Orbia

Orbia (previously Mexichem) is a global provider of specialty products and innovative methodologies with headquarters in Mexico City, Boston, Amsterdam and Tel Aviv.
Consisting of five commercial brands, Orbia operates in the precision agriculture, building and infrastructure, fluorinated solutions, polymer solutions and data communications sectors. Orbia has commercial activities in more than 110 countries, operations in over 60 countries and employs more than 22,000 people.
History.
In 1953 – Cables Mexicanos S.A. founded by a group of Mexican and American investors, to satisfy a growing Mexican market for high-carbon steel wire ropes.
In the 60s Cables Mexicanos S.A. changed its name to Aceros Camesa.
In 1978 – A control company was created "Grupo Industrial Camesa". Becomes a publicly-held company, listed on Mexican Stock Exchange.
1997 – Grupo Empresarial Privado Mexicano (GEPM), a company held by the del Valle Family, acquires Grupo Industrial Camesa.
Becoming Orbia.
In 2018, The Mexichem board of directors appointed Daniel Martínez-Valle as CEO. Mexichem was rebranded as in 2019 Orbia. Orbia is composed of , the Latin word for a sphere , and Bia, an ancient Greek personification of the concept of "force." The combination of these two roots expresses Orbia's ambitions as a "force for the world" and upholds the company's common purpose: To Advance Life Around the World.
In 2019, Orbia opened a new corporate office in the Torre Reforma building in Mexico City. The company launched Orbia corporate venture capital (CVC) fund, its first investment was into SeeTree, a Tel Aviv-based startup that provides tree health insights.
On 19 January 2021, Orbia announced Sameer Bharadwaj as the new CEO.
Logo.
Orbia's logo – also known as an "ImpactMark" – resembles three intersecting elliptical rings. Instead of a static logomark, Orbia's is meant to indicate a dynamic representation of its performance. Each imperfect ring represents a year in time, showing Orbia's previous three years of performance across key categories (the outer ring marking the most recent year).


Vibroplex

Vibroplex is the brand of side-to-side mechanical, semi-automatic Morse key first manufactured and sold in 1905 by the Vibroplex Company, after its invention and patent by Horace Greeley Martin of New York City in 1904. The original device became known as a "bug", most likely due to the original logo, which showed an "electrified bug".
The Vibroplex Company has been in business continuously for 114 years, as of 2019. Amateur radio operator Scott E. Robbins, also known by the call sign W4PA, became the eighth owner of the Vibroplex Company on December 21, 2009. The company is located in Knoxville, Tennessee.
The most common Vibroplex models have a single lever with a flat thumbpiece, or paddle, on the left side and a fingerpiece, or knob, on the right side.
The advantage of the key over a standard telegraph key is that it automatically generates strings of one of the two pulses from which Morse code characters are composed, the shortest one or "dot" ("dit"), so that the operator's hand does not have to make the rapid movements necessary to generate multiple dots. When the knob is pressed from the right, it makes a continuous contact suitable for sending "dashes" (or "dahs", as most operators call them). When the paddle is pressed from the left, a horizontal pendulum at the opposite end of the lever is set into motion, intermittently closing a set of contacts, sending a series of short pulses "dots" "(dits)" at a speed that is controlled by the position of the pendulum weight. A skilled operator can achieve sending speeds in excess of 40 words per minute with a bug.
The Vibroplex Original Bug key has been in continuous production for over 100 years, with only minor cosmetic changes. Numerous Vibroplex keys are available to this day; the company presently markets and sells 27 variations of Morse code keys, including the Original Bug, iambic paddles, the Vibrokeyer (an electronic variant of the Original Bug) and traditional straight keys.


Enoch Hughes

Enoch Hughes (1829 – 10 April 1893) was an English-born iron-master and pioneer of the iron industry in both Australia and New Zealand.
Arriving in Australia, at a time when there was little technical knowledge of the iron industry in the colonies, Hughes became an influential figure, especially as he was self confident in his own abilities, a tireless worker, and an avid self-promoter.
While he was associated with many iron industry ventures—both successful and unsuccessful ones—he is remembered particularly for his time at the Eskbank Ironworks. During his career, he constructed three colonial-era iron-smelting blast furnaces; at Mittagong (1863–64)—the first in Australia— at Lithgow (1875), and at Onehunga, New Zealand (1890). He also erected several iron rolling mills—including the first one in Australia to enter commercial production, in 1860—in both Australia and New Zealand. He seems to have been less successful as a works manager and businessman, with some of his efforts ending in financial losses and in great acrimony. He was twice made bankrupt.
He was also a significant figure in the brickmaking industry of New South Wales.
Later in the 19th century, when the industry required more scientific and engineering knowledge, 'practical men' like Hughes became less appreciated and less influential.
Early life in England.
Enoch Hughes was born at Dudley, in what was then Worcestershire and is now West Midlands, England, in 1829. He was apprenticed to an ironworks at fourteen, spending the next fourteen years working in the English iron industry. Hughes stated that he had worked at the Bloomfield Ironworks of BBH, at Tipton, and Chillington, Lea Brooke, Bilston Forge, and Spring Vale Ironworks, near Wolverhampton.
He migrated to Australia in 1857, arriving in Melbourne in January 1858.
Australia.
By 1858, no iron was being made in Australia but there was an accumulation of scrap iron. Hughes saw the opportunity to rework scrap iron into bars. In partnership with Benjamin Marks, he set up the Victoria Rolling Mill and Iron Fencing Company, in Dudley St., West Melbourne, which opened in June 1860. Although this was the second mill erected—the first was at the Fitzroy Iron Works in 1857—the Victoria Rolling Mill was the first iron rolling mill in Australia to enter commercial production. The partnership with Marks ended soon afterwards, in August 1860, probably leaving Hughes with inadequate financial backing for the venture. From 1860 to mid-1862, Hughes was winning tenders for ironwork, including wrought-iron fencing for the Melbourne Botanic Gardens and a grate for Pentridge Prison. The works were sold and—without Hughes—continued in successful operation for many decades.
Hughes became involved in partnership to erect a plant to roll sheet iron in Melbourne. Land, on the south bank of the Yarra River, was granted for this purpose. Hughes fell into dispute with his partner, which led to legal proceedings that ended in June 1862. The sheet iron works was never built.
By October 1862, Enoch Hughes was already the works manager of the Fitzroy Iron Works, at Mittagong, N.S.W. before those works were leased to Benjamin Wright Lattin. Lattin agreed to construct a blast furnace—capable of producing 120 to 150 tons of iron per week—at his own cost, in exchange for shares in the company. Lattin chose Hughes to supervise the construction of the furnace. It seems likely, however, that Hughes had been working to interest Lattin in providing the financial backing for the venture—since late 1862 at least—with the prospect of a contract for 10,000 tons of iron rails as the key incentive. During construction of the blast furnace, to provide cash flow, scrap iron was purchased and rerolled into bars.
Hughes had left England at a time when blast furnace technology was changing rapidly, and he had not kept his knowledge current. The blast furnace that he constructed for Lattin was an old fashioned design—cold blast with an open top—similar to a Scottish design of the 1830s. Hughes used fire-bricks that were made from fire-clay found on the site of the works. Building the furnace had financially ruined Lattin. When the furnace was first lit in July 1864—Hughes had left by March—it proved to be a failure. It made only about 80 tons of iron, before it was reconfigured as a hot-blast furnace by the next manager, Joseph Kaye Hampshire. It was, nonetheless, the first blast furnace in Australia, and, after modification, it operated successfully, from May 1865 to January 1866, and again—with further modifications— from February 1876 to March 1877. Hughes went back to the works in May 1865, just after hot-blast operation commenced—probably to learn something about the operation—but was ejected forcefully. Hughes attempted to disassociate himself from the failures of his time there, later denying—at least once—that he was ever the manager of the Fitzroy works.
Hughes moved to Sydney, where he set up the City Iron Works at Pyrmont for its owner, Alexander Brown, and worked again with Lattin who was the manager. He left this enterprise, he later stated, because he was not offered a share in the company's ownership. This venture initially reworked scrap iron, rolling into it into metal bars, but later for a time also puddling imported pig-iron; it operated successfully for many years at Pyrmont, relocating to Alexandria in 1938 and still in business in the 1950s.
In November 1864, a charge of bigamy against Hughes—apparently based upon the evidence of his own brother—was dropped; it seems that his first wife had indeed died before he remarried.
By March 1865, he had erected the Balmain Fire Brick and Clay Works and was trading as 'Messrs. Hughes and Son'. Hughes was made bankrupt for the first time, in August 1865. A statement that he made under oath during his bankruptcy hearing, about his father's control of the brickmaking venture, led to Hughes's committal and trial on a charge of perjury in December 1865. He was convicted and sentenced to two-year's imprisonment with hard labour, which he served at Port Macquarie Gaol. His sentence was remitted and, upon release, he returned to the Fitzroy Iron Works.
While Hughes had been imprisoned, his father (Moses Hughes) and a partner (Drury) had opened a brickworks, on the Burwood Estate near Newcastle, a highly successful enterprise that lasted into the 1980s. In October 1867, under the pseudonym "E.H.", he wrote the first of a series of letters to newspapers extolling Newcastle, N.S.W., as a location for an iron works, complete with estimates of production costs. Newcastle would indeed later become the site of a successful steelworks, in 1915. A later letter written by Hughes on the same theme, in 1872, influenced the formation of the Tasmanian Charcoal Iron Company to mine and smelt iron ore in Northern Tasmania.
Enoch Hughes and his brother leased the puddling furnaces and rolling mill of the Fitzroy Iron Works between February and June 1868. They puddled left over pig-iron, then shingled and rolled it. While there, Hughes rolled the first plate rolled in Australia, and claimed to have rolled the first rails. The venture was not profitable. It was soon after this that Enoch Hughes is first recorded as being interested in solving the problem of smelting New Zealand iron-sand.
In early 1869, Hughes returned to brickmaking, becoming manager of Goodsell and Tye's brickworks at Newtown in Sydney and he was for a short time a partner in this venture In February 1870, Hughes was released from bankruptcy, and by late 1871 was operating the Enmore Pressed Brick Company. He also was an agent for his father's brickworks. However, he retained his ambition to set up an iron industry, shifting his attention to the iron ore, coal and limestone deposits near Wallerawang. But apparently he fell out with his partners in this potential iron-making venture, and they held the lease over the ore-bearing land at Piper's Flat. The site near Wallerawang was, in the eyes of experts at the time, a uniquely promising location for an iron and steelworks, but, despite some later attempts, nothing was ever built there.
In July 1874, Hughes and others took out a lease on some land at Lithgow. By November 1874, he was already at work preparing to make the bricks needed for furnaces of an ironworks at Lithgow. This time, the venture was able to obtain some important and influential shareholders, particularly James Rutherford, John Sutherland (N.S.W Minister for Public Works), Daniel Williams, and Thomas Denny (owner of the Denison Foundry in Bathurst), resulting in the establishment of the Lithgow Valley Iron Company (later the Eskbank Ironworks) at Lithgow.
Hughes' blast furnace at Lithgow was quite similar in concept to the design that he had used at Fitzroy iron Works, with an 'open-top' and initially cold-blast, but of a stronger cylindrical design bound in iron. Hughes had once again built a blast furnace of an antiquated design; it was not converted to hot blast until 1877. Hughes was later to boast that he had designed and erected this furnace himself and "never paid an engineer or a draftsman a shilling in my life". Despite these deficiencies, the furnace made iron—just 400 tons from 28 November 1875 until its first shutdown in February 1876—well enough that the company later added puddling furnaces and rolling mills, to enable it to make bar iron and rails.
The company won contracts to make rails, and to reroll old iron rails into new ones. However, as works manager, Hughes embarrassed the company, when he clashed with the government's inspector Thomas Bladen over product quality, and was caught out clumsily covering up defects in tramway rails by Bladen. In 1881–1882, Hughes was in a state of dispute, with the other partners who were manoeuvering to buy him out and be rid of him. Hughes' blast furnace at the Eskbank Ironworks finally closed in 1882, and it is reported that James Rutherford—to avoid the temptation to ever reopen it—used two dray-loads of blasting powder to blow it up, in the dead of night.
Hughes had left Lithgow, by September 1883, and was made bankrupt, for the second time, in May 1884.
For four months in 1886, Enoch Hughes worked as a manager for William Sandford, who took a lease on the Fitzroy Iron Works at Mittagong in March 1886, in order to re-roll scrapped iron rails under a contract to the NSW Government that he shared with the Eskbank Iron Works at Lithgow. Production commenced in August 1886, ending after nine months, when Sandford took the work to the Eskbank Ironworks.
Hughes had engaged in a debate—via letters to newspapers in August–September 1885—with W. M. Foote, lecturer on iron and steel to the Board of Technical Education. In December 1886, Sandford defended Hughes against criticism of his earlier career and abilities (by Foote), saying, ""Do not let us despise the day of small things, or sneer at such men as Enoch Hughes and others, for their efforts. Is it not better to be men who have tried against great odds, and apparently failed than those who have never made an effort"."
New Zealand.
Perhaps more wary of operating a business while a bankrupt—for a second time—in New South Wales, Hughes went to New Zealand. In July 1887 Hughes was reported to be in treaty to buy the Onehunga Ironworks The Onehunga Ironworks had been founded in 1883, to smelt New Zealand's plentiful iron-sand, by a direct reduction method. The venture had failed to prosper after the works' American manager, who had the smelting expertise, was sent to prison for attempted murder. Operations continued, but had ceased completely in March 1887.
Hughes took over as manager of the Onehunga works in August 1887, contracted to erect and operate the rolling mills. Hughes apparently was also confident that he could solve the daunting problem of smelting iron-sand. His original plan was to mix the ironsand with hematite ore (from Kamo near Whangarai.) and smelt this mixture. By later in 1887, this had changed to making iron bars, using iron made from scrap iron with a 20% iron-sands admixture. He brought some experienced iron-workers from Lithgow and, like the Eskbank works at Lithgow, operated Onehunga as a 'co-operative'. Under his management the works was expanded in 1889 to make galvanised corragated iron.
Hughes expressed complete confidence that he could smelt the iron-sands profitably, but it seems that he only ever did so experimentally and on a small scale. In June 1889, he said that the works had made iron entirely from iron-sand. Hughes position on the technology of iron-sand smelting seems to have been that direct reduction would not work—at least on a commercial scale—and only a blast furnace could be successful. This is the opposite to the modern practice in iron-sand smelting. Hughes was backing the wrong approach.
In July 1889, a blast furnace was under construction at Onehunga. The furnace made its first pig-iron, in July 1890. It seems that the iron was made with conventional iron ore not iron-sand. Hughes never achieved his goal of smelting iron-sand commercially; he had grossly underestimated the technical difficulties in smelting NZ iron-sand. In early September 1890, the furnace was 'allowed to cool', reportedly as a result of insufficient coal, due to industrial trouble at the mines, and was never used again.
In late October 1890, Hughes was advocating the erection of a blast furnace at Kamo near Whangarai, where there was a hematite iron ore deposit with coal and limestone nearby. He was openly stating that Onehunga could not compete with a works at Kamo. His grand plans for Kamo came to nothing, other than to further alienate his employers at Onehunga.
By December 1890, he had been sacked by Onehunga and was suing the company and a little later was trying to dispose of his shares in it.
Final years in Australia.
Hughes returned to Australia, where his certificate releasing him from bankruptcy had been issued in October 1891. In September 1892, Hughes was made general manager of The Australian Gas Retort and Firebrick Manufacturing Company, of South Yarra, in Melbourne.
Enoch Hughes died on 10 April 1893 at his house in South Yarra, and was said to be 62-years old (if so, he was born in 1831, not 1829). He was survived by his second wife, Roderickina(née McDonald), four sons, and two daughters.


PacWind

PacWind, Inc. is a wind turbine manufacturing company based in Torrance, California, United States.
History.
The company was founded in 1998, and released their first patented vertical axis wind turbines in May 2006. In 2007, they added another two models of turbines to their product lineup.
In November 2008, certain intellectual property assets of PacWind were acquired by WePOWER, LLC. Since then, the original PacWind website has gone offline, and none of the original turbine designs are available for sale. The WePOWER product lineup as of the end of 2009 were the Falcon series turbines ranging from 600W to 12 kW.
Notable installations.
On May 17, 2007, PacWind gained a large amount of publicity when TV personality Jay Leno announced that, as part of an ongoing project with Popular Mechanics, he would be having one of the 'Delta II' (10Kw) model turbines installed on the roof of his garage.
During the "I Spy Bill Nye" episode of "Living With Ed", Ed Begley, Jr. has a 'SeaHawk' (500w) model turbine installed on the roof of his house.
Sixteen of PacWind's turbines were used in the design of the first eco-friendly billboard in Times Square in 2008.


Adesto Technologies

Adesto Technologies is an American corporation founded in 2006 and based in Santa Clara, California. The company provides application-specific semiconductors and embedded systems for the Internet of Things (IoT), and sells its products directly to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and original design manufacturers (ODMs) that manufacture products for its end customers. In 2020 Adesto was bought by Dialog Semiconductor.
History.
Adesto Technologies was founded by Narbeh Derhacobian, Shane Hollmer, and Ishai Naveh in 2006. Derhacobian formerly served in senior technical and managerial roles at AMD, Virage Logic, and Cswitch Corporations. The company developed a non-volatile memory based on the movement of copper ions in a programmable metallization cell technology licensed from Axon Technologies Corp., a spinoff of Arizona State University.
In October 2010, Adesto acquired intellectual property and patents related to Conductive Bridging Random Access Memory (CBRAM) technology from Qimonda AG, and their first CBRAM product began production in 2011.
In 2015, the company held an initial public offering under the symbol IOTS, which entered the market at $5 per share. Underwriters included Needham & Company, Oppenheimer & Co. Inc., and Roth Capital Partners. The entire offering was valued at $28.75 million.
Between May and September 2018, Adesto completed two acquisitions of S3 Semiconductors and Echelon Corporation. In May, the company acquired S3 Semiconductors, a provider of analog and mixed-signal ASICs and Intellectual Property (IP) cores. In June, the company announced its intention to buy Echelon Corporation, a home and industrial automation company, for $45 million. The acquisition was completed three months later. The company's offerings were expanded to include ASICs and IP from S3 Semiconductors and embedded systems from Echelon Corporation, in addition to its original non-volatile memory (NVM) products.
In 2020 Adesto was acquired by Dialog Semiconductor, a company headquartered in Reading, United Kingdom, for $500 million.


Rossendale Union of Boot, Shoe and Slipper Operatives

The Rossendale Union of Boot, Shoe and Slipper Operatives was a trade union representing workers in the footwear trade in the Rossendale area of Lancashire.
The union was founded in 1895, Initially, it restricted membership to the workers perceived as being the most skilled, the lasters and riveters, but gradually expanded to represent all workers in the trade in the area.
Membership of the union reached a peak of 9,527 in 1945, but declined to only 1,412 in 1995. In 1997, it merged with the National Union of Knitwear, Footwear and Apparel Trades.


Mitchell Power Plant

Mitchell Power Plant is a large coal fired power station located on West Virginia Route 2 south of Moundsville, West Virginia, United States.
It has a tall chimney, which was built in 1971. This smokestack was once the tallest in the world for a short period of time. it is the sixth tallest, and still the tallest freestanding structure in the Southern United States.


Amercentrale

The Amercentrale is a coal-fired power plant of Essent in the municipality Geertruidenberg. The plant is named after the Amer River and is located on the left bank of this river. In 1952 Unit 1 of the first Amercentrale began generating electricity. The much smaller Dongecentrale, decommissioned in 2011, is located near the Amercentrale.
Technical specifications.
The power plant generates 600 MW of power as well as heat for heating homes and greenhouses. The plant provides a large part of southern Netherlands with electric power and also supplies heat to the horticultural areas. Since unit 8 was decommissioned in 2015, only unit 9, which has been in operation since 1993, is still in use. Plans to build a new coal and biomass-fired unit of about 800 MW have been scrapped. Unit 9 could be closed in the near future in a bid to achieve climate goals, if another solution can be found for the district heating in the nearby towns of Breda and Tilburg.


Aasta Hansteen spar

The Aasta Hansteen spar is a floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) unit for natural gas operated by Equinor located 186 miles offshore in the Norwegian Sea. It is the first spar platform to be located on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS).
Design.
The Aasta Hansteen platform is a truss spar type allowing condensate to be stored in the hull below sea level and offloaded to a shuttle tanker. The produced gas is exported to the shore with steel catenary risers (SCR). The production risers are also SCRs, with these being the first time SCRs have been used in the Norwegian Sea.
The spar hull was designed by Technip, with the topsides being designed by CB&I, with both being fabricated by Hyundai Heavy Industries in South Korea before being transported to Norway for installation. Once on site it was partially submerged by filling ballast tanks to 177 m and anchored to the seabed, leaving only the top 21 m above the surface. The seabed moorings are primarily made of cut resistant polyester and steel chain.
At a height of 198 m (of which 177 m will be submerged) and a diameter of 50 m it is the biggest spar platform hull ever built in terms of diameter and displacement.
The Aasta Hansteen spar exports the natural gas from the field through the Polarled pipeline to the Nyhamna processing plant on the Norwegian coast. The project cost approximately 37.5 billion NOK.
Transport and installation.
The Aasta Hansteen spar was built on its side in the dry dock on barges. Once built it was floated off the barges and then floated onto the heavy transport ship "Dockwise Vanguard" and shipped to a fjord near Stord in Western Norway. The spar was upended in the fjord, after which the topsides were installed using the floatover technique. It was then towed vertically to the Aasta Hansteen gas field 300 km off Bodø at the northwest coast of Norway. The spar will be moored north of the Arctic Circle using polyester moorings to the seabed 1200m below.
The Aasta Hansteen began producing on 17 December 2018.
Aasta Hansteen gas field.
Originally called the Luva gas field and later renamed after Aasta Hansteen, it was discovered in 1997 approximately 300 km off the coast of Norway. During start up of the platform, the production from the surrounding Luva, Haklang and Snefrid gas fields will be exported to the platform. Future fields already discovered are planned to be tied back to the Aasta Hansteen platform through SCRs. Future expansion of additional risers and topsides facility are built-in in the design of the platform. The field is located north of the Arctic Circle, and is subject to perpetual darkness and sub-zero temperatures in the winter months.


USS Saranac (AO-74)

USS "Saranac" (AO-74), originally named the SS "Cowpens", was a Type T2-SE-A1 "Suamico"-class fleet oiler of the United States Navy, and the fourth ship of the Navy to bear the name.
Laid down under Maritime Commission contract (MC hull 337) on 27 August 1942 as "Cowpens" by Sun Shipbuilding & Drydock Co. of Chester, Pennsylvania, the ship was launched on 21 December 1942, sponsored by Mrs. A. Poestrak. She was renamed "Saranac" on 16 September 1942, acquired by the U.S. Navy on 31 December 1942, and commissioned on 22 February 1943, Comdr. John G. Cross in command.
Service history.
1943.
After shakedown along the Atlantic coast, "Saranac" sailed from Norfolk for Aruba on 20 April 1943. There, she took on fuel and proceeded to the Pacific, arriving at Pearl Harbor on 26 May. Sailing two days later, she underwent repairs at San Francisco from 5 to 19 June and departed on 23 June for the Aleutian Islands. After arriving at Adak on 30 June, she serviced ships both underway and in port, from 9 July until departing on the 14th to reload at San Pedro, California. She then returned to the Aleutians and fueled ships at anchor in Kulak Bay from 4 to 16 August. Between 30 August and 12 October, she made one voyage transporting oil from San Pedro to tanks ashore at Tutuila, Samoa, and at Espiritu Santo.
"Saranac" then began replenishment operations in support of the U.S. Navy's advance in the central Pacific. She left Pearl Harbor on 25 November and fueled fleet units at Espiritu Santo from 13 to 21 December. With an underway replenishment group, she refueled units of a fast carrier force headed by the on 27 December. She then resumed in-port fueling operations based on Port Purvis and Eniwetok.
1944.
"Saranac" departed Eniwetok on 12 January 1944 for overhaul at San Pedro. Underway again from the west coast on 4 March, "Saranac" arrived at Majuro on 21 March. She operated there for almost three months, fueling ships in port, sortieing three times as a unit of an underway replenishment group to refuel fast carrier forces at sea, and making a fast run to Pearl Harbor in April to refill her tanks. On her third underway refueling assignment, her luck ran out as her group was located on 18 June by Japanese aircraft searching for escort carriers in the vicinity, and all three oilers were hit. "Saranac"s after superstructure and her fire room were badly damaged, and she lost nine men; seven killed and two missing. Early the next morning, under her own power and, after emergency repairs at Eniwetok, she arrived at San Pedro, California, on 18 July for permanent repairs.
"Saranac" departed San Pedro on 6 September and joined an underway replenishment group at Purvis Bay, on arrival, on the 28 September. After three sorties from that port to fuel fleet units, she shifted her base to Kossol Roads, Palau, on 19 October in preparation for the amphibious invasion of the Gulf of Leyte in the Philippines. She departed the next day and fueled ships in the transport anchorage off Leyte from 23 to 27 October. Returning to Kossol Roads on 30 October, she sailed the next day for Hollandia, where she arrived on 4 November. After fueling numerous ships in port, she departed Hollandia on 5 December. The oiler suffered a turbine casualty the next day and put into Manus for repairs, which lasted until 21 December. She then returned to Humboldt Bay, but left on the 28 December for permanent engine repairs at Pearl Harbor.
1945–1946.
Her overhaul at Pearl lasted from 13 January to 9 March 1945. Back at Ulithi on 23 March, "Saranac" resumed fueling fleet units there until getting underway on 1 April to support the invasion of Okinawa. While the troops ashore fought to secure the island and fleet units battled Japanese kamikazes offshore, "Saranac" carried out underway replenishment off the island as part of the logistics support group, until getting underway on 12 April to refill her tanks at Ulithi. She rejoined the underway replenishment forces off Okinawa on 22 April and provided continuous services until sailing once again for Ulithi on 8 June. On her return to Okinawa on 3 July, she anchored at Kerama Retto and provided fuel to ships there. She continued this duty for the next three months, leaving the area only to return to Ulithi for more fuel and to ride out typhoons off Okinawa.
The oiler departed Okinawa on 5 October bound for Shanghai, China, where she provided fuel to United States ships operating off China after the Japanese surrender. She left for Yokosuka on 21 December 1945 and, on 3 January 1946, sailed for Pearl Harbor.
1946–1956.
She returned to Yokohama on 20 February 1946, and Shanghai on 27 February. Then on 4 March, steamed from that port for the United States and arrived at San Francisco on 21 March. "Saranac" was then selected for conversion to a floating power plant to support dredging operations at Guam. At Alameda, California, she was stripped of all military equipment not required for the passage to Guam and fitted with power regulators and transformers. The ship sailed for Guam on 19 June 1946 and decommissioned there on 19 July, soon after arrival.
After continuous use as a power facility, she commenced overhaul at the Ship Repair Facility, Guam, on 24 May 1951. She was loaned to the army on 25 August 1951, and departed Guam on 26 October under tow to Inchon, Korea, where she provided power to U.S. Army installations ashore. The ship was returned to navy custody on 15 October 1953, reclassified YFP-9 (Floating Power Barge) on 1 September 1954, and struck from the Navy List on 26 March 1956.
Sale.
She was sold to Hugo Neu Corporation, New York, on 4 December 1957 for use as a power facility abroad by the International Steel and Metal Corporation. The ship was renamed "Somerset" in 1959.
She was in use as a floating power station at Kobe, Japan in 1971, subsequent fate unknown.
Awards.
"Saranac" received five battle stars for her World War II service.


Magellan Navigation

Magellan Navigation, Inc. is an American producer of consumer and professional grade global positioning system receivers, named after Ferdinand Magellan, the first explorer to circumnavigate the globe. Headquartered in San Dimas, California, with European sales and engineering centers in Nantes, France and Moscow, Russia, Magellan also produces aftermarket automotive GPS units, including the Hertz Neverlost system found in Hertz rental cars. The Maestro, RoadMate, Triton, and eXplorist lines are Magellan's current consumer offerings. The company also produces proprietary road maps (DirectRoute), topographic maps (Topo), and marine charts (BlueNav) for use with its consumer GPS receivers.
History.
Magellan started as an independent company. It was once owned by Orbital Sciences Corporation, which purchased it in 1994. In 2001, Thales Group purchased the Magellan division of Orbital Sciences for about $70 million and the company became known as Thales Navigation. Five years later, private equity firm Shah Capital Partners and other investors purchased Thales Navigation for $170 million and the company was officially renamed Magellan Navigation.
Magellan was the creator of the Magellan NAV 1000—the world’s first commercial handheld GPS receiver, which debuted in 1989. In 1997, Magellan also introduced the first handheld global satellite communicator—the GSC 100. Later consumer handheld products included the Magellan GPS 2000, GPS 315, Meridian, SporTrak, and Magellan RoadMate models. The MobileMapper CE and ProMark3 have been marketed to professionals like surveyors and GIS (geographic information systems) users.
The consumer division of Magellan was purchased by Mio Technology subsidiary of MiTAC on December 15, 2008, who changed the name to "MiTAC Digital Corporation".
Consumer products.
Magellan develops and distributes vehicle navigation, crossover GPS, and outdoor handheld navigation products. The Company also produces customized mapping software for topographic, marine, and street navigation.
Current GPS products as of 2016 include:
Magellan GPS units include a variety of different viewing options, including a 3D bird's-eye view, a night view, and pop-up visuals of upcoming turns. Some models use SiRFstarIII for position accuracy within three meters, and voice and onscreen prompts that provide directions on how to drive to a particular destination. Certain Magellan vehicle navigation systems are also Bluetooth-compatible for integration with mobile phones, and traffic upgradeable for real-time traffic information. The Maestro 4050 is the first portable vehicle navigation device to offer drivers the convenience of voice command capabilities. The Company has a partnership with AAA that provides drivers with AAA TourBook guide travel information, AAA Member Roadside Assistance details, and AAA Show Your Card & Save Member Discount locations on specific models.
Maps.
Magellan products currently use Navteq based maps. Map errors are handled by the Navteq Map Reporter. Errors can be reported using the Navteq Map Reporter map feedback page.


Carbonate iron ore


Base load

The baseload (also base load) on a grid is the minimum level of demand on an electrical grid over a span of time, for example, one week. This demand can be met by unvarying power plants, dispatchable generation, or by a collection of smaller intermittent energy sources, depending on which approach has the best mix of low cost, availability and high reliability in any particular market. The remainder of demand, varying throughout a day, is met by dispatchable generation which can be turned up or down quickly, such as load following power plants, peaking power plants, or energy storage.
Power plants that do not change their power output quickly, such as large coal or nuclear plants, are generally called baseload power plants. Historically, most or all of baseload demand was met with baseload power plants, but this is becoming less common due to increasing levels of renewables and advances in flexible generation.
Description.
Grid operators take long and short term bids to provide electricity over various time periods and balance supply and demand continuously. The detailed adjustments are known as the unit commitment problem in electrical power production.
While historically large power grids used unvarying power plants to meet the base load, there is no specific technical requirement for this to be so. The base load can equally well be met by the appropriate quantity of intermittent power sources and dispatchable generation.
Unvarying power plants can be coal, nuclear, combined cycle plants, which may take several days to start up and shut down, hydroelectric, geothermal, biogas, biomass, solar thermal with storage and ocean thermal energy conversion.
The desirable attribute of dispatchability applies to some gas plants, wind (through blade pitch) and hydroelectricity. Grid operators also use "curtailment" to shut plants out of the grid when their energy is not needed.
There are 195 gigawatts of grid storage installed world-wide; 94% is pumped-storage hydroelectricity; 2% is in batteries.
Pumped storage uses cheap power at times of low demand, usually night, to pump water from a lower reservoir to an upper reservoir, then lets it drop back through turbines during peak demand times, usually in the day. Availability of solar power in peak hours of the day can reduce the need for storage. The biggest storage facility in the world is on the Virginia-West Virginia border, with 50% more capacity than the Hoover Dam.
Economics.
Grid operators solicit bids to find the cheapest sources of electricity over short and long term buying periods.
Nuclear and coal plants have very high fixed costs, high plant load factor but very low marginal costs, though not as low as solar, wind, and hydroelectric. On the other hand, peak load generators, such as natural gas, have low fixed costs, low plant load factor and high marginal costs.
Coal and nuclear power plants do not change production to match power consumption demands since it is more economical to operate them at constant production levels, and not all power plants are designed for it. However, some nuclear power stations, such as those in France, are physically capable of being used as load following power plants and do alter their output, to some degree, to help meet varying demands.
Some combined-cycle plants usually fuelled by gas, can provide baseload power, as well as being able to be cost-effectively cycled up and down to match more rapid fluctuations in consumption.
Different plants and technologies may have differing capacities to increase or decrease output on demand: nuclear plants are generally run at close to maximum output continuously (apart from maintenance, refueling and periodic refurbishment), while coal-fired plants may be cycled over the course of a day to meet demand. Plants with multiple generating units may be used as a group to improve the "fit" with demand, by turning units on and off.
According to National Grid plc chief executive officer Steve Holliday in 2015, baseload is "outdated", as microgrids would become the primary means of production, and large powerplants relegated to supply the remainder.


J. Robert Welsh Power Plant

J. Robert Welsh Power Plant is a 1-gigawatt (1,056 MW), coal power plant located northwest of Pittsburg, Texas in Titus County, Texas. It is operated by SWEPCO, a subsidiary of AEP. The plant is named after J. Robert Welsh, a former President and Board Chairman of SWEPCO.
History.
Welsh Power Plant had three units constructed: Unit 1 began operations in 1977, Unit 2 began operations in 1980, and Unit 3 began operations in 1982. All three units were installed with boilers from Babcock & Wilcox and turbines from Westinghouse. Combined, the three units had an operating capacity of 1,674 MW.
In 2012, AEP announced they were reducing output at Unit 2 to coincide with the commencement of commercial operations at John W. Turk Jr. Coal Plant in Arkansas. Unit 2 was officially decommissioned in April 2016 as a part of a major retrofitting project to comply with the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS) for Units 1 and 3.
The remaining two units use sub-bituminous coal mined from the Powder River Basin shipped via rail.
Close to it, there is Welsh HVDC Converter Station, a back-to-back HVDC station.


Yizheng Chemical Fibre

Yizheng Chemical Fiber (), full name "Sinopec Yizheng Chemical Fiber Company Limited", abbreviated as "Yizheng", is a subsidiary company of Sinopec, which is engaged in sales and production of fibers and fiber materials on Mainland China. The headquarters of the company is located at Yizheng City, Jiangsu Province.
There have been hopes that Sinopec, Yizheng's parent company, will process share reform and privatize Yizheng Chemical Fiber and Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical, but the plan has not been finalized.
Yizheng has both A share and H share listed in Shanghai Stock Exchange and Hong Kong Stock Exchange respectively, with the greatest difference between A and H share prices currently. It also has the largest 6tr EUhistorical P/E ratio among all H shares, currently more than 200 times.


Agriculture Street Landfill

The Agriculture Street Landfill was a dump located in the Desire Area of New Orleans, Louisiana. The area was later developed for residential use, with unfortunate environmental consequences. It became a Superfund cleanup site in 1994.
History.
A city dump.
This area in the Upper Ninth Ward of New Orleans was swampy low ground when it began to be used as a dump in 1909. The landfill became one of the area's main dumps for both residential and industrial waste. It often caught fire, with flames and smoke visible for a good distance away, and got the local nickname "Dante's Inferno". The dump was first closed in 1952, but continued as a sanitary landfill site to the end of the decade. It reopened in the aftermath of Hurricane Betsy, and much debris from that storm was deposited on site. It was officially reclosed in 1966, although reports indicate that dumping continued for another year. The landfill site was then covered with ash from city incinerators and compacted by bulldozers.
Redevelopment.
Starting in 1978, the old dump site was covered with sand and soil then redeveloped as a residential neighborhood, with 67 single-family homes, 225 townhouses (majority public housing), a 128-unit apartment complex, Moton Elementary School, and a small shopping plaza. Three residential developments - Press Park (the townhouses), Gordon Plaza (the single-family homes), and Liberty Terrace (the apartment building) - were built over the old landfill area.
The redevelopment project was championed by then mayor Dutch Morial as an opportunity for low-income African-Americans to qualify for home ownership. Along with the City of New Orleans led by Morial, additional sponsors of the redevelopment project included former U.S. Representative William J. Jefferson, New Orleans City Councilman Johnny Jackson, the Housing Authority of New Orleans, the New Orleans school board, and HUD.
Problems.
Complaints of trash working its way up to the surface and health problems by area residents first prompted Environmental Protection Agency investigations in 1986. The area was initially judged not worthy of federal remedy and no further remedial action was planned by the EPA. In 1991, the US Centers for Disease Control revised the national levels for lead in blood from 25 ugm/DL to 10 ugm/DL, prompting new concern for environmental lead exposure. Residents continued finding old trash just below the surface when trying to plant gardens or erect fences, and anecdotal evidence of health problems including abnormally high rates of cancer became common (though the ATSDR found, in September 1997, that statistically higher breast cancer rates in the area were not related to the site). People in the area petitioned for retesting in 1993, and the site was placed on the National Priorities List as a cleanup site the following year. Investigations showed that the actual amount of soil placed over the landfill before redevelopment was much thinner than had been claimed.
Remedial work.
EPA supervised cleanup included closing Moton Elementary, and on residential land removing two feet of soil, putting down a geotextile barrier, then topping it with two feet of new clean soil. In April 2001 it was announced to be 99% complete. Many area homeowners and residents have petitioned for being moved elsewhere, with the backing of Congressman Bill Jefferson, but they have not succeeded in getting funds provided.
After Hurricane Katrina.
Flooding in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina disrupted this area ("see:" Effect of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans), with storm surge funneled by the Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet Canal flooding into this neighborhood in 2005. There are concerns that the flooding has released additional toxins in the area. "Press Park", a 56 townhouse housing complex in the area, has been found contaminated with benzopyrene at levels some 50 times EPA health screening level, and remains fenced off as of April 2010. In March 2018, the Orleans Parish School Board was ordered by civil district judge Tiffany Chase to pay a $12 million dollar judgment to 1,433 former students of Moton Elementary School. This was the equivalent of $1,000 per year each student spent at the school, plus interest.


Walsum power plant

Walsum power plant is a coal-fired power station owned by Evonik Industries. It is in the Walsum quarter of Duisburg, on the area of the former "Walsum" coal mine.
Structure.
It has an installed output capacity of 600 megawatts (MW). The chimney is 300 metres high, one of the highest chimneys in Germany. The power station supplies not only electricity but also process steam for the paper factory of the Norske Skog as well as long-distance heating and electricity to Fernwärmeschiene Niederrhein and the Walsum coal mine. From approximately 930,000 tons of coal, the power station produces approximately 2.2 billion a kWh electricity, 33 million a kWh of long-distance heating, 500,000 t process steam and 250 million m³ compressed air per year. It has a coal storage capacity of 34.000 t.
History.
At the location Duisburg Walsum were established to 1928 a power plant for the covering of the need of the coal mine Walsum at steam. 1957 were extended it by a power station block (block 6) with 68 MW, 1959 and 1960 followed two power station blocks (block 7 and 8) with 150 MW each. 1988 replaced block 9 with an output of 410 MW the blocks 6 and 8. 2007 are to be begun with the building of the block 10 for a capacity of 700 megawatts (MW). Block 10 will be ready to start end of 2013 after serious problems with the high-tech steel of the boiler. June 30, 2007 the Walsum coal mine stopped down.


Tadiran

Tadiran refers to a former Israeli conglomerate, which was founded in 1962 by the merger of two companies, Tadir and Ran (itself founded as a batteries manufacturer in 1932). The name of the company is a joining of both companies’ names.
Through the years the company had interests in electronics, home appliances (refrigeration and air conditioning), telecommunications, batteries, medical systems and defence electronics.<br>
The company does not exist as a conglomerate anymore. The brand name survived through the former conglomerate's many spin-offs and sold divisions. They include:
These brands are business are described below.
Tadiran Air Conditioners, Tadiran Appliances (owned by Tadiran Holdings).
Tadiran Appliances (also known as Tadiran Air Conditioners), was acquired by the Carrier Corporation, the world’s largest manufacturer and distributor of heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, itself a subsidiary of United Technologies Corporation (UTC) of the USA and a constitute of Dow Jones Industrial Average. Carrier initially acquired 26%of the company in 1997 and took full ownership of it in 2004.
In October 2009, Carrier sold Tadiran Appliances to Crystal Consumer Products, a white goods distributor in Israel, which shortly afterwards changed its name to Tadiran Holdings ().
In the past, Tadiran Appliances used to manufacture a wide range of White goods, including: refrigerators and freezers; stoves and ovens; TV sets ( assembly of Italy's Voxon models) and Radio sets and Car Radios. However, today only the Air conditioning business remains active (and still has the highest market share by far in Israel).
In January of 2021 Tadiran Appliances filed an international patent for a new air conditioning system that purifies 99.999% of viruses, germs and bacteria
Tadiran Electronic Systems, Tadiran Spectralink, Tadiran Communications -> Elbit Systems.
In July 2008 Tadiran Communications and Elbit Systems merged, which brought all three of the above companies to exist under one group (this since Elisra Group itself is a subsidiary of Elbit Systems).
Tadiran LifeCare (owned by Aerotel Medical Systems).
Tadiran LifeCare was a division within Tadiran Spectralink, established to design and develop wireless monitoring solutions for healthcare applications. Tadiran LifeCare was acquired by Aerotel Medical Systems in January 2007
Ituran & Tadiran Telematics.
Ituran was established in 1994 by the Tadiran conglomerate to develop and operate a service for locating stolen vehicles using a technology that was originally developed for military use at Tadiran Telematics, a subsidiary of Tadiran Communications. In 1995 Tadiran decided to sell the Ituran concept to a group of investors for $250,000 USD.
In 1998 the company had an initial public offering on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, raising the capital required to develop the service overseas in the United States, Brazil and Argentina.
In November 1999, Ituran acquired Tadiran Telematics, which continued to manufacture the vehicle tracking systems Ituran was using for its services, for $10 million. The acquisition enabled Ituran to reduce the cost of the systems it sold. Ituran changed the company's name to Telematics Wireless.
In 2004, Telematics Wireless won contracts to install and deploy vehicle tracking systems in Korea and China, for local companies developing a service similar to Ituran's.
In 2005, Ituran raised approximately $50 million in an initial public offering on Nasdaq, which gave the company a value of $294 million.
In November 2007, Ituran sold Telematics Wireless to Singapore based ST Electronics, part of the ST Engineering corporation, for $90 million.


Associated Iron Moulders of Scotland

The Associated Iron Moulders of Scotland (AIMS) was a trade union representing foundry workers in Scotland.
The union was created in 1831 as the Scottish Iron Moulders' Union. Its founder was James Dunn, a former cotton worker who had been blacklisted for trade union activities in his own trade. He spotted a gap produced by the failure of the Scottish Iron Moulders' Friendly Society, and the new union was successful, growing to 556 members by 1834, and gaining increases of 4 shillings per week for its members.
The union attempted to restrict the number of workers in the industry by campaigning to limit the number of apprentices, and charging a fee of £5 for non-Scottish workers to join the union. Due to its high subscriptions, it was able to pay a pension of 3s 6d per week to retired members, and additional benefits including one for members who suffered accidents at work.
The union adopted its final name in 1869, joining the Trades Union Congress in 1875. It was also an early member of the Scottish Trades Union Congress. By the early 1910s, it had more than 7,500 members.
In 1920, the union merged with the Friendly Society of Iron Founders of England, Ireland and Wales and the Amalgamated Society of Coremakers of Great Britain to form the National Union of Foundry Workers.


PA Semiconductor


Agfa Monotype


Wickedly Welsh Chocolate

Wickedly Welsh Chocolate is a chocolate factory and visitor centre located in Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire, Wales. The business makes its own chocolate at the premises. Visitors can also experience hands-on chocolate demonstrations, have a drink in the cafe and buy chocolates at the shop. The company's product is available at 25 stores in the local area including Oakwood Theme Park.
History.
The factory was started by Mark Owen in April 2014, who suffers from type 1 diabetes. Consequently, the company's product range is diabetic-friendly. The business creates a range of chocolates, amongst which is a chocolate high in flavanols. Owen's wife Karen had previously worked on the nearby Pemberton's Chocolate Farm in Llanboidy and knew the appropriate machinery to purchase. The couple tried to take over running of the farm, which was on the market, but failed to do so, setting up their current premises instead.
In the eight months since opening, the factory catered for 20,000 visitors. The company runs a regular newsletter via email to around 15,000 subscribers with ideas for chocolate-based recipes. Local MP Stephen Crabb has praised the factory and business, calling it "a fantastic addition to Pembrokeshire's tourism offer". The company runs regular promotions for Valentine's Day, Mother's Day and Halloween. The company have produced a Willy Wonka-themed "Golden Ticket" campaign, with winners receiving tickets for both the factory and Oakwood Theme Park. For Easter 2015, the factory collaborated with "Wales Online" to provide a VIP tour of the factory as a competition prize.
In November 2016 it was criticised on Twitter for welcoming UKIP AM Neil Hamilton and his wife.


Reed Research Reactor

The Reed Research Reactor (RRR) () is a research nuclear reactor located on-campus at Reed College in Portland, Oregon. It is a pool-type TRIGA Mark I reactor, built by General Atomics in 1968 and operated since then under licence from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Maximum thermal output is 250 kW. The reactor has over 1,000 visitors each year and serves the Reed College departments of Physics and Chemistry, as well as other departments.
Operation.
RRR is the only research reactor in the world that is owned and operated by an undergraduate educational institution. It is operated and maintained by undergraduate college students under the supervision of a director and operations manager who are members of the college staff. The facility provides scientific irradiation services to a broad community outside the college, but its primary mission is for student initiated research, training, and hands-on education.
The Reed Research Reactor is intended to produce thermal neutrons. It is used primarily for neutron activation to produce radioisotopes or analyze composition of material samples.
Undergraduate leadership.
The RRR distinguishes itself from other university research reactors by the fact that it is the only reactor run completely by undergraduate students and serves undergraduate degree programs almost exclusively. In fact, Reed College does not have any nuclear engineering or even any engineering program.
The facility is used in research projects, often conducted by the campus itself. As of November 2018, there are approximately 40 students licensed to operate the reactor. In order to obtain such a license, students must attend a year of seminars on nuclear safety followed by an exam administered by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
When the facilities were visited by ABC's "Radioactive Roadtrip" Primetime special, the fact that the school had no Engineering program was purported as evidence that university reactors are sometimes kept as more of a status symbol than as a valid research tool. This is a quote from the ABC website:
University Reaction: The reactor is a "zero-risk facility," and there is no plausible way it is a threat, said Edward Hershey, director of public affairs at Reed College. Although the school has no nuclear engineering department — or any engineering department for that matter — chemistry and physics students use it as a resource. Hershey said the reactor is a "bragging point" for Reed. "It's just a neat facility," he said.
The "zero-risk facility" comment reflects the reactor design which is a pin-type Low Enriched Uranium natural circulation driven LWR, with a very strong negative temperature coefficient. As such, it is impossible to overheat the reactor, even in the case of a sudden reactivity insertion.
Irradiation facilities.
Irradiation facilities include equipment that is used to place, move, and organize samples that are to be irradiated.
Pneumatic transfer system.
The pneumatic transfer system (known colloquially as the "rabbit system") consists of an irradiation chamber in the outer ring of the core with its associated pump and piping. This allows samples to be transferred in and out of the reactor core very rapidly, while the reactor is at power. Routine use of the pneumatic transfer system involves placing samples into vials, which in turn are placed in special capsules known as “rabbits.” The capsule is loaded into the system in the radiochemistry laboratory next to the reactor and is then transferred pneumatically into the core-irradiation position for a predetermined time. At the end of this period, the sample is transferred back to the receiving terminal, where it is removed for measurement. The transfer time from the core to the terminal is less than seven seconds, making this method of irradiating samples particularly useful for experiments involving radioisotopes with short half-lives. The flux in the core terminal is approximately 5x1012 n/cm2/s when the reactor is at full power.
Rotating specimen rack.
The rotating specimen rack (lazy susan) is located in a well on top of the graphite reflector which surrounds the core. The rack consists of a circular array of 40 tubular receptacles. Each receptacle can accommodate two TRIGA-type irradiation tubes, so that up to 80 separate samples may be irradiated at any one time. Vials holding up to ( internal diameter, long) are routinely used in this system. Depending upon its geometry, a sample up to about could be irradiated by joining two vials. Samples are loaded in the specimen rack prior to the start-up of the reactor. The rack automatically rotates during irradiation to ensure each sample receives the same neutron flux. Typically, the rotating rack is used by researchers when longer irradiation times (generally greater than five minutes) are required. The average thermal neutron flux in the rotating rack position is approximately 2×1012 n/cm2/s with a cadmium ratio of 6.0 at full power. The specimen rack can also be used for gamma irradiations when the reactor is shut down. The shutdown gamma flux in the specimen rack is approximately 3 R/min.
Central thimble.
The central thimble, which is a water-filled irradiation chamber about in diameter, provides the highest available neutron flux, about 1.4x1013 n/cm2/s. However, it holds only one specially positioned irradiation container, containing a cavity in length and in diameter.
Another in-core location is available by replacing one of the fuel elements with an irradiation chamber. The chamber fits into a fuel-element position within the core itself.
Foil-insertion holes, in diameter, are drilled at various positions through the grid plates. These holes allow inserting special holders containing flux wires into the core, to obtain neutron flux maps of the core.
In-pool facilities.
Near core, in-pool irradiation facilities can be arranged for larger samples. Neutron fluxes will be lower than in the lazy susan and will depend on the sample location.


Proto (tools)

Proto Tools (formally Stanley Proto) is an American industrial hand tool company. Founded as Plomb, it is presently a division of Stanley Black & Decker. The company is credited with creating the first combination wrench in 1933.
History.
Proto was founded in 1907 by Alphonse Plomb, Jacob Weninger, and Charles Williams as the Plomb Tool Company, a small blacksmith shop making chisels in Los Angeles. In 1933, Plomb released what is commonly credited as the first combination wrench.
Plomb acquired a number of companies during the 1940s, including Cragin Tool of Chicago, Illinois in 1940, P&C Tool of Oregon in 1941, Penens Tool of Cleveland, Ohio in 1942, and J.P. Danielson of Jamestown, New York in 1947. Penens Tool would produce tools under the Fleet and Challenger brand names after its acquisition.
In 1946, Plomb was sued by another tool manufacturer—Fayette R. Plumb, Inc., now a brand of Apex Tool Group—for trademark infringement. The company began manufacturing its tools with the Proto name, a portmanteau of "professional" and "tools," in 1948. In 1957, the company began operating as Pendleton Tool Industries.
In 1964, Proto was acquired by Ingersoll-Rand, and in 1984, it was acquired by Stanley and became Stanley Proto Industrial Tools.


Petty Harbour Generating Station

The Petty Harbour Hydro Electric Generating Station is a hydroelectric generating station in Petty Harbour–Maddox Cove, Newfoundland and Labrador. It was constructed in 1898 and it was the first hydroelectric generating station in Newfoundland. It was built by the St. John's Street Railway Company, a company established by Robert Reid. Operation commenced on 19 April 1900.
In 1920 Reid renamed the company the St. John's Light and Power Company. On 7 February 1921, an avalanche destroyed of the wooden penstock that carried water from the dam to the generating station, cutting off all electrical power to St. John's for almost five days. Then, in 1924, the plant changed ownership to the Royal Securities Corporation of Montreal, where they began extensive reconstruction of the plant and watershed area.
On 1 May 1978, the plant was entered in the Canadian Engineering Heritage Record as a model reflecting progressive adaptation to emerging technology, and remains today as one of the few plants of its type still in active service.
General Information.
Location: Petty Harbour-Maddox Cove, Newfoundland and Labrador
Owner: Newfoundland Power
Capacity: 5.3 MW
Average Yearly Output: 18 gigawatt-hours
Head: 57.9 metres
Average Streamflow: 5.6 cms
On-Line: 1900
Original Design: G.H. Massey, A.C. Rice
Original Construction: Reid Newfoundland Company
Equipment.
Turbines.
Unit 1: (installed in 1902)
Inward-flow Girard type (impulse turbine)
1.4 MW
Manufactured by Stillwell, Bierce & Smith
Vaille Co.
Replaced in 1912 with
Horizontal Francis turbine
1.57 MW
Manufactured by Voith

Unit 2: (installed in 1900) Victor type (early Francis turbine)
1.4 MW
Manufactured by Stillwell, Bierce & Smith
Vaille Co.
Replaced in 1908 with
Horizontal Francis
1.57 MW
Manufactured by Voith

Unit 3: (installed in 1926)
Horizontal Francis
2.05 MW
Manufactured by Armstrong Whitworth
Generators.
Unit 2 (installed in 1900):
3-phase, 60 Hertz, 550 volts
Manufactured by Westinghouse
Replaced in 1926 with
3-phase, 60 Hertz, 2,300 volts
Manufactured by General Electric

Unit 1 (installed in 1902):
3-phase, 60 Hertz, 550 volts
Manufactured by Westinghouse
Rewound in 1926 to 2,300 volts

Unit 3 (installed in 1926):
3-phase, 60 Hertz, 2,300 volts
Manufactured by General Electric
Construction.
Powerhouse.
48.8 metres long by 7.3 metres wide
by 4.9 metres high
Masonry construction
Penstock.
Original:

1,057 metres long, 2.4-meter by 2.4-meter
cross-section wooden flume

112.2 metres long, 2.4-meter by 2.4-meter
cross-section rock tunnel

115.2 metres long, 2-meter-diameter
steel penstock

Replacements:

1926: 975-metre-long, 2.3-meter-diameter
wood stave penstock

1953: Steel penstock (surge tank riser)
replaced with 2.3-metre-diameter
steel pipe

1999: Lower 740.7 metres of penstock
replaced with 2.3-metre-diameter
steel pipe

Intake Structure:

Concrete with steel gate and lift
(integral to forebay dam)

Dams & Reservoirs.
Forebay.
In 1900, rockfill with timber facing.
Replaced in 1926 with concrete gravity.
Steel anchors added in 1992.
9.1-meter maximum height.
Bay Bulls Big Pond.
Zoned earthfill (rebuilt 1998–1999)
Concrete outlet conduit
Cochrane Pond.
Earthfill with concrete overflow spillway
and timber crib outlet
Tailrace.
Unlined canal excavated in rock
137 metres long


International Union of Leather Workers

The International Union of Leather Workers () was a global union federation representing tanners and glovemakers.
The first international links between glovemakers' unions came about in 1871, when the unions from France, Austria, Denmark and Sweden met in Germany, and this led the unions based in Germany and Vienna to begin international co-operation, soon joined by the Scandinavian unions, and one based in Prague. This was sometimes described as the first international trade secretariat, but no central office or leadership was established.
In 1892, at a conference in Brussels, the International Federation of Glovemakers was established. This included affiliates from Germany, Norway and Sweden, and local unions from Brussels, Copenhagen, Genoa, Grenoble, Jáchymov, Kadaň, Luxembourg, Milan, Naples, Paris, Prague and Vienna. However, all combined, they represented only 4,089 workers. Despite this, the federation survived, organising congresses in Grenoble in 1893, Paris in 1895, Zurich in 1898, and Stuttgart in 1904. Its headquarters were initially in Brussels, and from 1892 it published a journal in French, "Gantier". In 1904, it moved its headquarters to Berlin, home of its largest affiliate.
In 1914, it decided to admit unions representing tanners, and so renamed itself as the "International Union of Leather Workers". However, it lost most of its affiliates, and by 1921, it only had members from Austria, Denmark, Germany and Luxembourg. That year, it merged into the rival International Union of Boot and Shoe Operatives, Leather, Skin and Hide Workers.


Sikka Thermal Power Station

Sikka Thermal Power Station is one of Gujarat's coal-fired power plants. It is located near Jamnagar which is the major industrial town in Gujarat.
Power Plant.
Sikka Thermal Power Station is located near Jamnagar, which is the major industrial town in Gujarat. There was two units of 120 MW capacity each is recently decommissioned and two 250 MW unit is operational.


Kakatiya Thermal Power Station

Kakatiya Thermal Power Station is located near Chelpur village of Ghanpur mandal in Warangal district of the Indian state of Telangana. The power plant is one of the coal based power plants of TSGENCO
Plant.
This power plant was developed in 2 stages. The first stage comprised one 500MW unit. The unit was synchronized to grid with oil firing on 31.03.2010 at 06:08 hrs. Coal firing was immediately taken up and the load was raised up to 84 MW and the unit was in service with this load for about 1 hour.
Kakatiya TPP Unit-II 1X600MW, was synchronized to the grid at 03:00 hrs. on 22-10-2015 and loaded to 105 MW.


National Union of Leather and Allied Workers

The National Union of Leather and Allied Workers (NULAW) is a trade union representing workers in the leather and shoemaking industries in South Africa.
The union was founded in 1924 as the National Union of Leather Workers, and registered with the government in 1926. That year, it established a national bargaining council with the Footwear Manufacturers' Association. It initially accepted all workers, regardless of ethnicity, but in 1946 it created a separate union for black workers, the African Leather Workers' Union.
By 1970, the union was affiliated with the Trade Union Council of South Africa, and by 1980 it had 20,810 members. Employment in the industry has since fallen significantly. It is currently affiliated to the Federation of Unions of South Africa.


Aberystwyth power station

Aberystwyth power station supplied electricity to the town of Aberystwyth from 1895 to the 1970s. The oil-engine station was operated by a succession of private and public owners including Aberystwyth Corporation prior to the nationalisation of the electricity industry in 1948. The power station, with an ultimate capacity of 5 MW, was redeveloped as demand for electricity grew and old plant was replaced.
History.
In 1892 Aberystwyth Corporation applied for a Provisional Order under the "Electric Lighting Acts" to generate and supply electricity to the town. This was granted by the Board of Trade and was confirmed by Parliament through the "Electric Lighting Orders Confirmation (No. 2) Act 1892" (55 & 56 Vict. c. xxxvii).
The following year the Provisional Order was transferred to the Bourne & Grant Electricity Supply Company Limited. The Company, which was registered 13 May 1893, built a power station in Mill Street Aberystwyth (52°24'45"N 4°05'03"W) and first supplied electricity to the town in August 1895. The company was renamed the Aberystwyth & Chiswick Electric Supply Corporation Limited as the company also supplied electricity to the Chiswick district in west London, although the two systems were not interconnected. By 1904 the company name changed to the Chiswick Electric Supply Corporation Limited but it continued to develop electricity supplies in Aberystwyth.
The Central Electricity Board constructed the national grid (1927–33) to connect power stations within a region. However, Aberystwyth was remote from the grid and continued to run independently. The Chiswick Corporation noted that of all the fuel oil stations in the country of similar output the Aberystwyth station was ranked fourth in terms of thermal efficiency.
Aberystwyth Corporation took over the operation of the electricity undertaking in 1936. The Corporation continued as the owner of the power station and supply system until nationalisation of the British electricity supply industry in 1948. The Aberystwyth electricity undertaking was abolished, ownership of Aberystwyth power station was vested in the British Electricity Authority, and subsequently the Central Electricity Authority and the Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB). At the same time the electricity distribution and sales responsibilities of the Aberystwyth electricity undertaking were transferred to the Merseyside & North Wales Electricity Board (MANWEB).
Equipment specification.
The original plant at Aberystwyth power station comprised Browett-Lindley oil engines coupled by ropes and belts to Johnson & Phillips’ generators. In 1898 the maximum load was 74 kW.
Plant in 1923.
By 1923 the generating plant comprised:
Generators:
These machines gave a total generating capacity of 470 kW of direct current.
Electricity supplies to consumers were at 440 & 220 Volt DC.
Plant in 1958.
The plant in 1958 comprised:
The total installed generating capacity was 4.92 MW, with an output capacity of 5 MW.
Operations.
In 1897 the maximum electricity demand was 74 kW, and the station supplied 46,033 kWh.
Operating data 1921–23.
The operating data for the period 1921–23 was:
Operating data 1946.
Aberystwyth power station operating data for 1946 was:
Operating data 1954–72.
Operating data for the period 1954–72 was:
Aberystwyth Electricity Supply District.
Aberystwyth was an electricity supply district in the Merseyside & North Wales Electricity Board. It supplied an area of 606 square miles (1570 km2) and a population of 40,000. It comprised the Borough of Aberystwyth and the districts of Dolgelley, Machynlleth and Towyn. Electricity supplies were:
Closure.
Aberystwyth power station was decommissioned in the 1970s.


Hai-Fu Power Plant

The Hai-Fu Power Plant () is a combined cycle power station located in Luzhu District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan. The station is located north east of Taoyuan International Airport. The power station runs on natural gas and consists of two KA24-2 turbines. The turnkey project was awarded in 1996 to ABB. The customer is EverPower IPP Co. Ltd. with its head office in Taichung.

Prandtl and the Third Reich.
After Hitler's rise to power and the establishment of the Third Reich, Prandtl continued his role as director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society. During this period the Nazi air ministry, led by Hermann Göring, often used Prandtl's international reputation as a scientist to promote Germany's scientific agenda. Prandtl appears to have happily served as an ambassador for the Nazi regime, writing in 1937 to a NACA representative "I believe that Fascism in Italy and National Socialism in Germany represent very good beginnings of new thinking and economics." Prandtl's support for the regime is apparent in his letters to G. I. Taylor and his wife in 1938 and 1939. Referring to Nazi Germany's treatment of Jews, Prandtl wrote "The struggle, which Germany unfortunately had to fight against the Jews, was necessary for its self-preservation." Prandtl also claimed that "If there will be war, the guilt to have caused it by political measures is this time unequivocally on the side of England."
Death and afterwards.
Prandtl worked at Göttingen until he died on 15 August 1953. His work in fluid dynamics is still used today in many areas of aerodynamics and chemical engineering. He is often referred to as the father of modern aerodynamics.
The crater Prandtl on the far side of the Moon is named in his honour.
The Ludwig-Prandtl-Ring is awarded by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt in his honour for outstanding contribution in the field of aerospace engineering.
In 1992, Prandtl was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame at the San Diego Air & Space Museum.


Flight 409

Flight 409 may refer to:


Thisted Airport

Thisted Airport () is a small airport servicing the Danish town of Thisted. It is owned by Thisted municipality. It is located on Danish national road 26, 8 kilometers from Hanstholm and 15 kilometers from Thisted. The airport opened in 1970.
Overview.
Thisted Airport previously serviced two daily flights between Thisted and the Danish capital, Copenhagen, a service operated by "flying.dk" which also served as operator of the airport. Flying.dk suspended all flights from the airport effective 1 February 2007. Thisted municipality has supported operations of the airport with an annual 2.5 million DKK. No new operator has not been found, and public funding would be needed to operate flights. The nearest airport from Thisted is Aalborg Airport, road distance.


Eikefet Tunnel

The Eikefet Tunnel () is a road tunnel in Alver Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The tunnel is part of the European route E39 highway through the mountain "Kjellrusen" from the village of Eikefet to Odnåstjørni. The tunnel is the longest of a series of tunnels along this highway through Lindås.
The tunnel was opened on 27 March 1980. When it opened, it was Norway's longest road tunnel. Eikefet has rated poorly in safety testing by the "European Tunnel Assessment Programme". This is due to long distances between emergency pull off areas and emergency phones; poor lighting; few escape routes; poor fire safety; and lanes that are only wide.


Madron Aqueduct

The Madron Aqueduct () is one of several aqueducts on the Canal du Midi. It carries the canal over a small unknown stream.


Roman bridge of Talamanca de Jarama

The Puente Romano de Talamanca de Jarama is a Roman bridge located in Talamanca de Jarama, in the Community of Madrid, Spain.
The bridge is Roman in origin. It was remodelled in medieval times.
It no longer crosses the river Jarama, as the river has changed course. Under the name "Puente Sobre El Arroyo del Caz",
it was declared "Bien de Interés Cultural" in 1997 (RI-51-0009585).


Biswa Bangla Sarani

Biswa Bangla Sarani is a 33 km long road in Kolkata Metropolitan Area, India. It starts from Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport and ends at Garia Kamalgazi. The road passes through Kaikhali, Haldiram (Teghoria), New Town, Salt Lake, Chingrighata, Dhapa, Science City, VIP Bazar, Ruby, Kalikapur, Mukundapur, Ajoy Nagar, Patuli, Garia Dhalai Bridge and ends in Garia Kamalgazi. This road is known by different names in different parts of its way. This road connects the Garia area of South Kolkata with Kolkata Airport easily through Salt Lake and New Town. The length of the road is approximately 33 kilometers. The road is of 6 lanes in New Town part and the bypass is of 4 lanes. Efforts are being made to upgrade the part of bypass into 8 lanes.
The main junction.
Kolkata Airport-New Town-Salt Lake Sector V-Chingrighata-Science City-Ruby-Mukundapur-Garia Dhalai Bridge-Garia Kamalgazi.


Clopton Bridge

Clopton Bridge is located in Stratford-upon-Avon, England.
It is a Grade I listed masonry arch bridge with 14 pointed arches, which spans the River Avon, crossing at the place where the river was forded in Saxon times, and which gave the town its name. The bridge carries the A3400 road over the river.
The bridge was built in 1486/7, in the reign of Henry VII, financed by Hugh Clopton of Clopton House, who later became Lord Mayor of London. It replaced a timber bridge which may have dated back to 1318. Two arches were rebuilt in 1524. The bridge was again repaired in 1588 following flooding, and in 1642 after an arch had been destroyed to block the army of Oliver Cromwell. In 1696, money was raised to heighten the parapets, which were as low as four inches in places. The bridge was widened on the north side (upstream) in 1811, and a ten-sided toll-house tower added in 1814. A cast-iron footbridge was added to the north side in 1827.
John Leland described the bridge as:
"a great and sumptuous Bridge upon Avon at the East Ende of the Towne, which hath 14 great Arches of Stone and long Causey made of Stone, low walled on each side, at the West Ende of the Bridge."
The bridge is now a Grade I listed building and a Scheduled Ancient Monument.


RAAD (anti-tank guided missile)

The Raad (, "thunder") or RAAD is an Iranian wire-guided anti-tank guided missile based on the Soviet 9M14M Malyutka (AT-3b Sagger) missile. The Raad began mass production in 1988 and was publicly unveiled in 1997. It is manufactured by Parchin Missile Industries, a subsidiary of Iran's Defense Industries Organization.
The Raad family comes in four variants: the base RAAD missile, a clone of the 9M14M Malyutka-M (AT-3b Sagger); the I-RAAD, with SACLOS guidance, the RAAD-T, with a tandem warhead, and the I-RAAD-T, with both a tandem warhead and SACLOS guidance. The I-RAAD-T version is the most modern in the family and the most widely exported.
The Raad is one of a number of anti-tank guided missiles assembled in Iran, along with the Toophan (TOW copy), the Towsan-1 (AT-5B copy), the Dehlaviyeh (AT-14 copy), and the Saegheh (M47 Dragon copy). With only 400mm RHA penetration for the I-RAAD-T variant, the RAAD is obsolete against modern or older battle tanks and is largely used by second-line units or against soft targets. The Raad has been exported to militias in Iraq, Lebanon and Syria and has been used in the 2006 Lebanon War and the Iraqi and Syrian civil wars.
Name.
RAAD means thunder in Persian. It is not an acronym and many sources do not capitalize the name. It is not to be confused with several other Iranian weapons also named Raad, such as the Raad-1, the Raad-2, Iran's Ra'ad anti ship missile or Pakistan's Ra'ad cruise missile.
History.
During the Iran-Iraq War, Iran had an acute need for anti-tank missiles, necessitating the country to buy AT-3 Sagger missiles. Indigenous manufacturing work began in the tail end of the war and mass production began in 1998, with the Raad being the first anti-tank guided weapon to be built by Iran. The weapon was unveiled on April 30, 1997. The RAAD has almost identical components with 9M14 Malyutka, from the battery to the guidance unit. The Raad is built under license.
According to SIPRI, 1500 RAAD/Sagger missiles were built or imported by Iran between 1996 and 2001 and 2,250 from 1996 to 2004.
Combat use.
Iran supplied Hezbollah with the Raad in the early 2000s and Hezbollah used Raad missiles in the 2006 Lebanon War.
Israel captured ten baseline RAAD missiles on the Karine A in January 2002.
The Raad has been used in the Syrian Civil War by Hezbollah and army forces. It is unclear if RAAD missiles were supplied to the army before or during the war. Some missiles have been captured by rebel forces as well.
I-RAAD-T missiles have been used in the Iraqi Civil War.
Variants.
RAAD.
The RAAD is an identical copy of the Russian 9M14M Malyutka-M (NATO AT-3b "Sagger").
RAAD-T.
The first improvement of the RAAD missile, the RAAD-T has a tandem warhead to defeat explosive Reactive Armor. However, the RAAD-T still uses the obsolete MCLOS guidance of the original RAAD. According to its export material, the RAAD-T has improved maneuverability over the base RAAD and has 400 mm RHA penetration after reactive armor.
I-RAAD.
For "Improved RAAD", the I-RAAD has a different launcher with a tripod-mounted SACLOS guidance system that makes the missile much easier to aim. The specific SACLOS method is a TV differential tracker. The guidance unit is similar to that of the Chinese HJ-73 system, and possibly the HJ-73C model in particular. First seen in 1998. In addition, up to four missiles can be linked to one I-RAAD launcher unit; it is considered a significant improvement. RAAD missiles can be used by I-RAAD launchers.
I-RAAD-T.
The I-RAAD-T system combines the tandem-warhead of the RAAD-T missile with the SACLOS guidance system of the I-RAAD launcher. RAAD and I-RAAD missiles can be retrofitted to the I-RAAD-T standard. The I-RAAD-T also includes a simulator that allows operators to be trained on the system without actually firing a missile. 400 mm RHA penetration after reactive armor.


Corvallis to the Sea Trail

Corvallis to the Sea Trail is a long hiking, bicycling, and equestrian trail in Western Oregon (United States) which links the Willamette Valley to the Pacific Ocean. It connects between Corvallis and Ona Beach. As of May 2019, the eastern half (about 30 miles) is open and crosses a patchwork of public and private land. The remainder of the trail traverses Siuslaw National Forest with requiring trail to be built. The trail was set to open on June 6, 2020, but is delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic.
The project to establish the trail had more than 40,000 volunteer hours and $20,000 in donations.
The effort began in 1974 but failed due to private property permission difficulties. In 2004, the C2C partnership was created and it proved able to work successfully with Siuslaw National Forest officials.


Keady Viaduct

The Keady Viaduct is a railway viaduct near Keady, County Armagh, Northern Ireland.
History.
The viaduct was completed in 1910, and crosses the Glen Road. It was originally part of the Castleblayney, Keady and Armagh Railway, though services to Castleblayney were ended in 1924. Ultimately the Keady Viaduct carried trains for a mere 14 years. The line had been taken over by the Great Northern Railway (Ireland) shortly after opening.
In August 1993, Keady Viaduct became a Grade B listed building.
Design.
The viaduct is roughly 84 metres long. It consists of 6 arches, the four northernmost being the same length and the two southernmost being half the length as the rest. It is built out of concrete with brick arches.


Golestan Metro Station (Isfahan)

Golestan Metro Station is a station on Isfahan Metro Line 1. The station opened on 02 November 2016. It is located at Baharestan Boulevard in northern Isfahan. The next station on the west side is Baharestan Station having a similar status as yet unopened. and on the east side Shahid Mofateh Station.


Maastricht Noord railway station

Maastricht Noord () is a railway station in the north of Maastricht, the Netherlands. Construction of the station started in March 2011 and after a few delays it opened on 17 November 2013 on the , which is part of the Heuvellandlijn. The station features 360 car parking spaces and park and ride facilities with connections to the centre of Maastricht.
Train services.
Maastricht Noord station is served by Arriva with the following train services:


Jalan Jengka 20

Jalan Jengka 20, Federal Route 1550, is a main federal road in Bandar Pusat Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia.
At most sections, the Federal Route 1550 was built under the JKR R5 road standard, allowing maximum speed limit of up to 90 km/h.


Subaugusta (Rome Metro)

Subaugusta is an underground station on Line A of the Rome Metro. This station in located in Piazza di Cinecittà, at the intersection of Via Tuscolana with Viale Tito Labieno and Via Orazio Pulvillo.


M3 Bradley

The M3 Bradley Cavalry Fighting Vehicle (CFV) is an American tracked armored reconnaissance vehicle manufactured by BAE Systems Land and Armaments (formerly United Defense). A member of the Bradley Fighting Vehicle family, the M3 CFV is used by heavy armored cavalry units in the United States Army.
History.
The M3 Bradley CFV is very similar to the M2 Bradley IFV (Infantry Fighting Vehicle) and is fielded with the same two-man 25mm Bushmaster Cannon turret with a coaxial M240C 7.62mm machine gun. It only varies from the M2 in a few subtle ways and by role. The M3 is classified as an armored reconnaissance and scout vehicle and does away with the firing ports found in the M2 series. The M3 also carries more TOW missiles as well as more ammunition for its 25mm and 7.62mm guns.
The Bradley family as a whole was originally intended to support the M113 Armored Personnel Carrier (APC), but ended up replacing it in U.S. Army service altogether. Today, the Bradley is fielded in conjunction with the M1 Abrams series of main battle tanks and often accompanies infantry squads into combat. In the 1991 Persian Gulf War, Bradleys destroyed more enemy tanks than the M1 Abrams. Only three Bradleys were lost to enemy fire, however, at least 17 were lost to friendly fire. Improvements to the Bradley family have included enhanced identification features, as well as anti-tank missile countermeasures (for first generation wire-guided missiles only) and improved armor protection in the form of ERA.
Replacement.
The United States and United Kingdom worked jointly on the Future Scout Cavalry System in the 1990s. The U.S. Army's intended replacement for the M3 Bradley and up-armored Humvee reached the engineering and manufacturing development phase. It reached the engineering and manufacturing development phase before both partners terminated involvement in October 2001 to pursue other more urgent programs: the U.S. Interim Armored Vehicle and UK Future Rapid Effect System.
From 2003 Future Combat Systems (FCS) planned a successor to the M3 Bradley in the XM1201 Reconnaissance and Surveillance Vehicle. That too was canceled when FCS was terminated in 2009.
The U.S. Army intended the Ground Combat Vehicle replace the M2 Bradley and M113 by 2018, while the M3 Bradley could later be replaced by future variants of the GCV. The GCV project was cancelled in 2014.
Design.
Concealment.
All versions are equipped with two four-barreled M257 grenade launchers on the front of the turret for creating defensive smoke screens, chaff, and flares. It is also fitted with an engine smoke-generating system.
Armor.
Armor for the hull and turret for all variants is steel, 5083 aluminum, and unique to the turret is 7039 aluminum.
NBC.
The M3A1 variant introduced a gas particulate filter system.
Damage control.
The M3A1 variant introduced a fire suppression system.
Mobility.
The Bradley is highly capable in cross-country open terrain, in accordance with one of the main design objectives of keeping pace with the M1 Abrams. Whereas the M113 would float without much preparation, the Bradley was initially designed to float by deploying a flotation curtain around the vehicle. This caused some drownings due to failures during its first trials. Armor upgrades have negated this capability. The M3 Bradley was originally developed to accommodate a scout motorcycle. The idea was abandoned when it became apparent that the cycle's unprotected fuel tank could be hazardous to crew members.
Variants.
M3(A0).
This model is essentially a re-stowed M2 Bradley. The passenger compartment was occupied by two troopers and more ammunition and missiles. Because it did not carry a squad, the firing ports were covered. The M3 retained the three periscopes between the cargo hatch and entry ramp and the periscopes along the left side of the vehicle, while those on the right side were covered over as they would have been inaccessible due to the TOW missile stowage rack.
M3A1.
The M3A1 variant introduced a gas particulate filter system for NBC threats. Unlike the M2A1 Bradley, the NBC masks connected to the central filter for all five crewmen, instead of just the driver, gunner, and vehicle commander. This variant also introduced a fire suppression system. The three periscopes on the rear deck were omitted on the M3A1, and replaced by four periscopes in the cargo hatch itself.
M3A2.
The M3A2 incorporated enhanced armor upgrades, such as the ability to mount explosive reactive armor, from the M2A2 Bradley. After live fire testing, seating and ammunition stowage arrangements were also changed, with the observers moved to a bench on the left side of the vehicle and the missile stowage rearranged to enhance safety. After the Gulf War, other improvements including an eye-safe carbon dioxide laser rangefinder, global positioning system and compass, missile countermeasure device, combat identification system, and thermal viewer for the driver were incorporated into the M3A2-ODS.
M3A3.
The M3A3 model of the Bradley uses enhanced information and communication equipment, a central processing unit, and information displays for the vehicle commander and squad leader. The M3A3 is compatible with the inter-vehicular communication system of the M1A2 Abrams tank and AH-64D Apache Longbow helicopter. The commander has an independent thermal viewer and a new integrated sight unit called the Improved Bradley Acquisition System (IBAS), which allows automatic gun adjustments, automatic boresighting, and tracking of dual targets. The roof is reinforced with titanium armor. Many M3A3s were converted from M3A2s.


Ywathagyi railway station

Ywathagyi railway station is a railway station on the Yangon Circular Railway in Yangon, Burma.


Hutan Kampung Highway

Hutan Kampung Highway, Federal Route 175, is a major highway in Alor Star, Kedah, Malaysia.


Gandhipuram Flyover

Gandhipuram flyover also known as Gandhipuram Tier 1,2 flyover is a two-tier flyover in Gandhipuram.
Planning.
Tier-1 flyover.
The tier-1 flyover begins near the Park Gate roundana near the Coimbatore Central Jail and ends near the Coimbatore Omni Bus Terminus at Sathy Road. The flyover is 2.5 km long and has four lanes.
Tier-2 flyover.
The tier-2 flyover begins near the Karpagam Cinemas in the 100 feet Road and ends near the Avarampalayam signal. The flyover is 2 km long and has two lanes.
Future.
The Coimbatore Municipal Corporation have proposed to construct ramps towards Bharathiyar road and 100 feet road from the Tier-1 flyover.


Dielsdorf railway station

Dielsdorf railway station is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Zurich and municipality of Dielsdorf. The station is located on the Wehntal railway line, and is served by Zurich S-Bahn line S15.
The station was opened in 1865, and was initially the terminus of a branch of the Bülach-Regensberg Railway from Oberglatt. The line was extended by the Swiss Northeastern Railway as part of their Wehntal line to Niederweningen in 1891, and Dielsdorf became a through station.
Services.
The following services stop at Dielsdorf:


Kifisia metro station

The Kifissia station ( - "Stathmos Kifisias") is an Athens Metro station in Kifisia, Athens, Greece. It is the northern terminus of the line 1. The station is situated at 25.655 km from the starting point in Piraeus. The station was opened on 10 August 1957 and was renovated in 2004. On the site of the current Athens Metro station, there was a station of the former Lavriou Square-Strofyli railway line at 15.500 km from Lavriou Square. It opened on February 4, 1885 and shut down on 8 August 1938.
Histroy.
The station was opened on 10 August 1957 and was renovated in 2004. On the site of the current Athens Metro station, there was a station of the former Lavriou Square-Strofyli railway line at 15.500 km from Lavriou Square. It opened on 4 February 1885 and shut down on 8 August 1938.
Accidents and incidents.
2009 Incident.
On 3 March 2009, masked vandals destroyed a train waiting on one of station's platforms with Molotov cocktails, causing the service to be cut back to .
2020 accident.
On 7 July 2020, an Kifisias-bound terminating train hit the buffers as it failed to slow while entering the station, with reports of no deaths and a total of 8 and 10 lightly injured in the incident.


Pallai railway station

Pallai railway station ( "Paḷai toṭaruntu nilaiyam") is a railway station in the town of Pallai in northern Sri Lanka. Owned by Sri Lanka Railways, the state-owned railway operator, the station is part of the Northern Line which links the north with the capital Colombo. The popular Yarl Devi service calls at the station. The station was not functioning between 1990 and 2014 due to the civil war. The Northern Line between Kilinochchi and Pallai was re-opened on 4 March 2014.


Joensuu railway station

Joensuu railway station (in Finnish: Joensuun rautatieasema) is located in Joensuu, North Karelia, Finland. The station was opened in 1894.
The station is served by passenger trains to Helsinki (via Lappeenranta, Kouvola and Lahti), Nurmes and Pieksämäki. The line to Helsinki via Lappeenranta is electrified, all other routes are operated by diesel hauled trains. The passenger train service to Nurmes was originally to close in 2016, but as of 2019 is still in service.
Passenger trains to Helsinki are mainly operated by InterCity or double-deck InterCity 2 carriages hauled by VR Class Sr1 locomotives or by Pendolino units.


Llanthony Road Bridge

Llanthony Road Bridge is a bridge over the Gloucester and Sharpness Canal in the Gloucester Docks and High Orchard area. It is the third bridge on the site.


SP-79

The SP-79 is a highway in the southeastern part of the state of São Paulo in Brazil.


Nostreseigne Aqueduct

The Nostreseigne Aqueduct () is one of several aqueducts on the Canal du Midi.


San Patricio Bridge

San Patricio bridge (usually referred to as the Tempul aqueduct bridge or the La Barca aqueduct) is a bridge which supports the Tempul aqueduct as it passes over the River Guadalete, near the town of La Barca de la Florida, in the municipality of Jerez de la Frontera in Spain. Designed in 1925 by the engineer Eduardo Torroja and built under the direction of the engineer Francisco Ruiz Martínez, is considered one of the first exponents of the use of prestressed concrete in Spain. At the time of its construction it became the cable-stayed bridge with the largest span in the world, with 57 metres.
History.
For the passage, a structure of 14 piles is designed,4 with biapoyada lights of 30 meters. Two of these piers were set in the riverbed, so it was doubtful whether the structure could withstand the river's embankments in the event of flooding. This is why Eduardo Torroja, the person in charge of designing the work, decided to replace the two pillars with a central span with two 20-metre brackets and a central 17-metre section. To support the corbels, 63-mm diameter steel braces are extended, which rest on the pilasters. To tension the cable, the upper section of the pilaster was raised with jacks, causing the vertical reaction necessary to put the braces in tension and leave the bridge in a loaded condition. Torroja himself says that shortly after the structure was concreted, water began to rise in the riverbed, threatening the integrity of the structure. When it was considered that the concrete had reached sufficient resistance, the jacks were activated, raising the structure about 25 cm and raising the span by 5 cm. The formwork would eventually be washed away by the water, but the bridge could be completed in time. The bridge was completed in January 1927.