Luis de Montesinos

Luis de Montesinos (1552 – 9 October 1620) was a Spanish theologian.
Nothing is known of Montesinos' childhood. As an adult, he joined the Dominican Order and studied philosophy and theology in several Spanish universities. He was known there for both his scholarship and for his piety. After receiving his degree, he began teaching philosophy at university level, eventually becoming the foremost exponent of Thomistic theology at the University of Alcalá. Because of his great ability in persuading and explaining, he was given the surname "Doctor clarus". He possessed a singular charm of manner which secured for him at once love and respect. Such was his success in teaching that his lecture hall, though one of the largest in Spain, was too small to admit his audiences. He taught for thirty years, refusing all honors the church wished to give him. Towards the end of his life, he was beset with blindness, but he continued to teach until his death. Montesinos is the author of "Commentaria in primam secundae S. Thomae".


Heneage Horsley

The Very Rev Heneage Horsley (23 February 1776 – 6 October 1847) was Dean of Brechin from 1812 until his death.
He was the 3rd son of Samuel Horsley and died on 6 October 1847.


Ernald

Ernald (or Ærnald) († 1163) was the second Abbot of Kelso before becoming Bishop of Cell Rígmonaid (St Andrews), the highest ranking Scottish see in the period. He was elected to the see on Sunday, St. Brice's Day (13 November) 1160, and was consecrated at Dunfermline in the presence of King Máel Coluim IV the following Sunday by William, Bishop of Moray, the Papal legate. He is alleged by John Fordun to have founded the "Great Church" of St. Andrews. His short episcopate ended when he died, according to Andrew of Wyntoun, in 1163. He was buried in the church of St Regulus (Riagail).


Costache Ioanid

Costache Ioanid (; 3 December 1912 - 26 November 1987) was a Romanian poet and songwriter (composer) of Romanian poems and songs. He wrote many songs that are used all over Romania today, and is one of the best known Christian composers in Romania.
Biography.
December 3, 1912, Ioanid Costache is born, the fourth son of Titus and Ecaterina at Comandaresti in North Bukovina.
1923-Starts to study at the "Liceul Internat" highschool in Iasi.
1929-1934. He studied at the Academy of Dramatic Arts and graduated with the maximum grade. Opens the first exhibition of sculpture caricature. Works in clay, painted in oil colors in glass, wax, paper, wood.
Between 1934-1952 opens seven such exhibitions in Iasi and then in Bucharest.
1938 moved to the capital (Bucharest). Perform "nonpolitical Ballet", famous in that times. At one of the representatives participated King Charles II himself.
1939 - Married Elena Stefanescu in Iasi.
1940- While reading the Bible on a bench in the park, is noted by Mihai and Sabina Wurmbrand which invites him to the Lutheran Church pastored by Richard Wurmbrand.
Start-depth study of Bible and wrote his first Christian poems.
1941-1944. He is hired as Cartographer at the General Staff.
1958-1961. They live from painting. Attend the Pentecostal Church from Calea Mosilor. His writings circulated throughout the country illegally. He refused to write in the style of communist propaganda.
1961-1966. He works as a technical illustrator at IPROMET.
1963-was under arrest at Malmaison. He is investigated throughout the year.
1966- attend the Lutheran church. It is recognized as one of the leading Christian poets together with Traian Dorz and others.
1981-death of his wife, Elena.
1981, immigrating to the U.S. The first volume of poetry Taine (Mysteries) is published.
November 26, 1987, Thanksgiving Day, he died.
References.
http://www.resursecrestine.ro/biografii/66065/costache-ioanid - biography


David Jenkins (archdeacon of Sudbury)

David Harold Jenkins (born Belfast, 19 October 1961) is the current Archdeacon of Sudbury.
Jenkins was educated at the Belfast Royal Academy, Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge and Ripon College Cuddesdon. He was ordained in 1990 and after curacies at Chesterton and Earley held two incumbencies in Blackpool and Broughton. He was then Director of Education for the Diocese of Carlisle and a Canon Residentiary at Carlisle Cathedral until his archdeacon’s appointment.


Dina Bosatta

Dina Bosatta (27 May 1858 – 20 April 1887) was an Italian Roman Catholic professed religious (nun) who became a professed member of the Daughters of Mary religious congregation alongside her sister Marcellina. Bosatta became a nun in 1878 and assumed the religious name of "Chiara" and devoted her life to God and to the social welfare of neglected children and to the poor.
Bosatta co-founded – alongside her sister and Luigi Guanella – the Daughters of Saint Mary of Providence – and managed the order in her hometown and the surrounding areas. In her service to the poor she contracted tuberculosis which remained with her until her death in 1887.
Pope John Paul II presided over her beatification on 21 April 1991.
Life.
Dina Bosatta was born in 1858 in Como to Alessandro Bosatta and Rosa Mazzocchi – her father worked as a silk manufacturer who died in 1861 when she was but a toddler. She was the last of eleven siblings and one sister was Marcellina.
She studied with the Daughters of Charity at the age of thirteen in 1871; she also took work as a janitor around this time. She decided to consecrate her life to God and made the decision to become a nun so entered into the period of novitiate with the Canossians from 1871 to 1878; however she felt that their charism was not that of which she felt she was being called to and so left that congregation to pursue her vocation elsewhere. Despite this she was enthralled with their charism nonetheless and admired their spirit and strong dedication to their rules of life. Bosatta returned to her home and joined with her sister Marcellina and the two joined the Daughters of Mary that Carlo Copponi had established; Marcellina would later become the superior of the order. The pair also worked at a hospice to tend to neglected children and older people as well as teaching children.
The pair coordinated efforts at establishing a new religious congregation – the Daughters of Saint Mary of Providence – alongside Luigi Guanella. It was at this point that she took the religious name of "Chiara". She was professed as a nun on 27 October 1878.
Tending to the poor bought unwanted consequences for Bosatta when she contracted tuberculosis – this disease would remain with her until the end of her life.
Bosatta died on 20 April 1887 of tuberculosis. She had suffered with the disease more than in the past in the autumn of 1886 and relocated back to her hometown hoping that a change of climate would benefit her.
Beatification.
The process for beatification commenced under the direction of the Cardinal Archbishop of Milan Andrea Carlo Ferrari in 1912 in a process that would gather documentation and writings that Bosatta left in life. This process granted her the title Servant of God and spanned until 1917 in which the process was closed and halted for several decades. The Positio was compiled in a comprehensive manner to note her life of virtue and biographical details and was submitted to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints in 1986 for their own evaluation.
Pope John Paul II approved the fact that Bosatta had lived a life of heroic virtue and declared her to be Venerable on 1 September 1988.
The process of the investigation of a potential miracle attributed to her intercession was investigated from 15 April 1950 until 22 December 1951. Investigation of the miracle in Rome did not occur until a few decades later when the Congregation for the Causes of Saints acknowledged the process and ratified it on 25 November 1998. The pope approved the healing to be a miracle in 1991 and beatified Bosatta on 21 April 1991.
The current postulator of the cause is Mario Carrera.


Andreas Grasmo

Andreas Grasmo (7 November 1912 – 13 October 1986) was a Norwegian priest and organizational leader. He was born in Vardø; the son of parish priest Johan Oskar Grasmo. He graduated as cand.theol. from the MF Norwegian School of Theology in 1937. After World War II he organized humanitarian aid from the Church of Norway among refugees in Germany, a work which was the start of the humanitarian organization Norwegian Church Aid, with a worldwide scope. From 1952 he served as leader of the Church City Mission. He was decorated Knight First Class of the Order of St. Olav in 1970, and was awarded the Medal of St. Hallvard.


Celso Yegros Estigarribia

Celso Yegros Estigarribia (July 11, 1935 – April 6, 2013) was the Roman Catholic bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Carapequá, Paraguay.
Ordained to the priesthood in 1960, Yegros Estigarribia was named bishop in 1983 and retired in 2010.


Ole Nordhaug

Ole Nordhaug (born 3 February 1925) is a Norwegian Lutheran bishop. He was the first Bishop of the Diocese of Møre from its creation in 1983 until his retirement in 1991.
Career.
Nordhaug graduated in 1951 with his Cand.theol. degree from the MF Norwegian School of Theology. The worked for the Church of Norway as secretary of the Priest's Association and the Oslo Diocesan Council from 1965–1969. He then served as a pastor in Onsøy from 1969–1977. He became the Dean of the Fredrikstad Cathedral from 1977 until 1983. On 18 September 1983, Nordhaug was consecrated as the first Bishop of the newly created Diocese of Møre. He was seated at Molde Cathedral from then until his retirement on 17 November 1991.
Personal life.
Ole Nordhaug was born on 3 February 1925 in Bolsøy, Norway. He was married to psalmist Liv Nordhaug and he is the father of Bishop Halvor Nordhaug.


Joseph Jobberns

 The Very Rev Joseph Brewer Jobberns was Dean of Brechin from 1931 until 1936.
He was educated at the University of Aberdeen and ordained in 1895. After a curacy in Dundee he was Rector of Holy Rood Church, Carnoustie from 1896–1922. From 1923 he was the incumbent at St Mary Magdalene, Dundee.


Wilhelm Jakob Rink von Baldenstein

Wilhelm Jakob Rink von Baldenstein (1624–1705) was the Prince-Bishop of Basel from 1693 to 1705.
Biography.
Wilhelm Jakob Rink von Baldenstein was born in Birseck Castle on January 10, 1624.
On August 3, 1688, the cathedral chapter of Basel Münster elected him to be coadjutor bishop of Basel. On September 27, 1690, Pope Alexander VIII confirmed this appointment and also named Baldenstein titular bishop of Curium at the same time. He was consecrated as a bishop by Franz Christoph Rinck von Balderstein, auxiliary bishop of Eichstätt, on August 26, 1691. He succeeded as Prince-Bishop of Basel upon the death of Bishop Johann Konrad von Roggenbach on July 13, 1693.
He died on June 4, 1705.


Carlo Tancredi Falletti di Barolo

Carlo Tancredi Falletti di Barolo (26 October 1782 - 4 September 1838) was an Italian Roman Catholic noble who co-founded the Sisters of Saint Anne alongside his wife Juliette Colbert. Falletti came from a long line of nobles who originated in France despite the fact he was born and raised in Turin. He was admitted into the court of Napoleon Bonaparte where he would meet his future wife whom he married in 1806; he became a count in 1810 and relocated in 1814 to Turin with his wife where he became part of the local council and helped in infrastructure and educational developments.
Falletti's work extended to establishing a bank and a shelter for the children of poor workers while in 1835 he tended to victims of a cholera outbreak. His efforts in Turin during the epidemic as well as his other works saw him made a Commander of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus.
His beatification process launched in Turin in 1995 and he became titled as a Servant of God. He was titled as Venerable on 21 December 2018 after Pope Francis acknowledged that Falletti had lived a life of heroic virtue; his wife had been named as such back in mid-2015.
Life.
Carlo Ippolito Ernesto Tancredi Maria Falletti was born in Turin to the Barolo Marquess Ottavio Alessandro Falletti (27.7.1753-30.1.1828) and Paolina d'Oncieu (1760-1838) on 26 October 1782 in his parents' estate. Falletti was the last descendant of the noble Falletti line.
In his childhood he was known for his intelligence as well as his sense of justice coupled with piousness. He was concerned with matters relating to social justice and these traits grew as he aged. But Falletti also possessed a strong will to promote and operate for the good of all. In his childhood he would often travel with his father to France as well as to other places such as the Netherlands and Switzerland.
He served Napoleon Bonaparte in his court and it was there in Paris that he met his future spouse Juliette Colbert who hailed from France; he was forced to move to Paris once Napoleon called back the emigrated French aristocrats to his side in order to better support his court. It was soon after his move to Paris that he entered the page corps before becoming a chamberlain in the Emperor's household. Falletti and Juliette became close over time and discovered both shared a deep faith and a desire to improve the lives of others and it was Prince Camillo Borghese who helped to mediate their union and engagement. The two soon married in Paris on 18 August 1806 and lived in Paris (he was named as a count in 1810) until Napoleon's fall in 1814 which forced their relocation to Turin. The couple lived there but would return to Paris from time to time since Juliette's relatives lived in France. The couple remained childless and so decided to adopt the Turin poor as their own seeing that their childlessness was a sign of providence. The pair decided to remain a chaste couple and realized through this came the desire to act as parents to the poor of Turin. In 1816 he was elected to the council of Turin and soon became a noted municipal official. In 1823 the couple received permission from the Kingdom of Piedmont to found a home for former female prisoners and reformed prostitutes. His wife would oversee management for that home while Falletti dedicated himself to his civic duties.
During the 1825-26 frigid winter season he distributed bread and firewood to the poor and established both a free school for artisanal crafts and a bank for small savings in 1827. Falletti served as the Mayor of Turin (1.1.1826-31.12.1827) at the request of King Carlo Felice during which time he dedicated himself to secular and religious educational needs of the citizens while taking on projects for the integral development of his people. It was during that timeframe that he founded homes for the children of poor workers and helped to pave new roads and establish new gardens and fountains for Turin's beautification. Falletti also set aside land that became the Cimitero Monumentale in 1828 and set aside a personal plot for himself and his wife. In 1834 he and Juliette co-founded the Sisters of Saint Anne which would be dedicated to education and tending to the poor and those in prisons.
In 1835 a cholera epidemic struck the Piedmont area and soon spread to Turin. Falletti organized help for the ill and set about establishing aid centers and infirmaries open to all people who required medical assistance. But he was overcome with fear that Juliette could be infected so allowed her to render aid to widows and children while forbidding her from going near contagious patients. But this fear soon decreased and he allowed her to tend to whomever she wished. Falletti's efforts - civic and during the epidemic - saw him made a commander in the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus; but his efforts during the epidemic saw him exhausted and he once confided to Juliette: "I have confidence that Providence will arrange for me to leave first".
His health started to decline due to exhaustion and his doctors recommended that he travel to Austria in order to recuperate. But the couple stopped first in Verona hoping the alpine air would aid his recuperation when his condition deteriorated (struck with a violent fever) to the point that Juliette believed it would be best to return to Turin. But his condition had declined to the point that the couple had to stop in Chiari in Brescia where he received the Extreme Unction before he died during the night on 4 September 1838 in his wife's arms. His funeral was celebrated in the church of San Dalmazio in Turin, with a large crowd of poor people in attendance. Falletti's remains were interred in the plot he had set for himself but were later relocated in 2013 to rest besides the remains of his wife (which had been moved back in 1899) in the Santa Giulia church in Vanchiglia in metropolitan Turin. In 2008 his congregation of Sisters of Sainte Anne counted 1262 religious in 174 houses in places such as Cameroon and the Philippines; the general headquarters of the congregation is located in Rome.
Beatification process.
The Sisters of Saint Anne held their 29th General Chapter in Rome in 1990 and it led to an explicit mention of launching a possible beatification process for the Falletti couple. In March 1993 the postulator approached the Cardinal Archbishop of Turin Giovanni Saldarini asking to introduce the cause; the postulator soon after appointed Sisters Renza Peira and Nelly Grasso as joint vice-postulators and later Sister Felicia Frascogna after Peira died in 1999. The diocesan process was launched in Turin on 8 February 1995 and concluded its business on 21 December 2002; Falletti became titled as a Servant of God on 7 March 1995 when the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" (no objections) decree which acted as a green-light for the cause. The C.C.S. validated this diocesan process on 30 January 2004.
In 2013 the postulation began work in compiling the Positio dossier which was submitted to the C.C.S. for assessment in 2017; theologians advising the C.C.S. confirmed the cause as did the C.C.S. members on 11 December 2018. Falletti became titled as Venerable on 21 December 2018 after Pope Francis confirmed that the late nobleman had lived a life of heroic virtue. Falletti's wife Juliette was titled as Venerable on 5 May 2015.
The current postulator for this cause since 22 February 1992 is the Capuchin friar Paolino Rossi.


Franz Hoffmeister

Franz Hoffmeister (22 March 1898 – 27 March 1943) was a German Roman Catholic priest and the founder of the Sauerländer Heimatbund and Festspiele Balver Höhle.
Life.
Hoffmeister was born in Ramsbeck. He was consecrated to a Roman Catholic priest by bishop Hähling von Lanzenauer in 1924.


Fernando de Barrionuevo

Fernando de Barrionuevo, O.F.M. (died 1571) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Santiago de Chile (1566–1571).
Biography.
Fernando de Barrionuevo was ordained a priest in the Order of Friars Minor.
On 11 Nov 1566, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Pius V as Bishop of Santiago de Chile.
In Dec 1569, he was consecrated bishop.
He served as Bishop of Santiago de Chile until his death on 26 Jul 1571.


Stephen Ferrando

Stephen Ferrando (28 September 1895 – 21 June 1978) was an Italian Roman Catholic priest belonging to the Salesians of Don Bosco – an order that Saint John Bosco established. He served in the missions in Asia once he was ordained and was stationed in India where he led a diocese of his own. He also established his own religious congregation.
Ferrando's cause of sainthood has commenced and was granted the title Servant of God as being the first stage in the process. On 3 March 2016 he was proclaimed to be Venerable after Pope Francis recognized that Ferrando led a life of heroic virtue.
Life.
Stephen Ferrando was born on 28 September 1895 in Genoa.
Ferrando was ordained to the priesthood on 18 March 1923 at the Salesian Institute of Borgo San Martino in Alessandria.
A few months later he was assigned to serve in British India as part of the third batch of missionaries dispatched. Ferrando left Venice on 2 December 1923 along with nine other companions, reaching Shillong – then the capital of the Assam province of British India and headquarters of the Prefecture Apostolic of Assam – on 23 December. There he was entrusted with the task of forming future missionary personnel for the Prefecture, serving as the Master of Novices. He also served as the catechist and then the Rector of Our Lady's House in Shillong and in 1929, became a Council Member of the Provincial team of the Salesians in the diocese.
At that time, the Holy See had entrusted the Archdiocese of Madras as well as the diocese of Krishnanagar and also the Prefecture Apostolic of Assam to the Salesians.
On 9 July 1934, Ferrando was appointed as the bishop of Krishnanagar in Nadiab, the island-city in the province of Bengal; he choose "Apostolus Christi" ("An apostle for Christ") as his motto. He received – from the Archbishop of Calcutta – his episcopal consecration on the following 10 November. When the Prefecture of Assam was elevated as the bishopric of Shillong shortly after, Ferrando was transferred as the Bishop of Shillong as its second bishop on 26 November 1935, a position he held until 26 June 1969 when he retired (The diocese was then promoted to an archdiocese, so that his successor was an archbishop).
The new diocese was faced with many challenges, none greater than the shortage of personnel. Ferrando immediately threw himself into the work of increasing the diocesan personnel. On 18 March 1932, he wrote to the Rector Major of the Salesians: "St. Francis Xavier made that emotional appeal to the studious youth of his times. From the same wonderful land of India I renew his appeal so that many may come to work in Assam ... The harvest is rich... but the laborers are few".
At that time, missionaries were valued as facilitators for social improvement and uplift, and delegations were continually calling on Ferrando from the Asom, Khasis, Mundas, Karbis, Tiwas, Bodos, the Manipuris, Garos, Nagas and other tribes requesting that he assign priests, nuns, doctors, educationists and other personnel to their communities. In his annual report of 1945–46, Ferrando wrote: "This makes me very anxious, because if once a favorable occasion is lost, it is difficult to regain it". Missionaries such as L. Piasecki, A. Pianazzi, C. Vendrame and A. Ravalico expended themselves to conform and strengthen the Christians of the large and extensive diocese.
On 10 April 1936, the Bishop's House – formerly the residence of the Prefect Apostolic – went up in flames. Ferrando immediately began plans to build the diocese a proper Cathedral with adjacent seminary, bishop's house and a resthouse for exhausted missionaries. At the beginning of 1937, Ferrando spent several weeks visiting villages and baptized hundreds of catechumens and confirmed two hundred souls.
During World War II, the British Government ordered the internment of most of the Italian and German missionaries throughout British India. While fifty-six of his missionaries were interned or expelled, he was left with thirty priests and twenty other clerics to man the diocese. Believing it necessary to organize the local people to take up clerical positions, Ferrando founded the "Missionary Sisters of Mary, Help of Christians" (MSMHC) in 1942. In 1962, he succeeded at last in setting up the St. Paul's Minor Seminary in Shillong.
In early 1969, the Government of India declared that foreign missionaries must be recalled and replaced by locals. As a result of this, Ferrando too resigned (he submitted his resignation to Pope Paul VI) and made way for an Indian citizen to be appointed; he was appointed as the Titular Archbishop of Troyna. Ferrando retired to Italy, where he lived back in his hometown of Genoa.
Ferrando was a regular contributor of articles of missiological, cultural, anthropological, geographical and historical nature on the Assam Mission to such publications as the "Bollettino Salesiano", "Gioventù Missionaria" and more.
Ferrando died in Genoa on 21 June 1978.
Beatification process.
The process of beatification commenced in Shillong after the Archdiocese of Genoa transferred its rights to conducting the cause on 11 April 2003. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints – under Pope John Paul II – granted approval to the cause on 23 April 2003 which gave Ferrando the title Servant of God. The diocesan process spanned from 8 August 2003 until 13 August 2006. The Congregation declared the process valid on 17 October 2008 and began their own evaluation.
The postulation compiled the Positio for the Congregation and submitted it to them upon its completion in 2012. On 5 March 2015 the theologians advising the Congregation approved his life and virtues while the Congregation itself met on 23 February 2016 and also approved the cause's continuation – it received papal approval on 3 March 2016 allowing for Pope Francis to declare him as Venerable.
The postulator is Pierluigi Cameroni.
Sources.
The non-copyrighted book "Apostle of Christ: Essays in Honor of Bishop Stephen Ferrando, S.D.B." edited by Drs. Paul Vadakumpadan and Jose Varickasseril, Vendrame Institute Publications, Sacred Heart Theological College, Shillong, 2003, and more particularly, text from the essay "The Missionary Vision of Stephen Ferrando" by George Maliekal. .


Niels Friis

Niels Friis (died 1508) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Viborg (1498–1508).
Biography.
On 4 December 1498, Niels Friis was appointed during the papacy of Pope Alexander VI as Bishop of Viborg. He served as Bishop of Viborg until his death in 1508.


David Evans (bishop)

David Richard John Evans (b 5 June 1938) was an Anglican missionary bishop from 1978 to 1988.
Evans was educated at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge and ordained in 1966. His first post was a curacy at Christ Church, Cockfosters. In 1968 he became a missionary pastor with the Argentine Inter-Varsity Christian Fellowship, serving until 1977. He was the Chaplain of the Good Shepherd Church in Lima then Bishop of Peru.
Returning to England in 1988, he was an Assistant Bishop of Bradford (including serving as archbishop's commissary, i.e. acting diocesan bishop in 1991–2) until 1 July 1993. He then served as General Secretary of the South American Mission Society until his retirement in 2003; meanwhile, he was also an assistant bishop in Chichester, Canterbury and Rochester (all 1994–1997), in Birmingham (1997–2003). In retirement, he was an associate priest for the Stourdene benefice from 2003 until 2010 and an honorary assistant bishop in the Diocese of Coventry.


Maurus Gervase Komba

Maurus Gervase Komba (1923−23 February 1996) was a Tanzanian Roman Catholic bishop.
Ordained to the priesthood in 1954, Komba was named bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Tanga, Tanzania in 1970 and resigned in 1988.


Jean Hessels

Jan Hessels, Jean Leonardi Hasselius or Jean Hessels (Hasselt, 1522 – 1566) was a Flemish theologian and controversialist at the University of Louvain. He was a defender of Baianism.
Life.
Hessels was born at Mechlin in 1522, and obtained his doctorate in theology from Louvain.
He had been teaching for eight years in Park Abbey, the Premonstratensian house near Louvain, when in 1560, he was appointed professor of theology at the university. Like Michael Baius, who was his senior colleague, Hessels preferred drawing his theology from the Church Fathers, especially from Augustine of Hippo, rather than from the Schoolmen. While Chancellor Ruard Tapper and Josse Ravesteyn, Professor of Theology were at the Council of Trent, Baius and Hessels took the occasion to introduce new methods and new doctrines.
Not content, however, with a mere change of method they began to show their contempt for traditional opinions, and in a short time alarming rumours were in circulation both inside and outside the university that their teaching on Original Sin, Grace, and Free-will, was not in harmony with the doctrine of the Church. The Franciscans submitted to the judgment of the Sorbonne a number of propositions (18) selected from the writings or lectures of Baius and his friends, and the opinion of the Sorbonne was distinctly unfavourable.
As the dispute grew more heated and threatened to have serious consequences for the university and the country, in 1563, the Archbishop of Mechlin, Cardinal Granvelle, believing that the absence of the two professors might lead to peace, induced both to accompany theology professor the elder Cornelius Jansenius (later Bishop of Ghent) to the Council of Trent as the theologians of the King of Spain (1563). There, Hessels took an active part. He prepared the decree "De invocatione et reliquiis sanctorum et sacris imaginibus".
Even at Trent the Scholastic party found fault with his departure from the beaten tracks of learning; after his return the attacks continued. Rather than wasting his energy on dogmatic quarrels, Hessels, directed his efforts in polemical works against Protestantism. In his support of papal infallibility he was an opponent of Georgius Cassander. He also upheld the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception (impugned by Baius).
He died November 7, 1566.
Works.
His polemical works are:
He also wrote commentaries:
His chief dogmatic work is a "Catechism", first published in 1571, by Henry Gravius, who removed from it all traces of Baianism.


Marcantonio Durando

Marcantonio Durando (22 May 1801 - 10 December 1880) was an Italian Roman Catholic priest and a professed member of the Congregation of the Mission in an effort to follow the teachings of Vincent de Paul - an ardent focus of his life and pastoral career. Durano was also the founder of the Daughters of the Passion of Jesus the Nazorean (1865) - or Nazarene Sisters - and founded that order with the assistance of Luigia Borgiotti (1802-1873).
Durando was made a Servant of God on 23 March 1941 under Pope Pius XII once the beatification process started and Pope John Paul II both declared him as Venerable on 1 July 2000 and beatified him on 20 October 2002.
Life.
Marcantonio Durando was born in 1801 in Mondovì as one of ten children to Angela Vinaj (d. 1822); two siblings died as infants. The home overlooked the main square and near the Mondovì Cathedral. He was baptized in 1801. Durando's mother was religious and instilled faith in her children while his father possessed liberal ideas and was of agnostic tendencies.
Durando had as brothers Giacomo (4 February 1807 - 21 August 1894) - the foreign affairs minister of the 1862 Rattazzi Government - and Giovanni (23 June 1804 - 27 May 1869) - a papal soldier and general who refused the orders of Pope Pius IX in 1848 and moved his soldiers past the Po River to defect. His brothers were therefore involved in the Risorgimento.
In 1841 he commenced his studies for the priesthood in Mondovì. In 1816 he desired to join the missions in China. Durando made his perpetual vows as a member of the Congregation of the Mission in 1818 after completing his philosophical studies and having had received the tonsure and the minor orders. After his time in the novitiate he was sent to resume his theological studies in Sarzana. The Vincentian superior who oversaw his novitiate reported to the superior of his theological studies: "Brother Durando is someone of the highest quality in every way, and is clearly sent by God for the current needs of the congregation ... He is calm, he is sympathetic, is respectful and humble; so I hope you will be very pleased with him".
His studies were suspended in 1822 due to the ill health he faced and the death of his mother. Durando was ordained to the priesthood on 12 June 1824. His superiors refused to send him to the missions despite his requests.
He remained in Casale Monferrato until 1829 when he relocated to Turin. He remained in Turin until his death and was made superior of the Turin branch of the congregation in 1831. In 1837 he was appointed as the Major Superior of the Vincentians in the north and held that post until his death. This forced him to reduce his workload due to the greater work he had to undertake. Nevertheless, he continued to organize priests for the missions and preached spiritual retreats that attracted numerous people. He re-established the Ladies of Charity in 1835 for the noblewomen of Turin. Durando supported the new work of the Propagation of the Faith - created in France in 1822 that Pauline-Marie Jaricot founded - and in 1855 instituted the Brignole-Sale school for those wanting to join the foreign missions in which he oversaw the formation of priests who applied for missions.
Luigi Fransoni - the Archbishop of Turin - entrusted him with the spiritual direction of the Sisters of Saint Joseph and contributed to the writing of the rules for the Sisters of Saint Ann. He also became a spiritual guide for the Poor Clares. Tancredi Falletti and his wife Juliette Colbert were the founders and heads of those two orders branched for the two genders.
Durando tried in his mission as a priest to oppose the rigors of Jansenism that plagued the times. He saw the usefulness in introducing the Vincentian Sisters from France to the Italian peninsula and so petitioned King Carlo Alberto to welcome them; the king did so in 1833 and the sisters assumed charge of hospitals with an emphasis on those with soldiers in places such as Genoa and Turin. The first two religious came on 16 May 1833 with more arriving in August. In 1855 he sent the sisters to the frontlines during the Crimean War to help the wounded. Around this time the bishop Giustino de Jacobis invited Durando to serve with him in Ethiopia but the latter refused for his obligations tied him to Turin.
On 21 November 1865 he founded an order for women - the Nazarene Sisters - alongside Luigia Borgiotti who became one of the new order's first postulants.
He also spread the message of the Miraculous Medal of Catherine Labouré and to that effect established the Children of Mary in 1856. This caused an increase in vocations so much so that Carlo Alberto in 1837 granted them the convent of S. Salvario in Turin to use for their work.
In 1857 he wrote to his brother Giacomo during the period of anti-clerical sentiment and greater conflict: "With all my heart I want peace between the government and the church, and that there should be an end to this uneasiness in which we find ourselves all the time, and an end, in short, to this attacking of the church and its institutions and its rules, and, in short, that we be allowed to live and breathe". Durando wrote a long letter again to his brother in 1870 to explain his puzzlement at the hostile situation that also saw the loss of the Papal States.
Durando died on 10 December 1880. Giovanni Rinaldi - the superior of the Casa della Pace branch in Chieri - said of Durando's death: "we have lost another St. Vincent".
Beatification.
The beatification process opened in Turin after Cardinal Giuseppe Gamba inaugurated the informative process in 1928. Maurilio Fossati closed the process in 1930 which received validation from the Congregation of Rites in 1951. Fossati also inaugurated the beginning of an apostolic process that started in 1940 and concluded not long after. The formal introduction to the cause came on 23 March 1941 after he became known as a Servant of God under Pope Pius XII.
The official Positio then was submitted to Rome at which point theologians voiced a favorable response to the dossier on 12 January 1971 while a historical commission met and approved the cause on 21 September 1978. The members of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints voiced their approval as well on 27 March 1979 though met for a second time to discuss the cause further on 20 June 2000. Durano became titled as Venerable - on 1 July 2000 - after Pope John Paul II confirmed the fact that the late priest had in fact lived a life of heroic virtue.
The process for a miracle opened in Turin in 1936 and concluded not long after in which all interrogatories and medical documentation was collected. The C.C.S. validated this process decades later on 13 January 1995 while a medical board approved the healing to be a miracle on 19 February 2001. Theologians followed this verdict on 12 October 2001 while the members of the C.C.S. did so as well on 20 November 2001. The pope approved the miracle on 20 December 2001.
John Paul II beatified Durando on 20 October 2002. The miracle in question involved the cure of Mrs. Stella Ingiani who grew ill and later was comatose after the 28 November 1932 birth of her daughter in her home. Durando's order begged for their founder's intercession and Ingiani awoke from her coma to a rapid cure.


Nel Benschop

Nelly Anna "Nel" Benschop (16 January 1918 – 31 January 2005) was a Dutch poet. She was a best selling poet in the Netherlands.
Early years.
Benschop was born in The Hague and grew up in a strictly religious Dutch Reformed family. She followed the "Mulo" (advanced elementary education) and after that the "kweekschool" (teacher training college), graduating in 1937. She took recitation lessons from Lily van Haghe. During the Second World War, she also received diplomas for English and French.
After the war, she left her parents' house and became a teacher at a girls' boarding school in Driebergen. After that, she worked as a teacher of Dutch and French at a "Mulo" in Arnhem and a "lyceum" (grammar school) in Veenendaal. She retired in 1981.
Poetry.
Benschop started writing poetry in 1948. In the meantime she recited poems of others, with sometimes a few of her own added. She debuted in 1967 by Kok Publishers in Kampen with the volume "Gouddraad uit vlas" ("Gold thread from flax"). The publisher almost didn't dare to bring it out, but the volume was an enormous success, and was reprinted sixty times. Of all her volumes of poetry, a total of three million copies were sold. Benschop also wrote aphorisms. Several of her poems are often quoted in death notices, especially "In memoriam voor een vriend" ("In memoriam for a friend").
Her work is deeply Christian, and because of that has not been taken very seriously by literary critics. Her work is considered more pastoral than literary. She said herself, with some self-mockery: "I write meditations in rhyme". Recurring themes in her work are suffering, death and Christian comfort.
Personal life.
Benschop died, aged 87, in Arnhem.


Matthew Shenoda

Matthew Shenoda is a poet, writer, and professor based in the United States. Born July 14, 1977 in California to Coptic parents who immigrated from Egypt, Matthew Shenoda is a writer and educator whose poems and writings have appeared in a variety of newspapers, journals, radio programs and anthologies. He has been twice nominated for a Pushcart Prize and his work has been supported by the California Arts Council and the Lannan Foundation among others.
His debut collection of poems, Somewhere Else (Coffee House Press), was named one of 2005's debut books of the year by Poets & Writers Magazine and was winner of a 2006 American Book Award. He is also the author of Seasons of Lotus, Seasons of Bone (BOA Editions Ltd.),and author of Tahrir Suite: Poems (TriQuarterly Books/Northwestern University Press). With Kwame Dawes he is editor of Bearden's Odyssey: Poets Respond to the Art of Romare Bearden (TriQuarterly Books/Northwestern University Press).
Shenoda lectures widely and has taught extensively in the fields of ethnic studies and creative writing. The former Assistant Provost for Equity & Diversity and faculty in the School of Critical Studies at California Institute of the Arts, Shenoda also served as Associate Dean of the School of Fine and Performing Arts at Columbia College Chicago and Dean of Academic Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion and Professor of English and Creative Writing at Columbia College Chicago. Presently he is the Associate Provost for Social Equity and Inclusion and Professor of Literary Arts and Studies at Rhode Island School of Design. Additionally, Shenoda has served on the Board of Directors of several arts and education organizations and is a founding editor of the African Poetry Book Fund.


Frederick Boreham

Frederick Boreham (7 June 1888 – 1 February 1966) was Archdeacon of Cornwall and Chaplain to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.
Career.
Boreham served as a Missionary in China from 1917 to 1924 and again from 1928 to 1934. He was vicar of Holy Trinity Hull from 1937 to 1947. He also served as Archdeacon of Western Szechwan prior to his appointment as Archdeacon of Cornwall. He became a chaplain to Queen Elizabeth II on the occasion of her coronation on 5 August 1952, and remained in that post until his death in 1966. There is a memorial to him at Truro Cathedral.
Personal life.
Boreham married Mildred Slater and had four children, three of whom survived into adulthood: Peter, Cicely and John.


Jean-Pierre Kwambamba Masi

Jean-Pierre Kwambamba Masi (born 19 August 1960) is a Democratic Republic of the Congo Roman Catholic bishop.
Kwambamba Masi was born in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and was ordained to the priesthood in 1986. He served as a papal master of ceremony in the Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff from 2009 to 2015. He served as the titular bishop of "Naratcata" and as auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, from 2015 to 2018 and as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kenge from 2018 to the present time.


William Henry Milburn

William Henry Milburn (September 26, 1823 – April 11, 1903) was a blind Methodist clergyman. A friend of notables including Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, he was Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives in 1845 and Chaplain of the Senate fifty years later (1893 until his death in 1903).
Early life.
William Henry Milburn was born September 26, 1823, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Nicholas and Ann (Wyeth) Milburn, who were devout Methodists and often hosted well-known Methodist preachers in their home. His father was a prosperous merchant, until reverses in the economy led to the failure of his business. The family relocated to Jacksonville, Illinois, then still "the West" in 1838. There, Milburn was raised.
Before their move to Philadelphia, Milburn's left eye had been injured by a piece of glass thrown by a playmate. Kept in a dark room for over a year to attempt to aid healing, the eye was permanently blinded when doctors tried to remove the callus that had formed over it, using some kind of caustic. Sadly, the impairment of that eye led to a similar impairment in the other, causing him to be partially blind in his youth, and totally blind by his forties. Milburn's account of this disaster in his autobiography is eloquently compelling.
A bright young man, he was chiefly self-educated, though he had tutors in Latin and Greek, until enrolling Illinois College from which he was unable to graduate due to his waning eyesight. At the urging of minister friends including Peter Cartwright, Milburn became a Methodist circuit rider in 1843.
Ministry.
His early ministry consisted of hundreds of miles of travel on horseback each month, throughout the Midwest. On a steamboat in the Ohio he delivered a sermon in which he rebuked Congressmen on board for their intemperate behavior. This led to his name being proposed for Chaplain of the House of Representatives, a post to which he was elected in 1845 and reelected in 1853.
Thereafter, in succession Milburn served Methodist churches in Montgomery, Alabama and Mobile, Alabama, where, having been tried for heresy, he spent several years serving a free church. After serving his second term as House Chaplain (1853) Milburn moved to New York City where he was pastor of the Pacific Street Methodist Church, and then the John Street Methodist Church, while also engaged in a life of lecturing. He was elected for two more terms as Chaplain of the House in 1885 and in 1887. He preached and lectured throughout the United States, Canada, Great Britain and Ireland. Among his published works, his autobiography, "Ten Years of Preacher-Life" remains a vivid work of non-fiction and is readily available on line.
Milburn died in Santa Barbara, California, on April 11, 1903.
Personal life.
On August 13, 1843, in Baltimore, Maryland, Milburn was married to Cornelia Wilmot. She was the author of "Poems of Faith and Affection". Their four children (including a daughter Fanny), all died young. He adopted two children of Rev John Gemley.


Lumen Monteiro

Bishop Lumen Monteiro, C.S.C (born 1 February 1952) is an Indian Roman Catholic prelate, who serves as a bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Agartala.
Early life.
He was born in 1952 in Calangute, Goa, India.
Priesthood.
He was Ordained a Priest on 28 Oct 1980 in the Congregation of Holy Cross.
Episcopate.
He was Appointed Bishop of Agartala on 11 Jan 1996 and Ordained on 26 May 1996. He Chairs the North Eastern Diocesan Social Forum and as a representative of the Conference of Catholic Bishops of India (Latin rite) on the Governing Body of Caritas India.


Sigurd Halling

Sigurd Halling (20 July 1866 – 25 July 1938) was a Norwegian educator.
He was born in Lom to Honoratus Halling and Marie Henrikke Bomhoff, and was an uncle of Else Halling.
He graduated as cand.theol. from the University in Christiania in 1892. He worked as teacher and headmaster at various schools in Kristiania. From 1907 he was in charge of both Otto Anderssen's private school and the Conradi Sisters' girl school. These were united and renamed to "Halling's School". He was the principal teacher for prince Olav from 1913 to 1921. He was decorated as Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav in 1921.


Sophia of Saxony

Sophia of Saxony (died 1244) was a member of the House of Ascania, and the abbess of Gernrode (r.1220–1244).
Life.
Sophia was a member of the House of Ascania. Her parents were Bernard III of Saxony and Judith/Jutta of Poland, daughter of Mieszko III of Poland. Sophia was brought up in the abbey of Gernrode. Sophia's siblings included Albert I of Saxony and Henry I of Anhalt, the latter of whom was the advocate for the abbey of Gernrode.
Sophia succeeded Adelaide II as abbess of Gernrode in late 1220. The first recorded reference to Sophia as abbess is found in a charter issued in 1221.
In order to protect the abbey's wealth from embezzlement or theft, Sophia purchased extensive goods in Rieder. This purchase was confirmed by Sophia's brother, Henry I, in Aschersleben in 1223. A confirmation of all of the abbey's property and rights, issued by Pope Gregory IX in June 1227 also referred to the property in Rieder.
Sophia most likely died on 16 July 1244.


Pio Alberto del Corona

Pio Alberto del Corona (5 July 1837 – 15 August 1912) - born Alberto del Corona and in religious Pio - was a Roman Catholic Italian prelate and the founder of the Suore Domenicane dello Spirito Santo. He served as the Bishop of San Miniato from 1897 until his resignation one decade later. The bishop served as a humble pastor though reluctant as he was to accept his episcopal appointment while even protesting against an idea to elevate him into the cardinalate. He exercised his duties until his serious ill health forced him to resign from his see though was given a ceremonial position since Pope Pius X did not wish to relieve him of all his episcopal duties and functions.
He was cleared for beatification in late 2014 after a miracle was found to have been attributed to his intercession. His beatification took place on 19 September 2015 in San Miniato; Cardinal Angelo Amato presided over the celebration on the behalf of Pope Francis.
Life.
Alberto del Corona was born on 5 July 1837 to Giuseppe del Corona and Ester Bucalossi (d. 1839) as their fourth and final child; his parents served as humble footwear retailers. He was baptized on 8 July in the Siena cathedral in the names of "Alberto Francesco Filomeno". One sibling was his sister Teresa. His parents often called him "Albertino" as an affectionate name.
He felt a deep religious calling while he was a child and informed his parents of his decision to respond to this vocation in 1854. It is known that he spent some time of his childhood in Tremoleto and that he studied under the Barnabites at the Collegio di San Sebastiano. He made his First Communion on 16 April 1851 in a Barnabite church.
He first entered a convent of the Order of Preachers on 4 December 1854 after pleading with his father to do so and he received his habit at 4:00pm on 1 February 1855 after the Vespers recitation; he became a professed member of that order on 3 November 1859. He was later ordained to the priesthood on 5 February 1860 in the church of Saint Mark and he assumed the religious name of "Pio"; he celebrated his first Mass on the following 12 February.
Del Corona - along with Pia Elena Bruzzi Bonaguidi (whom he first met in 1869) - was received in private audience to meet Pope Pius IX on 8 May 1872 and from him received his blessing and encouragement of his work. He was granted the pontiff's personal imprimatur to found the "Asilo" of Bolognese as well as his own religious congregation. In 1872 he was appointed as the prior of the convent of San Marco and held that position until 1874. He founded the Suore Domenicane dello Spirito Santo in 1872 while in San Miniato culminating the work that he began almost a decade prior. Pius IX appointed him in 1874 as the Coadjutor Bishop of San Miniato and Pope Leo XIII appointed him as the Bishop of San Miniato in 1897 after the death of the-then bishop despite his great reluctance. Del Corona received his episcopal consecration on 3 January 1875 from Costantino Patrizi Naro in the Saint Apollinaris church. In 1899 he was made an Assistant to the Pontifical Throne which made him a Monsignor.
Del Corona used an iron chain as a penitential belt and he often used a whip to lash himself. His most prized possession was an episcopal ring with a topaz that Pius IX had given him in 1874. In 1897 he was present in Florence for the opening of the casket of Antoninus of Florence and removed the ring from the Antonninus's finger while replacing it with that of the one the pope had given him. On 17 April 1899 he was in Rome when he had learned of the death of his fellow Dominican - and the Cardinal Archbishop of Florence - Agostino Bausa. The pope received him in a private audience soon afterwards and suggested to him that he become the new archbishop and then be named as a cardinal. But he was horrified and protested against the idea though was later relieved when the pope decided to appoint another to the position.
The bishop decided to retire from the position in 1906 due to his serious ill health (on 4 August 1906 he was diagnosed with liver disease and was near-blind as well) however Pope Pius X refused to remove him from his episcopal duties in full and instead appointed the Cardinal Archbishop of Pisa Pietro Maffi as the apostolic administrator on 14 September until he could find a replacement; he settled on the latter in 1907 which legitimized his resignation. But Pius X still did not wish to remove the bishop from his episcopal duties so appointed him as the Titular Archbishop of Sardica which would be a ceremonial position in nature while raising him to the rank of archbishop. In 1910 the pope sent to him a personal and handwritten letter to him imparting to the archbishop his apostolic blessing due to it being the half-centennial of his ordination.
He fell ill and on 10 August 1912 received the last rites. Pius X also sent his blessing to him when he learned of his illness. He died at dawn on the Feast of the Assumption looking outside the window. He was buried in Florence in the Cimitero della Misericordia where his tomb soon became one of pilgrimage for the faithful. His remains were later transferred on 12 October 1925 and exhumed in 2001 for canonical inspection in the presence of Cardinal José Saraiva Martins as well as four bishops and fifteen priests.
Views of contemporaries.
His contemporaries of the age all held the late archbishop in great esteem. Pope Leo XIII once said that "he is one of the most learned and holy prelates of the Church". Pius X once held a private audience with the Dominican bishop Ludovico Ferretti and advised that the bishop "take good care of him, you know! That one is a saint!" The Cardinal Archbishop of Florence Ermenegildo Florit said that he was a "good and faithful disciple of Saint Dominic."
Beatification.
The cause for his beatification commenced in 1941 in both Florence and San Miniato which saw the late archbishop titled as a Servant of God; this process closed in 1959 at which stage theologians examined and approved his spiritual writings on 3 December 1971 (writings possessing no doctrinal errors). But the cause remained dormant for sometime before it was reactivated and a diocesan process was held from 2000 until 28 August 2002; documents from that and the informative process were sent to officials in the Congregation for the Causes of Saints on 4 September 2002. The C.C.S. validated these processes on 4 June 2004 and received the Positio dossier from the postulation in 2007. Theologians advising the C.C.S. approved the cause on 5 October 2012 while the C.C.S. themselves likewise approved it on 1 October 2013. The cause culminated on 9 October 2013 when Pope Francis declared him to have lived a model Christian life of heroic virtue and named him to be Venerable.
The archbishop's beatification depended upon a miracle attributed to his intercession and it needed recognition for beatification to occur. One such case was investigated (and received C.C.S. validation on 24 February 2007) but could not be investigated further in Rome until he had been named as Venerable. Once that occurred the miracle was examined and received approval from medical experts on 28 November 2013 while theologians also approved it on 29 April 2014. The cardinal and bishop members of the C.C.S. also approved this miracle on 16 September 2014.
The pope confirmed this healing to be a legitimate miracle on 17 September 2014 which would enable for him to be beatified. Cardinal Angelo Amato presided over the celebration on the pope's behalf on 19 September 2015 in San Miniato.
The current postulator for this cause is the Dominican priest Gianni Festa.


Charles Borromeo

Charles Borromeo (; ; 2 October 1538 – 3 November 1584) was the Archbishop of Milan from 1564 to 1584 and a cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was a leading figure of the Counter-Reformation combat against the Protestant Reformation together with Ignatius of Loyola and Philip Neri. In that role he was responsible for significant reforms in the Catholic Church, including the founding of seminaries for the education of priests. He is honored as a saint by the Catholic Church, with a feast day on November 4.
Early life.
Borromeo was a descendant of nobility: the Borromeo family was one of the most ancient and wealthy in Lombardy, made famous by several notable men, both in the church and state. The family coat of arms included the Borromean rings, which are sometimes taken to symbolize the Holy Trinity. Borromeo' father Gilbert was Count of Arona. His mother Margaret was a member of the Milan branch of the House of Medici. The third son in a family of six children, he was born in the castle of Arona on Lake Maggiore 36 miles from Milan on 2 October 1538.
Borromeo received the tonsure when he was about twelve years old. At this time his paternal uncle Giulio Cesare Borromeo turned over to him the income from the rich Benedictine abbey of Sts. Gratinian and Felin, one of the ancient perquisites of the family. Borromeo made plain to his father that all revenues from the abbey beyond what was required to prepare him for a career in the church belonged to the poor and could not be applied to secular use. The young man attended the University of Pavia, where he applied himself to the study of civil and canon law. Due to a slight impediment of a speech, he was regarded as slow but his thoroughness and industry meant that he made rapid progress. In 1554 his father died, and although he had an elder brother, Count Federico, he was requested by the family to take the management of their domestic affairs. After a time, he resumed his studies, and on 6 December 1559, he earned a doctorate in canon and civil law.
Rome period.
On 25 December 1559 Borromeo's uncle Cardinal Giovanni Angelo Medici was elected as Pope Pius IV. The newly-elected pope required his nephew to come to Rome, and on 13 January 1560 appointed him protonotary apostolic. Shortly thereafter, on 31 January 1560, the pope created him cardinal, and thus Borromeo as cardinal-nephew was entrusted with both the public and the privy seal of the ecclesiastical state. He was also brought into the government of the Papal States and appointed a supervisor of the Franciscans, Carmelites and Knights of Malta.
During his four years in Rome Borromeo lived in austerity, obliged the Roman Curia to wear black, and established an academy of learned persons, the Academy of the Vatican Knights, publishing their memoirs as the "Noctes Vaticanae".
Borromeo organized the third and last session of the Council of Trent, in 1562-63. He had a large share in the making of the Tridentine Catechism ("Catechismus Romanus"). In 1561, Borromeo founded and endowed a college at Pavia, today known as Almo Collegio Borromeo, which he dedicated to Justina of Padua.
On 19 November 1562, his older brother, Federico, suddenly died. His family urged Borromeo to seek permission to return to the lay state (laicization), to marry and have children so that the family name would not become extinct, but he decided not to leave the ecclesiastic state. His brother's death, along with his contacts with the Jesuits and the Theatines and the example of bishops such as Bartholomew of Braga, were the causes of a conversion of Borromeo towards a more strict and operative Christian life, and his aim became to put into practice the dignity and duties of the bishop as drafted by the recent Council of Trent.
Archbishop of Milan.
Borromeo was appointed an administrator of the Archdiocese of Milan on 7 February 1560. After his decision to put into practice the role of bishop, he decided to be ordained priest (4 September 1563) and on 7 December 1563 he was consecrated bishop in the Sistine Chapel by Cardinal Giovanni Serbelloni. Borromeo was formally appointed archbishop of Milan on 12 May 1564 after the former archbishop Ippolito II d'Este waived his claims on that archbishopric, but he was only allowed by the pope to leave Rome one year later. Borromeo made his formal entry into Milan as archbishop on 23 September 1565.
Reform in Milan.
After the death of his uncle, Pius IV (1566), Borromeo contributed materially to suppressing the cabals of the conclave. Before Borromeo went to Milan, while he was overseeing reform in Rome, a nobleman remarked that the latter city was no longer a place to enjoy oneself or to make a fortune. "Carlo Borromeo has undertaken to remake the city from top to bottom," he said, predicting that the reformer's enthusiasm "would lead him to correct the rest of the world once he has finished with Rome."
Subsequently, he devoted himself to the reformation of his diocese which had deteriorated in practice owing to the 80-year absence of previous archbishops. Milan was the largest archdiocese in Italy at the time, with more than 3,000 clergy and 800,000 people. Both its clergy and laity had drifted from church teaching. The selling of indulgences and ecclesiastical positions was prevalent; monasteries were "full of disorder"; many religious were "lazy, ignorant, and debauched". Borromeo made numerous pastoral visits, and restored dignity to divine service. He urged churches to be designed in conformity with the decrees of the Council of Trent, which stated that sacred art and architecture lacking adequate scriptural foundation was in effect prohibited, as was any inclusion of classical pagan elements in religious art. He divided the nave of the church into two compartments to separate the sexes at worship.
He extended his reforms to the collegiate churches, monasteries and even to the Confraternities of Penitents, particularly that of St. John the Baptist. This group was to attend to prisoners and those condemned to death, to give them help and support.
Borromeo believed that abuses in the church arose from ignorant clergy. Among his most important actions, he established seminaries, colleges, and communities for the education of candidates for holy orders. His emphasis on Catholic learning greatly increased the preparation of men for the priesthood and benefited their congregations. In addition, he founded the fraternity of Oblates of St. Ambrose, a society of secular men who did not take orders, but devoted themselves to the church and followed a discipline of monastic prayers and study. They provided assistance to parishes where ordered by the church. The new archbishop's efforts for catechesis and the instruction of youth included the initiation of the first "Sunday School" classes and the work of the Confraternity for Christian Doctrine.
Borromeo diocesan reforms faced opposition from several religious orders, particularly that of the Humiliati (Brothers of Humility), a penitential order which, although reduced to about 170 members, owned some ninety monasteries. Some members of that society formed a conspiracy against his life, and a shot was fired at him in the archiepiscopal chapel. His survival was considered miraculous.
In 1576 there was famine at Milan due to crop failures, and later an outbreak of the plague. The city's trade fell off, and along with it the people's source of income. The Governor and many members of the nobility fled the city, but the bishop remained, to organize the care of those affected and to minister to the dying. He called together the superiors of all the religious communities in the diocese and won their cooperation. Borromeo tried to feed 60,000 to 70,000 people daily. He used up his own funds and went into debt to provide food for the hungry. Finally, he wrote to the Governor, and successfully persuaded him to return.
Influence on English affairs.
Borromeo had also been involved in English affairs when he assisted Pius IV. Many English Catholics had fled to Italy at this time because of the persecutions under Queen Elizabeth I. He gave pastoral attention to English Catholics who fled to Italy to escape the new laws against the Catholic faith. Edmund Campion, a Jesuit, along with Ralph Sherwin visited him at Milan in 1580 on their way to England. They stayed with him for eight days, talking with him every night after dinner. A Welshman, Griffith Roberts, served as his canon theologian, and an Englishman, Thomas Goldwell, as vicar-general. The archbishop carried on his person a small picture of John Fisher, who, with Thomas More, had been executed during the reign of Henry VIII, and for whom he held a great veneration. During the nineteenth-century Catholic restoration in England, Cardinal Wiseman was to institute an order of Oblates of St Charles, led by Henry Edward Manning, as a congregation of secular priests directly supporting the Archbishop of Westminster.
Persecution of religious dissidents.
Though the Diet of Ilanz of 1524 and 1526 had proclaimed freedom of worship in the Republic of the Three Leagues, Borromeo repressed Protestantism in the Swiss valleys. The Catholic Encyclopedia relates: "In November [1583] he began a visitation as Apostolic visitor of all the cantons of Switzerland and the Grisons, leaving the affairs of his diocese in the hands of Monsignor Owen Lewis, his vicar-general. He began in the Mesoleina Valley; here not only was their heresy to be fought, but also witchcraft and sorcery, and at Roveredo it was discovered that "the provost or rector, was the foremost in sorceries." During his pastoral visit to the region, 150 people were arrested for practicing witchcraft. Eleven women and the provost were condemned to be burned alive.
Reacting to the pressure of the Protestant Reformation, Borromeo encouraged Ludwig Pfyffer in his development of the Golden League, but did not live to see its formation in 1586. Based in Lucerne, the organization (also called the Borromean League) linked activities of several Swiss Catholic cantons of Switzerland, which became the center of Catholic Counter-Reformation efforts. This organization was determined to expel heretics and burned some people at the stake. It created severe strains in the civil administration of the confederation, and caused the break-up of Appenzell canton along religious lines.
Controversy and last days.
Borromeo was described by a biographer as "an austere, dedicated, humorless and uncompromising personality". Charged with implementing the reforms dictated by the Council of Trent, his uncompromising stance brought him into conflict with secular leaders, priests, and even the Pope. He met with much opposition to his reforms. The governor of the province and many of the senators addressed complaints to the courts of Rome and Madrid.
In 1584, during his annual retreat at Monte Varallo, he fell ill with "intermittent fever and ague", and on returning to Milan grew rapidly worse. After receiving the Last Sacraments, he died quietly on 4 November at the age of 46.
Veneration.
Following his death, popular devotion to Borromeo arose quickly and continued to grow. The Milanese celebrated his anniversary as though he were already a saint, and supporters in a number of cities collected documentation to support his canonization. In 1602 Clement VIII beatified Borromeo. In 1604 his case was sent on to the Congregation of Rites. On 1 November 1610, Paul V canonized Borromeo. Three years later, the church added his feast to the General Roman Calendar for celebration on 4 November. Along with Guarinus of Palestrina and perhaps Anselm of Lucca, he is one of only two or three cardinal-nephews to have been canonized.
Charles Borromeo is the patron saint of bishops, catechists and seminarians.
Iconography.
Borromeo's emblem is the Latin word "humilitas" (humility), which is a portion of the Borromeo shield. He is usually represented in art in his robes, barefoot, carrying the cross as archbishop, a rope around his neck, one hand raised in blessing, thus recalling his work during the plague.
Sources.
Borromeo' biography was originally written by three of his contemporaries: Agostino Valerio (afterwards cardinal and Bishop of Verona) and Carlo Bascape (General of the Barnabites, afterwards Bishop of Novara), who wrote their contributions in Latin, and Pietro Giussanno (a priest), who wrote his in Italian. Giussanno's account was the most detailed of the three.
Legacy.
Borromeo's correspondence shows his influential position in Europe during his lifetime. The popes under whom he served sought his advice. The Catholic sovereigns of Europe – Henry III of France, Philip II of Spain, Mary, Queen of Scots – and others showed how they valued his influence. Cardinal Valerio of Verona said of him that Borromeo was "to the well-born a pattern of virtue, to his brother cardinals an example of true nobility." Cardinal Baronius styled him "a second Ambrose, whose early death, lamented by all good men, inflicted great loss on the Church."
Late in the sixteenth or at the beginning of the seventeenth century, Catholics in England circulated among themselves a "Life of St. Charles".
Churches.
A large number of churches dedicated to St. Charles Borromeo exist, including:
Seminaries.
St Charles Borromeo Minor Seminary Senior High School, Tamale, Ghana


Apiarius of Sicca

Apiarius of Sicca was an African priest convicted by the Bishops of Africa of numerous unspecified crimes in the early 5th century AD, and excommunicated by Bishop Urbanus of Sicca Veneria. In 418 Apiarius appealed his convictions directly to Pope Zosimus (Term of Office: March 417-December 418) bypassing the African Bishops appeals system. Pope Zosimus, citing the Nicene Canons, sent legates to assess the charges. The Canon citation: "When a bishop thinks he has been unjustly deposed by his colleagues he may appeal to Rome, and the Roman bishop shall have the business decided by judices in partibus"; was not of the Nicene Canons, but rather part of the Sardica Canons. The Bishops of Africa, not finding the statement in their copies of Nicene Canons, sought copies of the Nicene Canons from the Archbishops of Constantinople, Alexandria, and Antioch.
Pope Boniface I (Term of Office: December 418-423) took over the appeal by Apiarius of Sicca in 418 at the death of Pope Zosimus. In 419 the Bishops of Africa sent the copies of the Nicene Canons obtained from Alexandria and Constantinople to justify their position that the Nicene Canons did not permit Pope Zosimus' actions.
The controversy over the right of a bishop to appeal directly to Rome outlasted Pope Boniface and was still the subject of correspondence during the term of Celestine I (Term of Office: 423-432), successor to Boniface.
The disposition of the appeal of Apiarius of Sicca is not known.
References.
http://www.presbytersproject.ihuw.pl/index.php?id=4&PresbyterID=105


Prudentius

Aurelius Prudentius Clemens () was a Roman Christian poet, born in the Roman province of Tarraconensis (now Northern Spain) in 348. He probably died in the Iberian Peninsula some time after 405, possibly around 413. The place of his birth is uncertain, but it may have been Caesaraugusta (Saragossa), Tarraco (Tarragona), or Calagurris (Calahorra).
Life.
Prudentius practiced law with some success, and was twice provincial governor, perhaps in his native country, before the emperor Theodosius I summoned him to court. Towards the end of his life (possibly around 392) Prudentius retired from public life to become an ascetic, fasting until evening and abstaining entirely from animal food; and writing poems, hymns, and controversial works in defence of Christianity. Prudentius later collected the Christian poems written during this period and added a preface, which he himself dated 405.
Poetry.
The poetry of Prudentius is influenced by early Christian authors, such as Tertullian and St. Ambrose, as well as the Bible and the acts of the martyrs. His hymn "Da, puer, plectrum" (including "Corde natus ex parentis": "Of the Father's Love Begotten") and the hymn for Epiphany "O sola magnarum urbium" ("Earth Has Many A Noble City"), both from the "Cathemerinon", are still in use today.
The allegorical "Psychomachia", however, is his most influential work, incorporating as it did elements of both Hellenic epic and inner psychological conflict. It became the inspiration and wellspring of medieval allegorical literature, its influence (according to C. S. Lewis) exceeding its intrinsic artistic merit. In the battle between virtue and vice, full weight is given to the power of Luxuria, “Flowershod and swaying from the wine cup, Every step a fragrance”. With her attendants Beauty and Pleasure, and her weapons of rose-petals and violets, she succeeds in swaying the army of Virtue “in surrender to love”, before succumbing to ultimate defeat.
Influence.
With his merger of Christianity with classical culture, Prudentius was one of the most popular medieval authors, being aligned as late as the 13th century alongside such figures as Horace and Statius in Henri d'Andeli's "Battle of the Seven Arts" between Grammar (poetry) and Logic.
Works.
The list of Prudentius's works given in the preface to his autobiography mentions the hymns, poems against the Priscillianists and against Symmachus and Peristephanon. The Diptychon is not mentioned. The twelve hymns of the Cathemerinon liber ("Daily Round") consist of six for daily use, five for festivals, and one intended for every hour of the day.
The specific works include:


Manuel Afonso de Guerra

Manuel Afonso de Guerra was a Portuguese Bishop who served as Governor of Portuguese Cape Verde from 1622 until his death on 8 March 1624. This title was held jointly with his role as Bishop of Santiago de Cabo Verde, which he held from 24 February 1616 until his death. He was succeeded as bishop by Lorenzo Garro.


Giovanni Maria Camilleri

Giovanni Maria Camilleri (15 March 1843 – 7 November 1924) was a Maltese prelate who became the fourth bishop of Gozo.
Life.
Camilleri was born in Valletta, Malta on March 15, 1843. At the age of 24 he was ordained priest of the Order of St Augustine. On February 11, 1889 Pope Leo XIII appointed Camilleri to the vacant see of Gozo to succeed Pietro Pace who was appointed as bishop of Malta. He was consecrated on February 24, 1889 by Cardinal Mariano Rampolla in the Basilica of Sant'Agostino in Rome. On May 12 he was installed as the fourth bishop of Gozo in the cathedral of the diocese. On January 21, 1924 Pope Pius XI accepted the resignation of Bishop Camilleri as bishop of Gozo and was appointed as Titular Bishop of Methone. Ten months later, on November 7, Camilleri died in Rabat, Malta at the age of 81.


Joseph Dadson

Joseph Kobina Dadson was an Anglican bishop in Ghana: he was Bishop of Sunyani-Tamale from 1981 to 1997.
Dadson was born in 1927 and educated at the University of Ghana. He was ordained in 1958 and served in the Diocese of Accra as a Military chaplain. He was Archdeacon of Accra from 1978 to 1981; and Vicar general of Accra from 1980 to 1981.


Andy Jolley

Andrew John Jolley (b Nottingham 21 March 1961) has been Archdeacon of Bradford in the Church of England Diocese of Leeds since 2016.
Jolley was educated at Loughborough Grammar School, the University of Nottingham and Warwick University. A former management consultante he was ordained after a period of study at St John's College, Nottingham in 1999. After a curacy in Sparkhill he was Vicar of Aston and Nechells from 2002 until his appointment as archdeacon.


Deidre Palmer

Deidre Palmer is the President of the Uniting Church in Australia since 8 July 2018. She is a counsellor, theologian, and social worker. She was the Moderator of the Uniting Church's Synod of South Australia from 2013 to 2016.
Education.
Palmer has a Master of Religious Education from Duke University, a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Religious Education and Theology from Boston College and a Master of Social Work from Flinders University.
Palmer is on the academic faculty at the Uniting College for Leadership and Theology (Parkin-Wesley) in the Adelaide College of Divinity of Flinders University (South Australia). She has previously had a teaching role at the Perkins School of Theology of Southern Methodist University, (Dallas, Texas, USA).
Uniting Church in Australia.
Palmer’s roles within the Uniting Church in Australia have included:
President of the Assembly.
Palmer was elected at the 14th Triennial Assembly on 16 July 2015 to become President-elect to commence her term as president in 2018. She was installed as President at the opening of the 15th Assembly, at a worship service at St Michael's Uniting Church, Melbourne. Palmer is the second woman to be appointed to the role of President, following Dr Jill Tabart who served in the role from 1994 to 1997.
A few days after her installation as President, Palmer presided over the election of her successor. Reverend Sharon Hollis, the moderator of the Synod of Victoria and Tasmania, was elected to take on the role of President from the beginning of the sixteenth assembly to be held in Queensland in 2021.
Personal.
Palmer is married to Lawrie Palmer and they have two adult daughters. They attend Rosefield Uniting Church in Adelaide.


Otimus

Otimus is a 3rd-century Egyptian martyr and saint. Otimus was born in Fowwa, and later became its priest. After some time, he moved to the mountain of Ansena. When Emperor Diocletian incited his persecution against the Christians, Arianus the governor of Ansena called for Otimus and ordered him to worship the idols. When Otimus refused, Arianus tortured him and eventually ordered him to be burned on 3 Pashons. The relics of Otimus are believed to be in the city of Kalabsha.


Franciscus Kopong Kung

Franciscus Kopong Kung (born 3 August 1950) is an Indonesian Roman Catholic bishop.
Biography.
Born in East Flores Regency, Kopong Kung was ordained a priest in the Archdiocese of Ende on 29 June 1982.
On 2 October 2001 Kopong Kung was named coadjutor bishop of the diocese of Larantuka, due to the poor health of then bishop Darius Nggawa. On 10 January 2002 Kopong Kung was ordained as bishop, with Nggawa being the principle consecrator, and Longinus Da Cunha, then archbishop of Ende, and Leo Laba Ladjar O.F.M. being the two co-consecrators. After Nggawa's official retirement after he turned 75, Kopong Kung was installed as permanent bishop of Larantuka on 16 June 2004.
Kopong Kung has been the chair of the Indonesian Bishops' Conference of the Family Commission for two terms starting in 2012.
After priest and monks in his diocese held demonstrations over the killing of a man by police in March 2014, Kopong Kung refused to denounce the clergy who protested but warned them to not drag the Catholic church in Indonesia into politics.
Kopong Kung was one of the co-consecrators of Ewaldus Martinus Sedu, who was ordained bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Maumere on 26 September 2018. Gerulfus Kherubim Pareira S.V.D and Vincentius Sensi Potokota were the other two consectators. More than 20,000 people reportedly attended the event.


Maddalena Panattieri

Maddalena Panattieri (1443 – 13 October 1503) was an Italian Roman Catholic nun and a professed member of the Sisters of Penance of Saint Dominic since her late adolescence. Panattieri was a stigmatic and received visions during her life with one in particular being the French invasion of the Italian peninsula. She served as a catechist to children and was noted for her simple existence.
Panattieri was beatified on 26 September 1897 after Pope Leo XII confirmed that there was a longstanding 'cultus' (or popular devotion) to the late religious.
Life.
Maddalena Panattieri was born in Trino in 1443 and as a child fostered a great devotion to Catherine of Siena. She joined the Order of Preachers not long before 1463 as part of the tertiaries rather than as a formal religious; this was considered unusual since members were mainly widows and older women. She made a private vow as a child to remain chaste.
Panattieri lived at home alongside her relations and devoted her time to the care of both the poor and the ill and she would often give talks to children (she was quite fond of children) while later speaking with priests and nuns. She would instruct these children in catechism which led to older people flocking to hear her speak on the subject. Panattieri also received the stigmata later in life though kept this a secret. The reform movement of Raymond of Capua of the order saw the religious promote it in Trino. God also revealed to her the coming French invasion of the Italian peninsula though she would not live to see it.
She often spent her mornings in Eucharistic Adoration while her afternoons saw her administering to both the ill and the poor; she became noted for her austerities which included wearing a rough woolen shirt and for her long fasts. When her brother kept getting into trouble (and his conduct exceeded all patience) she would fall to her knees before a Crucifix and would beg for God to intervene and help her brother. Through her efforts the order was inspired to undertake a more strict observance which led to Sebastian Maggi - from Milan - coming in 1490 to inaugurate this at her request.
On one occasion a rich councilor from Milan - who harbored great hatred towards the faith - was excommunicated and he hit her across the face in public and called her names. She dropped to her knees and said: "Brother here is the other cheek. I give it to you in love of Jesus Christ" which infuriated the man further. But justice was too late for the man died a violent death from a painful and incurable disease not long after this incident.
Panattieri died on 13 October 1503 in Trino. On her deathbed she said: "I could not be happy in Heaven if you were not there too" to those assembled near her bedside. She sang "Jesus our Redeemer" and the "Ave Maria" prior to her death. Her remains were found in 1964 and transferred in 1970.
Beatification.
Panattieri received formal beatification from Pope Leo XII on 26 September 1827 once the pontiff confirmed that a 'cultus' (or popular devotion) to Panattieri existed and endured since her death.


Jordan of Giano

Jordan of Giano (; 1195 – after 1262) was an Italian Minorite from Giano in the Valley of Spoleto.
Jordanus joined the Franciscans around 1220. A few years later he was sent to Germany with a group under Caesarius of Speyer, the first Franciscan provincial of Germany. Jordan was first in Salzburg; in June 1222, he was sent to work in the apostolate at Speyer, Worms, and Mainz.
He was ordained in 1223, and became the guardian at Mainz and the custos of the Franciscan houses in Thuringia in 1225. In 1230 and again in 1238, he was sent to Italy on business relating to his order.
He attended a chapter of German Franciscans held at Halberstadt in 1262. There he dictated the early memoirs of the Franciscans in Germany ("De primitivorum Fratrum in Theutoniam missorum et conversatione et vita") to a Brother Baldwin of Brandenburg. The memoirs begin in the year 1207 and are one of the chief sources for Franciscan history in Germany. The only extant manuscript breaks off abruptly at the year 1238.


Leopold Otto

Pastor Leopold v. Otto also "Leopold Marcin von Otto" (2 November 1819 in Warsaw - 22 September 1882 in Warsaw) was a Lutheran pastor of the German community in Warsaw and Poland and a national activist, participant of the patriotic manifestation of 1861 in Warsaw. In 1866–1875 Otto worked in Cieszyn. He published a book about the "Deutsche Evangelische Gemeinde" (German Protestant Community "Zwiastun Ewangeliczny") and also wrote sermons and religious writings.
In theology, he was a supporter of Lutheran orthodoxy and starkly rejected liberal theology and rationalistic interpretation of the Bible.
His second wife was Emilia Izabela Linde (1826–1857), daughter of Samuel Linde, Polish linguist.


Kilian Kirchhoff

Padre Kilian Kirchhoff OFM (given name: Josef Kirchhoff; born 18 December 1892 in Rönkhausen; executed 24 April 1944 in Brandenburg-Görden Prison) was a Catholic priest, translator and dissident. He was executed by the Third Reich for critical remarks.


Michael Hickford

Michael Francis Hickford was an Anglican priest in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
He was born on 7 October 1953, educated at Gravesend Grammar School and ordained after a period of study at Edinburgh Theological College in 1986. He was Chaplain of St John's Cathedral, Oban from 1986 to 1989 and then Rector, St Mungo, Alexandria, West Dunbartonshire until 1995. He was priest in charge of St James the Great, Dingwall with St Anne, Strathpeffer; and from 1998 Dean of Moray, Ross and Caithness. From 2003 to 2004 he was Provost of St Andrew's Cathedral, Inverness and Hospital and Community Health Care Chaplain for NHS Highland since then.


Erasmus Desiderius Wandera

Erasmus Desiderius Wandera (born 16 April 1930), is a Ugandan Roman Catholic priest who served as the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Soroti, from 29 November 1980 until 27 June 2007.
Background and priesthood.
Wandera was born on 16 April 1930 in Dabani, in present-day Busia District, in the Eastern Region of Uganda. On 27 December 1956, he was ordained a priest. He served as priest until 29 November 1980.
As bishop.
Wandera was appointed Bishop of Soroti on 29 November 1980 and was consecrated a bishop on 29 March 1981, by Cardinal Emmanuel Kiwanuka Nsubuga, Archbishop of Kampala, assisted by Bishop James Odongo, Bishop of Tororo, and Archbishop Henri Lemaître†, Titular Archbishop of Tongres. Wandera served as bishop until 2007. On 27 Jun 2007 Bishop Erasmus Desiderius Wandera retired and lives on as Bishop Emeritus of Soroti.


Cyril Chukwuka Anyanwu

Cyril Chukwuka Anyanwu was an Anglican bishop in Nigeria.
Ogunedo was educated at and ordained in 1963. He was the pioneer Bishop of Mbaise from 1994 until his death in 1999.


Isfrid of Ratzeburg

Isfrid of Ratzeburg was a Premonstratensian Prince-Bishop of Ratzeburg.
Religious Life.
In 1159, Isfrid was appointed the Provost of Jerichow before becoming the successor of Saint Evermode as third bishop of Ratzeburg, in 1179.


John of Caithness

John of Caithness (Medieval Gaelic: "Eoin"; Norse: "Jon"; Latin: "Iohannes") is the second known bishop of Caithness, based then at Halkirk. He witnessed various charters in Scotland between the years 1187 and 1199.
Biography.
Bishop John is best known for his mutilation, carried out at Scrabster Castle by Harald Maddadsson, in which the bishop lost his tongue and eyes. The bishop suffered this fate by refusing to collect Peter's Pence, a tax of 1/10 of the income of every freeman. This tax was encouraged by the Papacy, and had a strong history in the Scandinavian world. His predecessor Aindréas had allowed it, but John stood up for the complaints of the peasantry. John certainly survived the attack, although Earl Harald and the people of the Earldom suffered the consequences, as Pope Innocent III and King William of Scotland brought down their wrath on the province.
John's successor Adam appears in the records for the first time in 1213.


Fortunatus M. Lukanima

Fortunatus M. Lukanima (December 8, 1940 – March 12, 2014) was a Roman Catholic bishop.
Ordained to the priesthood in 1968, Lukanima was appointed bishop of what is now the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Arusha, Tanzania in 1989. He resigned in 1998.


Philippe Kourouma

Philippe Kourouma (29 November 1932, in Samoé – 10 February 2009) was the Guinean bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of N’Zérékoré from 15 December 1979, until his retirement on 27 November 2007. He remained Bishop Emeritus of the diocese from his retirement until his death on 10 February 2009, at the age of 76.


Richard Cutts (bishop)

Richard Stanley Cutts (1919-1997) was the Anglican Bishop of Argentina and Eastern South America. He acted as Episcopal Commissary for the Falkland Islands, on behalf of the Archbishop of Canterbury, from 1978 until the outbreak of the Falklands War when Episcopal oversight was transferred to the Bishop to the Forces. Cutts was born in 1919 and died in 1997 of a heart attack.
Early life.
Born in Argentina, and fluent in Spanish as well as English, French, and several African languages, Cutts was educated at Felsted School in Essex, England. He graduated from King's College London in 1947, being associated with Warminster. He was ordained deacon in 1951 and priest in 1952 at Guildford Cathedral while serving as curate at Godalming, 1951–1956.
Africa.
In 1956, Cutts went to Zululand, South Africa, serving in the missionary district of Etalaneni, Nkandla, appointed as Director of Missions there from 1957 to 1963, then at Kambula Mission, also in Zululand, from 1963 to 1965.
In the latter year he transferred to the western interior of South Africa, the Northern Cape, to take up an appointment as Director of Missions and Rector of St Mary's, Kuruman, Diocese of Kimberley and Kuruman. In 1970 to 1971 Cutts served as Archdeacon of Kuruman.
A sacristan who remembers his sojourn in the Northern Cape recalls his listening to tape cassette recordings, while traveling the long distances between towns, to keep up his Spanish. He had a wife, Rene, and four children.
Cutts was appointed Dean of Salisbury, Diocese of Mashonaland, in what was then Rhodesia (now Harare, Zimbabwe) in 1971. Here he served until 1975, in which year he was appointed Archdeacon of the City of Salisbury.
Bishop in South America.
During 1975 Cutts was ordained to the episcopate and succeeded Cyril Tucker as Bishop of Argentina and Eastern South America and of the Falkland Islands. The consecration was officiated by bishops Bill Flagg and David Leake who were at the time assistant bishops in Chile and Northern Argentina respectively, at the Cathedral Church of St John the Baptist, Buenos Aires on 12 October 1975.
Cutts was appointed the Archbishop of Canterbury's commissary in the Falkland Islands in 1978. In 1982, during the Falklands War, many British troops came under the episcopal oversight of the Bishop to the Forces. He retired in 1989.


Agnes Awuor

Sister Agnes Salome Awuor (Kenya, 1967) is a Kenyan Religious Sister.
Biography.
She joined sisterhood in 1986. She got her bachelor's degree from St. Scholastica's College in Manila, Philippines. She is studying her master's degree in Education and Leadership from the Dominican University in Illinois.
In 2012, she decided to leave the convent life to candidate for the Siaya senate seat in the 2013 Kenyan parliamentary election.


Christen Schmidt

Christen Schmidt (22 February 1727 – 6 October 1804) was a Norwegian bishop.
He was born in Kongsvinger as a son of vicar Hans Jacob Schmidt and Alethe S. Lemmich. He enrolled as a student in 1745 and graduated with the cand.theol. degree in May 1748. After some years as a private tutor and a priest at sea, he was appointed as vicar of Nebbelunde, Denmark in July 1759. In September 1769 he became vicar of Asminderød and Fredensborg Palace. He became connected to the Danish Royal Court in July 1772, having been opposed to Johan Friedrich Struensee's rule. In December 1773 he became Bishop of the Diocese of Oslo. Here he was known to be orthodox. He supported the death penalty in 1777.
He was married twice. First to his cousin Petronelle Lemmich, from June 1759 to her death in September 1798. They had the son Frederik Schmidt, a constitutional founding father. His second marriage was to merchant's daughter Ingeborg Catharina Birkenbusch (1778–1856), from November 1803 to his own death.


Paul Khoarai

Paul Khoarai (May 29, 1933 – December 27, 2012) was the Roman Catholic bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Leribe, Lesotho.
Ordained to the priesthood in 1963, Khoarai was named bishop in 1970 and retired in 2009.


John Headlam

John Headlam (b Gateshead 1 April 1770; d Wycliffe, North Riding 4 May 1854) was Archdeacon of Richmond from 30 December 1826 until his death.
Headlam was educated at Lincoln College, Oxford, matriculating in 1786, and graduating B.A. in 1790, M.A. in 1792. For many years he was the Rector of Wycliffe, in the North Riding of Yorkshire. He was also Chancellor of Ripon from 1846.


George Bartlet

The Very Rev. Canon George Bartlet (13 November 1866 – 13 February 1951) was a Scottish clergyman who was dean of Aberdeen and Orkney from 1934 to 1948.
Bartlet was born in 1866 in Forgue, Aberdeenshire, to George Bartlet and his wife, Isabella Cruickshank. He was educated at King's College, Aberdeen, graduating in 1893, and ordained in 1894. After curacies in Ayr and Glasgow, he held incumbencies in Forgue, Folla Rule, and Aberdeen prior to being elevated to canon in 1924, a decade before his appointment as dean. In 1942, he became rector of Kincardine O'Neil, and retired six years later.
He died in Edinburgh in 1951 and was survived by his wife, Ethel Murray, and two sons and a daughter.


Lawrence Patrick Henry

Lawrence Patrick Henry (27 July 1934 – 4 March 2014) was a South African Roman Catholic archbishop.
Born in Cape Town, South Africa, Henry was ordained to the priesthood for the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cape Town in 1962. In 1987, he was appointed titular bishop of "Cenculiana" and auxiliary bishop of the Cape Town Archdiocese. Henry was appointed Archbishop of the Cape Town Archdiocese in 1990 and retired in 2009. He died in 2014, aged 79.


Gavin Baddeley

Gavin Baddeley (born 28 December 1966) is an ordained Reverend in the Church of Satan, and an experienced journalist who has worked for "The Observer" and "Metal Hammer". He is the occult authority for the BBC and Channel 4, has addressed Cambridge University, and has been profiled in "The Independent" and "The London Evening Standard". He made an appearance in the documentary film "".
Baddeley was ordained into the Church of Satan by Anton LaVey, and subsequently set up the London branch of the church.


Sharif El Gariani

Sharif El Gariani (, "ash-Shārif al-Gharyānī") (1877–1945) was a Libyan religious sheikh and statesman.
Born in Janzour, near Tobruk, Libya, he was the nephew of Hussein El Gariani (from Gharyan in western Libya), co-founder of the first senussi Zawia at Bayda in 1844, and the man who was friends with a boy named Omar Mukhtar, (the future resistance leader in Cyrenaica against the Italian invasion).
After the Italian invasion of Libya, in 1911, Sharif had believed that the Italians were invincible, and this led to a long-term disagreement with his old friend Omar Mukhtar. His role in the next twenty years was to be a mediator between the resistance leaders and the Italian government in Libya.
Sharif El Gariani was demeaned in the film Lion of the Desert. Sharif was portrayed as a traitor offering his services to the occupying Italians, and who was ready to give any information that would lead to Mukhtar's capture.


Archibald Cook

Archibald Cook (1788 - 1865) was a Free Church of Scotland minister whose preaching attracted thousands of people and was later published; his main ministry was in Daviot, Highland Inverness-shire from 1844 until his death.
Many of his sermons from Daviot were recorded in a form of short-hand adapted for the Gaelic language and later published in 1907 and 1916 with a later 1946 reprint. An English translation appeared in 2015. The American theologian B. B. Warfield once compared Cook's sermons to those of Archibald Alexander.
Born on the farm of Auchereoch in the Isle of Arran, he experienced Christian conversion during the revivals associated with Calvinism in the southern end of the island. His Caithness ministry in the bilingual missionary charge of Bruan-Berriedale also affected thousands of seasonal Herring fishermen from the west Highlands and the Isle of Lewis, for whom he organised Gaelic services in Wick. In 1837 Cook moved to Inverness after a strong section of the East Church there left it to create a new 'North' charge in the town; they followed Cook into the Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900) at the Disruption of 1843 but saw him leave for Daviot in 1844.
Archibald Cook was popular with the ordinary people who found him sympathetic and approachable. He himself paid tribute to the influence of his mentor in student days in Glasgow, Dr John Love of Anderston Chapel of Ease. Like Dr Love, Cook's preaching was seen as 'searching' (challenging) and 'experimental'(experience-focussed).
Archibald's brother Finlay Cook was a minister in Achreny (Caithness), Cross (Isle of Lewis), Inverness and Reay (Caithness).