Panzer Dragoon Orta

Panzer Dragoon Orta is a 2002 rail shooter game for the Xbox, published by Sega and developed by Sega's Smilebit studio. It is the fourth and final game in the main "Panzer Dragoon" series. Many of the developers had previously been part of the defunct Sega studio Team Andromeda, which disbanded after the release of the previous "Panzer Dragoon" game, "Panzer Dragoon Saga" (1998), on the Saturn. The story follows a teenage girl, Orta, who is rescued from her lifelong prison by a mysterious dragon and must defend herself from the forces of an oppressive empire.
Gameplay.
"Panzer Dragoon Orta" is a rail shooter: players can control the dragon's position onscreen, and may briefly slow down or speed up (the latter can be used as a potent ramming attack), but ultimately are in no control to fly about the level. Attacking is performed by holding down a mappable attack button, maneuvering an onscreen cursor over enemies, and releasing the button to fire a volley of arching lasers at each target. Orta is also equipped with a rapid-fire pistol, which can be used by tapping the attack button instead of holding it down. Enemies must thus be defeated before they vanish offscreen as the levels "scroll" by, with the exception of boss battles, which take place in environments that "loop" until the boss is defeated). An onscreen radar marks enemies in the dragon's immediate surroundings as red dots. Using the Right and Left Triggers, the player can rotate the view 90 degrees to the left or right. This way the player can look in front, to the sides or behind the dragon and take down incoming enemies. A Life Gauge displays the dragon's current health. When the dragon's health reaches zero, the game ends and the player will have to redo the entire Episode. If the dragon dies during the final boss fight of the Episode, the player also gets the option to restart the Episode at the boss fight.
Orta's dragon can morph itself instantaneously between three different forms: the Base Wing (standard class with no weaknesses or strengths), Heavy Wing (offensive class with less mobility), or Glide Wing (nimble class good for shooting down masses of incoming projectiles). Each of these forms can level up by collecting "gene bases" from certain enemies. Unique to the Glide Wing is the ability to have the dragon perform a barrel roll by moving the thumbstick sideways in quick succession.
Each dragon type has a different Glide Gauge. The dragon's ability to slow down or speed up can only be done a limited number of times as it decreases the Glide Gauge. When the Glide Gauge is empty, the dragon can no longer slown down or speed up and must wait for the gauge to refill (which happens automatically over time). The Glide Wing can speed up or slow down up to three times using a full Glide Gauge, while the Base Wing can only do so two times. The Heavy Wing can't slow down or speed up at all, trading its mobility for a greater damage output.
As with the Glide Gauge, each dragon type also has a different Berserk Gauge. Using the dragon's Berserk Attack depletes the Berserk Gauge (which refills over time as you defeat enemies). Besides inflicting a lot of damage on the onscreen enemies, the attack also grants the dragon invincibility for a short amount of time. In the case of the Glide Wing, the attack also steals life from the onscreen enemies and uses it to refill the dragon's own Life Gauge.
During the boss battles, the player can also position the dragon to the front, the sides or behind the boss using the dragon's ability to speed up or slow down. During a boss fight the onscreen radar shows the areas around the boss where the dragon is vulnerable to attacks (marked with a red color) and the ones where the dragon is safe (green color), and these areas change as the battle goes on. The player must use this information to move around the boss and avoid being hit, while simultaneously finding and attacking the boss's weak points.
At the conclusion of each Episode, the player is ranked based on the number of enemies defeated, score, hits taken, and the time it took to defeat the boss. Each of these is assigned a letter grade from S, A, B, C, and D (with S being the highest). The four grades are averaged together to give the player an overall assessment of how well they performed. This grading also occurs at the conclusion of the game's numerous side-missions (including all seven episodes of Iva's Story).
Bonus features.
"Panzer Dragoon Orta" has many unlockable bonus features which are opened after certain achievements within the game, such as beating it on a certain difficulty or with a clearing the game with a high shot-down ratio. These features are contained in "Pandora's Box", a feature returning from "Panzer Dragoon II Zwei", and include a detailed encyclopedia of the Panzer world, a bestiary of defeated enemies, an archive of concept art, extra bonus missions that expand the story of the main game, statistics tracking, a cutscene viewer (including movies from earlier "Panzer Dragoon" games), and even a complete port of the original "Panzer Dragoon". The port of "Panzer Dragoon" was based on the Windows port instead of the original Sega Saturn version, because the source code for the Saturn version was too complex for a port.
Plot.
The Empire has returned to power, using ancient technology to genetically engineer dragon-like bio-engineered weapons called dragonmares. A young girl, Orta, has lived all her life in a tower in a valley, imprisoned by the nomadic Seekers, who fear she is a harbinger of doom. One night, the Empire attacks the valley with its dragonmares, destroying much of the city. Before the dragonmares can harm Orta, a mysterious dragon appears and eliminates them.
Orta flees the valley on the dragon. Evren, a general in the Imperial Army and leader of the dragonmare squadron, pursues her. She is saved by Abadd, a renegade imperial drone. He flies away and Orta asks the dragon to follow him. In her search, Orta meets Mobo, a friendly but reckless member of the wormriders. Mobo leads Orta through a river valley and a sea of ash to the wormrider village. The imperial fleet attacks the village and Evren's squadron engages Orta, but she and the dragon defeat them. Evren's dragonmare self-destructs and Orta and the dragon fall from the sky.
The wounded dragon carries Orta on foot across a snowy land until its torn wings regenerate. They fend off an attack from a flying predator, but Orta feels remorse when she sees it has children. Abadd reappears and kills the family with a laser volley. He claims to have information about Orta's birth. They descend into the ruins of a tower and access the ancient information network known as Sestren. Orta finds a message recorded by her mother, Azel, saying that Orta was created using DNA she recovered from a human in Sestren. Abadd explains that he has learnt the secret of drone reproduction and intends to use Orta's body to replicate himself infinitely and conquer the world. Orta defeats Abadd's avatar and discovers that he is heading for the Cradle, an ancient monolithic artifact above the imperial city. She orders Sestren that she be transported there.
Orta and the dragon find themselves in an imperial research facility. After they destroy several experiments, including dragonmare embryos, the facility collapses. They destroy an imperial defense unit and the Emperor dies within the explosion. The Cradle breaks free, destroying several Imperial ships and sending the dragonmares berserk. The wormriders, led by Mobo, attack the imperial fleet at the city, leaving Orta to fly towards the Cradle.
After destroying the last of the dragonmares and the Cradle's shell, a cocoon-like object emerges from the Cradle's core. The cocoon erupts into Abadd's enormous dragon, which Orta and the dragon defeat. The dragon, severely wounded, flies to the ground and dies. The war over, Orta walks towards a mountain range with a baby dragon.
Iva's Story.
Iva Demilcol is a young imperial boy whose father died in a battle with Orta's dragon shortly after a bitter argument with Iva over the morality of war. Iva is stricken with an unusual disease, and must take a strange pill each day to survive. He aims to find out more before all his pills are gone. Though he manages to make a few friends at the Empire's military academy, he becomes isolated once again when Orta's dragon shoots down his fleet, killing all of his friends. Iva himself only survives when he is rescued and revived by a group of Seekers. After proving himself worthy of the Seekers' trust, however, Iva learns that his father was involved with dragonmares, which shocks and angers him.
When the conversation turns towards the weaponry of the Ancient Age, one of the Seekers mentions a great weapon hidden in the nearby ruins; whoever hits it would be destroyed, along with everything in a wide radius. Another Seeker gets word of the Dragon, and Iva sets off after it immediately. He cannot catch it, however, and returns to the Seekers' den, where he shocks them by suddenly falling to the ground. It has been a long time since he has taken his medicine, and the Seeker that gives him the pill notes that it is the last one. A Seeker named Emil notices a peculiar amulet that Iva wears around his neck, and identifies it as a letter container used by nomadic tribes. Opening it, Iva does indeed find a letter to him from his father, who tells Iva that he will be dead by the time he reads it.
Iva's father tells him that Iva carries in his body a virus, when he innocently drank water from a poisoned well as an infant. Iva survived when his father made a medicine from the internal fluids of a bio-engineered creature. The medicine stopped the virus from spreading, but could not purge the disease completely, as the virus began to evolve into more resistant forms. Iva's father made medicines from more and more powerful creatures, but eventually there existed not a single creature from which a medicine could be made. This led him to join the people responsible for the dragonmares; the pills Iva took recently all came from one. He acknowledges that what he did was ultimately wrong, but he tells him that he continued to make the medicine so that he could be with him for that much longer. He tells him never to give up, that he has faith in him, and pleads Iva to forgive him.
The Seeker colony is suddenly attacked by dragonmares. Iva vows to destroy them all and bring the horrors of his father's work to an end. Iva finds the ancient weapon, shaped like a big drum, and activates it just as the dragonmares come tearing into the chamber. A giant beam of light shoots skyward from the drum, repelling the dragonmares; Iva is surprised to find himself still alive. The device was not a weapon of mass destruction, but instead a sound generator meant to ward off bio-engineered creatures. The shaft of light makes a great pattern of colors in the sky, and the many soldiers of the Empire and the Seekers lay down their weapons for a moment in awe.
Iva is rescued by the Seekers, and sits quietly with Emil underneath the branches of a great tree. He acknowledges that while humans have a very despicable nature in their tendencies to fight and ultimately kill each other, he is moved that they were yet able to make something so beautiful. He feels tired, and knowing that he may never wake again, he calls out softly to his father before falling asleep, and expresses his gratitude for being able to know the many people that befriended him on his journey.
Soundtrack.
The soundtrack was composed by Saori Kobayashi and Yutaka Minobe (whose previous work includes the soundtrack for the 2000 Dreamcast role-playing video game, "Skies of Arcadia"). The ending song, "Anu Orta Veniya" ("When the Day Breaks"), was orchestrated by Hayato Matsuo and sung by Eri Itoh. Kobayashi, Matsuo and Itoh had previously worked for "Panzer Dragoon Saga" soundtrack in the same position.
The U.S. soundtrack release for the game was published by Tokyopop and includes bonus tracks from "Panzer Dragoon", "Panzer Dragoon Zwei", and "Panzer Dragoon Saga". These tracks are not on the original Japanese soundtrack release, which was published by Marvelous Entertainment.
Release.
On December 19, 2002, a "Panzer Dragoon Orta" Special Edition Xbox was released in Japan to commemorate the release of "Panzer Dragoon Orta" on the console. This quickly became the most sought-after Xbox to date. This Special Edition had a limited production of 999 units.
"Panzer Dragoon Orta" presents a rendering bug when run on the original Xbox 1.6 models at 480p but a workaround has been found. It was made backward compatible with the Xbox 360 on April 19, 2007, and backward compatible with the Xbox One range of consoles on April 17, 2018. The game was made compatible for all regions; however, there were multiple reports that on Xbox 360 the PAL version of the game would consistently crash to the Dashboard after the full-motion video at the end of the third Episode. This was fixed in a subsequent backward compatibility update that coincided with the game being made compatible with Xbox One.
On Xbox One and Xbox One X, the game renders at either four or sixteen times the original resolution.
Reception.
"Panzer Dragoon Orta" received "universal acclaim" according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. GameSpot called it "one of the best traditional video game shooting experiences ever made", and named it the best Xbox game of January 2003. IGN's review called "Orta" a potent mix between "a solid storyline, stunning graphics, and great sound", declaring it "the best rail shooter of all time". Most of "Orta"s criticism was directed at the short length of the main single-player game, and its high level of difficulty even on the easiest settings. "GameNOW"s review noted that "if you can beat it on normal difficulty, then consider yourself a true gamer", and that "it may turn off some with its difficulty".
"Maxim" gave the game a perfect ten and said: "Sure, this game looks beautiful, and is one of the best shooters we've ever played, but we just can't explain how therapeutic it is to incinerate everything with the power of a thousand George Foreman Grills." "Entertainment Weekly" gave it a B+ and said that it "harkens back to the play style of classic arcade games but blends it with visual panache to become an addictive fantasy novel brought to life." However, "FHM" gave it three stars out of five and said it was "beautiful and inspired, but too short."
IGN also included the game in their list of the best Xbox games and in their top 11 list of games that deserve an HD remake. In 2017 GamesRadar named "Panzer Dragoon Orta" the 10th best original Xbox game.


Richard A. Cody

Richard Arthur "Dick" Cody (born August 2, 1950) is a retired United States Army general who served as the 31st Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army from June 24, 2004 to July 31, 2008. He retired from the Army on August 1, 2008.
Early life and career.
Cody was born in Montpelier, Vermont, on August 2, 1950. He was commissioned a Second Lieutenant upon graduation in 1972 from the United States Military Academy. His military education includes completion of the Transportation Corps Officer Basic and Advanced Courses; the Aviation Maintenance Officer Course; the AH-1, AH-64, AH-64D, UH-60, and MH-60K Aircraft Qualification Courses; the Command and General Staff College, and the United States Army War College. Cody is a Master Aviator with over 5,000 hours of flight time, and is an Air Assault School graduate.
Prior to serving as Vice Chief of Staff, Cody spent 32 years in a variety of command and staff assignments, including Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations (G-3) on the Headquarters, department of the Army staff. Other key assignments include Commanding General, 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) and Fort Campbell; Director, Operations, Readiness and Mobilization, Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans, Headquarters, Department of the Army; Deputy Commanding General, Task Force Hawk, Tirana, Albania; Assistant Division Commander for Maneuver, 4th Infantry Division, Fort Hood, Texas; Commander, 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment, Fort Campbell, Kentucky; Commander, 4th Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division; Aide-de-Camp to the Commanding General, Combined Field Army, Korea; and Director, Flight Concepts Division.
Cody served several tours with the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) as Commander, 1st Battalion, 101st Aviation Regiment (Attack) during Operation Desert Storm; Aviation Brigade Executive Officer, 101st Aviation Brigade; Battalion Executive Officer and Company Commander in the 229th Attack Helicopter Battalion, and Battalion S-3 in the 55th Attack Helicopter Battalion. He served as a platoon commander in the 2nd Squadron, 9th Cavalry and A Company (Attack), 24th Aviation Battalion and as Commander, E Company (AVIM), 24th Infantry Division, Fort Stewart, Georgia.
Post-army career.
Cody joined L3 Technologies in 2008. As of 2017, he continued with L3 as Senior Vice President of Washington Operations. In 2013, he was appointed to the Board of Trustees of New York Institute of Technology in Old Westbury, N.Y.
General Cody serves as the Chairman of the Board for Homes For Our Troops, a 4 Star related 501c3 organization that builds mortgage free, specially adapted custom homes for severely wounded veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Cody is a Trustee on the Board of the Intrepid Fallen Heroes Fund, a 4 Star rated 501c3 that has built and gifted back to the military the Center For the Intrepid Amputee Research and Treatment center at Brooke Army Medical Center, the National Intrepid Center For Excellence (NICOE) PTSD/mTBI research and treatment center at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center and 3 of the planned 8 Intrepid Spirit satellite centers to the NICOE. He is also on the Advisory Council of Hope For The Warriors, a 4 Star rated 501c3 national non-profit, dedicated to provide a full cycle of non-medical care to combat wounded service members, their families, and families of the fallen from each military branch.
Family.
In 1975, Cody married Vicki Lyn Heavner in Burlington, Vermont. They have two sons, Clint and Tyler who are active duty Army Officers and Apache helicopter pilots.
General Cody is of Lebanese heritage. Vicki has written a book about military life for military families. The military's largest Child Development Center (CDC) is named after the Codys. It is called the Cody Child Development Center, which is located on Fort Myer, Virginia.


List of airlines of Bolivia

This is a list of airlines which have an Air Operator Certificate issued by the Civil Aviation Authority of Bolivia.


RAF Marham

RAF Marham is a Royal Air Force station and military airbase near the village of Marham in the English county of Norfolk, East Anglia.
It is home to No. 138 Expeditionary Air Wing (138 EAW) and, as such, is one of the RAF's "Main Operating Bases" (MOB). Since 6 June 2018, it has been home to the fifth generation Lockheed Martin F-35B Lightning operated by No. 617 (The Dambusters) Squadron. No. 207 Squadron became the second Lightning squadron to be based at RAF Marham when it reformed on 1 August 2019 as the F-35 Operational Conversion Unit.
History.
Beginnings (1916–1919).
Opened in August 1916 close to the former Royal Naval Air Station Narborough, later RAF Narborough, the Marham base was originally a military night landing ground on an site within the boundary of the present day RAF Marham. In 1916, the aerodrome was handed over to the Royal Flying Corps (RFC). Throughout the First World War, Marham's role was focused on defending Norfolk from Zeppelin raids. No. 51 Squadron became the first RFC unit to be stationed at Marham upon their move in September 1916, flying home defence missions. On the night of 27/28 November 1916, Lt. Gaymer of No. 51 Squadron took off from Marham to intercept Zeppelin L21 however he crashed his Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2b and was killed after making no contact, L21 was later shot down near Lowestoft by Royal Naval Air Service crews.
Outside of home defence, Marham also acted as a training base for night time flying, with this provided by No. 51 Squadron. No. 191 (Night) Training Squadron was formed at Marham on 6 November 1917 to provide training for night time operations, who were based at Marham until Upwood in January 1918. No. 51 Squadron also assisted No. 190 Training Squadron and No. 193 Training Squadron, who were based nearby, throughout late 1917 and 1918. To celebrate the Armistice on 11 November 1918, aircraft from Marham bombed Narborough with bags of flour who in return bombed Marham with bags of soot. No. 51 Squadron departed Marham in May 1919 for Sutton's Farm, with the aerodrome closing shortly after.
Rearmament (1935–1945).
In the first half of 1935, work started on a new airfield which became active on 1 April 1937, with a resident heavy bomber unit from within No. 3 Group, RAF Bomber Command.
The first squadron, No. 38, arrived on 5 May 1937 with Fairey Hendon bombers. In June, No. 115 Squadron re-formed at Marham with the Handley Page Harrow, initially sharing No. 38 Squadron's Hendons until Harrow deliveries were completed in August. No. 38 Squadron received Vickers Wellington Mk. I bombers in December 1938, followed in April 1939 by No. 115 Squadron. No. 218 Squadron moved to Marham on 27 Nov 1940, also operating Wellingtons. No. 218 Squadron began conversion to the Short Stirling in December 1941 and used the type on operations from 1942. De Havilland Mosquitos from No. 105 Squadron also arrived in 1941. Marham became part of the Pathfinder force. They also tested and proved the Oboe precision bombing aid.
During March 1944, RAF Marham closed for the construction of new concrete runways, perimeter track, and dispersal areas, marking the end of its wartime operations. The three new runways were of the familiar wartime triangular pattern, but Marham was one of only two sites built as a heavy bomber airfield (the other was nearby RAF Sculthorpe) with the runways substantially longer than the standard layout.
Cold War (1946–1982).
From 15 March to 31 October 1946, RAF Marham hosted seven B-17 Flying Fortressess and three modified B-29 Super Fortressess of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) during Project "Ruby", which was a series of trials to test the effectiveness of deep penetration bombs such as the Grand Slam and Disney against "massive reinforced concrete targets". Trials began on 25 March and were undertaken by the USAAF B-29s and modified Lancasters of No. XV Squadron by attacking the Nordsee III U-boat pen at Heligoland and the U-boat assembly plant at Farge, Germany. Project "Ruby" ended on 31 October after 22 trials had been completed, with results concluding that none of the bombs tested were capable of penetrating massive reinforced concrete. Nine B-29s of the 340th Bombardment Squadron arrived at Marham on 9 June 1947 as part of a "goodwill" visit to the United Kingdom. Between March 1948 and March 1950, USAF B-29s and B-50s of the 2nd; 22nd; 43rd; 307th and 509th Bombardment Groups spent time based at Marham.
On 22 March 1950, the first four of an eventual 70 Boeing Washington B.1s arrived at Marham. The aircraft were handed over in a ceremony attended by Secretary of State for Air Arthur Henderson, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Bomber Command Air Marshal Hugh Pughe Lloyd and Major General Leon W. Johnson, Commander of the USAF 3rd Air Division.
In the 1950s, the airfield was home to RAF units operating the English Electric Canberra, and later the V-bomber force and tankers: Vickers Valiant and Handley Page Victor. The station is also one of the few large enough for the operation of United States Air Force Boeing B-52 Stratofortress, and a number of these aircraft visited on exercises in the 1970s and 1980s.
Tornado GR (1982–2019).
During 1980-82, 24 Hardened Aircraft Shelters were constructed to house future strike aircraft, which would eventually see the arrival of the Panavia Tornado GR.1 in 1982. These shelters were equipped with the US Weapon Storage Security System (WS3), each able to store 4 WE.177 nuclear bombs. The first Tornado GR.1 to be delivered to Marham was "ZA601" on 24 April 1982 from BAe Warton, in preparation for the reformation of No. 617 Squadron which stood up on 1 January 1983. This was shortly followed by No. 27 Squadron which reformed at Marham on 12 August.
No. 57 Squadron disbanded at RAF Marham on 30 June 1986, leaving No. 55 Squadron as the last Victor K.2 unit at the base. In March 1987, the Tornado Weapons Conversion Unit (TWCU) relocated its Tornados from RAF Honington to Marham for a period of six months while runway repairs were carried out. In March 1988, Hawker Siddeley Nimrod MR.2s of No. 42 Squadron spent a year based at Marham while RAF St. Mawgan had its runway repaired. No. II (Army Co-operation) Squadron relocated from RAF Laarbruch, Germany to Marham in December 1991, bringing with it the Tornado GR.1A and its 'Tornado Infra-Red Reconnaissance System' (TIRRS).
No. 27 Squadron disbanded in September 1993, with its aircraft and crew transferring to No. 12 (Bomber) Squadron who moved to RAF Lossiemouth in January 1994. No. 55 Squadron, the last of the RAF Victor squadrons, disbanded at Marham in October 1993, with the last Victor to leave departing in November. In December, No. 39 (1 Photographic Reconnaissance Unit) Squadron arrived at RAF Marham with its Canberra PR.7s and PR.9s from RAF Wyton.
Following the 1998 Strategic Defence Review it was decided to end the Royal Air Force's presence in Germany, No. IX (B) Squadron relocated from RAF Brüggen to RAF Marham on 17 July 2001, followed shortly by No. 31 Squadron on 17 August, who landed their Tornados at Marham at precisely 1331hrs BST.
No. 39 (1 PRU) Squadron disbanded on 31 July 2006, ending 52 years of Canberra operations at Marham. Following the closure of RAF Coltishall in November 2006, RAF Marham was officially granted the Freedom of the City of Norwich in 2008 and, as such, is allowed to march through the streets of Norwich with 'bayonets fixed'; this is usually carried out on occasions such as the annual Battle of Britain parade held on 12 September every year.
On the night of 19/20 March 2011, No. IX (B) Squadron Tornado GR4s flew a 3,000-mile round trip from Marham to carry out Storm Shadow strikes against targets in Libya as part of Operation Ellamy. Following the 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review, No. XIII Squadron was disbanded on 13 May 2011 followed by No. 14 Squadron on 1 June.
On 26 September 2014, Tornado aircraft begin airstrikes against ISIL as part of Operation Shader. In 2015, four Tornados ("ZA405", "ZA456", "ZA548" and "ZD788") from RAF Marham received special markings to mark the 100th anniversaries of Nos. IX (B), 12 (B) and 31 Squadrons, as well as the 40th anniversary of Tornado service.
As part of the draw-down of the RAF's Tornado GR4 fleet, No. 12 (B) Squadron disbanded on 14 February 2018. Squadron personnel were reassigned to Marham's other Tornado squadrons, No. IX (B) Squadron and No. 31 Squadron.
The last eight deployed Tornado GR4s returned home to RAF Marham from RAF Akrotiri, Cyprus, on 4 and 5 February 2019. To mark the nearing Tornado retirement, RAF Marham held a series of 'farewell flypasts' across the United Kingdom on 19, 20 and 21 February. On 28 February, nine Tornado GR4s flew out of RAF Marham for a diamond nine formation flypast over RAF Cranwell, which was holding a graduation parade, before returning to Marham to carry out multiple passes over the base. RAF Marham saw the final flight of an RAF Tornado ("ZA463") on 14 March during the disbandment parade of No. IX (B) Squadron and No. 31 Squadron. The Tornado GR4 was completely retired from service on 1 April 2019, leaving the Lightning as the sole type based at RAF Marham.
Project Anvil (2016–2018).
Project Anvil was the £250 million programme of investment to provide Marham with new and upgraded infrastructure for F-35B Lightning operations. The enabling works, worth £25 million, were undertaken by Balfour Beatty and Henry Brothers with work commencing in May 2016. These works involved demolition of hangar no. 3 located on the north side of the airfield. The hangar dated from the 1930s and was last used for Tornado depth engineering. In its place the new Lightning Maintenance and Finish Facility was completed.
In late 2016 Wates Group was awarded a £27 million contract to construct a new squadron building for No. 617 Squadron in the south west hardened aircraft shelters area. Construction began in March 2017 and was completed in spring 2018.
The Lightning National Operating Centre (NOC) was constructed on the north-west side of the airfield, near the station golf course. The NOC was designed to accommodate around 125 personnel who form the Lightning Force Headquarters and Logistics Operating Centre. The NOC, the first Project Anvil building to be completed, was opened by the Queen, the station's Honorary Air Commodore, on 2 February 2018. In April 2016 Balfour Beatty were awarded a contract worth £82.5 million to construct a joint Lockheed Martin/BAE Systems Lightning European Maintenance Hub. The hub comprised an Integrated Training Centre (ITC), a Logistics Operations Centre and a Maintenance and Finishing Facility (M&F) across three separate sites at Marham. The ITC was built on the south side of the airfield and was designed to provide maintainer training and accommodate the Lightning Full Mission Simulators.
The final construction contracts, worth £135 million, were awarded to Galliford Try and Lagan Construction in June 2017. The work included construction of a new hangar to replace hangar no. 1, rebuilding of Marham's runways, installation of vertical landing pads, new taxiways and refurbishment of 90% of existing taxiways and airfield operating surfaces. Both runways were rebuilt during a three-week period (8–28 September 2017), which saw all flying cease and the laying of more than 18,000 tonnes of new asphalt. The resurfacing works were completed by June 2018. Project Anvil also included construction of servicing platforms and refurbishment of hardened aircraft shelters. Facilities for the Operational Conversion Unit (OCU) were built between the No. 617 Squadron hardened aircraft shelters and the Integrated Training Centre.
F-35B Lightning (2018–).
The Ministry of Defence announced in March 2013 that the British fleet of Lockheed Martin F-35B Lightning aircraft, which would be operated jointly by the RAF and Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm, would be based at RAF Marham. The Lightning is a fifth-generation short take-off and vertical landing (STOVL) multi-role aircraft designed to operate from the Royal Navy's aircraft carriers.
The first aircraft arrived at Marham on 6 June 2018, when four F-35Bs of No. 617 (Dambusters) Squadron, supported by three Voyagers and an Atlas, made an eight-hour flight across the Atlantic from Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort in South Carolina. The RAF announced on 5 July 2017 that No. 207 Squadron will be the Operational Conversion Unit for the F-35 Lightning. No. 617 (Dambusters) Squadron, became the first operational unit on 11 January 2019. Six F-35Bs of No. 207 Squadron arrived at RAF Marham from Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort on 16 July 2019 before the squadron officially reformed on 1 August 2019.
In late January 2020, F-35Bs from No. 207 Squadron departed for HMS "Queen Elizabeth", becoming the first British squadron in a decade to operate jets from a British carrier in home waters. On 3 February 2020, Queen Elizabeth II visited personnel at the base and inspected the F-35B aircraft, her first official royal engagement of the new decade.
On 3 September 2020, ten United States Marine Corps F-35Bs from VMFA-211 arrived at RAF Marham to operate alongside "the Dambusters". On 22 September, both squadrons embarked on HMS "Queen Elizabeth" for Exercise Joint Warrior. In late October, both units participated in Exercise Crimson Warrior - the largest UK exercise in over a decade.
Role and operations.
Command.
Group Captain James Beck was appointed as RAF Marham station commander on 29 July 2019. The station is close to the Royal Estate of Sandringham and Queen Elizabeth II is the station's Honorary Air Commodore. The Queen has made a number of visits to the station, most recently on 3 February 2020. The station is under the command of No. 1 Group (Air Combat).
F-35B Lightning operations.
RAF Marham is home to No. 617 Squadron, a front line unit operating the F-35B Lightning, and No. 207 Squadron – the F-35 Operational conversion unit (OCU).
Expeditionary Air Wing.
No. 138 Expeditionary Air Wing (No. 138 EAW) was formed at Marham on 1 April 2006 to create a deployable air force structure.
Supported units.
RAF Marham is the 'parent' station of
Based units.
Royal Air Force.
No. 1 Group (Air Combat)
No. 2 Group (Air Combat Support)
British Army.
Royal Engineers (8 Engineer Brigade, 12 (Force Support) Engineer Group)
Heritage.
Station badge and motto.
RAF Marhams's badge, awarded in October 1957 when it was home to part of the RAF V-Force, features a blue coloured bull with its head lowered and facing towards the viewer. The bull, an animal considered to be aggressive to intruders entering its area, represented Marham's nuclear deterrence role. For the same reason, the station's motto is "Deter".
Gate Guardians.
In March 2020, Marham's gate guardian Panavia Tornado GR.1 "ZA407" was removed from the station entrance, to take up a role as fire fighting training aid. It was replaced on the gate by Tornado GR.4 "ZA614".
Marham has one other preserved aircraft on the station: English Electric Canberra PR.9 "XH169", which has been on display within the main technical site since November 2007. Until November 2020, outside the station headquarters building was Handley Page Victor K.2 "XH673", which was scrapped after failing to find a new owner.


Long Lake Helms Seaplane Base

Long Lake Helms Seaplane Base is a privately owned, public use seaplane based on Long Lake in the Town of Long Lake, Hamilton County, New York, United States.
Facilities and aircraft.
Long Lake Helms Seaplane Base resides at elevation of 1,629 feet (497 m) above mean sea level. It has one seaplane landing area designated NE/SW with a water surface measuring 15,000 by 1,500 feet (4,572 x 457 m).
For the 12-month period ending September 15, 2011, the airport had 2,200 aircraft operations, an average of 183 per month: 54.5% general aviation and 45.5% air taxi. At that time there were three single-engine aircraft based at this airport.


Eugene Carroll

Eugene James Carroll, Jr. (December 2, 1923 Miami, Arizona – February 19, 2003) was a rear admiral in the United States Navy, and deputy director of the Center for Defense Information. After his retirement, he became a vocal proponent of nuclear disarmament.
Life.
He joined the Navy in 1945. He served in the Korean War as a naval aviator and in the Vietnam War. Promoted to rear admiral in 1972, he commanded the , and a carrier group in the United States Sixth Fleet. He retired in 1980.
Afterward, he joined the Center for Defense Information. He became a knowledgeable source for nuclear disarmament. He is interviewed/featured extensively in the 1992 Academy Award winning documentary "The Panama Deception" discussing the U.S. position and tactics during the Invasion of Panama the week prior to Christmas 1989.
He graduated from George Washington University with an MA in international relations.
Carroll died of a heart attack at Walter Reed Army Medical Center at the age of 79. He was survived by his wife Margaret and their son. He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery, Section 66, Site 7547.


Anthony R. Jones

Anthony Ray Jones (born July 10, 1948) is a retired United States Army lieutenant general who served as acting commander of the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command.
Early life.
A native of Washington, Indiana, Jones graduated from Indiana University in June 1970 and was a Reserve Officer Training Corps Distinguished Military Graduate.
Military career.
Commissioned a second lieutenant of Infantry, Jones later became qualified in the Aviation branch. His early assignments included: Task Force Executive Officer and Company Commander, 160th Aviation Group (Airborne), 1st Special Operations Command; Commander, 3rd Battalion, 227th Aviation Regiment, 3rd Armored Division; Commander, Combat Aviation Brigade, 24th Infantry Division; Chief of Staff, 24th Infantry Division (Mechanized); and Deputy Director for Operations, National Military Command Center, J-3, The Joint Staff. Jones's overseas experience included Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm in Saudi Arabia, as well as Operation Joint Guard in Bosnia.
Jones's later assignments included: Assistant Division Commander (Forward), 1st Armored Division; Commanding General, United States Army Aviation Center and Fort Rucker; and Chief of Staff, United States Army Europe and Seventh Army.
Jones's final assignment was as Deputy Commander of United States Army Training and Doctrine Command. In 2004 Jones co-led an inquiry into alleged detainee abuse in Iraq by members of United States military intelligence. He served as acting TRADOC commander after General Kevin P. Byrnes was relieved of duty in 2005.
Education.
Jones graduated from the Infantry Officer Basic and Advanced Courses, the United States Army Command and General Staff College, and the United States Army War College. He holds a master's degree in Systems Management from the University of Southern California.
Awards and decorations.
Jones's awards and decorations include the Army Distinguished Service Medal, Defense Superior Service Medal, Legion of Merit (3), Bronze Star Medal, Meritorious Service Medal (8), Air Medal, Army Commendation Medal (2), Army General Staff Badge, the Joint Staff Badge, Expert Infantryman Badge, Master Aviator Badge, Parachutist Badge, and Ranger Tab.
Post-military career.
After leaving the army, Jones worked as Vice President of Training Systems and Services for the Boeing Company.
In 2011 Jones was inducted into the Army Aviation Hall of Fame.


Air Force Base Waterkloof

Air Force Base Waterkloof {AFB Wklf} is an airbase of the South African Air Force. It is situated on the outskirts of Pretoria, and is the SAAF's busiest airbase. The base's name, "Waterkloof", is Afrikaans. It means "Water Ravine" in English. Despite the name, this base is not located in Waterkloof, Pretoria, but lies to the south of Pretoria, to the northeast of Centurion, Gauteng and from AFB Swartkop, at an elevation of 1506 metres (4940 ft).
The base motto is "Acquirit Qui Tuetur" (He Obtains Who Defends).
History.
The base was officially opened on 1 August 1938 as Waterkloof Air Station.
Since that time it has always been in the service of the SAAF. It was upgraded to Air Force Base during World War II.
Controversy.
A flight full of Indian citizens who had come to attend a wedding of the Gupta family landed at Waterkloof airbase. This was in contravention of South African law since the airbase is classified as a National Key Point. It was later alleged that former president Jacob Zuma is the one who ordered the flight to land.


RAAF Station Tocumwal

RAAF Station Tocumwal () was a major Royal Australian Air Force base during World War II.
History.
Located near the town of Tocumwal, New South Wales the base was established in early 1942 to provide a secure base for United States Army Air Forces heavy bomber units. While the USAAF does not appear to have used the base, it was heavily used by the RAAF and, from 1944, was home to the RAAF's heavy bomber support and operational conversion units including No. 7 Operational Training Unit.
While RAAF Station Tocumwal was closed following World War II the airfield remains in use and is a renowned gliding site.
200 houses from the base were relocated to Canberra in the 1940s to address a housing shortage. The vast majority were relocated to a small precinct in the suburb of O'Connor, and in 2004 were added to the ACT Heritage Register.


Pan Am Systems

Pan Am Systems (formerly Guilford Transportation Industries) is a privately held Portsmouth, New Hampshire-based U.S. corporation composed of rail transport, manufacturing and energy, transportation related brands, and real estate divisions. It formerly held a now-defunct airline division.
History.
Guilford Transportation Industries (GTI) was formed in 1977. GTI entered the railroad business in 1981 with its purchase of the Maine Central Railroad from U.S. Filter Corporation. This was followed by its 1983 purchase of the Boston & Maine Railroad, and in 1984 it purchased the Delaware & Hudson Railway (D&H). In 1988, GTI declared D&H bankrupt. D&H employees took it over, with the New York, Susquehanna & Western Railway managing it. The employees then sold out in 1991 to the Canadian Pacific Railway.
GTI purchased the name, colors, and logo of Pan American World Airways in 1998. In March 2006, GTI changed its name to Pan Am Systems.
The company is privately owned by Timothy Mellon, an heir to the Mellon banking fortune, and several other stakeholders including former Penn Central employee David Fink and son David A. Fink.
In 2020, CSX Transportation began negotiations to buy Pan-Am's railway sector.


Cosmos Bison

The Cosmos Bison, also called the Cosmos Bidulm, is a French two-seat, flying wing, ultralight trike that is produced by Cosmos ULM. The aircraft is only supplied as a completed aircraft and is not available as a kit.
Design and development.
The Bison was designed to comply with the European Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight classification. It features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a two-seats-in-tandem open cockpit, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.
The aircraft wing is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing and covered in Dacron sailcloth. A number of different wings are available for the Bison. The wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame control bar. Optional equipment includes a cockpit fairing and wheel pants. Engines used are the Rotax 503 and Rotax 447 twin cylinder, two-stroke powerplants. The landing gear is cable-braced, which allows a folding design for ground transport or storage.
The Bison was later developed into the Cosmos Phase II, by adding larger seats, new landing gear shock absorbers and a redesigned engine mount to reduce vibration. In 2012 the Bison remained in production alongside the Phase II and Phase III, offering a simpler, lighter and less expensive two seater than the newer models.


Avioligure


USS Callaghan (DD-792)

USS "Callaghan" (DD-792), a "Fletcher"-class destroyer, was a ship of the United States Navy named for Rear Admiral Daniel J. Callaghan (1890–1942), who was killed in action in the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal and posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for heroism during the action.
"Callaghan" was launched 1 August 1943 by Bethlehem Shipbuilding, San Pedro, Calif.; sponsored by Mrs. D. J. Callaghan; commissioned 27 November 1943, Commander F. J. Johnson in command; and reported to the Pacific Fleet.
Service history.
"Callaghan" sailed from the West Coast 5 February 1944 to join the 5th Fleet in defending against air raids on the Palaus, Yap, Ulithi, and Woleai from 30 March to 1 April. Based on Manus in April, "Callaghan" supported the Hollandia operation as picket ship during air strikes and screening the valuable tankers.
From June to August 1944, "Callaghan" provided screen for escort carriers softening up, and later supporting the invasions of Saipan, Tinian, and Guam. At Saipan, "Callaghan"s guns joined in driving off a heavy Japanese air attack on 17 June, helping shoot down three enemy aircraft. was struck by a bomb in this attack, and "Callaghan" escorted the crippled escort carrier safely back to Eniwetok. Late in August "Callaghan" began operations as escort for air strikes on the Palaus, Mindanao, Luzon, and the Central Philippines in support of the invasion of the Palaus, a stepping stone to the Philippines.
With the invasion of the Philippines scheduled for mid-October 1944, "Callaghan" steamed in the screen of the carrier force conducting essential preliminary neutralization of Japanese airfields in Formosa and Okinawa. During a heavy enemy air attack on 14 October, "Callaghan" joined in downing several planes. Sailing on to stand guard off the invasion area on Leyte, "Callaghan"s force contributed air power in the decisive Battle for Leyte Gulf, helping to ensure that the Allied advance in the Philippines against the Japanese efforts to break up the landings. After pursuing the Japanese moving north, "Callaghan" returned to support the Philippine operations, with the 3rd Fleet, for air strikes on Luzon. En route on 3 November, was torpedoed, and "Callaghan" stood by to protect the stricken light cruiser until relief forces arrived, when "Callaghan" was able to rejoin her group for the strikes. Through December, she participated in more air strikes on the Central Philippines, and in January 1945, the destroyer sailed with the 3rd Fleet for air raids on Formosa, Luzon, Indo-China, Hong Kong, and the Nansei Shoto.
Through the following months, "Callaghan" operated at the same pace, screening carrier strikes shelling Iwo Jima, Okinawa, and the Tokyo area. "Callaghan" assisted in sinking a Japanese picket boat on 18 February, and on 3 March joined the bombardment of Parece Vela.
In late March 1945, "Callaghan" joined Task Force 54 (TF 54) at Ulithi, and from this base sailed for the bombardment preceding the invasion of Okinawa, where she made harassing fire ashore during the night of 26 March. This initiated prolonged fire support and screening duty in the dangerous waters off Okinawa during which, in addition to invaluable aid to the troops, "Callaghan" joined in the sinking of a Japanese midget submarine and shot down three dive bombers.
Fate.
Though the Allied forces had taken Okinawa by June 21, Japanese forces continued to skirmish. On 9 July 1945, "Callaghan" took station on the radar picket line, where on 29 July she drove off an attacking wood-and-fabric Yokosuka K5Y biplane. The aircraft survived the first approach because the proximity fuses were ineffective against its wooden fuselage. The plane, skimming low and undetected, crashed into "Callaghan" on the starboard side. It exploded and one of the aircraft's bombs penetrated the aft engine room. The destroyer flooded and the fires which ignited antiaircraft ammunition prevented nearby ships from rendering aid. "Callaghan" sank at 02:35, 29 July 1945, with the loss of 47 members of her crew. She was the last Allied ship sunk by a "kamikaze" attack during the war.
Awards.
"Callaghan" received eight battle stars for World War II service.


Helmut Mahlke

Helmut Adalbert Mahlke (27 August 1913 – 26 December 1998) was a highly decorated Oberstleutnant in the Luftwaffe during World War II, and a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, the highest award in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.


List of airlines of Albania

This is a list of airlines which have an air operator's certificate issued by the Civil Aviation Authority of Albania.


RAF Hibaldstow

Royal Air Force Hibaldstow or more simply RAF Hibaldstow is a former Royal Air Force satellite airfield located south of Hibaldstow in Lincolnshire and south east of Scunthorpe, Lincolnshire, England.
The airfield was built with greater things in mind, but it only became a satellite airfield for RAF Kirton-in-Lindsey in 1941. When the runways were constructed, some of the hardcore was made from material taken from demolished bungalows on the site.
History.
The airfield was commissioned on 12 May 1941 when No. 255 Squadron RAF took up residence with their Boulton Paul Defiant night fighters. These planes had been drawn from RAF Kirton-in-Lindsey and made one 'kill': an Heinkel He 111 which was shot down near Louth on 5 June 1941.
In June 1941 the Defiants were replaced by Bristol Beaufighter IIFs and on 23 September 1941 No. 253 (Hyderabad) Squadron from RAF Skeabrae, Orkney, arrived. In addition Douglas Havocs from RAF Hunsdon in Hunsdon, Hertfordshire also came to the base.
By the start of 1943, the high risk of night attacks by the Luftwaffe led to the closure of the airfield on 23 January 1943. It re-opened on 9 May 1943 for No. 53 Operational Training Unit RAF (OTU) and once again closed on 15 May 1945. Shortly before closure WAAF Margaret Horton had an 'unexpected ride on the tail of a Supermarine Spitfire' while acting as a tailweight: she was sitting on the tail of the plane, as was common practice, in order to stop it overturning while it taxied to the end of the runway, a hazard stemming from design drawbacks, strong wind and bouncy grass field. The pilot, anxious to be airborne, forgot about her and failed to stop to allow the WAAF to jump off the tail. As soon as the plane was in the air, the pilot realised that there was something very wrong with the handling of his aircraft. He radioed the control tower to report the problem. The emergency services were called out and the pilot talked back in without being told what had happened. The aircraft landed safely with Margaret Horton still in one piece.
On 6 August 1947 the station finally closed and during 1960-61 it was sold off for use as agricultural land. It was also used for Sunday markets, as a skid-pan by Lincolnshire Police and by a local parachute club. The control tower was converted to a two-storey house in 1976.
Hibaldstow Airfield.
The airfield was taken over in 1992 as a parachute centre and has run skydiving courses there continuously since this period. As one of the biggest civilian dropzones, they have become a regular host to the British National Championships.
Army cadet Stephen Hilder fell to his death at Hibaldstow airfield in July 2003, after the risers on parachutes had been cut. Although murder was initially suspected, an inquest returned an open verdict.


List of United States Marine Corps astronauts

This is a list of United States Marine Corps members who have served as NASA astronauts.
Project Mercury.
"Project Mercury" (1959–1963) was the first human spaceflight program of the United States. It ran from 1959 through 1963 with the goal of putting a human in orbit around the Earth. The Mercury-Atlas 6 flight on February 20, 1962, piloted by Lieutenant Colonel John Glenn, was the first Mercury flight to achieve this goal. Glenn was the only Marine to fly in the Mercury program, and also flew aboard the Space Shuttle "Discovery" in 1998. USAF astronaut Gordon Cooper was a former Marine, having previously served as an enlisted Infantryman before receiving his Air Force commission.
Apollo program.
The Apollo program was a NASA spaceflight endeavor that landed the first humans on the Earth's moon. It set major milestones in human spaceflight and stands alone in sending manned missions beyond low Earth orbit. The Apollo program ran from 1961 until 1975, and was the U.S. civilian space agency's third human spaceflight program (following Project Mercury and Project Gemini). The program used Apollo spacecraft and Saturn launch vehicles, which were later used for the Skylab program and the joint American-Soviet Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. U.S. Marines who were astronauts in the Apollo program are:
Space Shuttle program.
NASA's Space Shuttle, officially called the Space Transportation System (STS), was the United States government's manned launch vehicle until its retirement in 2011. The winged Space Shuttle orbiter was launched vertically, usually carrying five to seven astronauts (eight have been carried) and up to 50,000 lb (22 700 kg) of payload into low Earth orbit. When its mission is complete, the shuttle could independently move itself out of orbit and re-enter the Earth's atmosphere. U.S. Marines who have been astronauts in the Space Shuttle program are:


56th Air Refueling Squadron

The 56th Air Refueling Squadron is an active unit of the United States Air Force. It is part of the 97th Operations Group at Altus Air Force Base, Oklahoma. It operates Boeing KC-46 Pegasus aircraft, conducting initial and advanced aircrew training for air refueling operations.
The squadron was first activated in 1942 as the 56th Troop Carrier Squadron. After training in the United States, the squadron moved to the Southwest Pacific Theater, where it conducted combat airlift operations against the Japanese until the surrender of Japan. It moved to Japan and served as part of the occupation forces until inactivating in 1946.
History.
World War II.
The squadron was first activated 18 November 1942 as the 56th Troop Carrier Squadron at Bowman Field, KY. After training in the United States, the squadron moved to New Guinea, where it conducted tactical airlift in the Southwest Pacific Theater. The unit participated in the airborne assault on Nadzab, New Guinea, on 5 September 1943 during World War II. After the surrender of Japan, the squadron moved to Tachikawa Airfield, where it participated in the military occupation of Japan until inactivating in 1946.
Reserve operations and Korean War.
In August 1947, the squadron was activated at Greater Pittsburgh Airport as a reserve unit. It trained in the reserves until October 1950, when it was called to active duty for the Korean War. The squadron moved to Greenville Air Force Base and served on active duty until July 1952 when it was inactivated and its personnel and aircraft were transferred to the 18th Troop Carrier Squadron, which was simultaneously activated.
The same day it was inactivated at Greenville, the squadron returned to Pittsburgh and reserve service, where it assumed the mission, personnel and equipment of the 458th Troop Carrier Squadron, which was simultaneously inactivated. The squadron continued to train in the reserves until inactivating in 1957.
Airlift training.
In 1966, Military Air Transport Service (MATS) became Military Airlift Command and replaced its former Major Command Controlled (MAJCON or 4 digit) units with AFCON units. As part of this transformation, the 56th replaced the 1740th Air Transport Squadron at Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma in January 1966. The 1740th had been organized by MATS on 5 September 1951 as the 1740th Air Transport Squadron (Transition Training Unit) at McChord Air Force Base and was assigned to the 1705th Air Transport Wing. It moved to Palm Beach Air Force Base in July 1952 and to Tinker Air Force Base in March 1959 when MATS moved its training wing. At Tinker, the squadron provided training for aircrews in Douglas C-124 Globemaster II.
Redesignated 56 Military Airlift Squadron, Training, and activated on 27 Dec 1965. In January 1966, the 56th Military Airlift Squadron replaced the 1740th and continued to train Globemaster crews through 1968. With the arrival of the Air Force's first C-5 Galaxy on 17 December 1969, the 56th became the first operational C-5 squadron in the Air Force. It provided training and transition-flying training for aircrews in C-5 aircraft from 1969 to 2007. It also supported U.S. forces in Southeast Asia from April 1972 to December 1974.
The Squadron was re-designated as the 56th Airlift Squadron on 27 August 1991, becoming attached to the 97th Operations Group at Altus Air Force Base, Oklahoma. It operated Lockheed C-5 Galaxy aircraft, conducting initial and advanced aircrew training for airlift, airdrop and air refueling operations . The 56th Airlift Squadron was the Air Force's formal school for Lockheed C-5 Galaxy airland qualification training. The squadron transferred its C-5s in 2007, although it did not inactivate until September 2008.
The last C-5 Galaxy ("0462") "flewaway" from Altus on 20 July 2007. It was transferred to 167th Airlift Wing, West Virginia Air National Guard.
Air refueling training.
The Squadron was reactivated as the 56th Air Refueling Squadron on 1 August 2016 as the Air Force's Boeing KC-46A Pegasus formal training unit at Altus Air Force Base, Oklahoma, after eight years of dormancy. The Squadron received its first Boeing KC-46A Pegasus on 8 February 2019, followed by another two days later.
References.
Notes.
Explanatory notes
Footnotes


List of airlines of Pakistan


SLAF Wirawila


Ourches Aerodrome

Ourches Aerodrome, was a temporary World War I airfield in France. It was West-Northwest of the commune of Ourches-sur-Meuse, in the Meuse department in Lorraine in north-eastern France.
Overview.
The airfield was built by the French Army and turned over to the United States in the spring of 1918 as one of its main operating bases. It was one of the first airfields used by the Air Service, with 465th Aero (Construct.) arriving on 3 March 1918, together with by 639th Aero Squadron (Repair).
the 1st Aero Squadron arrived on 4 April 1918 from Amanty Aerodrome where it has been training at the I Corps Observation Group School; it started flying observation missions for the American I Corps, joining the I Corps Observation Group on 21 April, after this had been created a few days earlier at Chéhéry. 12th Aero Squadron and 88th Aero Squadron soon arrived to complete the Group's workforce. The Group was engaged in battlefield reconnaissance over the Toul and Luneville sectors until early July, when dispatched in the Marne-Aisne sector to counter the last German offensives.
During Spring 1918, Ourches became was a large and expansive Aerodrome with the capability of supporting three observation squadrons with numerous barracks, mess halls, administrative buildings and a large number of hangars and photo-processing facilities.
Once I Corps Observation Group had moved to Francheville Aerodrome in early July, the airfield was all for the nascent IV Corps Observation Group which had been created on 1 July, initially with the sole 90th Aero Squadron; this squadron had arrived from training at Amanty on 1 June, flying observation missions for the American IV Corps over Lorraine. It was completed by 135th Aero Squadron on 30 July, 24th Aero Squadron on 6 August (soon to join US First Army Air Service on 22 Aug), and 8th Aero Squadron on 31 August; the group performed the same battlefield reconnaissance missions as I Corps's Group had during the St. Mihiel Offensive, then moved closer to the lines at the end of September during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. The Groupe's HQ left for Ménil la Tour on 20 September 1918, with all squadrons gone by 30 September.
At the beginning of November, the new Second Army Air Service took over Ourches and the 2d Day Bombardment Group was created on the field on 1 November, planning to drive on Metz, with 100th Aero Squadron and 163d Aero Squadron. However, the 11 November Armistice ended combat and 2d Day Bombardment Group did not see any combat; it even did not go to Rhineland's occupation forces and was disbanded at Ourches on 15 April 1919.
The French dismantled the Aerodrome and the land was returned to agricultural use. Today it is a series of cultivated fields located northwest of Ourches-sur-meuse. The airfield was located to the east of the Départmental 144 (D144), with no indications of its wartime use.


Wilson George Leach

Major-General W.G. Leach CMM, CD, QHP (28 September 1923 – 12 February 2015) was the 26th Canadian Surgeon General.
Born in Chalk River, Ontario, Leach left high school in 1940, to work as a car-checker for the Canadian Pacific Railway Company. In 1942, he enlisted in the RCAF, "and was trained as a pilot." The following year he received his "wings and a commission as a Pilot Officer." In 1945, he married Mabel Kathleen Pudney, and was posted as "a flight instructor at various RCAF flying training stations", under the British Commonwealth Air Training Program.
After the war, Leach went back to high school, and in 1946, enrolled at the University of Western Ontario, rejoined the RCAF and obtained his medical degree in 1952. The following year, he completed post-graduate studies in biophysics, also at the University of Western Ontario.
From 1954 to 1966, Leach "was posted to the RCAF Institute of Aviation Medicine at Toronto, Ontario where he worked" in several departments, including the respiratory physiology section. In 1961, he "was promoted to Wing Commander...and appointed Officer Commanding the Flying Personnel Medical Establishment."
Leach was next posted in 1966, to the staff of the Surgeon General, as a Group Captain and Director of Medical Staffing and Training. In 1969, he attended the National Defence College course in Kingston, Ontario.
In 1970, "he was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General...and appointed Deputy Surgeon General (Operations)."
Leach was next promoted to Major-General in 1976, and appointed Surgeon General. He remained in that position until 1980 when he retired from the Canadian Forces.
Major-General Leach was awarded several honours such as the Trans-Canada McKee Trophy (in 1960), which he received for his research in high altitude physiology, and he was inducted into Canada's Aviation Hall of Fame (in 1974).
After retiring, Leach "became Associate Registrar of the Medical Council of Canada and then Registrar until retirement in 1987."
Major-General Leach died 12 February 2015 at the age of 92.


Fred Mathias

Frederick William Mathias MC (7 August 1898 – 19 April 1955) was a Welsh cricketer. Mathias was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off spin. He was born at Abercynon, Glamorgan, and was educated at Clifton College.
Mathias served during World War I with the Royal Flying Corps, entering service in 1916 with the temporary rank of 2nd Lieutenant. By 1918, he was a temporary Captain. It was in 1918 that he was awarded the Military Cross for "conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty". Mathias had flown in several successful engagements, doing considerable damage. He had also completed a number of successful reconnaissance flights. Following the war he was placed in the Welsh Regiment, relinquishing his appointment on 15 February 1920. After leaving the armed forced he attended Caius College, Cambridge.
Mathias made his first-class debut for Glamorgan against Nottinghamshire at Cardiff Arms Park in the 1922 County Championship. He made 27 further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Oxford University at the University Parks in 1930. In his 28 matches for Glamorgan, he scored 457 runs at an average of 11.14, with a high score of 58. This was his only half century for Glamorgan and came against Hampshire in 1929. He also made a single first-class appearance for Wales against Ireland in 1926 at Ormeau Cricket Ground, Belfast. Winning the toss and batting first, Ireland made 299 all out, during which Mathias bowled seven wicketless overs. Wales responded in their first-innings by making 455/8 declared, with Mathias scoring 65 runs before he was dismissed by Gustavus Kelly. Ireland were then dismissed in their second-innings for 266, with Mathias taking the wickets of Albert Anderson and Robert Bowers, to finish with figures of 2/23 from 7.1 overs. The match ended as a draw.
Outside of cricket he worked as a stockbroker, but also worked at Cardiff Docks. He died at Radyr, Glamorgan, on 19 April 1955. His granddaughter, Tania Mathias, became a member of parliament.


Sun Air (Sudan)

Sun Air is a private airline based in Khartoum, Sudan. It started its operations in June 2008 with a fleet of one Airbus A310-300 aircraft, and three Boeing 737-200 aircraft.
Sun Air presently operates scheduled domestic flights between Khartoum and Juba, Nyala, Port Sudan, Al-Fashir and Geneina. It also operates scheduled international flights between Khartoum and other cities in Africa and the Middle East.
Fleet.
The Sun Air fleet consists of the following aircraft ():


List of Afriqiyah Airways destinations

This is a list of current and former destinations of Afriqiyah Airways from Libya.
List.
Afriqiyah Airways operates to the following airports as of April 2019:


High-side guns pass


Bacha Khan International Airport

Bacha Khan International Airport , formerly known as Peshawar International Airport, is an international airport located in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Located in the southwestern end of the city of Peshawar, it is the fourth-busiest airport in Pakistan.
One of the main runways of the airport is crossed by a railway line known as the Khyber train safari, which runs to the town of Landi Kotal in the Khyber Pass for the express purpose of tourism. The airport was renamed on 27 January 2012 after Abdul Ghaffar Khan (nicknamed "Bacha Khan"), a prominent British Indian freedom fighter and later Pakistani Pashtun activist. The airport was extensively reconstructed from 2016 to 2018.
History.
Strategically situated in the heart of Peshawar, Bacha Khan International Airport is located approximately 180 km from Islamabad (federal capital of Pakistan) which makes it about a two hour drive from the capital via M-1 motorway. Since Peshawar is the capital of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, it provides world connections for the majority of the northwest region of the country and adjoining areas of Afghanistan. Since the province has a large Afghan Pashtun community residing within KPK, Afghanistan flights have always been on the rise.
The airport traces its origins to 1927 when there was a small airfield that catered to much of the British Empire and Imperial Airways aircraft that were either travelling onwards to the east (e.g. to China and Malaysia/Singapore) or west (e.g. Europe and America). For this reason the city was given the nickname "Gateway to the East" because it linked the traditional oriental culture to modern occidental traditions.
The airport gained importance after the independence of Pakistan from the British Raj; the Civil Aviation Authority of Pakistan (CAA) and the Pakistan Air Force started to use the airfield jointly for both military and civil operations. There were countless flights operated to and from Pakistan's largest city, Karachi, as well as other cities within the newly formed state.
The airport achieved international status in 1965 when the first flight was operated from Kabul, Afghanistan to Peshawar. The flight was operated by the national flag carrier, Pakistan International Airlines (PIA). As years went on the airport grew with more flights and aircraft and relative upgrade was carried out from time to time. It was not until 1981 that the CAA extended the terminal to meet future needs for the next decade and to meet the estimated growth of passengers. The apron was developed fully by 1986, where the airport was able to handle four widebody aircraft and two small narrow body aircraft at one time.
In January 2008 the provincial government met to discuss the expansion work needed to upgrade the quality of the aircraft in terms of facilities, terminal modernisation and cargo growth. In June 2008 the Deputy Director General of the CAA, Air Vice Marshal Sajid Habib, said that five billion rupees have been allocated to expand and develop Peshawar airport. Details of the work performed are ambiguous.
Structure.
Peshawar is a major passenger hub with 75% flights internationally bound. The airport is currently under evaluation to be upgraded. The CAA is currently working with the provincial government to develop the airport to meet international standards. The airport has some facilities to handle the basic needs of travellers, such as telephone booths (domestic/international), currency exchange, automatic teller machines (ATMs), Internet stations (powered by Wateen), information counters, gifts and souvenir shops, snack shops, rental car services, and a post office.
The runway is long, wide with shoulders on either side corresponding to International Civil Aviation Organisation Category 4E. It is crossed by a (rarely-operational) railway line, one of the few such runways in the world. Max capacity: Boeing 777-300ER.
There is nose-in parking for 4 wide-bodied aircraft at a time or 3 Airbus and 2 narrow-body aircraft at a time.
The airport has 2 air bridges which were constructed in 2018.


3rd Army Aviation Regiment (Ukraine)

The 3rd Army Aviation Regiment is an army aviation formation of the Ukrainian Ground Forces. The regiment is part of the 8th Army Corps.
History.
The regiment began its service as the 119th Separate Helicopter Regiment of the 13th Army. Later the Regiment was transferred to the 38th Army Corps. On August 26, 2004 the Regiment was reformed into a Brigade. In 2005 the Brigade was transferred to the 8th Army Corps.
Structure.
In 2004 Brigade consisted of 2 Squadron's flying Mi-24 and Mi-8 helicopters.


List of airlines of Suriname


Eckert Field Airport

Eckert Field Airport is a general aviation airport located 1 mi Northeast of Strathmore, California .
History.
During World War II, the airport was designated as Trauger Auxiliary Field (A-5)). It was used by the United States Army Air Forces as an auxiliary training airfield for the flying school at Rankin Field, California.


452d Air Refueling Wing


Amanty Airdrome

Amanty Airdrome was a temporary World War I airfield in France. It was located northwest of Amanty, in the Meuse department in the Lorraine region in northeastern France (48.527383,5.598371).
History.
The airfield was set up early 1917, with French escadrille C 4 (observation for 2nd Army Corps/French Second Army) arriving on 6 March, and staying until 2 April. The field then fell asleep until escadrille C 43 showed up on 19 Oct, teamed with the 1st Aero Squadron. Later on 14 December, they were joined by the ground personnel of 91st Aero Squadron (their pilots still training in Issoudun – they would arrive in March 1918).
The I Corps Observation Group School was organized early January 1918 on the field, the ground troops of 91st Squadron certainly used for construction works; the airfield was officially transferred to the Air Service, United States Army on February. As with most temporary airfields during World War I, it was set up quickly on existing farmer's fields which was used as an all-way airfield for aircraft takeoffs and landings. Canvas and metal tubing type hangars were erected for aircraft maintenance, and wooden buildings were set up for barracks, operations, maintenance and other station needs. 477th Aero Squadron (Construct.) stayed 12 Jun - 1 August 1918 to improve the camouflage of the installations.
The I Corps Observation Group School trained pilots and observers for aerial observation and photography. 1st Aero Squadron left on 4 April, and 91st Aero Squadron on 24 May. Thereafter, Aero Squadrons trained at the airfield were:
After completion of training, the squadrons then were assigned to one of the American Army Corps Observation Groups, mainly for battlefield reconnaissance and observation duties.
A few Squadrons flew operational missions from the field:
Beginning in September 1918, the 1st Day Bombardment Group moved to Amanty and began combat operations during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive.
With the advance of Allied forces, the group moved up to Maulan Aerodrome to be closer to the line, and Amanty was unused by flying units. After the Armistice with Germany on 11 November 1918, the First Army Air Service remained in place until it was ordered demobilized in April 1919. Afterwards Amanty Airdrome was dismantled, and the airfield was returned to the local farmers for agricultural use. Today little or no traces of it remain.


Lang Propellers

Lang Propellers was a British company that manufactured aircraft propellers. The company operated independently from 1913 to 1936.
History.
In 1909 Arthur Alexander Dashwood Lang became interested in aircraft propeller design and made some propellers in his own name. Lang developed and patented processes covering the tips of propeller blades with copper or fabric. These were used for example on Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2C aircraft. In 1910 he went to work for the British & Colonial Aeroplane Company (later the Bristol Aircraft Co.) as manager of the propeller shop. He left in 1912 and set up in partnership with David Garnett at the Riverside Works Weybridge, Surrey.The company was called Lang, Garnett & Co. This enterprise lasted a matter of months before Garnett left the firm. Lang established the Lang Propeller company in 1913 and continued to use the "Riverside Works." These premises were later used by The Airscrew Company to manufacture propellers and associated components. At its peak the company supplied wooden propellers to nearly every aeroplane company in England.
In April 1936 the Aeronautical Corporation of Great Britain, Ltd was incorporated. The new company was formed to acquire the assets of companies involved in the UK production of the Aeronca aircraft, and to acquire from Lang Propellers Ltd., the whole of its assets. These comprised rights under British Patents relating to machines for shaping airscrew blades applied for by Lang. The new company bought a factory at Walton near Peterborough that had been built during the first world war for Frederick Sage & Company for aircraft production.
Lang USA.
The Lang Propeller Company of America Inc. was established as a Manhattan corporation with a capital of $45,000, with Lang, L.L. Montant and E.N. Bush as Directors in August 1917. Dashwood Lang had just sold his UK company to the Sopwith Aircraft company and this was a new enterprise. The US Navy contracted Lang to supply them with propellers and paid for the construction of a factory at Whitestone on Long Island. By late 1917 the company name was changed to Lang Products Co. Prior to the factory being completed Lang subcontracted the manufacture of his designs to local US and Canadian producers.
Arthur Alexander Dashwood Lang.
Lang formed another company A. D. Lang Ltd. In 1921 it was described as being general manufacturers, buying and selling agents, printers, lithographers, manufacturers of chemicals with offices at 4, Vigo Street, London W1.
In addition to his work in developing propellers and associated equipment, Lang found time in 1923 to patent a wheel for vehicles.
In 1936 Lang joined the Board of Hordern-Richmond, another British company that was closely involved in the development and production of airscrews and propellers.


Charles E. Rosendahl

Charles Emery Rosendahl (May 15, 1892 – May 17, 1977) was a highly decorated Vice Admiral in the United States Navy, and an advocate of lighter-than-air flight.
Biography.
Early career.
Rosendahl was born in Chicago, Illinois, although his family subsequently relocated to Kansas and Texas and, in 1910, he was appointed to the Naval Academy from the latter state and was later commissioned in the rank of ensign in June 1914, upon graduation from the Academy, he was ordered to join the armored cruiser off Mexico during the Veracruz crisis. After "West Virginia" was decommissioned he served briefly on the battleship and the protected cruiser , before reporting for duty aboard the protected cruiser on May 14, 1915. On September 15, 1916 he returned to the recommissioned "West Virginia", which was subsequently renamed the "Huntington". On June 19, 1917 he received promotion to lieutenant (j.g), and to full lieutenant on August 31, 1918, having served aboard the "Huntington" escorting convoys of troops and supplies to Europe during World War I.
From June 6, 1918 Rosendahl served as an Engineering Officer, putting the new destroyer into commission. On July 30, 1919 he was ordered to the Pacific Coast for further duty, first serving on the cruiser as Gunnery Officer, and receiving promotion to lieutenant commander on January 27, 1920. In August he began fitting out new destroyers, commissioning, and delivering them to the Fleet; they included the , , , and . On July 11, 1921 Rosendahl assumed command of the destroyer , before being ordered to duty at the Naval Academy as instructor in Department of Electrical Engineering and Physics in September.
Move to airships.
When the Navy's Bureau of Navigation circulated a letter asking for volunteers for rigid airship duty, Rosendahl volunteered. He reported to Naval Air Station Lakehurst, New Jersey, to be trained in airship operation on April 7, 1923. Designated a Naval Aviator in November 1924, Rosendahl served on the dirigible as mooring officer and navigator. Promoted to lieutenant commander on January 5, 1925, he distinguished himself by successfully bringing the bow section of the shattered airship safely to earth after she broke up in the air on September 3, 1925 over Noble County, Ohio. For this action he was later awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross.
From March 9, 1926 he served as executive officer, and then as commanding officer from May 10, of the dirigible , making numerous flights for crew training, radio compass station calibration and flight tests for National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). "Los Angeles" also took part in the searches for Nungesser and Coli's aircraft "The White Bird", and Frances Wilson Grayson's "Dawn", both of which went missing during attempts on trans-Atlantic flights.
In January 1928 Rosendahl flew "Los Angeles" out to sea off Newport, Rhode Island, to rendezvous with the aircraft carrier and moored to the ship's stern to take on fuel and stores. Further experimental flights were undertaken, mooring to the airship tender during long-range flights.
In July 1928 Rosendahl traveled to Britain to observe their airship activities, and then to Germany for the trials of the airship . In October he was an observer aboard the "Graf" as she made her first Atlantic crossing from Friedrichshafen to Lakehurst.
On May 9, 1929 he was relieved as Commanding Officer of "Los Angeles" and assumed duty as the Commander of the Rigid Airship Training and Experimental Squadron at NAS Lakehurst. In August he was aboard the "Graf Zeppelin"s "Round the World" flight as observer and watch officer. On 27 June 1930 Rosendahl was assigned to the Bureau of Aeronautics, in Washington, D.C., and from October 21, 1931 to June 23, 1932 commanded the new dirigible , during which time experiments in the role as an airborne aircraft carrier were tried. Between July 1932 and June 1934 Rosendahl served at sea on board the battleship and heavy cruiser .
On June 11, 1934 he assumed command at NAS Lakehurst, and was promoted to commander on 1 February 1935. Rosendahl served as an official observer on the German airship , on transatlantic flights between Frankfurt and Rio de Janeiro in August–September 1936. He was in command at Lakehurst on the night of May 6, 1937 and witnessed the destruction of the "Hindenburg", leading fire fighting and rescue efforts. He later testified at the Department of Commerce Inquiry into the accident and stated:
On August 6, 1938 he was relieved of command of NAS Lakehurst, and on August 31, he reported to Pearl Harbor to serve as Executive Officer of the light cruiser .
On May 23, 1940 he was assigned to the office of the Secretary of the Navy for duty in airship evaluations, and was promoted to the rank of captain on July 13. In September he became the senior member of the Board created to investigate sites for new airship stations. On February 25, 1941 he was detached from that duty to serve in the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy, and then on April 23, 1942 to the office of Chief of Naval Operations, under the Director of Fleet Training, for airship training and base selection.
World War II.
On September 6, 1942 Rosendahl took command of the heavy cruiser . The ship was torpedoed during the Battle of Tassafaronga, off Guadalcanal, on November 30, 1942, losing of her bows and had three of four boilers knocked out. Rosendahl kept her afloat and reached the safety of Tulagi. For this action he was subsequently awarded the Navy Cross. On May 15, he returned to NAS Lakehurst and assumed duty as the Chief of Naval Airship Training Command, receiving promotion to rear admiral on May 26, 1943. This service lasted through World War II, until he retired on November 1, 1946. He was advanced to the rank of vice admiral on the same day.
Post-Navy activities.
Between 1947 and 1952 Rosendahl was an aeronautical consultant and a Vice-President of the Flettner Aircraft Corporation, New York. In 1953 he was appointed Executive Director of the National Air Transport Coordinating Committee, a group set up to study air transport problems in the greater New York area after three crashes in Elizabeth, New Jersey, during 1952.
Rosendahl retired to Toms River, New Jersey, in 1960 to write and to organize the Lighter-Than-Air Museum Association at Lakehurst. The Navy conditionally deeded land to the LTA Museum Association, but because the group was unsuccessful in raising funds, the land reverted to NAS Lakehurst.
The United States Navy ended airship operations in August 1962. Rosendahl was aboard the N class blimp "ZPG-3W" on the final flight.
Rosendahl died on May 17, 1977 at the Naval Hospital Philadelphia.
Personal life.
On June 30, 1932 he met Jean Wilson on a train en route to Los Angeles, California. They were married on December 22, 1934.
Publications.
Rosendahl published several books, as well as numerous scientific and popular articles about airships.
His collected papers are held by the University of Texas at Dallas. These include notes for an unpublished study of the attack on Pearl Harbor written with the assistance of Vice Admiral Ryūnosuke Kusaka, who Rosendahl had first met and befriended on the "Graf Zeppelin" circumnavigation in 1929.
Memberships.
Rosendahl was a member of the following organizations:
Honors and awards.
Civilian.
Rosendahl was the recipient of numerous honors:
He also received two honorary degrees:
Military decorations.
Here is the ribbon bar of Vice admiral Charles E. Rosendahl:
In popular culture.
Rosendahl appears in the pilot episode of the NBC series "Timeless", where he is portrayed by Kurt Max Runte.


List of airlines of the United States

This is a list of airlines which have an air operator's certificate issued by the Federal Aviation Administration of the United States.
Note: Destinations in bold indicate primary hubs, those in "italic" indicate secondary hubs, and those with regular font indicate focus cities. For legacy carriers American, Delta, and United, the three largest hubs by passenger volume are shown as Primary Hubs.


Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport

Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport is an international airport serving Kano, the capital city of Kano State of Nigeria. It was a Royal Air Force station before the country became independent. It is the main airport serving northern Nigeria and was named after politician Aminu Kano. The airport has an international and a domestic terminal. Construction started on a new domestic terminal and was commissioned on 23 May 2011. In 2009, the airport handled 323,482 passengers. The bulk of international flights cater to the large Lebanese community in Kano and Muslim pilgrimages to Mecca.
History.
Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport is the oldest in Nigeria and the first aircraft landed in Nigeria was landed in Kano in 1922, with operations starting in 1936. In the first decades of operation, it became an important fuel stop for airlines flying long-haul services between Europe and Africa. Newer aircraft did not need such fuel stops and, with the demise of the Kano economy in the late 20th century, many international airlines stopped serving the airport. When they indefinitely suspended services to Kano in June 2012, KLM was the only European airline serving Kano, which they had done without interruption since 1947.
Facilities.
The airport serves civilian and military flights. Runway 06/24 is mainly used for civilian flights, while runway 05/23 primarily serves the Nigerian Air Force base at the south side of the airport. Runway 05/23 was in use for all operations when the main runway was rehabilitated in the beginning of the 21st century. The terminal facilities lie between the two runways.
The Kano VOR-DME (ident: KAN) and non-directional beacons (idents: KO and AO) are located on the field.
The main terminal with the control tower serves international flights and domestic services operated by Arik Air. Facilities in the departure lounge are minimal, with a newsstand near the check-in counter and a small bar at airside. There is a small VIP lounge for business class passengers. Duty-free shops are currently closed. There is a small bar and a post office in the arrivals hall. On the south side of the airport, along runway 06/24, is the domestic terminal currently serving operations of IRS Airlines. Facilities include a newsstand and small bar. Construction of a new domestic terminal, adjacent to the main terminal building, started in the beginning of the 21st century. Construction was abandoned but was resumed. The operator of the airport, Federal Airports Authority Nigeria (FAAN), saw the completion of the new terminal in November 2009. It was commissioned on May 2011.
Statistics.
These data show number of passengers movements into the airport, according to the Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria's Aviation Sector Summary Reports.


SLAF Katunayake


Wilbur Ravel Kimball

Wilbur Ravel Kimball (January 28, 1863 – July 30, 1940) was an early aviator and pioneer of helicopter design. He was a member of the Aeronautic Society in New York City. He was also a member of the Early Birds of Aviation.
Biography.
He was born on January 28, 1863 in Woburn, Massachusetts to Maria and Wilbur F. Kimball. He married Elizabeth Norton Gurney of Brockton, Massachusetts.
He died on July 30, 1940 at St. Luke's Hospital in Manhattan, age 77. He was buried in Woodbrook Cemetery in Woburn, Massachusetts.


Long Lake Seaplane Base (Sinclair, Maine)

Long Lake Seaplane Base is a privately owned, public use seaplane base on Long Lake in Aroostook County, Maine, United States. It is located at the Long Lake Sporting Club, three nautical miles (6 km) northeast of the central business district of Sinclair, Maine.
Facilities and aircraft.
Long Lake Seaplane Base has two seaplane landing areas on the water: 15/33 is 25,000 by 4,000 feet (7,620 x 1,219 m) and 7/25 is 15,800 by 2,640 feet (4,816 x 805 m). For the 12-month period ending August 13, 2009, the airport had 25 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 2 per month.


Friday Harbor Seaplane Base

Friday Harbor Seaplane Base is a public use seaplane base located adjacent to Friday Harbor, on San Juan Island in San Juan County, Washington, United States. It is owned by the Port of Friday Harbor.
Facilities and aircraft.
Friday Harbor Seaplane Base has two seaplane landing areas: 3/21 is 10,000 by 2,000 feet (3,048 x 610 m) and 12/30 is 6,000 by 1,000 feet (1,829 x 305 m).
For the 12-month period ending May 31, 2009, the airport had 8,600 aircraft operations, an average of 23 per day: 53.5% were air taxi flights and 46.5% general aviation.


List of defunct airlines of Iceland

This is a list of now defunct airlines of Iceland.


Air 2000 Canada


Naval Air Station Bunker Hill


Barron Field

Barron Field (Camp Taliaferro Field #2) is a former World War I military airfield, located West-southwest of Everman, Texas. It operated as a training field for the Air Service, United States Army between 1917 until 1921. It was one of thirty-two Air Service training camps established after the United States entry into World War I in April 1917.
After the United States' entry into World War I in April 1917, General John J. "Blackjack" Pershing invited the British Royal Flying Corps to establish training fields in Texas for the training of American and Canadians volunteers because of its mild weather. After looking at sites in Dallas, Fort Worth, Waco, Austin, Wichita Falls and Midland, three sites were established in 1917 in the Fort Worth vicinity (known as the "Flying Triangle."), those being Hicks Field (#1), Barron Field (#2), and Benbrook Field (#3).
Canadians named the training complex Camp Taliaferro after Walter Taliaferro, a US aviator who had been killed in an accident. Camp Taliaferro was headquartered under the direction of the Air Service, United States Army, which had an administration center near what is now the Will Rodgers Memorial Center in Fort Worth, Texas.
History.
Taliafero Field No. 2 was used by the Royal Flying Corps from October 1917 to April 1918 as a training field for American and Canadian pilots. It was then turned over to the Air Service, United States Army. The Americans renamed the field Barron Field after Cadet R. J. Barron, who was drowned at Chandler Field, Pennsylvania on 22 August 1917 when the airplane he was flying fell into the water.
World War I.
Construction on Taliaferro Field #2 began in September 1917, with the first trainees arriving in November to a very crude facility. Most structures were unfinished and personnel lived and worked in canvas tents. It was taken over by the United States Army in February 1918 and renamed Barron Field on 1 May for Cadet Robert J. Barron, on 1 May 1918 who was killed at another flying school.
The Curtiss JN-4 "Jenny" became the primary aircraft used for flight training after the Army takeover. Eventually, the base expanded to 600 acres, housing as many as 150 officers and 900 enlisted men. Barron Field saw flight training and daredevil stunting by the likes of Ormer Locklear, and other pioneer barnstorming pilots, sending six squadrons of pilots to France before the war ended in November 1918.
Squadrons assigned to Barron Field:
Service Squadrons trained at Barron Field:
After the war ended, the base was closed in April 1919 and was used as an Army storage depot. Military use ended in 1921, and the facility was eventually dismantled and returned to farmland. Over the years, the southern suburbs of Fort Worth have expanded over the area, the airfield now is indistinguishable from the urbanized area. Barron Field was located south of Everman Parkway and west of Oak Grove Road. One small building, used for munitions, has survived, and today a Texas historical marker is located at the site on the west side of Oak Grove Road.


Henrique Dumont

Henrique Honoré Dumont (Diamantina, July 20, 1832 – Rio de Janeiro, August 30, 1892) was an engineer, Brazilian coffee farmer and father of Alberto Santos Dumont. A son of French immigrants, he is considered one of the three kings of the coffee of his time, introducing modern methods to coffee farming.
Biography.
Henrique Dumont's parents came from France. His mother, Eufásia Honoré, the daughter of a goldsmith, married his father, François Dumont. Eufásia's father convinced François to move to Brazil in search of precious stones, which would feed his industry. But after the discovery of diamonds in South Africa, prices fell, and François fell ill and died in 1842. In Brazil the couple had three children, the second being Henrique.
Helped by his godfather, he graduated as an engineer from the "École centrale des arts et manufactures" in Paris at the age of 21. Dumont returned to Brazil and began to render services to the city of Ouro Preto. Dumont and his wife Francisca Santos, daughter of Francisco da Paula Santos, were married on September 6, 1856, in the , in Ouro Preto.
In 1871, Henrique, under contract with Joaquim Saldanha Marinho, built a steamboat, launched into the São Francisco River by Emperor Dom Pedro II.
In 1872, during the reign of Pedro II, Dumont was commissioned to construct a section of the Central Railroad of Brazil in Minas Gerais, on the ascent of the Mantiqueira Mountains. With the construction site fixed in the locality of Cabangu, the family settled in a nearby farm; here, on July 20, 1873 (Henrique's 41st birthday), his son, Alberto Santos Dumont, was born.
When the railroad was completed, Henrique Dumont decided to dedicate himself to the cultivation of coffee. He left Minas Gerais and went to the municipality of Valença, in Rio de Janeiro; in this region, his son Alberto was baptized in 1877 in the parish of Santa Tereza, current municipality of Rio das Flores.
Searching for more suitable land for coffee growing, Dumont moved to Ribeirão Preto, in São Paulo, and settled in the Fazenda Arindeuva. By applying his knowledge of engineering, Dumont was able to stimulate production at his new farm through a series of innovations, making it into the most modern farm in South America, with five million coffee trees, 96 kilometers of railroads and seven locomotives.
In 1883, an extension of the Mogiana Railroad to Ribeirão Preto was inaugurated, obtained by demand of Henrique Dumont ; this extension was fundamental for the flow of production and for the development of the region, bringing hundreds of immigrants, mainly Italians, who soon replaced the slave labor force. In 1857 Henrique formed the largest coffee farm in Brazil, with 5.7 million plants and on October 10, 1888 Henrique signed a contract to connect his farm to the railroad, building 100 km of tracks.
He helped create the first gasoline car along with Henry Ford.
Last years.
In December 1890, Dumont fell from a cart on one of his farms breaking his arm and hitting his head, leaving him hemiplegic. Later, in 1891, as a result of the treatment, he sold his farms and left for Europe with his family. In France he sought the best medical treatment, but returned to Brazil on November 21, 1891 with a 2.5 HP Peugeot, the first gasoline-powered car in Brazil.
In 1891, shortly before his death, Henrique emancipated his minor children and gave each one his share in the inheritance. To his son Alberto Santos Dumont, in February 12, 1892, he said " I prefer you not to become a doctor; the future of the world is in mechanics.". He tried to return to France due to his deteriorating health, but died on August 30 of 1892, at the age of 60, in the city of Rio de Janeiro..


Boland brothers

Frank Edward Boland (July 31, 1873 – January 3, 1913), James Paul Boland (August 20, 1882 – December 19, 1967) and Joseph John Boland (May 27, 1879 – September 12, 1964) were early aircraft designers from Rahway, New Jersey who started the Boland Airplane and Motor Company.
Biographies.
They were the children of James Francis Boland (1834–1913) and Catherine Julia Kavanaugh (1843–1925).
They had set records for bicycle racing in 1898.
In 1904, Frank and Joseph, started a business servicing bicycles, motorcycles, and automobiles in Rahway.
Frank Boland was killed in on January 23, 1913 during an exhibition flight in Trinidad. They worked with tailless aircraft that were early predecessors of flying wings. A scale model of their plane is in the Smithsonian.
In 1914, the Aeromarine Plane and Motor Company of Avondale, New Jersey, took over the manufacturing rights of all Boland airplanes and engines.
Legacy.
E.T. Wooldridge writes: "The Boland brothers were a relatively small, but extraordinary, part of early aviation history in the United States. Frank supplied the enthusiasm, ingenuity, and self-taught flying ability; Joseph provided the mechanical genius to transform ideas into some tangible, workable form; and James had the business sense so often lacking in ventures of that sort."
During the 1997-1998 and 1998-1999 contest years, the Boland Brothers team, composed of a great-grand-nephew and great-great-grandnephew of the Boland brothers, competed in the National Association of Rocketry at the regional and national levels, setting no fewer than two US model rocket performance records, and finishing in third place overall for the 1998-1999 season.


List of aircraft shootdowns

This is a list of aircraft shootdowns, dogfights and other incidents during wars since World War II. An aircraft shootdown occurs when an aircraft is struck by a projectile launched or fired from another aircraft or from the ground (see anti-aircraft warfare) which causes the targeted aircraft to lose its ability to continue flying, and subsequently crash, often resulting in the death of the occupants on board.
Military aircraft.
Iraq War (2003–2011).
Shootdowns in 2003
Shootdowns in 2004
Shootdowns in 2005
Shootdowns in 2006
Shootdowns in 2007
Shootdowns in 2008
Civilian aircraft.
Ethiopian Civil War (1974-1991).
10 May 1988(2)- An Admas Air Service Cessna 210 Centurion and an Admas Air Service Cessna 206 were destroyed by rebel small arms fire.
Salvadoran Civil War (1979-1992).
5 December 1979(6)- An Fuerza Populares de Liberación attack on a private airstrip destroyed Six agricultural airplanes and helicopters.
20 January 1984- A Cessna 206 hit a mine at San Miguel Airport killing two people.
Somali Civil War (1991-Present).
April 1998- A private Cessna delivering khat was attacked then crashed.
28 January 2001- A private light aircraft delivering khat was hit with and RPG and crashed.
4 May 2020- An Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia was shot down in a friendly fire incident by Ethiopian force, the aircraft craft killing six on board.


Transwisata Prima Aviation

Transwisata Prima Aviation is an airline based in Indonesia. It operates charter services. Transwisata Prima Aviation is listed in category 2 by Indonesian Civil Aviation Authority for airline safety quality.
Safety.
In March 2007 the Indonesian transport ministry, under huge political pressure to improve air safety in Indonesia, warned it will close seven airlines unless they improve training and maintenance safety within the next three months. The ministry developed a formula for ranking the airlines in three bands. Those in the third (least safe) band are: Adam Air, Batavia Air, Jatayu Airlines, Kartika Airlines, Manunggal Air Services, Transwisata Prima Aviation and Tri-MG Intra Asia Airlines.
Fleet.
The Transwisata Air fleet consists of the following aircraft (as of September 2020):
In 2007 the Transwisata Prima Aviation fleet included the following aircraft:


JB-2 Loon