Seppeltsfield (wine)

Seppeltsfield, one of Australia's oldest wineries, was founded in 1851 by Joseph Ernst Seppelt. The Seppeltsfield winery is well known for its signature wine, the 100-year-old Para Tawny.
History.
Joseph Ernest Seppelt, a merchant who sold such commodities as tobacco, snuff and liqueurs, emigrated with his family from Prussia (now Poland) to Australia in 1849 to break free from political and economic unrest. He was intent on growing and selling tobacco. In 1850, he and his family settled in Klemzig. After discovering that the land was not suited for such purpose, he and his family decided to settle in the Barossa Valley in 1851.
In 1851, Seppelt purchased of land for about £1 an acre which he called Seppeltsfield. He soon discovered that, as was the case in Klemzig, the land in the Barossa Valley was not suited for growing economically useful tobacco. However, the Seppelts did have success growing wheat on their land and, due to the gold rushes of the 1850s, were able to sell it for high prices due to high demand at the time. With his knowledge of liqueurs gained from his days as a merchant, Seppelt saw there was potential for wine production on his land. Soon thereafter, the Seppelts planted vines that flourished leading to a contribution to the Wines and Spirits category at the Melbourne Intercolonial Exhibition in 1866. By 1867, Joseph had begun construction of a full-scale winery, and by 1878, the port store cellar was completed. In 2006, the cellar held about 9 million litres of fortified wine.
Joseph Seppelt did not live to see the completion of his winery, as he died in early 1868. His eldest son, Oscar Benno Pedro, then 21, inherited a 55% majority of the winery. Benno's younger siblings, Victor and Ottilie, inherited 30% and 15% of the winery respectively. Benno later bought out his younger siblings and gained complete control of the winery.
Benno's oversight helped earn the winery a reputation for quality wines. At the turn of the century, the Seppelt Winery was Australia's largest winery, producing 2 million litres annually. The winery's reputation lead to statements like: "Seppeltsfield is undoubtedly the iconic winery of the Barossa".
100-year-old Para Tawny.
In 1878, to celebrate the completion of the cellar, Benno selected a puncheon (500 litre barrel) of his finest wine and declared that the barrel would be allowed to mature for 100 years. Thus was the idea of the "Seppelt Para 100 year old Tawny Port" born. Every year since 1878, the winery has set aside more of its finest wine for 100 years of barrel maturation. In 1978, the first bottles (750ml) of the 100-year-old wine were released. The Seppelt Para 100-year-old Tawny Port, then the Seppelt Para 100-year-old Tawny, and now the Seppeltsfield Para 100-year-old Tawny, has become the signature wine for the Seppelt, and subsequently Seppeltsfield, brand. Seppeltsfield is the only winery to have notable amounts of wine set aside in consecutive vintages for over 100 years, and nowhere else in the world does a winery annually release a commercially available wine a century old. In 2009, the wine was priced at $1,000 per half bottle (375ml). Originally released in 750ml bottles and 375ml half bottles, the wine is now available "in 375ml and 100ml formats".
Tonic wines.
Seppelts produced several wines promoted for their supposed health-giving properties. "Invalid port" and "Hospital brandy" were choice quality wines sold in small quantities and frequently prescribed by doctors in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Specialties were "Quinine champagne" and "Sedna". The latter was a port wine containing extract of beef, kola nut and coca leaf, produced by Deans, Logan & Co. of Belfast, Ireland, and marketed by Seppelts from around 1908. It may later have been produced under licence by Seppelts. Later formulations had kola nut powder as the only advertised additive, the meat extract and coca having been dropped in 1923.
Winery ownership.
Benno and his wife had a total of 16 children. In 1902, Benno set up "B Seppelt & Sons Ltd", and on his retirement in 1916, their eldest surviving son, Oscar (Oscar Benno Seppelt,) became Managing Director. After Benno's death in 1931, many of their children took interests in the company.
The company (and winery) remained in the Seppelt family until 1984 when it became the subject of a share market struggle for its control, and subsequent takeover by SA Brewing Holdings in 1985. Meanwhile, Tooth & Co., part of the Adelaide Steamship Group, purchased a number of wineries. AdSteam sold its wineries to SA Brewing Holdings in 1990, who then renamed all of its wine holdings "The Penfolds Wines Group", and then in 1994, Southcorp Wines.
In 2005 ownership changed hands again when the Foster's Group purchased Southcorp Wines. In 2006 it was expected that about 300,000 people would visit Seppeltsfield annually.
In 2007, ownership of the winery changed again when the Seppeltsfield Estate Trust, (Nathan Waks (managing director) and Bruce Baudinet (chairman), who were also the partners behind the Clare Valley winery, Kilikanoon), purchased Seppelts from the Foster's Group, and started using the Seppeltsfield name on wine labels.
On 5 March 2013, then managing director, Warren Randall, became majority shareholder, acquiring over 90% of the shares.
JamFactory.
In 2013, the arts and crafts organisation, JamFactory, opened its regional extension on the Seppeltsfield estate, including studios, gallery and shop. The shop sells an extensive range of hand-crafted ceramics, furniture, glassware, jewellery and other items.


Kemira GrowHow

Kemira GrowHow is a fertilizer producer headquartered in downtown Helsinki, Finland. Its products are sold in over 100 countries but it has market stronghold in Northern Europe. Most of the revenue (55%) comes from Western Europe, particularly from the UK and Ireland (18%). Kemira Growhow was a division of Kemira, which was originally a fertilizer producer owned by state of Finland. Kemira's operations were started in year 1920, and Kemira Growhow was separated from the rest of Kemira in 2004. In 2004, Kemira Growhow had 2700 employees, a revenue of 1220.9 million euros, with profit 47.8 million euros.
On May 24, 2007 Yara International, a Norwegian rival, bought 30.05% of the company from the Finnish State and offered to buy the rest, valuing the company at 671.8 million euros. After the EU approval, Yara completed the acquisition and in March 2008 "Kemira GrowHow" became Yara subsidiary "Yara Suomi" and started re branding its products to Yara.


Indigo Agriculture

Indigo Agriculture is a Boston, Massachusetts-based agricultural technology company that works with plant microbes, aiming to improve yields of cotton, wheat, corn, soybeans, and rice. The company also offers crop storage and other logistics programs for farmers.
David Perry, who had led the company since 2014, was replaced by Ron Hovsepian in September 2020. Perry is also leaving the company’s board.
History and funding.
In 2014, Indigo was founded as Symbiota by Noubar Afeyan and Geoffrey von Maltzahn; led by CEO David Perry. In February 2016, the company rebranded as Indigo Agriculture. The company has raised over $300 million in venture capital funding, with help from investors Flagship Pioneering, the Alaska Permanent Fund, Baillie Gifford, the Investment Corporation of Dubai, and Activant Capital. Indigo’s Series D in 2016 was noted to be the largest private equity financing in the agricultural technology sector.
In September 2017, the company raised USD$156 million, giving it a total valuation of USD$1.4 billion and making it a "unicorn", the term given to start-ups worth more than USD$1 billion.
Products and services.
Indigo's seed treatments contain microbes that live within plant tissue, unlike existing microbial seed treatments that contain microbes that live around the roots. The first product, Indigo Cotton, a seed treatment containing bacteria isolated from cotton plants that is intended to improve yields under drought conditions was launched in July 2016. By 2018 the company has also launched similar seed treatments to improve drought resistance in wheat, corn, soybeans, rice, and barley. During 2016, the company released commercial data about its various products targeting cotton, wheat, and corn.
In the United States, Indigo contracts with growers to purchase their crops at a premium and resell them to buyers, and assists with logistics. In 2017, the first year this model was implemented, Indigo contracted approximately half a million acres in cotton, wheat, corn, soy, and rice.


Mecklenburger

The Mecklenburger is a warmblood horse bred in the Mecklenburg-Vorpommern region of north-eastern Germany. The breeding of these horses has been closely linked to the State Stud of Redefin.
Historically influenced by Arabian and Thoroughbred blood, today's Mecklenburger is an athletic riding and driving horse similar to the neighboring Hanoverian. They are bred to the same standards as the other German Warmbloods, and are especially suitable for dressage and show jumping, though they are used for combined driving, eventing and show hunter competition as well.
History.
The region today known as Mecklenburg-Vorpommern was, until 1934, composed of the duchies of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz. However, the region was united by virtue of being under the rule of the House of Mecklenburg, so the histories of Schwerin, Strelitz and the other Mecklenburg duchies are intertwined. The history of warmblood horse breeding - that is, a horse that was neither draft horse nor Arabian nor Thoroughbred - in Mecklenburg is similar to that in the rest of Germany.
Mecklenburgers prior to World War II were all-purpose utility horses. Individual sires, families or breeders might specialize, but the most economically efficient horse was one that had many uses. Primarily, these uses were cavalry, transport, and agriculture.
The requirements for a cavalry horse were affected by three major changes: the decline of the Knight after the 16th century, the popularization of firearms in the late 19th century, and mechanization in the early 20th century. Between the Middle Ages and mechanization, the ideal cavalry horse was athletic, agile and highly obedient. Cavalry horses were typically bred for the nobility, but horses belonging to other residents were trained as "remounts." Following mechanization, the role of the cavalry horse in Europe was diminished to ceremonial use.
What was required of horses as part of transport was affected by similar advances: the advent of long-distance public stagecoach travel in the 16th century, the invention of the steam engine, and mechanization. Pulling stage coaches did not necessitate beauty, but endurance, efficiency and soundness. Large-scale train transport in Germany took hold late in the 19th century and significantly reduced the need for stage horses. More elegant carriage horses with high-stepping gaits became more popular for short-distance traveling, as did saddle horses. Once again, mechanization all but negated the horse's role in transport.
The agricultural niche filled by the horse was also affected by technological achievements. While plows became increasingly lighter and more efficient over time, the primary factor in determining the qualities of a region's plow horse was the soil. Throughout the ages, the demand for agricultural horses was also affected by the local populations, fluctuations in which altered the demand for food. Periods of high growth meant higher food demands, and more demand for plow horses. Yet again, mechanization following World War II ousted the horse from this role.
Early horse breeding in Mecklenburg.
During the 18th century when many of Germany's noble houses were establishing expansive stud farms to supply their courts with horses suitable for riding, driving, and cavalry purposes, horse-breeding in Mecklenburg was chiefly motivated by large, private stud farms. Residents had some access to stallions owned by their rulers, but a state breeding program did not yet exist.
Breeding efforts of renown were, however, taking place under the Counts of Plessen by the houses of Bassewitz and Hahn. Indeed, the versatile horses bred in the region were of distinctive eastern ("oriental") type and were well known as coach, saddle, and utility horses. In horse breeding, the term "oriental" suggests the influence of horses from the Middle East, including Arabian horses and Turkoman horses. Another characteristic of Mecklenburg breeding is the early involvement with the English Thoroughbred racehorse. The first-ever race track in Germany was created in 1822 at Bad Doberan, the summer retreat of the court of Schwerin.
The Royal Principal Stud, which kept a herd of mares in addition to standing stallions, was founded in 1810 and was followed in 1812 by the State Stud of Redefin. The breeding efforts of these two facilities were combined in 1819 by Joachim von Bülow, Senior State Equerry. In addition to the noble warmblood horses for which Mecklenburg was known, Joachim von Bülow populated the stud farms and their outposts with elegant Thoroughbred stallions. While the unusual affinity for part-Thoroughbred horses did not always suit the needs of farmers in the region, Redefin supplied the State Stud of Celle with stock year after year, including stallions like Jellachich and Norfolk that would become founders of the Hanoverian. Less than fifteen years after being founded, Redefin was composed of over 134 stallions at 26 outposts. In "The Three Musketeers", written in the 1840s, d'Artagnan is given a "vigorous Mecklenburg horse" to ride.
By 1847, less than a fifth of the Redefin stallions were without at least one Thoroughbred grandparent, a trait that began to affect the soundness and longevity of their offspring. In an effort to correct this, draft horse stallions were put to use, but the result was merely a loss of the identifiable type. To regain the utilitarian warmblood type, which differed from the older coach horse type due to the advent of the steam locomotive, suitable horses were purchased from Hannover. As a result of the regular exchange of breeding stock, Mecklenburgers and Hanoverians remained similar to one another, and distinctly different from the heavier Oldenburgers and Holsteiners.
Mecklenburgers in the 20th century.
Mecklenburgers at the turn of the 20th century were bred much the same as their Hanoverian counterparts: stylish carriage and saddle horses, still suitable for plowing. As the locomotive replaced the stage coach for long-distance travel, less efficiency of movement was required of driving horses, resulting in higher action. During World War I, however, horses were used to pull artillery wagons and as remounts. In response, the horses were bred to be heavier and calmer. By 1920, Redefin's roster of 176 state-owned sires served over 10,000 mares at over 30 covering stations. But as the demand for horses faded, so too did their numbers: in 1930, only half that number remained. The stock of Redefin were influenced by a merger with Neustrelitz State Stud, reflecting the unification of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
World War II produced a second upsurge in breeding of heavy horses suitable for pulling artillery wagons, so that in 1945, there were 151 Mecklenburg stallions at 44 covering stations. After the end of the war, during Russian occupation of the region, most of the Mecklenburger stallions were sent east.
Redefin continued to function as the region's state stud farm, with a herd of mares and over 100 warmblood stallions. The market began to turn towards the production of riding horses in the 1960s. This target was standardized in 1971 and by 1987, 100 state-owned stallions served the region. The mare herd was sold, and Redefin lost the title of "Principal" state stud in 1993, following German reunification. Today Redefin is composed of 8 covering stations and stands 64 stallions, not all of which are warmbloods. Behind the grand entryway of Redefin now stands an international-caliber riding facility.
Modern Mecklenburger.
The Mecklenburger has been bred as a riding and sport horse since 1970.
The modern Mecklenburg warmblood is best identified by the presence of the region's brand on the left hip, which is in the form of the letter "M" topped with a stylized crown. Coat color and pattern are not part of the standard, but most Mecklenburgers are modestly marked bays, chestnuts, blacks, or grays. Like other German Warmbloods, the ideal height for Mecklenburgers is between at the withers. Breeding stock that deviate to the extreme may be excluded from the stud book.
Mecklenburgers, as warmbloods, are middle-weight, athletic animals rather heavier than Thoroughbreds. Since German reunification in 1990, breeders have pursued standards similar to those of the Hanoverian breeders. The modern Mecklenburger can be called a "noble" warmblood ("edles warmblut"), distinguished from the older Heavy warmbloods by the influence of Thoroughbred and Arabian blood and specialization for riding.
The breeding goal is a hardy, fertile horse with mental and physical stamina, a good character and lively, balanced temperament. Horses may be suited to any type of riding or driving sport due to expansive, regular paces, a flat-footed walk and vibrant trot and canter. The best heads are fine, dry, and expressive, with a tapering neck and strong topline, withers pronounced and well-laid back, the back strong but flexible, and the croup long, sloping and muscular. The chest and shoulder should have depth and length, respectively. The foundation should be dry on prominent, correct joints and well-shaped hooves.
With international jumpers like Antik (Azarro), Chacco-Blue (Chambertin), Luisa and Lady Like (Lord Kemm), Royal Beach Farao and Galan (Golden Miller), this small studbook is producing international competitors as well as leisure riding horses and driving horses.


Flag Hill Winery

Flag Hill Distillery & Winery is located in Lee, New Hampshire, United States. It is the largest vineyard in the state. Flag Hill was the first legal distillery in New Hampshire after Prohibition.
History.
The land where Flag Hill is located has been farmed since the 18th century, and was formerly a dairy farm. Frank Reinhold Sr. bought in the area in 1950, and in 1985 his son Frank Reinhold Jr. took over the property with the hope of growing grapes, which he began planting in 1990. The first harvest took place in 1994 and was released in 1996.
Flag Hill winery was the second winery to open in New Hampshire, preceded only by Jewell Towne Vineyards.
A barn dating to the late 18th century hosts the winery and tasting room. There are of vineyards, and the winery produced about 4,000 cases of wine annually as of 2011, as well as 2,000 cases of liquor at its distillery.
The winery grows French-American hybrids such as DeChaunac, Marechal Foch and Vignoles, as well as American hybrids such as Cayuga White and La Crescent. These varietals are more resistant to cold winters.


Ernest W. Stairs

Ernest Whitfield Stairs (10 April 1873 - 31 October 1941) was a Canadian farmer and politician. He was born in Southampton, New Brunswick, a descendant of United Empire Loyalists who settled the area in 1784. A successful farmer, Stairs was involved in a variety of public and social activities. He was a director of the Farmers Co-Operative Association and served on the Municipal Council Board for York County from 1911–1921 and served as Warden in 1916.
Stairs was the unsuccessful Liberal Party of Canada candidate for the House of Commons of Canada in the 1921 York-Sunbury riding Federal by-election. Encouraged to run in the 1935 New Brunswick general election by Liberal Party leader Allison Dysart, Stairs was elected to the 38th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly as the York County representative. He served in the Legislative Assembly at Fredericton until 1939.
Stairs died at his home in 1941.
His daughter, Nelda (1905–1993), married Harry A. Corey who was elected the Liberal member of the Provincial Legislature for Stairs' York County riding in 1944. Corey served two terms through 1952 then was elected President of the New Brunswick Liberal Association, serving from 1952 to 1958.


Acqui Terme

Acqui Terme (; ) is a city and "comune" in the province of Alessandria, Piedmont, northern Italy. It is about south-southwest of Alessandria. It is one of the principal winemaking communes of the Italian DOCG wine Brachetto d'Acqui.
The hot sulphur springs have been famous since this was the Roman town of "Aquae Statiellae"; the ancient baths are referred to by Paulus Diaconus and the chronicler Liutprand of Cremona. In 1870 Giovanni Ceruti designed a little pavilion, known as "La Bollente", for the spot at the centre of the town where the waters bubble up at .
History.
In the Roman period the place was connected by road with Alba Pompeia and Augusta Taurinorum (Turin). The local Celto-Ligurian tribe of the Statielli never gave up to the romans, and their main center Carystum (Acqui Terme) were attacked in 173 BC by the legions led by the consul Marcus Popilius Laenas. The Statielli did not oppose the resistance, but in contravention of the Roman law of war, the console killed thousands of them and reduced the other gauls to slavery and began to organize the sale of slaves. Some of them were transferred to the north of the Po, but some of them survived free in small villages in the surrounding, still not romanized. In 2008 an important necropolis was find in Montabone. The remains show that the Statielli conserved their own customs and traditions for all the first century B.C. and probably after. Anyway, a very important roman town was built over Carystum, known for the naturan thermal waters and spa. Based In the neighbourhood of the town, near the river Bormida, are the remains of the aqueduct which supplied it.
In the 6th century it became part of the Lombard kingdom of northern Italy. Acqui was ruled by its bishop from 978, becoming an independent commune in 1135. In 1278 it was annexed to the Marquisate of Montferrat, to which it belonged until the acquisition by the Duchy of Savoy.
It was connected by a railway line to Genoa in 1892.
Twin towns — sister cities.
Acqui Terme is twinned with:


Kerri-Jo Te Huia

Kerri-Jo Te Huia is a champion sheep shearer from Te Kuiti, New Zealand.
Te Huia is the youngest of five children, several of whom work in shearing. Her parents were also shearing contractors and trainers.
In 2009, she competed in the New Zealand Shearing Championships in wool handling and intermediate-grade shearing.
In 2012, in her fifth season of shearing, Te Huia broke the women's eight-hour solo lamb shearing world record by shearing 507 lambs; the previous record was 470. She subsequently moved to South Australia, and has worked as a trainer at Women in Shearing workshops at the TAFE institute in Naracoorte.
In 2018, Te Huia broke the women's world record for shearing the most strong-wool ewes in nine hours: 452 ewes. The shearing took place at Otapawa Station in Tiraumea.
References.


Classified pricing

Classified pricing is the pricing system of federal milk marketing orders, under which
milk processors pay into a pool for fluid grade (Grade A) milk. The price that processors
have to pay into the pool is based on how the milk ultimately is used. Milk used for fluid
(Class I) consumption generally receives the highest price and lower minimum prices are
paid for the three classes of milk used for manufactured dairy products: Class II (yogurt,
cottage cheese, ice cream, and other soft manufactured products), Class III (cheese), and
Class IV (butter and nonfat dry milk).


Ancellotta

Ancellotta is a wine grape variety mainly grown in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy, but also in some other parts of north Italy, and in south Switzerland.
Wine regions.
In Emilia Romagna it is used mainly as a secondary grape to make Lambrusco wines more amabile (slightly sweet)—specifically the "Lambrusco Salamino di Santa Croce DOC" (province of Modena), where it may provide up to 10% of the blend, and the Lambrusco versions of the "Reggiano DOC" (province of Reggio Emilia), where it may account for up to 15%. One of its main applications is as a colorant for lightly colored red wines throughout Italy, and in particular is allowed in some 42 IGT wines.
In the south-west of the region, in the provinces of Forlì-Cesena and Ravenna, it is one of the varieties that may be blended with Sangiovese to produce the red "Colli di Faenza DOC". In the Province of Rimini it is employed in the "Colli di Rimini DOC" wine. To a lesser degree Ancellotta is cultivated in Piedmont (around Vercelli), the Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Tuscany.
Outside Italy.
Outside of Italy, the grape is grown in southern Switzerland, in the canton Ticino and district of Moesa of the canton of the Grisons, where the grape is included in the list of recommended varieties for the red "Ticino DOC". Total Swiss plantations of the variety in 2009 stood at .
There are small plantings of the varietal in the south of Moldova in the Cahul region. It was brought over by an Italian winemaker who saw the climate and soil fit the profile of the grape.
It is also grown to a minor extent in the Brazilian wine region of Campos de Cima da Serra in the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul.
Synonyms.
Synonyms include Ancelotta di Massenzatico, Ancelotti, Balsamina Nera, Lancelotta, Rossissimo, Uino and Uvino.
References.


Nine Dragons Paper Holdings Limited

Nine Dragons Paper (Holdings) Limited () is a publicly listed paper manufacturing company in Mainland China, engaging in the manufacturing of containerboard products which include linerboard, duplex board as well as pulp. Its CEO and largest shareholder is Mrs. Zhang Yin.
The company was established in 1995 and is the largest paperboard producer in Asia and one of the largest in the world in terms of production capacity. It has 9 factories in China and Vietnam. It also owns paper mills in the United States, such as in Maine.
Nine Dragons Paper was listed on the Main Board of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange on 3 March 2006.
History.
Since commencing production in 1998 with a 200,000 tonnes kraftliner machine, Nine Dragons has expanded to producing over 13 million tonnes of paper products globally.
While many mills globally use forest products for paper production, Nine Dragons primarily uses recycled paper as the raw material source. The company recycles over 10 million tonnes of fiber annually.
Today, the company employs over 15,000 employees globally with 9 manufacturing hubs. Notably, the company's Dongguan facility is the world's largest concentrated paper mill with 15 paper machines producing 5.25 million tonnes of products. Many of Nine Dragons' facilities are also supported with in-house power plants, ports, and trucking. The company has power capacity of over 1,400 MW at various production facilities combined.
Investigations.
Nine Dragons has been investigated by the media in Toronto over poor working conditions in the mills handling paper collected in the recycling program in Toronto. Brokers working for the City of Toronto government's Toronto Solid Waste Management have been sending paper collected to Nine Dragon mills in Dongguan.


Brian Connaughton (Scott Medal recipient)

Brian Connaughton, Garda Síochána and recipient of the Scott Medal, 8 October 1899 – 26 March 1983.
Background.
Connaughton was a native of Ballinglas, Mountbellew, County Galway. Prior to joining the Gardaí he had been a farmer, enlisting as Gard 4447.
Incident at Drumshambo.
He and Sergeant Michael Mullane were serving at Drumshambo, County Leitrim in 1930 when "with great perseverance, they tracked down two armed men, members of an illegal organization", arresting the men and seizing three rifles.
Mullane and Connaughton were respectively awarded the gold and silver Scott Medal from James Fitzgerald-Kenney, Minister of Justice, on 28 July 1931. They were the 18th and 19th members of the force to receive the award since its inception in 1923.
Later life.
Connaughton retired with the rank of Sergeant, retiring on 14 March 1965. He died in 1983.


Polish chicken

The Polish or Poland is a European breed of crested chickens known for its remarkable crest of feathers. The oldest accounts of these birds come from The Netherlands; their exact origins are unknown, however. In addition to combs, they are adorned with large crests that nearly cover the entirety of the head. This crest limits their vision, and as a result can affect their temperament. Thus, though normally tame, they may be timid and easily frightened.
Polish chickens are bred primarily as a show bird, but were originally productive egg layers. Accordingly, Polish rarely go broody and are noted for their white eggs. There are bearded, non-bearded and frizzle varieties.
Etymology.
The origins of the breed's name are uncertain. The breed could have been named after the country of Poland. Its name also could have come from the Middle Dutch word "pol", meaning "head" (compare origin of poll tax), in reference to the Polish's dome-shaped skull.
History.
Though the derivation of the Polish breed is unclear, one theory suggests that their ancestors were brought by Asian Mongols to Central and Eastern Europe during medieval times, and thus, could have originated in Poland. It is also believed that immigrants could have brought the breed's predecessors from Spain or Italy in the late 16th century. The Polish was standardized in the Netherlands and declared a thoroughbred in the 16th century. Chickens bearing a strong resemblance to the Polish can be seen in paintings from the 15th century, and the breed was extensively portrayed in Dutch and Italian paintings from the 16th through the 18th centuries. Though usually only a fair layer at best today, In France they were once known as an excellent producer of eggs. The American Poultry Association states that the breed was introduced to America between 1830 and 1840. The breed was, during a certain period of time, favored by American farmers and chicken fanciers. The American Poultry Association accepted three Polish varieties into the American Poultry Association's Standard of Perfection in 1874; additional varieties were accepted in 1883, 1938 and 1963.
Controversy.
There are some controversies around origin of the Polish chicken's breed. Some state that the breed has Polish origin. These doubts might have arisen due to generally limited access to original sources documenting the Czubatka's (Polish chickens') presence in the history of Poland, caused by the fact that these testimonies are available in Polish language only. The Polish chicken breed's original, i.e., Polish, name is: Czubatka (ˈtʃubætkə). For centuries Poles kept their Czubatka domestic fowls in small farms scattered all over Polish territories. The full name of Polish chicken is 'Czubatka Staropolska' or 'Czubatka Dworska', where in Polish language 'Czubatka' simply indicates a hen or rooster with 'czub' (a tuft of feathers growing on top of the head), the word 'Staropolska' is an adjective meaning 'old-Polish' and the alternative nickname 'Dworska' is an adjective meaning 'court'. The Czubatka has multiple representations in Polish literature and art, and the Czubatka rooster is an iconic image symbolizing a country gentleman - character. To wind down, it is worth to mention, that the Czubatka poultry had been looking and behaving exactly like the contemporary Polish chickens do today for long (first accounts come from Middle Ages) before it was firstly introduced to Dutch breeders as the Polish chicken.
The English poultry literature states, however, that the breed is "undoubtedly" of Dutch origin.
Characteristics.
The Polish has a small V-shaped comb, though it is often hidden by the large crest of feathers. The earlobes and wattles are small and may also be completely hidden by the crest and beard. The earlobes are white, the comb and wattles bright red.
References.
[[Category:Chicken breeds originating in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Chicken breeds]]


Beiras VR

Beiras is a Portuguese wine region covering the same areas as its namesake region. The region is classified as a "Vinho Regional" (VR), a designation similar to a French "vin de pays" region. Located in the northern regions of Portugal, Beiras produces wines of every imaginable style including sparkling and fortified wines but quality varies dramatically depending on producer and region.
Wine regions.
Within the Beiras region there exists the following wine regions at IPR or DOC level:
Grapes.
The principle grapes of the Beiras region includes Arinto, Baga, Bastardo, Borrado das Moscas, Camarate, Sercial, Fernão Pires, Jaen, Malvasia, Marufo, Monvedro, Periquita, Rabo de Ovelha, Rufete, Tinta Amarela, Touriga Nacional and Vital.


GLOBALG.A.P

GLOBALG.A.P. is a farm assurance program, translating consumer requirements into Good Agricultural Practice. EurepGAP is a common standard for farm management practice created in the late 1990s by several European supermarket chains and their major suppliers. GAP is an acronym for Good Agricultural Practices. It is now the world's most widely implemented farm certification scheme. Most European customers for agricultural products now demand evidence of EurepGAP certification as a prerequisite for doing business.
The standard was developed using the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) guidelines published by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, and is governed according to the ISO/IEC 17065 for product certification schemes. Unlike other farm certification schemes, it has definitive rules for growers to follow, and each production unit is assessed by independent third party auditors. These auditors work for commercial certification companies who are licensed by the EurepGAP secretariat to conduct audits and award certificates where merited.
In September 2007, EurepGAP changed its name to GLOBALG.A.P.. The decision was taken to reflect its expanding international role in establishing Good Agricultural Practices between multiple retailers and their suppliers. A series of the standards can be accessed online.
In February 2009 GLOBALG.A.P. launched 'ChinaGAP' following successful completion of the benchmarking of ChinaGAP against the GLOBALG.A.P. Good Agricultural Practice reference code.


Robert Hartig

Robert Hartig (born: Heinrich Julius Adolph Robert Hartig, 30 May 1839, in Braunschweig – died 9 October 1901, in Munich) was a German forestry scientist and mycologist.
Biography.
He was educated at the Collegium Carolinum of Braunschweig, and at Berlin. In 1878 he was appointed professor of botany at Munich. Hartig made significant contributions to knowledge of vegetable pathology. Prior to his investigations on the progressive stages of disease in trees, little or nothing had been done in this area, so that Hartig may be considered the founder of arboreal pathology.
Hartig worked in Eberswalde (1867–1878) and Munich (1878–1901), mainly in forest pathology.
Family.
He was the son of Theodor Hartig (1805–1880) and grandson of Georg Ludwig Hartig (1764–1837).


Domaine Leflaive

Domaine Leflaive is a winery in Puligny-Montrachet, Côte de Beaune, Burgundy. The domaine is very highly regarded for its white wines, and its vineyard holdings include of Grand Cru vineyards.
History.
The earliests roots of the domaine goes back to 1717 and a Claude Leflaive in Puligny-Montrachet. The domaine of today more directly goes back to Joseph Leflaive (1870–1953), who was a native of Puligny-Montrachet, but who had initially pursued a career as a naval engineer, having managed a factory in St Etienne and been involved in the construction of the first French submarine. In 1905, when Burgundy had not yet recovered from the effect of the phylloxera epidemic, which meant that vineyards were for sale at a very low price, Leflaive was able to buy for his domaine.
In 1920, Leflaive started a programme of replantation with better adapted root stock, and progressively started to sell wine under his own label rather than to négociants. After the death of Joseph Leflaive in 1953, the domaine was managed by Joseph's sons Vincent Leflaive and Jo Leflaive, and it was during this time that its reputation as a top Burgundy producer was built up. In 1973, the domaine was given a company structure to avoid splitting it up with subsequent inheritance. In 1990, Vincent's daughter Anne-Claude Leflaive and her cousin Olivier Leflaive took over the running of the domain. Because Olivier Leflaive was also running a négociant business, in 1994, Anne-Claude Leflaive took over the running of the domain on her own, following a decision of the various family members who collectively own the domaine. In 1997, Anne-Claude took the decision to convert the domain to biodynamic winemaking.
Domaine Leflaive and Olivier Leflaive's négociant business are completely separate entities.
Wines.
Domaine Leflaive produces wines from the following vineyard holdings:
Judgment of Paris and other wine competitions.
Domaine Leflaive's Puligny-Montrachet Premier Cru wine "Les Pucelles" competed in the historic Judgment of Paris, ranking number eight among the ten French and California wines evaluated. It also competed in the Great Chardonnay Showdown and the Grand European Jury Wine Tasting of 1997. The small vineyard "Les Pucelles" is planted on well drained limestone and chalky soil. Like most white Burgundy wine it is made entirely from the Chardonnay grape.


2 Sisters Food Group

2 Sisters Food Group (legally incorporated as Boparan Holdings Ltd) is a privately owned food manufacturing company based in Wakefield, England.
Established in 1993 by entrepreneur Ranjit Singh Boparan, as a frozen retail poultry cutting operation, it covers 36 manufacturing sites in the UK, six in the Netherlands, one in Ireland and one in Poland.
Primarily a private label manufacturer for retailer and food service markets, the acquisition of Northern Foods in 2011 gave the Group ownership of brands including Fox's Biscuits, Goodfella's Pizza, Holland's Pies, and Matthew Walker Christmas Puddings.
It is the largest food company in the UK by turnover.
The group employs 18,000 people, with annual sales of £3billion. It is listed 9th on the 2017 "Sunday Times" Top Track 100.
On 6 December 2017, the Group announced its full year results (52 weeks ending 27 July 2017). Sales were £3.28bn, with like-for-like operating profit of £64.5m. The Group reported profit after exceptional items, before interest and tax of £22.8m, against £63.4m profit the previous year. However, after exceptional items, interest and tax, losses for the year stood at £37.7m, against a loss of £1.4m the previous year. LTM EBITDA for the year was £161.2m
In December 2013, the company was ranked as Britain's 4th Most Admired Company (food producers sector) in the "Management Today" Most Admired Company list, voted for by its industry peers.
In January 2018, 2 Sisters reached agreement with Nomad Foods on the sale of its Goodfellas Pizza brand for £200m.
History.
In November 2000 the sites at Scunthorpe and Flixton were acquired. These were significant acquisitions as it meant the group would move from a poultry meat cutting operation to a primary producer. In September 2005 the group purchased Haughley Park near Stowmarket, allowing the business to manufacture cooked and breaded poultry. In June 2007 the group made four acquisitions – including Joseph Mitchell (Letham) of Forfar; Challenger Foods of Sunderland, where 400,000 chicken fillets per week are prepared for sandwich and pizza market; and the Tulip facility in Morecambe.
In January 2008 the group bought Devon poultry firm Lloyd Maunder. In April 2010 the group announced the agreed acquisition of Dutch-based chicken processor Storteboom Group, with facilities in the Netherlands and Poland. In January 2011 the group announced it was to buy Northern Foods PLC in a deal worth £342m. Then, in December 2011 Premier Foods sold its Brookes Avana business, combining RF Brookes chilled foods and Avana Bakeries, to 2 Sisters for £30m.
In March 2013 the group announced the acquisition of the UK arm of Dutch poultry and red meat company VION. By August 2014 the business announced it was selling its Avana Bakeries cake business in Newport and its salads business Solway Foods in Corby, Northamptonshire and then in January 2018 the business announced it was selling its Goodfellas pizza business to Nomad Foods.
In February 2018 Ranjit Singh Boparan announced he was stepping up into the role of President of parent company Boparan Holdings Limited and in May 2018, Ronald Kers was appointed CEO of 2 Sisters Food Group.
Sustainability.
In December 2014, the business signed a major contract with Liverpool-based H2 Energy for the installation of bio-refineries at ten 2 Sisters factories to convert product waste into energy.
The company claims the deal – which will eventually encompass all its manufacturing sites in the UK – will deliver 35,000 tonnes of carbon savings, 20,000 fewer lorry journeys a year and a significant electric and thermal energy boost, reducing its non-transport carbon footprint by 10%.
Food hygiene.
2014.
In August 2014, an undercover investigation into high levels of the food poisoning bacteria campylobacter in food in the UK allegedly showed raw chicken, contaminated by being dropped on the factory floor, being returned to the production line at one factory. The company strongly disputed this claim, pointing out the footage did not prove the chicken entered the human food chain. The Food Standards Agency initially cleared the factory of any wrongdoing but then admitted a breach of regulations had occurred though the company was not fined.
In November 2014, 2 Sisters claimed to have launched the most comprehensive programme in the poultry industry to reduce campylobacter levels. The initiative, claimed to be costing £10m, would encompass the entire supply chain from farm through to consumer, using a variety of interventions including blast surface chilling and 'no touch' packaging.
2017.
In September 2017, an undercover investigation filmed workers allegedly changing the slaughter dates – and hence the sell-by dates – at a 2 Sisters plant in West Bromwich. The company strenuously denied the allegations.
Within days, management at the plant decided to suspend production.
The subsequent Food Standards Agency investigation report, published 2 March 2018, cleared the business of any serious non-compliances.
The CEO of the FSA, Jason Feeney, said: "Our investigation found some areas for improvement but the issues were resolved promptly by the company, who co-operated fully, and at no point did we find it necessary to take formal enforcement action"
2020.
In June 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Public Health Wales confirmed 75 cases at the 2 Sisters chicken factory in Llangefni on Anglesey. All staff had to self-isolate.


John Evans Brown

John Evans Brown (16 February 1827 – 9 July 1895) was a 19th-century Member of Parliament in New Zealand. Born in Pennsylvania, he came to New Zealand after spending time in Australia, where he was a farmer and US Consul. He farmed in Canterbury, where he was known as "Yankee" Brown. Three of his brothers in law, through his first wife, served as his fellow Members of Parliament. He married a second time, as his first wife died young, and moved back to the United States. On his father's land in Asheville, he came to considerable wealth due to the mining of mica.
Early life.
Brown was born in Lewistown, Pennsylvania, the son of Major William J. Brown (1803–84) and Ann Marshall Evans. His siblings were William Caleb Brown and Samuel S. Brown. He went to California in 1849 where he worked as a surveyor for a few years, before moving to New South Wales in Australia. There he ran a sheep and cattle farm and served as US Consul. On 11 October 1859 in Sydney, he married Theresa Australia Brown (née Peacock), the daughter of John Jenkins Peacock (d. 1866) and Maria Peacock (1804–1884).
Life in New Zealand.
The Browns moved to New Zealand and settled in a farming community on the Eyre River near Christchurch. Brown gave the area a Cherokee name, Swannanoa, and was known in the district as "Yankee Brown". He was a main benefactor of the Swannanoa Methodist Church, which opened in 1874. He moved to Papanui in 1877, having bought property in what became Brown's Road but is now spelt Browns Road. He was the first general manager of the Christchurch Tramway Board. The residence was called Chippenham Lodge and still stands today.
Political career.
Brown contested the Ashley electorate in the 1871 general election against Gray and William Miles Maskell. On election day on 18 February, Brown achieved an absolute majority, with 171 votes, and 82 and 67 votes for Gray and Maskell, respectively.
The nominations for the 1876 general election took place in Leithfield on 30 December 1875. Brown and Maskell were put forward. Both reflected on their experience; Brown had by now been in parliament for five years, and Maskell had held the Sefton seat on the Canterbury Provincial Council for ten years (since 1866). The election was held on 11 January 1876, and Brown and Maskell received 266 and 197 votes respectively.
Brown announced several months before the 1879 general election that he would not stand again for Ashley, but that he may consider contesting another electorate. In response to several deputations urging him to stand again, Brown announced in mid August that his situation had now changed, and he would not stand at all. His friends would have to "release him from his promise not to stand", but he would consider putting his name forward if they did release him. Brown did not contest any electorate in 1879, but William Sefton Moorhouse, Walpole Cheshire Fendall and Cunningham contested the Ashley seat, with Moorhouse winning with a majority of 65 votes.
Brown contested the St Albans electorate in the 9 December 1881 general election with J. L. Wilson and A. W. O'Neill. They received 218, 168 and 85 votes, respectively. Brown was declared elected. He did not stand for re-election in the 22 July 1884 general election.
Family.
His son William Vance Brown (b. 1864) was one of the first Lincoln College students. He managed the Wai-iti run for his uncle John Thomas Peacock. His second daughter Kate (Katy) Elizabeth Brown was born on 4 September 1867. His daughter Maria Theresa later married Reverend H. Fields. Hubert Evans was another son. The eldest son was John Peacock Brown. He was educated at Christ's College during 1873–74 and died on 5 February 1877. John Evans Brown, the youngest son, died only five days later on 10 February 1877, aged 11 months. At least three of Brown's children were buried in Christchurch's Barbadoes Street Cemetery. His wife Theresa never recovered from this loss and died on 11 February 1880, aged 42.
Through his wife Theresa, Brown had three brothers in law as fellow Members of Parliament.
John Thomas Peacock, Theresa's brother, was elected unopposed to Parliament at the 1868 by-election in the Lyttelton electorate He was confirmed in the 1871 election for Lyttelton, again elected unopposed. In early April 1873, Peacock was promoted to the Legislative Council (the upper house) and resigned from Parliament on 5 April 1873.
Henry Richard Webb married one of the Peacock sisters in 1857 in Sydney and emigrated to New Zealand in 1868. He succeeded John Thomas Peacock in the Lyttelton electorate in 1873, and held the seat until the end of 1875.
Francis James Garrick (1833–1890), from Sydney, married Theresa's oldest sister, Elizabeth. He came to New Zealand in 1864, and succeeded Brown in the St Albans electorate from 1884-87.
Return to America.
Brown remarried on 20 December 1883, to Jane (Emily) Martin, at St Peter's Church in Wellington. Brown left Parliament and the parents emigrated to America with four of their children (Maria Theresa, Kate Elizabeth, Potter Maclay, and Sydney Hubert; William Vance Brown followed the next year). They left Lyttelton on 30 August 1884 (the same year as his father died) on board the "Tongariro", sailing for Rio de Janeiro. They went to Asheville in North Carolina, as his father (1803–84) owned large areas of land there. The land was considered to be worthless, but the Browns found mica deposits. They built a factory and gained considerable wealth. Brown built a homestead that he called "Zealandia Castle". His daughter Kate Elizabeth married at Asheville on 18 November 1892, had three children and died in New York.
Brown died on 9 July 1895 in Asheville.


Henry J. Wilson (farmer)

Colonel Henry James Wilson CBE TD (10 June 1904 – 26 March 1985), known as both Harry and Jock, worked in the London County and Westminster Bank prior to his military career. After the war was over he worked in the War Office Commission reviewing sentences on war criminals. At this time he was awarded an OBE. He retired in 1949 and made a new career as a farmer in Battle in Sussex and was then awarded a CBE for his services to agriculture. His successful career and promotion through the ranks are noteworthy.
1920s.
Henry (Harry) Wilson enlisted into the London Scottish in 1923 and served throughout the inter-war years in the unit which was part of the Territorial Army. It was allied to the Gordon Highlanders who historically provided some of its Permanent Staff. As a consequence there was a considerable interchange of personnel during the Second World War.
1930s.
He was promoted to Lieutenant on 18 April 1934 and then to Captain on 7 March 1936. He spent some years in the ranks before being commissioned as a Second Lieutenant, although that date is unknown. In April 1939 the Territorial Army was authorised to double in size and consequently the original unit became 1st Battalion, London Scottish.
1940s.
By March 1940 Henry had been put in charge of the regiment's Recruit Training Company at Folkestone with the rank of Major and in April 1941 had been posted to 1st Battalion as second-in-command. This was followed in August 1941 by being given command of the battalion with the rank of Lt Colonel.
At the beginning of March 1943 Harry attended a Senior Officers Course at the Middle East Training Centre and did not rejoin his unit until the beginning of May. Harry, in the meantime, had been awarded the OBE for his services which was announced in "The London Gazette" of 5 August 1943. He also had a short spell of leave in Egypt at this time. However once back in Italy with his battalion, he contracted malaria and had to be evacuated on 26 October and did not return until 13 November and resumed command.
During this time the 1st Battalion had been in constant action and in fact saw the only Victoria Cross won by the Gordon Highlanders and the London Scottish during the entire war, whilst under Harry's command. It was awarded to Pte George Allan Mitchell for his bravery during the night of 23/24 January 1944.
Shortly afterwards Harry left the 1st Battalion to take up a series of appointments with the Army Welfare Service which was to last between 9 February 1944 until 30 September 1949 firstly in Italy, then the Middle East, and finally the War Office in London. During this time he was promoted to the rank of Colonel.
Appointments Achieved.
He subsequently achieved the ranks of:
Farming career.
Wilson was a prominent members of the National Farmers' Union of England and Wales, serving on the council from 1954, and as deputy president from 1959 to 1962 and treasurer from 1971 to 1981. He was also chairman of the Bacon Consultative Council from 1957 to 1964.


John Lawrence Stansell

John Lawrence Stansell (17 June 1875 – 21 October 1956) was a Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Haughton, Ontario and became a pure bred livestock breeder and farmer.
He attended schools at Tuscarora and Aylmer. He became president of the Houghton, Bayham and Tillsonburg Telephone Company and in 1923 was president of the Canadian Ayrshire Breeders Association.
Stansell campaigned under the National Liberal and Conservative Party in a 22 November 1920 by-election at Elgin East but was unsuccessful. He won the riding in the 1921 federal election, then after riding boundary changes, Stansell won re-election at Norfolk—Elgin in 1925. He was defeated in the 1926 federal election by William Horace Taylor. He made another unsuccessful campaign at Norfolk—Elgin in 1930. After more riding changes in the 1930s, Stansell ran in the Elgin riding in the 1935 election as a Reconstruction Party candidate but was again unsuccessful in winning a Parliamentary seat.


Tom Gildea

Thomas Gildea (born September 1939) is a former Irish politician who was elected as an independent Teachta Dála (TD) at the 1997 general election.
A farmer representing Donegal South-West, he won popular local support for his campaign to legalise 'deflectors' which re-transmitted British television channels in rural areas, but which had been shut down in the wake of legal action by cable and MMDS operators.
In the 1999 local elections, he was elected as a member of Donegal County Council for Glenties. He did not contest the 2002 general election and retired from politics at the 2004 local elections.
He was later Chairman of the National Community Television Association.


South Australian wine

The South Australian wine industry is responsible for more than half the production of all Australian wine. South Australia has a vast diversity in geography and climate which allows the state to be able to produce a range of grape varieties–from the cool climate Riesling variety in the Clare Valley wine region to the big, full bodied Shiraz wines of the Barossa Valley.
Some of Australia's best-known wines like Penfolds Grange, Jacob's Creek, Yalumba and Henschke Hill of Grace are produced there, as well as many of Australia's mass-produced box wines.
As with most agriculture in Australia, irrigation is vital to the success of the South Australian wine industry.
History.
The earliest recorded evidence of vine planting was in 1836 by a settler named John Barton Hack in Chichester Gardens, North Adelaide.
In 1838 George Stevenson planted a vineyard in Adelaide and may have been producing wine as early as 1841, while John Reynell planted a vineyard with 500 cuttings from Tasmania in 1841, and made wine in 1843. Following the spread of urban development, Hack's vines were pulled up and replanted in a new vineyard at Echunga Springs near Mount Barker. In 1843, he sent a case of wine made from the vineyard to Queen Victoria, being the first Australian wine to reach the Queen.
Dr Christopher Rawson Penfold established his medical practice at "The Grange" in Magill in 1844, planting the vine cuttings from southern France that he had brought with him when emigrating to Australia.
Climate and geography.
Located in south central Australia, South Australia is bordered by the four other mainland states, (Western Australia to the west, Queensland to the north east, New South Wales to the east, Victoria to the south east), the Northern Territory to the north, and the Great Australian Bight forms the state's southern coastline.
The climate of the state varies greatly, with the more interior regions like the Riverland being intensely hot, and growing cooler closer to the coastal regions like Adelaide Hills. Across the region there is low annual rainfall which necessitates irrigation to counter droughts.
Vines are grown at altitudes from the low valley regions of the Barossa and the Riverland up to high in the vineyards at Pewsey Vale in the Eden Valley. The soil types are also varied, and include the terra rosa of the Coonawarra region, the limestone-marl based soils of the Adelaide and Riverland areas, and the sandy, clay loam based soils of the Barossa.
Wine zones and regions.
Since the 1960s, Australia's labeling laws have used an appellation system known as the Australian Geographical Indication (AGI or geographical indication) which distinguishes the geographic origins of the grape. Under these laws, at least 85% of the grapes must be from the region that is designated on the label. In the late 1990s more definitive boundaries were established that divided Australia up into "Geographic Indications" known as "zones", "regions" and "subregions".
Adelaide super zone.
In South Australia, a fourth geographical indication known as a "super zone" is used which consists of a group of adjoining zones. As of 2014, only one 'super zone' exists: this is the Adelaide region which consists of the Barossa, Fleurieu and Mount Lofty Ranges zones. The Adelaide super zone was registered as an AGI on 27 December 1996.
Barossa zone.
The Barossa zone is located just outside the north-east of the Adelaide metropolitan area.
Fleurieu zone.
The Fleurieu zone is located south of the Adelaide metropolitan area, between the mouth of the River Murray and the Gulf St Vincent and includes Kangaroo Island.
Mount Lofty Ranges zone.
The Mount Lofty Ranges zone is located immediately to the east of Adelaide, north of the Fleurieu zone and south and north of the Barossa zone.
Far North zone.
The Far North zone is located north of the Clare Valley wine region.
Limestone Coast zone.
The Limestone Coast zone is located in the south-east of the state, bounded by the continental coastline to the south, the border with the neighbouring state of Victoria to the east and the Lower Murray wine zone to the north.
Lower Murray zone.
The Lower Murray zone which is located to the east of the Adelaide superzone, is bounded by the Limestone Coast zone to the south, the Far North zone to the north and by the border with Victoria to the east.
The Peninsulas zone.
The Peninsulas zone covers the entire Yorke Peninsula, an adjoining portion of the Mid North of South Australia, the portion of Eyre Peninsula south of a line of latitude approximately in line with Crystal Brook and the islands located off the adjoining coastline. It is bounded by the Far North zone to its north by the Mount Lofty Ranges zone to its east.
South Eastern Australia wine region.
The South Eastern Australia wine region covers the area south of a line running from Ceduna in western South Australia to the junction of the borders of New South Wales, Queensland and South Australia (known as Cameron Corner) and then to the intersection of the Tropic of Capricorn with the eastern continental coastline. This region was registered as an AGI on 1 May 1996.


McKinney Stables of Empire City Farms

McKinney Stables of Empire City Farms is a historic stable building located at Cuba in Allegany County, New York. It is a massive concrete block and terra cotta horse barn built in 1907–1909, and located on a property in a semi-rural section of the town of Cuba. It was built by William Simpson to house his prize trotter McKinney and McKinney's offspring. The stable is long and wide. Linear in plan, the 3-story center section is flanked by two, 2-story wings, that end in -story cross-gable story pavilions. The stable property lies adjacent to the South Street Historic District.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.


Angus McLachlan

Angus Alexander McLachlan (born 11 November 1944) is an Australian pastoralist and former first-class cricketer.
Cricket career.
Like his elder brother Ian before him, McLachlan was educated at St. Peter's College, Adelaide, and Jesus College at the University of Cambridge.
He made his first-class cricket debut for Cambridge University in his freshman year, 1964, taking 4 for 41 with "excellent leg-spin bowling" against Northamptonshire. Two games later he took 4 for 36 and 1 for 36 in an innings victory over Combined Services. He kept his place in the team for the rest of the season, playing in the annual match against Oxford University at Lord's. He finished the season with 18 wickets at 33.55.
Although his bowling "did not come up to expectations" and was "often expensive" in 1965, he played most of Cambridge's matches and once again appeared against Oxford at Lord's. His best figures were 4 for 101 against Yorkshire. He finished 1965 with 14 wickets at 42.42. In 1966 the captain, Deryck Murray, refused to allow players to play at all if they did not make themselves available for the whole season, and having devoted himself to his studies during the early weeks of the season, McLachlan was not selected for any matches.
Pastoral career.
In 1971, at the age of 26, McLachlan took charge of the family sheep station, Rosebank, in the Mount Pleasant area of the Adelaide Hills in South Australia. He also owned the Victorian sheep station Liewah, near Swan Hill, until 2008.
Rosebank is a prominent Merino stud. It also produces cattle, and won the Meat Standards Australia award for South Australian producer of the year for 2014-15 for its grass-fed veal cattle.
Personal life.
McLachlan and his wife Sylvia have four sons. Gillon (born 1973) has been Chief Executive Officer of the Australian Football League since 2014; Hamish (born 1975) is a sports broadcaster and host with Seven Sport.


Douglas Maxwell Stone

Douglas Maxwell Stone also known as Doug Stone (born 26 June 1948) is an Australian geologist, author, publisher, farmer and businessman. He was born in Kew, Victoria, and is the son of Lawrie Phillip Stone and Josephine Alexander Proctor. He is Manager of Outdoor Press, and a farmer on the property known as Granite Springs, Kelvin View, Victoria. He is an author of numerous publications on geology, gold prospecting, and maps (in particular of Victoria).
Over a number of years Stone has written many books on Australian gold prospecting, gemstones, minerals and fossils. He spent 20 years with the Geological Survey of Victoria, initially as a Field Officer before becoming the Editor of the 'Mining and Geological Journal.' In 1976 he started his own publishing business - Outdoor Press. With the introduction of metal detectors onto the Australian Goldfields in 1977 a new 'gold boom' was sparked and he has been chasing gold ever since - as a prospector, tour operator, consultant, researcher and author.
Sources.
Avoca Advocate, March 1995.


Peter Bohlender

Peter Bohlender (born February 1, 1838) immigrated to Dayton, Ohio, from Bavaria, Germany, with his family, at the age of 6. Having no opportunity to attend school, he worked in a tobacco stripping house at a very young age. Before reaching his teens, he worked for a local nursery, where he received training in the gardening industry. In 1849, he started his own small nursery in North Dayton, Ohio, called Bohlender’s Nursery.
In 1889, Bohlender moved his nursery to [[Tipp City]], [[Ohio]]. Around the time of World War I, Bohlender renamed the nursery “[[Spring Hill Nurseries]].” He derived the name “Spring Hill” from a small hill located near the current location of the nursery’s primary growing area.
[[Spring Hill Nurseries]] was initially a wholesale garden store, providing plants and services to locals. The rise in popularity of catalog mail-order prompted Bohlender to begin moving Spring Hill out of the wholesale gardening business and into mail-order. In 1930, Spring Hill became primarily a mail-order gardening company. The garden center retained a smaller retail store, which is still functioning today.
External links.
[[Category:1838 births]]
[[Category:American horticulture businesspeople]]
[[Category:American gardeners]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]
[[Category:Bavarian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:People from Dayton, Ohio]]
[[Category:People from Tipp City, Ohio]]


Plantagenet Wines

Plantagenet Wines is an Australian winery based at Mount Barker, in the Great Southern wine region of Western Australia. It includes Bouverie Vineyard in Denbarker, the first commercial vineyard to be planted in the region.


Forests of KwaZulu-Natal

Areas of forest which grow in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa mostly on south facing slopes in higher rainfall areas, and along the humid coastal areas. Different types of forest can be identified by their species composition which depends mostly on the altitude, latitude and substrate (soil and rock types) in which they grow. South facing slopes are favourable for the development of forest as they are more shaded, and therefore cooler and retain more moisture than the northern slopes. The extra moisture on the south slopes is not only favoured by forest trees, but also helps to prevent or subdue wildfires. Fires can also be blocked by cliff faces and rocks or boulders on these slopes, and by streams or rivers at the base of the slopes. The coastal regions are conducive to forest formation, because of high rainfall and humidity which are favoured by forest trees and also help to prevent or subdue fires. The rivers of the coastal areas are also broader than further inland, which may often prevent fires from spreading long distances, and fires generally burn uphill and therefore more often away from areas at low altitude.
Forest types.
Various forest types can be distinguished, but many of these overlap or integrate with each other for example; coastal dune forest can fade into coastal lowland forest, which can in turn fade into riverine forest.
Montane forest.
Found in secluded valleys in the Drakensberg area. Characteristic tree species include yellowwoods ("Afrocarpus falcatus" and "Podocarpus latifolius"), mountain hard pear ("Olinia emarginata") and Cape beech ("Rapanea melanophloeos"). Mountain cypress ("Widdringtonia nodiflora") may occur on the forest margins.
Mistbelt forest.
Found in secluded valleys in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands. Characteristic trees are; yellowwoods (including "Afrocarpus falcatus", "Podocarpus latifolius" and "Podocarpus henkelii"), Natal krantz ash ("Atalaya natalensis"), red stinkwood ("Prunus Africana"), sneezwood ("Ptaeroxylon obliquum") and forest elder ("Nuxia floribunda"). The forest tree fern ("Cyathea capensis") is also found in these forests.
Coastal scarp forest.
This type is found on slopes and in secluded valleys between the coast and the Mistbelt. Trees include: white stinkwood ("Celtis africana"), forest bushwillow ("Combretum krausii") and umzimbeet ("Millettia grandis"). The Natal cycad ("Encephalartos natalensis") may occur on the forest edges, usually among rocks.
Coastal lowland forest.
Once found almost continuously along the KwaZulu-Natal coast. Trees found here include; flat-crown ("Albizia adianthifolia"), coastal goldenleaf ("Bridelia micrantha"), red beech ("Protorhus longifolia"), forest mahogany ("Trichilia dregeana"), forest fever-berry ("Croton sylvaticus") and wild date palm ("Phoenix reclinata").
Sand forest.
Found on ancient inland sand dunes in Maputaland in the north of KwaZulu-Natal. Unique trees include Lebombo wattle ("Newtonia hildebrandtii"), red-heart tree ("Hymenocardia ulmoides"), lavender-leaved croton ("Croton pseudopulchellus") and stink bushwillow ("Pteleopsis myrtifolia").
Dune forest.
Once found almost continuously along the coastal dunes of KwaZulu-Natal. Characteristic trees are: coastal red milkwood ("Mimusops caffra"), coast silver oak ("Brachylaena discolor"), dune soap-berry ("Deinbollia oblongifolia") and Natal wild banana ("Strelitzia nicolai"). The large-leaved dragon tree ("Dracaena aletriformis") is also found here.
Riverine forest.
This forest type occurs along natural waterways, even in dry areas that would not normally support forest. Trees found here include; "Ficus sycomorus", "Ficus polita", quinine tree ("Rauvolfia caffra") and fever tree ("Acacia xanthophloea"). These forests are vulnerable to flooding and many were destroyed by Cyclone Domoina.
Swamp forest.
Found around the edges of lowland lakes and streams. Various fig trees are found here including "Ficus sur" and "Ficus trichopoda", as well as the wild swamp poplar ("Macaranga capensis"). The water fig ("Ficus verruculosa") and Kosi palm ("Raphia australis") are characteristic species in Maputaland.
Mangrove forest.
Occurs in favourable tidal estuaries along the coast. Species include the black mangrove ("Bruguiera gymnorhiza"), red mangrove ("Rhizophora mucronata") and white mangrove ("Avicennia marina"). The powder-puff tree ("Barringtonia racemosa") and the wild cotton tree ("Hibiscus tiliaceus") are sometimes classed as mangrove trees, but grow mostly along estuaries that are less tidal. They may form a transition zone between mangrove forest and swamp forest.
Forest animals.
Several animals are adapted to living in these forests. Many are locally adapted subspecies of animals found further north in Tropical Africa, such as the blue duiker and Samango monkey, but some are local endemic species like the dwarf chameleons ("Bradypodion" spp.), Natal forest tree frog and bush squeaker frog.
Birds:
Narina trogon ("Apaloderma narina"), purple-crested turaco ("Tauraco porphyreolophus"), forest weaver ("Ploceus bicolor"), crowned eagle ("Stephanoaetus coronatus"), spotted ground-thrush ("Zoothera guttata"), orange thrush ("Zoothera gurneyi") and Delegorgue's pigeon ("Columba delegorguei").
Mammals:
Blue duiker, red duiker, bushbuck, nyala, bushpig, leopard and Samango monkey.
Reptiles:
Eastern green mamba, forest cobra and Gaboon adder.
Herbaceous plants.
A wide range of herbaceous plants are found in the forests, either as ground cover or in the trees as epiphytes. Various lianas and climbers are also common plants in these forests.
Herbaceous ground plants:
Bush lily ("Clivia miniata"), blood lily ("Scadoxus puniceus"), mother-in-law's-tongue ("Sanseveria hyacinthoides"), white paintbrush ("Haemanthus albiflos"), forest commelina ("Coleotrype natalensis"), small chlorophytum ("Chlorophytum modestum"), buckweed ("Isoglossa woodii"), many species of "Plectranthus" including "Plectranthus ambiguus", "Plectranthus ecklonii", and "Plectranthus fruticosus". Non-flowering plants include; the ground cycad ("Encephalartos villosus"), stangeria cycad ("Stangeria eriopus") and various mosses and ferns. Some grasses also grow in open forest and glades such as basket grass ("Oplismenus hirtellus"), broad-leaved panicum ("Panicum deustum") and broad-leaved bristle grass ("Setaria megaphylla").
Epiphytes:
Matches mistletoe ("Tapinanthus kraussianus"), hairy-lipped polystachya ("Polystachya pubescens"), leopard orchid ("Ansellia africana"), other orchids such as; "Mystacidium capense", "Mystacidium venosum", "Polystachya ottoniana", "Angraecum conchiferum", "Cyrtorchis arcuata" and "Diapananthe caffra". Mosses and ferns may also grow as epiphytes.
Climbers:
Black-eyed susan ("Thunbergia alata"), wild cucumber ("Coccinia palmata"), climbing bamboo ("Flagellaria guineensis") and flame lily ("Gloriosa superba").
Economic importance.
Coastal scarp and mistbelt forests were the main source of timber in South Africa before the advent of exotic timber plantations. Giant yellowwoods and stinkwoods were the most sought-after trees. Most of the larger forests are now protected, but some small scale timber extraction by local communities still takes place. Attempts to grow indigenous trees as timber plantations have so far proven economically unviable compared to exotics, but more research is needed. A promising species is the fast-growing "Trema orientalis" which is appropriate for paper and pulp production; producing paper with good tensile strength and folding endurance. Another species for closer study is "Celtis africana", which is fast-growing and can be used for furniture and panelling. Both of these species could be used as cover for slower-growing forest hardwoods which could be interplanted for more long-term production of more valuable timber.
Forests have been a source of medicinal plants for hundreds of years. It is estimated that more than 2100 tonnes of medicinal plants are extracted from forest areas in KwaZulu-Natal each year, which is projected to be unsustainable.
Eco-tourism is the most viable and sustainable option for the forests of Kwazulu-Natal, and several government, private and non-government projects to ensure this are underway or in the planning stages.


Angus Neil McCallum

Angus Neil McCallum (9 April 1892 – 7 December 1946) was a Canadian farmer and politician. McCallum was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Sudbury, Ontario and became a farmer.
McCallum attended high school at Sydenham then Queen's University where he earned a Bachelor of Science degree.
He was acclaimed to Parliament at the Frontenac—Addington riding in a by-election on 1 November 1937. After serving the remainder of the 18th Canadian Parliament, McCallum was defeated by Wilbert Ross Aylesworth of the National Government (Conservative) party.


Fresh Start Initiative

Launched at the Smithfield Show in December 2004 by Sir Don Curry, the Fresh Start initiative aims to secure sustainable future for farming in England by:
A further objective is to stimulate existing farmers to think about their businesses in a post CAP reform environment, whether this leads to a planned expansion/a diversification or a managed exit. The choices made could create new opportunities for new entrants.
The First Academy.
One year after the initiative was launched, representatives from a range of bodies including Fresh Start, Chichester College, Plumpton College, the Sussex Young Farmers and the Laurence Gould Partnership met to discuss Fresh Start and how it can be taken forward in the South East. From this meeting, and subsequent meetings, the concept of the Fresh Start Academy was created.
In February 2006 18 potential members met with stakeholders to discuss principle of the Academy. From this meeting the Sussex Academy was started with the Kent one, based at Hadlow College, following close behind.
The Role of the Academy.
Although each Academy can be tailored to individual requirements., they are all designed to help new entrants find openings in the farm industry. They typically involve training in business skills, mentoring and then identifying opportunities through a matchmaking network.
The programme consists of a twelve-month training course which covers various aspects of farm business management, with students attending one session every month. Likely topics include:
Throughout the programme land agents and consultants are involved to ensure that business opportunities for entrants can be established at the same time.
In 2008 the Kent Academy, hosted by Hadlow College was the first in the South-East to hold its Awards Ceremony. Several members of this Academy have already enjoyed success with some being awarded tenancies and others working with the Ring of Agricultural Machinery in Sussex and Kent (RAMSAK) on a grazing project.


Mas de Daumas Gassac

Mas de Daumas Gassac is a French wine producer from the wine region Languedoc, classified as Vin de Pays de l'Hérault due to its use of grape varieties outside specifications of its AOC. The winery, producing both white and red wine, is located in the south of France, in the commune of Aniane. Despite its modest designation and location, the vineyard has received widespread acknowledgement, described by "The Times" to taste like a "Latour" and by the French gastronomic guide "GaultMillau" as the "Lafite Rothschild of the Languedoc-Roussillon", it is frequently referred to as the "Grand cru of the Languedoc".
History.
On land sold by the Daumas family to a former glove manufacturer Aimé Guibert, wines were first planted at this vineyard in 1974. Following the recommendation of Henri Enjalbert, a professor of geography at the University of Bordeaux, whose assessment of the terroir determined the microclimate to be uncharacteristically favourable for cultivation of wine in such a warm region, the first vintage was produced in 1978 with the assistance of the oenologist Émile Peynaud.
Mas de Daumas Gassac came to be seen as the first to prove that a French non-appellation wine (as simply labelled "Vin de Pays de l'Hérault") may be an extremely serious, long-living red wine able to fetch prices similar to a Bordeaux classed growth.
Aimé Guibert has since featured in the documentary film "Mondovino", stating that "wine is dead".
Moulin de Gassac.
The estate also fronts a neighbouring cooperative label producing a wide range of products such as various blended and varietal wines, as well as spirits, balsamic vinegar, and an oil that is the blend of extra virgin olive oil and grape seed oil.
Production.
Over 50 hectares are cultivated in smaller plots dispersed throughout the estate, consisting predominantly of Cabernet Sauvignon, while other grape varieties include Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Pinot noir, Tannat, as well as Nebbiolo, Barbera and Dolcetto. The white varieties are mostly Chardonnay, Viognier and Petit Manseng, but also Marsanne, Roussane, Chenin blanc, Sercial, and Muscat.
The red "Grand vin" Mas de Daumas Gassac has an annual production of 120,000 to 150,000 bottles. In addition the estate produces a dry white Mas de Daumas Gassac Blanc, 45,000 to 60,000 bottles annually, a Mas de Daumas Gassac Rosé Frizant -a sparkling rosé, 8,000 to 12,000 bottles annually, and a "cuvée exception" named Émile Peynaud with a production of 2,000 bottles.


Animal Welfare Institute

The Animal Welfare Institute (AWI) is an American non-profit charitable organization founded by Christine Stevens in 1951 with the goal of reducing suffering inflicted on animals by humans. It is one of the oldest animal welfare organizations in the US. Its legislative division, the Society for Animal Protective Legislation (SAPL), pushes for the passage of laws that reflect this purpose.
Campaigns and goals.
In the organization's early years, its particular emphasis was on animals used for experimentation. Animal Welfare Institute (AWI) expanded the scope of its work in the following decades to address many other areas of animal-rights-related issues.
One major area of emphasis is factory farms. AWI speaks out against this and promotes small, independent family farms that follow the organization's animal welfare and husbandry standards. Other efforts include ending the use of steel-jaw leghold traps for catching fur-bearing animals, improving the lives of animals in laboratories, and promoting the development of non-animal testing methods.
AWI representatives regularly attend meetings of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) to fight for the protection of threatened and endangered species. They also attend meetings of the International Whaling Commission to fight to preserve the ban on commercial whaling and work to protect all marine life against the proliferation of anthropogenic ocean noise.
Marine biologist and nature writer Rachel Carson joined the Animal Welfare Institute Advisory Board in 1960, just prior to the release of her book "Silent Spring".
Government and legal affairs division.
In 1951, it was illegal for non-profit tax-exempt organizations to engage in lobbying activities. "We couldn't do any substantial amount of lobbying and keep our tax-exempt status," explained AWI founder Christine Stevens, who is referred to as the "Mother of the Animal Protection Movement." Her solution was to form an organization that did not require a tax-exempt status, one that would inform senators, representatives and the public about animal issues. The Society for Animal Protective Legislation (SAPL) became the first organization founded in the United States specifically to lobby on behalf of animals. If legislators wanted to know more about issues pertaining to humane slaughter, leghold traps or endangered species, they contacted SAPL. Because of changes in tax laws, in 2003, SAPL merged with the Animal Welfare Institute, bringing together two of the oldest and leading animal protection organizations in the United States.
AWI and SAPL have worked for the successful adoption of more than 15 federal laws, including the Animal Welfare Act, the Endangered Species Act, the Humane Slaughter Act and the Marine Mammal Protection Act. AWI continues to defend existing laws, oppose bills that they believe threaten animals, and work for new protective measures, following through after they are enacted to ensure sound regulation and sufficient funds for enforcement. Current efforts include pushing for the passage of bills to ban horse slaughter, end the sale of random source dogs and cats by dealers and prohibit the use of the steel-jaw leghold trap.
Additionally, to highlight Members of Congress' stances on animal welfare legislation, AWI created a website tracking and ranking system called the Compassion Index (CI). Available online at Compassion Index, the frequently updated electronic tally system rates legislators based on their support or lack thereof for certain animal welfare measures.
AWI also engages in litigation on behalf of animals in state and federal courts. The organization won a preliminary injunction to block the Bureau of Land Management from performing sterilization surgeries on wild horses. It also won a case against the US Fish and Wildlife Service, which the court found was violating the Endangered Species Act and the National Environmental Policy Act by failing to protect red wolves.
AWI opposed the Bipartisan Sportsmen's Act of 2014 (S. 2363; 113th Congress), calling it "an attack on our nation's wild animals and habitat." According to the organization, the bill would "eliminate the Environmental Protection Agency's authority under the Toxic Substances Control Act to regulate hazardous substances – including lead, a dangerous neurotoxin – released by ammunition and sport fishing waste."
Animal Welfare Approved.
In fall 2006, AWI launched the Animal Welfare Approved (AWA) standards program to evaluate treatment of animals on farms. The program is now administered by A Greener World, which split from the Animal Welfare Institute in 2016.
Awards.
In 1951, Albert Schweitzer gave AWI permission to strike a medal in his honor, to be presented for outstanding achievement in the advancement of animal welfare. In granting his permission, Schweitzer wrote, "I would never have believed that my philosophy, which incorporates in our ethics a compassionate attitude toward all creatures, would be noticed and recognized in my lifetime."
In 1954, a gold replica of the medal was presented to Schweitzer by Charles Joy in Oslo, Norway, where he had gone to accept the Nobel Peace Prize. Since first being awarded in 1954, AWI's Albert Schweitzer Medal has become the highest form of recognition in the animal protection movement. International figures, such as Dr. Jane Goodall, Rachel Carson, Astrid Lindgren and Senator Robert Dole, have received this honor for their work on behalf of animals.
AWI’s Christine Stevens Wildlife Award, established in 2006, provides grants to help develop humane methods of resolving conflicts between wild animals and humans, as well as less intrusive wildlife study techniques.
The Clark R. Bavin Wildlife Law Enforcement Award is presented by AWI at the Conference of the Parties to CITES to recognize people and organizations who fight wildlife crime.
AWI published the children's book "The Boy Who Loved All Living Things: The Imaginary Childhood Journal of Albert Schweitzer", written and illustrated by Sheila Hamanaka, and inspired by Schweitzer's youth.


National Party of Australia (SA)

The National Party of Australia (S.A.) Inc. is a political party in South Australia, and an affiliated state party of the National Party of Australia. Like the National Party of Western Australia, it is an independent party and not part of the Liberal/National Coalition. First contesting the 1965 state election, the party has held two South Australian House of Assembly seats at alternating periods; Peter Blacker (1973–1993) in Flinders and Karlene Maywald (1997–2010) in Chaffey.
History.
The Country Party had previously been affiliated in South Australia from 1917 to 1932, when it merged with the Liberal Federation to form the Liberal and Country League (LCL). The merged party affiliated with the new Liberal Party of Australia but retained the LCL name until 1974, when it adopted the name "Liberal Party of Australia (South Australian Division)".
In August 1964, T. G. Clark announced the formation of the "South Australian Country Party" as a fully autonomous organisation. He said that the party would seek affiliation with the federal party at a later date. Clark, the former general manager of a milk processing co-operative, was the chairman of the party's eight-member provisional committee, and said that the committee had met regularly over the previous year and that multiple branches had been formed.
In December 1965, the Australian Country Party Federal Council unanimously approved the South Australian party's affiliation with the federal party.
At the 1973 election, the revived party won a seat for the first time in Flinders, and finished second after preferences in five more LCL seats − Rocky River, Mallee, Alexandra, Goyder and Victoria.
The SA Nationals aligned themselves with the "Joh for Canberra" movement at the 1987 federal election.
Karlene Maywald was the MP for the Riverland seat of Chaffey from 1997 and the SA National Party parliamentary leader. She was re-elected at the 2002 and 2006 state elections (three other candidates were fielded in Flinders, Finniss, and MacKillop), announcing that she would support whichever party won government, which happened to be a landslide to the Labor Party. Maywald became a minister in the first term of the Rann government. and signed an agreement with Mike Rann and the Labor Party for reserving the right to not vote with the government, whilst at the same time becoming the Minister for the River Murray amongst other portfolios to the benefit of her constituency. Positions accepted were Minister for the River Murray, Minister for Regional Development, Minister for Small Business, and later Minister for Water Security. This informal ALP-NAT coalition (the first since 1935) caused uproar, with Christopher Pyne calling for Maywald's expulsion from the Nationals and Patrick Secker calling for a corruption enquiry into the appointment – neither eventuated.
The SA Nationals received a 6.6 percent primary vote at the 2009 Frome by-election. However, the party directed its preferences to independent Geoff Brock, allowing him to win the seat from third place. At the 2014 South Australian state election, The Nationals polled well below 1% of the primary vote for both houses of parliament. The party failed to nominate any candidates in 2018.
The South Australian Nationals have never been as dominant in rural areas as their counterparts in the rest of mainland Australia. Indeed, they are no longer a force of any real political significance in South Australia. This is not only due to South Australia's status as Australia's most centralised state (some three-quarters of the population lives in Adelaide), but because the SA Liberals have built up healthy support bases in rural areas that would tilt National in the rest of the country.
The SA Nationals have never been part of a formal Coalition with the Liberals, unlike their counterparts in most of the rest of Australia. However, had the SA Nationals won any federal seats in 2013, they would have been part of the Coalition.


Island Timberlands

Island Timberlands LP, a private timberlands business in British Columbia, Canada, was created in 2005 by the purchase of lands from Weyerhaeuser's coastal BC timber estate, which had originally been purchased in 1999 from MacMillan Bloedel. The private managed forest lands comprise approximately 254,000 hectares of forests, both mature and regenerating. The majority of timber harvested from these lands is shipped to overseas clients as unprocessed logs.
Island Timberlands' (IT) corporate office is located in Nanaimo, BC, and the company is certified to the Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) Forest Management Standard. Industry governed SFI certification is under scrutiny by various environmental watchdogs for greenwashing as 80% of the organization's funding comes from the wood and pulp industry and the environmental standards are adaptable based on the certified area across North America. Under SFI certification, IT is able and planning to harvest old growth forests on Cortes Island in September 2012.
Island Timberlands provides limited recreational opportunities for residents and visitors to south, central and east Vancouver Island, including Cortes Island. Access to these lands is limited to weekends between 8am-4pm for licensed, registered vehicles only. IT blocks access by way of gates. IT do not allow quads, ATVs or dirt bikes access. IT routinely block access to lakes (the east side of Boomerang Lake in their Northwest Bay logging division being one example) and lands by trenching or indiscriminately felling trees across trails. More access is sought by residents, user groups and hunters.
The proposed logging actions for the Fall of 2012 on Cortes Island have brought them under scrutiny and public petition by Wildstands, a Community group focusing on public awareness of realities and options in the BC forestry industry.
IT is managed by Brookfield Asset Management (BAM). BAM, one of the largest corporations in Canada, is most well known as the owner of Zucotti Park in New York City. In February 2012, Occupy movement protesters staged a 24-hour vigil in front of IT's main office.


Agriculture University, Kota

Agriculture University, Kota (AUK) is an agricultural university situated in Kota, Rajasthan, India. It was established in 2013 by the Government of Rajasthan under "Agriculture University, Kota Act, 2013", by bifurcating Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology and Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University.
Its jurisdiction covers six districts, namely Kota, Baran, Bundi, Jhalawar, Karauli and Sawai Madhopur.
Colleges.
The university includes two colleges, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar and College of Agriculture, Ummedganj, Kota.


Chuck Thomsen

Charles William Thomsen (born January 20, 1957) is an American Republican politician from the US state of Oregon. He currently serves in the Oregon Senate, representing District 26, which includes all of Hood River County and parts of eastern Multnomah County and northeastern Clackamas County.
Early life and career.
Thomsen was born in Hood River, Oregon and graduated from Hood River Valley High School and then attended Willamette University, where he graduated with a bachelor's degree in Political Science and Economics. Thomsen returned to Hood River where he worked as an orchardist, raising pears and apples.
Political career.
Thomsen was appointed to the Hood River Planning Commission in 1990, and then elected to the Hood River County Board of Commissioners in 1994. He was re-elected to the commission four times and served until 2010. In 2010, Thomsen ran for the Oregon State Senate seat held by Rick Metsger, who vacated the seat to run for Oregon State Treasurer. In the 2010 general election, Thomsen defeated Democrat Brent Barton 53%–47%. His support and advocacy in animal-related measures saw him labeled as a 2011 "Top Dog" by the Oregon Humane Society.
On December 11 2020, Thomsen and 11 other state Republican officials signed a letter requesting Oregon Attorney General Ellen Rosenblum join Texas and other states contesting the results of the 2020 presidential election in Texas v. Pennsylvania. Rosenblum announced she had filed in behalf of the defense, and against Texas, the day prior.
Recall Effort.
From June 20, 2019, all 11 Republican state senators for Oregon, including Thomsen, refused to show up for work at the Oregon State Capitol, instead going into hiding, some even fleeing the state. Their aim was to prevent a vote on a cap-and-trade proposal that would dramatically lower greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 to combat climate change. The Senate holds 30 seats, but 1 is vacant due to a death. Without the Republican senators, the remaining 18 Democratic state senators could not reach a quorum of 20 to hold a vote.
The walk-out led to one of Thomsen's Hood River constituents, Lara Dunn, to file a petition for a recall of his seat on March 5, 2020. “Senator Chuck Thomsen broke his promise to represent us in the Legislature,” Dunn wrote in a prospective petition. “He stopped going to work but still collected his taxpayer-funded salary and daily stipend. He must be recalled and replaced by someone who will show up and fight for our jobs, our schools, our healthcare and our future.” Thomsen's opponents pointed to comments Thomsen had made to Oregon Public Radio regarding his plans to head for warm weather if a walkout occurred, and that he'd packed polo shirts and shorts.
In order to force a recall election, Dunn's petition effort needed to gather 9,025 valid signatures by June 2, according to the Secretary of State's Office. The recall effort failed.
Personal.
Thomsen owns Thomsen Orchards in Hood River, where he lives with his wife, Kristi. The couple has two grown daughters.


Davey Gunn

David John Gunn, generally known as Davey or Davy, (18 September 1887 – 25 December 1955) was a New Zealander and promoter of the Hollyford Track. A farmer and bushman, he ran his almost wild cattle in the glacier-cut Hollyford Valley in Fiordland, South Westland, New Zealand.
Biography.
Gunn was the fourth of five children of Scottish parents, Isabella Grierson Robertson and her husband, Alexander Gunn. A one-time shepherd, Alexander Gunn ran a sheep farm of 27,000 acres in Central Otago. For secondary schooling David lived at Hook, near Waimate, with his maiden aunts on their 500 acre farm. Leaving school, he briefly followed other family members into Dalgety's (an agricultural company), working as a clerk in a branch office before deciding the work did not suit him. He went back to work on and later manage the farm at Hook. He underwent military training at Trentham Military Camp in 1918, but was too late to be sent to fight in the First World War.
He went farming on his own account 100 miles south of Waimate at Sutton. On 10 July 1919 at Morven near Waimate he married Ethel May Willetts, a confectioner. They were to have two daughters, Isabel and Dorothy, and a son, Murray. His wife took their children to Oamaru to be educated and Gunn returned to his family for brief visits only twice a year.
George Gunn, an early runholder, mapped some of the Hollyford Valley in 1861. In 1926 David Gunn bought freehold land there from remaining original settlers, the McKenzie family. He increased his Hollyford landholding in 1929, just before the onset of the Great Depression, by acquiring four leases totalling more than 25,000 acres. He then moved to the valley, establishing his solitary base at Deadman's Hut on the banks of the Hollyford River. Gunn cut a number of well used tracks and erected huts in the more remote parts of his run.
Fox Moth crash.
Gunn came to public attention on 30 December 1936 with a speedy journey to assist the injured passengers of a de Havilland Fox Moth cabin plane he had seen crash into the sea at Big Bay. He covered the , four-day journey in just 21 hours, a feat which earned him a King George VI Coronation Medal the following year.
Hollyford Track and tourism.
In 1936, Gunn began guiding tramping parties down his Hollyford Track, and would continue doing so until his death in 1955. Friendly and hospitable, possessing considerable personal charm, Gunn became a well-known and popular figure. He was respected for his bushcraft, his energy, and his knowledge of the area.
On Christmas Day 1955, Gunn was fording the Hollyford River on horseback near Hidden Falls, with a 12-year-old boy mounted behind him. The horse stumbled and fell, and both riders were seen to find their feet in the river, until the horse stood up and they were both swept away and drowned. Gunn's body was never found.
After his death his son, Murray, continued to guide trampers in the area, and started "Gunn's Camp", a rest-stop for trampers with store and small museum, which still stands near the southern end of the track, around from the Milford Sound-Te Anau highway.


Oulnina

Oulnina Station is a pastoral lease that operates as a sheep station in South Australia.
It is situated approximately south east of Mannahill and east of Yunta.
The property was established some time prior to 1861. In 1862 Henry Lorenzo Sprigg owned the station. Sprigg struck financial problems in 1867 and by 1868 both Oulnina and Wadnaminga Station were put up for sale. The two runs occupied a combined area of and were stocked with a total of 21,800 sheep. The property had a woolshed, huts, yards and 14 wells. The two stations were acquired by Philip Levi and Co.
In 1870, the two stations were again sold, along with other properties. By this time Oulnina and Wadnaminga were stocked with 17,000 sheep. The area was struck by a plague of grasshoppers in 1872, causing most available feed for stock to be lost. In 1880, a total of 59,095 sheep were shorn at Oulnina.
Gold was found on Oulnina in 1885, and a syndicate was formed shortly after to work a mineral claim on the property. In 1890 only 16,092 sheep were shorn at the property.
In 1897 the property comprised and was divided into 17 paddocks. The flock at the time was estimated at 40,000 sheep.
In 1907 the property was acquired by W.J. McBride from the executors of W.H. Duncan's estate. Oulnina occupied an area of and was stocked with 38,597 sheep, 62 cattle and 64 horses at this time. It was divided into 38 paddocks and was fully fenced. Stock could be watered from 9 wells or 26 dams with one permanent spring. McBride paid £53,300 for the property.
In 1911 the property was acquired, along with nearby Outlapa Station, by Robert Crawford from R. J. McBride. Crawford intended to subdivide Oulnina into 11 blocks and sell them. Oulnina comprised at this time. It was divided into blocks, the largest being , and they were put up for sale.
Many of the leases, collectively called 'Oulnina Park', were acquired by J.G. Terry, who in turn sold them off in 1917. George Brooks acquired many of the lots at this point, including the homestead block of approximately , and retained them until his death in 1926.
Maurice Francis was the owner of the property in 2013.
Michael Burdon is likely to have murdered his young German partner, Tanja Ebert, on 8 August 2017, disposing of her body on or in the vicinity of Oulnina Park Station. It was believed she has considered escaping Michael, including from the isolated lifestyle he offered.
The police investigation is ongoing, with attention focussing towards the close friends and family of Herr. Burdon, who are believed to be suppressing information on the case, with the possibility of having been involved in the disposal of the body.