Holocaust Memorial Synagogue (Moscow)

The Holocaust Memorial Synagogue (; ) is a synagogue located on Poklonnaya Hill in Moscow. It was built in 1998 to complement an Orthodox church and a mosque that are also part of the outdoor museum dedicated to Russia's victory in World War II.
History.
The building of the Temple of the Memory on Poklonnaya Gora, a flat hill in the West of Moscow, between the Setun River and another hill, was constructed and opened on September 1998 in Boris Yeltsin's presence. The construction of the Temple of Memory was financed by the Russian Jewish Congress - a non-profit charitable fund and the largest secular organisation of Russian Jews.
The Temple of memory architect was Moshe Zarhy (Zarhy Architects) from Israel. In the Holocaust Memorial Synagogue there is a hall with a balcony, the offices for the rabbi and a library. An exhibition about history of the Jewish people and the Holocaust was located in the building. The building is also used as a museum.
The interior of the building was designed by Frank Meisler, too. Meisler created wall sculptures showing Jerusalem, the Twelve Tribes of Israel and the Five Books of Moses.
Dedication and exhibitions.
The synagogue is the only one of its kind in the Russian Federation. The permanent exhibition in the building's premises shows everyday objects from Jewish life, some dating back to the time of the first Jews in Russia, and thus testifies to the Jewish contribution to the cultural and economic development of Russia. The tragic side of Jewish history is also part of the exhibition, which is not just about the Holocaust: in pre-revolutionary Russia, over 400 laws and ordinances were in force that restricted the rights of Jews, especially in the areas of work, settlement, culture, education and practice of religious traditions. A significant part of the exhibition is dedicated to the history of the Holocaust. On display are mainly objects and documents that testify to the Nazi occupation and the fate of the ghetto inhabitants and the death camps. In addition, the history of the Jewish partisans and the Jewish heroes of the Soviet Union is documented in the synagogue.
A separate section of the exhibition is dedicated to Russians, Ukrainians, and Belorussians who helped Jews in the occupied territories (and were subsequently honored as Righteous Among the Nations).
The Memorial Synagogue Museum offers excursions, lectures and film screenings about the lives of Jews in Russia and about the Holocaust. In addition to documenting Jewish history in Russia, the explicit goal is to promote tolerance and awareness of history. There is close cooperation in this area with the Russian Research and Education Center "Holocaust".


Todmorden War Memorial

Todmorden War Memorial is a war memorial located in Todmorden, West Yorkshire, England.
The memorial is in the garden of remembrance in Centre Vale Park with sculptural work by Gilbert Bayes. The War Memorial was unveiled on 9 October 1921.accompanied by a garden of flowers.
The monument.
The memorial comprises an ornamental fountain with basin in which stands a carved relief pillar depicting draped female figures with wreath and palm. The pillar is surmounted by a St George standing on an orb. The orb features four dragon head water spouts. The fountain is placed in front of a long wall with tablets bearing the names of the fallen. The fountain and wall are set within a formal garden in which also stood two freestanding statues of "The Lamp of Memory" and "The Shield of Honour". The original statues were stolen in 1996, however, in summer 2011 Todmorden Civic Society under the direction of Paul Clarke, a former Gunner, embarked on a campaign to raise funds and have the statues replaced in time for centenary of the commencement of the First World War. After over three years of fundraising and successfully applying for grants towards the project, the two replica statues, carved by Nick Roberson, member of The Master Carvers Association were unveiled at a Rededication Service held at the Garden of Remembrance after a Military Parade by the Todmorden branch of the British Legion on Sunday 12 October.
The project led to further works being carried out to the War Memorial with a grant from the Yorkshire Garden Trust and funding from Calderdale Council. The works included re-laying of paths, together with new stone edgings, indent repairs to the name tablets, re-pointing of the memorial wall, cleaning of the St George statue and repairs to the stone steps at the rear of the garden. Much of this work was carried out by Bullen Conservation and Nick Roberson.
Inscriptions.
The piece stands on a plinth in a horse-shoe shaped water basin with a tall wall behind bearing the dates “1914–18” and “1939–1945”. Between these two dates is set the main inscription, the text of which is given below and on either side and in six bays are tablets engraved with the names of the fallen. Apart from remembering the 659 men from Todmorden who died in World War I, the memorial also remembers the 150 men of Todmorden who died in World War II and two men killed in the Korean War. The names are arranged alphabetically, without distinction as to rank, under their respective regiments.
The sculptures were completed in 1921 and the main inscription reads:


Memorial at the Frankfurt Grossmarkthalle

The Memorial at the Frankfurt Grossmarkthalle (German: Erinnerungsstätte an der Frankfurter Großmarkthalle) commemorates the deportation of Jews from Frankfurt am Main in Nazi Germany during the Holocaust. From 1941 to 1945, the Gestapo used the cellar of the Grossmarkthalle as a gathering place for the deportation of Jews from the city and the Rhine-Main area. During ten mass deportations between October 1941 and September 1942 alone, about 10,050 people were deported from the Großmarkthalle railway station in freight trains to ghettos, concentration and extermination camps and subsequently murdered. As far as is known, only 179 deportees survived the Second World War.
Planning.
Starting in 2009, the City of Frankfurt am Main, in close cooperation with the European Central Bank (ECB) and the Jewish community of Frankfurt, planned a memorial at the Frankfurt Grossmarkthalle. This site was to commemorate the organized murder of the Jews as a result of the National Socialist extermination policy and inform the public about this atrocity. According to the invitation to tender, the spatial relation to the historical location of the event needed to be maintained and public space had to be included. 139 architects, landscape architects, urban planners, artists and students took part in an open international competition for the design of the memorial. In July 2009, a jury chaired by the Frankfurt architect, Nikolaus Hirsch, selected twenty designs from the first competition phase for an in-depth examination. The jury met again at the end of May 2010. After further revisions of the designs in small groups, Tobias Katz and Marcus Kaiser won the competition in 2011.
It took another four years before the memorial was opened. On 22 November 2015, the City of Frankfurt am Main handed over the memorial to the public. The Jewish Museum Frankfurt worked on a scholarly reappraisal of the history of the deportations, made accessible to the public in a new permanent exhibition starting in 2019.
Layout.
The memorial was designed by the architect office KatzKaiser from Cologne and Darmstadt. The concept relies on the unobtrusiveness of its elements: selected quotations from murdered Frankfurt citizens, from survivors of the Holocaust and from observers of mass deportations. It is based on the preserving the surviving fragments from the time of the deportations (cellar, ramp space, signal box, footbridge, tracks) in their found state and linking them with each other via new components, such as a concrete path. A ramp structure provides the connection to the basement of the Grossmarkthalle, which today lies on the extraterritorial site of the European Central Bank. In this location, the Jewish women, men and children were detained, mistreated and robbed of their last belongings, before being forcibly deported by trains of the Deutsche Reichsbahn.
The traditions of these events are permanently inscribed as quotations on the floor and walls, in the basement of the former Grossmarkthalle and in the outside areas of the European Central Bank. For visitors to the ECB and the adjacent, publicly accessible area to the east, the quotations not only topographically mark the site of the mass crime as "inscriptions" on paths and walls, but in their arrangement follow the chronological sequence of a deportation: from the invitation to arrive at the collection point, to the departure of the trains to the collection camps in the east. Between which there were often only two to three days of immeasurable suffering for the people affected. However, the literal evidence also addresses indirect events and emotions, such as suicides in the temporal context of the deportations, reactions of the urban population or the reflection of crime in Frankfurt.
Quotes from perpetrators were not included. Rather, the need and hopelessness of those who became victims of National Socialist racial ideology should be expressed in the authentic place of the crime. According to those responsible, statements by perpetrators in their raw bureaucratic language and mostly without any empathy would have once again mocked the suffering of more than 10,000 people today.
Finally, contemporary and more recent quotations were selected to depict the deportations from Frankfurt. Which also include the reflexive observation of survivors of events at and in the Grossmarkthalle. Some of these quotations have been handed down in English; they refer to the exile or later emigration of survivors from post-war Germany.
History.
From 1941 the Secret State Police rented the eastern cellar area of the Grossmarkthalle as a meeting place for the mass deportations. The choice fell on this place because of its close proximity to the city centre and its convenient location on the harbour railway. The cellar offered shelter from curious glances at what was going on and provided makeshift space for hundreds of people to be deported. From there they were driven to the Grossmarkthalle railway station next to the hall, where the trains of the Deutsche Reichsbahn were ready for the transports. In addition, daily market operations continued unabated, although the brutal events did not remain hidden from the employees there.
The stories of most people deported from Frankfurt can be researched via the database of the Neuer Börneplatz Memorial. It is available to the public in the Museum Judengasse. In total, the data of 12,820 murdered Jews from Frankfurt are known, of which 10,231 were deported by rail.
Location.
The memorial site has a publicly accessible area along today's railway embankment on the Philipp-Holzmann-Weg between Sonnemannstraße and Mainufer. The part of the memorial on the premises of the European Central Bank is only accessible on guided tours. These are organized by the Jewish Museum of the City of Frankfurt am Main, which is responsible for the entire pedagogical supervision of the memorial.


Theodore Roosevelt Bridge

The Theodore Roosevelt Bridge (also known as the Teddy Roosevelt Bridge or the Roosevelt Bridge) is a bridge crossing the Potomac River which connects Washington, D.C., with the Commonwealth of Virginia. The bridge crosses over Theodore Roosevelt Island, and carries Interstate 66/U.S. Route 50. The center lane in the bridge is reversible; the middle barrier is moved with a barrier transfer machine. It’s operated eastbound during the morning rush hour from 6-11 am. The bridge is named in honor of Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th President of the United States.
History.
Plans for a new bridge across the Potomac River began circulating in the early 1950s. A bridge was first proposed (across Theodore Roosevelt Island, as it happened) in 1952, although at that time the bridge was to have linked with the E Street Expressway. The Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Association (later renamed the Theodore Roosevelt Association, or TRA), which owned the island vigorously opposed any bridge across its land. In July 1954, various government agencies and members of Congress came together to propose a bridge connecting to Constitution Avenue NW (although debate continued and numerous unsuccessful proposals were made to move the bridge to other locations over the next four years). Less clear was where the bridge would land on the Virginia side of the river. Five locations for the crossing were considered. In order of preference, they were: 1) South of Little Island, 2) Over the northern end of Theodore Roosevelt Island, 3) Over Little Island, 4) Over the center of Theodore Roosevelt Island, and 5) Over the southern end of Theodore Roosevelt Island.
TRA president Frank Ross McCoy, a vocal opponent of the bridge, died in 1954, weakening the TRA's bargaining position. In July 1955, the association agreed to allow the federal government to use the southern end of Theodore Roosevelt Island. The United States Commission of Fine Arts approved a steel bridge design in December 1955.
President Dwight Eisenhower signed legislation authorizing the bridge on June 4, 1958. This legislation designated the bridge for the first time as the "Theodore Roosevelt Bridge". Construction of the bridge began in 1960, and it opened on June 23, 1964.
Theodore Roosevelt Bridge underwent minor rehabilitation work overseen by the District of Columbia Department of Transportation (DDOT) in 2013. After this work, DDOT inspected the bridge in 2014 and discovered additional need for repair. Due to heavy funding needs to replace or repair other bridges in the city, DDOT pushed the date for these repairs to 2021.


Esteban Dreer

Esteban Javier Dreer Gianneschi (born November 11, 1981 in Godoy Cruz) is an Argentine-born Ecuadorian footballer who plays for L.D.U. Portoviejo of the Ecuadorian Serie A.
In May 2011, Dreer set an Ecuadorian Serie A record for most consecutive games played by a goalkeeper. Since 29 November 2009, Dreer has consecutively played 5,700 minutes in 63 matches.
International career.
Argentine-born Dreer has played football in Ecuador spanning back to 2009 with Deportivo Cuenca. He became an Ecuadorian citizen and was eligible for the Ecuador national football team. He made the cut for the final 23 squad for 2015 Copa América.
Dreer made his debut on November 17, 2015 in a 2018 FIFA World Cup Qualifier against Venezuela.


John F. Kennedy High School (Montreal)

John F. Kennedy High School () is a public high school located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The school is operated by the English Montreal School Board. The current principal is Otis L. Delaney.
Until 1998, it was operated by the Montreal Catholic School Commission.
Academics.
The academics are followed by the laws of the Ministry of Education, Recreation and Sports. A student who fails math, English, or French must go to summer school. A students who fails all must repeat the school year. The mid-term exams take place in January, and the final exams take place in June. They are three types of courses enriched, regular, and special ed (the last only for secondary one and two). Enriched is for those who get above 75% the first half of the school year, and they learn academic in their level and the second half of the next level. Regular is for students who learn academics in their own level throughout their whole school year. Special ed is for those with learning disabilities and those who get lower than a 65% average. For students to graduate, they need 54 credits. Students can work hard and get credits in secondary three, four and five.
Exams.
Exams are a part of academics. The mid-term and final exams each count for 30% of the grade and come from the English Montreal School Board except for secondary five exams, which comes from the Quebec government. In the new school year of 2011, a new report card got rid of term four in high school; the first and second terms each count for 20%, and the third counts as 60% at the end of the school year. The teacher calculates all the marks and see if children passed. The term exams are to see if the teacher taught well and everything necessary and if students know what they learned.
Athletics.
John F. Kennedy High School has soccer and basketball teams in the bantam (secondary 1-2), midget (secondary 2-3), and juvenile (secondary 4-5) divisions of the GMAA (Greater Montreal Area Athletics), for boys and girls except for bantam girl teams. Their teams regularly compete with other schools in the Greater Montreal Athletics Association(GMAA). The teams are the JFK Knights. The school also has a juvenile boys (secondary 4-5) badminton team and, since the beginning of the 2013–2014 academic school year, an ice hockey training camp. Every Tuesday, players in the training camp have an early dismissal at 2:30 to leave to go to the local public arena for practice ay Saint Michel Arena. Practice starts at 3:00 and ends at 4:30. The hockey camp is a division of the Ahunstic Braves. The training season ends in may. The camp is not part of the GMAA. The school also participates every year in April in the GMAA halo race on top of Mount Royal. For the whole month of April, participants need 16 kilometers of training.
Asbestos.
On May 9, 2012, principal Joseph Marra discovered suspected asbestos fibres in the two ventilation rooms in the school's basement. The next day, the fibres were tested, and the results were negative, but Marra closed the school for a week. Students were relocated to Rosemount High School until the cleanup had been completed. In July 2012, more fibres were found, and this time, test results were positive. Students and staff returned to the John F. Kennedy facility on May 25, 2013, after a year since the discovery of the asbestos fibres. They made the municipal news and media. The cost of the clean up is 2.8 million dollars, which sparked a lot of controversy at the school board. Originally, the cost was supposed to be 1.1 million dollars.


Australian ten-dollar note

The Australian ten-dollar note was issued when the currency was changed from the Australian pound to the Australian dollar on 14 February 1966; it replaced the £5 note which included the same blue colouration. There have been four different issues of this denomination, a paper banknote, a commemorative hipolymer note to celebrate the bicentennial of Australian settlement (the first polymer banknote of its kind), the 1993-2017 polymer note, and from September 2017 a polymer note featuring a transparent window.
According to Reserve Bank of Australia statistics, as at June 2017 there were 128 million $10 notes in circulation, with a net value of $1.280 billion. This was 2% of the cash value of all banknotes in circulation, and 8% of the number of all banknotes in circulation.
Since the start of issue of $10 notes, there have been eleven signature combinations, of which the 1967 issue is the most valued. It was issued for one year only, along with the Coombs/Wilson issue of 1966.
Following the issue of a new $5 note in September 2016, the RBA revealed the design for the $10 note and was issued on the 20th of September, 2017.
Printing.
From 1966 to 1974 the main title identifying the country was "Commonwealth of Australia"; there were 470,000,000 notes issued in this period. This was subsequently changed to "Australia" until the end of issue of paper currency for this denomination in 1993, with 1,265,959,091 of these notes being printed. In the 1988 polymer issue 17,500,000 banknotes were printed and was the new Australia's 10 dollar note.
Design.
Paper note.
The people depicted on the paper note issue were Francis Greenway on the obverse along with public buildings he helped construct, and Henry Lawson on the reverse with his poetry and scenes of the outback gold mining town of Gulgong in the 19th century including the Times Bakery.
Polymer note.
The polymer note, designed by Max Robinson, features Andrew Barton (Banjo) Paterson on the obverse with a horse from the Snowy Mountains region, and a wattle plant, also included is his signature. His poetry is in the background. Dame Mary Gilmore is on the reverse with 19th-century heavy transport with horse and cart and verses from her poetry. Her signature is included. A windmill is in the clear window with the raised wavy lines. The $10 note of 2017 retains the themes of the original, with this issue featuring the Bramble Wattle ("Acacia victoriae") and the Sulphur-crested Cockatoo ("Cacatua galerita").
1988 Commemorative note.
Obverse design included the sailing ship HMS "Supply" anchored at Sydney Cove with the early colony in the background. Above are people who symbolise all who have contributed to Australia, from left the early settlers to right the modern working man.
Reverse reflects the Australian Aboriginal culture and peoples. The main picture is an Aboriginal youth with ceremonial paint, and in the background is a Morning Star Pole, other Aboriginal artworks commissioned by the Bank and a human like figure from Dreamtime mythology.
Security features.
The paper design included a watermark in the white field of Captain James Cook, the watermark was also used in the last issue of pound banknotes. A metallic strip, first near the centre of the note, then from 1976 moved to the left side on the obverse of the note.
Polymer issue includes a shadow image of the coat of arms which is printed over. Embossing or a raised image in the clear window of wavy lines. Also for this issue fluorescent colouring was added to the serial numbers. A star with four points on the obverse and three on the reverse which join under light.
Raised print and micro printing of the poem "The Man from Snowy River" and the denomination value are included.
"1988 Commemorative"
This issue includes an optically variable device of Captain James Cook, who first mapped Botany Bay.


Dixon, Illinois

Dixon is a city and the county seat of Lee County, Illinois, United States. The population was 15,733 as of the 2010 census, down from 15,941 in 2000. The city is named after founder John Dixon, who operated a rope ferry service across Rock River, which runs through the city. The Illinois General Assembly designated Dixon as "Petunia Capital of Illinois" in 1999 and "The Catfish Capital of Illinois" in 2009.
Dixon was the boyhood home of former U.S. President Ronald Reagan. The city is also the site of the Lincoln Monument State Memorial, marking the spot where Abraham Lincoln joined the Illinois militia at Fort Dixon in 1832 during the Black Hawk War. The memorial is located on the west side of Dixon's main north-south street, Galena Avenue, (U.S. Route 52, also Illinois Route 26), north of the Rock River.
History.
Around 1828, Joseph Ogee, a man of mixed French and Native American descent, established a ferry and a cabin along the banks of the Rock River. In 1829, an employee of Ogee was named postmaster at the newly constructed post office. John Dixon, the eponymous founder, bought Ogee's Ferry in the spring of 1830 and brought his family to his newly purchased establishment on April 11 of that year. Shortly after, the name of the post office was changed to Dixon's Ferry.
On May 4, 1873, the Truesdell Bridge collapsed resulting in the deaths of 45 people. A large number of people were on the bridge in order to watch a baptism ceremony in the river below.
Running by Interstate 88 is a road named Bloody Gulch Road. The road is named after a murder and body disposal. On September 12, 1885, two young men walked along a county road south of Dixon, one a farm hand named Joseph M. Mosse and the other, Frank C. Thiel, a traveling salesman from Elgin, IL. The unemployed farmhand told the salesman of a place he could sell his Bibles and proceeded to take him to a farm where he had worked. As the two men passed a gulch the farmhand struck and killed the salesman with a knife and a walnut baluster he was seen carrying under his arm. He then buried the body in the culvert. The body was later discovered when cattle refused to use the underpass en route to a milking barn. An overnight rain had washed away some of the dirt exposing a limb. When the sheriff arrived to question the farm hand, since he was seen leaving Dixon with the deceased, he pretended to get a drink while throwing a watch chain taken from the salesman in the bushes. The evidence was found and the farmhand was eventually put in jail for life, while the road over the underpass began to be called Bloody Gulch Road.
In April 2012, Dixon Municipal Comptroller Rita Crundwell was indicted by a Federal Grand Jury for embezzlement. She used the embezzled funds to pay for her lavish lifestyle and what became one of the nation's best-known quarter horse-breeding programs, among other things. Crundwell's crimes, thought to be the most substantial municipal theft in U.S. history, impacted Dixon's finances severely. Federal prosecutors estimated the amount embezzled at $53 million since 1990. The city sued the auditors who had failed to detect the embezzlement and the bank at which Crundwell maintained a secret account, and received $40 million in settlements. In February 2013, Crundwell was sentenced to almost 20 years in prison.
On May 16, 2018, Matthew Milby, a 19-year-old student, entered Dixon High School and fired shots during graduation practice. He was pursued by School Resource Officer Mark Dallas, of the Dixon Police Department. After firing shots at the officer, the shooter was wounded by Dallas as he returned fire. He was then taken into custody. There were no additional injuries.
Ronald Reagan.
Dixon was the boyhood home of the 40th President of the United States, Ronald Reagan. Reagan was born in nearby Tampico and moved to Dixon, aged nine. In his teen years, he lifeguarded along the banks of the Rock River. His family house is preserved at 816 South Hennepin Avenue, and authorized by Congress to become the Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home. In 1984, during his first term as president, Reagan returned to Dixon to celebrate his 73rd birthday. He toured his boyhood residence and the city held a parade in his honor.
Geography.
According to the 2010 census, Dixon has a total area of , of which (or 94.51%) is land and (or 5.49%) is water.
Climate.
Dixon has a hot summer humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfa) with four seasons. The winters are generally cold and see frequent snowfall, while the summers are warm and humid. Typically Dixon ranges from a low of 10°F (-12°C) to a high of 82°F (28°C). A low of -32°F (-35°C) was recorded during the January–February 2019 North American cold wave, and a record high of 110°F (43°C) was recorded during the 1936 North American heat wave. Average monthly precipitation ranges from in February to in June.
Demographics.
As of the census of 2000, 15,941 people, 5,681 households, and 3,488 families resided in the city. The population density was 2,519.8 people per square mile (972.3/km2). The city consisted of 6,138 housing units at an average density of 970.3 per square mile (374.4/km2). The city's racial makeup included 86.33% White, 10.48% African American, 0.14% Native American, 0.82% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 1.10% from other races, and 1.09% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race comprised 4.30% of the population.
There were 5,681 households, out of which 29.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.7% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.6% were non-families. 32.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.94.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.9% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 34.6% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.6 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $35,720, and the median income for a family was $45,088. Males had a median income of $32,511 versus $21,777 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,630. About 5.7% of families and 10.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.7% of those under age 18 and 12.0% of those age 65 or over.
Economy.
Dixon is a regional employment hub and is part of two fast growing distribution and warehousing and food processing districts: one is I-88 West and the other, the I-39 Logistics Corridor. The biggest industries are healthcare and government. Healthcare employs over 1,700, while government jobs approach 1,500. The Dixon Correctional Center employs over 600 workers, as does the Department of Transportation. KSB Hospital has nearly 1,000 employees. Dixon has many industries employing thousands of the region's residents. The largest are Raynor Garage Doors, Donaldson Inc., Borg Warner, and Spectrum Brands. Fifteen miles away in Ashton, Crest Foods employs over 600.
Arts and culture.
 The city of Dixon has numerous art venues including: a downtown art gallery, 2 galleries held in museums, and several private business galleries. Dixon also has a performing arts theatre called Dixon Stage Left, and a musician and visual arts co-op called Rosbrook Studio. The city has numerous festivals throughout the year including: Gardenstock Arts & Music Fest, Venitian Night on the Riverfront, a downtown wine festival, Blues-Brews-and BBQ, Reagan Trail Days, and the fall Scarecrow Festival.
Every summer Dixon holds the annual Petunia Festival featuring a parade, carnival (Farrow shows), country concert, fireworks show, and a 5K race—the Reagan Run. The parade features a multitude of floats from surrounding businesses, politicians, and other area groups. A carnival is also held in Dixon during this time, and the festival ends with the Fourth of July fireworks. The Downtown district has become a National Historic District. The Rock River which runs through the center of Dixon has been designated a National Waterway by the Federal Government. Dixon residents have supported a variety of large-scale projects that have created several aspects to their rural community. One aspect of this small town is that an individual can kayak the Rock River to the city's downtown docks and join a public Yoga session on the riverfront.
The Petunia Festival was conceived after Dutch Elm Disease and highway expansion wiped out the trees along the major roads in the late 1950s. In response to the dramatic change the streetscape underwent, the Dixon Men's Garden Club planted petunias along Galena Avenue to regain some sort of streetscape identity once again in the early 1960s. Before this annual festival, volunteers plant thousands of pink petunias along the main streets. The flowers are watered and maintained by the combined efforts of city workers and volunteers.
An iconic arch along Galena Avenue, just south of the Rock River, features the word "Dixon" in neon glasswork. Though commonly referred to as the Dixon Arch, the proper name for the structure is the War Memorial Arch. The Northwest Territory Historic Center is a History Research and Learning Center housed in President Ronald Reagan's boyhood South Central School. Restored with the dedicated support of the townspeople and Reagan colleagues, the Center is proudly affiliated with the Smithsonian Institution.
The Center houses the Veterans History Project Regional Center, auditorium, research library, historical exhibits, art gallery, surround-sound theater, and museum store.
Parks and recreation.
The Dixon Park District owns more than of land including two historic parks platted in 1842. The parks range from Lowell Park's which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places; rural Meadows Park which encompasses of recreational opportunities with natural areas and farm land; to neighborhood parks located throughout the city. Lee County, of which Dixon is the County Seat, offers many recreational areas and campgrounds; over 7,000 campsites are located within 17 miles of the city. Tourists from nearby Chicago take advantage of Lee County's recreational opportunities, particularly during summer weekends, adding approximately 20,000 people to the area's population.
Infrastructure.
Health care.
Dixon is a regional center for healthcare. The community has KSB Hospital which is a medical student teaching facility, 4 adult clinics, a children's clinic, 2 dialysis centers, 2 urgent care clinics, and is home to Sinnissippi Mental Health Center and the Northern Illinois Cancer Center. There is also a hospital, an infirmary, and a clinic for the mentally ill at the Dixon Correctional Center. The Mabley State Mental Health complex is also located in Dixon.
Airport.
Dixon is served by the Dixon Municipal, Charles R Walgreen Field Airport, a general aviation only airport.
Sister cities.
Dixon has four sister cities.


6th Army (Wehrmacht)

The 6th Army was a field army unit of the German Wehrmacht during World War II (1939–1945). It became widely remembered for its destruction by the Red Army at the Battle of Stalingrad in the winter of 1942–1943. It also acquired a reputation for the war crimes (such as the massacre of more than 30,000 Jews at Babi Yar in September 1941) that it committed under the command of Field Marshal Walther von Reichenau during Operation Barbarossa.
Western campaigns.
Originally numbered as the 10th Army, this Army formed on 10 October 1939 with General Walther von Reichenau in command. Its primary mission was to guard the western defenses of Germany against British and French attacks during the Polish campaign. During the invasion of the Low Countries the 6th Army saw active service linking up with paratroopers and destroying fortifications at Eben Emael, Liège, and Namur during the Battle of Belgium. The 6th Army was then involved in the breakthrough of the Paris defences on 12 June 1940, before acting as a northern flank for German forces along the Normandy coast during the closing stages of the Battle of France.
War against the Soviet Union.
The 6th Army took part in Operation Barbarossa as the spearhead of Army Group South. Reichenau died in an aircraft accident while being transported to a hospital after a heart attack in January 1942. He was succeeded by his former chief of staff, General Friedrich Paulus. Paulus led the 6th Army to a major victory at the Second Battle of Kharkov during the spring of 1942.
Battle of Stalingrad.
On 28 June 1942, Army Group South began Operation Blau, the German Army's summer offensive into southern Russia. The goals of the operation were to secure both the oil fields at Baku, Azerbaijan, and the city of Stalingrad on the river Volga to protect the forces advancing into the Caucasus. After two months, the 6th Army reached the outskirts of Stalingrad on 23 August. On the same day, over 1,000 aircraft of the Luftflotte 4 bombed the city, killing many civilians.
Stalingrad was defended by the 62nd Army (Soviet Union) under the command of General Vasily Chuikov. Despite German air superiority over Stalingrad, and with more artillery pieces than the Red Army, progress was reduced to no more than several meters a day. Eventually, by mid November, the 62nd Army had been pushed to the banks of the Volga, but the 6th Army was unable to eliminate the remaining Soviet troops.
On 19 November the Stavka launched Operation Uranus, a major offensive by Soviet forces on the flanks of the German army. The first pincer attacked far to the west of the Don, with the second thrust beginning a day later attacking far to the south of Stalingrad. The 6th Army's flanks were protected by Romanian troops, who were quickly routed, and on 23 November, the pincers met at Kalach-na-Donu, thereby encircling the 6th Army. A relief attempt was launched on 12 December, codenamed Operation Winter Storm, but this failed. The army surrendered between 31 January and 2 February 1943. German casualties are 147,200 killed and wounded and over 91,000 captured, the latter including Field Marshal Paulus, 24 generals and 2,500 officers of lesser rank. Only 5,000 would return to Germany after the war.
Reformation.
The army was reformed by renaming "Armee-Abteilung Hollidt" on 5 March 1943 under the command of General Karl-Adolf Hollidt. It later fought in Ukraine and Romania as part of Army Group South until transferred to Army Group A (later renamed to Army Group South Ukraine). In May 1944, the 6th Army became part of Army Group Dumitrescu, commanded by the Romanian general Petre Dumitrescu. The Army Group also included the Romanian 3rd Army. This instance marked the first time in the war when German commanders came under the actual (instead of nominal) command of their foreign allies. This came one month after Dumitrescu became the 5th non-German recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (4 April 1944). The 6th army was encircled and almost entirely destroyed during the Second Jassy–Kishinev Offensive carried out by the Soviets.
In October 1944, under the command of General Maximilian Fretter-Pico, the 6th Army encircled and destroyed three Soviet corps of Mobile Group Pliyev under the command of Issa Pliyev in the Battle of Debrecen. During this time, the 6th Army had the Hungarian Second Army placed under its command, and it was known as "Army Group Fretter-Pico" ("Armeegruppe "Fretter-Pico").
Command passed to General Hermann Balck in 23 December 1944. In December 1944, one of the 6th Army's subordinate units, the IX SS Mountain Corps, was encircled in Budapest. IV SS Panzer Corps was transferred to the 6th Army's command and a series of relief attempts, codenamed Operation Konrad, was launched during the 46-day-long Siege of Budapest.
After the failure of Konrad III, the 6th Army was made part of "Army Group Balck" ("Armeegruppe Balck"). This army group fell back to the area near Lake Balaton. Several units, including the III Panzer Corps, took part in Operation Spring Awakening, while the rest of the Sixth Army provided defence for the left flank of the offensive, in the region west of Székesfehérvár. After the failure of the offensive, the army held the line until the Soviet Vienna Offensive on 16 March 1945. This offensive tore a gap in the 6th Army between the IV SS Panzer Corps and the 3rd Hungarian Army (subordinated to Balck's command), shattering the formation. By the end of March 1945, the 6th Army was retreating towards Vienna. It surrendered to the U.S. Army on 9 May 1945.
War crimes.
Bila Tserkva massacre.
Soon after the beginning of Operation Barbarossa, the Sixth Army's surgeon, the staff doctor Gerhart Panning, learned about captured Russian dumdum bullets by using Jewish POWs. To determine the effects of this type of ammunition on German soldiers, he decided to test them on other human beings after asking SD member and "SS-Standartenführer" Paul Blobel for some "guinea pigs" (Jewish POWs).
In July 1941 while conducting operations in Right-bank Ukraine, the Sixth Army bloodlessly captured the Ukrainian village of Bila Tserkva. Immediately after the village's capitulation, Sixth Army police units separated the Jewish population of the city into a ghetto and required that they wear the Star of David as identification. Two weeks after the occupation, members of "Einsatzgruppen" marched the Jews out of the village, 800 men and women in all, to be shot. The Sixth Army provided logistical support for this massacre, providing drivers, guards, weapons and ammunition. Afterwards ninety children aged twelve and under were left, their parents having been killed the night before. A staff officer with the division that made the village their headquarters wrote of their conditions:
Sixth army headquarters was faced with a decision on what to do with the children left behind now that their parents had been murdered. The division commander passed the decision up to Walter von Reichenau, then commander of the Sixth Army, who personally authorized the massacre. All the children were murdered by Sixth Army regulars.
Severity Order.
The army's commander, Walther von Reichenau, a committed, fanatical Nazi, had this to say about the expected conduct of soldiers under his command. The order said, in part
— Conduct of Troops in Eastern Territories
Immediately after this order was issued, Sixth Army records show a dramatic increase in shootings, rapes and massacres committed by Sixth Army constituent units. The BBC upon examining the now released records of the Sixth Army, stated that there were "so many executions, and so many victims that it was impossible to keep them a secret."
The Sixth Army confiscated large quantities of food to be used by its troops, creating acute food shortages in the Ukraine. By January 1942 around one-third of the Kharkov's 300,000 remaining inhabitants suffered from starvation. Many would die in the cold winter months. Civilians survived the famine by making stews out of boiled leather and sawdust, and making omelets out of coagulated blood. Survivors bitterly remembered these "meals" for the rest of their lives.
Commanders.
Commanding officers
Chief of staff


Patrice Neveu

Patrice Neveu (born 29 March 1954) is a French football coach and former player. who manages the national team of Gabon.
Career.
Playing career.
Neveu enjoyed a short playing career in France with Angoulême CFC and ES La Rochelle.
Coaching career.
After retiring as a player, Neveu has managed both club and national sides. He began his career in France with club sides Vendée Fontenay Foot and Angoulême CFC, before becoming manager of the Niger national side in 1999. He then returned to club football with Medenine in 1999. In December 2001, Neveu came to Chinese club Dalian Shide and served as coach of its youth academy where he was mainly in charge of a youth team made up of foreign teenage players signed from Cameroon, a project which later proved a failure. In December 2002, Neveu was appointed manager of Dalian Sidelong, which was then Dalian Shide's reserve team and was competing in the second-tier league. Soon later in January 2003, Dalian Sidelong was sold out, moved to the city of Zhuhai and renamed Zhuhai Anping, in an effort to remove its affiliation with Dalian Shide, as is required by the Chinese Football Association. Neveu nevertheless maintained his managerial position at the new club, and went on to lead the team to finish the season in 8th position, before he left the club at the end of the year. In 2004, Neveu returned to international level with the Guinea national side, that he managed from 2004 to 2006. He then managed Ismaily in Egypt from February to August 2007. He became manager of the DR Congo national side in April 2008. Neveu rejected calls in October 2008 from player Shabani Nonda for him to resign following some poor performances by the national side.
In October 2008, Neveu was named among a five-man shortlist for the vacant job as the manager of the Rwandan national side.
On 9 August 2014, Naveu left his position of manager of Mauritanian national side.
He became the coach of the Haiti national football team in December 2015, leaving the role in December 2016.
In December 2017 he was linked with the vacant Benin national team manager's job.
In April 2018 he was one of 77 applicants for the vacant Cameroon national team job.
In September 2018, he temporarily became the manager of Laos, before being replaced by Singaporean coach V. Sundramoorthy. In November 2018 he became manager of Horoya AC. He was replaced with Didier Gomes on 20 March 2019. On 24 March 2019, he was then appointed as manager of Gabon's national team.


Singing Mother

Singing Mother is the monument to the Singing Mother of the Seto People; it is a memorial in Obinitsa in Estonia. It was erected in memory of the singing mothers of Setomaa, in particular, to Hilana Taarka, Miko Ode and Irö Matrina.
The memorial for Seto Lauluimä (singing mother) was opened during the fourth Setu Leelopäevad (singsong festival) in 1986. The creator of the monument is sculptor Elmar Rebane. The monument is made of granite and stands 3 metres tall and weighs 9 tons.
On 3 June 1995, after the opening-blessing procession across Obinitsa Lake, other memorial stones were placed for other local singers. These include the following:


Leeds War Memorial

Leeds War Memorial stands on Victoria Square on the Headrow, to the east of Town Hall and to the south of Leeds City Art Gallery in Leeds, England. It was erected as a memorial to those who had fallen in the First World War. The memorial was designed by Henry Charles Fehr (1867–1940) and unveiled on 14 October 1922 by Viscount Lascelles.
History.
Following the First World War the Royal Academy invited sculptors to submit models for war memorials. Fehr submitted a design less conventional than the more traditional cenotaph memorials. The design was successful and adopted most notably by Leeds but also by Eastbourne, Lisburn and Lockerbie. The memorial was initially erected in City Square before being relocated to Victoria Square off the Headrow.
Relocation.
Until the 1930s the site now occupied by Victoria Square was occupied by buildings. From the late ninetheeth century the Leeds Corporation had sought to widen Park Lane to create the boulevard now knows as The Headrow. These scheme had begun with the demolition and relocation of Leeds Cathedral prior to the First World War. In 1936 it was decided as part of this scheme to create a garden or rest in front of the municipal buildings on the Headrow of the cental library and art gallery. Previously this site had been occupied by Wharton's Hotel and the offices of the Leeds Permanent Building Society (which subsequently moved adjacent to the buildings now occupied by The Light). In January 1937 it was decided to relocate the memorial into the new garden of rest to accommodate new traffic arrangements on City Square. The garden of rest was officially opened by Lord Mayor of Leeds, Tom Coombs, following which the war memorial was re-dedicated.
Removal during the Second World War.
A crack was found in the obelisk in 1940, following which the decision was taken to remove the memorial for repairs and it was duly taken down in 1940. Owing to concerns about potential bomb damage during the Leeds Blitz the memorial remained in storage until being replaced in 1946.
Deterioration, removal again and refurbishment.
Further damage was sustained from wind resulting in the angel of victory statue being removed again in 1965. In 1967 the memorial was capped with marble. The winged victory statue was then relocated to Cottingley Crematorium where it continued to deteriorate to a point beyond repair by which time it was removed in November 1988. The head of the statue is all which presently survives and is part of the Leeds Sculpture Collection. The memorial remained without a crowning statue until in 1990 it was decided a replacement should be commissioned. Rather than a replica a more conciliatory design was favoured in the form of the statue of the Angel of Peace. This was designed by sculptor Ian Judd and was dedicated at a Remembrance Day ceremony on 10 November 1991.
Description.
The memorial is of a marble 'pyramid' obelisk topped with a bronze angel of peace holding roses. The angel was added in 1992 as a replacement for Fehr's original angel of victory with sword and wreath which was damaged during a storm. This was similar to the angels currently atop of war memorials in Colchester and Eastbourne. The obelisk is flanked by 'Peace releasing a dove' on the north side and 'Saint George and the Dragon' on the south. The corners of the obelisk are adorned with owls; being the heraldic symbol of the City of Leeds.
Inscriptions.
The memorial is inscribed on all sides
Today.
Today the memorial is the centre of Leeds' remembrance day obligations. Adjacent to the memorial are mountings for three flag poles which are brought in for the ceremony.
Notes and references.
Notes
Citations


Pilgrim Fathers Memorial

The Pilgrim Fathers Memorial is located on the north bank of The Haven at the site of the former Scotia Creek, Fishtoft, seaward of Boston in Lincolnshire, England, and consists of a small granite obelisk mounted on a granite block. It commemorates the attempt at finding religious freedom in September, 1607 by the Scrooby Congregation, a group of English Separatist Protestants who left for Holland. They were precursors of the Pilgrims who later crossed the Atlantic to New England.
Connection to the Pilgrim Fathers.
The men from Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, chartered a Dutch vessel to transport them to the Netherlands in 1607, but the attempt was thwarted when the captain betrayed them to the local authorities. They were arrested and taken by boat to attend a hearing by the magistrates in the Boston Guildhall, and they were imprisoned in the cells there for about a month.
In 1608, after their release, they made a second, this time successful, attempt from the Humber first arriving in Amsterdam. The Scrooby congregation moved to Leiden in 1609, before setting sail in 1620 for the New World via Southampton and Plymouth.
The memorial.
The memorial was erected by the former Boston Borough Council in 1957, on the 350th anniversary of the event. The work was carried out by Leake's Masonry. The ceremony was attended by several members of the General Society of Mayflower Descendants, who made a donation towards the cost of the monument. Its design is a tapering shaft rising from a base-block, intended to symbolise the urge which drove a small band of men and women to leave their country and kinsfolk for conscience's sake. The material used typifies by its strength the power and stability of their faith.
The inscription on the front of the memorial used to read:
It has since been updated to the following:


Scottish American Soldiers Monument


Gustavo Quinteros

Gustavo Domingo Quinteros Desabato (born February 15, 1965 in Santa Fe, Argentina) is an Argentine-Bolivian football defender and a football manager.
Playing career.
Club.
His clubs as a player include The Strongest and San José in Bolivia. He also played for San Lorenzo de Almagro, Argentinos Juniors and Talleres de Remedios de Escalada in his native Argentina.
International.
The defender played 26 international matches and scored once for the Bolivia national team, including two appearances in the 1994 FIFA World Cup. His only goal came in a friendly match against Honduras on January 29, 1993, when he opened the score in the 3–1 in the Estadio Felix Capriles, Cochabamba.
Managerial career.
After retiring as a player, Quinteros became a manager at San Lorenzo's youth academy. In 2003, he had a brief spell as first team manager. In 2005, he returned to Bolivia to manage Blooming, team which he took to a national title and his first Aerosur Cup that year. Due to his notorious success, he was offered to manage San Martín de San Juan in the Argentine 2nd division, which he agreed upon. In 2007, he returned to Blooming, the institution where he built up his coaching reputation and became an idol. The following year he won the Aerosur Cup for the second time in his managerial career and guided the team back to the championship finals; however, they lost to Aurora on penalty kicks (3–4) after a draw during regulation time in a decisive third match played at Sucre's Estadio Patria. By January 2009 when his contract expired he decided to move on, and took over La Paz club Bolívar, where he won the Aerosur Cup and the Apertura title. Due to some disparities with the president, Quinteros left the club at the end of the year. By January 2010 he was in charge of Oriente Petrolero. During his stint at Oriente his success continued taking the team to an Aerosur Cup and the Clausura 2010 title. On November 5, 2010 Quinteros was named the new manager of the Bolivia national team. On July 3, 2012 he presented his letter of resignation and called a press conference to announce his imminent departure from the national team. On July 9, Quinteros was formally introduced as the new manager for Ecuadorian club Emelec.
After a stint in the Middle East, and a lackluster season in Tijuana, he became manager of Colo Colo.


Fort Vancouver Centennial half dollar

The Fort Vancouver Centennial half dollar, sometimes called the Fort Vancouver half dollar, is a commemorative fifty-cent piece struck by the United States Bureau of the Mint in 1925. The coin was designed by Laura Gardin Fraser. Its obverse depicts John McLoughlin, who was in charge of Fort Vancouver (present-day Vancouver, Washington) from its construction in 1825 until 1846. From there, he effectively ruled the Oregon Country on behalf of the Hudson's Bay Company. The reverse shows an armed frontiersman standing in front of the fort.
Washington Representative Albert Johnson wanted a coin for Fort Vancouver's centennial celebrations, but was persuaded to accept a medal instead. But when another congressman was successful in amending a coinage bill to add a commemorative, Johnson tacked on language authorizing a coin for Fort Vancouver. The Senate agreed to the changes, and President Calvin Coolidge signed the authorizing act on February 24, 1925.
Fraser was engaged to design the coin on the recommendation of the United States Commission of Fine Arts. The coins were flown from the San Francisco Mint, where they were struck, to Washington state by airplane as a publicity stunt. They sold badly; much of the issue was returned for redemption and melting, and the failure may have been a factor in one official's suicide. Due to the low number of surviving pieces, the coins are valuable today.
Background.
Fort Vancouver, on the north bank of the Columbia River in what is today Vancouver, Washington, lay across the river from what would become Portland, Oregon. It was founded in 1825 by the Hudson's Bay Company chief factor for the area, Dr. John McLoughlin. The company sought furs and other trade goods, and was in competition with John Jacob Astor's Pacific Fur Company, which had an outpost at what is now Astoria, Oregon. Fort Vancouver was named for the British sea captain George Vancouver, who also gave his name to Vancouver in Canada.
Until the Oregon Treaty of 1846 settled the disputed claims of the United States and Britain, McLoughlin was what government there was in the Oregon Country. McLoughlin's word was obeyed by white man and Native American alike, and there were no significant wars there in that time. Fort Vancouver became the trading center for a large area, and the largest settlement west of the Great Plains. With the coming of American rule in 1846, McLoughlin resigned from the Hudson's Bay Company, going to Iive at Oregon City, which he had founded, and became its mayor in 1851, two years after becoming a U.S. citizen. He died in 1857; a century later, the Oregon Legislature named him the "Founder of Oregon", and Fort Vancouver is now a national historic site.
Legislation.
The Fort Vancouver Centennial Corporation hoped to sell commemorative half dollars at the planned celebration, and persuaded Representative Albert Johnson of Washington state to introduce legislation in the House of Representatives. In May 1924, he and Senator Wesley Jones, also of Washington state, introduced legislation in their houses of Congress for a half dollar commemorating the centennial of Fort Vancouver. The bills were not given any hearings. Indiana Representative Albert Vestal, the chairman of the House Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures, met with Johnson and persuaded him to introduce a bill for a medal instead. Vestal reasoned that the Treasury Department was opposing more commemorative coin issues, as these were finding their way into circulation and confusing the public. On February 3, 1925, Jones introduced a bill for a medal, and on the 12th, Johnson did the same.
Legislation for a Vermont Sesquicentennial half dollar had been introduced by that state's senior senator, Frank Greene, and had passed the Senate.
When that bill came to the floor of the House of Representatives on February 16, California Representative John E. Raker moved to amend it to provide for a California Diamond Jubilee half dollar. Vestal asked to be heard in opposition to the amendment, stating that his committee, after recommending the Vermont bill, had decided to promote no further coin bills. He added that because of this, Johnson had agreed to withdraw his bill. The Minority Leader, Democratic Congressman Finis J. Garrett of Tennessee, asked why the committee had not set the rule before considering the Vermont bill, and Vestal admitted it was hard to answer. The House voted, and the amendment was added. Johnson to applause from his colleagues moved a further amendment, to add "and Vancouver, Wash." The amendment passed, as did the bill.
Johnson realized that such a simple amendment might not result in a coin being issued. He therefore returned to the House floor soon thereafter, asking that the bill be reconsidered, so he could couch his amendment in the same phrasing as for the other two coins. Once the bill was again being considered, Johnson added his amendment, but Vestal moved that the bill be returned to his committee. Vestal's motion failed, 24 ayes to 67 noes. Lengthy procedural wrangling followed over whether that vote could be objected to because there was no quorum present. Once that was resolved, the House passed the bill again. The bill was returned to the Senate the following day. Kansas's Charles Curtis moved on behalf of Greene that the Senate agree to the House amendments, and though Treasury Secretary Andrew W. Mellon urged President Calvin Coolidge to veto it, the bill, authorizing all three coins, was enacted by the President's signature on February 24, 1925.
Preparation.
Once the coin had been approved by Congress, the Centennial Corporation submitted plaster models by an unknown artist, whose initials appeared on the obverse. They were sent to the Commission of Fine Arts, charged by a 1921 executive order by President Warren G. Harding with rendering advisory opinions regarding public artworks, including coins. The models showed McLoughlin on the obverse and the fort stockade with Mount Hood in the background for the reverse. These designs were likely dictated by the Centennial Corporation. On May 22, the Commission rejected the models, describing them as "interesting" but stating that an experienced medalist would be needed. It recommended Chester Beach, but when the corporation tried to hire him, it turned out he was traveling. The corporation instead hired the commission's second choice, Laura Gardin Fraser, an experienced designer of commemorative coins.
Since the Centennial Corporation had decided what design elements it wanted to see on the half dollar, Fraser had to do her own interpretation of the designs SB had essayed. Hired on June 15, she completed her models by July 1, when Louis Ayres, a member of the commission, came to view them. He was enthusiastic, and sent a letter to commission chairman Charles Moore to that effect, writing "the whole coin looks very interesting to me, and I think is mighty good." The models were approved by the commission, and then by Mellon. Dies were prepared at the Philadelphia Mint, then shipped to San Francisco, where the coins were to be struck.
Design.
The obverse features a portrait of McLoughlin, facing left. The name of his adopted country overarches him, and his name and are below him, with the centennial dates and flanking his bust. Fraser had no likenesses of McLoughlin to work with, and what she based her portrait of him on is unclear. It shows him as an older man than the 41 years he was at the time of Fort Vancouver's founding. The reverse shows an armed frontiersman, dressed in buckskins, with the stockade of Fort Vancouver behind him, and Mt. Hood in the distance. The inscription is somewhat broken up, but is intended to be read as . Numismatists have debated whether the absence of a mint mark was intentional; it is the only commemorative coin issue struck at Denver or San Francisco that lacks one. The artist's initials, , are at lower right on the reverse, on the other side of the circle from the date .
Anthony Swiatek and Walter Breen, in their 1988 book on commemorative coins, describe Fraser's design as "better than anything [Chester] Beach could have come up with". Cornelius Vermeule, in his volume on the artistry of U.S. coins and medals, deemed Fraser's half dollar "a most acceptable coin". He wrote, "the obverse tries Pisanello's spacing of the lettering and circumscribed roughness of the bust, while the reverse has too much scenery in the background, surrounded by too much lettering. This and the Hawaiian Sesquicentennial coin of 1928 prove that background scenery or geography ought to be omitted from commemorative half dollars".
Production, distribution, and collecting.
Only 50,000 of the authorized mintage of 300,000 were coined, plus 28 pieces intended to be sent to Philadelphia to be available for inspection and testing at the 1926 meeting of the annual Assay Commission. The minting was done not later than August1 at San Francisco. As a publicity stunt, the entire mintage (less the 28 assay coins) was flown by air to Vancouver, Washington, by United States Army Air Corps Lieutenant Oakley G. Kelly on August 1; the shipment, including packaging, weighed . On arrival, the coins were received by Herbert Campbell, head of the centennial commission.
The half dollars were intended to help pay for the centennial festivities in Vancouver. These were held from August 17 to 23, with a highlight being a pageant, "The Coming of the White Man", which was "based on historical fact". The coins were sold at $1 each; several hundred were gilded, diminishing their future value as numismatic specimens; others were kept as pocket pieces, or were spent.
The poor sales caused financial problems and may have caused a suicide, for on August 22, Charles A. Watts, secretary of the Centennial Corporation and described by Campbell as the real force behind the coin, killed himself. The day before he died, he told a meeting of the corporation there were funds enough to pay all debts, and that Fraser was not owed any money. Neither proved to be the case, and unpaid bills totaled $6,000, with no money to pay them. In fact, Fraser's fee of $1,200 was outstanding, and she tried to get paid even with the half dollars, but her bill was unsatisfied until a year later, when she was paid by check. The half dollars were not owned by the corporation, as the Vancouver National Bank had advanced money for them. Sales came to a virtual halt by the end of October. Texas coin dealer B. Max Mehl offered to buy the remainder of the issue at face value, but this was rejected as many people had paid $1 for their coins. A total of 35,034 pieces were sent back to the mint for redemption and melting, leaving 14,966 pieces outstanding. According to Swiatek and Breen, "given the remoteness and exclusively local nature of the celebration, it is surprising that as many as fourteen thousand coins were sold."
A sale of 1,000 coins was made to an executive of the Hudson's Bay Company, and they were placed in the Archives of Manitoba in Winnipeg, Canada. They were stolen in 1982 by a caretaker, who spent them and redeemed some for Canadian currency at a bank. Many wound up in the hands of a coin dealer, who sold them widely. At the time, the coins were worth about US$800 each. Once the theft was realized, the Province of Manitoba filed suit to recover the remaining coins, but a settlement allowed the dealer to retain them.
The coins quickly commanded a premium after their 1925 issue due to their scarcity, rising to $10 by 1928 before falling back to $7 by 1930, in uncirculated condition. They peaked at about $9 during the commemorative coin boom of 1936. They had subsided back to the $6 level by 1940, but thereafter increased steadily in value, rising to $1,600 during the second commemorative coin boom in 1980. The edition of R. S. Yeoman's "A Guide Book of United States Coins" published in 2017 lists the coin for between $300 and $975, depending on condition. A near-pristine specimen sold at auction in 2014 for $8,225.


Plymouth Naval Memorial

The Plymouth Naval Memorial is a war memorial in Plymouth, Devon, England which is dedicated to British and Commonwealth sailors who were lost in the World War I and World War II.
History.
After World War I, the Royal Navy wanted to find a way to commemorate sailors and Royal Marines who had died at sea and had no known grave. An Admiralty committee recommended building memorials at the three main naval ports in Great Britain – Plymouth, Chatham, and Portsmouth. The memorials at all three sites were designed by Sir Robert Lorimer with sculpture by Henry Poole.
Following World War II, the naval memorials were expanded to commemorate the dead from that war. Sir Edward Maufe performed the architectural design for the expansion at Plymouth, and the sculpture was by Charles Wheeler and William McMillan.
The Plymouth memorial also bears the names of sailors from Australia, South Africa, and India. The Plymouth Naval Memorial commemorates 7,251 sailors of the World War I and 15,933 of the World War II.
Other memorials in Halifax and Victoria in Canada, Auckland, New Zealand, Mumbai, India, Chittagong, Bangladesh, and Hong Kong commemorate sailors who came from those parts of the Commonwealth. The Newfoundland Memorial at Beaumont Hamel in France bears the names of 229 Newfoundland sailors lost at sea during World War I.
The memorial is maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. It became a Grade II listed building in 1975, upgraded to Grade II* in 1998, and was further upgraded to Grade I in May 2016 for the centenary of the Battle of Jutland.
Location.
The memorial is situated centrally on The Hoe which looks directly towards Plymouth Sound.
Design.
The memorial features a central obelisk, with names of the dead arranged according to the year of death. Those for the First World War are on panels affixed to the obelisk's base; those for the Second World War are on panels set into the surrounding wall. Within each year, the names are grouped by service, then by rank and surname.


Eleanor Markham

Eleanor Markham (born c. 1872) was an American woman who became one of the most prominent cases of an averted premature burial in the late 19th century.
According to news reports at the time, the 22-year-old Miss Markham was pronounced dead in Sprakers, New York on July 8, 1894, by a Dr. Howard, the family physician. Since the weather was quite warm, it was decided to have the burial quickly, and her coffin was closed and fastened after family members said goodbye on the morning of July 10. But on the way to the graveyard, the hearse was stopped after a noise was heard coming from the coffin. The lid was unfastened to find Miss Markham alive, exclaiming "You are burying me alive!," to which Dr. Howard reportedly said, "Hush child, you are all right. It is a mistake easily rectified."
Markham soon after fainted, but recovered after being administered some stimulants. She stated that she had been conscious the entire time of the preparations for burial, but was unable to cry out. She fully believed she would be buried alive, when finally, using all her will, she was able to make a knocking noise to draw attention.
The fear of premature burial was a topic of substantial discussion in the late 19th and early 20th century. Markham's case was among those included in the book "Premature Burial and How It May Be Prevented" by William Tebb and Edward Vollum. Bill Bryson also mentions the "well-known case" of Markham in his 2010 book '.


USS The Sullivans (DDG-68)

USS "The Sullivans" (DDG-68), is an (Flight I) Aegis guided missile destroyer. She is the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for the five Sullivan brothers – George, Francis, Joseph, Madison, and Albert Sullivan, aged 20 to 27 – who lost their lives when their ship, , was sunk by a Japanese submarine in November 1942 in the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal. This was the greatest military loss by any one American family during World War II.
The first ship named for the brothers was the , now a museum ship in Buffalo, New York.
Construction.
The contract to build "The Sullivans" was awarded to Bath Iron Works Corporation in Bath, Maine on 8 April 1992 and her keel was laid down on 27 July 1994. She was launched on 12 August 1995 and sponsored by Kelly Ann Sullivan Loughren, granddaughter of Albert Sullivan. The ship was
commissioned on 19 April 1997, with Commander Gerard D. Roncolato in command. Upon her commissioning, the ship was given the motto that is thought to have been spoken by the brothers when asked to separate during World War II, ""We Stick Together"."
Service history.
1990s.
On 26 April 1997, "The Sullivans" departed New York City for Norfolk, Virginia, where, after arriving on 27 April, the crew completed underway replenishment qualifications with . The warship then sailed for NS Mayport, Florida, on 29 April and arrived in her new homeport on 2 May.
After completing two days of gunnery trials in mid-May, "The Sullivans" embarked upon her shakedown deployment to the West Indies on 27 May. That cruise took her to the waters off Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, where the destroyer conducted numerous sonar, gunnery, and torpedo exercises. The warship also twice entered Roosevelt Roads and stopped once at St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands for port visits. On 29 June, "The Sullivans" conducted test firings of Standard SM-2 ER missiles from her vertical launch system (VLS). After a brief stop at Mayport for the 4 July weekend, the warship joined other "Arleigh Burke"-class destroyers, cruisers, destroyers, and frigates off the Virginia Capes for a multiple-ship missile firing exercise. She returned to Mayport on 12 July for upkeep.
Following three days of damage control exercises in mid-August, the crew began preparations for a post shakedown availability. She sailed for Maine on 3 September, arriving at Bath Iron Works on 5 September. The shipyard repainted the hull, altered the superstructure, and installed equipment upgrades in the engineering plant and combat systems suite. When the yard work was completed "The Sullivans" got underway for Mayport, arriving there on 23 November.
On 8 December, the destroyer joined the aircraft carrier off Georgia for a week of underway training. While providing plane guard services on 11 December, a T-45 Goshawk trainer splashed following take-off. "The Sullivans" made a high-speed dash to the site. While the carrier's rescue helicopter safely rescued the pilot, boats launched by "The Sullivans" picked up considerable pieces of wreckage which were helpful in determining the cause of the crash. The crew also completed helicopter deck landing qualifications before returning to port for the holidays on 12 December.
In January 1998, the crew of "The Sullivans" began a series of exercises designed "to build the capability for long-term self-sustained training onboard." They included engineering, combat, seamanship, and battle scenario training exercises. These local operations lasted until 18 May when the warship got underway for New York City and the annual "Fleet Week" celebrations.
Following a week-long port visit, "The Sullivans" got underway on 26 May for Halifax, Nova Scotia, to conduct training workups for the upcoming Exercise "Unified Spirit '98." During the exercise she joined an amphibious task force formed around , two Amphibious transport docks (LPDs), and two dock landing ships (LSDs). The warship screened the "gator" ships during an exercise focusing on multi-national peace enforcement operations. Ships from Canada, Great Britain, Germany, France, Norway, Denmark, Belgium, and Portugal also participated in the exercise. After this exercise, the ship visited Boston, Massachusetts, and then sailed with relatives and family for Mayport, arriving on 1 July.
After a summer of conducting midshipmen training off the Florida coast, CDR Roncolato was relieved by CDR E. Scott Hebner, USN, in a change of command ceremony on 4 September 1998. "The Sullivans" was then assigned to Destroyer Squadron 24, a component of the Battle Group. In 1999 the ship participated in various training exercises to prepare for her maiden deployment in October to the Mediterranean Sea.
2000s.
Later in 2000 she continued into the Arabian Sea, participating in exercises and boarding operations until late March. On 9 February 2000, CDR Daniel Paul Keller USN relieved CDR Heber in a change of command ceremony held at sea on station in the Persian Gulf.
After port visits in the Persian Gulf, "The Sullivans" returned through the Mediterranean Sea to her homeport in April 2000, successfully completing her first six-month deployment. After participating in BEACHFEST at Port Canaveral, Florida, "The Sullivans" underwent a major maintenance overhaul to prepare for future operations.
Attempted Al-Qaeda bombing.
Members of al-Qaeda attempted an attack on "The Sullivans" while in port at Aden, Yemen on 3 January 2000 as a part of the 2000 millennium attack plots. The plan was to load a boat full of explosives and detonate it near "The Sullivans"; however the boat was so overladen that it sank. Later, al-Qaeda tried the same type of attack a second time, successfully bombing on 12 October 2000.
September 11 Attacks.
While underway and sailing for Composite Unit Training Exercise 01-2 "The Sullivans" received word of the September 11 attacks. "The Sullivans", as part of the "John F. Kennedy" Battle Group, took part in Operation Noble Eagle. The destroyer provided air-space security along the mid-Atlantic seaboard.
In February 2002 "The Sullivans" deployed with the "John F. Kennedy" Carrier battle group to the Arabian Sea in support of Operation Enduring Freedom.
2010s.
On 20 March 2010 as the ship entered the harbor at Manama, Bahrain she struck a harbor buoy and sustained between $200,000 and $1 million in damage. The ship's captain, Commander Neil Funtanilla, was subsequently relieved of his command at an admiral's mast by Rear Admiral Phil Davidson, commander of Combined Task Force 50. On 17 August 2011, "The Sullivans" mistakenly fired on a fishing boat rather than a towed gunnery target during a gunnery exercise off North Carolina. As a result, Commander Mark Olson was relieved of his command. None of the inert shells hit the boat and there were no injuries as a result of the incident. On 7 May 2012, Commander Derick Armstrong was relieved of command after several female crew members alleged that he sexually harassed women aboard ship. On 18 August 2013, "The Sullivans" provided medical assistance to an ill mariner on board the merchant vessel MV "Abir Alqaray No. 4", a Saudi Arabian-flagged dhow, off the coast of Saudi Arabia.
On 18 July 2015, a RIM-67 Standard missile test fired from "The Sullivans" exploded just after launch. No injuries were reported but a small fire occurred on deck. Malfunctions of solid-fuel missiles in the U.S. Navy are extremely rare. In early November 2017, "The Sullivans" pulled into port in New York City, and its crew was given shore leave to celebrate Veterans' Day in the city.
2020s.
On 14 September 2020, it was announced that "The Sullivans" would be part of 's Task Group for the GROUPEX and Joint Warrior exercises. On 19 January 2021, a declaration confirmed that "The Sullivans" would form part of the escort for HMS "Queen Elizabeth" during her first active deployment as part of the UK Carrier Strike Group in 2021.
Coat of Arms.
The dark blue and gold, on the shield of the coat of arms, represent the sea and excellence. They are also the US Navy's traditional colors. Red is emblematic of courage and sacrifice. The five interlaced swords honor the five Sullivan brothers killed in action during World War II and commemorate their spirit of teamwork and patriotism. The upright points of the swords allude to the present ship's combat readiness and its missile system. The border reflects unity and the eleven stars represent the battle stars earned by the first ; nine for World War II and two for the Korean War. The trident on the crest, a symbol of sea prowess, symbolizes DDG-68's modern warfare capabilities; the AEGIS and vertical launch system. The fireball underscores the Guadalcanal campaign where the five brothers were killed in action while serving on , and highlights the firepower of both past and USS "The Sullivans". The inverted wreath, a traditional symbol of the ultimate sacrifice, is also in memory of the Sullivan brothers. The shamrock recalls the Irish heritage. The arms, on the seal, are blazoned in full color upon a white oval enclosed by a dark blue collar edged on the outside with a gold rope and bearing the name "USS THE SULLIVANS" at the top and "DDG 68" in the base in gold.


Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center

The Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center is a complex comprising several buildings related to the life and presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes. It is the first presidential library, built in 1916, and one of three such libraries for US presidents during the 19th century.
History.
Located in Fremont, Ohio, the Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center comprises the Rutherford B. Hayes Museum and Library and Spiegel Grove, an estate encompassing the Hayes home, residence to several generations of the Hayes family. Opened in 1916, the Rutherford B. Hayes Center Library was one of the first presidential libraries. The Center is supported by the private foundations, the Ohio Historical Society and Hayes Presidential Center Inc.
The library holds the 12,000 volume personal library of Rutherford B. Hayes, as well as materials relating to his military and political career, particularly of his presidency from 1877 to 1881. It also contains 70,000 volumes plus newspapers and journals from the time of the Civil War to the eve of World War I.
The library was built by the state of Ohio in 1916, and was expanded in 1922 and in 1968. As of 2020, two descendants of President Hayes were serving on the Board of Trustees.
Focus.
The library has continued its special interest in Rutherford B. Hayes and concentrates on the history of the U.S. from 1850 to 1917, especially the Civil War, Reconstruction, the Spanish–American War, railroad, education, black history and Indian/government relations. Second, the history of Ohio and the Sandusky River Valley and the Northwest are of interest. There is a large genealogical collection. The library contains history books on nearly every county of Ohio, but also on counties of many other states of the United States


Cristian Benavente

Cristian Benavente Bristol (born 19 May 1994) is a Spanish-born Peruvian professional footballer who plays for Charleroi, as an attacking midfielder. Born in Spain, he represents the Peru internationally.
Club career.
Real Madrid.
Born in Alcalá de Henares, Benavente joined Real Madrid's youth system in 2002, aged 8. In the 2013 summer, while still a junior, he was named to Real Madrid Castilla's pre-season squad for the 2012–13 season. In the same campaign he also was "Juvenil A" topscorer, netting 18 goals.
In July 2013, Benavente was promoted to Castilla, and made his professional debut on 24 August, playing the last 11 minutes of a 0–1 home loss against AD Alcorcón, for the Segunda División championship.
Milton Keynes Dons.
On 17 July 2015, Benavente joined English Championship club Milton Keynes Dons, signing a two-year deal on a free transfer. On 11 August 2015, Benavente made his debut in a 2–1 League Cup first round win over Leyton Orient. On 5 January 2016, following limited first team opportunities, Benavente was released from the club.
Charleroi.
Benavente then signed for Belgian club Charleroi in 2016.
Pyramids.
In January 2019, he moved to Egyptian club Pyramids FC.
Nantes.
In August 2019, he was loaned to French club FC Nantes
Royal Antwerp.
In October 2020, he was loaned out to Belgian side Royal Antwerp On 31 January 2021, Benavente left Royal Antwerp, due to a lack of playing time.
Charleroi.
On 1 February 2021, Benavente moved to Belgium club Charleroi, on a loan deal with an option to buy.
International career.
After appearing with the under-17 and under-20 teams, Benavente made his full squad debut on 18 April 2013, as a half-time substitute in a 0–0 friendly draw against Mexico at Candlestick Park in San Francisco. He scored his first international goal on 1 June 2013, the winner in a 2–1 victory over Panama.
Personal life.
His mother, Magali Bristol, was a retired volleyball player for Peru's U17 and U20 teams, and is a part owner of Zest nightclub in Ipswich.


Armenian Heritage Park

Armenian Heritage Park is a memorial park dedicated to the victims of the Armenian Genocide located on Parcel 13 on the Rose Kennedy Greenway between Faneuil Hall Marketplace and Christopher Columbus Park in Boston, Massachusetts.
The Park includes an abstract sculpture, split dodecahedron, that sits on a reflecting pool.
The abstract sculpture has 24–26 different configurations, which symbolize the dispersion and coming together of immigrants from different shores.
The abstract sculpture is dedicated to lives lost during the Armenian Genocide of 1915-1923 and all genocides that have followed.
The other part of it is a grass labyrinth that not only pays tribute to the contribution to the United States, but also represents the journey of life.
The Armenian Heritage Foundation, composed of dozens of Armenian-American religious, cultural, and other organizations from around Massachusetts, raised from $5 million to $6 million for the park.
The groundbreaking ceremony on September 9, 2010, was attended by Governor Deval Patrick, Karekin II, Catholicos of All Armenians, Registrar of Motor Vehicles Rachel Kaprielian, Sheriff of Middlesex County Peter Koutoujian, Boston Mayor Thomas Menino and many Armenian-American citizens and City and Commonwealth officials. Governor Patrick said that the park will be a "beautiful addition to the Greenway as well as a testament to the heritage of Armenian-Americans and Massachusetts' larger immigrant history". Mayor Menino also noted that the park "celebrates the distinctive history of the City of Boston and the generations of immigrants who have made Boston the wonderfully diverse community it is today".
Construction of the park was expected to be completed within 12 months, but actually lasted over a year and the park was opened on May 22, 2012. Armenian Minister of Foreign Affairs Eduard Nalbandyan and Governor Deval Patrick joined hundreds of attendees from the Armenian community at the dedication of the park.
In "On the Greenway, public arts that feels alive", Joanna Weiss, columnist for The Boston Globe, Opinion, April 11, 2015 wrote, "The Abstract Sculpture at Armenian Heritage Park "might well be the gem of the Greenway so far; an example of public art that is both permanent and alive"


Kervens Belfort

Kervens Fils Belfort (born 16 May 1992) is a Haitian international footballer who plays as a striker for Bangladesh Football Premier League side Abahani Limited Dhaka.
Club career.
Belfort has played for Tempête, Le Mans B, Le Mans, FC Sion, Grenoble, Fréjus Saint-Raphaël, Ethnikos Achna, 1461 Trabzon, Kerala Blasters, Syrianska, Zira and Jamshedpur.
Belfort was said to be popular with fans at Kerala Blasters.
After trialling with Bashundhara Kings, he signed for Abahani Limited Dhaka.
International career.
Belfort made his international debut for Haiti in 2010, and has appeared in FIFA World Cup qualifying matches.


Bill of Rights Gold $5


Battle of Britain Memorial, Capel-le-Ferne

The Battle of Britain Memorial is a monument to aircrew who flew in the Battle of Britain. It is sited on the White Cliffs at Capel-le-Ferne, near Folkestone, on the coast of Kent.
History.
It was initiated by the Battle of Britain Memorial Trust, and opened by the Queen Mother on 9 July 1993. It is formed of a large propeller-shaped base, with the figure of a seated pilot carved by Harry Gray sitting at the centre. The propeller shape has led the monument to be considered a hill figure.
Also on the site are replicas of a Hawker Hurricane and Supermarine Spitfire and the Christopher Foxley-Norris Memorial Wall, on which appears the names of the almost 3,000 fighter aircrew who flew in the Battle.
In October 2010 The Duchess of Cornwall unveiled a bust of Air Chief Marshal Sir Keith Park by sculptor Will Davies at the site.
The Wing.
The new visitor centre, '"The Wing"' is an eye-catching design in the shape of a Spitfire wing, complete with dihedral angle. Architects Godden Allen Lawn along with consulting engineers Crofton Consulting were appointed to undertake the building design with contractors Epps Construction undertaking the construction work. The building was opened by Her Majesty the Queen on 26 March 2015 and won 'Project of the Year' at the 2016 Kent Design and Development awards.
Conceived as an experience rather than a museum the building contains "The Scramble Experience; a" central ‘cockpit’ area with an open balcony offering superb views across the Channel to France, from where the Luftwaffe would have appeared in 1940. A high-tech screen is used to superimpose historical film of incoming German aircraft over the real view of the same scene.


JFK Memorial in Hyannis, MA

The John F. Kennedy Memorial is located on Ocean Street in Hyannis, Massachusetts. It overlooks Lewis Bay, where President Kennedy often sailed throughout his life while in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts. It consists of a large stone wall with two bronze medallions, one of President Kennedy's bust profile on the front facing the bay and the other of the Great Seal of the United States on the back, a reflecting pool and fountain, a large concrete terrace, and landscaping. The fountain is lit from the bottom of the reflecting pool, invoking the John F. Kennedy Eternal Flame at Arlington National Cemetery. Inscribed around the reflecting pool is a quote from President Kennedy's Radio and Television Report to the American People on the State of the National Economy on August 13, 1962: "I believe it is important that this country sail and not lie still in the harbor."
The memorial was commissioned by the citizens of Barnstable, Massachusetts and dedicated on July 8, 1966. Donald Durell of Falmouth, Massachusetts was the memorial's architect and J. Paul Lanza of Simsbury, Connecticut, formerly of West Yarmouth, Massachusetts was its general contractor. The sculptor Agop Minass Agopoff, recommended to President Kennedy's widow Jacqueline by Gloria Vanderbilt, created the bust profile that was cast in bronze by Jose Greco III, nephew of the famous dancer Jose Greco. The letter carving of the memorial and the reflecting pool was done by the John Stevens Shop of Newport, Rhode Island. Materials were sourced from across the Northeastern United States, primarily from Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
The memorial is overseen by the Town of Barnstable JFK Memorial Trust Fund Committee. A restoration of the 50-year old memorial is being planned by the Town of Barnstable.