not experienced a disturbance. Cutting the canes to the ground, or burning thickets of "Rubus armeniacus" are ineffective removal strategies. The best practices for removal include digging up the rhizomes and connecting underground structures, and herbicides. Broken roots can resprout, making manual removal extra labor intensive, and glyphosate herbicides are largely ineffective with this plant. The most labor friendly and cost-effective way to remove this plant in smaller-scale infestations is to cut it as close to the ground as possible and then apply a drop or two of a triclopyr-based herbicide to the cut.


Dysoxylum brachybotrys

Dysoxylum brachybotrys is a tree in the family Meliaceae. The specific epithet "" is from the Greek meaning "short bunch", referring to the inflorescence.
Description.
The tree grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The flowers are cream-coloured. The fruits are red when ripe, pear-shaped, up to long.
Distribution and habitat.
"Dysoxylum brachybotrys" is found in Borneo and the Philippines. Its habitat is forests from sea-level to altitude.