Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom

The aerospace industry of the United Kingdom is the fourth-largest national aerospace industry in the world and the third largest in Europe, with a global market share of 12% in 2018. In 2013, the industry employed 84,000 people.
Domestic companies with a large presence in the British aerospace industry include BAE Systems (the world's fourth-largest defence contractor), Britten-Norman, Cobham, GKN, Hybrid Air Vehicles, Meggitt PLC, QinetiQ, Rolls Royce (the world's second-largest maker of defence aero engines) and Ultra Electronics. Foreign companies with a major presence include Boeing, Bombardier, Airbus, Leonardo, General Electric/GE Aviation Systems, Lockheed Martin, MBDA, Safran and Thales Group.
Current manned aircraft in which the British aerospace industry has a major role include the AgustaWestland AW101, AW159, Airbus A220 A320 family, A330, A340, A380, A400M, BAE Hawk, Boeing 767, 777, 787, Bombardier CRJ700, Learjet 85, Britten-Norman Defender, Britten-Norman Islander, Eurofighter Typhoon, Hawker 800, Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules, Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II and BAE Systems Tempest. Current unmanned aerial vehicles in which the British aerospace industry has a major role include BAE Taranis, HAV 304 Airlander 10, QinetiQ Zephyr and Watchkeeper WK450.
The British aerospace industry has made many important contributions to the history of aircraft and was solely, or jointly, responsible for the development and production of the first aircraft with an enclosed cabin (the Avro Type F), the first jet aircraft to enter service for the Allies in World War II (the Gloster Meteor), the first commercial jet airliner to enter service (the de Havilland Comet), the first aircraft capable of supercruise (the English Electric Lightning), the first supersonic commercial jet airliner to enter service (the Aérospatiale-BAC Concorde), the first fixed-wing V/STOL combat aircraft to enter service (the Hawker Siddeley Harrier), the first twin-engined widebody commercial jet airliner (the Airbus A300), the first digital fly-by-wire commercial aircraft (the Airbus A320), and the largest commercial aircraft to enter service to date (the Airbus A380).
2010 saw the establishment of the Aerospace Growth Partnership (AGP), a strategic partnership between the UK Government, industry and other key stakeholders, established to secure the future of the UK aerospace industry in the face of an ever changing, and increasingly competitive global landscape.
The early interest in aeroplanes.
The desire by private individuals, often amateur gentlemen, to fly as a hobby provided the initial stimulus to the UK aviation industry. By October 1913 there were over 80 private airworthy aeroplanes, more than the airworthy planes in the recently formed Royal Flying Corps. Before the First World War there were no regular air services and commercial aviation only really started in 1919 after the development of suitably sized aircraft during the First World War.
Whilst it was the military market that really was the source of aviation development, in the years leading up to 1914 it was, in the UK, rather sporadic. In 1909 development on behalf of the Government was stopped as being too costly. In April 1911 Britain had only 6 military aeroplanes, 2 of which were obsolete. The French War Department owned 208. However, by the start of WW1 the Naval Wing of the R.F.C. had 93 and the Military Wing had 179.
Structure of the industry.
1910–1914.
As a new technology, there was a great deal of interest from a variety of sources but often it was individuals just enthused by aviation. Between 1909 and 1914 there were about 200 active constructors, although many of them only made one or two planes. But even the production of the larger firms was not very substantial, British and Colonial Aeroplane Company, one of the largest produced just over 200 planes between 1910 and 1914.
Most of the aviation pioneers, such as Geoffrey de Havilland, Thomas Sopwith, Richard Fairey, Robert Blackburn, Frederick Handley Page, A.V. Roe and the Short Brothers had a training in engineering and their companies were usually privately financed. There were several large engineering companies who also got involved, such as Vickers in 1911, Armstrong Whitworth in 1912 British and Colonial Aeroplane Company in 1910 and Aircraft Manufacturing Company in 1912.
Along with these companies there was the early development of seaplanes, particularly near Southampton, by companies such as S. E. Saunders (originally boat builders) and Pemberton-Billing (later Supermarine). Finally, there were several French subsidiary companies who built aero-engines.
1914–1918.
Unsurprisingly the run up to and onset of the First World War led to a massive increase in the number of companies engaged in aircraft production. Between 1912 and 1916 aircraft production was moved on to a mass production basis. But it was only by 1917 that production problems and procedures were sorted out such that there was a steady flow of aircraft, engines and spares.
By October 1918 there were 1,529 companies involved in the manufacture of aircraft. As well as aviation companies making aeroplanes there were other engineering companies also involved in making aircraft and engines (usually under licence). Companies such as shipbuilders Harland and Wolff in Belfast, engineering manufacturer, G & J Weir in Glasgow. The motor industry obviously had a capability to manufacture aeroplanes and, in particular, engines. Austin Motor Company, Daimler Company, D. Napier & Son, Sunbeam Motor Car Company and ABC Motors were all part of the wartime aviation industry. In addition there were also a large number of sub-contractors, making such things as propellers, electrical equipment, instrumentation and canvas.
However, once the War was over, the vast majority returned to their pre-war activities. The aircraft being produced in 1918 were essentially enhanced versions of the 1914 aircraft. The development of the aviation industry between 1914 and 1918 was more one of production and logistics than scientific or technical.
1918 -1924.
On 2 January 1918 the Air Ministry was founded and on 1 April 1918 the Royal Air Force was established, independent of the Army and Royal Navy. Both organisations were to fashion the nature of the aviation industry in the UK.
The first task for the government at the end of the war was to dispose of their stocks of aircraft and to deal with those on order. The Ministry of Munitions set up a Disposal Board and sold the entire surplus stock to a private company, Aircraft Disposals Company, with Frederick Handley Page as one of the key personnel.
As soon as the war was finished and the government demand for aircraft ceased some of the remaining aircraft companies tried to diversify into other activities but with limited success or simply closed down. For instance, Airco looked at car manufacture and was bought by the Daimler Company parent company Birmingham Small Arms whilst Martinsyde and Sopwith briefly tried motor cycles. By 1920 the British aerospace industry consisted of 28 aeroplane constructors and a dozen aero engine designers. However, much of their work was of a trivial nature and engine orders were so low that Rolls Royce nearly left the aviation sector.
The aviation industry was left with the core of pre-war producers and a few companies whose interest in aviation had been aroused. This latter category included companies such as the Norwich engineering firm Boulton & Paul, Westland Aircraft, the wartime offshoot of engine manufacturers Petters Ltd and Gloucestershire, later, Gloster Aircraft Company formed from Cheltenham-based luxury liner outfitters H. H. Martyn.
Nonetheless there was still determination to stay particularly from the enthusiastic pioneers such de Havilland and Sopwith. As soon as Airco and Sopwith Aviation Company were declared bankrupt,(due to the Treasury demanding payment for excess profits) within months Tommy Sopwith and Geoffrey de Havilland both established new companies, H.G. Hawker Engineering later Hawker Aircraft and De Havilland Aircraft Company.
Civil aviation.
The Government established a Civil Aerial Transport Committee (that included H.G. Wells and Tommy Sopwith) that reported in December 1918. Their key recommendation was that steps should be taken to foster civil aviation in order, in part, to maintain a manufacturing base that could supply the country's military needs. However, Government policy for civil aviation was, initially, according to the then Secretary of State for Air, Winston Churchill, on 11 March 1920 in the House of Commons to let it "fly by itself……any attempt to support it artificially by floods of State money will not ever produce a really sound commercial aviation service which the public will use, and will impose a burden of an almost indefinite amount upon the Exchequer".
Air transport companies were established in 1919–20, several of which were subsidiaries of aircraft manufacturers, such as Handley-Page, Airco and Blackburn Aircraft. A number of the companies failed or found themselves in difficulty, due to high operating cost, low demand that was also seasonal, high fares and heavily subsidised French competition and so it was decided in April 1922 to offer support and by October subsidies were given to individual airlines operating set routes.
Matters were improved when aircraft specifically designed for commercial operation were introduced. The DH.34 and Handley Page W.8 lowered the operating costs for airlines, making them more economically viable.
Eventually, however, the state did involve itself in civil aviation and on the advice of the Hambling Committee, creating Imperial Airways in 1924 from the four main air transport companies. However, the Air Ministry did not actively engage with the development of commercial aircraft, despite the recommendation of the 1918 Civil Aerial Transport Committee and was later criticised by the 1938 Cadman Report for this.
Military aviation.
The Air Ministry worked in the early years on the basis that there would be no war in Europe in the immediate future and that the main requirement for aircraft would be policing the colonies. Such activity would not require sophisticated aeroplanes to be developed.
Nonetheless, the Government needed to ensure that the aircraft industry did not shrink to a size dangerous for national defence and that there would be sufficient aircraft and aero engine companies to sustain the United Kingdom's military requirements for the variety of types of aircraft and engines.
Consequently, there came into being an arrangement with Society of British Aircraft Constructors that contracts could be shared around a limited number of companies, this became known as The Ring.
The Air Ministry would draw up a specification which would be given to 'approved firms' who would then submit tenders for prototypes. The Air Ministry would select several prototypes and finally a choice for production would be made.
The work was spread out over about 18 aviation companies. The winning company for a tender would not necessarily be given the complete construction work, which on occasions would be spread out to other companies to ensure that they, the other companies, were able to stay in business.
1925–1939.
Civil aviation.
There was a particular success in this period in the growth of privately owned light aircraft. In 1924 the Air Ministry initiated a policy of financial assistance to light aeroplane clubs. Despite Air Ministry support what really made the difference was the launch of the De Havilland Gipsy Moth in 1924. An immensely popular aircraft ideally suited to flying clubs and popularised by famous aviators such as Amy Johnson, Jean Batten, and Sir Francis Chichester
However, for airliners in this period the UK lagged behind European countries. In 1931 Belgium operator Sabena was the only other European airline company using British aircraft. The aeroplanes of German manufacturer Junkers and Dutch company Fokker were dominant and after 1930 American passenger aircraft took a leading part. In 1938 Neville Chamberlain flew a British Airways Ltd Lockheed 10 Electra for his meeting with Adolf Hitler.
The reasons for this were not difficult to find. Imperial Airways largely ignored European routes preferring to focus on imperial markets in Africa and India. Imperial Airways' Handley Page aircraft were comfortable and safe but slow. There was no competition on these routes, so there was little incentive to spend money on developing new, faster and more efficient aircraft.
Flying boats.
However, the lack of suitable landing airfields in many Empire counties in the inter War period did lead to Imperial Airways commissioning Short Brothers in 1935 to build 28 flying boat aircraft for passengers and freight (particularly airmail). The Second World War effectively stopped the further development of the flying boat as after the War there were plenty of suitable land aircraft, notably the Douglas DC-3, and airfields for flying boats to be redundant.
Research and Development.
The aviation industry was to benefit significantly from aeronautical research carried out in the late 1920s and the 1930s. The academic centres were University of Cambridge, where they had established a chair in aeronautical engineering in 1919, and, indeed, most of the leading British aeronautical engineers were Cambridge graduates, and Imperial College London. For instance, Sir Frank Whittle the inventor and developer of the jet engine and W.E.W. Petter the designer of the Westland Lysander and, after World War Two, the English Electric Canberra, and Folland Gnat, both studied mechanical sciences at Cambridge University.
John Siddeley, 1st Baron Kenilworth, the aero engine producer, gave Cambridge University £10,000 for aeronautical research and the arm dealer Basil Zaharoff endowed a chair of aviation at Imperial College.
Much work was also done at the Royal Aircraft Establishment in Farnborough, Hampshire, the research and development organisation under the auspices of the Air Ministry. Research work was, for instance, carried out in wind tunnels, and other projects such as research on electrical heating systems for guns, reliable navigation lamps, better engine magnetos and ignition systems.
Current major participants.
AgustaWestland.
AgustaWestland is an international helicopter manufacturer owned by Leonardo of Italy. In the United Kingdom, the company has one factory in Yeovil, employing more than 4,000 people. Its main products with a large British content are the AW101, the Super and Future Lynx and the AW139 and AW149.
Airbus UK.
Airbus (a subsidiary of Airbus) directly employs around 13,000 people at its UK division Airbus UK, with estimates that it supports another 140,000 jobs in the wider UK economy. The traditional UK workshare in Airbus aircraft is around 20%. Airbus has major sites at Filton in the city of Bristol and at Broughton in north Wales. Filton is the main research and development and support centre for all Airbus wings, fuel systems and landing gear integration. Broughton, which employs over 5,000 people, is the main wing manufacturing centre for all Airbus aircraft and also builds the fuselage and wings of the Hawker 800. Since 2006 Airbus has also had a small development centre in the Midlands.
Other Airbus subsidiaries with major operations in the UK include Astrium, Cassidian and Surrey Satellite Technology.
Airbus Defence & Space.
Airbus Defence and Space (a subsidiary of Airbus) is the largest space company in Europe and employs around 2,700 people in the UK. It has sites at Stevenage (1,200 employees), Portsmouth (1,400 employees) and Poynton (120 employees).
BAE Systems.
The UK-headquartered BAE Systems is the world's fourth-largest defence contractor and it employs around 36,400 people in the UK. The largest aerospace related locations of BAE Systems are Warton, Samlesbury and Brough. The final assembly line for the British Eurofighter Typhoons, a collaborative European programme, is located at Warton. All flight test activity for manned aircraft is undertaken from Warton, which is also the development centre within BAE Systems, for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), UCAVs and the Saudi Tornado upgrade programme. Samlesbury is the production hub of the Military Air Solutions division of BAE Systems. Here, components for the Eurofighter Typhoon, the F35 Lightning II, the Hawk, UAVs, UCAVs and Airbus aircraft get built. At Brough, the BAE Hawk gets produced and final assembled, flight tests are done at Warton. Overall, Military Air Solution has 14,000 employees spread across eight sites in the United Kingdom.
Britten-Norman Group.
The Britten-Norman Group is the last remaining independent aircraft manufacturer in the United Kingdom, with about 100 employees. It is best known for its design of rugged transport aircraft, such as the Islander, Trislander and Defender 4000. To reduce costs, the company (resident on the Isle of Wight) did not perform manufacture of the airframes, but instead outsourced this to Romania. However, it has now moved production of all aircraft back to Daedalus Airfield and also performs in the European hub for the Cirrus SR20 and SR22 final assembly and delivery.
Bombardier UK.
The Canadian company, Bombardier, employs about 5,000 people in its aerospace division in the UK. It can trace its roots back to Shorts Brothers in Northern Ireland. The company has significant workshares in most Bombardier aircraft with its specialities being fuselages and nacelles.
Cobham.
Cobham plc employs more than 12,000 people in the UK and elsewhere. Its products include refuelling equipment and communication systems.
GE Aviation Systems.
GE Aviation Systems, formerly known as Smiths Aerospace, is a division of General Electric, with about 10,000 employees, half of which work in the UK.
GKN.
GKN Aerospace is a division of the British company GKN, which employs approximately 5,000 people, mainly in the UK and the USA. In the UK, its most important facility is on the Isle of Wight, where it has a carbon composite centre of excellence. There it designed, and used to produce, the composite wing spar for the A400M now produced at GKN's New purpose built Western Approach, Bristol site. The company is also known for producing the cell of the Super Lynx and Future Lynx helicopters. It is the former owner of Westland Helicopters.
Marshall Aerospace and Defence Group.
Marshall Aerospace and Defence Group is a family-owned engineering services and technology business which employs over 4000 people with offices in the UK, Europe, UAE and Canada.
MBDA.
MBDA is the largest European missile house, owned by BAE Systems (37.5%), Airbus (37.5%) and Leonardo (25%). It operates in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy and Poland and has offices in the USA. In the UK, the main sites are Bristol (software and systems) Bolton (production), Stevenage (R&D and integration) and London (management). MBDA's missile programmes include ASRAAM, Meteor, Storm Shadow, Rapier, Sea Wolf, CAMM and Brimstone among others.
QinetiQ.
QinetiQ was formed from parts of the former Defence Evaluation and Research Agency (DERA). It has close to 12,000 employees and is one of the major players in the British aerospace industry. QinetiQ's main aerospace business relates to satellites, UAVs and reconnaissance systems.
Rolls-Royce.
The UK-headquartered Rolls-Royce Group is the world's second-largest maker of aircraft engines (behind General Electric). It has over 50,000 employees, of whom about 23,000 are based in the United Kingdom. In 2014, Rolls-Royce purchased the 50% Daimler had in the R-R engine business, paying 2'430 million € for it. The company's main UK factories are at Derby and Bristol. In Derby, the three shaft Trent engines get developed and produced. The current line up includes the Trent 700 for the Airbus A330, the Trent 900 for the Airbus A380, the Trent 1000 for the Boeing 787 and the Trent XWB for the Airbus A350 XWB, among others. In Bristol, the company has concentrated its military aerospace business with the British final assembly line for the EJ200 engine for the Eurofighter Typhoon, the only final assembly line for the British-French Adour engine and other programmes, such as significant parts of the workshare, in the TP400 turboprop engine for the A400M and the F136 engine for the F-35 Lightning II. Recently, Bristol has also been confirmed as the centre for the development and testing of the civil RB282 engine, which will, however, be produced in Virginia.
Rolls-Royce's main locations are at Derby, Bristol, Hucknall, Barnoldswick/Burnley, Inchinnan.
Safran.
Safran's operations include its Messier-Dowty and Turbomeca subsidiaries.
Leonardo MW.
Leonardo MW is a Leonardo company.
The company has a workforce of approximately 17,000 and total revenues in excess of €3.5 billion. Alongside core operations in Italy and the UK, the company trades in the United States, Germany, Turkey, Romania, Brazil, Saudi Arabia and India.
Surrey Satellite Technology.
Surrey Satellite Technology is a small satellite development and production company. It currently has c.600 employees and is the world leader in small satellites. In its 22-year history, it has developed satellites for 27 missions. The two Galileo satellite navigation proofing satellites, GIOVE-A and GIOVE-A2, are two of their better-known satellites. Originally a spin-out company from the University of Surrey, Surrey Satellite Technology is now 99% owned by the Airbus Defence and Space division of Airbus.
Thales Group.
Thales Group including its UK-based Thales Air Defence, Thales Avionics and Thales Optronics subsidiaries has capabilities including avionics, UAVs, simulation.


Kapelle-Biezelinge railway station

Kapelle-Biezelinge is a railway station located in Kapelle and near the housing area of Biezelinge, The Netherlands. The station was opened on 1 July 1868 and is located on the Roosendaal–Vlissingen railway. The train service is operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen.
Destinations.
The following major destination is possible from Kapelle-Biezelinge:
Vlissingen, Middelburg, Goes, Bergen op Zoom and Roosendaal.
Train service.
The following services currently call at Kapelle-Biezelinge:
Bus service.
Bus Service 28 stops east of the station at bus stop "van Wingen".


Nord Autobahn

The Nord Autobahn (A5) is a motorway, or "Autobahn", in Lower Austria and part of European route E461. The first stage, which opened to traffic 31 January 2010, starts from a junction with the Vienna Outer Ring Expressway (S1) at Großebersdorf and goes through the wine quarter to Schrick, where it becomes the highway B7.
An extension of the A5 from Schrick to Poysbrunn was completed in December 2017. The traffic release took place on 8 December 2017. At a later stage, it is planned to extend the A5 all the way to the Czech border, where it will continue as the Czech D52, forming a continuous motorway link between Vienna and Brno.


Mirza-ye Shirazi Metro Station

Mirza-ye Shirazi Metro Station is a station on Shiraz Metro Line 1. The station opened on 11 October 2014. It is located on Ma'aliabad Square a between Shari'ati Metro Station and Shahed Metro Station.


Serveta

Serveta were a Spanish scooter manufacturer who were in production between 1954 and 1989.
History.
In 1952 a group of Basque businessmen trading as Lambretta Locomociones SA obtained a licence to build Lambretta scooters in Spain. Production began two years later at a purpose built factory in Eibar. Sales were good and around 1964 the company began to use the name Serveta SA for its own commercial activities.
In 1982 the company changed its name to Lambretta SAL following a change of ownership. A downfall in the company's fortunes saw a further change of ownership in 1985 and production transferred to a shared factory in Amurrio. By the late 1980s sales had fallen even further and scooters were only being built on a made to order batch basis. Production finally ceased in 1989.
Markets.
Servetas were initially only produced for the Spanish domestic market. However by 1970 Spanish built machines were being sold in the UK by Lambretta Concessionaires alongside their Innocenti equivalents.
By the end of the decade Serveta scooters were being sold in the United States
and the UK under their own name.


Donegal railway station

Donegal railway station served Donegal in County Donegal, Ireland. It was served by connections to Derry, Killybegs and Ballyshannon.
History.
The station opened on 16 September 1889 on the West Donegal Railway line from Stranorlar to Donegal. In 1906 the station, along with the rest of the line became part of the County Donegal Railways Joint Committee. The station closed on 1 January 1960. However such was the attachment to the Donegal railways that after the line from Donegal town to Ballyshannon closed down in 1959, two of the railway workers continued to operate a freight service between the two towns for a month before the railway bosses in Dublin realised what was happening.
Current Status.
The station buildings have since been restored by the County Donegal Railway Restoration Society, and from 1995 the home of the Donegal Railway Centre.
Rail accident.
In 1949, two trains collided head-on near Donegal. A driver and two passengers were killed.


Ozamiz Airport Road

The Ozamiz Airport Road, also known as the Gango Airport Road or Labo Airport Road is a , national secondary road in Misamis Occidental, Philippines. It connects the Ozamiz Airport from Ozamiz–Oroquieta Road. The entire road is designated as the National Route 959 (N959) of the Philippine highway network.


Beesd railway station

Beesd is a railway station in Beesd. Netherlands. The station opened on 1 December 1883. It lies about 2 km north of Beesd itself. The station is located on the railway line between Dordrecht and Geldermalsen (MerwedeLingelijn). The station has a small island platform, and two tracks, but only one of the tracks is actively used. Train services were operated by Arriva until 8 December 2018, when Qbuzz took over services.


Exposiciones station

Exposiciones is the thirteenth station on line A of the Medellín Metro from north to south. The station is located in the south-central area of Medellín in Colombia. It is named after the Plaza Mayor Conventions and Exhibitions center, and it is the first station on lina A that is not next to the Medellín River. The station was opened on 30 November 1995 as part of the inaugural section of Line A, from Niquía to Poblado.
From this stop, there are buses that go south toward Eastern Antioquia, including Retiro, La Ceja, and La Union municipalities. There are also buses that go to the South Terminal of Intermunicipal Transport, where lines leave for the south of the department and the country, such as the cities of Armenia, Manizales, Pereira, Cali, Popayán, and Pasto.


Birmensdorf railway station

Birmensdorf is a railway station in the municipality of Birmensdorf, in the Swiss canton of Zurich. The station is located on the Zurich to Zug via Affoltern am Albis railway line and is served by Zurich S-Bahn lines S5 and S14.


Calle 22 (TransMilenio)

The simple-station Calle 22 is part of the TransMilenio mass-transit system of Bogotá, Colombia, opened in the year 2000.
Location.
The station is located in the heart of downtown Bogotá, specifically on Avenida Caracas between Calles 22 and 24.
History.
In 2000, phase one of the TransMilenio system was opened between Portal de la 80 and Tercer Milenio, including this station.
The station is named Calle 22 due to its proximity to that street. It services the demand of the passengers of downtown Bogotá, specifically the neighborhoods of Santa Fé and Alameda.
Four months after the opening of the TransMilenio, during the national strike of April 9, 2001, the first attacks against the system occurred. The stations Calle 19 and Calle 22 were destroyed by stones, and some passengers suffered light wounds.
Station Services.
Feeder routes.
This station does not have connections to feeder routes.
Inter-city service.
This station does not have inter-city service.


Jak Lingko

Jak Lingko (formerly OK OTrip) is a public transport integration program designed to integrate payment and physical connection between transport modes in Jakarta. The integration includes TransJakarta, KRL Commuterline, MRT, LRT and local angkot (Mikrotrans).
History.
"One Karcis One Trip" (OK OTrip) was initially launched in 2017. The card caps fares at IDR 5,000 for up to 3 hours on transfers for smaller participating local bus services to or from the TransJakarta BRT network, and aims to reduce transportation costs by 30 percent. In 2018, the program was rebranded as "Jak Lingko", where "Jak" refers to Jakarta and "Lingko" deriving from the name of the interconnected irrigation network used in the Manggarai Regency on Flores Island, East Nusa Tenggara.


San Francisco Bar Pilots Association

San Francisco Bar Pilots Association is the official maritime pilot group for the San Francisco harbor and associated waterways. The pilots in the group are licensed and regulated by California Board of Pilot Commissioners. The Association was created in 1850 and is a member of the American Pilots Association. The association is the oldest purely maritime organization on the Pacific coast of the United States predating the oldest lighthouse in California erected on Alcatraz Island in 1854. The pilots were required by law to maintain a constant round the clock watch with enough pilots aboard a pilot boat on the bar to pilot any arriving ship safely into port.
In 1910 the motor boat "California" was built for the pilots. In 1935 three schooner pilot vessels were maintained to provide rotating five-day watches on the bar near the lightship with two, the large schooner "California" and "Gracie S." being regulars with "Adventuress" as reserve. At that time the pilot vessels were crewed by seven men hosting up to ten pilots awaiting ships with a rule that at sunset enough should be aboard to pilot all vessels expected before noon of the next day.
Today the Bar Pilots are responsible for piloting ships into nine ports within San Francisco Bay as far as the Ports of Stockton and Sacramento and the Port of Monterey outside the bay.


Monkey Marsh Lock

Monkey Marsh Lock is a lock on the Kennet and Avon Canal, at Thatcham, Berkshire, England.
Monkey Marsh Lock was built between 1718 and 1723 under the supervision of the engineer John Hore of Newbury. The canal is administered by Canal & River Trust. The lock has a rise/fall of 8 ft 8 in (2.64 m).
One of only two remaining working examples of turf sided locks on the canal (the other being Garston Lock) of more than a dozen originally, Monkey Marsh Lock is listed as an ancient monument by English Heritage


Erqi Yangtze River Bridge

The Erqi Yangtze River Bridge is a highway bridge over the Yangtze River in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The bridge is long and carries eight lanes of traffic of the Second Ring Road. With two main spans of it is the world's longest double span cable-stayed bridge. Construction of the bridge began in 2008 and the bridge was opened in .


Broadway bus terminus

The Broadway bus terminus is the largest city bus terminus of the Metropolitan Transport Corporation (Chennai), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. It is located in the heart of the city or its downtown - Parry's corner & Fort. It lies opposite the Madras High Court along the Esplanade in George Town. It is a connecting point to several areas in the city. The bus terminus is located at the southern end of Broadway and is near the Chennai Fort suburban railway station.
Developments.
In 2019, the city corporation planned to construct a 21-storey multi-modal hub covering 1 million square feet, integrating the Chennai Metro. It will have a parking space for 1904 cars and 1820 motorcycles. The bus terminus will be developed with 97 bays across two floors: 53 on the lower level and 44 on the upper level. It will have a leasable area of 92,800 square meter, allowing commercial and retail on all the floors. Infrastructure includes an interchange hub for intra-city buses, metro, MRTS and para-transit modes of transport. The corporation expects an occupancy rate of 95 percent.
Multi-level car parking.
A multi-level car parking is proposed to be constructed at an area of 30,000 sq m for a total of 5,000 cars and 7,900 two-wheelers.
Connectivity and Locality details.
The bus terminus is very close to Chennai Central railway station. The nearest suburban railway station is Chennai Fort. The bus terminus is divided into two parts: the eastern and western sides. In the eastern side, only a few buses are operated. The routes covered are mainly Anna Salai, LIC, D.M.S., Saidapet, Guindy, Tambaram, etc. Until 2002, mofussil bus services were operated from the eastern part. From the western part, buses are operated to all other routes not operated in the eastern part. Broadway is the place where large trade activities, both wholes sale and retail, flourish. All items starting from civil, housewares, plastics, general provisions, stationery, fruits, flowers, cycles, etc. are available here. State government-owned Kuralagam an multidepartmental shop is near to the bus stand.
It also have a Entry/Exit Point of High Court Metro station of Chennai Metro inside the Terminal
The terminus is patronised by about 150,000 people everyday. However, it is criticized for improper maintenance, resulting in unhygienic environment.


Bousfer Air Base

Bousfer Air Base (, ) is a military airport located north of Bousfer, Oran, Algeria.


Trenarth Bridge

Trenarth Bridge (, meaning "bridge of Nerth's farm") is at the head of the centre head of Port Navas Creek and is between Mawnan Smith and Porth Navas.


Shaistaganj Junction railway station

Shaistaganj Junction railway station () is a junction railway station situated in Shayestaganj Upazila of Habiganj District in Bangladesh. It was one of the five junction railway stations of Sylhet Division of Assam Bengal Railway during the British era.
History.
The station was opened in 1903 on Akhaura–Kulaura–Chhatak line. Then it became a junction station when Habiganj Bazar–Shaistaganj–Balla line was opened in 1928–29. But later in 2003, that line was abandoned and in 2005, almost 15 km long Habiganj Bazar–Shaistaganj line was taken off. The station was modernized from 2005 to 2009.
Rail services.
As of 2020, six inter-city trains give stoppage in this station. Among them, Joyantika Express, Kalni Express, Parabat Express and Upaban Express run on Dhaka–Sylhet route whereas Paharika Express and Udayan Express run on Chittagong–Sylhet route.


Mobshitters

The Mobshitters Motorcycle Club, is a "one-percenter" outlaw motorcycle club in Australia with around four chapters.


Gunthorpe Bridge

Gunthorpe Bridge is a bridge over the River Trent at Gunthorpe, Nottinghamshire.
History.
Until 1875, the only way to cross the river was by ferry, or ford.
The Gunthorpe Bridge Company was formed in the 1870s to build the bridge. A capital of £7,500 (), was raised in £10 shares. The foundation stone was laid in 1873 and the bridge opened in 1875. It was built largely in iron.
The tolls were:
It was only able to handle 6 tons of weight and with the advent of commercial vehicular traffic it was determined a modern structure was needed. The Nottinghamshire County Council (Gunthorpe Bridge) Act 1925 empowered Nottinghamshire County Council to buy out the owners, demolish the bridge and replace it with the present one.
The current bridge is a three span, reinforced concrete arch bridge. It was built in 1927, 400 metres upstream from the old one, with new bypass roads for the Gunthorpe and East Bridgford villages. The central arch spans 38.1 metres. The two side arches span 30.9 metres. Each of the three arches contains four ribs.


Salhane railway station

Salhane is a station on İZBAN's Northern Line. The station is away from Alsancak station. Salhane opened in 2001, and was serviced by the Basmane-Aliağa Regional and the Alsancak-Çiğli Commuter Line. Service was suspended between 2006 and 2010, where the station was rebuilt. Service re-opened on December 5, 2010, with the inauguration of İZBAN's Northern Line.


Do Not Send Your Wife to Italy

Do Not Send Your Wife to Italy () is a 1960 West German romantic comedy film directed by Hans Grimm and starring Marianne Hold, Claus Biederstaedt and Elma Karlowa.
It was shot at the Bavaria Studios in Munich. The film's art direction was by Max Mellin.


Anqing Yangtze River Bridge

Anqing Yangtze River Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge spanning over the Yangtze River at Anqing, Anhui Province in eastern China. The bridge is wide and carries four lanes of traffic on the G50 Shanghai–Chongqing Expressway between Anqing north of the river and Dongzhi County in Chizhou prefecture to the south. The bridge opened on December 27, 2004 and was the 35th bridge across the Yangtze River between Yibin and Shanghai. The bridge required investment of ¥1.3174 billion.
The Anqing Yangtze River Bridge is located downstream from the Jiujiang Yangtze River Bridge and upstream from the Tongling Yangtze River Bridge.
Wu Bangguo wrote the calligraphy for the bridge's name inscription.


Changan Ford

Chang’an Ford ( "Cháng'ān Fútè", full name Chang’an Ford Automobile Co., Ltd.) is an automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Chongqing, China and a 50:50 joint venture between Changan Automobile and Ford Motor Company. The company's principal activity is the manufacture of Ford brand passenger cars for the Chinese market. The company was formed in Dec. 2012 after the decision to restructure Changan Ford Mazda, whereby Ford and Mazda agreed to work with Changan as separate joint ventures. Currently, Changan Ford's entire production base is the largest manufacturing location outside Detroit, Michigan for Ford. It has plants in Chongqing, Hangzhou & Harbin. The slogan for Changan Ford is "Go Further" (, "Jìn wú zhǐjìng").
History.
In late 2012, China approved division of the Changan Ford Mazda joint venture 50-50 into separate Ford and Mazda components.
In 2013, Changan Ford opened a new engine plant in Chongqing with an investment of US$500 million.
On Jun. 18, 2014, Changan Ford opened its transmission plant in Chongqing with an investment of US$350 million. This is the first transmission plant for Ford in the Asia-Pacific region.
In 2015, Changan Ford acquired Harbin Hafei Automobile Group Co, a subsidiary of Chongqing Changan's parent company, for US$1.1 billion. After factory upgrades, vehicle production started in the second half of 2016.


Nur railway station

Nur railway station
() is located in Pakistan.


Shahid Dastgheyb Metro Station

Shahid Dastgheyb Metro Station is a station on Shiraz Metro Line 1 at Allah (Go-e Sorkh) Square. The station is located next to Shiraz Airport.


75th Anniversary Selatin Tunnel

75th Anniversary Selatin Tunnel (), is a road tunnel constructed on the motorway O-31 / E87 at the province border of Izmir and Aydın, western Turkey. It is situated northwest of Aydın and southeast of Izmir, between the junctions Belevi and Germencik. With its length of , it was the country's longest tunnel when opened on April 20, 2000.
Starting on April 1, 1990, its construction was carried out by the joint venture Kutlutaş and Dillingham in New Austrian Tunnelling method (NATM). The cost of the tunnel totalled to US$121 million.
The tunnel was initially named after its location in Selatin village of Germencik district. Following its completion, it was renamed in memory of the 75th anniversary of the foundation of the Turkish Republic (1923).
As of 2012, it ranks on the second place after the long Ordu Nefise Akçelik Tunnel opened in 2007. It has twin bores of and length, and carries three lanes of traffic in each direction. Each of the bores is wide and high.
The tunnel is equipped with a modern electronic road traffic safety and control system as the first ever in Turkey. Speed limit in the tunnel is , which can be reduced to or upon certain conditions. Dangerous goods carriers are not permitted to use the tunnel.
Civil engineering feat.
Turkish Chamber of Civil Engineers lists 75th year Selatin Tunnel as one of the fifty civil engineering feats in Turkey, a list of remarkable engineering projects realized in the first 50 years of the chamber.


Skulte Station

Skulte Station is a railway station in Skulte, Skulte Parish, at one terminus of the Zemitāni–Skulte Railway.


Generoso Vetta railway station

Generoso Vetta is the upper terminal railway station of the Monte Generoso railway, a rack railway that connects Capolago with the summit of Monte Generoso in the Swiss canton of Ticino. At 1,592 metres above sea level, it is the highest railway station in Ticino. The station is situated a short walk from the mountain summit, and only a few metres from the international border with the Italian region of Lombardy.
The old station building, which had a buffet, a restaurant and a hotel, closed at the end of the 2013 season and was demolished. A new building, designed by Mario Botta and including buffet, restaurant and rooftop viewing gallery, opened on 8 April 2017. In the meantime, the railway remained closed to passengers although it was used for the transport of construction materials and workers. The new building is known as the "Fiore di Pietra" or stone flower.
The station is served by the following passenger trains:


Sahu railway station

Sahu railway station
() is located in Pakistan.


Dicycle

A dicycle () (also known as a diwheel) is a vehicle with two parallel wheels, side by side, unlike single-track vehicles such as motorcycles and bicycles, which have two wheels inline. Originally used to refer to devices with large wheels and pedals, the term is now used in relation to powered self-balancing scooters with smaller wheels and no pedals such as the Segway PT and the self-balancing hoverboard.
Etymology.
In more recent usage, "dicycle" has been used for both pedaled and motorised vehicles with wheels of varying sizes, as long as they share a common axis, though not necessarily a common axle. In 2017, the Merriam-Webster's dictionary, limited usage to 'velocipedes with two parallel wheels,' and the Oxford English Dictionary limited it to 'pedal-powered vehicles with large wheels placed parallel to each other'.
Examples.
Segway PT.
The Segway PT is a two-wheeled self-balancing personal transporter which uses computers, sensors, and electric motors to keep the device upright. The rider commands the PT to go forward or backward by shifting their weight forward or backward on the platform. The maximum speed of the Segway PT is with a range of on a fully charged lithium-ion battery, depending on terrain, riding style, and the condition of the batteries. Invented by Dean Kamen, it is produced by Segway Inc.
Self-balancing scooter.
The self-balancing scooter is a category of personal transporter which includes all self-balancing powered portable devices with two parallel wheels that includes the Segway PT, the Segway miniPRO and the self-balancing hoverboard.
Diwheel design.
The diwheel design has the two large outer wheels completely encompassing an inner frame. The inner frame is free to rotate within the wheels, and is typically supported by a common axle or idlers which roll on the wheels (see figure). Diwheels, like their more popular cousins the monowheel, have been around for almost one and a half centuries. All of these platforms suffer from two common issues affecting driver comfort; slosh and tumbling (also known as gerbilling). Sloshing is when the inner frame oscillates, and it occurs in all monowheels and diwheels where the centre of gravity of the inner frame is offset from the centre line of the wheels. It is very prevalent as these platforms typically have low damping between the wheel and the frame, to minimise power consumption during locomotion. In addition, during severe braking or acceleration the inner frame will tumble relative to the earth centred frame, which affects the ability of the driver to control the platform. Both the sloshing and tumbling issue can be controlled through feedback control, and has been demonstrated successfully. The equations of motion for the diwheel have been published.


Birdhill railway station

Birdhill railway station serves the town of Birdhill in County Tipperary, Ireland.
The station opened on 23 July 1860.
It is on the Limerick–Ballybrophy railway line and is also served by a skeleton service on the Limerick to Nenagh Commuter Service.
Description.
The station once had a large station house but now has only a portable building. This houses the ticket office and toilet. The station has a car park. A plaque in the station grounds commemorates the 150th anniversary of the station, which took place in 2010. There is also a "Railway Garden" beside the station. The signal box and railway bridge are both listed as a protected structures by Tipperary County Council (RPS Refs S708 and S709).
Closure proposed.
A January 2012 national newspaper article suggested that Irish Rail was expected to seek permission from the National Transport Authority to close the line. In response, the timetable was altered during 2012, and the service was again reduced from February 2013. In November 2016 it was announced the line was very likely to close in 2018 as the demand for the service is very low and CIE/IE wish to close it to save money.


Heravi Metro Station

Heravi Metro Station is a station in line 3 of the Tehran Metro. It is located on Sayyad Expressway at not far from Heravi Sq. in Northwestern Tehran. The station is across from Golestan Hospital.


Craughwell railway station

Craughwell railway station is a railway station serving the village of Craughwell in County Galway.
History.
A station existed in the town until the closure to passengers of the line from Ennis-Athenry in 1976.
As part of Iarnród Éireann's Western Rail Corridor project, under the Transport 21 plan, Iarnród Éireann rebuilt the station.


Appenzell railway station

Appenzell railway station () is a railway station in the district of Appenzell, in the Swiss canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden. It is located at the junction of the Appenzell–St. Gallen–Trogen and Gossau–Wasserauen lines of Appenzell Railways.
Services.
 the following services stop at Appenzell:


Pont Marengo

The Pont Marengo (Marengo bridge) crosses the Canal du Midi and links Carcassonne to the local railway station.
The lock is very busy and a favourite tourist attraction as the canal boats work their way along the canal. The plaque on the bridge dates the work to 1800 or as it also says year 8, measuring time in the new republic. The bridge is named after the Battle of Marengo at which Napoleon defeated the Austrians in 1800. A little way down from the bridge the railway line crosses the canal and here there is a small plaque and garden commemorating the maquisards who were executed here by the Nazis.


Derg Bridge Halt railway station

Derg Bridge Halt railway station served Derg Bridge in County Donegal, Ireland.
The station opened on 2 December 1912 on the West Donegal Railway line from Stranorlar to Donegal.
It closed on 1 January 1960.


Rekola railway station

Rekola railway station (; ) is a Helsinki commuter rail station located in the district of Rekola in the city of Vantaa, Finland. It is located approximately from Helsinki Central railway station.
The Rekola station was moved to its current location in 1980, coinciding with the replacement of the Hanala station by the contemporary Koivukylä stop.


Peirspeed

Peirspeed is an American importer and distributor of parts for motor scooters. They previously had imported scooters from Taiwan-based TGB and an underbone motorcycle from Sachs Motorcycles. The TGB-sourced scooters were re-branded as "Peirspeed".


Lonsdale Quay

Lonsdale Quay is a SeaBus ferry terminal and major transit exchange that serves Metro Vancouver's North Shore municipalities. The quay is located in the city of North Vancouver. The BCIT Marine Campus and Lonsdale Quay Market are located within the vicinity of the quay.
History.
Lonsdale Quay opened in 1977 when the SeaBus service commenced between the quay and Waterfront station in Downtown Vancouver. Prior to the construction of the ferry terminal, the quay was the location of the North Van Ship Repair dock.
In 2016, it was announced that Lonsdale Quay, along with the Waterfront SeaBus terminal, would receive a $12.5 million upgrade. Construction was originally expected to begin in 2017 and to be completed by mid-2018; however, the project timeline had been pushed back. Construction began on April 29, 2019, and was fully completed in June 2020.
Services.
Lonsdale Quay's SeaBus service crosses Burrard Inlet to Waterfront station in Downtown Vancouver. From there, transit users can connect to other TransLink services, including the SkyTrain rapid transit system and the West Coast Express commuter train.
Security for the bus loop and SeaBus terminal is the responsibility of the Transit Security Department. Transit security officers can be found patrolling the bus loop and the SeaBus terminal. Transit security officers also conduct fare inspections on board the buses and within the Fare Paid Zone of the SeaBus terminal. North Vancouver Royal Canadian Mounted Police also patrol the bus loop and SeaBus terminal.
Station information.
Entrances.
The Lonsdale Quay SeaBus terminal is served by a single entrance at the south end of the bus exchange. Chadwick Court is the street closest to the entrance, though it also connects to the bus exchange.
Transit connections.
A covered bus loop is connected to Lonsdale Quay, from which passengers can board buses to Grouse Mountain, Lynn Valley, West Vancouver and other points of interest on the North Shore. Bus bay assignments are as follows:


Au ZH railway station

Au ZH railway station is a railway station in Switzerland, situated in the village of Au in the municipality of Wädenswil in the canton of Zürich. The station is located on the Lake Zürich left bank railway line, and is served by line S8 of the Zürich S-Bahn.


Xianshen River Bridge

The Xianshen River Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge near Jincheng, in Shanxi, China. The bridge is and is part of the G55 Erenhot–Guangzhou Expressway crossing the Xianshen River. The central pillar is high, placing it amongst the tallest bridges in the world.


Rokin metro station

Rokin is an Amsterdam Metro station on Line 52. It began service in July 2018 and is under the Rokin canal in Amsterdam, Netherlands.


Clady railway station

Clady railway station in County Donegal, Republic of Ireland served the village of Clady, County Tyrone in the United Kingdom.
The station opened on 7 September 1863 on the Finn Valley Railway line from Strabane to Stranorlar.
It closed on 1 January 1960.


Attanagh railway station

Attanagh railway station served the village of Attanagh in County Laois, Ireland.
The station opened on 1 March 1865. Passenger services were withdrawn on 1 January 1963 by CIÉ.
History.
Opened by the Kilkenny Junction Railway, by the beginning of the 20th century the station was run by the Great Southern and Western Railway. It was absorbed into the Great Southern Railways in 1925.
The station was then nationalised, passing on to Córas Iompair Éireann as a result of the Transport Act 1944 which took effect from 1 January 1945. It was closed in 1963.


Japan National Route 53

National Route 53 is a national highway of Japan connecting Okayama, Okayama and Tottori, Tottori.


AH6

Asian Highway 6 (AH6) is a route in the Asian Highway Network in Asia and Europe. It runs from Busan, South Korea (on ) to the border between Russia and Belarus. Altogether it is long.
For much of its Russian stretch, AH6 coincides with the unofficial Trans-Siberian Highway and, west of the Ural Mountains, with European route E30 of the International E-road network.


Crispiano railway station

Crispiano is a railway station in Crispiano, Italy. The station is located on the Bari–Martina Franca–Taranto railway. The train services are operated by Ferrovie del Sud Est.
Train services.
The station is served by the following service(s):


Malatesta (Rome Metro)

Malatesta is an underground station of Line C of the Rome Metro. The station is located at Piazza Roberto Malatesta (from which it takes the name). Construction works started in 2007 and were finished in January 2015. The station opened in June 2015.


Kallestadsundet Bridge

The Kallestadsundet Bridge is a bridge over the Veafjorden in Vaksdal municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The bridge links the mainland part of Vaksdal municipality to the part that lies on the island of Osterøy. The bridge lies about northwest of the village of Stamneshella. The bridge was opened in 1985 and it was the first bridge to connect Osterøy island to the mainland. In 1997, the Osterøy Bridge was opened for traffic, as the second bridge to Osterøy island.


Eastern Continental Trail

The Eastern Continental Trail (ECT) is a combination of North American long-distance hiking trails, from Key West, Florida to Belle Isle (Newfoundland and Labrador) a distance of , not including the Newfoundland section. A thru-hike on this system of trails requires almost a year to complete.
The first person to complete the ECT from Key West to Cap Gaspé, Quebec, was John Brinda from Washington state, in 1997.
From south to north, the route strings together the Florida Keys Overseas Heritage Trail, the Florida Trail, a walk in forests and along roads through southern Alabama, the Pinhoti National Recreation Trail and part of the Benton MacKaye Trail in Georgia, to reach the southern terminus of the Appalachian Trail at Springer Mountain. The Appalachian Trail connects with the International Appalachian Trail; through Maine, New Brunswick, Quebec, and Newfoundland.
The trail system was named by long-distance hiker M. J. Eberhart (trail name: Nimblewill Nomad).
Trails.
Trails listed in order from north to south.


Reggane Airport

Reggane Airport is a public use airport located 7 nm east of Reggane, Adrar, Algeria.


Sonchon Airport

Sonchon Airport is an airport near Sonchon, Pyongan-bukto, North Korea.
Facilities.
The airfield has a single concrete runway 14/32 measuring 1600 x 102 feet (488 x 31 m). It is a base for military helicopters of the 2nd Air Combat Division's air regiment.


Guildford bus station

Guildford bus station serves the town of Guildford, Surrey, England. The bus station, known as the Friary bus station is on the east side of the Friary Centre.
Guildford is served by many bus routes from Woking, Aldershot, Godalming and other local places in Surrey. The main bus station, which is the terminus for all routes heading into Guildford, is on Commercial Road (off North Street). It has 22 stands.
The bus station was refurbished in 2010. Guildford Borough Council and Surrey County Council have invested money in the improvement of the bus station.


Travelxp

Travel XP is an Indian pay television channel. It launched in 2011.
It was launched on 30 April 2018 in the UK as a free to air standard definition television service transmitted from the SES Astra 2G satellite at 28.2° East.
Programs.
Travel XP shoots on location around the world, producing HD and 4K programming.
Shows include Off the Grid, hosted by British TV Presenter Alex Outhwaite, as well as Backpack, World Spas, hosted by South African TV Presenter Jamie Srubis, World heritage, Food highway, Strictly Street, Foodicated and Thali-The Great Indian Meal, hosted by Rohan Patoley, Best of the Rest.


State Highway 33 (Kerala)

State Highway 33 (SH 33) is a State Highway in Kerala, India that starts in Thodupuzha and ends at Kumily road. The highway is 92.1 km long.
The Route Map.
Thodupuzha junction (SH 8) - Muttom - Kuruthikalam - Meenmutty - Painavu junction - Road to Idukki dam takes off - Kattappana junction - Puliyanmala - joins Munnar - Kumily road


Attymon halt

Attymon railway station () serves the townland of Attymon in County Galway, Ireland.
The station is on the Dublin to Galway Rail service. Passengers to or from Westport railway station travel to Athlone and change trains. Passengers to or from Limerick and Ennis travel to Athenry and change trains.
Description.
It is the smallest station on the Dublin-Galway line consisting of a single platform with no waiting room, just two shelters on the platform. The building at the station is boarded up and used as a store for the line maintenance crew. There is a small free-of-charge car park at the station and a ticket machine is located at the entrance to the platform.
Local requests for better service.
Residents of Attymon and the surrounding areas have made numerous requests to Iarnród Éireann to stop further trains in Attymon. On 26 April 2011, a protest numbering some two hundred local people took place at the next station to the east, Woodlawn. The local action group is requesting that Iarnród Éireann improve the eastbound service from the station by allowing a morning Galway to Dublin train to serve the station.
History.
Attymon Junction station opened on 1 December 1890.
The station used to link the Dublin-Galway line with a branch line to Loughrea. The line closed in 1975 and the link has been removed. A former railway preservation group called Westrail had hoped to reopen the line as a tourist line but failed to do so.
The station once had three platforms in operation. A former footbridge over the Galway-Dublin track, that joined two of the platforms, is now used by a Dublin city commuter railway station.


Provincial Highways of Sindh

The Provincial Highways of Sindh consists of all public highways maintained by Sindh province, Pakistan. The Sindh Highways Department under the Works & Services Department maintains over of roadways organised into various classifications which crisscross the province and provide access to major population centers. These are not to be confused with national highways which are federal roads maintained by the Government of Pakistan and the National Highway Authority.


Sabile Station

Sabile Station is a railway station on the Ventspils I – Tukums II Railway.


Jalan Kampung Bandar Dalam

Jalan Kampung Bandar Dalam, Federal Route 2 is a single carriageway federal road in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is a hidden route to Kuantan via Kuala Lumpur–Karak Highway.


Bridge of Sighs (Cambridge)

The Bridge of Sighs in Cambridge, England is a covered bridge at St John's College, Cambridge University. It was built in 1831 and crosses the River Cam between the college's Third Court and New Court. The architect was Henry Hutchinson.
It is named after the Bridge of Sighs in Venice, although they have little architecturally in common beyond the fact that they are both covered. The bridge, a Grade I listed building, is one of Cambridge's main tourist attractions and Queen Victoria is said to have loved it more than any other spot in the city.
History.
Until the early 19th century, all Cambridge colleges were located in the east side of the River Cam. St. Johns college (rapidly expanding at the time) became the first to add accommodation on the west side, an area known as the Backs, with the construction of the New Court. The new buildings and the bridge linking them with the original college buildings, were designed in 1827 by Henry Hutchinson in the fashionable Gothic Revival style. Construction was completed in 1831, shortly before his death.
On two separate occasions, students have pulled the prank of dangling a car under the bridge. In the first incident (in June 1963), a 1928 Austin 7 was punted down the river using four punts that had been lashed together, then hoisted up under the bridge using ropes. The second incident (in 1968) a Bond or Reliant Regal three-wheeler car was dangled under the bridge. In neither case was the bridge damaged.
The bridge was apparently a favourite spot of former Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew, having photos taken there when he was a student, in 1974 and 2000.
The bridge was a filming location for "" in 2007 and "The Theory of Everything" in 2014.


Bergün/Bravuogn railway station

Bergün/Bravuogn railway station is a railway station in the municipality of Bergün Filisur, in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. It is located on the Albula line of the Rhaetian Railway. Hourly services operate on this section of the line.
The "Bahnmuseum Albula" (Albula Railway Museum) is located at the station. The RhB Ge 6/6 #407 "crocodile" has been placed at its entrance.
Services.
The following services stop at Bergün/Bravuogn:


Shahid Bagheri Metro Station

Shahid Bagheri Metro Station is a station in Tehran Metro Line 2, in Iran. It is located in the junction of Resalat Expressway and Tehranpars Expressway. It is between Tehranpars Metro Station and Elm-o-Sanat University Metro Station.
This metro station has eight escalators and two elevators


Bloemendaal railway station

Bloemendaal railway station is located in Haarlem, on the border of Bloemendaal, the Netherlands. The station was opened on 1 May 1900 on the Haarlem–Uitgeest railway. The station has 2 platforms. The station building now serves as conference and meeting center.
Train services.
As of 9 December 2018, the following services call at Bloemendaal:


Jalan Maarof

Jalan Maarof is a major road in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
By the time this road received its name in 1959, the vicinity was already acknowledged as Kampung Ma'arof. Information extracted from street naming documents presents the person behind this name to be Ma'arof bin Malim (died 1944), who was an employee at the Bungsar Electric Power Station and presumably the headman of the village.


Quaking Bridge

Quaking Bridge is a bridge over the Castle Mill Stream in the city of Oxford, England. It connects to St Thomas' Street and Paradise Street and Tidmarsh Lane to the east. It is close to Oxford Castle, immediately to the east. To the north on the Castle Mill Stream are Pacey's Bridge and Hythe Bridge. To the south is Swan Bridge.
There has been a bridge at this location from at least the late 13th century. Quaking Bridge was first mentioned in 1297, but is probably much older. It crossed the Castle Mill Stream immediately west of Oxford Castle, on a road that connected Oxford and St Thomas's parish (hence St Thomas' Street here now) before the castle existed. The Canons of Oseney Abbey used it each day for services in St George's Chapel at the castle. The responsibility for the bridge's upkeep was meant to be that of the King. The bridge was originally wooden. In 1821, it had three arches and open timberwork acting as railings. The bridge was replaced with an iron one in 1835.
The name of the bridge may derive from its former unsafe condition.


Shamshernagar Airport

Shamshernagar Airport is a public use airport southeast of Moulvibazar, Bangladesh. It is operated by the Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh (CAAB). Due to the short length of the runway it is restricted to STOL aircraft. As of July 2015, no scheduled passenger flights serve the airport, but civil air operations are allowed with prior approval.
The U.S. 61st Air Service Group was based at Shamshernagar in the final months of World War II.
On 31 December 1970, a Fokker F-27 Friendship 200 of Pakistan International Airlines on approach to Shamshernagar crash-landed short of the runway, turned over to the right, and burned. Seven of the 31 passengers on board died.
According to East Pakistan Air Operations, 1971, during the Bangladesh Liberation War, Shamshernagar was the base of the first fighting formation of what would become the Bangladesh Air Force: a DC-3 Dakota, a DHC-3 Otter, and an Alouette III helicopter together known as "Kilo Force".
According to CAAB, currently airlines do not serve Shamshernagar because demand is too low for a route to be commercially viable without smaller aircraft than those the airlines operate. "The Independent" reported a senior CAAB official as saying, "If the airlines are not interested in using our airports, we can't force them to." The same official said a government subsidy could convince airlines to use Shamshernagar. As it is now, airport staff are paid without having to work.
Airlines and destination.
Currently there are no scheduled flights operated by any airlines.


Hnata Yury (Kyiv Light Rail)

Hnata Yury () is a station on the Kyiv Light Rail. It was opened in 1977.


Japanese minelayer Magane Maru

Magane Maru ("Japanese:" まがね丸) was an auxiliary minelayer, gunboat, and patrol boat of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II.
History.
"Magane Maru" was laid down on 14 December 1939 at the shipyard of Harima Zosensho at the behest of shipping company, Nihon Kaiun. She was launched on 15 June 1940 and completed 5 August 1940. On 5 September 1941, she was requisitioned by the Imperial Japanese Navy and converted to an auxiliary minelayer/gunboat under Reserve Lieutenant Maniwa Kenji (間庭建爾). Armaments mounted were 1 x 8 cm/40 3rd Year Type naval gun, 1 twin Type 93 machinegun () (based on the Hotchkiss M1929 machine gun), 1 Type 3 heavy machine gun, and 120 mines. In December 1941, she was assigned to Gunboat Division 10 of the 5th Fleet under Lieutenant Commandeer Sasaki Heiji (佐々木丙二)(). On 10 April 1942, she was detached from Gunboat Division 10 and attached to the Adak-Attu invasion force under Rear Admiral Sentarō Ōmori during the Aleutian Islands campaign. On 25 September 1942, she was reassigned to the Yokosuka Naval District. On 25 May 1943, Sasaki was replaced by Reserve Lieutenant Yamazaki Kiyoichi (山嵜來代一). On 18 September 1943, Yamazaki was replaced by Reserve Lieutenant Shigematsu Yoshioka (吉岡茂松).
On 24 January 1944, she was attacked and sunk by the American submarine about 175 miles northwest of Chichi Jima () (Japanese sources indicate ). She was struck from the Navy List on 10 March 1944.


M G Road, Bangalore

Mahatma Gandhi Road also known as M.G. Road is a road in Bengaluru, India. It runs east from Trinity circle at one end to Anil Kumble circle at the other. Known as South Parade in pre-independence era, it was renamed as Mahatma Gandhi Road on 26 February 1948.
M. G. Road is also one of the busiest roads in the city and is lined on one side with retail stores, food outlets, restaurants and many more. It has many office buildings, shops and theatres. It is also a home to many buildings and banks. There are two Metro stations on M. G. Road, the eponymous station and Trinity.
Presently, the M.G Road Boulevard is being reconstructed after construction of the MG Road Metro station was completed and services launched on 20 October 2011. The Bangalore Metro line that runs through MG Road, connects the eastern part of Bengaluru with the west.


Int. Exposition Metro Station (Mashhad Metro)

International Exposition Metro Station () is a station of Mashhad Metro Line 1. The station opened on 10 October 2011. It is located on Vakilabad Expressway.


Rumbula Station

Rumbula Station is a railway station on the Riga – Daugavpils Railway in Latvia.


Davos Wiesen railway station

Davos Wiesen railway station, formerly Wiesen, is a railway station in the municipality of Davos, in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. It is located on the Davos Platz–Filisur line. An hourly service operates on this line.
Services.
The following services stop at Davos Wiesen:
In the arts.
Station appears in the 2015 movie "Youth", directed by Paolo Sorrentino.


Jalan Kampung Acheh

Jalan Kampung Acheh (Perak state route A177) is a major road in Perak, Malaysia.


USCGC Storis (WMEC-38)

USCGC "Storis" (WAGL-38/WAG-38/WAGB-38/WMEC-38) was a light icebreaker and medium endurance cutter which served in the United States Coast Guard for 64 years and 5 months, making her the oldest vessel in commission with the Coast Guard fleet at the time of her decommissioning.
World War II.
The ship was laid down by the Toledo Shipbuilding Company of Toledo, Ohio, on 14 July 1941. "Storis" was launched on 4 April 1942 and commissioned on 30 September 1942 as an ice patrol tender. Initially assigned to the North Atlantic during World War II, "Storis" participated in the Greenland Patrols. She was tasked with patrolling the east coast of Greenland to prevent the establishment of German weather stations. During her first years, "Storis" operated in the very waters from which her name was derived. Originally to be named "Eskimo", the U.S. Department of State objected to the name of the new cutter on the basis that the natives of Greenland would be offended by the name. "Storis" is a Scandinavian word meaning "great ice."
On 10 June 1943, she began escorting convoy GS-24 from Narsarssuak to St. John's, Newfoundland, in company with the (flag), , , and , the convoy consisting of USAT "Fairfax" and . At 0510 on the 13th, dense black and yellow smoke was reported rising from the "Escanaba". She sank at 0513. "Storis" and "Raritan" were ordered to investigate and rescue survivors while the rest of the convoy began zigzagging and steering evasive courses to avoid submarines. At 0715 the two cutters returned, having rescued 2 survivors and found the body of Lt. Robert H. Prause, which was on the "Raritan". No explosion had been heard by the other escort vessels. The entire crew of 103 of the "Escanaba" was lost with the exception of these two men.
Post World War II career.
Following the war, the homeport of "Storis" was changed from Boston to Curtis Bay, Maryland. On 15 September 1948, "Storis" was reassigned to Juneau, Alaska where she participated in the Bering Sea Patrol, which entailed delivering medical, dental and judicial services to isolated native villages in the far reaches of the territory. At the same time, "Storis" assisted in establishing Alaskan LORAN radio-navigation stations, provided supplies for the Distant Early Warning Line and conducted hydrographic surveys in the uncharted waters off the Arctic.
On 1 July 1957, "Storis" departed in company with the Coast Guard Cutters and to search for a deep draft channel through the Arctic Ocean and to collect hydrographic information. Shortly after her return in late 1957, the "Storis" was reassigned to her new homeport of Kodiak, Alaska.
In 1972, "Storis" underwent a major renovation converting her from a light icebreaker to a medium endurance cutter. With the change in designation, there also came a change in primary duties. The primary functions of "Storis" shifted to enforcing laws and treaties of the domestic and foreign fisheries in the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska. "Storis" underwent another major maintenance overhaul in 1986 that replaced her power plant and expanded her living quarters to include a new berthing area for women and a lounge for the crew.
Media.
"Storis" participated in the rescue of the fishing vessel "Alaskan Monarch", off Saint Paul Island, in March 1990. Video of this incident often appears on TV shows such as "Deadliest Catch", to illustrate the dangers of working in Bering Sea waters. "Storis" also had a cameo in the 2006 film "The Guardian".
Decommissioning.
"Storis" was decommissioned in a ceremony in Kodiak on 8 February 2007. The cutter then sailed to Alameda, California, where it was made ready for its immediate destination as part of the "Mothball Fleet" at Suisun Bay.
In July 2012 the nomination of the "Storis" for listing on the National Register of Historic Places was accepted by the State of California. It was formally listed on the Register on 31 December 2012.
On 12 June 2013 the "Storis" was put up for public auction by the General Services Administration with a starting bid of US$60,000 after an unforeseen "procedural difficulty" ended negotiations with the Storis Museum. However the auction failed to reach its reserve price when the auction closed on 27 June 2013. The "Storis" was towed on 25 October 2013 from California to Mexico where the ship was scheduled to be scrapped.
See also.
Victor Mature


Maursund Tunnel

The Maursund Tunnel () is an undersea tunnel in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. The tunnel goes under the Maursundet strait connecting the mainland part of Nordreisa Municipality with the island of Kågen in Skjervøy Municipality. The long tunnel reaches a depth of below sea level and has a 10% grade in some parts of the tunnel. The tunnel, which was opened in 1991, and the nearby Skattørsundet Bridge connect the large village of Skjervøy to the mainland.


Affoltern am Albis railway station

Affoltern am Albis is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Zürich, situated in the municipality of Affoltern am Albis. The station is located on the Zürich to Zug via Affoltern am Albis railway line and is an intermediate stop on Zürich S-Bahn line S5, as well as being the terminus of line S14.
Affoltern am Albis station is less than 30 minutes from Zürich Hauptbahnhof. On the Zug side there are three sidings, which are rarely used, and a former siding from the "OVA" site. The old station with its two platform tracks was completely rebuilt in 2001. The level crossing at the OVA site was abolished and replaced by a bicycle and passenger underpass. The station received a third platform track and all buildings were replaced. The station forecourt was rebuilt and a bus station was built. The integrated bus terminal has eight stops for the provisional six bus routes to the region as well as to Cham, Zürich, Muri and Thalwil. In September 2002, the current station was inaugurated with a festival.
External links.
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Bedum railway station

Bedum is a railway station located in Bedum, Netherlands. The station was opened on 15 June 1884 and is located on the Groningen–Delfzijl railway. The services are currently operated by Arriva.
Train service.
The following services currently call at Bedum:


Creeslough railway station

Creeslough railway station served the village of Creeslough in County Donegal, Ireland.
The station opened on 9 March 1903 when the Londonderry and Lough Swilly Railway opened their Letterkenny and Burtonport Extension Railway, from Letterkenny to Burtonport. It closed on 3 June 1940 when the LLSR closed the line from Tooban Junction to Burtonport in an effort to save money.


Beaulard railway station

Beaulard () is a railway station in Beaulard, Piedmont, Italy. The station is located on the Turin-Modane railway and the train services are operated by Trenitalia.
Train services.
The station is served by the following services:


Ede Centrum railway station

Ede Centrum is a railway station located in Ede, Netherlands. The station was opened on 1 May 1902 and is located on the Nijkerk–Ede-Wageningen railway. The station closed on 7 September 1944 and re-opened 20 May 1951. Connexxion took over the train services on this line from Nederlandse Spoorwegen on 10 December 2006, under the brand "Valleilijn".
Train services.
, the following local train services call at this station:


Genuine Scooters

Genuine Scooters, or The Genuine Scooter Company is a Chicago-based manufacturer of motorscooters, notably the Stella and Buddy models. The company markets scooters and accessories through a network of over 240 dealers in the United States, and in 2018 began selling a 400cc air-cooled, single-cylinder motorcycle under a sister brand, Genuine Motorcycles.
History.
Founded in 2002, the company was an extension of the vintage scooter business, Scooterworks USA, which sold vintage Vespa and Lambretta scooters via a mail-order catalog featuring scooter parts and accessories. Scooterworks USA continues and specializes in aftermarket parts and accessories for Genuine, Vespa, Honda, Yamaha, and other scooter brands and parts for Chinese scooters.
Genuine Scooters' first model was the model year 2002 4-speed manual two-stroke 150cc "Stella" model, manufactured by LML in India. The Stella was successful, and in 2006 the company began a relationship with PGO Scooters, a Taiwanese manufacturer. Genuine developed the "Buddy", an automatic scooter with a CVT. The Buddy features several engine sizes and versions ranging from 49cc, licensed as a moped in many US states, to 170cc with fuel injection. Later introductions were the Rattler 110 (since discontinued) and Roughhouse 50, designed more aggressively than the previous classic designs, and the Blur 220i (since discontinued), a scooter with a higher-powered fuel injected engine capable of maintaining expressway speeds. In 2010, Genuine introduced a version of the Stella with a redesigned 150cc four-stroke engine compliant with California emissions standards, and a 170cc version of the Buddy with fuel injection instead of a carburetor. Following these introductions, and as a result of the economic crash of 2008, it received additional capitalization through investment banker Livingstone Partners. In 2014, the Stella 125 Automatic was introduced, the first Stella with an automatic (CVT) transmission and a newly redesigned high output 125cc engine.
From time to time, Genuine produces special limited-edition scooters. These include a "GB150" version of the Stella with British-themed trim, a Black Cat Fireworks scooter similar to the Roughhouse, a high-performance "Psycho" Buddy 125, A high performance Riot Buddy 50 and Buddy 125, and (in conjunction with neighboring Ferrara Pan Candy Company) the Atomic Fireball Stella and a Lemonhead Buddy 50. In late 2015 they introduced the special diamond edition 10-Year Anniversary Buddy 50 & 125, celebrating ten years of Buddy.
In 2015, a second sister scooter company was created, "Chicago Scooter Company" to offer a value based line of scooters to compete with the lower priced Chinese scooters in the market. As of 2019, their two models are the "go." and "go. MAX", both 50cc 4T based scooters.
Products.
Genuine Scooters features the following scooters in its product line as of January 2019:
Genuine Motorcycles as of January 2019:


Chris Kemp

Chris C. Kemp is an American information technology executive.
His career included leading IT at the NASA Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California, and as NASA's first chief technology officer (CTO) for IT.
Kemp is known for his role in OpenStack, an open-source software project for cloud computing. He was a founder of Nebula, a company which tried to commercialize the technology, from 2011 to 2015.
Early life.
While studying Computer Engineering at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, he founded Netran, a company that operated an online grocery shopping service for Kroger. Kemp served as CEO and president of Netran from 1997 to 2000. At the age of 21, Kemp sold his first business and joined Classmates.com as its chief architect. In 2002, Kemp founded Escapia, after trying to rent a beach house on the Internet. Kemp served as CEO and president of Escapia from 2002–2006. Escapia was sold to HomeAway in 2010.
NASA career.
Kemp joined NASA in 2006 as director of strategic business development at the Ames Research Center in Silicon Valley where he helped forge a partnership with Google. In 2007, he was appointed chief information officer (CIO), making him responsible for most of the IT infrastructure at NASA Ames (networks, datacenters, systems, etc.), and several NASA-wide services, including the NASA Security Operations Center (SOC). As CIO, Kemp established a partnership with Microsoft.
Unlike traditional government procurements, where the government gave money to private companies, Kemp structured unique public-private partnerships with both Google and Microsoft that provided his team at NASA millions of dollars of funding to offset the costs of making several amounts of data available in Google Earth and Microsoft Worldwide Telescope.
Inspired by the infrastructures at Google, Kemp then assembled and led of a team of NASA contractors with the goal of enabling NASA to "leverage the web as a platform and take the lead in open, transparent and participatory space exploration and government". The project to carry forward this goal at NASA Ames was called the Nebula Cloud Computing Pilot.
Kemp's cloud project at NASA drew the attention of the Obama Administration, and Kemp received a call from the first federal chief information officer, Vivek Kundra. Kundra asked Kemp to host the unveiling of the United States Cloud Computing Strategy and to work on one of the federal government's first major cloud initiatives, www.usaspending.gov, a website that tracks all spending from the US government. Kemp and the Nebula team launched the site, which is still hosted on NASA's cloud infrastructure.
In March 2010, Kemp was appointed as the first NASA chief technology officer for information technology. Kemp was responsible for the agency's Enterprise Architecture division and for introducing new and emerging technologies into IT planning and implementation. He was an outspoken advocate for the use of open-source software in the Federal Government.
While NASA has been a pioneer in open-source, Kemp was responsible for the first open-source release under the Apache 2.0 license framework, the Nova cloud computing controller. As CTO, Kemp also pioneered the use of NASA's unique public-private partnership authority to introduce new technologies into NASA.
Rackspace discovered NASA's open-source code and contacted Kemp to determine if NASA was interested in partnering together to form a project called OpenStack. Launched in July 2010, OpenStack is an open-source cloud computing platform based code from Kemp's team as NASA, in collaboration with Rackspace.
Mid-2010, Kemp received the Federal Computer Week "Federal 100" and CIO Magazine's "CIO 100" awards for his work as chief information officer at NASA Ames Research Center in 2009.
On March 14, 2011, Kemp announced his resignation as NASA's chief technology officer for IT.
Nebula.
On March 25, 2011, Kemp incorporated Fourth Paradigm Development, Inc. with entrepreneur Steve O'Hara and former colleague Devin Carlen. It would later change its name to Nebula.
In April 2012, NASA shut down its Nebula project, after a test showed that similar offerings from the private sector were more reliable and cost-effective.
In February 2013, "Silicon India" named Kemp as one of ten pioneers in cloud computing. Kemp was initially in the CEO position but after a year, Kemp became the Chief Strategy Officer while Gordon Stitt stepped into the vacated role, with an eye toward bringing the company public. In April 2015, the company ceased operations abruptly (without warning its customers in advance or providing support until service contracts ended).
Astra.
In October 2016, Kemp, together with Adam London, founded a startup company Astra that aims to develop its own small-lift orbital rocket.


Naanu Mattu Varalakshmi

Naanu Mattu Varalakshmi () is a 2016 Indian Kannada-language action film written and directed by Preetham Gubbi and produced by Jayanna-Bhogendra. It stars Prithvi, the grandson of musician G. K. Venkatesh in his debut, and Malavika Mohanan in her Kannada debut. Prakash Raj, Madhoo, Charandeep and Rangayana Raghu play supporting roles. The music is composed by V. Harikrishna. The film was released on 16 December 2016.
Production.
Development and casting.
After the debacle of "Boxer" in 2015, director-writer [[Preetham teamed up yet again with the producers Jayanna-Bhogendra duo and took motocross racing as the theme for his next directorial venture. For this film, he roped in six national champions, including a couple of them with international acclaim. He also hired Vijaykumar, a professional motocross racer of many international awards, as a team coach to help with the proceedings. For the lead roles, he selected the fresh faces Prithvi and Malayalam actress [[Malavika Mohanan]]. Prithvi, the grandson of music director [[G. K. Venkatesh]], is an engineering graduate and is trained in acting, stunts and dancing. [[Charandeep]] was chosen to play the antagonist as another race who is an opponent to Prithvi. [[Prakash Raj]] was hired to play the trainer role and father of Charandeep.
Shooting.
The principal photography of the film officially began from 15 December 2015 in Bangalore behind "[[Manyata Tech Park]]" where a race track was being set up for the shoot. The crew consisted of some technically professional racers whom Preetham wanted the scene to "look authentic, since it is a tough sport and any cover-up by the technical team will show upfront." The first schedule of filming ended at [[Ooty]]. For the climax portions, Preetham chose to shoot in [[Sri Lanka]] where two tracks are meant for the bike races.
Soundtrack.
The soundtrack is composed by [[V. Harikrishna]]. The audio of the film is scheduled to release on 24 July 2016.
External links.
[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Films scored by V. Harikrishna]]
[[Category:Motorcycle racing films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ooty]]
[[Category:Indian road movies]]
[[Category:Indian chase films]]
[[Category:2010s Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Preetham Gubbi]]
[[Category:2016 action films]]
[[Category:2010s chase films]]
[[Category:2010s road movies]]


Chongzun Expressway

Chongzun Expressway (Simplified Chinese:崇遵高速公路, Traditional Chinese:崇遵高速公路) connects Chongxihe, Tongzi County and Zunyi City in the Chinese province of Guizhou. It is part of Lanhai Expressway.


Yuchang Highway

Yuchang Highway is a section of Provincial Highway 30, started from Yuli, Hualien and ended in Changbin, Taitung. This highway passes through Hai'an Range from pacific coast to Huatung Valley.
The Yuchang Tunnel passes Hai'an Range and its length is 2660 metres.


Battle of the Overpass

The Battle of the Overpass was an incident on May 26, 1937, in which Walter Reuther and members of the United Auto Workers (UAW) clashed with Ford Motor Company security guards at the River Rouge Plant complex in Dearborn, Michigan. After images of the incident were released to the public, support for Henry Ford and his company greatly decreased.
Leaflet campaign.
The UAW had planned a leaflet campaign entitled, "Unionism, Not Fordism", at the pedestrian overpass over Miller Road at Gate 4 of the River Rouge Plant complex. Demanding an $8 (equivalent to $ today) six-hour day for workers, in contrast to the $6 (equivalent to $ today) eight-hour day then in place, the campaign was planned for shift change time, with an expected 9,000 workers both entering and leaving the plant.
Ford security force response.
At approximately 2 p.m., several of the leading UAW union organizers, including Walter Reuther and Richard Frankensteen, were asked by a "Detroit News" photographer, James R. (Scotty) Kilpatrick, to pose for a picture on the overpass, with the Ford sign in the background. While they were posing, men from Ford's Service Department, an internal security force under the direction of Harry Bennett, came from behind and began to beat them. The number of attackers is disputed, but may have been as many as forty.
Beatings.
Frankensteen had his jacket pulled over his head and was kicked and punched. Reuther described some of the treatment he received:
Seven times they raised me off the concrete and slammed me down on it. They pinned my arms . . . and I was punched and kicked and dragged by my feet to the stairway, thrown down the first flight of steps, picked up, slammed down on the platform and kicked down the second flight. On the ground they beat and kicked me some more. . .
One union organizer, Richard Merriweather, suffered a broken back as the result of the beating he received.
Aftermath.
Photographs.
The security forces mob also attempted to destroy photographic plates, but the "Detroit News" photographer James R. Kilpatrick hid the photographic plates under the back seat of his car, and surrendered useless plates he had on his front seat. News and photos of the brutal attack made headlines in newspapers across the country.
Ford.
In spite of the photographs, and many witnesses who had heard his men specifically seek out Frankensteen and Reuther, security director Bennett claimed — "The affair was deliberately provoked by union officials. . . . They simply wanted to trump up a charge of Ford brutality. ... I know definitely no Ford service man or plant police were involved in any way in the fight."
UAW.
The incident greatly increased support for the UAW and hurt Ford's reputation. Bennett and Ford were chastised by the National Labor Relations Board for their actions. Three years later Ford signed a contract with the UAW.
A partially fictitious account of these events appear in Upton Sinclair's book, "The Flivver King".


Japanese gunboat Katata

 was a river gunboat of the Imperial Japanese Navy, part of the 11th Gunboat "Sentai", that operated on the Yangtze River in China during the 1920s, and during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II.
Background.
"Katata" was the second of the river gunboats built under the 1920 Fleet Building Program of the Imperial Japanese Navy for operations on the inland waterways of China.
Design.
The basic design of "Katata" was modeled after that of the gunboat , with the same general dimensions and layout. "Katata" had a hull with an overall length of and width of , with a normal displacement of 338 tons and draft of . She was propelled by two reciprocating engines with two Kampon boilers driving three shafts, producing and had a top speed of 16 knots.
The ship was initially armed with two /28 cal. guns and six 7.7mm machine guns.
Service record.
" Katata " was laid down on 29 April 1922 and launched 16 July 1922 at the Harima Shipyards at Aioi, Hyogo, Japan. As the design was incapable of open ocean sailing, she was then broken down into sections and shipped to the Tunghwa Shipyard in Shanghai, where she was reassembled and completed on 20 October 1923. She was assigned to patrols of the Yangtze River from Shanghai to the Three Gorges, for commerce protection and as a show of force in protection of Japanese nationals and economic interests through the rest of the 1920s and early 1930s. "Katata" was commanded by Lieutenant Commander Masatomi Kimura from January to September 1932.
With the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War, "Katata" was based in Shanghai, and was used to evacuate Japanese residents from the interior of China. During the Battle of Shanghai, "Katata " bombarded Chinese positions at Shanghai on 13 August 1937. She also helped assist in the evacuation of 20,000 of Shanghai’s 30,000 Japanese civilian residents, and covered the landings of the Imperial Japanese Army’s 3rd Division, 8th Division and 11th Divisions north of Shanghai.
Around 1940, "Katata" was refitted with two 3.1-in/40 cal anti-aircraft guns and five 13.2 mm Hotchkiss machine guns. She was assigned to the First China Expeditionary Fleet in December 1941. On 22 June 1942, she participated in “Operation SE” and was assigned to the Tung Ting Lake task force with gunboats and . Around the end of 1943, her anti-aircraft weaponry was further upgraded with the replacement of the five Hotchkiss machine guns with six Type 96 AA guns.
On 12 December 1944 USAAF aircraft bombed and damaged "Katata" near Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province at (she was possibly sunk and salvaged). She was towed to Shanghai and stripped of her armament in early 1945 to help bolster the land-based defenses. The hulk was bombed by USAAF P-51 Mustang fighters on 2 April 1945 and remained wrecked to the surrender of Japan.
The wreck was given to the Republic of China as war reparations in 1946 and scrapped some time later. She was officially removed from the navy list on 3 May 1947.


Rojas Magallanes metro station

Rojas Magallanes is an elevated metro station on the Line 4 of the Santiago Metro, in Santiago, Chile. The station has two side platforms and two tracks on a precast concrete segmental viaduct with single central columns. It is enclosed in a tubular structure with elliptical cross section, from which protrude two balcony-like structures containing stairs that lead to the mezzanine level.
The station was opened on 30 November 2005 as part of the inaugural section of the line between Vicente Valdés and Plaza de Puente Alto.


Marine Way Bridge

The Marine Way Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge in Southport, England.
The bridge was designed by Babtie (now part of Jacobs) with architect Nicol Russell Studios, and was built by Balfour Beatty to replace a cast iron bridge that closed in 1990. With a main span of , and a total length of , it opened for traffic on 17 May 2004.
It was officially opened by Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex and Sophie, Countess of Wessex on 19 July 2004.


Sundklakkstraumen Bridge

The Sundklakkstraumen Bridge () is a cantilever road bridge that crosses the Sundklakkstraumen strait between the islands of Gimsøya (in the municipality of Vågan) and Vestvågøya (in the municipality of Vestvågøy) in Nordland county, Norway. The bridge is long and the main span is long. The Sundklakkstraumen Bridge was opened in 1976 and it is one of many bridges that connect the islands of the Lofoten archipelago via the European route E10 highway.


IHI Corporation F7

The IHI Corporation F7 is a small turbofan engine developed specifically for the Kawasaki P-1 maritime patrol aircraft by IHI Corporation.
Development.
IHI started development work on the high bypass ratio turbofan engine in 1998, based on the low bypass ratio engine XF5-1. and the first prototype XF7-1 was tested from 2000 to 2002. The flight test XF7-10's testing started in 2002.
XF7-10's PFRT (Preliminary Flight Rating Test) started in second quarter 2002, and was completed August 2007 before the XP-1 first flight. PFRT was based on the Military Specification MIL-E-5007D and the original standard about the FADEC system.
Take off thrust is , bypass ratio is 8.2, and SFC is 0.34 kg/h/daN.
Exhaust emission is under the ICAO's standard, NOx is 54%, CO is 33%, UHC is 0.5%, smoke is 74% when standard is 100%.
Strong alloy materials were selected for high corrosion resistance in salt environments, and a sound absorbing panel is mounted.
Noise level is 5~10dB lower than P-3's T56, measurements is 76 dB when idling, 70.6 dB at take off.
P-1's F7-10 is installed thrust reversal with GE's cowl opening systems.


Domat/Ems railway station

Domat/Ems railway station is a railway station in Domat/Ems, Switzerland. It is located on the Landquart–Thusis line of the Rhaetian Railway.
Services.
The following services stop at Domat/Ems:


Cavan railway station

Cavan railway station in Swellan in Cavan Town was a former station on the Inny Junction to Cavan branch of the Midland Great Western Railway, Ireland. The station now houses the offices of The Anglo-Celt Newspaper.
The Clones and Cavan Extension Railway was an extension of the Ulster Railway from Clones in County Monaghan to Cavan opened in 1862. The station in Cavan was opened firstly by the Midland Great Western Railway with trains to Dublin Broadstone. However the Ulster Railway also sought to link Cavan with Belfast Great Victoria Street.


Guarda railway station

Guarda railway station () is a railway station in the village of Guarda, within the municipality of Scuol, in the Swiss canton of Grisons. It is an intermediate stop on the gauge Bever–Scuol-Tarasp line of the Rhaetian Railway.
Services.
The following services stop at Guarda: