Iris hookeriana

Iris hookeriana is a plant species in the genus "Iris", it is also in the subgenus "Iris" and in the section "Pseudoregelia". It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Himalayan mountains of India and Pakistan. It has long pale green or yellow green leaves, long slender stem and fragrant blue, purple or lilac flowers, that are mottled with a darker colour. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.
Description.
"Iris hookeriana" is very similar in form to "Iris kemaonensis" (another "Pseudoregelia Iris"), but has slender rhizomes, long stem and short perianth tube. But both have mottled flowers and have similar cultivation needs.
It has a slender, fleshy and knobbly (or gnarled) rhizomes, that are light brown. They are similar in form to "Iris tectorum". Underneath it has slender secondary roots.
It has linear and pale green, or yellow-green leaves, that can grow up to between long, and between 1 and 2.5 cm wide. They are semi-evergreen, and have rounded tips. They are the tallest within the "Pseudoregelia Iris" series.
It has a slender stem (or peduncle), that can grow up to between tall. Very occasionally, they can reach 30 cm tall.
The stem has 3 green, membranous, spathes (leaves of the flower bud). They are long, and wider than the main leaves. They can remain on the plant after the bloom has died.
The stems hold 2 terminal (top of stem) flowers, blooming in late spring, between April and May (in Europe), and between June and July. It has very short pedicels (flower stalks). They sometimes can bloom for only 2 days.
The fragrant flowers, come in shades of purple or blue, or lilac. Occasionally, there is a white form. They have darker blotches.
It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'.
The falls are obovate or oblong shaped, long, and 2 cm wide.
It has an oblong blade, which has a central white beard, that has coloured (orange, or yellow,) tips. The standards are erect, clawed and obovate shaped. They are long, with an oblong blade. They are not blotched.
It has a short perianth tube, that is long, and green with purple stripe, or spots. The style branch is similarly coloured as the falls and standards, but is curved inwards. It has blue filaments and creamy-white anthers. The pollen is also white. The white stigma is notched, or serrated.
After the iris has flowered, it produces a trigonal, or elliptic seed capsule, is long. It has a beak (curved ending). It splits (or dehisces), below the beak. Inside the capsule are pyriform (pear) shaped seeds, that are red with a yellowish aril (appendage).
Biochemistry.
In 1985, a phytochemical study was carried on "Iris hookeriana" specimens found in the Sonamarg region of Kashmir. They found "Irisflorentin", "irigenin", "junipigenin" and "iridin".
In 1993, a chemical study was carried out the rhizomes of "Iris hookeriana", to extract 'Piceid', a stilbene glucoside.
In 2008, a study was carried out on the effectiveness of a decoction of "Iris hookeriana" rhizome, as an anthelmintic (drugs that expel parasitic worms) used on gastrointestinal nematodes (or Trichuris ovis worms) in sheep.
In June 2012, a phytochemical study was carried out on 5 iris species growing in Kashmir, India. Including "Iris crocea", "Iris ensata", "Iris germanica", "Iris hookeriana" and "Iris kashmiriana". It found several flavonoids (including isoflavonoids, glycosides and tannins), within the irises.
As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.
It has a chromosome count or 2n=22, or 2n=24.
Studies were carried out in 1978 by Karihaloo, V. (Chromosome numbers of irises from Kashmir. CIS Chromosome Inform. Serv. Vol.24 pages 21–22), then in 1985 by Vir Jee, D. U. and P. Kachroo (Chromosomal conspectus of some alpine-subalpine taxa of Kashmir Himalaya. Chromosome Inf. Serv. 39: pages 33–35) and in 1989, by Jee, Vir, U. Dhar and P. Kachroo (Cytogeography of some endemic taxa of Kashmir Himalaya. Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad., B 55 pages 177–184).
Taxonomy.
It is pronounced as (Iris) EYE-ris (hookeriana) hook-er-ee-AN-uh.
It has the common name of Hooker's Iris. But this normally applies to "Iris hookeri" Penny ex Loudon.
The Latin specific epithet "hookeriana" refers to Sir Joseph D. Hooker.
In 1884, Mr Max Leichtlin, was given a plant specimen from some Moravians missionaries at Lahaul and Spiti district, Pakistan. He sent it to Prof. Foster.
It was then first published and described by Foster in Gardeners' Chronicle Series 3, Vol.1 on page 611 in 1887.
It was also published by Gilbert Baker in Baker, in Curtis's Botanical Magazine (Bot. Mag.) Vol.119 table 7276. in 1893, with an illustration after the specimen plant had first flowered.
It was later published in the 'Journal of the RHS' 93, f128 in 1968.
It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 9 January 2003, and then updated on 1 December 2004.
It is listed in the Encyclopedia of Life.
"Iris hookeriana" is an accepted name by the RHS and it was last listed in the RHS Plant Finder in 2013.
Distribution and habitat.
"Iris hookeriana" is native to tropical areas of Asia.
Range.
It is found in the Himalayan mountains, of India, (including the states of Himachal Pradesh, Jammu, and Uttarakhand (including the former kingdom of Kumaon,)) and in Pakistan, (including in the districts of Chitral, Swat, Gilgit, Hazara), Mansehra District, and Kashmir.
It was also found in Western Tibet, and one reference also mentions Afghanistan.
It is almost as widespread as "Iris kemaonensis", another 'Pseudoregelia iris'.
Within Mansehra District, in Pakistan, it is found in the Naran valley, at ( meters above sea level) with "Rheum australe", "Sibbaldia cuneata", "Aster falconeri" and "Ranunculus hirtellus".
Habitat.
It grows on the sunny, mountain slopes, and in alpine meadows.
They can be found at a wide ranges of altitude, between above sea level.
Cultivation.
It is hardy to Zone H3, which meaning Hardy to −10 to −15 °C (14 to 5 °F)
It needs to be grown in an alpine house or bulb frame, in the UK. It was grown in containers at Kew Gardens, which gave it protection against winter wet. But it did not last very long.
It prefers to grow in well-drained soils, with plenty of sunshine.
It needs a long hot summer, to grow well the next year. They are dormant till late in the spring, and can avoid damage by late spring frosts.


Terry Andrae State Park


Liopropoma aurora

Liopropoma aurora is a species of Perciformes in the family Serranidae.


Prostanthera striatiflora

Prostanthera striatiflora, commonly known as jockey's cap, striated mintbush or striped mintbush,
 is a species of flowering plant that is endemic to the more arid areas of Australia. It is an erect, aromatic shrub with narrow egg-shaped to narrow elliptic leaves and white flowers with purple lines inside the petal tube.
Description.
"Prostanthera striatiflora" is an erect, aromatic shrub that typically grows to a height of and has only sparsely hairy branches. The leaves are narrow egg-shaped to narrow elliptic, long, wide, mostly glabrous and sessile or on a petiole up to long. The flowers are arranged in groups of four to about twelve near the ends of branchlets, each flower on a pedicel long. The sepals are light green, often with a faint purple tinge and form a tube long with two lobes, long. The petals are white, long, forming a tube long with purple lines inside. The middle lower lobe is spatula-shaped, long and wide and the side lobes are long. The upper lip is long and wide with a central notch deep. Flowering occurs from July to November.
Taxonomy.
"Prostanthera striatiflora" was first formally described in 1853 by Ferdinand von Mueller in "Linnaea: ein Journal für die Botanik in ihrem ganzen Umfange, oder Beiträge zur Pflanzenkunde" based on plant specimens that he collected during his 1851 expedition through the Flinders Ranges in South Australia.
Distribution and habitat.
Jockey's cap occurs in arid areas of New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory where it grows in woodland in rocky, dry terrain.
Use in horticulture.
The species is cultivated for its showy flowers and aromatic foliage. It prefers a well-drained situation in full sun or partial shade and tolerates both dryness and frost. It is suited to cultivation in large containers.


Tricholosporum tetragonosporum

Tricholosporum tetragonosporum is a species of fungus in the family Tricholomataceae. Found in Morocco, the species was first described as "Tricholoma tetragonosporum" by René Maire in 1945, and transferred into "Tricholosporum" in 2000.


Colona thorelii

Colona thorelii is a species small tree, in the family Malvaceae and now placed in the subfamily Grewioideae; it is named after the French botanist Clovis Thorel. No subspecies are listed in the Catalogue of Life.
The species is distributed in southern China (S. & SE. Yunnan), Indo-China (including Vietnam) and Peninsula Malaysia.
Description.
Trees grow to 5–15 m tall, in forested areas up to 800m. The branches are grey-brown stellate and tomentose.
Leaves have a petiole 5–10 mm; leaf blades are oblong, 80-150 × 40–70 mm, thinly leathery, densely grey stellate tomentose abaxially, adaxially glabrous, smooth or slightly rough. There are five basal veins and 2-3 pairs of lateral veins; the leaf-base is rounded, margins are plain or slightly serrated near the (acute or acuminate) apex.
Flowering occurs in September–October in southern China with 40–90 mm inflorescences which are terminal or axillary at twig tips. Flower petals are 5–6 mm, with stamens as long as the petals. The bracts are triangular, ovate, or lanceolate, 5–6 mm; bracteoles obovate; pedicel 3–5 mm. Sepals are narrowly lanceolate, 6–7 mm, abaxially grey hairy and adaxially glabrous. The ovary is 3-loculed, hairy; style ca. 5 mm; the stigma is 2-lobed.
The grey seed capsules are 20–25 mm in diameter, velvety and 3-winged, with wings approx. 10 mm wide.


Caladenia alpina

Caladenia alpina, commonly known as the mountain caladenia, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is native to subalpine areas of south-eastern Australia and to New Zealand. It has a single fleshy leaf and a thin wiry flowering spike bearing two white flowers with red bars on the labellum. In New Zealand this orchid is sometimes known as "Caladenia lyallii".
Description.
"Caladenia alpina" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single, sparsely hairy, lance-shaped leaf, long and wide. The leaf is thick and fleshy and green to dark reddish-green.
One to three flowers, usually two, are borne on a spike up to high and are about in diameter. The dorsal sepal is a broad egg shape wide and curves forward to form a hood over the column. The petals and lateral sepals are broad, long and are white and glabrous on the front and pinkish red to maroon with glandular hairs on the back. The labellum is about long when flattened, white with dark red to purple spots and lines with a wavy margin, a few short teeth and a pointed tip. There are four well-spaced rows of calli on the surface of the labellum. The calli are club-shaped, yellow or whitish becoming darker and shorter towards the tip of the labellum. The column is about long with broad wings and has red spots or streaks.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Caladenia alpina" was first formally described by Richard Sanders Rogers in 1927 and the description was published in "Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia". Rogers described the species from specimens collected on Mount Bogong and Mount Hotham in Victoria and from Mount Kosciuszko in New South Wales. The specific epithet ("alpina") is a Latin word meaning "of high mountains".
In New Zealand the species is known as "Caladenia lyallii" although "some orchidologists" suggest that both "C. lyallii" and "C. alpina" occur in that country. The epithet ("lyallii") honours the Scottish botanist David Lyall, who was a friend of Joseph Hooker. "Caladenia alpina" is regarded as a synonym of "Caladenia lyallii" by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. "Caladenia lyallii" was first formally described by Joseph Dalton Hooker in "Flora Novae-Zelandiae".
Distribution and habitat.
Alpine caladenia usually grows in subalpine zones above in forest, Snow Gum woodland and herbfields or near ponds and bogs. In New South Wales it occurs on the Southern Tablelands south of the Brindabella Range and in Victoria on the Great Dividing Range and Grampians. In New Zealand, "Caladenia lyallii" occurs on both the North and South Islands as well as on Stewart Island.


Hopkinton State Park

Hopkinton State Park is a Massachusetts state park located in the towns of Hopkinton and Ashland and managed by the Department of Conservation and Recreation. The park was created after the Hopkinton Reservoir was removed from service as a water source for the Greater Boston area. In 2010, it was named as one of the 1,000 places to visit by the Great Places in Massachusetts Commission.
Activities and amenities.
The park features beaches and a bathing pond for swimming that is physically separated from Hopkinton Reservoir, where nonmotorized boating is permitted. There are seasonal facilities for kayak and canoe rental.
Park trails may be used for hiking, mountain biking, horseback riding, cross-country skiing, and snowmobiling.
There is also a camp for children and teenagers that teaches sailing, kayaking, canoeing, stand up paddle boarding and windsurfing.
Picnicking, restrooms, and fishing are also features of the park.


Quercus merrillii

Quercus merrillii is an Asian species of shrubs in the beech family. It has been found on the Island of Palawan in southwestern Philippines and also in the Malaysian parts of the nearby Island of Borneo (both Sarawak and Sabah).
"Quercus merrillii" is a shrub up to 2 meters tall. Twigs are dark brown. Leaves narrowly egg-shaped, up to 4 cm long and 2 cm wide.


Bulbine namaensis

Bulbine namaensis is a species of plant in the genus "Bulbine". It is native to Namibia and to the Cape Provinces in South Africa. Its natural habitat is dry savanna.


Ceramaster arcticus

Ceramaster arcticus, the Arctic cookie star, is a species of sea star. It is pink and often has dark red accents. It has broad arms, no spines, and no pincers, or pedicellariae. It is considered rare and only inhabits the Pacific Ocean off the coast of northwestern North America.<ref name="SEA STARS OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST Arctic Cookie Star / Ceramaster Arcticus" [>http://www.seastarsofthepacificnorthwest.info/species/arctic_cookie_star.html Sea Stars of the Pacific Northwest]</ref>
Description.
A member of the sea star genus "Ceramaster" (often referred to as cushion stars), the Arctic cookie star is broadly pentagonal, rigid, and like other "Ceramaster" species, has no arms. The species' aboral surface (i.e., the top of the sea star) has small flat-topped plates. Growing up to 11 cm across (4.2 inches), it is pink and often has red accents. The species preys on sponges.
The species is similar to the more common cookie star ("Ceramaster patagonicus").
Distribution.
The species inhabits the Pacific Ocean off the northwestern coast (intertidal zone) to a depth of ) of North America, ranging from the Aleutian Islands to the north to the Strait of Juan de Fuca to the south. While rare, according to Sea Stars of the Pacific Northwest, the species is more abundant in the northern portion of its range.


Manilkara mayarensis

Manilkara mayarensis is a plant species in the family of sapodillas, which grows wild only in Cuba's Oriente Province. Here its members range in scale from shrubs to small trees. Its usual haunts are along creeks, ravines and other naturally formed watercourses within its montane, serpentine shrubwood habitat.
Threats.
Mineral interests have often been favored over conservation considerations, and the result has meant a kind of self-perpetuating cycle of diminishing returns for both. That is to say, permanent loss of habitat is related directly to the further scarcity of the mineral resources in the mountains where "M. mayerensis" live, which is caused, yet also spurred on by, an ever greater drive to obtain said minerals.


Fritillaria davidii

Fritillaria davidii is an Asian species of herbaceous plant in the lily family, native to Sichuan Province in China.
"Fritillaria davidii" is a bulb-forming perennial up to 30 cm tall. Flowers are nodding (hanging downward), bell-shaped, yellow with purple parkings.
The species is named for Father Armand David (1826–1900), French missionary and amateur naturalist.


Turtle Group National Park

Turtle Group is a national park in Queensland, Australia, 1,634 km northwest of Brisbane.


Colorado National Monument

Colorado National Monument is a National Park Service unit near the city of Grand Junction, Colorado. Sheer-walled canyons cut deep into sandstone and granite–gneiss–schist rock formations. This is an area of desert land high on the Colorado Plateau, with pinyon and juniper forests on the plateau. The park hosts a wide range of wildlife, including red-tailed hawks, golden eagles, ravens, jays, desert bighorn sheep, and coyotes. Activities include hiking, horseback riding, road bicycling, and scenic drives; a visitor center on the west side contains a natural history museum and gift shop. There are scenic views from trails, Rim Rock Drive, which winds along the plateau, and the campground. Nearby are the Book Cliffs and the largest flat-topped mountain in the world, the Grand Mesa.
The monument's feature attraction is "Monument Canyon", which runs the width of the park and includes rock formations such as Independence Monument, the Kissing Couple, and Coke Ovens. The monument includes , much of which has been recommended to Congress for designation as wilderness.
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Park history.
The area was first explored by John Otto, who settled in Grand Junction in the early 20th century. Prior to Otto's arrival, many area residents believed the canyons to be inaccessible to humans. Otto began building trails on the plateau and into the canyons. As word spread about his work, the Chamber of Commerce of Grand Junction sent a delegation to investigate. The delegation returned praising both Otto's work and the scenic beauty of the wilderness area, and the local newspaper began lobbying to make it a National Park. A bill was introduced and carried by the local Representatives to the U.S. Congress and Senate but a Congressional slowdown in the final months threatened the process. To ensure protection of the canyons President William Howard Taft (who had visited the area) stepped in and used the highest powers available to him via the Antiquities Act and presidential proclamation to declare the canyons as a national monument.
The area was established as Colorado National Monument on May 24, 1911. Otto was hired as the first park ranger, drawing a salary of $1 per month. For the next 16 years, he continued building and maintaining trails while living in a tent in the park.
The park became more well known in the 1980s partly due to its inclusion as a stage of the major international bicycle race, the Coors Classic. The race through the park became known as "The Tour of the Moon", due to the spectacular landscapes the race passed through on Rim Rock Drive.
The issue of national park status has arisen time and again, usually during bust cycles brought on by the Uranium industry and later oil and gas. As of June, 2014 Congressman Scott Tipton and Senator Mark Udall have carried the process closer to fruition than any other representatives since the initial effort in 1907. The two Representatives appointed an 18-member committee of locals to study the issue and learn the facts in 2011. After a ground swell of support from local residents and business owners, the Representatives then appointed a committee of five local residents to write draft legislation. The draft legislation was announced and released in early 2014. A public comment period on the draft legislation began soon after with an end date of June 29. Documentary producer Ken Burns (National Parks: America's Best Idea) weighed in of the effort, endorsing national park status for the Colorado National Monument. Burns compared the area to Seward, Alaska which overcame opposition to create Kenai Fjords National Park. Burns said Seward locals came to refer to Kenai Fjords National Park as a "permanent pipeline".
Climate.
Ecologically, Colorado National Monument sits on a large area of high desert in Western Colorado, though under the Köppen climate classification, it, like neighbouring Grand Junction, is temperate semi-arid. Summers are hot and dry while winters cold with some snow. Temperatures reach on 5.3 days, on 57 days, and remain at or below freezing on 13 days annually.
Trails.
The Monument contains many hiking trails, with lengths and difficulties to suit all tastes. Summer storms can cause flash floods as well as dangerous trail conditions. Rattlesnakes are found on the Monument, and rough terrain exists everywhere, but most trails are well-maintained. Winter cross-country skiing is occasionally possible on trails such as the Liberty Cap Trail.
Serpents Trail, perhaps the most popular, follows the route of the original road to the top of the Monument. This trail is accessible by parking lots at both ends, both located off Rim Rock Drive. Serpents Trail is well-maintained and provides stunning views of both the Monument itself and the Grand Valley below. One of the shortest trails, also popular, is Devil's Kitchen. The trailhead is located near the eastern entrance of the park on Rim Rock Drive. This trail is about 1 mile long, and ends in a sandstone grotto. Devil's Kitchen trail is well suited for families with smaller children, as the hike is short and the "kitchen" itself provides plenty of opportunity for child-sized exploration.
Liberty Cap trail starts from the valley floor and climbs to the rim of the Monument. Liberty Cap itself is an ancient sand dune, and provides a beautiful view of the Grand Valley. Corkscrew Trail, closed for many years but re-opened in mid-2006, branches off the Liberty Cap and skirts a small canyon and cliffs that cannot be seen from the valley floor. This trail, the only loop trail on the Monument, is about 3 miles long and features a less rigorous climb than Liberty Cap.
Monument Canyon trail, also popular, follows Monument Canyon for about 5 miles. This trail is often hiked up-and-back, and provides close-up views of Independence Monument, the Colorado National Monument's most distinct feature, as well as a formation named Kissing Couple. The lower trailhead is accessible from CO 340 (Broadway).
No Thoroughfare Trail starts at the bottom of No Thoroughfare Canyon, near the east entrance. As the name implies, there is no official trail to the top of this canyon. The dead-end trail goes a few miles into the canyon, and up-and-back hiking is required. Some hikers have found a way to get through the entire canyon, but after a certain point the trail becomes difficult and unmarked. No Thoroughfare Canyon does have small waterfalls during the spring run-off, but is dry for most of the year.
Colorado National Monument was rated in 2017 as the best campsite in Colorado in a 50-state survey conducted by Msn.com.
Historic preservation.
Many of the early visitor facilities at Colorado National Monument were designed by the National Park Service and constructed by the Public Works Administration and the Civilian Conservation Corps. Several of these areas have been placed on the National Register of Historic Places in recognition of this and in consequence of their adherence to the National Park Service Rustic design standards of the time. The entire Rim Rock Drive is a National Historic District, as well as the Serpents Trail, the Devils Kitchen Picnic Shelter, and three places in the Saddlehorn area: the Saddlehorn Caretaker's House and Garage, Saddlehorn Comfort Station, and the Saddlehorn Utility Area Historic District. The Visitor Center complex is also included as an example of the Mission 66 program.
Geology.
The park's geologic record preserves three different groups of rock and sediment. The oldest rocks are Early to Middle Proterozoic gneiss and schist, including the Ute Canyon Stock. Overlying these, and separated by an angular unconformity, are mostly horizontally bedded Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, including the cliff-forming Wingate Sandstone. Overlying these are various types of Quaternary unconsolidated deposits such as alluvium, colluvium, and dunes. The sedimentary rocks are folded into monoclines by several faults, including the Redlands Thrust Fault.


Goddard Memorial State Park

Goddard Memorial State Park is a public recreation area occupying along the shores of Greenwich Cove and Greenwich Bay in Warwick, Rhode Island. The state park grounds were once the estate of Civil War officer and Rhode Island politician Robert Goddard, whose children gave the land to the state in 1927 as a memorial to their father. The park features a nine-hole golf course, an equestrian area with of bridle trails, swimming beach, canoeing area, picnicking facilities, game fields, and a performing arts center.


Oeceoclades alismatophylla

Oeceoclades alismatophylla is a species of orchid in the genus "Oeceoclades" that is native to Comoros and northeastern Madagascar. It was first described by the German botanist Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach in 1885 as "Eulophia alismatophylla" and later transferred to the genus "Eulophidium" in 1957 by V.S. Summerhayes. When Leslie Andrew Garay and Peter Taylor revised the genus "Oeceoclades" in 1976, they transferred this species to the expanded "Oeceoclades" as "O. alismatophylla". Garay and Taylor noted that this species is broadly similar in vegetative morphology to "O. analamerensis", "O. lonchophylla", and "O. petiolata" but could be distinguished from them in floral morphology, with "O. alismatophylla" having lateral labellum lobes that are larger than the middle one.


Leucospermum muirii

Leucospermum muirii is a rounded, upright, evergreen shrub of about 1½ m (5 ft) high, with a single trunk at its base, that is assigned to the Proteaceae. The flowering branches are thick and are initially grey due to a covering of fine crinkly hairs, which are soon lost. The very narrow spade-shaped leaves of about 5 cm (2 in) long and ¾ cm (0.3 in) wide carry three to seven teeth, and also quickly lose their soft layer of hairs. Its smallish globe-shaped flower heads of 2–3 cm (0.8–1.2 in) in diameter occur with one to four together, each on a stalk of 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) long. It has pale to greenish yellow flowers, becoming orange with age, with some long hairs near their tips, from which straight styles stick out. This gives the flower head the likeness of a pincushion. It flowers from July till October and is pollinated by birds. It is called Albertinia pincushion in English and bloukoolhout in Afrikaans. It is an endemic species that can only be found near Albertinia in the very south of the Western Cape province of South Africa.
Description.
"Leucospermum muirii" is an evergreen, rounded, upright shrub of about 1½ m (5 ft) high, branching from a central trunk. The flowering branches are slim, thick, which are initially covered with soft grey crinkly hairs, which are lost over time. The leaves a almost linear to very narrowly spade-shaped, long and wide with three to seven teeth near its tip, the surface at first with soft crisped hairs which are soon lost however.
The flower heads are set individually or in groups of two to four together, globe-shaped in diameter, each set on an inflorescence stalk of long. The common base of the flowers in the same head is broad conical in shape, approximately 1 cm (0.4 in) long and 8 mm (0.32 in) wide, which is subtended by oval bracts with a pointy tip, long and about 4 mm (0.16 in) wide, tightly overlapping, rubbery in consistency, greyish softly hairy. The bracts that subtend the individual flower are broadly oval with a pointy tip, about long and wide, rubbery in consistency, with dense woolly hairs at their base and rubbery in consistency.
The 4-merous perianth is 1¼–1½ cm (0.5–0.6 in) long, pale to greenish yellow in colour. The lowest, fully merged, part of the perianth, called tube, is about ½ cm (0.2 in) long, cylindric in shape or slightly laterally compressed, hairless at base and minutely powdery where it merges into the middle part (or claws) where the perianth is split lengthwise, which is also powdery or have very short hairs. The upper part (or limbs), which enclosed the pollen presenter in the bud consists of four narrowly lanceolate lobes of about long, with the outer surface of the limbs facing sideways and to the center of the flower head have a tuft of long hairs, the lobe facing the rim of the flower head hardly so. From the perianth emerges a straight style, 1¼–2¼ cm (0.5–0.9 in) long, topped by a very slight thickening called pollen presenter. That is cylinder-shaped, about 1 mm (0.04 in) long, with the very end split in two. The ovary is subtended by four pale yellow, awl-shaped nectar producing scales of about 1 mm (0.02 in) long.
The subtribe Proteinae, to which the genus "Leucospermum" has been assigned, consistently has a basic chromosome number of twelve (2n=24).
Differences with related species.
"L. muirii" looks like "L. truncatum", which has more soft hair on its broader leaves.
Taxonomy.
As far as we know, the Albertinia pincushion was first collected for science by the South African naturalist John Muir in 1909, from a location called Zandhoogte near Albertinia. In 1910, Edwin Percy Phillips described it and named it in honor of its collector "Leucospermum muirii". It has been assigned to the section "Tumiditubus".
Distribution, habitat and ecology.
"Leucospermum muirii" is an endemic species restricted to the Albertinia plateau a few miles east and west of Albertinia village and from there to the coast in the south between Still Bay and Gouritsmond at altitudes varying between 90 and 250 m (300–800 ft). The Albertinia pincushion only grows in flats consisting of deep, white sands, where it may form small dense stands, in the company of several Ericaceae, tall Restionaceae, "Leucadendron galpinii", "Leucospermum praecox" and "Protea repens". It is pollinated by birds. The seeds need about two months to ripen and subsequently fall to the ground, to be collected by ants and carried into their underground nests. The plants die when exposed to one of the wildfires that naturally occurs in the fynbos where this plant grows, but the stored seeds will subsequently germinate to continuate the population.
Conservation.
The Albertinia pincushion is considered endangered as it has a very limited distribution of below 169 km2 (65 mi2) and is under thread by agricultural development, so-called field improvements to increase the yield of tall restionids for thatching, invasive species, urban expansion near Albertinia and climate change. The species can often only be found on roadsides, suggesting it has already disappeared from the surrounding fields.


Bulbophyllum aeolium

Bulbophyllum aeolium is a species of orchid in the genus "Bulbophyllum".


Aplidium californicum

Aplidium californicum is a species of colonial sea squirt, a tunicate in the family Polyclinidae. It is commonly known as sea pork.
Description.
"Aplidium californicum" is a compound tunicate forming sheets, mounds or slabs on rocks and other hard substrates. The tunic is jelly-like in consistency, 1 to 3 cm thick and a shiny yellow, orange, reddish-brown or a translucent white colour. The individual zooids are brown or buff, 6 mm long and arranged in oval or elongate systems. Each one is subdivided into a thorax, an abdomen and a postabdomen. There are usually 10 to 12 rows of perforations.
Distribution.
"Aplidium californicum" is common on the west coast of North America from British Columbia south to Baja California, Mexico and the Galapagos Islands. It is found in the intertidal zone and at depths down to 85 metres.
Biology.
"Aplidium californicum" is a filter feeder. Water is sucked into the interior of the organism through a siphon and then expelled through another one. Phytoplankton and other small organisms get trapped in mucus threads secreted by the endostyle. The tunicate seems to form a symbiotic relationship with the bryozoan "Bugula neritina".
Certain antineoplastic agents, bryostatins 4 and 5, have been extracted from "Aplidium californicum" and are being evaluated.


Curtis Island National Park

Curtis Island National Park is on Curtis Island, Queensland, Australia, in the Gladstone Region, northwest of Brisbane and southeast of Rockhampton.
The island features coastal heaths, littoral rainforest, sand dunes and beach ridges and salt flats. The national park encompasses the Cape Capricorn headland.
No facilities are provided for campers. Bush camping is permitted in three camp grounds.
Heritage listings.
Curtis Island has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:


Madhuca endertii

Madhuca endertii is a plant in the family Sapotaceae.
Description.
"Madhuca endertii" grows as a tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . Inflorescences bear up to three flowers. The fruits are ellipsoid, up to long.
Distribution and habitat.
"Madhuca endertii" is endemic to Borneo. Its habitat is montane forests from altitude.
Conservation.
"Madhuca endertii" has been assessed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. The species is threatened by logging and conversion of land for palm oil plantations.


Uronema elegans

Uronema elegans is a species of ciliates in the family Uronematidae. It is found in Norway.


Andiorrhinus

Andiorrhinus is a genus of earthworm in the family Glossoscolecidae. The genus contains 37 species subdivided into four subgenera.


Kabatiella caulivora

Kabatiella caulivora is fungus in the family Saccotheciaceae. It is a plant pathogen infecting red clover.


Sisters State Park

Sisters State Park is a state park located at the southeast side of the town of Sisters in Deschutes County, Oregon, United States. The park property is bisected by U.S. Route 20 and Oregon Route 126, creating three separate parcels. The park covers of undeveloped forest land along Whychus Creek. It is adjacent to two developed city parks that were once part of the state park. Sisters State Park is administered by the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department.
History.
Sister State Park is located near where four Native American trails converged. One of the trails came from the north, originating near The Dalles. Another came trail from the northeast. A third came from the Sparks Lake area, to the southwest. The fourth trail came from the west, along what was later called the "Scott Trail".
Sister State Park was established in 1939. The park was named for the adjacent town of Sisters. The town of Sisters takes its name from the Three Sisters, three large volcanic mountains located in the Cascade Range overlooking the community.
The original on the outskirts of Sisters was purchased by Louis W. Hill for $1,532. The price Hill paid for the property was based on a rate of $4 per thousand board feet for 383,000 board feet of standing ponderosa pine timber growing on the land at the time he bought it. After he purchased to land, Hill donated it to the State of Oregon for a park or some other public purpose. It was Hill's desire to preserve the old-growth pine forest on the property for the use and enjoyment of future generations. Hill also wanted to ensure that the property was not used for any purpose that might create a traffic hazard at the adjacent highway junction.
In 1983, the State of Oregon transferred ownership of of park land to the City of Sisters. The area given to the city is all on the west side of U.S. Route 20. The city used the land to create two municipal parks adjacent to the remaining state park property. The city established a day-use picnic area on the north side of Squaw Creek (now officially renamed Whychus Creek). On the south side of the creek, the city took over the state's existing campground. The day-use site is called "Creekside Park" while the camping area is known as "Sisters Creekside Campground". Both parks are owned and maintained by the City of Sisters. The remaining state park property is east of the two municipal parks.
In 1990, the City of Sisters created a park master plan that identified how the two creek side parks would be developed. However, the city never submitted the plan to the State of Oregon for approval. A subsequent city plan in 2011 suggested that a playground and volleyball courts be built at the park site. The plan also recommended that the existing restroom facilities be renovated, electrical upgrade be made to park lighting, and a kiosk with a city map be installed. However, no action was taken to implement those plans. In 2014, the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department notified the city that no new development will be allowed in either of the municipal parks until a new Creekside Park Master Plan is submitted and approved.
Topography.
Sisters State Park is located inside the city limits of Sisters, a small incorporated town within Deschutes County in Central Oregon. The land to the north and south of Sisters State Park is zoned for residential development. To the west are two municipal parks. The east side of the park is bordered by a city street with the city limits on the opposite side of the road.
The park is bisected by U.S. Route 20 and Oregon Route 126. The junction of the two highways is the middle of the park, dividing the state park property into three parts. One parcel is a narrow strip of land that runs along the west side of the Route 20. The other two parcels are located north and south of Route 126.
Whychus Creek is a perennial stream with headwaters in the Three Sisters Wilderness area. The creek flows southwest to northeast through the park. On the west side, the creek divides the two municipal parks. It then flows under the highway and through Sisters State Park, exiting park property on the north side boundary. The land throughout the park area is generally flat with a gentle down-hill slope toward Whychus Creek.
Ecology.
Whychus Creek creates a narrow riparian zone through the middle of the park area. However, most of the park is open conifer forest. The park has loose alluvial soil. The soil supports a large stand of old-growth Ponderosa pine. Quaking aspen are also found in the park. Manzanita and wax currant a common ground cover plants in the area. Local wildflowers include arrow balsam, Indian paintbrush, lupine, penstemon, and pinedrop.
The water level in Whychus Creek fluctuates dramatically with the seasons, running high in the spring and dropping to a minimal flow in late summer. Nevertheless, the stream does maintain a native fish population. Fishing near of the campground is poor. However, there are small rainbow trout found upstream from the campground. Larger fish including redband trout up to in length can be found downstream near where the creek flows into the Deschutes River.
Large mammals found in the Whychus Creek watershed include black-tail deer, mule deer, coyote, American black bear, and bobcat. Smaller mammals include American badger, common porcupine, striped skunk, raccoon, black-tailed jackrabbit, western gray squirrel, golden-mantled ground squirrel, and least chipmunk.
Mountain chickadee, Western meadowlark, mountain bluebird, Brewer's blackbirds, and several warbler species are common in the Sisters area. Other larger birds found in the area include northern flicker, black-billed magpie, American kestrel, Cooper's hawk, and red-tailed hawk plus 11 woodpeckers species.
Adjacent parks.
While the remaining of state park land are undeveloped, the adjacent municipal park area is developed for both day-use and camping. The two adjacent municipal parks are both well used. The parks have good access roads and parking areas. Creekside Park has a large well maintained lawn, a drinking fountain, benches, picnic tables, and barbeque grills for day-use. The camping area in Sisters Creekside Campground has several grassy areas with potable water taps, restrooms, and a shower facility. The campground has 60 campsites including 25 with recreational vehicle hook-ups. There are picnic tables and fire pits at individual campsites. The two parks are divided by Whychus Creek. However, there is a covered walking bridge connecting the parks. Both parks are within walking distance of downtown Sisters.


Caladenia nothofageti

Caladenia nothofageti, commonly known as beech caladenia or white fingers, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to New Zealand. It has a single, sparsely hairy, long, thin leaf and one or two white flowers with greenish-white backs, on a thin stalk.
Description.
"Caladenia nothofageti" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber. It has a single, sparsely hairy, bright green leaf long and wide. One or sometimes two white flowers with a greenish-white back, across are borne on a thin, wiry stem tall. The sepals and petals are long and wide. The dorsal sepal is erect, to slightly curved forward, the lateral sepals and petals are held horizontally or slightly downwards. The labellum is long, about wide and white or (rarely) cream-coloured with faint red bars. The sides of the labellum turn upwards and partly embrace the column and there are four to six blunt teeth on the edges near the front, with the tip of the labellum curled under. There are two rows of pale yellow calli along the centre of the labellum. Flowering occurs from November to January but the flowers are self-pollinating and only open for a day or two.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Caladenia nothofageti" was first formally described in 1997 by David Jones, Brian Molloy and Mark Clements and the description was published in "The Orchadian".
Distribution and habitat.
Beech caladenia occurs on both the North and South Island of New Zealand growing in "Nothofagus" forest in well-lit sites.
Conservation.
"Caladenia nothofageti" is listed as "not threatened" in New Zealand.


Campodea emeryi

Campodea emeryi is a species of two-pronged bristletail in the family Campodeidae.
Subspecies.
These three subspecies belong to the species "Campodea emeryi":


Berry Petroleum Company

Berry Petroleum Corporation is a company engaged in hydrocarbon exploration. It operates in California (78% of 2019 production), the Uintah Basin (17% of 2019 production), and the Piceance Basin (5% of 2019 production). As of December 31, 2019, the company had of estimated proved reserves, of which 87% was petroleum and 13% was natural gas.
History.
The company was founded in 1909 by Clarence Berry in California.
In August 1996, the company acquired Tannehill Oil and its affiliates for $25.2 million.
In 2003, the company acquired properties in the Uintah Basin in northwestern Utah.
In February 2013, Linn Energy acquired the company for $4.3 billion, including $2.5 billion in stock.
In February 2017, Linn Energy completed a financial restructure that included the corporate spin-off of Berry into a separate company.
In July 2018, the company became a public company via an initial public offering.
1993 oil spill.
In December 1993, an oil pipeline owned by the company leaked, resulting in a spill of 84,000 gallons of heavy crude oil into McGrath Lake, near Oxnard, California. Berry had acquired the 40-year-old pipeline from Chevron Corporation in 1990 after it had been abandoned for 10 years. The line had been used to transport natural gas, yet Berry began to pump crude oil through it without making any upgrades. It was revealed that 10 months before the oil spill occurred, a safety valve that might have prevented the leak had broken and was not repaired. In August 1994, Berry agreed to pay $600,000 and pleaded no contest to a single misdemeanor charge of failing to report the leak. In addition, the foreman on duty during the spill pleaded no contest to a charge of illegally releasing oil into marine water and was ordered to perform 320 hours of beach cleanup. The civil case from the state attorney general's office was settled in January 1997, when the company agreed to a $3.2 million fine.


Sarcochilus spathulatus

Sarcochilus spathulatus, commonly known as the small butterfly orchid, is a small epiphytic orchid endemic to eastern Australia. It has a single, more or less pendent growth with up to ten thin, leathery leaves and up to five green to dark brown flowers with a cream-coloured labellum that has purple markings.
Description.
"Sarcochilus spathulatus" is a small epiphytic herb with a single, more or less pendent growth with stems long. There are between two and ten thin, leathery, narrow egg-shaped leaves long and wide. Up to five green to dark brown flowers long and wide are widely spaced on a pendulous flowering stem long. The sepals and petals are narrow oblong, often distinctly expanded near the tip. The dorsal sepal is long and wide whilst the lateral sepals are slightly longer and wider. The petals are long and about wide. The labellum is cream-coloured with purplish markings, about long with three lobes. The side lobes are erect, expanded near the tip and the middle lobe is purple. Flowering occurs between July and October.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Sarcochilus spathulatus" was first formally described in 1927 by Richard Sanders Rogers and the description was published in "Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia". The specific epithet ("spathulatus") is derived from the Latin word "spatha" meaning "paddle for stirring or mixing".
Distribution and habitat.
The small butterfly orchid grows on the outer branches of trees in rainforest or drier forests near streams. It is found between the Bunya Mountains in Queensland and the Hunter River in New South Wales.


Palaquium herveyi

Palaquium herveyi is a tree in the family Sapotaceae.
Description.
"Palaquium herveyi" grows up to tall. The bark is reddish brown. Inflorescences bear up to six brownish flowers. The fruits are ellipsoid, up to long.
Distribution and habitat.
"Palaquium herveyi" is native to Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. Its habitat is mixed dipterocarp forests.
Conservation.
"Palaquium herveyi" has been assessed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List. The species is threatened by logging and conversion of forest land to palm oil plantations.


Parablechnum gregsonii

Parablechnum gregsonii, synonym Blechnum gregsonii, is a type of fern, mostly seen in the Illawarra and Blue Mountains areas of eastern Australia, often near waterfalls and moist gullies.
Description.
"Parablechnum gregsonii" is a fern with a creeping rhizome and pendent, mostly pinnate fronds long. The pinnae are bright green, mostly long with coarse teeth near the tips.
Taxonomy and naming.
This species was first formally described in 1915 by William Walter Watts from a specimen collected by "Mr Jesse Gregson...in 1902" and given the name "Blechnum capense" var. "gregsonii". The description was published in the "Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales". The specific epithet ("gregsonii") honours Edward Jesse Gregson who collected the type specimen "on a wet ledge in the face of a perpendicular cliff overlooking a permanent creek in a gully at the base of Green Mountain, a little on the Bell side of Mount Wilson." In 1960, Mary Tindale elevated the variety to the species "Blechnum gregsonii". In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), this species is placed in the genus "Parablechnum".
Distribution and habitat.
This fern occurs in the Blue Mountains and ranges of the Illawarra region, where it grows in cool rainforest, often in damp places near waterfalls.


Rhododendron rubiginosum

Rhododendron rubiginosum (红棕杜鹃) is a rhododendron species native to Myanmar, and Sichuan, Xizang, and Yunnan in China, where it grows at altitudes of . This evergreen shrub grows to in height, with leaves that are elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate or oblong-ovate, 3.5–8 by 1.3–3.5 cm in size. The flowers are pink, red, or pale purple.


Big Ridge State Park

Big Ridge State Park is a state park in Union County, Tennessee, in the southeastern United States. The park consists of on the southern shore of the Norris Reservoir, an impoundment of the Clinch River created by the completion of Norris Dam in 1936. Much of the park's recreational focus is on Big Ridge Lake, a sub-impoundment of Norris near the center of the park.
Big Ridge State Park was first developed by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), the National Park Service and the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) in the 1930s as part of the greater Norris Project. The park was one of three of the project's demonstration recreational areas that eventually became state parks (Norris Dam State Park and Cove Lake State Park are the other two). The park's recreational facilities opened in May 1934. The park is now operated and maintained by the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation.
Geographical setting.
Big Ridge State Park is located in the Appalachian Ridge-and-Valley range, which is characterized by narrow elongate ridges flanked by fertile stream valleys. The park's topography is dominated by three such ridge systems running roughly parallel to one another, the two northernmost of which are bisected by the Big Ridge Lake inlet of Norris Lake. The northernmost ridge is known as "Lone Mountain" west of the inlet and "Big Ridge" east of the inlet. The central ridge is known as "Bluebird Ridge" west of the inlet and "Pinnacle Ridge" east of the inlet. The southernmost ridge, which is not bisected by the inlet, is known as "Chestnut Ridge." The northern and central ridge systems are divided by Dark Hollow, a narrow valley that spans the entire park. The central and southern ridges are divided by a valley known as Blue Mud Valley west of the inlet and Poor Land Valley east of the inlet.
The Clinch River flows southwestward from its source in Virginia through much of northeastern Tennessee before emptying into the Tennessee River near Kingston. Norris Dam, located upstream from the Clinch's mouth, retains a reservoir that spans a stretch of the river and covers nearly . Big Ridge State Park is located above the river's mouth, at the confluence of the Clinch River and Mill Creek. The two streams converge at a mile-wide section of the lake known as Loyston Sea, named after the community of Loyston which was once situated in the lower Mill Creek valley.
The water gap between Lone Mountain and Big Ridge became a narrow inlet with the creation of Norris Lake. The inlet, which joins the south side of Loyston Sea, stretches southward for just over a mile before forking at a knob known as Loyston Overlook. Big Ridge Dam, a spillway dam, impounds the eastern leg of this fork, forming the Big Ridge Lake.
Natural information.
Like most of the Ridge-and-Valley province, Big Ridge State Park is underlain by early Paleozoic-age rocks created from ancient ocean sediments several hundred million years ago. Limestone formations are common in the valleys and hollows, whereas more resistant sandstone and shale formations are common along the ridges. Dolomitic limestone caps are occasionally found on some of the more blunt ridgetops. The ridges themselves were created 200-300 million years during the Appalachian orogeny. The soil in the area is relatively shallow and early farmers considered it poor for growing crops.
Most of Big Ridge State Park is coated in a second-growth southern hardwood forest, with oak, hickory, tuliptree, and basswood being the most common species. Table mountain pine, shortleaf pine, and red cedar are found in drier areas and along ridge slopes. Wildlife species include white-tail deer, beaver, heron, and wood duck. Migrating bald eagles and golden eagles are occasionally spotted in winter. Big Ridge Lake is home to several species of fish, including bluegill, largemouth bass, spotted bass, crappie, flathead catfish, and freshwater drum.
History.
Early history.
In anticipation of the flooding of the Norris Basin in the 1930s, the Smithsonian Institution conducted an extensive archaeological survey of the region and located nearly two dozen prehistoric Native American sites. At a site known as the Hill Farm Stone Mounds approximately northeast of Loyston, excavators uncovered a townhouse with a clay seat and altar, a floor covered with sand and clay, and postholes suggesting that it was constructed using small upright logs thatched together with grass and cane. At the confluence of the Clinch and Powell rivers, approximately northwest of the present park boundary, archaeologists excavated a mound nearly in diameter. The excavation revealed a townhouse-like structure with a clay seat and a circular clay fireplace. These structures likely date to the Mississippian period (c. 1000-1500 AD). By the time the first European explorers arrived in the region in the 18th century, the Cherokee were in control of the area.
In 1761, a group of long hunters led by Elisha Walden hunted in the Clinch and Powell valleys from a station camp in southwestern Virginia. The long hunting expeditions of the 1760s were followed by a flood of settlers in the 1770s and 1780s. As trans-Appalachian migration increased in the waning years of the American Revolution, small forts sprang up throughout the Tennessee Valley to provide migrants with rest stops and protect local settlers from hostile Cherokee attacks. In the 1780s, a German pioneer named Henry Sharp (1735–1814) established Sharp's Station on the banks of the Clinch in what is now the northern section of Big Ridge State Park. Peter Graves, a settler living at Sharp's Station, was ambushed and killed atop Big Ridge in November 1794. Sharp's Station itself was attacked the following month, although the settlers successfully fought off the attackers. Sharp's descendants were still in possession of the land when TVA began buying up the property in the 1930s.
The community of Loyston (initially known as Loy's Crossroads), now under the lake just north of the park, was established by John Loy in the early 19th century. The Loy and Sharp families both operated iron furnaces using ore mined along Big Ridge, creating mostly tools and household items. By the early 20th century, Loyston had grown into a regional trading center for the Big Ridge area.
The Norris Project.
Throughout the 1920s, various groups lobbied state and federal legislatures to gain funding for a dam at the confluence of Cove Creek and the Clinch River. The Cove Creek Project, as it was initially called, sought to bring electricity to the Clinch region and provide much needed flood control to the Tennessee Valley. When the newly created TVA took up the project in 1933, it renamed it after its chief advocate in Congress, Nebraska senator George Norris. Along with flood control and electricity, TVA sought to develop several recreational areas in order to demonstrate the recreational opportunities that would come with the creation of large reservoirs.
Civilian Conservation Corps Company 4495, which was originally based in Loyston, began work on Big Ridge State Park in October 1934. The CCC built several rustic cabins, the sandy beach, a lodge, and restored the c.-1825 Norton Gristmill. TVA and the CCC constructed Big Ridge Dam during this period so that the park would have a lake area not affected by seasonal drawdowns of the Norris Reservoir.
The park today.
Big Ridge State Park currently maintains a 50-site campground, 19 rustic cabins, a large group camp area, a meeting hall, and several athletic fields. The park's sandy beach, which is open during summer months, is a popular swimming area. While private boats are not allowed on Big Ridge Lake, the park maintains a boat launch along Norris Lake in the western section of the park. Annual events include an Easter egg hunt held the day before Easter, a Bluegrass music festival held the third Friday in August, a medieval tournament held in October by the Society for Creative Anachronism, and night hikes and ghost storytelling sessions led by park rangers on Friday and Saturday nights in October.
Over of hiking trails criss-cross the ridges and hollows connecting all sections of the park. The Lake Trail follows the shore of Big Ridge Lake, connecting the Visitor Center area with Big Ridge Dam. The trail provides access to Meditation Point— a small hill topped by a sheltered bench— and the Loyston Overlook. The Big Valley Trail follows an old road over Pinnacle Ridge, connecting the Norton Gristmill area with Dark Hollow. The West and East Dark Hollow trails traverse the entirety of Dark Hollow between Big Ridge and Pinnacle Ridge. The Indian Rock Loop crosses the crest of Big Ridge past Indian Rock before descending the steep northern slope of the ridge to the Sharp's Station area. The Ghost House Loop passes Norton Cemetery and an area traditionally believed to be haunted.
The Norton Gristmill is the park's most prominent historical feature. The mill was built in 1825 by Tink McCoy and later purchased by Lewis Norton. The mill is now mostly a replica, although the original mill race and millstones remain. Other historical features include Indian Rock, atop Big Ridge, where a plaque marks the site of the 1794 ambush of Peter Graves. A small monument at the now-disinterred Lon Sharp Cemetery in the northeast section of the park recalls the 18th-century Sharp's Station, which was believed to have been located near the cemetery. Norton Cemetery houses the grave of Maston Hutcheson (1826–1910), who according to local lore is responsible for hauntings in the area. A few minor remains of Hutcheson's house are still visible at the junction of the Ghost House Loop Trail and the Big Valley Trail connector.


Eucephalus paucicapitatus

Eucephalus paucicapitatus is a North American species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Olympic Mountain aster. It grows on rocky slopes and in subalpine meadows at high elevations in and near Olympic National Park in the US State of Washington, and on Vancouver Island in the Canadian Province of British Columbia.
"Eucephalus paucicapitatus" is a perennial herb up to 55 cm (22 inches) tall, with a woody caudex. One plant will usually produce 2-4 flower heads per stem. Each head has 7-21 white ray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets.


Euphorbia griseola

Euphorbia griseola is a species of plant in the family Euphorbiaceae.


Bayard Cutting Arboretum State Park

Bayard Cutting Arboretum State Park is a state park located in the hamlet of Great River, New York, on Long Island. The park includes an arboretum designed by Frederick Law Olmsted for William Bayard Cutting in 1886, as well as a mansion designed by Charles C. Haight. Today Bayard Cutting Arboretum State Park is one of the last remaining estates on the South Shore of Long Island. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1973 as a historic district.
History.
William "Bayard" Cutting, a prominent New York City lawyer, and his brother Fulton purchased over 900 acres in the village of Oakdale from George Lorillard in 1881. The two Cutting brothers split the property originally known as Westbrook Farm with Fulton retaining Lorillard's house and Bayard building another. Both brothers were the grandsons of Robert Cutting, who had been Robert Fulton's partner in the ferry from Brooklyn to New York.
In 1895, Bayard and his brother installed a golf course at Westbrook, which was the first private golf course in the United States. The course was designed by Willie Dunn who had also created the Shinnecock Hills golf course in Southampton. It was a nine-hole course and for many years hosted the Westbrook Cup tournament.
Other changes to the estate took place when a fire in 1895 burned down many of the farm buildings. Stanford White was commissioned to draw the plans for a modern dairy, Westbrook Farms, with many innovative features.
In 1899, a hunting lodge, made only of cedar logs, was built on the property. There was an earthen floor and a stone fireplace complete with irons and spits. Wooden pegs were used as hangers. The cabin was modeled after those used by pioneers.
Bayard Cutting died on March 1, 1912, due to complications from heart disease. He was 62 years old and buried in the family vault at Greenwood Cemetery in Brooklyn. After his death, his widow, Mrs. Olivia Cutting, inherited over $9 million from his estate when it was probated in 1913.
Mansion.
The house at the heart of the park, Westbrook, is modeled on a Tudor-style English country house. The interior of the 60-room mansion features large pieces of oak furniture, stained-glass windows, and imported fireplaces. Views of the Connetquot River can be seen from across the open lawn.
Landscape.
Bayard began developing the grounds of his home in 1887 with the assistance of Frederick Law Olmsted with a focus on the landscape's natural beauty. Charles Sprague Sargent, director of the Arnold Arboretum in Boston, advised Cutting in developing the extensive conifer collection north of the carriage house. Cutting also was in touch with Ernest Wilson, who was sponsored by Harvard University to bring back tree specimens from China.
The original rhododendrons and first tree specimens at the arboretum came from nurseries in England in the early 1900s. Other trees in the park included: firs, spruces, pines, hemlock, cedar and yews originating from Europe, Spain, Greece, Japan, China and Africa.
Park.
On June 18, 1936, the Long Island State Park Commission was gifted 200 acres of the Cutting estate for use as an arboretum by Mrs. Bayard James, daughter of William Cutting, with the stipulation that she and her mother keep full use of the property as long as either is living. Both the house and property were given to the people of Long Island "to provide an oasis of beauty and quiet for the pleasure, rest, and refreshment of those who delight in outdoor beauty; and to bring about a greater appreciation and understanding of the value and importance of informal planting".
The Long Island State Park Commission took over control of the park on Dec. 1, 1952. An endowment fund of $1,000,000 had been set up by Mrs. Cutting who died November 15, 1949 Alterations were made to the property including the addition of bathrooms and parking lots and adding a tearoom to the main house. Improvements were also made to roads and paths.
The park officially opened to the public on May 15, 1954. In keeping with the purpose of the gift, the commission decided that there would be no picnicking, bathing, horseback riding or playgrounds allowed on the property. More parking spaces were added the following year to accommodate more visitors. Extensions were also made to trails and walks
Today, the park has a variety of nature trails including: the Woodland Garden Walk, the Perennial Garden Walk, the River Walk, the New Pinetum Walk, the Old Pinetum Walk, the Holly Walk, the Paradise Island Walk and the Royce Rhododendron Walk. There are recreational programs and a food and a gift shop at Westbrook.
The Bayard Cutting Arboretum Horticultural Society, founded in 1974, donates profits of its activities to help support the Westbrook Manor. As part of its fundraising activities, the organization operates Granny's Attic located in the lower carriage house and hosts two plant sales a year. Recent Westbrook Manor projects funded in part by the Horticultural Society include: porch restoration, porch pillars restoration, new carpeting, Tiffany windows restoration and floor sanding.
Two hurricanes affected the state park. In 1954, Hurricane Carol destroyed over 70 trees but much more damage was done when over 1,000 of some of the most mature trees were lost in Hurricane Gloria in 1985.
The Bayard Cutting Arboretum farm was established in 2012. It was the first Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) program in the New York State park system. The farm produces over 150 varieties of vegetables and berries and also grows culinary herbs and flowers. There are 150 hens providing eggs to members of the CSA program.
Two gardens have been restored by the noted public park designer Lynden B. Miller.
The park winter hours (November–March) are 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Summer hours (April–October) are 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.
References.
Notes
Further reading


Ktenostreptus anulipes

Ktenostreptus anulipes, is a species of round-backed millipedes in the family Harpagophoridae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.


Arbaciella elegans

Arbaciella elegans is a species of sea urchin of the family Arbaciidae. Their armour is covered with spines. It is placed in the genus Arbacia and lives in the sea. Arbaciella elegans was first scientifically described in 1910 by Ole Theodor Jensen Mortensen.


Father Millet Cross National Monument


Dorstenia caimitensis

Dorstenia caimitensis is a species of herbaceous plant in the family Moraceae which is native to Haiti.


Lessingia arachnoidea

Lessingia arachnoidea is a rare species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name 'Crystal Springs lessingia'. It is endemic to California, where it is known from a few occurrences in the vicinity of Crystal Springs Reservoir on the San Francisco Peninsula and southward to serpentine soil in Woodside. It may also exist in Sonoma County to the north. The plant grows in chaparral, scrub, and other local plant communities, often on serpentine soils.
This is an annual herb producing a slender, erect stem up to 80 centimeters in maximum height. It is woolly toward the ends of the stems, less so toward the base of the plant. The leaves are narrow and sometimes toothed, the lowest approaching 11 centimeters long and the uppermost reduced in size. The inflorescence is made up of a single flower head at the tip of the slender stem. The flower head is lined with tiny lance-shaped phyllaries with purplish pointed tips and sometimes a coat of woolly fibers. The head is discoid, lacking ray florets but bearing several funnel-shaped lavender disc florets with raylike lobes. The fruit is an achene with a very hairy hard body 2 or 3 millimeters long and a small, bristly pappus on top.
Plants need bare soil or soil without any exotic weed competition to thrive, and can even grow in the bare soil of well worn trails. Late-flowering from August to October, and one of the last of the summer California wildflowers to bloom. Ripe seeds germinate readily, 40% in three days and 80% within 15 days.


Excoecaria borneensis

Excoecaria borneensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It was described in 1914. It is native to Malesia.


Corymbia collina

Corymbia collina, commonly known as the silver-leaved bloodwood, is a species of tree that is endemic to Western Australia. It has thin patchy rough bark on some or all of the trunk, smooth white to pale grey bark above, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and barrel-shaped fruit.
Description.
"Corymbia collina" typically grows to a height of and forms a lignotuber. It has rough, patchy, fibrous to flaky, tessellated bark on part or all of the trunk, smooth white or cream-coloured to pale grey bark above. Young plants and coppice regrowth have heart-shaped to egg-shaped leaves long and wide. Adult leaves are glossy green, lance-shaped to curved, long and wide, tapering to a petiole long. The flower buds are arranged on the ends of branchlets on a branched peduncle long, each branch of the peduncle with seven buds on pedicels long. Mature buds are oval, long and wide with a rounded to bluntly conical operculum. Flowering occurs from April to June and the flowers are creamy white. The fruit is a woody, barrel-shaped capsule long and wide with the valves enclosed in the fruit.
Taxonomy and naming.
The name "Eucalyptus collina" first appeared in the "Western Mail" newspaper on 2 June 1906 in an article written by William Vincent Fitzgerald. The first formal description of the species was published in 1923 by Joseph Maiden in his book, "A Critical Revision of the genus Eucalyptus", from an unpublished description by Fitzgerald. In 1995, Ken Hill and Lawrie Johnson changed the name to "Corymbia collina".
Distribution and habitat.
The silver-leaved bloodwood grows on rocky ranges, tablelands and slopes in the Wunaamin Miliwundi Ranges and Bungle Bungle Range areas in the Kimberley region of Western Australia.


Arizona bark scorpion

The Arizona bark scorpion ("Centruroides sculpturatus", once included in "Centruroides exilicauda") is a small light brown scorpion common to the Sonoran Desert in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. An adult male can reach 8 cm in length (3.14 inches), while a female is slightly smaller, with a maximum length of 7 cm (2.75 inches).
Predators.
Arizona bark scorpions are eaten by a wide variety of animals such as birds (especially owls), reptiles, and other vertebrates. Some examples include spiders, snakes, peccaries, rodents, and other scorpions. Development, pesticides and collecting scorpions for research or the pet trade also reduces the bark scorpion population.
The painful and potentially deadly venom of Arizona bark scorpions has little effect on grasshopper mice. Scientists have found the scorpion toxin acts as an analgesic rather than a pain stimulant in grasshopper mice.
Life cycle.
Arizona bark scorpions have a gestation period of several months, are born live, and are gently guided onto their mother's back. The female usually gives birth to anywhere from 25 to 35 young. These remain with their mother until their first molt, which can be up to 3 weeks after birth. Arizona bark scorpions have a life expectancy of about 6 years.
Arizona bark scorpions, like most other scorpions, are incredibly resilient. During US nuclear testing, scorpions, along with cockroaches and lizards, were found near ground zero with no recorded adverse effects.
Habitat.
The Arizona bark scorpion is nocturnal, and particularly well adapted to the desert: layers of wax on its exoskeleton make it resistant to water loss. Nevertheless, Arizona bark scorpions hide during the heat of the day, typically under rocks, wood piles, or tree bark. Arizona bark scorpions do not burrow, and are commonly found in homes, requiring only 1/16 of an inch for entry.
Arizona bark scorpions prefer riparian areas with mesquite, cottonwood, and sycamore groves, all of which have sufficient moisture and humidity to support insects and other prey species. The popularity of irrigated lawns, and other systems which increase environmental humidity in residential areas, has led to a massive increase in the number of these animals in some areas.
"Centruroides" scorpions are unusual in that they are the only genus in the Southwest that can climb walls, trees, and other objects with a sufficiently rough surface. Arizona bark scorpions practice negative geotaxis, preferring an upside down orientation, which often results in people being stung due to the scorpion being on the underside of an object.
The Arizona bark scorpion preys on small and medium-sized animals such as beetles, spiders, crickets, cockroaches, other insects and other scorpions.
The range of the Arizona bark scorpion is from southern California, southern Arizona and western New Mexico. They are also found in Baja California, Sonora and Chihuahua, Mexico.
Venom.
The Arizona bark scorpion is the most venomous scorpion in North America, and its venom can cause severe pain (coupled with numbness, tingling, and vomiting) in adult humans, typically lasting between 24 and 72 hours. Temporary dysfunction in the area stung is common; e.g. a hand or possibly arm can be immobilized or experience convulsions. It also may cause loss of breath for a short time. Due to the extreme pain induced, many victims describe sensations of electrical jolts after envenomation. Two recorded fatalities have occurred in the state of Arizona since 1968; the number of victims stung each year in Arizona is estimated to be in the thousands. In Mexico, more than 100,000 people are stung annually, and during a peak period in the 1980s, the Arizona bark scorpion claimed up to 800 lives there.
Antivenom.
An antivenom was developed for this species at Arizona State University by Dr. Herbert L. Stahnke, and produced in quantities sufficient to treat individuals within the state of Arizona. This antivenom was not FDA approved, but use within the state of Arizona was allowable and very successful in shortening the duration of symptoms and hospitalization. Production of this antivenom ceased by 2000 and the product was unavailable by 2004. A Mexican-produced antivenom, Anascorp [Antivenin Centruroides (scorpion) F(ab′)2, Laboratorios Silanes, Instituto Bioclon SA de CV], received FDA approval on August 3, 2011, and is now in use.
First aid.
Basic first aid measures can be used to help remediate Arizona bark scorpion stings:
Medical emergencies.
Since the amount of venom an Arizona bark scorpion injects varies, Arizona poison control centers suggest immediate medical attention only in the event of extreme pain or stings involving weaker individuals.
UV lighting.
Arizona bark scorpions, like most other scorpions, will glow when exposed to a blacklight. This is particularly useful in scorpion detection, since Arizona bark scorpions are active during the night, and can be easily spotted using this method. Typical UV LED flashlights enable their human operator to readily detect Arizona bark scorpions at a distance of approximately six feet. Newly molted Arizona bark scorpions will not glow under ultraviolet light for a few days after molting.
Control and prevention.
Arizona bark scorpions are tan or light beige tone in color and very small, making them difficult to detect especially on natural terrain (rocky land, multiple vegetation and soil textured land). They are not known to seek out people, but look for places to hide unless provoked or defending their young. Several methods of control have historically been used to control Arizona bark scorpions, such as physical barriers (scorpions are unable to climb smooth surfaces), pesticides, glue boards, and removing any scorpion congregation areas in the vicinity of the building.


Westmoreland State Park

Westmoreland State Park lies within Westmoreland County, Virginia. The park extends about one and a half miles along the Potomac River. The park covers 1,321 acres. The park's Horsehead Cliffs provide visitors with a panoramic view of the Potomac River. The park offers hiking, camping, cabins, fishing, boating and swimming.
History.
Westmoreland State Park is one of the six original state parks opened in June 1936. The park was built in the 1930s by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). Most of the roads and trails found in the park were originally dug by hand. Located on the Northern Neck Peninsula, the park is close to George Washington's birthplace and Stratford Hall, the birthplace Robert E. Lee.
The Tayloe and Helen Murphy Hall is a recently renovated restaurant built by the CCC in 1936. The facility contains exposed wood beams, wrought iron hardware, and a large fireplace. The restaurant has been renovated and now hosts meetings, special events, and educational programs. The hall is named for W. Tayloe Murphy Jr., former delegate to the Virginia legislature and Virginia Secretary of Natural Resources, and his wife, Helen, both of whom are from Westmoreland, Virginia.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005, as a national historic district. The property has 32 contributing buildings, 6 contributing sites, and 16 contributing structures.
Lodging.
Westmoreland State Park has 26 cabins available for renting. These range from one-room efficiency log cabins to two-bedroom log or cinderblock cabins.
The park has 133 camping sites available for tents or recreational vehicles.


Opisthacanthus rugiceps

Opisthacanthus rugiceps is a species of African scorpion.
Distribution.
"Opisthacanthus rugiceps" is found in East Africa, and extends further than 15° south only in Malawi.
Systematics.
"Opisthacanthus rugiceps" belongs to the ""asper" group" in the subgenus "Nepabellus" of the genus "Opisthacanthus" in the family Hormuridae.


Santa Ynez Forest Reserve

The Santa Ynez Forest Reserve was established by the General Land Office in California on October 22, 1899 with . On December 22, 1903 the entire forest was combined with Pine Mountain and Zaka Lake Forest Reserve to create the Santa Barbara Forest Reserve and the name was discontinued.


Acalitus plicans

Acalitus plicans is an eriophyid mite which causes galls on beech ("Fagus sylvatica"). It is found in Europe and was first described by the Austrian zoologist Alfred Nalepa in 1917.
Description of the gall.
The leaf is distorted and crumpled with folds, and is covered with reddish hairs. The reddish tinge resembles an emerging leaf, which together with the small size makes the gall easy to overlook. The mites live and feed among the hairs which are deep in the folds of the leaf and overwinter under the bud scales.
Inquilines.
One species of Inquiline is known to live in the gall alongside the gall-causer, and a second may be a gall-causer or an inquiline,
Distribution.
The mite is found in Europe. Countries where it has been recorded include Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Great Britain, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, (Kaliningrad) and Slovenia.


Tagetes stenophylla

Tagetes stenophylla is a Mexican species of marigolds in the sunflower family. It has been found in the States of Guerrero, Jalisco, Morelos, Michoacán, and México State in western and central Mexico.
"Tagetes stenophylla" is a hairless, branching perennial herb up to 100 cm (40 inches) tall. Leaves are highly divided, up to 4 cm (1.6 inches) long, the leaves high on the stem reduced to branching threads. The plant one flower head per flower stalk, are yellow, each head containing 5 ray florets surrounding numerous disc florets.


Campodea augens

Campodea augens is a species of two-pronged bristletail in the family Campodeidae.


Melaleuca micromera

Melaleuca micromera, commonly known as wattle honey-myrtle, is a plant in the myrtle family Myrtaceae and is endemic to a small area in the south-west of Western Australia. It is a rare species with unusual foliage and profuse small yellow flowerheads, making it a plant that is suitable for cultivation, if only to protect it from extinction.
Description.
"Melaleuca micromera" is an erect, rounded shrub growing to about high and wide with twisted branches. The leaves are tiny, in rings of three around the stem and pressed against it, long, wide and broad oval to almost circular in shape except for a small point at the end. The leaves are thick for their size and have two or three distinct oil dots.
The flowers are arranged in small heads at or near the ends of the branches which continue to grow after flowering. The heads are up to in diameter and contain between 3 and 18 individual flowers. The petals are long and fall off as the flower matures. The stamens are yellow, arranged in five bundles around the flowers with 3 to 5 stamens in each bundle. The small heads of yellow flowers can make the plant look like a wattle from a distance. Flowering occurs in early spring sometimes as early as July and is followed by fruit which are woody, cup-shaped capsules, long and wide, arranged in small groups along the stem.
Taxonomy and naming.
This species was first formally described in 1844 by Johannes Conrad Schauer in "Plantae Preissianae". The specific epithet ("micromera") is from the Ancient Greek words "mikros" (μικρός) meaning "small" and "meros" (μέρος) meaning "part", apparently referring to the very small leaves of this species.
Distribution and habitat.
"Melaleuca micromera" has a restricted distribution in the Mount Barker, Stirling Range and Green Range districts in the Esperance Plains and Jarrah Forest biogeographic regions. It grows in clay or sandy gravel.
Conservation status.
"Melaleuca micromera" is listed as "Priority Three" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife which means that it is a poorly-known species known from several locations but does not appear to be under imminent threat.
Uses.
Horticulture.
This species is an interesting feature plant because of its extremely small leaves, unusual twisted branches and colourful flower heads. It has proven to be reliable in cultivation and is suitable for growing in rockeries or tubs, responding to a light annual pruning.
Essential oils.
The oil from the leaves of this species consists mainly of monoterpenoids.


Total Plaza

Total Plaza (formerly the Entex Building, Louisiana Place, and United Gas Building) is a tower in Downtown Houston, Texas, one block away from the Allen Center complex. The building, managed by Brookfield Properties, opened in 1971. The 35 story building, designed by the architect Lloyd, Morgan & Jones, was renovated in 1981 and 1996, and features a mirror-finished reflective glass on its exterior. Each floor has about , with a total of . The building is named after its major tenant, Total Petrochemicals USA, a subsidiary of Total S.A.. The complex was formerly the headquarters of the Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County (METRO).
The building is connected to the Downtown Houston tunnel system.
History.
The building, located at 1201 Louisiana, opened in 1971. The building was the headquarters of Entex. In 1975 Mercure Co. N.Y., a Dutch company, bought the Entex Building for . The plaza, which had Class B space, was sold in 1984.
In 1994 the main offices of the University of Houston System were in the Entex Building. In 1996, after a renovation, the building was renamed from the Entex Building to the Louisiana Place. During that year brokers Jay Bonano and Jesse Amundsen left Koll Real Estate to start their own company. The leasing contract for Total Plaza was taken with Bonano and Amundsen.
Previously the Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County, Texas (METRO) headquarters were in the Louisiana Place. The agency occupied 10 floors in the building and did not receive any federal funds to cover the US$3.8 million annual rent. The METRO Board Room was located on the 16th floor. By 2002 the agency announced that it was moving into a new administration building, scheduled for completion in 2004, owned by the agency. METRO's lease of expired in April 2005.
In early 2005 Total Petrochemicals USA, a subsidiary of Total S.A., signed a lease to occupy space in the Louisiana Place. In late 2005 Total Petrochemicals USA moved hundreds of employees into the building. The building's name changed to the Total Plaza. The company signed a 15 year lease for and had scheduled to relocate 250 employees by November 2005. It had an option for an additional . The space that Total Petrochemicals USA moved into was previously occupied by METRO, which planned to move into a new administration building in January 2005. In addition Total Holding U.S., a 20 person office representing Total S.A.'s North American holdings, was scheduled to move to Downtown Houston. Before METRO moved out, the building had a 96 percent occupancy rate. After METRO left and after Total moved in, the occupancy rate was 86 percent.
In 2006 the building was 88 percent occupied. During that year Hilcorp Energy Company signed a lease to stay in the building and increase its space. Hilcorp previously leased around on three floors. After it re-signed its lease, it will take an additional floor. In 2007 Coast Range Investments, a privately held company in San Francisco, sold the Total Plaza to Brookfield Properties, previously known in Houston as Trizec Properties, for an undisclosed amount. During that year the building was 88 percent occupied. During that year, aside from Total S.A., its tenants included Hilcorp Energy and Reliant Energy Retail Services.
Tenants.
The Petroleum Club of Houston occupies the building's 35th floor. The club was forced to move from the ExxonMobil Building due to the building's impending sale and renovation. The club's ExxonMobil space was scheduled to close after January 10, 2015, and its new quarters in the Total Plaza were scheduled to open two weeks later. The club space at the Total Plaza has an energy industry theme as it uses gold, bronze, and metallic colors. Younger club members had requested a bar, so the new club has a bar with the view of the skyline of Houston. Kirksey, an architecture company based in Houston, designed the facility. Nancy Sarnoff of the "Houston Chronicle" wrote that the space has a "more modern look" compared to the previous space at the ExxonMobil Building.


Overlook Park (Portland, Oregon)

Overlook Park is a park in north Portland, Oregon, United States. Located at the intersection of North Fremont Street and Interstate Avenue, the park was acquired in 1930.


Ulearum sagittatum

Ulearum sagittatum is a species in the family Araceae. It is endemic to western Brazil and Peru.


Crataegus iracunda

Crataegus iracunda, with common name passionate hawthorn, and sometimes called the stolon-bearing hawthorn is a North American species of hawthorn. It was described in 1899 by Chauncey Delos Beadle of the Biltmore Herbarium (Biltmore Estate) in North Carolina. Taxonomic opinions have differed about this species, and to complicate matters "Crataegus macrosperma" and various species of "C." series "Populneae" have frequently been misidentified as "C. iracunda", leading to differing statements about its geographic range. The 2015 Flora of North America considers its range to be in the southeastern U.S., restricted to the US states of Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia.
"Crataegus iracunda" is a branching shrub or small tree rarely more than in height, sprouting from the roots and thus forming large thickets. Leaves are egg-shaped, pointed at the tips, with teeth along the edges. Flowers come in flat-topped arrays. Fruit is red or orange, sometimes with green blotches.
Varieties within the species have been defined, for example:


Adenodolichos baumii

Adenodolichos baumii is a plant in the legume family Fabaceae, native to tropical Africa.
Description.
"Adenodolichos baumii" grows as a shrub, measuring up to tall. The leaves consist of three oblong leaflets, measuring up to long, puberulous above and pubescent below. Inflorescences are terminal, featuring crimson to purplish to near black flowers. The fruits are oblanceolate or falcate pods measuring up to long.
Distribution and habitat.
"Adenodolichos baumii" is native to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola and Zambia. Its habitat is in woodland.


Lyonella neurophila


Salvia transsylvanica

Salvia transsylvanica is a herbaceous perennial native to a wide area from north and central Russia to Romania. It was described and named in 1853 by botanist Philipp Johann Ferdinand Schur, with the specific epithet referring to the Transylvanian Alps located in central Romania. It was introduced into horticulture in the 1980s.
"Salvia transsylvanica" puts out several lax stems from a basal clump of leaves. The leaves that grow on the stem vary in size—being larger at the bottom—with the upper side being dark yellow-green and the underside pale with yellow veins. The leaves are very scalloped around the edges. The flowers are slightly longer than , and have a rich violet color, growing in loose whorls that are about apart. Many flowers bloom at once, giving the plant a very colorful and striking appearance.


Cyperus felipponei

Cyperus felipponei is a species of sedge that is endemic to parts of South America.
The species was first formally described by the botanist Georg Kükenthal in 1936.


Quercus planipocula

Quercus planipocula is a Mexican species of trees in the beech family. It is native to western Mexico in Sinaloa, Nayarit, and Guerrero.
"Quercus planipocula" is a large forest tree up to 20 meters tall with a trunk often more than 60 cm in diameter. Leaves are as much as 27 cm long.


Melaleuca pritzelii

Melaleuca pritzelii is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae, and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It was originally named in 1923 by Karel Domin as a subspecies "Melaleuca densa" var. "pritzelii" but raised to species status in 1992. It is a rare species, known only from a few plants in each of a small number of populations.
Description.
"Melaleuca pritzelii" is a shrub which grows to about tall with rough grey bark. The plant is glabrous except for the new growth when it first appears covered with matted hairs. Its leaves are usually arranged in opposite pairs at right angles to the pairs above and below (decussate) so that there are four rows of leaves along the branchlets. The leaves are long and wide, concave and egg-shaped tapering to a pointed end.
The flowers are cream coloured, arranged in heads on old wood or sometimes on the ends of branches and contain 4 to 14 individual flowers. The heads are up to wide. The stamens are arranged in five bundles around the flower, each bundle containing 2 to 4 stamens. The flowering season is mainly early spring and is followed by the fruit which are cup-shaped woody or papery capsules long and about in diameter in clusters.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Melaleuca pritzelii" was first formally described in 1923 as "Melaleuca densa" var. "pritzelii" by Karel Domin but raised to species status in 1992 by Frances Quinn, Kirsten Cowley, Lyndley Craven and Bryan Barlow in Nuytsia, noting that the species is probably not closely related to "Melaleuca densa". The specific epithet ("pritzelii") honours Ernst Georg Pritzel, who collected the specimen described by Domin.
Distribution and habitat.
"Melaleuca pritzelii" is confined a few small populations in the Gnowangerup, Stirling Range and Bremer Bay districts in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest and Mallee biogeographic regions where it grows in sandy or clayey soils in swampy areas.
Conservation.
"Melaleuca pritzelii" is classified as "Priority Three" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife meaning that it is known from only a few locations and is not currently in imminent danger.


Janua pagenstecheri

Janua pagenstecheri is a species of marine polychaete. It is widely distributed around the British Isles and across north-western Europe, and has been described as "probably the commonest spirorbid in the world".
"Janua pagenstecheri" lives attached to substrates such as seaweeds including "Corallina officinalis", rocks, stones, shells, and the carapaces of crabs. "J. pagenstecheri" inhabits a shell made of calcium carbonate in the form of a dextral spiral, with the tube up to 2 mm in diameter. The animal exists in two colour morphs: one bright yellow, which occurs in shallow water, and one much paler, which occurs in deeper water. It differs from "Spirorbis spirorbis" in that "S. spirorbis" retains its eggs in the tube, while "J. pagenstecheri" incubates them a few at a time in its operculum, and grows a new cap for the operculum after releasing the embryos.
The species was described by Armand de Quatrefages in 1865, and named after Heinrich Alexander Pagenstecher, professor of zoology at the University of Heidelberg and the first director of the Hamburg natural history museum.


Caladenia radialis

Caladenia radialis, commonly known as the drooping spider orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single erect, hairy leaf and one or two red and cream-coloured flowers. In good seasons it forms clumps of up to ten plants.
Description.
"Caladenia radialis" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and which often forms clumps of up to ten plants after good rainfall. It has a single erect, hairy leaf, long and about wide. One or two red and cream-coloured flowers long and wide are borne on a stalk tall. The sepals and petals have long, brown, drooping thread-like tips. The dorsal sepal curves forward and is long and about wide. The lateral sepals and petals have about the same dimensions as the dorsal sepal although the lateral sepals are slightly wider. The labellum is long, wide and cream-coloured with red lines. The sides of the labellum sometimes have a few short teeth, the tip is curled under and there is a dense band of red or cream-coloured calli along the mid-line. Flowering occurs from August to early October.
Taxonomy and naming.
"Caladenia radialis" was first described in 1927 by Richard Rogers from a specimen collected near Dowerin and the description was published in "Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia". The specific epithet ("radialis") is derived from the Latin word "radius" meaning "ray", "rod" or "spoke", referring to the radiating red lines on the labellum.
Distribution and habitat.
The drooping spider orchid is found between the Fitzgerald River National Park and Northampton in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains, Geraldton Sandplains, Jarrah Forest and Mallee biogeographic regions where it grows in a range of habitats including on granite outcrops and near the edges of salt lakes.
Conservation.
"Caladenia radialis" is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.


Shoshone Cavern National Monument

Shoshone Cavern National Monument was proclaimed by William Howard Taft on September 21, 1909. On March 17, 1954, the 83rd Congress abolished the monument and transferred the site to the city of Cody, Wyoming. The cavern is located high up near the summit of Cedar Mountain, about 4 miles from Cody on the south side of the Shoshone River. The main cavern follows a fairly straight course, extending into the mountain about . The walls of the cavern are well covered by incrustations of crystals and dripping formations, mostly white, but some brownish or reddish in color. As of 2008, the cavern is owned by the Bureau of Land Management and is now called Spirit Mountain Cave. A permit is required to visit Spirit Mountain Cave. To obtain permits to visit the cave contact Bureau of Land Management office in the Cody WY.


Tillandsia chlorophylla

Tillandsia chlorophylla is a species in the genus "Tillandsia". This species is native to Belize, Guatemala, and southern Mexico (Veracruz, Oaxaca, Chiapas).


St. Johns Park (Portland, Oregon)

St. Johns Park is a public park in north Portland, Oregon's St. Johns neighborhood, in the United States. The park was acquired in 1941.
The St. Johns Community Center is located within the park.


Phellinus robiniae

Phellinus robiniae, commonly called the cracked cap polypore, is a fungus of the family of Hymenochaetaceae. The fungus primarily infests black locusts, aided by openings caused by "Megacyllene robiniae" infestation, but also grows on various other trees such as "Carya", oak, and "Acacia". Cracked cap polypore is sympatric with most of its hosts. It has a brown spore print, leaving brown streaks on the tree below the fungus.


Erigeron evermannii

Erigeron evermannii is a North American species of flowering plants in the daisy family known by the common name Evermann's fleabane.
"Erigeron evermannii " is native to the western United States. It is native to central Idaho and has also been found in western Montana. It grows at high elevations in the mountains, on steep slopes, talus outcrops, and ridges, sometime alongside whitebark pine.
"Erigeron evermannii " is a very short perennial herb rarely more than 10 centimeters (4 inches) in height, sprouting from the roots and hence forming a sizable clump of many shoots crowded together. Most of the leaves are close to the ground clustered around the base of the plant. Each stem usually produces only one flower head, with as many as 40 white ray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets.