Albert Richter (forester)

Albert Richter (6 May 1909 - 2 August 2007) was a German academic and expert in silviculture or forest management. He is notable for founding the Choriner Musiksommer music festival, developing a new planning-process for forest management for the German Democratic Republic in the 1950s, and writing several works on the history of forest management, including a biography of Heinrich Cotta. He also served as a professor and director of the Forestry College in Eberswalde.
Richter was born in Lossnitz in Freiberg, Saxony in 1909 and died, aged 98, at Eberswalde in Brandenburg in 2007.
External links.
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Forest cover by province or territory in Canada


Delaware chicken

The Delaware is a breed of chicken originating in the U.S. state of Delaware. It was once of relative importance to the U.S. chicken industry, but today is critically endangered. It is primarily suited to meat production but also lays reasonably well. It has plumage of a unique pattern, and is accepted into poultry standards for showing.
Characteristics.
With males weighing 8.5 pounds (3.9 kilos) and hens 6.5 pounds (3 kilos), the Delaware is a medium-sized breed. They have rather large, bright red colored single combs and wattles. Delawares appear in a single color type: a white body and breast, with light black barring on the ends of the hackle, wings and tails. It is similar to the Columbian color seen in some breeds, but has barring in the dark portions, rather than uniform black. Also of note is that all feathers have a white quill and shaft, which, combined with yellow skin, makes for a cleaner appearing carcass. Like most standard breeds of chicken, the Delaware has a miniaturized bantam version; however, these are rarely seen.
Delawares are hardy birds that mature quickly. Hens are good layers of large to jumbo brown eggs and will go broody. Unlike the most common commercial meat birds in use today, the Delaware does well in free range operations. In temperament, it is a calm, but not a typically friendly bird although in some cases can be.
History.
In the early 20th century, crosses of Barred Plymouth Rock roosters on New Hampshire hens was a common choice for producing broilers. Occasionally, this mating produces sports with light coloration. By breeding these white (genetically silver) sports intentionally, George Ellis of Delaware created the breed in 1940. He first chose to call them "Indian Rivers", but later the name was switched to match its state of origin. At the time, the Delmarva Peninsula, where the breed was created, supplied chicken to the entirety of the East Coast of the United States through companies such as Perdue Farms. The Delaware rapidly became the premiere broiler fowl in use in the region, thus affecting the industry at large. In 1952, it was recognized for exhibition by acceptance into the American Poultry Association's Standard of Perfection.
Beginning in the mid-1950s, commercial farms began to use the White Cornish-Rock cross that would come to dominate the chicken industry into the next century. The speedy adoption of the Cornish-Rock saw the decline of the Delaware, though it persisted in some areas into the 1960s. In the 21st century, the Delaware is considered a critically endangered breed by organizations such as the American Livestock Breeds Conservancy. It is also included in Slow Food USA's Ark of Taste, a list of heritage foods.


Lindley Hall Farm

Lindley Hall Farm is a farm located near the villages of Fenny Drayton and Higham on the Hill in Leicestershire, England. The farm is a fourth generation mixed family farm owned by the Farmer and Fisher families.
In 2002, the Ordnance Survey defined Lindley Hall Farm as the geographical centre of England. A plaque denoting this point, and disputing England's "traditional" centre as being Meriden in the West Midlands, was erected by Ordnance Survey on 14 June 2013.
The farm is part of the former RAF Lindley airfield, named after the farm which itself was named after the former Lindley Hall that once graced the Leicestershire countryside near Higham on the Hill.


Lystrup, Faxe Municipality

Lystrup is a manor house and estate located two kilometres west of Faxe, in Faxe Municipality, Denmark. The Dutch Renaissance style main building was built in 1579 for Chancellor of the Realm Eiler Grubbe (1532–1585). In the late 1600s, the main building was rebuilt and a new south wing was erected.
History.
Godov family.
Lystrup was created when the farms in a village by the same name was merged into a single manor. It is first mentioned in 1403 when it belonged to Olsen Godo. After Oluf Pedersen Godov's death, it was passed on to his daughter Regitse Olufdatter Godov. She was married to Palle Andersen Ulfeldt.
Grubbe family.
Their daughter, Mette Ulfeldt, married Sivert Grubbe. He was one of the signatories of the act that instituted Protestantism in Denmark in 1536, Grubbe had many children. One of his sons, Jørgen Grubbe fell into captivity in Turkey and later settled in East Prussia. Another son disappeared abroad. When Grubbe died in 1559, Lystrup was therefore passed on to his youngest son, Eiler Grubbe (1532–1585), who had served as a secretary at Crown Prince Frederick's court in Malmöhus. He married Else Laxmand in 1559. He was appointed to treasurer ("rentemester") in 1560 and Chancellor of the Realm in 1570.
After Eiler Grubbe's death in 1585, Lystrup was passed to his son Christian Grubbe. He led a quiet life on his estate without offices at the court and did not marry until the age of 37. His son, Peder Grubbe, who served in the Torstenson War (1643-1645), inherited Lystrup after his father. He had to sell some of his estates but kept Lystrup. After his death, it was passed to his son Tønne Grubbe (1651-1721). He was rather unstable and for a while imprisoned at Kastelle in Copenhagen. He married Wilhelmine Hedevig von Winsheim (1659-1710) but the couple had no children. He died in 1721 at the age of 70 as the last member of the Grubbe family in Denmark.
Changing owners.
A few years prior to his death, Tønne Grubbe had endowed Lystrup to Claus Bendix Beenfeldt who was married to Christine Cathrine Statlander, a niece of Grubbe's late wife. He was an army officer but was dismissed after the end of the Great Northern War in 1720. The family then settled on the Lystrup estate. In 1740, he also acquired neighbouring estate at Jomfruens Egede north-west of Faxe.
Claus Bendix Beenfeldt had two daughters, Anna Vilhelmine Beenfeldt (1720-1775) and Christine Ulrikke Beenfeldt (1723-1781). Anne Vilhelmine Beenfeldt married Christian Holmsted (1715-1754) while her sister married his twin brother Thomas Holmsted (1715-1773). In 1750, Claus Bendix Beenfeldt ceded Lystrup to Christian Holmsted and Jomfruens Egede to Thomas Holmsted. After Christian Holmsted's early death in 1754, Anna Vilhelmine Beenfeldt married Niels Rosenkrantz von Holstein-Rathlou. When Anna Vilhelmine Beenfeldt died in 1775, he then married her sister, Christine Ulrikke Beenfeldt, who had become a widow a couple of years earlier. After Niels Rosenkrantz von Holstein-Rathlou's death in 1786, Lystrup was passed to Christian Frederik von Holstein-Rathlou (1758-1828), his son by Anna Vilhelmine Beenfeldt.
Mylius family.
Christian Frederik von Holstein-Rathlou's son-in-law, Johan Caspar Mylius (1776-1852) purchased the estate in 1831. He was already the owner of a number of other estates. After his death in 1852, it was endowed to his eldest son, Johan Jacob Mylius (1816-1857). After his death in 1857, Lystrup was passed on to his brother, Frederik Vilhelm de Mylius, who sold it.
Moltke family.
The new owner was Carl Henrik Moltke (1833–1918). He renovated the main building and lived there until his death. Lystrup was after his death in 1918 passed on to his son Aage Molkte (1866-1943). The estate is still owned by members of his family.
Today.
Lystrup Manor covers 340 hectares of land. Lystrup and Jomfruens Egede have a total area of 1304 hectares (1998) of which 849.7 is farmland, 34.3 hectares is pastures and 487 hectares is woodland.


Joseph Fontaine

Joseph Louis-Rosario Fontaine (26 August 1900 – 16 October 1986) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born at Saint-Damase, Quebec. He was a master butcher, meat cutter, farmer and merchant by career.
Fontaine was mayor of Notre-Dame-de-Saint-Hyacinthe parish between 1938 and 1952. He was first elected to Parliament at the St. Hyacinthe—Bagot riding in the 1945 general election. With a minor spelling change to the riding in 1947, he was re-elected at Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot in 1949 and 1953. He was defeated by Théogène Ricard of the Progressive Conservative party in the 1957 election.


Juellinge

Juellinge, prior to 1672 known as Valbygaard, is a manor house located on the Stevns Peninsula, Stevns Municipality, some 50 kilometres south of Copenhagen, Denmark. The Baroque-style main building and two buildings from the beginning of the 19th century have been listed on the Danish registry of protected buildings and places by the Danish Heritage Agency.
History.
Valbygård.
In the Middle Ages, Juellinge was called Valbygaard. The name indicates that it was then located in a village named Valby. It was a fairly insignificant manor that frequently changed hands and was rarely used as a residence by its owners. It is first mentioned in 1387 as part of the estate after Jakob Olufsen Lunge. He had been one of the most trusted advisors of Margrethe I. Jacobsen Lunge had no sons and Valbygaard was therefore passed on to his daughters Sophie and Regitze Lunge and later to their husbands Jens Andersen and Anders Nielsen Panter.
The next owner may have been Jep Knudsen, although his ownership is not confirmed until 1419. He was a member of the noble family Lille which resided on the neighbouring estate Anøje (Enøje). His son, Knud Jepsen, sold Valbygaard to Johan Bjørnsen Bjørn. Valbygaard was then passed on to his son-in-law, Christoffer Lindenov. After his death, Valbygaard was sold to Elsebe Svave. In 1606, he gave it to his daughter Ellen Juel. She brought it into possession of her later husband, Jens Bille. Admiral Herluf Daa acquired the estate sometime before 1723. He died in 1630 and his widow Karen Grubbe then married Jens Bille's son Vincens Bille om 1631. He sold Valbygaard to Gunde Rosenkrantz in 1653. Rosenkrantz lived at Valbygaard with his family until 1657 but finally had to sell it due to economic problems. He fell out of favour at the court and fled to Sweden in 1664.
The Juel family.
The next owner was Ida Lunge. Her daughter Vibeke Lunge inherited Valbygaard in 1671 and married Jens Juel the following year. He was one of the most influential advisors of Christian V. He changed its name into Juellinge and turned it into a barony in 1782. This meant that it could no longer be sold or divided between heirs. He also embarked on a major renovation of the buildings which culminated with the construction of a new main building in 1675.
Juel had no sons to succeed him as Baron of Juellinge and the estate was therefore passed on to his son-in-law Frederik Vind in 1700 but he died just two years later. His son, Jens Juel-Vind, was awarded the title of "friherre" (baron) under the name Juel-Vind in 1708.
Later history.
In 1719, Juel-Vind ceded Juellinge to Frederick IV in exchange for Halsted Priory on Lolland. Holsted Priory was renamed Juellinge when the title Baron of Juellinge was restored for Juel-Vind in 1721.
The old Juellinge estate on Stevns was initially included in the new Rryggevælde Cacalry Fistrict. In 1735, Frederick IV ceded Juellinge to Frederik Danneskiold-Samsøe in exchange for another estate. In 1750, he sold it to Adam Gottlob Moltke who merged it into the countship of Bregentved. Juellinge was part of Bregentved until 1922 when the countship was dissolved as a result of "lensafløsningsloven". The next owner was Christian Moltke. Later owners include A/S Premier Is, an ice cream manufacturer. The company acquired the estate in 1848.
Architecture.
The Baroque-style main building stands in two-stories towards the courtyard and three stories towards the garden and was originally surrounded by moats. It is built in granite ashlars with a few chalk ashlars. The side that faces the courtyard building stands in a blank wall with smooth finishing of the ashlars and has a strongly projecting median risalit with a portal flanked by pilasters. The three other sides of the building have a more rough finishing of the ashlars and are white-washed. The well-preserved red Mansard roof is topped by three chimneys. The symmetrical floor plan is centered on a large vestibule on the ground floor. The main entrance was adapted in 1901 and the building was refurbished in 1940.
To the north of the main building is a complex of farm buildings ("ladegården") which was originally centered on a rectangular courtyard but has seen many alterations over the years. The site also comprises two buildings from the beginning of the 19th century, one of them with exposed timber framing and two gateways, the other a brick building, and both with half-hipped red, tile roofs.
The main building and the two buildings from the beginning of the 19th century have been listed on the Danish registry of protected buildings and places by the Danish Heritage Agency.


Indigenous cattle breeds of India

Of the more than 800 cattle breeds recognized worldwide, India had 27 acknowledged indigenous breeds of cattle and 7 breeds of buffaloes. the ICAR recognized 43 breeds that are indigenous in India, of which two cattle breeds and three buffalo breeds were added in 2018. Local conservation programs are endeavouring to maintain the purity of breeds such as Tharparkar, dwarf cattle such as Kasaragod, and Kankrej, Amrit Mahal and Kangayam. Cattle breeds are classified in to milch (cow and buffalloes for milk), draft (load carrying such as ox), and dwarf (such as Kasaragod, Punganur, and India's smallest cow breed Vechur) categories.
Indigenous cattle breeds of India.
Total population and breeds of indigenous cattle of India are as follows:
Indigenous buffalo breeds of India.
Total population and breeds of indigenous buffalo of India are as follows:


Arthur Walter (politician)

Arthur Lewis Nathan Walter (27 September 1873 – 22 April 1951) was an Australian politician.
Born at Coghill's Creek in Victoria to farmer Nathan Walter and Elizabeth Ann Stubbs, Walter attended state schools and then the Ballarat School of Mines, spending two years mining in Tasmania and Western Australia. He then became a farmer, owning land at Werribee, Little River and Benalla. On 27 April 1904, he married Jane Caldow, with whom he had four daughters. In 1924 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the Country Party member for Gippsland West, becoming the party's deputy leader. At the time he was also the party's vice-president, having served as a central councillor (1916–29), treasurer (1917–20) and chief president (1920–22). In 1929 he resigned from parliament to contest the federal seat of Indi, without success. He later became a grazier at Melton and chair of Victorian Newspapers Ltd. Walter died in 1951 at Bacchus Marsh and was cremated. His ashes are at Fawkner Cemetery, VIC.


List of sugar manufacturers in Tanzania

This is a list of sugar manufacturers in Tanzania
Output and market share.
, the output and market share of each manufacturer is summarized in the table below:
In May 2017, The East African reported that annual production was at about 320,000 metric tonnes against domestic consumption of about 420,000 metric tonnes. By February 2019, national production was estimated at about 300,000 metric tonnes annually, with national annual consumption of about 670,000 metric tonnes, of which 515,000 metric tonnes were for domestic consumption and the other 155,000 metric tonnes were for industrial use.
As of June 2020, national annual sugar consumption was estimated at 470,000 tonnes, while national sugar production was 378,000 tonnes in 2019. This creates a national sugar deficit of 92,000 tonnes annually.


Gotjawal Forest

Gotjawal Forest is a naturally formed forest located on the middle slopes of Halla Mountain, Jeju Island in South Korea. It covers the rocky area of ʻaʻā on Jeju Island off the southwestern coast of South Korea. Due to the geographical feature, the region remains largely undisturbed by people. The "Gotjawal Forest" is an enclave of the Southern Korea evergreen forests ecoregion, and is a favorite place of the Jeju locals.
Etymology.
Traditionally, Jeju locals call any forest on rocky ground "Gotjawal" (곶자왈). According to the "Jeju Dialect Dictionary", "Gotjawal" refers to an unmanned and unapproachable forest mixed with trees and bushes. However, Song Shi-tae suggested, in his Ph.D. dissertation, a new meaning for the term "Gotjawal" because of its direct association with "ʻAʻā. Therefore, using the term "Gotjawal Lava" instead of "ʻAʻā" can be useful in land and groundwater management. Some people insist that the meaning of Gotjawal should not be restricted to geological features according to Jeong Gwang-jung's 2004 study. They say the ecological, historical, and cultural context should also be considered. However, it is still not clear how they define the meaning of Gotjawal.
In his 2003 study, Song asserted that protecting the Gotjawal area on Jeju is essential to protecting the island's groundwater, because rain water penetrates directly into the groundwater aquifer through cracks in the region's rocky earth.
Features.
The Gotjawal forest is considered to have three important features such as "its formation in rocky areas", "plants specific to this ecosystem", and "rain water penetrating to the groundwater aquifer".
Rocky areas.
The Gotjawal forest is formed on rocky areas. As it was difficult to develop these areas for agriculture, the forest remained untouched even in the twentieth century. In his 2000 study, Song Shi-tae insisted that Gotjawal's terrain is mainly on ʻaʻā lava. Based on his field research, the Distribution Map of Gotjawal Terrain on Jeju-do was drawn. However, further research revealed that the terrain is not pure ʻaʻā lava but rather a mixture of ʻaʻā lava, and Pahoehoe lava, which Dr. Song also suggested naming "Bille" lava, following the dialect term of local people.
While Gotjawal forest includes pahoehoe lava, in some areas, it is true that Gotjawal Forest is overwhelmingly a rocky area which is difficult to cultivate. Therefore, the most practical definition of the Gotjawal Forest is: "a forest on Jeju Island, on land difficult to cultivate because it is a rocky area."
Endangered plant and animal species habitat.
The Gotjawal forest is a sub-region of the Southern Korea evergreen forests ecoregion, and they are within the temperate broadleaf and mixed forest biome. The Korean Ministry of Environment has found a variety of endemic plant and animal species in its habitats, with some being threatened and endangered species. Five unrecorded species of plankton were found during their investigation in 2005 in the Dong Baek Dong San area of Gotjawal forest.
An area called Dong Baek Dong San (meaning 'Camelia Forest', 590,083 sq. meters) in Gotjawal forest, located at San 12, Seonheul-ri, Jocheon-eup, Jeju City, Jeju Province, is the only known natural habitat of Mankyua chejuense, a recently discovered genus. This is according to Ms. Yim Eun Young's thesis. She also found many other species of bryophyte during her investigation. She concluded that the Dong Baek Dong San region in Gotjawal forest is an important area for bryophyte research.
The other parts of Jeju's Gotjawal forest have not yet been thoroughly investigated yet.
Rain water penetrating to the groundwater aquifer.
46% of all rainwater falling on Jeju Island in the Gotjawal forest's areas permeates through the lava and soil into the groundwater's aquifers, via lava structures such as lava tubes, skylights, clinkers, and cracks; structures typically found in ʻAʻā lava. This is the highest rainwater percolation and groundwater recharge rate in South Korea.
The Gotjawal forest's canopies diffusing raindrops and surface plant litter reducing runoff and increasing initial absorption contribute to the high groundwater absorption rate of rainwater. There are few rivers on the forested west or east of the island because almost all the rainwater is drawn directly into the groundwater. By comparison the north and south of Jeju Island has many small rivers.
Distribution of Gotjawal Forest.
According to Song, there are four main Gotjawal terrains covering , about 12%, of Jeju-do island's (). The Gotjawal terrain is located on the west and east of the island, where the lava flowed more slowly than the steeper north and south sides. A map showing the distribution of Gotjawal Forest on Jeju-do Island, is included in Song's paper.
Protection and development.
As is seen from the three features of Gotjawal forest, it was difficult to develop this forest before modern era, as it is formed on quite rocky areas. That's why Gotjawal forest could maintain its original ecosystem generally unaffected by human activity.
New developments.
However beginning in the 1980s, interest grew to develop within the forest to build golf courses, resorts, and other tourist facilities. The use contemporary construction technology allows unprecedented changes to the native habitat landscapes and hydrology. Meanwhile, developing new tourist attractions is important for the island's economy, which depends on the tourist industry.
However, some parts of Gotjawal forest have already been developed. Some parts of the forest are now golf courses. By the end of 2005, there were already more than 16 golf courses on Jeju, and many golf courses are either under construction or in the planning stages. In addition, a location set for a famous TV drama, The Legend, was established on a part of the forest. Other tourist sites are also being planned in or near Gotjawal forest.
How much groundwater is used by golf courses and whether the present use of groundwater is sustainable is the subject of many hot debates. In data from 2002, we find documentation that water used for domestic purposes per day in Jeju is 634,864㎥/day, (43%), while water used for agricultural purposes per day is 800,565㎥/day (54%). These researchers referred to the report issued by KOWACO. Water used by 16 golf courses during 2004 was 39,303 ton per day. Environmental organizations say that golf courses are the main cause of groundwater exhaustion and pollution, but we do not yet know whether this is true or not.
New protections.
With such threats to the ecology, a citizens’ movement to protect Gotjawal forest arose on Jeju-do. "Gotjawal People " is solely dedicated to the protection of Gotjawal forest. Half-million citizens of Jeju-do not only focus on the forest plants, but also on its critically important function of recharging and cleaning groundwater supply. People are aware that protecting Gotjawal forest is essential to the protection of groundwater, which is under threat from overuse for the agriculture and golf industries.
Protecting Gotjawal forest contributes to protecting groundwater in two ways: (1) Gotjawal forest is an important groundwater recharging area. So, by protecting the forest, the groundwater can be recharged. (2) Golf courses use huge amounts of groundwater.
The Jeju’s Provincial Government designated a part of Gotjawal (Dong Baek Dong San, Camellia Forest) as a Local Natural Monument in 1981. But the government has not paid much attention or budgeted necessary funds for research and education projects for Dong Baek Dong San forest.
The Jeju’s Provincial Government, in addition, established the "Gotjawal Trust " in 2007, stated as dedicated to the preservation and protection of the Gotjawal forest. Nonetheless the government has been criticized for allowing the construction of golf courses and other tourist facilities within the forest habitats that are rapidly destroying portions of the Gotjawal forest and reducing aquifer recharging.
Ramsar Convention Wetlands.
Gotjawal Forest qualifies as Internationally Important Wetlands as designated by the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. Gotjawal forest falls into the Ramsar wetland type of Zk(b) karst and other subterranean hydrological systems. However to date, Gotjawal Forest has not been declared a Ramsar site.
Ramsar Convention guidelines say that, "Regardless of genesis, these terms (karst and other subterranean hydrological systems) should be used to include all subterranean cavities and voids with water. Such sites would be eligible for inclusion in the Ramsar List whenever the site selection Criteria are fulfilled." This guideline further clarifies the definition of "Wetlands" by saying that "The Ramsar definition of wetlands (Article 1.1) should be read/understood to include surface and subterranean wetlands, although the Convention text does not explicitly refer to these systems.
When considering the essential function of Gotjawal forest in recharging and protecting groundwater – and the sole source of water for 500,000 people on Jeju – Gotjawal forest qualifies as Internationally Important Wetland according to the Ramsar Convention. In addition, Gotjawal forest qualifies as a Ramsar Site because of its unique forest ecology.
The Ramsar Convention requires that a wetland meet just ONE of the criteria suggested by the Convention in order to be considered an Internationally Important Wetland. According to the above-mentioned guidelines, Gotjawal forest qualifies on the basis of ALL of the following criteria.
Hydrological importance. As indicated by Article 2 of the Ramsar Convention, wetlands can be selected for their hydrological importance which, inter alia, may include the following attributes. They may: i) play a major role in the natural control, amelioration or prevention of flooding; ii) be important for seasonal water retention for wetlands or other areas of conservation importance downstream; iii) be important for the recharge of aquifer; iv) form part of karst or underground hydrological or spring systems that supply major surface wetlands;
Gotjawal forest in Jeju-do qualifies criterion because:


Johannes Weber

Johannes Weber (born March 23, 1902, date of death unknown) was an SS-"Sturmmann" and member of staff at Auschwitz concentration camp. He was prosecuted at the Auschwitz Trial.
Weber was born in Warblitz. He worked as a farmer and a miller. He joined the SS on July 15, 1942 and was assigned to Auschwitz. From November 1942, Weber worked as a chef in the kitchen at Birkenau, initially at the women's camp, then at the men's. On some occasions, he abused prisoners who came into the kitchen for food, particularly gypsies, whom he called "black Jews".
Weber was tried by the Supreme National Tribunal at the Auschwitz Trial in Kraków and was sentenced to 15 years in prison. Due to an amnesty, he was released in the fifties.
After this, Weber's fate is unknown.


Lee Dong-phil

Lee Dong-phil is a South Korean politician who, as of April 2014, serves as Minister of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs.


Christian Patermann

Christian Patermann (born 1942 in Gliwice, Upper Silesia) is a lawyer and is considered one of the pioneers of bioeconomics, agriculture, and foodstuffs in the European Union in Brussels.
Life and Work.
Patermann finished his schooling in Braunschweig in Germany in 1962. After studying at the universities of Freiburg in Breisgau, Lausanne, Geneva, Munich and Bonn he passed his law exams and in 1969 he obtained a doctorate at the University of Bonn with a thesis entitled "The Development of the Principle of Free Consideration of Evidence in Ordinary Civil Proceedings in the Legislative Procedure and Case Law".
After passing his State Exams he worked from 1971 to 1996 for the Federal Ministry of Science where he was engaged in the areas of space travel, ecology and global change. From 1998 to 1993 he was also press officer and leader of the managerial team of the then Federal Research Minister Heinz Riesenhuber.
From 1996 until his retirement in 2007 Patermann served in the Research Directorate of the European Union, responsible for Ecology and sustainability and as Programme Director for Biotechnology, Agriculture and Food shaped, in particular, the agricultural research framework of the EU.
Engagement & Honours (selection).
Since his retirement Patermann has been an advisor to numerous public and private enterprises and in 2009 was a founding member of the first German Bioökonomierats (Bio-economics Advisory Committee).
In 2011 he was recognised for his service to agricultural research with the award of an Honorary Doctorate in Agricultural Science by the Agricultural Faculty of Bonn University. Christian Patermann was appointed member in the Accademia dei Georgofili 2012. In 2018 he was appointed Fellow of the International Society of Horticultural Societies in Louvain, the largest international Assembly in Horticulture worldwide.


Mount Pleasant Winery

Mount Pleasant Estates is a winery in Augusta, Missouri, United States, on the north side of the Missouri River in what is called the Missouri Rhineland. It is the third-largest winery in the state.
History.
Mount Pleasant Winery was founded in 1859 by immigrant Georg Muench (1801–1879), a younger brother of Friedrich Münch. The Muench brothers chose this area because it reminded them of their former home in Nieder-Gemünden, Upper Hesse, Germany. The winery had to close in 1920 because of Prohibition.
It was reopened for production in 1966, the second winery in the state to open in the current era. It has the third-largest wine production in the state. All wines are produced and bottled at the estate. In 1980, the Augusta AVA was the first American Viticultural Area designated by the United States government. The winery is situated on a south-facing bluff overlooking the Missouri River Valley. It has of vines in cultivation, growing 16 varieties of grapes. The winery has constructed a public wine garden and terraces that use the view to good advantage.
In 1991, the owners were fined by the State of Missouri for allegedly importing an excessive amount of grape juice for inclusion in their wines. The owners appealed the fine to the court, which agreed with the owners' contention that the importations were not in violation of the law, and rescinded the fine.
The following year, the winery's owners, Lucian and Eva Dressel, were divorced, and as a result the winery was sold at auction. The winery stayed in the Dressel family, as the winning bid of $660,000 was made by Lucian Dressel's brother, Phillip, who promptly announced that Lucian would continue to manage the winery. P. Charles Dressel became the majority owner of Mount Pleasant Winery in 2004.
Today, Mount Pleasant is the oldest and the most well-established winery in Augusta. The winery grows 12 grape varieties on . Over the past two decades, Mount Pleasant has won several prestigious awards and achieved high point-ratings for its wine.
Products and awards.
The winery produces a variety of red and white table wines, with semi-dry, dry, and sweet styles. It also produces fortified wine (using the "port wine" designation) and sparkling wine. Grape varieties include Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Chambourcin, St. Vincent, Vidal Blanc, Rayon d'Or, Merlot, Vignoles, and Norton.
Mount Pleasant Estates has won numerous international awards for its wines. Its highest rating in "Wine Enthusiast" magazine was 92 points for its 1994 "Belle Yvonne Bordeaux Blend".
Mount Pleasant has also been recognized for its practice of sustainable viticulture, an integrated system of wine grape growing that is economically viable, socially supportive, and ecologically sound. Mount Pleasant Winery was named a finalist for the St. Louis Business Journal's Heroes of the Planet Awards in the October 30, 2009 issue.
Branson location.
Mount Pleasant Winery opened a second winery in the city of Branson, Missouri on April 11, 2008. Mount Pleasant Winery's location in Branson is located on on Green Mountain Drive. The ledgestone building offers patrons the chance to shop, sample Mount Pleasant's numerous award-winning wines and bottle their own wine from a specially designed 600-gallon French oak barrel. Mount Pleasant built the Branson location with a focus on sustainable practices. The building runs entirely on hydro-electric power and the structure is built partially into the ground to reduce energy consumption.


Tito Kayak

Alberto de Jesús Mercado (born 1958), better known as Tito Kayak, is an activist from Jayuya, Puerto Rico, and founder of the Puerto Rican environmental group, Amig@s Del Mar. The organization utilizes a dual approach, which they call "manatiburón (manatee/shark)", which Kayak describes as a combination of "peaceful and simple ways to fulfill our environmental ideals" (like the manatee), and the more “revolutionary approach" (like the shark), which is "only used when we are prohibited from working peacefully towards our goals of improving the environment." Kayak is best known for his activism against the damaging environmental effect of the U.S. Navy presence on Vieques.
Protest involvement.
Raising of Puerto Rican flag at Statue of Liberty.
On November 5, 2000, Tito Kayak and five other Vieques activists stepped onto the top deck of the Statue of Liberty in New York City in protest and Kayak then placed a Puerto Rican flag on the statue's crown
Carolina apartment complex protest.
On March 15, 2005, Kayak chained himself to a vehicle after entering a Marriott Hotel property on a Carolina, Puerto Rico, beach to protest against the building of an apartment complex. "Like many other Puerto Ricans, they were concerned about the Courtyard Marriott Hotel’s plan to expand in an area contiguous to the terrestrial marine zone and located on a beach area used by families and workers for recreation. If the construction were allowed to continue, it would have had a substantial negative impact on the environment and make the public beach inaccessible, to non-hotel guests."
Raising of Puerto Rican flag at the United Nations.
On June 13, 2005, Kayak was arrested inside the United Nations headquarters in New York City after he attempted to switch the United Nations flag with the Puerto Rican one, while the United Nations Special Committee on Decolonization discussed the political status of Puerto Rico. He was subsequently (October 11, 2013) found not guilty by a Manhattan Criminal Court judge of the filed State charge but was fined $500 for trespassing.
Arrest in Israel while in support of the Palestine cause.
On April 20, 2007, Kayak was arrested in Israel after he climbed a surveillance tower near Israel's West Bank separation barrier and planted a Palestinian flag in support of Palestine. Kayak spent about five hours in the tower, before climbing down. After his arrest, Kayak stated that "All I did was to express my identification with the villagers against the wall which is believed to be evil and illegal by the whole world and many leaders like Nelson Mandela, Jimmy Carter and the United Nations".
San Juan's Paseo Caribe crane case.
On November 14, 2007, Kayak climbed the construction cranes at the Paseo Caribe project in San Juan, Puerto Rico, and remained perched on the crane for one week. In a daring escape, Kayak rappelled down from the crane and unto a red kayak in the water below while police officers were kept at bay by his supporters. Tito Kayak then rowed himself under a bridge whose clearance was too low for the police powerboats and switched out of the kayak, so when the kayak was apprehended he was no longer on board. Meanwhile, he swam across to the other shore. When he was spotted by the police helicopters, supporters jumped into the water further confusing the police and facilitating Kayak's final getaway.
Commemorating David Sanes' death.
On April 14, 2009, during the anniversary celebrations of David Sanes's death, Tito Kayak arrived at the former bombing range of Vieques, a restricted area operated by the Federal Fish and Wildlife, and painted a sign saying "Bieke or Death. The Struggle Continues" ("Bieke" was a reference to Vieques) on the former navy Operation Post (OP). Sanes, a civilian Navy security guard, had died 10 years earlier victim of a U.S. Navy bomb while on duty at the Operation Post.
2010-2011 University of Puerto Rico strike activism.
On January 25, 2011, Puerto Rico Police officers arrested a number of protesters who, using Civil Disobedience, attempted to bar entry and exit from the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, during the 2010-2011 University of Puerto Rico strikes. One of the protesters, wearing a hood, was later found to be Tito Kayak.
2012 Oscar López Rivera incarceration.
On 7 June 2012, Tito Kayak started a two-leg, lone high seas voyage from Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela to San Juan, Puerto Rico, and then from San Juan, Puerto Rico to Washington, D.C., USA, to protest the U.S. incarceration of Puerto Rican political prisoner Oscar López Rivera. López Rivera is said to be "among the longest held political prisoners in the history of Puerto Rico and in the world."
Legacy.
An amendment to the Puerto Rico penal code (Article 208A) is largely attributed as a reaction to Tito Kayak’s protests against urban and commercial development and is commonly known as The Tito Kayak Law (even though there is no such declaration in the law itself). The Law attempted to criminalize activism at construction sites.
Law 149 of 2004 was amended by Law No. 158 of 2010, adding Article 208-A which made it a felony to enter, without authorization, a properly approved construction site for the purpose of temporarily or permanently obstructing work. It also penalized the occupation of the construction site's associated land or equipment. Although the legislative act makes no mention of the Tito Kayak name nor exists any such designation in the amendment proper, the legislation is commonly cited in the press as "Ley Tito Kayak" (Tito Kayak Law) and has entered the local lexicon as such.
In March 2013, Tito Kayak celebrated as the Law was declared unconstitutional by a Commonwealth of Puerto Rico judge sitting at the Ponce Superior Court.


Edith Halcombe

Edith Stanway Halcombe ( Swainson; 27 April 1844 – 14 June 1903) was a New Zealand artist, community leader and farmer. She was born on 27 April 1844, the daughter of William John Swainson and his second wife, Anne Grasby. She was taught art by her father who was a competent artist in his own right. She married Arthur Halcombe on 3 December 1863 at St James' Church, Hutt.
Her artworks are in the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Auckland Art Gallery, and Puke Ariki. They mainly were mainly landscapes in Manawatū.


Santa Fe Natural Tobacco Company

Santa Fe Natural Tobacco Company (sometimes abbreviated SFNTC) is an American tobacco manufacturing company based in Oxford, NC, best known for its production of the premier "Natural American Spirit" cigarette brand.
Founded in 1982, SFNTC became a subsidiary of R.J. Reynolds when it acquired the company in 2002. Since 2004, Santa Fe Natural is part of the Reynolds American companies holding.
History.
Santa Fe Natural Tobacco Company was founded by Bill Drake, who had published "The Cultivator's Handbook of Marijuana", Robert Marion, an acupuncture student at the Kototama Institute in Santa Fe, and Chris Webster, a Santa Fe Realtor. Drake had written his second book, "The Cultivator's Handbook of Natural Tobacco", and began cultivating a strain of "Nicotiana rustica" a friend had found on the San Juan Pueblo. The men began mixing surplus bulk leaf tobacco from North Carolina and wild-grown "rustica" in the basement of Marion’s rented house. Startup investments came from Edward Wikes, a plumbing contractor, Robert Wolf, an oil rig roughneck, and Philip Naumburg, an heir to the Elkan Naumburg fortune. Drake purchased a Thomas Nast caricature of a Native American chief smoking a volcano for $250 and began using it as the company logo.
After discovering Drake and Marion had been wasting funds on their “alternative lifestyle”, the board of directors and company investors took control of the company. Wolf became the company’s president and began marketing the product to retail outlets on Indian Reservations. The company moved into the basement of the adobe Gross Kelly warehouse building in Santa Fe’s downtown rail yard.
In 1986, the company's board of directors hired Robin Sommers, a graduate of the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania who had been a subscription data specialist for "Newsweek" and "Esquire" in Greenwich Village before briefly running the Ice Palace nightclub on Fire Island. Sommers, who had paid for one of Drake’s experimental tobacco crops in 1981, implemented a direct-to-consumer advertising strategy, beginning by targeting New Age readers with coupon advertisements in the "East West Journal", "Rolling Stone", and the "Utne Reader". Sommers commissioned a New York City graphic artist to design a new art deco logo. In 1987, the company made $88,000 in sales.
After 1994 congressional hearings, Big Tobacco publicly released a 599-item list of additives in cigarettes. Whole Foods Market and natural food stores began carrying American Spirit. Sommers, who had become Chief Executive Officer, insisted in contracts with wholesalers on premium pricing for his cigarettes, explaining “I didn’t want them going to 7-Elevens.” Sommers moved the company from the rail yard warehouse to Santa Fe’s White Swan building located on Cerrillos Road. Santa Fe Natural Tobacco Company agreed to add “Natural” to its product name after being sued by American Tobacco for trademark infringement. Natural American Spirit became popular with celebrities, with Sean Penn, Joni Mitchell, and Gwyneth Paltrow praising the cigarette in magazine interviews and Mac Miller having the company logo tattooed on his chest.
In 1998, Santa Fe Natural Tobacco Company signed the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement, where it was made to pay out less than Big Tobacco because the company was younger. In 1999, the company opened a new $4.5 million plant outside Oxford, North Carolina, using only organic certified farmers.
In 2002, R.J. Reynolds bought Santa Fe Natural Tobacco Company for $340 million. Sommers, who by then owned 42% of the company, signed a noncompete agreement and left the company. Profits rose 50% annually for the next decade. Sales of Natural American Spirit increased 86% from 2009 to 2014.
In 2015, the Food and Drug Administration sent the company a letter warning that “natural” and “additive-free” were false marketing of a “modified risk product”.
In September 2015, Japan Tobacco International paid $5 billion for the right to manufacture and sell Natural American Spirit in Asia and Europe. Japan Tobacco has so far continued to source its leaf from Santa Fe Natural’s Oxford manufacturing plant, even sending its research scientists on a North Carolina State University agricultural extension tour.
In September 2016, plaintiffs from twelve states sued Santa Fe Natural and Reynolds in the United States District Court for the District of New Mexico, seeking class action certification for consumer fraud from false labeling claims. In November 2016, a second lawsuit was filed for false advertising practices. Reynolds is represented in the litigation by Jones Day.
In September 2015, a complaint was filed against Santa Fe Natural Tobacco Co. in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida, alleging that the company's "organic and additive-free marketing claims for the Natural American Spirit brand" constituted fraud, false advertising, negligent misrepresentation, unjust enrichment, and unfair competition. Two similar complaints were filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Mexico on December 22, 2015. A third federal class-action lawsuit was filed against the company in January 2016 in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. The suits may be consolidated.


Ventimiglia Vineyard

Ventimiglia Vineyard is a winery in Wantage Township in Sussex County, New Jersey. The vineyard was first planted in 2002, and opened to the public in 2008. Ventimiglia has 5 acres of grapes under cultivation, and produces 1,000 cases of wine per year. The winery is named after the family that owns it.
Wines.
Ventimiglia Vineyard produces wine from Cabernet Franc, Carignan, Cayuga White, Chambourcin, Chardonnay, Chenin blanc, Concord, Durif (Petite Sirah), Frontenac gris, Grenache, La Crescent, Merlot, Pinot noir, Sangiovese, Seyval blanc, Sumoll, Syrah, Traminette, Vidal blanc, and Zinfandel grapes. It is the only winery in New Jersey that produces wine from Carignan, Frontenac gris, La Crescent, and Sumoll – Frontenac gris and La Crescent are white hybrid grapes developed in Minnesota, whereas the other two varietals are red "vinifera" grapes indigenous to Spain. The winery was a participant at the Judgment of Princeton, a wine tasting organized by the American Association of Wine Economists that compared New Jersey wines to premium French vintages. Ventimiglia is not located in one of New Jersey's three viticultural areas.
Advocacy, licensing, and associations.
The winery advocates artisanal winemaking techniques, and produces its wines in small batches and then ages them in oak barrels. Ventimiglia has a farm winery license from the New Jersey Division of Alcoholic Beverage Control, which allows it to produce up to 50,000 gallons of wine per year, operate up to 15 off-premises sales rooms, and ship up to 12 cases per year to consumers in-state or out-of-state. The winery is a member of the Garden State Wine Growers Association and its subsidiary, Vintage North Jersey.


Cleveland Motor Plow


CSBP

CSBP Limited is an Australian fertiliser and chemical company based in Kwinana, Western Australia. It is a subsidiary of WesCEF, which in turn is part of the industrials division of the Wesfarmers conglomerate.
Current operations.
CSBP produces a number of products for the agricultural, mining, and industrial sectors, including fertilisers, industrial chemicals, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and wood-plastic composites. It has two subsidiaries – Australian Vinyls (based in Laverton, Victoria) and ModWood Technologies (based in Campbellfield, Victoria). CSBP additionally holds joint ownership of Queensland Nitrate Project (QNP), a joint venture with Dyno Nobel.
CSBP has its head office in Kwinana. It has a soil and plant laboratory in Bibra Lake and regional fertiliser distribution centres in Albany, Bunbury, Esperance and Geraldton. There are also regional fertiliser depots in Corrigin, Dalwallinu, Goomalling, Merredin, Tambellup, and Wagin.
History.
CSBP has its origins in Cuming Smith & Co., which in 1910 began making fertilisers at Bassendean, Western Australia, under the "Florida" brand name. It was the first company in Australia to manufacture superphosphate.
CSML.
In 1927, Cuming Smith and two other firms – Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company and Westralian Farmers Superphosphates – established a new joint venture, Cuming Smith Mount Lyell Farmers Fertiliser Limited (known as CSML). Each company held a one-third share. The establishment of CSML came at a time when the agricultural sector in Western Australia was rapidly expanding. With a capacity output of 240,000 tonnes per year, the company produced almost all of the superphosphate used in WA – a total of 1,925,000 tonnes in its first 20 years of operation.
CSML commissioned new plants in Bunbury and Geraldton in 1930, in order to reduce the distribution distance for their products. A plant in Albany was commissioned in 1954, and at the same time CSML and Cresco Fertilisers (a South Australian firm) formed a new joint venture, the Albany Superphosphate Company. Albany Superphosphate operated both in Albany and in Esperance, where a plant was established in 1962.
CSBP.
In 1963, Boral purchased Mount Lyell's share in CSML. They onsold their share to BP the following year, and CSML was consequently renamed Cuming Smith British Petroleum and Farmers Limited (CSBP).
CSBP commissioned superphosphate and sulphuric acid plants in Kwinana in 1967. The Kwinana Nitrogen Company was established the following year, as a joint venture between CSBP (20 percent) and BP (80 percent). In 1970, CSBP also took over its main rival, Cresco Fertilisers. As a result of these changes, the company's plants in Bassendean and North Fremantle ceased operations in 1971. Three additional plants in Kwinana were commissioned in the 1970s.
In October 1977, Westralian Farmers (now Wesfarmers) launched a takeover bid for CSBP, valuing the company at $60 million – three times what Westralian Farmers itself was valued at. Driven by John Bennison, the deal did not go through until September 1979, after two years of protracted negotiations. At the time, it was the largest corporate takeover in Australian history.
During the 1980s, CSBP began to increase its emphasis on industrial chemicals. In 1986, Wesfarmers acquired BP's one-third shared in CSBP, becoming the sole owner. The following year, they also bought out BP's share in the Kwinana Nitrogen Company. In 1988, CSBP formed Australian Gold Reagents Limited (AGR) as a joint venture with Coogee Chemicals and the Australian Industry Development Corporation (AIDC). AIDC withdrew in 1997, leaving CSBP with a 75 percent share. CSBP began trading as Wesfarmers CSBP in 1995, but in 2003 became just CSBP Limited.


Wickham Vineyards

Wickham Vineyards are a vineyard and wine maker in England, located in Wickham, Hampshire. Established in 1984, the vineyard occupies of a estate. One of the white wines, named "Fumé", that the vineyard produces is served as the United Kingdom House of Commons house wine.
Estate.
As well as the areas set aside for vines, the estate also comprises the winery, a single building where the grapes are crushed and fermented, tasting rooms, a shop, a restaurant and a nature reserve of unimproved woodland. Visitors are able to take audio assisted guided tours, walking amongst the vines and seeing the wine making process in action. Information is also provided on the history of English winemaking, from the Roman occupation to the present day, as well as the history of Wickham Vineyard itself. The restaurant is situated to provide visitors a view of the main vineyard. The estate also provides facilities for open air performances by local acting groups during the summer months.
Wine.
The Vineyard produces red, white and sparkling wines. Originally only white wine was produced, but warmer and longer growing seasons permitted the planting of new red grape vines. The wine is produced entirely on the estate. The grapes are normally harvested in October; after harvesting, they are crushed and then fermented on site. The full process takes place in a specially converted 200-year-old barn, that has been fully upgraded to modern standards. The grape varieties are typically Germanic, due to the similar climate. Grapes produced include Dornfelder, Bacchus and Reichensteiner. A number of the wines have won awards, both nationally and internationally. One bronze award granted to the vinery in 2007 was the first for an English vineyard in many years. The vineyard also undertakes contract wine making, using the on site facilities with grapes produced by other growers. Two of the wines are matured in traditional French oak barrels, and traditional French and German wine making techniques feature strongly in most of the wines produced by the vineyard.


List of German chicken breeds

This is a list of chicken breeds usually considered to be of German origin. Some may have complex or obscure histories, so inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively from Germany.


Britta Reimers

Britta Reimers (born 27 July 1971) is a German politician. For one term from 2009 until 2014 she served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) representing Germany. She served as a member of the Free Democratic Party, part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.
During her time in Parliament she served as a Member of the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development and the Committee on Fisheries.
Reimers trained as a farmer and lives on her dairy farm in Steinburg.


Ted Mason (fell runner)

Edward Thomas "Ted" Mason (born 30 January 1979) is a Yorkshire-born farmer best known for his accomplishments as a fell runner.
He grew up in Appletreewick near Grassington. He went to Burnsall V.A. Primary School, then Upper Wharfedale School in Threshfield. Upon leaving school he pursued a career as a farmer, gaining a Higher National Diploma in agriculture from Newton Rigg College, part of Askham Bryan College.
Mason is a member of the Wharfedale Harriers, the British Open Fell Runners Association (BOFRA) and the Fell Runners Association (FRA).
His fell running career began when he was ten years old, finishing last in a local race, and his first race win was at the age of nineteen at Beamsley Beacon. Ted's first championship race win was in 1999 at the BOFRA Hawkswick Dash. Turning at the summit, he was lying in fifth, but he quickly gained places on the descent going on to win in 11 minutes 38 seconds, 31 seconds ahead of second place.
Ted is most noted for his speed in descending, being cited by Alistair Dunn (BOFRA Champion 2006–11) as "an inspiration from the start of my fell running career. I still don't know anyone who can descend faster".
Ted was crowned BOFRA Champion in 2002 and 2003, and came close to regaining the title in 2011. It was taken to the last race at Wasdale Show. Mason was leading the championship going into the race, but a result of fourth meant a finish of second overall in the series. In 2012, he was again victorious in the championship, also winning in 2014 and 2015.
In 2011, Mason achieved a number of ambitions. On 20 August he won the race most local to him, the Burnsall Classic for the first time. This fell race is one of the oldest fell races, dating beyond 1870, with the first report of it appearing in the Craven Herald in 1888. Ted took a different route down the fell, going on to win by a twelve-second margin. Ten days later he would go on to win the crag race at Kilnsey Show also for the first time. It was his fifteenth attempt.
Mason has made a couple of television appearances, appearing on the title screens for Look North News and more recently on The Dales hosted by Ade Edmondson on ITV, where Ted was documented training for the Burnsall Classic.


Meatworks and Wharf Site, St Lawrence

Meatworks and Wharf Site is a heritage-listed former abattoir and wharf at Settlement Road, St Lawrence, Isaac Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1870s to 1890s. It is also known as Broadsound Meat Company, Broadsound Packing Co Ltd, and Newport Meatworks Company. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 23 February 2001.
History.
The former meatworks and wharf site is thought to be established in the 1860s as a boiling down works. By 1893, the meatworks had been established and remained in operation until around 1911. The St Lawrence area was settled by 1860, when Macartney formed Waverley Station. Around the same time, John Mackay was travelling in the area.
The meatworks was one of the largest projects undertaken in the history of St Lawrence. It has been suggested that the meatworks owed its origin to the fact that a boiling down works had been established about four miles from the town near the wharf on Waverley Creek. The purpose of the boiling down process was to recover the fat or tallow from cattle which were usually considered below standard for putting through the butcher shop. The demand for tallow would have been much greater in that period of Australian history, for tallow was very much in demand for use in candles and for preserving harnesses.
Boiling down works have been an important industry throughout Queensland during a number of periods. The establishment of such works usually coincided with drought and low prices for wool and beef. Boiling-down factories were started in Brisbane in 1843 by John "Tinker" Campbell and in Ipswich in 1847. By 1851, two works were located in Ipswich. Other boiling down works being established on the Darling Downs during the 1860s, included Campbell's operation on Westbrook Homestead, the depression of the time being the predominant reason behind the establishment of such industries. Consequently, reasons behind the establishment of the boiling down works at St Lawrence may also have been due to the effects of the depression.
By 1865 the Queensland Government was in the process of extending the telegraph line between St Lawrence and Bowen, and to the Gulf of Carpentaria. In 1866, the Government proposed an impost on wool, tallow and hides. The Queensland Legislative Council considered the resolution to present the Governor with a Bill to be introduced to the Legislative Council to impose an export duty on one halfpenny per pound on wool, one pound per ton on tallow, three pence each on hides and one halfpenny each of sheepskins. The Council was divided and the motion was not passed.
In 1866, Septimus Nash Spong designed a wharf at St Lawrence. Spong received a Queensland Government post in 1861, as clerk of works in the Colonial Architect's Office where he replaced Joseph Sherwin. Spong later moved to Rockhampton where he practiced as an architect, building and land surveyor from 1865 until 1874. As with its Canadian namesake, which has the fastest tide in the world, the basin at St Lawrence has a rapid and deep tidal surge and so was dangerous as a port. In 1873, as a cyclone and the storage of copper ore damaged the old wharf, a new wharf was established at Waverley Creek, which had better access by land and sea. Even so, the extension of the Central Western railway line to the port in Rockhampton reduced trade via St Lawrence and St Lawrence effectively ceased to be a port after 1879.
PR Gordon, the Chief Inspector of Sheep observed in 1871, that the preservation of meat had become an established industry in the Colony. WB Tooth of Clifton reported boiling down 32000 sheep. Boiling down works were situated at Burke, Baffle Creek, Dalby, Gladstone, Mackay, Redbank, Rockhampton, Townsville, Westbrook and Yengarie. The Inspector stated that the Dalby and Westbrook Boiling Establishments reported having been obliged to discontinue operations on account of the excessive railway charges absorbing too large a share of the profits as the margin had become so small. The Inspector further reported that the during the present year, the Westbrook and Rockhampton curing establishments would be in active operation.
While there is no clear evidence as to who initially established the boiling down works by August 1893, the Chairman of the Broadsound Divisional Board, on behalf of the residents of the district wired a protest to Sir Thomas McIlwraith regarding the closing of the Customs and other government offices. The community considered that the closing of such offices would mean stagnation for the area instead of progress. It was suggested at the time that, as companies for boiling down and exporting meat and for coal mining were being initiated, the works would mean increased revenue for the district.
Two men involved with the works were TS Beatty and George Fox, who led the move to establish the factory. By September 1900, Beatty was described as one of the most enterprising men of the district, keeping the welfare of the town and district foremost in his thoughts. The meatworks was a prominent industry in the area at the time, particularly as copper mines in the area had failed, sheep were being moved west and the railway from Emerald to Clermont cut off traffic to St Lawrence. Despite difficulties such as devaluation and having little market for stock, which meant that it was almost impossible to fix a minimum price, the works were built and a price was established which had a fixed value to cattle proprietors, providing some stability in the industry. The works were described as being situated on Waverley Creek, about "three and a half miles" from St Lawrence, connected to the wharf by a tramline and with every convenience to hand for the efficient handling of stock and carcasses.
The company had a strong propriety, both in London and the Colonies. By means of their steamer "Tarshaw" the works kept in direct communication with Rockhampton and the southern Colonies. Upwards of 120 men were employed and the company had a view to further extending the works through the construction of machinery for treating offal. FHT Walton, late of PD Armour and Company of Chicago, was the General Manager in 1900.
Their principal product line of the meatworks was tinned meats and extracts, with other general by-products. Stockowners received equal to 12s. 6d (1.25) per hundred (refers to weight) for the same class of stock they had previously had to accept six and six (65c) and seven and six (75c) per hundred, and save, besides droving and loss condition, when immediate neighbourhood, who supply the residents with fruit, vegetables, maize, butter, etc. and the qualities of these products generally being exceptionally good. The meatworks also had freezing and chilling facilities on the spot, consequently, it was suggested that pig farming might be added to the product production.
American Clem Allcut had control of the works by the late 1890s. It appears that Allcut had taken over the preserving works at Broadsound after leaving the government service. James Pattison was in partners for some time with Clem Allcut, but eventually sold his share to Allcut. Allcut, however, faced financial troubles later and was forced to give up the works to his creditors. Soon after, he returned to the United States. The works certainly did not continue for any great length of time after Allcut left, and its closure is generally attributed to the shortage of cattle caused by the great drought of 1902.
The meatworks had some of the most modern equipment available at the time, for canned tongues and corned meat were loaded onto ships at the wharf and exported to southern markets. Local knowledge suggests that the water supply for the meatworks was pumped over a distance of more than two miles from a big lagoon on the lower portion of Waverley Plain. The pump was powered by a steam engine using an upright boiler known as a "Donkey boiler", which is still extant.
The lagoon was located so close to the coast that the tidal waters eventually forced a breach into the bank which separated the lagoon from the sea, and ruined the supply of fresh water. Later an artificial bank or levee was built to keep the salt water out. This activity may be reflected in the name of the creek in the area, which is Bund Creek - a bund being defined as an embankment or an embanked quay. It is thought this occurred after the meatworks closed down, as it is considered unlikely that during the operation of the works, the owners would not have taken steps to stop the sea breaking through into the lagoon, unless this was caused by an unusually high tide.
The meatworks preserved large quantities of meat by drying and salting brisket meat, packing it in wooden casks and then canning the rest of the meat. The preserved meat in casks was bought and used to a great extent by ships, many of which might be out of port for extended periods. The tallow and hides were also marketed. Clem Allcut during his term of ownership also manufactured beef extract.
When the low prices of cattle prevailed, stock could sometimes be bought for as low as per head. All the waste meat and scraps were run into a gully close by, which is thought to have filled and emptied with the rise and fall of the tide so that all this waste was carried into the nearby stream and out to sea.
By 1897-1899, the company was listed as the Broadsound Packing Co. Ltd. The Managing Director was CH Allcutt and the Secretary was WA Forth. By 1900, the company was listed as the Broadsound Meat Company with WD Preston as the Manager and WHA Britton the company accountant. In 1905, the Broadsound Meat Co had as its Manager, J Vickers, who continued in that position until 1911. From 1912, there are no further listings for the Broadsound Meat Company.
Besides drought, further competition from other meatworks such as Lakes Creek, near Rockhampton, the Rockhampton Boiling Down and Meat Works Ltd, Nerimbera, who advertised that they were prepared to treat stock on "liberal terms", added to the difficulties faces by the meatworks at St Lawrence. With the Connors Range forming a formidable barrier to drovers with mobs of cattle, and the lack of a railway, the meatworks at St Lawrence was at a serious disadvantage.
Following its closure, machinery and any other equipment was dismantled and taken away by sea, apparently being sold, possibly to owners of other meatworks requiring the equipment. Today the former meatworks site is predominantly archaeological.
Description.
The remains of the former St Lawrence Meatworks and Wharf site is located on several properties off Settlement Road, approximately eight kilometres south-east of the town of St Lawrence. Despite vegetation growth, considerable evidence for site is still visible above ground.
The main site includes three boilers, two of which are located to the west of the property and a third boiler located approximately ten metres to the east of the first two boilers. Situated around two of the boilers is brick rubble remains, providing evidence for the fireboxes which once surrounded the boilers. The third boiler, to the east, does not have any brick rubble remains surrounding it, indicating that it may have been moved from its original position.
Directly to the west of the boilers is a brick lined, sunken area with remnant concrete flooring. It is approximately nine metres square. The remains of a wall rendered brick wall are located in sections around the area and rise to a height of approximately one metre. An opening is located in the remnant wall in the north-west corner of the area. Also in this section is located a metal grill. It is not clear if this grill is associated with some sort of heating element in the meatworks production line or if its purpose was more closely related to a cattle grill, and was to keep the animals within the area.
Approximately ten metres north of the brick wall and concrete floor area is the remains of another facebrick structure. This structure has three walls extant [north, south and west] and may have had at least two rooms, as the remains of what appear to be the brick base of an internal wall and a timber framed doorway, are evident. To the north of the facebrick building is located the remains of another structure with a brick base and a concrete floor area. The site has other brick, metal and timber remains scattered throughout. It is also likely that further evidence of the meatworks exist underground.
On another area of land, to the north-east of the main site, the remains of a donkey boiler and a mine shaft are extant. During the time of the meatworks, a tram ran from the site across to the main meatworks site. While no physical evidence of the tramline remains, what is apparent is an earthed, built-up area, indicating the position of the line. This is located to the west of the shaft and boiler and curves around, running south-west, disappearing before it reaches Settlement Road.
The former wharf site, incorporating timber posts, and much of the tramway, which joins the meatworks, are situated on tidal flats, forming part of the Newport Conservation Park. Other remains include further evidence of the tram line such as timber sleeper and metal remains. Also extant in the Newport Conservation Park is evidence of timber fording of Bund Creek and remains of what appears to be a corduroy road.
Heritage listing.
The former Meatworks and Wharf Site was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 23 February 2001 having satisfied the following criteria.
The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.
The Former Meatworks & Wharf Site, St Lawrence is thought to be associated with the tallow works established in the area in the 1860s, the earliest establishment of the town of St Lawrence and later with the extension of the site to include meatworks and boiling down works, from to . The site survives as an important illustration of early industrial development of Queensland and of the settlement of the Broadsound area in particular. The former meatworks and wharf site is significant in demonstrating early methods of addressing problems caused by the remoteness of areas used for stock raising and great distances between supplier and market in Queensland. It is further significant as the site survives as a legacy to the canning industry which lingered in the St Lawrence area when freezing was the dominant form of processing.
The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage.
The surviving Donkey boiler is one of few of this type known to survive in Queensland.
The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland's history.
With further archaeological and historical research and analysis, the place has the potential to reveal important information about Queensland's history and early industrial technology.
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
The former meatworks and wharf site is significant as a well known tourist site and continues to attract public interest, with groups of visitors being shown the area by members of the local community.


Edward Wadsworth Jones

Edward Wadsworth Jones (1840–1934), known also as E. W. Jones, was an officer in the American Civil War, a miner in Idaho and Utah and an entrepreneur in Los Angeles, California. He was a member of the Los Angeles Common Council, the governing body of that city in the 19th century.
Personal.
Jones was born November 28, 1840, in New Hartford, Connecticut, and spent his youth in Tennessee, where he studied at the state university.
In 1863 he married Ellen Carter Spencer of Illinois in Washington, D.C.
In 1871 Jones settled with his family in Salt Lake City for ten years, spent a year in New York and finally moved his household to Los Angeles in August 1882.
He died December 8, 1934, in the family home at 1540 South Wilton Place in the Arlington Heights district, leaving a son, Edward Conde Jones of Paris, France, and two daughters, Mrs. J. Forsyth of Los Angeles and Mrs. Louise J. Dobbins of Monterey, California. Cremation services were at Rosedale Cemetery.
Military.
At the outbreak of the Civil War Jones helped enlist a number of men who formed a military company and elected him captain. He began his service of more than three years in the 19th Regiment Connecticut Volunteer Infantry, which became the Second Connecticut Artillery. His unit was with the Army of the Potomac and in the Shenandoah Valley; at Cedar Creek he was in command of his regiment and was mentioned by General Philip Sheridan in his memoirs. Jones rose to the rank of major, then was breveted as lieutenant-colonel for his "gallant and meritorious conduct."
Vocation.
Jones operated a mining company in Idaho and Utah between 1871 and 1881. Its rich silver mines in the Salmon River region were the most profitable, with around $600,000 to $800,000 of ore extracted. He spent most winters in Salt Lake, but in 1876 and 1877 he went to El Salvador to examine the mines there.
As an entrepreneur, Jones was in 1886 the president of a syndicate formed to build a "first-class hotel in the style of the Arlington Hotel in Santa Barbara," on Sixth Street between Hill and Broadway in Downtown Los Angeles. It was to be on the site of Saint Vincent's College, which was planning a move to the northwest corner of Grand and Washington. The property instead became the location of the original Bullock's department store.
Jones was also a horticulturist, and in 1919, at the age of seventy-six, he sought a passport to visit Italy, writing in his application:
The applicant has been a grower of oranges, lemons, walnuts, grapes and other fruits for about thirty years . . .; knows something about the labor problems of this State; is aware that we are losing hundreds of our best laborers, who are returning to their Italian homes; has spent many months in Italy up to the beginning of the war [World War I]; speaks and reads the Italian language fairly well; enjoys improved health there and has friends in that country. He hopes and expects to sow seeds for our and their labor improvement, without which improvement California will suffer.
Politics.
Jones represented the 3rd Ward on the Los Angeles Common Council beginning December 7, 1885, and was reelected for another one-year term in 1886.
Memberships.
He served for three years as the first president of the newly organized Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce beginning in 1888, and then on the board of directors from 1893–95. He also served on the board of the Los Angeles Public Library. Jones was the president of the Historical Society of Southern California.
External links.
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Niederlausitz (wine region)

Niederlausitz (Lower Lusatia) is a small region for table wine and country wine in eastern Germany, which was defined in an amendment to the German wine law in 2007. It is located in Brandenburg, which is the federal state surrounding Berlin. The designation Brandenburger Landwein is used for country wines from this region.
Lower Lusatia is not part of the 13 well-established German wine regions for quality wine (usually referred to as "Anbaugebiete"), and is located to the north of all of them, but south of Stargarder Land, which was defined in 2004. This means that Lower Lusatian wineries are not allowed to produce wine of all quality levels of the German wine classification. Only the lower part - "Tafelwein" (table wine) and "Landwein" (country wine) - and not the higher "quality wine" categories "Qualitätswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete" (QbA) and "Prädikatswein" may be produced.
Currently, the Niederlausitz region covers only of vineyards spread out over 14 locations. A peculiar aspect of the Niederlausitz region is that some of the vineyards are planted in former coal strip mines.


Gromark

Gromark sheep are a large-framed, plain bodied dual-purpose (meat and wool) breed of sheep that were under development in 1965 by Arthur C. Godlee at "Marengo", Tamworth, New South Wales. They were selected for a high growth rate, fertility, wool quality and carcase attributes.
Characteristics.
The Gromark is a prime sheep fixed at approximately 69 percent Corriedale and 50 percent Border Leicester genetics. It is polled (does not have horns), has a white open face, clean legs. The long white wool fleece weighs 4-7 kilos, is about 130 mm long and averages about 30 microns in fibre diameter.
Rams average 100 kg, ewes are approximately 75-80 kg (175lb). The rams are typically used as terminal sires for first-cross fat lamb production, but the ewes do produce large lean lambs. The Gromark breed is hardy with a low incidence of fly strike and dystocia.
Since 1965 Gromark sheep have been selected by objective measurement for good growth, without excessive fat. The results are being used to provide breed-specific parameters to improve the accuracy of Estimated Breeding Values (EBV) produced by Australia's national performance testing scheme for meat sheep. In 1979 the Australian Gromark Breed Society was formed and is committed to performance recording of the breed.
This breed is mostly found in the high rainfall areas of south-east Australia, in New South Wales and Victoria. The Rare Breeds Trust of Australia has classified the breed as "recommended for investigation" into its stability as a breeding population.


Rawlinna Station

Rawlinna Station is a pastoral lease and sheep station located about east of Kambalda in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia. The locality of Rawlinna and the Transcontinental Railway are situated along the boundary of the station.
Description.
The station occupies an area of about or 2.5 million acres in the remote south east of Western Australia, making it the largest sheep station in Australia. It is currently owned by the Jumbuck Pastoral Company. The station encompasses part of the Nullarbor Plain, so the geology changes from the red dirt of the goldfields to the plain's famous white limestone outcrops. The vegetation changes from woodlands to the east to drought-resistant shrubs and grasses on the plain.
Feral dogs are a problem for graziers on the Nullarbor, so a dog-proof fence was constructed with marsupial netting at the base; it is in length. A separate block adjoins the fence that is also dog proofed with a solar powered electric fence. Stock are watered from 37 bores in 87 main paddocks, along with other holding paddocks. Some of the bores are deep and are all powered by windmills.
A homestead exists about south west of the railway siding. A huge shearing complex, known as the Depot Outstation, was built in the middle of the property in 1967. The outstation has a 16-stand shearing shed, an overseer's house, shearers' and station hands' accommodation, mess and kitchen facilities.
History.
The traditional owners of the land are the Mirning people, the Ngalea and Wangai peoples, who have inhabited the area for over 10,000 years.
John Eyre and his companion Wylie passed through the area as they crossed the Nullarbor in the expedition of 1841. Eyre commented that the Nullarbor was "a blot on the face of nature".
Established in 1962 by Hugh G. MacLachlan, of the South Australian pastoral family, the station has a comparatively short history compared to other properties of its type around Australia.
Through the late 20th century the area proved to be prime pastoral and breeding country when seasonal conditions were good. In those days the station held between 40,000 to 60,000 sheep, and annually produced 1100 to 1700 bales of wool.
In 2001, an amount of 78,417 sheep were shorn for 2177 bales of wool.
In 2014 around 53,000 sheep were shorn and 1285 bales of wool.
The station had a poor season in 2005, with only of rain falling compared to the average of . By 2006 things had improved, with falling before the onset of winter, guaranteeing that winter grasses would germinate and stock of 32,000 sheep on the property at that stage would have adequate feed.
Ross Wood, the station manager, retired in 2007. Wood was the third manager employed at Rawlinna since 1967, the other two being David Seaton and Murray McQuie. The station manager in 2012 was Michael Simons, who had replaced Wood in 2007. Simons started with Jumbuck in 1983 and now runs Rawlinna along with 14 staff. The property is stocked with approximately 60,000 sheep, with wool being sent to Adelaide for testing and sale. The record number of sheep shorn at Rawlinna is 80,000.


Kunigal stud farm

Kunigal stud farm is a stud farm located in the town of Kunigal in the Indian state of Karnataka. This farm is used for breeding horses mainly for racing and is the oldest stud farm in India. The history of this farm can be traced back to the times of Tipu Sultan, the ruler of Srirangapatna who used it to breed horses for his cavalry to fight against the British.
History.
The farm was created by Tipu Sultan for breeding horses for his wars in the 1790s. After his death, the farm was used by the British Army to breed horses, mainly Arabian horses for their cavalry regiments. In 1886, the farm also housed "Pero Gomez", the first-ever thoroughbred stallion to be imported into India. Subsequently, the horses were also bred for racing and these horses started to challenge the supremacy of horses imported from United Kingdom and Australia as well. The imperial government held control of the farm during the period under the superintendence of Colonel Hay, General Stewart, Colonel McIntire, Colonel A. A. Jones and Colonel R. J. Jones among others. It was then transferred to the Military Department of the Kingdom of Mysore before transferring to the government of Mysore state in 1948. In 1992, the Government of Karnataka leased the farm to the industrialist Vijay Mallya's race horse division of United Racing and Bloodstock Breeders (URBB).
Stud Farm.
The farm is spread across and is divided into 25 paddocks of different sizes. Good pasture is maintained and plants needed for fodder like Alfalfa, Green oats and Rhodes grass are grown here. Training facilities for horses including a riding school is present in the farm. The farm also contains a water purification plant and medical care for horses are provided by veterinarians.
Horses.
Vijay Mallya has imported many stallions from abroad which are housed in the farm. The first stallion to be imported was "Bold Russian" who had won many races in the United Kingdom and the U.S.. "Brave Act" and "Tejano" are other prominent stallions that were imported. Probably, the most famous Indian thoroughbred to emerge from this farm was "Adler" who remained undefeated in all the nine races that he competed in India. "Adler" is also the first Indian thoroughbred to win a race in the U.S. The farm also houses some winning broodmares like "Littleover", "Starfire Girl" and "Supervite". "Saddle Up", a thoroughbred from this farm has won many races in India and also in Singapore and Malaysia. Another famous horse bred in this farm has been "Burden of Proof" whose progeny has won many races.
Achievements.
Kunigal Stud Farm has been awarded the Leading Stud Farm award in the Bangalore race season held in the year 2006 with 31 winners and also in the year 2007 with 39 winners.


Merton (New South Wales)

Merton is a heritage-listed former farm, horse stud, village settlement and residence and now residence at 4883 Jerrys Plains Road, Denman, Muswellbrook Shire, New South Wales, Australia. It was built between 1825 and 1910; and it was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.
History.
Merton was a grant to Commander William Ogilvie who had served as a Midshipsman under Lord Horatio Nelson at the Battle of Copenhagen and who retired from the Royal Navy to the Colony of New South Wales.
He arrived with his wife and four children in 1825 and almost immediately applied for a grant of land in the Hunter Valley. He was allotted near the present town of Denman, and named it Merton after the house of Lord Nelson in Surrey.
The original Merton cottage built in 1826 was a small four-roomed cottage, whitewashed with an earthen floor. Later, wooden floors were laid. Room partitions were made of wooden at first, was eventually thatched. Sandstone for the cottage was quarried on the hillside behind.
This homestead became the centre of the first village in the Upper Hunter Valley, possessing courthouse, church, school, cemetery, etc.
William Ogilvie died in 1859 and the family leased the property until it passed into the White family (an outstanding pioneering dynasty) by 1875 and was owned by Reginald White in 1896 when described by H. Mackenzie in "Pastoralists and Producers". Reginald White built the second brick house which was extended at various times, particularly in 1910 for the visit of the Prince of Wales. Under the White family racehorses and cattle were bred here.
In the last thirty years it has been owned by L. Porter (about 1950), then P. Feeney and since 1986 by the Carter family. Of the many buildings to survive are Merton Cottage (disused) and White's late nineteenth homestead - a complex of the highest significance. The Carter family have since been restoring the property from a previously abandoned and vandalised condition.
Description.
The site comprises two buildings, Merton Cottage, erected and now disused, originally earthen floors that have been replaced by wooden flooring, with wooden slab partitions, and sandstone walls. The second building is the White family's late nineteenth homestead in the Victorian Filigree style.
Modifications and dates.
There have been a number of modifications, as follows:
Recent timber/metal deck skillion-roofed extensions to side. Verandah frieze modifications. Some painted brickwork. Extensive demolition and restoration works in the past 10 years
Heritage listing.
As at 6 July 2010, historically the property is of regional significance as it was settled by one of the region's founding families, bought by the region's best known successful pastoralist, and contains evidence of the original homestead buildings. It has remained continuously in use for its original purpose. Socially the homestead site has regional significance for the descendants of the Ogilvie, Reginald White and Porter families. Scientifically it has regional significance for its potential to reveal information which could contribute to an understanding of the lifestyle of successful pastoralists in the 19th and 20th centuries and about the changes in farming in the Upper Hunter over the past century. Because of the surviving evidence of settlement by its founders, the homestead has regional rarity.
The complex (of very early settler's cottage, late 19th century homestead complete with gardens and terrace and early 20th century ballroom) is surviving evidence of progress made by two very important Hunter Valley settlers. The early cottage is the oldest surviving in the area. The complex occupies a prominent site overlooking the town of Denman, in a remarkable setting (National Trust classification). Its strong association with an important figure in the person of Commander William Ogilvie. First Crown grantee to take up residence in the upper Hunter in 1825 (RNE).
Merton was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.


Vitangelo Bisceglia

 Vitangelo Bisceglia (30 November 1749 – 14 October 1822) was an Italian botanist, agronomist and professor. He taught inside the University of Altamura. Because of his being a polymath, he's been described as "an encyclopedic spirit, the honor of the Muses".
Life.
Vitangelo Bisceglie was born in Terlizzi, Italy on 30 November 1749. His father was Francesco Bisceglia , while his mother was Chiara Teresa Carnicella As a child he was very lively and intelligent. At the age of fourteen, he dressed the clerical dress and the bishop of the time, Msgr. Orlandi, was so impressed that he said, "Vitangelo will become a famous birbone, or a distinguished scholar". He studied Ancient Greek, Latin, French, philosophy, mathematics and anatomy.
He was admired and respected by many scholars of his time, and he began to bring his teachings to Terlizzi, in order to revitalize the academy established by Ferrante de Gemmis. At the age of 21, he started a correspondence with Antonio Genovesi whose answers are published in his "Libro delle lettere familiari". Letters of Antonio Genovesi to Bisceglia were headed to Donna Orsola Garappa of Monopoli, a student of Vitangelo Bisceglia and wife to Michele Lioy of Terlizzi.
He then went to Calabria to teach the daughters of Princess Motta Ruffo di Calabria, close relative of the cardinal Fabrizio Ruffo and later in 1776 he graduated both in civil law and canonical law in Naples.
In 1783 he accepted the invitation of rector Gioacchino de Gemmis becoming vicar of Altamura's clergymen and also teacher of the University of Altamura, where Luca de Samuele Cagnazzi was already teaching physics. De Gemmis was also very happy with his idea of reorganizing the professorships; after the publication of his first essay on law in which he defended the rights of Altamura Cathedral against the claims of the bishop of Gravina, Bisceglia obtained many offers of promotion to be a bishop, but he refused in order to continue his research on botany, publishing, in collaboration with famous botanist Vincenzo Petagna, a "Memory on the causes of tetanus" () and he also wrote about philosophy, economics, botany and agriculture, as well as two short essays about local history, even going back to prehistory.
He contributed to the writing of the chronicles of the events of Altamuran Revolution (1799) with his work "Memories of events in Altamura from January to May 1799" (), being at that time moderator of the local university. He wrote numerous "orations", pronounced eulogies in Terlizzi Cathedral for important events, such as the death of notable people or celebratory events related to politics.
As mentioned above, he also wrote a work about law, showing that he was also a talented jurist and historian, in the age-old dispute with the bishop of Gravina on the privileges of Altamura Cathedral and his "royal patronage", which means his being subject only to the king. In fact, he demonstrated that the privileges and tax exemptions enjoyed by Altamura Cathedral were legally right and encompassed by the law of the kingdom. In his work, he explained the results of his research and it was very well received, especially in the city of Altamura. His research went back as far as the Middle Ages, by including the decrees enacted by Frederick II of Hohenstaufen.
He was also a member of the "Accademia dei Forti" in Rome, "Accademia dei Georgofili" in Florence, Royal Society of Encouragement to Natural Sciences of Naples and of various other academies. He died in Terlizzi on 4 October 1817, apparently killed by the gout.


Krenkerup

Krenkerup is an old manor house located 3 km (2 mi) southwest of Sakskøbing on the Danish island of Lolland. It is one of Denmark's oldest estates and manors, documented as early as the 1330s. Between 1815 and 1938, it was known as "Hardenberg".
History and architecture.
The three-winged building stands on a narrow, rectangular mound surrounded by a moat. The original stone house from 1490 was extended by statesman Mogens Gøye with three new wings, forming an enclosed courtyard. A tower was added on the west side. In 1631, Palle Rosenkrantz built an extra storey on the north wing and an octagonal tower on the southeast corner. The south wing was destroyed by fire in 1689 and never rebuilt. The entire complex was renovated in 1780. From 1815 to 1838, Krenkerup was known as Hardenberg.
In 1731, the Reventlows established a family property consisting of Krenkerup, Rosenlund and Nørregård which in 1815 became the countyship of Hardenberg-Reventlow, including the subsidiary estates of Nielstrup, Sæbyholm and Christiansdal. It was dissolved in 1924.
Covering an area of , the estate is one of the largest in Denmark. Today it is an active agricultural concern and also houses a brewery.
List of owners.
(* 1970-2011) Rupert Gorm Reventlow-Grinling


Ganot

Ganot (, "lit." Gardens; ) is a moshav in central Israel. Located near the Hiriya (now Ariel Sharon Park) it falls under the jurisdiction of Sdot Dan Regional Council. In it had a population of .
History.
The village was first established in 1950 by demobilised soldiers, but was later abandoned. It was re-established in 1955 by Rassco (the Rural and Suburban Settlement Company) and took in residents from all over the country. Its name is taken from the Book of Amos 9:14;
And I will turn the captivity of My people Israel, and they shall build the waste cities, and inhabit them; and they shall plant vineyards, and drink the wine thereof; they shall also make gardens, and eat the fruit of them.
The Ganot interchange, a junction between Highway 1 and Highway 4, is located next to the moshav.


Tom Barry (politician)

Tom Barry (born 10 October 1968) is a former Irish Fine Gael politician who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cork East constituency from 2011 to 2016.
Private life and career.
Barry is a native of Killavullen, County Cork. He is graduate of Biochemistry from University College Cork (UCC). He is the founder and CEO of a grain drying and warehousing business in his home village of Killavullen. He is also a tillage farmer. He is married to Kathy Quane, a lecturer of Anatomy in UCC's School of Medicine and Health and they have three children.
Political career.
He was formerly a member of Cork County Council for the Mallow local electoral area. He was elected as a Fine Gael TD for the Cork East constituency at the 2011 general election on his first attempt.
In May 2013, he wrote to Cardinal Seán Brady and the Papal nuncio Charles John Brown asking whether he would be excommunicated if he voted for the "Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill 2013". Two months later, in July, Barry was seen on an Oireachtas television broadcast pulling his Fine Gael colleague Deputy Áine Collins onto his lap during a parliamentary debate. Barry later apologised publicly for his behaviour, saying he had been drinking earlier at the Dáil bar (a bar in the Irish parliament), and the Fine Gael party and his wife condemned his behaviour.
He lost his seat at the 2016 general election.


Travis Toews

Travis Toews (born 1964) is a Canadian politician elected in the 2019 Alberta general election to represent the electoral district of Grande Prairie-Wapiti in the 30th Alberta Legislature. He was appointed as Minister of Finance of Alberta and President of the Treasury Board on April 30, 2019 by Alberta Premier Jason Kenney.
Education.
Toews attended the University of Alberta. He then attained a professional accounting designation through the society of management accountants and holds Certified Management Accountants of Canada (CMA) and Chartered Professional Accountant (CPA) accounting designations.
Career.
Toews spent twelve years working in a public accounting practice prior to pursuing business interests. After retiring from public accounting practice, Toews invested in, managed and grew a corporate family cattle ranching operation as well as an oilfield environmental company. Toews has served as a Director on a number of local non-profit boards, as well as provincial and national industry boards and committees including the Alberta Beef Producers and the Canadian Agri-Food Trade Alliance.  He served as President of the Canadian Cattlemen's Association from 2010 to 2012. Toews co-chaired the Agri-Innovators Committee for then federal Agriculture Minister Gerry Ritz. In 2013, Ritz appointed Toews as a Canadian representative on the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) committee designed to improve international food security between APEC countries. Between 2010 and 2012, Toews served as a member of Country of Origin Labelling Canadian World Trade Organization Legal working group in Geneva, Switzerland.
Minister of Finance.
On April 30, 2019, Alberta Premier Jason Kenney appointed Toews as Minister of Finance of Alberta and President of the Treasury Board. Toews succeeds Calgary-Buffalo MLA Joe Ceci as Minister of Finance.