Edmund Ruffin

Edmund Ruffin, III (January 5, 1794 – June 18, 1865) was a wealthy Virginia planter who served in the Virginia Senate from 1823 to 1827. In the last three decades before the American Civil War, his pro-slavery writings received more attention than his agricultural work. Ruffin, a slaveholder, staunchly advocated states' rights and slavery, arguing for secession years before the Civil War, and became a political activist with the so-called Fire-Eaters. Ruffin is given credit for "firing the first shot of the war" at the Battle of Fort Sumter in April 1861 and fought as a Confederate soldier despite his advanced age. When the war ended in Southern defeat in 1865, he committed suicide rather than submit to "Yankee rule."
Ruffin is also known his pioneering work in methods to preserve and improve soil productivity. He recommended crop rotation and additions to restore soils exhausted from tobacco monoculture. Early in his career, he studied bogs and swamps to learn how to correct soil acidity. He published essays and, in 1832, a book on his findings for improving soils. He has since become known as "the father of soil science" in the United States.
Early and family life.
Ruffin was born on January 5, 1794, at Evergreen Plantation just east of Hopewell in Prince George County, Virginia. A descendant of William Randolph, he was born into Virginia's planter class aristocracy and inherited large tracts of land along the James River. His father was George Ruffin (1765-1810) and Edmund was named after his grandfather, Edmund Ruffin (1744-1807), who represented Prince George County in the Virginia House of Delegates during the American Revolutionary War (1775-1778, 1782-1788). He received a private education suitable to his class, then attended the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia.
In 1813, Ruffin married Susan Hutchings Travis of Williamsburg. The couple moved to a plantation that Ruffin inherited from his namesake grandfather, at Coggin's Point, along the James River in Prince George County, which was noted as the departure point of Benedict Arnold after he switched allegiances and raided along the James River (including Richmond) in 1781. They had eleven children before Susan Ruffin died in 1846, although most would die before the American Civil War ended and their father committed suicide: Edmund Ruffin Jr. (1814-1875), Agnes Ruffin Beckwith (1816–1865), Julian Calx Ruffin (1821–1864, who died at the Battle of Drewry's Bluff), Elizabeth Ruffin Sayre (1821–1860), Rebecca Ruffin Bland (1823–1855), Jane Ruffin Dupuy (1829–1855), Charles Lorraine Ruffin (1832–1870; VMI graduate who survived the war), Ella Ruffin (1832–1855), Ann Ruffin (1844–1863) and George Champion Ruffin (1845-1913).
Antebellum life.
Soldier.
Ruffin enlisted as a private in the Virginia Militia during the War of 1812, and served as secretary of the 4th Virginia Infantry, but did not experience battle. Decades later he enlisted in the Palmetto Guards of South Carolina.
Planter and intellectual.
Ruffin, like many other plantation owners in Virginia, farmed using enslaved labor. He owned several plantations including Coggins Point and Shellbanks in Prince George. In 1820, he owned 52 enslaved negroes and mulattoes in Prince George county, which number had grown by 1830 to 86 enslaved people, and by 1840 grew to 96 enslaved people. The 1850 census was the first with separate slave schedules, and by then Edmund Ruffin owned 84 enslaved people in Prince George county,
 and 41 enslaved people in Hanover County, Virginia. In the 1860 census, 31 slaves of Edmund Ruffin were leased to someone in Charles City county, his sons Edmund Ruffin Jr. and J. C. Ruffin owned 95 slaves and 22 slaves, respectively in Prince George county, and probably Edmund owned additional slaves in Hanover County.
In his twenties, Ruffin began experimenting with using marl to rejuvenate the soil on his land that had been worn out by more than a century of monoculture of tobacco, a crop which consumes many nutrients from the soil. An educated man, Ruffin was interested in agricultural science but did not like farming or supervising slaves and in 1835 moved from his plantation in Prince George to the City of Petersburg becoming an absentee landowner, leaving the day to day management of his plantations and supervision of slaves to overseers. In 1843, Ruffin purchased another plantation, Marlbourne, in Hanover County near Richmond, in the Virginia Tidewater. Tobacco had long been cultivated on the land and the soil was exhausted, so Ruffin became a serious agronomist and a pioneer in promoting conservation and soil rejuvenation.
Ruffin became one of a circle of intellectuals who worked to change various aspects of Southern life. His colleagues included Nathaniel Beverley Tucker, George Frederick Holmes, James Henry Hammond, and William Gilmore Simms. Their interests spanned Southern society. For example, Ruffin edited writings of William Byrd of Westover Plantation "The Westover Manuscripts, containing a history of the dividing line twixt Virginia and North Carolina: a Journey to the Land of Eden A.D. 1733 and a Progress to the Mines." (Published in Petersburg, Virginia in 1841 and in Albany, New York in 2 volumes in 1866). Many in the group argued "stewardship" justified slavery, influenced by the evangelical tradition that generated reform in the North as well, and published their recommendations and "jeremiads" in short-lived periodicals and felt unjustly neglected by fellow Southerners.
For a time in the 1840s, Ruffin was editor of the "Farmers Register". He did serious studies of the possibility of using lime to raise pH in peat soils. Ruffin presented a paper, later expanded into an article for "American Farmer" and eventually into the highly influential book "An Essay on Calcareous Manures" (1852). He explained how applications of calcareous earths (marl) had reduced soil acidity and improved yields of mixed crops of corn and wheat on his land, which had been worn out by two centuries of tobacco farming. These works and others have led to his being called the "father of soil science" in modern times.
During the pre-war years, Ruffin also studied the origin of bogs and published several detailed descriptions of the Dismal and Blackwater swamps in Virginia. Some now consider Ruffin better known for his substantive contributions to agriculture, rather than his claim to have fired the first shot of the Civil War at Fort Sumter. However, his advice on the value of marl was not widely followed in his own time. In an 1852 address, he warned planters that not paying attention to their soil could lead to ruin, and the South suffered from exhausted soils after the Civil War.
Slavery activist.
Ruffin strongly supported slavery and what he considered the Southern way of life. He became increasingly outspoken as sectional hostilities heightened in the 1850s. Some called him a Fire Eater because he advocated secession and armed conflict in defense of the South. Noting how his audience had changed, he wrote in his diary in January 1859, "I have had more notice taken on my late pamphlet [on slavery] than on anything I ever wrote before."
In 1859, Ruffin traveled to attend the execution of John Brown at Charles Town, Virginia (now West Virginia), following the abolitionist's abortive slave revolt at Harper's Ferry earlier that year. To gain access to the event, Ruffin joined the Virginia Military Institute corps of cadets (from which his son had graduated). Wearing a borrowed overcoat and carrying a weapon; the aging, white-haired secessionist marched into Charles Town with the young cadets who had been ordered up from Lexington. Ruffin would soon purchase several of the pikes captured from Brown and his forces, which had been intended to arm slaves in a general uprising. Ruffin sent a pike to each of the governors of the slave-holding states as proof of violent Northern enmity against the South and slavery.
In 1860, Ruffin published his book, "Anticipations of the Future, to Serve as Lessons for the Present Time". Written in the form of letters to the "London Times" from 1864 to 1870 from a fictional English resident in the United States, he played out the result of the election of Republican candidates in the United States. He predicted an American civil war in 1868 following the re-election of President William H. Seward, which would ultimately result in a victory for Southern states. Although most of his predictions were wrong, Ruffin did correctly predict that the war would start with a Southern attack on Fort Sumter in South Carolina.
Civil War.
After the election of Abraham Lincoln as president in 1860, Ruffin traveled to South Carolina, where he had previously worked as an agronomist, hoping to encourage secession (perhaps because, as Swanberg says, his fellow Virginians found his views too extreme). He wrote to his son, "The time since I have been here has been the happiest of my life." Ruffin is credited with firing one of the first shots from Morris Island against the federally held Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861, which is generally considered the military event that initiated the war; the actual first shot against Fort Sumter was a signal shot by Lt. Henry S. Farley from Fort Johnson under the command of Captain George S. James. Ruffin was also the first person to enter Fort Sumter after it fell to Southern forces.
During the Civil War, his grandson Julian Beckwith was one of the first Petersburg Confederate soldiers to fall during the Battle of Seven Pines on May 31, 1862. As Union forces threatened Richmond the next summer, Ruffin left Marlbourne for Beechwood, the Prince George County home of his son, Edmund Ruffin Jr. In June 1864, after the Army of the Potomac under General Ulysses S. Grant stealthily crossed the James River into Prince George over a hastily constructed pontoon bridge a few miles east of Beechwood at Flowerdew Hundred, Ruffin allegedly escaped capture by hiding under a load of hay in a wagon driven by one of his slaves. He fled west to the relative safety of another son's plantation home, Redmoor, in Confederate-held territory west of Petersburg in Amelia County. Several of Ruffin's plantations were occupied and plundered by Union forces during the war. His plantation on Coggins Point was the scene of the Beefsteak Raid during the Siege of Petersburg.
Death and legacy.
When the war ended with Confederate defeat, Ruffin, who had already suffered the loss of his wife and eight of his eleven children, was crushed. Increasingly despondent after the surrender of Robert E. Lee at Appomattox Court House in 1865, along with the other surrenders that were to follow, Ruffin decided to commit suicide. On June 18, 1865, while staying with his son and daughter-in-law at Redmoor in Amelia County, Ruffin went up to his room with a rifle and a forked stick. He was called away to greet visitors at the front door.
After they left, Ruffin returned to write a final diary entry:
And now with my latest writing and utterance, and with what will [be] near to my latest breath, I here repeat, & would willingly proclaim, my unmitigated hatred to Yankee rule—to all political, social and business connections with Yankees, & to the perfidious, malignant, & vile Yankee race.
Ruffin wrapped himself in a Confederate flag, put the rifle muzzle in his mouth and used the forked stick to manipulate the trigger. The percussion cap went off without firing the rifle, and the noise alerted Ruffin's daughter-in-law. However, by the time she and his son reached his room, Ruffin had reloaded the rifle and fired a fatal shot. Edmund Jr. and neighbor William H. Harrison transported his body to Marlbourne, his plantation in Hanover County, Virginia, for burial.
Both Evergreen (Hopewell, Virginia), the plantation house which his father built in 1807 on the plantation on which Edmund was born, and the Edmund Ruffin Plantation (also known as Marlbourne), remain today and are designated as National Historic Landmarks. Ruffin is often called the "father of soil science" in the United States, and his writings have been influential in soil conservation.
Date of death uncertainty.
Ruffin had long proven himself to be a dedicated diarist. He posted three diary entries on the day of his suicide indicating that day to be June 18, which fell on Sunday. Nevertheless, the date was drawn into question by his son Edmund Jr.’s June 20 letter advising brothers George and Thomas of the death. Edmund Jr.’s letter, which surfaced in 1924, unambiguously related the death to have occurred “Saturday last at 12 1/2 o’clock” which was June 17. Biographers Allmendinger and Scarborough extensively reviewed Ruffin’s diary entries and the son’s letter, as well as the circumstances of burial and newspaper publication of the death, and they have debated the case to be made for the 17th and the 18th dates. They have both concluded June 17 to be the more probable date of death, and that Ruffin had become confused and erred in dating his final diary entries.


Controguerra DOC


Viola Cooperative Creamery

The Viola Creamery is a rural building on the National Register of Historic Places in Viola, Minnesota, United States. It was designed by architect Harold Crawford and in built in 1924.
History.
This brick building replaced the previous creamery, a wood-frame building which burned down in the winter of 1923. The creamery produced specialty butter used in restaurants as distant as New York City.
In 1947, the last shipment of butter stamped "Viola Creamery Specials" left the creamery destined for Chicago. During World War II, higher demand and competition for refrigerated milk trucks made larger creameries viable. Most smaller specialty creameries were forced to close.
Between 1946 and 1961, the creamery was used for various purposes, including a cabinet-making shop and a boat-building business.
In 1961, the creamery was purchased and used to produce honey, handling every step of the process from hive to jar. This business operated until it was closed down by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1987.
Between 1987 and 1998, the creamery remained vacant and slowly deteriorated. Vandals began to destroy the building. Windows were broken out and the 12-foot-tall cupola was stolen from the roof. Because of the gaping hole left behind, hundreds of pigeons took over the second level of the building and mice inhabited the rest.
In August 1998, the creamery was purchased by Don Helgerson, a bricklayer by trade. He began to restore the creamery to its original condition and had it placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.
In 2002, the creamery was renovated into a fine-dining restaurant, the Viola Creamery Steakhouse, which closed three years later in the winter of 2005.
In April 2007, the creamery was purchased and converted into a single-family residential home.


Colline Lucchesi

Colline Lucchesi is a denominazione di origine controllata (DOC) for wine, created in 1968, that is located in northern Tuscany, Italy, and centered near the commune of Lucca.
Geography.
This DOC is broken into two near but nonadjacent areas that envelop Lucca and are separated by the Serchio River. The western (and larger) portion of the DOC reaches Pescaglia in the north and Massarosa to the west, while the eastern portion of the DOC abuts Pescia to the east, Villa Basilica to the north and Capannori and Porcari to the south.
The soil of Colline Lucchesi is often composed of clay mixed with gravel, and many of the parcels in this area favor the production of Merlot. Both sections of the DOC are at the foot of the Apennine Mountains.
History.
The wine has a long history; based on medieval records, it is known that the wine of this region was favored by the medieval lords of Lucca, Florence and Pisa. Recognition of the denomination of origin wines "Colline Lucchesi" and revocation of designation of origin of wines of “Rosso delle Colline Lucchesi” or “Colline Lucchesi rosso” and “Bianco delle Colline Lucchesi” or “Colline Lucchesi bianco” was granted in 1997.
DOC Regulations.
Colline Lucchesi is allowed to make bianco and rosso styles of wine, as well as certain varietal wines and vin santo. The bianco blend is allowed to be complex and flexible, but is Trebbiano dominated. It is 45% to 70% Trebbiano Toscano; up to 45% Greco, Grechetto, Vermentino and/or Malvasia; up to 30% Chardonnay and/or Sauvignon blanc and up to 15% other white varieties.
The DOC also allows two white varietal wines, Vermentino and Sauvignon Blanc. These varietal wines must have at least 85% of the variety stated on the bottle (e.g., Colline Lucchesi Sauvignon blanc).
The rosso blend is Sangiovese-dominated, and is composed of between 45% and 70% Sangiovese, up to 30% Canaiolo and/or Ciliegiolo, up to 15% Merlot and up to 15% other grape varieties, such as Vermentino nero, with Aleatico and Moscato only allowed to reach 5% of the blend. Like the bianco wines, the DOC allows two varietal wines: Merlot and Sangiovese. Riserva wines must be aged a minimum of two years.


Patrick Hegarty

Patrick Hegarty (26 December 1926 – 31 October 2002) was an Irish Fine Gael politician and farmer. He was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fine Gael Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cork North-East constituency at the 1973 general election, and was re-elected in 1977. In 1981 he was elected for the Cork East constituency, and was re-elected there at each subsequent election until he was defeated at the 1989 general election. He also stood unsuccessfully as a candidate at the 1992 general election. He was appointed a Minister of State by the Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald and served at the Department of Agriculture from 1982 to 1987. He also served as Minister of State at the Department of Industry and Commerce from 1986 to 1987.
References.


J. W. Robertson Scott

John William Robertson Scott CH (born in Wigton, Cumberland on 20 April 1866, died Idbury, Oxfordshire on 21 December 1962) was a British journalist and author, best known for his writings on rural affairs, and a Companion of Honour.
Family.
His father was David Young Crozier Scott (1844–1887), a commercial traveller and advocate of temperance, and his mother was Janet Robertson (1843–1905). He was partly educated in Quaker schools and his parents attended Quaker and non-conformist worship.
When a child, his family moved to Carlisle and then Birmingham, when his father became head of the Independent Order of Good Templars.
He married Elspet Keith, a writer and oriental scholar, in 1906. They had no children.
Career.
After freelancing for various publications including the "Manchester Guardian", he received a staff position on the "Birmingham Gazette" but left when he indicated he would not write any articles supporting the Conservative Party or its causes.
In 1887 he started work at the Pall Mall Gazette under W. T. Stead and later Edward T. Cook, following Cook to the "Westminster Gazette" in 1893. In 1899 he moved to the "Daily Chronicle" but resigned over his opposition to the Boer War, which his proprietors supported.
As a result, he moved to the country, Great Canfield in Essex, and began to write on rural matters for the "Country Gentleman", "World's Work" and "The Field". He produced numerous books and articles, setting out country life for readers in towns and cities.
He moved to Japan for a few years after the outbreak of World War I. He returned in 1922 and becoming involved with the National Federation of Women's Institutes.
In 1923 he moved to Idbury, Oxfordshire, in the Cotswolds. There he founded the journal "The Countryman", which he edited until 1947, despite selling it in 1943. He aimed to inform towns people of the realities about rural life, believing knowledge of these topics was fundamental to living a good life. He was also involved in local government and housing policy. He was a magistrate and a county councillor and for many years a committee member of the advisory committee of the Ministry of Health.
Books.
His best-selling book was "England's Green and Pleasant Land" (1925) "a scorching condemnation of the agricultural workers' conditions of life" which described problems with rural housing. Despite its harsh portrait, it did much to promote an idea of rural life as idyll in England. There was a second edition in 1931 and a revised and extended edition in 1947.
He also wrote "The Foundations of Japan" based on his travels to the Orient.
Awards.
He was made a Companion of Honour in 1947 and received an honorary MA from Oxford University in 1949.


Twin City tractors

Twin City tractors were built by the Minneapolis Steel & Machinery Company until 1929 when it merged with the Moline Implement Company of Illinois and the Minneapolis Threshing Machine Company of Hopkins, Minnesota.
Twin City tractors were dark gray in color, and had a logo much like the "TC" that the Minnesota Twins baseball club uses. The following is a list of all the models of Twin City tractors made by the Minneapolis Steel & Machinery Company and the specifications for each model according to the Nebraska test reports.


Kojo Botsio

Kojo Botsio (21 February 1916 – 6 February 2001) was a Ghanaian diplomat and politician. He studied in Britain, where he became the treasurer of the West African National Secretariat and an acting warden for the West African Students' Union. He served as his country's first Minister of Education and Social Welfare from 1951, as Minister for Foreign Affairs twice in the government of Kwame Nkrumah, and was a leading figure in the ruling Convention People's Party (CPP).
Early life and education.
Kojo Botsio attended Adisadel College, Cape Coast and then the Achimota College in Accra. He proceeded to Sierra Leone, where he obtained his first degree from the Fourah Bay University College, the only university in West Africa at the time. He then went to the United Kingdom in 1945 and attended Brasenose College, Oxford University, where he was awarded a postgraduate degree in Geography and Education.
Career.
Botsio was a teacher at the St. Augustine's College and the London City Council Secondary School in the United Kingdom. He was also once Vice-Principal of Abuakwa State College at Kibi in Ghana. Some of his students have been Kofi Baako and P. K. K. Quaidoo who were both ministers in Nkrumah's government.
Politics.
Botsio first met Nkrumah in 1945 while in London. He helped form the CPP. He first entered the Legislative Assembly of Ghana when he won the Winneba seat at the 1951 Gold Coast legislative election and served under Kwame Nkrumah who was the leader of government business. He continued to be in the legislative assembly until 1957, when he became a Member of parliament (MP). He remained an MP until 1966 when the Parliament of Ghana was suspended by the National Liberation Council which had overthrown the CPP government of Kwame Nkrumah. He was with Nkrumah when he died in 1972. He initially served as the Minister for Trade and Industry in the CPP government. He was also at various times, minister for Foreign Affairs, Social Welfare, Transport and Communications, Agriculture, Trade and Development.
Family.
Kojo Botsio was married to Ruth Whittaker. They had two children, Kojo and Merene, both barristers.


Mount Wood Station

The Mount Wood Station, also known as simply Mt Wood, is a heritage-listed former cattle station that now forms part of the Sturt National Park in Tibooburra in the Unincorporated Far West region of New South Wales, Australia. The cattle station was built between 1890 and 1969. As a national park, the property is owned by the NSW Officer of Environment and Heritage, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.
Mount Wood Station is east of Tibooburra, New South Wales, and gives its name to the Parish of Mount Wood.
History.
Expeditions were made through the area in Australia's early history. These included Charles Sturt (1847-48), who undertook an expedition into central Australia during which the party was stranded for several months at both Fort Grey and Depot Glenn (near Milparinka); and Burke and Wills (1860-61), in which this expedition passed northwards through the eastern section of the national park (probably Mount Wood.
Description.
Mount Wood Homestead complex is today within Sturt National Park. The national park is representative of the shrub rangeland in western New South Wales, it provides one of the best examples of this land type in conjunction with wattle ("Acacia" spp.) dominated fluviatile and aeolian land types. The area, due to its size, is an important wildlife refuge, and has a significant species diversity including 246 native species, as well as a high diversity of landforms including Aeolian dune systems, Mitchell Grass Plains, the Jump Ups and Gibber Desert.
The national park lies in the south-west of a vast bowl shaped depression which covers eastern central Australia, and is mainly covered by low undulating plains of Gibber Desert in the east or sand dunes in the west except for where it contains the south-western end of the Grey Range. Here the Jump Ups, a range of low flat topped hills (mesa) run through the centre of the park and along its eastern boundary. Just inside the park boundary at Tibooburra is a granite outcrop which has formations of hilltop tors. The southern extremity of the Grey Range in the north of the park has associated mesa formations and eroded gullies, the remainder of the park has the occasional stony hill and many drainage basins.
The park has three major vegetation associations, these include a mulga association; saltbush association; and bluebush association.
Complex features.
The Mount Wood Homestead complex comprises:
The garden comprises a line of eucalypts behind the kitchen and laundry/store; two trees to the right hand side (in plan) of the 1897 homestead; two paths linking the two homesteads (1897, 1935); a drift of three eucalypts in front of the 1935 homestead; a pepper tree ("Schinus molle") near the stone hut () and poultry runs; regrowth vegetation to the left (in plan) of the radio aerial and poultry runs; and horse yards, from the 1960s.
The homestead is in fact two homesteads connected via a covered link between the 1897 homestead that is stone, square, with a verandah all around, and the second homestead. The homestead retains elements from each stage of its history in archaeological or standing form. Its important documents of the long history of station operations, and a potential research resource in terms of its archaeological values.
Located south-east of the homestead complex and north of Thomson's Creek, this is a complex of three structures that includes the shearer's quarters (1955); a kitchen; and other unidentified structure. The shearers quarters retains elements from each stage of its history in archaeological or standing form. Its important documents of the long history of station operations, and a potential research resource in terms of its archaeological values.
Located south-east of the homestead complex across (south of) Thomson's Creek near the suspension bridge.
The woolscour has been well researched, and is still the only 19th century station-based scour demonstrated to have survived largely intact. While comparative research is still patchy, the Mount Wood woolscour appears to be a rare survival of a once common pastoral technology, critical to the settlement of the pastoral frontier.
s shed on a concrete slab and pier foundation, supported by round painted steel pipe posts with dooden rafters and battens, clad in painted corrugated iron. The shed is roughly long, deep and high. Wooden roof support structure (battens and beams).
Other structures include outstations, archaeological sites, ruins that include shed base (beside the vehicle shed); former approach track (towards garden and homestead); tank base (near generator shed); standing structures include, in a cluster around the stables, gallows (1960s); dog kennels (); horse yards (1960s); cow bail; stables (1960s); generator shed (1955); fuel shed (1955); metal racks; g.i.tank; blacksmith's shop and workshop (); pump (1930s); and vehicle shed. In a cluster around the homestead there is a laundry and store (1958); kitchen (1939); meat house; saddle room; stone cistern (1897); station tanks (4); galvanised iron fence; stone hut (); poultry runs; radio aerial. To the left of the homestead and stables complex (in plan), site of radio aerial arrays.
The individual elements vary in age, but even the most recent are located upon traditional sites of pastoral operations, and an unusually complete representative sample of the elements typical of pastoral stations survives, as archaeological sites, ruins, standing structures or landscape features.
Heritage listing.
As at 11 January 2002, Mount Wood Homestead complex, shearers quarters, woolshed, woolscours and outstations are significant in that they demonstrate a continuity of pastoral activity in the arid north-west of NSW over a one hundred year period. The individual elements vary in age, but even the most recent are located upon traditional sites of pastoral operations, and an unusually complete representative sample of the elements typical of pastoral stations survives, as archaeological sites, ruins, standing structures or landscape features. The extant evidence clearly illustrates the themes of housing, isolation, land tenure/settlement, pastoralism and technology. Some elements of the place are significant in their own right.
The woolscour has been well researched, and is still the only 19th century station-based scour demonstrated to have survived largely intact. While comparative research is still patchy, the Mount Wood woolscour appears to be a rare survival of a once common pastoral technology, critical to the settlement of the pastoral frontier.
The shearers quarters and homestead retain elements from each stage of their history in archaeological or standing form. They are both important documents of the long history of station operations, and a potential research resource in terms of their archaeological values. Individual elements have aesthetic (architectural) and scientific (archaeological and technological) values.
The survival of the range of elements present at Mount Wood is believed to be already uncommon in western NSW, and may become increasingly rare as time passes.
Mount Wood Station was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.


James Johnston (Irish senator)

James Johnston was an Irish politician. He was an independent member of Seanad Éireann from 1938 to 1948. He was first elected to the 2nd Seanad in April 1938 by the Labour Panel. He was-elected at the August 1938, 1943 and 1944 elections. He lost his seat at the 1948 Seanad election.


Forestry in Uganda

Today, forest and woodland cover in Uganda stands at 49,000 km² or 24% of the total land area. Of these 9,242.08 km² is tropical rainforest, 350.60 km² are forest plantations and 39,741.02 km² is woodland. 30% of these areas are protected as national parks, wildlife reserves or central forest reserves.
History.
In the late 1980s, 75,000 square kilometres of land in Uganda consisted of forest and woodland. About 15,000 square kilometres, or 7 percent of Uganda's dry land area, was protected forest reserves. Roughly 250 square kilometres of protected reserves were tree farms. The most important forest products are timber, firewood, charcoal, wood pulp, and paper.
Other important products included leaves for fodder and fertilizer, medicinal herbs, fruits, and fibers, and a variety of grasses used in weaving and household applications. Production of most materials increased as much as 100 percent between 1980 and 1988. The output of timber for construction declined from 1980 to 1985, before increasing slightly to 433 million units in 1987 and continuing to increase in 1988. Paper production also increased substantially in 1988.
Nationwide forest resources were being planted rapidly. Deforestation was especially severe in poverty-stricken areas, where many people placed short-term survival needs ahead of the long-term goal of maintaining the nation's economical sector. Agricultural encroachment, logging, charcoal making, and harvesting for firewood consumed more wooded area each year. An additional toll on forest reserves resulted from wildfires, often the result of illegal moonshine-making activity in reserves. Neither natural regrowth nor tree-planting projects could keep pace with the demand for forest products.
In 1988 the Ministry of Environmental Protection was responsible for implementing forest policy and management. Ministry officials warned that the loss of productive woodlands would eventually lead to land erosion, environmental degradation, energy shortages, food shortages, and rural poverty in general, and they hoped to change traditional attitudes toward forests and other natural resources.
In 1989 the government implemented a six-year forestry rehabilitation project financed by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). This project included a nationwide tree-planting campaign and a series of three-year training courses for rural extension agents, leaders of women's groups, educators, and farmers. Britain, the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), and several multilateral donor agencies also provided assistance in the forestry sector.
Economic crises often hampered efforts to conserve natural resources. Many people lacked the motivation to plan for future generations when their own survival was at risk. As a result, illegal activities, including logging, charcoal making, and firewood gathering in posted reserves contributed to rapid deforestation. Government forestry agents, who were generally underpaid, sometimes sold firewood for their own profit or permitted illegal activities in return for bribes. In these ways, entrenched poverty and corruption drained public resources from use by present and future generations. In 1989 officials threatened to prosecute trespassers in posted forest areas, but by the end of the year, it had not implemented this policy.
2000s.
To revive forestry the government abolished the Forest Department and established the National Forestry Authority (Uganda)(NFA) in 2004. The aim of this action was to increase revenue and quality of the forest management. In the financial year of 2004/2005, the first year after the took over from the Forest Department, the NFA increased the revenue from forest products to UGX 5,400,000,000 or $2,160,000 from previous year's UGX 1,200,000,000 or $480,000 due open puplic tendering of 80.000m³ of timber. Total area of planted trees by the NFA stand at 12 km² in the same year.
The areas under Management of the NFA are gazetted to 506 Central Forest Reserves.


Corneliu Coposu

Corneliu (Cornel) Coposu () (20 May 1914 – 11 November 1995) was a Christian Democratic and conservative Romanian politician, the founder of the Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party (), the founder of the Romanian Democratic Convention (), and a political detainee during the communist regime. His political mentor was Iuliu Maniu (1873–1953), the founder of the National Peasant Party (PNȚ), the most important political organization from the interwar period. He studied law and worked as a journalist.
Biography.
Early life.
Corneliu Coposu was born in Bobota, Sălaj County, at that time in Austria-Hungary (now in Romania), to the Romanian Greek-Catholic archpriest Valentin Coposu (17 November 1886 – 28 July 1941) and his wife Aurelia Coposu ("née" Anceanu, herself the daughter of Romanian Greek-Catholic archpriest Iuliu Anceanu). Corneliu had four sisters: Cornelia (1911–1988), Doina (1922–1990), Flavia Bălescu (b. 1924), and Rodica (b. 1932).
He too was a devout member of the church and joined the Romanian National Party (PNR), a group dominated by Greek-Catholic politicians – Gheorghe Pop de Băsești was an acquaintance of the Coposu family, and Alexandru Vaida-Voevod was a relative on Corneliu Coposu's mother's side.
After studying Law and Economy at the University of Cluj (1930–1934), he engaged in local politics with the PNR's direct successor, the National Peasants' Party (PNŢ), and worked as a journalist; he wrote for "România Nouă", edited by Zaharia Boilă, "Mesajul" (Zalău), "Unirea" (Blaj). He became the private secretary of Iuliu Maniu, the leader of the PNR and PNŢ, who had been a leading actor factor in Transylvania's union with Romania (1918), and as head of the Transylvania Directory Council. Coposu wrote in detail about this experience in his ”secret diary”, discovered after the collapse of communism and published in 2014.
World War II.
Accused of propaganda against the National Rebirth Front (Frontul Renașterii Naționale), Coposu was sent into forced domicile in Bobota. After the Second Vienna Award of August 1940, when Romania was forced to cede Northern Transylvania to Hungary, Coposu moved to Bucharest. He became the political secretary of Maniu, the leader of the clandestine opposition to Marshal Ion Antonescu, and the leader of the anti-Nazi resistance in Romania. Maniu was contacted by representatives of the British authorities, and Coposu was one of his trusted assistants; the group maintained contacts between the Romanian politicians who were negotiating the country's exit from the alliance with the Axis Powers, in order to join the anti-Nazi Alliance (USA, UK, USSR) (an alternative kept by the Antonescu government). In his ”secret diary”, Coposu explained the role of Iuliu Maniu as the main organizer of the coup d'état against Antonescu.
In 1945, after the royal coup against the Antonescu regime, Coposu became deputy secretary of the PNŢ and, after the reintegration of Northern Transylvania, the party's delegate to the leadership of provisional administrative bodies. He was also active in organizing the party as the main opposition to the Communist Party and the Petru Groza cabinet before the 1946 general election.
Communist persecution.
The communist regime established and controlled by the Soviets, arrested him on 14 July 1947, together with all the leadership of the National Peasants' Party, after some of the party leadership had allegedly tried to flee the country in a plane landed at Tămădău ("see Tămădău Affair"). His mentor, Iuliu Maniu, the leader NPP, the most important political organization in Romania, received a life sentence in a show trial. Maniu died in 1953, in the infamous Sighet Prison, but his death certificate was released only eight years later. Coposu was imprisoned without trial for nine years, as all charges brought against him were dismissed due to lack of evidence. Coposu later attested that his imprisonment, imposed by Soviet officials overseeing the Securitate, was among those causing a stir in the higher echelons of the Communist Party. Belu Zilber, a Communist who was purged together with Lucreţiu Pătrăşcanu, later told him that prominent party politician Ana Pauker had unsuccessfully opposed the move in front of Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej.
In 1956, Coposu was sentenced to life imprisonment for "betrayal of the working class" and "crime against social reforms". In April 1964, he was freed after 15 years of detention and 2 years of forced residence in Rubla (Brăila County), having spent, in all, 17 years of incarceration in 17 notorious detention and hard labor facilities associated with the communist regime, including Sighet Prison, Gherla Prison, Jilava, Râmnicu Sărat Prison, Pitești Prison, and the Danube–Black Sea Canal (where he was imprisoned with his friend and collaborator Șerban Ghica).
Coposu later testified having been impressed by the deep scars collectivization had left in the country, as well as by the resilience of the Rubla deportees ("see Bărăgan deportations") — "They traded in vegetables they had grown themselves while locals could not be convinced that these could actually grow on the Bărăgan". In the 1990s, during debates over the overall number of victims of the Communist regime between 1947 and 1964, Coposu spoke of 282,000 arrests and 190,000 deaths in custody.
After his release, Coposu started work as an unskilled worker on various construction sites (given his status as a former prisoner, he was denied employment in any other field), and was subject to Securitate surveillance and regular interrogation. After the collapse of communism, Tudor Călin Zarojanu published large excerpts from the huge Securitate file on Corneliu Coposu, kept for decades by the secret communist political police
His wife Arlette was also prosecuted in 1950 during a rigged espionage trial, and died in 1966, soon after her release, from an illness contracted in prison.
Coposu managed to keep contact with PNȚ sympathisers, and re-established the party as a clandestine group during the 1980s, while imposing its affiliation to Christian Democracy and the Christian Democrat International.
Post-communism.
On 22 December 1989, (during the Romanian Revolution), he and prominent members of the party issued a manifesto that confirmed the PNŢ's entry into legality, under the name Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party (PNȚ-CD).
For the rest of his life, Coposu was the main voice of the opposition to the National Salvation Front (from 1992, the Democratic National Salvation Front). Present at his party's headquarters, he was targeted by during the January 1990 Mineriad (the first of the Mineriads) on 28 January 1990. The Prime Minister Petre Roman addressed the angry mob who wanted to lynch Coposu and the other leaders of the democratic opposition, pretending to mediate the conflict. In an attempt to create a resemblance between how the dictator Ceaușescu exited the armored vehicle before his trial and Coposu's flight, under the pretext of protecting Coposu from the angry crowd, Roman commissioned an armored vehicle to drive him to the headquarters of the Romanian National Television where Roman promised Coposu that he could make a statement which would be aired later that day. The statement was recorded but it did not air. No copy of the recording was ever found in the archives.
Coposu successfully grouped various organizations into the Romanian Democratic Convention (CDR), of which he was the leader between 1991 and 1993. He was elected to the Senate of Romania in the 1992 general election. In 1995, the government of France granted him the "Grand Officier de la Légion d'Honneur" during a ceremony in Bucharest.
Regarding Emil Constantinescu's election as the CDR's candidate for the presidential office in 1992, Coposu stated: "The candidate was elected in an absolutely democratic manner. The appointment of the candidate of the Democratic Convention for the position of president of the country was made according to the most authentic democratic rules. All five candidates had the moral stature and prestige to honor the highest magistracy of the country. We, the Democratic Convention, wish the only candidate, elected by the vote of the 67 major presidential electors, to succeed in the elections and to achieve his first goal, which is the eradication of communism in Romania."
Death.
He died in Bucharest while undergoing treatment for lung cancer. Some 100,000 people attended his funeral three days later. He was buried in the Catholic section of Bellu cemetery.
One of the main thoroughfares in the capital now bears his name. A bust of Coposu now stands next to Kretzulescu Church, in Revolution Square.
In a 2006 poll conducted by Romanian Television to identify the "greatest Romanians of all time", Coposu came in 39th.


Juergen Zeddies

Juergen Zeddies (born 28 June 1942 in Hameln) is a German agricultural economist, Emeritus of the University of Hohenheim and an advisor to German and international governments and research organisations.
Life and work.
In the summer term of 1974 he became stand-in professor for Wilhelm Brandes and in October of the same year was appointed Professor of Agricultural Management at the University of Hohenheim, where he remained until 2008.
Zeddies received a number of commissions from national and state ministries, for example to draw up plans for milk quotas, set-aside of land, direct payments to agriculture (together with A. Henze) and for the EU Commission to plan reforms of the sugar market regulations (together with Wilhelm Henrichsmeyer).
Zeddies was a regular advisor of the Federal Ministry for Agricultural Cooperation and the Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (Society for International Cooperation) in the economic aspects of plant protection (in Jemen, Nigeria, Philippines, Tonga, Samoa, Morocco among other countries), improved seed supply (Nepal, Sri Lanka, Morocco and others) and new production methods through technical innovation (Azoren, Philippines, Egypt, Benin and others).
Zeddies was the first foreigner to be commissioned by the Chinese Government (in 1986 in cooperation with Erwin Reisch and W. Grosskopf) to carry out a study on land reform which was put into practice only a few years later. After the dissolution of the "Eastern Bloc" he used EU projects to build up the Hohenheim network. Scientists from Poland, Romania, Ukraine, Lithuania, Russia, Uzbekistan, Armenia and Georgia were educated in Hohenheim and their home institutes were supplied with internet services, computers and textbooks.
For nine years, Zeddies was the spokesman for a specialist research area of the Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) and for ten years he was head of a graduate college of the German Research Society. For six years he was a member of the Central Committee and Senate of the same organisation. He was a member of the Scientific Board of the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and the Advisory Board on Sustainability of Baden-Wuerttemberg State.


Mogen David

Mogen David Wine Co. is a company based in Westfield, New York that makes wines, including the fortified wine MD 20/20. "Mogen David Wine Co." is a trademark held by their parent company The Wine Group in Livermore, California.
Mogen David is the Yiddish pronunciation of the Hebrew Magen David, which literally means "shield of David", but is used metaphorically to refer to the six-pointed Star of David.
Products.
Mogen David wine is sold in 750mL, 1.5L, and 3L bottles. It is also Kosher for Passover.
Mogen David Concord Red wine is made from must of no less than 51% Concord grapes, an American grape variety, which is typically used for grape juices, jellies, and preserves, but also used for Kosher wines. This makes the wine less expensive, averaging $5 per bottle.
In addition to Concord red, Mogen David also markets Blackberry and Pomegranate wines.
History.
Founded months before the Repeal of Prohibition by Max Cohen and Henry Markus in Chicago, the California Wine Company bottled medicinal and sacramental wines, changing its name to Wine Corporation of America in 1941 when it began making wine from Concord grape juice (or concentrate) shipped from growers in New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio and later Michigan.
Chicago winery.
Following World War II the company purchased a building at 3737 South Sacramento Ave in Chicago's Brighton Park neighborhood which was converted into one of the largest wineries in the Midwestern United States. The entire winery was allocated to a single product, Mogen David, a kosher wine originally marketed for the Passover Seder that turned out to be popular year-round with the general public. Annual production of Mogen David was in 1946. Wine Corporation of America began advertising Mogen David nationally in 1947; by the early 1950s the advertising budget for Mogen David was the fourth or fifth largest for wines. Max Cohen, company President and founder, noted that 98 percent of Mogen David's customers were not Jewish.
Annual production of Mogen David increased to more than of wine in 1949 and to nearly for 1953, and in that year Wine Corporation of America took the name of its most important product, becoming the Mogen David Wine Corporation.
In 1955 Mogen David announced the purchase of new plant facilities at 3700 South Kedzie Ave, about from the main plant on Sacramento Ave, designed to triple its capacity and enable production of two additional wines. The company launched a new line of wines under a different brand name, Key, in 1957. This marketing campaign was unsuccessful and line was dropped after three years.
In the early 1960s, concord wine was still the biggest seller in the Mogen David line, along with a rosé, a blackberry wine, a cherry wine and a dry red wine.
Company founder and chairman Max Cohen announced his resignation on 8 January 1962, citing friction with his brother-in-law, Henry A. Markus who was president of the company. Cohen sold all of his stock to Markus, saying that "I am no longer connected with the firm and I have no interest in it."
The sale of a controlling interest in Mogen David to Richard T. Schofield of Westfield, New York was announced on 9 May 1963, with Schofield taking over as president of the company and Markus appointed chairman. Some operations were moved to Westfield in 1967; Mogen David's Westfield winery was closer to the vineyards in the Northeast that grow Concord grapes for its wines, the Chicago plants remained open.
By 1968, Mogen David was producing a dozen different wines and two kinds of champagne. The company broke away from its conventional Mogen David line with the introduction of the MD 20/20 brand of flavored fortified wines that were well received by younger consumers, especially college students. The MD 20/20 line included unusual flavors such as pink grapefruit, wild berry, and Hawaiian blue.
Acquisition by Coke-New York.
In 1970 the Coca-Cola Bottling Company of New York was the largest soft drink bottler in the world, having merged with the Coca-Cola Bottling Company of New Haven (acquired in 1969) but its growth prospects were limited by the franchise boundaries. When Coke-New York was approached by an investment banking firm to let them know that Mogen David was for sale, they saw an opportunity to become a major competitor in a new industry (Mogen David was the sixth largest winery and the largest Concord grape wine producer in the country) and to pick up a national sales and distribution network. Coke-New York acquired Mogen David on 1 November 1970 by paying $16,750,000 in cash. J. Myron "Mike" Bay was an officer in both companies: President of Mogen David as well as a VP of Coke-New York.
By 1972 Mogen David was producing a day in Westfield, NY and a day from the two plants in Chicago, for an estimated annual output of . Mogen David company introduced a "pop wine" product line, Cold Bear (Concord) and Black Bear (blackberry), leading to overall growth in sales of 32 percent for 1972. Mogen David had a staff of over 45 salesmen. Mogen David wines and Tribuno vermouths were marketed nationally through over 300 independent distributors in 1972, in order to strengthen their market position, New York Coca-Cola began consolidating Tribuno and Mogen David distribution networks.
The Jug line of strawberry and apple pop wines, packaged in country-style brown and white jugs, was introduced in 1973. Mogen David had the fourth largest winery and the third largest advertising budget in the wine industry in 1973
With its 1973 acquisitions of Tribuno Wines (previously Vermouth Industries of America) and later the well established California winery Franzia, Coke-New York was, in all, the third largest US wine producer. Franzia also shipped wine, grape concentrates and brandy in bulk to the Mogen David winery in Westfield, New York, for use in Mogen David products.
Jerome W. "Jerry" Alder joined Mogen David as President and COO in September 1976; former President Mike Bay moved into the new position of Chairman, and continued as Mogen David's CEO. In 1977, the company's administrative and marketing offices moved from the original winery at 3737 South Sacramento Ave, and into space in a new building at 444 Michigan Ave in downtown Chicago.
A study of wine marketing in 1980 found that Mogen David consumers apparently had the strongest brand loyalty in the varietal table wine category.
Acquisition by The Wine Group.
Discussions between The Coca-Cola Company and The Coca-Cola Bottling Company of New York about a possible acquisition of the latter began in 1974, to little effect.
When merger discussions resumed in 1980, The Coca-Cola Company had already entered the alcoholic beverage market; their Wine Spectrum subsidiary consisting of wineries in California and New York. As part of the proposed merger, The Coca-Cola Company agreed to sell the wine business of Coke-New York to a partnership formed by First Boston and top-level managers of the New York bottler's wine business. Coke-New York divested itself of its three wineries, which were bought in 1981 by The Wine Group, a limited partnership headed by Arthur A. Ciocca, to avoid a buyout involving a third party. The Wine Group was the fifth largest wine producer nationally (just behind Coca-Cola's Wine Spectrum) for 1981 with sales of nine million cases, the same as the year before.
In 1998, 1.5 million adults were drinking Mogen David, putting it just ahead of its chief competitor Manischewitz. By 2005, Manischewitz was again dominant with more than half of kosher wine sales, Mogen David was second with 33 percent of the market.
Cultural references.
In the novel "As Hot As It Was You Ought to Thank Me" by Nanci Kincaid, Berry's Mother drinks Mogen David Wine when commiserating with neighbor ladies.
In Lightnin' Hopkins' song "Black Cat Blues" he mentions Mogen David Wine several times. The song appears in a blues compilation titled "Lightnin' Hopkins - Texas Blues" released in 1995 but the actual song was probably recorded sometime in the 1960s.
Tom Waits' song "Medley: Jack & Neal/California, Here I Come" refers to drinking "MD 20/20".
"Midnight Choir (Mogen David)" was a song on the Larry Gatlin & the Gatlin Brothers 1979 album "Straight Ahead" and was released as a single in the same year. The chorus of the song begins "Will they have Mogen David in Heaven?"
Brenda Lee released "The Cowgirl and the Dandy" in 1980, and that song has the refrain "I was Mogen David wine, he was Chablis '59."
In the 1971 movie "A New Leaf", Henrietta (Elaine May) asks Henry (Walter Matthau) "Have you ever tasted Mogen-David extra-heavy Malaga wine with soda water and lime juice?"
In "A Serious Man" (2009) the protagonist, played by Michael Stuhlbarg, is asked by his rival Sy Ableman (Fred Melamed) "Do you drink wine? Because this is an incredible bottle. This is not Mogen David. This is a - heh heh - a wine, Larry. A Bordeaux."
In the "All in the Family" episode "Archie's Aching Back" (S01E03), Archie specifically hires a Jewish lawyer (Solomon Robinowitz) to come to his home and offers him "Morgan David" to drink.
The 1980 Ray Stevens song "Shriner's Convention" mentions Mogen David Wine being served at the Shriner's convention banquet.
The final track on Elliott Smith's 1994 album, Roman Candle, is an instrumental outro titled "Kiwi Maddog 20/20."
The episode, "The Barracuda" from the TV series "Sanford and Son", Fred gives Lamont a bottle of Mogen David during supper.
The lyric "Mad Dog 20/20 is king - I drink that stuff and start getting obscene" appears in the song Mean Man by W.A.S.P. from the 1989 album The Headless Children.


Bangladesh Agricultural University

Bangladesh Agricultural University ( "Bangladesh Krishi Bishshobiddalôe") or BAU was established as the only university of its kind in Bangladesh in 1961. The scheme for BAU was finalised on 8 June 1961 and its ordinance was promulgated on 18 August 1961. It started functioning with the College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry at Mymensingh as its nucleus. The university has six faculties and 43 departments covering all aspects of agricultural education and research.
BAU was the second highest budgeted public university in Bangladesh for the year 2013–2014. It is ranked number one university of Bangladesh according to the webmatrix university ranking 2017. BAU's research in agriculture has made it well recognised across Asia. It also have a very low teacher-student ratio.
Campus.
The campus has an area of , and is located rural surroundings south of the district town of Mymensingh. The campus is made up of academic, administrative and residential buildings and l farms, gardens and other related facilities.
Two national research institutes, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) and Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI) are housed in this campus.
Administration.
Partial list of the vice-chancellors of the university:
Faculty and departments.
There are 45 departments under 6 faculties.
Faculty of Veterinary Science.
Veterinary Science faculty is the leading faculty of the university which established in 1961 . This faculty has gifted quality Veterinarian for the country. Veterinarians has huge scope in research organization, commercial farms, agro industries, milk and meat processing industries. Along with these, Faculty of Veterinary Science is contributing on research for diseases, zoonoses, health improvements, livestock reproductive health and development. Besides, this faculty has huge contribution in poultry and dairy industry.
Degree offered by the faculty-
Faculty of Animal Husbandry.
Faculty of Animal Husbandry at Bangladesh Agricultural University has been established in 1962. Since 1962,Professors & Graduates of Animal Husbandry are enrolling for the development of Livestock Industry in Bangladesh. Recently AH's new Department has inaugurated at Patuakhali Science & Technology University. Background history of Animal Husbandry, East Pakistan Agricultural University was established in 1961 to bring together in one campus the higher education in agriculture and all allied subjects including Animal Husbandry. Later on academic development programme East Pakistan Agricultural University firmly realized that the subject "Animal Husbandry" is important enough to be a Faculty on its own. As such the Faculty of Animal Husbandry was established in 1962 and began to offer bachelor's degree in animal husbandry (B.Sc. A.H.). The objectives of establishment of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry is to produce first grade animal production graduates, scientists and researchers to play key role in agricultural development through increased livestock production. The educational goal of the faculty includes teaching, research, training and extension. The aim of teaching, for example, is the creation of professional and technical manpower in animal production and related fields such as animal breeding and reproduction, animal nutrition, in dairy, poultry, meat and draught animal production.
Currently the faculty of Animal Husbandry is offering the following degree programs:
Admissions.
Undergraduate programe.
Undergraduate admissions in BAU are competitive. Admission related information is available on this website . After completion of HSC (Higher Secondary School Certificate) education, a student can submit his/her application for undergraduate admission if they fulfill the minimum requirements. A candidate is eligible to apply for admission into Level 1, Semester 1 of undergraduate studies as offered by six faculties of BAU for the year 2017 must have passed SSC (Science group) or equivalent examination in 2013 or 2014 and HSC (Science group) or equivalent examination in 2015 or 2016 with a total of 9.0 GPA.
As of 2016–2017 session, the general distribution of seats for admission into Level 1, Semester 1 of the undergraduate courses as offered by six faculties BAU will be as follows:
This is including all Freedom fighters quota and other quotas.
Total enrollment per year = 1230.
Bangladeshi all Agriculture University association has decided that undergraduate admission test will be combined from academic session 2019–2020. After admission test merit list, students will admit according to the merit score of seven Agriculture University. All seven Agriculture University has available seats 3551 including Bangladesh Agriculture University.
MS/PhD program.
M.S. and PhD programs are available as follows:
Admission of foreign students.
In the case of foreign nationals, applicants must have completed 12 years of schooling and passed courses equivalent to HSC (science group) of Bangladesh with Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics and Biology and obtained equivalent GPA. An applicant has to produce certified academic transcript showing that he/she has studied and passed courses equivalent to HSC (science group) of Bangladesh having Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Biology and English in his/her curricula.
Research.
BAU conducts two main streams of research — degree research and project research — the former being supervised by the teachers for postgraduate students at M.S. and PhD levels while the problem-solving research projects are conducted with sponsorship accorded either by the university or external funding agencies. The Committee for Advanced Studies and Research (C.A.S.R.) is responsible for co-ordinating both streams.
For co-ordination and management of research projects, BAU Research System (BAURES) was established in 1984. Since its establishment, BAURES has completed 322 research projects and has 112 ongoing projects. The ongoing research projects are funded by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Department for International Development (DfID) of UK, Norwegian Agency for International Development (NORAD), International Foundation for Science (IFS), etc.
Publications.
The "Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University" (ISSN 1810-3030) is published in June and December on behalf of the Bangladesh Agricultural University Research System (BAURES). Original research papers, review articles and short communications are published.
Bilateral collaborations.
The United States Agency for International Development (USAID), through a contract with the Texas A&M University, provides to the university support in the form of advisory services, fellowships and equipment. Development support was made available through two IDA credit agreements signed between the government and the World Bank in 1964 and 1966. Over the years the university has received research support from international sources including USAID, International Development Association, International Development Research Centre, UNICEF, Ford Foundation, International Labour Organization, Danish International Development Agency, Canadian International Development Agency, and International Atomic Energy Agency.
The university receives funding support from Department for International Development, Food and Agriculture Organization, International Rice Research Institute, Centre on Integrated Rural Development for Asia and the Pacific, IMI plc, European Union, United States Department of Agriculture, Global Environment Facility and the Ghent University through bi- and multilateral research projects.
The university signed five memoranda of understanding with the Texas A&M University, Richard Stockton College of New Jersey, Florida A&M University, Brooklyn College and Research Foundation of the City University of New York, and Ghent University of Belgium.
The university has linkage programs with national organisations like Rural Development Academy, Bangladesh Public Administration Training Centre, and organisations from the National Agricultural Research System (NARS) in the fields of research, training and extension.


Dafang tea

Da Fang (; pronounced ), also named Zhupu Da Fang or Zhuye Da Fang, is a Chinese green tea. It is considered one of China's top ten teas by some Chinese tea experts. Like Longjing tea, it has sharp flat shapes and a similar production process. Some Chinese tea experts believe Da Fang tea is an ancestor of Longjing tea. It is more accepted that Da Fang tea is the earliest tea with flat leaves.
Da Fang tea is produced near Lao Zhuling () mountain and Fu Guanshan () mountain of She County (), Anhui Province. Its dried leaves take on a yellowish green colour with sleek and flat shapes. Its buds are usually hidden and covered with golden down. When brewed, the liquor gives a durable fragrance with a sweet aftertaste. Different drying processes separate Da Fang tea into two types. Zhong Huo () features a chestnut-like aroma, while Qing Huo () features a brisk and delicate taste.


Matthew Holmes (politician)

Matthew Holmes (15 September 1817 – 27 September 1901) was a New Zealand politician and runholder. He was a member of the New Zealand Legislative Council for 35 years (1866–1901). Holmes was from Ireland and made his money in Victoria from farming, exporting wool, and supplying the gold fields. The family lived in Scotland for some years but Holmes moved to New Zealand. His family followed him years later and they lived for most of their time in Otago, but retired to Wellington.
Early life.
Born in Strabane, County Tyrone, Ireland on 15 September 1817, Holmes received his education in his home town. After school, he was trained in commerce at McFarland's woollen mill in Londonderry.
Life in Australia.
Holmes moved to Australia in 1837 and his first business venture was a stationery shop in Melbourne's Collins Street with William Kerr. The partnership was dissolved at the end of 1841; his business partner would later found "The Argus". Holmes took over the running of the stationery shop by himself. In 1843, he was declared insolvent by the courts and the stock was auctioned. It was not until 1845 that he was discharged. For some time, he had a dairy farm called "Glencairn" in the Barrabool Hills outside of Geelong.
On 26 May 1841 at Port Phillip, he married Anne McLean, the daughter of Allan McLean of Strathallan near Echuca. After being burned out in the Black Thursday bushfires on 6 February 1851 and their youngest child dying from the effects, he relocated to Geelong and built up a profitable wool exporting company operating under the style of Holmes, White & Co.
He also supplied the gold diggings during the Victorian gold rush. The store of Holmes, White & Co in Melbourne's William Street does not exist any longer, but their premises at 114 Lydiard Street North in Ballarat still stand and are listed on the Victorian Heritage Register.
Life in Scotland.
Holmes and his family moved to Scotland in 1854 as there was better medical care available for his wife's poor health. He purchased a large estate in Lasswade near Edinburgh, and became involved in a group which became the New Zealand and Australia Land Company.
Life in New Zealand.
In 1859, he returned to New Zealand on the "Pirate" as the company's general manager, but also spent time in Victoria to look after business interests there. In 1862, he travelled to England as one of the commissioners for the 1862 International Exhibition. In 1864, he sold his estate in Scotland and moved his family back to New Zealand. At first, they were living at Andersons Bay on Otago Peninsula. They then lived partly at Andersons Bay and partly at Awamoa, near Oamaru in North Otago. He was the owner of large sheep runs both at Awamoa and at Castlerock near Lumsden in Southland. His station at Castlerock was overrun by rabbits in the 1870s, but Holmes managed to get on top of the problem; his son Stuart later gave presentations on how they went about this. Holmes was well known for importing quality stock for breeding, including Clydesdale horses and Cheviot sheep. Holmes was one of the original directors of the Mosgiel Woollen Mill and on retirement from active business, he sold his trading interests to Dalgety, Rattray & Co. In their later years, the Holmes lived in Hawkestone House, Wellington.
Political career.
Holmes represented the Oteramika electorate in the Southland Provincial Council from 7 November 1864 to 6 July 1867. He represented the Oreti electorate in Southland on the Otago Provincial Council, after Otago and Southland had reunited, from 31 March 1871 to 22 May 1873.
Holmes was a member of the New Zealand Legislative Council from 19 June 1866 until 1901, when he died.
Family and death.
His wife was related to the brothers John and Allan McLean. The Holmes had six children, including the barrister Allan Holmes. Their daughter Katherine was an artist whose work has been collected by the Hocken Library and the Alexander Turnbull Library. A daughter was Isabella, a founder of Dunedin Public Art Gallery. Isabella married George McLean, who served as a member of parliament in the 1860s and 1870s, and became a member of the Legislative Council in 1881. A daughter of Isabella and George McLean married Thomas Wilford. The eldest daughter of the Holmes, Elizabeth, married in Melbourne in 1860. His wife died in 1897, and Holmes died on 27 September 1901 aged 84. He was buried at Karori Cemetery.


Bonneau du Martray

Bonneau du Martray is a French wine grower and producer based in Pernand-Vergelesses, in the Côte de Beaune wine-growing region of Burgundy, France. Bonneau du Martray is the only estate in Burgundy to exclusively produce wine from Grand cru vineyards.
The estate was owned and managed by Jean-Charles de la Moriniere who inherited it from his father in 1994. Jean-Charles has been working on moving viticultural management and the care of the vineyard toward a biodynamic philosophy and away from the previous use of herbicides to manage weeds and pests. He has also worked to reduce yields significantly in an effort to improve the intensity and quality of the finished wine.
In 2017, the Domaine was sold to Stan Kroenke.
Only two wines are produced from the vineyard holdings of the domaine. A White Burgundy with Chardonnay grapes from the 9.5 hectares the estate owns in Corton-Charlemagne and a Red Burgundy with Pinot Noir grapes from 1.5 hectares owned in the Corton vineyard. Bonneau du Martray is the largest single owner of vines within the Corton-Charlemagne vineyard and owns the largest area of a single Grand cru vineyard of any producer in Burgundy.
Clive Coates describes Bonneau Du Martray's white Corton-Charlemagne wine as "one of the very greatest in all Burgundy" and Hugh Johnson lists Bonneau du Martray as one of the leading Côte d'Or producers and gives the estate his highest rating of 4 stars indicating "exceptionally fine or great quality, consistent over many vintages".


Rosendal (manor house)

Rosendal is a manor house and estate located 3.5 km south of Faxe in southeastern Denmark. It was until 1781 mostly owned by the intermarried Rosenkrantz and Juul families. The three-winged main building and the three-winged home farm ("avlsgården") were listed on the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1950. The two-storey main wing is from 1849 and was designed by Michael Gottlieb Bindesbøll but some of the other buildings date from the 17th century. Rosendal is now owned by the Hong Kong-based Danish shipping Jebsen family.
History.
The Rosenkrantz and Juul families.
The estate was originally called Totterupholm and was created when Ide Munk, the widow of Oluf Rosenkrantz, merged the farms in the village of Totterup into a single manor circa 1560. Oluf Rosenkrantz had been the wealthiest man in the country. Their daughter Mette Rosenkrantz took over the estate after her mother's death in 1586. She had been married first to Steen Rosensparre and then to Peder Oxe but had become a widow for the second time with her second husband's death in 1575. This had left her the wealthiest woman in the country. After her death, in 1588, Totterupholm was endowed to her granddaughter, Jytte Gyldenstierne, who had been married first to Peder Juel of Gjorslev (died 1612) and then Christian Grubbe of Lystrup (died før 1642). Her son, Peder Grubbe, sold the estate to Edel Rosenkrantz in 1644. She married Knud Ulfeldt who was killed in the Scanian War in 1657.
Edel Rosenkrantz died in 1684. One of her daughters, Margrethe Ylfeldt, was married to admiral Niels Juel, who bought out the other hairs. Niels Juel died in 1797. The estate was then passed on to his son-in-law, Niels Krag. His widow, Sophie Krag (Niels Juel's daughter), then owned it until her death in 1731.
Barony of Rosenlund.
Niels and Sophie Krag's eldest daughter, Anna Margretha Krag, the widow of Christian Pedersen Juel, married Holger Rosenkrantz in 1731. In 1748, Totterupholm was elevated to a barony under the name Rosenlund. The Barony of Rosenlund could, however, due to its relatively small size, not benefit from the Tax exemptions that normally applied for tenant farms under a barony. Rosenkrantz managed Rosenlund with great skill and increased the quarrying of limestone at Faxe. Prior to his death in 1785, Rosenkrantz had chosen his nephew Iver Rosenkrantz as his heir. He had also granted him permission to sell Rosenlund on condition that he would create a "fideikommis" for future generations of the family.
Rosendal, 1788–present.
Iver Rosenkrantz sold Rosenlund to Haagen Christian Astrup in 1788 on the condition that its name would be changed back to Totterupholm. Haagen Christian Astrup was, how ever, a few months later, granted permission instead to rename it Rosendal. In 1801, Astrup sold Rosendal to Lauridz Moss Hofgaard and Carl Adolph Stampe. In 1803, he sold it to Lauridz Moss Hofgaard.
Christian Conrad, Count of Danneskiold-Samsøe acquired the estate in 1806. His widow, Johanne Henriette Valentine Danneskiold-Samsøe, sold Rosendal to their son-in-law Gustav Christian Holck-Winterfeldt in 1837. He constructed a new main building in 1847–49. Holck-Winterfeldt died on the estate on 22 November 1885. Rosendal was then taken over by his son, Flemming Holck-Winterfeldt. He left Rosendal to his nephew, Helge Ernest Knuth, who had already managed it for his uncle for some time. He modernized the operations. Helge Ernest Knuth died unmarried and without children in 1941. Rosendal was therefore passed on to his brother Flemming Knuth but he already died the following year. He left Rosendal to his nephew, Kjeld Gustav Knuth-Winterfeldt, who ceded it to his son Ditlev Helge Knuth-Winterfeldt in 1980.
Architecture.
Michael Gottlieb Bindesbøll's main building is a two-storey building constructed in local limestone. The building is eight bays wide and has a slightly projecting median risalit. It is topped by a hip roof with four chimneys. The main building is flanked by two one-storey, half-timbered side wings with red tile roofs that date from the 17th century. The eastern side wing is the former kitchen wing. The western side wing was used for the administration. To the south of the main wing is a large garden.
The three wings surround an open courtyard. To the north of the complex is a three-winged home farm ("avlsgård"). The estate manager's house ("forpagterboligen") is located to the east of the main building.
Today.
Rosendal was acquired by Hong Kong-based Danish businessman Hans Michael Jebsen but is now owned by his eldest son Michael Immanuel Jebsen through the company Rosendal A/S. The estate has a total area of of which hectares are farmland, hectares are farmland and hectares are pastures.


Bobby Aylward

Bobby Aylward (born 1 April 1955) is a former Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Carlow–Kilkenny constituency from 2007 to 2011 and 2015 to 2020.
He also worked as a farmer while he was a TD.
He was a member of Kilkenny County Council from 1992 until his election to the Dáil in 2007. He was chairperson of the Council from 2003 to 2004. He was also a Member of the Southern Fisheries Board from 2000 to 2007, the Southern and Eastern Regional Assembly from 1999 to 2004 and the Port of Waterford, from 1999 to 2004.
His brother Liam previously represented the same constituency for Fianna Fáil, until he retired from national politics in 2007, opting to remain in the European Parliament. Their father Bob Aylward was a Senator from 1973 until his death in 1974.
Bobby Aylward is married and has two sons and one daughter. He was educated in Castlegannon National school, Scoil Aireagail vocational school and Kildalton Agricultural College.
He lost his seat at the 2011 general election, but re-gained it at a by-election in May 2015, only to lose it again in the general election of February 2020.
References.


Dutch Improved Red Pied

The Dutch Improved Red Pied, , is a recentlydeveloped Dutch breed of beef cattle. It derives from the dual-purpose Meuse-Rhine-Issel breed. A breed association was started in 1988.
It is the only beef typical beef cattle breed that originates in the Netherlands. The MRI breed breeds animals with luxury muscularity, and this is how the new breed came into existence: Improved red-and-white meat breed. The Dutch company CRV is working on the breed improvement and genetic breedvalue testing together with the national studbook association.
Characteristics.
As the name suggests, the animals of this breed are red and white like the animals of the MRI breed. There are two different types within this breed, the A-direction (luxury muscle) and the B-direction (not double buttock). With both types the aim is to have the lowest possible number of births with problems.


Royal County of Berkshire Show

The Royal County of Berkshire Show is an annual agricultural show in Berkshire, England that started in 1909 at Enborne Gate Farm, Newbury, as a horse show and has now grown to be a significant event for the farming world.
The Newbury and District Agricultural Society was formed in 1909 to run the show and continues to do so.
There were four breaks overall when no show took place: between 1914 and 1918 during the First World War, between 1928 and 1935 during the farming Depression, during the Second World War from 1939 to 1945 & 2020 on grounds of COVID-19 pandemic. Since then the Show has grown to become one of the leading agricultural shows in the country.
The show takes place over two days in September at the permanent showground near Chieveley.


Henry William Studholme

 Sir Henry "Harry" William Studholme 3rd Bart. is a British forester, businessman and landowner. He is the chairman of the U.K. Forestry Commission, which manages the U.K.'s state-owned forests and is the country's largest land manager. He ran the U.K. government's Regional Development Agency 2009 – 2012.
In 2012, the Bishop of Liverpool James Jones and Studholme, as Chairman and Deputy Chairman respectively, conducted the Independent Forestry Panel report on the future of the UK’s state-owned forests after the government announced plans to sell off the British state forests.
In 2017, he was appointed as an honorary professor of the College of Social Sciences and International Studies at the University of Exeter researching the forestry in the British Isles, and the impact of tree disease.
Early life and education.
He was born in Exeter, Devon in 1958 as the son of Capt. Sir Paul Henry William Studholme, 2nd Bart. He was educated at Eton College and subsequently Trinity Hall, Cambridge with an MA in Engineering. He then became a chartered accountant (FCA) in London before working as an accountant and subsequently in manufacturing in the North of England.
Career.
He ran the United Kingdom’s South West Regional Development Agency (South West RDA) from 2009 to 2012. During this time, the South West RDA helped bring projects including Wave Hub, the Eden Project and Osprey Quay to fruition. Through the RDA, he was also involved in the Airbus ‘Integrated Wing’ project, which generated over 850 high-skilled jobs and £40 million added-value to the economy, and the Combined Universities in Cornwall project. He oversaw the dissolution of the UK’s regional development agencies from 2012 to 2013.
He also chaired the Finding Sanctuary project, working with environmentalists and the UK’s fishing industry on proposals for marine conservation from 2007 to 2011. He became a forestry commissioner of Great Britain in 2007.
He previously ran a large publicly-quoted private timber company that owns and manages forests worldwide
Personal life.
He lives at Perridge House with his wife Lucy. They have three children. His brother James Studholme is the founder of Blink production company.
Studholme was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant for Devon


List of forests in France

Metropolitan France contains a total of of tree coverage, with considered to be forestry by the National Forest Inventory (IFN). Of those , consist of leafy forests while the remaining consist of evergreen forests.
The majority of forestry in French overseas departments is found in French Guiana, which contains of forests.
 of forests in France are publicly owned, with the remaining being privately owned. Two-thirds of privately owned forests are larger than , and 48% are larger than .
The largest forests in France by region are as follows:
Overseas.
Réunion.
2512 km²


Newport Show

Newport Show is held at Chetwynd Deer Park at Chetwynd, Shropshire, England, between Newport and Edgmond.
History.
On 24 August 1889, a circular was sent out by Mr W H Burton, Chairman of Furber and Burton Auctioneers (later to become Davies White and Perry), expressing the desire to form an Agricultural Society to replace the former North Shropshire Society which, much to the dissatisfaction of many in the Newport area, had recently amalgamated with the Shropshire and West Midland Agricultural Society.
Newport farmers, especially tenant farmers who were the majority in those days, had little chance of winning prizes at the West Midlands Show. Indeed the "Newport & Market Drayton Advertiser" in 1889 recorded that "It was annoying that gentlemen and landed proprietors who carried off prizes at the Royal Show then went on to compete for prizes at the West Mid Show".
A meeting was called on 7 September 1889 at The Royal Victoria Hotel, Newport and Sir T F Boughey, squire of Aqualate took the chair. A motion was carried to form a Society carrying the title "Newport and District Agricultural Society" with an operative radius of 16 miles from Newport. Mr W H Burton was appointed secretary, stating "He had little difficulty in forming such a Society, which would be of such useful profit to the neighbourhood". Mr Wingfield Dickenson, manager of Lloyds Bank, Newport, was appointed treasurer.
The Show's first committee of 30 had many familiar names not least Messrs J Pearce, W Derrington-Turner, T Booker, H Pooler, J S Furnival, J Belcher, S Addison, J Paddock, R N Heane, C R Liddle, W Vaughan, and Dr Elkington. By February 1890 the first President, Sir Thomas Boughey, had been well and truly appointed with the "most honourable man" the Marquis of Stafford, the first Vice President. Sir Thomas was a popular figure and his nomination to serve as President of the Society was greeted with acclaim. Ten years later he was described as the "Father of the Society".
One of the first tasks facing the steering committee was that of choosing a date for the inaugural Show. C H Liddle suggested September but in the end Friday 8 August 1890 became the chosen date for the first ever Newport Show or exhibition. With the benefit of a £100 donation from Sir Thomas Boughey, followed later by £20 from his wife Lady Annabelle, the rules were drawn up and preparations began for the first show which was held at Victoria Park. Tenders for equipping the Showground were invited. A schedule of classes was drawn up to include livestock, root crops, implements, cheese, butter, wool, horse leaping and turnouts. There was even a prize for "male and female servants of Society members"!
Thus the Newport and District Agricultural Society was founded, to organise the annual Newport Show and for the improvement of agriculture. To this day, it bears all of the hallmarks of that early tradition and is acknowledged as the best one day show in the Midlands. The show still keeps strong ties with the town and the town's educational establishments, especially Harper Adams University.
Since its inception in 1890, there were three cancellations overall: 1914 to 1918, 1940 to 1945 & 2020.
Chetwynd Deer Park.
Sited on the banks of Chetwynd pool, which is a pool, Chetwynd Deer Park is a natural show area and is considered by many to be one of the most beautiful show grounds in the country.
Chetwynd Park was part of the Chetwynd Park estate, mentioned in the Domesday Book. It was an important manor in Saxon times. The area belonged to Leofric, Earl of Mercia, in about 1050.
Chetwynd Deer Park got its name from the herd of some 100 fallow deer which were brought up from Southern England. The area is home to some of Shropshire's finest ancient woodland.
The Estate was left to Oxford University, who sold it in 1988, with the deer park being purchased by Newport and District Agricultural Society. The society set about the task of restoring the park to its former glory and at the same time, creating what is acknowledged to be one of the most beautiful show grounds in the country. In addition, the society has developed the educational potential of Chetwynd Deer Park by building The Lodge in 2013 and as a result, many local schools and community groups as well as Harper Adams University visit the deer park for educational purposes.
External links.
Newport Show website:
Twitter
@NewportShow
Also on Facebook


Mitsubishi Paper Mills

 () is a Japanese company based in Sumida, Tokyo. It is part of the Mitsubishi group and is listed on the Nikkei 225.


Samuel Dening Glyde

Samuel Dening Glyde (18 August 1842 – 27 January 1898) was a politician in the colony of South Australia.
Glyde was born in Wayford, Somerset in 1842. He migrated to Victoria, Australia at age 18 but moved on to New Zealand. He lived in Prebbleton in rural Canterbury and was well known for his contributions towards the establishment of an education system in the Broadfield and Springston districts. He was a local farmer and in addition, he was surveyor and clerk for the road boards of Springs and Lincoln. He left New Zealand for Adelaide in mid-1871 and his farewell dinner in Prebbleton was chaired by Arthur Charles Knight, the local representative on the Canterbury Provincial Council, and Christchurch identity John Ollivier gave an entertaining address.
Glyde moved to South Australia in mid-1871 and found employment with his brother's firm Morgan, Connor, & Glyde, wheat merchants, later becoming a partner. In 1882 they joined a consortium, the Adelaide Milling Company, with John Hart & Co., W. Duffield & Co., James Cowan & Co., and Harrold Brothers.
He purchased land which he subdivided as the suburb Sefton Park.
He was an able writer, and made significant contributions to both the "Register" and "The Advertiser", and other publications interstate and overseas.
He served from 1875 to 1878 as Mayor of the Town of Kensington and Norwood. He was involved in the South Australian Volunteer Military Force and from 1877 was Captain of F Company (Kensington and Norwood). When the Board of Governors of Canterbury College decided to set up an agricultural college, two of the five applications received were from Melbourne. Glyde was tasked with interviewing the candidates, and he travelled across from Adelaide. Both men were qualified, and whilst one of the applicants had "greater scientific attainment", Glyde recommended the other candidate, William Ivey, for the position. Glyde's recommendation was accepted, and Ivey became the inaugural director in 1878 of what is now Lincoln University.
Glyde was appointed director of the Commercial Marine Insurance Company, Warden of the Marine Board from 1880. He was elected to the seat of Sturt in the South Australian House of Assembly following the resignation of Thomas King, and served from July 1885 to April 1887, his colleague being Josiah Symon. He was chairman of the board of directors of the Town and Country Bank, which failed in 1887 immediately after the Commercial Bank of Australia,
Around 1893 he left for Mildura, Victoria, where several of his sons had taken up irrigation blocks, and was a prominent citizen, serving as Councillor 1893–1894. In 1896 he left for Perth in Western Australia. He died in Perth during a typhoid epidemic on 27 January 1898. He was buried at East Perth Cemeteries.
Family.
Elijah Glyde was his father, and Sarah Glyde (née Denning or Dening) was his mother. On 1 September 1864, Samuel Dening Glyde married (Anna) Cordelia England Gillingham (? – 14 December 1940) at St Peter's Anglican Church in Upper Riccarton; their children included:
William Dening Glyde (c. 1826 – 4 January 1901), wheat merchant and MLC was a brother.


Trammo

Trammo, Inc., (formerly known as Transammonia, Inc., also known as Trammo Group), engages in the international commerce, trade, transportation, distribution, and marketing of fertilizer, chemicals, methanol, crude oil, liquefied petroleum gas, and petrochemicals. The company was established by Ronald Stanton in 1965, and is currently headquartered in New York City. The company operates using five subsidiaries. The company has offices in the continents of Europe, Asia, North America, South America, and Africa. In 2011, based upon annual sales, the company was ranked by "Forbes" magazine as 34th in a list of the top 500 private U.S. companies. Transammonia is the world's largest private company in fertilizer trading and merchandising.
History.
The Company changed its name from Transammonia, Inc. to Trammo, Inc. on October 29, 2013. The Trammo trademark has long been associated with the company and had been the name of several subsidiaries. The name change reflected the current broad range of products and markets in which the company trades, in addition to ammonia. The company began operations in the transportation and manufacture of ammonia, raw materials and fertilizer products.
In the fiscal year that ended on May 1, 1990, Transammonia posted sales of US$1.1 billion.
In 2006, the company ventured into natural gas gathering in the United States. In 2007, the company was ranked by "Forbes" magazine as among the top 50 private companies in the United States. In 2012, the company was ranked as #24 by "Forbes" magazine in its list of the largest private companies in the United States.
Subsidiaries.
Transammonia, Inc. operates five subsidiaries: Transammonia, Trammo gas, Trammo petroleum, Trammochem, Sea-3, and Trammo Gas International, Inc. Trammochem is based in Darien, Connecticut and is involved in the manufacture and international commerce of various petrochemicals. In 2000, Trammochem began engagement in the trading of olefins. Trammo petroleum, founded in 2002, is based in Houston, Texas and engages in sales of products, such as diesel fuel, gasoline, natural gas, and jet fuel, on the West Coast of the U.S. Trammo Gas is based in Houston, Texas and is involved in the commerce of gases, such as liquefied petroleum gas, propane, and natural gas. Sea-3 operates in northeastern U.S. states and in areas of Florida in the commerce of liquefied propane, and is also involved in gas marketing in other areas of the U.S.
Controversy.
In 2010, Transammonia ended the dealings of its Swiss subsidiary, Trammo Trading, with Iranian companies, in part as a response to an investigation by [CNBC] regarding the company's involvement with entities within Iran. The United States has prohibitions against commerce in Iran, in part to persuade that country to disengage in nuclear development. Transammonia maintained that its foreign subsidiary's Iranian dealings were allowed under U.S. law, but decided to end them anyway. The company stated, "the small amount of business done there does not justify the reputational risk currently associated with doing business with entities located in Iran, due to the growing international concern over the policies of the current regime there."


Johan Martin Jakobsen Strand

Johan Martin Jakobsen Strand (10 October 1873 – 17 August 1935) was a Norwegian farmer and politician for the Liberal Party.
Career.
He was born in Kvernes as a son of farmer Jacob Jakobsen Strand (1835–1875) and his wife Ellen Johanne Larsdatter (1841–1930). He took his education at the Higher College of Agriculture at Aas from 1899 to 1901. He ran an agricultural school from 1903 to 1911, and was county agronomist in Møre from 1906 to 1907. In 1907 the school was located to Bremsnes, and Strand moved here in 1908. He was a member of Bremsnes municipal council from 1916 to 1934, serving as deputy mayor between 1919 and 1928. He was also the director of the local savings bank. From 1930 to 1935 he was a board member of the Bank of Norway branch in Kristiansund.
He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from the constituency Møre on four occasions; in 1924, 1927, 1930 and 1933. As he died before the fourth term ended, he was replaced by deputy Ole Nikolai Ingebrigtson Strømme. Strand was also a member of the Tax Law Commission of 1929 together with Johan Henrik Christiansen, Sverre Sivertsen, Nils Hjelmtveit, Gabriel Moseid and Finn Blakstad.


Prentice Co-operative Creamery Company

The Prentice Co-operative Creamery Company in Prentice, Wisconsin was central to the community's transition from lumber to agriculture. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
History.
Prentice was founded on the lumber industry when the local sawmill opened in 1882. But the sawmill closed in the 1890s when the best timber ran out. Without that big industry, people wondered how little communities left in the cut-over would survive.
The United States Leather Company had run a tannery in Prentice starting in the late 1800s, using hemlock bark from the surrounding forests in its tanning process. It was the only industry in town after the sawmill closed. When the tannery burned in February 1906, U.S. Leather rebuilt it, with the core of the current creamery building as its hide house. But then the tannery burned again after only a couple weeks of operation. The brick hide house survived the fire.
Meanwhile, more and more farmers had been settling the surrounding cut-over lands left by logging. Around 1903 the private Prentice Creamery started buying milk and selling butter. In 1915, a farmers' co-operative called the Prentice Co-operative Creamery Company was formed, and it converted the old hide house to a dairy plant. It produced 500 pounds of butter in its first day of operation; by July 1917 it produced over 9000 pounds in six days. The local paper gushed: "Everyone is urged to boost for the farmers creamery because it is a small industry which will help to do wonders to help develop the farming community, the prosperity of which causes the town to improve."
The co-op closed in 1931 during the Great Depression, but was re-opened by R.J. Peterson as the Price County Dairy. In 1933 this was taken over by the Price County Co-operative Dairy Association, which shifted production to cheese. In its first nine months it produced 100,632 pounds of butter and 153,832 pounds of cheese.
The creamery closed in the 1940s, and the building was used by Heikkinen Machine Company, Prentice Wood Products, La Font Corporation, and the Prentek Corporation.


Route des Grands Crus

The Route des Grands Crus (roughly, "road of the great wines") is the name of a tourist route situated in Burgundy, France.
The approximately 60-kilometre route runs along the foot of the Côte d'Or escarpment, from Dijon in the north to Santenay in the south. Thus it runs through many of the great appellations of Burgundy wine, hence the name of the route. It takes the visitor through the vineyards of the Côte de Nuits and the Côte de Beaune and the back hills (Hautes-Côtes) behind and above the wine slopes.
It is punctuated by 33 villages or little towns, including Beaune, many of which have picturesque churches.
Route.
From north to south: