Nathan G. Moore House

The Nathan G. Moore House, also known as the Moore-Dugal Residence, is a house designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. The house was built one block south of Wright's home and studio at 333 Forest Avenue in the Chicago suburb of Oak Park, Illinois. It was originally completed in 1895 in the Tudor Revival style at the request of client Nathan Moore. Wright obliged his client's wishes, but long after disliked the house for its adherence to historical styles.
A 1922 fire gave Wright the opportunity to redesign the house. The structure was completely rebuilt above the first or lowest floor in a manner in keeping with Wright's other works of the late 1910s and early 1920s. While the new design stayed evocative of Tudor architecture, the house was heavily ornamented by details of Sullivanesque, Mayan, and other exotic origins. Wright's second scheme remains largely intact today and the house continues to be a private residence despite a brief period as a tour home.
History.
In 1886, Nathan Grier Moore bought a small, wood-framed house on a 50 feet by 150 feet lot at the southwestern corner of Forest Avenue and Superior Street. Moore had been born in 1853 in Cherry Tree, Pennsylvania and had attended law school in La Crosse, Wisconsin. He had recently been hired into the office of Chicago attorney John P. Wilson. However, Moore chose to reside in Oak Park with his wife Anna and first daughter Mary (born in 1883) instead of Chicago. The couple's second daughter, Marjorie, was born in 1889 while they lived in their first Oak Park house.
First Wright design.
Nathan Moore purchased the neighboring lot to the south in 1891 after the previous house on that site had been destroyed by fire. He soon announced his intention to build a new home on his expanded property. Frank Lloyd Wright accounted in his autobiography that Moore had been approached by many architects, including Norman S. Patton, before Wright himself was asked to design the project in 1894. Mr. and Mrs. Moore reportedly traveled to Wright's newly opened downtown Chicago studio in the Schindler Building to request his services rather than simply calling at the emerging architect's house across the street.
Moore had apparently not come to Wright in admiration of his design style. According to Wright, he proclaimed that "I don't want you to give us anything like the house you did for Winslow" referring to the recently completed house that Wright had designed for William Winslow in River Forest, Illinois. "I don't want to go down backstreets to my morning train to avoid being laughed at." Moore then proceeded to show Wright pictures of English half-timber buildings as inspiration for the proposed dwelling. Wright was apprehensive to design a house in a historical style, but he accepted the commission because of his financial obligations to his family (as he said, his "three children were now running around the streets without proper shoes").
The first plan proposed a remodel of the home Moore had bought in 1886. Plans changed and the existing structure was instead moved three lots west to front Superior Street. This made way for the construction of a three-story Tudor Revival house which was completed in 1895. The three story structure was built tight against the northern lot line which allowed for maximum yard space to the south. Walls on the main floor were faced in golden-tan Roman brick while the upper floors were finished in typical, dark-stained half timbering over light stucco. A steep, gabled roof and two slender, tall, brick chimneys topped off the composition. The main house was symmetrically proportioned with few exceptions – including the chimneys and window openings flanking the Superior Street entrance. A garage connected the residence to a garden house at the northwestern corner of the property. Wright also designed a matching stable building across an alley to the southwest. The interior was paneled in dark wood yet was amply lit by bands of diamond-patterned, leaded casement windows which opened the rooms up to the south garden. Inside also featured eight fireplaces, each with unique custom surrounds. "(See more period images of the first Moore House)."
Nathan and Anna Moore "were delighted with the house." Unfortunately the same cannot have been said for Wright. He came to regard the design with embarrassment and admitted that his "heart wasn't in it." His decision caused further regret after he was asked on more than one occasion to devise similar Tudor inspired houses for other clients. Like his mentor and former employer, Louis H. Sullivan, Wright considered the copying of historic styles to be "uncreative" and completely contrary to American freedom. Even so, Wright managed to work a few interpretive deviations into the design of the Moore House. These included a broad, south-facing porch complete with brick end piers, Sullivanesque details on the balustrades, and his signature bowl-shaped urns. "It was the first time...an English, half-timbered house ever saw a porch," Wright stated and further conceded that "the porch was becoming to the house."
Property expansion and Edward R. Hills House.
Soon after the new house was finished, Moore resumed the expansion of his property. In 1900 he bought the house on a 100 ft wide lot to the south from prior owner William C. Gray. That same year, Wright was rehired to remodel this recent purchase for Moore's eldest daughter. Actual construction waited until yet another house was acquired south of the former Gray house in 1905. This last house had been owned by a Mr. and Mrs. D.L. McDaniels. With an estate that now measured 250 feet by 150 feet, Moore was able to demolish the McDaniels house and move the Gray house south where it was subsequently refurbished and enlarged. The house, along with 60 ft of Forest Avenue frontage, was deeded to Mary and her husband Edward Rowland Hills in 1910 "(see also Edward R. Hills House)".
Fire and second Wright design.
In the early morning of December 23, 1922, an electrical fire destroyed the third floor and caused significant damage to the lower floors of the Nathan G. Moore House. At the time, Wright was engaged in the construction of several projects in California, but he accepted Moore's request to design the reconstruction and appointed Charles E. White, Jr. as local coordinator. Within a year the house was again ready to be occupied.
While Wright took this opportunity to completely redesign the house, he retained the essence of the Tudor style. The foundations as well as most of the first floor walls and south porch were retained. A slate roof and masonry chimneys were rebuilt in almost identical form to the originals, but Wright chose to leave out the second floor walls. The new roof sat directly on the first floor, thus making the entire structure significantly shorter. The pitched roof of the previous porch was traded for a second floor terrace with two open lightwells to the porch below.
This second house was more imbued with integral ornament than the first. A simple, first floor bay window in the east elevation was exchanged for one with a Gothic motif. Each side featured paired lancet windows and a facing of intricately adorned terracotta. While half-timbering was limited to the peaks of three gables, the remaining surfaces were replaced by banding of terracotta and heavily carved, geometrically patterned wood. In these details, Wright not only drew inspiration from English Tudor, but also from Mayan architecture and the elaborate, organic style of Louis Sullivan. The result showed similarities to other Wright designs of the period, including Midway Gardens (1913), the Imperial Hotel (1915–23), the Hollyhock House (1917–1921), and the four textile block houses (1923). The stables and garden house, which both survived the fire and retained original detailing, serve as a comparison between the styles of the earlier and later designs.
1946 to present.
On August 16, 1946, Nathan Moore died; his house and property were left to Mary Hills. The Hills did not keep the estate, but instead sold it the following June to Milton J. and Mary Summerville. During the transaction, the Hills retained the southern 40 feet of land to expand their own narrow lot. The home's most recent owner was Robert Dugal, who opened the house for seasonal public tours. However, these tours ceased operation in 2001 due to the progression of his Friedreich's ataxia disease. Mr Dugal died in 2020.


Blackridge Wilderness

Blackridge Wilderness is a wilderness area in the state of Utah. It was designated March 30, 2009, as part of the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009. Located adjacent to the Kolob Canyons section of Zion National Park, it protects a Black Ridge, formed by the Hurricane Fault, as well as a long stretch of LaVerkin Creek, a tributary of the Wild and Scenic Virgin River. Blackridge Wilderness is bordered by the Zion Wilderness to the northeast.
Flora and fauna.
Ecosystems in the Blackridge Wilderness range from low desert at the bottom of LaVerkin Creek, through pinyon-juniper woodlands in the middle elevations, and ponderosa pine, Douglas fir, and aspen forests at the highest elevations. Hanging gardens grow on some canyon walls. The wilderness and creek also offer habitat for mountain lion, mule deer, many species of raptor, and numerous small animals.


North Carolina Highway 308

North Carolina Highway 308 (NC 308) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves mainly to connect the city of Windsor to communities and towns in eastern Bertie County.
Route description.
NC 308 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from US 258 and NC 561 near Rich Square to NC 32 in Pleasant Grove. The highway provides a direct link for Roxobel, Kelford, and Lewiston Woodville to Windsor, the county seat of Bertie County. Continuing east, it crosses the Roanoke River, forms a concurrency with NC 45 and North Carolina Bicycle Route 3, then connects the communities of Westover and Mackeys, before ending at NC 32 in Pleasant Grove.
Scenic byways.
Edenton-Windsor Loop is an is a double loop byway connecting the cities of Edenton and Windsor. NC 308 covers of the loop from Windsor to Pleasant Grove. The byway is noted for historical homes in Edenton, the Sans Souci Ferry, the scenic river and coastal views, and history.
History.
Established in 1933 as a new primary routing, it went from US 258/NC 12 near Rich Square to NC 30 (today's US 13 Business) at Granville Street in Windsor. In 1975, NC 308 was extended east to NC 45. Between 1980 and 1982, NC 308 was extended again to its current eastern terminus in Pleasant Grove.
Special routes.
Windsor truck route.
North Carolina Highway 308 Truck (NC 308 Truck) is a route that bypasses southeast of downtown Windsor. It overlaps at first with US 13 and US 17, then with US 17 Business.


Volga-Kama Nature Reserve

Volga-Kama Nature Reserve () (also Volzhsko-Kamsky, Vosshko-Kamisky) is a Russian 'zapovednik' (strict ecological reserve) at the confluence of the Volga River, the Kama River, and the Myosha River. There are two sections to the reserve, one on the left bank terraces of the Volga, at the actual meeting point of the rivers, the other section about 100 km up the Volga on the western outskirts of the city of Kazan. The reserve is situated in the Zelenodolsky Districts and Laishevsky District of Tatarstan. It was formally established in 1960 to protect remaining forest and forest-steppe habitat of the middle Volga region, and has an area of . A particular focus of scientific study is the effects of the Kuybyshev Reservoir on the local environment. The reservoir was completed in the mid-1950s, and is the largest reservoir in Europe. The Volga-Kama Reserve is part of a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.
Topography.
The Volga-Kama Reserve has two sections:
The river valleys of the northern sector are at an absolute level of up to 66 meters; the higher areas in the north and south of the Raifa sector reach 120 meters.
Climate and Ecoregion.
Volga-Kama Reserve is located in the "East European forest steppe" ecoregion, which is a transition zone between the broadleaf forests of the north and the grasslands to the south. This ecoregion is characterized by a mosaic of forests, steppe, and riverine wetlands.
The climate of Volga-Kama is "Humid continental climate, warm summer" (Köppen climate classification (Dfb)). This climate is characterized by large swings in temperature, both diurnally and seasonally, with mild summers and cold, snowy winters. The average temperature in the Volga-Kama Reserve ranges from in January to in July. Precipitation ranges from 490 – 640 mm/year.
Flora and fauna.
The two sectors of the reserve belong to two different biogeographic zones, as they straddle a moisture demarcation contour that separates the mixed coniferous-deciduous forests to the north from the deciduous forests to the south. The primary trees of the Raifa sector are spruce and Scots pine. Green moss is important in the Raifa sector, with sphagnum moss in the wetlands of the Raifa area. The trees of the southern Sarala section are of the deciduous forest, with oak communities and secondary forest of linden and aspen. Over 600 species of algae, and over 700 species of fungi, have been recorded in the reserve. Scientists on the reserve have recorded 844 species of vascular plants.
The animal life of the northern sector (Raifa) are those of the southern taiga: voles, shrews, forest mice, bats, squirrels, marten, foxes, hares, and moose. The Sarala sector is more southern in character, with hares, wild boar, and roe deer. Beaver were reintroduced in 1996. Scientists on the reserve have recorded 50 species of mammals in the borders. Birds include forest birds and waterfowl, reflecting the variety of habitat in the area. 230 species of birds have been recorded. 41 species of fish have been recorded.
Ecoeducation and access.
As a strict nature reserve, the Volga-Kama Reserve is mostly closed to the general public, although scientists and those with 'environmental education' purposes can make arrangements with park management for visits. There are limited 'ecotourist' routes in the reserve, however, that are open to local residents, but require permits to be obtained in advance. The reserve sponsors an arboretum and a nature museum; they are visited by over 10 thousand people. The main office is in the city of Kazan.


State Scenic Highway System (California)

The State Scenic Highway System in the U.S. state of California is a list of highways, mainly state highways, that have been designated by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) as scenic highways. They are marked by the state flower, a California poppy, inside either a rectangle for state-maintained highways or a pentagon for county highways.
The California State Legislature makes state highways eligible for designation as a scenic highway, listing them in the Streets and Highways Code, sections 260-284. For a highway to then be declared scenic by Caltrans, the local government with jurisdiction over abutting land must adopt a "scenic corridor protection program" that limits development, outdoor advertising, and earthmoving, and Caltrans must agree that it meets the criteria. The desire to create such a designation has at times been in conflict with the property rights of abutters, for example on State Route 174.
Any county highway that is believed to have outstanding scenic qualities is considered eligible, and the county with jurisdiction must follow Caltrans' same approval process as state highways to be declared scenic.
California Historic Parkways.
California Historic Parkways are defined in the Streets and Highways Code, sections 280-284, as a subset of the State Scenic Highway System. Such historic parkways must have been constructed prior to 1945, and have been determined by either Caltrans or the Office of Historic Preservation in the California Department of Parks and Recreation to have historical significance. They must not at time of designation be traversed by more than 40,000 vehicles per day on an annual daily average basis. They also must be "bounded on one or both sides by federal, state, or local parkland, Native American lands or monuments, or other open space, greenbelt areas, natural habitat or wildlife preserves, or similar acreage used for or dedicated to historical or recreational uses".


Longhorn Cavern State Park

Longhorn Cavern State Park is a state park located in Burnet County, Texas, United States. The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department is administrator of the facility. The land for Longhorn Cavern State Park was acquired between 1932 and 1937 from private owners. It was dedicated as a state park in 1932 and in 1938 was opened to the public. In 1971, the cavern was dedicated as a National Natural Landmark. The park's administration building was listed as a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1989.
Human history.
The park is named for Longhorn Cavern, a limestone cave formed by the cutting action of an underground river that receded thousands of years ago. Before the cave became a tourist attraction, it was used over the years by Indians, Confederate soldiers and outlaws, including outlaw Sam Bass.
In the 1920s, during the prohibition period, the cavern was used by Burnet County residents as a speakeasy. Performing musicians would entertain through the night. The popular spot was known as Sherrard's Cave before it was dedicated as Longhorn Cavern State Park in November 1933.
From 1934 to 1942, Company 854 of the Civilian Conservation Corps constructed Texas Park Road 4, residences, pavilions and an observation tower in the National Park Service Rustic architectural style. They also explored the cavern and made it accessible by removing some 2.5 tons of silt, debris, and guano and building stairs and walkways both into and inside the cavern.
In 2006, Steven Kurtz, curator of Longhorn Cavern State Park, re-introduced chamber music to the cave with the creation of the Simple Sounds concert series. The return of chamber music was featured on an episode of Bob Phillips' syndicated television series "Texas Country Reporter", with Kaye Barlow as the travel guide. Not until February 14, 2008, did dancers return to the cave floor when local Burnet County band Redneck Jedi performed. On April 4, 2008, Redneck Jedi returned to the cave and recorded their fifth album, "Unplugged and Underground", the first such recording inside the cave.
In 2008, Fantastic Fest hosted an after party for the premiere of "City of Ember". In 2012, the cavern tour area received a new lighting system.
In 2019, the cavern was used as a filming location for the YouTube interactive series "A Heist with Markiplier".


Green Oak Village Place

Green Oak Village Place is a retail lifestyle center located in Green Oak Township, serving Brighton, Michigan, United States. The mall, opened in stages between 2006 and 2008, includes six anchor stores: Barnes & Noble, Dick's Sporting Goods, DSW Shoe Warehouse, HomeGoods, JCPenney, Pier 1 Imports; Five Below; TJ Maxx and more than forty inline tenants. It is managed by REDICO.
History.
Prior to the construction of Green Oak Village Place, the only shopping mall in Brighton was Brighton Mall, a 20-store complex originally anchored by A&P and Grant City, which was demolished in 1996 for big-box stores, including Marshalls and Best Buy.
Following the construction of several new homes in the area, as well as increase in traffic along US-23 and Interstate 96, plans were made in 2004 to build a new lifestyle center called Green Oak Village Place at the interchange of U.S. 23 and Lee Road southeast of town. A small shopping center featuring Costco and Kohl's had already been built at the southwestern quadrant of this interchange. In December 2004, a preliminary approval was granted to build the center, which was developed by Lormax Stern in association with REDICO and Quadrants, Inc. The city's officials formed a task force to determine the impact that the mall would have on the city's downtown business district. Construction began in June 2005, ahead of schedule. At the same time, the Lee Road interchange with U.S. 23 was rebuilt to include three roundabouts, leading one local resident to create a board game based on the roundabouts.
Three of Green Oak Village Place's anchors — DSW Shoe Warehouse, Dick's Sporting Goods and Old Navy — were the first stores to open, doing so in mid-2006. Barnes & Noble opened as the fourth anchor on October 25, followed by a grand opening of the mall on October 27. Inline stores began opening in October as well. Two months after the mall opened, a display at the Victoria's Secret store led to boycotts and protests from members of the community.
A JCPenney department store opened in March 2007, and HomeGoods opened as a sixth anchor in September 2008. TJ Maxx opened in 2016 In 2020, Pier 1 Imports will close after the company filed for bankruptcy in February.


U.S. Route 360

U.S. Route 360 (US 360) is a spur of US 60 in the U.S. state of Virginia. The U.S. Highway runs from US 58 Business, Virginia State Route 293 (SR 293), and SR 360 in Danville east to SR 644 in Reedville. US 360 connects Danville, South Boston, and Keysville in Southside Virginia with the state capital of Richmond. The U.S. Highway also connects Richmond with Tappahannock on the Middle Peninsula and the eastern Northern Neck, where the highway serves as the primary route through Northumberland County. US 360 is a four-lane divided highway for almost all of its length.
Route description.
Danville to Keysville.
US 360 begins at a four-way intersection on the north side of the Dan River opposite downtown Danville. Main Street heads south across the river into downtown Danville as SR 293 and north as SR 293 and SR 360, the latter highway being the old alignment of US 360 from Danville to east of South Boston. The west leg of the intersection is Riverside Drive, which is followed by US 58 Business. US 360 heads east along four-lane divided River Street with US 58 Business and passes under Norfolk Southern Railway's Danville District rail line. The highway's name changes to South Boston Highway on crossing Fall Creek and veering away from the Dan River. US 360 reaches the eastern end of its concurrency with US 58 Business and joins with US 58 at the highway's cloverleaf interchange with US 29 (Danville Expressway). US 360 and US 58 leave the city of Danville after passing along the north side of Danville Regional Airport.
US 360 and US 58 meet the northern end of SR 62 (Milton Highway) in eastern Pittsylvania County before entering Halifax County. The highway's name changes to Philpott Road and it crosses the Dan River. US 360 and US 58 pass through the hamlets of Delila, where the U.S. Highways meet the northern end of SR 119 (Calvary Road) and Turbeville before reaching the community of Riverdale on the south side of the Dan River opposite South Boston. The U.S. Highways have a grade crossing of Norfolk Southern's Durham District rail line and intersect US 501 (Huell Matthews Highway), where the highways begin to follow Bill Tuck Highway. A short distance east of US 501, US 360 and US 58 diverge, with the former highway turning north onto James D. Hagood Highway to cross the Dan River and Norfolk Southern's Danville–Richmond rail line. On entering the town of South Boston, US 360 follows John Randolph Boulevard and has intersections with the eastern ends of SR 304 (Seymour Drive) and SR 34 (Hodges Street).
After leaving South Boston, US 360 becomes James D. Hagood Highway again, which heads northeast past South Boston Speedway and William M. Tuck Airport. The U.S. Highway crosses the Banister River at Terrys Bridge and meets the coincident termini of SR 360 (Bethel Road) and SR 344 (Scottsburg Road) near Scottsburg. US 360 crosses over the Danville–Richmond rail line and meets the western end of SR 92 (Clover Road) south of the town of Clover. The U.S. Highway crosses the Roanoke River into Charlotte County and follows Kings Highway, which intersects SR 92 (Jeb Stuart Highway) again and US 15 (Barnesville Highway) at Wylliesburg. US 360 and US 15 run concurrently north through Crafton Gate, where the highways intersect SR 47 (Craftons Gate Highway). South of Keysville, at the southern end of US 15 Business and US 360 Business (Old Kings Highway), the highway becomes a freeway. US 15 and US 360 cross over the Virginia Southern Railroad and have a partial interchange with the business routes. Just east of the town of Keysville, the U.S. Highways have a diamond interchange with SR 40 (Lunenburg County Highway). US 15 and US 360 pass under the Virginia Southern rail line before diverging at a partial cloverleaf interchange that also marks the northern end of their respective business routes.
Keysville to Richmond.
US 360 briefly runs atop the Prince Edward – Lunenburg county line before fully entering Prince Edward County, where the highway parallels the Virginia Southern Railroad to the south and Norfolk Southern Railway's Blue Ridge District to the north. The U.S. Highway passes through the communities of Bruceville and Meherrin, where the highway crosses to the north side of the Blue Ridge rail line. As US 360 passes through Meherrin, the highway briefly enters into Lunenburg County before reentering Prince Edward County, although no signs mark the county line there. US 360 begins to parallel the two rail lines at Green Bay, where the road temporarily becomes undivided. The U.S. Highway parallels both rail lines to Burkeville, a town in the southwestern corner of Nottoway County where the highway's name changes to Patrick Henry Highway. US 360 crosses over the Farmville Belt Line, a part of the Blue Ridge District that serves Farmville and joins the main Blue Ridge line in Burkeville. Just north of the rail crossing, the U.S. Highway has a partial cloverleaf interchange with US 460 (Colonial Trail Highway) and US 360 Business and US 460 Business, which parallel the rail line into town as 2nd Street. US 360 and US 460 bypass the town to the north and receive the eastern end of their respective business routes before diverging at a partial interchange. There is no direct access from westbound US 360 to eastbound US 460 or from westbound US 460 to eastbound US 360; those movements are made via SR 723 (Lewiston Plank Road) or SR 49 (Watson Wood Rd).
US 360 parallels Norfolk Southern's Richmond District rail line northeast from Burkeville. The highway meets the northern end of SR 49 (Watsons Wood Road) before entering Amelia County. West of Jetersville, the highway intersects the eastern end of SR 307 (Holly Farms Road), which connects to US 460 northwest of Burkeville. US 360 continues to Amelia Court House, which is directly served by US 360 Business (Goodes Bridge Road). North of the county seat, the U.S. Highway crosses the rail line and has a partial cloverleaf interchange with its business route before receiving the northern end of the business route west of Winterham, where the highway and railroad diverge. US 360 has a junction with SR 153 (Military Road) between Winterham and the Appomattox River, where the highway enters Chesterfield County. US 360 becomes Hull Street Road and passes through the village of Skinquarter before entering the suburban area surrounding Richmond. The U.S. Highway expands to eight lanes through Woodlake and crosses Swift Creek just downstream from the dam that holds back Swift Creek Reservoir west of the highway's cloverleaf interchange with SR 288.
US 360 continues northeast as a six-lane highway through more suburban areas before its partial cloverleaf interchange with SR 150 (Chippenham Parkway), where the U.S. Highway enters the city of Richmond and reduces to four lanes. The U.S. Highway crosses CSX's North End Subdivision and becomes Hull Street at its intersection with SR 161 (Belt Boulevard). US 360 heads into the Manchester section of Richmond as a four-lane undivided highway that has intersections with SR 10 (Broad Rock Road), Midlothian Turnpike, and US 1 and US 301, which head south toward Petersburg as Jefferson Davis Highway and north toward their James River crossing as Cowardin Street. US 360 passes the Art Works artist colony before passing over Norfolk Southern crossing the James River on the Mayo Bridge, which crosses Mayo Island in the middle of the river. US 360 reaches the north side of the river just west of the Triple Crossing; the highway passes under the east–west viaduct of CSX's Rivanna Subdivision and has a grade crossing of Norfolk Southern's Richmond District. The U.S. Highway passes under SR 195 (Downtown Expressway) follows 14th Street into the Shockoe Bottom neighborhood, where US 360 turns east onto Main Street, which carries US 60 and the GRTC Pulse bus rapid transit line. The two highways pass under I-95 (Richmond–Petersburg Turnpike) and CSX's Bellwood Subdivision and by the Main Street Station serving Amtrak's "Northeast Regional" trains during their four-block concurrency.
Richmond to Reedville.
US 360 turns northeast onto 18th Street at Mason's Hall to pass along the west edge of the Church Hill neighborhood. At Grace Street, the highway splits into a one-way pair; westbound US 360 follows 17th Street. The U.S. Highway meets the eastern end of US 250 (Broad Street), then curves north and passes under the Leigh Street Viaduct, which carries SR 33. The two directions of US 360 come together one block before the highway turns east onto Fairfield Way. The U.S. Highway turns north onto four-lane undivided Mechanicsville Turnpike and has a partial cloverleaf interchange with I-64 before exiting the city of Richmond as a six-lane divided highway. US 360 passes through the Henrico County community of East Highland Park, where the highway intersects Laburnum Avenue, which leads to Richmond Raceway. The U.S. Highway crosses the Chickahominy River into Hanover County, where the highway reduces to four lanes at the southern end of Mechanicsville's US 360 Business. While on the Mechanicsville Bypass, US 360 has a diamond interchange with SR 156 (Cold Harbor Road). The movement from westbound US 360 to SR 156 is provided at the northern end of the bypass, which occurs a short distance south of US 360's cloverleaf interchange with I-295.
Northeast of I-295, US 360 gradually transitions from suburban to rural surroundings. The transition is complete by the time the U.S. Highway crosses the Pamunkey River into King William County, where the highway's name changes to Richmond–Tappahannock Highway. US 360 passes through Manquin and Central Garage, where the highway intersects SR 30 (King William Road). At Aylett, the site of Zoar State Forest, the U.S. Highway crosses the Mattaponi River into King and Queen County, where the highway meets the western end of SR 14 at the community of St. Stephens Church. US 360 enters Essex County at Miller's Tavern where the highway crosses the watershed divide between the York River tributaries and the Rappahannock River. The U.S. Highway is named Richmond Highway northeast past Tappahannock-Essex County Airport to Brays Fork, where the highway meets US 17 (Tidewater Trail) at a directional intersection. The U.S. Highways run concurrently into the town of Tappahannock. Within the town, US 17 and US 360 cross Hoskins Creek and become a four-lane undivided highway. On the north side of the downtown area, US 360 turns east onto two-lane Queen Street and crosses the Rappahannock River on a high-level two-lane bridge.
US 360 expands to a four-lane divided highway on arriving in Richmond County. The U.S. Highway heads east as Richmond Road past the historic plantation Mount Airy to the town of Warsaw. In the center of town, through which US 360 is an undivided highway, the highway runs concurrently with SR 3 Business from Main Street to SR 3 (Historyland Highway). US 360 expands to a divided highway at the hamlet of Indian Field and passes through Haynesville before entering Northumberland County at Village. The U.S. Highway veers northeast at Luttrellville and meets the eastern end of SR 202 (Hampton Hall Road) in Callao. At SR 202, US 360 turns east onto Northumberland Highway, which is two lanes within the unincorporated village. The U.S. Highway briefly expands to a four-lane divided highway but is two lanes through Lottsburg. US 360 has another divided highway section before reducing to two lanes through Heathsville, where the highway passes St. Stephen's Episcopal Church and intersects SR 201 (Courthouse Road). The highway passes through Claraville, Horse Head, and Downings Corner before reaching its junction with SR 200 (Jesse DuPont Memorial Highway) at Burgess. US 360 has its final four-lane divided section between Folly and Lilian. At Beverlyville, the U.S. Highway curves south toward Reedville. At SR 657 (Fleeton Road), the U.S. Highway follows Main Street south to its eastern terminus at the intersection of Main Street and Reed Avenue, which are both part of SR 644.
Special routes.
Keysville business route.
U.S. Route 360 Business (US 360 Business) is a business route of US 360 in Charlotte County. The highway, which runs between junctions with US 360 and US 15 south and north of Keysville, is entirely concurrent with US 15 Business.
Burkeville business route.
U.S. Route 360/460 Business (US 360/460 Bus.) is a shared business route of US 360 and US 460 in Nottoway County. The highway runs between junctions with US 360 and US 460 west and east of Burkeville. US 360/460 Business begins at the partial cloverleaf interchange where the two highways begin to run concurrently west of Burkeville. There is no direct access from the westbound bypass to the eastbound business routes. The business routes pass through the town as 2nd Street before rejoining US 360 and US 460 a short distance west of their eastern divergence point.
Amelia Court House business route.
U.S. Route 360 Business (US 360 Business) is a business route of US 360 in Amelia County. The highway runs between junctions with US 360 west and north of Amelia Court House. US 360 Business follows Goodes Bridge Road parallel to Norfolk Southern Railway's Richmond District along the northwest side of the village center, where the highway meets the western end of SR 38 (Virginia Street). North of the village, the business route has a partial cloverleaf interchange with US 360 before reaching its northern terminus at the mainline U.S. Highway.
Mechanicsville business route.
U.S. Route 360 Business (US 360 Business) is a business route of US 360 in Hanover County. The highway runs between junctions with US 360 west and east of Mechanicsville. The business route begins as a one-way westbound ramp to westbound US 360. US 360 Business gains an eastbound lane and heads east as Mechanicsville Turnpike to an intersection with SR 156 (Cold Harbor Road) and SR 638 (Atlee Road). The business route continues a few more blocks before again becoming a one-way westbound ramp from westbound US 360. This westbound ramp is used to access SR 156 from westbound US 360 because there is no direct ramp in US 360's diamond interchange with SR 156.


Billmeyer Wildlife Management Area

Billmeyer Wildlife Management Area is a Wildlife Management Area in Allegany County, Maryland adjacent to Green Ridge State Forest. Established in the 1920s for production of game birds, particularly turkeys, the area is managed for general recreation and hunting pursuits. It is listed on the IUCN database as a Type V protected landscape.<


Avon Valley National Park

Avon Valley is a national park in Western Australia, 47 kilometres northeast of Perth. It was named after the Avon River, which flows through it. The area is an undulating plateau with the sides of the valley steeply sloping back to the river approximately below. The area contains granite outcrops and a mix of soil types including loams, gravels and lateritic sands.
It was officially named on 15 October 1971.
Jarrah, marri and wandoo trees are found in the park along with 90 different species of birds, making it an ideal place for bird watching. Christmas trees and grasstrees are interspersed through the woodlands.
In the springtime the park is visited by wildflower enthusiasts to view the diverse range of flowers, including dryandras, donkey orchids and lechenaultias. Other plants found in the area are Conostylis, and the rare fringed lily is also found within the park.
The bushranger Moondyne Joe used the area as a hide-out with his cave and corral situated within the park boundaries. Both have since been damaged by a series of bushfires within the park. The area was subsequently designated as a reserve within the National Park in the Moondyne Nature Reserve in 1981.
The third route of the Eastern Railway is in parts the southern border of the park, on the southern side of the Avon River, and provides - at times of bushfires and other emergencies - a track and point of access.
Facilities.
Entry and camping fees apply for visitors to the park. Toilets, water, shaded areas and wood barbecues are available for use. Trail signage and an information shelter are located within the park and a dedicated ranger is on site.


Barren Grounds Nature Reserve

The Barren Grounds Nature Reserve is a protected nature park located in the Southern Highlands region of New South Wales, Australia. The reserve is situated east of Budderoo National Park, and west of the city of Kiama. The reserve can also be accessed from the south, via a local road and a bush walk from the town of Berry. It is not far from the Nameless Sylvan Reserve owned by Bush Heritage Australia.
The nature reserve has several good lookouts that offer fine views of the coast. Interesting rock formations can be seen at Drawing Room Rocks, a geological feature in the southern part of the reserve. The former Barren Grounds Bird Observatory is located in the park.
Birds.
The reserve is part of the Budderoo and Barren Grounds Important Bird Area which contains large numbers of endangered eastern bristlebirds, as well as smaller numbers of pilotbirds and rockwarblers, in a mosaic of sandstone heath and eucalypt woodland habitats.


Kabardino-Balkaria Nature Reserve

Kabardino-Balkarski Nature Reserve ( "Kabardina-Balkarskiy zapavyednik") (also Kabardino-Balkarsky) is a Russian 'zapovednik' (strict ecological reserve) on main ridge of the north Caucasus Mountains. It contains all of the mountains in Europe over 5,000 meters besides Mt. Elbrus and Mt. Kazbek, and contains the most glaciers. The ridge at the reserve forms the famous "Bezengi wall" consisting of the peaks Gestola (4859 m), Katyn-Tau (4858.8 m), Janga (5051 m), Eastern Jangi-Tau (5033 m) and Shkhara (5068 m). There are 256 glaciers in the reserve's boundaries. The reserve is situated in the Chereksky District of Kabardino-Balkar Republic; it was created in 1976, and covers an area of .
Topography.
The reserve covers mountains ranging from 1,800 meters in the river valleys to the highest point on Mt. Dykh-tau (5,204 meters). 60% of the reserve is alpine zone above the tree line. The territory consists of three ridges separated by deep valleys of Chegem River, the Cherek-Bezengi River, and Cherek-Balkaria River. The westernmost ridge is called Kargashilsky ridge.
Climate and Ecoregion.
Kabardino-Balkarski is located in the "Caucasus mixed forests" ecoregion. This ecoregion is located along the Caucasus Mountains between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. It has one of the highest levels of species endemism and diversity in the world: 23% of vascular species, and 10% of vertebrates.
The climate of Kabardino-Balkarski is "Humid continental climate, cool summer" (Köppen climate classification "(Dfb)"). This climate is characterized by large swings in temperature, both diurnally and seasonally, with mild summers and cold, snowy winters. The climatic effects in the reserve are highly affected by altitude: at 2,000 meters, the minimum temperature in January can reach -30 C degrees, while at 4,000 meters the minimum temperature might reach -50 C degrees.
Flora and fauna.
The biodiversity of the plants is due to the wide range of altitude zones and the complexity of the terrain. In the nival zone, above 3,600 meters, there is no vegetation at all. In the sub-nival zone from 3,000 to 3,500 the sparse and non-continuous vegetation is that of tundra: lichens, creeping willow, saxifrage. From 2,300 meters to 3,000 meters is low-grass alpine meadows (up to 30 cm in height). The sub-alpine zone, 1,400 to 2,600 meters, is alpine meadows of hazel, alder, and rhododendron. From 1,000 to 2,400 meters is a forest belt of broad leaf trees to 1,600 meters and conifers above. Below 1,000 meters is pine, birch and oak forest.
The representative mammal is the endangered West Caucasian tur. It is found in two separate sub-species in the Chegem and Bezengi gorges, representing the Western Caucasus and Dagestan. Brown bears are very common. Other common animals are fox, jackal, wild cat, martens, ermine, weasels, Altai squirrel, hare, and several species of rodents, shrews, and bats. The only fish found in the streams are brook trout.
Ecotourism.
As a strict nature reserve, the Kabardino-Balkaria Reserve is mostly closed to the general public, although scientists and those with 'environmental education' purposes can make arrangements with park management for visits. There are several 'ecotourist' routes in the reserve, however, that are open to the public, but require permits to be obtained in advance. Three popular tourist routes are:
The main office is in the city of Kashkhatau.


Portsea Hole

The Portsea Hole is a depression in the seafloor of Port Phillip near Portsea in Victoria, Australia. The undefined area of the depression, generally assessed at , is one of six separate areas that comprise the Port Phillip Heads Marine National Park and is a popular site for divers.
Features.
The Portsea Hole is a remnant section of the drowned valley of the Yarra River, descending sharply from the depth of the surrounding seabed to , exposing changes in the strata of the limestone sides with depth. It is characterized by diverse and abundant fish assemblages as well as a rich benthic community of marine invertebrates, encrusting algae, sponges and soft corals.
The Portsea Hole in Port Phillip is about from the Portsea Pier. To the north there is a vertical wall approximately long. The wall has small overhangs which are home to plenty of marine life, including the beautiful Blue Devil fish. The Portsea Hole is a very popular boat dive site for recreational scuba diving activities.


Kashmir Point

Kashmir Point is a scenic viewpoint in Murree, Pakistan, where the mountains of Kashmir can be viewed. It is situated on the Mall Road. The point is 7500 feet above sea level and is the highest view at the location.


Bokora Corridor Wildlife Reserve

Bokora Corridor Wildlife Reserve is a conservation protected area in northeastern Uganda.


Charlestown State Park

Charlestown State Park is an Indiana state park on in Clark County, Indiana, in the United States. The park is on the banks of the Ohio River, east of Charlestown. It was once part of the Indiana Army Ammunition Plant (INAAP), and was donated in separate parcels to the Indiana state government. In 1993, the state of Indiana was given , and in 1994 was given an additional . When the park opened in 1996, it encompassed . With an additional given by the INAAP in 2004, the park has , making it the third largest state park in Indiana. The park attracts 131,000 people a year.
Features.
The main feature of the park is various scenic trails overlooking Fourteen Mile Creek, noted for being one of the oldest unglaciated stream valleys in the state. On the peninsula the creek forms where it meets the Ohio River stands an isolated bedrock ridge called the Devil's Backbone. According to legend, the Devil's Backbone forms part of the remains of an ancient stone fortress built by Welsh adventurers who traveled to the Ohio Valley in the 12th century, though the story is unsubstantiated. The Backbone is restricted, however park staff offer limited tours in the winter.
Over 14 miles of hiking trails are available for use, with many great views of the Ohio River, Fourteen Mile Creek and more.
Charlestown State Park has a 192 site campground, including "Full Hook up" campsites.
Devonian fossils and karst sinkholes can be found in the park, in addition to 72 species of birds, including bluebirds, black vultures and bald eagles.
The park was scheduled for $3 million in improvements, which were delayed in January 2006 when workers building a new boat ramp found a Native American cooking area dating back to 2,000 B.C. The remains of firepits and stone slabs that would be used to crack nuts were found, as well as Laurel chert, from which stone tools were made. Only once the archaeological surveys were done could work on the improvements, including a five-lane boat ramp and a riverfront walking trail, continue. In September, 2006 construction of the new boat ramps restarted. The boat ramp opened in June 2007.
In September 2011, the historic Portersville Bridge was relocated and reconstructed to cross the creek and connect Rose Island for the first time. Park Staff offer regular guided tours of Rose Island.
Future plans.
There are still railroad tracks and private houses on the property, and the Indiana state government is still deciding what to do with them. Future developments confirmed by the state for the park include more hiking trails, Mountain Bike trails, improvements to the campground, a Nature Center and cabins.


Huangpu Park

Huangpu Park () is the name of the triangular stretch of green at the northern end of the Bund in Shanghai, the oldest and smallest park of the city. It is the site of the large Monument to the People's Heroes, commemorating those who helped to free China from foreign occupation, and of the Bund Historical Museum, which documents the history of the Bund in old photographs.
Name and history.
The first park at the location was established in 1886 with the simple name "Public Garden", and was the first park in China open to the public. Designed by a Scottish gardener in European style, it included a resting pavilion and a tennis court, aiming at the increasing number of foreigners living in Shanghai since the city had become an international trade port in the 1840s.
The Public Garden was closed to Chinese people between 1890 and 1928 (although, as rule 8 in the photo above of the 1917 park sign states “amahs in charge of children are not permitted to occupy the seats and chairs during performances”, at least Chinese amahs were permitted to enter the park when caring for foreign children) , according to a popular myth, a sign at the park's gate read "No dogs or Chinese allowed". However, period photographs show a sign listing ten regulations, the first of which was "The Gardens are reserved for the Foreign Community", with the fourth being "Dogs and bicycles are not admitted". In any case, the banning of Chinese from Huangpu Park and other parks in China has remained in Chinese public mind as one of the many examples of the country's humiliation by the Western powers in the 19th and early 20th century. For instance, the legend is manifested in the Bruce Lee film "Fist of Fury", where a scene taking place at Huangpu Park gate features a (fictitious) "No dogs and Chinese allowed" (狗與華人不得入內) sign.
After World War II, Public Garden was renamed "Huangpu Park". Confined by Suzhou Creek to the north and Huangpu River to the east, the park bears the name of the latter, larger river.
The Park was remodelled in the 1990s with the addition of the Monument to the People's Heroes and the Bund Historical Museum.
While the place looks very different today, the historical name of Huangpu Park lives on in the names of places in the neighbourhood like Garden Bridge and the New Bund Garden, a high-rise apartment building in Hongkou District.


Chandelier Tree

The Chandelier Tree in Drive-Thru Tree Park is a tall coast redwood tree in Leggett, California with a wide by high hole cut through its base to allow a car to drive through. Its base measures diameter at breast height (chest-high). The sign claims 315 ft. high and 21 ft. wide, but a Certified Arborist experienced with tallest redwoods, using a laser rangefinder, measured the tree as 276 ft. high and 16 ft. diameter. The name "Chandelier Tree" comes from its unique limbs that resemble a chandelier. The limbs, which measure from in diameter, begin above the ground. The tree is believed to have been carved in the early 1930s by Charlie Underwood.
A vintage postcard of the Chandelier Tree was shown during the opening credits of "National Lampoon's Vacation".
Other tunnel trees.
A number of big trees in California had tunnels dug through them in the late 1800s and early 1900s. The tunnel allowed tourists to drive, bike, or walk through the tree. The tunneling inflicted severe damage to the health and strength of the trees. The tunnels were cut to stimulate automobile tourism. Because of the damaging effects of carving through trees, the trend of creating tunnel trees has long passed.
Giant sequoias.
The two giant sequoia drive-through trees have both fallen:
But two walk-through tunnel trees still stand:
Coast redwoods.
Two other drive-through coast redwood trees (taller and more slender than giant sequoias) still stand. These are also along US 101 in northern California, in Klamath and Myers Flat.


List of Delaware Byways

The Delaware Byways (formerly Delaware Scenic and Historic Highways) system consists of roads in the U.S. state of Delaware that travel through areas of scenic and historic interest. The intent of this system is to promote tourism and raise awareness of the communities along these routes.
History.
The Delaware Scenic and Historic Highways program was created in 2000 by Senate Bill 320, which authorized the Delaware Department of Transportation to create a system of statewide scenic byways. In 2007, the United States Department of Transportation awarded a $174,600 grant to preserve the Route 9 and Brandywine Valley byways. The Delaware Scenic and Historic Highways program was renamed to the Delaware Byways program in 2010.
Byways.
Brandywine Valley National Scenic Byway.
The Brandywine Valley National Scenic Byway is located in New Castle County, Delaware in the Brandywine valley. The route of the byway is along DE 52 from Wilmington north to the Pennsylvania border, and DE 100 from its intersection with DE 52, north to the Pennsylvania border. The byway is also a part of the National Scenic Byways program.
The byway passes by several tourist destinations, including Rodney Square, Hotel du Pont, the Goodstay House, the Gibraltar Mansion, the Delaware Museum of Natural History, Winterthur Museum and Country Estate, and Centreville Village on DE 52 and Montchanin Village, Brandywine Creek State Park, and First State National Historical Park on DE 100. Also near the byway in the Wilmington area is the Delaware Art Museum, Delaware History Museum, Hagley Museum and Library, and Nemours Mansion and Gardens with the Brandywine River Museum and Longwood Gardens farther north in Pennsylvania.
The Brandywine Valley Byway was designated a Delaware Scenic and Historic Highway on June 25, 2002 and a National Scenic Byway on September 22, 2005.
Delaware Bayshore Byway.
The Delaware Bayshore Byway (formerly Route 9 Coastal Heritage Byway) runs along the Delaware Bay and Delaware River from Lewes north to New Castle, with the southern portion consisting of several roads providing access to the Delaware Bay and the northern portion following DE 9; the byway also has a spur to Odessa. The byway provides access to several natural and historical sites and towns along the Delaware Bay and inland rivers, including Milton, the Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge, Slaughter Beach, Milford, South Bowers, Bowers Beach, the John Dickinson Plantation and First State Heritage Park in Dover, the Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge, Port Penn Interpretive Center, Fort Delaware State Park, and the New Castle Historic District. The byway is also a part of the National Scenic Byways program.
The Delaware State Highway Department recommended that DE 9 along the Delaware Bay and Delaware River be designated a scenic highway as far back as 1965. In 2007, the Route 9 Coastal Heritage Byway was nominated and designated as a Delaware Scenic and Historic Highway. By 2017, the byway was extended south from the Dover area to Lewes. On January 19, 2021, the Delaware Bayshore Byway was designated a National Scenic Byway. A ceremony unveiling the National Scenic Byway designation was held on April 22, 2021, with Governor John Carney, DelDOT secretary Nicole Majeski, and other officials in attendance.
Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Byway.
The Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Byway runs from the Maryland border in Sandtown north to the Pennsylvania border in Centerville. At the Maryland border, it connects with the Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Byway of the Maryland Scenic Byways system, which is designated an All-American Road. From the Maryland border, the byway follows DE 10 between the Maryland border and Camden, US 13 between Camden through Dover to Smyrna, DE 15 from the Smyrna area to Middletown, DE 9 from Odessa to Wilmington, and DE 52 from Wilmington to the Pennsylvania border. The byway provides access to sites related to the Underground Railroad, including the Camden Friends Meetinghouse in Camden; Wildcat Manor near Dover; Blackbird State Forest; the Odessa Historic District which includes the Appoquinimink Friends Meetinghouse and Corbit-Sharp House; the New Castle Court House Museum in New Castle; the Tubman-Garrett Riverfront Park, the Thomas Garrett House, Old Town Hall, Friends Meetinghouse, and Quaker Hill Historic District in Wilmington; and Centreville Village.
The byway was nominated in 2009 by the Underground Railroad Coalition of Delaware and the National Park Service's National Underground Railroad Network to Freedom. The byway was designated by 2010. In 2011, focus group meetings were held for the byway's corridor management plan, which was completed in 2012.
Historic Lewes Byway, Gateway to the Bayshore.
The Historic Lewes Byway, Gateway to the Bayshore (formerly Lewes, Gateway to the Nation Byway and Lewes Byway) runs through Lewes on Pilottown Road/First Street, Gills Neck Road, New Road, Kings Highway, Cape Henlopen Drive, and Savannah Road. The byway provides access to many natural and historical sites in Lewes, including Cape Henlopen State Park, the Cape May-Lewes Ferry, the Zwaanendael Museum, the Lewes Historic District, Lightship Overfalls, the de Vries Monument, Canary Creek, and the Kings Highway Historic District.
The Lewes Byway was approved as a Delaware Scenic and Historic Highway by DelDOT in 2008.
Nanticoke Heritage Byway.
The Nanticoke Heritage Byway (formerly Western Sussex Byway) runs along several roads in western Sussex County, beginning at US 13 north of Seaford and passing through Seaford, Bethel, and Laurel before ending at Trap Pond State Park. The byway passes many natural and historical sites including the Maston House; the Hearn and Rawlins Mill; the Ross Mansion and Plantation, Downtown Seaford, Seaford Museum, Seaford Railroad Station, DuPont Nylon Plant, Nanticoke River, and Chapel Branch Nature Trail in Seaford; the Woodland Ferry across the Nanticoke River southwest of Seaford; the Broad Creek in Bethel; the Cook House in Laurel; and Old Christ Church east of Laurel.
The Western Sussex Byway was nominated to be a Delaware Scenic and Historic Highway in 2009. The designation was approved by DelDOT in 2010.
Red Clay Scenic Byway.
The Red Clay Scenic Byway (formerly Red Clay Valley Byway) consists of 28 roads in the Red Clay Creek valley between DE 48 and DE 52. The byway provides access to many sites including the Garrett Snuff Mill in Yorklyn, the Wilmington and Western Railroad between Greenbank and Hockessin, the Ashland Nature Center, the Mt. Cuba Center, Auburn Valley State Park, and the Ashland and Wooddale covered bridges.
The Red Clay Valley Byway was nominated to be a scenic byway by the Delaware Nature Society and its partners in July 2004; it was designated a Delaware Scenic and Historic Highway on April 5, 2005.


Domeland Wilderness

The Domeland Wilderness is a federally designated wilderness area located northeast of Bakersfield, California USA. It encompasses , is jointly managed by the U.S. Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and is mostly within the Sequoia National Forest.
History.
Domeland Wilderness was created by the federal Wilderness Act of 1964 and expanded by the California Desert Protection Act of 1994, adding of BLM land.
The Manter wildfire in July 2000 burned more than of the wilderness.
Geography.
Elevations range from up to .
The wilderness protects the southern area of the Kern Plateau with the Wild and Scenic South Fork Kern River bisecting the wilderness down the middle from north to south. The highest area of the plateau is the middle of the wilderness with large expanses of bedrock with cliffs, domes and spires that give the wilderness its name. One of the most outstanding rock formations is Church Dome. Interspersed with these formations are mixed conifer forests ranging from white fir and Jeffrey pine to Limber Pine and foxtail pine at the highest elevations.
The western boundary is defined by a broken granite ridge with another ridge divide at the northern boundary. Large meadows occur in the wilderness and provide summer range for the Kern River deer herd and the Monarche herd as well. Other animals in the wilderness include the mountain lion, bobcat, and American black bear. A large population of rattlesnakes reside within the wilderness and visitors should use extra caution, especially in the area of the South Fork Kern River.
Recreation.
Extreme heat in the summer months as well as low water makes the Domeland lightly visited until autumn, winter or spring.
Activities in the wilderness are cross-country skiing and snowshoeing in the winter, as well as day-hiking, backpacking, fishing and rock climbing.
There are three campgrounds near the wilderness: Long Valley, Chimney Rock and Kennedy Meadows.
The Pacific Crest Trail runs through the wilderness for seven miles (11 km) next to the South Fork Kern River. The Rockhouse Trail follows the river for another four miles (6 km). A ford across the river is required to access higher elevations in the wilderness. The trails in the wilderness traverse the variety of topography and can be accessed via 10 trailheads. The Domeland Trail goes through the most rugged, rocky part of the wilderness.
Fishing for brown trout and rainbow trout is popular at this part of South Fork Kern River as well as other streams such as Fish Creek, Manter Creek, Taylor Creek and Trout Creek. The upper reaches of these creeks can contain golden trout.
Rock climbing in Domeland Wilderness is possible, with seldom climbed class 5+ routes.
The Forest Service encourages the practice of Leave No Trace principles of outdoor travel to minimize human impact on the environment.


Hoy and West Mainland National Scenic Area

Hoy and West Mainland is a national scenic area (NSA) covering parts of the islands of Hoy and Mainland in the Orkney Islands of Scotland, as well as parts of the surrounding sea. It is one of 40 such areas in Scotland, which are defined so as to identify areas of exceptional scenery and to ensure its protection by restricting certain forms of development. The Hoy and West Mainland NSA covers 24,407 ha in total, consisting of 16,479 ha of land with a further 7928 ha being marine (i.e. below low tide).
National scenic areas are primarily designated due to the scenic qualities of an area, however NSAs may well have other special qualities, for example related to culture, history, archaeology, geology or wildlife. Areas with such qualities may be protected via other national and international designations that overlap with the NSA designation. Hoy and West Mainland includes one of the six World Heritage Sites in Scotland, and there are several Special Areas of Conservation and Special Protection Areas within the NSA.
Creation of the national scenic area.
Following the Second World War, a committee, chaired by Sir Douglas Ramsay, was established to consider preservation of the landscape in Scotland. The report, published in 1945 proposed that five areas (Loch Lomond and the Trossachs, the Cairngorms, Glen Coe-Ben Nevis-Black Mount, Wester Ross and Glen Strathfarrar-Glen Affric-Glen Cannich) should receive a level of protection. Accordingly, the government designated these areas as "national park direction areas", giving powers for planning decisions taken by local authorities to be reviewed by central government. Following a further review of landscape protection in 1978, additional areas, including the northern part of the island of Hoy and the western part of the Orkney mainland, were identified as worthy of protection due to their landscape qualities. Accordingly, in 1981 the direction areas were replaced by the national scenic area designation, which were based on the 1978 recommendations and thus included the area entitled Hoy and West Mainland. The defined area remains as originally mapped in 1978, but was redesignated under new legislation in 2010.
Although the national scenic area designation provides a degree of additional protection via the planning process, there are no bodies equivalent to a national park authority, and whilst local authorities (in this case Orkney Islands Council) can produce a management strategy for each one, only the three national scenic areas within Dumfries and Galloway have current management strategies.
Landscape and scenery.
The bold, rounded hills of North Hoy are a dominant feature across the area, and contrast with the pastoral landscape of West Mainland.
Human activity has played an important part in producing the current landscape, with the neolithic monuments of the Heart of Neolithic Orkney sitting at the heart of the scattered farm steadings and stone dykes surrounding the Loch of Stenness.
The dramatic coastline of Hoy greets visitors travelling to Orkney by ferry from the Scottish mainland. It has extremes of many kinds: some of the highest sea cliffs in the UK at St John's Head, which reach 350 m; a light-stone precarious sea stack taller than the facing cliff – the Old Man of Hoy; patches of northernmost scattered, hardy woodland and the remote possibility of locally extant Orkney charr ("Salvelinus inframundus") documented in 1908 at Heldale Water. The most northerly Martello Towers stand here built to defend the south entrance to Scapa Flow at Longhope in 1814 towards the end of the Napoleonic War, never used in combat. The highest point in the archipelago, Ward Hill, is on Hoy.
West Mainland by contrast presents a softer landscape, described by SNH as "a palimpsest of geology, topography, archaeology and land use". The area shows evidence of having been settled and farmed for many thousands of years. The view of the town of Stromness, and its link with the sea were also identified as "special qualities" of the area by Scottish Natural Heritage.
The national scenic area includes the Heart of Neolithic Orkney, a group of Neolithic monuments found in the West Mainland portion of the area. The name was adopted by UNESCO when it proclaimed these sites as a World Heritage Site in 1999. The site of patrimony currently consists of four sites:
There are also neolithic remains on Hoy, the most prominent of which is a megalithic chambered tomb carved out of a titanic block of Devonian Old Red Sandstone, and known as the Dwarfie Stane, which lies in the Rackwick valley on the edge of the national scenic area. It is the only chambered tomb in Orkney that is cut from stone rather than built from stones and may be the only example of a Neolithic rock-cut tomb in Britain.
Conservations designations.
There are three Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) within the NSA:
The Hoy portion of the NSA, along with much of the adjoining sea area, is designated as a Special Protection Area due to its importance for nine breeding bird species: arctic skua, fulmar, great black-backed gull, great skua, guillemot, black-legged kittiwake, peregrine falcon, puffin and red-throated diver. The area is important for it seabird assemblage, which regularly supports 120,000 individual seabirds during the breeding season.


Loch Lyon

Loch Lyon (Scottish Gaelic, "Loch Lìobhann") is a freshwater loch in Glen Lyon, located in Perthshire, Scotland, which feeds the River Lyon, a tributary of the River Tay. Loch Lyon lies in Glen Lyon, that is the longest enclosed Glen in Scotland, stretching over 30 miles from Fortingall in the east to Loch Lyon in the west. Sir Walter Scott described Glen Lyon as the "longest, loneliest and loveliest glen in Scotland".
Reservoir.
The original natural loch was much expanded by a hydro-electric dam, part of the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board's Breadalbane scheme.


Lakenenland

Lakenenland is a sculpture park located in Chocolay Township, Michigan. The park was founded in 2003, when artist Tom Lakenen moved his collection of scrap iron sculptures from his yard to a plot of land near the Lake Superior coast. Lakenenland contains more than 80 sculptures in the creator's "junkyard art" style.
Description.
Lakenenland consists of of land located on State Highway M-28, east of Marquette. The park is located on a snowmobile trail and contains a lean-to where snowmobilers or cross-country skiers can warm up in winter months. Sculptures are located along a trail which is accessible by walking year-round and driving when road conditions allow. The park includes a pond stocked with fish, and an annual kids fishing derby is held each June. A band shell also provides a venue for live music, and a music festival is held each summer.
More than 80 iron sculptures are located in the park and new works are added regularly. Some sculptures are lighthearted, while others provide commentary on political topics, such as a pig representing corporate greed. Others pay tribute to the history and culture of Michigan's Upper Peninsula.
History.
Construction worker Tom Lakenen began sculpting figures from scrap metal to fill his time between construction jobs after giving up drinking alcohol. He welded in his garage and installed the sculptures in his front yard, but Chocolay Township officials told him they were considered signs and not permitted to be displayed in his front yard. Lakenen bought land near the Lake Superior shore in 2003 and created Lakenenland to showcase his artwork. Regulatory conflicts between Lakenen and members of the members of the township board presented challenges when the park was first opened, but the community has embraced Lakenen's park; in 2011 he was named township citizen of the year by the local business community.


Angel Lake Road


Ohio Scenic Byway


Barwick, Somerset

Barwick is a village and parish in Somerset, England, about south of Yeovil in the South Somerset district and on the border with Dorset. The parish, which includes the village of Stoford has a population of 1,221.
History.
The earliest signs of habitation in the area were the relics of a Bronze Age burial which were found in 1826, a little to the north of the village of Stoford, which may be a Saxon name derived from Stow-Ford.
Settlement may go back as far as Saxon times, the earliest mention of Barwick being in 1185.
In the Middle Ages, Stoford was shown as a new town and in an Inquisition or survey of 1273 there were 74 burgages each paying 10d (ten pence) a year. The total population of the borough in 1273 was probably over 500. Stoford kept its borough status for at least 300 years. A guildhall was mentioned in 1361 and there is proof of a separate borough court. There was still a 'borough of Stoford' in the musters of 1569.
The parish was part of the hundred of Houndsborough.
Governance.
The parish council is responsible for local issues. It sets an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and produces annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.
The village falls within the non-metropolitan district of South Somerset, which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, having previously been part of Yeovil Rural District. The district council is responsible for local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks and tourism.
Somerset County Council is responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, policing and fire services, trading standards, waste disposal and strategic planning.
It is also part of the Yeovil county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. It was part of the South West England constituency of the European Parliament prior to Britain leaving the European Union in January 2020, which elected seven MEPs using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.
Barwick Park.
The estate originally formed part of the property of Syon Abbey, and passed through various hands after the Dissolution in the 1530s.
The present house and park are thought to have been built in 1770 by John and Grace Newman, whose relations owned neighbouring Newton Surmaville.
The house was set in pleasure grounds containing a lake and grotto, while the surrounding parkland was ornamented with a Gothic lodge and a group of four follies. In the early 19th century the estate passed to Thomas Messiter, a barrister, who was John Newman's nephew and in 1830 the mansion was remodelled in a Jacobean Revival style. An orangery was constructed adjoining the north side at the same period. During the early 20th century the estate was let to various persons.
During World War II, it was the location of a prisoner of war camp, initially housing Italian prisoners from the Western Desert Campaign, and later German prisoners after the Battle of Normandy.
Following derequisition of the property, after the war, the Messiter family carried out considerable modernisation and repairs and took up residence. They remained there until some time in the 1960s.
From the early 1970s through to the mid 1980s the mansion and surrounding grounds were let to Pagems Schools Ltd and Headmaster Major Arthur Gray for use as a privately run boarding school attracting boys from London, Liverpool, Bristol, Swansea and several other areas around the country. The school was also part of the Sea Cadet Corps, known as T.S. Gryphon with affiliations to HMS Hampshire (D06)|H.M.S. Hampshire and nearby RNAS Yeovilton H.M.S. Heron. The school closed around 1986/87 due to bankruptcy.
In the 1990s the estate was sold to a private owner, and substantial repairs were carried out to the house, orangery and landscape structures. The site remains in private ownership.
Barwick Park follies.
Barwick Park boasts four follies. Locals say they were built to give the estate labourers work during a time of depression in the 1820s. They were possibly commissioned by George Messiter of Barwick to mark the park boundaries at the four cardinal points: Jack the Treacle Eater (a stone arch topped by a round tower) to the east, the Fish Tower in the north, Messiter's Cone (also known as the Rose Tower), which is high, at the west end and the Needle to the south. However, paintings of Barwick House in the 1780s, forty years earlier, include two of the follies.
The follies collectively rank on Countryfile's 2009 countdown of "Britain's top 10 follies".
Transport.
The parish contains Yeovil Junction railway station, on the London–Exeter line.
The church.
The Church of Saint Mary Magdalene is just off the A37 at the western end of the village, about half a mile away from the main centre of population.
The church was built before 1219 as a chapel of the minster church in Yeovil. It has been rebuilt and restored since, particularly in the 1850 when the chancel was rebuilt. There is still a weekly service. The ecclesiastical parish is now part of the benefice of Holy Trinity, Yeovil.
The most architecturally significant features of the church are the bench ends, dating from 1533 - the eve of the English Reformation. The bench ends depict scenes from village life as well as typical pagan symbolism from that period such as the Green Man and the unicorn, a symbol of eternal life. There are also religious objects dating back much earlier, presumably from the church originally on the site, e.g. the Norman font.
The church has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade II* listed building.
Sport.
A short lived greyhound racing track was opened on Saturday 22 August 1931 at Barwick Field on Long Lane near Barwick Park. The racing was independent (not affiliated to the sports governing body the National Greyhound Racing Club) and was known as a flapping track, which was the nickname given to independent tracks. The race distance was 525 yards, the racing ended in early 1932.


Bedesten of Larissa

The bedesten () is an Ottoman enclosed market ("bedesten") in the city of Larissa, Greece.
The bedesten is located on the top of the Frourio Hill, the city's ancient acropolis, and was erected in the late 15th century. The earliest written testimony about its existence is in a register from 1506, where it is listed among the pious foundations of Gazi Ömer Bey.
It is an orthogonal building, whose southern, eastern, and western sides are decorated with monumental pointed arches. Its dimensions are 27 × 18 m. The entrance was through a low gate on the northern side, leading to a small room, probably used as a treasury. This room was topped by six lead-covered domes, supported by two massive pillars. Nineteen shops were located in vaulted rooms located around the central courtyard, mostly dealing in cloth and valuables. Until its destruction by fire in 1799 it served as the city's commercial heart, along with the adjacent open-air market and bazaar. the 17th-century traveller Evliya Celebi mentions the building, describing it as a "veritable fortress" and likening it to a citadel. Indeed, the Frourio ("Fortress") hill received its name from the bedesten.
In the 19th century it was used as a gunpowder magazine. Today only the outer walls survive, and only the southern entrance is open. Prior to the opening of the Diachronic Museum of Larissa in 2015, it was used to house the local Byzantine antiquities collection.


Guayabo Island Biological Reserve

Guayabo Island Biological Reserve (), is a protected area in Costa Rica, managed under the Tempisque Conservation Area, it was created in 1973 by executive decree 2858-A DEL.
It is the location for many nesting sites for brown pelicans as well as various other species of birds.
Nearby are the Negritos Islands Biological Reserve in the same Tempisque Conservation Area, and Pájaros Island Biological Reserve managed under Central Pacific Conservation Area.


Buzzards Peak Wilderness

BUzzards Peak Wilderness is a protected wilderness area to the southeast of the Milpitas Wash Wilderness separated by California State Route 78 in Imperial County, California. Established in 2019 by the U.S. Congress, the area is managed by the Bureau of Land Management. Indian Pass Wilderness, Imperial National Wildlife Refuge and the Colorado River are to the south and southeast.
Wildlife includes the desert tortoise, Yuma kingsnake, Colorado River toad, Great Plains toad, tree lizard, burros, mule deer and mountain lion. Vegetation found in the area: cholla and beavertail cactus, ocotillo, palo verde, acacia, ironwood, and the rare California "Ditaxis".


San Lucas Island

San Lucas Island National Park () is an island located off the Pacific shore of Costa Rica in the Gulf of Nicoya. It is part of the Puntarenas district of Puntarenas Canton of the province of Puntarenas.
Formerly housing a brutal prison, now abandoned, the island was designated as a National Park on August 2020 by decree 9892 and managed under the Central Pacific Conservation Area.
Toponymy.
Named for Luke the Evangelist.
Geography.
San Lucas Island located in the Gulf of Nicoya off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, about 40 minutes by boat from Puntarenas. The island has an area of approximately
Indigenous culture.
Indigenous groups lived on San Lucas and the surrounding islands. There are eight known archeological sites on the island, including apparent houses where stone tools and a metal object were found in the late 1970s. The excavation sites date to between 1,000 and 1,500 AD.
Prison.
From 1873 to 1991, San Lucas Island was a penal island for some of the worst criminals in Costa Rica. It is often erroneously cited as the largest prison in Costa Rican history. It was founded by the dictator Tomás Miguel Guardia Gutiérrez. Being sent to San Lucas Island was a terrible prospect as prisoners' lives were short and often spent in torture. Ironically, Guardia abolished the death penalty a year after establishing the prison.
The former buildings of the penal island are considered "Patrimonio de Cultura," or cultural heritage sites. The buildings include a historic dock that is still in use after the first dock was destroyed, a church, a medical building, temporary holding cells, a three-story main office, a large concrete disc used to hold a water tank, and water pumps. In addition, there are prison cells of varying security levels depending on the prisoners' crimes. The prison cells contain the typical graffiti of older Latin American prisons, such as religious phrases, pornographic images, signatures and drawings. There are also several water pumps and a cemetery under excavation on the island.
José León Sánchez, a prisoner of the island, wrote "La Isla de Hombres Solos", translated into English as "The Island of Lonely Men", based on his time in the prison at San Lucas Island. León claimed that he was unjustly imprisoned for a robbery that he did not commit. Other prisoners included Beltrán Cortés Carvajal, the famous killer of the doctors Carlos Manuel Echandi Lahmann and Ricardo Moreno Cañas.
National Park.
It was first designated as a Wildlife Refuge as created in 2002 by decree 29277-MINAE.
On August 10 2020 it was designated as the 30th National Park of Costa Rica by record 21287 of the Legislative Assembly and also as a Historical-Architectural Heritage () by record 21789.
Wildlife.
The island includes a wide variety of wildlife, such as howler monkeys, spiders, snakes, deer, and pheasants. There are also at least 8 species of bats on the island. The waters surrounding the island are home to hammerhead sharks, rays, and turtles.
Tourism.
The Instituto Costarricense de Turismo began planning to invest money into tourism on the island by developing commercial spaces for restaurants, beaches, and tour operators. The volunteer organization Raleigh International occasionally sends young volunteers to help rangers clear beaches to make the island more attractive for tourism.
Now it is a full-fledged tourist destination, with several companies offering charters to the island. There is great concern that the tourist activities are destroying pre-Columbian sites and the prison's archeological significance, as well as the wildlife habitats of the area.
There are plans to develop more sustainable tourist activities on the island.
Volunteer work.
The island benefits from volunteers of the charity Raleigh International, who work with the rangers on the island to improve the surrounding area.


Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge

The Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (often shortened to Alaska Maritime or AMNWR) is a United States National Wildlife Refuge comprising 2,400 islands, headlands, rocks, islets, spires and reefs in Alaska, with a total area of , of which is wilderness. The refuge stretches from Cape Lisburne on the Chukchi Sea to the tip of the Aleutian Islands in the west and Forrester Island in the southern Alaska Panhandle region in the east. The refuge has diverse landforms and terrains, including tundra, rainforest, cliffs, volcanoes, beaches, lakes, and streams.
Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge is well known for its abundance of seabirds. About 75 percent of Alaskan native marine birds, 15 to 30 million among 55 species, use the refuge. AMNWR also provides a nesting habitat for an estimated 40 million seabirds, representing 80 percent of all seabirds in North America. The birds congregate in "bird cities" (colonies) along the coast. Each species has a specialized nesting site (rock ledge, crevice, boulder rubble, pinnacle, or burrow). Other animals present in this refuge include caribou, sea lions, bears, coyotes, seals, Canadian lynxes, beavers, foxes, muskrats, wolf packs, moose, walrus, river otters, marten, whales, Dall sheep and sea otters.<ref name="OPB 2020/11/02"></ref>
The administrative headquarters and visitor center are located in Homer, Alaska. In 1968, Simeonof National Wildlife Refuge, part of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, was designated as a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service.
Administration.
The refuge is divided into five units. Clockwise around Alaska, starting in the southeast, their component territories include:
Aleutian Islands unit.
Includes most of the land area of the Aleutian Islands, from Unimak in the east to Attu in the west


Atoko Point

Atoko Point is a 8,382 ft-cliff-elevation Point located in the eastern Grand Canyon, Coconino County of northern Arizona, United States. It is about 6.5 miles south-southeast of the northernmost point on the east of the North Rim (Point Imperial), but most of the points south, are on the East Rim (or South Rim) of the sub-plateau, the Walhalla Plateau. Atoko Point is 1.3 miles southeast of Roosevelt Point, and also 2.6 miles southeast of the Vista Encantada viewpoint. Two headwater canyons of Upper Kwagunt Creek and Canyon bisect around Atoko Point, and drain east to the south-flowing Colorado River, about 6.5 miles east, in the southernmost stretch of Marble Canyon. Atoko Point lies about one mile east of the Cape Royal Road.The cliff of Atoko Point is composed of Kaibab Limestone, upon Toroweap Formation, on white cliffs of Coconino Sandstone. Below is soft erodible, dk-burnt red Hermit Shale, on bright-red-orange Supai Group layers (4 units).


Norwegian County Road 862

County Road 862 () is a Norwegian county road in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. The road is long and it runs between the village of Straumsbotn in Senja Municipality and the city of Tromsø in Tromsø Municipality. Part of the route is one of eighteen designated National Tourist Routes in Norway. The Tromsø Bridge and Sandnessund Bridge are both located on the route.


Spook Cave

Spook Cave is a flooded cave located about west of McGregor in rural Clayton County, Iowa. It is privately owned and operated as a tourist attraction offering escorted boat rides into the cave. The cave was first discovered in 1953 and opened for business in 1955.
The cave entrance is located on a property that also includes a campground and cabins.
The cave is in the drainage of Bloody Run Creek, a small tributary of the Upper Mississippi River. A lock and dam maintain water levels sufficient for boat access; the cave's stream is allowed to drain to its natural, shin-high depth during the winter. Geologically, the cave is in the Driftless Area of Iowa, a region characterized by karst topography, caves, sinkholes, disappearing streams, and cold springs.


Cuevas de Sorbas

Cuevas de Sorbas are the tourist gypsum caves in Sorbas in Almeria, Spain. The formations are 6 million years old and consist of karst in gypsum rock.


Billies Bay Wilderness

The Billies Bay Wilderness is part of Ocala National Forest. The wilderness was established on September 28, 1984. The mostly marshy and swampy nature of the area is indicated by the word 'bay' as part of the name, since this is a Floridian term for swamp. It contributes to the headwaters of Alexander Springs Creek in the nearby Alexander Springs Wilderness.
Flora.
Plants in the area include red maple, bay, sweet gum, cabbage palm, sand live oak ("Quercus geminata"), sandhill oak ("Quercus inopina"), myrtle oak ("Quercus myrtifolia"), Chapman's oak ("Quercus chapmanii"), palmetto, gallberry, longleaf, loblolly pine, slash and sand pine.


Mow Cop Castle

Mow Cop Castle is a folly at Mow Cop in the civil parish of Odd Rode, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. The ridge, upon which the castle sits, forms the boundary between the counties of Cheshire and Staffordshire, the dioceses of Chester and Lichfield and the ecclesiastical provinces of Canterbury and York.
History.
Traces of a prehistoric camp have been found here. In 1754, Randle Wilbraham of nearby Rode Hall built an elaborate summerhouse looking like a medieval fortress and round tower.
The area around the castle was nationally famous for the quarrying of high-quality millstones ('querns') for use in water mills. Excavations at Mow Cop have found querns dating back to the Iron Age.
The Castle was given to the National Trust in 1937. The same year over ten thousand Methodists met on the hill to commemorate the first Primitive Methodist camp meeting there.
Though visitors were originally allowed inside the folly the area surrounding it has been fenced off due to several suicide attempts and one suicide on the ledge. On the turn of the millennium in the year 2000 a large fire was lit beside the folly as part of a network of communicating beacons across the country.
Mow Cop and its folly are central images in Alan Garner's novel "Red Shift".


Beartown Wilderness

Beartown Wilderness is a U.S. wilderness area in the Eastern Divide Ranger District of the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests. It is a very rural Wilderness, consisting of an area of with elevations ranging from . It was created from existing National Forest lands in 1984 by the Virginia Wilderness Act of 1984.
With its remote location, steep terrain and thick vegetation, the wilderness is rarely visited. It contains a unique combination of fast flowing streams, rare old-growth communities, sphagnum bogs and outstanding views.
The area is part of the "Garden Mountain Cluster".
Location and Access.
Lying to the southwest of Burke's Garden, Virginia in Tazewell County, Virginia, the wilderness is bounded on the northwest by Clinch Mountain and on the southeast by Chestnut Ridge.
The Appalachian Trail follows the boundary of the wilderness for about four miles as it passes along Chestnut Ridge from the trailhead on Route 222.
The Roaring Fork Trail, FS 6504, is a 2.3 mile trail following Roaring Fork, with trailhead on Forest Rd 222 that is reached by taking SR 625 from Va 42 at Ceres, Va.
A difficult 8.2 mile roundtrip, overnight-backpack begins at a trailhead on Forest Road 631.
A few logging roads, no longer maintained, allowing access by foot, can be identified by looking at older editions of the USGS topos (Hutchinson Rock) Some of these difficult hikes are:
Natural History.
An oak-hickory forest dominates the southern border giving way, at higher elevations, to northern hardwoods, spruce and yellow birch. A cove forest in the valley between Clinch Mountain and Chestnut Ridge contains large tuliptrees, Fraser magnolia, cucumber magnolia and basswood . Old growth forest can be found on Redoak Ridge, Barkcamp Branch, the north-facing slope west of Heniger Gap and steep ravines in the midsection of Cove Branch where the rough terrain has offered protection from logging.
A basin running from the headwaters of Cove Branch contains a sphagnum bog and beaver-formed ponds. The basin provides habitat for the rare long stalked holly and beaked dodder. Other flowers in the wilderness include Indian cucumber, alumroot, trillium, and plants such as yellow birch and hobble bush.
The forest provides good habitat for black bear, white-tailed deer, grouse and northern flying squirrel. The forest also contains blackcapped chickadee, red-breasted nuthatch and winter wren, birds more commonly found in more northern forests. The Beartown beetle is not found anywhere else in the world.
Topography.
Elevations in the wilderness range from 2400 to 4480 feet, with several peaks over 4000 feet; Clinch Mountain at 4450 feet, Hutchinson Rock at 4480 feet in the far northeast corner and adjacent Chestnut Ridge at 4400 feet.
The principal drainage is Roaring Fork with tributaries Cove Branch, Barkcamp Branch and Coon Branch rapidly descending through the wilderness.
Clinch Mountain is created from shale and sandstone, with some pockets of limestone mixed with the shale and sandstone to form pockets of rich habitat.
Management.
The area is managed as a wilderness by the Forest Service through the Eastern Divide Ranger District of the George Washington & Jefferson National Forests.
There are some regulations to maintain the integrity of the area. For example, motorized equipment, motor vehicles and mountain bikes are prohibited, group size is limited to ten people, and limits are placed on camping.
Cultural History.
Over the years many airplanes have crashed into Beartown Mountain leaving remnants which can still be seen today, including a WWII-era P-51D Mustang.


Waterloo Forest Reserve

The Waterloo Forest Reserve is found in Sierra Leone, Africa.
This site is 0.85 km².


E5 European long distance path

The E5 European long distance path or E5 path is one of the European long-distance paths from the French Atlantic coast in Brittany through Switzerland, Austria and Germany over the Alps to Venice in Italy. It is waymarked over the whole 3200 km (1988 mi) distance. The heaviest used section is the last part, which crosses Europe’s highest mountains from Lake Constance to Italy (600 km, around 30 days). Even this part does not require climbing experience.
France.
The E5 route starts at Pointe du Raz in the north-west of France. It initially follows the Channel coast, then runs inland past Versailles and follows the Seine to Dijon. After traversing the Vosges the trail reaches Lake Constance.
Switzerland.
The E5 passes the Rhine Falls, then follows the southern shore of Lake Constance to Rheineck.
Austria.
The trail heads east from Bregenz, then ascends to the Staufner hut and the German border.
Germany.
Most E5 walkers start from Oberstdorf, where the Alpine section begins. After 50 km the trail crosses the Austrian border after the Kemptner hut.
Austria.
The most strenuous and spectacular part of the track (175 km) crosses the Allgäu, Lechtal and Ötztal Alps. The route leads the traveller past the Memminger hut towards Zams and afterwards over Geigenkamm and Kaunergrat to Pitztal. Beyond Mittelberg the route crosses Pitztaler Joch, the highest point of the trail (2995m), before reaching the Italian border near the Timmelsjoch.
Italy.
The E5 now goes past the Heilig Kreuz Spitze and the Hohe Warte to Merano and Bolzano. The trail is then less mountainous and less crowded, but there are still more than 12 hard days of walking to Verona. The track leads the traveller along the west flank of the Dolomites past the health resort of Levico Terme and over the history-charged Pasúbio massif towards the final destination, Verona.


Cape Torrens Wilderness Protection Area

Cape Torrens Wilderness Protection Area, formerly the Cape Torrens Conservation Park and the Cape Torrens National Park, is a protected area on Kangaroo Island, South Australia. It was originally dedicated on 21 January 1971 to conserve remnant native vegetation with outstanding coastal and cliff scenery and proclaimed as a wilderness protection area on 15 October 1993.
Description.
The wilderness protection area has an area of with of coastline including Cape Torrens. It lies towards the western end of the island's north coast. It is characterised by a coastal ridge and the scenic cliffs typical of the north coast, declining in altitude further inland. The cliff tops carry a coastal complex dominated by "Acacia paradoxa", grading inland to open eucalypt scrubland. The ridge has patches of "Eucalyptus cladocalyx" woodland with an understorey of "Hakea rostrata", "Xanthorrhoea tateana" and "Lasiopetalum" sp. The wilderness protection area is classified as an IUCN Category Ib protected area.
Wilderness qualities.
The following qualities have been identified by the government agency managing the wilderness protection area:
 The area is outstanding for the biological integrity of its native forest and woodland, and for its wild coastal scenery. It also contains habitat for the endangered Glossy Black-cockatoo. The wilderness quality of Cape Torrens Wilderness Protection Area is recorded as high, as it is undisturbed by structures and impacts of modern technology. There are no internal tracks and the vegetation is virtually pristine.


Trillemarka

Trillemarka (Trillemarka - Rollagsfjell) is a nature reserve located in Buskerud, Norway. It was created on December 13, 2002 and is located in the hill- and mountain areas between Nore in Numedal and Solevann in Sigdal, partially in the municipalities of Sigdal, Nore og Uvdal, and Rollag. The nature reserve consists of one of the largest natural forest areas in central Østlandet and includes virgin forest and 93 red list species.
The Norwegian government decided on January 8, 2008 that is to be protected. The landowners received NOK 100 million in compensation.
Controversy.
There has been a large controversy between environmentalists and the owners of the forest. As a consequence of the debate there has been suggested four different sizes for an expansion of the nature reserve:
Among the environmentalist organizations that have taken an interest in Trillemarka, are Natur og Ungdom, WWF, and Friends of the Earth, Norway.


Zane Shawnee Caverns

The Zane Shawnee Caverns is a cave system in Jefferson Township, Logan County, Ohio, United States. The caverns are show caves owned by the nonprofit United Remnant Band of the Shawnee Nation as of 1995.
These caverns are located between Zanesfield and Bellefontaine, Ohio, near the Ohio Caverns. Both cave systems were formed by the same glacial process which deposited moraine upon nearby Campbell Hill.
History and site features.
The land adjacent to Zane Shawnee Caverns was historically used as a thoroughfare by the Shawnee, as it provided a portage between the Great Miami River and the rivers feeding into Lake Erie (particularly the Maumee River). The caverns were not generally known until they were discovered in 1892, when John Dunlap rescued a boy and a dog from a sinkhole. The caverns were named the Zane Caverns, after the nearby village of Zanesfield. The caverns were operated privately as a show cave throughout most of the 20th century.
In 1996, the Shawnee Nation, URB, an Ohio recognized tribe who claim Shawnee descent, purchased the caverns and surrounding land. They renamed the site as the Zane Shawnee Caverns.
The URB continues to operate the caverns as a show cave. They established the Shawnee Woodland Native American Museum, a Native American museum, on the site near Bellefontaine. Its displays include an exhibit about George Drouillard, a mixed-blood Shawnee guide who was the chief hunter and interpreter for the Lewis & Clark Expedition of 1804–1806. It explored the territory of the Louisiana Purchase and made it to the Pacific Ocean at the mouth of the Columbia River.
Also on the cavern's site is "Southwind Park", a camping and retreat area. It is also used to host URB events. A small permanent settlement has been erected at the site.
Inside.
Inside the cave are many rare formations, such as cave pearls, claws, cave pearl nests on ledges, colder temperatures, and odd growth periods.


Dartmouth

Dartmouth may refer to:


Malabungot

Malabungot, alternatively spelled as Malabungut, and also known as Mahad, is an island in Binagasbasan Bay off the coast of Garchitorena in Camarines Sur, Philippines. It is separated from Caramoan Peninsula in the south by the Quinalasag Passage, also known as Sisiran Passage, which connects Lamit and Sisiran bays. The island forms the head of Binagasbasan Bay, bordered to the west by the Lamit Islands and to the east by Quinalasag Island, and which opens northward to the Philippine Sea. It is designated as a protected landscape and seascape on account of its biodiversity and ecological significance.
Geography.
Malabungot is one of several small islands lying off the coast of Caramoan Peninsula shared between the municipalities of Garchitorena, Caramoan and Lagonoy in the Partido District of Camarines Sur. It belongs administratively to the Garchitorena barangay of Binagasbasan along with the Lamit Islands, and Pawican and Puling islets in Lamit Bay. The island is largely flat and measures long and wide at its widest point. It is situated on the edge of a shore reef in an irregular-shaped bay lying between Quinalasag and Lamit Islands, which are two small islands separated by a narrow impassable channel. It is approximately from the mainland of Garchitorena.
Conservation.
The island comprises of lowland evergreen forests and sandy beaches. It is part of a wilderness area established in 1981 comprising the Malabungot, Basot and Quinalang (Quinalasag) islands of Camarines Sur. The area is known for its diverse ecosystems such as vast mangrove forests, seagrass beds and hard coral reefs which serve as feeding and breeding ground for a variety of marine life, including green sea turtles, hawksbill sea turtles, whale sharks, manta rays and "dugongs". Several other fish species can be seen here including seahorses, giant clams, swordfish, snappers, groupers and skates.
The wilderness area is also surrounded by thick patches of mangroves that attract birds such as mangrove blue flycatchers, barred rails, zebra doves, kingfishers, Pacific swallows, yellow-vented bulbuls, and chestnut munias.
Despite its status as a marine protected area, these habitats are still threatened by human activities, including dynamite and cyanide fishing due to lack of political and financial support resulting to poor governance and enforcement.