Bands of Mercy

Bands of Mercy were formal, locally led organizations that brought people—especially children and adolescents—together to learn about kindness to non-human animals. The Bands would also work to help animals and prevent cruelty in their area through humane education and direct action. In the 1970s, the Animal Liberation Front originated from one of its chapters.
Creation.
Modelled after the Band of Hope of the temperance movement, the first Bands of Mercy were created in 1875, by the philanthropist Catherine Smithies in Britain. The movement had a periodical, "Band of Mercy Advocate" (1879–1934), which was originally edited by Smithies' son Thomas Bywater Smithies. In 1882, the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) assumed responsibility for organizing and promoting the Band of Mercy and its publications.
The Band of Mercy movement soon spread to Australia, Canada and US.
Movement to North America.
Following the British model, George T. Angell, founder and first president of the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (MSPCA), and the Rev. Thomas Timmins began the formation of Bands of Mercy in the United States in 1882. Many locally run Bands of Mercy were created across North America in the subsequent decades. By the early part of the 20th century, more than 260,000 children—about 3% of the children aged 5–9 years old in 1900—were active members in over 27,000 local Bands of Mercy across North America.
Activities.
Angell said that the goals of the Bands of Mercy were to "teach and lead every child and older person to seize every opportunity to say a kind word or do a kind act that will make some other human being or some dumb [i.e., that cannot speak] creature happier."
Bands of Mercy were locally organized and run, even though they often used materials that were created and distributed nationally by the MSPCA and later the ASPCA. Consequently, there were many local variations to the activities of the Bands. In general, though, Bands of Mercy would hold regular meetings that began with the members pledging: "I will try to be kind to all living creatures, and try to protect them from cruel usage." Adults would often then conduct lessons to promote kindness towards and concern for all animals. These lessons often involved reading stories and singing songs and hymns. At least two song collections made these available for Band meetings: "Songs of Happy Life for Schools, Homes, and Bands of Mercy" (Providence RI and London, 1897) by American Sarah J. Eddy and "Hymns for Children with Opening and Closing Services and Songs and Hymns for Bands of Mercy and of Hope" (London, 1894), edited by Charlotte Farrington. "The Band of Mercy Advocate", established by Thomas Bywater Smithies in England in 1879, printed songs in every issue. Clapp-Itnyre writes that singing filled a crucial void: "to bring language--and aesthetically pleasing language at that--to a population of animals unable to speak in their own defense."
Membership was not limited to children and adolescents; adults would hold officer positions and would use the Bands as a forum to discuss animal cruelty issues and how to handle them. An article dated 18 July 1899 in the "San Francisco Call" about their local Band of Mercy, for example, mentions members reporting on the number of animal cruelty cases that had been reported in the last year (2,379) along with the resulting numbers of prosecutions (195) and convictions (129).
Post-War Decreases.
Prior to the world wars, humane education—and the Bands of Mercy where children learned about it—was seen by many as a possible way to create a kinder and more peaceful world. The world wars dispelled much of this belief and thus the interest in Bands of Mercy. The red scare and the space race also focused much of U.S. education towards math and science, further reducing the immediate post-war interest in Bands of Mercy. In addition, the creation and maintenance of the Bands of Mercy was primarily driven by animal welfare organizations; as their attention and goals shifted away from early prevention to active intervention in abuse, much of the energy behind the Bands of Mercy dissipated.
Although membership in the Bands of Mercy faded dramatically after World War II, humane education continued in many other forms. It continues to be practised around the world, and may be experiencing especially strong growth in China and Japan.


Farm Foundation

Farm Foundation is an accelerator of practical solutions for agriculture. Its mission is to build trust and understanding at the intersections of agriculture and society. Farm Foundation accomplishes this by leveraging non-partisan objective dialogue, information and training, catalyzing solutions and creating multi-stakeholder collaboration. Its vision is to build a future for farmers, communities and the world. Its headquarters are in Oak Brook, Illinois.
Farm Foundation was created in 1933 by Alexander Legge, the president of International Harvester, and former Illinois Governor Frank Orren Lowden. The organization hosts Forums, dialogues and conferences (both on its own and in conjunction with other entities, including the U.S. Department of Agriculture), publishes Issue Reports relating important agricultural topics to stakeholders involved in agriculture in North America, and helps build the next generation of successful agribusiness professionals through its Cultivator and Agricultural Scholars programs.


Maison Trimbach

Maison Trimbach ("F. E. Trimbach") is a winery located in Ribeauvillé, Alsace, France. Trimbach produces many of its high-end wines from its own vineyards, but also operates a négociant business which buys grapes to produce additional wines. The company is especially noted for its high-end dry Riesling wines produced in a traditional Alsace wine style.
History.
The company was founded in Riquewihr in 1626 by Jean Trimbach from Sainte Marie aux Mines. In the 1840s, the winery was moved to Hunawihr, and just after World War I it was moved to Ribeauvillé.
Wines.
The most famous of the wines is the "Clos Ste Hune", a dry Riesling produced from a special plot inside the Rosacker Grand Cru vineyard.


Munduney

Munduney Station is a pastoral lease that operates as a sheep station in South Australia.
It is situated approximately north east of Spalding and west of Hallett.
The station was established some time prior to 1884, when it was already producing wool for London markets. John Davies owned the station in 1902. By 1912 the property was carrying a flock of 16,000 sheep.
The University of Adelaide sold the property in 2011 for approximately 20 million. The property at this time consisted of . It had been bequeathed to the University and Prince Alfred College by the estate of J.S. Davies. The sale included all plant and equipment along with the 11,000 sheep the property was stocked with. The property also boasted of planted crops and 18 wind turbines that would supply revenue until 2033.


Beer in Serbia

Beer () is a popular beverage in Serbia.
History.
The beer was first mentioned in the 15th century during the reign of despot Stefan Lazarević, as a new drink transferred from neighboring Kingdom of Hungary. It was cooked in households, taverns, and even in the residence of the despot. Its popularity rose several centuries later and industrial-scale production began in the mid-18th century.
Production, packaging and consumption.
Serbian breweries produce 498 million liters annually. Serbia exports mainly to neighboring countries, such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro or Hungary, and to countries where there is significant Serbian diaspora, such as the Germany, Austria, United States and Canada.
Beer for home consumption is mostly sold in 0.5-liter bottles of deposit type (reused) and 0.33-liter glass bottles, as well as cans. Most breweries began packing their product in plastic Q-pack bottles of 1.5, 2 or even 2.5 litres. In bars and restaurants, beer is either served in 0.33L or 0.5L bottles or as "draught" ("točeno").
Serbia ranks 38th by beer consumption per capita, with 60 litres a year.
Breweries and brands.
Breweries.
There are three main breweries in Serbia which combined, control 95% of market share (as of 2016). These are: Apatin Brewery, Heineken Srbija and Carlsberg Srbija. The remaining of market share is controlled by domestic breweries Valjevo Brewery, BIP Brewery, Jagodina Brewery and Niš Brewery and 20 other minor breweries.
Most popular domestic brand is Jelen, followed by Lav. Some foreign brands are distributed, while some are produced locally under license (mostly by its respective brand owners).
Pale lager has been the traditional beer choice for Serbians, and dark lager, while being popular, is produced in smaller quantities. Some breweries produce kvass.
Beer festivals.
Belgrade Beer Fest.
Started in 2003, Belgrade Beer Fest is held annually over 3–4 days at the foot of Belgrade's Kalemegdan fortress as a showcase event for various beer producers. In addition to domestic and foreign brews at affordable prices, the festival features live music performances each evening. It has quickly grown in size and popularity. On 31 December 2005 British daily "The Independent" named it as one of the worldwide events to visit in 2006.
Dani piva.
Dani Piva (Beer Days) is a beer festival in Zrenjanin, started in 1985, organised by the Zrenjanin brewery (Zrenjaninska industrija piva).


Friedrich Wilhelm Leopold Pfeil

Friedrich Wilhelm Leopold Pfeil (28 March 1783 – 4 September 1859) was a German forester.
Pfeil was born in Rammelburg. From 1801 onward, he trained and worked as a forester at several sites in the Harz region, Neuchâtel and Silesia. As a soldier in the Napoleonic Wars he fought at the Battles of Großbeeren and Wartenburg. From 1816 he was employed as a forester in the service of Heinrich Karl Erdmann, prince of Carolath-Beuthen. In 1821 he was awarded an honorary doctorate at the University of Berlin, and despite lacking a university education, was named a professor of forest science. In 1830 when the department of forestry was relocated to Eberswalde, he was named its director, a position he maintained up until his retirement in 1859.
From 1822 to 1859 he was editor of the journal "Kritische Blätter für Forst- und Jagdwissenschaft" — after his death, Hermann von Nördlinger continued as its editor. Pfeil died in Warmbrunn. From 1863 to 2005 the "Wilhelm-Leopold-Pfeil-Preis" was awarded for contributions made towards future forest management in Europe.


Kerala State Cashew Development Corporation Limited

The Kerala State Cashew Development Corporation Limited or KSCDC is a model employer in the field of cashew industry mainly to protect the interest of workers and to provide maximum employment to its workers and to give statutory benefits like minimum wages, bonus, etc. prevailing in the cashew industry. It is headquartered in Kollam city, called "Cashew Capital of the World". The head office is situated at Cashew House, Mundakkal in Kollam City, Kerala. KSCDC was incorporated in July 1969 and started Commercial activities in the year 1971 as a company fully owned by the Government of Kerala. Corporation has now more than a turn over of Rs. 2.50 billion. A Central Export Promotion Council for Cashew, Cashew Export Promotion Council of India (CEPCI) is situated at Kollam city.
Cashew Business in Kollam.
The industry provides livelihood for about 6–700,000 of employees and farmers, the cashew industry has national importance. In Kollam district alone there are more than 250,000 employees directly involved in the industry, which comes about 10 per cent of the population of the district, out of which 95 per cent are women workers. Kollam is very famous for its traditional Cashew business. More than 600 Cashew Processing Units are there in Kollam. About 800,000 tonnes of raw cashews are imported to Kollam for processing every year. An average of 130,000 tonnes of processed cashews are exported from Kollam to various countries like United States, UAE, Netherlands, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Germany, Belgium, Singapore, Italy, Greece, Australia, Kuwait, Egypt, Turkey, Jordan, Canada, Thailand, Russia, Norway, Syria, and Hong Kong every year. That is why Kollam is known as the Cashew Capital of the World. CEPCI is expecting a rise in export, i.e. 275,000 tonnes by 2020, a growth of 120 per cent over the present exports.
Influence of KSCDC over Kerala's Cashew Business.
To increase the production of indigenous raw nuts, Kerala State Cashew Development Corporation has started Cashew plantations in the State. Corporation has also introduced four value added cashew products in the market. They are regularly signing consignments for more than 6,000 tonnes of raw cashew nut from Guinea-Bissau etc. They are running more than 30 Cashew Processing Factories in Kerala state. Government of Kerala has chartered a vessel between Vallarpadam Terminal and Kollam Port by signing into an agreement with Indian Rare Earths Limited (IREL), Kerala State Cashew Development Corporation, Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd and various other cashew importers and business giants based out of Kollam city for moving their cargo.


Florence Baker Loew

Florence Bellows Baker Loew (1876–1936) was an American horsewoman, philanthropist, and award winning horticulturist.
She was born in 1876 to George Fisher Baker, a wealthy banker. On April 12, 1898, she married William Goadby Loew at All Souls' Unitarian Church in New York City.
She died on May 24, 1936, in her townhouse at 56 East 93rd Street in New York City. The mansion is now known as the William Goadby Loew House. She is buried with her husband at Locust Valley Cemetery in Locust Valley, New York.


Hugh Ermen

Hugh Ermen (1928–2009) was a British horticulturalist. considered one of the United Kingdom's leading amateur apple breeders. He specialised in breeding new apple varieties, especially own root trees, and was awarded the Royal Horticultural Society Associate of Honour in 1988 for his contributions to pomology.
Varieties.
The varieties he propagated at the Brogdale Horticultural Experimental Station include popular British garden apples such as:
Trees developed by Ermen, such as Scrumptious, have received the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Legacy.
Ermen worked at the Ministry of Agriculture's National Fruit Trials at Brogdale in Kent until his retirement; this is where he began to advocate the use of own root fruit trees. He argued that the artificial propagation of two different types of tree created a degree of incompatibility. By growing the fruit tree on its own roots this incompatibility was removed and as a result the tree would be more healthy, live longer, and the fruit would have more flavour. Since the turn of the millennium this research has been adopted both commercially and academically with a view to producing healthier and longer living fruit trees.


John W. Mumma Native Aquatic Species Restoration Facility

The John W. Mumma Native Aquatic Species Restoration Facility is a Colorado Parks and Wildlife cold water fish production facility located near Playa Blanca State Wildlife Area and the Rio Grande in Alamosa County.
History.
John W. Mumma Native Aquatic Species Restoration Facility was inaugurated in 2000. Construction of the facility was funded by Great Outdoors Colorado, the Department of Natural Resources' Water Conservation Board, and the Colorado Division of Wildlife. The hatchery is the first state facility nationwide built exclusively for native species.
Mission.
An overarching mission among the hatchery staff is conservation of rare aquatic native species. The facility focuses on captive propagation, genetic conservation, scientific research and public education and awareness.
Fish Species.
Hatchery staff works to rear 12 species of fish and one amphibian. The species they work with include bonytail chub (Federal and State Endangered), Rio Grande sucker (State Endangered), plains minnow (State Endangered), suckermouth minnow (State Endangered), Northern redbelly dace (State Endangered), southern redbelly dace (State Endangered), Arkansas darter (State Threatened), common shiner (State Threatened), Rio Grande chub (Species of Special Concern), roundtail chub (Species of Special Concern), bluehead sucker (No official state status at this time), flannelmouth sucker (No official state status at this time) and boreal toad (State Endangered). They work to maintain water quality, photoperiod, dietary needs, and appropriate spawning and habitat requirements for each species.


International Land Coalition

The International Land Coalition is a global alliance of civil society and farmers' organizations, United Nation's agencies, NGOs and research institutes. ILC's stated mission is to "promote secure and equitable access to and control over land for poor women and men through advocacy, dialogue, knowledge sharing and capacity building". Its vision is that "secure and equitable access to and control over land reduces poverty and contributes to identity, dignity and inclusion". The ILC aims to build the capacity of its members and partners through people-centered development.
The ILC Secretariat is hosted by the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) in Rome, Italy, and is supported by regional platforms in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
History.
In November 1995, approximately one thousand representatives of civil society, governments, and multilateral institutions met in Brussels, Belgium for a Conference on Hunger and Poverty. The conference participants recognized the importance of equitable access to land for rural development, and resolved to create an alliance of civil society and intergovernmental agencies, which came to be known as the Popular Coalition to Eradicate Hunger and Poverty.
The conference issued a Program of Action to empower the rural poor by increasing their access to productive assets, including land, water and common-property resources, and by strengthening their participation in decision-making processes at local, national, regional and international levels. In 2003, the Popular Coalition to Eradicate Hunger and Poverty was renamed the International Land Coalition (ILC), in recognition of its strategic focus on land access issues.


Old Stone Vineyard and Winery

Old Stone Winery is a family-owned winery estate located outside of Salisbury, NC. Sited on of land, and with more than of vineyard, it was founded in 2001 by Mark Brown and Stefon Lira, Barbara and Marcus Brown.
Types of wine.
The vineyard and winery produces a blend of native, American, and European wines ranging from Chardonnay to Merlot. Selections of wines are taken from the native muscadine growths of the North Carolina region.
Old Stone's Sweet Muscadine won highest honors in two categories in the commercial division of the 2008 North Carolina State Fair Wine Competition.


Vaidhyanathaswamy Santhanam

Dr.Vaidhyanathaswamy Santhanam (born 31 July 1925) is an Indian cotton scientist and former FAO of United Nations long term resident expert for Cotton and Project leader in Myanmar. He had served as a short term consultant to Vietnam as well. He was chairman of the expert review team of the Southern India Mills Cotton Development and Research Association for November 2009 – March 2010. He is an author/co-author of over 110 publications including books and book chapters on cotton.
Education and personal life.
Santhanam was born on 31 July 1925 at Tiruvarur in Tamil Nadu. He graduated from the Agricultural College, Coimbatore in the year 1946. He earned masters and doctorate degrees in plant breeding and genetics, from the Madras University.
Starting his professional career at the Cotton Breeding station of the same college, he had an illustrious professional career as a cotton research scientist with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).He was the first National Coordinator for the All India Coordinated Cotton Improvement Project under ICAR (1967–75). During his tenure, he had established a solid foundation for cooperative research among all the cotton growing states of India. In recognition of the work done by the cotton group headed by him, ICAR conferred the council's very first award for team research to them in 1975.
Dr. Santhanam served the Food and Agriculture Organization in 1975 to 1983 as longtime resident expert on Cotton and Project Team Leader in Myanmar. He served them as short term consultant (Senior Advisor) in Myanmar and Vietnam during 1984 to 1987.
Scientific work.
Introduced the concept of ideal plant type for increasing productivity and early maturity in the Indian cotton breeding program; contributed to development of Indian long staple cotton varieties. Improved agronomic practices in Burma for increasing its cotton production under the auspices of projects funded under UNDP.Dr.Santhanam's work on Cotton in Myanmar was commended by the Director General of the FAO for his "direct contribution to the 50% increase in production between the years 1975 and 1982" and placed on record his appreciation for the same.


Southwest Agricultural University

Southwest Agricultural University (西南农业大学) is a public and national key university located in Chongqing, China. Founded in 1950, it was merged with Southwest Normal University in 2005 to form a new institution, Southwest University.
History.
Southwest Agricultural University was founded in 1950 as Southwest Agricultural College. In 1950, in a nationwide movement of introduction of the Soviet Union higher education model, the College was merged with other agriculture-related programs from several other institutions. In 1985, the College was renamed Southwest Agricultural University in the recognition of its importance for China's higher education by the National Council of China. Southwest Agricultural University is among the first institutions that were allowed by the Chinese government to confer advanced degrees, including Master and Doctorate. In 2005, it was merged with Southwest Normal University and renamed Southwestern University.


Karkloof Forest

The Karkloof Forest is situated in the Karkloof Nature Reserve, 22 km north of Howick, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
This is a large (936ha) mistbelt forest containing yellowwoods ("Afrocarpus falcatus", "Podocarpus latifolius" and "Podocarpus henkelii") and stinkwood ("Ocotea bullata").
Wildlife includes Samango monkey, blue duiker and bushbuck. Crowned eagles ("Stephanoaetus coronatus") breed here, and the endangered Cape parrot ("Poicephalus robustus robustus") occurs here.
Endemics to the area include a subspecies of crested guineafowl ("Guttera edouardi symonsi"), and a dwarf chameleon ("Bradypodion" sp.) which is related to the Natal Midlands dwarf chameleon and the black-headed dwarf chameleon.
Other birds found here include Knysna turaco ("Tauraco corythaix"), forest canary ("Crithagra scotops"), white-starred robin ("Pogonocichla stellata"), orange ground-thrush ("Zoothera gurneyi"), red-throated wryneck ("Jynx ruficollis"), golden-tailed woodpecker ("Campethera abingoni") and martial eagles ("Polemaetus bellicosus").
See also.
Forests of KwaZulu-Natal


David Buddo

David Buddo (23 August 1853 – 8 December 1937) was a New Zealand politician and member of the Liberal Party.
Early life.
Buddo was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1853. His father was a surgeon with the Indian civil service. He grew up in a rural environment. He became an engineer in Perth, Scotland and came to New Zealand in c. 1874 or 1877. He married Janet Buddo (née Rollo) in 1886. His wife's cousin, Helen Ann Rollo Buddo, became an orphan in infancy and was brought up by them together with their own children. Helen Buddo married Bryan Todd.
Political career.
He was a Member of the House of Representatives, representing the Kaiapoi electorate (with two interruptions, when he was defeated) from: 1893–96, 1899–1919, and 1922–28.
He was a Cabinet minister, serving in the cabinet of Sir Joseph Ward between 1909 and 1912 as Minister of Internal Affairs and Minister of Health.
After retiring from Parliament in 1928, Buddo was appointed to the Legislative Council, and served one seven-year term from 11 June 1930 to 10 June 1937, when his term ended.
He was a member of the Lyttelton Harbour Board from 1897 to 1907.
In 1935, he was awarded the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal.
Death.
Buddo collapsed on 8 December 1937 while in the office of the Christchurch Gas, Coal and Coke Company. He died on his way to hospital. He was buried at Waimairi Cemetery. Janet Buddo survived her husband until 1945. Helen Todd survived her husband, who died in 1987.


Chakana wines

Chakana Winery was founded on May 2, 2002 in Agrelo, Lujan de Cuyo, Mendoza province, Argentina. Its founder was Juan Pelizzatti.
Their wines come in three different ranges: Maipe (fresh fruit forward wines for every day consumption), Maipe Reserve (complex, barrel aged varietal wines) and Chakana Estate. In 2011 Chakana won one of the three golden medal - best in class awards from the International Wine and Spirit Competition (IWSC) for its Chakana Reserve Malbec 2010. This allowed the winery to compete for Argentinean Producer of the Year Trophy, which took place on November 16 in London.
Chakana Wines Origins.
Chakana, the company, was founded on May 2, 2002.
After a beginning as a family estate in the middle of the Argentine financial crisis of those years, Chakana started its exports from zero in 2004, to become a 1,5 million bottle company in 2011 with more presence in more than 25 countries worldwide.
In October 2009, a local fund composed of high-profile local investors took shares of the company. The purpose of both parties is to bring Chakana to the next level and become one of the main players in Argentina’s wine portfolio.
Location.
Chakana wines are made from grapes grown on a 150 ha estate in Lujan de Cuyo, at 960 m above sea level.
The winery in Agrelo has a 2 million liter capacity. It has been designed with very small tanks to maintain the identity of each soil parcel. The winemaking process is based on a very careful management of grape and wine in each production stage.
Vineyards and Soils.
Chakana vineyards are orientated 45 degrees north west to maximize fruit expression. This also is a surprising example of synchronicity, as this is the exact route that the Andean development chose.
This line was named by the Andean natives as the Viracocha line, or the line of truth of the Incas. Following this line all main Inca centers can be found, from the origins on the Titicaca lake and Tiwanaku to Cuzco. The planting direction in Chakana was chosen to avoid sunburn of the grapes during peak temperature hours, as canopy shades the bunches.
Soils: Chakana prefers alluvial soils of clay loam to sandy loam texture, with round stones at the bottom between 50 and 100 cm and excellent drainage. The best parcels in Agrelo, Mayor Drummond and Altamira feature these conditions that offer round tannins, fantastic structure and full ripeness.
Climate: Lujan de Cuyo and Uco Valley offer all year round dry conditions with extreme thermal amplitude that promote aromatic compounds in wines.
Irrigation: Drip irrigation is used in all of our vineyards as a way to control the growing cycle and make a rational use of water. Winery effluents are neutralized and reused in vineyard irrigation with no impact on the environment.
Terroir Concept.
In the past ten years, technology has much improved terroir selection. Based on soil property measurements and leaf color spectrometry, it is possible to map vineyards in Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Then micro-terroirs of homogenous properties can be identified for separate and personalized management. In this way, average quality can be differentiated between very high and very low, allowing for the creation of extremely high quality wines and the improvement of wines of lesser quality.
This methodology is key to the creation of Chakana wines, as a result of our work with Chilean terroir expert Pedro Parra. Pedro has been involved with top wineries in Chile, California, Tuscany and Argentina to help them identify terroirs of superior potential.
Winery.
The winery, in Agrelo, has 2 million liter capacity. It has been designed with very small tanks to maintain the identity of each soil parcel. The winemaking process is based on a very careful management of grape and wine in each production stage.


Alexander Bruce (stock inspector)

Alexander Bruce (1827–1903) was an Australian farmer and stock inspector. He was notable for introducing precautions against animal diseases affecting cattle (e.g. anthrax, scab) into Australia from the 1860s, and was himself a farmer at Chatswood, Sydney, New South Wales.
He was born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland and attended Marischal College, Aberdeen. He emigrated to Australia in 1852.


Grenola Mill and Elevator

The Grenola Mill and Elevator is a grain elevator complex on Railroad Avenue in Grenola, Kansas. It was built in about 1909 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.
The complex includes a balloon-frame country grain elevator, a frame mixing room, a frame storage warehouse and scales. The complex had not been used for nearly 20 years when it was listed in 2002. The complex was known as the Grenola Elevator Museum at that time.


Paderborner Brauerei

Brauerei Paderborner is a brewery in the German city of Paderborn. The traditional Westphalian brewery was purchased by the German brewery-major Warsteiner in 1990.
The Paderborner beer range.
The Paderborner brewery was founded in 1852. Since 1990 it has been part of the Warsteiner brewery group.
There are two different sorts of Paderborner. The first is simply called "Paderborner Pilsener" and has a rather herbal taste with an unusual sweetness which is actually hops. Paderborner Pilsener Export has a reputation for being of lower quality but also a compromise between price and amount of alcohol (since it has a barely larger amount of alcohol).
The second type is called Paderborner Gold and has a much fresher taste. It is a more recent variety than the original Paderborner Pilsener which has been brewed in this area for over 100 years. It was developed when the big Warsteiner company bought the small local brewery of Paderborn.
Paderborner Gold is the favoured beer for all official festivities in the area.
The Paderborner brewery also offers mixed beers, namely with Cola and Lemon.
An attempt to copy the famous "Alt" beer (famous from Düsseldorf) was also made in 2008, named "Paderborner Alt"
The city of Paderborn is home to a great many festivals, including the Schützenfest ("shooting club festival") and the Libori festival.


Athens State Hospital Cow Barn

The Athens State Hospital Cow Barn is a historic agricultural building on the grounds of the former state hospital in Athens, Ohio, United States. One of several agricultural buildings associated with the hospital, it has been named a historic site.
The Athens State Hospital was founded in 1874, pursuant to legislation enacted seven years prior. Within three years, the hospital was contracting with a local blacksmith to buy milk from his dairy, but by the early twentieth century, this arrangement had proven inconvenient, and in 1912 the hospital bought the farm associated with the dairy operation. Two years later, the present cow barn was erected near the old farmhouse. This was a time of expansion for the hospital complex, which retains numerous buildings from the beginning of the twentieth century; like much of the rest of the hospital, the cow barn displays Colonial Revival architectural influences, unlike the substantially older farmhouse next door. The barn itself is a linear concrete building with some shingles on the walls, a concrete foundation, and a slate-covered gambrel roof. Three towers are placed on the roofline, while dormer windows pierce the lower part of the roof at regular intervals. A prominent entryway is set in the middle of the long side of the building, with six window-filled bays to each side.
In 1978, the old cow barn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its place in local history and because of its historically significant architecture. Two years later, much of the state hospital complex was designated a historic district and listed on the Register, but the cow barn was not included, as it lies away from the rest of the complex. No longer in agricultural use, the barn has been converted into an art gallery, the Dairy Barn Arts Center.


Nils Landmark

Nils L. Landmark (11 March 1775 – 29 October 1859) was a Norwegian jurist, farmer and politician.
Personal life.
He was born in Christiania to Nils Svensson and Karen Andersdatter Killerud. Contrary to some sources, he was not born with the name Landmark, but took the name as a grown-up. He had lost his father at the age of seven, and was raised by district stipendiary magistrate ("sorenskriver") Jens Stub. Stub would later be a founding father of the Norwegian Constitution in 1814.
In 1801 he married Barbra Henriette Rantzau Heiberg. She died in 1828. In December 1835 Nils Landmark took his second wife Christiane Wilhelmine Lange. She was a sister of politicians Hans Nicolai, Otto Vincent and Ulrik Frederik Lange, sister-in-law of Even Hanssen and aunt of Johan Jørgen Lange Hanssen.
In total, Nils Landmark was the father of fifteen children. One of his sons from the first marriage, Johan Widing Heiberg Landmark, became a jurist and politician. Others became physicians or priests, and several of the grandchildren became authors. From the second marriage he had the sons Johan Theodor, agrarian leader, and Even Anton Thomas, jurist and zoologist.
In addition, he was the younger brother of Andreas Landmark and uncle of Jens Landmark.
Career.
Landmark first earned his living by helping out at the magistrate office of Jens Stub. With Stub's help, Nils Landmark moved to Copenhagen to study. He graduated as cand.jur. in 1797, and was hired as an attorney at the magistrate office. In 1808 Landmark was promoted to district stipendiary magistrate of Sunnfjord. He settled at the farm Tysse in Fjaler in 1809.
Under Landmark's household, the farm Tysse was expanded and improved into a so-called model farm. He was one of the first people in the district to commence organized forest planting; especially fraxinus excelsior, ulmus glabra, salix og acer platanoides. Besides this he specialized in fruit trees. He founded the organization "Det Holmedalske Sogneselskab", one of the earlier agricultural organizations in the district, and served as chairman for many years.
In 1821 he was elected to the Norwegian Parliament, representing the constituency of Nordre Bergenhus Amt. His older brother Andreas Landmark, who was a bailiff in Romsdals Amt, served during the same period.
Nils Landmark retired from the position as district stipendiary magistrate in 1852. He died in 1859 in Fjaler.


Duchy College Rural Business School

The Duchy College Rural Business School was founded in 2006. It is part of the Cornwall College Group and its main purpose is to provide a range of services that meet the needs of rural communities, including training opportunities, business support and an ongoing research programme. Richard Soffe is Director of the Rural Business School.
Facilities.
The Rural Business School is located on two sites: Stoke Climsland in the east of the county of Cornwall and also at Rosewarne in the west. It has a research outpost at Exeter University in Devon and an office in the National Farmers' Union building in Exeter.
Rural Business Research.
Rural Business Research (RBR) is a team of British researchers working in the areas of farming, the environment and rural business. It is a consortium of academic units delivering projects for government, levy-funded research bodies, research councils, and commercial clients. It runs the Farm Business Survey, which it carries out for Defra.
Postgraduate Study.
Postgraduate Study is offered through the Rural Business School at Duchy College. Subject matter is based within land-based and rural industry sectors and is offered in a versatile format to accommodate the requirements of students.
Rural Development Programme for England projects.
The Rural Business School runs a number of RDPE funded projects. These include:
The Skills Programme.
The Skills Programme offers support funding for training. Training on the Skills Programme is delivered by a partnership led by the Rural Business School. The other partners are the Royal Agricultural University and Lantra.
Healthy Livestock.
The Healthy Livestock Project focuses on controlling the incidence of various conditions in livestock.
The Southwest Layers and Game Bird Initiative.
The Southwest Layers and Game Bird Initiative offers funding for training events, conferences and activities designed to improve flock health. It is driven by the Rural Business School who are running a three-year project funded through the Southwest Healthy Livestock Initiative (SWHLI). This project has been formulated with the West Country Layers Association.
SWHLI Knowledge Exchange Project.
The Rural Business School delivers the South West Healthy Livestock Initiative (SWHLI) Knowledge Exchange project in partnership with the University of Bristol Veterinary School. This initiative recognises the economic and cultural significance of livestock rearing to the region. The project provides knowledge support to SWHLI sector projects at a regional level and communicates the resulting information on the health and welfare of the region’s livestock population to the wider farming community.
South West Agricultural Resource Management.
The main aim of South West Agricultural Resource Management (SWARM) is to share information on resource management within the farming community in the South West Region of England. SWARM works with funding agencies, farming groups and other stakeholders to ensure up to date knowledge on all aspects of farm resource management is available to the local farming community.
The Challenge of Rural Leadership Course.
The Challenge of Rural Leadership Course is held at Dartington Hall in Devon each year.


Pueblo Hatchery

The Pueblo Hatchery is the only Colorado Parks and Wildlife cold and warm water fish production facility located in Lake Pueblo State Park near Arkansas River in Pueblo County.
History.
Pueblo Hatchery was built by the Federal Bureau of Reclamation, but Colorado Parks and Wildlife is responsible for maintenance and operation.
Fish Species.
Hatchery staff works to support the raising of fry, fingerlings, and catchables of rainbow trout. The hatchery raises crappie, bluegills, largemouth bass, brown trout, saugeye, wiper and walleye. Their source of water comes from surface water.


Kisan Long March, Maharashtra

Kisan Rally or Kisan Long March was a large scale protest march by farmers in the Indian state of Maharashtra, organized by the All India Kisan Sabha, the peasants front of the Communist Party of India (Marxist). Around 40,000 to 50,000 farmers marched a distance of 180 km from Nashik to Mumbai to gherao the Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha. The peaceful march came to a conclusion on March 12, 2018, after the Government of Maharashtra gave assurances for fulfillment of said demands. These assurances however, were not executed which resulted in Kisan Long March 2 which commenced on February 27th, 2019 but was suspended soon after.
Background.
The farming sector in the state of Maharashtra was badly affected by numerous factors including unseasonal rainfalls, hailstorm, and pest infestations. An estimated 2414 farmers had taken their lives in the state between January 1 and October 31, 2017. Considering these issues, among others, the government had announced a conditional loan waiver amounting to Rs 34,000 crore in 2017, but it was not implemented as promised.
The long march was inspired and led by the Kisan Sabha leaders Ajit Nawale, Ashok Dhawale, Jiva Pandu Gavit and Vijoo Krishnan.
See also.
2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest


Thomas Jamieson

Thomas Francis Jamieson (1829-1913) was a Scottish scientist most associated with his studies of sea level and glacial isostasy during the Quaternary.
Born the son of a jeweller, Jamieson was raised in Aberdeen and educated at Aberdeen Grammar School and the University of Aberdeen, at which he was appointed Fordyce Lecturer in Agriculture in 1862, a post he held for 15 years. He was later employed as the factor managing the estate lands of Ellon Castle in Aberdeenshire.
Interested in geology from an early age, Jamieson corresponded widely with other scientists, including Charles Lyell and Charles Darwin. After early research on petrology, Jamieson studied the glaciated rocks of Scotland, providing evidence for the then-fledgling theory of ice ages. Later work on marine sediments found above sea level in the Forth Valley convinced Jamieson that the area had once been beneath sea level, and that this was caused by the weight of glaciers depressing the land.
While these views brought Jamieson into conflict with the prevailing orthodoxy of the Geological Survey of Scotland (now the British Geological Survey), he continued to elaborate them, identifying raised shorelines around Scotland at a series of elevations (7.6, 15.0 or 30.5 metres). Despite these efforts, and his election to the Geological Society of London in 1862, his views on the geological history of Scotland only gained full acceptance in the late 20th century.


Pat Finnigan

Patrick Finnigan (born 1955) is a Canadian Liberal politician, who was elected to represent the riding of Miramichi—Grand Lake in the House of Commons of Canada in the 2015 federal election.
Finnigan and his wife started a bakery and garden centre in Rogersville, called Mr. Tomato. Finnigan holds a technical diploma in phytology.
He currently chairs the Standing Committee on Agriculture and Agri-Food.


Mljet

Mljet (; , ) is the southernmost and easternmost of the larger Adriatic islands of the Dalmatia region of Croatia. The National Park includes the western part of the island, Veliko jezero, Malo jezero, Soline Bay and a sea belt 500 m wide from the most prominent cape of Mljet covering an area of 54 km2. The central parts of the park are Veliko jezero with the Isle of St. Mary, Malo jezero and the villages of Goveđari, Polače and Pomena.
Population.
According to the 2011 census, Mljet has population of 1,088. Ethnic Croats make up 97.33% of the population.
History.
Mljet was discovered by ancient Greco-Roman geographers, who wrote the first records and descriptions. The island was first described by Scylax of Caryanda in the 6th century BC; others prefer the text, Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax. In both texts, it is named Melite and supported by Apollonius of Rhodes. Agathemerus and Pliny the Elder call the island Melita.
Agesilaus of Anaxarba in Cilicia, the father of Oppian, was banished to Mljet by the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus (AD 145–211) (or to Malta by Lucius Verus: see Oppian).
Mljet is mentioned around 950 by the Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitos in his "Of Ruling an Empire" as one of the islands held by the Narentines. The island was often a controversy of ownership between them and Zachlumia. Ancient Greeks called the island "Melita" or "honey" which over the centuries evolved to become the Slavic name, Mljet ().
Mljet has been regarded as the "Melita" on which Saint Paul was shipwrecked (Acts of the Apostles 27:39–28:11), this view being first expounded in the 10th century, by Eastern Roman Emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus. Saint Paul's shipwreck is generally placed on the Mediterranean island of Malta. Mljet and Malta had the same name in the Greek and Roman sources; the mention of a viper in Acts 28:3–5 was thought to be in favour of Mljet (there are snakes on both Mljet and Malta but only the former is home to a venomous snake). A harbour named after the Saint exists on both islands.
The Benedictines from Pulsano in Apulia became the feudal lords of the island in 1151, having come from Monte Gargano in Italy. They came ashore in the Sutmiholjska cove and in 1187–1198 the Serbian Prince Desa of the House of Vojislavljević built and donated to them the Church and Monastery of Saint Mary on the islet in the Big Lake (Veliko Jezero) towards the north-west end of the island. Pope Innocent III issued a document consecrating the church in 1198.
The Benedictines renounced their rule over Mljet in 1345, keeping only a third of the land. The island got a statute and a municipality in Babino Polje. It was formally annexed by the Republic of Ragusa in 1410. According to the Contract with the Benedictines, the municipality had to pay 300 perpers each year.
In the 16th century, the monastery was the center of the Mljet Congregation (Congregatio Melitensis or Melitana), gathering all the monasteries of Benedictine monks in the area of the Republic of Ragusa. The first president of the Congregation was Mavro Vetranović, the abbot of the Mljet monastery and the famous poet. Another great poet was abbot there—Ignjat Đurđević in the 18th century. As time went by, the Benedictine monastery on Mljet lost its importance, while the seat of the Mljet Congregation moved to Sveti Jakov near Ragusa.
In 1809, during the rule of Napoleon, the Mljet monastery was disbanded. When Austria took over the island, it placed the forestry office in the building. Between the world wars, the building was owned by the Ragusa (Dubrovnik) Bishopric. In 1960 it became a hotel, and in 1998 it was returned to the bishopric. The island has a long history of eco-damage. In order to ease their transport problems, the monks dug a channel to the south coast, from the lake Veliko Jezero, thus turning both fresh-water lakes into seawater-based ones.
The second incident involves mongooses. Small Asian mongooses were introduced onto the island in the early 20th century in order to reduce the venomous snake population (the island was apparently completely overrun). Whilst the mongooses completed this task, they also disposed of pretty much all the birdlife of the island. To this day, the island is notably short of hedgerow birds, such as sparrows. Mongooses are a hazard for domestic poultry, and are also known to cause damage in vineyards and orchards.
Geography.
Mljet lies south of the Pelješac peninsula, from which it is divided by the Mljet Channel. Its length is ; its average breadth . It is of volcanic origin, with numerous chasms and gorges, of which the longest, the Babino Polje, connects the north and south of the island. Port Polače, the principal harbour in the north, is a port of call for tourist ferries. Mljet contains one hotel—The Odisej (from the Greek "Odysseus") in the north-west corner of the island.
The northwestern part of the island includes an inland lake as well as a small island within it. It has been a national park since November 12, 1960. Over 84% of the island of is forest. The island's geological structure consists of limestone and dolomite forming ridges, crests and slopes. A few depressions on the island of Mljet are below sea level and form non-permanent brackish lakes known as "blatine" ("mud-lakes") or "slatine" ("salt-lakes").
The climate is Mediterranean; an average air temperature in January is 9 °C (48 °F) and in July about 24 °C (75 °F). Precipitation (mostly falling between October and April) averages between 35 and 45 inches annually, with the hills receiving the highest amounts.
Settlements.
According to the 2011 census, the settlements of Mljet have the following population:
Transportation.
The island of Mljet has no airport. Dubrovnik Airport on the mainland provides the main international connection for the island. Mljet has ferry lines with Pelješac peninsula and Dubrovnik. Transportation to the island is provided by Jadrolinija ferry service. Sobra, the main port on the island, is connected to Dubrovnik-Gruž and Ston via a car ferry. There are two type of ferries available: a car ferry and a faster catamaran ferry (2.5 hours and 90 minutes to Dubrovnik, respectively).
The two-lane paved road runs throughout the island. Scheduled buses on Mljet travel just once or twice a day.


Robert Panapa Tutaki

Robert Panapa Tutaki (1887 – 27 September 1957), also known as Tutaki Panapa Stewart and Robert Tutaki Panapa, was a New Zealand shearer and trade unionist.
Of Māori descent, he identified with the Ngāti Kahungunu iwi. He was born in Ruahapia, Hawke's Bay, New Zealand, in about 1887. He stood for the Labour Party in the in the electorate against Āpirana Ngata and came third, with 3.6% of the vote.
In the 1949 King's Birthday Honours, Tutaki was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire for services in connection with the organisation of Māori shearers during World War II.


Ernie Wasson

Ernie George Wasson (born January 10, 1950 in Berkeley, California) is an American gardener, horticulturist and author.
Wasson studied from 1968 to 1974 at Humboldt State University, where he graduated as a Bachelor of Science in Geography in 1974.
From 1978 to 1981, Wasson was a partner in the Northwoods Nursery in Arcata, California, and from 1979 to 1981, he was a horticultural instructor at the College of the Redwoods. He graduated from the "Longwood Graduate Program in Ornamental Horticulture and Public Garden Management" in the University of Delaware as a Master of Science.
From 1985 to 1990 he was the Superintendent of the Green Animals Topiary Gardens in Portsmouth, Rhode Island. Wasson worked as a California Certified Nursery Professional for the Berkeley Horticultural Nursery from 1991 to 1998. He was the American Co- Chief Editor for the North American edition of the 1997 botany publication Botanica. Wasson also wrote an internet column entitled "All Plants Considered" from 1997 to 2000. From 1998 to 2015, he was the curator and nursery manager of a teaching garden at Cabrillo College in Aptos, California.
His professional interests include bold foliage plants, Dogwood, culinary ethnobotany, horticulture reference books, fall color, native plants, Nature Printing Society, Podophyllum, pruning, salvias, sassafras, and vegetables.
Ernie Wasson lives in Dunsmuir, California.


Wilson Clyde

Wilson Clyde (born 8 April 1934) is a politician from Northern Ireland.
Born in Kilbegs, County Antrim, Clyde worked as a farmer before being elected to Antrim Borough Council for the Democratic Unionist Party in 1981. In 1996, he was elected to the Northern Ireland Forum, representing South Antrim, and he held the seat at the 1998 and 2003 elections to the Northern Ireland Assembly. He was deselected by the DUP for the 2007 election.


Pine-oak Forests, Puebla, Mexico

The Pine-oak forest of Puebla covers the mass of pine and oak forests in the Mexican state of Puebla.
Preamble.
Due to the geographical location of Mexico, the middle part of the country runs through the Tropic of Cancer; as such, it is located in an area of contact between boreal and tropical floras. Because of its shape, climate, topography, geology and soil, it contains a great floristic diversity and a diversity in types of vegetation. The diversity of these ecological factors explains why in Mexico there are nearly all of the plant formations observed worldwide.
The diversity of plant communities is not only due to ecological characteristics, but also from historical and evolutionary aspects. The fact that the country is in the contact area of the boreal and tropical floras allows for the development of communities where both floras fight to excel, having developed indigenous communities. Generally, it can be considered that the distribution of vegetation in Mexico is conditioned, in the first instance, by climate factors. Although frequently, geological, edaphic or topographic nature plays a very important role.
The pine-oak forest is a biome characterized by the abundance of certain species of pine and oak, of the genus Pinus and Quercus respectively.
Characteristics.
The pine-oak forest develops at altitudes between 1600 and 3000 meters, where the climate is temperate and humid with summer rain, with temperatures ranging between 16 and 20 degrees Celsius (which are likely to fall), and with rainfall that varies between 700 and 1500mm.
In this type of forest, many different types of rock can be found: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary. The soil in which they are located is thin and poorly developed, being principally litosol, regosol, and cambisol. Though, they are also located on soil originating from volcanic ash, such as andosol. Pines and firs (better known as Christmas trees) are characteristic of the pine-oak forest.
Flora.
In Sierra de Pahuatlán y Tetela de Ocampo, this type of forest is dispersed as isolated spots and is formed, in the tree layer (over 15m high), by species like red ocote (pinus patula), Chinese ocote (pinus leiophylla), ocote (pinus montezumae), and broadleaf oak (quercus crassifolia). The middle layer (at 6m) is made up of species like cile (alnus jorullensis) and the strawberry tree (arbustus xalapensis). In the lower layer (at less than 1m), there is broom or tepopote (conferta baccharis) and Pteridium sp. The distribution of species in this type of forest varies from factors such as exposure, moisture, temperature, and wind. In the east/northeast, where the humidity and temperature are high, pinus patula predominates the top tier. In contrast, at lower altitude and with the same exposure, you can find Cornus disciflora, Garrya laurifolia, Mexican Clethra, and ferns in the lowest layer. In this exposition, where humidity is low and temperature is high, the Chinese ocote (leiophylla pinus) dominates.
In the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, in the Malintzin and Citlaltépetl volcanoes, between 2500 and 3000 meters above sea level, the arboreal layer above 32m is dominated by the red torch pine (pinus patula), fir (Abies religiosa), ocote brush (michoacana pinus) and ayacahuite (pinus ayacahuite); in the 10m layer you can find laurelillo (Quercus Laurina), milkweed (Quercus crassifolia) and madrone (Arbutus glandulosa); in the 4.5m layer you can find salix paradoxa, brush (Eupatorium glabratum), wild cherry (prunus capuli), alder (Alnus jorullensis), and strawberry trees (Arbutus glandulosa); in the 0.5m layer you find conferta baccharis, sage (Salvia sp.), topozán (buddleia cordata), grass (Bromus sp.) and fern (Adiantum capillus-veneris).
In the southeast, from the western slopes of Sierra de Zongolica until the municipality of Nicolas Bravo, an area of pine-oak forest is located more than 2500 meters above sea level. In it can be found species such as pinus patula, teocote (pinus teocote), white oak (Quercus scytophylla) and black oak (Quercus conglomerata).
Current Situation.
In Mexico, most of these types of forests have been intensively exploited for timber extraction in the form of logs, firewood, and charcoal. They have also been cleared to make way for agriculture or to create pastures to feed cattle and horses.


Kapu (caste)

Kapu refers to a social grouping of agriculturists found primarily in the southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Kapus are primarily an agrarian community, forming a heterogeneous peasant caste.
They are classified as a Forward Caste in Andhra Pradesh, where they are the dominant community in the districts of East Godavari and West Godavari. They are distinct from three other Kapu communities that were present in the state prior to its bifurcation with the creation of Telangana in 2014. The Munnuru Kapu are found primarily in Telangana, the Turpu Kapu in the areas of Srikakulam, Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam, and the Balija in Rayalaseema. The first two of these other three communities are classified as Other Backward Classes.
Etymology.
"Kāpu" literally means cultivator or agriculturist in Telugu. Various subgroups of Kapus branched off into separate communities in the post-Kakatiya period (Velamas, Panta Kapus and Pakanati Kapus—both of whom got labelled Reddys, and Kapus of Kammanadu—eventually labelled Kammas). The remaining Kapus continue to use the original label. All the cultivator caste clusters have a common ancestry in the legends. According to Cynthia Talbot, the transformation of occupational identities as caste labels occurred in the late Vijayanagara period (17th century) or later.
Status.
The Kapu are considered to be a Sat-Shudra community in the traditional Hindu ritual ranking system known as varna.
The Kapu have been described by Srinivasulu as a "dominant peasant caste in coastal Andhra", with the Telaga listed as "a backward peasant caste" and the Balija as a peasant caste who hold Lingayat beliefs. Srinisavulu has analysed the 1921 census of India to cause alignment with the present-day state and classification system, from which he concludes that Kapus (including Reddys) amounted to around 17 percent of the state's then population and were regarded as a Forward caste, whilst the Balija and Telaga were regarded as Backward castes, comprising 3 percent and 5 percent of the 1921 population, respectively.
Srinivasulu notes that the Reddys and Kammas are the politically dominant communities of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, and that the Kapus are among a group with lesser but still significant influence, despite their small population. They are particularly effective in the districts of East Godavari and West Godavari, although Srinivasulu notes that "The Kapus of the coastal districts are distinct from the Munnur Kapus of Telangana. While the former are fairly prosperous, the political emergence of the latter, who are part of the OBC category, is a recent phenomenon."
The official government classifications rarely distinguished between the Kapu sub-castes. All Kapus were classified as forming a backward caste in 1915 by the British government of the Madras Presidency, which remained in force even after the formation of Andhra Pradesh until 1956. In that year, the government of Andhra Pradesh removed Kapus from the list of backward castes. Even though various governments have since made efforts to include them again, the efforts have not been successful. In 1968, the Anantha Raman Commission set up by the Andhra Pradesh government recognised Munnuru Kapus and Turpu Kapus as backward classes, but not the Kapus as a whole. The Mandal Commission set up by the Government of India in the 1980s recommended that Kapus be included among the Other Backward Classes (OBC). But the state governments were entrusted with finalising the list of castes for the OBC category. The state commission headed by N. K. Muralidhar Rao did not recommend any change to the status of the other Kapu castes.
In early 2016, the Kapus of the residual Andhra Pradesh state launched an agitation demanding the OBC status, leading to violent protests. The Indian National Congress party and the YSR Congress party have supported their demand. The then-ruling Telugu Desam Party was said to be opposed to the demand.
References.
Citations
Bibliography


Wave Hill Station

Wave Hill Station, most commonly referred to as Wave Hill, is a pastoral lease in the Northern Territory operating as a cattle station. The property is best known as the scene of the Wave Hill Walk-Off, a strike by Indigenous Australian workers for better pay and conditions, which in turn was an important influence on Aboriginal land rights in Australia.
Description.
Wave Hill is located about east of Kalkaringi, south east of Timber Creek and about south of Darwin in the Northern Territory.
The station occupies an area of and encompasses part of the Victoria River, which bisects the station. The land is situated on high open downs with basalt plains and covered in Mitchell grass, and is well watered by the Victoria River to the west and the Camfield River to the east as well as numerous creeks.
The northern portion of the property is predominantly vertisols covered in tussock grassland. The southern portion is based mostly on kandosols with a landscape composed of open woodland to the south west and shrubland to the east with smaller areas of hummock grassland dispersed throughout.
It is bounded to the north west by Victoria River Downs, the north east by Camfield Station, to the east by Cattle Creek Station. Areas to the south and west are Aboriginal Land holdings.
 it is shown as named Wave Hill or Wave Hill/Cattle Creek and owned by Western Grazing. It is the company’s largest station, at over . It uses Grey Brahman, Charolais and Charbray bulls to breed cattle. It mainly supplies the live export market, but can also move stock south into Queensland.
History.
The traditional owners of the lands are the Gurindji peoples, who have lived in the area for approximately 60,000 years.
The area was first explored by Europeans in 1854 by Augustus Charles Gregory, and later in 1879 by Alexander Forrest during his journey from the coast of Western Australia to the Overland Telegraph Line. Both Wave Hill and Victoria River Downs were established in 1883.
Buchanan Family.
The station was established in 1883 by Nathaniel Buchanan, who took delivery of 1,000 head of cattle in May 1884 after having some trouble finding a suitable route. Buchanan, a renowned explorer and bushman, took delivery of another 3,000 head in late 1885 that had been overlanded from Cloncurry. An employee at the station, John Holmes from Devonshire, died of sunstroke in October 1887.
By 1888, Buchanan was moving cattle off Wave Hill and to another holding, Sturt's Creek Station, where he was fattening the cattle for butchering on-site. This was providing prime fresh beef, at sixpence per pound, to the men at the nearby gold diggings and at the port at Wyndham. The station manager in 1891 was Sam Croker (also known as "Greenhide Sam") who was described as "as thorough a bushman as can be found in all of Australia". It was Croker that also provided the name of the station when he suggested it after being struck by the sharp undulations of the plateau.
Buchanan put the property up for auction in 1894, advertising the property as being of high open downs, basalt plains with rich black soil covered in with Mitchell grass. Wave Hill was stocked with horses and 15,000 head of cattle, of which 8,000 bullocks were ready for market. The property was purchased by Nathaniel Buchanan's brother, William Buchanan who then suffered from a tick infestation on cattle in the area, meaning he was unable to move any stock across the Western Australian border in late 1896. The station was blamed for introducing the tick into the Kimberley after 600 cattle from the station crossed the border in 1896 and 100 had died as a result from tick or redwater.
In 1899, station manager Mr T. Cahill and his stockmen were attacked by Indigenous Australians while they were in camp while out mustering. The men had been mustering in an area where a man known as "Paddy the Lasher" had been murdered two years earlier, and once they had made camp and were sitting down to a meal several spears were thrown at them, hitting none of the men. The party made to defend themselves and the attackers scattered. Later the same year the homestead was burned to the ground. This was also blamed on an Aboriginal group who had "been pretty troublesome on the station lately". The first person to cycle around Australia, Arthur Charles Jeston Richardson, was to stop at the station during his ride, and found the burnt out building. He later came across the mustering party to give them the bad news.
By 1901, the station was carrying about 20,000 head of cattle.
20,000 head of cattle were removed from Wave Hill and overlanded to Killarney Station, near Narrabri in New South Wales, in 1904. The "remarkable droving feat" took 18 months to complete.
A droving record was set by William Philips in 1906 when he overlanded 1,260 bullocks from Wave Hill some to Burrendilla, near Charleville in just 32 weeks.
By 1907, Wave Hill was stocked with an estimated 58,000 head of cattle.
Vestey Group.
Buchanan died in 1911 and Wave Hill was advertised to be sold by auction in February 1913. The property was advertised in 1912 as occupying an area of , stocked with 75,000 cattle and 1,400 horses. The property was bought the English company Union Cold Storage Company in January 1914. Union was part of the Vestey Group, a British pastoral conglomerate owned by Lord Vestey.
The station manager, Harold Seale, who had lived in the Territory for the preceding ten years, died of pneumonia and pleurisy in 1915 at 35 years of age. A subsequent manager, Oswald Quinn, died in 1921 – also at age 35 – from malaria and complications arising from the effects of gas from overseas military action.
A meat house, used for storage, was burnt down in 1921. The building was in poor condition and unhygienic.
By 1923 the size of the property was estimated at and was the third largest run in the Northern Territory, the largest being Victoria River Downs, which occupied .
Destructive floods wreaked havoc at the station in February 1924. Following heavy rains the river rose rapidly and swept away buildings, plant and stock worth thousands of pounds. A safer site was selected and a new homestead was completed a year later.
A wireless station was constructed at the station in 1925. The set had a two kilowatt power rating and could be used to communicate with Camooweal some away and bigger towns such as Darwin and Townsville. The set was powered by an oil electric generator.
The explorer and author Michael Terry passed through Wave Hill as part of his expedition to drive from Broome in Western Australia to Darwin in 1927.
Following the disappearance of the Southern Cross that was piloted by Charles Kingsford Smith in early April 1929 as part of the flight from Sydney to Wyndham, messages had been sent using the Wave Hill wireless station. Several search-planes went to look for the "Southern Cross" including the "Kookaburra", flown by Lieutenant Keith Anderson with mechanic R. Hitchcock, which took off from Alice Springs on the 10th of April. The "Kookaburra" never landed at Wave Hill to resupply and was declared missing. The "Southern Cross" was found 12 April on mudflats at the mouth of the Glenelg River in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. The wreckage of the "Kookaburra" was found in desert country south-east of Wave Hill on 21 April with Hitchcock's body beneath one wing and Anderson missing. Anderson's body was found a few hundred meters away.
The station was struck by drought in 1932 with many springs drying up and cattle being in poor condition. 4,200 head of Wave Hill stock had to be quarantined at Anthony's Lagoon after an outbreak of pleuro-pneumonia.
Shorthorn cattle were introduced into the herd in 1935. Sixteen bulls were brought in from Queensland and it was hoped that breeding with the shorthorn would improve the quality of the herd.
Another drought struck in 1936 when the monsoon failed to deliver any significant rain, Wave Hill lost about one quarter of its stock from lack of water and feed.
Aboriginal station workers were ready to walk off the station in 1938 as a result of a shortage of food stuffs available to them over the wet season. Potatoes, onions and other essential commodities were not supplied, in violation of the Pastoral Award. The station owners transferred the workers to other properties.
Throughout the 20th century, the station was a centre of cultural and musical exchange, as Aboriginal station workers from different language groups exchanged songs and performed "wajarra" (public or non-sacred songs).
Following another drought in 1954 most of the stock were droved to Helen Springs Station. Six mobs of cattle each with about 1,300 head, most of which were in very poor condition, had to make the long trek of about with very little grass available along the way. It was expected that only about 60% of the stock would survive the trip.
Cattle Creek.
By the 1960s the second homestead or outstation, now known as Cattle Creek or Jinparak, was made up of the main building as well as at least 20 corrugated iron buildings as well as a number of bough sheds, a thatched meat house, several outhouses, a poultry yard, stockyards and a bore. This homestead was abandoned in 1969 with the usable buildings removed and the rest demolished.
In 1984 the property was sub-divided into Wave Hill and Cattle Creek stations, but it is shown as one property, named Wave Hill or Wave Hill/Cattle Creek.
Wave Hill Walk-Off.
Wave Hill is best known for the Wave Hill Walk-Off or Gurindji strike, referring to the walk-off and strike by 200 Gurindji stockmen, house servants and their families in August 1966. The strike lasted until 1975 when the federal Labor government of Gough Whitlam finally negotiated with Vesteys to give the Gurindji back a portion of their land, a landmark in the land rights movement in Australia for Indigenous Australians.
Oxenford.
Vestey Group sold its Australian pastoral holdings in early 1992. The Western Grazing company name and some of the former Vestey holdings were bought by Gambamora Industries, owned by Brian Oxenford and the Oxenford family, who have other pastoral interests.
Gavin Hoad took over as station manager in 1992 and remained 18 years at the station until he resigned in 2010 after finding it too difficult to find experienced workers.
In 2007 the walk-off route was heritage listed. Parts of the route include; the old Wave Hill homestead, the fence-line down to the Gordy Creek waterhole crossing, the track to the Victoria River camp (Lipanangu) although it is now traversed by the Buchanan Highway. The route then continues to the bottom camp then turns to the Daguragu Community to the handover site at a small park near the centre of the community.
Top Gear.
The British Television show Top Gear filmed a segment of their Season 22 episode herding cattle at this station. They used a Bentley Continental GT, a BMW M6 Gran Coupe and a Nissan GTR.
2020 native title determination.
A native title claim was lodged in 2016 by the Central Land Council on behalf of the traditional owners, as there were mining interests in the area covered by Wave Hill Station's pastoral lease. On 8 September 2020, the Federal Court of Australia recognised the native title rights of the Gurindji people to of the Wave Hill Station, allowing them to receive royalties as compensation from resource companies who explore the area. Justice Richard White said that the determination recognised Indigenous involvement (Jamangku, Japuwuny, Parlakuna-Parkinykarni and Yilyilyimawu peoples) with the land "at least since European settlement and probably for millennia". The court sitting took place nearly south of Darwin, and descendants of Lingiari and others involved in the walk-off celebrated the determination.


Pablakhali Wildlife Sanctuary

Pablakhali Wildlife Sanctuary () is a wildlife sanctuary at the northern end of the Kaptai reservoir in the Chittagong Hill Tracts region of Bangladesh. The area of the sanctuary is , and it is located on the eastern and northern hills of Bangladesh. The nearest town is Rangamati ( which is from the sanctuary. The western boundary of the sanctuary is formed by the Kassalong River.
Description.
The climatic conditions are typically sub-tropical with a dry period from November to May. The mean annual rainfall is with heavy rainfall in the monsoon season of July and August. The sanctuary area is bounded on the southern side by steep rugged hills. The soil is clay in the valley and pale brown to yellow-red (acidic) loam on the hills. A dam at Kaptai () was constructed as a part of Karnaphuli hydroelectric project resulting in submergence of a large portion of the sanctuary. Humidity is high throughout the year. The IUCN protected area category is II.
History.
Two forest villages of 112 inhabitants were setup in 1950. More recently, a large population of Rohingya have settled inside the sanctuary.
Biodiversity.
The sanctuary has a tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen type of forest. It is covered with dense shrubby vegetation with patches of dense forest and bamboos.
Flora.
The forest type is mainly tropical evergreen in the valleys and areas adjoining the rivers and lakes. The tree species growing are mainly Civit ("Swintonia floribunda"), Garjan ("Dipterocarpus turbinatus")., Tula tree ("Pterygota alata"), "Quercus" spp. and "Castanopsis". The other forest type is tropical moist deciduous. The trees found in this forest type are mainly "Dipterocarpus" sps; "Mangifera indica"; "Amoora lawii"; "Cinnamomum" sps.; "Syzygium cumini"; "Tetrameles nudiflora"; "Salmalia malabaricum" and "Albizia" sps. Albizia. The trees are scattered and interspersed with extensive tracts of grassland.
Fauna.
The Indian elephant ("Elephas Maximus") is the major threatened species found in the sanctuary. They are mainly restricted to the southern part, where savannas and perennial water bodies support their populations. The other threatened species is Hoolock gibbon ("Hylobates hoolock"). More common species include Wild boar ("Sus scrofa"); Rhesus macaque ("Macaca mulatta"); Capped langur ("Presbytis pileata"); Dhole ("Cuon alpinus"); small cats; otters; Indian muntjac ("Muntiacus muntjak") and Sambar ("Cervus unicolor"). About 123 species of birds have been reported from the sanctuary. Records describe the presence of Tiger, two species of Rhinoceros, Banteng and Gaur in the sanctuary area which have since disappeared.
Threats.
Part of the sanctuary is allotted to the settlers from the plains. The major threats are encroachment for cultivation land, removal of forest produce, and tree cutting by local people. The construction of Kaptai dam has also resulted in loss of wildlife in the area.


Hucul pony

The Hucul or Carpathian is a pony or small horse breed originally from the Carpathian Mountains. It has a heavy build and possesses great endurance and hardiness. The breed is also referred to as the Carpathian pony, Huculska, Hutsul, Huțul, Huțan or Huzul. The breed gets its name from the Hutsul people, who live mostly in the Carpathians in Ukraine and in Romania, but also in an area in the East Carpathian Mountains north of the river Bistritz, officially named “Huzelei”.
Characteristics.
Hucul ponies are usually calm with a good disposition, and are used for both hacking and pulling timber in otherwise inaccessible forested areas. They are usually bay, black, chestnut, or the grullo variation of dun, with a dorsal stripe and zebra stripes on the legs characteristic of the breed. Their conformation traits include a short head with a relatively short neck, compact body, short legs, and sound feet.
History.
The Hucul bears some resemblance to the now-extinct Tarpan. Said to have originated in the Carpathian Mountain range of Eastern Europe covered by present-day Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia and Romania, it is named after the small sub-ethnic Ukrainian group of Hutsuls. However, the horse breed is much older than the Hutsul people. The Huculs are probably depicted on the monuments erected by Roman Emperors Domitian and Trajan, as Dacian draft horses. The breed was mentioned for the first time in written resources around 400 years ago (as the "Mountain Tarpan"). Unlike the Polish Konik, the Hucul has been only rarely cross-bred with domestic horses.
In the 19th century, the Huculs were used by the Austro-Hungarian Army.
In 1856, the first stud farm was established at Rădăuţi, Romania. Several bloodlines were established by the foundation stallions Goral, Hroby, Ouşor, Pietrousu and Prislop, and the horses were carefully bred to preserve the purity of these bloodlines. In 1922, thirty-three horses were sent to Czechoslovakia to establish a herd there which would become the Gurgul line. World War II caused a severe decline in the number of Hucul horses in Czechoslovakia. After the end of the war, only 300 Hucul horses remained there. Even though a stud-book was established in 1924 in the Huzelei after Polish cavalry officer Michal Holländer encouraged it, it was not until the early 1970s that breeders established an organization, Hucul Club, to prevent the extinction there caused by the declining number. In 1982 they established a stud book with fifty purebred animals and the goal of increasing the numbers in that region.
In 2004 Polish Horse Breeders Association was recognised by the European Union as keeper of the Studbook of Origin of the breed.
Thanks to the efforts of breeders, the world population of these horses now exceeds a few thousands. Most of them live in Western Europe. In Poland in 2019 there where 1446 mares and 167 stallions registered in the Stud-book of Origin of Hucul breed. There are also breeding studs in Slovakia, Romania, Czech Republic, and Ukraine. Many ponies in Europe also have Hucul blood. In recent years the popularity of this breed has spread as far as England.
In Vinnytsia oblast of Ukraine, a hucul stud farm was established by Gennady Romanenko in 2016.


Junshan Yinzhen

Junshan Yinzhen (; Standard Chinese pronunciation ) is a yellow tea from Junshan Island of the Hunan Province in China. It is one of the ten Chinese Famous Teas. Although the same kind of tea trees are also planted around Dongting Lake, where Junshan Island is located, those teas should not be called Junshan Yinzhen. The tea resembles the White tea Yinzhen known as Bai Hao Yinzhen. Junshan Yinzhen, allegedly the preferred tea of Chairman Mao Zedong, is a rare tea sometimes sold as White tea.


Henry Samuel Chapman

Henry Samuel Chapman (21 July 1803 – 27 December 1881) was an Australian and New Zealand judge, colonial secretary, attorney-general, journalist and politician.
Early life.
Chapman was born at Kennington, London, the son of Henry Chapman, English civil servant, and his wife Ann, daughter of Rev. Thomas Hart Davies. Chapman was educated privately at Bromley, Kent.
In 1818, he entered a bank, then in 1823 emigrated to Quebec, Canada where he went into business as a commission merchant. In 1833 he started the first Canadian daily newspapers, the radical "Montreal Daily Advertiser", in association with Samuel Revans.
In 1835, Chapman returned to England as a salaried intermediary between the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada and its friends in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. Chapman remained in England for some time and took up the study of law, being admitted to the bar of the Middle Temple in 1840. Five years earlier he had published "The Act for the Regulation of Municipal Corporations . . . with a complete index and notes". He was also involved in journalism and various Liberal reform movements e.g. the anti-corn law agitations. He served on several Royal Commissions on industry, e.g. on the Yorkshire wool industry, and contributed to reviews and to the seventh edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica.
New Zealand and Australia.
Chapman founded the "New Zealand Journal", which he edited and published in London from 1840 to 1843; he also published the "New Zealand Portfolio". He supported the colonising ideas of Edward Gibbon Wakefield, and had a passion for colonial self-government, on which he published several treatises. In 1843 he published the "New Zealand Portfolio, Papers on Subjects of Importance to the Colonists", and was appointed a judge of the Supreme Court of New Zealand. He was stationed at Wellington, residing at Karori. The size of the district meant covering such distances as Kawhia to New Plymouth () and New Plymouth to Wellington () on foot. But he was under the Chief Justice William Martin and, according to Charlotte Godley, always "considered himself too good for his present position". During this time Chapman gave what has become an influential judgment on native title in "R v Symonds" (1847). So in 1852 he accepted a position in Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania).
Chapman went to Van Diemen's Land as Colonial Secretary in 1852, arriving in April. Later that year, as a nominee member of the council, left the chamber when a vote on the transportation question was being taken. Governor Denison held that as a representative of the government in the legislative council Chapman should have supported its transportation policy and virtually dismissed him, though he gave him leave of absence on half pay until the question could be referred to the Secretary of State. The governor's action was confirmed and Chapman went to Melbourne in 1854 and practised as a barrister. On 13 February 1855 he was elected a member of the Victorian Legislative Council for South Bourke, Evelyn and Mornington, and early in 1856 drafted the bill which brought in the ballot system of secret voting, afterwards known as the 'Australian' or 'Victorian' system and adopted by other countries all over the world. The "Australian Encyclopaedia", entry under "ballot", points out that it became law in Victoria on 19 March 1856 and in South Australia on 2 April 1856; though the South Australian proposals had been made first. In Victoria there were very vague ideas about the working of a secret system of voting. Chapman's special contribution was that he devised a method that was workable, and drafted the first bill to become law in any part of the world. Under it the voter struck out the name of any candidate he did not desire to be elected, and this procedure was followed in Victoria until federation came in. Though without a seat in parliament, he had been defeated at an election at St Kilda, Chapman was Attorney-General in the first O'Shanassy ministry for a few weeks in 1857, and securing the St Kilda seat in December, in the following March was asked to form a ministry. This was done with O'Shanassy as premier and Chapman as attorney-general. This government resigned on 27 October 1859. In 1860 Chapman was a lecturer in law at the University of Melbourne. In 1861 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly for Mornington. He resigned his seat in February 1862 to become an acting-judge of the Supreme Court of Victoria, while Redmond Barry took a year's leave of absence.
In March 1864, Chapman was appointed a judge of the Supreme Court of New Zealand, at Dunedin.
He was involved there with the University of Otago and the Otago Institute.
Chapman retired in 1875 taking up commerce and sheep farming in Central Otago, he died of cancer in Dunedin, New Zealand.
He had an obituary notice in The Times.
Family.
Chapman married twice; firstly on 6 June 1840, to Catherine DeLancy Brewer (born 1810), (daughter of T. G. Brewer, a London barrister), who was drowned while returning to Australia from visiting England along with two sons and a daughter when the passenger ship SS "London" foundered in the Bay of Biscay in January 1866. They had seven children together, six sons and a daughter.
Chapman revisited England, and on 11 April 1868 married Selina Frances Carr, sister-in-law of Richard Davies Ireland, who survived him, with at least three sons of the first marriage. His third son, Martin Chapman, was amongst the first seven King's Counsel to be appointed in New Zealand in 1907. His fifth son, Sir Frederick Revans Chapman, became a Supreme Court judge in New Zealand, and President of the Court of Arbitration.


Earle Drope

Robert Earle Drope (14 October 1898 – 7 October 1969) was a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Harwood, Ontario and became a farmer and manager by career.
Drope served in the military during World War I, attaining the rank of major. Later, he was a municipal councillor for Hamilton Township for five years. He also managed the Harwood Cooperative Creamery.
He was first elected to Parliament at the Northumberland riding in the 1945 general election, serving one term in office until his defeat in 1949 by Frederick Robertson of the Liberal party.


Floc de Gascogne

The Floc de Gascogne is a regional apéritif from the Côtes de Gascogne and Armagnac regions of Sud-Ouest wine region of France. It is a "vin de liqueur" fortified with armagnac, the local brandy. It has had "Appellation d'origine contrôlée" status since 1990.
Elsewhere in France analogous drinks are made (Pineau des Charentes in the Cognac zone, Macvin in Jura; there is also Pommeau, similarly made by blending apple juice and apple brandy).
History.
Floc de Gascogne is produced according to a recipe that has been in use in the French region of Gascony since the 16th century. The name "Floc de Gascogne" was coined by Henri Lamor, a winemaker from Cravencères, in 1954. The word "floc" comes from the Occitan language and means bouquet of flowers.
Characteristics.
Floc de Gascogne is a mistelle, a "vin de liqueur" (a fortified sweet wine) made of 1/3 of armagnac and 2/3 of fresh grape juice both from the wine area "Armagnac" / "Côtes de Gascogne". Both of these must be produced by the same vineyard.
Floc de Gascogne is produced in both white and rosé varieties. The alcohol percentage is between 16 and 18% vol.
After blending, the Floc is kept for 10 months in the cellar of the producer and must be approved by a committee of experts before it can be sold under the appellation Floc de Gascogne.
It is used as an aperitif most often, but also as a dessert drink. It should be consumed while cool, and is superb on ice. Almond, jasmine, roses, honey, black fruit and condiments are characteristic notes. Floc should be drunk within a year after the production. Once a bottle is opened, it may be stored for up to three months in the refrigerator.
Armagnac/Côtes de Gascogne region.
The region is divided in three distinct production areas:
The production area is spread across three regions: Gers, Lot-et-Garonne and the Landes. Only grapes harvested in this region may be distilled to Armagnac. The Armagnac area and the Côtes de Gascogne have the same borders. The whole AOC covers vineyards totaling 15.000 hectares.


Carl Wentzel

Carl Wentzel-Teutschenthal (9 December 1875 – 20 December 1944) was a German farmer and agricultural contractor. He was executed at Plötzensee Prison in Berlin following the 20 July plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler.


Weingut Wittmann

Weingut Wittmann is a German wine grower and producer based Westhofen, in the Wonnegau district of the wine-growing region of Rheinhessen, Germany. Weingut Wittmann is a member of the Verband Deutscher Prädikats- und Qualitätsweingüter since 1998.
History.
The Wittmann family winery was first mentioned in 1663 as leasehold estate of the Electoral Palatine ″Seehof″. The bottling of their own wines started in 1921. During the 1960s Georg and Irmgard Wittmann profiled the viticultural part of their typical craft ″Rhinehesse mixed farm″.
The owners Günter and Elisabeth Wittman started the environmentally sustainable turnaround already in the 1980s and changed over to organic viticulture. After an episode within the Ecovin movement, the winery is belonging to the Naturland association of organic farmers since 1990.
Vineyards and wine.
Wittmann works with 25 hectares vineyards, including vines in Morstein, Aulerde and Kirchspiel. These are selected sites, capable to produce ″Grosses Gewächs″, top-level dry wines. Chief enologist is the Geisenheimer Philipp Wittmann.


Tijuca National Park

The Tijuca National Park () is a urban national park in the mountains of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The park is part of the Atlantic Forest Biosphere Preserve, and is administered by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio).
History.
The contemporary Tijuca National Park and its surrounding forests are largely the result of reforestation. In the 1700s, forests in the future park around Rio de Janeiro were cleared for fuel, coffee growing and livestock. Unhappily, the small streams in the former forest were a significant source of the city's water supply, and with variable rainfall the city began to experience water shortages and flash floods.
Emperor Pedro II of Brazil established federal control over the area in 1861, and efforts began to restore the former forest on the bare slopes and abandoned fields. Re-planting of trees was carried out by Major Manuel Gomes Archer in the second half of the 19th, with over 100,000 trees planted from 1861 to 1887. Around this time, a cog railway was built to carry passengers to the top of Corcovado, and between 1922 and 1931 the famous statue "Christ the Redeemer" was built.
In 1961, Tijuca Forest was declared a national park and in 2011, the Carioca Mosaic was established, including the park. In 2012, UNESCO designated the landscapes around Rio de Janeiro, including the park, as a world heritage site.
Geography.
Tijuca National Park is claimed to be the world's largest urban forest, covering some , although this title is disputed with Johannesburg, South Africa.
The park shares its name with the "bairros" (neighborhoods) of Tijuca and Barra da Tijuca nearby. The word "Tijuca" comes from the Tupi language and means "marsh", a reference to the Tijuca Lagoon in the contemporary Barra da Tijuca.
It is located in a mountainous region which encompasses the Tijuca Massif. Among its impressive peaks are the Pedra da Gávea and Corcovado. The forest and mountains form a natural boundary that separates the West Zone of Rio from the rest of the city, as well as dividing the North and South Zones.
One favela exists in the Tijuca Forest, called Mata Machado. Its inhabitants are mainly the descendants of those who migrated to the region in the 1930s to take part in the replanting effort. Though conditions have improved recently under the Favela-Bairro Project, it still contributes to environmental degradation in the forest.
Ecology
The Forest is home to hundreds of species of plants and wildlife, many threatened by extinction, and found only in the Atlantic Forest biome. The vegetation is so dense that scientists have estimated that ambient temperatures in surrounding areas have been lowered by up to 9 °C. The forest also contains some 30 waterfalls.
Due to the reforestation efforts of the late 19th century, about half of the area of a park is a mix of about 30 native tree species and ten introduced species. It is currently threatened by frequent, accidental fires set by humans, a problem compounded by colonization by more flammable grasses displacing native vegetation.
Tourism.
Given its proximity to the city, the park receives heavy use: in 2016, the park received 3,305,010 visitors. The park contains a number of attractions, most famously the colossal sculpture of "Christ the Redeemer". Other attractions include the Cascatinha Waterfall; the Mayrink Chapel, with murals painted by Cândido Portinari; the pagoda-style gazebo at Vista Chinesa; and a giant granite table called the "Mesa do Imperador" ("Emperor's Table").
There are numerous hiking trails. Common destinations are: Diamantina's waterfall, Parrot's Beak ("Bico do Papagaio"), Tijuca's Peak ("Pico da Tijuca"), Cave Circuit ("Circuito das Grutas"), Archer's Hill ("Morro do Archer"), Anhanguera's Hill ("Morro da Anhanguera"), the Excelsior Lookout ("Mirante do Excelsior") and the Bat's Cave ("Caverna dos Morcegos").


Rocklea Station

Rocklea Station, often referred to as Rocklea, is a pastoral lease that once operated as a sheep station but now operates as a cattle station.
It is located about south west of Tom Price and north west of Paraburdoo in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.
Rocklea occupies an area of and shares boundaries with Turee Creek Station, Ashburton Downs, Mininer and Wyloo Stations as well as vacant crown land. The property is divided by a line of basalt hills, including Mount Jope, that splits it into a northern and southern half. Otherwise the station is composed of broad sandy and clayey plains.
Established prior to 1911, the property was producing wool in that year. In 1925 Rocklea was owned by Smith and Smith. In 1949 Oscar Leonard Smith died in his sleep at a well on the property.
The property changed from grazing sheep to cattle in the 1960s.
In 1979 Rocklea was running a herd of 1,200 head of cattle, and is estimated to be able to run 2,660 head in a good season.
The mining company Hamersley Iron, a part of Rio Tinto, currently own Rocklea. Rio Tinto own another five stations in the Pilbara, including Yarraloola, Hamersley and Juna. Collectively the properties run a herd of approximately 24,000 cattle.


Augustine Ong

Augustine Ong Soon Hock is the Chairman of the International Society for Fat Research (ISF) since 1997 and the President of the Malaysian Oil Scientists' and Technologists' Association, Senior Fellow of the Academy of Sciences, Malaysia, Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry London and Fellow of the Third World Academy of Sciences.
He is a student of St. Francis Institution, in Malacca. He is a graduate of the University of Malaya (BSc Hons, MSc) and King's College London (PhD in Organic Chemistry). He is internationally recognized in the field of lipid chemistry.
Ong was serving as Dean, School of Chemical Sciences, and Universiti Sains Malaysia before joining the private sector where he was the former Director-General of the Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia (PORIM) from 1987 to 1989 and former Director in Science and Technology, Malaysian Palm Oil Promotion Council (MPOPC) from 1990 to 1996.
He has acquired networking in the oils and fats industry as well as in the academic world both locally and overseas. He was the Fulbright-Hays Fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) 1966 to 1967. He spent a sabbatical year in the University of Oxford as the Visiting Professor at the Dyson Perrins Laboratory, 1976 to 1977.
He has been active in research and development for more than 45 years since 1959 and this experience includes the chemistry and technology of palm oil in which he had more than 25 years' involvement since 1974. He has 14 patents in the technology of palm oil to his credit and published more than 380 articles.
He was the founding editor-in-chief of "Elaeis: International Journal of Oil Palm Research and Development" and is still a member of the Editorial Board.
He played a significant role in the programme to counter the Anti-Palm Oil Campaign from 1987 to 1989 which came to a favourable conclusion in 1989. He has been invited to serve as a member of Research Advisory Panels on Cocoa, Forestry, Rubber and Petroleum as well as a member of International Advisory Council in Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman. He is Founder President of the Malaysian Invention and Design Society (MINDS) since 1986. He is also President of the Confederation of Scientific and Technology Associations in Malaysia (COSTAM) and Malaysian Oil Scientists and Technologists' Association (MOSTA). He serves on the Board of several corporate organizations including University of Malaya, Malaysian-American Commission on Educational Exchange (MACEE), Country Heights Holdings Berhad. He had served as Director, HSBC (Malaysia) since its incorporation till 2004.


Hassad Food

Hassad Food is an investment arm of the Qatar Investment Authority with a primary focus on the field of agriculture. The company has the stated goal of meeting 60% of Qatar's food demand.
History.
Hassad Food was established in 2008 with the aim of attaining food self-sufficiency for Qatar.
Investments.
It was announced in June 2013 that the company was planning on investing $500 million in India in order to secure the production of coffee, rice and cardamom. As part of this objective, the company acquired majority ownership of Indian food production company Bush Foods Overseas Ltd in April 2013. In December 2014, Hassad Food submitted a First Information Report against Bush Food Overseas Ltd on the basis that they had allegedly falsified their financial statements and inventory records.
Hassad Food officially declared its intent to invest $400 million into Turkey's agriculture industry in October 2014. In April 2015, the company revealed its plans to invest $1 billion in Sudan.
Subsidiaries.
Hassad Australia.
Established in November 2009, the company's Oceania-based subsidiary "Hassad Australia" represents its first significant overseas investment. In October 2013, Hassad Australia's annual production output was estimated to be 100,000 sheep and 150,000 tonnes of grain.
As of June 2014, Hassad Australia owns thirteen farms measuring 750,000 ha. in Australia for the purposes of sheep and wheat production. The company's total investment in Australia's agriculture industry was valued at a reported $500 million as of 2015. Criticism has been leveled at the company's land grabbing activities within Australia.
Up to 2017, Hassad Food had invested more than $500 million to buy prime agricultural land in Australia, to own 3,000 square kilometres, with five properties in New South Wales, one in Victoria, one in Queensland, three in South Australia and three in Western Australia. The company is proposing to invest another $500 million in Australia. Senator Bernardi has said, "We can have a debate and a discussion about the wisdom of foreign ownership of some of our strategic assets, but I do not know how anyone can justify a government that is recognised by its peers and our allies as the funder of terrorism owning such resources in our own country".
Zulal Oasis.
Zulal Oasis was formed as a subsidiary of Hassad Food in 2013, as a joint venture with Oasis Agrotechnology, S.L, a Spanish company that is a consortium of four Spanish companies in Almería, Spain. Oasis and its constituent companies have more than 30,000 hectares under cultivation in Almería. Oasis was responsible for adapting the proprietary hydroponic technology of one of its members for use in the unique environmental conditions in the Gulf, i.e., very high summer temperatures together with high humidity. Zulal Oasis has achieved year round production of vegetables, which is unique in Qatar, by developing a dry air cooling system that uses no water, unlike commonly used evaporative cooling systems. As much as 87% of Zulal Oasis vegetable produce is classified in the top band of EU grading standards, and less than 1% of vegetable produce is rejected. Agricultural yield per unit of water used is highest using Zulal Oasis technology, compared to both other greenhouse technologies and open field cultivation. Because an aggregate of 98% of Qatar's fruit and vegetable imports is imported via one road from Saudi Arabia, Zulal Oasis has the primary goal of reaching 50 to 70 percent vegetable self-sufficiency for Qatar. The company's primary facility is a research and development greenhouse in Al-Shahaniya which uses a specially designed dry air cooling system and crop growing system. This system is intended to be more cost-effective while also broadening the scope of viable crop options. Around 200 hectares of land are allocated to the company.