Naval Air Station Point Mugu

Naval Air Station Point Mugu is a former United States Navy air station that operated from 1942 to 2000 in California. In 2000, it merged with nearby Naval Construction Battalion Center Port Hueneme to form Naval Base Ventura County (NBVC).
At Point Mugu, NBVC operates two runways and encompasses a 36,000 square mile sea test range, anchored by San Nicolas Island. The range allows the military to test and track weapons systems in restricted air- and sea-space without encroaching on civilian air traffic or shipping lanes. The range can be expanded through interagency coordination between the U.S. Navy and the Federal Aviation Administration. Telemetry data can be tracked and recorded using technology housed at San Nicolas Island, Point Mugu and Laguna Peak, a Tier 1 facility also controlled by NBVC.
History.
The facility in Point Mugu, California, started as a United States Navy anti-aircraft training center during World War II and was developed in the late 1940s as the Navy's major missile development and test facility. This was where most of the Navy's missiles were developed and tested during the 1950/1960 era, including the AIM-7 Sparrow family and the AIM-54 Phoenix air-to-air, Bullpup air-to-surface, and Regulus surface-to-surface missiles.
Pt. Mugu has dominated the area since the 1940s, and is one of the few places in the area that is not agricultural. The base has been home to many ordnance testing programs, and the test range extends offshore to the Navy-owned San Nicolas Island in the Channel Islands.
In 1963 the U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program was established on a sand spit between Mugu Lagoon and the ocean. The facility was relocated in 1967 to Point Loma in San Diego, California.
Point Mugu was the airfield used by former President Ronald Reagan during his presidency on visits to his Santa Barbara ranch. The airfield was used during the state funeral in 2004, as the place where the former President's body was flown to Washington, D.C. to lie in state in the Capitol Rotunda. The body was flown to Point Mugu aboard presidential aircraft SAM 28000 two days later. Until the late 1990s, the base hosted Antarctic Development Squadron SIX (VXE-6), the squadron of LC-130s equipped to land on ice in Antarctica, to supply the science stations there. Now, the New York Air National Guard's 109th Airlift Wing has assumed that responsibility. VXE-6 also flew the UH-1N Twin Huey during most of its time at Point Mugu.
In December 1988, the 146th Airlift Wing began moving from its home in Van Nuys to a new facility built on 204 acres of state-owned land adjacent to the Point Mugu facility. Known as Channel Islands Air National Guard Station, the annex was constructed at a cost of more than $70 million and was fully activated in April 1990. The 146th operates from the military airfield along with Navy and other federal aviation activities.
Popular culture.
NAS Point Mugu was the setting for the 1950 film, "The Flying Missile". It tells the story of the first firing of a guided missile from the deck of a submarine. Another film filmed in the early 60s at Pt. Mugu was "North to Alaska" with John Wayne. More recently, scenes for A Few Good Men were filmed at NAS Point Mugu.


Memmingen Airport

Memmingen Airport , also known as "Allgäu Airport Memmingen", is an international airport in the town of Memmingerberg near Memmingen, the third-largest city in the Swabia region of Bavaria. It is the smallest of the three commercial airports in the state after Munich Airport and Nuremberg Airport and has the highest altitude of any commercial airport in Germany. It is operated by "Flughafen Memmingen GmbH", a limited partnership of mostly local, medium-sized companies and public shares.
Located about from the centre of Memmingen and from the city centre of Munich, it serves Memmingen and the Allgäu. It also provides a low-cost alternative to Munich Airport and therefore is sometimes referred to as "Memmingen/Munich-West Airport". It serves as a base for Ryanair and features flights to European leisure and some metropolitan destinations and handled over 1,7 million passengers in 2019.
History.
Early years.
A military airfield was built at Memmingerberg in 1935. It was used during World War II. After being rebuilt, it was used for the US Air Force training flights from 1956. From 1959 to 2003, it was the home base of German Air Force fighterbomber wing 34 ("Allgäu").
The airport was certified as a regional commercial airport on 20 July 2004 and commenced operation on 5 August 2004, but there were no scheduled or regular chartered flights. Scheduled flights to the 2005 Hanover Fair were cancelled due to lack of demand. In June 2005, the district of Oberallgäu granted initial finance of €480,000. A further sum of €200,000 was granted by the city of Memmingen after a popular vote on 25 September 2005. In 2006, scheduled flights to Dortmund and Rostock were planned but cancelled because the carrier became insolvent. In autumn 2006, Luftfahrtgesellschaft Walter offered chartered flights to Dortmund for two months, during which only 100 passengers were carried.
In March 2007, a subsidy of €7,500,000 promised by the Bavarian government was approved by the European Commission. Until 25 September 2008 it was known as "Allgäu Airport/Memmingen".
On 28 June 2007, TUIfly started offering domestic flights to Berlin, Hamburg, and Cologne, and also flights to holiday destinations such as Palma de Mallorca, Heraklion, Naples, Rome, Venice, and Antalya. In March 2009, Ryanair announced seven new routes serving Memmingen starting May 2009.
Developments since 2010.
Ryanair have continued to announce new routes and from May 2010 Ryanair operated 14 routes to and from Memmingen. Wizz Air also started serving Memmingen and has established eight routes since then. On 24 October 2013, Ryanair announced a new seasonal service to Shannon, while Palermo was added as a destination from the summer season of 2015. For the 2015 summer schedule, Wizz Air announced that it would expand its commitment and serve the cities of Tuzla in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Bulgarian city of Sofia and the Lithuanian capital Vilnius.
On 5 June 2014, the airport welcomed its five-millionth passenger.
In December 2014, InterSky announced that it would be taking over the domestic flights from Memmingen to Berlin and Hamburg by 1 March 2015, as Germanwings had announced that it would cease the same services just a few days earlier. In earlier years, these routes had already been unsuccessfully served by TUIfly, Air Berlin, and Avanti Air. In May 2015, InterSky announced that it would have a presence at Memmingen Airport by October 2015 consisting of one aircraft, adding a new route to Cologne and increasing frequencies on the already existing services to Berlin and Hamburg. Later, that plan was changed as a triangular route of Friedrichshafen - Memmingen - Cologne/Bonn will be established instead of basing an aircraft in Memmingen. However, on 6 November 2015, InterSky ceased all operations due to financial difficulties, leaving Memmingen again without any domestic connections.
Ryanair announced in March 2017 plans to establish its second Bavarian base (after Nuremberg Airport) in Memmingen from October 2017 consisting of one aircraft and seven additional routes.
Since 31 March 2019, another Ryanair aircraft has been stationed in Memmingen and the workforce has been increased to 70 employees. In December 2017, Memmingen Airport received its safety certification by the European Aviation Safety Agency. 2017 has been announced the first business year in which the airport achieved a profit at year end since the start of public services. In August 2018, the airport announced the schedule for its planned expansion which will take place from September 2018 until 2020. While the runway will be widened and its guidance system and lightning upgraded, the luggage facilities will see an expansion.
On 6 December 2018, the 10 millionth passenger was welcomed. In early 2019 the planned expansion works began to widen the runway and expand the handling facilities with the airport being closed for several weeks in September of the same year. The widened and refurbished runway has been inaugurated on 1 October 2019.
Infrastructure.
Terminal.
Memmingen Airport has one passenger terminal building equipped with 10 check-in counters and 7 departure gates used for Schengen flights (1-3) on the ground floor and non-Schengen flights (4-7) on the upper floor. The building has no jet bridges, therefore walk-boarding and bus-boarding is used. There is also a duty-free shop, as well as some restaurants and car-hire facilities at the airport. The terminal has a capacity of two million passengers per year.
Runway and apron.
Memmingen Airport has an ILS Category 1 for runway 24 and is equipped with NDB/DME and GPS RNAV. Originally, the runway was only wide with accordingly narrow taxiways due to its former use as a facility for jet fighter aircraft. However, an expansion to the international standard had been granted in 2016 and was completed in September 2019. Simultaneously, the runway was equipped with new LED lightning while an upgrade of the ILS for direction 06 is under preparation.
Two aprons provide parking spaces for six mid-sized aircraft such as the Airbus A320 and Boeing 737 at a time as well as some smaller business jets. There is an additional smaller apron for general aviation aircraft located on the other side of the runway.
Airlines and destinations.
The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter flights at Memmingen Airport:
Ground transportation.
Road.
The airport is located close to the A96 motorway ("Memmingen Ost" exit) and its intersection with the A7 motorway. The A96 leads directly to Munich, Lake Constance, and Switzerland, while the A7 leads to Ulm, Northern Germany, and Austria. Taxis as well as several car-hire companies are available at counters in the terminal building.
Coach.
There are dedicated coach services from Memmingen Airport directly to Munich (journey time approx. 90 minutes) as well as long-distance coaches operated by Flixbus to several cities within Germany and neighbouring countries.
Bus and Rail.
Local bus lines 2 and 810/811 connect the airport within a 15-minute drive with Memmingen town centre, including Memmingen railway station, from where frequent Deutsche Bahn regional services depart for Munich (journey time approx. 1:35) and Augsburg, as well as some EuroCity long-distance Swiss Federal Railways services to Bregenz and Zürich.


John Cavendish, 5th Baron Chesham

John Charles Compton Cavendish, 5th Baron Chesham, PC (18 June 1916 – 23 December 1989), was a British Conservative politician.
A member of the Cavendish family headed by the Duke of Devonshire he was the son of John Compton Cavendish, 4th Baron Chesham and Margot Mills.
He fought in the Second World War as a Captain in the Army, also briefly serving as an Air Observation Post pilot with No. 664 Squadron RCAF. Chesham took his seat in the House of Lords on his father's death in 1952, and later served in the Conservative administrations of Harold Macmillan and Sir Alec Douglas-Home. He was Joint Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Transport from 1959 to 1964. The latter year he was also admitted to the Privy Council. Chesham was later Chairman of the International Road Federation, and President of the British Road Federation from 1966 to 1972.
A motoring enthusiast, Chesham first started motorcycling when he attended Cambridge University, riding Rex-Acme, AJS, Rudge and competing on an Excelsior at Brooklands. He joined the Royal Automobile Club as Executive Vice-Chairman from April, 1966, then a newly created salaried position, until 1970.
Lord Chesham married Mary Edmunds Marshall, daughter of David Gregory Marshall, in 1937. He died in December 1989, aged 73, and was succeeded in the barony by his son Nicholas Charles Cavendish.


Russell Warren Howe

Russell Warren Howe (1 August 1925 – 17 December 2008) was a British author and journalist.
Biography.
He was a well known international journalist who wrote more than 20 books ranging from biographies, fiction, to seductive novels. After serving as a pilot in the Royal Air Force during World War II, he began his journalism career at the Reuters wire service in Paris. With Reuters, he wrote a variety of publications as chief correspondent in Africa and Europe. In the early 1970s, he settled in Washington D.C. and began a prolific career writing interviews for the Washington Times, Christian Science Monitor, Baltimore Sun and Penthouse Magazine. He also contributed a column to the Indian newspaper, The Statesman. As an author, his books include "Theirs the Darkness" (1955), "The Power Peddlers" (1977), "Mata Hari" (1986), "Sleeping With the FBI" (1993), "False Flags" (1996) and "Don't Laugh, You're Next: The Irrepressible Wit & Humor of Russell Warren Howe" (2002). He is the recipient of five print media and TV awards, Writers Citizenship Award and Southern Prize for Fiction Award.


List of jet aircraft of World War II

World War II was the first war in which jet aircraft participated in combat with examples being used on both sides of the conflict during the latter stages of the war. The first successful jet aircraft, the Heinkel He 178, flew only five days before the start of the war, on 1 September 1939. By the end of the conflict on 2 September 1945 Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States all had operational turbojet-powered fighter aircraft while Japan had produced, but not used, motorjet-powered kamikaze aircraft, and had tested and ordered into production conventional jets. Italy and the Soviet Union had both tested motorjet aircraft which had turbines powered by piston engines and the latter had also equipped several types of conventional piston-powered fighter aircraft with auxiliary ramjet engines for testing purposes. Germany was the only country to use jet-powered bombers operationally during the war.
This list includes only aircraft powered by turbine engines, either on their own or as part of mixed-power arrangements. Rocket-powered aircraft are not included, nor are aircraft that only flew following the end of the war. Aircraft which were designed but not constructed are also excluded.
Production figures for aircraft used postwar include examples built after the war ended, of the same versions already flying during the war.
Aircraft.
! width=18%|Name !! Origin !! First flight !! Type !! Entered service !! Number built !! Notes


Islamabad International Airport

Islamabad International Airport (; ) is the main international airport serving the Islamabad-Rawalpindi metropolitan area and its suburbs. It is built 20 km west of the twin cities near the Kashmir Highway and Motorway Interchange.
The airport commenced full operations on 3 May 2018, replacing the defunct Benazir Bhutto International Airport which now forms part of the PAF Base Nur Khan. It is one of the largest airports in Pakistan in terms of passenger capacity, capable of serving 9 million passengers every year in its first phase. Further planned expansions will allow it to serve up to 25 million passengers a year. The terminal includes 15 gates with ten remote gates, duty-free shops, a food court and 42 immigration counters. Additionally, Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority is acquiring 2,833 acres (11.46 km2 / 4.42 sq mi) of land to build a third runway at the airport. Furthermore, it is the first and only airport in Pakistan capable of handling the Airbus A380. A metro road track has been built to connect the airport with Islamabad for commuters, expected to be operational during the second half of 2020.
History and details.
The plan to construct a new airport was announced in January 2005 by the Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority. A land of land was acquired at the cost of Rs 2.5 billion in November 2005 near Ranjha, Fateh Jang in Attock District.
The construction of a new airport was planned in response to increasing air traffic and passenger loads at the existing Benazir Bhutto International Airport. It was estimated that the number of passengers at the former airport was growing by 14 percent annually compared to the national air passenger growth rate of less than four percent, making it the second busiest airport in the country at the time. Therefore, a site in Attock district was selected as the site for the construction of a new airport just a few kilometers from the Islamabad interchange on M-1/M-2 motorways. The foundation stone of the project was laid by former President Pervez Musharraf and Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz on 7 April 2007.
It was a project of the Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority (PCAA) and designed by French company Aéroports de Paris Ingenierie (ADPi) and CPG Corporation of Singapore. The whole project was financed by PCAA on its own. It is built on more than 3,200 acres of land and consists of a passenger terminal building, 2 runways, taxiways, and apron and parking bays for wide-body aircraft. There is also a cargo terminal, air traffic control complex, fuel farm, as well as a fire, crash, and rescue facility. The site of the airport is near Fateh Jang Attock, some 20 km from Zero Point, Islamabad and 23 km from Saddar, Rawalpindi. The airport was developed to be on par with international standards to serve as a major hub for all aviation activities in Pakistan.
The PCAA asked a team of British architects to design the new airport. PCAA signed an agreement with the Louis Berger Group in the US in association with Pakistani consulting firm GT AASR, to undertake project management services. On 1 May 2018, Prime Minister Shahid Khaqan Abbasi officially inaugurated the new airport. This was followed up with the airport commencing full commercial flight operations on 3 May 2018 and thus replacing the old airport.
On 8 July 2018, the first Airbus A380 landed in Islamabad, arriving as Emirates flight EK-2524 from Dubai International Airport. This was the first time an Airbus A380 had landed in Pakistan.
Since August 2019, Pakistan International Airlines has shifted its hub for international flights from Karachi's Jinnah International Airport to Islamabad International Airport.
International traffic of PIA mainly originates from the northern areas of the country due to which the national carrier decided to move most of its schedule to the capital city.
Facilities.
Islamabad International Airport has a 180,000m² modular terminal building which is capable of handling 9 million passengers and 80,000 metric tons cargo per annum. The numbers are expected to reach 25 million passengers by 2024. Being a new airport, a significant portion of the land has been earmarked for commercial purposes such as duty-free shops, a hotel and convention center, air malls, a business centre, food courts, and leisure and cinema facilities.
Ground transport.
The airport is connected to Islamabad via the Kashmir Highway and Rawalpindi via the GT Road (Highway N-5). A four-lane highway is also under construction to serve cargo traffic. The Islamabad Metrobus is also being expanded to connect to the airport.


Hamilton Standard

Hamilton Standard (now a part of Collins Aerospace
), an aircraft propeller parts supplier, was formed in 1929 when United Aircraft and Transport Corporation consolidated Hamilton Aero Manufacturing and Standard Steel Propeller into the Hamilton Standard Propeller Corporation. Other members of United Aircraft included Boeing, United Airlines, Sikorsky, and Pratt & Whitney. At the time, Hamilton was the largest manufacturer of aircraft propellers in the world.
History.
Standard Steel Propeller had been formed in 1918 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Hamilton Aero Manufacturing had been formed in 1920 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin by Thomas F. Hamilton. Charles Lindbergh's "Spirit of St. Louis" used a propeller made by Standard Steel Propeller Company in his historic solo crossing of the Atlantic Ocean.
In the early 1930s Frank W. Caldwell of Hamilton Standard led a team that developed a variable-pitch propeller, using hydraulic pressure and centrifugal force to change the angle of attack of the blades. Caldwell received the 1933 Collier Trophy for this advance in flight propulsion. Later advances included full-feathering and reversible propellers.
Hamilton Standard was a division of United Aircraft Corporation (1934) along with Pratt & Whitney (engines).
In the early 1950s Hamilton developed the technology to accurately meter fuel in jet engines, and its fuel controls were employed on Boeing 707s and Douglas DC-8s as well as most other Pratt & Whitney jet engines. In 1952 Hamilton Standard opened its plant in Windsor Locks, Connecticut. In 1958 Hamilton's first environmental control system entered service on the Convair 880. In 1968 Hamilton began delivering automatic, electronic systems for control of cabin pressure in aircraft. Hamilton's mechanical fuel controls, in use since the 1950s, evolved into electronically controlled fuel controls and, eventually, to Full Authority Digital Electronic Controls (FADEC) for jet engines and are in use today on many commuter, airline, and military engine applications. Hamilton's environmental systems and early association with NASA were highlighted in the 1969 Apollo 11 Moon landing - supported by environmental control, fuel cell, and life support systems manufactured by Hamilton Standard.
Merger.
In 1999, the United Technologies Corporation acquired the Sundstrand Corporation and merged it with Hamilton to form Hamilton Sundstrand. Sundstrand brought a long history and portfolio of aerospace products to the newly named company. Hamilton Sundstrand continues to provide aerospace components and systems to most of the world's aircraft manufacturers, including Boeing, Airbus, Bombardier, and Embraer.
In 2012 Hamilton Sundstrand merged with Goodrich Corporation to become UTC Aerospace Systems. In 2018, UTC merged UTC Aerospace Systems with Rockwell Collins to form Collins Aerospace.


List of airlines of Sri Lanka

This is a list of airlines currently operating in Sri Lanka.


285th Civil Engineering Squadron

The United States Air Force's 285th Civil Engineering Squadron (285 CES) is an Air National Guard civil engineering unit located at St Croix ANGS. It is in a two-year transition period from combat communications to a Prime Base Engineer Emergency Force mission.
History.
On 7 May 1980 the 285th Combat Communications Flight (CMBTCF) was established, creating the first unit of the Virgin Islands Air National Guard. The flight was upgraded to a squadron in 1996 and made a name for itself following the devastation of Hurricane Hugo to the region in 1989, when the unit and its installation became the heart of recovery operations for St. Croix.
Over the years, the unit has been involved in several contingency operations, to include Joint Endeavor, Uphold Democracy, Joint Forge, and both Iraqi and Enduring Freedom.
On 3 March 2012 the unit was redesignated a Civil Engineer Squadron after losing its communications mission.
Decorations.
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award


Tairov OKO-7

The OKO-7 was to have been a heavy fighter produced in the Ukraine region of the USSR in 1940
Designed to a 1940 VVS requirement for a heavy fighter, the OKO-7 was to have been powered by two I,500hp Shvetsov M-90 (Ash-90) or two 1,380hp Mikulin AM-37 engines, with armament of three 20mm ShVAK cannon and two 7.62mm ShKAS machine-guns. The OKO-7. was Tairov's last known design before he was killed in an air crash in December 1941.


List of TAROM destinations

TAROM serves the following scheduled and charter year-round and seasonal destinations as of January 2021:


Endless runway

An endless runway is an aircraft runway which loops around to form a shape such as a circle. There were experiments with this concept in the 1960s and it is now being researched at the Nederlands Lucht- en Ruimtevaartcentrum – the national aerospace laboratory of the Netherlands.
History.
With the birth of aviation, the thought of taking a car to the office became old-style and soon people started to invent ways to take the airplane to the office. In an article in "Popular Science" from 1919, a circular runway was designed on top of some skyscrapers in New York, where one of the buildings would serve the purpose of aircraft parking. A design was made for a circular runway on the roof of Kings Cross railway station in London.
In the 1960s, the idea was taken up by a marine officer, who actually performed a number of take-offs and landings with aircraft at a circular track designed for testing cars. This work stimulated a large number of patents with runways shaped as circles or ovals and often straight tracks attached to it for taking off and landing.
In 2016-2017. the idea regained interest and was evaluated by a European consortium, leading to a number of publications and attention by press.
Safety issues.
Increased runway width. Instrument Landing System can be used for the straight approach but will require modification or a new system to cope with the curving runway. Water will run off the banked runway better than at present. Use of residual heat from car parks and offices could be used to heat the runway to reduce ice.


Pavel Taran

Pavel Andreyevich Taran (, ; – 14 September 2005) was an Il-4 pilot who was twice awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union during World War II. He later went on to become a General-lieutenant.
Early life.
Taran was born on to a Ukrainian peasant family in the village of Sholokhovo in the Yekaterinoslavsky Uyezd of the Yekaterinoslav Governorate of the Russian Empire (present-day Ukraine). After completing seven grades of school he attended a trade school in Zaporizhia, which he graduated from in 1933. He attended another vocational school in 1934, after which he was employed at a Metallurgical plant as an electrician until 1937. That year he graduated from training at the Nikopol aeroclub and joined the military in November. Barely a year later in December 1938 he graduated from the Kacha Military Aviation School of Pilots and was then assigned to the 50th Bomber Aviation Regiment. In Spring 1939 he was transferred to the 35th High-Speed Bomber Regiment, in which he first saw combat during the Soviet invasion of Poland. In November he was deployed to the warfront of the Winter War, where he piloted the Tupolev SB. After returning from the war in April he was assigned to the 81st Long-Range Bomber Regiment as a flight commander.
World War II.
From the first month of Operation Barbarossa, Taran participated in the defense of the Soviet Union. He soon suffered a close call with death when his Il-4 was shot down by German fighters; he was able to parachute out of the plane shortly before it crashed. All other crew members on board were killed in the crash. Having parachuted out at a low altitude, he landed close to his fallen bomber and buried the remains of his deceased comrades. After returning to his unit three days later he returned to flying and was reassigned to a new flight crew. He remained with that crew until September 1942, during which he flew 150 missions and gained multiple shootdowns of enemy fighters with them. He was again shot down on 24 October 1941. For flying 33 daylight and 26 night missions he was nominated for the title Hero of the Soviet Union on 11 September 1941 and awarded it on 20 June 1942. In August 1942 his unit was honored with the guards designation and renamed the 5th Guards Long-range Aviation Regiment. During the ceremony of receiving the guards flag, Taran was the standard-bearer. That year he received a minor head injury during a mission to bomb an enemy airfield. In September he began flying with a new aircrew, and by 30 November 1943 he was nominated for the title Hero of the Soviet Union again for flying 350 sorties, during which two enemy crossings, fifteen supply warehouses, and eight aircraft on the ground were destroyed in addition to starting 39 fires. He was awarded the title again on 13 March 1944 before leaving the 81st Regiment in July.
In July 1944 he became a flight inspector for the 6th Long-range Aviation Corps. In that role he approved nine pilots for night flights and reviewed 76 more pilots. In April he was made commander of the 240th Bomber Aviation Regiment, which carried out 190 sorties during spring 1945 and was tasked with bombing tank columns, ammunition storage facilities, bridges, airfields, and trains as well as photographing bombed areas. Throughout the war he flew 356 sorties, of which 316 were at night. He flew in the battles over Ukraine, the Caucasus, Kuban, Kursk, Leningrad, Belarus, Lviv, the Baltics, Konigsberg and Berlin.
Postwar.
Taran remained in command of the 240th Regiment until April 1946, after which he became a squadron commander in the 199th Guards Bomber Regiment. From March 1948 to May 1951 he served as a flight inspector in the 4th Guards Aviation Corps, which used the B-25 and Tu-4. He then was appointed as commander of the 251st Guards Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment, which he remained in until being made deputy commander of the 15th Guards Heavy Bomber Division in December 1954; in July 1955 he was promoted to commander of the division, and in 1957 he was promoted to the rank of general-major. After graduating from the Military Academy of the General Staff he became the commander of the 79th Heavy Bomber Division in December 1958; the division used the Tu-95. He then held a variety of flight training and staff posts before retiring in 1979 as a general-lieutenant. From then until 1984 he worked as a designer for the Tupolev Bureau. He died in Moscow on 14 September 2005 and was buried in the Troekurovsky cemetery.
References.


Lufthansa Aviation Training

Lufthansa Aviation Training GmbH is the flight academy subsidiary of Lufthansa, that trains Lufthansa Group pilots as well as cabin and technical staff. The company has about 500 employees and has been in business for around 50 years.
Operations.
Lufthansa Aviation Training owns 9 subsidiaries: Lufthansa Aviation Training Crew Academy GmbH, Lufthansa Aviation Training Berlin GmbH, Lufthansa Aviation Training Operations Germany GmbH, Lufthansa Aviation Training Germany GmbH, Lufthansa Aviation Training Austria GmbH, Lufthansa Aviation Training USA Inc., Lufthansa Aviation Training Pilot Academy GmbH and Aviation Quality Services (AQS).
Locations.
As of 2021, Lufthansa Aviation Training maintains two brands with the following locations:
In February 2021, Lufthansa Aviation Training announced to relocate their entire German practical training from Bremen Airport to Rostock Airport.
Lufthansa Aviation Training USA.
The Aviation Training Center Arizona is a facility in Goodyear, Arizona, where future Lufthansa pilots conduct flight training with small aircraft. It is operated by the Lufthansa subsidiary Lufthansa Aviation Training. The base contains a building where the students live in their own apartments.
Aviation Quality Services GmbH.
Aviation Quality Services (AQS) is a subsidiary of Lufthansa Flight Training, located in Frankfurt, Germany. The company is an IATA accredited IOSA Audit Organization and an IATA accredited Endorsed Training Organization. AQS conducts audits, and auditor, quality, and Safety Management Systems training. In 2003, AQS was the first company to be accredited by IATA as an IOSA Audit Organization and Endorsed Training Organization. Two years later, the company became the world's leading IOSA Audit Organization.


292d Combat Communications Squadron

The United States Air Force's 292nd Combat Communications Squadron is a combat communications unit located at Kahului, Hawaii.
History.
Emblem Significance.
The figure of the Hawaiian warrior significantly represents the Hawaii Air National Guard, specifically the 292 CBCS. The barefoot countenance of the warrior signifies the unit's mobility. Held in his left hand is a Hawaiian leiomano (shark tooth war club), symbolizing combat mission of the 292 CBCS. The lightning streak held in the right hand as a spear represents communications. Further symbolizing the unit's communications background. The globe symbolizes the units worldwide capability and the blue background symbolizes Space, the primary medium in which the Air Force performs its missions. The two stars on the globe represents Air Force and Air National Guard symbolizing the United
States "Total Force" philosophy. Overall, the design represents a unit capable of conducting mobile communications in a combat environment.


West Point Village Seaplane Base

West Point Village Seaplane Base is a public use seaplane base located in West Point, in the Kodiak Island Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska. It is privately owned by the West Point Canning Co.
Scheduled passenger service to Kodiak, Alaska, is subsidized by the United States Department of Transportation via the Essential Air Service program.
Facilities.
West Point Village Seaplane Base has one seaplane landing area designated E/W with a water surface measuring 10,000 by 500 feet (3,048 x 152 m).
Airline and destinations.
The following airline offers scheduled passenger service:


Naval Air Station Ottumwa


British Continental Airways

British Continental Airways was a British airline that operated between 1935 and 1936, when it merged into British Airways.
British Continental Airways Limited was formed on 15 April 1935 to operate airline services from Croydon Airport to the continent. The first services were to Belgium; as well as Brussels, other Belgian destinations were added over the first year, including Ostend and Antwerp. Services were also run to Lille in France and Amsterdam in the Netherlands. In partnership with KLM the airline operated a service between Amsterdam and Liverpool with a stop at Doncaster.
Originally formed as a private company, it became a public company on 31 October 1935 with a share capital of £50,000. The airline became part of a dispute at the start of 1936 when it started a Scandinavian service as an extension of the Amsterdam route in competition with British Airways, as a government subsidy and a mail contract had already been given to British Airways. The government suggested that the two airlines should merge. From 1 August 1936 BCA and the Scandinavian routes were absorbed into British Airways, although the Belgian routes continued to be operated under the BCA name for a further two months.
Aircraft.
At the time of the merger with British Airways, British Continental Airways had the following:


List of defunct airlines of the Bahamas

This is a list of defunct airlines of The Bahamas.


List of defunct airlines of Venezuela

This is a list of defunct airlines of Venezuela.


SS Henry Bacon

The Liberty ship SS "Henry Bacon" was the last allied ship sunk by the Luftwaffe in World War II. Twenty two crew members and seven members of the United States Navy Armed Guard lost their lives in this action. The vessel was named after Henry Bacon, the American architect who designed and built many monuments and settings for public sculpture, including the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.
World War II.
The "Henry Bacon" was one of the thirty-eight merchant ships in convoy RA-64, which departed Kola Inlet, Murmansk, North Russia bound for Loch Ewe, Gourock, Scotland on Friday, 17 February 1945. The crew complement under Captain Alfred Carini was forty-one merchant seamen and twenty-six US Navy Armed Guard. The "Henry Bacon" was in ballast and carrying nineteen Norwegian civilian refugees, including women and children, as passengers.
Before the convoy set sail, news had been received of a German attack on Norwegian patriots living on the island of Sørøya, in the approaches to the former German naval anchorage at Altafjord. The British Royal Navy had sent four destroyers to the scene and had rescued 500 men, women and children. These refugees were distributed among the ships of the convoy for passage to England.
On the afternoon of the Saturday, 18 February, the weather deteriorated to force 8 on the Beaufort scale, and the escort carriers were unable to operate aircraft. That night the storm intensified with winds gusting up to sixty knots (110 km/h) with a heavy sea and swell. The convoy split up and began to disperse. The storm continued through Sunday, 19 February.
On 20 February, the storm abated and the escort vessels started to round up the scattered ships. At 4 am the convoy had been detected by aircraft, and by 9 am twenty-nine of the ships were back on station with four still straggling.
Then, on 22 February, the convoy ran into one of the worst storms ever recorded in the Barents Sea. Once again the convoy began to split up and was blown apart. The weather deteriorated to Beaufort scale force 12 with winds at 70 to 90 knots and temperatures 40 below zero. During this storm, one of the main springs on the "Henry Bacon"s steering gear was broken, and the retaining pin was sheared. This damage caused the "Henry Bacon" to drop out of the convoy to effect repairs.
Fate.
Around 1500 GCT on 23 February 1945, the "Henry Bacon" was some 50 to 60 nautical miles astern of the main convoy when she was attacked by twenty-three Junkers Ju 88 and Ju 188's torpedo bombers of Luftwaffe Group KG26, out of Bardufoss, Norway, some 250 miles (400 km) away. The Germans were on their way to attack the main convoy, and thought they could finish the lone straggler easily. The "Henry Bacon" was armed with eight 20 mm anti-aircraft guns, with a 5-inch (127 mm) gun aft and a 3 in (76 mm) gun forward. The ship's Naval Armed Guard gunners fought the attacking planes for over an hour, shot down five planes, damaged at least four others and managed to defend against several torpedoes by causing their detonation before they reached the ship.
At 1520 GCT, one torpedo struck the starboard side of the No.5 hold, and detonated the aft ammunition magazine. A large hole was torn in the hull. The rudder, propeller and steering engine were destroyed. The ship settled by the stern and sank within an hour. This action helped save the main convoy, as most of the German planes were forced to return to base owing to battle damage, low fuel, and low ammunition.
The "Henry Bacon" was abandoned at 1600 GCT at 67.38N 05.00E. Lifeboats No. 1 and No. 2 were launched safely. The No. 3 boat capsized while being lowered, and because the davits to the No. 4 boat had been damaged in the storm, this boat was also lost. Three of the four life rafts had been released prematurely and had drifted away. The two surviving lifeboats were filled to capacity with all of the Norwegian passengers and some members of the crew.
This left a number of crew members stranded aboard the "Henry Bacon". When this situation became known to Chief Engineer Donald Haviland, he insisted that he would give his place in the lifeboat to a younger crew member and died with the ship. That crew member's name was Robert Tatosky. For his sacrifice, Chief Engineer Haviland was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal, the highest award for the men of the Merchant Marine.
The Bosun, Holcomb Lammon, collected dunnage from the deck and lashed it into a makeshift life-raft. Six Armed Guard and five merchant crew owe their lives to this raft. Lammon also died with the ship, and he was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal.
Aftermath.
The survivors were rescued by crew members from three British destroyers, , and HMS "Zelast". By this time the men in the water were so cold they were unable to help themselves, so the British sailors had to jump into the freezing sea with ropes tied around their waists to help them. When it was over, all of the Norwegian civilians had survived, nine Naval Armed Guard gunners, and two Navy signalmen were lost at sea. Captain Carini and fifteen fellow Merchant Marine crewmen were also lost. In 1946, Captain Carini was posthumously awarded the "Krigskorset med Sverd" or Norwegian War Cross with Sword. This is Norway's highest military award for gallantry and he is one of only two Americans, and 126 foreigners to have received this award.
Some of the surviving crew members from the "Henry Bacon" were taken first to Iceland and then to Scapa Flow. There, King Haakon VII of Norway presented them with the Norwegian War Medal, but not before they were interrogated as suspected German spies who had been planted in the water later, since no one believed that anybody could have survived two hours in the freezing waters. After being found innocent, the survivors returned to the United States on the , where they arrived at Newport News, Virginia, on 20 March 1945.


Ron Maurer

Ron Maurer (born March 10, 1963) is a Republican politician from the U.S. state of Oregon. He served in the Oregon House of Representatives until January 2011. He represented District 3, which encompasses most of Josephine County, including the cities of Grants Pass and Cave Junction. He ran for Oregon Superintendent of Public Instruction in 2010, losing to incumbent Susan Castillo. Following the election he took a job as the Director of the Congressional Liaison Service for the Department of Veterans Affairs in Washington, DC.
Early life and career.
A fourth-generation Oregonian, Maurer was born in Grants Pass and graduated from Oregon State University in 1985 with a bachelor of science degree in science education. He went on to receive a masters in continuing and occupational education from Kansas State University in 1989, and a Doctor of Education degree from Northern Illinois University in 1999.
From 1985 to 1994, Maurer was an officer in the United States Army, serving as a medical evacuation helicopter pilot and then in healthcare and hospital administration. Following his active duty service, he served in the United States Army Reserves from 1994 until his retirement in 2006. From 2001 to 2009, Maurer owned and managed the Rogue River Health Clinic in Rogue River with his wife and was a co-owner of Maurer Properties, LLC.
Political career.
Maurer served on the Grants Pass School District board from 2001 to 2004. In 2006, he was elected to the Oregon House of Representatives, representing District 3, defeating Democrat Howard Owens. In 2008, he was re-elected, defeating Democrat Julie Rubenstein and was elected Republican whip by his Republican colleagues.
In 2010, he ran for Oregon Superintendent of Public Instruction, losing to incumbent Susan Castillo in a closely contested election. He gave up running for reelection for the House in order to run for Superintendent and was succeeded by Wally Hicks.
Personal.
Maurer and his wife Sheila have six children (Remington, Trista, Winchester, Eliza, Deringer, and Ruger). He lives in Winston-Salem, NC.


Coldfoot Airport

Coldfoot Airport is a state-owned, public-use airport located in Coldfoot, in the Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area in the U.S. state of Alaska.
Facilities and aircraft.
Coldfoot Airport covers an area of at an elevation of 1,042 feet (318 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 1/19 with a gravel surface measuring 4,000 by 100 feet (1,219 x 30 m). For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2005, the airport had 1,000 aircraft operations, an average of 83 per month: 80% air taxi and 20% general aviation.


Mark Thompson (racing driver)

Mark Thompson (born July 9, 1951) is a retired American professional stock car racing driver, pilot, and businessman. He formerly competed part-time in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 66 Ford Fusion for MBM Motorsports, and part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 13 car for MBM Motorsports. At age 66, Thompson is the oldest driver to compete in the Daytona 500.
Military career and Phoenix Air.
Thompson started flying in 1973 by transporting skydivers. Later in the decade, Thompson founded Phoenix Air as a parachuting school, which later evolved into an air transport company with ties to fifteen U.S. and foreign government agencies, carrying government workers who had been infected with diseases, including Americans who had contracted the Ebola virus disease from Liberia to the U.S. Phoenix Air also provides tactical electronic warfare training services to the Air Force, the Air National Guard and the Navy.
Phoenix Air currently sponsors MBM Motorsports' Nos. 13 and 40 cars in the Xfinity Series. In 2016, Phoenix served as a primary sponsor for MBM drivers Thompson, Carl Long and Timmy Hill.
Racing career.
ARCA Racing Series.
During qualifying for the season-opening Lucas Oil 200 in 2015, Thompson became the oldest pole-sitter in Daytona International Speedway history after recording a lap speed of for his first pole in 18 years.
On November 28, 2016, MBM Motorsports announced plans for Thompson to race at the 2017 season-opening Lucas Oil 200 ARCA Racing Series race at Daytona; the race was Thompson's final planned ARCA start, though he would also compete at Talladega later in the season. Driving the No. 66 Phoenix Air Ford, Thompson qualified 15th, but finished 31st after he was collected in a nine-car accident on lap 49. In 2018, he returned again and raced in the Lucas Oil 200, though he was taken out in a violent late race crash.
NASCAR.
In 1993 and 1994, Thompson made three NASCAR Winston Cup Series attempts with Henley Gray, driving the No. 62 and No. 86, respectively. He failed to qualify in his first attempt at Darlington Raceway, but made the second race at Pocono Raceway after qualifying 38th. However, after eight laps, he retired from the race due to an engine failure, and finished 39th. In 1993, Thompson failed to qualify for the Pepsi 400 after not making an attempt. The next year, he joined Mike Brandt in the No. 66 Ford, but withdrew from the Daytona 500.
In 2015, Thompson made his Xfinity Series debut in the Winn-Dixie 300 at Talladega Superspeedway, driving the No. 13 for MBM Motorsports, and qualified 31st, while finishing 27th, two laps down.
In 2017, Thompson joined Premium Motorsports to drive the No. 15 Chevrolet for the Alabama 500 at Talladega, Thompson's first Cup event in 25 years.
In 2018, Thompson raced in the 2018 Daytona 500 becoming the oldest driver at 66 years of age to drive in the event. He finished 22nd in what would become his final race in any series.
Personal life.
Thompson's brother, Dent, was a writer at Walt Disney World until 1983, when he joined his brother at Phoenix Air; Dent currently works as Phoenix Air's COO.
Thompson holds an ATP license and has five type ratings.
Motorsports career results.
NASCAR.
Xfinity Series.
 Season still in progress<br>
 Ineligible for series points


List of Norwegian Air Shuttle destinations

Norwegian Air Shuttle is a low-cost airline headquartered in Fornebu, Norway.
The airline together with its integrated subsidiaries form the Norwegian Group, and has operated to several destinations across Europe, Africa, the Americas, and Asia. The group's largest base is at Oslo Gardermoen, with its main technical base at Stavanger Airport, both in Norway.
Norwegian was founded in 1993 as a regional airline to operate routes for Braathens SAFE in Western Norway. Airports that saw service from Norwegian Air Shuttle before the year of 2003 were mostly airports where the airline operated regional turboprop services for Braathens SAFE, prior to their inclusion in the SAS Group, which in turn led to the start of the current jet operation. It became a domestic, mainline low-cost carrier from 1 September 2002, when it began operating Boeing 737-300 aircraft. In 2006, Norwegian Air Shuttle established its first base outside of Norway at Warsaw Frédéric Chopin Airport in Poland. A year later, Norwegian bought the Swedish low-cost carrier FlyNordic, which was merged into Norwegian a year later.
In 2012, Norwegian founded Norwegian Long Haul as a subsidiary to operate intercontinental routes from Europe to Asia and North America. In 2014, Norwegian Air International was founded as an Irish subsidiary to operate flights and bases within the European Union. In 2015, Norwegian Air UK was founded as a British subsidiary to operate flights from the United Kingdom. In 2017, Norwegian Air Argentina was founded as an Argentinian subsidiary, before it began operating Argentinian domestic flights. In January 2021, Norwegian ended its long-haul operations to operate short-haul services mostly within Europe.
Destinations.
The list shows airports currently or formerly served by Norwegian Air Shuttle, its integrated subsidiaries Norwegian Air Sweden and Norwegian Air Norway, and its defunct subsidiaries Norwegian Air International, Norwegian Air UK, Norwegian Long Haul and Norwegian Air Argentina. The list excludes airports only operated to by charter services.
It includes the destination's country, city, airport name, with the airline's notable statuses marked if applicable, such as seasonality, as a base, as a future destination (with an accompanying launch date), or as a terminated destination.
, Norwegian Air Shuttle and its subsidiaries serve the following scheduled destinations:


USS Genesee (AT-55)

USS "Genesee" (AT-55), formerly Monocacy, was a fleet tug in the U.S. Navy in World War I and World War II built in 1905. She was scuttled on 5 May 1942 at Corregidor to avoid capture. Nevertheless, she was raised by the Japanese and designated as Patrol Boat No. 107. She was sunk by American planes on 5 November 1944.
Operational history.
"Monocacy" was built in 1905 by the Maryland Steel Co. of Sparrow's Point, Maryland. She was acquired by the Navy on 27 July 1917 from the Philadelphia and Reading Railway Co., in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and placed in service at the Philadelphia Navy Yard on 25 September 1917, designated SP-1116. She was commissioned 10 November 1917 as USS "Genesee" (Fleet Tug No. 55) with Lt. C. H. T. B. Tissell, USNRF, in command.
"Genesee" sailed from Philadelphia 20 November 1917 and, after joining a convoy at New London, reached Queenstown, Ireland, 27 January 1918. Until the end of World War I she operated in the Bremerhaven-Queenstown areas patrolling, towing, and serving as standby for deep sea rescue work. After towing from Queenstown to Brest, "Genesee" arrived Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 31 December 1918 and served as a tug at that port until 1 April 1919 when she sailed for Brest. She provided tug services and aid to stricken ships and finally got underway 30 September for a 7-month tour of duty off Spalato, Dalmatia, and in Castella Bay. On 17 July 1920 "Genesee" was designated AT-55.
Next assigned to the Far East, "Genesee" arrived Cavite, Luzon, 7 September 1920 for permanent duty on the Asiatic Station. She spent the summer of 1921 with the fleet at Chefoo, China, and returned to Cavite 19 September. Subsequently she operated as a tug, a ferry, and a target tow in the Philippines until she was scuttled at Corregidor 5 May 1942 to avoid capture.
Subsequently raised by the Japanese, she was designated "Patrol Boat No. 107". On 5 November 1944, American F6F Hellcats from Task Group 38.3 sank "Patrol Boat No. 107" off Lubang Island ().
"Genesee" was awarded one battle star for World War II service in the U.S. Navy.


Customs airport

A customs airport is an airport notified by the appropriate customs authority of the country as an airport which shall be airports for the unloading of imported goods and the loading of export goods or any class of such goods. Such places the places which alone shall be inland container depots for the unloading of imported goods and the loading of and clearance of export goods or any class of such goods.
Customs airports may not have international commercial flights, but if they have, the customs officers may only be in attendance for scheduled international services. Such airports may also have boarding stations in it or near them for the purpose of boarding of, or disembarkation from, vessels by officers of customs.


Raisa Surnachevskaya

Raisa Nefedovna Surnachevskaya (; 8 August 1922 18 December 2005) was a Soviet fighter pilot and squadron commander during World War II, as well as one of the very few pregnant women to have flown in combat. After the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941 she volunteered to join a women's aviation regiment founded by Marina Raskova and underwent training to fly Yakovlev Yak-1 fighters at Engels military Aviation School. She was assigned to the 586th Fighter Aviation Regiment for the war; on a mission with Tamara Pamyatnykh she shot down two Junkers Ju-88 bombers while patrolling a railway junction after a formation of 42 bombers approached. After they each shot down two planes and Pamyatnykh attempted to ram a third the formation turned around without dropping their payloads on the railways.


Thomas W. Travis

Thomas W. Travis is a retired lieutenant general of the United States Air Force who served as the twenty-first Surgeon General of the United States Air Force. Holding dual ratings as a Command Pilot and Flight Surgeon, Travis achieved the highest rank of any pilot-physician in the history of the program. After completing at total of over 39 years of active service in the Air Force, Travis retired in August 2015 to become the Senior Vice President of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences.


CFS Lac St. Denis

Canadian Forces Station Lac St. Denis (also CFS Lac St. Denis) is a former Canadian Forces Station that was located by Lac St. Denis, 60 miles north of Montreal in the Laurentian Mountains.
Construction.
The base, at 1674 feet above sea level, was 315 feet higher in elevation than the town one mile away. Lac St. Denis was midway between Morin Heights and St. Adolphe d'Howard on highway 329.
The radar station (Site C-2, callsigns Largo, Firefly and Crystal) was one of the oldest of the Pinetree Line sites. Construction had begun in 1949. During this time, there was a veil of secrecy imposed by the RCAF as to the real reason for the site. This sparked rumours and speculation among the local inhabitants, including one that the RCAF was building air defence weapons in a huge underground hangar.
RCAF Station Lac St. Joseph.
An advance party arrived to open up No. 202 RCAF Radio Station Lac St. Joseph, as it was known in March 1952. It officially opened the following month, and was fully operational by July of the same year. On September 15, 1952, 1 AC&W Squadron transferred its headquarters from RCAF Station St. Hubert to Lac St. Denis. In October 1952, the site became RCAF Station Lac St. Denis while 202 RCAF Radio Station became 11 AC&W Squadron. At the same time, 1 AC&W Squadron was re-designated 1 Air Defence Control Centre and remained as such until its disbandment, as the Montreal NORAD Sector, on 15 September 1962.
The station terminated manual operations on 15 September 1962 when it was SAGE capable, and began to report to the Bangor Sector at Topsham AFS, Maine. In September 1963, 11 AC&W began reporting to the Ottawa Sector at CFB North Bay. At one time a detachment of 1 Radar and Communications School RCAF Station Clinton Ontario were training enlisted personnel as Fighter Control Operators at the station. In September 1965, a new basic trade school to train Air Defence Technicians was formed to meet the forecast trade shortage. By 1973, over 25 courses had been run with almost 500 graduates.
11 AC&W was the operation responsible for the control of all test flights of the CF-104 Starfighters being built at Canadair in Montreal. The aircraft would leave the Cartierville Airport and proceed to the testing area under positive control of Lac St. Denis.
CFS Lac St. Denis.
The station, operating as 11 Radar Squadron, changed its name on 10 August 1967 to Canadian Forces Station Lac St. Denis (CFS Lac St. Denis) as a result of unification. In March 1972, CFS Lac St. Denis became a detachment of the North Bay-based Air Weapons Control and Countermeasures School (AWC&CS). Eventually Lac St. Denis acquired the Air Weapons Control and Countermeasures School and they carried on training Air Defence Technicians for two more years. The school was later moved to CFB Falconbridge and then to its current location at North Bay, Ontario.
The Canadian NORAD Region's ROCCs, both Canada East and Canada West, commenced operations in August 1984, with Lac St. Denis attached to Canada East.
Closure.
The station carried on with its assigned duties until it ceased operations in December 1985. CFS Lac St. Denis was closed on 1 August 1986.
Since then various business ventures have tried using the site without ever achieving any long-term success. The site is now abandoned, left open and easily accessible. The old concrete shell, graffiti-covered and in desolate state after fires and water infiltration, is often visited by paintball and Airsoft enthusiasts.


Cargo King


Mamamah International Airport

Mamamah International Airport was an airport under construction in Sierra Leone. It was part of the infrastructure to be built as Sierra Leone prepared to shift its political and administrative capital, away from over-crowded Freetown.
Location.
Mamamah Airport was to be located in Mamboima, near "Songo Village", Koya Chiefdom in Port Loko District, approximately , by road, south-east of Freetown, the capital and largest city in the West African country. The average elevation of Songo Village is , above sea level.
Overview.
This airport would be a large international airport capable of handling large passenger and cargo aircraft. The airport development was expected to be followed by the construction of a new State House, parliament building, ministry buildings, court houses and other support facilities. The developments were intended to improve Sierra Leone's competitiveness as the country prepares to become a middle income country by 2035.
Other related development projects are the planned bridging of "Tagrin Bay", which separates Freetown from the peninsula on which Lungi International Airport is located, and the ongoing expansion of the port of Freetown.
The Mamamah airport contract has been terminated.
The new SLPP government lead by President Maada Bio canceled the contract with the Chinese construction company, that contracted to build the proposed airport.
Construction.
China Railway International Group had been contracted to build the airport at a cost of US$318 million, borrowed from the Exim Bank of China. Work began in March 2018 and completion was expected in 2022.
Controversy.
This development project has drawn criticism from the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) because of the level of debt that the country would be left with.
Cancellation.
The project was cancelled in October 2018, following a change in government/president. The new Aviation Minister Kabineh Kallon said that the president saw no need for a new airport and preferred to refurbish Lungi International Airport and possibly build a bridge to link Lungi directly to Freetown. The Lungi Bridge project was later announced by the president.


List of airlines of Kyrgyzstan

This is a list of aircraft operators which are licensed by the Kyrgyz civil aviation authorities and which have been assigned "domestic codes" by the Kyrgyzstan authorities.


The Falcon Airscrew Company

The Falcon Airscrew Company was a British manufacturer of wooden aircraft propellers, formed during the first World War. In 1923 they claimed 90% of the United Kingdom's propeller production but had closed by the end of the decade.
History.
Formed by D. M. Davies during World War I, Falcon Airscrew gained a good reputation for its wooden propellers and survived the difficult transition to post-war production levels, concentrating on quality handbuilt wooden airscrews. Between 1922 and 1923 business expended significantly, and the company claimed to supply 90% of British aircraft demand. By 1924 "Flight" reported that they were probably known worldwide as the largest manufacturer of airscrews, producing a very wide range of sizes and types, including two-, three- and four-blade propellers, for almost all current engines. They were the largest suppliers of propellers to the British Air Ministry and most of the British Air Services' aircraft used Falcon airscrews. They also exported to most European countries. Production was running at 100-150 units per week. Falcon Airscrews also introduced a new way of attaching metal sheet to the propeller leading edges to protect them from damage. Despite this dominance in the early 1920s, by the end of the decade Falcon Airscrews had ceased trading.


No. 8 Service Flying Training School RCAF

No. 8 Service Flying Training School RCAF was a flight training squadron in 3 Training Command, of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (BCATP), flying Avro Ansons from RCAF Station Moncton, New Brunswick. The school was opened 23 December 1940. The school was relocated to RCAF Station Weyburn, Saskatchewan on 24 January 1944 and was disbanded 30 June 1944.
RCAF Eastern Air Command was the part of the Royal Canadian Air Force's Home War Establishment responsible for air operations on the Atlantic coast of Canada during the Second World War, including BCATP flight schools. Many of its assigned training schools conducted advanced flying courses including Service Flying Training (SFTS), Air Observer (AOS), Bombing and Gunnery (BGS), General Reconnaissance (ocean patrol) (GRS), Naval Aerial Gunnery (NAGS), Air Navigation (ANS) and Operational (OTU) training throughout the war. Together with some advanced aircraft types these units mainly flew older bomber and patrol aircraft that had been removed from active service.
These schools were not part of the Order of Battle of RCAF Eastern Air Command. However, 3 Training Command aircraft were very active over the entire Eastern Command Area of Operations. They made an important contribution to the surveillance of the region as a force multiplier, providing extra eyes and ears. During the emergency known as the Battle of the St. Lawrence their role was very important and some units undertook combat patrols.


RNAS Hinstock (HMS Godwit)

RNAS Hinstock (HMS Godwit) is a former Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm station located in Hinstock, Shropshire.
The following units were here at some point:


List of airlines of Kosovo

This is a list of airlines currently operating in Kosovo:


Solo Wings Aquilla

The Solo Wings Aquilla () is a South African ultralight trike designed and produced by Solo Wings of Gillitts, KwaZulu-Natal. The aircraft was also sold in the United States by Bateleur Sky Sports of Palm Coast, Florida in the early 2000s, under their own name.
Design and development.
The Aquilla was derived from the earlier Solo Wings Windlass and designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category, including the category's maximum gross weight of . The aircraft has a maximum gross weight of . It features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a two-seats-in-tandem open cockpit, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.
The aircraft is made from tubing, with its wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its span wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame control bar. The landing gear includes suspension on all three wheels and a steerable nose wheel. The standard engine supplied is the Rotax 582 twin cylinder, two-stroke, liquid-cooled aircraft engine. The Rotax 503 air-cooled two-stroke engine and the four-stroke HKS 700E and Rotax 912UL of are also available. Wings used include the Aquilla and .


Wood County Airport (Ohio)

Wood County Airport is a county-owned, public-use airport located one nautical mile (1.85 km) northeast of the central business district of Bowling Green, in Wood County, Ohio, United States on the campus of Bowling Green State University. It is owned by the Wood County Airport Authority and is also known as Wood County Regional Airport (WCRA). As per the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2009-2013, it is classified as a "general aviation" airport.
History.
Bricker Field.
The airport was established in 1939, and purchased by Bowling Green State University in 1942 for use in the V-12 Navy College Training Program. On its acquisition it was named Bricker field after Ohio governor John W. Bricker. After the war, traffic at the airport decreased well below capacity. A Lockheed T-33 was added as a Gate guardian between 1965 and 1967. Bricker Field was transferred from the university to the local government in 1970.
Facilities and aircraft.
Wood County Airport covers an area of at an elevation of 673 feet (205 m) above mean sea level. It has two asphalt paved runways: 10/28 is 4,199 by 75 feet (1,280 x 23 m) and 18/36 is 2,628 by 50 feet (801 x 15 m).
For the 12-month period ending February 23, 2007, the airport had 27,405 aircraft operations, an average of 75 per day: 98.5% general aviation, 1% air taxi and 0.5% military. At that time there were 47 aircraft based at this airport: 87% single-engine, 9% multi-engine and 4% helicopter.
The university fleet at this airport consisted of 19 aircraft in 2019, all either single or multi engine propeller aircraft.
The airport has an AWOS IIIP/T in operation.
The Bowling Green Flight Center is a 16,800 square foot aviation education facility at airport run as part of the Bowling Green State University aviation program. It was opened on April 27th, 2015.


Francis John Linnell

Air Marshal Sir Francis John Linnell, (16 March 1892 – 3 November 1944) was a senior Royal Air Force commander during the Second World War. He was Controller of Research and Development of the Ministry of Aircraft Production during the development of the Bouncing bomb, the weapon eventually employed in Operation Chastise. 'Jack' was dubbed Sir Francis in the desert in front of the British press by King George VI and posthumously appointed Commander of the Legion of Merit by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Career.
Francis John Linnell was born on Isle of Thanet, Margate and was educated at Bloxham School.
First World War.
Linnell joined the Royal Naval Reserve as temporary warrant-telegraphist in September 1914, serving with the Royal Naval Air Service in France and Belgium. He learnt to fly at the Grahame-White Flying School Hendon. Flying a Grahame-White Biplane he gained Royal Aero Club Certificate No.1338 in June 1915. Flt Sub-Lt Linnell was responsible for carrying out trials in a special Blackburn-built B.E.2c. The unique aircraft No.3999 was ordered by Admiralty for W/T experiments, it was fitted with a 70 hp Renault engine and had a top speed of 72 mph. Blackburn-built B.E.2cs are recognisable by the ringed airscrew motif on the fin and saw active service in every theatre during the war.
From March 1916 till the end of 1919 he served with the Grand Fleet as a pilot on , and and was mentioned in despatches twice. He ended the Great War with a permanent commission of captain in the newly formed Royal Air Force.
The Dunning Memorial Cup, given annually to the officer that has done the most to further aviation in connection with the fleet, was awarded Linnell in 1920 "... for flights which led to important developments in artillery and reconnaissance observation."
Inter war years.
From 1920 he worked as a Royal Air Force (RAF) Communications Officer at the Department of Civil Aviation, then transferred to Signals Staff duties at the Air Ministry in 1925. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in June 1923, the citation reads, "This officer has done exceptionally good work in connection with Signals. His liaison with the Navy and the Army has been excellent." He received special thanks from the Air Council for preparing the handbook on air communications and intelligence systems for the air defence of Great Britain.
His first command on 20 October 1930 was No. 9 Squadron RAF located at RAF Manston and then in September 1931 Wg Cdr Linnell was Officer Commanding RAF Malta. He spent 1933 attending the course at RN Staff College Greenwich after which he took command of No. 99 Squadron RAF
He became the first Station Commander at RAF Mildenhall four days before it hosted 70,000 people for the start of the RAeC MacRobertson Air Race (England to Australia) of 1934. Then in July 1935, the year of the Silver Jubilee, RAF Mildenhall welcomed King George V for the first ever Royal review of the RAF. Linnell returned to the Air Ministry in July 1935 as Deputy Director of Organisation, Department of A.M.S.O.
Second World War.
After attending Imperial Defence College from the beginning of 1939 until 25 August, he was attached to HQ RAF Bomber Command as Air Officer in Charge of Administration and Mentioned in Despatches in 1940. In February 1941 he joined the Air Ministry as Assistant Chief of the Air Staff in charge of Training. On March, 1941 he was awarded the Companion of the Order of the Bath. He was appointed Controller of Research and Development Ministry of Aircraft Production and an additional Member of the Air Council on 5 June of the same year. A post that he held until 19 April 1943.
From May 1943 Air Marshal Linnell was Deputy AO C-in-C, RAF Mediterranean and Middle East He was advanced from an Officer to a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in June 1943, and knighted in the field by King George VI, at an operational airport in the Tunisian desert. Linnell rejoined the Air Ministry in July 1944 for special duties. He died on active service, 3 November 1944, in a car accident in Oxfordshire, aged fifty-two. He was cremated at Charing (Kent County) Crematorium.
Linnell was posthumously invested as a Commander of the United States Legion of Merit in recognition of his outstanding services in the Mediterranean theatre of operations from 29 February – 29 June 1944. The decoration was presented to his widow, Lady Linnell, by Brigadier General E. F. Koenig at a special ceremony in London.
Project "Upkeep".
Linnell was apparently against the idea of a bouncing bomb reasoning that it was drawing development resources away from the prototype high altitude bomber Vickers Windsor, his thinking may have been influenced by Charles Craven, the Chairman at Vickers.
Early in 1943, tests authorised by Linnell in June 1942 at the instigation of Sir Henry Tizard, indicated that a bouncing bomb was technically feasible. A meeting between the Air Ministry, RAF Bomber Command and MAP decided to continue development of project "Upkeep" with a proposal to have a fully trained squadron ready by May. AOC-in-C of RAF Bomber Command Harris thought differently and saw the project as a waste of precious Lancasters. However Chief of the Air Staff Portal was convinced by film footage of the tests and ordered three Lancasters allocated to the project. One week later, at a meeting convened by Linnell, the number of Lancasters ordered had risen to a squadron and Operation Chastise was planned for that spring.
Personal life.
Only son of William Henry and Kate Linnell, he had one sister, Marjorie Clare. On 26 May 1917, 'Jack' married Margaret Christabel Carpenter of St Leonards-on-Sea, Sussex, at Christ Church, Turnham Green. They had no children.


Keila-Joa Airfield

Keila-Joa Airfield () was an airfield in Harju County, Estonia.
The airfield was built in 1920s. During the WW II, the airfield was used by Luftwaffe. During the Soviet Estonia, the airfield was used by Soviet Air Force. In the beginning of 1990s, the airfield was abandoned.


Francis Humphrys

Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Francis Henry Humphrys
(24 April 1879 – 28 August 1971) was a British cricketer, colonial administrator and diplomat.
Early Life and Cricket.
Francis Henry Humphrys was born in Shropshire, at Beatrice Street, Oswestry, where his father was assistant master at Oswestry School. He was educated at Shrewsbury School, where he was captain of cricket and head of the school, and Christ Church, Oxford, where he played first-class cricket for Oxford University. His first-class debut came against the touring Australians in 1899. He played 3 further first-class matches in 1900, the last coming against Sussex. In his 4 first-class matches, he took 13 wickets at a bowling average of 19.46, with best figures of 4/16. While at school, and later, he also played Minor Counties Championship cricket for Wiltshire.
Career.
After graduating from Oxford in 1900, Humphrys joined the Worcestershire Regiment and served in the Second Boer War. Following the war he was in February 1902 seconded to the Indian Staff Corps, and in October the same year he left his regiment and was transferred to the Indian Army. He was seconded to the Political Service and spent most of this part of his career in the North-West Frontier Province, although in 1918, towards the end of World War I he returned to Europe and served with a temporary commission in the newly formed Royal Air Force. In 1919 he returned to India, first as a political agent and then, in 1921, as deputy Foreign Secretary in the Government of India.
Following the Anglo-Afghan "Treaty of Kabul" of 22 November 1921, in early 1922 Humphrys was appointed the first British Minister to the Amir of Afghanistan, Amānullāh Khān.
In November 1928 a rebellion began in Jalalabad and tribal forces marched on Kabul, and in early 1929 Humphrys supervised the evacuation by air of several hundred Europeans in what became known as the Kabul Airlift. In the House of Commons on 4 February the Foreign Secretary, Austen Chamberlain, commended both Humphrys and his wife for their 'courage and fortitude'. In the King's Birthday Honours of that year Humphrys was given the additional knighthood of KCMG and Lady Humphrys was made DBE.
Later in 1929 Humphrys was appointed to be High Commissioner in the Kingdom of Iraq,
then under British administration. Following the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty (1930), which Humphrys signed for the United Kingdom, on 3 October 1932 Iraq became an independent kingdom and Humphrys became the first British Ambassador to Iraq.
In 1935 Humphrys retired from the diplomatic service and was appointed chairman of a Sugar Tribunal which resulted in the creation of the British Sugar Corporation, of which he was chairman from its formation in 1936 until 1949. He was also director of several other companies and was chairman of Iraq Petroleum Company 1941–50.
Family.
In 1907 Francis Humphrys married Gertrude Mary Deane, known as "Gertie", elder daughter of Sir Harold Deane, Chief Commissioner of the North-West Frontier Province. They had a son and two daughters.
He died at a nursing home at Hamstead Marshall near Newbury, Berkshire in 1971, aged ninety-two. Lady Humphrys died in 1973.
Honours.
Francis Humphrys was knighted KBE in the King's Birthday Honours of 1924, awarded the additional honours of GCVO in 1928 and KCMG in 1929, and promoted GCMG in the New Year Honours of 1932. Amānullāh Khān made him a member of the "Nishan-i-Sardari" (Order of the Leader), with the title of "Sardar-i-ala", in 1928; the King of Iraq awarded him the Grand Cordon of the "Wisam al-Rafidain" (Order of the Two Rivers) in 1933.


Air Creation Fun

The Air Creation Fun is a series of French single-surface ultralight trike wings, designed and produced by Air Création of Aubenas. The wing is widely used on Air Creation trikes as well as by other ultralight aircraft manufacturers.
Design and development.
The series are cable-braced, king post-equipped hang glider-style wings designed as docile beginner and flight training wings for single and two-place trikes. They come in two sizes, the Fun 450, named for its gross weight in kilograms and the Fun 14, named for its metric wing area.
The wings are made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its single surface wing covered in Trilam Dacron sailcloth, with a Mylar leading edge. The wing's crosstube is exposed and is of a floating design. The Fun 14 has a span, an aspect ratio of 7.4:1 and uses an "A" frame weight-shift control bar. The double surface portion is 40% and the wing folds using an "umbrella" system.