Gantry crane

A gantry crane is a crane built atop a gantry, which is a structure used to straddle an object or workspace. They can range from enormous "full" gantry cranes, capable of lifting some of the heaviest loads in the world, to small shop cranes, used for tasks such as lifting automobile engines out of vehicles. They are also called portal cranes, the "portal" being the empty space straddled by the gantry.
The terms gantry crane and overhead crane (or bridge crane) are often used interchangeably, as both types of crane straddle their workload. The distinction most often drawn between the two is that with gantry cranes, the entire structure (including gantry) is usually wheeled (often on rails). By contrast, the supporting structure of an overhead crane is fixed in location, often in the form of the walls or ceiling of a building, to which is attached a movable hoist running overhead along a rail or beam (which may itself move). Further confusing the issue is that gantry cranes may also incorporate a movable beam-mounted hoist in addition to the entire structure being wheeled, and some overhead cranes are suspended from a freestanding gantry.
Variants.
Ship-to-shore gantry crane.
Ship-to-shore gantry cranes are imposing, multi-story structures prominent at most container terminals, used to load intermodal containers on and off container ships. They operate along two rails (waterside and landside designations) spaced based on the size of crane to be used.
Lateral movement system:
Vertical frame and braces:
Crane boom:
Hook:
Operating cabin:
Storage equipment:
Ship-to-shore gantry cranes are often used in pairs or teams of cranes in order to minimize the time required to load and unload vessels. As container ship sizes and widths have increased throughout the 20th Century, ship-to-shore gantry cranes and the implementation of ship-to-shore gantry cranes has become more unique in order to effectively load and unload vessels while maximizing profitability and minimizing time in port. One example are systems where specialized berths built that accommodate one vessel at a time with ship-to-shore gantry cranes on both sides of the vessel. This allows for more cranes and double the workspace under the cranes to be used for transporting cargo off dock.
The first quayside container gantry crane was developed in 1959 by Paceco Corporation.
Full gantry crane.
Full gantry cranes (where the load remains beneath the gantry structure, supported from a beam) are well suited to lifting massive objects such as ships' engines, as the entire structure can resist the torque created by the load, and counterweights are generally not required. These are often found in shipyards where they are used to move large ship components together for construction. They use a complex system of cables and attachments to support the massive loads undertaken by the full gantry cranes.
Some full gantry cranes of note are Samson and Goliath and Taisun. Samson and Goliath are two full gantry cranes located in the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast. They have spans of and can lift loads of up to to a height of . In 2008, the world's strongest gantry crane, Taisun, which can lift , was installed in Yantai, China at the Yantai Raffles Shipyard. In 2012, a capacity crane, the "Honghai Crane" was planned for construction in Qidong City, China.
Rubber-tyred gantry crane.
Smaller gantry cranes are also available running on rubber tyres so that tracks are not needed. Rubber tyred gantry cranes are essential for moving containers from berths throughout the rest of the yard. For this task they come in large sizes, as pictured to the right, that are used for moving to straddle multiple lanes of rail, road, or container storage. They also are capable of lifting fully loaded containers to great heights. Smaller rubber tyred gantry cranes come in the form of straddle carriers which are used when moving individual containers or vertical stacks of containers.
Portable gantry crane systems, such as rubber tyred gantry cranes, are in high demand in terminals and ports restricted in size and reliant on maximizing vertical space and not needing to haul containers long distances. This is due to the relatively slow speed yet high reach of rubber tyred gantry cranes when compared to other forms of container terminal equipment.
Portable gantry crane.
Portable gantry cranes are used to lift and transport smaller items, usually less than . They are widely used in the HVAC, machinery moving and fine art installation industries. Some portable gantry cranes are equipped with an enclosed track, while others use an I-beam, or other extruded shapes, for the running surface. Most workstation gantry cranes are intended to be stationary when loaded, and mobile when unloaded. Workstation Gantry Cranes can be outfitted with either a wire rope hoist or a lower capacity chain hoist.


Heinke (diving equipment manufacturer)

Heinke was a series of companies that made diving equipment in London, run by members of a Heinke family.
Timeline.
WWII and after.
Unlike Siebe Gorman, who had only one series of serial numbers for their diving helmets, except for the last productions (which were meant most probably for the Russian Navy), Heinke used many series of serial numbers for them.


Moscow Power Engineering Institute

National Research University "Moscow Power Engineering Institute" (MPEI) is a Russian higher education institution offering training in the fields of Power Engineering, Electric Engineering, Radio Engineering, Electronics, Information Technologies and Management.
History.
MPEI was founded in 1930. In 2011 it obtained the status of National Research University. Therefore, the new official name is National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute”.
In the world of emerging challenges, MPEI could actually be recognized as an ark that brings stability and quality in education. The well-settled high percentage of graduates that are successfully employed in their home countries has always been an advantage of MPEI study. The Russian core of MPEI student medium benefits from quality lecturers and professors, as well as the foreigners that take the Preliminary course of Russian language beforehand, or those who study in several English groups.
About MPEI.
At MPEI there are 12 Institutes, 65 departments, 176 scientific laboratories, research construction bureau and test factory, unique educational TPP, educational Solar Power Plant, the biggest scientific technical library countrywide, stadium “Energia”, palace of culture and a swimming pool.
Among the teaching staff there are 7 Academicians of RAS, 262 Science Doctors, 715 Philosophy Doctors.
The Study Campus is in Moscow Lefortovo district. The dormitories for students, health center, canteens, cafes are at the Campus at the Energeticheskaya, Lapina, 1st Sininchkina streets and Energeticheskiy passway. The newspaper “Power Engineer”, the “Radio MPEI” and the “MPEI TV” are all part of students’ cultural ambience.
MPEI has prepared more than 200,000 specialists in different branches of science and technics.
Student life at MPEI.
Lectures at MPEI are read professionally. Standard student’s scholarship is about 2000 roubles. The study week consists of 6 working days.
In the first years’ vacation time students can participate in the construction camp work and in the senior years practice work at the enterprises is compulsory.
The Spartakiade of the faculties in 9 sports is held annually, as well as the “Miss 1st year” contest, “Miss MPEI”, “KVN”, faculty meetings and disco parties. The Radio MPEI project was founded in 2011 and since then has been constantly warming up the lunch break ambiance. The project was totally organized by students and is a subdivision of the Students’ Trade Committee.
Teaching international students.
Foreigners, starting from the 1950s, were entering MPEI without entrance exams. In order to raise their Russian knowledge to the satisfactory level, MPEI organized pre-university training courses. In these courses, foreigners are studying Russian language and specialized subjects in Russian.
Foreigners from 70 countries study at the University. Graduates who decided to work as MPEI teachers, are welcome to continue their education at the Faculty of Qualification Raising or to fulfill the long-term 10-month science internship.
Cooperation.
MPEI is an actual member of many international associations:
UNESCO, UNIDO, IAEA, International Association for Continuous Engineering Education, International Coordination Council of Educational Institutions Alumni, CIGRE Russian National Committee, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Council on Superconductivity, World Wind Energy Association, European Association for International Education, Association of International Departments of Technical Universities of Central and Eastern Europe.
Following institutes are subdivisions of the University.
More information could be find on the University website: www.mpei.ru


Saudi Arabian Fertilizer Company

Safco is the first petrochemical company in Saudi Arabia. It was established in 1965. SAFCO is one of the largest producers of chemicals in the world with an annual production capacity of over 4.9 million tons of fertilizers. SABIC owns 42.99% with 57.01% being held by the private sector and the public.
Operations.
SAFCO is one of the largest producers of urea in the world with an annual production capacity of over 2.6 million tons of urea while its ammonia annual production capacity is 2.3 million tons. Also SAFCO owns 3.87% share in the capital of Arabian Industrial Fibers Company (IBN RUSHD) and 1.69% in the capital of Yanbu National Petrochemical Company (YANSAB).


SmILE

SmILE is a showcase car designed for Greenpeace in 1996 to demonstrate how fuel efficient a car can be. The name stands for "Small, Intelligent, Light, Efficient'. It is based on the Renault Twingo, halving its fuel consumption to 3.3 l/100km (30 km/l or 85 mpg (imperial) / 68 mpg (US)).
An important issue in the design was that it should use off-the-shelf technology (parts and know-how). As a result, in mass production it should not cost significantly more than a 'heavier' equivalent. The engine should even be cheaper because it is made of fewer parts. However, parts that would be more expensive are supercharging (be it pressure wave supercharger or turbo-supercharger) and the wheels and the wheel suspension, which are made of aluminium.
The major changes made to the Twingo are:
The main consumption change of the engine stems from its more frequent use in the higher load range, which results in higher thermal stress. This is compensated for by an ingenious cooling system. The mean piston velocities are in the customary range. The use of the latest technologies in materials and surface coatings guarantees stability of piston rings and cylinder bearing surfaces despite the higher pressures due to supercharging.
At least a further 80 kg weight reduction could be achieved through the use of fibre composite materials, a smaller tank and replacing the glass windows with polycarbonate, but these modifications were not selected. The changes did not alter the safety standards of the Twingo and the airbag and lateral collision protection were kept in place. Aluminium accounts for 45 kg of the weight of the SmILE (7%), through replacement of both axles, wheel suspension and seat structure. In average cars in Europe this is 65 kg (6%) and rising. One problem with aluminium is the high energy cost of primary production. However, recycled aluminium has a much lower energy cost and identical mechanical properties.
In Germany, around 10% of all cars are replaced annually by new vehicles, so if all new vehicles had the SmILE standard that would mean an annual reduction of the CO2 emissions of the car fleet by 5%. A similar reduction in fuel consumption would be possible for all petrol cars, but not diesels because they are heavier (and require heavier batteries). The Twingo was chosen because of its favourable ratio between internal space and exterior and because it is a reasonable all-round car for everyone (it is the most imported car in Germany).
Greenpeace says that ultimately, this car is not a definitive solution. Reduction of the number of cars is still necessary, also to reduce other problems, such as traffic jams, the emission of toxic substances in cities, the death toll on roads (over a million per year) and the destruction (and carving up) of nature to build roads. Alternative fuels would be a better solution, but time is pressing, so an intermediate off-the-shelf solution like the SmILE is needed.
The car was designed by the Swiss company of Wenko. For this, they received a loan of roughly 1.3 million euro from Greenpeace, which they will return if the engine concept is taken over by a manufacturer for series production or profits are obtained from issuing licences.


Vayyar

Vayyar Imaging Ltd. (Hebrew:  ואייאר הדמאה בע"מ) is an Israeli semiconductor company that produces 4D imaging radar sensors. Initially developed to provide a more effective means of screening for early-stage breast cancer, Vayyar’s Radar-on-Chip technology is now used in a number of other sectors, including automotive, senior care, retail, smart home and commercial property.
Vayyar has around 200 employees as of January 2021. The company is based in Israel with operations spanning across the globe.
History.
Vayyar was founded in 2011 by Raviv Melamed, Miri Ratner and Naftali Chayat. CEO Raviv Melamed was previously VP of Architecture Group at Intel and General Manager of Intel's Worldwide Mobile Wireless Group. The company is based in Yehud. The company's name "Vayyar," is derived from the biblical term וירא in the book of Genesis (Chap1:4,6,10,12,18,21), meaning "to see."
The company’s sensor technology was originally developed to screen for breast cancer, as a more accessible and effective alternative to mammograms. Over time, Vayyar expanded to industries including automotive, retail, security, senior care, smart home, signal testing, and agriculture.
In May 2012, the company secured its seed round of funding. Since then there have been a total of four rounds of fundraising, raising $188 million in venture funds.
Products.
Vayyar’s best-known product is Walabot DIY, a wall scanner and stud finder that detects pipes, electrical wiring and rodents inside drywall, concrete and lath and plaster.
The company also manufactures Walabot HOME, a fall detection device featuring a touchscreen interface and supporting voice commands used to safeguard older adults in elderly care communities, hospitals, and private residences. Vayyar Home is a new, updated version of Walabot HOME which provides completely automatic and passive fall detection without requiring any user input.
In the automotive industry, Vayyar delivers solutions for both in-car and ADAS safety. Inside the car, the technology supports applications such as Child Presence Detection (CPD) and enhanced Seat Belt Reminders, while externally, the sensors can be used for blind spot detection, collision warnings, advanced parking assistance, cross-traffic alerts, autonomous emergency braking, reverse monitoring, adaptive cruise control and lane change assist.
Vayyar also provides Vector Signal and Network Analyzers for signal generation and testing.  Other uses for Vayyar technology include imaging systems for homeland security, retail sensors for shopper insights and inventory monitoring, safety applications in industrial robotics, and agricultural solutions used to analyze soil saturation and the composition of liquids such as milk.
Vayyar also supplies a range of UWB-mmWave modules used by developers, product designers and engineers. These include the Walabot Maker (6-8 GHz) line, EVKs for smart home, retail and automotive applications (60 and 79 GHz) and Vayyar Element (60Ghz).
Awards and Recognition.
Vayyar has received the following mentions:


Wolk v. Kodak Imaging Network, Inc.

Wolk v. Kodak Imaging Network, Inc., 840 F. Supp. 2d 724 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 3, 2012), was a United States district court case in which the visual artist Sheila Wolk brought suit against Kodak Imaging Network, Inc., Eastman Kodak Company, and Photobucket.com, Inc. for copyright infringement. Users uploaded Wolk's work to Photobucket, a user-generated content provider, which had a revenue sharing agreement with Kodak that permitted users to use Kodak Gallery to commercially print (photofinish) images from Photobucket's site—including unauthorized copies of Wolk's artwork.
The court held that Kodak was not liable for direct copyright infringement because its photofinishing system relied on an automated process, and liability requires volitional conduct beyond "mere ownership of a machine used by others to make illegal copies." The court also held that Photobucket was protected under the safe-harbor provisions of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). This case is one of the few to analyze the forms of injunctive relief available to plaintiffs suing online service providers protected from copyright liability by DMCA safe-harbor provisions.
Facts.
Prior to filing suit, Wolk sent fifteen takedown notices to Photobucket relating to nine of Wolk's works which Photobucket users had uploaded. Eleven of these notices did not comply with § 512(c)(3) of the DMCA () because they neglected to include the URLs for the infringing posts.
Photobucket promptly removed the infringing content in response to all of Wolk's DMCA-compliant notices and some of her non-compliant notices. However, Wolk also wanted Photobucket to proactively remove future posts containing the material she identified without the need for her to send additional notices.
Photobucket's agreement with Kodak relied on an automated system which transferred images from the Photobucket website to the Kodak Gallery, where "prints and other items incorporating the photographs" would be available for purchase from Kodak. Wolk described ten incidents in which Kodak "allegedly made, sold and shipped products using Wolk's copyrighted images without obtaining Wolk's permission or a valid license."
Court opinion.
Preliminary injunction.
Wolk moved for a preliminary injunction to prevent Photobucket from infringing her copyrights. To obtain a preliminary injunction, a plaintiff must prove either "a likelihood of success on the merits" or "irreparable harm, that the balance of hardships falls in her favor, or that public policy supports her sought-after relief."
The court held that Wolk's claims were unlikely to succeed on the merits because Photobucket qualified for safe-harbor protections under the DMCA. Specifically, Photobucket qualified for the safe-harbor protections of because (1) Photobucket fell within the statutory definition of "service provider," (2) it implemented a policy to deal with repeat infringers, (3) it did not interfere with "standard technical measures," and (4) under the circumstances of this case, it met the requirements for protection. Wolk argued that her notices to Photobucket identifying specific instances of infringement also served as notices of present and future infringement, effectively requiring Photobucket to police its site for user activity that infringes Wolk's copyrights. The court held that the DMCA imposes no such obligation on service providers.
Because Photobucket qualified for DMCA safe-harbor protections, the injunctive relief available to Wolk was limited to the three types enumerated in : an order restraining the provider from providing access to the infringing material or activity, an order restraining access to an account engaging in infringing activity, or other relief that the court deems necessary to prevent specific instances of infringement. The court held that this section provided no relief to Wolk because Photobucket had already complied with all of her takedown notices.
The court also found that Wolk failed to demonstrate irreparable harm, that the balance of hardships weighed in her favor, or that the injunction would serve the public interest.
Because she failed to prove the elements necessary to obtain a preliminary injunction, the court denied Wolk's motion.
Summary judgment.
On May 2, 2011, Wolk moved for summary judgment against Photobucket and Kodak. In response, both Photobucket and Kodak filed cross-motions for summary judgment against Wolk. The court denied Wolk's motions and granted the motions of Photobucket and Kodak.
Courts will grant summary judgment if the evidence shows "that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and that the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Courts ask "whether the evidence presents a sufficient disagreement to require submission to a jury or whether it is so one-sided that one party must prevail as a matter of law."
Kodak.
In her motion for summary judgment against Kodak, Wolk argued that Kodak directly infringed her copyrights by copying her images and printing them on products for its customers. She argued that she was entitled to statutory damages of up to $150,000 for each instance of infringement because Kodak "wilfully infringed" her copyrights.
To prevail on a claim of direct infringement, a plaintiff must prove that the defendant engaged in "volitional conduct" that caused the infringement. Here, the court held that "there is no evidence of volitional conduct, thereby preventing Wolk from establishing direct liability." Kodak fulfilled orders from Photobucket through an automatic computer system without any human intervention. Since the process was entirely automated, Kodak lacked the volition necessary to hold it liable for direct infringement.
Since Kodak could not be held liable for direct infringement, the court did not reach the questions of whether Kodak qualified for DMCA safe harbors, whether its infringement was "willful", or whether Wolk was entitled to statutory damages for each work of art infringed.
Photobucket.
In her motion for summary judgment against Photobucket, Wolk argued that Photobucket was liable for direct, contributory, and vicarious copyright infringement.
First, the court held that Photobucket was entitled to safe-harbor protections under the DMCA. It found that Photobucket satisfied the three threshold requirements for safe-harbor protections: (1) it was a "service provider" within the statutory definition, (2) it adopted and reasonably implemented a policy to block repeat infringers, and (3) it accommodated and did not interfere with "standard technical measures." The court also found that Photobucket met the requirements for protection under , which creates a safe harbor for service providers that host "[i]nformation residing on systems or networks at [the] direction of users." The court addressed five points in its analysis of Photobucket's safe harbor under :
The court concluded that "Photobucket is able to take advantage of the 'safe harbor' provision under ." Thus Photobucket was not liable for direct copyright infringement.
Wolk also argued that Photobucket was secondarily liable for contributory and vicarious copyright infringement. The court held that the safe harbor under protected Photobucket from these claims. Even without the safe harbor protections, however, the court noted that Wolk's claims for secondary liability would fail.
Commentary.
Eric Goldman wrote that "this is the most detailed judicial discussion of 512(j) to date", offering a substantial interpretation of the DMCA's injunctive provisions. He also wrote that this case establishes "useful boundary-setting for service providers" in future scenarios when those providers might find themselves faced with "copyright owners who want turnkey never-infringe-my-stuff-again services."
Martin Schwimmer of "The Trademark Blog" pointed out that Photobucket may not have pre-screening methods in place to police infringement, but larger companies like eBay do have this technology. He also commented that "it will continue to be cheaper and more effective to place intermediaries on actual notice than to bring 'constructive' notice/they shoulda known' litigations."
Thomas Yohannan of the California Western School of Law wrote that this case is "a reminder that the responsibility of finding infringing works is up to the copyright holder, not the website. A website that complies with the DMCA safe harbors is responsible for removing UGC (user-generated content) only if the copyright holder notifies them of the specific illegal content at that moment (a 512(c)(3) takedown notice). It's not responsible for future occurrences."
Joe Mullin of GigaOm wrote that "the fact that Photobucket was found to easily fit into the 'safe harbor' provided by the DMCA suggests that the path for internet companies to stay safe from copyright allegations is getting clearer in the wake of recent major decisions, such as the YouTube case."
Photofinishing liability.
Photofinishing is the business or process of printing photographs from film negatives or digital images. This case, which released Kodak from liability associated with photofinishing, marks a possible departure from earlier cases holding photofinishers liable for creating unauthorized prints of copyrighted works. For instance, In 1999, the Professional Photographers of America sued Kmart, seeking $600,000 in damages and an injunction to prevent Kmart from violating copyright law by printing copyright protected images for their customers. Retailers have sought to avoid liability by refusing to print high-quality images without written releases from photographers.
In this case, the court established that the transmission of images from Photobucket to the Kodak Gallery did "not constitute a volitional act" because it was the result of an automated process. Eric Goldman commented that "Kodak's system was completely automated only because Kodak's engineers designed it that way,", and that "a richer theoretical grounding for the volitional doctrine and how it interplays with strict liability" could add clarity to this result. Goldman added that "this ruling has to be encouraging for other automated photofinishers (whether they print photos or other items), such as CafePress or Zazzle."


Koderma Thermal Power Station

Koderma Thermal Power Station is a coal-based thermal power plant located in Banjhedih, Jainagar CD block, Koderma district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. The power plant is operated by the Damodar Valley Corporation.
Capacity.
It has an installed capacity of 1000 Mega Watts.


Aberthaw power stations

Aberthaw Power Station refers to two decommissioned coal-fired and co-fired biomass power stations on the coast of South Wales, near Barry in the Vale of Glamorgan. They were located at Limpert Bay, near the villages of Gileston and West Aberthaw. The most recent power station on the site, Aberthaw B Power Station, co-fired biomass and as of 2008 had a generating capacity of 1,560 megawatts (MW). The power station closed on 31 March 2020.
The station was the location of a carbon capture trial system to determine whether the technology could be scaled up from lab conditions. The system consumed 1 MW.
History.
The site of the stations was a golf course before the construction of the first station. Aberthaw was constructed by the Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB) under the chairmanship of Christopher Hinton. It is known as one of the original 'Hinton Heavies', a suite of new 500 MW units procured at the time. Aberthaw "A" Power Station although recorded as first generating power on 7 February 1960, officially opened on 29 October 1963, and at the time it was the most advanced in the world. Aberthaw "B" station opened in 1971. Aberthaw "A" operated until 1995. It was subsequently demolished. Its two chimneys were the last section to be demolished, and this was done on Saturday, 25 July 1998.
The site now has three generating units, each driven by its own Foster-Wheeler boiler. From 20062007 new steam turbines were fitted, allowing each unit to generate an extra 28-30 MW of power. Each unit rated at 520 MW.
Operations.
Aberthaw burned approximately 5,0006,000 tonnes of fuel a day. The site usually burned two-thirds Welsh coal with the remainder being either foreign low-sulphur coal or biomass.
The station took its entire coal feed stock in by rail from the Vale of Glamorgan Line, under contract to DBS. Rail facilities included east- and west-facing connections to the main line, three reception sidings, No. 8 and No. 9 merry-go-round loop lines, two gross-weight and tare-weight weighbridges, two hopper wagon discharge hoppers, a former fly ash siding, an oil discharge siding, two sidings adjacent to the former A station, and two exchange sidings.
Aberthaw A.
The A station had six 100 MW turbo-alternators giving a gross output of 600 MW. The boilers operated on pulverised coal and delivered 570 kg/s of steam at 103.4 bar and 524 °C. Station cooling was by sea water. In 1980/1 the station sent out 1,718.786 GWh, the thermal efficiency was 30.23 per cent. Aberthaw A was one of the CEGB's twenty steam power stations with the highest thermal efficiency; in 1963–4 the thermal efficiency was 34.08 per cent, 34.67 per cent in 1964–5, and 34.27 per cent in 1965–6.
The output from the A station was as follows:
Aberthaw B.
The B station had 2 × 462 MW and 1 × 475 MW turbo-alternators giving a gross output of 1,399 MW. The boilers operated on pulverised coal and delivered 1,170 kg/s of steam at 158.6 bar and 566 °C. Station cooling was by sea water. In 1978/9 the station sent out 4,083.124 GWh and in 1980/1 sent out 5,620.143 GWh.
There was a gas-turbine generating facility at Aberthaw, this was commissioned in February 1967. There were three 17.5 MW gas turbines with a total rating of 52.5 MW, they delivered 0.392 GWh in the year 1980/1.
Until its closure, the Tower Colliery in Hirwaun supplied much of the coal for Aberthaw. Until 2017 coal came from the Ffos-y-fran Land Reclamation Scheme in Merthyr Tydfil. Other sources included: the Aberpergwm drift and opencast mines in the Neath Valley; and the Cwmgwrach Colliery via the Onllwyn Washery and the Tower Opencast mine based at the site of the original Tower Colliery. Further stocks were sourced from abroad, primarily Russia, and shipped in via the ports of Portbury, Avonmouth and Newport Docks.
In response to the UK government's renewable energy obligation that came into effect in April 2002, the station began firing a range of biomass materials to replace some of the coal burned. This is due to Welsh coal being less volatile than other coal and as such producing more sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide.
Flue gas desulphurization.
Aberthaw B was due for closure, but in June 2005 station owners Npower agreed to install new technology to reduce sulphur dioxide emissions by installing Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD) equipment. This was to reduce sulphur dioxide levels by 90% by 2008, when new European environmental regulations came into place. Construction of the equipment started on 21 June 2006, with a tree planting ceremony attended by the Welsh Minister for Enterprise, Innovation and Networks, Andrew Davies. The desulphurisation FGD project was being carried out by a consortium of Alstom and Amec Foster Wheeler, which was to have employed 500 workers on site at the peak of construction.
Nuclear proposal.
In 2006, it was reported that consultants for the Department of Trade and Industry had identified the site as a suitable location for a nuclear power station, based on the existing infrastructure and logistics. The department commented "We are conducting an energy review. The review is to see whether there should be a nuclear element to Britain's energy plan, and it would be a bit odd to identify sites for nuclear power stations at this time."
Court case.
On 26 March 2015, the BBC reported that the UK government was being taken to court by the European Commission over excess emissions of nitrogen oxides from Aberthaw power station. This issue was raised in the National Assembly for Wales on 10 November 2015 by Bethan Jenkins AM.
Closure.
The stations closure was first announced on 1 August 2019. The station officially closed on 31 March 2020, the same date of closure as Fiddlers Ferry Power Station in Widnes, Cheshire.


Baringo Thermal Power Station

Baringo Thermal Power Station, also Cummins Thermal Power Station, is a biogas-fired thermal power station in Kenya, the largest economy in East African Community.
Location.
The power station is located in Baringo County, in what was formerly known as Rift Valley Province, approximately , by road, north- west of Nairobi, the capital and largest city of Kenya. The approximate coordinates of Baringo Thermal Power Station are:00°30'28.0"N, 35°45'02.0"E (Latitude:0.507777; Longitude:35.750557).
Overview.
The power station, which was expected to come online in March 2015, has a maximum generating capacity of 12 Megawatts. Construction was completed in February 2015. The initial phase of the power station will produce 2.4 MW. Cummins Power Generation Limited, the company that owns the power station, has signed a power purchasing agreement with Kenya Power and Lighting Company, to supply 2MW to the national electricity grid during the first phase. The power supplied will increase with each subsequent phase.
Power is generated using plant material from the Mathenge tree ("Prosopis juliflora"), which grows abundantly in the arid environment of Baringo County. About 2,000 households from the county have been contracted to supply tree stems of the plant as raw materials for power generation. The plant material is allowed to decompose anaerobically, generating gases, including methane. The gases are burnt, generating heat, which is used to heat water, generating steam. The steam is then used to run electricity generators.
Developers and financing.
The Baringo Power Station has a construction budget of KSh2.7 billion (US$30 million). The power station is jointly owned by
"Cummins Inc." of the United States and "Gentec Energy Plc." of the United Kingdom. Equity Bank Kenya Limited provided 70% (approximately US$21 million) in loan financing and the 30% (US$9 million) was provided by the shareholders. The first phase will provide 2.4 Megawatts, of which 2 Megawatts will be sold to the national grid. The second phase will increase production to 7 Megawatts. The Third and final phase will ramp up production to 10.8 MW. The excess power not sold to Kenya Power will be used internally by the power plant.


Sharrow Mills

Sharrow Mills are a collection of industrial buildings in Sheffield, England, which have been used for the production of snuff by the firm of Wilsons of Sharrow since the mid 18th century. The mills stands on the Porter Brook in the Sharrow Vale area of the city, just off Ecclesall Road.
History.
Early history.
It is thought that a cutlers wheel, owned by the Duke of Norfolk existed on the site in 1581, with the tenant being Thomas Greenwood. Norfolk rental records mention "the wheel at Sharrow head" in paperwork dating from 1588-9. The wheel was certainly in full operation by 1604 when the tenants were the Bamforth family, John Bamforth paid the rent until 1654 and succeeding members of his family continued as tenants until 1718, during this time the site was also known as Bamforth Wheel and Sharrow Moor Wheel. John Hale, who was a relative of the Bamforths, became tenant in 1719 and he was followed by a number of occupants including John Hall in 1731, before Thomas Wilson started renting the mill in 1737.
The Wilsons.
Thomas Wilson was a manufacturer of blade shears who was a notable individual within Sheffield industry who had been Master Cutler in 1731. He was succeeded by his son Joseph in the mid 1740s. Joseph Wilson was a highly successful entrepreneur who broadened the business, introducing the production of Sheffield plate through his acquaintance with Thomas Boulsover as well as saw making. He also had an interest and some knowledge in snuff making, this may have been brought on by the manufacture of snuff boxes from Sheffield plate, and at some time in the 1740s the manufacture of snuff began at the mill along with the other activities. In February 1757 a series of extensions and alterations were undertaken by Joseph Wilson, even though he was still only the tenant. He paid the Duke of Norfolk to widen and improve the leats, giving the mill a unique tail goit system which crossed under the meandering Porter Brook in a culvert.
On 20 January 1763 a fire destroyed large areas of the mill and a national collection was organised to compensate Joseph Wilson because his business was so important to tax revenue. The building was reconstructed as a purpose built snuff mill with drawings from 1764 showing the mill much larger than previously with no sign of the cutlers wheel. The brick built managers house was added at this time. In 1774 the building was rated as a snuff mill only. By 1794 the mill had a 21-foot fall of water with Joseph, Thomas and William Wilson named as the tenants of Sharrow Moor snuff mill "“heretofore a cutlers grinding wheel”". Steam power was introduced in 1797 with a sketch plan of 1803 showing a chimney for the steam engine. In 1798 the Wilsons purchased the mill outright from the Duke of Norfolk’s estate. Detailed valuation records from the first half of the 19th century itemise an overshot water wheel developing 10.25 HP, steam engine, drying house, warehouses and packing rooms.
The mill today.
Today the mill is still capable of producing snuff by water power although electricity is often used to drive the machinery. A new snuff mill was built in 1880 to complement the existing one and this is arranged around a courtyard with various other 19th century buildings, including the counting house, warehouse and stable block. The mill dam is fed through a culvert from a weir on the Porter Brook. The water wheel is 19 feet in diameter and four foot 10 inches wide, the wheel powers the snuff grinding mills through a vertical main shaft which are situated two floors above.
Listed building status.
There are seven listed structures within the Sharrow Mills complex, the original 1763 snuff mill is listed as Grade II*. Grade II listed structures include the 1880 snuff mill, two bridges, stables, workshops and the dam walls of the mill pond.


Saracen Foundry

The Saracen Foundry was the better-known name for the Possilpark, Glasgow–based foundry company W MacFarlane & Co. Ltd, founded and owned by Walter MacFarlane. MacFarlane's was the most important manufacturer of ornamental ironwork in Scotland.
Walter Macfarlane.
Walter Macfarlane was born in Torrance of Campsie, near Glasgow, in 1817. He worked for the jeweller William Russell, before serving an apprenticeship with blacksmith James Buchanan. He then spent a decade working for Moses, McCulloch & Co's Cumberland Foundry in Stockwell Street.
With his own main home at 22 Park Circus, Glasgow, Macfarlane became a prominent figure in local politics, becoming the President of the Glasgow Liberal Association and a City Councillor. He died in 1885, and is buried in Glasgow Necropolis cemetery.
Saracen Foundry.
MacFarlane, with partners Thomas Russell and James Marshall, incorporated W MacFarlane & Co. Ltd in 1850. They took over a foundry works in Saracen Lane, behind the Saracen Head Inn, in the Gallowgate. The foundry had previously (from at least 1825) been in the control of Stephen Miller (father of Daniel Miller). In 1862 the business relocated briefly to Washington Street.
Possilpark.
But the business kept growing, and MacFarlane needed a vast area of land on which to build both a foundry and a village-styled infrastructure on which to house his workforce. He agreed a deal with the son of Colonel Alexander Campbell of Possil to buy of his Possil estate in the mid-1860s, including the main estate house where Sir Archibald Alison, 1st Baronet the Sheriff of Lanarkshire resided, on which to build his new foundry works.
MacFarlane oversaw the removal of all the trees, creating the foundry on , with its main gates at 73 Hawthorn Street. After creating railway access to his foundry from both the North British Railway and the Hamiltonhill Branch of the Caledonian Railway, MacFarlane laid out the rest of the park land as streets and houses, including naming the street fronting his factory "Saracen Street."
MacFarlane renamed the location Possilpark, which went from being residence to 10 people in 1872, to 10,000 in less than two decades later in 1891. The developing layout of Possilpark was described by the then Glasgow Town Council as: "Their work is one of the finest and best conducted in Glasgow, and the new suburb of Possil Park, laid out by them with skill and intelligence, is rapidly becoming an important addition to the great city." Ironically, the foundry's pollution earned Macfarlane the nickname "the Laird of Fossiltown."
Design-led expansion.
Having joined the firm in 1871, in 1880 Macfarlane's nephew, Walter Macfarlane II (1853–1932), became a partner. On succeeding to the position of owner at the death of his uncle, the young MacFarlane set about making design and standardisation the key to the company's development.
Subsequently, the Saracen Foundry made to a set of standard designs, a series of decorative iron works, from railings, drinking fountains, bandstands, street lamps, pre-fabricated buildings and architectural features. To achieve the design edge they required, the firm employed the best Glasgow architects, including John Burnet, James A Ewing, James Sellars, and Alexander 'Greek' Thomson. James Boucher was commissioned to design the show rooms of the Possilpark foundry as a gigantic showcase for the products, complete with a glass and iron dome and elaborate decorative castings on its Gothic gateway. The works were exported all over the British Empire, and can still be found in abundance in many parts of North Glasgow.
Macfarlane's most celebrated work is the Saracen Fountain in Alexandra Park, Glasgow, which they gave to the city after exhibiting it in the grounds of the 1901 Glasgow International Exhibition. Designed by D W Stevenson, and using casts of the figures around his earlier 1878 statue of John Platt in Oldham, the fountain featured in the firm's advertising. Copies were later commissioned and erected in: Town Hall Park, Warrington (destroyed for the war effort, 1942; a model version in silver is in the collection of Warrington Borough Council); and the Sammy Marks fountain in the National Zoological Gardens, Pretoria, South Africa.
In the 1860s, John Kibble designed a conservatory for his home at Coulport on Loch Long. However, after production at the Saracen Foundry, it was shipped up the River Clyde by barge to the Glasgow Botanic Gardens, and fully erected at its current location in 1873 by Boyd of Paisley. The Kibble Palace building structure is of curved wrought iron and glass supported by cast iron beams resting on ornate columns, surmounted on masonry foundations. It was initially used as an exhibition and concert venue, before being used for growing plants from the 1880s. Benjamin Disraeli and William Ewart Gladstone were both installed as rectors of the University of Glasgow in the palace, in 1873 and 1879 respectively - its last use as a public events venue, before becoming wholly used for the cultivation of temperate plants. The main plant group is the collection of Australian tree ferns, some of which have lived here for 120 years. In 2004 a £7 million restoration programme was initiated, which involved the complete dismantling of the Palace, and the removal of the parts to Shafton, South Yorkshire for specialised repair and conservation.
Owing to their earlier tie-ins with the architectural trade, between the two world wars Saracen Foundry produced many cast-iron panels for commercial buildings, including the former Union Bank on Vincent Street (1924-7); Selfridges in London (1928) and the Art Deco Burton's on Argyle Street (1930). However, the Second World War wreaked havoc on Possilpark in two ways: firstly, by making its industrial works a vast and well-lit target; and secondly when the Minister of Supply and the Ministry of Production made the recovery of iron a key component in increasing war production, removing much of the footprint of Saracen's contribution to the world.
Collapse.
After the war, the combination of the collapse of the British Empire, the move away from steam power and the adaptation of new designs and materials meant a vast decline in orders for Saracen's standard designs. The MacFarlane company moved into standard foundry work, including being one of five foundries casting Sir Giles Gilbert Scott's classic K6 Telephone box for Post Office Telephones.
MacFarlane's was taken over by Allied Founders in 1965, which was itself absorbed by Glynwed Ltd. Possilpark was by this time underinvested and rather decrepit, and so the works closed and the infrastructure demolished in 1967. The site is now occupied by Allied Vehicles and Possilpark Industrial Estate.
Piece dispersal.
Owing to the long duration of the factory's life, and the wide distribution of their works, Saracen Foundry pieces can be seen in most parts of the world. Those of note include:
Some royal coats of arms can be see in former HM Customs & Excise Offices. The Pembroke Dock Custom House, now Home Home Office Border Force, has a well-maintained example that started life at Custom House Milford Haven. The Fishguard Customs CoA was scrapped by the building maintenance contractor as the mounting was highly corroded.
Replicas.
The crestings at Kidderminster Town railway station on the Severn Valley Railway are modern replicas. The patterns for the castings were produced by measurement of broken remnants of those similar ones recovered from Ross-on-Wye railway station shortly after it was demolished. At the request of the structural engineer for Kidderminster Town railway station the replicas were produced in aluminium.
These are of a similar pattern to those on parts of Slough Railway station, Dartmouth Railway station and HSBC Bank in Derby.


Philip Morris Blended Leaf Complex Historic District

The Philip Morris Blended Leaf Complex Historic District encompasses a complex of tobacco storage and processing facilities at 2301 Maury Street in Richmond, Virginia. Included in the site are a series of warehouses and cigarette-making factories developed beginning in the 1950s. Philip Morris USA built this complex in part to capitalize on advances in machinery that greatly increased the production speed of cigarettes.
The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.


Puckett Family Farm

Puckett Family Farm is a historic tobacco farm complex and national historic district located near Satterwhite, Granville County, North Carolina. The farmhouse was built about 1899, and is a two-story, three bay, I-house dwelling rear kitchen ell. Also on the property are the contributing packhouse, striphouse, four log barns, garage, smokehouse, well, brooder house, corn crib, stable, and privy.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.


Bunnerong Power Station

Bunnerong Power Station is a demolished former coal-powered electric power station in the south-eastern Sydney suburb of Matraville, New South Wales, Australia. When the last generating units were commissioned, it was the largest power station in the southern hemisphere, with a capacity of 375 megawatts (MW) from eleven turbo-alternators. It was able to supply up to one third of the state's electricity needs at the time. It remained the most powerful until the completion of Vales Point Power Station in 1966.
In 1924, the 117-acre site for the power station was chosen.
The station was located on Bunnerong Road in Matraville.
Bunnerong 'A' Station - 175 MW.
Bunnerong was originally built with eighteen cross drum boilers from Babcock & Wilcox Ltd (UK), supplying steam at and , with each boiler producing of steam. Six 25 megawatt (MW) Metropolitan-Vickers two-cylinder turbo-alternators were built between 1926 and 1930 by the Electricity Department of the Municipal Council of Sydney, one of the two main authorities responsible for electricity generation at the time. The first turbo-alternator commenced operation in January 1929, and the sixth in January 1930. Current was generated at 11 kilovolts (kV) and stepped up to 33 kV for transmission. With a capacity of 150 MW, Bunnerong was the largest power station in New South Wales. A seventh 25 MW unit was brought into use in September 1937, expanding capacity to 175 MW. This original installation was later known as Bunnerong 'A' Station.
Bunnerong 'B' Station - 200 MW.
Bunnerong 'B' Station began operation in 1939, with the commissioning of a 3-stage 50 MW turbo-alternator(No8) supplied by C.A. Parsons and Company. A second 50 MW turbine(No9) followed in 1941, bringing the capacity of Bunnerong to 275 MW. Bunnerong 'B' Boilerhouse had four Babcock & Wilcox pulverized fuel boilers, each produced 300,000lbs/hr of steam at 600psi. In 1949, two oil fired, Velox boilers from Gibson, Battle & Co Pty Ltd of Sydney were added. Each could produce an additional 165,000lbs/hr of steam at 600PSI and 825degF. Being a range type station these Velox boilers could supply steam to either A or B stations.
The boilers of 'A' Station suffered from reduced efficiency and clinker-related shutdowns owing to shortages of high grade hand-selected coal after the mechanization of mining began. The more modern 'B' Station was designed to handle the lower quality, impure coal extracted in mechanized mining, but supply difficulties meant that it often received the high grade product intended for 'A' Station. In 1946, supplementary oil burners were fitted to every boiler, to mitigate the consequences of coal shortages and quality issues.
A third 50 MW Parsons turbo-alternator was commissioned in 1947, followed by a fourth identical unit. These final two machines were fed by four Simon-Carves pulverized fuel boilers rated at 300,000lb/hour, exhausting to a large concrete chimney. The completion of Bunnerong 'B' Station increased the total capacity to a continuously-rated 375 MW, making Bunnerong the largest power station in the southern hemisphere. During overload testing in 1958, a maximum of 382 MW was achieved.
After the completion of 'B' Station, more than 1,600 people were employed on the site. A number of industrial disputes relating to unsatisfactory working conditions resulted in reduced power output, sometimes for weeks on end.
Bunnerong Railway Branch.
The council operated its own private railway which connected the power station with Botany Goods Yard. The railway continued to operate as a private line when the power station was taken over by the Electricity Commission, including the shunting of a siding to the Boral plant. On 19 November 1966, there was a fatal accident when a train ran away down the steep grade of this siding.
Electricity Commission of New South Wales.
The Electricity Commission of New South Wales was formed in 1950, and assumed control of the generating assets of the Sydney County Council (which had taken over the Municipal Council of Sydney's power stations in 1936), including Bunnerong and Pyrmont in 1952.
Closure and Demolition.
With the completion of newer power stations, Bunnerong 'A' was out of use by 1973, 'B' Station was relegated to emergency supply duties, and the entire installation was finally decommissioned in 1975. The removal of equipment began in 1978 and was largely completed by 1981. Peak load gas turbines were in use on the site from 1982 to 1984, but demolition commenced after their removal. The 112 metre-high concrete emission stack of Bunnerong 'B' boilerhouse was demolished in December 1986, and the majority of the huge structures of 'A' and 'B' Stations were razed by 28 June 1987. Demolition was largely undertaken by the American company, Controlled Demolition Incorporated. The large switch house dating from 1926 remained in place until its levelling in March 1994. Few traces of the power station remain.


Lac Alfred Wind Project

The Lac Alfred Wind Project is a wind farm developed by EDF EN Canada and owned by EDF EN Canada and Enbridge. It is located near the village of Amqui, Quebec. The project has a nameplate capacity of 300 MW and was the highest capacity wind farm in Canada from its opening in August 2013 to May 2014.
Construction of the project was completed in early 2016. It is currently operated and maintained by Senvion Canada Inc. and EDF Renewable Services Inc.


A. H. Buchan Company Building

The A. H. Buchan Company Building, also known as Supreme Lighting, is a historic tobacco processing facility located at Mullins, Marion County, South Carolina. It was built between 1924 and 1930, and is a two-story, brick building. It features a stepped parapet on the façade. The building was used for the purpose of buying, drying and exporting tobacco. The A. H. Buchan Company operated in this building until 1964.
It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.


Eardington Halt railway station

Eardington Halt, originally named Eardington, is a closed railway station on the Severn Valley Railway near Eardington, south of Bridgnorth, in Shropshire.
History.
Eardington opened on 1 June 1868, six years after the opening of the Severn Valley line, mainly to serve the nearby Upper Forge and Lower Forge iron works. It was not readily accessible from the nearby villages of Chelmarsh and Eardington, and on 1 April 1949 was reduced to unstaffed status, although never deemed a halt. The station had a brick waiting room and single platform.
In the later years under British Railways control, Eardington had much of its custom from fishermen at weekends and during the summer months. Although mistakenly thought by some people to have been closed as part of the Beeching axe in 1963 Eardington's planned closure pre-dated his report.
Preservation.
When the Severn Valley Railway re-opened in preservation on 23 May 1970, Eardington was the only intermediate stop between Bridgnorth and Hampton Loade, resulting in its being renamed Eardington Halt. It was initially used for watering locomotives, having a ready supply of better quality water than Bridgnorth. The Halt closed temporarily for repair work in October 1979, and briefly reopened in 1981 before being finally deleted from the timetable in 1982. It has not been used in regular service since because of poor custom, land slippage and the fact that the station is situated on a 1 in 100 gradient. Another problem is the combination of the shortness of the platform face, normal SVR practice of marshalling the guard's compartment in the centre of the train and the arched overbridge immediately to the north of the platform, which would prevent the traincrew from being able to see the guard if the train was stopped with the guard's van on the platform, as is correct practice.
The siding is now used for the storage of permanent way vehicles. A small band of volunteers have occasional "work-ins" to keep the station environs tidy.
There have recently been calls to restore the station for use on gala weekends and such. This has happened previously, during the Autumn 1998 steam gala, when the Hampton - Bridgnorth local called in each direction, despite not being booked to stop.
There are plans to reinstate the original platform which had been removed in 1980s. The current platform face dates from the 1893 extension.


Baltimore East/South Clifton Park Historic District

Baltimore East/South Clifton Park Historic District is a national historic district in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is primarily an urban residential area organized in a gridiron pattern. It comprises approximately 110 whole and partial blocks that formed the historic northeast corner of the City of Baltimore prior to 1888. While rowhouses dominate the urban area, the historic district also contains other property types which contribute to its character including brewing, meat packing, cigar manufacturing, printing, and a tobacco warehouse. The Baltimore Cemetery completes the historic district.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.
History.
Between the 1890s and the 1910s, many new homes were constructed in the neighborhood for Bohemian immigrants. Areas with Bohemian owners included the 1500 block of North Durham Street, 1700 block of Crystal Street, 1700 block of North Register Street, 1100 and 1500 blocks of North Bradford Street, and 1700 and 1800 blocks of North Chapel Street. Czech-American building and loans associations helped Bohemians purchase these homes. Many of the Bohemians attended mass at St. Wenceslaus, a Bohemian Roman Catholic parish in the nearby neighborhood of Little Bohemia. During the 1950s, the area of the neighborhood surrounding North Milton Avenue and North Luzerne Avenue was primarily Polish, German, and Irish.


Motorin family

The Motorins, also spelled Matorins ("Моторины", "Маторины" in Russian) were a famous Russian family of bellfounders.
Feodor Dmitriyevich Motorin.
Feodor Dmitriyevich Motorin (Фёдор Дмитриевич Моторин) (1630s–1688) began his career at the Moscow Cannon Yard in 1651 along with another famous bellmaker Alexander Grigoriev. In the 1670s, Motorin became a leading caster at the Cannon yard. In 1678, he cast a bell for the Church of Simeon Stolpnik in the Povarskaya Sloboda, in 1681 – for the Church of Virgin Mary in Grebnevo, in 1682 – for Danilov Monastery, in 1684 – for the Church of Archangel Gabriel at Chistiy Prud. All these bells, however, were destroyed by the Soviets in the 1930s. Feodor Motorin was also a talented businessman. After having accumulated some financial capital, he began purchasing land and buildings for his colleagues-bellmakers in the Pushkarskaya Sloboda in the 1660s. This is how the first bellmaking factory came into being in the area of Sretenskiye Gates in Moscow, of which Motorin had been the owner since 1686. The factory used to cast bells, commissioned by churches and monasteries. Small bells were also made for sale in Moscow.
A few works autographed by Feodor Motorin have survived to this day. They include two bells cast in 1678 and 1679 – the Danilov Bell (Даниловский колокол) and the New Bell (Новый колокол) weighing 3.2 tons (both can still be seen in the middle tier of the Ivan the Great Bell Tower); an 8-ton bell, cast for the Novodevichy Convent (1684); a 1.6-ton bell for the Volynsky Monastery in Chernigov (1683), which was relocated to Moscow in 1991 and hung on the Saint Basil's Cathedral. All of the surviving bells made by Motorin are known for their casting purity and rich relief decorations (stylized arabesque ornament and images of cherubs and seraphs, which harmonize with cast inscriptions).
Dmitry Feodorovich Motorin.
Dmitry Feodorovich Motorin (Дмитрий Фёдорович Моторин) (? – ?) was the son of Feodor Motorin. In 1682–1696, he worked at the Moscow Cannon Yard as a bellmaker. Dmitry Motorin is known for his unusual 64 kg bell, cast by him in 1687 at the request of a boyar Vasili Golitsyn for the Church of Pokrova Bogoroditsy in his votchina of the village Medvedkovo (it can be seen in Kolomenskoye today). The top part of the bell is made in the form of a bellringer's head, crowned by lion heads and ornaments.
Ivan Feodorovich Motorin.
Ivan Feodorovich Motorin (Иван Фёдорович Моторин) (1660s – 19 August 1735) was the son of Feodor Motorin. His factory used to produce bells for many Moscow monasteries and churches. In 1692, he cast a 1-tonne bell for the Church of John the Apostle in Bronniki (moved to the Saint Basil's Cathedral). In 1695, Ivan Motorin made a 3-tonne bell for the Church of Saint Nicholas in Moscow (destroyed in the 1930s).
In February 1701, after heavy artillery losses in the Battle of Narva, Peter the Great ordered to use Motorin's bellmaking factory for cannon production. A famous cannon maker Martyan Osipov (Мартьян Осипов) assisted Ivan Motorin in mastering the science of cannon-making. Motorin's factory carried out the order in a short period of time and produced 113 copper cannons by February 1702. On 26 November 1702, Ivan Motorin was ordered to cast a 54-ton bell for the Ivan the Great Bell Tower, which would be called "Воскресенский" (Resurrection Bell). In 1704, he made a 13.3-ton bell nicknamed "Великопостный" (Lent Bell). In 1712, Motorin's factory burnt down and was rebuilt only two years later. In 1714, Ivan Motorin cast the 2-ton Alarm Bell (Набатный колокол), which was later placed on top of the Tsarskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin. It remained there until 1771 and was then moved to the Armoury in 1821. In the 1710 and 1720s, Motorin made a few bells for the Muscovite churches and monasteries, including Chudov Monastery. Most of these bells did not survive to this day. In 1730, he cast a 7-ton Novgorod Bell (Новгородский колокол), which can still be seen in the lower tier of the Ivan the Great Bell Tower. In 1731, Motorin was ordered to turn the damaged bells (due to a fire of 1723) of the Church of Archangel Gabriel into clock bells for the Troitskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin. Their fate, however, is still unknown.
Famous Tsar bell (Царь-колокол) was Motorin's masterpiece, for which he is best remembered. In 1735, he was ordered to recast the bell made by Alexander Grigoriev (1655), shattered during the 1701 fire. Unfortunately, Ivan Motorin died when the work was in full swing. The whole responsibility for the making of the Tsar Bell was placed upon his son Mikhail Motorin.
Mikhail Ivanovich Motorin.
There is little information available on Mikhail Ivanovich Motorin (Михаил Иванович Моторин) (? – 1750) after he finished casting the Tsar Bell. Historians know that in 1736 he made a bell for the Epiphany Monastery. In 1737, he also cast a 1.8-tonne bell for the Church of Archangel Gabriel. Both of these bells, however, were destroyed by the Soviets in the 1930s.


SECU (container)

SECU, Stora Enso Cargo Unit, is a type of intermodal container (shipping container) built to transport bulk cargo like paper on railway and ship.
A SECU looks like a standard 40-foot ISO Container but is bigger, measuring and which can carry of cargo. This is compared to the normal size and capacity of an ISO Container.
A SECU is too big and heavy to be transported on road (ISO-Containers are designed to fit roads), and instead they are transported only by railway and ship. A special vehicle or crane is used to load and unload them. Special railcars are also needed. They can be transported on truck ferries, but they don't fit normal container ships.
The benefit is that their much higher weight reduces the number of containers and therefore reduces handling cost. The drawback is that special solutions are needed.
They are invented and used by Stora Enso (forest and paper company). The ports used are mainly in production countries like Finland (Kotka, Oulu) and Sweden (Gothenburg) and in consumer countries Belgium (Zeebrugge), UK (Tilbury, Immingham) and Germany (Lübeck).
Dimensions.
The Stora Enso Cargo Unit has fixed legs so that the inner floor has a height of for an unloaded container - the basic container (without legs) has outer dimensions of 3600 by 3600 millimeters.


Yellowhead Power Station

Yellowhead Power Station is a natural gas-fired power station owned by SaskPower, located in North Battleford, Saskatchewan, Canada and operated as a peaking plant. The plant was constructed and commissioned in December 2010 at a cost of $250 M CDN. The plant is controlled remotely by satellite from Regina.
Description.
The Yellowhead Power Station consists of:


Amalgamated Society of Core Makers of Great Britain and Ireland

The Amalgamated Society of Core Makers of Great Britain and Ireland (ASC) was a trade union representing foundry workers in the United Kingdom.
The union was founded in 1902 by a large number of local unions, with a total membership of less than 1,000. About half the members came from the Manchester and District Coremakers' Society, the largest of the local unions. Despite its small membership, the union employed a full-time general secretary, Edmund Clegg, who was able to increase membership to 1,400 by 1910. The union focused on paying benefits to members who were not working, and avoided industrial action.
In 1906, the union was a founder of the Federation of Moulders and Collateral Trades, although this soon collapsed. It continued alone until 1920, growing to over 4,000 members, when it merged with the Associated Iron Moulders of Scotland and the Friendly Society of Ironfounders to form the National Union of Foundry Workers.


Safran Helicopter Engines

Safran Helicopter Engines, previously known as Turbomeca, is a French manufacturer of low- and medium-power gas turbine turboshaft engines for helicopters. The company also produces gas turbine engines for aircraft and missiles, as well as turbines for land, industrial and marine applications.
Since its foundation as "Turbomeca" during 1938, Safran Helicopter Engines has produced over 72,000 turbines. In its early years, it benefitted greatly from a rearmament programme conducted by the French state; operations were disrupted by the occupation of France during the Second World War, but the company survived and rebuilt quickly during the immediate postwar years. Prominent successes during the Cold War include the use of its Artouste II turboshaft engine to power the new Sud Aviation Alouette II helicopter (the first production turbine-powered helicopter in the world) as well as its involvement in Rolls-Royce Turbomeca Limited (a joint venture with British engine manufacturer Rolls Royce Ltd that produced turbojet and turboshaft engines).
During September 2001, the French aerospace specialist SNECMA Group acquired the company, after which it was rebranded as Safran Helicopter Engines. The company states that it has more than 2,500 customers in 155 countries. Safran Helicopter Engines has 15 sites and operates on each continent, providing its customers with a proximity service through 44 distributors and certified maintenance centers, 18 Repair & Overhaul Centers, and 90 Field Representatives and Field Technicians. Safran Helicopter Engines subsidiary "Safran Power Units" is the leading European manufacturer of turbojet engines for missiles, drones and auxiliary power units. Safran Helicopter Engines has 6,300 employees worldwide, with 5000 based in France. In 2015, the company reportedly produced and delivered 718 new engines, and repaired around 1,700 engines.
History.
On 29 August 1938, the company was founded as "Turbomeca" by the aero engine designers Joseph Szydlowski and André Planiol, following the granting of their patent application for a supercharger during the previous year. Engine manufacturer Hispano-Suiza promptly ordered a demonstrator to equip its 12 Y engine, which was used on the MS 405 C1 fighter, amongst others. The company benefitted greatly a decision by the French Government, recognising the looming threat of another World War with neighbouring Nazi Germany, having launched a rearmament programme during 1937.
Over the course of three years, Turbomeca expanded rapidly from an artisanal production to an industrial one to meet the extensive demands of the French aircraft industry. The production figures of the company's first few years of operation indicate this rapid expansion: 18 compressors were produced in 1938, 300 in 1939 and 1,200 in 1940. Although the factory at Mézières-sur-Seine only attaining a fully operational status during June 1940, the French Government had advised the relocation to the south of France to avoid to the German advance. That same month, Turbomeca repositioned its operations to a newly requisitioned workshop in Saint-Pé-de-Bigorre near the Hispano-Suiza engine factory in Tarbes. However, these buildings were quickly found to be too small for its needs, thus, in 1941, a site was acquired in Bordes near Pau. Turbomeca progressively transferred to this site between the autumn of 1941 and June 1942. During November 1942, Szydlowski fled to neutral Switzerland. Between October 1942 and 1944, production stalled while its workforce dropped from about 300 to about 50 personnel.
Following the liberation of the region by Allied forces in August 1944, Szydlowski returned to Bordes to help revive Turbomeca; much of the firm's former staff were re-employed and much of its machinery was recovered as well, enabling a speedy revival during the postwar era. During the late 1940s, Szydlowski opted to focus Turbomeca's design resources on low-power jet propulsion, intended for a new range of jet-powered aircraft, including turbine-powered helicopters. The production of turboshaft engines, which became widely used for rotorcraft, became a staple of the business over subsequent decades.
From 1950, Turbomeca produced the tiny centrifugal flow Palas turbojet, producing 1.6 kN (353 lbf). In addition to the company's own production, the Palas was also produced under license by Blackburn and General Aircraft in the United Kingdom and Continental in the United States. Blackburn had a licence for producing other Turbomeca designs. During 1955, Turbomeca's Artouste II turboshaft engine was adopted for the new Sud Aviation Alouette II helicopter, which became the world's first production turbine-powered helicopter one year later. Starting in 1957, the firm stated manufacture of the Bastan turboprop for the Aérospatiale N 262 airliner.
During 1968, a joint venture with British engine manufacturer Rolls Royce Ltd, named Rolls-Royce Turbomeca Limited, was established to develop and produce the Adour turbojet engine to power the Anglo-French SEPECAT Jaguar. In addition to manufacturing the aero-engine, the company also provided associated support services to end users. The Adour would not only be adopted for the Jaguar, but also various other aircraft, such as the BAE Systems Hawk, the McDonnell Douglas T-45 Goshawk, and Mitsubishi T-2 trainer aircraft, as well as the Mitsubishi F-1 ground attack fighter. In excess of 2,800 Adour engines would eventually be produced, reportedly amassing a cumulative total of 7,000,000 flying hours.
Deciding to build on its success with another engine, Rolls-Royce Turbomeca handled development and production of the RTM322 turboshaft engine. During 1995, it was announced that the Rolls-Royce Turbomeca RTM322 turboshaft engine had been selected to power the British Army's fleet of AgustaWestland Apache attack helicopters. Over the following decades, the RTM322 engine was adopted by various operators to power a number of rotorcraft, including the NHIndustries NH90 and AgustaWestland AW101 medium-sized transport helicopters, along with the Eurocopter X³, a high speed technology demonstrator. During 2003, it was announced that the joint venture was undertaking the development of an enhanced version of the RTM322, taking the powerplant from the current 2,400shp (1,800 kW) power range to beyond 2,500shp in the near term and potentially 3,300shp in the longer term after further improvements are finalised. Keith Reid, Rolls-Royce Turbomeca international marketing manager, noted that the RM322 had been originally designed with future growth in mind, and that operators had been placing an increasing emphasis upon hot and high flight capabilities, which necessitated more engine power is being available.
During June 1989, another joint venture, MTU Turbomeca Rolls-Royce (MTR) was established as a part of the framework created on behalf of the French and West German governments to developed an advanced multirole battlefield helicopter, the Eurocopter Tiger. Being responsible for developing and producing the Tiger's MTR390 powerplant, MTR was designated as the programme management company responsible for the engine, and was jointly staffed by the partner companies, Turbomeca, Germany's MTU Aero Engines and Britain's Rolls-Royce. During early 2000, an initial production contract was signed by the German Federal Office of Defence Technology and Procurement (BWB) and MTR; valued at DM430 million and comprising 320 engines plus spares, the contract represented the MTU390's clearance for production. Later-built models of the Tiger are furnished with more powerful models of the MTU390 engine than had been installed upon the initial examples.
During 2013, an agreement between Rolls-Royce and Turbomeca to buy out the former's involvement in Rolls-Royce Turbomeca in exchange for around €293 million ($381 million), after which responsibility for undertaking all activities related to the RTM322 engine, including manufacturing and maintenance/services, was transferred to Turbomeca. Accordingly, Rolls-Royce Turbomeca is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Safran Helicopter Engines.
By 20102, Safran Helicopter Engines turbines powered civil, parapublic and defence helicopters for all the leading helicopter manufacturers (mainly Eurocopter, but also AgustaWestland, Sikorsky, Kamov, HAL, NHI).
Engine models.
Safran is the world's leading manufacturer of gas turbine engines for both civil and military helicopters. They design, produce, sell and support a complete range of turbine engines for this market. More than 18,000 Safran Helicopter engines already power helicopters built by the world's leading manufacturers: Airbus Helicopters, AVIC, Sikorsky, Bell Helicopter, Finmeccanica Helicopters (formerly AgustaWestland), Denel, Russian Helicopters, HAL, Boeing, etc. In the military sector, Safran powers the Tiger, NH90, Finmeccanica Helicopters A109 Power, AW101 and many others. Helicopters powered by Safran are deployed by 2,500 customers in 150 countries.
Turboprops/turboshafts.
"Most Turbomeca engines bear the names of Pyrenean mountains."
Safran offers several main engine families: Arrius and Arriel (up to 1,000 shaft horsepower), for light and medium helicopters; TM333, Arrano and Ardiden (rated at 1,000 to 2,000 SHP), for civil and military machines in the 5 to 8 ton class; Makila and RTM322 (over 2,000 SHP), for heavy rotorcraft.


Agecroft Power Station

Agecroft power station was a coal-fired power station between the eastern bank of the Manchester, Bolton and Bury Canal and the western bank of the River Irwell at Pendlebury, near Manchester, England. It operated between 1925 and 1993, and was demolished in 1994. HM Prison Forest Bank has since been built on the site.
History.
Agecroft Hall, an ancient manor house once occupied a site nearby, between Lumns Lane to the west and the Manchester to Bolton railway line and disused Manchester, Bolton and Bury Canal to the east. It was dismantled by a new owner and shipped to Richmond, Virginia in the USA.
The first power station on the site, Agecroft A Power Station, was formally opened by Alderman G. Billington, the Mayor of Salford, on Wednesday 23 September 1925. It was operated by the Salford Corporation Electricity Department. After nationalisation of the British electricity supply industry in 1948 the station was owned and operated by the British Electricity Authority (1948–1955), then the Central Electricity Authority (1955–1957), finally by the Central Electricity Generating Board (1958–1990).
The station was then extended in 1950 with the construction of a B station and in the 1960s a C station. Agecroft B and C power stations were officially opened in 1962 and the event was commemorated with a plaque.
Specifications.
A station.
The A station used three 12,500 and one 20,000 kilowatt (kW) Metropolitan Vickers turbo generators to give a total generating capacity of 57,500 kW. These were supplied with steam from six Babcock & Wilcox, 65,000 pounds per hour (8.2 kg/s), and two John Thompson, 80,000 lb/hr (10.1 kg/s) boilers. These operated at 325 psi at 720 °F (B&W) and 780 °F (JT). Following the rebuilding of some of the original chain grate coal fired boilers in the A station as oil fired units the needed extra steam capacity required for the 20,000 kW unit was supplied from the B station extra boiler capacity via a steam line several hundred feet in length. The pressure step down valves were located at the B station
This site still features some original buildings, although most of these are stripped. There was a building marked as a "transformer bay" in site plans, which housed a small control room until recently. This building is also referred to as Agecroft A Substation
Cooling water was obtained from the River Irwell.
The generating capacity and electricity output of Agecroft A is given in the table.
B and C stations.
The B station had four International Combustion Limited pulverised coal boilers rated at 35,000 lb/hr, steam conditions were 620 psi and a super-heater temperature of 538 °C with reheat to 538 °C. The B station used two Metropolitan Vickers 55 megawatt (MW) generating sets, these were commissioned in December 1950. An extension to 345 MW was authorised in July 1955. The B station had two hyperbolic Mouchel concrete cooling towers each rated for 3.08 million gallons per hour. The generating capacity and electricity output of Agecroft B is given in the table.
The C Station used two 124 megawatt (MW) Metropolitan Vickers hydrogen cooled sets giving a total generation capacity of 358 MW across the B and C stations. The turbines were supplied with steam from two 860,000 lb/hr (108.4 kg/s) International Combustion Limited boilers operating at 1500 psi and 1000 °F (103.4 bar and 538 °C). Agecroft C was one of the CEGB’s twenty steam power stations with the highest thermal efficiency; in 1963–4 the thermal efficiency was 3.51 per cent, 32.47 per cent in 1964–5, and 32.79 per cent in 1965–6. The electricity output from the C station was as follows:
Operations.
The stations used cooling water from the River Irwell and the B and C stations were cooled by four large natural draft cooling towers situated close to the banks of the Irwell.
Three steam locomotives were built by Robert Stephenson and Hawthorns in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1948 to shunt coal wagons at the A station and later the B and C stations. However, with the nationalisation of the UK's electric supply industry, the locomotives became almost entirely redundant as a conveyor belt was constructed to carry coal directly across Agecroft Road (A6044) and into the station from Agecroft Colliery. The colliery continued to supply the stations until its closure in March 1991. Despite this however, locomotives were still used to shunt waggons of coal to and from the colliery. The surplus of locomotives were sold in 1980s. After being retired in 1980, Agecroft No. 1 was saved from scrapping by being bought by a private owner. It was purchased by the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester in a dismantled state in 2008, where it underwent a 3-year restoration costing £120,000. Agecroft No. 2 was bought by the Ribble Steam Railway and sent to Southport for restorations in December 1982. Agecroft No. 3 is going under full restoration at the Whitwell & Reepham railway station in Norfolk.
Closure and demolition.
Agecroft Colliery was closed in March 1991 and the closure of the power station was announced in November 1992. The station closed in March 1993, and demolition commenced later that year. The cooling towers and two main stacks were demolished on 8 May 1994. Their demolition was delayed because a pair of rare peregrine falcons had nested on the site. HM Prison Forest Bank has since been built on the station's site. It houses category B male offenders and was opened in January 2000.
Sometime in December 2019 or January 2020, Agecroft A Substation was stripped of its Art Deco control panels. The reason is unknown, perhaps this represents a step towards demolition.
Cultural use.
In 1983, the stations were the subject of a photograph by British landscape photographer John Davies.


Genrobotics

Genrobotics is an Indian robotics company that specializes in design and development of robotic-powered exoskeletons and human-controlled robotic systems to address social issues. It was founded in 2015 by a group of engineering graduates, and is headquartered in Trivandrum, Kerala, India. In 2018, GenRobotics released the Bandicoot robot for cleaning sewers that had previously required manual scavenging which aims to eradicate manual scavenging from the world.  Bandicoot Robot can do every action that a sanitation worker performs inside the manhole. The robot is the world’s first manhole-cleaning machine developed under the ‘Make in India’ and ‘Swachh Bharat’ initiatives by an Indian startup Genrobotics
History.
They conceptualized Genrobotics during their days at MES Engineering College, Calicut and had put together a first-generation (G1) powered exoskeleton model that created a buzz in the local media.  In 2018 Genrobotics Signed an MOU with Government of Kerala in the presence of Hon'ble Chief Minister of Kerala, Minister of Water Resources, Kerala Water Authority MD for implementing Bandicoot in kerala.
GenRobotics released the Bandicoot robot for cleaning sewers that had previously required manual scavenging. Kerala’s Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan officially inaugurated Bandicoot. The robust robot ran its first successful trial at a government medical college in Thiruvananthapuram.
After the initial success, the team worked on enhancing the technology and efficiency of robots after which Bandicoot 2.0 was inaugurated in Delhi on October 2 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
Product Line.
Bandicoot - The World's First Robotic Scavenger.
The ‘Bandicoot’ robot, created by a group of young engineers from Kerala in their company Genrobotics, can clean and unclog both manholes and septic tanks having multiple openings. The 50-kg device does the work of lifting the heavy manhole cover, scooping the solid waste from the sewer with its robotic arm and emptying it into a bucket, allowing for zero human-intervention in cleaning. Bandicoot uses an infrared camera to project the inside of the manhole on the monitor fixed on the external stand; the interface is easy and user-friendly.


Plum Brook Reactor

The Plum Brook Reactor was a NASA 60 megawatt water-cooled and moderated research nuclear reactor, located in Sandusky, Ohio, 50 mi west of the NASA Glenn Research Center (at that time the NASA Lewis Research Center) in Cleveland, of which it was organizationally a part.
The reactor was originally planned for the NACA nuclear airplane project. After that was cancelled in 1961, it became the primary NASA facility for space-related nuclear energy research and development. Experimental efforts included scientific and technical investigations of nuclear energy for spaceflight propulsion, nuclear power systems, and radiation exposure. The station included several large test facilities besides the reactor, including liquid hydrogen facilities for development and testing of the Centaur upper stage. The reactor first went critical on 14 June 1961, and was finally shut down on 5 January 1973.
The facility's decommissioning began in 1998, and the last of its structures was demolished in May 2012. The entire process ultimately cost $253 million, significantly more than the inflation-adjusted cost of constructing the facility.


National Union of Tailors and Garment Workers

The National Union of Tailors and Garment Workers (NUTGW) was a trade union in the United Kingdom.
History.
The union was founded as the Tailors and Garment Workers' Union (T&GWU) in 1920 with the merger of the Scottish Operative Tailors and Tailoresses' Association and the United Garment Workers' Union. In 1932, it was joined by the Amalgamated Society of Tailors and Tailoresses and renamed itself as the "National Union of Tailors and Garment Workers". In 1939 it absorbed the United Ladies Tailors' Trade Union. The NUTGW had 118,700 members in 1945, making it the tenth largest union in Britain. It absorbed the Manchester-based Waterproof Garment Workers' Trade Union in 1972.
The NUTGW faced a long-term decline in membership over the second half of the 20th century as the number of workers employed in the British clothing industry shrunk. This was largely due to competition with foreign manufacturers. By 1990 membership had fallen to less than 70,000, from a peak of over 130,000 in 1950. The NUTGW merged into the General, Municipal, Boilermakers and Allied Trades Union in 1991.
Election results.
The union sponsored a Labour Party Member of Parliament from 1958 until 1964.


List of commercial nuclear reactors sorted by region

This is a list of all the commercial nuclear reactors in the world, sorted by region/continent, with operational status. The list only includes civilian nuclear power reactors used to generate electricity for a power grid. All commercial nuclear reactors use nuclear fission. As of April 2020, there are 440 operable power reactors in the world, with a combined electrical capacity of 390 GW.
Europe.
United Kingdom.
Belarus


Corvus Energy

Corvus Energy provides high power modular lithium Ion battery systems for hybrid and fully electric heavy industrial equipment, and large marine propulsion systems. Applications include the world’s first all electric ferry: the 120 car, 320 passenger Norled . Corvus Energy is based in Richmond, British Columbia, with service office in Amsterdam and European branch office and factory in Bergen, Norway.
References.
- The Economist, Oct. 2010 (Beefier Batteries: Monster Power Start to Take on the Big Stuff)
- Financial Post, Feb 2011 (It Ain't Easy Being Green)
- The Globe & Mail, April 2012 (A Burst of Innovation on the Calgary Tarmac)
- Maritime Reporter, Sept 2012 (The Corvus Power Play)


Blackburn Meadows Power Station

Blackburn Meadows power station is a biomass power station situated at Blackburn Meadows on the River Don, between Sheffield and Rotherham in South Yorkshire, England. Operated by E.ON UK, it was opened in 2014 and has an operating capacity of 30 megawatts.
The biomass plant was built on the site of a former coal-fired power station which closed in 1980. The coal power station on the site was most well known for its two cooling towers, which remained standing for nearly thirty years after closure, forming a landmark along the M1 motorway in Sheffield and coming to be known as the Tinsley Towers, after the district of the city in which they are located. They were demolished by controlled explosion on 24 August 2008.
Coal-fired power station.
The first power station on the site was built in 1921 by the Sheffield Corporation, to support the steel industry in the Lower Don Valley. The station originally comprised three 6 MW and one 10 MW steam turbines. The station was expanded in the 1930s. Hyperboloid cooling towers 6 and 7 were constructed between 1937 and 1938, replacing earlier square cooling towers. They were designed by LG Mouchell and Partners. The cooling towers had a total capacity of 10,500,000 gallons per hour.
Blackburn Meadows operated in conjunction with Neepsend and Kelham Island power stations.
The station was nationalised in 1948 and operated by the British Electricity Authority (1948-1955), the Central Electricity Authority (1955-1957) then from 1 January 1958 the Central Electricity Generating Board. It had a generating capacity of 72 megawatts and was closed on 27 October 1980. The station comprised two Metropolitan Vickers 50 MW and two 30 MW English Electric turbo-alternators. The coal-fired boilers generated 1,500,000 lb/h (189 kg/s) of steam at 580 psi (40 bar) and 427 °C. There were three Stirling tri-drum boilers each rated at 100,000 lb/hr; three Stirling tri-drum and three Mitchell tri-drum boilers each rated at 160,000 lb/hr; and two Mitchell tri-drum boilers each rated at 190,000 lb/hr.
the annual output of the station was:
Most of the station was demolished following the closure in October 1980, but two of the cooling towers were left standing until August 2008.
Tinsley Towers.
For safety reasons the Tinsley cooling towers could not easily be demolished, and were left standing unused for a further 27 years after closure of the station. Positioned directly alongside the major motorway bridge, Tinsley viaduct, the towers were an iconic landmark for the area, particularly due to their prominence when viewed from the M1 motorway. There was a campaign to save the towers from demolition with proposals to turn them into a giant art installation.
The two towers were demolished at 03:00 on 24 August 2008. However a significant portion of the north tower remained standing for a short while, which had to be destroyed manually.
Biomass power station.
Plans to construct a new biomass power station on the site were finalised in late 2011. The project was estimated to cost £120 million, and to be completed in 2014. It would generate 30 megawatts of electricity, employing around 30 people, and work began in November 2011. The plant, which is operated by E.ON UK, was commissioned in the summer of 2014, and power is generated by burning waste wood, sourced from the United Kingdom. Waste heat from the process is captured and used to provide a district heating scheme. E.ON have created a community benefits fund, which will be used to support local projects while the plant is operational, and this will include the building of a visitor centre to explain the energy generation process and to interpret the industrial heritage of the location.


Igor Spassky

Igor Dmitriyevich Spasskiy (, born August 2, 1926) is a Russian (and former Soviet) scientist, engineer and entrepreneur, General Designer of nearly 200 Soviet and Russian nuclear submarines, and the head of the Central Design Bureau for Marine Engineering Rubin.
Spasskiy was born in the town of Noginsk in the Moscow Region on August 2, 1926. In 1949 he graduated from the Engineering Department (паросиловой факультет) of Dzerzhinsky Higher Naval Engineering School, after which he briefly served as lieutenant-engineer on the cruiser "Frunze".
Hero of Socialist Labor.
In 1950 he started work as a submarine designer, first in Construction Design Bureau-143 (currently Malakhit Design Bureau). Since 1953 he has worked in Construction Design Bureau-18 (currently Rubin Design Bureau). In 1956 he became the vice Chief Engineer of Rubin; in 1968 he became the Chief Engineer; and since 1974 he has been the head of that bureau with the position title of Chief Designer (, after 1983 General Designer ).
As General Designer, he was the main designer of all of Rubin's projects since 1974, which according to Rubin's website include:
Altogether, Spassky's projects have included 187 submarines (91 diesel-electric and 96 nuclear) that have been the core of the Soviet and Russian Navy.
Spassky has also published scientific works on the theory of submarine design and construction. He has been a full member of the Soviet Academy of Science since 1987 (a corresponding member since 1983). He is the Chairman of the Commission on Hydrodynamics of the Russian Academy of Science. He has been awarded the Lenin Prize (1965), became a Hero of Socialist Labor (1978), USSR State Prize (1983), received two Orders of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution and two Orders of the Red Banner of Labour.
"Hero of Capitalist Labor".
Since the time of the perestroika and the dissolution of the Soviet Union, state orders for new nuclear submarines have dramatically decreased. Nevertheless, Spassky continued to work on nuclear submarines, including the new fourth-generation ballistic missile "Yuriy Dolgorukiy" class (construction started in 1996), but he expanded his Bureau into new areas in order to provide a livelihood for his employees.
One such area was the design and construction of oil platforms (together with Halliburton) that are now used for oil drilling around Sakhalin island, in the Sea of Okhotsk, and off the coast of South Korea.
Another important project was Sea Launch, a unique spacecraft launch service that uses a specially modified floating oil drilling platform, positioned in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, for its launch platform. Spassky was the chief constructor of the marine part of the project. Sea Launch provides an economical way to send satellites into space, almost ten times cheaper than NASA.
Spassky also became a CEO of the Non-Nuclear Submarines consortium (which includes Rubin, Admiralty Shipyards, and other shipbuilding companies). The company provides non-nuclear military submarines for the Russian Navy (among them diesel-electric submarines of the "Petersburg" class) and for export to India, Poland and others, among them submarines of the "Amur" class and the "Sadko" class ("tourist submarine"). Two of the latter were built and are now operating on Cyprus.
Spasskiy also proposed such exotic projects as a cargo submarine for year-round operations in the Arctic Ocean, and a nuclear underwater gas transfer station for trans-ocean natural gas pipelines, as well as more humble projects such as modifications of city trams.
These projects provided a reasonably smooth transition for thousands of Rubin employees to the market economy as well as some help to the Saint Petersburg city and philanthropy. Spasskiy and his enterprises financed reconstruction of Nikolo-Bogoyavlensky Cathedral in Saint-Petersburg, Church of John the Baptist (Ioann Pretechi) in Old Ladoga, the monument to the 300th anniversary of the Russian Navy, the celebration of the centenary of the Russian Museum, and many other projects. For his philanthropy, the Russian Orthodox Church awarded Spassky the "Order of Saint Prince Daniil of Moscow". Anatoly Sobchak referred to Spassky's success in the transformation to a market economy when he called him a "Hero of Capitalist Labor".
Spassky was also awarded the State Prize of the Russian Federation (2006)
"Kursk" submarine.
Spassky was the creator of the K-141 Kursk project, the last of the Oscar II class submarines built for the Russian navy. On August 12, 2000, a dummy torpedo aboard the submarine accidentally exploded and the submarine sank. Most of the crew died during the explosion, but 28 crew men remained alive for at least six hours afterward. Unfortunately, the rescuers were hampered by the slow and secretive military and government response. It was a week before they could get to the submarine site and then bad weather further slowed the recovery. By that time, the surviving crew had perished.
Spassky was a consultant in the rescue effort and some perceived that he was responsible for the ineffective actions of the military in the first days after the explosion. There were also accusations that a fault in the design of the submarine might have been responsible for difficulties in the rescue operation. Some journalists, like Elena Milashina from "Novaya gazeta", asked why most of the Russian nuclear submarine mishaps in the preceding years had happened to Spassky-designed submarines. In the open letter to "Novaya Gazeta", the vice-president of Rubin, Alexander Zavalishin, and the General Designer of Submarines with Cruise Missiles (like Kursk), employee of Rubin, Igor Baranov, responded to the charges/ They stated that no vessel could survive simultaneous explosions of torpedoes, like the Kursk, when each torpedo was designed to disable or destroy warships. They also noted that more than three-quarters of Russian nuclear submarines are of the Spassky design, therefore, the percentages greatly reduced the argument of faulty design and did not indicate flaws in overall submarine design or integrity. Investigators agreed that the automatic system of shutting down the submarine's nuclear reactor, developed by Spassky's designers, operated perfectly and saved the Barents Sea from a nuclear disaster.
Raising the stricken submarine and transporting it to a salvage plant became another Herculean effort. More than five hundred proposals were submitted to recover the Kursk. Rubin bureau's own plans included separating the destroyed compartment of the submarine, lifting the intact section, and transporting it to the ship repair facility in Roslyakovo near Severomorsk. The project included equipment from Dutch firms Mammoet and Smit International. Within five months, the Russian government contracted Dutch firms to raise the Kursk in an extremely difficult, large-scale and emotionally strained operation coordinated by Igor Spassky. The transporting and docking were performed by another multinational project team.


Lonsdale Power Station

Lonsdale Power Station is a diesel-powered electricity generator in South Australia in Lonsdale, an industrial southern suburb of Adelaide. It is owned by Snowy Hydro since 2014. It consists of 18 diesel reciprocating engines generating up to 21MW of electricity to meet peak demands in the National Electricity Market.
The power station was designed and built by Cummins Power Generation under contract from Infratil in 2002 on what is now the site of the Port Stanvac Power Station. It was moved along the road to its present site in 2011. Snowy Hydro bought assets from Infratil in 2014. These included Lumo Energy, Direct Connect and three diesel peaking generators for a total of 136 MW. The other two were Angaston Power Station and Port Stanvac Power Station.
It achieves the low emissions mandated by the Environment Protection Agency through selective catalytic reduction technology, matching standards set for gas turbines.


List of dump truck manufacturers

List of dump truck manufacturers.


Garrett Snuff Mills Historic District

Garrett Snuff Mills Historic District is a national historic district located at Yorklyn, New Castle County, Delaware. The district encompasses 31 contributing buildings, including the 14 buildings previously listed in the Garrett Snuff Mill. The 17 additional buildings are 19th century domestic buildings associated with the mills. They include the mill owner's and supervisor's houses, a late Victorian frame house, and four rows of workers' housing.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.