California State Route 89

State Route 89 (SR 89) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California that travels in the north–south direction, serving as a major thoroughfare for many mountain communities in the Sierra Nevada and the Cascade Range. It starts from U.S. Route 395 near Topaz Lake, winding its way up to the Monitor Pass, down to the Carson River, and up again over the Luther Pass. From that point on, the route generally loses elevation on its way past Lake Tahoe, through Tahoe and Plumas National Forests until Lake Almanor. For roughly nine miles the route is then a part of State Route 36. The route then ascends to the Morgan Summit. After it enters Lassen Volcanic National Park it continues to gain elevation until it reaches its highest point in an unnamed pass in the middle of Lassen Peak and Bumpass Mountain. The road then descends and heads northwest, finally terminating at Interstate 5 at the foot of Mount Shasta at around .
Route description.
SR 89 begins at an intersection with US 395. The highway goes west through a few switchbacks before crossing into Alpine County and the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest. The southernmost section of State Route 89 over Monitor Pass is also closed in winter due to snow accumulation. SR 89 continues by Heenan Lake before intersecting with the eastern end of SR 4 and turning northwest, passing through Markleeville. SR 89 continues northwest to the town of Woodfords, where it turns west, running concurrently with SR 88 for a brief distance before turning into El Dorado County. The section of SR 89 from SR 88 north to US 50 is co-signed as US 50 Alternate for use as a detour for when US 50 closes.
The highway continues north to Meyers, where it runs concurrently with US 50 into the city of South Lake Tahoe. SR 89 continues along the western shore of Lake Tahoe, where it passes through Camp Richardson, Emerald Bay, Meeks Bay, Pomins, and Tahoma. After crossing into Placer County, SR 89 passes through Chambers Lodge, Homewood, Tahoe Pines, Skyland, Timberland, Pineland, and Tahoe Tavern before coming to an intersection with SR 28, where SR 89 continues to the west, away from the lake. The road curves to the north through Tahoe National Forest before crossing into Nevada County and the city of Truckee. This portion of the highway has been designated the "10th Mountain Division Memorial Highway", honoring the US Army division that lost 992 soldiers during the Italian Campaign in World War II.
SR 89 runs concurrently with I-80 eastbound briefly before exiting to the north and continuing through the city of Truckee and passing near Prosser Creek Reservoir outside of the city limits. SR 89 continues through Hobart Mills before crossing into Sierra County and continuing northwest to Randolph and Sierraville, where it shares a wrong-way concurrency with SR 49 through the town of Sattley; they then intersect CR A23 before SR 89 splits off to the northwest. SR 89 continues through Calpine before crossing into Plumas County.
SR 89 continues through Clio and Graeagle before running concurrently with SR 70 through Plumas National Forest, passing through Blairsden, Feather River Inn, Cromberg, Spring Garden, Massack (where SR 70 and 89 have a rest area), East Quincy, and the city of Quincy. SR 70 and SR 89 continue north through Keddie before SR 89 splits off to the north and passes through Indian Falls, Crescent Mills, Greenville, and Canyondam. The section of SR 89 from SR 70 north to Crescent Mills was built over the abandoned railway bed of the Indian Valley Railroad. SR 89 intersects with the south end of SR 147 before paralleling the southern shore of Lake Almanor and running concurrently with SR 36 westbound, crossing into Tehama County and Lassen National Forest.
SR 36 and SR 89 intersect the northern terminus of SR 32 and SR 172 before SR 36 splits off to the west and SR 89 enters Lassen Volcanic National Park. The SR 89 state designation officially does not run through the national park, and this segment is directly under the park's jurisdiction instead of Caltrans. When it is open, a park fee is charged. The segment through the park is typically closed during the winter due to very heavy snowfall and snowpack. Outside the other park entrance in the northwest corner in Shasta County, SR 89 forms a concurrency with SR 44, heading northeast to Old Station.
After splitting from SR 44 at Old Station, SR 89 continues north through Hat Creek and Doyles Corner before intersecting SR 299. The highway passes through Four Corners and Cayton before intersecting CR A19 and crossing into Siskiyou County. SR 89 briefly passes through the Klamath National Forest and Bartle and McCloud before coming to an interchange with I-5. SR 89 then merges with Mount Shasta Boulevard and terminates just outside the Mount Shasta City city limits.
One point of interest along California State Route 89 includes the Pony Express remount station in Woodfords, the Lake Tahoe Outlet Gates in Tahoe City (control of these gates was the source of the two-decade "Tahoe Water War" between lakeshore owners and downstream Truckee River water users), Plumas-Eureka State Park (containing Johnsville, a well-preserved '49er town, and Pioneer Ski Area, the first sport skiing area in the Western hemisphere), Lake Almanor and Lassen Volcanic National Park.
Many other points of interest, including Brokeoff Mountain, Sulphur Works, Emerald Lake, Lake Helen, Bumpass Hell, Lassen Peak and Summit Lake are also located on this highway.
SR 89 is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System, and north of the southern SR 44 junction is part of the National Highway System, a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration. SR 89 is eligible for the State Scenic Highway System; however, it is only a scenic highway as designated by Caltrans from the El Dorado-Placer county line to a point 3.2 miles west of the US 395 junction, meaning that it is a substantial section of highway passing through a "memorable landscape" with no "visual intrusions", where the potential designation has gained popular favor with the community. From the junction with SR 147, through the park and including the gap on SR 44, to its terminus at I-5, SR 89 is part of the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway, a National Scenic Byway. The segment of SR 89 from I-80 in Truckee to SR 49 through Sattley also forms part of the Yuba-Donner Scenic Byway, a National Forest Scenic Byway.


Manglaur (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)

33-Manglaur Legislative Assembly constituency () is one of the seventy electoral Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand state in India. It includes Manglaur area of Haridwar District.
Manglaur Legislative Assembly constituency is a part of Haridwar (Lok Sabha constituency).
Members of Legislative Assembly.
Key


Trail Ridge Road

Trail Ridge Road is the name for a stretch of U.S. Highway 34 that traverses Rocky Mountain National Park from Estes Park, Colorado in the east to Grand Lake, Colorado in the west. The road is also known as Trail Ridge Road/Beaver Meadow National Scenic Byway.
Trail Ridge Road is closed during the winter, and often remains closed until late spring or early summer depending on the snowpack. The Trail Ridge Road is the highest paved through road in Colorado and it is also the highest paved road in Colorado that crosses the continental divide (Cottonwood Pass at 12,126 feet is the second highest, and Colorado State Highway 82 at 12,095 feet going through Independence Pass is the third highest).
Route description.
From Kawuneeche Visitor Center at the park's Grand Lake Entrance, Trail Ridge Road follows the North Fork of the Colorado River north through the Kawuneeche Valley. There are several trailheads along this section of the road, notably the Colorado River Trailhead, which is the western terminus of the road segment closed during the winter.
The road crosses the Continental Divide at Milner Pass (elev. ) and reaches a maximum elevation of , near Fall River Pass (elev. ). Near the highest point on the road is another pass, Iceberg Pass (elev. ).
According to construction contracts and park maintenance files the east end of the road is located at the Fall River Entrance, however some guides state that earlier - at Deer Ridge Junction.
Trail Ridge is a high flat spur range extending east from the main range of the Rockies between Fall River in the North and the Big Thompson River in the South. The road follows Trail Ridge from the Fall River Pass near Alpine Visitor Center to the Deer Ridge Junction.
History.
Trail Ridge had been used by Native Americans to cross the mountains between their home lands in the west and hunting areas on the east side. Arapahoe Indians called the trail located on the ridge as "taienbaa" ("Where the Children Walked") because it was so steep that children could not be carried, but had to walk. The Ute tribe crossing the mountains at Forest Canyon Pass marked their route with stone cairns. The present park Ute Trail follows partially that ancient route.
On the west side, about 1880, a wagon road was constructed along the Kawuneeche Valley from the town of Grand Lake to the mining camps of Lulu City and Gaskill. The camps were abandoned after a few years when short-lived mining boom ended and later the road was used only occasionally by hunters and tourists.
Fall River Road was the first road into the park's high country. It opened in 1921 and quickly proved inadequate for motor travel as a single-track road with steep grades (up to 16%), tight curves and a short annual season due to snowpack. Construction began in 1929 and was complete to Fall River Pass by July 1932, with a maximum grade of 7%. The road was complete through the Kawuneeche Valley to Grand Lake in 1938. The route followed what was known to local Arapaho Indians as the Dog Trail. Internal opposition to the construction of a road through the park's alpine tundra was overruled by National Park Service director Horace Albright, who wished to encourage park visitation. The road was designed to intrude as little as possible into the landscape, in accordance with Park Service design principles.
Hidden Valley (or Ski Estes Park) was a local ski area attraction from 1955 - 1991, off of Trail Ridge Road, now defunct.


Dashti-Jum Nature Reserve

Dashti-Jum, also spelt "Dashtidjum" or "Dashti Djum", is a 380 km² nature reserve in eastern Khatlon Region in southwest Tajikistan. It is on the tentative list of World Heritage Sites, and has also been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA).
Description.
The reserve lies 80 km south-east of the city of Kulob, at an altitude of 1,300–2,500 m above sea level, in the southern part of the Hazrati Shoh mountain range. It extends southwards to the river Panj which forms the border with Afghanistan. It contains three small mountain rivers and their valleys, which have a diverse vegetation of woody thickets and herbage. The floodplain of the Panj attracts large numbers of waterbirds.
Birds.
The site qualifies as an IBA because it supports significant numbers of the populations of various bird species, either as residents, or as breeding or passage migrants. These include Himalayan snowcocks, common mergansers, saker falcons, Pallas's fish-eagles, cinereous vultures, ibisbills, pale-backed pigeons, yellow-billed choughs, Hume's larks, sulphur-bellied warblers, wallcreepers, white-winged redstarts, alpine accentors, rufous-streaked accentors, brown accentors, water pipits, crimson-winged finches and red-mantled rosefinches.


Kyle of Tongue

The Kyle of Tongue () is a shallow sea loch in northwest Highland, Scotland, in the western part of Sutherland. Featuring a rocky coastline, its mouth is formed at Tongue Bay. The community of Tongue is situated on the Kyle's eastern shore and the loch is crossed by the Kyle of Tongue Bridge and Causeway.
The sea loch and surrounding countryside is designated as the Kyle of Tongue National Scenic Area, one of the forty such areas in Scotland, which are defined so as to identify areas of exceptional scenery and to ensure its protection from inappropriate development. The designated area covers 24,488 ha in total, of which 21,093 ha is on land, with a further 3396 ha being marine (i.e. below low tide level), and takes in the nearby mountains of Ben Hope and Ben Loyal as well as several small islands and the coastline as far east as Bettyhill.
History.
According to the "Origines Parochiales Scotiae", Castle Varrich, an old square tower on a hill on the east side of the Kyle, was the residence of Karl Hundason, who made an effort to conquer Scotland on the death of Malcolm II. There are three brochs: on the Kyle's east side opposite Melness; at the head of the Kyle; and at Dunbuie, a hill on the west side of the Kyle.
In 1746, a naval engagement occurred at the Kyle involving Bonnie Prince Charlie's Jacobite rebellion. The Jacobite ship "Le Prince Charles", commanded by Captain Richard Talbot, was bringing a large amount of French gold to aid the Jacobite cause. It was chased by a British squadron and one of the Royal Navy frigates eventually caught up with it in the Kyle of Tongue, on 25 February 1746. A fierce five-hour battle took place: the Jacobite ship fought bravely, but in the end was defeated. The failure of the gold to reach the Prince's army was one of the main factors which led to the Battle of Culloden.
Geography.
Kyle of Tongue is situated east of Loch Eriboll. Its western entrance is between Cnoc Glass and Roan Island; the eastern entrance is between Rosin Island and Neave Island. From Roan Island, the Kyle trends in a south and southwest direction for to Kinloch. A large portion of it is sandy, with a narrow bar-encumbered channel running through it. The depths range from approximately 18 fathoms west of Roan Island to 5 fathoms in the area above where the shallows begin. There is no channel into the Kyle of Tongue along the western shore. Derry (or Loch an Dithreibh) is a lake which empties into the head of the Kyle of Tongue. Strathtongue, an long stream, runs to the Kyle.
Flora and fauna.
The surrounding hills are characterized by meadows, grasses, and heath. There is moorland between the Kyle and Loch Eriboll. Much of the area is protected as part of the Natura 2000 network, forming part of the "Caithness and Sutherland Peatlands", which are protected as both a Special Protection Area and a Special Area of Conservation.
Water fauna within the Kyle include salmon and sea trout, whilst whales and otters can be found at the mouth of the loch. Bird species living in the area include barn swallows, black-headed gulls, ravens, redshanks, wood pigeons, herring gulls, collared doves, curlews, oystercatchers, golden plovers, great black-backed gulls, cormorants, grey herons, greylag geese, house martins, house sparrows, meadow pipits, common gulls, red-throated divers, and rock pigeons. Additionally, a number of raptor species can be found, including golden eagles, hen harriers, merlins and short-eared owls.
Land ownership.
Much of the land on the western and southern sides of the Kyle, including the mountains of Ben Hope and Ben Loyal and the former hunting lodge of Kinloch Lodge, belongs to Danish billionaire Anders Holch Povlsen. The land on the eastern shore forms part of the extensive estates of the Countess of Sutherland, currently Elizabeth Sutherland, 24th Countess of Sutherland.


Marengo Cave

Marengo Cave is a privately owned cave located in Marengo, Indiana. One of only four show caves in Indiana, public tours of the cave have been given since 1883. Tours commenced just days after the cave's discovery by two school children. The cave was designated as a National Natural Landmark in 1984.
The Discovery.
Marengo Cave was discovered on September 6, 1883. There are many early descriptions and some confusion about the date and the story how the cave was discovered.
"When Orris was hiking in the woods along Cave Spring Creek with his sister, Blanche, and they stumbled into a sink hole, situated in a thick woods and undergrowth of vines and ferns. Orris let himself get down in the hole enough to see that an opening and darkness extended to an unknown depth. The word was spread in a few days and the next Sunday a group of larger boys let themselves down into a large cave, with beautiful stalactites and stalagmites." (August 28, 1973 as told by his son Thomas C. Hiestand).
"Anniversaries and Memorial
Crawford County - Marking the discovery in 1883 of Marengo Cave, one of the largest caves in Indiana, by Blanche and Orris Hiestand, a bronze marker commemorating the event was placed inside the cave on Sunday, December 8, by Mrs. Kate White, of Indianapolis, and Mrs. James Tinkler, of Georgetown sisters of the Hiestands."
The state's story.
"Marengo cave has been known only since 1883. The cave was first entered on Thursday, September 6, 1883, by two children of the name of Hiestand. The children were at play in the grove and were attracted to the opening at the bottom of a sink hole. Accounts as to why they ventured into the opening differ. For some reason the story is told that they followed a rabbit into the opening and this led to the discovery of the cave. Mr. Stewart and those connected with the cave emphatically deny the rabbit story and say the discovery is due solely to childish curiosity. It is significant that shortly preceding the discovery, the virgin timber had been removed from the hillside upon which the entrance was found. Mr Stewart thinks this favored increased gullying and that the increase in runoff was the main factor in opening the hole in the sink.
The children did not venture far into the cave, certainly not beyond the zone of light, but they realized there was a great interior opening. The discovery was not mentioned until the Sunday following at which time the first party of explorers, people of the vicinity entered. Mr. Stewart upon whose land the discovery was made noticed that people returning from the cave were carrying numerous mineral formations that they had broken from the walls or ceiling. Realizing that the feature must be an unusual one he wisely prohibited the breaking and carrying away of the mineral deposits. This early protection is largely responsible for the nearly unmutilated character of the cave interior. Another incident, purely accidental, saved the most
beautiful part of the cave from mutilation by the first party of explorers. The part of the cave to the right of the old entrance (as one enters) is known as Pillared Palace, Queen's Palace, and Crystal Palace, places that are literally filled with wonderful mineral formations. The first party of explorers did not notice this part of the cave upon entering and traversed the entire length of the cave, following much the same route now taken by tourists... When this part of the cave was first discovered, directions for the preservation of the mineral forms had already been given, so this section remains today in all of its primitive glory. Only the natural process of a hard winter freeze has slightly marred the interior decorations."
The county's story.
"On August 18, 1883, a few boys, while after a rabbit, made a discovery which added a remarkable charm to the town. In pursuit of the rabbit the boys chased it into some rocks. Not to be baffled in their determination they began to tear out a few of the loose rocks. The opening grew wider and the rocks came loose easier. To their great surprise the rabbit den grew bigger and bigger as they removed the loose rocks, until they saw that they were in the mouth of a large opening in the ground. The boys went back to the town and told what they had discovered. A large crowd of men and boys with lanterns and strings went to the opening to explore it. After getting a few rocks out of the way the men entered the opening which grew larger and larger
until they found themselves in the mouth of a wonderful cave which was named the Marengo Cave. The cave is one of the most beautiful cave in the world. One can go through the cave and come out in about two hours. The walking is not so muddy and slippery as in other caves. Today the cave is visited by hundreds of men and women from all parts of the country. The cave is near the east end of the cemetery in old town.
The story as told by cave staff.
Marengo Cave was discovered September 6, 1883 by siblings Orris and Blanche Hiestand. Orris was 11 years old at the time, and his sister Blanche was 15. Blanche worked as a cook at the local Marengo Academy and had heard some of the boys discussing a sinkhole they had found in the woods close. They suspected it might lead to a cave and were talking of returning with lanterns later.
Blanche decided to beat the boys to it. She ran home from school that day, enlisted her brother Orris, took two candles and set off into the woods. The children crawled down a narrow passageway, approximately 50 feet long, and were the first humans known to set foot in Marengo Cave. Awed by what they had seen but quickly becoming afraid of the darkness they retreated back to the surface.
Three days later they notified the land owner, Samual Stewart whose land they had been trespassing on when they discovered the cave. The kids thought they had found diamonds because of the sparkling flowstone formations their candles revealed briefly while they were inside the cave. Believing the cave to possibly contain diamonds, Stewart quickly organized a group of men from the town and explored the cavern. Guided tours started soon afterwards for one quarter per person.
The Stewart family continued ownership of the cave until 1955 when Floyd Denton purchased the cave with great plans for development. Unfortunately, his plans were cut short when he died of a stroke in 1961. The present ownership purchased the cave in 1973 during the period when Interstate 64 was being constructed through southern Indiana. With better roads, an increasingly mobile population and aggressive promotion and quality improvements, the cave business began to grow again. The cave and surrounding park have grown nearly continuously during the past 40 years.
Recent news.
1992
A small crawlway known as "Blowing Bat Crawl" was finally broken through on June 14, 1992 leading to the discovery of the stream level of Marengo Cave. Approximately 3.5 miles were added to the cave's length with this discovery. The largest room of any cave in Indiana was also discovered in the stream level. There is almost 5 miles of known passageway to date at Marengo Cave, making it one of the longest caves in Indiana.
Today
Marengo cave is open all year long and offers two different walking tours. The Dripstone Trail tour covers 1 mile of the cave and takes approximately 60–70 minutes to complete. The Crystal Palace tour takes 35–40 minutes to complete and covers one third mile of the cave. Both tours see different sections of the cave and are not similar.
A few different movies have filmed in Marengo Cave, including "Abby" (1974), "Madison" (2001), starring Jim Caviezel and Jake Lloyd, and, most recently, "Fire from Below" (2008), starring Kevin Sorbo.


Rancho La Merced Mixed Wildlife Refuge

Rancho La Merced Mixed Wildlife Refuge (), is a protected area in Costa Rica, managed under the Osa Conservation Area, it was created in 1995 by decree 24638-MIRENEM.


Arrowstone Provincial Park

Arrowstone Provincial Park is a provincial park in the Thompson Country of the Southern Interior of British Columbia, Canada, located to the northeast of the town of Cache Creek. The park was established by Order-in-Council in 1996 with an area of 6203 hectares. In 2000 its boundaries were slightly reduced, such that its area is now 6175 hectares.
The park protects part of the area of the Arrowstone Hills, a dryland forest wilderness also notable for its collection of hoodoos. The name derives from the occurrence in the area of a type of basalt used in the making of arrowheads.


Finima Nature Park

The Finima Nature Park is a natural park in Bonny Island, Rivers State, Nigeria covering an area of approximately 1000 ha (3.9 sq mi). It was established by the Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas Limited with the aim of conserving nature and biodiversity in the region.
Ecology.
Finima's reserve area is covered by tropical rainforest and mangrove swamps, some parts contain sand with freshwater ponds and tall timber between the swamps and the beach.
Flora.
Vegetation of the park has progressively developed into a high forest considering the form from which it began in 1999. There are two storeys that can be distinguished from outside the forest, the emergents include "Symphonia globulifera", "Cleistopholis patens", "Uapaca" spp., "Musanga cecropioides", "Hallea ledermannii", "Terminalia" spp., "Anthostema aubryanum", "Tectona grandis" and "Elaeis guineensis". The understory is composed mainly of "Calamus deeratus", "Alchornea cordifolia", "Monodora tenuifolia", "Harungana madagascariensis", "Strophanthus preussii", "Rauvolfia vomitoria" and "Raphia" spp.
The interior of the forest is very shady, and as a result a wide variety of shade tolerant forbs (e.g. "Nephrolepis biserrata", "Culcasia scandens", "Laportea" spp., "Chromolaena odorata", "Aframomum melegueta" and "Costus afer") and various sedges form thickets on the forest floor. By dry season, large cushion of litter cover the floor because of increase in abscission rate of some plants such as "Musanga cecropioides", "Hallea ledermannii", "Calamus deeratus", "Gmelina arborea", "Raphia" spp. and "Elaeis guineensis".
Fauna.
Finima Nature Park is home to some wildlife species of high conservation value, a variety of mammals, birds and reptiles including crocodiles,
snakes and alligators. The site of the nature park is the natural habitat of salt water hippopotamuses. The area is protected by park rangers and hunting is prohibited.


Bill Baggs Cape Florida State Park

Bill Baggs Cape Florida State Recreation Area occupies approximately the southern third of the island of Key Biscayne, at coordinates . This park includes the Cape Florida Light, the oldest standing structure in Greater Miami. In 2005, it was ranked as having the 8th best beach in the country, and in 2013 "Forbes" ranked it at 7th.
The park was named in honor of Bill Baggs, editor of "The Miami News" from 1957 until his death in 1969. He worked to protect the land from development and to preserve some of the key in its natural state.
In 2004 a large historical marker was erected at the site to mark it as part of the National Underground Railroad Network to Freedom Trail, as hundreds of Black Seminoles, many fugitive slaves, escaped from here to freedom in the Bahamas, settling mostly on Andros Island. In the early 1820s, some 300 American slaves reached the Bahamas, aboard 27 sloops and many canoes. The US National Park Service is working with the Bahamas, particularly the African Bahamanian Museum and Research Center (ABAC) in Nassau, to develop interpretive programs at Red Bays, Andros.
Recreational activities.
The park has more than a mile of sandy Atlantic beachfront, where snorkeling and swimming is possible. Besides the beach and tours of the lighthouse and keeper's quarters, activities include boating, canoeing, kayaking and fishing from the seawall along Biscayne Bay, bicycling, hiking and wildlife viewing. The park has such amenities as picnicking areas and youth camping. It also has a visitor center, a museum with interpretive exhibits and concessions. No Name Harbor, a natural harbor in the park, is used for anchorage.
Hours.
Florida state parks are open between 8 a.m. and sundown every day of the year (including holidays).


Rio das Lontras Private Natural Heritage Reserve

The Rio das Lontras Private Natural Heritage Reserve () is a private natural heritage reserve in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil.
Location.
The Rio das Lontras Private Natural Heritage Reserve was created by decree on 3 April 2005, modified on 14 May 2009.
The decree creating the reserve, which had not yet been surveyed, said it had .
After a survey, the modified decree of May 2009 gave its area as .
It includes land in the municipalities of São Pedro de Alcântara and Águas Mornas in the state of Santa Catarina.
The average elevation is above sea level.
Re reserve's streams supply the Forquilhas River, a tributary of the Cubatão River.
Average temperatures range from with an average of .
Annual rainfall is with no dry period but more rain in January and February.
Environment.
The reserve covers a fragment of the Atlantic Forest biome.
It has rugged terrain with very well preserved dense montane rainforest and has a rich variety of trees, orchids, ferns and other flora.
Fauna include anteaters, raccoons, coatis, armadillos, skunks, opossum, hedgehogs, squirrels, howler monkeys, ocelots, pumas and otters. Birds include weavers, toucans, woodpeckers, tanagers, jays, thrushes, ibises and hummingbirds.
Conservation.
The objectives are to preserve the environment and enable scientific research and environmental education.
The proprietors make a small income from sale of T-shirts.
The reserve is close to the Serra do Tabuleiro State Park to the south, which has more than of protected land, and is part of the mosaic of ecosystems and ecological corridors of great importance for maintenance of biological diversity.


Golden Driller

The Golden Driller is a , statue of an oil worker, in Tulsa, Oklahoma. It was built from a steel frame, covered with concrete and plaster. It is the sixth-tallest statue in the United States and has been located in front of the Tulsa Expo Center since 1966.
Overview.
A version of the "Golden Driller" was originally built in 1952 by the Mid-Continent Supply Company of Fort Worth as a temporary feature of the International Petroleum Exposition. Six years later, one was erected again for the 1959 show. Due to the positive attention it attracted, the company donated the statue to the Tulsa County Fairgrounds Trust Authority which had it anatomically redesigned and permanently installed in front of the Tulsa Expo Center for the 1966 International Petroleum Exposition. The statue's right hand rests on an oil derrick which had been moved from a depleted oil field in Seminole, Oklahoma.
An inscription at the base of the statue reads: "The Golden Driller, a symbol of the International Petroleum Exposition. Dedicated to the men of the petroleum industry who by their vision and daring have created from God's abundance a better life for mankind."
In 1979, the "Golden Driller" was adopted by the Oklahoma Legislature as the state monument.
As part of an online promotional contest sponsored by Kimberly-Clark in October 2006, the "Golden Driller" was named the grand prize as a top ten "quirkiest destination" in the United States, winning its nominator a $90,000 international vacation for two.
His stats are said to include: Belt size - 48 ft in circumference, Shoe size- 393DDD, and Hat size - 112 hard hat. His belt originally read "MID-CONTINENT", but was changed in 1979 to the current buckle that says "TULSA".
Branding.
On May 20, 2020, as part of Tulsa's bid for Gigafactory 5 construction by Tesla, Inc., the original "Tulsa" on the statue's belt buckle was replaced by the world "Tesla," to create a caricature of Elon Musk. This was the first time wrap advertising had been applied to the driller's face.


Ballyteigue

Ballyteigue or Ballyteige is a national nature reserve of approximately located in County Clare, Ireland. It is managed by the Irish National Parks & Wildlife Service.
Features.
Ballyteigue, also known as Ballyteige, was legally protected as a national nature reserve by the Irish government in 1986. It has also been designated a Special Area of Conservation.
Ballyteigue is composed of five parcels of wet meadow heath or molinia meadows. The land is managed using traditional hay-making techniques which maintain the wet meadows as examples of a habitat that is typical of the region. There is a large number of marsh orchids. Irish hare, snipe, common frogs, and orange tip butterflies are endemic to the reserve.


Teapot Dome Service Station

The Teapot Dome Service Station is a former gas station built in the shape of a teapot located in Zillah, Washington, United States, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Description.
Located at 117 First Avenue, the station is an example of novelty architecture. It was intended as a reminder of the Teapot Dome Scandal that rocked the presidency of Warren G. Harding and sent Interior Secretary Albert Fall to prison for his role in leasing government oil reserves in, among other places, Teapot Dome, Wyoming.
History.
The station was built in 1922 on what later became U.S. Route 12. The building has a circular frame with a conical roof, sheet metal "handle", and a concrete "spout". Many such novelties were constructed as roadside attractions as the national highway system in the United States expanded during the 1920s and 1930s. The unique service station continued operation as a full-service gas station for some years. When Interstate 82 was constructed near Zillah in 1978 the station was relocated less than a mile down the Yakima Valley Highway. After the gas station was closed in 2006, it was purchased by the city the following year, rehabilitated, and relocated in 2012 to 117 First Avenue. It now serves as Zillah's visitors center.


Great Southern Reef

The term Great Southern Reef (GSR) is a 21st century name given to a system of interconnected temperate rocky reefs which spans the southern coast of continental Australia, Tasmania and reaches north to Brisbane and Kalbarri (in the east and west, respectively). It covers 71,000 km2 and straddles five states, running almost 8,000 kilometers.
Description.
Kelp forests are a defining feature of the reef system. The reef supports economic activities along Australia's southern coastline, such as commercial and recreational fishing, scuba diving, surfing and other tourism. These activities contribute at least $10 billion to the Australian economy each year. Biologically, it is a unique temperate marine ecosystem, with 30 to 80% of its species found nowhere else.
Origins.
The name "Great Southern Reef" was proposed by a group of researchers from the University of Western Australia in order to raise awareness about temperate Australian reefs. They hope that this will increase interest in studying and protecting "the reef". The term first appeared in Australian news media in September 2015, following the publication of a scientific paper in "Marine and Freshwater Research", first presented in June 2015. The paper was entitled "The 'Great Southern Reef’: social, ecological and economic value of Australia’s neglected kelp forests" and was written by Scott Bennett, Thomas Wernberg, Sean D. Connell, Alistair J. Hobday, Craig R. Johnson and Elvira S. Poloczanska.
Oil drilling.
There have been proposals for oil and gas exploration in the Great Australian Bight, and there are concerns that this could impact on the Great Southern Reef. Environmentalists including spokespeople for The Wilderness Society have argued that deep water and exposure to rough seas could result in an oil spill.


Moti Masjid (Lahore Fort)

Moti Masjid (Punjabi, ), one of the "Pearl Mosques", is a 17th-century religious building located inside the Lahore Fort, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. It is a small, white marble structure built by Mughal emperor Jahangir and modified by the architects of Shah Jahan, and is among his prominent extensions (such as Sheesh Mahal and Naulakha pavilion) to the Lahore Fort Complex. The mosque is located on the western side of Lahore Fort, closer to Alamgiri Gate, the main entrance.
Etymology.
"Moti" in Urdu language means "pearl", which designates a perceived preciousness to the religious structure. It was an established practice among Mughal emperors to name the mosques after generic names for gemstones. Other such examples are "Mina Masjid" (Gem Mosque) and "Nagina Masjid" (Jewel Mosque), both located in Agra Fort and completed in 1637 under Shah Jahan's reign. The mosque, built between 1630 and 1635, is the first among the "pearl" named mosques, the others built by Shah Jahan in Agra Fort (1647–53), and his son Aurangzeb in the Red Fort (1659–60).
Subsequent history.
After the Mughal Empire, the mosque was converted into a Sikh temple and renamed "Moti Mandir" during the period of the Sikh rule under Ranjit Singh's Sikh Confederacy (1760–99). Later, Ranjit Singh also used the building for the state treasury. After the demise of Sikh Empire, when the British took over Punjab in 1849, they discovered precious stones wrapped in bits of rags and placed in velvet purses scattered inside the mosque, along with other inventory. The building was later revived to its former status, and the religious relics were conserved at the nearby Badshahi Mosque.
Design.
The structure, located in the northwestern corner of "Dewan-e-Aam" quadrangle, is typical of Mughal architecture of Shah Jahan's times. It is completely built of white marble that was brought from Makrana The façade is composed of cusped arches and engaged baluster columns with smooth and fine contours. The mosque has three superimposed domes, two aisles of five bays, and a slightly raised central "pishtaq", or portal with a rectangular frame. This five-arched facade distinguishes it from other mosques of the similar class with three-arched facades. The interior is simple and plain with the exception of ceilings that are decorated and designed in four different orders, two arcuate, and two trabeated.


Ramit State Nature Reserve

Ramit State Nature Reserve is situated in Tajikistan north east of Dushanbe. It consist of 16139 ha mountains and forests.
The snow leopard is found in the reserve. Bukharan markhors ("Capra falconeri heptneri"), endangered goat-antelopes, are kept in enclosures and released in the wild.


La Habra Marketplace

La Habra Marketplace, formerly La Habra Fashion Square, is an open-air regional mall in La Habra, California, built by the Bullock's department store chain. Welton Becket and Associates were the architects. It was the last and largest of the "Fashion Square" malls that it built, after Santa Ana, Sherman Oaks and Del Amo. The site measured , with of retail space, of which the large Bullock's store represented about half. The center has been re-developed into a strip mall called La Habra Marketplace.
Original tenants.
Department stores (major and junior) at launch were:
Other stores at opening included Hickory Farms, B. Dalton Bookseller, Damon's, Draper's, Leed's, See's Candy, Slavick's Jewelers, United California Bank and Crocker-Citizens Bank. Restaurants included Fiddler's Three, Don Paul and Lyons.
Reception.
Partially due to the proximity of other malls, and also that the envisioned Imperial Highway (SR-90) and Beach Boulevard (SR-39) freeways were never built and thus never brought the expected traffic, the mall turned out to be disappointing and generally had disappointing sales performance.
By 1987, at $27.8 million, annual sales were second to last of Orange County's 14 regional malls, and its sales per square foot were last of 48 regional malls in Southern California regional malls, at $50.78 versus, for example, $190.09 at South Coast Plaza.
The Bullock's store was closed in 1992, razed in the late 1990s and strip mall buildings were constructed in the mall's place.
Current shopping center.
The community shopping center now on the site is named La Habra Marketplace and has of gross leasable area. Current tenants include Smart & Final (formerly Drug Emporium), Ross Dress for Less, LA Fitness, Sprouts Farmers Market (formerly OfficeMax) and Regal Cinemas.


Boeng Tonle Chhmar

Boeng Tonle Chhmar is a large multiple use management area in Cambodia bordering Tonlé Sap lake that was established in 1999. It is located in Peam Bang Commune in Kampong Thom Province.
Boeng Tonle Chhmar is a state owned sanctuary. The wildlife sanctuary consists of a lake surrounded by flooded forest on the north eastern side of the Tonle Sap lake. It contains areas of permanent open water, a system of small waterways and areas of flooded forest. In the wet season, Boeng Tonle Chhmar ceases to be a discrete lake and becomes part of the much enlarged Tonle Sap. The sanctuary is an example of near natural South Asian wetland. The area plays an important role in the hydrology and biology of two major river systems, the Stoung river and the Chikreng river. This area is home to a large number of diverse plant, fish, mammal and waterbird species. Many of these are listed as rare, vulnerable, or globally endangered. The Tonle Sap lake and its surrounding biosphere play a vital role in the Cambodian economy and several million depend on fish from the lake as a source of protein. Boeng Tonle Chhmar is one of three Ramsar Convention sites in Cambodia with the site number 997.
Location and access.
Boeng Tonle Chhmar and the connected creek system are located on the flood plain of the Tonle Sap. This flood plain in turn is part of the Mekong River Basin. The Boeng Chhmar area is close to the center of the lake and located on the northern shore. To the south and the west, Boeng Chhmar joins the Tonle Sap lakeshore. While to the north and the east the protected area joins with areas of floodplain forest. The protected area lies within the administrative boundaries of Peam Bang commune, Stoung District, Kampong Thom Province. The commune contains five floating villages - Pov Veuy, Pechakrei, Peam Bang, Ba Lat and Doun Sdaeng which all lie in the vicinity of the protected area.
Birds.
Beong Chhmar is home to important colonies of numerous globally or regionally threatened bird species including the brahminy kite ("Haliastur indus"), painted stork ("Mycteria leucocephala"), black-necked stork ("Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus"), lesser adjutant ("Leptoptilos javanicus"), greater adjutant ("Leptoptilos dubius"), spot-billed pelican ("Pelecanus philippensis"), Indian cormorant ("Phalacrocorax fuscicollis") and the Oriental darter ("Anhinga melanogaster").


William H. Copeland House

The William H. Copeland House is a home located in the Chicago suburb of Oak Park, Illinois, United States. In 1909 the home underwent a remodeling designed by famous American architect Frank Lloyd Wright. The original Italianate home was built in the 1870s. Dr. William H. Copeland commissioned Wright for the remodel and Wright's original vision of the project proposed a three-story Prairie house. That version was rejected and the result was the more subdued, less severely Prairie, William H. Copeland House. On the exterior the most significant alteration by Wright was the addition of a low-pitched hip roof. The house has been listed as a contributing property to a U.S. Registered Historic District since 1973.
History.
The William Copeland House was first constructed around 1873 for William H. Harman. The large, Italianate home represented a microcosm of the general character of homes in Oak Park before Wright began designing buildings. Homes of this style, "classically tinged" and "robust," dotted the landscape of small towns across the United States. In 1909 the then-owner, Dr. William Copeland, a prominent surgeon with offices in Chicago and Cleveland, commissioned Frank Lloyd Wright to remodel the home. It was the second commission for Wright from Copeland; in 1908 the architect had designed a garage for Copeland at the residence.
Architecture.
The Copeland House was designed around 1873 by an unknown architect and cast in the Italianate style. Wright's 1909 remodel work included exterior and interior alterations. A new tile roof was added above the decorative brick work; the roof was removed in the 1950s because of its maintenance expenses. The work fused Wright's Prairie style with the traditional Italiante style through the building's exterior lines. The new low-pitched hip roof that Wright designed, along with the wrap-around porch and overhanging eaves are all elements found in the Copeland House which can be found on other Prairie style homes Wright designed. The remodeling work also replaced the original doors with doors, frame, sidelights and a transom window all of Wright's own design.
Wright's original plan called for the Copeland House to be remodeled into a three-story Prairie house but that plan was rejected. The result was that the Wright-designed remodel was not as ambitious as it had been planned to be originally. Of the exterior work Wright designed, the new roof was the most substantial. In addition to the expansive exterior work Wright remodeled the main rooms on the ground floor to adhere to his Prairie style. Also inside he designed the dining room sideboard, table and chairs.
Significance.
The Copeland House is an example of Wright's remodeling design work. It is listed as a contributing property to the Frank Lloyd Wright-Prairie School of Architecture Historic District. The historic district joined the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1973. The William Copeland House is one of three homes in Oak Park that Wright was commissioned to remodel. The other two are the 1906 Peter A. Beachy House and the Hills-DeCaro House, also on Forest Avenue. Wright also added a large brick fireplace to the library. However, as evidenced by the sagging cantilevers at Fallingwater and the sagging second floor of the Heurtley House, Wright's use of available materials occasionally exceeded their structural capacity: the mantle of the fireplace is a large stone that cracked under the weight of the bricks, as did steps in the front stairway. The center wall of the coach house also sank due to inadequacy of the center foundation.


Dida Forest

Dida Forest is a protected forest in Burkina Faso.
It is located in Comoé Province.
The forest is located at 330 meters above sea level.


Benares


GGP Inc.

GGP Inc. (an initialism of General Growth Properties) was an American commercial real estate company and the second-largest shopping mall operator in the United States. It was founded by brothers Martin, Matthew and Maurice Bucksbaum in Cedar Rapids, Iowa in 1954, and was headquartered in Chicago, Illinois from 2000. It was subject to the largest real estate bankruptcy in American history at the time of its filing in 2009.
GGP was acquired by Brookfield Property Partners, and management of its portfolio was transferred to Brookfield Properties, in 2018. Its portfolio included 125 properties comprising approximately in 40 U.S. states at the time of its acquisition, ranking behind only Simon Property Group in total square footage.
History.
20th century.
General Growth was founded in Iowa by three brothers, Martin, Matthew and Maurice Bucksbaum, in 1954 as General Management. That year, they borrowed $1.2 million to develop their first shopping center, Town & Country Shopping Center in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, in order to open a fourth location for the grocery store founded by their father.
By 1964, the company owned 5 malls and moved its headquarters to Des Moines, Iowa. In 1970, General Management became General Growth Properties (GGP) and became a public company via an initial public offering. In 1984, the company sold its holdings to Equitable Real Estate Investment Management for $800 million in the largest-ever single-asset real estate transaction to date, but retained the property management of the assets. In 1989, the company acquired Center Companies, creating the fourth-largest shopping center management company in the United States.
In 1993, the company once again became a public company via an initial public offering, raising $400 million. In 1994, the company purchased a 40% interest in Centermark Properties from Prudential Financial. In 1995, the company sold 25% of its 40% stake, yielding a profit of over $100 million. In 1995, the company also purchased the Homart Development Company from Sears for $1.85 billion. In 1995, co-founder and CEO Martin Bucksbaum died and the company moved its headquarters from Des Moines to Chicago. In 1999, John Bucksbaum succeeded his father as CEO.
21st century.
In 2000, the company moved its headquarters from Des Moines to Chicago. The company occupied a historic building on North Wacker Drive designed by architectural firm Graham, Anderson, Probst & White, that was later demolished. In 2004, the company acquired The Rouse Company, which owned 37 regional shopping malls and Howard Hughes Corporation, a land development company, for $7.2 billion in cash. By 2008, the company had taken on $25 billion in debt and the company was facing required debt payments. John Bucksbaum was ousted as CEO, though he remained chairman of the board, and Adam Metz was named CEO. In December 2008, hedge fund manager Bill Ackman disclosed a 25% ownership stake in the company.
In 2009, the company missed a deadline to repay $900 million in loans backed by two Las Vegas properties, putting the company in danger of filing for bankruptcy protection. At that point, the stock price was down 98% in 12 months. The Bucksbaum family's stake in the firm, which was worth $2.5 billion in 2005, had declined in value by a similar amount. On April 16, 2009, the company filed one of the largest real estate bankruptcies ever and received $375 million in debtor-in-possession financing from Pershing Square Capital Management, the hedge fund managed by Bill Ackman. In February 2010, Brookfield Asset Management made a $2.625 billion equity investment in the company. In November 2010, the company exited bankruptcy protection. Creditors were paid in full and equity holders made a "substantial" recovery of their investment, both of which are unusual in bankruptcy filings. In conjunction with the reorganization, the company spun off Howard Hughes Corporation to its shareholders.
In December 2010, CEO Adam Metz and President and COO Thomas Nolan left the company and Sandeep Mathrani, formerly the head of the retail division of Vornado Realty Trust, was named CEO. In 2011, the company sold Faneuil Hall for $140 million. In January 2012, the company completed the spin off of The Rouse Company to its shareholders. In 2013, co-founder Matthew Bucksbaum died. In February 2014, Bill Ackman sold his remaining shares in the company back to the company for $556 million. In April 2015, the company acquired the Crown Building for $1.78 billion. In January 2017, the company changed its name to GGP Inc.
2011 spin-off of Rouse Properties.
Rouse Properties was formed in 2011 as a corporate spin-off of General Growth Properties. On January 13, 2012, the company became a public company. In February 2012, the company acquired Grand Traverse Mall for $66 million. In January 2013, the company acquired The Mall at Turtle Creek in Jonesboro, Arkansas for $96 million. In May 2014, the company began a $40 million renovation of NewPark Mall in Newark, California. In March 2015, the company defaulted a loan secured by Vista Ridge Mall in Lewisville, Texas. In November 2015, the company acquired The Shoppes at Carlsbad in Carlsbad, California. On July 6, 2016, the company was acquired by Brookfield Asset Management.
2018 acquisition by Brookfield Property Partners.
On August 28, 2018, GGP was acquired by Brookfield Property Partners and management of its former portfolio was transferred to its Brookfield Properties subsidiary for $9 billion in cash. The transaction reunited the malls spun off in the Rouse Properties spinoff with the GGP malls. Upon closing the acquisition, Brookfield immediately sold a 49% interest in each of three former GGP super-regional malls to CBRE Group, and a 49% interest in three other former GGP malls to TIAA subsidiary Nuveen, seeking additional joint ventures for its newly-acquired malls.


Kohan Retail Investment Group

Kohan Retail Investment Group is a shopping mall investment company based in Great Neck, New York. They primarily purchase endangered/troubled shopping malls. As of late 2018, Kohan owns 27 malls.
History.
Northland Mall (Minnesota) was purchased for $1.8 million in late December 2008. Kohan purchased the Jamestown Mall in 2009 for $3.3 million. Staunton Mall was purchased from bankrupt First Republic Realty for $4.05 million in November 2010. In April 2011, Warren Mall was sold by Zamias for $720,000, and in April 2016 was under the ownership of Cocca Development. Lincoln Mall was purchased during foreclosure for $150,000 in June 2012, with millions owed in fines and taxes from its previous owners. Crystal River Mall was purchased for $2.8 million in 2012, and would be sold to United Realty M.T.A. LLC in August 2016. Tiffin Mall, purchased in 2012, was later sold to Key Hotel and Property Management in 2016 for $2.2 million. Macerich sold Rotterdam Square Mall to Kohan for $8.5 million on January 15, 2014. Lake Square Mall was purchased in March 2014 for $13.28 million, but would be sold to Via Properties in September with Kohan remaining manager. Staunton Mall was sold for $4.5 million in March 2014. The Orchards Mall, purchased in 2014, was sold to Durga LLC in late 2018.
PREIT sold Lycoming Mall to Kohan for $26.35 million in March 2016, who owns it under the name Lycoming Mall Realty Holding. Washington Square Mall was purchased in April 2016 for $2.5 million. Chapel Hill Mall was purchased in July 2016 by Kohan for $8.6 million. Southbridge Mall during its tax sale was purchased by Kohan for $1.5 million in September 2016. Also in September 2016, Kohan purchased Berkshire Mall for $3.5 million. Richmond Town Square was purchased for $7.25 million in November 2017. Kohan purchased six malls in 2018 for $46 million. Part of Eastland Center was purchased in 2018 for $3.125 million. Prescott Gateway Mall was sold to Kohan for $8.8 million in February 2018, half of what the previous owners purchased it for. Towne Square Mall and additional properties were purchased for $4 million in May 2018. The Esplanade in June 2018 was purchased by Kohan for $9.25 million. Valle Vista Mall was purchased for $12.5 million in mid-2018.
Parts of Marquette, Michigan's Westwood Mall was sold to two different owners in February 2019, one being Kohan. Berkshire Mall was sold to Durga Property Holdings for $1 million in July 2019. Towne West Square was purchased for $14 million in July 2019. Towne Square Mall was sold for $5.15 million to Towne Square Mall Holdings LLC in December 2019. Village Square Mall was sold to Durga Property Holdings in early 2020. Ashtabula Towne Square and other properties was purchased for $10.2 million in February 2020. Ownership of the Seminole Towne Center was transferred to Kohan in March 2020. Virginia Center Commons was sold to VCC Partners LLC and Shamin VCC LLC in early 2020 for $8.3 million. Kohan later sold another Virginia Center Commons anchor building for $4.1 million to Impact Investments Group LLC in April 2020. Clearview Mall in Butler, PA was taken over by Kohan in June 2020. Findlay Village Mall was sold to Kohan for $4 million in September 2020. Kohan purchased the Burnsville Center's debt at auction for $18 million in October 2020.
The Outlets of Little Rock were purchased for $10 million in January 2021. Central Mall Lawton was sold to Lawton, Oklahoma for $14.6 million in January 2021. Kohan purchased both the Birchwood Mall and Westwood Mall in February 2021, paying $5.6 million for Birchwood. Chapel Hill Mall was sold by Kohan to Industrial Commercial Properties in March 2021. Lansing Mall was purchased for $9.2 million in March 2021. Oak View Mall was purchased for $7.5 million in April 2021.
Controversies.
Kohan lost the Jamestown Mall in late 2011 due to foreclosure, but retained some ownership in late 2012. The mall had previously declared bankruptcy in August 2011. After purchasing Woodville Mall in 2009, it was closed in December 2011 by court order, and demolished by Northwood, Ohio in March 2014 due to its poor material condition. Lincoln Mall suffered from serious material condition issues during Kohan's ownership and in August 2013 went into receivership. Matteson, Illinois took over ownership in June 2014 and it closed in January 2015 after running out of money. At the malls closure, over $10 million in fines and taxes was owed to Matteson by Kohan. Lincoln Mall was demolished starting in May 2017. During a 2013 police drug search, serious issues were discovered in Northland Mall's former Kmart that included mold, roof damage, and other major issues. Ownership also owed $141,081.61 in taxes to Nobles County, Minnesota. The mall had serious material condition issues in April 2014 that Worthington, Minnesota took action on. Worthington won a court decision about the former Kmart in June 2014, and demolition began in February 2015. The mall was sold to 7&41 LLC in May 2015.
Due to lack of payment on a $300,000 bill, Rotterdam Square Mall lost power on February 12, 2015. The mall was later sold to ViaPort USA for $9.25 million. Since its purchase, Berkshire Mall has suffered from serious tax issues with many payments being missed. Kohan has been taken to court several times over these issues and has narrowly avoided Berkshire's seizure. Berkshire has also suffered from a series of power outages. Kohan owed $627,789 in property taxes on the Washington Square Mall in 2017, and the mall was put up for tax sale. The malls outstanding taxes were paid off in October 2018 for $1.1 million. VF Factory Outlet Mall closed in October 2017. Indian River Mall almost lost power in December 2017 due to unpaid electric bills and bounced checks totaling $428,175. The bill was paid the day electric was to be shutoff.
Mayberry Mall was almost closed on February 1, 2018 by local government officials due to roof and mold issues. It was sold to WRS Inc. Real Estate Investments in 2019. In August 2018, Kohan sued Clay, New York for a reduction in the Great Northern Mall's taxes, while owing $1.53 million to county government. Due to the roofs poor condition, Effingham City declared Village Square Mall unsafe in August 2018. Due to Kohan not paying Lycoming Mall's PPL electric bill, it lost power in late August 2018. In September 2018, Southbridge Mall was sued by Cerro Gordo County for $177,324 in back taxes. Those taxes were paid off in December 2018, with three of the previous four checks sent to the county bouncing. Kohan owed around $550,000 on The Orchards Mall in various taxes before its sale in late 2018.
Lycoming County Water and Sewer Authority placed Lycoming Mall on the February 2019 sheriff's sale list due to unpaid bills. Kohan made a partial payment to stop the auction. Chapel Hill Mall almost had power disconnected by Ohio Edison due to unpaid bills in April and December 2019. Tulsa Promenade was placed into receivership in July 2019 due to missed mortgage payments and maintenance issues. Kohan resumed ownership of the mall in September. Chapel Hill Mall in January 2020 was foreclosed on by Summit County, Ohio for owing $753,732.82 in real estate taxes. The mall also had electric and water payment issues the same month. Adrian Mall in March 2020 was almost condemned due to electrical, roof, and structural issues. It was later condemned in June 2020 due to numerous serious issues.
Kohan in March 2021 owed $320,000 in back taxes on The Esplanade. During Jefferson Parish, Louisiana's investigation, it was discovered that additional taxes from 1992 were not paid on the vacant Macy's anchor building, resulting in Kohan owing another $480,000. Parts of the property later went up for tax sale, were not sold, and the assets transferred to Jefferson Parish.
List of properties.
Mall properties owned by Kohan Retail Investment Group as of 2021 include:
List of former properties.
Properties previously owned by Kohan Retail Investment Group as of 2021 include:


Eagle Cave

Eagle Cave is an onyx cave located near Blue River, Wisconsin, in Richland County, Wisconsin, United States. Eagle Cave is known as Wisconsin's largest onyx cave and was the first cave to be commercially owned and operated in Wisconsin. The cave was discovered in 1849 and opened to the public in 1938. It is a popular camping destination, especially during the fall, winter, and spring months, when youth group campers are allowed to camp inside the cave and participate in their cave exploratory program. The cave exploratory program has been operating since 1954.


Lochnagar

Lochnagar () or () is a mountain in the Grampians of Scotland, located about five miles south of the River Dee near Balmoral. It is a popular hill with hillwalkers, and is a noted venue for summer and winter climbing.
Names.
Technically, the English name is a misunderstanding, being named after , the 'little loch of the noisy sound', a to be found in the mountain's northeast corrie. Today the is popularly called Lochnagar too. The summit itself may be referred to as , meaning "small cairn of faeces" in Scottish Gaelic, or less euphemistically, 'little pile of shit'. Peter Drummond, former chairman of the Architectural Heritage Society of Scotland, has also suggested that is a corruption of ('slope'), which would lend a translation of "little cairn of the slope".
Lochnagar's alternative name, (mountain of breasts), is probably the original Gaelic name for the mountain.
Geography.
Lochnagar is located on the Royal Estate of Balmoral. Its principal feature is a north-facing corrie, around which most of the subsidiary tops, as well as the main peak, sit. The corrie is the location of many classic summer and winter climbing routes. The mountain is a Munro and is popular with hillwalkers at all times of the year, with the most common ascent route being from Glen Muick. Care should be taken on the summit in poor visibility: the plateau has few obvious features and has steep cliffs on its northern edge.
Climate.
Lochnagar's summit experiences an Alpine Tundra Climate, with freezing, snowy winters and cool summers. The nearest UK Met Office weather station is at Braemar northwest. The yearly temperature range is usually between and , but it can be slightly warmer and colder. January has the highest average frosts, despite February nights being colder; January has an average of 26.9 frost days, compared with 24.3 in February. There is the risk of a frost at any time of the year, even in July and August, when each month averages 1 air frost every 10 years.
Nature and conservation.
Lochanagar lies within the Cairngorms National Park, and also gives its name to "Deeside and Lochnagar National Scenic Area", one of 40 such areas in Scotland. The designated national scenic area is in size, and covers the mountains surrounding Lochnagar as far south as the head of Glen Doll, as well Deeside to the north.
The mountain forms part of two designated Special Protection Areas, due to its importance for breeding dotterel ("Charadrius morinellus") and golden eagles ("Aquila chrysaetos").
Cultural references.
Due to its location on the Balmoral estate the mountain has many royal links, and Queen Victoria climbed to the summit in 1848. In the film "Mrs. Brown", John Brown and Benjamin Disraeli hike up Lochnagar to discuss the need for the Queen to return to active involvement with government. It is also the setting for a children's story, "The Old Man of Lochnagar", originally told by Prince Charles.
The poet Lord Byron spent time in the area in his youth, and wrote the poem, "Lachin y Gair" (also known as "Dark Lochnagar"), which also forms the basis of a song:
A malt-whisky distillery located near the Balmoral estate on the south side of the River Dee produces the Royal Lochnagar Single Malt whisky.


El Qoseir

El Qoseir (, ) is a city in eastern Egypt, located on the Red Sea coast. Populated for approximately 5,000 years, its ancient name during the Ptolemaic era was Myos Hormos. Historically, it was the endpoint of the Wadi Hammamat trail, an important route connecting Egypt and the Red Sea. El Qoseir is located 138 kilometers south of Hurghada, 130 km north of Marsa Alam and 68 km north of the Marsa Alam International Airport. In 1986, its population was approximately 20,000. Today, the population of El Qoseir is around 50,000.
Climate.
Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as hot desert (BWh). Summers are hot and winters are warm. Winter night temperatures in El Qoseir, along with those of Marsa Alam and Sharm El Sheikh are the warmest of any other cities and resorts in Egypt. Additionally, Port Said, El Qoseir, Ras El Bar, Baltim, Damietta and Alexandria have the least temperature variation. Rain is very rare as in most of Egypt. Seasonal variation is small, comparable to Marsa Alam, but its summer days are cooler, even cooler than similar more northern areas at the Red Sea, like Hurghada and Sharm El Sheikh.
The highest record temperature was , recorded on July 12, 1983, while the coldest record temperature was , recorded on January 6, 1976.


HMS J2

HMS "J2 (later HMAS "J2) was a J-class submarine operated by the Royal Navy and the Royal Australian Navy.
Design and construction.
The J class was designed by the Royal Navy in response to reported German submarines with surface speeds over . They had a displacement of 1,210 tons surfaced, and 1,820 tons submerged. Each submarine was in length overall, with a beam of , and a draught of . The propulsion system was built around three propeller shafts; the J-class were the only triple-screwed submarines ever built by the British. Propulsion came from three 12-cylinder diesel motors when on the surface, and electric motors when submerged. Top speed was on the surface (the fastest submarines in the world at the time of construction), and underwater. Range was at .
Armament consisted of six 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes (four forward, one on each beam), plus a 4-inch deck gun. Originally, the gun was mounted on a breastwork fitted forward of the conning tower, but the breastwork was later extended to the bow and merged into the hull for streamlining, and the gun was relocated to a platform fitted to the front of the conning tower. 44 personnel were aboard.
"J2" was built for the Royal Navy by HM Dockyard at Portsmouth in Hampshire and launched on 6 November 1915.
Operational history.
"J2" torpedoed and sank the German submarine between the Orkney Islands and Norway on 7 July 1917.
After the war, the British Admiralty decided that the best way to protect the Pacific region was with a force of submarines and cruisers. To this end, they offered the six surviving submarines of the J-class to the Royal Australian Navy as gifts. "J1" and her sisters were commissioned into the RAN in April 1919, and sailed for Australia on 9 April, in the company of the cruisers and , and the tender . The flotilla reached Thursday Island on 29 June, and Sydney on 10 July. Because of the submarines' condition after the long voyage, they were immediately taken out of service for refits.
Apart from local exercises and a 1921 visit to Tasmania, the submarines saw little use, and by June 1922, the cost of maintaining the boats and deteriorating economic conditions saw the six submarines decommissioned and marked for disposal.
Fate.
The submarine was paid off on 12 July 1922. "J2" was sold on 26 February 1924. She was scuttled in the ship graveyard off Port Phillip Heads at .
The J2 wreck, also known as "39 Metre Sub", "130 Foot Sub", "Broken Sub" or "Deep Sub", is submerged in of water. The wreck lies on its keel running north–south with its bow pointing out to sea. During its scuttling the bow section broke off, exposing the forward torpedoes tubes and bow modifications. The wreck is accessible by experienced divers, but it is the deepest and most difficult of the four J-class submarine wrecks in the area.


Caddo Lake National Wildlife Refuge

The Caddo Lake National Wildlife Refuge is a protected area of Texas managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service as part of the National Wildlife Refuge System. It is located along Caddo Lake in East Texas.
The area that currently encompasses the refuge was highly valued in the 19th Century because its loamy soil supported rich cotton plantations. During World War II, Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant was established on the site. In 1993, the importance of the wetlands surrounding Caddo Lake was recognized at the Ramsar Convention, as the area was one of thirteen in the US that were deemed to be of "international significance". The NWR was authorized in 2000 to protect the bottomlands of the Harrison Bayou.


Trolley Square shooting

The Trolley Square shooting was a mass shooting that occurred on the evening of February 12, 2007, at Trolley Square Mall in Salt Lake City, Utah. A gunman identified as Sulejman Talović killed five bystanders and wounded four others before being shot dead by several members of the Salt Lake City Police Department. Authorities were not able to determine a motive.
Events.
Shooting.
On February 12, 2007, at 6:42 p.m. MST, Talović arrived at the Trolley Square Mall, parking his vehicle in the upper level of the mall's west parking garage. He was wearing a white shirt, a tan trench coat, and was carrying a 6-shot 12-gauge pump-action shotgun w/ a pistol grip, a 38-caliber handgun, and a backpack full of extra ammunition during the shooting. Two minutes after exiting his vehicle, Talović encountered 52-year-old Jeffrey Walker and his 16-year-old son Alan in the parking garage. He shot and wounded both in the head with his shotgun; Alan Walker managed to run down a staircase to the lower parking level, where he was assisted by other citizens. However, Talović stood over Jeffrey Walker, who had fallen to the ground after being shot, and shot him repeatedly in the head and back, killing him.
Continuing onward to the west entrance of the mall, Talović shot 34-year-old Shaun Munns twice with the shotgun from approximately 30 yards away. Munns managed to flee the scene and survive his injuries. Talović then fired twice at the entrance doors, causing shoppers inside the store to hide or flee. Entering the mall, he approached the west stairs, where he fired at a security guard, missing, then walked down the main level hallway in the opposite direction. There, he shot 29-year-old Vanessa Quinn in the chest with his revolver; when she fell to the ground, Talović stood over her and killed her with a second gunshot to the head.
Talović then entered Cabin Fever, a card store where seven people were hiding. He first approached 44-year-old Carolyn Tuft, who was crouched down near a display table at the front of the store, and shot her in the left side and arm with the shotgun, causing her to fall over to the ground. He then spotted 53-year-old Stacy Hanson crouching near the southeast glass wall of the store. Hanson said to him "Everyone just wants to go home," to which Talović told him to "Shut up!" before shooting and injuring him in the lower abdomen and arm with the shotgun, also shattering the glass wall; Hanson fell face-down into the glass.
Talović then approached a group of three people: 15-year-old Kirsten Hinckley (whose mother was the injured Carolyn Tuft), 24-year-old Brad Frantz, and 29-year-old Teresa Ellis. All three victims were lying on the floor in the southern front of the store. Talović fired from his shotgun, hitting all three people. Frantz died of a gunshot wound to the forehead, while Hinckley suffered a wound to the torso and Ellis suffered wounds to the right arm, torso, and leg. He then left the store briefly to reload, during which Carolyn Tuft crawled towards her injured daughter. Talović returned, shooting Tuft, Hinckley, and Ellis again; Hinckley and Ellis both died of gunshot wounds to the head, while Tuft survived a wound to the back.
Police response.
Leaving Cabin Fever a second time, Talović encountered off-duty police officer Kenneth Hammond of the Ogden City Police Department. At the time, Hammond was at Trolley Square on an early Valentine's Day dinner with his pregnant wife, 911 dispatcher Sarita Hammond, when they heard gunshots. Sarita Hammond borrowed a waiter's cell phone to call 911. Drawing his weapon, Hammond identified himself as a police officer, and Talović fired twice at him with his shotgun, missing. Moving around the central hallway area, Talović focused his gunfire at three restaurant employees, firing from near the south entrance of the Pottery Barn Kids home-furnishing store. Witnessing him returning to Cabin Fever and shooting Stacy Hanson in the back, an employee, Barrett Dodds, yelled at Talović, prompting him to walk back towards Pottery Barn. Hanson survived his injuries.
Meanwhile, Sergeant Andrew Oblad of the Salt Lake City Police Department entered Trolley Square through the south entrance and encountered Kenneth Hammond. Talović fired at both officers, and Hammond fired back in return. An active shooter contact team composed of Salt Lake City PD SWAT team members Sergeant Joshua Scharman, Detective Dustin Marshall, Detective Brett Olsen, and Officer Gordon Worsencroft eventually arrived and confronted Talović from behind. Scharman and Olsen shot him a total of eight times in the back with their Heckler & Koch MP5 service weapons, and Marshall also shot him five times with his AR-15 service rifle. When Talović turned around and aimed his shotgun towards the team, Scharman and Olsen fired again and killed him. Talović's body was later found to have been struck a total of 15 times by bullets fired by police. At least 30 rounds were fired by Talović, 29 of which came from his shotgun and at least one from his revolver. The entire shooting lasted for six minutes.
According to local TV station KTVX, several witnesses reported that most of the shooting took place on the ground floor near the Pottery Barn store, though the majority of the dead and injured were found in Cabin Fever. One of the victims, having been shot, apparently entered the nearby Hard Rock Cafe and told customers to lock the doors. The wounded victims were transported to local hospitals, some in critical condition.
Victims.
Killed
Injured
Perpetrator.
Sulejman Talović (October 6, 1988 – February 12, 2007) was identified as the perpetrator of the shooting. He was born in Cerska, a town in the Vlasenica municipality of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and later migrated with his family to the United States in 1998. Talović was a permanent resident who received a green card in 2005 and lived with his mother, father and three sisters in Salt Lake City at the time of the shooting. As a child, Talovic frequently spent time at the mall, and it was described as "the only place he went." The family at one point lived one block away. He had a record of minor juvenile incidents and had dropped out of high school at age 16.
After the shooting, Talović was buried in his birthplace, the small village of Talovići near Cerska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, on March 2, 2007. Sulejman's father Suljo Talović soon moved back to Bosnia and told media outlets that he was too sad and ashamed to stay living in a country where his son committed mass murder.
Motive.
Talović's aunt Ajka Omerović emerged briefly from the family's house to say relatives had no idea why he attacked so many strangers. She said that Talović had lived in Sarajevo as a child, and that his family moved to Utah from Bosnia. "He was such a good boy. I don't know what happened," she told Salt Lake City television station KSL-TV.
In another KSL interview, with Omerović, and Talović's father, Suljo Talović, the two indicated concern that some outside influence might have induced Sulejman to commit the killings. "I think this [Sulejman] did. I think somebody (is) behind him, I think, but I am not sure..."
The father suggested that the U.S. government bears some responsibility for his son's actions, saying "The authorities are guilty for not alerting us that he bought a gun. In the U.S., you cannot buy cigarettes if you are under-aged, but you can buy a gun." Federal law prohibits the sale of handguns and handgun ammunition to those under 21 from federally licensed gun dealers although some states allow 18+ to purchase handguns through legal private sales. Long guns (being a rifle or shotgun) and rifle/shotgun ammunition are prohibited to those under 18. Talović had bought the guns in a pawn shop.
In the light of the War on Terrorism some commentators, including John Gibson and U.S. Representative Chris Cannon suggested that Talović repeatedly shouted "Allahu Akbar" prior to his death, suggesting a religious motive, citing video of the rampage which supposedly captures Talović's religious shouting. After being told that police investigators had not uncovered any evidence to support his claims, Cannon's spokesman said the congressman accepts that Talović did not yell anything of a religious nature. FBI agent Patrick Kiernan stated that he had no reason to suspect terrorism. Ajka Omerović was quoted as saying, "We are Muslims, but we are not terrorists."
Officers honored.
Five officers were honored at the Utah state capitol on February 16 for their bravery in the Trolley Square shooting.
They are Sergeant Andrew Oblad, Sergeant Joshua Scharman, Detective Dustin Marshall, and Detective Brett Olsen, all of the Salt Lake City Police Department; and Officer Kenneth Hammond of the Ogden Police Department.
On February 13, 2007, Salt Lake City police officials thanked Hammond as a hero for saving countless lives.


Westfield Corporation

Westfield Corporation was an Australian commercial real estate company and operator of shopping centres. It was founded with the spin-off of the Westfield Group in 2014, where assets in Australia and New Zealand formed the Scentre Group and assets in the United Kingdom and United States formed the Westfield Corporation. It was listed on the Australian Stock Exchange with the ticker symbol "WFD".
Westfield accepted a A$32.8 billion takeover offer from Unibail-Rodamco, excluding Westfield Labs, on 12 December 2017. The takeover was completed, and parent company was renamed Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield, in June 2018.
Westfield undertook ownership, development, design, construction, funds/asset management, property management, leasing, and marketing activities for its centres. Its portfolio included investment interests in 40 shopping centres across the United States and Europe, encompassing around 7,500 retail outlets and total assets under management in excess of $28.5 billion. It also operated Westfield Labs, a technology and design arm based inside the Westfield San Francisco Centre.
History.
The first development of the Westfield Corporation was named "Westfield Place", and opened in July 1959 in Blacktown. The name Westfield is derived from "west" related to the West-Sydney location, and "field" due to having been located on subdivided farmland. The centre was opened by John Saunders and Frank Lowy.
The company was floated on the Australian Stock Exchange in 1960 and built another five centres in New South Wales before expanding into Victoria and Queensland in 1966–67.
The expansion into the United States began with the purchase of the Trumbull Shopping Park in Connecticut in 1977, and was followed by three centers in California, Michigan, and Connecticut in 1980 and three centres in California, New Jersey, and Long Island, New York in 1986. In 1994, Westfield collaborated with General Growth and Whitehall Real Estate to purchase 19 centres for US$1 billion. By 2005, the company owned centres in 15 US states.
In the 1990s, Westfield began a major expansion to New Zealand, where they mostly bought existing shopping centres of the Fletchers company, and progressively rebranded them. In 2007, with Westfield Albany, the company opened a new centre in the country.
On 9 May 2006, Westfield announced the sale of eight United States shopping centres which it deemed to fit outside its strategic plan, to Centro Properties Group.
In 2010, the Westfield Group split 50% of its Australian and New Zealand assets into the Westfield Retail Trust, trading on the Australian Stock Exchange as WRT. This trust was folded into the Scentre Group during the 2014 split.
In December 2017 the Westfield Board announced that it was recommending a takeover of the company by Unibail-Rodamco, one of the largest real estate companies in Europe, for a reported $24.8bn USD. The takeover was completed, and parent company was renamed Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield, in June 2018.
Properties.
Westfield had interests in 32 shopping malls in the United States, three in the United Kingdom, and one project under development in Italy.


Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project Area of Relevant Ecological Interest

The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project Area of Relevant Ecological Interest (: ARIE-PDBFF) is an area of relevant ecological interest in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
It is the location of the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, which explores the effects of habitat fragmentation and the processes of regeneration of forest fragments isolated by human activity.
Location.
The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project Area of Relevant Ecological Interest (ARIE-PDBFF) is divided between the municipalities of Manaus (3.61%) and Rio Preto da Eva (96.39%) in Amazonas, with a total area of .
The research area is about north of the city of Manaus.
The Rio Urubu State Forest lies to the north.
The BR-174 highway divides the ARIE, which is mostly on the east of the highway. Two small segments are on the west side of the highway in the Rio Negro Left Bank Environmental Protection Area.
The ARIE-PDBFF includes a total of 23 nature reserves in 11 forest fragments, including isolated reserves surrounded by pasture or secondary growth and non-isolated areas that are still part of large tracts of continuous forest.
There are seven camps in the ARIE, each with sleeping areas, laboratory, kitchen and toilets.
The ARIE lies within an area of in the SUFRAMA Agricultural District.
History.
The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project began its research in 1979.
The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project Area of Relevant Ecological Interest was created by federal decree 91.884 of 5 November 1985.
The ARIE is managed by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio) in cooperation with the National Institute of Amazonian Research and the Smithsonian Institution of the United States.
Only scientific research is allowed.
The ARIE became part of the Central Amazon Ecological Corridor, created in 2002.
The consultative council was created on 21 July 2015.
Environment.
The average altitude is above sea level.
The terrain consists of plateaus cut by small stream and creeks that form flooded areas in some parts.
The ARIE-PDBFF has a Köppen climate classification of "Afi", with temperatures ranging from up to , and average temperatures of .
Annual rainfall is , with the rainy season from December to April and the dry season from May to November.
Vegetation is dense rainforest with a fairly uniform canopy of about in height with the occasional emergent tree rising to as high as .
The local landscape includes protected areas and several areas of pasture, either in use or abandoned and in various stages of regeneration.
This provides a unique opportunity to study the forest regeneration process.
56 families of trees have been identified with over 1000 species.
Animal species include frogs (51), lizards (24), snakes (63), birds (370) and mammals (52).


Beaver Creek Wilderness

Beaver Creek Wilderness is a wilderness area located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. It was designated wilderness in 1975 and is managed by the Stearns Ranger District of the Daniel Boone National Forest. Located beneath the clifflines of the Beaver Creek Drainage, Beaver Creek Wilderness is almost entirely enclosed by sandstone cliffs. Below these high walls are natural arches and rock shelters used by Native Americans and early settlers.
Wildlife.
Many species of wildlife can be found in Beaver Creek Wilderness, including wild turkeys, white-tailed deer, ruffed grouse, red and gray foxes, rabbits, muskrats, mink, raccoons, and its namesake beavers. Eastern black bear populations also flourish within the wilderness and surrounding forest.


Hull Property Group

Hull Property Group is a shopping mall management company based in Augusta, Georgia. It was founded in 1977. The company owns, manages, and re-develops shopping malls in relatively small communities, mainly in the south and mid-west United States.
History.
The company was founded in 1977 as Hull Properties, renamed Hull/Storey in 1993, and became Hull Storey Gibson in 2008.
Among its acquisitions are Regency Square Mall in Florence, Alabama, in 2002, and Victoria Mall in Victoria, Texas in 2003.
In 2007, Hull Storey offered eleven of its properties for sale. These malls were located in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee. The malls were to have been sold to Hendon Properties, but the deal failed in early 2008.
Hull Storey Gibson also bought Macon Mall of Macon, Georgia in 2010 and began renovations on it. Danville Mall, formerly Piedmont Mall, was bought in 2013.
In September 2014, the company was restructured with the mall retail arm being renamed Hull Property Group.
In January 2017, Hull Property Group purchased the Hudson Valley Mall in the upper Hudson Valley region of New York state.
In January 2020, Hull Property Group purchased The Mall at Whitney Field, in Leominster, Massachusetts.
In May 2021, Hull Property Group announced that it will purchase the Charleston Town Center Mall in Charleston, West Virginia.
List of properties.
Mall properties managed by Hull Property Group include:


Blessed Sacrament High School Puri

Blessed Sacrament High School is an English Medium, co-educational Higher Secondary School situated in the city of Puri in Odisha. The school was established in the year 1953 by Sisters Adorers and is affiliated to Indian Certificate of Secondary Education. It runs classes from Std. I to X with love and service as the motto.
It is recognized as one of the top schools in the state of Odisha.
Vision.
The vision of the school is to steer the student community in the right direction by instilling in them the life values like integrity, solidarity and tolerance, thereby ensuring peace, progress and happiness.
Facilities.
The school has modern well-equipped science-lab, computer lab, multi-media system and a well – stocked library, Sports, NCC, Scout, Guide and House system.
Notable alumni.
Baisali Mohanty, ALC Global Fellow at University of Oxford, United Kingdom


Shiv Khori

Shiv Khori, is a famous cave shrines of Hindus devoted to lord Shiva, situated in the Reasi district of Jammu and Kashmir in India.located in the village sangar
Location.
In Reasi district, there are many shrines such as Mata Vaishno Devi, Merhada Mata, Baba Dhansar, Siad Baba. Shiv Khori is one of them located in Ransoo a village in the Pouni block in Reasi district, which attracts lakhs of devotees annually. Shiv Khori is situated in between the hillocks about 140 km north of Jammu, 120 km from Udhampur and 80 km from Katra.and light vehicles go up to Ransoo, the base camp of pilgrimage. People have to traverse about 3 km on foot on a track recently constructed by the Shiv Khori Shrine Board, Ransoo duly headed by the Divisional Commissioner Jammu as Chairman and District Development Commissioner, Reasi as vice-chairman.
Description.
"Khori" means cave (Guffa) and "Shiv Khori" thus denotes Shiva's cave. This natural cave is about 200 metres long, one metre wide and two to three metres high and contains a self made lingam, which according to the people is unending. The first entrance of the cave is so wide that 300 devotees can be accommodated at a time. Its cavern is spacious to accommodate large number of people. The inner chamber of the cave is smaller.
The passage from outer to the inner chamber is low and small, at one spot it divides itself into two parts. One of these is believed to have led to Kashmir where Swami Amarnath cave is located. It is now closed as some sadhus who dared to go ahead never returned. To reach the sanctum sanctorum, one has to stoop low, crawl or adjust his body sideward. Inside a naturally created image of Lord Shiva, about 4 metres high, is visible. The cave abounds with a number of other natural objects having resemblance with Goddess Parvati, Ganesha and Nandigan. The cave roof is etched with snake formations, the water trickles through these on Shiva Lingam. Pigeons are also seen here like Swami Amar Nath cave which presents good omens for pilgrimages.\
Other details.
About 40 to 50 years ago, only a few people knew about the Shiv Khori shrine but it has gained much popularity during recent decades. In earlier times the number of yatries was just in thousands but after the constitution of Shiv Khori Shrine Board during December 2003, the number of devotees has superseded previous records as the number of devotees in year 2005 crossed 300,000. This year {2016} it is expected to exceed 20,00,000 tourists. Some 30 percent of devotees reach the shrine from within the state and 70 percent from different states of the country.
A 3-day Shiv Khori mela takes place annually on Maha Shivratri and thousands of pilgrims from different parts of the state and outside visit this cave shrine to seek blessings of Lord Shiva. Maha Shivratri festival is usually held in the month of February or during the first week of March every year.
Keeping in view the increasing rush of pilgrims to the holy cave shrine, the Shiv Khori Shrine Board has taken up a number of steps to develop this spot in a bid to provide more and more facilities to the devotees, like the construction of Shrine Guest House at a cost of Rs. 1.9 million at village Ransoo, the base camp of yatra, Reception Centre and Pony shed at an estimated cost of Rs. 8 million, tile work of entire 3-km long track is nearing completion, plantation of ornamental and medicinal plants on track and development of parks etc.
Other arrangements like electrification of the cave with modern techniques, provision of oxygen and electric generators, exhaust fans, construction of shelter sheds for yatris with toilet facilities near the cave site, 15 shelter sheds en route Ransoo to cave shrine, railing from the base camp to cave, additional facility of 15,000/EfnrKing water reservoir, proper sanitation, provision of 25 kV capacity electric transformer, cloak room, starting of permanent bus services from Katra, Udhampur and Jammu, Police post and Dispensary and a STD PCO are under active consideration of the Shiv Khori Shrine Development Board.
To meet the ever-growing rush of devotees in having smooth darshans of Lord Shiva, an exit tunnel has been constructed by the Shri Shivkhori Shrine Board this year in February.
Post lockdown, time has been restricted from 7 AM to 5 PM. Arti time is 7 AM to 8 AM and 7 PM to 8 PM. Advance Darshan booking is required.
Post Lock-down Temple Timing and Procedure:
Starting August 20, Pilgrim has to do advance online booking for the Darshan. Darshan can be booked using following URL,
https://darshan.yatradham.org/bookings/ShriShivKhoriShrineBoard/PnPIBrLI/create
There are few restrictions like total no. of visitors is limited to 1000 (500 from JK and 500 from other states). Darshan time is limited from 7 AM to 5 PM.
Other Terms & Conditions -
1.  COVID negative certificate not later than 72 hours from the date of Darshan.
2.  The total permissible daily limit is of 1000 devotees per day (500 from J&K 500 from other states).
3.  Mask and Social Distancing are compulsory all the time.
4.  Below 10 Years and Above 65 Years people are not allowed into the temple.
5.  Darshan Booking voucher is not interstate/government Permission.
6.  The pilgrims should not carry any luggage/cell phones/electronic gadgets while reporting.
7.  All the Pilgrims in group tickets have to report together.
8.  The pilgrims shall wear Traditional Dress only.
              Male: Dhoti, Shirt / Kurta, Pyjama.
              Female: Saree / Half Saree / Churidar with Dupatta.
9.  Pilgrims who booked for Darshan should bring the printed copy of their receipt.
10. Reporting and late reporting of Darshan will not be allowed.
11. All bookings are FINAL: Postponement/advancement/cancellation is not allowed.
12. Shri Shiv Khori Shrine Board reserves the right of changing the terms and conditions or cancellation of Darshan under Special Circumstances.


Macrae Monument

James Macrae (1677–1746) was most likely born in the parish of Ochiltree and escaped great poverty to become a sea captain and later an administrator who served as the Governor of Fort St George and in 1725 Governor of the Madras Presidency, modern day Chennai. He encountered the pirate Edward England and was noted for reforming the administration of Madras Presidency on behalf of the British East India Company. James returned from India with a fortune conservatively estimated at £100,000. He died unmarried at Monkton House that he had purchased circa 1739 and renamed 'Orangefield' and was buried in 1748 at Monkton Churchyard in, for reasons that are not entirely clear, an unmarked grave.
The Macrae Monument.
Located in a prominent position (NS 236541, 628257) on the lands of Whiteside Farm overlooking Monkton this Corinthian style memorial was built between 1748 and 1750 for James Macrae by John Swan of Kilmaurs. The monument consists of a square base topped by an obelisk with four shell ornamented alcoves, one on each side. Five urns carry carved eternal flames and each side carries carvings that may relate to his life and exploits such as dolphins, anchors, forts, ships, etc. It has also been suggested that the monument was built in memory of James Macrae by his friends.
Construction started under the control of John Swan in 1748, however it collapsed when nearly complete in a storm on 13 August 1749 and was rebuilt by Swan in 1750, carved elements of the original building have been found within the core of the present structure.
The monument had been at risk of total collapse after a partial collapse of the west elevation in 1996, however in 2001 this category A listed building was fully restored by Peter Drummond of ARP Lorimer Architects, with Historic Environment Scotland, Heritage Lottery Fund, Glencara Estates, and other bodies contributing.
Old maps show that the monument once stood in a shelter belt plantation as part of the Orangefield woodland policies, however, part of that woodland has now been felled. The fence line to the south of the monument projects into the field, however, no indication survives of any formal landscaping of the area immediately around the monument itself. A lane runs up from Whiteside Farm giving access.
Burials in the monument.
Sometimes referred to as the 'Orangefield Family Burial ground', during the restoration works in 2000 building contractors did discover human remains below the chamber within the monument. Six 18th Century style inhumations, two male and two female adults, together with two child burials estimated respectively at 4 to 5 years, and 1 to 2.5 years. Only two burials were formal, as the other graves did not have the east–west orientation traditionally associated with Christian burials. The bones were replaced inside the monument.
No information has been uncovered regarding burials in the monument however claims that some of James Macrae's bones were removed from Monkton churchyard 'by a group of six or seven friend and reburied the remains within the monument.' The story's details are that a few years after his death several friends assembled at Orangefield House and after two days and two nights of drinking they made their way to Monkton Kirk and excavated several skulls and other bones from which they judged that the largest skull and longest shank bones would have belonged to their old friend and they duly lodged these within the monument that Shaw and Cuthbertson both refer to as a mausoleum.
Cuthbertson speculates with some local knowledge that having died before John Swan had finished his work the mortal remains of James Macrae were later quietly removed from St Cuthbert's Kirk in Monkton and formally placed in his mausoleum, the Macrae Monument.
During restoration the monument collapsed during storm conditions. No remains of 'Governor Macrae' were found although six graves were found within the monument. Dating of coffin handles suggested an early 19th century interment date.
James Macrae never married, however, his sister had married a Hugh McGuire and the couple had three daughters and a son. Macrae McGuire married Charles Dalrymple, sheriff-clerk of Ayrshire and James left the Orangefield Estate to her. Orangefield did not remain in the family and was later sold to cover debts. James, therefore, had a number of close relations in Ayrshire who could have been buried at the Orangefield Family Burial Site.
Micro-history.
James Macrae greatly admired William III and commissioned the £3,000 statue of William of Orange that stands in Glasgow, originally in Argyle Street near Glasgow Cross until development required its removal to its present position in Cathedral Square.
William Johnson's 1828 map of Ayrshire records the Macrae Monument as an 'Obelisk' on the lands of Orangefield near Whiteside and shows it in the same form as it stands today.
A group of buildings below the monument to the north-west are named as 'Corsehill' on the OS map and this may indicate that a Christian cross once stood on the hill above as suggested by several other examples of this place name in Ayrshire and elsewhere.
James Macrae is said to have loaned the City of Glasgow a considerable sum to help cover the levy imposed on them by Charles Edward Stuart, aka Bonnie Prince Charlie.
James Dalrymple of Orangefield was a close friend and patron of Robert Burns.


Pannier Market

A Pannier Market is a form of indoor market especially popular in Devon in the West Country of the United Kingdom where they can be found in various cities and towns. They take their name from the panniers once used to carry goods to market on the back of pack animals.
The word "pannier" derives from the French meaning 'basket', so "pannier market" literally meant "basket market"; in Devon it has become a slang term for a fruit and vegetable market. Today they are a form of market hall that will have market stalls from which goods are sold. Examples can be found in Plymouth, Truro, Bideford, Great Torrington, Barnstaple, Tavistock, Tiverton, Newton Abbot, Holsworthy and Sherborne, among others.


MacArthur Freeway