Bellarine Peninsula

The Bellarine Peninsula (Wathawurrung: "Balla-wein" or "Biteyong") is a peninsula located south-west of Melbourne in Victoria, Australia, surrounded by Port Phillip, Corio Bay and Bass Strait. The peninsula, together with the Mornington Peninsula, separates Port Phillip Bay from Bass Strait. The peninsula itself was originally occupied by Indigenous Australian clans of the Wathaurong nation, prior to European settlement in the early 19th century. Early European settlements were initially centred on wheat and grain agriculture, before the area became a popular tourist destination with most visitors arriving by paddle steamer on Port Phillip in the late 19th century.
Today, approximately 55,000 people live on the peninsula and unlike its cousin, the Mornington Peninsula, this number increases only slightly during peak tourist months. However, the peninsula is a growing tourist region with a variety of beaches and seaside resorts and wineries; most of the peninsula is a part of the City of Greater Geelong.
History.
The area of Geelong and the Bellarine Peninsula was originally occupied by Indigenous Australian clans of the Wathaurong nation, prior to European settlement in the early 19th century. This area was a favorite and extensive camping place for the Wathaurong people. One Wathaurong name for the area is 'Balla-wein' which refers to 'balla' meaning 'elbow' or 'reclining at the elbow'. The convict William Buckley escaped from the Sullivan Bay settlement in 1803, and lived among the Wathaurong people for 32 years on the Bellarine Peninsula. In 1835, John Batman used Indented Head as his base camp, leaving behind several employees whilst he returned to Tasmania (then known as Van Diemen's Land) for more supplies and his family. In this same year, Buckley surrendered to the party led by John Helder Wedge and was later pardoned by Lieutenant-Governor Sir George Arthur, and subsequently given the position of interpreter to the natives.
By the 1850s the peninsula was known as ‘the granary of the colony’ and Portarlington became a major player in the wheat industry. Transport was by sea on Port Phillip Bay due to the poor roads. By the 1870s excursion traffic to the peninsula commenced, with tourists travelling from Melbourne by paddle steamers to enjoy fishing and swimming by the bay, with the coastal towns being major holiday resorts. In 1879 one of the first branch railways was built in Victoria, from South Geelong station to Drysdale and Queenscliff. Encouraging the growth in agricultural production and leading to the decline in the bay steamer traffic to towns along the way, the line did not close until 1976.
In recent years with improved roads the peninsula has become popular with people employed in Geelong, with population growth in towns such as Leopold, Drysdale and Ocean Grove. The Seachange demographic phenomenon has also led to increased growth. Ironically, the Australian TV series "SeaChange" was filmed at various locations on the peninsula, particularly at Barwon Heads, which helped promote tourism on the peninsula. The peninsula is showing signs of environmental consciousness and attitudes towards sustainability, much the same as the Mornington Peninsula.
Geography.
The Bellarine Peninsula is a gently to moderately undulating landform that protrudes in an east and north-easterly direction into Port Phillip. The peninsula is generally considered to begin its protrusion between the town of Torquay and east of Geelong. It is surrounded by Corio Bay and the Outer Harbour to the north, Port Phillip to the north-east and east, The Rip to the south-east and Bass Strait to the south.
The peninsula's eastern regions host several bays and islands such as The Rip, Lonsdale Bay, Swan Bay, Swan Island, Rabbit Island and various other small islands. The central and north-eastern regions host a gently undulating topography with no major rivers, mountains or significant landforms. The most distinct feature in the western region of the peninsula is the Barwon River which flows through a series of large lakes and extensive wetlands before emptying into Bass Strait at Barwon Heads.
Geology.
The uplifted block of the Bellarine Peninsula forms a very weakly dissected undulating plain of low elevation, less than 150m. Drainage from the remnant basalts of the Palaeogene Older Volcanics forms a vaguely radial pattern on the elevated plateau. A narrow strip of deeply weathered Cretaceous Otway Group rocks occurs in outcrop along the southern edge of the Curlewis Monocline, which forms the northern boundary of the peninsula. Landslides and narrow gullies have formed along the northern edge of the monocline. A sheet of marine sands of Late Neogene age covers the southern portion of the uplifted Bellarine block.
The majority of soils on the peninsula consist of grey-brown sedimentary sandy loams, overlaying medium to heavy textured clay. The Bellarine Hills are a significant variation with heavy black self mulching clay loams being well suited to intensive crop production. Mining of shell grit for glass making was an important industry on the shores of Swan Bay.
Flora and fauna.
Much of the native vegetation throughout the peninsula has been cleared for agriculture, notable exceptions being areas of land around Swan Bay, parklands in Portarlington, coastal areas along the Barwon Coast and some small remnant pockets around the Barwon River lakes and wetlands, many of these last remaining areas are protected or included in parklands. The largest area of original native woodland vegetation remaining on the Peninsula lies in the 143 hectare Ocean Grove Nature Reserve.
The peninsula contains several significant wetlands, many of which form part of the Port Phillip Bay (Western Shoreline) and Bellarine Peninsula Ramsar Site and are of international significance for the protection of waterbirds and the critically endangered orange-bellied parrot. They are also recognised by BirdLife International in the Bellarine Wetlands and Swan Bay and Port Phillip Bay Islands Important Bird Areas.
Marine mammals visit here include whales (southern right and southern humpback), endemic Burrunan dolphins, Australian fur seals and Australian sea lions.
Demographics.
The peninsula is covered by two local government areas with a population of approximately 55,337. There were around 25% over sixty years old which is significantly higher than the national average of 18%.
The Borough of Queenscliffe, situated on the peninsula is the last remaining borough left in Victoria, and was the only local government area not changed in the mass Victorian municipality reorganisation of 1993 enacted by then Liberal Premier Jeff Kennett. The remainder of the peninsula is part of the City of Greater Geelong, having been part of the Rural City of Bellarine before this time. The peninsula is also one of the parishes of the County of Grant, one of the Cadastral divisions of Australia.
Shipwrecks.
Some of the more significant and historical shipwrecks include;
Utilities.
Black Rock on the southern coast (near Breamlea) is the location of the main ocean outfall for Geelong's sewage. Opened in 1915, initially the sewage was left untreated before being discharged into the ocean. A primary filtration system was installed in the 1970s, and in the 1980s the current plant was built with an upgraded filtration system, along with a 1.2 kilometre long ocean outfall. The plant was upgraded in 1997, with secondary filtration introduced, and a pipeline installed to transport recycled water to the flower farm at Torquay.
A 60 kW capacity wind generator is located on Black Rock Road in Breamlea. Erected in November 1987 by the then State Electricity Commission of Victoria and the Victorian Solar Energy Council (now Energy Victoria) as a demonstration, it was sold in 1994 to the Alternative Technology Association of Melbourne. Electricity production ceased at 1200hrs on 17 May 2003 due to an electrical generator burn-out, caused by moisture, salt, and electrical flash-over. The wind generator remains in place today intact.


Chivite

Chivite is a traditional winery in Navarra, Spain, a family business dating back to 1647.
The grapes are grown on over 500 hectares using varieties:


List of forests managed by the Forestry Commission

Prior to 2013, the Forestry Commission managed about one million hectares of land across Great Britain, including 660,000 hectares of forest in Scotland, 250,000 hectares in England and 126,000 hectares in Wales. In 2013 the Commission's forests in Wales were transferred to Natural Resources Wales, whilst Forestry and Land Scotland was established in Scotland in 2019 to own and manage Scotland's National Forest Estate.
These forests range from small scale urban forests to many of the largest forests in Britain. The Forestry Commission was set up in 1919 to carry out afforestation programmes across Britain for timber production. It is also responsible for maintaining and developing recreational facilities within the forests.


Peter Walsh (Australian politician)

Peter Alexander Walsh (11 March 193510 April 2015) was an Australian senator and Labor politician from 1974 to 1993.
Walsh grew up in Doodlakine, Western Australia, where he was a wheat and sheep farmer. He was elected to the Australian Senate in 1974, and served as Minister for Resources and Energy from 1983 to 1984 and Finance Minister from 1984 to 1990. He was noted for his pro-free market views.
In his 1995 memoirs, "Confessions of a Failed Finance Minister", Walsh was critical of his colleagues and of political processes in general for failing to curb what he saw as wasteful government expenditure, and unnecessary government intervention. Also in his book he corrected errors made in "Whatever It Takes", the book written by former ministerial colleague and fellow Senator Graham Richardson.
After leaving politics, Walsh was a columnist for the "Australian Financial Review" and was particularly critical of environmentalism. He was one of the founders of the Lavoisier Group which opposes the Kyoto protocol on global warming. Walsh also expressed criticism over the Rudd government's National Broadband Network scheme.
Walsh died at a hospital in Perth after a short illness on 10 April 2015.
In his tribute to him, sitting Liberal Finance Minister and another WA Senator Mathias Cormann described his predecessor as "a real pillar of the Hawke Government".


Rowland Richard Robbins

Rowland Richard Robbins (1872–1960) was an English farmer, known for market gardening on a large scale, and also for involvement in farming affairs at a national level.
Life.
He was the son of Rowland Robbins of Willersey, Hounslow. His father was a wealthy London greengrocer, who with his wife Caroline Ebbs had nine children. He was educated at Taunton School.
Lacking prospects in his father's business because of his elder brothers, Robbins went into farming at Sipson west of London, with Thomas Wild (1848–1932), who was ailing, as senior partner. Robbins had worked with his brother in the family business, and the farm concentrated on market gardening, send fruit and vegetables by rail to Covent Garden and further. It was a sustained commercial success. The company of Wild & Robbins invested in tractors from Wallis & Steevens in 1902, which at that time were limited to by the Locomotives on Highways Act 1896.
In 1914 Robbins described the farm as of , and employing 148 people. He was on Middlesex County Council from 1913 to 1928, and was awarded the CBE in 1920.
Politics and farming.
The period starting in 1920 has been described as an "agricultural crisis" in the United Kingdom, and Robbins was a major figure in it. A meeting between Robbins and the minister for agriculture, which prepared an official meeting on 7 June 1921, played an important role in subsequent events.
Robbins was a member of the Agricultural Wages Board, from 1917 to 1921, and from 1924 to 1931. He was President of the National Farmers' Union of England and Wales (NFU) in 1921, having joined the NFU and its Fruit and Garden Committee in 1918; and then again in 1925. In the NFU Robbins, with the like-minded Thomas Howard Ryland, President in 1924 and son-in-law of Sir Frederick Howard, and Ernest Wilfred Langford, represented a new group of farmers' representatives pro-active in dealing with government, compared to predecessors Colin Campbell and Francis Herbert Padwick. On the other side of the debates were Conservatives around the Unionist Social Reform Committee and Lord Milner.
The wartime Corn Production Act 1917 which had fixed grain prices was replaced, and Robbins was involved in the negotiation under which the government compensated for lost subsidies on wheat and oats by research spending. This was the period called by some the "great betrayal", in which the Agriculture Act 1920 was repealed. The government hoped to gain farmers' support by closing down the Agricultural Wages Board and so removing minimum wages in agriculture. Sir Arthur Griffith-Boscawen, the responsible minister, approached Robbins in mid-1921 for secret meetings. Robbins's dealings with Griffith-Boscawen that summer impressed both the minister with the farmers' flexibility, and the NFU Council representing the farmers' interests, but cost him his health for a period.
Under the First MacDonald ministry the Agricultural Wages Board was restored, after some years in which agricultural wages had fallen. Following a strike in Norfolk, the government brokered a compromise deal between the NFU and the National Union of Agricultural and Allied Workers in April 1924.
Robbins objected to the establishment of the Milk Marketing Board, as proposed at an Annual General Meeting of the NFU Council by Sidney Wear after the Grigg Commission had reported, and resigned from it, with Ryland. At this point in the early 1930s the attitude ingrained in the "Union fundamentalists" like Robbins, that farmers were better off without government intervention, was being eclipsed.


List of Tree Cities USA

There are more than 3,400 Tree Cities USA.
The following is a partial listing of Tree Cities USA. To be a Tree City, the community must meet four standards set by the National Arbor Day Foundation and the National Association of State Foresters:


College of Agriculture, Pantnagar

The College of Agriculture, Pantnagar, India, is a constituent of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar. It was opened on 17 November 1960 when Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, inaugurated the university. It has a triple mandate of teaching, research and extension.
The college has more than 200 faculty members engaged in agricultural sciences. The college has played a role in the Green Revolution in the country. More than 185 varieties of crops like cereals, pulses, oilseeds, forages, fruits and vegetables, etc. have been released. The 4 year Bachelor of Science in Agriculture (BScAg) is the flagship course of the college.
Departments.
The college has twelve departments:
Earlier, the college also included two departments of Animal Nutrition, and Animal Breeding and Genetics, which were subsequently transferred to College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences.


Garagistes

The garagistes refers to a group of winemakers in the Bordeaux region, producing "vins de garage", "garage wine". A group emerged in the mid-1990s in reaction to the traditional style of red Bordeaux wine, which is highly tannic and requires long ageing in the bottle to become drinkable. The garagistes developed a style more consistent with perceived international wine tastes.
For red wines this means "bigger, bolder, fruitier wines, often with sometimes a higher alcohol content." The new style for white wines is a more pronounced oak taste with some residual sugar. This new style of wine is controversial, and purists claim that the wines will not age well and they don't reflect well the "terroir" of the region, nor the typicity of the grape varieties used. Characterised as "winemaker's wine whose attributes reflect a disregard for the traditional handling of its particular "terroir"", the term is sometimes used somewhat as a backhanded compliment; in light of this, vins de garage wines come from previously unknown estates without proven track record or pedigree. Alternately, such wine is referred to as "super-cuvée" or "microchâteau". The wines produced by these estates often receive very high wine ratings from Robert Parker, and are usually sold at prices driven high by rarity, hyperbole, and fashion.
History.
Considered a predecessor of the garage wine, Château Le Pin founded by the Belgians Marcel and Gérard Thienpont on less than two hectares in the late 1970s, wine was produced by "microcuvée" from a farmhouse basement in Pomerol. Following the efforts of Jean-Luc Thunevin and Murielle Andraud, and the emergence of Château Valandraud came the description of a "movement". Founded in 1989 on a 1 hectare plot in Saint-Émilion, with limited funds for equipment, much work was done primitively by hands and feet in their garage, with high detail labour resulting in low output yields defining the methods of the model.
Several wines fashioned in this same model appeared on the market, such as La Mondotte from Château Canon-la-Gaffelière, La Gomerie from Château Beau-Séjour-Bécot, Le Dôme, Vieux Château Mazerat, Les Astéries and Le Carré from Château Teyssier, Quinault L'Enclos, Rol Valentin, Barde-Haut, Gracia, L'Hermitage and Marojallia. The terms "Vins du garage" and "Garagistes" have been attributed to French writers Nicholas Baby and Michel Bettane.
After Robert Parker rated Valandraud a better 1995 vintage than Pétrus, the economic effects were substantial. Developments in the market saw Garage wines attain surprisingly high prices, sometimes well beyond historically top-priced products. However, the early 2000s saw indications of a reverse in the trend. Wine writer Jancis Robinson noted that the Garage wine market had "shrivelled considerably in recent years", and Robert Parker stated that while the wines are "here to stay ... only the best will survive." Steven Spurrier commented further, "the belief that ridiculously low yields make better wine has finally been exploded by the quality of [the abundant] 2004, as it should have been by 2000, 1996 and 1990. Goodbye to a fad."
The American garagiste movement received its first exposure in 2011 at the inaugural Garagiste Festival in Paso Robles, California. Paso Robles represents the core of the garagiste movement, according to WinesVinesDATA. It lists some 127 wineries with annual production of 1,000 or fewer cases in Paso's home county, San Luis Obispo (SLO). Every year dozens of artisan winemakers pour at the non-profit festival.
Criticism.
Despite the critical acclaim and high prices that have been fetched by some "vins de garage", both the term and the movement have faced criticism. In addition to wine experts such as Steven Spurrier described it a fad, some writers, noted by Graham Harding, have gone so far as to suggest the cult following of these wines are an example of "The Emperor's New Clothes syndrome" and that the wines are made more for collectors than for wine drinkers.
Another critic is Master of Wine Michael Palij, who compares "garagistes", particularly those of Château Valandraud, to the large California wine producer E & J Gallo Winery saying "Each is a triumph of style over substance. Neither pays any regard to either history or terroir."


Canaiolo

Canaiolo (; also called Canaiolo nero or Uva Canina) is a red Italian wine grape grown through Central Italy but is most noted in Tuscany. Other regions with plantings of Canaiolo include Lazio, Marche and Sardegna. In Umbria a white berried mutation known as "Canaiolo bianco" exists. Together with Sangiovese and Colorino it is often used to create Chianti wine and is an important but secondary component of Vino Nobile di Montepulciano. In the history of Chianti it has been a key component blend and during the 18th century may have been the primarily grape used in higher percentage than Sangiovese. Part of its popularity may have been the grape's ability to partially dry out without rotting for use in the "governo" method of prolonging fermentation. In the 19th century, the Chianti recipe of Bettino Ricasoli called for Canaiolo to play a supporting role to Sangiovese, adding fruitiness and softening tannins without detracting from the wine's aromas. In the aftermath of the phylloxera epidemic, the Canaiolo vines did not take well to grafting onto new American rootstock and the grape began to steadily fall out of favor. As of 2006, total plantings of Canaiolo throughout Italy dropped to under 7,410 acres (3,000 hectares). Today there are renewed efforts by Tuscan winemakers to find better clonal selections and re-introduce the variety into popular usage.
A white sub-variety exists, known as Canaiolo bianco, which is a permitted grape variety in the Umbrian wine region of Orvieto where is known as Drupeggio. In recent years plantings have been declining.
In Tuscany.
Ampelographers believe that Canaiolo is most likely native to Central Italy and perhaps to the Tuscany region. It was a widely planted variety in the Chianti region and most likely was the dominant grape variety in Chianti blends throughout the 18th century. The writings of Italian writer Cosimo Villifranchi noted the grape's popularity and that it was often blended with Sangiovese, Mammolo and Marzemino. Part of Canaiolo's success in the region may have been its affinity for the "governo" winemaking technique that was used to ensure complete fermentation. At the time various wine faults would plague unstable Chiantis because they were not able to fully complete fermentation and yeast cells would remain active in the wine. The lack of full fermentation was partly due to cooler temperatures following harvest that stuns the yeast and prohibits activity prior to technological advances in temperature control fermentation vessel. The technique of "governo" was first developed by Chianti winemakers in the 14th century. This involves adding half-dried grapes to the must to stimulate the yeast with a fresh source of sugar that may keep the yeast active all through the fermentation process. Canaiolo's resistance to rotting while going through the partial drying process made it an ideal grape for this technique.
In the 19th century, the Baron Bettino Ricasoli created the modern Chianti recipe that was predominantly Sangiovese with Canaiolo added for it fruitiness and ability to soften the tannins of Sangiovese. Wine expert Hugh Johnson has noted that the relationship between Sangiovese and Canaiolo has some parallels to how Cabernet Sauvignon is softened by the fruit of Merlot in the traditional Bordeaux style blend. The rise in prominence of Sangiovese herald the decline of Canaiolo as more winemakers rushed to plant more Sangiovese. Outside of Chianti, Canaiolo role in the Sangiovese based on Vino Nobile di Montepulciano was also declining though it was never as prominent as it once was in Chianti. The phylloxera devastation at the end of the 19th century highlighted the unique difficulties that Canaiolo has with grafting as many plantings on new American rootstock failed to take.
Today there are a few vineyards in the Chianti Classico region specializing in Canaiolo, two of them being the family estates of Bettino Ricasoli in Brolio and Gaiole in Chianti as well as a scattering of vineyards in Barberino Val d'Elsa. There are renewed efforts and research in clonal selections to revive the variety in Tuscany.
Other regions.
Outside of Tuscany, Canaiolo is also found throughout central Italy with significant plantings in Lazio, Marche and Sardegna. Though there are efforts in Tuscany to revive the variety, plantings throughout the country continue to drop and fell under 7,410 acres (3,000 hectares) in 2006.
Synonyms.
Canaiolo is also known under the synonyms Caccione nero, Cacciuna , Cagnina, Calabrese, Canaiola, Canaiolo Borghese, Canaiolo Cascolo, Canaiolo Colore, Canaiolo Grosso, Canaiolo nero, Canaiolo nero a Raspo rosso, Canaiolo nero Comune, Canaiolo nero Grosso, Canaiolo nero Minuto, Canaiolo Pratese, Canaiolo Romano, Canaiolo rosso Piccolo, Canaiolo Toscano, Canaiuola, Canaiuolo, Canajola Lastri, Canajolo, Canajolo Lastri, Canajolo nero Grosso, Canajolo Piccolo, Canajuola, Canajuolo nero Comune, Canina, Cannaiola, Cannajola, Colore, San Giovese, Tindillaro, Tindilloro, Uva Canaiolo, Uva Canajuola, Uva Canina, Uva Colore Canaiola, Uva Dei Cani, Uva Donna, Uva Fosca, Uva Grossa, Uva Marchigiana, Uva Merla, and Vitis Vinifera Etrusca.


Randall Lineback

The Randall Lineback or Randall is an American breed of cattle. It originated in Sunderland, Vermont, and is critically endangered.
Origin.
The Randall is a breed of purebred cattle developed in Sunderland, Vermont, USA, on the farm of Samuel Randall, and later his son, Everett Randall. It is a rare breed, thought to descend from the local cattle common in New England in the nineteenth century. The Randall family kept a closed herd for over 80 years.
The Randall cattle were bought after the death of Everett Randall by a couple in Massachusetts, who were not interested in keeping them, but merely wanting to make money off of them. Cynthia Creech, then living in Tennessee, to preserve the genetics from extinction stepped in to purchase most of the remaining animals including 5 cows, 4 heifers, 2 yearling bulls, a weanling bull, 2 other calves and a herd bull. Unfortunately most of the cattle were in critical condition, two of the cows died while in Massachusetts, one broke her horn during the trip, many were covered in lice and blood. But due to Cynthia's hard work they were turned into a wonderful herd of working cattle.
Randall Cattle are an all-purpose breed, meaning they originally served as dairy, meat, and draft animals. From fewer than 20 animals the breed population has increased to over 350 breeding females.
Characteristics.
Randall cattle are quite variable in size and conformation and have a constitution that is suited to the New England climate. Randalls on average are medium in size with the cows weighing about 600-1100 lbs. and bulls weighing from 1000 to 1800 lbs. or more. Randall cattle have a "Colour-sided" lineback pattern, black markings on a white base, varying from almost white to very dark. Other subtle shades such as blue, mahogany, and gray have been observed, and there are now a number of recessive reds.
Randall meat characteristics can vary between different family lines, for example some produce a lean carcass with yellow fat and others produce a beefier well marbled carcass.
Calving difficulties are rare, and metabolic disorders have not been seen. They have strong maternal and survival instincts, high intelligence, and are very docile when handled regularly.
This breed is uniquely adapted to extensive or low input farming systems. Historically, the most suitable and natural environment for these cattle has been on small scale forage-based farms, subsistence farms, and homesteads. It is on such farms and homesteads that the unique genetic attributes of the Randalls can be fully expressed.
Breed distribution.
Most Randall cattle are currently found in the Eastern United States and Canada. While breed numbers are greatly improved, the breed remains critically endangered.


Inner Mongolia College of Farming and Animal Husbandry

Inner Mongolia College of Farming and Animal Husbandry is located in Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China.(merged into Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities)


Tim Bruxner

James Caird "Tim" Bruxner (18 May 1923 – 22 August 2017) was an Australian politician who was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 3 March 1962 to 28 August 1981 and the Deputy Leader of the Country Party and its successors in New South Wales from 1975 to 1981.
Bruxner held positions as a Minister of the Crown for Housing, Cooperative Societies, Decentralisation and Development and Tourism in the cabinets of Sir Robert Askin and Tom Lewis. Under Sir Eric Willis, Bruxner was promoted as Minister for Transport and Minister for Highways. Upon losing government in 1976, Bruxner continued as Deputy Leader and Shadow Minister until his retirement from politics in 1981.
Early life and background.
James Caird Bruxner, better known as 'Tim' (which was an old family nickname), was born 18 May 1923 in Tenterfield, New South Wales, the youngest son of NSW Country Party leader Michael Frederick Bruxner, who had served as Deputy Premier of New South Wales between 1932 and 1941, and Winifred Hay "Midge" Caird. His brother, John Michael Bruxner, later became a Judge of the District Court of New South Wales. He spent his early years on the family property "Roseneath", until he left to attend Cranbrook School, Sydney, becoming School Captain in 1940.
He began to study law at the University of Sydney, but interrupted his studies to serve in the Australian military during World War II. Volunteering for overseas service, he enlisted in the 2nd Australian Imperial Force on 13 December 1941, and was posted to the 1st Armoured Division's 2/9th Armoured Regiment, serving as a corporal. Leaving the Army on 10 July 1944, Bruxner joined the Royal Australian Air Force, 7th Operational Training Unit, as a Pilot Officer. On 18 April 1945, Bruxner married Margaret Ann McLeish, with whom he had a son. Upon being discharged on 15 October 1945, Bruxner became a grazier as the owner of 'Old Auburnvale' station near Inverell, where he was a breeder of Aberdeen Angus cattle.
Political career.
When his father, Sir Michael Bruxner, retired from parliament on 5 February 1962, Bruxner gained preselection for his father's vacated seat of Tenterfield, allegedly against his parent's advice, and won it at the 1962 election for the Country Party with 50.75% of the vote. Serving in the backbenches in opposition, Bruxner was re-elected at the 1965 election with an increased margin of 57.1% of the vote. As a junior member of parliament, Bruxner continued in the backbenches when the Coalition took power under Robert Askin in 1965. He was re-elected again at the 1968 and 1971 elections with 66.9% and 56.9% respectively.
At the 1973 election, Bruxner was returned with 68.63% in Tenterfield. This time Premier Askin promoted him to Cabinet as the Minister for Housing and Minister for Cooperative Societies, which he held from 17 January 1973 to 3 December 1973, when he was further promoted as Minister for Decentralisation and Development, which was centred on the growth areas of Albury-Wodonga and Bathurst-Orange as well as overall government development across the state. On 16 December 1975, the Leader of the New South Wales Country Party, Sir Charles Cutler, retired. Bruxner put his name down to succeed Cutler as Leader, but was defeated by the Deputy Leader, Leon Punch. Bruxner then contested the vacant Deputy Leadership position against George Freudenstein. Defeating Freudenstein, Bruxner became the Deputy Leader of the renamed National Country Party. On 17 December 1975, in addition to his responsibilities for Decentralisation and Development, the new Premier, Tom Lewis, appointed him as the Minister for Tourism, which had been vacated by Cutler. A month later, on 22 January 1976, Lewis was deposed as Premier and Liberal Leader by several backbenchers and was succeeded by Education Minister Sir Eric Willis. Willis then appointed Bruxner as Minister for Transport and Minister for Highways in his new government on 23 January.
As the new Minister for Transport and Highways, Bruxner was the fourth Minister of that portfolio in a year and started amid speculation that he had been given the job to take the mess of transport, which was largely seen as a 'bad news' portfolio, away from the Liberal Party and offload it to the Country Party. Nevertheless, Bruxner took it in his stride, adopting his father's maxim that "We can't please everyone. Let us... go like the devil straight ahead." and oversaw the announcement of the Premier's Sydney Transport masterplan. Inheriting a Department that was in "dire financial straits", Bruxner found it difficult to make an impression before the Willis Government was defeated at the election on 14 May 1976.
Later life.
In opposition, Bruxner was appointed by Opposition leader Willis as Shadow Minister for Decentralisation and Development and Primary Industries. He served in this capacity under the successive Leadership of Peter Coleman until 2 November 1978. When Coleman lost his seat at the 1978 election, he was succeeded by John Mason, who appointed him as Shadow Leader of the House.
When the electoral redistribution results were published in March 1980, Tenterfield was abolished, with most going into the re-established electorate of Northern Tablelands. With this in mind, Bruxner considered his position on whether to stand again at the next election. Eventually he decided to retire as an MP and as Deputy Leader to allow younger members of the party to gain experience. Following the landslide loss at the September 1981 election, the National Country Party and the Liberals both held 14 seats. Party Leader Leon Punch then contested the vacant Leadership of the Opposition, a move which former deputy Bruxner opposed, but lost to the new leader of the Liberals, John Dowd. On his retirement, he was granted by Queen Elizabeth II, on the Governor's recommendation, retention of the title "The Honourable" for life. After leaving politics, Bruxner retired from public life and returned to his property near Inverell. He died in 2017.
References.


The Kitchin

The Kitchin is a fine dining restaurant in Edinburgh, Scotland, run by Tom Kitchin and his wife Michaela (née Berseilus). It serves fresh Scottish produce in a French style from Kitchin's time spent with Alain Ducasse. It was awarded a Michelin star within six months of opening.
Description.
The Kitchin was opened by Tom Kitchin and then fiancée Michaela Berseilus in June 2006. The building is a former whisky bond on the waterfront in the Leith area of Edinburgh. The imprint of Kitchin's work with Alain Ducasse and Pierre Koffmann is noticeable in the style of food served, and the restaurant has received support from other chefs that Kitchin has worked with; including opening with the cutlery and plates formerly used at the three-Michelin-starred restaurant La Tante Claire, operated by Koffman. The interior of the restaurant is decorated with dark woods and shades of grey by design company Cubit Design, and wallpapers by Jocelyn Warner. A window opens from the dining room onto the kitchen area itself, and it has a conservatory-style bar serving snacks and light meals.
The food merges seasonal Scottish produce with French styles and techniques; the restaurant has the mantra "from nature to plate". While chef Tom Kitchin was away filming "The Great British Menu" for the BBC in March 2008, Pierre Koffman came out of retirement to stand in as head chef.
Within six months of opening, The Kitchin was awarded a Michelin star. In 2009 the restaurant was voted as the second-best restaurant in Britain by "Eat Out Magazine", and the best restaurant in the UK by Observer Food Monthly in 2010. The team behind The Kitchin opened a second restaurant, Castle Terrace, in July 2010.
Reception.
A.A. Gill, writing in "The Sunday Times", gave The Kitchin five stars out of five, praised the common-sense approach of the menu construction, and described his food as "the best and most agreeable dinner I've eaten all year". "The Independent"'s Terry Durack gave the restaurant sixteen out of twenty, praising the informality and the avoidance of normal Michelin-star cuisine, but said that the fish course was the "duff note of the night". Zoe Williams of "The Telegraph" said that "The food ranges from extremely good to totally brilliant", but criticised the pricing, saying "This is one of the most expensive meals I've had in a year, and not, hands down, the classiest, or most effortful, or most luxurious in terms of ingredients", and gave an overall score of 7.5 out of 10.


Ovella galega

The Ovella galega (in English: "Galician sheep") is a sheep breed of Galician origin. It belongs to the branch of producers of the inter fina, whose binomial name is the "Ovis aries celtibericus". The number of animals of this breed in Galicia improved notably in the last years. In 2012 the total number of Galician sheep was 4,548 (3,862 females and 686 males) distributed in 110 farms.
Geographical distribution.
Although once found across Galicia, the breed now only exists in smaller, isolated communities throughout the region. The biggest concentration is located in Ourense, Spain, south of Lugo and the west of Pontevedra.
Morphology.
The Ovella galega is a sheep of relatively small stature, with a coat that is either all black or white in color. Males develop horns in the form of double-spirals, while in females, horns are generally diminutive if they exist at all.
There are two separate ecotypes, "Mariñano" or of the 'low areas', as well as "Montaña", of the 'high areas'. The first ecotype generally features heavier sheep, at around 35-40 kilograms in females and 50-70 kilograms in males. The second, native to higher altitudes, tend to be smaller, around 20-35 kilograms for females and 35-45 kilograms for males.
Uses.
The main use for this breed of livestock is their meat and milk production.


Manners Creek Station

Manners Creek Station is a pastoral lease that operates as a cattle station in the Northern Territory.
It is situated about south of Alpurrurulam and north east of Alice Springs. The property shares a boundary with Lucy Creek and Tarlton Downs to the west, Argadargada and Lake Nash Station to the north, Marqua and Tobermorey to the south and the border with Queensland to the east. Manners Creek, from which the station takes its name, flows through the property at the north eastern end. The Plenty Highway almost bisects the property from west to east.
The lease is just under .
The owner in 2000 was Laurie Facer who put it up for auction along with 8,000 head of Brahman cross cattle. It was passed in at 5.1 million to Nick Isak. In 2011 the area was plagued by the largest bushfires that had been seen there since the 1970s, some of neighbouring Marqua Station was burnt out.


Trapiche (winery)

Trapiche is a winery in Mendoza, Argentina. It was founded in 1883 and consists of over 1000 hectares between several Mendoza vineyards. It is a two-time winner of the International Wine and Spirit Competition Argentinian Wine Producer of the Year award, and is the largest producer of wine in Argentina. Trapiche is owned by Grupo Peñaflor, one of the first ten wine producers in the world.
History.
Trapiche was founded when bought property in Mendoza in 1883, which contained a small vineyard. Benegas named his property El Trapiche, and grew it to 6,653 hectares. When Benegas died in 1908, his business became Benegas e Hijos S.A., of which his son Pedro Benegas was the chief winemaker. Pedro Benegas created a number of new wines, including Fond de Cave, Broquel, Monitor, Crillon, Puento Viejo, Feudo Viejo, Trapiche Viejo, and Vezely. When Pedro Benegas died in 1943, the company was taken over by his sons and renamed Benegas Hermanos. In 1971, Benegas Hermanos was sold to the Pulenta family, who renamed the company Peñaflor S.A. Peñaflor continued to produce and modify its existing Trapiche, Broquel, and Puente Viejo wines, while developing new brands and its white wines.
DLJ Merchant Banking Partners acquired the Pulenta family's stake in Penaflor and Trapiche in 2002 and arranged to export Trapiche to over 40 countries, including to the United States through American wine importers Frederick Wildman & Sons. In 2002, Daniel Pi was appointed Chief Winemaker and oenologist, who consolidated all of Trapiche's winemaking and viticulture. Pi also helped establish Trapiche's line of single vineyard Malbecs, and established the Tributo winery.
In 2010, the Bemberg family acquired Grupo Peñaflor’s full stock of shares.
Wine brands.
Trapiche produces many of its varietals under the Trapiche brand name, largely coming from selected vineyards in the "high area of the Mendoza River and in the east region of Mendoza." These include a Malbec, Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir, Syrah, Chardonnay, Merlot, Torrontés, Rosé, Viognier, and a Pinot Grigio.
Trapiche sells a yearly set of single-vineyard Malbecs, created by Daniel Pi as a way to show an appreciation for smaller, individual Mendoza vineyards, some of which were cited by "Wine Spectator" as "the best wines that Trapiche has ever produced." As part of the Trapiche Single Vineyard Malbec series, Pi selects three of the best Malbec grape growers in Mendoza each year.
Awards.
Trapiche was named "Impact Magazine"'s 2007, 2008 and 2009 "Hot Brand."
It was named the "Argentinian wine producer of the year" in 2004 and 2008 by the International Wine and Spirit Competition. Trapiche wines are also frequently named to "Wine and Spirits Magazine"'s Value Brands of the Year list, noting, "It's wineries like Trapiche that have given Argentina a name for value. The brand has been a regular among our Value Brands of the Year."


Sue Anschutz-Rodgers

Sue Anschutz-Rodgers (born 1936) is an American rancher, conservationist, and philanthropist. Owner of the Crystal River Ranch in Roaring Fork Valley, Colorado, she is a strong proponent of conservationism and preservation of the heritage of the American West, and helped implement the legal concept of conservation easements in the state. She is the chair and president of the Anschutz Family Foundation, which funds nonprofits, and also heads the Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Fund, which funds projects promoting women's self-sufficiency. She is an active member of many state and national boards. She was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame in 2008 and the Colorado Business Hall of Fame in 2017.
Early life and family.
Sue Anschutz grew up in Russell, Kansas, the daughter of Frederick and Marian Pfister Anschutz. Farming was part of her family's history, as her great-grandfather, Christian Anschutz, was one of the German farmers brought to Russia by Catherine the Great to increase the yield in the Volga River valley. Anschutz eventually left Russia for America and started a farm in Kansas.
Frederick Anschutz began buying up ranches in the 1950s and tapping them for oil reserves, netting him his fortune. As a girl, Sue accompanied her father on his inspections of his oil fields, and learned to handle horses, brand cattle, and bale hay from the ranch hands. She has one younger brother, Philip, a billionaire philanthropist who heads the Anschutz Foundation.
Career.
Like her father and brother, she is a graduate of the University of Kansas, attaining her bachelor's degree in education in 1955. She began working as a teacher, returning each summer to spend time with her family at their ranch.
In 1987 she acquired ownership of the Crystal River Ranch in Roaring Fork Valley, which her father had purchased in 1966. Under her direction, the ranch's holdings grew from one bull and 33 cows to 1,700 head of cattle by 2008. In keeping with her drive for conservationism, she installed a self-propelled water system that does not use electricity or fossil fuels.
Anschutz-Rodgers is a strong proponent of conservationism and the preservation of the heritage of the American West. She spearheaded the effort to implement conservation easements in Colorado, a legal concept that shields ranchland from future real estate development.
Philanthropy.
When her father endowed the Anschutz Family Foundation in 1982, she became its executive director, president, and trustee. , she continues to serve as chair and president. From the initial endowment of $4.5 million, the foundation's assets increased to $55.5 million as of 2016, and it has awarded more than 9,000 grants worth $52.6 million in the area of human services. In the early 1990s Anschutz-Rodgers created Colorado Rural Philanthropy Days to encourage other philanthropists to fund nonprofits in the rural sector. She also heads the Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Fund, which funds projects promoting women's self-sufficiency.
In 2003, she and her brother Philip donated $2 million toward a new exhibition gallery at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science. In 2013 she endowed a $2 million chair in retinal diseases at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. In 2018, she made an additional gift to the Department of Ophthalmology and University of Colorado Hospital which led to the designation of the program as the UCHealth Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center.
Other memberships.
Anschutz-Rodgers has been an active member of numerous boards at the state and national levels, including the Aspen Valley Land Trust, the Colorado Cattlemen's Agricultural Land Trust, the Colorado Conservation Trust, the Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, the Denver Police Foundation, the Denver Museum of Nature and Science, the Jane Goodall Institute, the United States office of the Lewa Wildlife Conservancy of Kenya, and the National Fish and Wildlife Organization. She is the first woman to be named to the nine-member executive committee of the National Western Stock Show.
Awards and honors.
In 1997, Anschutz-Rodgers was honored as one of the Denver Women of Distinction by the Girl Scouts of Colorado. She was the recipient of the Citizen of the West award of the National Western Stock Show in 2006, becoming the first woman to earn that honor. In 2012, she received the George E. Cranmer Award from Colorado Open Lands for her contributions to land preservation. Also in 2012, the Denver Rescue Mission honored her as one of the four "Women Who've Changed the Heart of the City". In 2013, she received the Russell Thayer Tutt Award from the El Pomar Foundation for "exceptional leadership in the nonprofit sector".
In 2008, she was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame. In 2017, she was inducted into the Colorado Business Hall of Fame.
Personal life.
Anschutz-Rodgers is divorced and has three daughters.


Laverton Downs

Laverton Downs Station is a pastoral lease that has operated as both a cattle station and a sheep station in Western Australia.
Situated approximately to the north of Laverton and east of Leinster in the Goldfields-Esperance region. The area supports stands of saltbush and other herbage with grassy plains.
In 1925 the property was stocked with 600 head of cattle and occupied an area of and had been put on the market along with nearby Mount Crawford Station. The owner, J. MacCalmont had vastly improved the property and was running 3,000 head of cattle. It was acquired a pair of Queenslanders, Messrs Allen and Rennie. By 1928 sheep were being run at Laverton Downs with a flock of 5,500 grazing the land. Some 9,000 sheep were shorn during shearing in 1930.
George William Anderson owned the property before 1940 and was still running it in 1948.


Stanford Blade

Dr. Stanford Blade, P.Ag. currently serves as Dean of the Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences (ALES) at the University of Alberta. The faculty is made up of 500 faculty members and staff, 1600 undergraduate students and 550+ graduate students. The six areas of education and research within the Faculty are: i) helping feed the world ii) improving human health through food iii) ensuring a healthy environment iv) nurturing biorefining innovation and v) improving personal and community well-being as well as the University of Alberta Botanic Garden. The ALES annual budget of $85m includes $43m+ of industrial research investment. Dr. Blade previously served as CEO of Alberta Innovates - Bio Solutions Corporation. He was formerly the Executive Director (2006–2009) of the Alberta Agricultural Research Institute (Government of Alberta). He was previously employed as the Deputy Director General (Research) for the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) which is a research organization that is part of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research. Dr. Blade serves as a Trustee on the Board of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture and previously served as Vice-Chair on the Board of the African Agricultural Technology Foundation. He is also a Board Member of the following research organizations: Livestock Gentec, Phytola, Genome Alberta and the Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute. He is also an Associate Editor of the American Society of Agronomy's peer-reviewed international journal of agriculture and natural resource sciences-Agronomy Journal. In 2016 Dr. Blade was requested by the Government of Macedonia to serve as a Board Member of the Macedonia Fund for Innovation. In 2012 Dr. Blade was named one of Alberta's 50 most influential people by Alberta Venture magazine.
In 2018, Dr. Blade was elected as an International Fellow of the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry. Dr. Blade is a Trustee on the Board of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture.
Early life and education.
Blade was born in Alberta where he was raised on a dairy and grain farm. He attended the University of Alberta for his first degree (B.Sc.) in genetics. He obtained his M.Sc. (Crop Science) from the University of Saskatchewan for a breeding/physiology study on wheat. Blade’s doctorate was awarded by McGill University in Montreal for work done at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture on a Canadian International Development Agency Ph.D. Scholarship. The thesis topic was a plant breeding/farming systems approach to improving an indigenous grain legume (Vigna unguiculata L.) for use within the complex cereal-legume cropping systems of the West African savanna.
Career.
Blade has served in a number of leadership roles in Canada, such as the Director of the Crop Division of Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development (AAFRD), and Research Director of the Alberta Barley Commission. Dr. Blade provided direction for 200 staff people and four major research centers, as well as working with universities and the private sector to develop innovative technologies. Dr. Blade has also worked in the private sector as Research Director for the Alberta Barley Commission.
Research.
Blade’s own research successes have included the development and release of the high-performing Cutlass field pea. Blade has participated in the release of several field pea, lentil, cowpea and fenugreek lines. In addition, his research activities in crop diversification, such as his pioneering work on several new crops (low-THC hemp, medicinal plants, industrial crops, grain legumes) has created demand for Blade to serve as a global consultant and speaker. Blade has been invited to write and speak on crop diversification across Canada, the United States, Mexico, Argentina, Scotland, Germany, Poland, Sri Lanka, Australia, Libya and several other countries. Blade currently serves as an Associate Editor for the "Agronomy Journal".
Publications.
Blade has published 70+ research articles, ten book chapters, 120+ conference abstracts, and has edited four books. He has been the winner of several awards from the American Society of Agronomy and the Crop Science Society of America. Blade is a member of several professional societies and international committees. He has served on evaluation committees for the European Union, Canadian Foundation for Innovation and Food and Agriculture Organization. Blade published an article on his interaction with Nobel Prize winner Norman Borlaug in The Globe and Mail-Canada's national newspaper.


Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu

Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu (SKUAST-J) is a state agricultural university of Jammu division of the Jammu and Kashmir. SKUAST-J came into existence on 20 September 1999 following the amendment in Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Act 1982 through the State legislature. The university inherited few assets and staff deployed at various stations and sub-stations from erstwhile SKUAST(J&K) to carry on the mission of agriculture research and development. Currently, the main campus of the university, Faculty of Agriculture and Faculty of Basic Sciences is located at Chatha, Jammu. The Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry (F.V.Sc & A.H) is located at R. S. Pura, Jammu.
History.
The Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, J & K was established in 1982 with the objectives of catering to the research, education and extension education requirements of the state. The entire educational infrastructure like colleges of Agriculture, Veterinary and Forestry came up in Kashmir province only and major infrastructure for research and extension was also developed in the same region.
Subsequently, demand for the establishment of a separate Agriculture University for Jammu region was desired because the Jammu region is different from the Kashmir division with regard to its livestock, type and pattern of cropping and other factors. The problems of Jammu region are location-specific in research on crops, pulses, fruits, oil-seeds, vegetables, agriculture, species of livestock and poultry.
Keeping these considerations in view, the then Prime Minister of India, Sh. H.D. Deve Gowda, during his visit to Jammu in 1996, announced the establishment of a separate Agricultural University for Jammu region. His successor-in-office, Sh. I. K. Gujral, subsequently reiterated this commitment.
Following these announcements, the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) constituted a committee popularly known as the Madan Committee. The Committee recommended, in principle, the establishment of the separate Agricultural University for Jammu. Accordingly, the Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology Act of 1982 was amended by the State legislature providing for a separate Agricultural University by the same name (SKUAST of Jammu).


Conservatoire botanique national de Brest

The Conservatoire botanique national de Brest (32 hectares) is a notable botanical garden located at 52 Allée du Bot, Brest, Finistère, in the region of Brittany, France. It is open daily without charge.
The conservatory site was formerly a quarry and rubbish dump, purchased in 1971 by the municipality to create open space. The conservatory itself was founded in 1977 with a primary mission of preserving endangered species from the Armorican Massif (including parts of Brittany, Basse-Normandie and Pays de la Loire), France, Europe, and islands around the world, but also including plants from China, Japan, the Americas, Australia, and New Zealand. Since 1990 it has been designated a National Botanical Conservation Center to protect endangered and protected plants of the Armorican Massif.
Today the conservatory contains a remarkable collection of endangered plants, totaling about 1700 species, of which 20 species have been preserved in large part by the conservatory's actions. These very rare plants include "Brighamia insignis", "Centaurium favargeri", "Cheirolophus massonianus", "Cylindrocline lorencei", "Dombeya cacuminum", "Hibiscus insularis", "Hibiscus liliiflorus", "Impatiens thomassetii", "Limonium humile", "Normania triphylla", "Ruizia cordata", and "Trochetia boutoniana".
Additional specimens of interest include "Amorphophallus titanum", "Asparagus fallax", "Astrophytum myriostigma", "Angraecum sesquipedale", "Commelina rupicola", "Geranium maderense", "Hibiscus storckii" ("H. rosa-sinensis"), "Lavandula pinnata", "Limonium dendroides", "Monizia edulis", "Pachypodium rosulatum", "Pelargonium cotyledonis", "Tolpis glabrescens", "Tournefortia bojeri", and "Turbina inopinata".
The conservatory includes greenhouses (1000 m² total area), containing over 200 taxa of which 95% are endangered, which are subdivided into four sections: tropical mountains, dry tropics, humid tropical forests, and subtropical ocean islands. It also contains a herbarium (about 5,000 specimens) and cold storage rooms for packs of seeds.


William Forrester (politician)

William Forrester (16 March 1855 – 23 October 1926) was a Liberal party and Laurier Liberals member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in St. Marys, Canada West and became a farmer and manufacturer.
He was first elected to Parliament at the Perth South riding in the 1921 general election after an unsuccessful campaign there in the 1917 election as a Laurier Liberal. After serving his only federal term, the 14th Canadian Parliament, Forrester left the House of Commons and did not seek another term in the 1925 election.


Old German Owl pigeon

The Old German Owl () is a breed of fancy pigeon, and the originator of the short faced German Shield Owls. It was the first breed in Germany to be called "Mövchen" ("Little Gull") due to its resemblance to the silver gull in color and markings. The breed was again formally recognized in Germany in 1956, but the first official standard was not adopted in Europe until 1960. The standard was adopted by the National Pigeon Association of America in 1999.


Gunpowder tea

Gunpowder tea (; pronounced ) is a form of tea in which each leaf has been rolled into a small round pellet. Its English name comes from its resemblance to grains of gunpowder. This rolling method of shaping tea is most often applied either to dried green tea (the most commonly encountered variety outside China) or oolong tea.
Gunpowder tea production dates back to the Tang Dynasty 618–907. It was first introduced to Taiwan in the nineteenth century. Gunpowder tea leaves are withered, steamed, rolled, and then dried. Although the individual leaves were formerly rolled by hand, today all but the highest grade gunpowder teas are rolled by machines. Rolling renders the leaves less susceptible to physical damage and breakage and allows them to retain more of their flavor and aroma. In addition, it allows certain types of oolong teas to be aged for decades if they are cared for by being occasionally roasted.
Shiny pellets indicate that the tea is relatively fresh. Pellet size is also associated with quality, larger pellets being considered a mark of lower quality tea. High quality gunpowder tea will have small, tightly rolled pellets. The tea is divided into several grades using a combination of numbers and letters. As an example 3505AAA is considered the highest grade while 9375 is a relatively lower grade.
Varieties.
When sold as a variety of tea, gunpowder tea has several varieties:
Several types of green teas are commonly rolled into "gunpowder" form, including Chunmee, Tieguanyin, Huang Guanyin, and Dong Ding, as well as many other oolong and higher-end jasmine teas.
Etymology.
In Mandarin, gunpowder tea is called "zhū chá" (珠茶; literally "pearl tea" or "bead tea"; not to be confused with boba tea).
The origin of the English term may come from the tea's similarity in appearance to actual gunpowder: grayish, dark pellets of irregular shape used as explosive propellant for early guns. The name may also have arisen from the fact that the grey-green leaf is tightly rolled into a tiny pellet and "explodes" into a long leaf upon being steeped in hot water. Another explanation is that the tea can also have a smoky flavor.
It is also possible that the English term may stem from the Mandarin Chinese phrase for "freshly brewed", "gāng pào de" (剛泡的), which sounds like the English word "gunpowder."
Brewing methods.
While brewing methods vary widely by tea and individual preferences, 1 teaspoon of looseleaf tea is recommended for every 150 ml (5.07 oz) of water. Ideal water temperature for this type of tea is between and . For the first and second brewing, leaves should be steeped for around one minute. It is also recommended that the tea cup or tea pot used be rinsed with hot water prior to brewing the tea to warm the vessels. When brewed, gunpowder tea is a yellow color.
Use in the Maghreb.
Gunpowder tea is exported to the Maghreb where it is used in the preparation of traditional North African mint tea. The Moroccan tea ritual is at the heart of any social gathering, from an informal visit to a neighbor to lavish soirees with dignitaries. Mint tea is made by adding mint and sugar or honey to gunpowder tea while brewing.


Long Shop Museum

The Long Shop Museum is an industrial museum in the town of Leiston in the English county of Suffolk. The museum is dedicated to the history of Richard Garrett & Sons who manufactured agricultural machinery, steam engines and trolleybuses in Leiston.
The museum is housed in one of the remaining part of Leiston Works. It was built in 1852–3 as an engineering workshop for the manufacture of portable steam engines and consists of an open central area and fitters' galleries on the level of the first floor. The building is a Grade II* listed building.


Ion Pelivan

Ion Gheorghe Pelivan (April 1, 1876 in Răzeni – January 25, 1954 in Sighet) was a Moldovan politician.
In 1898, Ion Pelivan graduated from the Theological Seminary of Chişinău and in 1903 from the University of Tartu. Then he worked as jurist in Bălţi.
Pelivan was the Foreign Minister of Moldova in Pantelimon Erhan Cabinet and Daniel Ciugureanu Cabinet.


Chaves wine

Chaves is a Portuguese wine region centered on the town of Chaves in the Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro region. The region was initially a separate "Indicação de Proveniencia Regulamentada" (IPR) region, but in 2006, it became one of three subregions of the Trás-os-Montes DOC, which has the higher "Denominação de Origem Controlada" (DOC) status. Its name may still be indicated together with that of Trás-os-Montes, as Trás-os-Montes-Chaves.
Located along the Tamega river, the region produces light bodied wines that are similar in style to wines produces in the Douro DOC.
Grapes.
The main grapes of the Chaves region include Bastardo, Boal, Codega, Gouveio, Malvasia Fina, Tinta Carvalha and Tinta Amarela.


Dresden Trumpeter

The Dresden Trumpeter is a breed of fancy pigeon developed over many years of selective breeding.
Origin.
Saxony, in the region of Dresden.
Overall Impression.
Only slightly sturdier than the Field Pigeon, low carriage, a rather long than short effect required. White wing shield. Double-crested.
Colours.
Red and yellow, very occasionally black.
Markings.
White wing shields. All other feathers coloured.
Defects.
Thin or weak body, upright stance; too much of a blue tinge in the colouring, white feathers in the primaries, muffs, tail, thighs and head; distorted beak crest; narrow, distorted or incomplete shell crest; muffs which are too short or full of gaps.
Order of Evaluation: Overall Impression - body size - carriage - markings - head adornment.


Fragas do Eume

The Fragas do Eume is a natural park situated in north-west Spain. "Fraga" is a Galician word for "natural woodland", (old-growth forest) and the park is an example of a temperate rainforest in which oak ("Quercus robur" and "Quercus pyrenaica") is the climax vegetation. The protected area extends along the valley of the river Eume within the Ferrolterra municipalities of Pontedeume, Cabanas, A Capela, Monfero, Pontedeume, and As Pontes de García Rodríguez. Some 500 people reside within the park. The monastery of Saint John of Caaveiro also lies within the park.
The area was declared a natural park (a level of protection lower than national park) in 1997. It is one of six natural parks in Galicia. The European Union has recognised the park as a Site of Community Importance. There are a number of species of ferns. Invertebrate species include the Kerry slug and it is an important site for amphibians.
Environmental Disaster.
On March 31, 2012 a fire destroyed the heart of the park. At the beginning of the disaster was estimated within the 1000 hectares burned. The work of extinguishing the fire took 3 days. On Tuesday April, 3rd, the fire was controlled.


Tri Coloured Dutch

The Tri-Colour Dutch (also known as the "Japanese Dutch" or "Harlequin Dutch") is a breed of domestic rabbit created in the Netherlands by crossing tortoiseshell Dutch rabbits with Harlequin rabbits. The Tri-Colour Dutch breed is recognized by the British Rabbit Council but not by the American Rabbit Breeders Association (although there are breeders of Harlequin Dutch rabbits in the USA). The coat of the Tri-Colour Dutch is white in the same places as a Dutch rabbit, but the coloured portions of the coat are a mix of orange with either black, blue or chocolate.
Appearance.
The BRC Breed Standard states:
1. Body and type - Body is cobby, head held well between shoulders, which are firm and well muscled. Ears strong, well carried, length not to exceed 10 cm (4 inch). Chest wide and well formed. Front feet medium length—Straight and fairly fine bone. Back feet held parallel to body. Pattern on head - Cheeks well rounded must not touch whisker bed or corners of mouth or over past the cheekbone
2. Design and colour - One cheek must be orange-the other cheek black with ears black on orange side and orange on black cheek side. Blaze is white. It commences as a point starting from near the ear roots and gradually widens evenly passing between the eyes on to the neck and nape. This white must be as wide as possible. Must not pass between the ears. The saddle must make a true ring around the body and be placed 2–3 cm (3/4-1.1/4 inches) behind the front feet. The coloured half must be 2–3 cm (3/4-1.1/4 inches) banded as regularly as possible with alternating bands of black and orange. Stops regular.
Colours- Also recognisable, blue to replace black, chocolate to replace black,
3. Fur - Thick and lustrous with plenty of under coat and guard hairs.
Weight- 1.70-2.5 kg (3.3/4- 5.1/2 lb).
Faults.
Coloured fur on white part or white patches on the coloured parts.
DISQUALIFICATIONS -Discoloured or wall eyes (pale blue iris), specked eyes (pale blue spots or specks on the iris). Flesh markings (usually on ears). Trimming (attempts to straighten out irregularities, dyeing white spots on coloured fur, etc.). Malocclusion and mutilated teeth.


Jane Swain Adams

Jane Swain Adams (28 February 18519 November 1934) was an Australian farmer who built the Mangowine Homestead with her husband.
Biography.
Jane Swain Adams was born in Toodyay, Western Australia on 28 February 1851, the second of four children of Scottish-born farmer Charles and his wife Jane Mary ( Cameron) Glass. A young Jane Adams married cobbler Charles Frederick Adams on 6 November 1868.
The Adams originally established a farm at Yarragin, then in 1875 they moved to Mangowine, near Nungarin the furthermost east of any settler at that time where they built the Mangowine Homestead. In 1887 Adams commenced keeping meteorological records, a task she continued until her death in 1934. With the discovery of gold at Yilgarn in 1888, Charles built an inn at the homestead, which Jane ran until Mangowine was bypassed by the rail line from Northam to Southern Cross. They closed the inn in 1893. Charles died in 1895, and Jane continued to run the farm providing fresh produce for travellers and railway workers. She successfully tendered for the mail run in 1896, with their son Charles as the mail man.
In early 1900s more settlers took up farming in the region; many of these people were inexperienced in farming the tough conditions, and they turned to Adams for help and advice. The town of Nungarin was established in 1910. In 1929 Adams was the guest of honour for the opening of the Barbalin Water Scheme. Adams died on 9 November 1934 at Mangowine, and was buried in the Nungarin Cemetery. In 1935 a memorial was erected in her memory.
Adams was inducted into the Royal Agricultural Society of Western Australia's "Agricultural Hall of Fame" in 2003.


Furmint

Furmint is a white Hungarian wine grape variety that is most noted widely grown in the Tokaj-Hegyalja wine region where it is used to produce single-varietal dry wines as well as being the principal grape in the better known Tokaji dessert wines. It is also grown in the tiny Hungarian wine region of Somló. Furmint plays a similar role in the Slovakian wine region of Tokaj. It is also grown in Austria where it is known as "Mosler". Smaller plantings are found in Slovenia where it is known as "Šipon". The grape is also planted in Croatia, where it is known as "Moslavac". It is also found in Romania and in former republics of the Soviet Union. Furmint is a late ripening variety. For dry wines the harvest starts usually in September, however sweet wine specific harvest can start in the second half of October or even later, and is often affected by "Botrytis".
The name Furmint may have been taken from the word "froment" for the wheat-gold color of the wine it produces. While it is possible that the grape was brought to Hungary in the 13th century during the reign of King Béla IV, ampelographers believe that the grape is likely native to the region.
History.
Furmint has been growing in the Tokaji region of north-eastern Hungary since at least the late 16th century when a document dated May 15, 1571 described the grape growing in the Hétszőlő vineyard in Tokaj. In 1611, the grape was also noted to have been growing in the Gyepű Valley of the Zemplén Mountains near the town of Erdőbénye, about north of Tokaj.
While many other wine grapes have been used in the production of the historic Tokaji dessert wine, Furmint's use for the wine was well established by at least the late 18th century when, in 1796, the Hungarian politician János Dercsényi described Furmint as the "genuine Tokaji Aszú" grape.
Origins.
In the early 21st century, DNA analysis confirmed that a parent-offspring relationship exist between Furmint and the Hunnic grape Gouais blanc. As Gouais blanc, has been noted in documents since the early Middle Ages and has been well established as the parent of several grape varieties such as Riesling, Chardonnay, Elbling and Gamay, ampelographers believe that Furmint is likely the offspring of Gouais blanc instead of the other way around.
DNA analysis also suggested that parent-offspring relationships exist with the Hungarian wine grape Hárslevelű and the Swiss wine grape Plantscher but instead of either being the second parent to Furmint with Gouais blanc, ampelographers believe that it is more likely that Furmint is one of the parent variety for both grapes.
Like Pinot noir, Sangiovese and many other grape varieties, Furmint has beget over centuries a variety of clones, including a pink-skinned color mutation known as "Piros Furmint". As nearly all of these clones are found, almost exclusively, within the Tokaji region, ampelographers believe that it is highly probable that Furmint originated in this part of Hungary.
Other theories.
Other theories of Furmint's origins have the grape being introduced to the Austro-Hungarian area in the Middle Ages. As noted by Master of Wine Jancis Robinson, the grape may have been brought to Hungary in the 13th century during the reign of King Béla IV. Following the destruction of the Mongolian invasion of Hungary, Béla wanted to quickly revive the country's devastated vineyards. The king instituted several policies encouraging mass immigration of people knowledgeable in viticulture and winemaking. Many of the immigrants that heeded Béla's call brought new grape varieties with them - one of which may have been Furmint.
Another theory has the grape being introduced even early by Italian missionaries during the reign of Stephen II of Hungary. This theory, as noted by the French ampelographer Pierre Galet, could have Furmint originating from the Lazio city of Formia located along the Appian Way with the name being a corruption of Formia's Latin name "Formianum". A later Italian introduction is credited to a soldier from Collio Goriziano region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia who fought in the Seven Years' War between 1754 (sometimes dated to 1756) and 1763. The soldier, who was nicknamed "Forment" from the Italian "fromento" for "wheat" due to his wheat-colored, reddish blonde beard, was granted the title of Count of Formentin by Empress Maria Theresa. In gratitude, according to this legend, the Count sent grapevines from his native land to the Empress who had them planted in Tokaji.
However, ampelographers often dismiss these Italian origin theories because, in addition to documentation showing Furmint growing in Hungary before the Seven Years' War, DNA evidence has not connected Furmint to any Italian grape variety (as a sibling or, more likely, a parent through a natural crossing) which would seem unlikely if Furmint did originate in Italy.
Other theories for Furmint's origin note the grape's similarities to the Savoy wine grape Altesse and speculate that the grape may have originated there or even in Byzantium where, according to legend, Altesse was brought back to Savoy in 1367 by Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy. The Syrmia region with Serbia has also been listed as one potential birthplace for the grape.
Viticulture.
Furmint is a late-ripening grape variety that also tends to buds early in the growing season which can make the grapevine susceptible to springtime frosts. While the loose-bunches and thick-skins of the berries make Furmint ideal for producing botrytized dessert wines, the grape can be susceptible to the viticultural hazard of powdery mildew. The Furmint vine has a high tolerance for drought condition which can allow the grape to be planted in regions with limited irrigation sources.
In Hungary, Furmint has shown a high degree of genetic diversity with several clones and color mutation of the grape being propagated in the Tokaji region. Several of these clones, including the Féher (white), Holyagos and Madárkás clones were well known and in production prior to World War II. Other common clones of Furmint used in wine production includes the loose-berried Lazafürtű and the Változó (variable) clone and the pink-skinned color mutation of Piros Furmint. Ampelographers have noted the proliferation of so many clones of Furmint found almost exclusively in the Tokaj region of Hungary are strong indicators that the grape likely originated in this region as opposed to be introduced from another area.
Relationship to other grapes.
DNA profiling conducted at the University of Zagreb has shown Furmint to be likely to have a parent-offspring relationship with Gouais blanc, which similar research elsewhere has shown to be a parent of numerous other varieties, making Furmint a half-sibling to nearly 80 different grape varieties. Furmint has also been confirmed to be the same grape as the Croatian white variety "Moslavac".
Currently, there are only two known (or suspected) natural crossings of Furmint—the Tokaji wine grape Hárslevelű and the Swiss wine grape Plantscher. In 1937, Furmint was crossed with the Croatian wine grape Malvazija Istarska to create Vega. The grape has also been used to create the Italian wine grapes Bussanello (with Riesling Italico) and Fubiano (with Trebbiano) and the Hungarian grape Oremus/Zéta (with Bouvier).
Confusion with other varieties.
Furmint shares a wide range of synonyms with several other European grape varieties - such as Sauvignon vert which was once known under the synonym of Tocai Friulano even though the grape was probably never used in the production of Tokay. To confuse things further, not only does Furmint share several synonyms with Sauvignon vert but "Sauvignon vert" itself is a synonym for the "green berry" sub-variety of Furmint. This, coupled with physical similarities between several strains of white grapevines makes identification of different wines, particularly those in developing Eastern European countries difficult.
The grape shares some morphological similarities with the Savoy wine grape Altesse and has been historically confused with the French wine grape variety. In Hungary, Furmint is sometimes confused with Kéknyelű while on the island of Korčula, in Croatia, the grape has been confused with Pošip. The Romanian wine grape Grasă de Cotnari and the Bosnian wine grape Žilavka also shares several synonyms with Furmint and are, thusly, often confused with the grape.
Wine regions.
In 2006, there were of Furmint in cultivation in Hungary, more than 97% of which found in the Tokaj-Hegyalja region. The remaining plantings are found in the western Hungarian region of Somló. In Tokaj, the grape is often blended with Hárslevelű and Sárga Muskotály (Muscat blanc à Petits Grains) to produce the noble rot-influenced dessert wine Tokaji. Around the villages of Mád, Tállya, Rátka and Tolcsva in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County, the grape has a long history of being used for dry wine production as well. Dry Furmint came to the attention of wine connoisseurs and experts of the world when the Úrágya 2000 single vineyard selection was introduced by István Szepsy. The wine expressed great minerality, complexity and structure, which has been experienced only in the finest white wines of historic regions like Burgundy or the Mosel before. The aging potential was also promising. In 2003 more producers of Mád village produced single vineyard selected dry Furmint wines with great success.
Mád village with its almost 1200 ha had the opportunity to produce high quality dry Furmint wine in significant quantity as a commune level wine, which can express the unique volcanic terroir of the region.
Outside Hungary.
Outside Hungary, it is found planted around the Crimea where producers have endeavored to make their own versions of Tokaji. For the same reason, small plantings of the grape have been done in the Swartland region of South Africa. In Austria it is most commonly found in Burgenland (where is known as "Zapfner")) and Styria (where it is known as "Mosler").
In the Burgenland region (now in Austria), Furmint was historically associated with the production of the sweet dessert wine "Ausbruch". The grape gradually fell out of favor in the Burgenland but in the 21st century, several "Ausbruch" winemakers (particularly around Rust) have been rediscovering the grape's potential in their area. In 2010, there were of the grape in cultivation in Austria, mostly around Rust.
Across the border from Hungary, in Slovakia, Furmint is most commonly used in the production of sweet wines in the Tokaj region that includes several towns within the Trebišov District: Bara, Čerhov, Černochov, Malá Tŕňa, Slovenské Nové Mesto, Veľká Tŕňa, and Viničky.
In Slovenia, Furmint is known as Šipon with in cultivation in 2009, mostly along the Podravina river in the Styria region. Here the grape is often made as a varietal wine in both dry and sweet, Tokaji-like styles. Furmint is also known as Šipon in Croatia (where it is also known as Moslavac) as well. Here the grape is almost always used to make dry style wine with of the variety in cultivation as of 2008. In Zagreb County of the Moslavina region, Croatian wine producers have also been experimenting with using Furmint in sparkling wines, often blended with Chardonnay and Pinot blanc.
In the United States, there are some isolated plantings of Furmint in the California wine region of the Russian River AVA of Sonoma County.
Wines and styles.
Furmint can be produced in a variety of styles ranging from bone dry to extremely sweet wines affected by noble rot. The grape has the potential to produce wines with naturally high levels of acidity with complex flavors derived from phenolic compounds in the juice and through brief contact with the grape skins. Furmint wines, particularly the botrytized dessert wines, can have immense aging potential with some well made examples from favorable vintages continuing to age for over a century. These wines, described by wine expert Oz Clarke as nearly "immortal", are most often the "aszú" style wines of Tokaji made from the top 10-15% of Furmint harvested. This potential comes from the balance of acidity and high levels of sugars in the wine which act as preservatives during the aging process.
Dry styles of Furmint are characterized by their aroma notes of smoke, pears and lime. Dessert style wines can develop notes of marzipan, blood orange, apricots and barley sugar. As these dessert styles of Furmint age they will often develop more smokey and spicy notes of tobacco, tea, cinnamon and even chocolate.
Synonyms.
Over the years, Furmint has been known under a variety of synonyms including: Allgemeiner, Alte Sestrebe, Arany Furmint, Beregi Furmint, Bieli Moslavac, Biharboros, Bihari Boros, Budai Goher, Cimigera, Csapfner, Csillagviraga Furmint, Damzemy, Demjen, Domjen, Edelweisser Tokayer, Edler weisser Furmint, Féher Furmint (in Tokaj), Formint, Formont, Fourminte, Furmint bianco, Furmint de Minis, Furmint Féher, Furmint Szagos, Furmint Valtozo, Gelber Moster, Gemeiner, Görgeny, Görin, Goher Féher, Gorin, Grasă de Cotnari, Holyagos Furmint, Jardanszki Furmint, Keknyelü, Keresztesevelu Furmint, Kiraly Furmint, Krhkopetec, Lazafürtű Furmint (in Tokaj), Ligetes Furmint, Luttenberger, Madarkas Furmint, Mainak, Maljak, Malmsey, Malnik, Malvasia verde, Malvoisie verte, Malzak, Mehlweiss, Moscavac bijeli, Moslavac, Moslavac bijeli, Moslavac zuti, Moslavina, Mosler (in Austria), Mosler gelb, Mosler gelber, Moslertraube, Moslovac (in Croatia), Moslovez, Nemes Furmint, Poam Grasa, Poma Grasa, Poshipon, Pošip, Pošipbijeli, Pošipveliki, Pošip Vrgonski, Posipel, Posipon, Pospisel, Rongyos Furmint, Salver, Sari Furmint, Sauvignon Vert, Schimiger, Schmiger, Seestock, Seeweinrebe, Shipo, Shipon, Shiponski, Sipelj, Šipon (in Slovenia and northern Croatia), Som (in Transylvania), Som shipo, Somszölö, Szala, Szalai, Szalai janos, Szalay Göreny, Szegszolo, Szegzölö, Szigethy Szöllö, Szigeti, Toca, Toca Tokai, Tokai Krupnyi, Tokaiskii, Tokaisky, Tokaijer, Tokay (in France), Tokayer, Ungarische, Weisslabler, Weisslauber, Zapfete, Zapfner, Zopfner (in Germany) and Zilavka.


Bronco Wine Company

The Bronco Wine Company is a vintner that produces wines under many brands and is based in Ceres, California. It is the fourth largest producer of wine in the United States.
Fred and Joe Franzia attended Santa Clara University and picked their school symbol for the company. Bronco is a contraction of Brothers and Cousin, after the three founders.
Key people.
CEO Fred Franzia, nephew of wine legend Ernest Gallo, started Bronco Wine in 1973, with his brother, Joseph, and cousin, John Franzia, after the Franzia winery business was purchased by Coca-Cola and then later by the Wine Group, a privately held bulk wine producer based in San Francisco (the source of the "bag-in-box" wines that bear the Franzia name, but which have no connection to either the Franzia family or to Bronco).
Land holdings.
Bronco owns over 35,000 acres (140 km) of vineyards most of which are located in California's Central Valley. With storage and production facilities in Ceres, Napa Valley, Sonoma Valley, Escalon and Madera. The wine producer has the capacity to produce 61 million gallons (230 million L) of wine annually. Total annual sales are approximately 20 million cases.
Marketing.
Bronco Wine is best known for its Charles Shaw brand of varietals, which for over ten years were commonly nicknamed "Two Buck Chuck" because of the retail price of $1.99 a bottle at Trader Joe's stores in California and some other states. Slightly higher prices prevail elsewhere, mainly because of transport costs.
Franzia's marketing methods contrast with those of his higher priced competitors, although he is also credited with introducing new consumers to the wine market and ultimately to the premium brands. His business model is based on ownership of over , largest in the country, and the continuing surplus of grapes.
Franzia himself has said in reference to claims that he sells wine for virtually the same price as a bottle of water:
"They're overcharging for the water. Don't you get it?".
and
"I don't make wine to put in a closet. We sell wine to drink."
In August 2013, Bronco Wine Company entered into a marketing campaign for its Allure Moscato wine products in partnership with Hip Hop artist Warren G and Brand Elite, LLC.
Media reports.
A profile in "SF Weekly" noted:
Franzia, his brother, and a cousin co-own Bronco and control at least 35,000 acres (140 km²) of vineyards under cultivation in the Central Valley, more than any other entity...Bronco also controls its own distribution company, Classic Wines of California...an empire that stretches from near Sacramento to the edge of the Tehachapi Mountains an hour north of Los Angeles, where Bronco is busy planting at least one new "section" – which is to say, 640 acres (2.6 km²), or a square mile – each year.
Franzia and Bronco were also featured in the 2007 documentary "A State of Vine".
Legal problems.
In 1993 Franzia and Bronco Wine Company were indicted on federal charges of conspiracy to defraud by misrepresenting cheaper grapes as premium Zinfandel and Cabernet Sauvignon. Bronco pleaded no contest and paid a $2.5 million fine. Franzia also pleaded guilty for his involvement, paid a $500,000 fine, stepped down as Bronco's president and member of the company's board of directors and agreed to refrain from having any involvement with grape purchasing for five years in lieu of prison time.
Franzia has also been at odds with California's premium winemakers for several years over his inclusion of "Napa" and other related appellation terms on labels of his wines. Franzia sued the state of California over implementation of a 2000 law that tightened federal labeling laws. His lawsuit was unsuccessful initially and up through the appeals process as well; he eventually sought certiorari in the United States Supreme Court, but the Court declined to take the case.
Labor problems.
On May 16, 2008, a pregnant, 17-year-old farm worker collapsed and later died while pruning vines at a vineyard east of Stockton, California, owned by West Coast Grape Farming, a division of Bronco Wines. Though a labor subcontractor was charged with involuntary manslaughter in the death, West Coast Grape Farming and Bronco Wines were not implicated.
Wine awards.
The affordable Charles Shaw Chardonnay wine beat out 350 other California chardonnays to win the double gold at the 2007 California State Fair Commercial Wine Competition. Charles Shaw Chardonnay is mass-produced in California and sold only through Trader Joe's grocery stores. "We choose to sell good quality wines at $2 a bottle because we think it's a fair price," Fred Franzia told ABC News. "We think the other people are charging too much."
Brands.
The Bronco Wine Company maintains over 250 brands of wine, including:


Charles Abbey

Charles Roy Abbey (24 November 1913 – 2 September 1982) was an Australian farmer and politician who served as a Liberal Party member of the Legislative Council of Western Australia from 1958 to 1977.
Abbey was born in Fremantle to Clara Gertrude (née Berry) and Charles Thomas Abbey. His parents moved to Beverley (a Wheatbelt farming community) when he was a small child. Abbey worked as a shop assistant after leaving school and then turned to farming, leasing a property near the Dale River for five years before purchasing it outright. He was prominent in local agricultural circles and also served on the Beverley Road Board from 1953 to 1962. Abbey entered parliament at the 1958 Legislative Council election, defeating Norm Baxter of the Country Party in Central Province. After a redistribution, he transferred to West Province at the 1965 state election, which he held until his retirement in 1977. Abbey retired to Mandurah, dying there in September 1982 (aged 68). He had married Winifred Doreen Strange in 1941, with whom he had one daughter.


Pao Pienlert Boripanyutakit

General Pao Pienlert Boripanyutakit (; November 10, 1893 to March 4, 1970) was a Thai political figure who served as a Minister of Finance and Minister of Commerce.
Biography.
Pao was the second oldest of 12 children. He lived and studied in military school in Thailand until the age of 16 at which time he went abroad to continue military study on full scholarship. He first studied in Germany until World War I broke out, after which he was transferred to Switzerland and later to Paris, France when Thailand participated in World War I at École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr to complete his education. In Paris, he also served at the Thai Embassy in Paris as assistance of Defence Attaché during his study time and after graduation.
He returned to Thailand at the age of 28 and served as an army official until he was given the official Title by the King as Phra Boripanyutakit at the age of 36. He was named one of the 19 highest-ranking officials in his nation's army, serving as a liaison between the Thai Army and the Allies force during World War I.
He spoke fluent French, German and Thai, and English.
He was the Minister of Finance of Thailand, serving two different terms, from December 17, 1941 – August 1, 1944 and December 8, 1951 – March 30, 1953.
He was the 7th Minister of Commerce of Thailand for 8 terms (February 12, 1935 to February 16, 1942, from May 29, 1948 to November 29, 1951, and again from March 31, 1957 to September 16, 1957).
His most notable contribution to finance was that he helped established the foreign currency exchange of Thailand in 1955. In commerce, he helped industrialize the enamelling process for porcelain and metals commercially, started the Export program for the rice industry in Thailand, and helped to create the first seaport in Thailand.


Arthur Postle

Arthur Benjamin Postle (8 March 1881 – 21 April 1965) was an Australian professional athlete, one of the country's most renowned sprinters in the early twentieth century. Born in Queensland and becoming a professional runner in 1902, Postle rose to prominence for the defeat of Beauchamp Day – then an Irish world champion – at Kalgoorlie in Western Australia in December 1906. Known thereafter as 'The Crimson Flash' for his coloured running costume, Postle also acquired the moniker "The Mighty Postle" for his defeat of Bill Growcott two years later in England, Growcott being England's champion runner. Postle's career took him throughout the United Kingdom and to New Zealand as well as across Australia, where he had a rivalry with fellow Australian champion Jack Donaldson.
Postle set world records for fifty, sixty, seventy-five, eighty and two-hundred yard sprints during his career, which ended in 1913 a year after his marriage to an Englishwoman. He ventured into business, and then became a farmer until full-retirement during the Second World War. He had four children who all survived him upon his death in Brisbane. Edward Seldon Sears wrote that Postle, together with Donaldson, had "few peers among sprinters of their day" and since his retirement he has been considered one of "the greatest of all Australian runners".
Career.
Early life.
Postle was born in Springside near Pittsworth, in the Darling Downs of the Australian state of Queensland. Part of a large family, Postle was the second-oldest of nine children for Arthur Benjamin Postle Snr. and Frances Postle, née Honor. Postle's father was born in Melbourne, while his mother was English.
Postle was schooled at Springside State School, starting there in 1888. He showed much promise as a runner from early on in his career, and after leaving education in 1893 to work on his father's farm he continued to compete in local athletics tournaments. For one, he needed to catch an early morning train, which he missed. He nevertheless decided to walk the distance to the track, which took him all day.
His father disapproved of Postle's running aspirations; the family farm struggled constantly against drought. Postle was coached instead by his uncle who owned a farm next door on which he had cut a running track. After years work on his father's farm, Postle left to pursue his athletic career in 1899, while his brothers all remained to continue farming.
Professional career.
Postle's early, unsuccessful, attempts in the Stawell Gift in 1901 and 1903 garnered for him some local notoriety, and he became a professional runner in 1902. His training focused largely on his technique at the start of his run. He used an unusual starting technique, with his left side prominent and his fingers spread wide. He "emphasised rhythmical breathing during springing, followed his sessions with cold showers, employed an experienced masseur who used oil... and took iron tonic occasionally and castor oil". Postle adhered to a strict diet – foods with high fat contents including milk, eggs and steak – largely based on experience rather than scientific research, which was minimal at the time. He was victorious in games held at Charters Towers and Townsville in the winter of 1904–05, becoming "unbeatable up to eighty yards". In April 1905 he won one-hundred and thirty and four-hundred and forty yard sprints at Bendigo, and in June he was victorious in a one-hundred yard run in Sydney. He returned to Townsville in September to come second in a seventy-five-yard sprint; he went back to Charters Towers in October and won prize money for his racing – equivalent to 130 Pound Sterling; he won £75 more in January, and twice again in February 1906, across several races. His later defeat of South African Reggie Walker brought him a diamond-encrusted necklace.
In 1906, in front of a 20,000-strong crowd at Kalgoorlie gold mine, Postle defeated Beauchamp Day, a champion Irish runner sponsored by promoter Rufus Naylor, in a seventy-five-yard spring. Postle's 7.20-second time was a new world record, and his achievements attracted athlete Jack Todd who became Postle's coach. He returned to the event a year later in 1907 and, being beaten in the semi-final unexpectedly by J. Condon, immediately proceeded to jump the perimeter fence and run to a local bookmakers to place money on Condon winning the final, an event which passed into folklore and is remembered often in Australian sprinting.
In 1908 at Durban Postle ran fifty yards in 5.20 seconds, another record, and later the same year he set yet another world record, running sixty yards in 6.1 seconds. His defeat of Bill Growcott in England, and his trademark crimson running gear, earned him the nicknames 'The Mighty Postle' and 'The Crimson Flash'. The "Albany Advertiser" recalled in 1937 that "he was always smartly attired in bright red silk singlet and knickers" which led to the latter moniker. He also opted to use a number of emblems to represent his nationality, in an era before standardised colours and emblems were used by Australian sportsmen. In addition to his crimson vest he wore green shorts with gold trim, and his shirt had an emu and a kangaroo, one on each breast.
As Postle's notoriety grew, a rivalry began between Jack Donaldson – a prolific Australian sprinter nicknamed 'Blue Streak' – and himself. Postle and American runner Charles Holway challenged Donaldson to a race at Johannesburg in February 1910 to decide who would be crowned World Champion over a one-hundred yard sprint. Though Postle began quickest, he was overtaken by Donaldson at eighty yards and the latter was victorious by 2.4 yards. Postle and Donaldson continued their rivalry, with the former dominating shorter sprints and the latter commanding the one-hundred yard runs – aside from on one occasion in 1912 when Postle defeated his rival in runs of seventy-five, one-hundred and fifty and two-hundred yard springs, setting new world records for the latter. Their record head-to-head would eventually lie at 15:6 in favour of Donaldson. Postle would also rival with Holway himself, and challenged him to several head-to-head races during his career.
In October 1912, Postle married an Englishwoman, Edna Leadbeater, in Lancashire, England. Leadbeater was the sister-in-law of Postle's old coach, Todd. The couple would go on to have four children.
Later life.
After retiring from running in 1913, Postle owned an auctioneering business in Memerambi, ran a running-shoe shop, and then traded second-hand goods in Gympie. He failed as a trader in the markets of South Brisbane and became a farmer in Coopers Plains. Through the 1930s he published his autobiography, "The Crimson Flash", in weekly instalments in "The Sporting Globe", a Melbourne newspaper. The pieces would go on to be collated into a published autobiography edited by Gary Parker in 1995.
His mother died in 1937, and his father twelve months later. During the Second World War he sold the farm and retired to Wynnum, though he continued to coach runners well into the 1950s. He was still a regular at local running tracks, sharing his expertise with young runners. He coached Norma Croker, later an Olympic gold medal winner. He fell ill on 21 April 1965 and died in an ambulance. Streets in Brisbane and Canberra were named after him, as is a seventy-meter sprint run every year at Stawell Gift in his honour. He was inducted into the Sports Australia Hall of Fame in 1985.


Radeberger Group

Radeberger Group is the largest brewery group in Germany. It is headquartered in Frankfurt am Main and produces beer and non-alcoholic beverages at 16 different locations. With an approximate annual production volume of 13 million hectolitres, the group accounts for approximately 15% of German beer production.
History.
Dr. Oetker purchased Frankfurt-based Binding Brewery in 1952, which became "Binding-Gruppe", the brewery and non-alcoholic beverage division. After the acquisition of Radeberger Brewery, the division was renamed "Radeberger Gruppe" in 2002.