RAF Perranporth

RAF Perranporth was an RAF airfield situated near Perranporth, Cornwall, in the United Kingdom.
History.
The 330 acre (134 hectares) airfield was built as an RAF Supermarine Spitfire station in World War II in 1941 and is situated on Cligga cliffs in the north of Cornwall.
Rare 1942 film footage of RAF pilots and Spitfires at RAF Perranporth is shown on the BBC website.
Current use.
The airfield was later converted to civilian use as Perranporth Airfield; it currently has three hard surface runways and two grass strips.


SLAF Hingurakgoda


Amaala International Airport

Amaala International Airport is an international airport, designed by Sir Norman Foster, in an ultra-luxury resort located along the western coast of Saudi Arabia, between Neom and Red Sea Project. The airport is due completion by 2023, and it will accommodate around 1 million travellers per year. Inspired by the optical illusion of a desert mirage, the airport draws it inspiration from the natural environment of where it exists.


Kenneth Sanborn

Kenneth Noble "Ken" Sanborn (November 14, 1926 – November 20, 2018) was a Michigan politician and judge best known for successfully defending his friend Milo Radulovich against charges of communism in 1953, pro bono. The case was a major factor in helping turn public opinion in the United States against McCarthyism.
Early life.
On November 14, 1926, Sanborn was born in Detroit, Michigan. Sanborn attended McKenzie High School in Detroit, Michigan.
Sanborn has resided in Mount Clemens, Michigan, for most of his life.
Education.
Sanborn attended Michigan State University.
In 1949, Sanborn earned a LL.B. degree from University of Detroit College of Arts and Science and the Law School.
Career.
After World War II, Sanborn served in the U.S. Air Force.
In 1953, at age 26, Sanborn and Charles C. Lockwood were lawyers who represented Milo Radulovich pro bono in his fight against the U.S. Air Force. Milo Radulovich was accused of being a security risk for maintaining a "close and continuing relationship" with his father and sister, who were accused of Communist sympathies. Milo Radulovich's commission was reinstated by the U.S. Air Force.
He served as Clinton Township's Justice of the Peace from 1951 to 1956.
On November 6, 1956, Sanborn won the election and became a Republican member of Michigan House of Representatives for District 3, which represented Macomb County, Michigan. Sanborn was sworn in on January 9, 1957 and served until December 1958.
Sanborn served as Clinton Township Supervisor, from 1959 to 1961, and held office as the trustee and chairman of Macomb Community College until 1968.
In 1972, Sanborn became a probate judge in Mount Clemens, and then in 1978 was promoted to circuit judge for Michigan's 16th Circuit Court.
Sanborn served as circuit judge until 1990, when he retired and became a visiting judge for Macomb County.
Sanborn's role in the Radulovich trial is highlighted in the book, "To Strike at a King".
Personal life.
Sanborn's wife is Lois Sanborn (Leidel). They had four children, Christine, Janice, Mark, and Alan.
On November 20, 2018, Sanborn died of congestive heart failure at home in Macomb Township, Michigan. Sanborn was 92 years old.


Mainair Rapier

The Mainair Rapier is a British flying wing ultralight trike that was designed and produced by Mainair Sports and later P&M Aviation. The aircraft was supplied as a completed aircraft or as a kit for amateur construction, followed by a factory inspection prior to flight.
Design and development.
The aircraft was designed as a lower-cost touring trike than the Mainair Blade. It complies with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category, including the category's maximum gross weight of and is certified to UK BCAR Section "S". The aircraft has a maximum gross weight of . It features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a two-seats-in-tandem, open cockpit, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.
The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminium tubing, with its double-surface wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its span wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame control bar. The occupants are accommodated in tandem seating, with a fibreglass cockpit fairing that includes a small windshield. To keep costs down, the factory supplied engine was the Rotax 503 twin cylinder, two-stroke, air cooled powerplant. The twin cylinder, two-stroke, liquid cooled Rotax 582 was an available option.


Thomas Selfridge

Thomas Etholen Selfridge (February 8, 1882 – September 17, 1908) was a first lieutenant in the U.S. Army and the first person to die in an airplane crash. He was also the first active-duty member of the U.S. military to die in a crash while on duty. He was killed while seated as a passenger in the Wright Flyer, on a demonstration flight piloted by Orville Wright.
Biography.
Selfridge was born on February 8, 1882, in San Francisco, California. He was the grandson of Rear Admiral Thomas Oliver Selfridge Sr. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1903 and received his commission in the Artillery Corps. He was 31st in a class of 96; Douglas MacArthur was first. In 1907, when the Artillery Corps was separated into the Field Artillery and Coast Artillery Corps, Selfridge was assigned to the 5th Field Artillery Regiment and the following year to the 1st Field Artillery Regiment.
Selfridge was stationed at the Presidio during the great San Francisco earthquake of April 18, 1906. His unit participated in search and rescue as well as cleanup operations. In 1907, he was assigned to the Aeronautical Division, U.S. Signal Corps at Fort Myer, Virginia, where he was later instructed in flying a dirigible. He was also the United States government representative to the Aerial Experiment Association, which was chaired by Alexander Graham Bell, and he became its first secretary.
Selfridge took his first flight on December 6, 1907, on Bell's tetrahedral kite, the "Cygnet", made of 3,393 winged cells. It took him 168 feet in the air above Bras d'Or Lake in Nova Scotia, Canada, and flew for seven minutes. This was the first recorded passenger flight of any heavier-than-air craft in Canada. He also flew a craft built by a Canadian engineer, Frederick W. Baldwin, which flew three feet off the ground for a distance of about 100 feet.
Selfridge designed "Red Wing", the Aerial Experiment Association's first powered aircraft. On March 12, 1908, the "Red Wing", piloted by Frederick W. Baldwin, raced over the frozen surface of Keuka Lake near Hammondsport, New York, on runners and managed to fly 318 feet, 11 inches, before crashing. "Red Wing" was destroyed in a crash on its second flight on March 17, 1908, and only the engine could be salvaged.
On May 19, 1908, Selfridge became the first US military officer to pilot a modern aircraft when he flew solo in AEA's newest craft, "White Wing", traveling 100 feet on his first attempt and 200 feet on his second. Between May 19 and August 3, he made several flights at Hammondsport, culminating in a flight of one minute and thirty seconds at a height of 75 feet. The next day his final solo flight of fifty seconds covered a distance of 800 yards. Although not fully trained as a pilot, Selfridge was nevertheless the first U.S. military officer to fly any airplane unaccompanied.
In August 1908, Selfridge was one of three pilots trained to fly the Army Dirigible Number One, purchased by the US Army from Thomas Scott Baldwin in July 1908; his training partners were Lieutenants Frank P. Lahm and Benjamin Foulois. The dirigible was scheduled to fly from Fort Omaha, Nebraska, to exhibitions at the Missouri State Fair in Sedalia, Missouri, piloted by Foulois and Selfridge. However, the Army had tentatively agreed to purchase an airplane from the Wright Brothers and had scheduled the acceptance trials in September. Selfridge, with an interest in both heavier-than-air and lighter-than-air ships, obtained an appointment and traveled to Fort Myer, Virginia.
Death.
In September 1908, Orville Wright visited Fort Myer to demonstrate the 1908 Wright Military Flyer for the US Army Signal Corps division. On September 17, Selfridge arranged to be his passenger and Wright piloted the craft. On this occasion, the Flyer was carrying more weight than it had ever done before; the combined weight of the two men was approximately 320 lbs.
The Flyer circled Fort Myer 4½ times at a height of 150 feet. Halfway through the fifth circuit, at 5:14 in the afternoon, the right-hand propeller broke, losing thrust. This set up a vibration, causing the split propeller to hit a guy-wire bracing the rear vertical rudder. The wire tore out of its fastening and shattered the propeller; the rudder swivelled to the horizontal and sent the Flyer into a nose-dive. Wright shut off the engine and managed to glide to about 75 feet, but the craft hit the ground nose-first. Both men were thrown forward against the remaining wires and Selfridge struck one of the wooden uprights of the framework, fracturing the base of his skull. He underwent neurosurgery but died three hours later without regaining consciousness. Wright suffered severe injuries, including a broken left thigh, several broken ribs, and a damaged hip, and was hospitalized for seven weeks.
Orville Wright later described the fatal accident in a letter to his brother, Wilbur Wright:
Two photographs taken of the Flyer just prior to the flight, show that Selfridge was not wearing any headgear, while Wright was only wearing a cap. Following the crash, due to speculation that Selfridge would have survived had he worn headgear, first pilots of the US Army were instructed to wear large heavy headgear reminiscent of early football helmets.
Thomas Selfridge was buried in Arlington National Cemetery in Section 3 Gravesite 2158, adjacent to Fort Myer.
Legacy.
Selfridge Air National Guard Base is named after him. The base is located in Harrison Township, Michigan, near Mt. Clemens, 22 miles NNE of Downtown Detroit, Michigan (from the US Port of Entry at the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel).
Though buried in Arlington National Cemetery, Selfridge is memorialized by a large cenotaph in Section XXXIV of West Point Cemetery.
The damaged propeller of the Wright Flyer wrecked at Fort Myer can be viewed at the National Museum of the United States Air Force, at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, in Dayton, Ohio.
A gate between Arlington National Cemetery and Fort Myer, located approximately halfway between the two chapels on Fort Myer, is named "Selfridge Gate", in his honor.


Saints Aerodrome

Saints Aerodrome, was a temporary World War I airfield in France. It was located North of Saints, in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.
Overview.
The airfield was one of the many built to cope with the German offensive towards the river Marne which started in late May 1918. The first units to fly from the airfield were French "escadrilles", flying missions for the resisting French troops.
The newly operational American I Corps Observation Group arrived on 29 June with 1st Aero Squadron and 12th Aero Squadron, while 88th Aero Squadron stayed at Ourches, joining the Group later at Francheville. The stay was brief as the whole Group already moved and met together at Francheville Aerodrome, north of Coulommiers, on 6 July.
The 1st Pursuit Group moved into Saints shortly afterwards (9 July) with its four pursuit (fighter) squadrons and began flying offensive combat patrols over the Aisne-Marne Sector. From Saints, the group engaged in combat at the moment when the Allied armies were beginning to push back the German troops, a reverse move that would end with the Armistice on 11 November... As the front line was moving eastwards, the Group used Coincy Aerodrome as an advance airfield, as soon as the German flying units had left it on 1 August. By early September the front had moved quiet far from Saints and the 1st Pursuit Group moved up to Rembercourt Aerodrome to get closer to action.
As the 1st Pursuit Group moved out, the Saints Aerodrome had become useless and was abandoned, soon to be returned to agricultural use. Today it is a series of cultivated fields located north of Saints. The airfield was located to the north of the Départmental 15 (D15), with no indications of its wartime use.


Albert Cushing Read

Albert Cushing Read, Sr. (March 29, 1887 – October 10, 1967) was an aviator and Rear Admiral in the United States Navy. He and his crew made the first transatlantic flight in the "NC-4", a Curtiss NC flying boat.
Early life and Atlantic crossing.
Read was born in Lyme, New Hampshire on March 29, 1887 into a Boston Brahmin family. He attended the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, graduating in the class of 1907. In 1915, he was designated naval aviator number 24.
As a Lieutenant Commander in May 1919, Read commanded a crew of five on the "NC-4" Curtiss flying boat, the first aircraft ever to make a transatlantic flight, a couple of weeks before Alcock and Brown's non-stop flight, and eight years before Charles Lindbergh's solo, non-stop flight. Read's flight started from Rockaway Beach, Long Island, took 23 days before arriving in Plymouth, England. The six stops included layovers at Trepassey Bay, Newfoundland, the Azores, and Lisbon, Portugal.
Later in 1919, upon returning to the U.S., Read predicted: "It soon will be possible to drive an airplane around the world at a height of 60,000 feet and 1,000 miles per hour." The next day, "The New York Times" ran an editorial in reaction, stating: "It is one thing to be a qualified aviator, and quite another to be a qualified prophet. Nothing now known supports the Lieutenant Commander’s forecast. An airplane at the height of 60,000 feet would be whirling its propellers in a vacuum, and no aviator could live long in the freezing cold of interstellar space."
On June 3, 1919, he was made a commander of the Order of the Tower and Sword by the Portuguese government. After returning to the United States, Read was awarded the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, which at the time was a more prestigious award than the Navy Cross that the other five NC-4 crew members received (the order of award precedence was switched in 1942). In 1929, Read and the rest of the flight crew of NC-4 were awarded Congressional Gold Medals.
Later life.
On June 24, 1924, Commander Read assumed command of both and the aircraft squadrons of the Asiatic Fleet. He served in this position until "Ajax" was relieved by in June 1925 and subsequently decommissioned in July 1925.
Read trained naval aviators through World War II. He was nicknamed "Putty Read" because his face rarely showed any emotion.
On June 4, 1962, he appeared on the TV game show "I've Got a Secret".
He died in retirement in Coconut Grove, Florida, on October 10, 1967. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery with his wife Bess Burdine Read (1896–1992).


Frank Henry Russell

Frank Henry Russell (July 17, 1878 – August 4, 1947) was an American aviation pioneer and the first General Manager of the Wright Brothers Company at Dayton, Ohio. He went on to co-found the Burgess Company and the Manufacturers Aircraft Association. He was the Vice President and a director of Curtiss Aeroplane & Motor Company and a director of Curtiss-Wright Corporation.
Biography.
Russell was born on July 17, 1878 in Mansfield, Ohio, to Reverend Frank Russell, Congregationalist minister and descendant of Reverend Noadiah Russell, and Aurelia Squire Henry Russell. He was a nephew of Russell Alexander Alger and Avra P. Russell. He was graduated from Yale in 1900, and married Marietta Ford on December 31, 1902.
He joined the Laurentide Paper Company of Quebec as Manager of Sales, but came to be recognized for ability in manufacturing management. He was recruited to be president of Automatic Hook & Eye Company, one of the predecessor companies of Talon Zipper, in Hoboken, New Jersey and held patents for processes in the manufacture of the zipper.
In 1908, the Wright brothers demonstrated their aeroplane in a flight over New York harbor. Russell witnessed the demonstration from the roof of his factory and sought to meet them. Russell joined the newly formed Wright Brothers Aeroplane Company as General Manager in 1910. Russell sold the first military aircraft to the US Army, and donated the prior experimental model which is now at the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum.
In 1911, Russell joined in the formation of the Burgess Company, which had been manufacturing aircraft under license from Wright. Burgess was acquired by Curtiss in 1914 and Russell became the Vice President - General Manager, and a director of the Curtiss Aeroplane & Motor Co. Under his direction the company developed many of the most successful military planes of the time, which included the NC-4 flying boat and racing planes flown by Jimmy Doolittle and Major Al Williams. Curtiss-Wright was formed in 1929 by the merger of the two formerly rival companies and Russell became a director of the combined enterprise, as well as president of Curtiss Asset Corporation and Curtiss-Caproni, Inc. Some sources credit Russell with pioneering the designs for US fighter aircraft of World War II. In 1931, Russell moved to his farm in Bucks County, Pennsylvania in active retirement until his death there in 1948. He was a director of the Budd Company and focused his efforts on applying aircraft streamlining concepts to trains.
In 1917, Russell participated in the formation of the Manufacturers Aircraft Association and was elected its secretary and later its president, which he remained until his death. The industry association was created to mediate patent disputes between aircraft and component manufacturers that had been hampering American military preparedness during World War I. He was also a member of the National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics.
Russell served as president of the Montauk Club and vice-commodore of the Manhasset Bay Yacht Club on Long Island.
He died at his home in Newtown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania on August 4, 1947.


Ray Parer

Raymond John Paul Parer (18 February 1894 – 4 July 1967) was an Australian aviator.
Parer was born in South Melbourne, Victoria, the second of nine children of a Spanish-born caterer, Michael Parer, and his Australian wife Myria (née Carolin). He was educated at St Stanislaus College, Bathurst, New South Wales, and Xavier College, Melbourne. He developed an interest in aviation and mechanics at an early age, and served a motor engineering apprenticeship with Broadbribb Brothers in Melbourne.
He enlisted in the Australian Flying Corps on 2 November 1916, initially as a mechanic, but was soon accepted to train as a pilot, as an acting sergeant. From February to May 1917, he trained on box kites at the Central Flying School at Point Cook. He was commissioned a second lieutenant on 1 June 1917 and was sent to England to complete his training, qualifying as a pilot and being promoted lieutenant on 15 February 1918. He served as a test and ferry pilot with the Royal Air Force Central Despatch Pool, being twice recommended for the Air Force Cross.
After the end of World War I, the Australian government offered a prize of £10,000 for the first flight from England to Australia. He paired with John McIntosh, and, although leaving well after the event had been won, they arrived in Darwin on 2 August 1920. Their aircraft was an Airco DH-9, and theirs was the only other entrant to successfully complete the race. It was the first single-engined aircraft to fly from England to Australia.
He and McIntosh were awarded the Air Force Cross for this feat on 23 November 1920, as well as £500 each. The journey was detailed in the book "Flight and Adventures of Parer and McIntosh" by Emily Charnwood.
Parer formed Parer's Commercial Aviation Service in Melbourne. On 27 December 1920, he won the first Victorian Aerial Derby in a DH-4, setting a record which stood for a decade. His attempt at the first flight to encircle Australia, which he began from Melbourne on 21 October 1921 in an FE2b, ended in disaster when he crashed on take-off at Boulder, Western Australia on 7 February 1922. Disillusioned with aviation, he bought a garage on King Island in Bass Strait.
However, he later became a pioneer of aviation in New Guinea, one of the most hostile environments to operate an aircraft anywhere on earth. Aviation in the country at that time was chiefly involved with the gold mining industry, which was thriving in the 1920s. In November 1926, Parer set up the Bulolo Goldfields Aeroplane Service Ltd there, and was the first pilot to fly over the Owen Stanley Range. He spent fifteen years flying in New Guinea.
In 1934, he participated in the MacRobertson Air Race from England to Australia, this time teamed with Geoff Hemsworth, flying a Fairey Fox. They departed on 20 October 1934, arriving at the destination, Melbourne, on 13 February 1935. Parer then returned to New Guinea. However the advent of World War II and the impending Japanese invasion of New Guinea in 1942 found him once again in military service, this time in the Royal Australian Air Force. Due to his health he was made a reservist, and since he could not fly he turned to the sea. He was an engineer aboard the "Melanesia", which delivered supplies and undertook reconnaissance along New Guinea's northern coastline.
After the war he purchased a ketch in Darwin, and embarked in pearl exploration in the Torres Strait. From 1949 to 1951, he skippered a barge for the Department of Works around the Papua New Guinea coast. He then worked as an engineer on tourist vessels around the Great Barrier Reef in Queensland. From 1956 to 1958, he returned to Papua New Guinea to work on boats in the oil exploration industry. He spent the last years of his life running two small farms at Mount Nebo, Queensland.
Parer married divorcee Ethel Blanche Jones on 30 December 1941. They were divorced on 8 May 1950 and he remarried to Mary Patricia Ross, but that marriage also ended in divorce. He had one son.


CFS Beaverlodge

Canadian Forces Station Beaverlodge (ADC ID: C-21) is a closed General Surveillance Radar station. It is located east-northeast of Beaverlodge, Alberta. It was closed in 1988.
It was operated as part of the Pinetree Line network controlled by NORAD.
History.
As a result of the Cold War and with the expansion of a North American continental air defence system, The site at Saskatoon Mountain was selected as a site for a United States Air Force (USAF) radar station, one of the many that would make up the Pinetree Line of Ground-Control Intercept (GCI) radar sites. Construction on the base began in 1952 and was completed by 1953. The base was manned by members of the USAF's Air Defense Command (ADC) 919th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, being known as Saskatoon Mountain Air Station.
In February 1953, operations began at the unit's permanent home. The station was equipped with AN/FPS-3C, AN/FPS-502, AN/FPS-20A; AN/TPS-502, and AN/FPS-6B radars. As a GCI base, the 915th's role was to guide interceptor aircraft toward unidentified intruders picked up on the unit's radar scopes. These interceptors were based at Larson Air Force Base in Washington.
The Ground Air Transmitting Receiving (GATR) Site for communications was located at , approximately 1,1 mile southwest from the main site. Normally the GATR site was connected by a pair of buried telephone cables, with a backup connection of dual telephone cables overhead. The Coordinate Data Transmitting Set (CDTS) (AN/FST-2) at the main site converted each radar return into a digital word which was transmitted by the GATR via microwave to the Control center.
In the early 1960s, the USAF relinquished control of the base to the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF). This was part of an arrangement with the United States that came as a result of the cancellation of the Avro Arrow. Canada would lease 66 F-101 Voodoo fighters and take over operation of 12 Pinetree radar bases.
Upon hand-over on 1 April 1963, the operating unit was re-designated 57 Aircraft Control & Warning Squadron and the base, RCAF Station Saskatoon Mountain. Radars at the station were also upgraded to the following equipment:
On 1 May 1964 radar operations at 57 Squadron were automated by the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, and the station became a long-range radar site. It would no longer guide interceptors but only look for enemy aircraft, feeding data to the Spokane Air Defense Sector SAGE DC-15 Direction Center of the 25th NORAD Region at Larson AFB, Washington.
In November 1963, 57 AC&W Squadron, RCAF Station Saskatoon Mountain became 57 Radar Squadron, RCAF Station Beaverlodge. The station had a rather majestic postal address of Trumpeter, Alberta. As a result of the unification of the Canadian Forces in 1968, the new Canadian Forces organization absorbed the RCAF, RCN and the Canadian Army. 57 Radar Squadron, RCAF Station Beaverlodge, became simply Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Beaverlodge in 1966.
Also in 1966, the facilities at Larson AFB were closed, and control of the station was switched to the SAGE Direction Center at McChord AFB, Washington (DC-12).
The station was administratively accountable to Canadian Forces Air Defence Command, and its successor Fighter Group. In August 1984, Beaverlodge became part of the Canada West ROCC. The station carried on its assigned duties until operations ceased on 1 April 1988. Today, the facilities of the radar station have been removed, and the land is now a cleared grassy site with little or no evidence of its military past.


List of airports in Greater Sydney

This is a list of current and previous airports in the Greater Sydney area of New South Wales.
List of airports.
The list is sorted by the name of the community served, click the sort buttons in the table header to switch listing order.


40th Air Refueling Squadron

The 40th Air Refueling Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 310th Strategic Aerospace Wing at Schilling Air Force Base, Kansas, where it was inactivated on 15 March 1963. The squadron's first predecessor is the 540th Bombardment Squadron, which served as a heavy bomber training unit during World War II until inactivating in a 1944 reorganization of Army Air Forces training units. The 40th Squadron was activated at Schilling in 1952 and performed worldwide refueling missions until inactivated.
History.
World War II bomber training.
The first predecessor of the squadron was the 540th Bombardment Squadron, which was activated at Salt Lake City Army Air Base, Utah as one of the four original squadrons of the 383d Bombardment Group. Its cadre moved to Rapid City Army Air Base a little over a week later, where it began to equip as a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress Operational Training Unit (OTU) the following year. OTUs were oversized parent units that provided cadres to "satellite groups"
In October 1943, the squadron moved to Peterson Field, Colorado, where it flew Consolidated B-24 Liberator and changed its mission to become a Replacement Training Unit (RTU). Like OTUs, RTUs were oversized units, but their mission was to train individual aircrews. However, the AAF was finding that standard military units like the 540th, which were based on relatively inflexible tables of organization were not well adapted to the training mission. Accordingly, it adopted a more functional system in which each base was organized into a separate numbered unit, which was manned and equipped for the specific training mission. As a result, the 383d Group, its elements and supporting units were inactivated or disbanded and replaced by the 214th AAF Base Unit (Combat Crew Training School, Heavy), which was simultaneously organized at Peterson.
Air refueling operations.
The squadron's second predecessor was activated in July 1952 at Smoky Hill Air Force Base and assigned to the 40th Bombardment Wing. The squadron remained a paper unit and did not become operational until 8 September 1952. Because its parent wing remained unmanned, the squadron was attached to the 310th Bombardment Wing until 30 April 1953.
SAC had begun to include refueling in its war plans, and the squadron made frequent deployments with its KC-97s to forward locations, placing it ahead of the faster Boeing B-47 Stratojets it would refuel, and on their programmed route, as part of Operation Reflex. Reflex placed Boeing B-47 Stratojets and KC-97s at bases closer to the Soviet Union for 90-day periods, although individuals rotated back to home bases during unit Reflex deployments During Operation Reflex deployments with the wing, the squadron's aircraft also served as transports, carrying extra air crew, support personnel, and spare parts. The percentage of Strategic Air Command (SAC) planes on alert gradually grew over the next three years to reach its goal of 1/3 of SAC's force on alert by 1960.
In 1960, the 40th Wing moved to Forbes Air Force Base, Kansas. The squadron remained behind and was reassigned to the 310th Bombardment Wing. During the Cuban Missile Crisis, on 24 October SAC went to DEFCON 2, placing all its aircraft on alert. On 29 October, additional KC-97s were dispersed to forward locations to provide refueling for B-47s on increased alert status. Dispersed B-47s and supporting tankers were recalled to their home bases on 24 November and on 27 November, SAC returned to normal alert posture. The squadron became nonoperational on 1 January 1963 and was inactivated in March 1963 as part of the phaseout of the KC-97 from SAC.
Consolidation.
On 19 September 1985, the 40th Air Refueling Squadron was consolidated with the 540th Bombardment Squadron, but the consolidated unit has not been active.


Arthur Ray Hawkins

Arthur Ray "Hawk" Hawkins (12 December 1922 – 21 March 2004) was an American naval aviator and flying ace of World War II. He was the United States Navy's tenth leading ace with 14 aerial victories to his credit.
Early life.
Hawkins was born in Zavalla, Texas on 12 December 1922. At the age of 19 in 1942, he joined the United States Navy after the death of his brother, a United States Army Air Force fighter pilot, who was shot down in the South Pacific.
Naval career.
1940s.
Hawkins was designated a Naval Aviator and commissioned an ensign on 1 January 1943. He was then attached to Fighter Squadron 31 (VF-31) aboard the aircraft carrier from January to October 1944.
While flying from "Cabot" in 1944, Hawkins was credited with 14 confirmed and three probable kills, all while flying F6F Hellcats. His first victory was near Truk on 29 April 1944 when, seconds after launch from "Cabot", he shot down an attacking Japanese torpedo bomber. He subsequently shot down three enemy aircraft on 19 June during the Battle of the Philippine Seas "Marianas Turkey Shoot," one on 8 July during the Battle of Guam, five on 13 September near Mindanao in the Philippine Islands, and four on 21 September during the Battle of Luzon in the Philippines.
Hawkins volunteered for a second tour of duty aboard from June 1945 through October 1945, when VF-31 was dissolved. Hawkins' war record included destroying 39 aircraft on the ground and assisting in the sinking of a battleship. He was awarded the Navy Cross three times, the Distinguished Flying Cross three times, and three Air Medals.
After World War II, Lieutenant Hawkins flew with the U.S. Navy Blue Angels flight demonstration team from 1948 to 1950, flying the Grumman F8F Bearcat piston-engine fighter and later the Grumman F9F-2 Panther jet fighter.
1950s.
When the Korean War broke out in 1950, the Blue Angels were dissolved, with the majority of the pilots forming Fighter Squadron 191 (VF-191), nicknamed "Satans Kittens". Hawkins served as the squadrons executive officer, flying 40 combat missions from the deck of , and participating in the first carrier-based jet bombing mission of the war.
After the Korean War, the Blue Angels were re-formed, and Lieutenant Commander Hawkins was recalled to serve as their flight leader from 1952 through 1953. During this time, he was the first pilot to survive an ejection from a supersonic aircraft. He was inverted (upside down) and somewhere between 25,000 feet (7620 meters) and 32,000 feet (9750 meters) in altitude at the time he ejected. Since he could not reach the pre-ejection lever due to his inverted position, his canopy did not separate and he ejected through the canopy, possibly becoming the first pilot to do that as well.
1960s–1970s.
In the 1960s, Hawkins commanded Naval Air Station Atsugi in Japan, where he worked to recover Japanese family artifacts lost during World War II. For this work, he was awarded the Emperor of Japan Third Order of the Sacred Treasure.
Later life and family.
Hawkins retired from the U.S. Navy as a captain in 1973 and subsequently worked with the National Museum of Naval Aviation in Pensacola, Florida, retiring in 1997 as its chief-of-staff.
Hawkins' daughter, Jill Hawkins Votaw, followed in his footsteps and was commissioned as an ensign in the U.S. Navy, graduating in 1980 from the United States Naval Academy as a member of the first class to graduate from the academy that included women. She retired from the Naval Reserve as a captain in 2010.
In 1984, Hawkins was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame and in 2001 into the Texas Aviation Hall of Fame. In 2006, Captain Hawkins was inducted into the Naval Aviation Hall of Honor.
Hawkins died on 21 March 2004 in Pensacola, Florida.


General Aviation Design Bureau T-32 Maverick

The General Aviation Design Bureau T-32 Maverick is a Ukrainian ultralight trike under development by the General Aviation Design Bureau of Ukraine, based in Kiev. The aircraft is intended to be supplied as a kit for amateur construction or as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.
The company has constructed trike designs for other manufacturers under contract in the past, but the T-32 is their own design.
Design and development.
As a three-seat trike the T-32 Maverick does not comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight or the US light-sport aircraft categories, which are both limited to two seats, but may fit some country's amateur-built aircraft rules.
The T-32 Maverick features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a three-seat open cockpit, with the pilot sitting in front and a two-seat bench in the back, with a cockpit fairing. It can be mounted on tricycle landing gear or floats and has a single engine in pusher configuration.
The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its double surface wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its span wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame weight-shift control bar. The aircraft has many powerplant options, including the twin cylinder, liquid-cooled, two-stroke, dual-ignition Rotax 582 engine, the four cylinder, air and liquid-cooled, four-stroke, dual-ignition Rotax 912UL or Rotax 912ULS engine and the turbocharged Rotax 914. Automotive conversion engines of can also be fitted.
The aircraft has an empty weight of and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of the payload is .


Leopold Ernest Stratford George Canning, 4th Baron Garvagh

Leopold Ernest Stratford George Canning, 4th Baron Garvagh, (21 July 1878 – 16 July 1956) was a British nobleman, motorist, fighter pilot and politician, being the co-founder of the British Fascisti alongside Rotha Lintorn-Orman in 1923.
Biography.
Canning was among the first motorists in Ireland – he imported a six hp Panhard to Ireland from France in 1898. Later he participated in several auto races using motor-powered tricycles. He was also among the founders of the Motor Cycle Union of Ireland and the Irish Automobile Club. "Motoring Annual and Motorist’s Year Book 1904" records him owning four Ormonde motorcycles and having high hopes about the future of motor industry in Britain.
Canning became a lieutenant in the 2nd Battalion of the Highland Light Infantry and participated in the First World War. He later transferred to the Royal Flying Corps, having also been a founder member of the Aéro-Club de France. He reached the rank of lieutenant in the Royal Flying Corps as well, serving on the Salonica front.
On 8 January 1915 Canning's father died, and he succeeded him as Baron Garvagh.
In 1923, Canning co-founded the British Fascisti with Rotha Lintorn-Orman. Historian Robert Skidelsky characterized the British Fascisti as
Members of the new party, later known as British Fascist"s", included generals Ormonde Winter, Julian Tyndale-Biscoe, Roland Erskine-Tulloch, James Spens and Thomas Pilcher; admirals Edmund Fremantle, Reginald Tupper and William Ernest Russell Martin; Lieutenant Colonels Daniel Burges and Edward Russell, as well as senior diplomat Arthur Henry Hardinge.
Canning was replaced as President of the British Fascists by Brigadier R. B. D. Blakeney in 1924, as he claimed to live too far away from London to be effective as a leader.
In 1928 Canning became one of the first members of the Fellowship of Nineteenth Century Motorists.
Canning died on 16 July 1956 at the age of 77, and his title of Baron Garvagh passed on to his only surviving son Alexander Leopold Ivor George.
Family.
Canning was the great-grandson of George Canning, 1st Baron Garvagh, who was a first cousin of the short-time Prime Minister of the United Kingdom George Canning. His parents were Charles John Spencer George Canning and Florence Alice de Bretton.
Canning married for the first time in 1904 to Caroline Grace Elizabeth Rube, daughter of Charles Ernest Rube. The marriage was annulled in 1909 due to it not being consummated.
On 1 January 1919, Canning married for a second time to Gladys Dora May Dimmer (née Parker, 1895–1982) in St Matthew's, Bayswater. She was a widow of John Dimmer , who had been killed in action on 21 March 1918 in France. The couple had four children:


Noatak Airport

Noatak Airport is a state-owned public-use airport located one nautical mile (1.85 km) southwest of the central business district of Noatak, in the Northwest Arctic Borough of the U.S. state in Alaska.
Facilities.
Noatak Airport has one runway designated 1/19 with a gravel surface measuring 4,000 by 60 feet (1,219 x 18 m).
Airlines and destinations.
Prior to its bankruptcy and cessation of all operations, Ravn Alaska served the airport from multiple locations.


Alaska Island Airways


Tavares Seaplane Base

Tavares Seaplane Base is a city-owned, public-use seaplane base located one nautical mile (1.85 km) southeast of the central business district of Tavares, a city in Lake County, Florida, United States.
Facilities.
Tavares Seaplane Base covers an area of at an elevation of 63 feet (19 m) above mean sea level. The seaplane landing area on Lake Dora is designated 9/27 and measures 3,000 by 200 feet (914 x 61 m).


Fuselage

In aeronautics, the fuselage (; from the French "fuselé" "spindle-shaped") is an aircraft's main body section. It holds crew, passengers, or cargo. In single-engine aircraft, it will usually contain an engine, as well, although in some amphibious aircraft the single engine is mounted on a pylon attached to the fuselage, which in turn is used as a floating hull. The fuselage also serves to position the control and stabilization surfaces in specific relationships to lifting surfaces, which is required for aircraft stability and maneuverability.
Types of structures.
Truss structure.
This type of structure is still in use in many lightweight aircraft using welded steel tube trusses.
A box truss fuselage structure can also be built out of wood—often covered with plywood. Simple box structures may be rounded by the addition of supported lightweight stringers, allowing the fabric covering to form a more aerodynamic shape, or one more pleasing to the eye.
Geodesic construction.
Geodesic structural elements were used by Barnes Wallis for British Vickers between the wars and into World War II to form the whole of the fuselage, including its aerodynamic shape. In this type of construction multiple flat strip stringers are wound about the formers in opposite spiral directions, forming a basket-like appearance. This proved to be light, strong, and rigid and had the advantage of being made almost entirely of wood. A similar construction using aluminum alloy was used in the Vickers Warwick with less materials than would be required for other structural types. The geodesic structure is also redundant and so can survive localized damage without catastrophic failure. A fabric covering over the structure completed the aerodynamic shell (see the Vickers Wellington for an example of a large warplane which uses this process). The logical evolution of this is the creation of fuselages using molded plywood, in which multiple sheets are laid with the grain in differing directions to give the monocoque type below.
Monocoque shell.
In this method, the exterior surface of the fuselage is also the primary structure. A typical early form of this (see the Lockheed Vega) was built using molded plywood, where the layers of plywood are formed over a "plug" or within a mold. A later form of this structure uses fiberglass cloth impregnated with polyester or epoxy resin, instead of plywood, as the skin. A simple form of this used in some amateur-built aircraft uses rigid expanded foam plastic as the core, with a fiberglass covering, eliminating the necessity of fabricating molds, but requiring more effort in finishing (see the Rutan VariEze). An example of a larger molded plywood aircraft is the de Havilland Mosquito fighter/light bomber of World War II.
No plywood-skin fuselage is truly monocoque, since stiffening elements are incorporated into the structure to carry concentrated loads that would otherwise buckle the thin skin.
The use of molded fiberglass using negative ("female") molds (which give a nearly finished product) is prevalent in the series production of many modern sailplanes. The use of molded composites for fuselage structures is being extended to large passenger aircraft such as the Boeing 787 "Dreamliner" (using pressure-molding on female molds).
Semi-monocoque.
This is the preferred method of constructing an all-aluminum fuselage. First, a series of frames in the shape of the fuselage cross sections are held in position on a rigid fixture. These frames are then joined with lightweight longitudinal elements called stringers. These are in turn covered with a skin of sheet aluminum, attached by riveting or by bonding with special adhesives. The fixture is then disassembled and removed from the completed fuselage shell, which is then fitted out with wiring, controls, and interior equipment such as seats and luggage bins. Most modern large aircraft are built using this technique, but use several large sections constructed in this fashion which are then joined with fasteners to form the complete fuselage. As the accuracy of the final product is determined largely by the costly fixture, this form is suitable for series production, where many identical aircraft are to be produced. Early examples of this type include the Douglas Aircraft DC-2 and DC-3 civil aircraft and the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress. Most metal light aircraft are constructed using this process.
Both monocoque and semi-monocoque are referred to as "stressed skin" structures as all or a portion of the external load (i.e. from wings and empennage, and from discrete masses such as the engine) is taken by the surface covering. In addition, all the load from internal pressurization is carried (as "skin tension") by the external skin.
The proportioning of loads between the components is a design choice dictated largely by the dimensions, strength, and elasticity of the components available for construction and whether or not a design is intended to be "self jigging", not requiring a complete fixture for alignment.
Materials.
Early aircraft were constructed of wood frames covered in fabric. As monoplanes became popular, metal frames improved the strength, which eventually led to all-metal-structure aircraft, with metal covering for all its exterior surfaces - this was first pioneered in the second half of 1915. Some modern aircraft are constructed with composite materials for major control surfaces, wings, or the entire fuselage such as the Boeing 787. On the 787, it makes possible higher pressurization levels and larger windows for passenger comfort as well as lower weight to reduce operating costs. The Boeing 787 weighs less than if it were an all-aluminum assembly.
Windows.
Cockpit windshields on the Airbus A320 must withstand bird strikes up to 350 kt and are made of chemically strengthened glass. They are usually composed of three layers or plies, of glass or plastic : the inner two are 8 mm (0.3 in.) thick each and are structural, while the outer ply, about 3 mm thick, is a barrier against foreign object damage and abrasion, with often a hydrophobic coating. It must prevent fogging inside the cabin and de-ice from . This was previously done with thin wires similar to a rear car window but is now accomplished with a transparent, nanometers-thick coating of indium tin oxide sitting between plies, electrically conductive and thus transmitting heat. Curved glass improves aerodynamics but sight criteria also needs larger panes. A cockpit windshield is composed of 4–6 panels, 35 kg (77 lb.) each on an Airbus A320. In its lifetime, an average aircraft goes through three or four windshields, and the market is shared evenly between OEM and higher margins aftermarket.
Cabin windows, made from much lighter than glass stretched acrylic glass, consists of multiple panes: an outer one built to support four times the maximum cabin pressure, an inner one for redundancy and a scratch pane near the passenger. Acrylic is susceptible to crazing : a network of fine cracks appears but can be polished to restore optical transparency, removal and polishing typically undergo every 2–3 years for uncoated windows.
Wing integration.
"Flying wing" aircraft, such as the Northrop YB-49 Flying Wing and the Northrop B-2 Spirit bomber have no separate fuselage; instead what would be the fuselage is a thickened portion of the wing structure.
Conversely, there have been a small number of aircraft designs which have no separate wing, but use the fuselage to generate lift. Examples include National Aeronautics and Space Administration's experimental lifting body designs and the Vought XF5U-1 Flying Flapjack.
A blended wing body can be considered a mixture of the above. It carries the useful load in a fuselage producing lift. A modern example is Boeing X-48. One of the earliest aircraft using this design approach is Burnelli CBY-3, which fuselage was airfoil shaped to produce lift.


Scotts Seaplane Base

Scotts Seaplane Base is a public use seaplane base located in the community of Crane Lake, in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States. It is privately owned by Darrell Scott and is also known at Scott's Seaplane Base.
Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, Scotts Seaplane Base is assigned CDD by the FAA but has no designation from the IATA (which assigned CDD to Cauquira, Honduras).
Facilities and aircraft.
Scotts Seaplane Base covers an area of at an elevation of 1,119 feet (341 m) above mean sea level. It has two seaplane landing areas: 7W/25W is 8,000 x 1,000 feet (2,438 x 305 m) and 16W/34W is 7,000 x 1,000 feet (2,134 x 305 m). For the 12-month period ending June 30, 2003, the airport had 8,000 aircraft operations, an average of 21 per day: 61% general aviation and 39% air taxi.


Ilulissat Airport

Ilulissat Airport (, ); () is a minor international airport serving Ilulissat, Greenland, the entire Disko Bay Region, the North and West Greenland. It is the 59th largest airport in the Nordic countries with 83,000 passengers in 2012 and is the second airport built in Greenland for civilian travel partially funded by the EU (former EC) Structural Funds and Cohesion Fund. It is the third-busiest airport in Greenland, and by far one of the busiest for international travel in Greenland.
The airport is located north-east of Ilulissat, just of city centre. It was built in 1983, replacing the heliport. The airport is the main hub out of three used by Air Greenland.
Airport expansion.
The purpose of Ilulissat Airport has been debated in Greenland for decades; there has been pressure for runway extension from the local tourist industry and municipal authorities. An expansion considering constructing a new airport in Ilulissat is in progress. The expansion of the airport will feature a runway to let the airport receive direct international airliner flights from mainland Europe and the Americas. It will be located just north of the present airport The airport will then (together with Nuuk Airport which will also be expanded) join or even replace Kangerlussuaq Airport as a primary hub, effectively becoming an international gateway to western and northwestern Greenland. There is a general debate on extending or replacing most airports in Greenland, since most are ill located former air bases, or very short.
Airlines and destinations.
Air Greenland operates government contract flights to villages in the Disko Bay area. These mostly cargo flights are not featured in the timetable, although they can be pre-booked. Departure times for these flights as specified during booking are by definition approximate, with the settlement service optimized on the fly depending on local demand for a given day. Settlement flights in the Disko Bay and Aasiaat archipelago areas are operated only during winter and spring. During summer and autumn, communication between settlements is by sea only, serviced by Diskoline.


William D. Curry

Brigadier General William D. Curry Jr (May 15, 1926 – April 16, 2013) was a retired United States Air Force officer. He was a command pilot with over 6,500 flying hours, serving in World War II, the Korean and Vietnam Wars.
Biography.
General Curry was born in Minneapolis in 1926. He entered the United States Army Air Forces from Marshalltown, Iowa, during World War II and served as a B-24 Liberator crew chief until entering the United States Military Academy. Upon graduation in 1950, he was commissioned a second lieutenant.
He began his career during the Korean War flying in a combat tour in F-51 Mustangs. The years following Korea were spent as a fighter pilot and in various operational assignments while serving with Tactical Air Command units until 1958. From 1959 to 1966, he served in the Strategic Air Command as a B-47 Stratojet aircraft commander and operations staff officer.
In 1966 General Curry returned to the fighter business and joined the 366th Tactical Fighter Wing at Da Nang Air Base, Republic of Vietnam, in 1968. While there he flew a combat tour as an F-4 Phantom II squadron commander. A second Southeast Asia combat tour was completed in 1973. During this tour he served as commander of the 354th Tactical Fighter Wing, which was deployed to Korat Royal Thai Air Force Base, Thailand, flying the A-7D Corsair II.
Other assignments include a tour as deputy chief, Joint Chiefs of Staff Matters, Global Plains and Policy Division, Directorate of Plains, Headquarters U.S. Air Force; vice commander and commander of the 354th Tactical Fighter Wing at Myrtle Beach Air Force Base, South Carolina.; assistant deputy and deputy chief of staff, logistics, Headquarters Tactical Air Command; commander of the 355th Tactical Fighter Wing; and commander, Tactical Training Davis-Monthan, Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona.
He was promoted to the grade of brigadier general July 1, 1975, with date of rank June 27, 1975. His last command was as Commander, Defense General Supply Center, Defense Logistics Agency, in Richmond, Virginia. in July 1978. He retired from active duty on 1 August 1980.
General Curry lived in the Richmond, Virginia area after his retirement. He continued to serve his community after his retirement as a charter member and president of the Brandermill Rotary Club in Richmond, VA, and a Board member of the Richmond United Way. He valued his associations working in leadership roles with the Rotary Club, the Air Force Association, and the West Point Society. He was the Chairman for the Disaster Services to the Red Cross of Virginia and was a Consultant to the American Red Cross in Washington, DC, providing disaster services and logistical support. He was able to use his skills and knowledge as well as his gifts and talents to support families devastated by natural disasters.
General Curry died in April 2013 in Williamsburg, Virginia, and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.
Education and decorations.
General Curry was awarded a Master of Science degree in international relations from The George Washington University and was a graduate of Squadron Officer School, Armed Forces Staff College and the Air War College. He was a command pilot with 6,500 flying hours.
His military decorations and awards include the Legion of Merit with oak leaf cluster, Distinguished Flying Cross with two oak leaf clusters, Air Force Commendation Medal with two oak leaf clusters and the Army Commendation Medal.


JAL Mileage Bank


Roger Grosjean

Roger Grosjean (25 July 1920 – 7 June 1975) started his career as a French Air Force fighter pilot in France, England and North Africa. This involved a short stint as a Security Service (MI5) double agent during World War II (code name FIDO). He then became a successful archeologist in Corsica.
Grosjean was born on 25 July 1920, in Chalon-sur-Saône, France. He entered the French Air Force in 1939 and spent the next three years in various postings, among them Fighter Group (GC) 2/1 in Le Luc, Var. When the Germans invaded the non-occupied part of France in November 1942, Grosjean was demobilized.
So as to join Charles de Gaulle in London, he put together a very risky strategy: he made the Germans believe that if they helped him get over to England, he would send back various types of information. Grosjean reached England in July 1943 and reported his cover story at the start of his stay at the Royal Victoria Patriotic School (London Reception Centre). He agreed to act as a double agent for the Security Service (MI5) and was part of the Double-Cross System from August 1943 to May 1944.
During that time he was also a member of the Free French Air Force. In the summer of 1944 he was sent to Algeria and then to Morocco where he was an instructor on P-39s. He ended his French Air Force career in 1946 and was awarded a number of French distinctions, among them the Legion of Honour.
After a transition period, during which he trained as an archeologist and took part in digs with L'Abbé Henri Breuil, the famous French archeologist, he joined the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS). In 1954, he left for Corsica and began what was to be a very successful research career spanning twenty years studying the Corsican megalithic civilization. He uncovered sculpted menhirs at Filitosa, Cauria and Palaghju, for example, as well as megalithic fortified settlements at Alo-Bisucce, Cucuruzzu and Araghju.
In the summer of 1975, at the height of his career, and while working on his new museum in Sartène, Grosjean died of a heart attack. He was fifty-four years old.
An illustrated biography of Grosjean was published in 2011 by his son, François Grosjean, who also wrote an article about him in "British Archaeology" in 2012. A few years later he wrote a book on his search of his two parents, Roger and Sallie, whom he did not know well as a child.


Fighting for Space

Fighting for Space: Two Pilots and Their Historic Battle for Female Spaceflight is a nonfiction book by Amy Shira Teitel published in 2020.
Summary.
"Fighting for Space" presents the intertwined biographies of two pilots, Jacqueline Cochran and Jerrie Cobb, and their competing visions of women in the space program.
Reception.
In "The Space Review", Jeff Foust says "Teitel certainly brings to life these two pioneering women who had similar visions, but conflicting views of how to realize them." Foust takes issue with the lack of footnotes and Teitel's reluctance to address inconsistencies between claims made by the women and historical evidence.
Ethan Siegel, astrophysicist and science writer, says the book is "incredibly well-researched" and "what's perhaps most breathtaking about the book is the sheer number of long-buried letters and correspondences that Teitel has unearthed and reproduced in full."
The "Library Journal" describes it as an "inspiring story" and an "awe-inducing biography that space junkies, feminists, and historians will eat up." "Fighting for Space" was a Library Journal Top Pick in women's history. "Kirkus Reviews" described it as a "well-researched contribution to women's and aviation history."


Cosmik Chaser

The Cosmik Chaser is a British ultralight trike that was designed by Nigel Beale and is produced by Cosmik Aviation of Southam. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.
Design and development.
The Chaser was a competition trike that won dozens of international matches in the 1990s and then went out of production, as UK regulations changed. It was reintroduced circa 2010 as regulations were again altered, as a made-to-order and unadvertised product of the company.
The aircraft also complies with the American FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, including the category's maximum empty weight of .
The Chaser features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a single-seat open cockpit, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.
The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its span wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame weight-shift control bar. The powerplant is a twin cylinder, air-cooled, two-stroke, Rotax 447 engine. The aircraft has an empty weight of and the fuel tank holds .
An updated model, called the Superchaser, was proposed.


List of airlines of Latvia

This is a list of airlines currently operating in Latvia.


Bar XH Air


David Cranston (British Army officer)

Brigadier David Alan Cranston, CBE (born 20 October 1945) is a retired senior British Army officer. He was Director General of the National Association of Pension Funds from 2000 to 2001.
Education.
David Cranston was educated at Strathallan School in Perthshire and the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst.
Army.
Following graduation Cranston was promoted from officer cadet to 2nd lieutenant with The Royal Artillery on 29 July 1966. He was promoted to lieutenant on 29 January 1968, captain on 29 July 1972, and major on 31 December 1977. Cranston transferred from the Royal Artillery to the Army Air Corps on 1 January 1979.
In 1983 Cranston served as Chief of Staff at the headquarters of British Forces in Belize. On 30 June 1984 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel. From 1984 to 1986 he was based at Royal Military College of Science at Shrivenham. In 1986 he was appointed Commander of 4 Regiment, Air Army Corps and in 1988 Chief of Staff of the 2nd Infantry Division. On 31 December 1990 he was promoted to brigadier. From 1990 to 1992 he was Commander of British Army Aviation in Germany.
In 1992 he was appointed Deputy, Head of Mission of the European Union Monitoring Mission to the former Yugoslavia. On 12 June 1993 he was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire. From 1994 to 1995 Cranston was Deputy Commander of the Multinational Airmobile Division based in Germany. He retired from the Army on 14 May 1995.


List of seaplane bases in the United Kingdom

This article lists both active and historic seaplane bases in the United Kingdom, many of which were either used for, or planned to be used for, the defence of the UK.
A seaplane base may be anything from a stretch of water where seaplanes were based to a full installation, either floating (powered or unpowered) or shore based, where seaplanes were serviced. In the UK these are presumed to be coastal.


Bill James (novelist)

Bill James (born 1929) is a pseudonym of James Tucker, a Welsh novelist. He also writes under his own name and the pseudonyms "David Craig" and "Judith Jones". He was a reporter with the Daily Mirror and various other newspapers after serving with the RAF He is married, with four children, and lives in South Wales.
The bulk of his output under the Bill James pseudonym is the "Harpur and Iles" series. Colin Harpur is a Detective Chief Inspector and Desmond Iles is the Assistant Chief Constable in an unnamed coastal city in southwestern England. Harpur and Iles are complemented by an evolving cast of other recurring characters on both sides of the law. The books are characterized by a grim humour and a bleak view of the relationship between the public, the police force and the criminal element. The first few are designated "A Detective Colin Harpur Novel" but as the series progressed they began to be published with the designation "A Harpur & Iles Mystery".
His novel "Whose Little Girl are You", written under the "David Craig" pseudonym, was filmed as "The Squeeze", starring Stacy Keach, Edward Fox and David Hemmings. The fourth "Harpur & Iles" novel, "Protection", was televised by the BBC in 1996 as "Harpur & Iles", starring Aneirin Hughes as Harpur and Hywel Bennett as Iles.
Works as James Tucker (non-fiction).
Dates given without parentheses are the Library of Congress publication dates, usually the first US publication, except where the books do not (yet) appear in the Library of Congress Online Catalog. The dates in parentheses are the copyright dates, taken from the actual books when available.


USS Barry (DD-248)

Barry (DD-248/APD-29) was a "Clemson"-class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War II. She was the second ship named for Commodore John Barry.
"Barry" was launched 28 October 1920 by New York Shipbuilding Co., Camden, New Jersey; sponsored by Mrs. Shelton E. Martin, great-grandniece of Commodore Barry, and commissioned with 50 percent complement 28 December 1920, Lieutenant, junior grade A. H. Bamberger, USNR, in command.
Service history.
"Barry" was held in reserve commission until 15 November 1921, when she was placed in full commission and reported to the Atlantic Fleet. In October 1922, she departed Hampton Roads, Virginia, for the Mediterranean where she served with the U. S. Naval Detachment in Turkish Waters until July 1923. Returning to the East Coast 10 August 1923, she joined Destroyer Squadron 14, Scouting Fleet. Later in August and September, "Barry" operated as a plane guard in the Atlantic for the U.S. Army's "Around the World Flight" and was stationed between Labrador and Nova Scotia, Canada. When one of the three Army planes ditched owing to engine trouble, "Barry" transported the pilots to Pictou, Nova Scotia, where they boarded a replacement plane to continue their flight home to Seattle via Boston and across the United States.
Early in 1925, "Barry" transited the Panama Canal and joined the Battle Fleet for maneuvers in the Pacific. She returned to the East Coast in July 1925, and took up routine duties with the Scouting Fleet until February 1932, when she returned to the Pacific for fleet maneuvers. Upon completion of maneuvers, she returned to the Atlantic and was assigned to Rotating Reserve Destroyer Squadron 19 at Norfolk, 20 December 1932.
"Barry" was recommissioned at Norfolk 20 June 1933 and on 1 July sailed for San Diego to Join Destroyer Division 7, Scouting Force. She served with the Scouting Force until May 1936 when she returned to the Atlantic and for a short time served as flagship of Destroyer Division 8. Later in 1936 she again returned to the Pacific, joining Destroyer Division 22, Battle Force. Between January and April 1938 she was in Hawaiian waters and on 21 May 1938 was transferred to Destroyer Division 21, in the Atlantic.
World War II.
"Barry" joined Destroyer Division 67 in the Canal Zone 18 October 1940. Still on duty there when the United States entered World War II, she was assigned escort and anti-submarine warfare missions against the German submarines in the Atlantic. Early in 1942, "Barry" operated in the Caribbean escorting convoys between Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and Panama; and Curaçao and Trinidad. Later in the year and throughout the first half of 1943 she performed escort duties in the South Atlantic, operating from Trinidad.
Between July and November 1943, she served as a unit of TG 21.14, an offensive antisubmarine patrol which operated along the North Atlantic convoy lanes. The group conducted two sweeps (30 July – 10 September and 28 September – 8 November) during which aircraft from sank eight German submarines. "Barry" and rescued survivors of after she was fatally damaged 1 November while sinking by ramming.
"Barry" underwent conversion to a high-speed transport at Charleston Navy Yard, 31 December 1943 – 17 February 1944 (reclassified APD-29, 15 January 1944). "Barry" departed the East Coast 13 April 1944 for Mers-el-Kebir, Algeria, arriving 30 April. Practice amphibious landings were carried out until 14 August, when she sortied for the invasion of southern France.
Between 15 and 20 August 1944, she landed her troops on the Islands of Levant and Port Cros, as well as on the mainland of France. Between August and December, "Barry" served on escort duty in the western Mediterranean and then returned to the United States, arriving at Norfolk 23 December 1944. After brief repairs, "Barry" departed for the Pacific and arrived at Pearl Harbor 24 March 1945. After training in the Hawaiian Islands, she arrived off Okinawa 16 May and performed patrol and escort duties during the occupation of the island.
Fate.
On 25 May, she was attacked by two "kamikazes" while on patrol 35 miles northwest of Okinawa. One was shot down, but the other broke through the barrage and struck "Barry" below her bridge. Twenty-eight of her crew were wounded by shrapnel. The explosion of the plane's gasoline tanks and bomb ignited fuel oil escaping from "Barry"s ruptured tanks. The fire threatened the forward magazine which could not be reached to flood. At 1340, 40 minutes after the plane struck, the commanding officer gave the order to abandon ship. "Barry"s boats were lowered and all hands safely cleared the side.
At 1500, the water had risen until the forward magazine was covered, minimizing the danger of explosion. A skeleton crew, together with parties from and then reboarded "Barry" and the last fires were extinguished at 0630 the next day.
"Barry" was towed to the anchorage at Kerama Retto 28 May, and was found too extensively damaged to warrant repair or salvage. Stripped of useful gear, she was decommissioned 21 June 1945. Later in the day, she was towed from the harbor of Kerama Retto to be used as a decoy for the "kamikazes". At 1845, while under tow, two Nakajima Ki-43 "kamikazes" attacked, coming in low over the surrounding land. One plane hit "Barry" and the other hit her escort, , sinking both ships. LSM-59 sank in four minutes while "Barry" settled to six inches of freeboard and sank the next morning despite salvage efforts.
Awards.
"Barry" was possibly the only U.S. Navy ship to receive battle stars for all three area campaign medals.


Chandelle Estates Airport

Chandelle Estates Airport is a public use airport located three nautical miles (6 km) northeast of the central business district of Dover, in Kent County, Delaware, United States. It is privately owned by RJR Airdrome, Inc.
Facilities and aircraft.
Chandelle Estates Airport covers an area of at an elevation of 22 feet (7 m) above mean sea level. It has one asphalt paved runway designated 4/22 which measures 2,533 by 28 feet (772 x 9 m). For the 12-month period ending August 23, 2007, the airport had 6,800 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 18 per day.


American Export Airlines


List of airlines of Mexico

This is a list of airlines of Mexico. The airline industry in Mexico began in 1921 with Compañía Mexicana de Transportación Aérea in Mexico City. Later known as Mexicana, it was the world's 4th oldest airline, and ceased operations on August 28, 2010.
Aeroméxico is currently Mexico's largest airline.
List.
Interjet has ceased all operations and is defunct as of December 2020.


List of defunct airlines of the Dominican Republic

This is a list of defunct airlines of the Dominican Republic.


AFWERX

AFWERX is a United States Air Force program with the goal of fostering a culture of innovation within the service. Encompassing a number of programs supported with relatively small amounts of funding, the initiative is intended to circumvent bureaucracy and engage new entrepreneurs in Air Force programs. AFWERX was officially announced by Air Force Secretary Heather Wilson on 21 July 2017 during her visit to Nellis Air Force Base. The program is partially based on the structure of Air Force Special Operations Command, and has been described as an "Island of misfit toys" for entrepreneurs in the Air Force. Secretary Wilson stated that the program would "increase lethality at a lower cost".
Purpose.
AFWERX is intended to engage inter and extra service innovators and entrepreneurs in the operations of the United States Air Force. The goal of the programs under the AFWERX umbrella is to develop effective solutions to the challenges facing the service through partnerships with private sector business entities, with particular emphasis being placed on collaboration with technology startups.
Technology accelerator.
Through AFWERX, the Air Force launched a technology accelerator program in September 2017. The technology accelerator program emphasizes the development and implementation of autonomous technologies. The goal of these developments is to increase the ability of the Air Force assets to detect, identify, attribute, and mitigate autonomous technologies. Boston based company PBTS LLC and entrepreneur networking service Techstars were contracted to operate the first accelerator program in conjunction with AFWERX.
Locations.
The first functioning AFWERX location was announced to be opening at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas in 2018, where, according to the Air Force, groups will be able to present ideas for evaluation by the service branch. The Vegas location opened in early June 2018. AFWERX opened a new facility in Austin, Texas also in June 2018, and later opened a third location in Washington D.C.


John George Will

John George Will (22 September 1892 – 25 March 1917), nicknamed the "Flying Scot," was a Scottish rugby union player and a Lieutenant in the Royal Flying Corps killed in World War I.
Will was born in Merton, Surrey, the son of Scottish physician John Kennedy Will (from Cullen, Moray) and Ella Ryng Will (from St Helens, Lancashire). He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School (1905–11) and then Downing College, Cambridge, where he played for Cambridge University RFC. He had seven caps for in 1912–14, and he was dubbed the "Flying Scot" for his playing style. Will had played in the last match before the war, the Calcutta Cup match at Inverleith against , alongside James Huggan who died in 1914, and Frederick Harding Turner and Eric Templeton Young, who died in 1915.
Will joined the Honourable Artillery Company when the war began in August 1914 and was sent to France the following month. The following April he was commissioned into the Worcestershire Hussars and then switched to the Leinster Regiment the next month. In August 1915, he was wounded in action near Hooge, Belgium. He joined the Royal Flying Corps that November and earned his pilot's certificate in England in June 1916. He remained in England as an instructor in Dover before returning to the front in February 1917 with the No. 29 Squadron.
Death.
Few official details are available concerning Will's death. According to Nigel McCrery, who wrote the book "Into Touch: Rugby Internationals Killed in the Great War", on the morning of 25 March 1917, Will took off from Le Hameau in a Nieuport 17 A6751 in a five-plane escort mission, and he and Lieutenant Christopher Guy Gilbert (aka the Dorset Flyer) never made it back. They were apparently attacked by the Red Baron's Flying Circus. Gilbert was shot down by the Baron, while Will was shot by the baron's brother Lothar von Richthofen.
Will's grave was found in December 1917, after the Allied forces made inroads into German-held territory. He was buried with a cross made from a broken propeller:
Will's remains were not reburied. He is commemorated at the Arras Flying Services Memorial.
Commemoration.
On 25 March 2017 A commemoration ceremony was held in the Memorial Garden of Merchant Taylors' School. A 36-page booklet giving full biographical details was produced and is available
here.
Unique to the commemoration was that Will's nephew, Roger Hamer, was traced and was able to attend. He donated much memorabilia, including a fragment from Will's propellor, that is now stored at the School archives


BQI


Executive airport

This is a list of airports with "Executive" in the title.


Ethiopian Airlines fleet

Ethiopian Airlines operates a fleet of Airbus A350, Boeing 737, Boeing 767, Boeing 777, Boeing 787 and Bombardier Dash Q-400 making a total fleet of 128 aircraft.
Current fleet.
, the Ethiopian Airlines fleet consists of the following aircraft:
Aside from the equipment shown above, the airline uses a number of DA40NGs for training purposes. Ethiopian Airlines had the largest dedicated cargo fleet in Africa, .
Recent developments.
In , Ethiopian Airlines signed a preliminary agreement to buy up to ten Boeing 787 Dreamliners (five firm orders plus five options), becoming the first African carrier to order 787s. On , Boeing announced that Ethiopian had exercised its purchase rights and confirmed a firm order for ten aircraft. The carrier was the first African airline to order and to operate the Boeing 777-200LR. and took possession of its first (the 900th delivered 777 model) in .
The company ordered eight Bombardier Q400s for  million in and took options on four more. During the 2009 Dubai Air Show, Ethiopian placed an order for 12 Airbus A350-900s, initially scheduled for delivery between 2016 and 2019. At November 2011, this order was the largest placed by the airline, and it evidenced the company's dissatisfaction with Boeing for the delays in the delivery of the Dreamliners, initially scheduled to enter the fleet in . In , Ethiopian Airlines announced a firm order for ten Boeing 737-800 Next Generation aircraft in a deal worth US$767 million. The first 78-seater Q400 was acquired in ; in , Ethiopian and the Ex-Im Bank signed an agreement worth  billion for a loan to finance the acquisition of the ten Dreamliners (the first scheduled for delivery in mid-) and the five Boeing 777s already in the fleet.
In , the company announced an order for four Boeing 777Fs in a deal worth  billion; Ethiopian Airlines is the first African carrier to order the aircraft. These four will join two others the airline will lease from GECAS. The first was received in mid .
Five Q400 NextGens were ordered in for  million at list prices, whereas in , an additional Boeing 777-200LR was ordered in a deal worth  million. In , the first Dreamliner was delivered to the airline, which became the third airline to operate the type on scheduled flights, preceded only by All Nippon Airways and Japan Airlines. Also in , the first Q400 NexGen was delivered, and in the same year, the airline confirmed that three additional Dreamliners would be leased from ILFC, the first of them entering service in 2015. In , Air Lease Corporation and Ethiopian Airlines announced the lease of two Boeing 777-300ERs, with deliveries in and . In early the same year, Ex-Im Bank approved around  million for Boeing to support the development of GE90-equipped long-haul aircraft for Ethiopian Airlines. The airline took delivery of its first Boeing 777-300ER in . That month, during the Dubai Air Show, Palma Holding signed a letter of intent with Bombardier for Q400s to be leased to Ethiopian; the order was firmed up in . In the carrier announced a firm order for 20 Boeing 737 MAX 8s and commitments for 15 more. In , Ethiopian Airlines had the most numerous fleet in Africa. In 2015 the airline planned to buy 15 to 20 of Boeing's new 777X planes worth about $7.4 billion at list prices. Although the airline had initially planned to buy Airbus' A350-1000 jets, it switched to the 777X as it is more suitable for operations at their high-altitude hub in Addis Ababa. It was the first airline in Africa to acquire a Boeing 787 full-flight simulator.
The airline received its first Airbus A350 XWB in . At the 2017 Paris Airshow, Ethiopian announced an additional firm order for 10 Airbus A350-900s, and committed to purchasing two Boeing 777 Freighter aircraft. The airline also exercised its options for 10 Boeing 737 MAX 8s they had from their original order in 2014, extending the largest 737 MAX order by an African carrier. In October 2017, the airline took delivery of its first Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner, making it the first airline in Africa to take delivery and operate the type. During the 2017 Dubai Airshow, Ethiopian Airlines placed a firm order for four Boeing 777 Freighters, valued at more than $1.3 billion at list prices; these aircraft will be powered with GE90-115B engines.
In January 2018, Ethiopian Airlines' Cargo and Logistics Services signed an agreement with aircraft lessor GECAS to lease two Boeing 737-800SF freighters. With deliveries set for June 2018 and January 2019 respectively, these passenger aircraft will be converted into freighter aircraft by Miami, Florida-based Aeronautical Engineers Inc. (AEI). Later that year, Ethiopian Airlines placed a repeat order for the Bombardier Q400 turboprop aircraft. This additional purchase includes a firm order for 10 Q400s in a deal worth  million plus purchase rights for five additional aircraft of the type. In June, Ethiopian Airlines took delivery of its 100th aircraft, a Boeing 787-9; making history as the first airline in Africa to operate a total of 100 aeroplanes in its fleet as part of its fleet expansion and modernisation. The airline took delivery of its first Boeing 737 MAX 8 in July 2018.
In May 2019, Ethiopian Airlines reached an agreement with the government of Ghana, foreshadowing the setup of a new national airline in Accra to rejuvenate its aviation sector. According to "The Reporter", the coming airline is supposed to be home-based, and Ghana, as well as its private sector, will have a minimum of 51 percent stake in the development.
Historical fleet.
Following is a list of equipment previously operated by Ethiopian. Helicopters and light aircraft were available for leasing to Government agencies as well as to be used on natural resources projects.


84th Expeditionary Air Support Operations Squadron

The 84th Expeditionary Air Support Operations Squadron (84 EASOS) is a provisional United States Air Force unit.
History.
The squadron was constituted as the 84th Tactical Air Control Flight on 24 June 1969 and activated on the next day at George Air Force Base with the 4469th Tactical Control Squadron. The flight soon transferred to the 607th Tactical Control Squadron on 15 October of that year, and was awarded the Air Force Outstanding Unit Award for the period between 1 January 1972 and 31 December 1973. After relocating to Luke Air Force Base on 1 January 1976, it transferred to the 602nd Tactical Air Control Wing on 1 March 1977 before inactivation on 1 October 1979. Again activated on 1 October 1985 at the Little Mountain Test Annex of Hill Air Force Base with the 602nd to provide radar surveillance, the 84th was inactivated on 15 June 1988.
It was redesignated as the 84th Expeditionary Air Support Operations Squadron on 12 February 2009 and simultaneously converted to provisional status. Assigned to Air Combat Command, the squadron is to activate or inactivate as needed.


North Wing Apache

The North Wing Apache is an American two-seat ultralight trike designed and produced by North Wing Design of East Wenatchee, Washington. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction.
Design and development.
The aircraft was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category, including the category's maximum gross weight of . It features a "topless" strut-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight shift controls, a two-seats-in-tandem open cockpit, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.
The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its double-surface wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its span wing is supported by streamlined struts, in place of the more commonly used cables and kingpost. The Apache is controlled with a conventional weight shift "A" frame control bar. Standard features include a fiberglass cockpit fairing, wheel pants, nosewheel brakes and stowage bags. Dual control steering and throttle are optional for flight training use. The supplied engines include the Rotax 503 twin-cylinder, two-stroke, air-cooled powerplant of and the Rotax 582 twin-cylinder, two-stroke, liquid-cooled powerplant of .
The strut-braced wing provides a number of advantages over the traditional cable braced wing, including reduced overall height for hangaring, reduced drag and improved appearance.
A total of 72 examples had been delivered by February 2005.


Samuel W. Mitcham

Samuel W. Mitcham Jr. is an American writer of military history who specializes in the German war effort during World War II. He is the author of more than 40 books.
Education and career.
Mitcham was born in Mer Rouge, Louisiana, in 1949. He was a U.S. Army helicopter pilot during the Vietnam War. He studied journalism at Northeast Louisiana University and science at the North Carolina State. Mitcham earned his Ph.D. in geography in 1986 from University of Tennessee. He was an assistant professor of earth sciences at the University of Louisiana at Monroe. Mitcham was consulted by CBS, the BBC, and The History Channel.
Non-fiction author.
Mitcham is the author of more than 40 books on military history, including orders of battle, operational studies and prosopography, focusing on the careers of the Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS figures. In "Defenders of Fortress Europe", Mitcham utilized over 200 previously unreleased personnel files to build a picture of the German command class facing the Allied invasion. He focuses on personal and political differences among the officer class, which ultimately contributed to the defeat of the German forces in Normandy. Mitcham also explores their motivations, often highly self-serving. He shows that the in-fighting took on political as well as class dimensions, as illustrated by the power struggle between Gerd von Rundstedt, the nominal commander in the West, and Erwin Rommel, the de facto leader in Normandy.
Mitcham's work on the Eastern Front, the 2001 "The German Defeat in the East, 1944-1945" utilises outdated secondary sources and provides a single-sided German perspective. The historian Lee Baker describes the book as "not about the defeat of Germany on the eastern front by the Red Army, but rather a tale of German heroism and bungled orders from German command structures". He further characterises the book as "very old-fashioned" and relying "solely upon German sources or obsolete interpretations from the Cold War era".


682 Direct Air Support Operations Squadron

The 682 Direct Air Support Operations Squadron is an operational component of the Tactical Air Control System. The 682 DASOS is assigned to the 18th Air Support Operations Group, Pope Field, North Carolina, which is a direct reporting agency of 9th Air Force.
The unit's primary function is to coordinate and direct the tactical air effort in the support of land forces and provide fast reaction to satisfy immediate requests from the Army for close air support. The ASOS provides advice and assistance to Army commanders concerning the employment of all Air Force resources and may be granted scramble and control authority over sorties designated to fulfill Army requirements.
The squadron is aligned with the Army's 18th Airborne Corps, but also supports United States Army Central (ARCENT).
When deployed, the ASOS forms an Air Support Operations Center (ASOC) under the operational control of the Joint Forces Air Component Commander (JFACC), through the Air Operations Center (AOC).
The 682 DASOS employs several types of communication systems. Capabilities include tactical satellite, troposcatter, line-of-site, and other various radio systems for communicating with air and ground forces.


Aerodynamics Inc.

Aerodynamics Inc., also known as ADI, was an American charter airline that began offering scheduled services subsidized by the Essential Air Service program in 2016 under a codeshare agreement with Great Lakes Airlines. It was purchased in 2018 by California Pacific Airlines.
Corporate history.
The airline was based in Kennesaw, Georgia and the airline's website claims it was founded in 1959.
The airline filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy re-organization in August 2013. The company had also owned a large contract maintenance operation at Oakland County International Airport which was shut down in 2012.
Business Aircraft Group, Inc's . CEO M.L. (Mike) Hoyle provided the DIP financing along with establishing a new company who performed the "stalking horse" duties to bring ADI out of bankruptcy. Hoyle held the position of Chairman for 12 months following ADI's emergence from bankruptcy before divesting his interest in ADI.
In 2015 the airline was purchased from its former owner Scott Beale by John and Janet Beardsley. The Beardsleys also owned SeaPort Airlines which filed for bankruptcy in February 2016. Seaport was later shut down and liquidated that September.
At the end of 2017 Aerodynamics was purchased by California Pacific Airlines, a startup regional carrier based in Carlsbad, California in North San Diego County. The purchase included Aerodynamics' fleet of four planes and its contract serving Pierre and Watertown.<ref name="reader 11/17"></ref>
Scheduled air service.
The airline first applied and was selected to operate subsidized Essential Air Service flights to Kearney, Nebraska; Scottsbluff, Nebraska; and Pierre, South Dakota in 2015. Later the United States Department of Transportation blocked its authority to operate those flights because of concerns over owner-operator Scott Beale's fitness to operate the airline and his history of defrauding suppliers. This ultimately triggered the purchase of the company by the Beardsleys and the DOT later restored the airline's operating authority.
The airline operated its first scheduled flight between Youngstown–Warren Regional Airport in Youngstown, Ohio and O'Hare International Airport in Chicago on July 1, 2016. The flights were operated under a codeshare with Great Lakes Airlines as Great Lakes Jet Express, with ADI expecting that this arrangement would allow them to take advantage of Great Lakes' interline agreement with United Airlines for connections in Chicago. However, United refused to honor that agreement as Great Lakes did not at that time offer any flights of their own to Chicago. The service ceased abruptly on August 17 of the same year, less than two months after it started.
The airline began Essential Air Service flights from Denver International Airport to Pierre Regional Airport with onward continuing service to Watertown Regional Airport (in Watertown, South Dakota) on August 15, 2016. These flights were also operated under the Great Lakes Jet Express branding, but in this case the interline agreement was honored by United, as the flights were handled and dispatched like regular Great Lakes flights; Denver is Great Lakes' largest hub.
In 2017 the airline bid for EAS flying under the name "SkyValue Airlines."
On March 26, 2018, Great Lakes Airlines announced that operations would be suspended effective at midnight. However, certain segments of the company continue to operate, including Great Lakes Jet Express flights to Pierre and Watertown in South Dakota. Ground employees handling ADI's flights became employees of ADI, although Great Lakes continued handling ADI's ticketing for a time.
On May 29, 2018, ADI was purchased by California Pacific Airlines. For a few months it did business as California Pacific on the Pierre/Watertown route, as well as California Pacific's intended markets out of McClellan–Palomar Airport. However, in December 2018 CPA suspended its West Coast operations, and in January 2019 its EAS operations were abruptly shut down as well, leaving Pierre (the capital of South Dakota) and Watertown without any scheduled commercial air service.
Fleet.
Aerodynamics, Inc. operated fleet of Embraer ERJ-145 regional jet aircraft with 50 seats.
Destinations.
ADI operated scheduled flights to the following destinations :


Artur von Casimir

Artur von Casimir (4 September 1908 - 15 December 2005) was a German "Oberst" and former bomber pilot who flew for the "Luftwaffe" during World War II. Since 2004 he has received a great deal of publicity in Norway. One of the Heinkel He 111 he flew was recovered from Jonsvatnet lake near Trondheim in 2004, where it had been submerged since falling through the ice during the spring thaw in April 1940. He commanded "Kampfgruppe" 100 during the German invasion of Norway, and led the air raids on Namsos on 20 April 1940 (See Namsos Campaign). He assumed the position of "Gruppenkommandeur" over "KGr. 100" on 16 February 1940.
Von Casimir was shot down by two Hawker Hurricane fighters from the British No. 46 Squadron RAF during an attack on Skånland in Troms on 29 May 1940. He made an emergency landing at Ulsvåg in Nordland and was captured. Von Casimir was first held as a prisoner of war by the Norwegians, before being transferred to British custody.


Piacenza Air Base

Piacenza-San Damiano Air Base was a military airport located in Piacenza, Emilia-Romagna, Italy, which was closed on 1 September 2017.


List of airlines of Chile

This is a list of airlines which have an Air Operator Certificate issued by the Civil Aviation Authority of Chile.


List of defunct airlines of Finland

This is a list of defunct airlines of Finland.


Athol Richardson

Athol Railton Richardson (15 May 1897 – 22 May 1982) was an Australian politician and judge. Richardson represented the Electoral district of Ashfield for the United Australia Party and the Liberal Party from 11 May 1935 until 5 February 1952.
Early life.
Richardson was born to parents Stephen Arthur Richardson, a Salvation Army officer, and mother Elizabeth Sarah Urquhart in Newcastle, New South Wales. Richardson jnr served in World War I in the 2nd and 4th squadrons of the Australian Flying Corps in France from 1917 till 1919. He married Isabel McCrea Watson on 23 February 1928 and had one daughter and one son.
Political career.
Richardson entered politics by contesting and winning the Electoral district of Ashfield for the United Australia Party at the 1935 election. He was subsequently re-elected to the seat of Ashfield at the 1938, 1941 and 1944 elections. He resigned to unsuccessfully contest the federal seat of Parkes in 1946. He regained Ashfield at the subsequent by-election and retained it at the 1947 and 1950 elections.
During his time in parliament he held various ministerial portfolio's including Minister for Social Services (13 October 1938 – 5 August 1939), Minister for Health (22 February 1939 – 30 June 1939), Minister for Labour and Industry (26 June 1939 – 5 August 1939) and Treasurer (16 August 1939 – 16 May 1941). He was also Deputy Leader of the Opposition for 1941 until 1945.
Richardson retired from politics upon his appointment as a Judge of the Supreme Court in 1952. During his judicial tenure, Richardson remained a member of the Liberal Party; Tom Hughes describes him as a man of 'orderly habits', but criticises him as 'a well-meaning man who gained marks only for sincerity and effort'. Richardson retired from the bench in 1967.
Death and honours.
Richardson died on 22 May 1982, at Darling Point, New South Wales, Australia.


Peter Ottewill

Peter Guy Ottewill (5 November 1915 – 31 January 2003) was an English RAF officer who during the Second World War in 1943 rescued two airmen from a Bristol Beaufighter which had crashed into an ammunition store at RAF Kirknewton during take-off, and was awarded the George Medal.
Educated at The John Roan School, he joined the RAF in 1931. Initially an armourer, he trained as a Hurricane pilot, serving with 43 Squadron at the evacuation of Dunkirk; and was one of the first servicemen ever to have plastic surgery. The George Medal citation said:
After the war he was seconded to the Royal Australian Air Force and served in Korea. He was then a Staff Officer with 2nd Tactical Air Force and worked at NATO headquarters before his final post as a Station commander.


RotorWay Exec

The RotorWay Exec is a family of American two-bladed, skid-equipped, two-seat kit helicopters, manufactured by RotorWay International of Chandler, Arizona and supplied in kit form for amateur-construction.
Design and development.
The Exec 162F is the latest in the Exec series of helicopters manufactured by RotorWay International.
The RotorWay Scorpion design was updated with an aluminum tail and full fiberglass cockpit enclosure to become the Exec. The Exec 90 was developed in the early 1990s, it was, at the time, the only piston-powered helicopter to utilize an asymmetrical airfoil for improved autorotation characteristics and safety.
In 1994, a fuel injection system with electronic ignition, and FADEC was added to the Exec 90, producing the Exec 162F.
Unlike most U.S.-designed helicopters, the main rotor on the Exec 162F rotates clockwise, as seen from above.
The Exec series was further developed into the RotorWay A600 Talon, which replaced the Exec in production.
Operational history.
Comedian and ventriloquist Jeff Dunham has a custom-painted Rotorway Exec 162F with his name and a picture of Walter on the aircraft.


Harold Rushworth

Harold Montague Rushworth (18 August 1880 – 25 April 1950) was a New Zealand politician of the Country Party.
Early life.
Rushworth was born in Croydon, England and was educated at Rugby School and Jesus College, Oxford, graduating with a degree in law. He became a civil engineer and surveyor and worked for the London County Council from 1905 until 1914. Joining the 7th Battalion City of London regiment at the outbreak of the First World War. In September 1915 he was seriously wounded during the Battle of Loos and lost his right knee. Later in the war he learned to fly and joined the Royal Flying Corps but was shot down over Paschendale in August 1917. He was held captive for three months before being repatriated due to his injury. He emigrated to New Zealand in 1923.
New Zealand politics.
He started farming at Opua and became an active member of the New Zealand Farmers' Union, rising to become the leader of the Auckland Province. He was the Member of Parliament for the Bay of Islands electorate from 1929 to 1938, when he retired. He won the seat in 1928, but the result of the election was declared void on 28 January 1929. He then won the subsequent by-election for the seat on 10 April 1929.
Arthur Sexton was the other member of parliament for the Country Party, and he was defeated in 1938. The Country Party disappeared soon after the 1938 election, having lost their two seats. In 1935 Labour did not run candidates in those two seats; but they did in 1938.
In 1935, he was awarded the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal.
Death.
Harold Rushworth died on 25 April 1950 at Castor Bay, Auckland. He was survived by his wife, one son and two daughters.