Pennsylvania School of Horticulture for Women

The Pennsylvania School of Horticulture for Women was one of the first horticultural schools to be established by and for women in the United States, opening on February 10, 1911. As the second institution to provide women with a practical education in horticulture and landscape architecture, it made possible their entry into a professional field. Although some men were employed in faculty positions, the school's leadership was intentionally female. As of 1919, the board of trustees consisted of twenty-five prominent women citizens. All but the last director of the school were women.
The school played a "unique role" in women's history and garden history. Members of the school were instrumental in the establishment of the Garden Club of America (1913), the Woman's National Agricultural and Horticultural Association (1914), the Woman's Land Army of America (1917), and the publication of the "Farmer's Digest". It served as a national and international model for other institutions, such as the Keisien School in Japan.
In 1958, the school merged with Temple University Ambler and became co-educational.
Foundation of the school.
Jane Bowne Haines.
The school was founded by Jane Bowne Haines (1869-1937). Haines was born into a well-off Philadelphia Quaker family with an established tradition of horticultural practice, which enabled her to educate herself about horticulture. She studied formally at Bryn Mawr College and the New York State Library School in Albany, New York. Working in the fruit and shade-tree nursery on her family's estate in Cheltenham, Pennsylvania, she became determined to found a school of practical horticulture for women in the Philadelphia area. It was a pioneering effort, preceded in the United States only by the Lowthorpe School in Groton, Massachusetts.
While travelling in Europe, Haines visited women's schools in England and Germany. She was particularly inspired by two horticultural colleges in England, the Studley School near Reading, and the Swanley Horticultural College near London.
In 1910 Haines purchased the 71-acre McAlonan farm near Ambler, Pennsylvania, as the site of the proposed school. A colonial farmhouse on the acreage was renovated to provide offices, staff space, a classroom, and a dining hall.
The school was formally chartered by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania as of 1910. A board of trustees was formed, of which Haines became president. Other board members included Mira Lloyd Dock, who wrote the school's constitution, Elizabeth Leighton Lee, Emma Blakiston, and Ann Dorrance. A principal, Mary D. Collins, and a full-time instructor, Miss E.D. Varley, were hired.
The first class was held on February 11, 1911, welcoming five students. The "classroom" was so small that the teacher had to stand in the doorway to lecture. The second year class in 1914 had four students, with 10 new students entering. At the end of the first two years, three students completed the program. They had to wait until 1915 for official commencement ceremonies.
By 1915, a second building was built, with a proper classroom on the first floor, and dormitory space on the second floor. The women students lived on campus, either rooming in the small college dormitory, or boarding in houses nearby.
Louise Carter, a student in the second graduating class, of 1915, and later the fourth director of the Pennsylvania School, describes its perceived importance:
Elizabeth Leighton Lee.
Elizabeth Leighton Lee became director of the Pennsylvania School of Horticulture for Women in 1915, and led the school during World War I (See more below). Lee is considered the first woman practitioner of landscape architecture in the Philadelphia area, and is credited with beginning the landscape design program at the school. In 1925, the school also hired Markley Stevenson as a faculty member. Stevenson had studied landscape architecture at Harvard. By 1934, under the direction of faculty member James Bush-Brown, the school offered a 2-year "Preparatory course for Professional Study in Landscape Architecture". The program's design component included nine hours per week of freehand drawing, drafting, and the history of gardens in the first year, and nine hours per week of freehand drawing, landscape construction, and planning design in the second year. Graduating students were eligible for advanced admission to the Cambridge School of Domestic and Landscape Architecture (later Smith College).
Louise Carter Bush-Brown.
Under Louise Carter Bush-Brown's direction, from 1924-1952, the campus continued to expand. A new dormitory was built in 1929, holding 50 students. New greenhouses were added in the 1930s. In the 1940s, the Blakiston property, 116 acres, was purchased and added to the school. In 1951, Bush-Banks donated her personal collection of 16th Century herbals to the school, as a cornerstone of the new Hilda Justice Memorial Library. Bush-Brown also arranged collaborative programs with the Cambridge School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (later Smith College Graduate School) for the granting of degrees.
Louise Bush-Brown published several books on gardening, including the best-selling "America’s Garden Book" (1939), a collaboration with husband and faculty member James Bush-Brown. Under her leadership, the school also published the "Farmer's Digest", enabling faculty and students of the school to reach out to a broader public.
Curriculum.
The school was intended to offer women real professional opportunities, in areas including horticulture, garden design, estate management, farming, and education. To ensure that women would have the skills needed for a career in horticulture or agriculture, the school provided both theoretical and practical training. Students were expected to "learn-by-doing", spending two hours working in the school's gardens and orchard for every hour of study spent in the classroom.
Courses offered at the school eventually included
book-keeping,
botany,
business management,
farm management,
floriculture,
garden design,
horticulture,
landscape architecture,
orchard care, and
soil chemistry.
Students were trained to grow and use flowers, fruits, ornamental plants, shrubs, and vegetables. The program of study also included optional courses on bee keeping, canning, raising poultry and dairy animals, and practical carpentry.
Gardens.
The grounds were used by students and faculty to develop trial gardens of various styles. In 1916, eight students under the supervision of Elizabeth Leighton Lee created the Colonial Revival garden as the first project in landscape architecture at the school. A naturalistic Woodland Garden of flowering trees, shrubs, and spring bulbs dates to the 1920s. A Formal Perennial Garden was designed in 1931 by James Bush-Brown and Beatrix Farrand. This tradition continues today with gardens such as the Ernesta Ballard Healing Garden and the Albright Winter Garden on the Ambler campus.
Impact.
The Pennsylvania School of Horticulture for Women was a generative place, fostering progressive ideas, programs and associations with far-reaching impact.
The Garden Club of America.
A number of those concerned in the founding of the Philadelphia School of Horticulture for Women were also members of the Garden Club of Philadelphia. The Garden Club of Philadelphia was established in 1904 by Mrs. J. Willis Martin and Miss Ernestine Goodman, with the first official meeting being at Andalusia, the home of Mrs. Charles Biddle. The first president of the Garden Club of Philadelphia was Ellen Stuart Patterson (Mrs. C. Stuart Patterson) in 1908.
The members of the Garden Club of Philadelphia reached out to other organizations to form the Garden Club of America (GCA) in 1913. Women such as Louisa Boyd Yeomans King (Mrs. Francis King), who had formed the Gardeners Club of Michigan in 1912, were important in this work.
Woman's National Farm & Garden Association.
In May 1914, the first official meeting of the Woman's National Agricultural and Horticultural Association, later known as the Woman's National Farm & Garden Association (WNF&GA) was held at the Pennsylvania School of Horticulture for Women. Its organizers included Jane Bowne Haines, Louisa Boyd Yeomans King, Elizabeth Leighton Lee, Elizabeth Price Martin and Hilda Loines. Once again, the organizers were inspired by international efforts, in this case the British Women's Farm and Garden Union, which had been established in 1899. The association's mission was to "promote agricultural and horticultural interests among women, and to further such interests throughout the country." The first annual conference of the Woman's National Agricultural and Horticultural Association included a number of speakers, including King, of Alma, Mich., the president of the association; Miss Martha Van Rensselaer, director of home economics at Cornell University; and Mrs. J. Willis Martin of Philadelphia, president of the Garden Club of America, among others.
The Woman's Land Army of America.
During World War I, the Pennsylvania School of Horticulture for Women was significantly involved in starting the Woman's Land Army of America, which mobilized nearly 20,000 women to work in America's agricultural sector. "The Saturday Evening Post" commended Elizabeth Leighton Lee and the school, stating that "the graduates of Miss Lee's school have a wonderful chance to serve their country, for they are the material that should make the officers in our volunteer agricultural army". Women in the program were known locally as the "Ambler Farmerettes". Among other activities, the school held "War Courses" for Captains and Lieutenants of Land Army Units. In 1918, fourteen students represented the school in a defense parade in Philadelphia, carrying signs such as "Hens Against Huns" and "Don't Let it Rot - You'll Need it".
Merger.
In 1952, the school received provisional accreditation as a junior college. In 1957, under its fifth director, Jonathon French, the Pennsylvania School of Horticulture for Women changed its name to Ambler Junior College, and was given the right to grant Associate of Science degrees. In 1958, the school partnered with Temple University, later Temple University Ambler. In doing so, it became co-educational. Temple Ambler dates its beginning to the first classes held at the Pennsylvania School of Horticulture for Women in 1911.
Historic recognition.
The School was recognized by the placement of a historic marker at 580 Meetinghouse Road, Ambler, Pennsylvania, on September 20, 2002. Known as the Haines House, the original school building is the oldest building on the Temple Ambler campus, dating to 1760.
To celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the school, Temple University Ambler published a commemorative book: "A Century of Cultivation 1911-2011: 100 Years from the Pennsylvania School of Horticulture for Women to Temple University Ambler".
Faculty, staff and students.
Significant people associated with the school include the following:
Faculty.
William R Hale Sr was a Teacher and care taker of School of Horticulture for Women from 1954 to 1975
son also William R Hale Jr worked also as Maint. Man.


Emmanuel Chenda

Emmanuel Tawanda Chenda (born 25 December 1952) is a Zambian politician and diplomat. He served as Member of the National Assembly for Bwana Mkubwa between 2011 and 2016. He also held the posts of Minister of Agriculture and Livestock, Minister of Commerce, Trade and Industry and Minister of Local Government and Housing between 2011 and 2015. In November 2017 he was appointed Ambassador to neighbouring Zimbabwe.
Biography.
Chenda studied for a certificate in mediation and arbitration, a diploma in accountancy and a post-graduate diploma in development finance and worked as an accountant. In 1986 he was appointed Treasurer of Lusaka City Council, before sering as Town Clerk of Ndola between 1991 and 2001.
Chenda contested the Bwana Mkubwa seat in the 2001 general elections as the Forum for Democracy and Development candidate, but was defeated by Paul Katema of the Movement for Multi-Party Democracy. He ran again in the 2011 general elections representing the Patriotic Front (PF) after the incumbent PF MP Joseph Zulu was expelled from the party, and was elected to the National Assembly.
After being elected, Chenda was appointed Minister of Agriculture and Livestock. In February 2013 he was made Minister of Commerce, Trade and Industry, In March 2014 he became Minister of Local Government and Housing. He lost his place in the government in February 2015 when new President Edgar Lungu appointed a new cabinet.
Chenda did not run in the 2016 general elections and was succeeded as MP for Bwana Mkubwa by PF candidate Jonas Chanda. In November 2017 he was appointed Ambassador to Zimbabwe.


Cereza

Cereza (Spanish for "cherry") is a white Argentine wine grape variety. Like Gewürztraminer and Pinot gris, Cereza is a pink skinned variety. It is a crossing of Muscat of Alexandria and Listan negro.
History.
Like Criolla Grande, Pais and the Spanish Mission grape that was widely in North and South America, ampelographers believe the grape was likely introduced to Argentina by early Spanish settlers. By the mid to late 20th century, Cereza, Criolla and Pais together accounted for more than a third of all grapevines planted in South America. The high yields and prolific nature of the vine contributed to its spread with around 40,000 hectares (100,000 acres) planted by the 1980s but since then its numbers have been slowly declining. By 2003, its numbers had dropped by nearly a quarter to 30,760 ha/76,000 acres.
Wine regions.
While the grape was once widely planted through Argentina, today it is mostly found in the San Juan province and eastern Mendoza region.
Viticulture and winemaking.
After centuries in Argentina, the Cereza vine has adapted to the hot, arid condition and with irrigation became a reliable producer of crops for harvest. Compared to the related, red-skin Criolla Grande, Cereza has a noticeably lighter, pink skin with larger berries that contribute very little color phenols during maceration. As such, the wines produced from Cereza are almost always white with some "rosés" also being produced.
Wine styles.
Cereza produces deeply colored white and "rosé" wines that are usually intended for early consumption. According to wine expert Jancis Robinson, the wines can be fairly "rustic" and of basic quality, especially when yields are high (and they can often be in excess of 200 hectoliters/ha). In addition to wine production, the grape is often used in the production of grape concentrate used in winemaking.
Synonyms.
Cereza is also known under the synonyms Ceresa, Ceresina, Cereza Italiana, Cerise, and Chereza.


Arthur Townshend Boscawen

Reverend Canon Arthur Townshend Boscawen (9 July 1862 – 17 July 1939) was from 1893 the Rector of Ludgvan, Cornwall, UK, and a recreational and commercial horticulturalist who introduced the "anemone" as a commercial crop to Cornwall.
Family.
Arthur Townshend Boscawen was born in Hanover Square, London, the ninth of twelve children of the Rev Hon John Townshend Boscawen (1820–1889) and Mary Tremayne (died 25 November 1895), the daughter of John Hearle Tremayne MP for Cornwall and owner of the Heligan estate, near Mevagissey. His father was the Rector of Lamorran, a keen gardener of (it was said) one of the finest gardens in Cornwall. His uncle was Evelyn Boscawen, 6th Viscount Falmouth who was developing the garden on his estate at Tregothnan.
Boscawen married at St Andrew's Church, Plymouth, on 2 September 1902, Christian Anna E Chapell-Hodge (1866– 13 November 1940), eldest daughter of Mr and Mrs Chapell-Hodge of Plymouth. They had two daughters:
Career.
He initially considered the army for a career but opted for the church, and following a short period working in the Diocese of Bristol he was based at Buckland Monachorum, Devon for five years before moving to Ludgvan in 1893. In 1917 Boscawen had the rank of Temporary Chaplain to the Forces, of the 1st Battalion, Cornwall Volunteers Regiment. In 1933 he was appointed canon of Truro Cathedral and was also a Justice of the Peace.
Gardening.
The garden of the Rectory, in Ludgvan, was first laid out by William Borlase when he was the rector in 1722. He planned to grow exotic species sent to him by his uncle who was a captain in the service of the East India Company in Bengal, India. Boscawen had similar plans and was sent trees and shrubs from New Zealand. Material for the garden was provided by some of New Zealand's botanists, including Thomas Cheeseman, and by his eldest brother, John Hugh Boscawen who was employed by the New Zealand Forest Service. There was also a network between local gardens and gardeners with the transfer of plants and seeds. These included Arthur Dorrien-Smith's garden at Tresco, Morrab Gardens and Penlee Park in Penzance and Eagles Nest, Zennor. Little of the original garden survives, the three winters of 1938, 1939 and 1940 were severe and many of the more tender trees and shrubs were killed, although some of the planting remains including the palms ("Trachycarpus fortunei"), the tallest measuring tall. Boscawen did not leave a list of his plantings but research by Anne Boscawen shows that there were 290 acquisitions of plants. Boscawen also introduced many new plants to the botanical garden at Tregothnan.
Horticulture.
Boscawen spent much of his time on the propagation of shrubs from cuttings and seeds. In 1912 he was awarded a Gold Medal and The Gardeners' Chronicle Cup for New Plants for varieties of New Zealand manukas' ("Leptospermum scoparium" var Nichollsii). A variety of daffodil was named, ″Karenza (Cornish for love) was named after his second daughter and a second variety was named ″Ludgvan″. Both varieties appear to be no longer available. It is thought that Boscawen collected seeds of "Anemome" while on holiday in the Mediterranean and in 1925 gave of white, woolly seeds to the nearby Gulval Experimental Station. The first commercial crop was despatched to Covent Garden which filled a gap in the farming year between cauliflower and "narcissi". Cauliflower is known as broccoli in Cornwall and he helped local production by introducing seed from Bavaria, to improve the local varieties.
He was awarded the Victoria Medal of Honour in 1922 by the Royal Horticultural Society.
Death.
Arthur Townsend Boscawen died 17 July 1939 at the Rectory and is buried at the Church of St Paul, Ludgvan. There is a monument to him inside the church.


Vladimir Staroselski

Vladimir Aleksandrovich Staroselski (; – 26 August 1916) was an Imperial Russian official who served as the Governor of the Kutais Governorate from May 1905 to January 1906. A graduate of the Petrovsky Agricultural Academy (), he was a known agronomist who had helped stop the spread of phylloxera in Georgia in the 1880s, and was well-known to the Georgian intelligentsia. Appointed governor of Kutais in May 1905 to help with the Republic of Guria peasant revolt, he was asked to help in land reform, one of the key demands of the uprising. He proved too liberal in his dealings, and on the orders of Tsar Nicholas II was removed from his position in January 1906.


Nagambie Lakes wine region

Nagambie Lakes is a subregion of the Goulburn Valley wine region in the Australian state of Victoria. Lake Nagambie on the Goulburn River is the largest waterbody in the region, and Nagambie is the main town.
The first vineyards and winery were established in the area in 1860. Tahbilk was the original winery, and still produces some wine from vines planted in the 1860s. Mitchelton Wines is another significant winery, established in 1969.
The key varieties in the region include shiraz, chardonnay, cabernet sauvignon, sauvignon blanc, marsanne and merlot. Slightly more red than white wine is produced. The soil is rich in iron oxide, and is both well-draining and moisture-retentive.


Broad Street Market

The Broad Street Market, founded in 1860, is located in the Midtown neighborhood of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania in the United States. Originally established on Broad Street (now Verbeke Street) by the Verbeke family, it is today one of the oldest continuously operating farmers markets in the country.
History.
On April 20, 1860, William K. Verbeke drew up papers to incorporate the West Harrisburg Market Company, in what was then considered West Harrisburg. The market is actually two separate structures. The older "Stone Market" house was completed in 1863 and held the name "West Harrisburg Market House". The "Brick Market" house was built between 1874 and 1878. For many years, a "Wood Market" extended between these two remaining buildings.
During the American Civil War, the market helped to feed the 300,000 Union soldiers who mustered through nearby Camp Curtin.
In 1979, ownership of the market was transferred to the City of Harrisburg, which operated the market until 1996 under a city-appointed agency. In 1996, the city completed a $2.5 million award-winning restoration of the Market complex, which was designed to reposition it as a successful and growth-oriented retail enterprise. In 1999, the City completed an additional $380,000 improvement to the stone market house.
It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
List of current vendors.
The following are a current list of vendors as found on the Market's website:


King Ranch (Tully River Station)

King Ranch (Tully River Station) was a major cattle fattening ranch established in 1963 in the Wet Tropics of Queensland. It was developed by Bob Kleburg, a descendant of the King family of Texas, USA. Kleburg was offered a lease by the Queensland Government on of land, which at the time was largely covered in lowland tropical rainforest. It is sited on the traditional lands of the Dyirbal people. The land was made available to Kleberg by the government for A$5 per acre for forest and A$2 per acre for open field with the pre-development conditions that the land be cleared, seeded to pasture and necessary infrastructure established within 5 years of the project's commencement. It was agreed that the land would be appraised by government experts within 5 years of completion of the work and if deemed to have been raised to optimum production levels King Ranch would buy the land as freehold at the price stipulated for it's former undeveloped condition. All timber from the clearing operations were reserved for use and sale by the Queensland Government.
The arrangement between the Queensland Government and Kleberg initiated a major project to systematically clear the area of every tree and boulder upon the property with dynamite and bulldozers whilst filling in swamps to ensure that freehold conditions could be met within the 5-year period. After this livestock numbers increased from nil to almost 30,000 within around 10 years leading to King Ranch becoming the then largest tropical cattle property in Australia. The Ranch's Australian operation were divided up and sold off for considerable capital gain in the late 1980s after the death of Klegberg with the area largely being converted to banana and cane farms.


Garth Morrison

Sir William Garth Morrison, (8 April 1943 – 24 May 2013) was the Chief Scout of the United Kingdom and Overseas Territories from 1988 to 1996 and was a member of the World Scout Committee from 1992 to 2002. He also spent twelve years in the Royal Navy.
Background.
Education and military service.
Morrison attended Pangbourne College where he was Chief Cadet (i.e. head boy) and Captain of the English
Schools Rugby Football Union (15 group). He continued his education at the Britannia Royal Naval College in Dartmouth where he was awarded the Queen's Telescope and Pembroke College, Cambridge, where he graduated in 1966 with a Bachelor of Arts. In the Royal Navy he served as an Engineer Officer, retiring in 1973 with the rank of Lieutenant at which time he took over the running the family farm in West Fenton, Scotland.
Scouting service.
After retiring from the Royal Navy Morrison subsequently began a number of Scouting appointments. He was named Area Commissioner for East Lothian the same year and was then appointed Chief Commissioner for Scotland in 1981. During this time he attended the 15th World Scout Jamboree in Canada. In 1982 he was awarded Scouting's Silver Wolf Award.
After acting as Deputy Leader of the United Kingdom contingent at the 16th World Scout Jamboree in Australia in 1987, he was appointed Chief Scout in 1988, a position he held for eight years. He was a reforming Chief Scout. During his tenure girls were admitted to Scouting and rules and uniforms were relaxed.
Farming.
Morrison's farm in West Fenton, East Lothian provided grains for brewers and distillers in Scotland.
Awards.
Morrison was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE), for services to Scouting, in the 1994 New Year Honours.
On 30 November 2007 Morrison was appointed to the Order of the Thistle by Queen Elizabeth II.
In 2008, Morrison was awarded the "Bronze Wolf", the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting.


Boyd Dawkins

Maynard Boyd Dawkins (2 January 1917 – 21 October 1996) generally known as "M. B. Dawkins" or "Boyd Dawkins", was a sheep breeder, choirmaster and politician in the State of South Australia.
History.
Dawkins was born in Stirling West the only son of Albert Maynard Dawkins of Gawler River and his wife Mary (née Yeoman). The Dawkins family were early settlers of Gawler, and well known in the area.
He studied at Roseworthy Agricultural College, where his father was a board member, He was, like fellow parliamentarian Leslie Rupert Hart, a breeder of Dorset Horn sheep.
He was president of the Gawler Men's Branch of the Liberal and Country League, and was a successful Liberal candidate for a Midland seat on the Legislative Council in March 1962, successfully made the transition to the new Legislative Council in July 1975 when, by the Act of 1973, the State reverted to voting as one electorate, with proportional representation. He retired in November 1982.
Other interests.
Dawkins was a teetotaller; an active member of the Methodist Church and the Band of Hope; following a long family tradition.
He was a fine bass-baritone, a member of the Adelaide Philharmonic Choir, who studied under Clifford Lathlean, and conductor of the notable Gawler Choral Society.
Personal.
He married Constance Lilian Wilkinson on 24 August 1943. A son, John Dawkins, born 3 July 1954, followed his father as a member of the Legislative Council in 1997, and remains a member to the present day. On 8 September 2020, John was elected President of the Legislative Council.
A nephew also called John was a politician from the Australian Labor Party and was Federal Treasurer in 1991 to 1993.


Paramount Farms


Ochagavia Wines

Ochagavia Wines () is a Chilean winery, located in Macul, Santiago. The winery was founded in 1851 by Don Silvestre Ochagavía Errázuriz, an industrialist of the mining and agriculture. He visited to Europe and studied the latest winemaking. After his study, he went back to Chile, bringing the new style to Chilean wine by the grapes from Bordeaux, France. The red grapes were Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Malbec, Pinot noir etc. and the white grapes were Chardonnay, Sauvignon blanc, Sémillon, Riesling etc. Thus the winery contributed to change Chilean wine history, and the founder is referred to as "the father of modern Chilean winemaking".
Vineyards.
Ochagavia Wines owns several vineyards in the region "Central Valley" and "Aconcagua". In Central Valley's Maipo Valley, they cultivate Cabernet Sauvignon for their highest ranking "Gran Reserva" and in Central Valley's Rapel Valley, Merlot for "Gran Reserva". In Aconcagua's Casablanca Valley, Chardonnay for "Gran Reserva". They use over 80-year-old trees for "Gran Reserva Cabernet Sauvignon".


Vittal Rai

Vittal Rai (25 October 1935 – 19 December 1995) was an Indian scientist, professor and administrator. He was the fourth Vice-Chancellor of the University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (1991–1994). His scientific specialism was bio-fertilisers and he authored a significant number of books based on his research.
Among the many honours he received was a Chief Minister's Rajyotsava Award in 1994.
Early life and education.
Vittal Rai was born into a Tulu-speaking family at Palthad, a small village near Puttur in South Canara (present-day Dakshina Kannada) district. He was the second of three children born to N. Jathappa Rai and Palthad Shubravathi Rai. His father died when he was three years old.
Rai's primary education was at Primary Board High School in Bellare. He did his college education in Aloysius College, Mangalore. He then went on to the University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, where he completed his bachelor's degree in agriculture. He did postgraduate studies in plant microbiology from the same university then proceeded to the United States, where he completed a second postgraduate degree in ecology and his doctoral studies in plant pathology.
Career.
Rai started his career as an associate professor at the Montana State University, Montana, US. After working in the US for five years and living there for 13 years, he decided to move back to India in 1973.
In India, Rai was offered several jobs in banks and other corporations, but he chose to teach at the University of Agricultural Science in Bangalore as an associate professor. He was promoted to Professor and Head of the Microbiology Department in 1978 and held the position till he retired in 1995.
He was also appointed as the Vice Chancellor of University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, from November 1991 to November 1994.
Personal life.
Rai was married to Lavanya, daughter of Ullipady Ramnath Marla and Kumudhini Marla, in 1968. The marriage was a traditional Indian arranged marriage. They had two sons their names were Vihar Ramnath and Vikas Jathappa. He had two grand children named Viana Sharla and Vidhan Balvit.


Celle State Stud

Celle State Stud is a state-owned facility for horse breeding in Celle, Germany. The State Stud of Celle, located in what is now known as Lower Saxony, was founded in 1735 by order of George II, King of Great Britain, Elector of Hanover and Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. Its purpose was to make high-quality stallions available to local breeders. Several wars affected not only the safety of the horses, but the types of stallions housed there. Celle's history is intertwined with the history of the Hanoverian horse breed, but the breed registry is privately owned and is an entity independent of the stud. Today the state stud is known for its annual stallion parades.
History.
The Lower Saxony State Stud of Celle was founded on July 27, 1735. Celle's foundation is unique among the state studs of Germany, because it was not originally based on a royal stud or courtly stables. It was established by the decree of King George II of Great Britain, also the Elector of Hanover and Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg. Although it was established by this royal decree, the stud has always been "exclusively for the improvement of horse breeding for farmers." The quality of local stock had a direct impact on the safety of a sovereign region. In times of war, cavalry horses were recruited locally from farmers, and the quality of remounts affected the outcomes of battles. Furthermore, nobles wanted quality riding horses for personal use and harness horses for carriage transport. Poor quality local stock meant that nobles had to rely on importation for quality horses. Establishment of a state stud meant that fine riding and driving horses could be purchased locally, reducing trade dependence on other autonomous regions. The first sires to stand there were 12 black Holsteiners. Young stallions were generally imported from Mecklenburg and England. Despite the close connection between Hanover and Great Britain, Thoroughbred horses could not play a role in the founding of the stud, as the breed was in its infancy in Celle's own early years. Pedigrees were recorded in Celle's studbooks as early as the end of the 18th century.
Napoleonic wars.
The Napoleonic Wars, from 1803 to 1815, decimated horse populations, including those at the State Stud of Celle. In 1803, the 100 stallions living at Celle had to be evacuated to Mecklenburg, of which only 30 returned. While the war was responsible for the loss of many horses, horse breeding expanded to meet the needs of the cavalries, such that the population of stallions at Celle had returned to pre-war numbers within 15 years. In the aftermath of the wars, King George IV assisted in the repopulation of the State Stud of Celle with about 50 of his own stallions. These stallions, which came from his private stables, were stationed in various parts of his kingdom and utilized by locals. In 1829, King George IV discontinued this practice, and purchased 26 excellent stallions for Celle.
Thoroughbred influence.
The pedigrees of Thoroughbreds were first organized on a large scale by the General Stud Book in 1791, effectively creating the original breed registry for Thoroughbreds. Within fifty years, the rising prominence of the breed and the personal union between Hannover and Great Britain saw an influx of Thoroughbred and part-Thoroughbred stallions. Further use of Thoroughbred stallions is credited to the state equerries of the mid-19th century. The state equerry is a government position which oversees activities related to the horses of a region. From 1866, the state equerries of Hannover were two brothers, August and Frederick von Spörken, who imported over 100 Thoroughbred-influenced stallions from England. These stallions were used to breed larger, more refined, more energetic and enduring mounts. Ultimately, nearly a third of the sires at Celle were Thoroughbred or of Thoroughbred extraction. This demographic resulted in horses that were too physically and temperamentally refined for farm work, and a period of consolidation followed this explosion of Thoroughbred influence.
World Wars I and II.
World War I raged between 1914 and 1918. During this period, warring nations avidly developed new advantages in the form of mechanized warfare. Simultaneously, demand for cavalry horses during the war itself was high, and Celle helped meet this demand by increasing the number of stallions available at the main stud and its outposts from 350 to 500 by 1924. The prestige associated with the cavalry made many nations slow to replace them, but the role of the horse in warfare dwindled steadily with the advent of tanks. Without the armed forces to purchase their stock, breeders around Celle began to cut back, and then to refocus. Between the First and Second World Wars, horses primarily fulfilled agricultural roles, such as pulling plows and farm machinery. This market change was not limited to any one part of Germany, and as a result, Celle supplied breeders with heavier, stronger stallions with which to breed their mares. To cope with the expansion of horse breeding during this period, new outposts of the State Stud were established.
This change did not endure, as another bout of human ingenuity was spurred on by World War II, which lasted from 1939 to 1945. One of the outcomes of the war was mechanized agriculture. In particular, widespread access to tractors all but eliminated the need for farm horses. Mechanization of transportation, warfare, and agriculture eliminated, in succession, the working horse. What remained in the wake of World War II was riding for fun.
Modern Celle.
In 1945, what remained of the refined Trakehners evacuated East Prussia, fleeing from Russian troops. Some of these elegant horses made their way to Celle, and as breeding aim changed to feature the riding horse, many were incorporated into the stud farm. Since 1945, many Thoroughbreds and Trakehners, and some Anglo-Arabians, have occupied stalls at the State Stud at Celle. Today, 140 stallions including 10 Thoroughbreds, 2 Anglo-Arabians, 2 Trakehners, and 3 ponies serve approximately 8000 broodmares per year. Since the 1980s, private stallion ownership in Hannover has steadily increased, however over 60% of Hanoverian mares are still served by the state-owned stallions of Celle.
Stallion Parade.
On the last two weekends in September and the first weekend in October, the State Stud of Celle puts on a stallion parade or "hengstparade." The parades are a major tourist attraction every year. The tradition of exhibiting all the state-owned sires to the public began in 1908. Stallions perform in a variety of acts, some showcasing their performance capabilities in dressage or show jumping demonstrations, while others are shown in-harness. Highly coordinated, color-matched drill teams are perennial favorites. The parade is an opportunity for the stud to showcase the less competitive talents of the stallions, as well. Stallions may be driven in groups of up to thirteen at a time, or in trick-riding formations called "Roman riding." For many years, the solid black Escudo II performed tricks on cue with a handler, without a saddle or a bridle.
Affiliations.
In order to make state-owned stallions available to residents outside of Celle itself, stallions stood at a number of stallion depots, which were scattered throughout Lower Saxony. Today, such regional breeding centers are located in Aurich, Dorum, Landesbrück, Oberndorf, Bargstedt, Roydorf, Verden, Ankum, Süstedt, and Adelheidsdorf. Each of these regional centers administers subordinate stallion depots. In 1800, there were no fewer than 50 service stations, all told. Other stud farms have also played roles in Celle's history. In 1824, the Braunschweig State Stud of Bad Harzburg-Bündheim was founded. Along with the State Stud at Osnabrück-Eversburg founded in 1925, the Braunschweig State Stud was dissolved in 1961. The stallions stationed at these studs were relocated to Celle. Some state-run horse facilities, while connected with Celle, do not stand stallions. A facility at Hunnesrück at Solling is devoted to the rearing of up to 40 young stallions of each vintage, preparing them for licensing.
Modern-day Celle has a close affiliation with the Hannover University of Veterinary Medicine. This link has made Hanoverian stallions frequent subjects and beneficiaries of research into equine artificial insemination, embryo transfer, and fertility.
Adelheidsdorf.
Perhaps the best-known of Celle's outposts is the Stallion Performance Test Center at Adelheidsdorf. Young stallions which have been licensed by the Hanoverian stallion commission based on their conformation, movement and jumping prowess, attend a rigorous ridden performance test to achieve lifetime approval. A certain number of the young Hanoverian stallions are candidates to stand at Celle, pending their completion of the 11-month performance test at Adelheidsdorf. Today, most performance tests for warmblood stallions are 30 days or 70 days long; Adelheidsdorf's nearly year-long examination is exceptional.
The first stallion performance test by Celle was in 1927. Over the years, the demands of the stallion test have been changed to reflect the needs of the breeders, whether the market required a versatile driving and cavalry horse, a farm horse, or a riding horse. Today, shorter tests for ponies, draft horses, and specialty breeds such as Fjord horses are also held at Adelheidsdorf.
Licensing, a process by which a panel of experts determines whether a young stallion is suitable for breeding, began in association with the State Stud at Celle in the mid-19th century. Locals complained that there were many privately owned stallions of poor quality offered at stud in the Kingdom of Hannover. In 1844, under Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover, an ordinance made it illegal to accept money for stud services of a privately owned stallions without the stallion being inspected and issued a license by a royal committee, the "Körkommission". The original "körkommission" was composed of two to three landowners, a cavalry officer, and a veterinarian. This process had the desired effect of eliminating major heritable defects, and helped Celle remain the most prominent source of breeding stallions.
Herrenhausen.
Herrenhausen was a royal property, used as a summer house, which bred its own strains of well-known horses for ceremonial use. Cream-colored carriage horses, possibly of Persian extraction, with the distinct Baroque type fashionable for the time, had been bred at Herrenhausen well before George II of Great Britain first brought them to England. Napoleon stole a number of the Hanoverian creams, and used them to pull his carriage at his coronation. The Hanoverian creams, and a strain of white horses, were sold after Herrenhausen's breeding activities were dissolved in the 1920s.
Important sires.
Celle has stood a number of important sires, including many founders of the Hanoverian breed, including Zernebog (sometimes written Zerneborg or Zemeboq). Zernebog was born in 1845 in Pomerania, with a Thoroughbred sire – Jupiter xx – and damsire. He stood at Celle from 1848 until his death in 1871. Today he is represented by a male family so large that it had to be split in two: the F-line and the W-line. These families are represented in dressage by Olympic medalists including Wansuela Suerte, Weltall, Farbenfroh, Woycek, and in the dressage breeding legacy of Weltmeyer. Another Pomeranian stallion, Jellachich, stood at Celle from 1850 to 1866. While he is not represented by modern male descendants, his daughter produced, by Zernebog, the stallion Fling, who propagated the F and W lineages. Similarly, the bay Mecklenburger Norfolk, who stood at Celle from 1849 to 1871, is counted among the foundation sires of the Hanoverian horse because of his contribution through his daughters rather than his sons.
Apart from Zernebog, several early Thoroughbred stallions who founded lasting dynasties in the Hanoverian genepool were selected to stand at the State Stud of Celle. The earliest, a chestnut sired by Adonis xx, was Adeptus xx, who served mares at Celle and its outposts from 1884 to 1904. Adeptus's descendants through the male line were named, according to custom, with the initial letter "A" for several generations, and was then switched to "E." His modern-day descendants include Eiger, 1996 Hanoverian Stallion of the Year. Eiger himself is the sire of Espri, sire of the recently cloned show jumping champion E.T. FRH, and of Escudo I and Escudo II, who are known for versatile, conformationally-correct offspring. In the wake of Adeptus xx, during a period in which Celle relied heavily on Thoroughbreds, came Devil's Own xx. Devil's Own was foaled in 1887, and stood at Celle from 1894 until 1906. His descendants include the Olympic jumper Deister and the all-important Donnerhall. Another descendant, Duellant, founded important sire lines outside of Hannover. Finally, there was Goldschaum xx born in 1891, whose descendant Goldfisch II has survived in the male line to modern day. The important sires in this family include Grande, Gotthard, and Grannus, himself a descendant of Grande. These stallions have all had unusual starts to their careers: Gotthard, and his offspring, are notoriously slow to mature, and he was nearly passed over for his ugly-duckling appearance. Grannus, fiery and magnetic, was written off by some breeders because of his petite offspring. It wasn't until his children started jumping the highest jumps the world had to offer that his true talent showed. Olympians from this line include dressage stars like Isabel Werth's Gigolo, Graf George in the United States, show jumpers like Graf Grande, Genius, and Goldfever.
Stallions of note from the 20th and 21st century that called Celle home have included the Trakehners Absatz, Lateran, and Semper Idem; Thoroughbreds Der Löwe xx, Pik As xx, Black Sky xx, Lauries Crusader xx, and Prince Thatch xx; the Anglo-Arabian Matcho X; and the Hanoverians Espri, Escudo I and II, Weltmeyer and Wolkentanz.


The Wine Group

The Wine Group (TWG) is the world's 2nd largest wine producer by volume with 53 million cases annually. Founded in 1981, TWG is a management-owned organization consisting of vineyards, wineries, bottling and production facilities throughout California – as well as in New York and Australia.
Brands.
The Wine Group produces over 100 brands including: Franzia, Cupcake, Cupcake LightHearted, 7 Deadly, Chloe, Imagery, Benziger, AVA Grace, Tribute and many others.
Management.
As of 2021, key management includes:
Cate Hardy, Chief Executive Officer
John Sutton, Chief Financial Officer
Jeff Dubiel, Chief Marketing Officer
Brott Ritzel, Chief Operating Officer
Jim Evans, Chief Sales Officer
Keith Bauman, Chief Legal and Human Resources Officer
Amy Hoopes, Chief Strategy and Growth Officer
History.
The TWG story began in Ripon, California back in 1906 when a young Italian immigrant couple, purchased 80 acres of land and planted their first vineyard. Giuseppe and Teresa Franzia, sold their grapes and shipped them by train to customers in Chicago and the East Coast. At the same time, they were also growing their family – five sons and two daughters. As one of California Central Valley’s most successful growers, the Franzia’s were also doing a fair amount of socializing. Prominent people of the day, including A.P. Giannini, founder of the Bank of Italy, later the Bank of America, would stop by and enjoy Teresa’s homemade pastas paired with Giuseppe’s wines.
Then Prohibition hit. The frustration took its toll on Giuseppe and this period found him spending six months of every year in Italy. Meanwhile, Teresa kept busy. Recognizing opportunity, as soon as prohibition was repealed, she went to San Francisco, met with A.P. Giannini, secured a $60,000 loan against the family vineyards, and started the Franzia Brothers Winery.
In 1973, the Franzia Brothers sold their winery to Coca-Cola Bottling of New York, which also owned the Mogen David Wine Company. The company hired Art Ciocca as the CEO of their new wine division. By the summer of 1981, Coca-Cola Bottling was ready to sell, and sensing opportunity again, Art and six of his employee-partners, formed The Wine Group and purchased the assets, including Franzia, Mogen David and Tribuno Vermouth.
With the sale, The Wine Group lost the purchasing power of Coca-Cola, and its volume discount for glass, which made it impossible to compete against larger volume wineries. So, with that same entrepreneurial spirit that they were founded on, The Wine Group gambled on new packaging, the bag-in- box, and today, Franzia Box Wine is one of the most popular wines in the world!
In 2002, Concannon Winery joined The Wine Group portfolio. With a rich history dating back to 1883, Concannon’s leadership in establishing Cabernet Sauvignon in California, was a perfect fit as The Wine Group moved into the premium wine market. TWG’s expansion into premium wine continued with the 2014 launch of Chloe Wine Collection, and again in 2015, acquiring Sonoma Valley’s Benziger Family Winery.
Cupcake LightHearted, Ava Grace, Imagery, and Tribute are their most recent launches, while recent acquisitions include 7 Deadly and Beso del Sol. The Wine Group also entered into a licensing agreement to sell Beringer Main & Vine, Beringer Founders' Estate, Coastal Vineyards, Meridian.


ANZCO Foods

ANZCO Foods or simply ANZCO (formally ANZCO Foods Ltd and previously the Asian New Zealand Meat Company Limited) is a New Zealand meat producer fully owned by the Japanese company Itoham Foods, which in turn is part of Itoham Yonekyu Holdings. In 2016, ANZCO Foods was New Zealand's fifth-largest exporter, with a turnover of NZ$1.5b, and 3,000 employees.
History.
ANZCO started as a company in 1984 under the legal name Asian New Zealand Meat Company Limited owned through the New Zealand Meat Producers Board by individual farmers and led by Graeme Harrison. In 1989, Itoham Foods and ANZCO formed a 50–50 partnership and founded Five Star Beef, a company that operates a feedlot in Wakanui near Ashburton; this is New Zealand's largest feedlot and mainly exports to Japan. In 1995, the ANZCO management team led a buy-out of the company from the Meat Producers Board, with Itoham Foods taking a 48.3% minority shareholding and another Japanese company, Nissui (Nippon Suisan Kaisha Ltd), taking a smaller shareholding. Through that buy-out, the initial investment of NZ$350,000 returned over NZ$40m to the original owners. ANZCO Foods started operating under the new ownership arrangement on 17 August 1995.
In 2015, founder Harrison announced that he intended to retire in the near future. This was accompanied by a restructure in shareholding. With approval from the Overseas Investment Office (OIO), Itoham Foods increased its shareholding from 48.3% to 65% and paid just over NZ$40m for these transactions. The seven smallest shareholders were all offered to sell. Harrison himself sold down from just over 20% to 14%. Nissui sold part of its stake at this point (which made up just over 50% of the share transfer) with the balance coming from New Zealand shareholders.
In late 2017, Itoham Foods received OIO approval to become to sole owner by obtaining the remaining 35% shareholding. Nissui held 16.8% at that point, and Harrison and other managers held 18.2%. Itoham Foods is a subsidiary to Itoham Yonekyu Holdings. Itoham is publicly listed and 39% owned by the Mitsubishi Corporation. Harrison retired from the company after the March 2018 annual general meeting; he had been at the helm of the company for 34 years, first as managing director and then as chairperson.
Governance.
Chairperson:
Chief executives:
Land holdings.
ANZCO Foods holds land in ten locations in New Zealand.


Lake Way Station

Lake Way Station is a pastoral lease that once operated as a cattle station and now operates as a sheep station in Western Australia.
Situated approximately south east of Wiluna and north of Leinster in the Mid West region. The ephemeral lake, Lake Way is partly situated within the station boundaries on the northern side, where it adjoins Lake Violet Station.
Gold was found in the area in 1896 by a party of four prospectors that travelled from Cue. The men started the "Black Swan Mine". Pastoralists followed soon after and properties were established running sheep and cattle.
The station, along with many others, was flooded that year after heavy rainfall in 1900 from a tropical depression that had crossed the coast in the North West.
Acquired by the Lake Way Pastoral company in 1924, 3,300 Bungaree ewes were introduced to the property shortly afterward. The property had an area of about in 1925. The property had recently been acquired by the Lake Way Pastoral Company. The main shareholders directors of the Company were the Williams brothers, Herbert Lukin and the Sermon brothers. Messrs Lukin and Williams owned Lake Way in 1926 when 4,000 sheep were delivered. Approximately 10,000 sheep were railed into the Wiluna area in the early part of the same year.
In 2004 the property was owned by the Lupton family who had been experiencing feral dog attacks on their sheep.


Dwarf Hotot

Dwarf Hotot is a breed of domestic rabbit characterized by an entirely white coat, except for a circle of another color around each eye.
History.
The Dwarf Hotot is one of the more recent breeds to be recognized by the ARBA, gaining acceptance in 1983. It has never been without a strong following, but also has never been among the most popular breeds. There's an unusual story behind this breed's development.
The much larger Blanc de Hotot was produced in the early 1900s in an effort to produce a black-eyed white rabbit for meat and fur. In that era, large rabbits were valued for their commercial value. But in later years, big bunnies went out of style and people started pursuing dwarf breeds.
In the 1970s, one breeder in East Germany and one in West Germany started working on a Dwarf Hotot, completely independent of one another. One crossed a REW Netherland Dwarf to a Blanc de Hotot; the other didn't use a standard Hotot at all, but crossed a black Netherland Dwarf to a Dutch and bred out markings until only the eyebands remained. The two strains were eventually united to produce the breed we know today.
This “eye of the fancy” is of compact type and has a gentle rollback coat. Unlike the Polish, which as similar body type, the shoulders are supposed to be as wide as the hips, and not show any taper. The head set is not as high on the shoulders as that of a Netherland Dwarf, but should not rest on the table either. The head is bold and broad. Ears are carried in an upright V shape, and are disqualified if over 2 ¾ inches in length. The eyes are encircled with narrow bands of colored fur. Ideal eyeband width equals the thickness of two pennies, and the bands of color are even all around the eye. Weak or streaky eyebands are faulted, but a complete break in the band is disqualified.
For many years, the only accepted variety was white with black eyebands. In the year 2006, chocolate banded Dwarf Hotots were accepted by the ARBA. The black and chocolate banded bunnies are shown together, but the color must be specified on the registration forms. Blue-band Dwarf Hotots have also been in development, and are currently in the process of being accepted by the ARBA.
The Dwarf Hotot is strictly a fancy breed. At 3 pounds max, they are too small to be of commercial value. Temperaments can range from outgoing to moody, but as a rule they are friendly rabbits and well suited to a pet life.


China Green Agriculture

China Green Agriculture, Inc. (; ) is based in Xi'an, China. It became the first Chinese company listed on the New York Stock Exchange market. It is also the first Chinese company to list on NYSE Euronext markets in 2009. It became a public company in 2008. China Green Agriculture produces and distributes humic acid based liquid compound fertilizer. Mr.Zhuoyu Li is the chief executive officer of China Green Agriculture.
History.
China Green Agriculture was incorporated on February 8, 1987, through its indirect wholly owned subsidiaries, TechTeam Jinong Humic Acid Product Co., Ltd. (Techteam) and Xi’an Jintai Agriculture Technology Development Company (Jintai), is engaged in research, development, manufacture and distribution of humic acid organic liquid compound fertilizer in 27 provinces in China. Humic acid is an essential natural, organic ingredient for a balanced, fertile soil, and it is one of the major constituents of organic matter. Techteam has automated humic acid production lines in China. It has a multi-tiered line of 119 fertilizer products. Techteam’s wholly owned subsidiary, Jintai, was formed for researching and developing humic acid fertilizers. In the process of testing Techteam’s fertilizers, it produces agricultural products, including flowers, vegetables, and colored seedlings, which are sold to middle and high-end consumers across China.
Business segments.
China Green Agriculture has two business segments: the research, development, production and distribution of humic acid organic liquid compound fertilizer, and the development, production and distribution of agricultural products, such as fruits, vegetables, flowers and colored seedlings. The fertilizer business is China Green Agriculture's main business, which generated 83% of its total revenues during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2008 (fiscal 2008). China Green Agriculture's business is conducted through its indirect wholly owned People's Republic of China-based operating subsidiaries, Techteam (for the fertilizer business) and Jintai (for the agricultural products business). Jintai is wholly owned by Techteam.
Jintai.
Jintai produces various categories of products: Flowers include principally Cymbidium and Phalaenopsis. Those two kinds of flowers are mainly distributed to the middle and high-end consumers in Shaanxi Province and its adjacent areas. Their seedlings are distributed across the country, especially the southern regions of China. Green vegetables and fruits include principally, Holland cucumbers, sweet and colored pimientos and eggplant and Japanese watermelons, which are distributed to middle and high-end consumers in Shaanxi Province, especially in Xi'an city. Multicolored seedlings include principally, photinia serrulata, which are distributed to customers across China.
Fertilizers.
China Green Agriculture’s humic acid organic liquid compound fertilizers contain humic acid as one of their major ingredients and its products are certified as Green Food Production Material by the China Green Food Development Center. It developed 13 types of fertilizers during fiscal 2008, which includes Guokangmei Green Nutriment Fertilizer, Jinong Zhuangshi, Libangnong Humic Acid Potassium Fertilizer, Zhimeizi Organic Liquid Compound Fertilizer, Yichongwang No.1, Suxiao Chongshifei, Boron Fertilizer, Calcium-rich Fertilizer, Potassium-calcium Anti-cracking fertilizer, Yuzhuang, Wangting, Yelvbao and Libangnong. It distributes its fertilizer products through 480 distributors in 27 provinces in the People's Republic of China.
Competition.
China Green Agriculture competes with China Agritech, Inc., Qiqihar Fuer Agriculture Co., Ltd., Heze Exploitation Region Caozhou Chamurgy Co., Ltd., Guangxi Beihai Penshibao Co., Ltd., Western Lanhua Company, Ningdong Branch of State Forestry Administration, Sanbao Horticultural Company, Tianjin Goods Company, Shanghai Crystal Company, Beijing Sanyi Company, Jinri Company, Yunnan QianHui Company, Zhejiang Senhe Company and Jiangsu Xiaoshan Zhongtian Technology Company.


Koop Dairy

Koop Dairy () is a Turkish Cypriot dairy products company located in Nicosia, Cyprus.
History.
KOOP, was founded by 21 farmers in a village near Nicosia in 1958 under the name of Dairy Products Company. Company moved to its current headquarters in Ortakoy in 1962.
The company was purchased by the Cooperative Central Bank (Koop Bank) in 1968. After the purchase name of the company changed to its current name, Koop Süt.
Products.
During the first few years of production, the company was producing using only sheep milk. Company's main operational fields are dairy products and fruit juices. Currently the company produces the following products:


Rosecomb

The Rosecomb is a breed of chicken named for its distinctive comb. Rosecombs are bantam chickens, and are among those known as true bantams, meaning they are not a miniaturised version of a large fowl. Rosecombs are one of the oldest and most popular bantam breeds in showing, and thus have numerous variations within the breed. An ornamental chicken, they are poor egg layers and not suited for meat production.
History.
The Rosecomb is one of the oldest bantam breeds of chicken. The earliest surviving records of the breed are from the 14th century in Britain, though it may have another point of origin. Their popularity as an ornamental breed first took flight after King Richard III began to raise them. Their popularity among poultry enthusiasts continued in to the 19th century, and Rosecombs were shown at the first North American poultry exhibition in 1849, as well as being admitted in to the first edition of "American Standard of Perfection" in 1874. Today their widespread keeping by breeders persists.
Characteristics.
Rosecombs are almost exclusively kept for competitive poultry showing, and their characteristics reflect this. Males generally weigh and females . The breed's eponymous trait is its rose comb, which is large compared to its overall body size. They also sport relatively substantial white earlobes, prodigious tails, and a compact body shape. In addition to these general characteristics, Rosecombs appear in 25 different colour variations, though black, blue, and white are the most common.
Selective breeding solely for appearance has produced birds with striking appearances, but poor egg laying ability, carcasses unsuitable for eating, and some reproductive problems. Due to a genetic trait tied to rose combed chickens, roosters may have low fertility. Hens rarely are inclined to brood their own clutches, and chicks have high mortality rates. However, adult birds are generally hardy and active. Unlike the majority of chickens, Rosecombs are good fliers. They are also usually friendly birds, but cocks may be aggressive.


T. J. Maher

Thomas Joseph Maher (29 April 1922 – 19 April 2002) was an Irish politician and farmers' leader.
He was born on a small farm near Cashel, County Tipperary in 1922. He was educated locally and became a member of Macra na Feirme. He was a founder member of "National Farmers' Association" (later the Irish Farmers' Association) in 1955. He became the President of the IFA in 1967. In 1977 he became president of the Irish Co-Operative Organisation Society (ICOS).
He was first elected to the European Parliament at the 1979 European election for the Munster constituency as an independent and was re-elected at the 1984 and 1989 elections. He stood unsuccessfully as an Independent candidate at the 1981 general election in the Tipperary South constituency. He retired from politics at the 1994 European election. He was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Limerick in 1997.


Tornjak

The Tornjak (), also known as Bosnian Herzegovinian - Croatian Shepherd dog, is a livestock guardian dog native to Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. The name comes from the local word for a sheep pen, "tor". The foundation stock is made up from genetically homogeneous landrace shepherding dogs dispersed in the mountains and valleys of the region. They are a molosser-type mountain dog, similar to other livestock guardian breeds of the region, the Šarplaninac and the Bucovina Shepherd Dog.
History.
Tornjak belongs to the rare livestock protection breeds and share many characteristics with other livestock guarding dogs. The Tornjak is an old breed first mentioned in the 11th then 14th century. Descriptions of the Tornjak were found in the writings of Peter Horvat, bishop of Đakovo, Croatia, which date back to the year 1374, those descriptions were also found in the writings of Peter Lukić, Canon of the Đakovo diocese, which were written in 1752. To this day, these dogs are called "Toraši" (Torashi) in the surroundings of the city of Sinj and on the Kamešnica mountain, whereas the shepherds of the Dinara-mountains call them "Dinarci". Descriptions of Tornjaks from these documents are the very same as they are today, except for the name of the breed, which was "Bosanski Ovčar", meaning Bosnian Shepherd Dog. It was also called the "Hrvatski pas planinac", meaning Croatian mountain dog. The dogs in these documents were described entirely equal (in respect to their function and their appearance) as they are today: a protective guarding dog which keeps and watches all that their owners ask them, but is highly intelligent and selectively bred to be without excessive aggression. They are also pleasant toward strangers that they meet outside of their domain.
It is considered that the dogs of the Tornjak's type have existed in the area around and in Dinarides (Dinaric Alps), especially in the region around Vlašić (close to the city of Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina) as a central area of the region since the Roman times. The Romans used their dogs for war and as guardian dogs, as well as for fighting in the arena. Although the Tornjak is a very old breed, with the vanishing of nomadic sheep herding, the Tornjak also gradually vanished. In the early 1970s, a group of local cynologists began to collect the remaining dogs which best corresponded to the old writings about the breed. Tornjaks were first imported to the UK in 2013 with intentions of working towards UK Kennel Club Recognition.
Characteristics.
Appearance.
The Tornjak is a large and powerful dog, with well proportioned, almost square-bodied features and agile movements. The dog's bones are not light, but nevertheless not heavy nor coarse. The bodies of these dogs are strong and well built, with harmonious and dignified movements, possessing a self-confident, serious and calm disposition. In general the Tornjak is a long-coated dog with short hair over the face and legs. The hair is distinctively long and abundant over the neck (mane), and on the back of the upper thighs (breeches). The tail is especially well feathered, and carried like a flag while the dog moves. The coat is very dense and can not be parted.
As a rule, the Tornjak is parti-colored, with white being the dominant ground color. White markings are most commonly found around the neck, over the head and along the legs. The patches can be any color. Similar to other livestock guardian dogs, the distinct markings served an utilitarian purpose, helping shepherds distinguish their dogs from both sheep and wolves.
Tornjak has a calm temperament. A typical adult Tornjak is very calm, peaceful, at first sight an indifferent animal, but when the situation demands it, it is a vigilant and very alert watchdog. The character is equal to the temperament; they are not nervous nor aggressive. In general, they are very tough, not too demanding, sturdy dogs. With their human family they are very emotional. When living in a pack they are highly social animals, without fighting between the pack members. Towards strangers or other animals, as a rule, Tornjak is not overly aggressive. But when the situation calls upon it, Tornjak is quite decisive and it can without any consideration attack even much stronger rivals. Shepherds used to say that a Tornjak that guards the flock is a fair match to two wolves, and that a couple of Tornjaks will confront and chase away a bear. In these situations, Tornjaks can be very tenacious.
Activities.
Tornjak's exercise levels are usually not demanding, especially in the first 9–12 months (during the last intensive growth period). After that they can exercise as much as possible. They prefer long walks without a leash and a lot of playing with other dogs. They will also be just as satisfied with only a 20-minute walk if its owner is in a hurry. Tornjaks learn quickly and do not forget easily; they happily perform tasks and are therefore easy to train. Strong and hardy, during the snowy winter nights, these dogs lie on the ground and often get covered with snow without freezing due to their thick coats. They are primarily used for herding and protection of livestock.
Care.
Tornjak is not recommended for apartment life. They need space and will do best with at least a large yard. Because its thick coat protects it so well it can happily cope with living outdoors provided it has proper shelter. This breed is best suited to a family with much space surrounding the home where it can attend to its own exercise needs.
Tornjak is a very healthy breed, but because they were very poorly fed in their past, they now do not need much protein in their food. For feeding Tornjaks a low protein diet is suitable. A high protein diet can lead to the development of coat problems. Climbing up and down stairs the first six months can ruin hock joints or lead to hip dysplasia (canine).
Tornjak needs early socialization. Early experiences (before 9 months of age) has a very significant effect throughout the dog's life. They need to be confronted with all potentially fearful stimuli as early as possible in order to avoid later fear reactions. Traffic noise, big trucks and buses will provoke fear reactions in adulthood if the Tornjak has not previously faced these situations as a puppy. In this early age all Tornjak puppies have to meet as many unknown people as possible, and also other animals, dogs, and pets especially, for developing a good and stable behavior as an adult.
Ban.
The dog is banned in Denmark.


K. S. Puttannaiah

K. S. Puttannaiah (23 December 1949 – 18 February 2018) was an Indian politician.
Born in Kyathanahalli village, Mandya district on 23 December 1949, Puttannaiah attended St. Philomena College and earned a bachelor's degree from D. Banumaiah College. He became a karyakarta of the Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha in August 1983. Puttannaiah ran for a seat on the Karnataka Legislative Assembly in 1994, serving Pandavapura until 1999. Later that year, he was named president of Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha. While president of Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha, Puttannaiah contested three Karnataka Legislative Assembly elections and one Lok Sabha election, all of which he lost. He has been a hero to farmers and has saved thousands of farmers from having suicides. K.s. Puttannaiah has left his entire family to his wife, to take care of. He had a brother, k.s. Ramesh who died in 2006. This man has sacrificed so much in order lead the farmers for higher pay and lower suicides. Being a farmer himself he knows the struggles they have to go through. He loved to dramas and did them a lot when he was young. His wife is sunitha puttannaiah, two daughters Smitha puttannaiah and akshatha puttannaiah, one son, darshan puttannaiah. In 2013, he ran in the Melkote constituency, representing the Sarvodaya Karnataka Paksha. Puttannaiah had a heart attack on 18 February 2018 while watching Kabaddi at Visvesvaraya Stadium in Mandya. He was declared dead after being sent to the Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences. Puttannaiah's funeral, held on 22 February 2018 in Kyathanahalli, was attended by several thousand people.


Scarboro Fair

The Scarboro Fair was an annual agricultural show that took place in Scarborough, Ontario, Canada—now part of Toronto—during the latter half of the 19th century and early 20th century.
Background.
During the years the fair was active, Scarborough (then spelled Scarboro) was a small agricultural community. As of 1900, its population was just over 3,700.
History.
The fair was hosted by the Scarborough Agricultural Society, founded on .
The first fair was held on on the grounds of Joshua Sisley's Hotel, at Danforth Road and Eglinton Avenue. Sisley, apparently an agriculturalist himself, continued to host the fair in October in the years following; it later moved to taverns and hotels nearby. The last fair was held in 1936, likely in Agincourt.
The fair was evidently a rather substantial concern by the late 19th century. The 1895 fair, held in Woburn, distributed prizes totalling $1,110—over $ today.
A teenage commentator in the "Farmer's Advocate", a London-based magazine that published until the mid-20th century, had this rather dismissive assessment of the 1911 fair:It is only a small country fair, but it was largely attended this year, and there were nearly eight hundred people there. The grounds are nearly four miles east of Toronto. Big tents are used instead of buildings.


Guy Scott

Guy Lindsay Scott (born 1 June 1944) is a Zambian politician who was the Acting President of Zambia between October 2014 and January 2015 and as the 12th Vice-President of Zambia from 2011 to 2014. Scott was named Acting President upon Michael Sata's death in office on 28 October 2014. He was the first white president of Zambia and the first white president in mainland sub-Saharan Africa since F. W. de Klerk, South Africa's last apartheid-era president, left office in 1994.
Family, early life, and education.
Guy Lindsay Scott was born on 1 June 1944 in the border city of Livingstone, the pre-1935 capital of what was then Northern Rhodesia (today Zambia). His father, Alec Scott, was a doctor who had emigrated to Northern Rhodesia from Glasgow, Scotland, UK in 1927 to work on Cecil Rhodes' railways, whilst his mother Grace, had emigrated from England in 1940. Scott is the brother of Alexander "Sandy" Scott, a noted scientist, who was awarded the Fisheries Society of the British Isles's Beverton Medal in 2014 for his contributions to fisheries science. During the 1950s, his father was a Member of Parliament for the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, representing Lusaka as an Independent. Scott's eventual participation in politics was largely inspired by his father, who had been an ally of Zambian nationalists and had even founded several newspapers that advocated for independence.
Scott completed his primary and secondary education at Springvale School and Peterhouse Boys' School, respectively, both located in what was then Southern Rhodesia (today Zimbabwe). He continued his education in England, where he received his undergraduate degree in economics in 1965 from Trinity Hall, a constituent college of Cambridge University. Scott then returned home to join the government of newly independent Zambia, in which he was a planner within the Ministry of Finance. During this time he was also the deputy editor of a publication called "The Business and Economy of East and Central Africa".
In 1970, Scott established an agribusiness venture known as Walkover Estates, which focused on producing high-value crops such as irrigated wheat, strawberries, and a wide range of off-season vegetables. Strawberries produced by Walkover Estates were often featured in local Sainsbury's supermarkets. During this time, Scott was considered a model employer who spoke the local language and was known for his inclusive parties.
Scott eventually returned to England to continue his education at the University of Sussex, where he studied cognitive sciences and artificial intelligence, receiving his Master's degree in 1983 and his doctorate in 1986. His doctoral thesis was entitled "Local and global interpretation of moving images". He went on to study robotics at Oxford University.
Political career.
In 1990, Scott joined the Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD) and was elected to be Chair of its Agriculture Committee during the first party convention.
He was elected as Member of Parliament for Mpika Central on the MMD ticket in the National Assembly during the 1991 general election and was subsequently appointed as Minister of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries. He presided over a number of policy reforms and was responsible for managing the "drought of the century" in January and February 1992. There was no reserve maize in Zambia and none in southern Africa, so emergency arrangements had to be made to import it from overseas and move it into Zambia on dilapidated rail and road networks. He also oversaw the drought recovery "bumper harvest" of 1992–93. However, he was sacked by President Chiluba on 15 April 1993.
In 1996, Scott resigned from the MMD to form the Lima Party together with Ben Kapita, the president of the ZNFU. He piloted the merger between the Lima Party and other parties including Dean Mungomba's Zambia Democratic Congress to form the Zambia Alliance for Progress. In 2001, he returned to politics and joined the Patriotic Front, returning to the National Assembly after being elected MP for Lusaka Central in the 2006 general election.
Vice-President.
A presidential election was held on 20 September 2011, and final results released on 23 September 2011 showed the Patriotic Front's presidential candidate, Michael Sata, winning over MMD's Rupiah Banda by a large margin. Scott was sworn in as Vice-President of the Republic of Zambia on 29 September 2011, the first white Zambian leader since its independence.
Shortly after his election, "The Guardian" quoted Scott as saying: "I have long suspected Zambia is moving from a post-colonial to a cosmopolitan condition. People's minds are changing: they are no longer sitting back and dwelling on what was wrong about colonialism". Referring to a 2012 meeting with former US President George W. Bush (who sponsors various charity initiatives in Zambia), he said, "when they introduced me as Vice President, he thought they were kidding".
Acting President.
After Michael Sata's death on 28 October 2014, Scott became acting president for an interim period of no more than 90 days until a new election could be held to permanently fill the office, as required by Article 38 of the Constitution of Zambia.
Since the "parentage clause" of Article 34 of the Constitution of Zambia requires that both parents of presidential candidates are "Zambian by birth or descent," Scott was considered ineligible to stand for the office in the January 2015 election. That provision had been put in place by President Frederick Chiluba to prevent Kenneth Kaunda – whose father was born in what became Malawi – from becoming president. However, a previous judgement by the Zambian Supreme Court, in a similar case in 1998, could have validated him as a potential candidate. Nevertheless, Scott did not stand as the presidential candidate for his political party, the Patriotic Front.
On 3 November 2014, Scott dismissed Edgar Lungu as Secretary General of the Patriotic Front; however, he reinstated him a day later, after street protests in Lusaka. On 17 December 2014, Scott rejected calls from cabinet members asking him to resign as acting president.
Lungu, standing as the PF's candidate, won the January 2015 presidential by-election and succeeded Scott as Zambia's 6th President on 25 January 2015.
Later career.
In 2019 Scott published "Adventures in Zambian Politics: A Story in Black and White", a book about both the history of Zambia and his own political career.
Personal life.
Scott married his wife, British-born doctor Charlotte Harland Scott, in a ceremony at the Lusaka Civic Centre in 1994. They currently reside in Lusaka. Scott has Parkinson's disease.


John James Cole

John James Cole (died 24 May 1959) was an Irish politician, farmer and auctioneer. He was first elected to Dáil Éireann as an independent Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cavan constituency at the 1923 general election. He lost his seat at the June 1927 general election but regained it at the September 1927 general election. He again lost his seat at the 1932 general election and was an unsuccessful candidate at the 1933 general election. He was elected again at the 1937 general election and was re-elected at the 1938 and 1943 general elections. He again lost his seat at the 1944 general election and was an unsuccessful candidate at the 1948, 1951, 1954 and 1957 general elections.
In 1937, he said "those whom I represent ... you can call them ex-Unionists, or, if you wish to be more precise, you can call them Protestants". He was a member of the Orange Order and was grand master of the County Cavan lodge. His son John Copeland Cole was a Senator from 1957 to 1969.


Mollie Phillips

Mollie Doreen Phillips OBE (27 July 1907 – 15 December 1994) was a British figure skater and Olympic judge. She is regarded as a pioneer in the sport. Phillips was the first woman to carry a national flag at the opening ceremony of an Olympic Games when she led out Great Britain at the 1932 Winter Olympics. In 1961 she became High Sheriff of Carmarthenshire, the first woman to hold the title.
Biography.
Mollie Doreen Phillips was born in London on 27 July 1907. Her father was George Phillips.
She studied Law at Lincoln's Inn but focussed much of her time on figure skating. In 1949 she became the Cardiganshire County Commissioner for the Girl Guides Association. She held a variety of other public appointments, including Justice of the Peace, a member of the local police authority, and a General Commissioner of Income Tax. In 1949 Phillips became the manager of a dairy farm and found a new career as a breeder of dairy cattle.
Phillips died in Lambeth, Greater London on 15 December 1994 at the age of 87.
Skating career.
Phillips was trained by Howard Nicholson and paired up with Rodney Murdoch to compete. In 1933 they skated as a partnership, winning the British championship and then bronze at the European Figure Skating Championships. After Murdoch retired she focussed on the singles events, achieving some success in British and European competitions.
Phillips competed at the 1932 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York and the 1936 Games at Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. She competed in the women's singles event of the figure skating, finishing 9th and 11th respectively.
Phillips was the first woman to carry the flag and lead out her national team at any Olympic Games. The 1932 British Winter Olympic team comprised only four athletes, all in figure skating and all female. Phillips was by far the senior member of the team at the age of 24 compared to Joan Dix, the second oldest, at just 13 years of age. The other two competitors, Cecilia Colledge and Megan Taylor, were both 11.
In 1939 her election to the Council of the National Ice Skating Association, becoming the first woman to have such a role, caused some controversy amongst some of the men in charge of the sport. She went on to become a high-profile figure skating judge and, at the 1948 World Figure Skating Championships, the first woman to referee a world championship.
Results.
with Rodney Murdoch


Calupoh

Calupoh or Mexican wolfdog (), is a hybrid canine breed native to Mexico.
This hybrid breed has been developed since the 1990s from a genetic project that involved the breeding between dogs and wolves, with the aim of carrying out a cultural rescue. Since the Wolfdog was part of the regional culture for a long time. In September 1999, the Federación Canófila Mexicana recognized the breed.


Derrick Thomas (agricultural scientist)

Derrick Thomas (1944 – 13 May 2013) was a British agricultural researcher with special contributions to grassland and forage research in the tropics.
Education and early professional life.
Derrick Thomas was educated at the Universities of Wales (BSc Honours Agriculture), Oxford (D.Phil. Agricultural Science) and Queensland, Australia (D.T.A. postgraduate diploma in Tropical Pasture Science).
He initiated his professional career in 1971 in the first British Government research team in Malawi, where he developed new forage-based systems for small-scale beef production. After 4 years, he returned to the United Kingdom to become Lecturer in Tropical Animal Production at the University of Edinburgh.
Professional life.
Derrick Thomas spent large time of his researcher life in South America and Africa, devoted to research for pasture and forage improvement. From 1978 to 1989, he was a senior research scientist in the Tropical Pastures Program at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), one of the research centres under the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). He was first based in Brasilia, Brazil and later in Cali, Colombia. While working in South America, Derrick Thomas published extensively on forage research, including several articles together with his CIAT colleague Bert Grof (see below).
In 1989, he was appointed Head of the Plant Sciences Division and Co-ordinator of the Feed Resources and Resource Use Programmes at the International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA, now the International Livestock Research Institute, ILRI) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, another CGIAR center. At ILCA he headed multi-disciplinary research teams in sustainable agriculture and natural resources management operating throughout sub-Saharan Africa.
In 1993, Derrick joined the Natural Resources Institute (NRI) of the Overseas Development Administration in the United Kingdom as Research Manager (Natural Resource Management Department). At the NRI, he undertook short-term consultancy work in Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa. In 1997, he was elected a Fellow of the Society of Biology and, in 1999, he was appointed Professor of Tropical Agricultural Systems.
In 2012, he became a member of the editorial board of the scientific journal "Tropical Grasslands – Forrajes Tropicales".
He died of pancreatic cancer in 2013.


Macumba Station

Macumba Station, often just called Macumba, is a pastoral lease in South Australia currently operating as a cattle station.
Description.
Macumba is located about north east of Oodnadatta and east of Marla in the state of South Australia,
The station occupies an area of and is the third largest station in South Australia after Anna Creek station and Innamincka Station. Macumba was owned by the pastoral company, S. Kidman & Co. until 2016, when a deal was finalised for its purchase by joint venture company, Australian Outback Beef. The company is owned by Gina Reinhart (who holds a 2/3 stake) a China's Shanghai CRED (which holds the remaining 1/3).
The station contains a range of terrains including sandhills, mulga woodland, watercourses with redgums and areas of desert and gibber plain. Watercourses crossing the property include the Macumba River, Stevenson Creek and Alberga Creek, each having several waterholes some of which are almost permanent, except in times of prolonged drought. Willow Bore, which was sunk by the government prior to 1892, can provide per day, enough to support 2,000 head of cattle.
History.
Established prior to 1883 the station at that time was owned by Young and Belt. In 1883 the surrounding area had been flooded and all the waterholes and creeks were filled.
A man named Millard became lost in the desert country of the station in 1884, and on finding the telegraph line he burned down a pole and cut the wire to draw attention to his plight. The transcontinental telegraph line was out of service for several days and Millard's body along with the bodies of both his horses were found when repair crews reached the breakage.
In 1887 the station was owned by Messrs Chambers and Polhill who operated a store and ran a mail service out to Peake and surrounding areas as far as Alice Springs. The area had been flooded in the recent past as "the old Macumba Station had been abandoned in consequence of the frequent floods".
The station was managed by Joseph Albert Breaden in the late 1880s and early 1890s but he left to join Carr Boyd in his expedition from Warrina to Western Australia.
In the December 1888 George Bennet, who was acting as station manager, and his second son Albert Francis Bennet (1874–1888) died at the station while working with a mob of cattle in extremely hot weather, though the circumstances remained something of a mystery. His elder son, also named George Bennet (1870–1928), was later well-known as a pastoralist and racehorse owner.
Alexander W. T. Grant-Thorold and Henry L'Estrange, trading as "Grant & Stokes" acquired the property previous to 1889 when they took delivery of 500 bullocks for the station and then sold off 1,000 in 1890, followed by another 2,500 in 1891.
Cattle stealing was a problem at Macumba in 1891 with two cases being heard in court. George Bishop, Arthur Hutchinson and Thomas Bennett were all charged with stealing and although Bennett was acquitted the other two were found guilty and sentenced to two years hard labour. Another man, Job Hobbs, was also charged with stealing cattle from Macumba.
The partnership Grant & Stokes was dissolved in 1893 and Macumba was sold to John Waterstion, who also bought the two other properties owned by the pair, Glen Helen and Idracowra along with the 15,000 cattle stocked on the properties. All the properties had been in the grip of a prolonged drought from 1892–1893 and it was estimated that Macumba alone had lost 1,000 head of cattle from thirst when all the waterholes and creeks had dried up.
The property was flooded in 1903 when the Stevenson Creek rose suddenly following heavy rain upstream. Members of a prospecting syndicate were stranded for four days waiting to cross the creek when the waters started to subside.
W. R. Cave took over at Macumba prior to 1905 and sold 40 bullocks at market in May of that year. The station manager at the time was Mr Smart.
Sidney Kidman acquired Macumba in 1905, most likely in September, and he started moving horses off the property to Warrina then trucked them to the Kapunda horse sales. Kidman visited the property in December 1905 for an inspection with his partner, Mr Bartlett, finding the run to be in "splendid condition".
In 1908 massive floods caused a huge tract of land long and the same width including parts of Macumba and neighbouring Dalhousie Station to be submerged following heavy rains in the area. Nearby Todmorden Station recorded a fall of in a 24-hour period.
When a second bore was sunk at the station in 1909, a good supply of artesian water was struck at a depth of giving a supply of per day. By 1917 a fifth bore was being planned and Macumba was considered one of the best watered runs in the north.
The area suffered a time of drought for a period of three years from 1928–1931 when the rains finally came. In 1931 there were few cattle left in the district, but there were also few vermin such as rabbits and wild dogs remaining either. After more good follow-up rains the summer was still very hot in 1932 with an average temperature of being recorded for 50 days.
Severe floods swept through much of Central Australia in early 1939. The "pigsty" bridge (a temporary bridge supported on piers consisting of sleepers built in sections of four) over Stevenson Creek was swept away, railway services were disrupted for weeks with parts of the railway line washed away, telegraph poles were toppled and the crossing at Alberga Creek was destroyed.
R. M. Williams worked at Macumba shortly after World War II transporting brumbies to use as bucking stock at the Marrabel Rodeo.
More floods hit the station in 1950 when of rain fell in just 48 hours. The creek near the homestead was swollen to wide with some livestock being lost when they were washed downstream.
Macumba had virtually no rain over a period of 14 months until June 2004 when the area received over the course of 10 days. The country had begun to produce fresh feed and had green growth carpeting the plains, which would keep the stock going until the end of summer.
Eddie Nunn was the manager of Macumba in 2004.
Macumba had to be completely destocked in 2008 following a severe and prolonged drought in the area.
The land occupying the extent of the Macumba pastoral lease was gazetted as a locality by the Government of South Australia on 26 April 2013 under the name 'Macumba'.


Frank Rickard

Wilbert Franklin (Frank) Rickard (7 January 1884 – 19 January 1975) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Clarke Township, Ontario and became a farmer by career.
Rickard attended public and secondary schools at Newcastle. He served as a regional reeve for Clarke Township, Ontario and in 1933 was warden for Northmberland and Dufferin.
He was first elected to Parliament at the Durham riding in the 1935 general election and re-elected there in 1940. Rickard was defeated by Charles Elwood Stephenson of the Progressive Conservative party in the 1945 election.


German Roughhaired Pointer

The German Roughhaired Pointer, the Deutscher Stichelhaariger Vorstehhund in German, is a medium-sized breed of pointing dog developed in Germany.
History.
In the early 19th-century there were several varieties of rough-haired pointers found throughout Germany, with few attempts at standardising them as breeds. At some point in the development of the German Roughhaired Pointer old German shepherd dog blood was introduced; the word stichelhaariger in the breed name translates to pricked ears, reflective of this blood. Nearly extinct by the middle of the century the Roughhaired Pointer was saved through the efforts of a single breeder and in the second half of the century serious attempts were made to standardise the type and by the end of the century it was accepted as a district breed.
The German Roughhaired Pointer has never been as popular as the other German pointer breeds and is rarely if ever seen outside of Germany.
Description.
The German Roughhaired Pointer is a medium-sized breed, their appearance is very similar to the more numerous German Wirehaired Pointer and the Wirehaired Pointing Griffon, their overall appearance is robust without being overly heavy. The breed standard states they stand between , with dogs standing between and bitches between .
The principal difference between the breed and the German Wirehaired Pointer is the head, it differs in being heavier and broader, something it inherited from its shepherd forbears; it has hanging ears and particularly long eyebrows which give it an almost threatening appearance. The breed's stiff, harsh and bristly coat is usually long; they can be solid brown, brown roan or light roan in colour, some have a white patch on their chest whilst some roan examples have also have brown patches in their coats.
The breed known to be particularly aggressive towards predatory animals and very wary of strangers.


Vino Nobile di Montepulciano

Vino Nobile di Montepulciano is a red wine with a Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita status produced in the vineyards surrounding the town of Montepulciano, Italy. The wine is made primarily from the Sangiovese grape varietal (known locally as "Prugnolo gentile") (minimum 70%), blended with Canaiolo Nero (10%–20%) and small amounts of other local varieties such as Mammolo. The wine is aged for 2 years (at least 1 year in oak barrels); three years if it is a riserva. The wine should not be confused with Montepulciano d'Abruzzo, a red wine made from the Montepulciano grape in the Abruzzo region of east-central Italy.
History.
In a document dated 789, quoted by Emanuele Repetti in "Dizionario Geografico Fisico Storico della Toscana", the cleric Arnipert offers to the Church of San Silvestro in Lanciniano (Amiata area), farmland and a vineyard located in the Castello di Policiano; another document of 17 October 1350, also mentioned by Repetti, lays down the terms for trade and export of a wine produced in the Montepulciano area.
In 1685 Vino Nobile di Montepulciano is also mentioned by the poet Francesco Redi, who, in addition to praising the work of Bacchus in Tuscany (Montepulciano is the king of all wines!), wrote an ode to Count Federico Veterani dedicated exclusively to praise of the qualities of this wine.
The name Vino Nobile di Montepulciano was invented by Adamo Fanetti. Until 1930 and beyond, the wine was officially called "Vino rosso scelto di Montepulciano," but Adamo called his wine “nobile” (noble). In 1925, Adamo Fanetti produced about 30 tons of Nobile, all bottled and sold for two ITLire a bottle. It was greatly appreciated. Its increased success was seen at the first trade show of wine held in Siena in 1931, organized by Ente Mostra-Mercato Nazionale dei Vini Tipici e Pregiati, when Mr. Tancredi Biondi-Santi, a friend and admirer of Adamo Fanetti, said prophetically: "this wine will have a future. Fanetti must be considered the first producer of Vino Nobile di Montepulciano. 'Cantine Fanetti' has promoted Vino Nobile di Montepulciano all over the world in the years following World War I, and in the years of the "economic miracle" after World War II. Other companies, which until that date had produced mostly Chianti, followed Adamo's example and in 1937 founded a 'Cantina Sociale' (Vecchia Cantina di Montepulciano) with the intention of creating a structure for the marketing of wine produced even by small farmers.
The wine produced in Montepulciano continued to be appreciated, and over time it obtained the DOC Denominazione di Origine Controllata (Denomination of Controlled Origin) with DPR July 12, 1966. The DOCG Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (Denomination of Controlled and Guaranteed Origin) of Vino Nobile di Montepulciano was authorized by DPR July 1, 1980 and modified by DM July 27, 1999.
Wines made in Montepulciano.
The industry in the wine-producing town of Montepulciano produces a number of different wines:


Ruffino

Ruffino is a wine producer based in the Tuscany region of Italy. Founded in 1877, the winery was purchased by the Brescian Folonari family in 1913. In 1999 the Folonari business was split, with the brothers Paolo and Marco retaining the Ruffino name for their operation. In 2004, Constellation Brands purchased a 40% interest in Ruffino for an estimated $80 million.
Ruffino wines are a specialty in many restaurants, such as their Ducale Gold.


Fiol Prosecco

FIOL Prosecco is an Italian luxury brand of Prosecco DOC.
History.
FIOL brand was founded in 2010 by a group of friends born in Treviso, the capital of prosecco region. FIOL is produced in the countryside in the surroundings of Treviso and it is distributed worldwide. 3GP is the company which produces FIOL: it is managed by an independent team based in Treviso. Tito Ciani Bassetti is the chairman of the company.
In the ancient venetian language the word "fiol" means "son" and also "young boy", and it is commonly used to address the "cool guy".
Wine.
FIOL is a DOC (Denominazione di origine controllata) Extra Dry Prosecco.
The grapes.
FIOL is produced with Glera grapes gathered exclusively in the province of Treviso, the heart of the Prosecco DOC area. The vineyards are located in the area of the flood plain of the Piave river and are exposed towards the east and north-west.
Organoleptic Characteristics.
The colour is a pale salmon-pink, and on the nose there are bright notes of red berries and a hint of fresh herbs. On the palate the wine is balanced and creamy, with a crisp, delicate finish.
Label.
FIOL logo is inspired by the vine sticks, created by man to give support to the plant. The project stems from an ideas competition, organised to give space to a creative youth. The label is the work of French-Italian designer, Audric Dandres.
Partnerships.
In 2013 FIOL Prosecco launched a partnership&sponsorship agreement with Ospreys, a leading rugby team from Wales. In 2015 FIOL has become official events partner of Ospreys Rugby, as well as a partner of the London Ospreys Business Network and official supplier to Swansea Liberty Stadium.
Distribution.
FIOL Prosecco is distributed in seven countries.


Volpaia

Volpaia is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Radda in Chianti, province of Siena. At the time of the 2001 census its population amounted to 44.