John Deere World Headquarters

The John Deere World Headquarters is a complex of four buildings located on 1,400 acres (5.7 km²) of land at One John Deere Place, Moline, Illinois, United States. The complex serves as corporate headquarters for agricultural heavy equipment company John Deere.
History.
The complex opened on April 20, 1964. The buildings were designed by the Finnish-American architect Eero Saarinen, who died before its construction was complete, only four days after he signed the contract for the newest buildings. The project was finished by architect Kevin Roche. It was built according to Deere & Company President William Hewitt's instructions using COR-TEN weathering steel—one of the first architectural applications of the material—which gave the building an "earthy" look as it oxidized and aged. In celebration of the 2018 Illinois Bicentennial, the John Deere World Headquarters was selected as one of the Illinois 200 Great Places by the American Institute of Architects Illinois component (AIA Illinois) and was recognized by USA Today Travel magazine, as one of AIA Illinois' selections for Illinois 25 Must See Places.
Building and amenities.
Within the building are offices for over 900 staff and an auditorium with 350 seats. The facility also houses the world's largest agricultural museum taking you through the history of farming and the company's creation in 1837. This museum is located between the display room and grounds.
The grounds are open seven days a week and are free to all to enter and see, between 9:00am and 5:00pm on weekdays, but check for weekend times also.
As well as many historical items it is possible to see some of the more modern machines made by John Deere, one-off art displays by artists such as Alexander Girard, and read as much literature as you like.
Landscape.
The design for the campus was created by Hideo Sasaki of Sasaki Associates landscape architecture firm. The design picked up an ASLA Classic Award in 1991 and is considered by many to be the archetypal corporate setting.


Bolton Abbey

Bolton Abbey in Wharfedale, North Yorkshire, England, takes its name from the ruins of the 12th-century Augustinian monastery now known as Bolton Priory. The priory, closed in the 1539 Dissolution of the Monasteries ordered by King Henry VIII, is in the Yorkshire Dales, next to the village of Bolton Abbey.
The estate is open to visitors, and includes many miles of all-weather walking routes. The Embsay & Bolton Abbey Steam Railway terminates at Bolton Abbey station one and a half miles/2.5 km from Bolton Priory.
Bolton Priory.
The monastery was founded at Embsay in 1120. Led by a prior, Bolton Abbey was technically a priory, despite its name. It was founded in 1154 by the Augustinian order, on the banks of the River Wharfe. The land at Bolton, as well as other resources, were given to the order by Lady Alice de Romille of Skipton Castle in 1154. In the early 14th century Scottish raiders caused the temporary abandonment of the site and serious structural damage to the priory. The seal of the priory featured the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Child and the phrase "sigillum sancte Marie de Bolton".
The nave of the abbey church was in use as a parish church from about 1170 onwards, and survived the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
Building work was still going on at the abbey when the Dissolution of the Monasteries resulted in the termination of the priory in January 1540. The east end remains in ruins. A tower, begun in 1520, was left half-standing, and its base was later given a bell-turret and converted into an entrance porch. Most of the remaining church is in the Gothic style of architecture, but more work was done in the Victorian era, including windows by August Pugin. It still functions as a church today, holding services on Sundays and religious holidays.
Bolton Abbey churchyard contains the war grave of a Royal Flying Corps officer of the First World War.
Bolton Abbey Estate.
The Domesday Book lists Bolton Abbey as the caput manor of a multiple estate including 77 carucates of ploughland (around 9240 acres/3850 ha) belonging to Edwin, Earl of Mercia. The estate then comprised Bolton Abbey, Halton East, Embsay, Draughton; Skibeden, Skipton, Low Snaygill, Thorlby; Addingham, Beamsley, Holme, Gargrave; Stainton, Otterburn, Scosthrop, Malham, Anley; Coniston Cold, Hellifield and Hanlith. They were all laid waste in the Harrying of the North after the defeat of the rebellion of Edwin, Earl of Mercia and classified as the "Clamores" (disputed land) of Yorkshire until around 1090, when they were transferred to Robert de Romille, who moved its administrative centre to Skipton Castle. The Romille line died out around 1310, and Edward II granted the estates to Robert Clifford.
In 1748 Baroness Clifford married William Cavendish and Bolton Abbey Estate thereafter belonged to the Dukes of Devonshire, until a trust was set up by the 11th Duke of Devonshire turning it over to the Chatsworth Settlement Trustees to steward.
Today, the 33,000 acre (134 km2) estate contains six areas designated as Sites of Special Scientific Interest, including Strid Wood, an ancient woodland (mainly oak), which contains the length of the River Wharfe known as The Strid, and a marine fossil quarry. The estate encompasses 8 miles (13 km) of river, 84 farms, 84 buildings of architectural interest, and four Grade I listed buildings; and is currently home to 27 businesses from tearooms to bookshops. The iconic stepping stones cross the River Wharfe near the Abbey ruins. The estate includes extensive grouse moors, including Barden Moor on the west side of Wharfedale and Barden Fell on the east side of the dale. There is also a pheasant shoot. Apart from people employed within these businesses, the estate employs about 120 staff to work on the upkeep of the estate.
Much of the estate is open to the public. A charge is made for car parking. The Dales Way passes through the estate on a permissive path. Barden Moor and Barden Fell, which includes the prominent crag of Simon's Seat, are on access land, and permissive paths lead up to the moors. Access to the moors may be closed to the public during the shooting season.
Bolton Abbey Hall, originally the gatehouse of the priory, was converted into a house by the Cavendish family. The hall is a Grade II* listed building.
As well as Bolton Abbey, the Cavendish family also own the Chatsworth (Derbyshire, England) and Lismore Castle (Waterford, in the Republic of Ireland) estates.
In the early nineteenth century, a cow known as the Craven Heifer was bred on the Bolton Abbey estate. Weighing 312 stone (1.98 tonnes), and measuring 11 ft 4ins in length and over 7 ft in height, she to this day remains Britain's largest ever cow.
The Priory Church.
The Priory Church of St. Mary and St. Cuthbert, Bolton Abbey, is an active Church of England church, serving the village and parish of Bolton Abbey, with a full calendar of liturgical events, and a full-time rector who lives in the adjacent Rectory. The current church is the surviving part of the otherwise ruined 12th-century Augustinian religious community originally known as Bolton. It is situated in the Yorkshire Dales National Park, within the Bolton Abbey estate.
Bolton Abbey in culture.
The remains of the priory can still be seen, and the setting is immortalised in both art and poetry.
These include a painting by Edwin Landseer and watercolours by J. M. W. Turner one of which, "Bolton Abbey, Yorkshire" (1809), is held at the British Museum. The young Brontë sisters are believed to have visited the estate while Landseer was in residence. (Researching for his painting "Bolton Abbey in Olden Times", the young authors were escorted on an exclusive guided tour by an unnamed 'E'.) The following year Charlotte Brontë exhibited a drawing 'Bolton Abbey' alongside stars of the day at the Royal Northern Festival of Arts, Leeds. When first discovered by Jane Sellars and Christine Alexander in 1994, it was thought based on Turner's view of 1809, but further research, and detail of a drifting heron relates the drawing more closely to Landseer's oil-sketch of the same scene, which shows a heron drifting toward Charlotte's reciprocal bird, as if to embrace. Landseer's sketch was never exhibited or reproduced, it reiterates therefore that the Brontës met the influential artist in 1833. William Wordsworth's poem "The White Doe of Rylstone" was inspired by a visit to Bolton Abbey in 1807.


Geelong Saleyards

The Geelong Saleyards is a livestock exchange located on Weddell road, North Geelong, Victoria, Australia. It operated as a livestock exchange until August 2017.
History.
The early Geelong Town Corporation bought land for the saleyards in 1867 and opened the facility on the 6 September 1869.
The Geelong Saleyards has significance as the most intact functioning 19th century municipal stock yards known in Victoria. They were the second municipal saleyards to be built in Geelong, to a layout and design by the Town Surveyor, Robert Balding.
Closure.
The Geelong Saleyards closed to the sale of sheep and cattle on 31 August 2017. Poultry sales closed on 30 July 2018.


Pandie Pandie Station

Pandie Pandie Station, most commonly known as Pandie Pandie, also often spelled as Pandi Pandi or Pandy Pandy, is a pastoral lease that operates as a cattle station in north east South Australia. It lies on the eastern edge of Karanguru territory.
It is situated about south of Birdsville and north west of Innamincka along the banks of the Diamantina River in the channel country of South Australia. It is also situated toward the northern end of the Birdsville Track.
History.
The station was established in 1876 by Robert Frew along with other properties in the area including Annandale, Alton Downs and Planet Downs. Nearby Haddon Downs station was also taken up by Frew in 1877.
Frew still owned the property in 1881 when he renamed the town of Diamantina Crossing to its present name of Birdsville after being amazed at the amount of birdlife found around the area.
By 1903 Sidney Kidman owned the property, and at this time it was completely destocked after suffering the effects of drought and the death of many cattle.
In 1938, the station was acquired by the Morton family, who held it for 70 years until 2008.
In 2008, the property was put up for auction for 7–8 million as part of a package of three blocks – Pandie Pandie, Beckwith and Dickinna – with a total area of . It was sold for 7.5 million to Viv Oldfield with 7800 head of cattle.
Viv Oldfield, along with the Costello family, runs 50,000 cattle across seven stations with a total area of in the Northern Territory and South Australia. The manager of Pandie Pandie is Clay Oldfield. The station runs Brahman cattle.
The land occupying the extent of the Pandie Pandie pastoral lease was gazetted as a locality in April 2013 under the name 'Pandie Pandie'.


Robbs Jetty Abattoir

Robbs Jetty Abattoir was an operation that was part of the Western Australia government meat export industry between 1921 and 1994. It was located in South Fremantle and it utilised the transport services provided by the Robbs Jetty railway station.
It was known variously as Robb Jetty, Robbs Jetty and Robb's Jetty. The abattoir grew out of a complex of private meatworks established in the late 19th century, including Forrest, Emanuel & Company and Connor, Doherty & Durack. In 1921 the Fremantle Freezing Works began operation as one of the three State Government regulated abattoirs under the 1909 Abattoir Act.
The abattoir was the destination of the "Stacey's Lamb Train" and annual delivery on the Western Australian Government Railway system.
The trains route was from Badjaling to Robbs Jetty and it usually required changes in the locomotive being used over the route.
Adjacent to abattoirs in Perth, local properties were utilised by skin drying sheds. At times the smells from the operations were objected to.
The Midland Junction abattoir was operating at approximately the same time as the Robbs Jetty operation, as well as the Wyndham Meatworks 1919 to 1985. The Air Beef Scheme lasted a shorter time (between 1949 and 1965). All of these operations were linked to the Western Australia's meat industry efforts to have adequate facility to be involved in meat export.
The Robbs Jetty abattoir was closed in 1994; the jetty itself had previously been dismantled in the 1960s. The chimney is the only remaining part of the large complex of buildings that included offices, holding yards, freezer and chiller facilities. The chimney is listed in the State Register of Heritage Places.


Brandenburger

The Brandenburger is a warmblood horse breed originating in Germany.
Characteristics.
The Brandenburger is a well-balanced horse with a lively temperament, an easy to get along with character, and is known for being energetic with little tendency to nervousness.
The typical height is 16.1 hands. They have medium size heads, well-set necks with long and straight backs. They are very muscled with strong legs. The most common color is bay, and they usually have dark markings on the ankles and legs; sometimes with a white marking on the forehead. Their coat is shiny with thick skin.
History.
Horse breeding was first mentioned in documents in the Brandenburg March in the 15th century although at that point, there was not a uniform or standardized breed.
The development of the modern Brandenburger sport horse during the mid-20th century was achieved by utilizing Trakehners, Hanoveranians and English Thoroughbreds. The national and state stud of Neustadt/Dosse, which was founded by King Frederick Wilhelm II in 1788, had substantial influence on the development of the Brandenburger.
Bloodlines, breeding, and prominent sires.
Following reunification with the former German Democratic Republic (East Germany), stallions from Hanoverian bloodlines and lines which came via Redefin gained a big influence on the Brandenburg breed. These included inter alia the:
The stallion Komet who came from Mecklenburg, and who miraculously escaped the enforced castration that was the rule for unapproved stallions in East Germany at that time, later became a great sire and produced a series of successful showjumping sires such as Kolibri by Kobold and Kogani I by Kobold I.
A comprehensive blood rejuvenation has taken place since 1990, through the newly founded breeders' association. Since then, mainly Holsteiners from the Ladykiller xx line and the Cor-de-la-Bryère-SF lines, but also stallions from Oldenburg have gained predominance.
In 1999, the breeding stock encompassed 1,927 registered broodmares and 76 sires. The Neustadt/Dosse state stud is the breeding centre. This is where the stallion approval takes place in October every year.
Uses.
Brandenburgers are to be found in all spheres of riding and driving sports as well as in pleasure riding. Poetin, a Brandenburger mare, was a successful dressage horse and sold for a record amount at auction: 2.5 million Euros.


Orloff chicken

The Orloff is a breed of chicken named after Alexei Grigoryevich Orlov, a Russian Count. Reflecting this origin, it is sometimes called the Russian Orloff or simply Russian.
For most of its history, the Orloff was considered to be a product of Russia and Orlov, but modern research has discovered that the breed first appeared in Persia, and was distributed across Europe and Asia by the 17th century. However, Count Orlov was a key promoter of the breed in the 19th century, and the breed became known in the West following his efforts.
Orloffs were first introduced to Great Britain in the 1920s, and were also refined a good deal in Germany; Germans created the first miniaturized bantam Orloff by 1925. The breed was once included in the American Poultry Association's breed standard, the Standard of Perfection, but it was removed due a lack of interest from breeders. In the 21st century, the Orloff remains a rare breed in the West. The Livestock Conservancy lists the breed as critically endangered.
The Orloff is a tall, well-feathered chicken with a somewhat game-like appearance. The head and neck are very thickly feathered. They appear in several recognized color varieties: Black, White, Spangled, Black-tailed Red, Mahogany, and Cuckoo. Their plumage, combined with their tiny walnut comb, small earlobes and minuscule wattles, makes the Orloff a very cold hardy breed. Males generally weigh and hens about . Orloffs are primarily suited to meat production, but hens are reasonable layers of light brown eggs and do not usually go broody. In general temperament, they are known to be relatively calm birds.


Brown Chestnut of Lorraine

The Brown Chestnut of Lorraine (also known as the Brun Marron de Lorraine) is a breed of domestic rabbit that originated in France and is named for the Lorraine region. The breed is currently considered rare. It was developed by Ch. Kauffmann from Garenne and Tan rabbit stock. The ideal weight for this breed is . This rabbit has chestnut brown fur.
The Brown Chestnut of Lorraine has been described as: "a small slender rabbit, harmoniously rounded. Angular head with prominent eyes. Dense fur with short hair. Chestnut brown uniform color with a well-defined orange-brown outer-color. Under-color bluish including the belly. Ears bluish on their inner side and edged with a black border."


Best Manufacturing Company

The Best Manufacturing Company (sometimes known as the "Daniel Best Company") of San Leandro, California was a manufacturer of farm machinery, known for its steam tractors.
History.
The company was formed in 1871 by Daniel Best. The company's initial product was a portable grain cleaner, soon followed by a combine harvester. In 1890, the company purchased the rights to manufacture the Remington steam engine, and produced a range of steam-driven farm machinery, including steam tractors and combine harvesters.
The company was acquired by the Holt Manufacturing Company in 1908 after a legal battle. C. L. Best, the son of the founder then formed his own rival company, the "C. L. Best Gas Traction Company" which built gasoline-powered tractors. This new company acquired the rights to manufacture the Lombard Steam Log Hauler, an early tracked crawler, and began producing "tracklayer" tractors.
Following fierce competition from the Fordson company, C.L. Best merged with the Holt Manufacturing Company in 1925 to form the Caterpillar Tractor Company.


Domaine Dujac

Domaine Dujac is a Burgundy wine producer run by the Seysses family. The founder, Jacques Seysses, is still involved in its operation. His sons, Jeremy and Alec, and Jeremy's wife Diana have run the domaine for the past several vintages. Jacques founded the domaine in 1967, and the first release was 1969. Up until 1999, all the wines from the domaine were whole cluster pressed, with all new oak barrels used.
The original holdings were in Morey-Saint-Denis. Jacques later purchased plots in Échezeaux, Bonnes Mares Chambertin, Romanée St. Vivant and Vosné-Romanée 1er Cru Malconsorts. The Dujacs have purchased approximately in 6 parcels in Clos de la Roche, with an overall average age of 45–50 years. Additionally, they have in 2 parcels in Clos Saint-Denis, with an average age of 45–50 years.
History.
The domaine was founded in 1967 by Jacques Seysses, the son of a wealthy biscuit manufacturer, when he bought Domaine Marcel Graillet and the that Graillet held. Prior to this, Seysses had spent time as an apprentice at Domaine de la Pousse d'Or. As Graillet was a poor domaine that mainly sold wine to négociants, he found himself in the position of both needing to find a customer base while upgrading the winery; neither was accomplished until 1969, when the domaine's first bottling was released, mainly to restaurants, courtesy of Jacques' father's contacts through his biscuit company. By this time, the domaine expanded to include small holdings in Echézeaux and Bonnes-Mares. The domaine kept expanding its vineyard holdings, increasing acreage to .
The domaine began using organic techniques in one third of their vineyards in 2001 as an experiment to see if it was feasible for them to do so for the entire domaine. It was, and the estate went all organic, including certification, in 2008.
In 2005, the domaine divided up the purchase of Domaine Charles Thomas with the owners of Château de Puligny-Montrachet, taking over the Charles Thomas interests in Romanée-Saint-Vivant, Chambertin, Vosne-Romanée, Les Beaumonts and part of Vosne-Romanée, Les Malconsorts. To finance the purchase, some of the Charles Thomas plots were sold off immediately after purchase. This brought the vineyard holdings to approximately .
Vineyards, viticulture, and winemaking.
Under Jacques, the domaine's wine were 100% whole-cluster pressed and fermented in 100% new oak barrels. When he ceded control to his sons in 1999, the style was changed significantly; some clusters are now destemmed, and the use of new oak can be as little as 25% depending on the wine and vintage characteristics. The domaine's Grand Cru wines generally see 100% new oak, the Premier Cru wines generally see 60-80% new oak, and Village wines generally see 40% new oak. The wine ages on the lees for a year, and then racked to remove carbon dioxide. Bottling generally occurs in February or March.
Farming for all the vineyard holdings in the domaine, and plots that they work for other domaines, is all organic; no herbicides are used at all. In order to reduce vigor in younger vines, they use cordon training. The target for harvest is approximately 6 clusters of grapes, resulting in a harvest of approximately 35 hl/ha (just over 4,650 bottles per hectare).
The domaine's holdings are, in decreasing order of area, in the AOCs of Morey-Saint-Denis, Clos de la Roche, Vosne-Romanée 1er cru Aux Malconsorts, Clos Saint Denis, Gevrey-Chambertin 1er cru Les Combottes, Morey-Saint-Denis 1er cru, Vosne-Romanée 1er cru Les Beaux Monts, Charmes-Chambertin, Echézeaux, Morey Saint Denis Blanc, Chambolle Musigny, Morey-Saint-Denis 1er cru Les Monts Luisants, Bonnes Mares, Chambolle-Musigny 1er cru Les Gruenchers, Chambertin, Bourgogne Blanc, and Romanée-Saint-Vivant.


Central and southern Appalachian montane oak forest

The Central and southern Appalachian montane oak forest is a forest system found in the Appalachian Mountains of West Virginia, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.
These forests occur on exposed sites such as ridgecrests and south- to west-facing slopes, typically from about elevation, but sometimes extending to . Soils are thin, weathered, nutrient-poor, low in organic matter, and acidic. Trees are often stunted and wind-flagged.
Flora.
The Central and southern Appalachian montane oak forest commonly includes: the Northern red oak ("Quercus rubra") and white oak ("Quercus alba"), and sprouts of American chestnut ("Castanea dentata").
Common shrubs include: Winterberry ("Ilex montana"), flame azalea ("Rhododendron calendulaceum"), catawba rhododendron ("Rhododendron catawbiense"), and great rhododendron ("Rhododendron maximum").


Cotton production in the United States

Cotton production is an important economic factor in the United States as the country leads, worldwide, in cotton exportation. The United States is ranked third in production, behind China and India. Almost all of the cotton fiber growth and production occurs in southern and western states, dominated by Texas, California, Arizona, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Louisiana. More than 99 percent of the cotton grown in the US is of the Upland variety, with the rest being American Pima. Cotton production is a $25 billion-per-year industry in the United States, employing over 200,000 people in total, as against growth of forty billion pounds a year from 77 million acres of land covering more than eighty countries. The final estimate of U.S. cotton production in 2012 was 17.31 million bales, with the corresponding figures for China and India being 35 million and 26.5 million bales, respectively.
Early cotton farming in the United States is synonymous with the history of slavery in the United States. By the late 1920s around two-thirds of all African-American tenants and almost three-fourths of the croppers worked on cotton farms, and two in three black women from black landowning families were involved in cotton farming. Cotton farming was one of the major areas of racial tension in its history, where many whites expressed concerns about the mass employment of blacks in the industry and the dramatic growth of black landowners. Southern black cotton farmers faced discrimination and strikes often broke out by black cotton farmers. Although the industry was badly affected by falling prices and pests in the early 1920s, the mechanization of agriculture created additional pressures on those working in the industry. Social pressures caused by returning African American WWI veterans demanding increased civil rights being met by a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan and the violence the Klan inflicted on rural African Americans explains why many African Americans moved to northern American cities in the 1920s through the 1950s during the "Great Migration" as mechanization of agriculture was introduced, leaving many unemployed. The Hopson Planting Company produced the first crop of cotton to be entirely planted, harvested, and baled by machinery in 1944.
History.
Background.
Native Americans were observed growing cotton by the Coronado expedition in the early 1540s. This also ushered the slave trade to meet the growing need for labour to grow cotton, a labor-intensive crop and a cash crop of immense economic worth. As the chief crop, the southern part of United States prospered thanks to its slavery-dependent economy. Over the centuries, cotton became a staple crop in American agriculture. The cotton farming also subsidized in the country by U.S. government, as a trade policy, specifically to the “corporate agribusiness” almost ruined the economy of people in many underdeveloped countries such as Mali and many other developing countries (in view of low profits in the light of stiff competition from the United States, the workers could hardly make both ends meet to survive with cotton sales).
Early period.
Cotton has been planted and cultured in the United States since before the American Revolution, especially in South Carolina. It expanded to the west very dramatically after 1800—all the way to Texas—thanks to the cotton gin. Plantation owners brought mass supplies of labor (slaves) from Africa and the Caribbean to hoe and harvest the crop. Prior to the U.S. Civil War, cotton production expanded from 750,000 bales in 1830 to 2.85 million bales in 1850. It was by far the nation's main export, providing the basis for the rapidly growing cotton textile industry in Britain and France, as well as the Northeastern United States.
After the Civil War, cotton production expanded to small farms, operated by white and black tenant farmers and sharecroppers. The quantity exported held steady, at 3,000,000 bales, but prices on the world market fell. Although there was some work involved in planting the seeds, and cultivating or holding out the weeds, the critical labor input for cotton was in the picking. How much a cotton operation could produce depended on how many hands (men women and children) were available. Finally in the 1950s, new mechanical harvesters allowed a handful of workers to pick as much as 100 had done before. The result was a large-scale exodus of the white and black cotton farmers from the south. By the 1970s, most cotton was grown in large automated farms in the Southwest.
20th century.
The United States, observed in 1940 that "many thousands of black cotton farmers each year now go to the polls, stand in line with their white neighbors, and mark their ballots independently without protest or intimidation, in order to determine government policy toward cotton production control." However, discrimination towards blacks continued as it did in the rest of society, and isolated incidents often broke out. On September 25, 1961, Herbert Lee, a black cotton farmer and voter-registration organizer, was shot in the head and killed by white state legislator E. H. Hurst in Liberty, Mississippi. Yet the cotton industry continued to be very important for blacks in the southern United States, much more so than for whites. By the late 1920s around two-thirds of all African-American tenants and almost three-fourths of the croppers worked on cotton farms. Three out of four black farm operators earned at least 40% of their income from cotton farming during this period. Studies conducted during the same period indicated that two in three black women from black landowning families were involved in cotton farming.
The introduction of modern textile machinery such as the spinning jenny, power loom, and cotton gin brought in more profits, and cotton towns, “more benign than the British” came to be established in the country. Following the end of slavery in the southern states the boll weevil, a pest from Mexico, began to spread across the United States, affecting yields drastically as it moved east. The fashion cloth of the blue jeans furthered boom of cotton for three decades. Adoption of chemical pesticides to reduce diseases and thus increase yield of the crop further boosted production. Further innovations in the form of genetic engineering and of nanotechnology are an encouraging development for the growth of cotton.
The average production of lint per acre in 1914 was estimated by the United States Department of Agriculture to be 209 pounds, a nominal change from 1911 when it was 208 pounds. In the early 1910s, the average yield per acre varied between states: North Carolina (290 pounds), Missouri (279 pounds), South Carolina (255 pounds), Georgia (239 pounds); the yield in California (500 pounds) was attributed to growth on irrigated land. By 1929, the cotton ranches of California were the largest in the US (by acreage, production, and number of employees). By the 1950s, after many years of development, the mechanical cotton picker had become effective enough to be commercially viable, and it quickly gained appeal and affordability throughout the U.S. cotton growing area.
The cotton industry in the United States hit a crisis in the early 1920s. Cotton and tobacco prices collapsed in 1920 following overproduction and the boll weevil pest wiped out the sea island cotton crop in 1921. Annual production slumped from 1,365,000 bales in the 1910s to 801,000 in the 1920s. In South Carolina, Williamsburg County production fell from 37,000 bales in 1920 to 2,700 bales in 1922 and one farmer in McCormick County produced 65 bales in 1921 and just 6 in 1922. As a result of the devastating harvest of 1922, some 50,000 black cotton workers left South Carolina, and by the 1930s the state population had declined some 15%, largely due to cotton stagnation. Although the industry was badly affected by falling prices and pests in the early 1920s, the main reason is undoubtedly the mechanization of agriculture in explaining why many blacks moved to northern American cities in the 1940s and 1950s during the "Great Migration" as mechanization of agriculture was introduced, leaving many unemployed. The Hopson Planting Company produced the first crop of cotton to be entirely planted, harvested, and baled by machinery in 1944.
Recent period.
In 2012, production totaled 17.3 million bales, with 12.3 million acres planted. The average price was $0.71 per pound with a crop value of $5.97 billion. A report published in May 2012 by the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service ranked the highest cotton-producing states as Texas, Georgia, Arkansas, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, Arizona, Missouri, Alabama, California, South Carolina, and Louisiana.
Exports.
The United States is the world's top exporter of cotton. Four out of the top five importers of U.S.-produced cotton are in North America; the principal destination is Honduras, with about 33% of the total, although this has been in decline slightly over recent years. The next most important importer is Mexico, with about 18%, a figure which has been broadly stable, and then the Dominican Republic, although exports have declined as a proportion of the total in recent years. China imported about 11% of U.S. cotton last year, which was a sharp increase over previous seasons, allowing it to overtake El Salvador, which has consistently imported about 8-9% of the total. Cotton exports to China grew from a value of $46 million in 2000 to more than $2 billion in 2010. In Japan, especially Texas cotton is very highly regarded as its strong fibers lend themselves perfectly to low tension weaving.
Cotton production by state.
Texas.
Texas produces more cotton than any other state in the United States. With eight production regions around Texas, and only four geographic regions, it is the state's leading cash crop. Texas produces approximately 25% of the country's cotton crop on more than 6 million acres, the equivalent of over of cotton fields. Texas Cotton Producers includes nine certified cotton grower organizations; it addresses national and statewide cotton grower issues, such as the national farm bill and environmental legislation.
California.
Cotton was grown in Mexican California. It became a major crop in the 1930s. California’s cotton is mostly grown in seven counties within the San Joaquin Valley, though Imperial Valley and Palo Verde Valley also have acres planted. In the 1990s cotton was also planted in the Sacramento Valley. California is the largest producer of Pima cotton in the United States. The California cotton industry provides more than 20,000 jobs in the state and generates revenues in excess of $3.5 billion annually.
Arizona.
In the late 19th and early 20th century, federal agricultural engineers worked in the Arizona Territory on an experimental farm in Sacaton. It was here that Pima Indians cultivated various cotton hybrids seeking ideal traits. By the early 1900s, the botanist Thomas Henry Kearney (1874–1956) created a long staple cotton which was named Pima after the Indians who grew it. In 1910, it was released into the marketplace. While in 1987, Arizona was producing 66% of the country’s Pima cotton, it has dropped to only 2% in recent years.
Mississippi.
From 1817, when it became a state, to 1860 Mississippi was the largest cotton-producing state in the United States. Cotton is a major crop in Mississippi with approximately 1.1 million acres planted each year. The highest acreage recorded was in 1930 (4.163 million acres); the highest production year was 1937 (2.692 million bales produced over 3.421 million acres); the highest cotton yields were in 2004 (1034 pounds of lint produced per acre).
Missouri.
The industry faces challenges from increases in cotton production elsewhere where US cotton exports had gone and shifts to less expensive synthetic fibers, such as polyesters.
From 2012-2016, Missouri was ranked eighth in cotton production in the United States with the average production value of $191,004,400. Missouri soil allows for the growth of upland cotton with the average bale weighing approximately five hundred pounds. The cottonseed from Missouri cotton production is used as livestock feed. According to the University of Missouri, cotton production per acreage in this state peaked in the 1953 and decreased to its lowest point in 1967. In terms of yield, Missouri yielded a record low of 281 pounds/acre in 1957 and a record high of 1,097 pounds/acre in 2015.
The top four upland cotton producing counties in Missouri are New Madrid (197,000 bales in 2016), Dunklin (171,200 bales in 2016), Stoddard (110,000 bales in 2016), and Pemiscot (72,000 bales in 2016). Other combined counties in Missouri produced 15,800 bales in 2016. In 2017, total Missouri cottonseed sales were 179,000 tons. Missouri upland cotton production in 2017 was valued at $261,348,000 with 750,000,480 pound bales produced in that year. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, upland cotton in Missouri was valued at 0.751 $ / pound in 2017. Cottonseed production was less valuable that year in terms of dollar value, with a total production being 255,000 tons valued at $39,824,000 ($152/ton).
Missouri grows upland cotton, and cottonseed, which is a valuable livestock feed.
Florida.
Cotton growing is confined to the westernmost tip of the state; over 50% of the Santa Rosa County's harvest is of cotton.


Manfred G. Raupp

Manfred Gustav Raupp (born 13 November 1941 Staffort, a suburb of Stutensee) is a German
agricultural scientist and economist. He is honorary professor of the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague active in the Department of Agricultural Research and International Management.
He is a member of the management team of the EU research project Biofector as a specialist in
agricultural- and biological-informatics, responsible for training and information.
Life and work.
After studying agricultural technology, agricultural science, sociology, economics and marketing
at the Engineering College in Nuertingen, the University of Hohenheim and at INSEAD he worked in Market Theory in Hohenheim and Bad Duerkheim. Having obtained diplomas in engineering (FH) and agriculture he obtained a doctorate (Dr. oec) in 1973 in Hohenheim.
From 1974 to 1999 he was a senior manager in the Swiss concern Ciba-Geigy, responsible for seed products, and by Novartis, where he was responsible for the agrochemical business in Central and East Europe, as well as for Central Asia. Since 1999 he has an independent business in agricultural research and research and consulting.
Manfred Raupp is a registered EU advisor for the EU Commission in agro-research matters, in particular Bio-Effectors, and performs teaching duties at the Universities of Prague-Suchdol, Chester, Erdine and Timişoara. He carries out research and teaches on the themes: plant vitalization and resource management, Bio-Effectors, the natural product industry, resistance to plant disease and international management.
Further Commitments.
In the 1970s he was a founder member of the Renewable Raw Materials group of Manfred Dambroth which built up the German Gene Bank of Crop Plants and with Ludwig Reiner was involved in the establishment of German agricultural informatics.
In 1987 Raupp was active in support of Polish small farmers with blizzard maize seed. In 1989 he was invited to teach Agricultural Research and International Management in German and English at the University of Prague-Suchdol, and in 2000 became a member of the editorial board of the scientific journal Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica Prague. Since the beginning of the Erasmus programme he has been involved in international student exchange and in Rotarian youth exchange, and is a member of the Regional Committee Germany-Turkey of Rotary International.
He is active as a Guest Lecturer within the framework of the Erasmus relationship between Trakya University and the University of Chester on the one hand, and DHBW Loerrach on the other. Together with Mukadder Seyhan Yuecel he prepared the Loerrach Symposium at Trakya University. He also campaigned for the recognition of the Selimiye Mosque in the UNESCO list of World Culture heritage.
Herr Raupp was a founder of the German BioValley, was a founder member of the Trinational School Research Centre phaenovum and is Chairman of Loerrach International.


Sophienholm

Sophienholm is a former manor house and exhibition venue located north on the shore of Lake Bagsværd in Lyngby-Taarbæk Municipality in the northern outskirts of Copenhagen, Denmark.
The main building was originally a country home built in 1769 by Johan Theodor Holmskiold who named the house after his wife Sophie Holmskjold. Its next owner, Constantin Brun, had it completely rebuilt at the turn of the 19th century into its present appearance, and it became a lively cultural venue during the Danish Golden Age when his wife, the writer and salonist Friederike Brun, played host to many prominent Danish and foreign cultural figures of the time.
History.
Early history.
Sophienholm was built from 1767 to 1768 as a country retreat for Johan Theodor Holmskiold (1731–1793).
The country house was in a classicist style and the garden transformed into English landscape style.
Originally a medical doctor and naturalist, Holmskiold had just begun a successful career at the Royal Court in Copenhagen and as a director for several prominent state enterprises. He named the house after his fiancée Sophia Magdalena de Schrødersee (1746–1801). They married in 1770 and owned the property until 1790 when he built himself a new and larger country home nearby.
The new owner of Sophienholm was the merchant Constantin Brun (1746–1836). Originally from Germany, he had come to Denmark as royal administrator of trade in the Danish West Indies and made a fortune on trade during the early Napoleonic Wars, profiting from Denmark's neutrality. In 1783, Constantin Brun married Friederike Brun, née Münther (1765–1835).
At the turn of the century, he commissioned Joseph-Jacques Ramée (1764–1842) to redesign and expand the main building.
Completed in 1805, Ramée's project also redesigned the park and added several smaller buildings to the site, including a Norwegian house, a Chinese pavilion, a Swiss cottage and a gate house. Later two lateral wings were added to the main building.
Golden Age venue.
While the Bruns resided at Sophienholm, the estate developed into a lively cultural venue when the culturally inclined Frederikke used it for salons. An inspiration for this activity was Madame de Staël, a close friend from her travels who was famous for her salons at Château de Coppet. Frederikke Brun's salons attracted a colourful mix of celebrated poets and poor and unknown students, composers, foreign diplomats, foreign artists of any kind, and even members of the royal family.
Among the most frequent guests were Jens Baggesen, Oehlenschläger, Schack von Staffeldt, a young Johan Ludvig Heiberg, J. M. Thiele and B. S. Ingemann.
Contemporary memoires and letter literature provide a detailed image of how the salon life at Sophienhom unfolded. In the day time, the park was a popular venue for the house guests who would have tea or hot chocolate in the Norwegian House in the afternoon, sometimes also in the evening. Imported donkeys were used for excursions in the surrounding countryside. At dinner time, the guests were treated with food and wine "in abundance" and afterwards coffee was served in the Picture Room, located on the ground floor, facing the forest. . Besides general conversation, the entertainment included various literary and musical activities. Frederikke often read aloud letters from her many famous friends abroad, and guests entertained with recitations of poetry or musical performances.Constantin Brun, who did not share Frederikke's cultural inclination, would usually retire early, either to his private chambers or to a quiet corner to play cards and complain about his wife's extravagance
A central part of the salon life was Ida Brun (1792–1857), Constantin and Friederike Brun's oldest daughter. She had many prominent admirers both among the guests at Sophienholm and the prominent personages she met on travels with her parents around Europe, including Bertel Thorvaldsen in Rome. She performed at her mother's soirées both with singing and "attitudes", a cross between postures, dance and acting,which she had learned directly from their inventor, Lady Hamilton in Naples. When Ida Brun married Louis Philippe de Bombelles (1780–1843), the Austrian Ambassador to Denmark, and left the country, the salons at Sophienholm faded out.
After the Brun era.
The Brun era ended in 1836 when Constantin and Friederikke Brun died within a few months of each other. Ida Brun inherited Sophienholm but immediately sold it. In 1882, the estate was bought by Carl Aller (1845-1926), founder of Carl Allers Etablissement, a fast expanding publishing house. Sophienholm stayed in hands of the Aller family until it was bought by Lyngby-Taarbæk Municipality in 1963. They renovated the building and opened it to the public as an exhibition building at the initiative of mayor Paul Fenneberg.
Sopheinholm today.
Sophienholm hosts 4–5 exhibitions a year. The park is used for concerts.


Palatinate (wine region)

Palatinate () is a German wine-growing region ("Weinbaugebiet") in the area of Bad Dürkheim, Neustadt an der Weinstraße, and Landau in Rhineland-Palatinate. Before 1993, it was known as Rhine Palatinate ("Rheinpfalz"). With under cultivation in 2008, the region is the second largest wine region in Germany after Rheinhessen. There are about 6,800 vintners producing around 6.5 million hectolitres of wine annually.
History.
Although wild varieties of the vine were most probably native in the Palatinate region, the Romans brought the cultivated vine and winegrowing techniques around 1 A.D. Several Roman landhouses (villa rusticae) were found in the Palatinate region, for example near Wachenheim and Ungstein.
The "Flurbereinigung" restructuring of the 1980s raised the quality of the area's vineyards to modern standards and by the end of the 20th century, Palatinate wines were garnering international notice for their quality.
Climate and geography.
The Palatinate wine region overlaps with, but is not coextensive with, the traditional German region of Palatinate, making up only 5% of its area. The wine region is an 80-km stretch situated under the lee of the Palatinate Forest on the Haardt Mountains, a continuation of Alsace's Vosges Mountains. Its climate is much like that of Alsace (France) in the south or Baden (Germany) in the east; and it is one of the warmest, sunniest and driest of German wine regions, with only parts of Baden (the only Zone B region in Germany), such as the Kaiserstuhl, being warmer. The vineyards are planted on a mixture of sandstone and volcanic soil.
Subregions.
The region is divided into two districts ("Bereich"), "Südliche Weinstraße" (Southern Wine Route) in the south and "Mittelhaardt-Deutsche Weinstraße" (Central Haardt-German Wine Route) in the north. The Northern vineyards are located north of Neustadt an der Weinstraße in a region often listed on wine labels as "Mittelhaardt" and includes the following towns and villages:
The Southern subregion located south of Neustadt an der Weinstraße has significant plantings of the varieties Grauburgunder (Pinot gris) and Weissburgunder (Pinot blanc) but also produces some Riesling. The soil here ranges from sandstone to slate. The subregion includes the following villages:
Grapes and wine.
There are 45 white and 22 red grape varieties permitted to be cultivated in the Palatinate. Overall the production is split between 61% white wine and 39% red wine. For many years the dominant grapes of the region were the Müller-Thurgau, Kerner and Morio Muscat with Riesling always having a strong foothold in the Mittelhaardt. Toward the end of the 20th century, plantings of Riesling began to increase in the south as well as an increase in plantings of red wine varieties such as Spätburgunder (Pinot noir), Portugieser and Dornfelder.
The wines of the Palatinate are traditionally dry ("trocken") with a full body, though some examples of sweet Portugieser still exist. The red wines often reach alcohol levels of 13% and go through malolactic fermentation and spend some time in oak. Since the 1990s there has been increased production in the sparkling wine (Sekt) made from Riesling.
The most cultivated grape varieties, by area in 2008, were:
Culture.
Unlike most other German wine regions, wine is not only served straight, but is also mixed with sparkling water to make up a popular refreshing drink called "Schorle", a term that also describes juice, mixed with water. Every wine making city or village has its own "Weinfest" (wine festival) once a year, dedicated to drinking the local wines. On such occasions, wine is normally consumed as "Schorle". It is traditionally served in 50cl glasses called "Schoppen" (meaning 1/2 litre) as well as in the typical 25cl ones called "Viertel" ("quarter", for 1/4 litre).
They are of a special shape specific to the region and are known as the "Dubbeglas", widening from bottom to top and featuring indentations or large dimples ("Dubbe") that give the glass its name. The older, undimpled cylindrical half-litre "Schoppenglas" is also frequently seen in the region. The German Wine Route ("Deutsche Weinstraße") traverses this wine region. The region also produces spirits, sparkling wines, wine vinegar, and grape seed oil.


List of Italian cheeses

This is a list of Italian cheeses. Italy is the country with the highest variety of cheeses in the world, with over 2500 traditional varieties, among which are about 500 commercially recognized cheeses and more than 300 kinds of cheese with protected designation of origin (PDO, PGI and PAT). Fifty-two of them are protected at a European level. In terms of raw production volume, Italy is the third largest cheese producer in the European Union, behind France and Germany. Lombardy is the first Italian region for number of protected cheeses, with 77 varieties including Granone Lodigiano, ancestor of all Italian granular cheeses such as Grana Padano and Parmigiano-Reggiano, Mascarpone, and the well-known Gorgonzola blue cheese. Italian cheeses Mozzarella and Ricotta are some of the most popular cheeses worldwide.
See List of Italian DOP cheeses for a list of those Italian cheeses which have Protected Designation of Origin under EU law, together with their areas of origin.


Fredmund Sandvik

Fredmund Sandvik (born 6 August 1951) is a Norwegian farmers' leader and politician for the Centre Party.
He hails from Laksøybygda in Meldal, and is a dairy farmer. He was the chair of Tine Midt-Norge from 1998, board member of the nationwide dairy cooperative Tine from 2002 and chair from 2006. Sandvik has also been a board member of the Norwegian Agrarian Association, and a member of Meldal municipal council for twelve years and Sør-Trøndelag county council for twelve years.
He stepped down as chair of Tine in 2010, citing high blood pressure as the reason. In 2010 he also stepped down as chair of Norsk Landbrukssamvirke. In 2011 he was voted as leader of the election committee in the Norwegian Agrarian Association.


John Deere Pavilion

The John Deere Pavilion is a landmark located in Moline, Illinois. The pavilion opened in 1997 as part of an urban renewal project. The pavilion serves as the official visitor center for John Deere, whose world headquarters are located a few blocks away. As well as being the visitor center to John Deere, the pavilion houses the largest retail store for John Deere merchandise.
Opened in 1997, the pavilion has drawn over 200,000 visitors annually. It is one of the top attractions in the region and contributed directly to the development of other corporate visitor centers such as Coca-Cola and Caterpillar Inc.. The pavilion is free to enter and full of activities for all ages. There are simulators, informational videos, building blocks, and plenty of equipment to climb in and explore.


Henry Augustus Field

Henry Augustus Field (1852 – 8 December 1899) was a Liberal Party Member of Parliament in New Zealand. By profession a surveyor, he retired in his late 20s due to rheumatism and became a farmer. He died in office just two days after having won his second parliamentary election.
Biography.
Field was born in Wanganui in 1852, the son of Henry Claylands Field (1825–1912) and his wife Margaret Symes Puslow. His father was a civil engineer from Holybourne, Hampshire, England, who had come to Wanganui in the early 1850s. H. A. Field received a private education at Wanganui. He became a survey cadet in 1868 and qualified in 1872. Together with his Christchurch cousin, D. H. Monro, he surveyed the Upper Whanganui River and the Taupo District immediately following the New Zealand Wars. He retired from surveying in 1878 as he suffered from rheumatism and moved to Waikanae, where he was farming.
On 28 October 1879 at Waikanae, Field married Hannah Erskine, the daughter of Thomas Wilson.
He won the Otaki electorate in the Horowhenua District in the 1896 general election. He was ill during the 1899 session and could not attend the parliamentary sittings on many occasions. Against medical advice, he contested the 1899 general election on 6 December, visibly ill at many of the meetings. He died two days after his re-election at his home in Waikanae. His brother, William Hughes Field, won the resulting by-election on 6 January 1900. Hannah Field died in September 1904.


John Barnard Bush

John Barnard Bush (born 1937) is an English farmer, landowner and Justice of the Peace. He was Lord Lieutenant of Wiltshire from 2004 to 2012, having previously served as the county's High Sheriff.
Early life.
The son of Barnard Robert Swanton Bush, of Norton St Philip, Somerset, and of Elizabeth Bush (née Weeks), Bush was educated at Monkton Combe School and Balliol College, Oxford, graduating BA and MA.
Career.
Bush is a career farmer, owning a mixed farm at Heywood in western Wiltshire.
He served from 1995 to 1999 as non-executive chairman of West Midland Farmers Association Ltd, a regional agricultural co-operative previously based in Melksham, Wiltshire. He oversaw its demutualisation in 1999 to become Countrywide Farmers plc, a farming, equestrian and rural supplies firm, continuing as chairman until 2004. When he retired from the post, Countrywide Farmers had 11,000 farmer shareholders and an annual turnover of £150 million.
He was appointed a Justice of the Peace for Wiltshire in 1980, as High Sheriff of Wiltshire for 1997–1998, and as a Deputy Lieutenant of the county in 1998. He served as Chairman of the Bristol Avon Flood Defences Committee from 1981 to 2000, and of the Wiltshire Magistrates' Courts Committee from 2001 to 2005, and was a Governor of Lackham College between 1986 and 1998.
In 2004, Bush was appointed as Lord Lieutenant of Wiltshire. He retired in 2012, at the age of seventy-five, to be succeeded by Sarah Rose Troughton, a cousin of the Queen. As Lord Lieutenant, he was also custos rotulorum, and his public duties included overseeing the arrangements for visits to Wiltshire by members of the royal family, representing the Queen at local events, such as presenting awards and medals on her behalf, liaising with the Wiltshire units of the Royal Navy, Army, and Air Force; leading the local magistracy as Chairman of the Lord Chancellor’s Advisory Committee on Justices of the Peace; and advising on nominations for national honours.
Bush is currently Patron of the Community Foundation for Wiltshire and Swindon, Chairman of Fredericks Wiltshire, and a Trustee of the Devizes Assize Courts Trust. His other interests have included chairing the Wiltshire Historic Buildings Trust and the Wiltshire Bobby Van Trust.
Personal life.
On 30 December 1961, Bush married Pamela Eve Irene Bagwell, the daughter of Lieutenant-Commander William Bagwell RN of Clonmel, County Tipperary and of Evelyn Irene Hamilton Wills, the only child of Sir Frederick Wills, 1st Baronet. They have two children, Alexander Hugh Barnard Bush (called Alex, born 4 October 1964) and Carolyn Louise Bush (called Carly, and born 18 July 1967). They also have five grandchildren, Morgan, Jasmine, Scarlett, Thomas and Lucy.
Pamela Bush died in 2021.


ITG Brands

ITG Brands, LLC is the third-largest tobacco manufacturing company in the United States. It is a subsidiary of British multinational Imperial Brands. ITG Brands markets and sells multiple cigarette and cigar brands and sells blu eCigs. The company was created in 2015 and has its production, headquarters, and regulatory compliance facilities located in Greensboro, North Carolina.
History.
ITG Brands was formed in June 2015 as an American subsidiary of British conglomerate Imperial Brands. After competing tobacco companies Reynolds American Inc. and Lorillard Inc. merged in 2015, they were required by the FTC to divest four cigarette brands. Imperial then acquired cigarette brands Winston, Salem, Kool, and Maverick along with blu eCigs from the Reynolds American-Lorillard merger for $7.1 billion. Cigar brands already owned by Imperial included Backwoods, Dutch Masters, and Phillies. David Taylor, the CFO of Lorillard Inc. pre-merger, became ITG Brands’ first CEO in 2015.
ITG Brands announced it would be closing the Reidsville manufacturing plant by April 2020, "affecting 117 manufacturing jobs." It will move manufacturing to Greensboro, North Carolina.
ITG Brands was one of three tobacco companies warned by the Food and Drug Administration that "they did not have the agency’s approval to claim that their products were free of certain harmful substances, or that they posed less risk to consumers than other tobacco products."
ITG Brands donated $25,000 to the North Carolina Disaster Relief Fund to provide relief for Hurricane Florence.
In 2019, Oliver Kutz was named as ITG Brands’ new CEO and president. He replaced Dan Carr, who had served as the second CEO and president for 16 months. Kutz previously served as Imperial Brand’s general manager of the Russia-AAAA (Americas, Africa, Asia, and Australia) Division.


Dumas Seed Company warehouse

The Dumas Seed Company warehouse, located in Pullman, Washington at 110 Whitman Street, is a steel pre-engineered structure that served for several decades as an agriculture storage facility for dry peas harvested from farms around the Palouse region. The warehouse served as a storage depot for a series of agricultural growers, before its conversion into an RV and boat storage facility in 2002 its current owners. Centrally located in Pullman's "Original Town Neighborhood," the structure is also central to the city's historical roots in agriculture and farming.
Peas on the Palouse.
Dry peas are an important rotation crop in the Palouse region, along with lentils and garbanzo beans. As a nitrogen-fixating plant, the legumes replenish the soil and enhance the area's wheat production. Farmers harvest the variety of peas planted on the Palouse after they are completely dry. The purpose of seed warehouses is to store the peas until the farmer is ready to sell them, either for a higher price or for supplemental operating funds. Local farms produce twenty-five percent of the nation's dry peas and lentil. During WW II, area farmers shipped 60 million pounds of dry peas to war-torn areas. Dry peas fulfill a variety of purposes for both human and animal consumption, including Campbell's split-pea soup packets and as a supplemental ingredient for animal feed.
Edwin A. Dumas.
Edwin A. Dumas purchased the seed warehouse to store dry peas in the early 1960s. Dumas, a long-time resident of Pullman whose father established the first commercial apple orchard in the state of Washington, began working in the agricultural industry as a field man for the Green Giant Company after high school graduation. In 1942, Dumas began his career in pea processing, working for Klemgard Pea Processing Company in Pullman. In 1959, he purchased a competitor's seed company, Washburn-Wilson Seed Co. of Moscow, Idaho, and then the Klemgard Company in 1960. He incorporated both companies into one, establishing the Dumas Seed Company of Pullman and Moscow. Dumas was a visionary for the industry, always looking for new uses for dry peas and lentils. Among his innovations was "Ed's Bread, which he created using his own recipes, and sold at the local IGA supermarket. He also pioneered the trade of dry pea products from the Palouse to Japan. With an original assessed value of $50,196, the building appraised at a value three times that when Ed Dumas sold it along with his company in 1976.
Building type.
The Dumas Seed Company warehouse is a Butler Building, constructed on a concrete foundation and floor with rigid-frame steel walls and roof. The Butler Manufacturing Company began building structures for the agricultural industry in 1907 when it introduced the galvanized steel grain bin, opening its Galesburg, Illinois facility in 1939 to meet government demand for the storage bins during the New Deal. After considerable success with grain bin production, the company branched out into pre-engineered buildings in 1939. Although not a new concept, engineers had previously considered the application of a pre-engineered rigid frame to prefabricated buildings as not feasible due to the complicated stress calculations required. Two engineers working for the Butler Company found a way to make it work and consequently contributed by producing a pre-fabricated, pre-engineered building that assembled easily, requiring less steel and labor than previous pre-engineered buildings. Steelworkers in Butler's Galesburg facility began manufacturing steel buildings after WWII. The company manufactured the components at the factory, and then shipped them via railroad to building sites where a concrete slab served as a foundation for the on-site assemblage of the building. The Butler Manufacturing Company continues to manufacture steel pre-engineered buildings today, including other factories and pre-engineered football practice facilities, warehouses, churches, offices, and airplane hangars.
Building design.
The large-scale, prefabricated steel Dumas warehouse, with its lack of ornamentation and clean simple lines, reflects a modernist architectural aesthetic. Architectural historians link modernist architecture to ideas of industrial production and works of a purpose-built nature expressing the "potential of the machine to deliver a product with precision and economy." The Dumas Seed Company warehouse exemplifies these attributes, and along with a build date in the early 1960s, it falls easily into the modernist category. While some may consider it an exaggeration to attribute architectural aesthetics to a warehouse, examples of earlier seed warehouses show that it was common to construct them in keeping with the architectural aesthetic of the time. For example, the B.B. Kirkland Seed and Distributing Company warehouse, built in 1916 with its tripartite exterior and frieze, common to many nineteenth and early turn-of the twentieth-century renaissance revival styles, reveals a different aesthetic than the Dumas warehouse. The lack of ornamentation and simplification of form emulated in the Dumas warehouse, often indicative of modern architecture,compares starkly with the Kirkland warehouse.
Significance.
The Dumas Seed Company warehouse, given its age, is eligible for consideration for placement on the National Register of Historic Places. While this is a commonly accepted criterion for placement on the register, preservationists must also determine the building's historical and/or aesthetic significance. As a recent-past structure not designed by an architect, therefore without architectural pedigree, the Dumas warehouse challenges the notion of what preservationists consider historically and/or aesthetically significant. Consideration of the building's historic significance requires what preservationist David Fixler suggests is a rethinking of "traditional notions of architectural conservation" concerning modern buildings. For example, the natural weathering of the steel roof requires a value placed on what John Ruskin calls the "golden stain of time." While most preservationists value the patina of a copper roof, the concept must extend to an industrial steel roof in this case. As Fixler suggests, this requires an appreciation for a different reason than aesthetic qualities. The building's patina reveals the passage of time as a point of historical significance, rather than aesthetic beauty.
The National Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-665) broadened the definition of historical significance beyond national significance to include structures that had meaning for local history, whether or not they were aesthetically pleasing or architecturally significant, in order to consider historic cultural significance. Title I of the legislation directed the secretary of the interior to create the National Register of Historic Places to include "sites, buildings, objects, districts, and structures significant in American history, architecture, archaeology, and culture" in the list of sites and properties of the past worth keeping. Suggesting that preservationists concern themselves with the total heritage of the nation, the law gave credence to preserving a building such as the Dumas Seed Company warehouse because of its broader significance as a cultural venue and an expression of vernacular architecture.
With a broader definition of historical significance than previously considered by preservationists, recent-past preservationists tend to emphasize socio-cultural contexts rather than the previous criteria of age, aesthetics and pedigree. Part of the "original neighborhood district" of Pullman, the Dumas Seed Company warehouse makes connections to the town's roots as a farming community. It celebrates the city's origins in agriculture, the significance the railroad played in its development, and can serve to celebrate the story of the working class. Dumas himself started as a field man, then worked his way up to become owner and president of the company. Preserving the story of agriculture on the Palouse is an important part of Pullman's everyday past.


Strathbogie Ranges wine region


Scoular

Scoular (), formally The Scoular Company, is a corporation based in Omaha, Nebraska dedicated to the buying, selling, storage, handling, transportation, and processing of grain and food ingredients. The company was founded in 1892 by George Scoular and was owned by the Scoular family until its purchase in 1967 by Omaha businessman Marshall Faith, who served as CEO for the next 23 years. At the time of Faith's purchase Scoular had 10 employees and operated three grain elevators, but grew considerably over subsequent decades and is one of the largest grain storage and handling companies in North America.
Scoular employs approximately one thousand people at 24 offices and 90 storage, handling, and processing facilities, mostly in the United States. In 2017 Scoular reported $4.3 billion in sales and more than one billion bushels traded.
Minneapolis-based data analytics company DTN began as a subsidiary of Scoular in 1984, later separating into an independent company led by founder Roger Brodersen.


M. K. Anwar

Mohammad Khorshed Anwar (known as M. K. Anwar; 1 January 1933 – 24 October 2017) was a Bangladesh Nationalist Party politician and a government minister of Bangladesh. He was a five-term Jatiya Sangsad member representing the Comilla-1 and Comilla-2 constituencies.
Career.
Anwar joined in the government service in 1953 as an officer of Civil Service of Pakistan (CSP). Until his retirement from government positions, he had served as the finance secretary and cabinet secretary. He joined Bangladesh Nationalist Party in 1991.
Anwar was first elected as a Jatiya Sangsad member for Comilla-1 at the 1991 general election. He was re-elected at the 1996 and 2001 general elections. He was a standing committee member of Bangladesh Nationalist Party. He served as the Minister of Agriculture under Second Khaleda Cabinet during 2001–2006. He was a vice-president of the party.
Lawsuits.
In 2014, Anwar was sued by Bangladesh Police for causing communal disharmony after he accused Bangladesh Awami League of burning Quran during Hifazat-e Islam protests, while proclaiming Hifazats innocence. In 2015, Bangladesh police filed a case against him over violence during the 10th national elections. In March 2017, arrest warrants were issued against him.
Death.
Anwar died on 24 October 2017.


KwaZulu-Natal coastal lowland forest

KwaZulu-Natal coastal lowland forest is a subtropical forest type that was once found almost continuously along the low-lying coastal areas of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It still exists in protected areas, but much has been cleared for sugar-cane plantations and housing developments.


Indian Institute of Millets Research

The Indian Institute of Millets Research (ICAR-IIMR) located at Rajendranagar (Hyderabad, Telangana, India) is an agricultural research institute engaged in basic and strategic research on sorghum and other millets. IIMR operates under the aegis of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). It conducts agricultural research on Millets breeding, improvement, pathology and value addition. IIMR coordinates and facilitates sorghum research at national level through the All India Coordinated Research Projects on Sorghum (AICRP on Sorghum) and provides linkages with various national and international agencies.
It was founded in 1958 first established under the Project on Intensified Research on Cotton, Oilseeds and Millets (PIRCOM) and was engaged in research on important dryland crops such as sorghum, castor, groundnut, pigeon-pea and cotton as well as sorghum-based cropping systems. The institute paved way for agricultural research in India during that time. The institute has now been upgraded as ICAR - Indian institute of Millets Research in 2014. The current Director is Vilas A. Tonapi.
Mandate Crops.
ICAR - IIMR performs crop improvement research, using conventional as well as methods derived from biotechnology, on the following crops: sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet, foxtail millet, little millet, barnyard millet, proso millet and Kodo millet.


San Rafael Department

San Rafael is one of the departments of Mendoza Province, Argentina. The seat of the department is in the city of San Rafael.
Administration.
The department is subdivided in 18 districts: Ciudad, El Cerrito, Cuadro Nacional, Las Malvinas District, El Sosneado (added in 2005, it used to belong to Cuadro Benegas, but then it was added as a district), Las Paredes, La Llave, Cuadro Benegas, Cuadro Nacional, Cañada Seca, Goudge, Jaime Prats, Monte Comán, Rama Caída, Real del Padre, Punta del Agua, Villa Atuel and Villa 25 de Mayo.


Ontario Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals

The Ontario SPCA and Humane Society (Ontario SPCA) is a registered Canadian charity focused on animal protection and animal advocacy.
The Ontario SPCA provides services in partnership with communities including provincial animal transfer, iAdopt and community-based animal wellness services.
In the spring of 2009, the Ontario SPCA introduced the model of high-volume spay/neuter to the Province of Ontario as the humane response to pet over-population. By the spring of 2019, Ontario SPCA spay/neuter services curbed the over-population by an estimated 5.3 million pets.
The Ontario SPCA follows an Open Admission For Life philosophy.
History.
The Ontario SPCA was founded as a charity in 1873 to prevent cruelty to animals. In 1919, the Ontario SPCA incorporated as a non-profit in Ontario and, in addition to fulfilling its charitable mission, accepted the role of enforcing provincial animal welfare legislation on behalf of the Government of Ontario.
Legislation.
From 1919 to 2013, no operational funding was provided by the province to enforce their provincial animal welfare legislation. In 2013, the first operational funding of $5.5 million per year was provided for province-wide service. In 2017, the amount was increased to $5.75 million annually.
Responsibilities.
In January 2019, an Ontario Superior Court Judge ruled that it is unconstitutional for the Province of Ontario to enact legislation that permits a private charity to have policing powers without government oversight. The decision was suspended for one year to allow the Ontario Government to transition to a new service delivery model. The Ontario SPCA was not a party to the suit. In February 2019, the Government of Ontario announced its decision to appeal the ruling.
March 2019, the Ontario SPCA initiated the transfer of enforcement services back to the province and offered a new operational model where the Ontario SPCA will provide animal-related support services to enforcement agencies. In addition, the Ontario SPCA offered a three-month transition phase of continued service to assist the Government of Ontario as they transition to a new enforcement model. The Ontario SPCA will complete their role in enforcing provincial animal welfare legislation for the province in June 2019. The decision to return the responsibility of legislation enforcement back to the government was made largely in light of the court's ruling and also in light of heightened safety concerns for Ontario SPCA Officers and concerns with current laws, such as breed specific legislation, conflicting with the mission of the charity


Spanish Mastiff

The Spanish Mastiff or Mastín Español is a breed of dog from Spain, originally bred to be a guard dog and whose specialized purpose is to be a livestock guardian dog protecting flocks and/or herds from wolves and other predators.
Historical context.
In medieval times, this dog has accompanied the herds of sheep crossing from northern to southern Spain, defending cattle from attack by wolves and other predators. The mastiff had the protection of chunky metal necklaces with skewers. Its function was primarily protective, unlike its fellow Carea dogs, whose function is grazing, driving the herds in response to indications of the shepherd. In some places it is known as "perro merinero" when it accompanies sheep of the Merino breed.
The first breed standard of the Spanish Mastiff was made by the FCI in 1946. In 1981 the Asociación Española del Perro Mastín Español was formed, who organized a breeding program looking for the kind of large and strong mastiff of the past times, and drafted a new breed standard focused on recovering the old cattle dogs, fit as pets, and as guard dog and defense.
Appearance.
The Spanish Mastiff is a very large and powerful dog, similar in appearance to the other mastiff breeds. They have a large powerful head and serious and vigilant expression.
Males in this breed are tall at the withers, and range from . Females are at least , and weigh .
It has small eyes and drop ears resembling triangles. This dog's coat is most often fawn, but it can also be brindle, black or 'wolf'-colored. Reddish tones indicate miscegenation.
Temperament.
This noble giant is aloof, dignified, calm and intelligent. It is devoted to its family and may politely accept strangers if it has been socialized properly, although it will be wary of them. It can be aggressive toward other dogs. The Spanish Mastiff may be a less-than-ideal pet in urban situations, where its booming voice and massive size could be problematic. It is a wonderful protector of its home and family.
Socialization and training should begin early to ensure this dog a stable and reliable pet. Supervised exposure in puppyhood to a variety of unfamiliar but non-threatening dogs will help dampen a tendency to aggression toward other dogs. The breed is quite alert and food motivated but can bore easily; training must be consistent and firm but gentle. Once the trainer has established the dog's respect as leader, the Spanish Mastiff will be an extremely loyal pet.
Exercise.
This dog is more inclined to lumber than gallop, but it can move quite rapidly when necessary. A long daily walk will be sufficient, although it will appreciate a fenced area where it can exercise at its own rate.
Varieties.
In addition to its considered "official" variety, which is the current and modern Spanish Mastiff framed in a rigid aesthetic pattern and recognized by the largest canine entities, there is also its more primitive, traditional variety, considered unofficial, that does not meet any aesthetic standards and has as its objective, still today, to serve its owners acting in the protection of flocks against predators. These unofficial strains, for the purpose of differentiation, are termed the Traditional Spanish Mastiff, Working Spanish Mastiff, Leonese Mastiff, and Wolf Dog. These unofficial strains continue to act actively in their original and primitive function.


Michael Wrigley

Michael Harold Wrigley (30 July 1924 – 13 January 1995) was an English first-class cricketer and British Army officer. After attending Harrow School during the Second World War, Wrigley served in the last year of the war with the Rifle Brigade. He later attended the University of Oxford, where he played first-class cricket for Oxford University Cricket Club (having also previously played for the Combined Services cricket team). He was recalled to the Rifle Brigade during the Korean War, before later serving in the Diplomatic Service, where he worked in the Far East.
Early life and first-class cricket.
Wrigley was born at Rostherne Manor in Rostherne, Cheshire. He was educated at Harrow School. After leaving Harrow he served in the latter stages of the Second World War, when he was commissioned into the Rifle Brigade as a second lieutenant in March 1944. A year after the conclusion of the war, he made his debut in first-class cricket for the Combined Services cricket team in a rain-affected match against Surrey at Kingston-upon-Thames in 1946.
He went up to Worcester College at the University of Oxford, where he made his debut for Oxford University Cricket Club in first-class cricket against the Free Foresters at Oxford in 1948. In that same year he toured Ireland with the Marylebone Cricket Club, playing in one first-class match against the Ireland cricket team at Dublin. Wrigley played first-class cricket for Oxford University until 1950, making fourteen appearances. Playing as a right-arm fast-medium bowler, he took 45 wickets for Oxford University at an average of 22.20, with best figures of 6 for 57. These figures were one of three five wicket hauls that he took during his first-class career, and came against Surrey in 1949 at The Oval. He gained a blue for cricket in 1949. He was a member of the Vincent's Club while at Oxford.
Later life.
In July 1951, during the Korean War, he was an recommissioned into the Rifle Brigade an emergency commission with the rank of lieutenant. He later worked as an intelligence officer in the Far East. He was later appointed as first secretary of British Embassay in Bangkok, in the service of which he was made an OBE in the 1971 Birthday Honours. Later in his life he was a farmer near Scarborough, North Yorkshire. He was a director of Pontefract Racecourse during the first half of the 1990s, a post he held until his death at Leeds in January 1995.


Cleveland Tractor Company


Dionilso Marcon

Dionilso Mateus Marcon (born 21 September 1964) sometimes better known as Deputado Marcon or Marcon is a Brazilian politician as well as a farmer. He has spent his political career representing his home state of Rio Grande do Sul, having served as state representative since 2011.
Personal life.
Marcon is the son of Antonio Marcon and Celia Marcon. Before becoming a politician he worked as an agriculturalist on a farm.
Political career.
Marcon voted in opposition to the impeachment of then-president Dilma Rousseff. He voted in against the 2017 Brazilian labor reform, and would vote in favor of a corruption investigation into Rousseff's successor Michel Temer.


Stracciatella di bufala

Stracciatella di bufala () is a cheese produced from Italian buffalo milk in the province of Foggia, located in the southern Italian region of Apulia, using a stretching (pasta filata) and a shredding technique.
Description.
Stracciatella cheese is composed of small shreds—hence its name, which in Italian is a diminutive of "straccia" ("rag" or "shred") meaning "a little shred".
It is a stretched curd fresh cheese, white in colour, and made the whole year round, but is thought to be at its best during the spring and summer months.
This "stracciatella" is unusual in that buffalo herds and the cheeses made from their milk are much more common over on the western side of the Apennines in Lazio and Campania.
When mixed with thick cream, stracciatella is also used to make burrata (Italian for "buttered"): this is a rich, buttery textured cheese which comes enclosed in a bag of mozzarella and is thought to have been originally created in the early 20th century in Andria on the Murgia plateau. It is also now made outside Italy, especially in the United States and Argentina. Since neither stracciatella nor burrata keeps well even when refrigerated, these cheeses need to be consumed promptly, while they are still soft and fresh.


Oberhasli goat

The Oberhasli is a modern American breed of dairy goat. It derives from the subtype of Chamois Colored Goat from the Oberhasli district of the Bernese Oberland in central Switzerland. All purebred members of the breed descend from five Chamois Colored Goats imported to the United States in 1936. A breeder's association was formed in 1977, and a herdbook established in the following year. Until then, goats of this type had been known as Swiss Alpine, and interbred with Alpine goats of other types.
History.
Goats of Oberhasli type were imported to the USA in 1906 and in 1920, but these goats were not bred pure and the bloodlines were lost. In 1936, H. O. Pence imported five Chamois Colored Goats from Switzerland to the United States; all purebred Oberhasli in the USA descend from these. Until the 1970s these animals were registered as Swiss Alpines. Crossbreeds with French Alpine or American Alpine stock were registered as American Alpines.
An association of breeders, the Oberhasli Breeders of America, was formed in about 1977. In 1978 or 1979 the Oberhasli was accepted as a breed by the American Dairy Goat Association (ADGA). A purebred herd maintained with records by Esther Oman, a breeder in California, was the foundation of the new breed. In 1980 the ADGA retrieved part-bred Oberhasli-type goats from its other herdbooks.
In 2010 a total of 1729 head, distributed over approximately 30 states, was reported to DAD-IS, based on data from one (unspecified) breed registry only.
Characteristics.
Standards for the Oberhasli are published by the American Dairy Goat Association and by the American Goat Society.
The coloring of the breed is called "chamoisée" or "chamoisee" for its perceived resemblance to the colors of the wild Alpine chamois. The coat is bay or mid-brown, with black markings consisting of two black facial stripes through the eyes to the muzzle, a black forehead, a black dorsal stripe or mule stripe, and black belly and lower limbs. Does, but not bucks, may also be solid black.
The Oberhasli milk production record per lactation is .


Concha y Toro

Concha y Toro is the largest producer and exporter of wines from Latin America and one of the 10 largest wine companies in the World, with more than 33 millions of cases sold per year in 2014, distributed in 135 countries. Concha y Toro Winery is located in Santiago de Chile, but the company has vineyards in Chile, Argentina and the United States, with more than 10.000 cultivates hectares in 2016. Casillero del Diablo and Don Melchor wines have international recognition. As of 2010 is one of the official sponsors of the English football club Manchester United F. C.
History.
XIX century: aristocratic origin.
The Concha y Toro Vineyard was founded by Don Melchor de Santiago Concha y Toro, VII Marquess of Casa Concha and ex-Minister of Finance, and his wife, Emiliana Subercaseaux, in 1883. To start the winery, he brought grape varieties from the Bordeaux region in France. The grapes that he brought were: Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Merlot, and Carmenère.
Not only the origins of Concha y Toro are connected to Chilean nobility and aristocracy. Currently the Viña Concha y Toro continues in the sphere of the Marquesado de Casa Concha, and is additionally controlled by the Guilisasti and Larraín families. Nowadays the directory of the company is composed by the present Marquess of Casa Concha, a Chilean diplomat and ambassador Mariano Fontecilla de Santiago-Concha, great-grandson of the founder. In 1999, the company's president Alfonso Larraín Santa María claimed the title of Marquess of Larraín in Spain. His mother, the current Marchioness, gave Larraín the power to claim the title.
Vineyards and factories of Concha y Toro in Pirque, Santiago Metropolitan Region, are connected by roads with names such as "Marqués de Casa Concha" or "Conde de la Conquista", noble titles connected to the history of the company.
Nobility connections
XX century: expansion.
The vineyard was incorporated as a stock company in 1923 and shares were sold in the Santiago Stock Exchange, until today. Concha y Toro began exporting wine in March 1933 to the port of Rotterdam, the Netherlands. In 1950, the winery began to acquire more vineyards and also began the process of adapting its business to new markets and meeting a higher demand.
In 1966, the "Casillero del Diablo" brand, the company's hallmark, was inaugurated, and in 1987 the company's first ultra-premium wine, "Don Melchor", was launched. In these years the company begins to expand. Viña Maipo, was acquired in 1968; Viña Cono Sur, created in 1993; Trivento Bodegas in Argentina, founded in 1996; or the joint venture signed with Château Mouton Rothschild, for the production of Viña Almaviva, founded in 1997, among other.
In 1971, Eduardo Guilisasti Tagle became Chairman of the Board, who succeeded in expanding the company. In 1987, after partnering with U.S. importer Banfi Vintners, the company started to incorporate more advanced technology in all of its production stages. It also started using small French oak barriques. In 1994, shares of Viña Concha started trading on the New York Stock Exchange, until his cessation in 2018.
XXI century: globalization.
At the beginning of the 21st century, the company internationalized operations: in 2001 opened a trade, logistics and distribution office in United Kingdom, and then offices in other 11 countries: Brazil, Canada, China, United States, Finland, Japan, Mexico, Norway, Singapore, South Africa and Sweden, which would join the existing offices in Chile and Argentina. In 2010 a sponsorship agreement was signed with the English club Manchester United F.C. In this respect, Manchester United 2020 sponsorship director, Sean Jefferson, said: "Manchester United's relationship with Casillero del Diablo has been one of the most extensive and successful partnerships we ever had. The synergy between the two brands have led to a natural alliance", especially due to equivalence of their symbols and distinctive seals.
In 2011 Concha y Toro bought in United States Fetzer Vineyards, for a value of US$238 million. The transaction included the buy of various Fetzer subsidiaries vineyards, such as Bonterra Vineyards, Five River Wines, Bel Arbor Winery, Jekel Vineyards, and Little Black Dress Wines, which became property of Concha y Toro.
More recently Concha y Toro has advertising campaigns in Discovery Channel, and subsidiary Trivento Vineyards is sponsorship in the Major League Soccer, and has reached sponsorship agreements with football club Inter Miami CF.
Grape varieties.
Concha y Toro produces several varietals:


Neot HaKikar

Neot HaKikar () is a moshav in the northern Arava valley in Israel established in 1970. Located immediately south of the Dead Sea, at an elevation of "below" sea level, it falls under the jurisdiction of Tamar Regional Council. In it had a population of .
Neot HaKikar was the site of the Neot HaKikar disaster, one of Israel's worst natural disasters.


Land Appeal Board

Land Appeal Board () is a quasi-judicial government body that is responsible for hearing appeals filed over land management in Bangladesh. It advises the government on issues concerning land management and land administration. It is responsible for evaluating decisions made by land courts, upazila chairmen, and upazila members. Its judgments concerning land and law are final and cannot be appealed.
History.
The Land Appeal Board functions were originally incorporated in the Board of Revenue of the East India Company founded in 1772. The Board of Revenue continued to function independently until the Independence of Bangladesh in 1971 when its duties were assigned to the Land Administration and Land Reforms Division under the Ministry of Law and Land Reforms. In 1973 the Land Administration and Land Reforms Division became the new Ministry of Land and the Board of Revenue was abolished. The Land Appeal Board was created through the Land Appeal Board Act 1989 which passed through the parliament and was signed into law by the President of Bangladesh on 31 May 1989. The Board of Land Administration was split into two boards, the Land Appeals Board and the Land Reform Board. It is governed by a chairman and two members of the board.


Conservis Corporation

Conservis Corporation is a Minneapolis-based company that provides enterprise resource planning software to farmers.
History.
The company was founded in 2009 when four farmers asked Pat Christie and Eric Jackson for help with workflow management. Prior to this, the company was planning to enter the energy enterprise software and emissions trading sector but decided to not enter it due to the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 not getting through the US Congress.
Business.
Conservis manages over $8 billion in land, equipment and crop assets at all stages of agricultural production to improve financial performance. The company’s cloud-based software as a service (SaaS) platform offers business-oriented farms the ability to track field activities, manage resources and make better decisions. It provides a wide range of software products for inputs management, harvest management, planning, budgeting, work orders and analytics. It currently does business in the United States, Australia, Russia, Ukraine and Argentina.
The company has raised $30 million to date in its Series A and Bridge rounds. It is preparing for a Series B funding round. Its investors include Cultivian Sandbox, Middleland Capital, Pontifax AgTech, Florida Gulfshore Capital, Heartland Farms and the Broe Group.
Conservis has collaborated with Iteris to provide weather data and analytics to farmers.


Chestnut Run Farm

Chestnut Run Farm is a winery in Pilesgrove Township in Salem County, New Jersey that produces Fuji apple and Asian pear wines. The apple and pear trees were first planted in 1986 as part of a specialty produce farm. Chestnut Run began sales of its wine in 2007, and opened a tasting room in 2012. Chestnut Run has 5 acres of fruit trees under cultivation, and produces 700 cases of wine per year. The winery is named for the Chestnut Run, a stream that borders the farm.
Wines.
Chestnut Run Farm is in the Outer Coastal Plain AVA, and produces wine from Fuji apples and eight types of Asian pears, including Hosui, Yoinashi, and Shinko. It is the only winery in New Jersey that produces wine from Asian pears, which are a fruit indigenous to China, Japan, and Korea.
Licensing and associations.
Chestnut Run has a farm winery license from the New Jersey Division of Alcoholic Beverage Control, which allows it to produce up to 50,000 gallons of wine per year, operate up to 15 off-premises sales rooms, and ship up to 12 cases per year to consumers in-state or out-of-state. The winery is a member of the Garden State Wine Growers Association and the Outer Coastal Plain Vineyard Association.


Arbigland

Arbigland Estate in the historical county of Kirkcudbrightshire, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, lies on the coast of the Solway Firth, to the south-east of Kirkbean. It is the birthplace of John Paul Jones, the founder of the US Navy. There is a birthplace museum in the cottage where he was born, donated by the Blackett family to the John Paul Jones Museum Trust in 1997.
Classical mansion.
The classical-styled Arbigland House was built in 1755 by the improving laird and gentleman architect William Craik (1703–98). His daughter, the poet and novelist Helen Craik (1751–1825), lived there until 1792. She was a friend and supporter of Robert Burns, who dined at the House. William's illegitimate son, James Craik, was the first Physician General of the United States Army and personal physician of George Washington. It is a Category A listed building.
Gardens.
The gardens have been included in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland.<ref>


Walter Gill

Walter Gill FLS (13 October 1851 – 17 July 1929) was a forestry administrator in South Australia.
History.
Gill was born in Northamptonshire, England, a son Rev. Walter Gill, Independent minister in Parkstone, Dorset, England.
He was employed in the banking business from 1869 to 1876, when he emigrated to South Australia.
He joined the South Australian Public Service in August 1884 as sub-inspector of credit selections, then in 1886 was appointed chief forester at Wirrabara. In 1890 he was promoted to Conservator of Forests, which he retained until December 1923, when he retired.
His successor was Edward Julius.
He was the first person to realise the commercial potential of "Pinus insignis" (now radiata).
He was also noted for his private garden, Dover Street, Malvern.
Family.
Gill married Elizabeth Frances Hiddlestone (c. 1862 – 31 January 1916) of Launceston, Tasmania on 12 October 1885.
Tom Gill ISO (1849–1923), Under-treasurer of South Australia for many years, has been described as a brother. This is contradicted by the names given of their respective parents and birthplaces.


Noreena Downs Station

Noreena Downs Station, often referred to as Noreena Downs, is a pastoral lease that has been used as both a sheep station and a cattle station.
It is located about north of Newman and south of Marble Bar in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.
The property was pioneered by A.W. Townshend and comprised ; Townsend used it to graze cattle. Townshend and Jarman put the property on the market in 1910 then in 1911 it was purchased by Hardie, Walker, McLarty and Haynes. They introduced sheep to the property and by 1914 had a flock of 7,000 sheep and 3,000 cattle. In 1916 the station was stocked with 9,000 sheep. By the 1930s Noreena Downs was owned by Hardie and Middleditch and was a million acre sheep station running about 30,000 sheep.
Currently the property is owned by the Paull family and occupies an area of . The Paulls have been at Noreena Downs since 1981, when Tex and Tub Paull acquired it in partnership. By 1983 the Paulls owned the property outright although it was run down with no paddocks, working water points or homestead. They introduced a mixed herd of cattle, mostly Brahman and Droughtmaster.


Gavan Herlihy

Gavan Herlihy (born 16 January 1947) is a former New Zealand politician. He was educated at St. Kevin's College and University of Canterbury. He was a member of Parliament for the National Party from 1996 to 2002.
Before entering politics, Herlihy was a farmer.
Member of Parliament.
Herlihy was first elected to Parliament in the 1996 election as MP for Otago, and was re-elected in the 1999 election. In the 2002 election, he lost narrowly to David Parker of the Labour Party.
This loss was surprising to many commentators, as the Otago region has traditionally regarded as a safely in National hands. Herlihy narrowly missed out on becoming a list MP, being two places below the cut-off line.
After parliament.
On 1 July 2011 Herlihy was appointed to the board of Landcare Research.
Herlihy is involved in rural support trusts.


Aroma (winery)

Aroma is a Moldovan wine producer from Chişinău.
Winery.
The Joint Stock Company AROMA, one of the largest wineries in the Republic of Moldova, celebrated in 1998 the first centenary of its history. It is situated in the center of the capital of the Republic, Chişinău. During the years, the winery has been known by different names. The present name appeared in 1983, when the Association of production "AROMA" was created. In January 2000, the winery have received the statute of the Joint Stock Company "AROMA".
Reception and distillation of wine materials for divin (cognac), production and bottling of divin and wine are made in the name of the Company.


Baladi rabbit

The Baladi rabbit is an Egyptian rabbit that has been bred to cope with the Egyptian climate. It is used primarily for meat production, much like the Bauscat rabbit.
Baladi rabbits come in three coat colors: black, red, or white. These rabbits weigh approximately 2.7 kg (6lb) and a typical litter consists of 5-6 kits.
Their head is convex, eyes are black, ears are erect, feet and legs are medium in length, and their tails are short and straight. Baladi rabbits are docile and are adjusted to hot climates. They live in valleys that are about 15° to 35°C and about 25 to 75% relative humidity.
The Baladi Black rabbit weights 6 pounds. The Baladi Red rabbit weights 6.2 pounds. The Baladi White rabbit weights 4.3 pounds. All the rabbits have short fur and erect style ears. They are not recognized by the American Rabbit Breeders Association or the British Rabbit Council.