Mount Gould Station

Mount Gould Station is a pastoral lease that used to operate as a sheep station but now operates as a cattle station in Western Australia.
The property is situated approximately north west of Meekatharra and south of Paraburdoo in the Mid West region. Occupying an area of the property contains of nature reserves and vacant crown land. The soil has a low level of erosion with 88% of the land being described as nil or minor. The perennial vegetation condition is described as fair with 78% of vegetation cover being described as poor or very poor. It is estimated that the property is able to carry 9,190 sheep in summer conditions, but has stocked over 13,020 sheep over summer.
An expedition led by Francis Thomas Gregory in 1858 surveyed the area around Mount Gould and Mount Hale finding a succession of rich grassy flats having a network of rivers that ran into the Murchison or Gascoyne Rivers. They estimated that over of good land were available for stock.
The property was advertised in 1887 when Messrs A. T. Cruikshank and Co. put it on the market along with Yalgoo Station and Balloo Station. Altogether the properties occupied and area of with Mount Gould taking up made up of salt bush grassland and mulga top feed.
The area is rich in the iron oxide minerals such as haematite.
A deposit of around of haematite is known to exist within the station boundaries.


Sea Turtle Association of Japan, Kuroshima Research Station

Kuroshima Research Station started in 1973, under the name of the UnderwaterPark Foundation, Yaeyama Underwater Park Research Institute,　for the purpose of managing and utilizing the underwater area in Sekisei(Jap. 石西) lagoon between Ishigaki (Jap. 石垣) Island and Iriomote (Jap. 西表) Island including Kuroshima (Jap. 黒島) Island. From the beginning, it worked as ocean research station, and existed until 2002 under the financial support of Nagoya Railroad Business Operations Co. Ltd.
At present Kuroshima Research Station belongs to the NPO Sea Turtle Association of Japan. Its activities worthy of mention are its 30 years’ research into the nesting of sea turtles, especially confirmation of the nesting of the hawksbill sea turtle for the first time in Japan, in addition to confirming the nesting of green sea turtles. Their research regarding acanthasters and corals deserves special mention. In 2005, they sponsored the Japanese Sea Turtle Conference, which is held every year at the location of sea turtles nesting rookeries in Japan.


Icelandic horse

The Icelandic horse is a breed of horse developed in Iceland. Although the horses are small, at times pony-sized, most registries for the Icelandic refer to it as a horse. Icelandic horses are long-lived and hardy. In their native country they have few diseases; Icelandic law prevents horses from being imported into the country and exported animals are not allowed to return. The Icelandic displays two gaits in addition to the typical walk, trot, and canter/gallop commonly displayed by other breeds. The only breed of horse in Iceland, they are also popular internationally, and sizable populations exist in Europe and North America. The breed is still used for traditional sheepherding work in its native country, as well as for leisure, showing, and racing.
Developed from ponies taken to Iceland by Norse settlers in the 9th and 10th centuries, the breed is mentioned in literature and historical records throughout Icelandic history; the first reference to a named horse appears in the 12th century. Horses were venerated in Norse mythology, a custom brought to Iceland by the country's earliest settlers. Selective breeding over the centuries has developed the breed into its current form. Natural selection has also played a role, as the harsh Icelandic climate eliminated many horses through cold and starvation. In the 1780s, much of the breed was wiped out in the aftermath of a volcanic eruption at Laki. The first breed society for the Icelandic horse was created in Iceland in 1904, and today the breed is represented by organizations in 19 different nations, organized under a parent association, the International Federation of Icelandic Horse Associations.
Breed characteristics.
Icelandic horses weigh between and stand an average of high, which is often considered pony size, but breeders and breed registries always refer to Icelandics as horses. The official breeding goal gives room for substantial variation in size. Several theories have been put forward as to why Icelandics are always called horses, among them the breed's spirited temperament and large personality. Another theory suggests that the breed's weight, bone structure and weight-carrying abilities mean it can be classified as a horse, rather than a pony. The breed comes in many coat colors, including chestnut, dun, bay, black, gray, palomino, pinto and roan. There are over 100 names for various colors and color patterns in the Icelandic language. They have well-proportioned heads, with straight profiles and wide foreheads. The neck is short, muscular, and broad at the base; the withers broad and low; the chest deep; the shoulders muscular and slightly sloping; the back long; the croup broad, muscular, short and slightly sloping. The legs are strong and short, with relatively long cannon bones and short pasterns. The mane and tail are full, with coarse hair, and the tail is set low. The breed is known to be hardy and an easy keeper. The breed has a double coat developed for extra insulation in cold temperatures.
Characteristics differ between various groups of Icelandic horses, depending on the focus of individual breeders. Some focus on animals for pack and draft work, which are conformationally distinct from those bred for work under saddle, which are carefully selected for their ability to perform the traditional Icelandic gaits. Others are bred solely for horsemeat. Some breeders focus on favored coat colors.
Members of the breed are not usually ridden until they are four years old, and structural development is not complete until age seven. Their most productive years are between eight and eighteen, although they retain their strength and stamina into their twenties. An Icelandic mare that lived in Denmark reached a record age of 56, while another horse, living in Great Britain, reached the age of 42. The horses are highly fertile, and both sexes are fit for breeding up to age 25; mares have been recorded giving birth at age 27. The horses tend to not be easily spooked, probably the result of not having any natural predators in their native Iceland. Icelandics tend to be friendly, docile and easy to handle, although also enthusiastic and self-assured. As a result of their isolation from other horses, disease in the breed within Iceland is mostly unknown, except for some kinds of internal parasites. The low prevalence of disease in Iceland is maintained by laws preventing horses exported from the country being returned, and by requiring that all equine equipment taken into the country be either new and unused or fully disinfected. As a result, native horses have no acquired immunity to disease; an outbreak on the island would be likely to be devastating to the breed. This presents problems with showing native Icelandic horses against others of the breed from outside the country, as no livestock of any species can be imported into Iceland, and once horses leave the country they are not allowed to return.
Gaits.
The Icelandic is a "five-gaited" breed, known for its sure-footedness and ability to cross rough terrain. As well as the typical gaits of walk, trot, and canter/gallop, the breed is noted for its ability to perform two additional gaits. Although most horse experts consider the canter and gallop to be separate gaits, on the basis of a small variation in the footfall pattern, Icelandic breed registries consider the canter and gallop one gait, hence the term "five-gaited".
The first additional gait is a four-beat lateral ambling gait known as the "tölt". This is known for its explosive acceleration and speed; it is also comfortable and ground-covering. There is considerable variation in style within the gait, and thus the tölt is variously compared to similar lateral gaits such as the rack of the Saddlebred, the largo of the Paso Fino, or the running walk of the Tennessee Walking Horse. Like all lateral ambling gaits, the footfall pattern is the same as the walk (left hind, left front, right hind, right front), but differs from the walk in that it can be performed at a range of speeds, from the speed of a typical fast walk up to the speed of a normal canter. Some Icelandic horses prefer to tölt, while others prefer to trot; correct training can improve weak gaits, but the tölt is a natural gait present from birth. There are two varieties of the tölt that are considered incorrect by breeders. The first is an uneven gait called a "Pig's Pace" or "Piggy-pace" that is closer to a two-beat pace than a four-beat amble. The second is called a "Valhopp" and is a tölt and canter combination most often seen in untrained young horses or horses that mix their gaits. Both varieties are normally uncomfortable to ride.
The breed also performs a pace called a "skeið", "flugskeið" or "flying pace". It is used in pacing races, and is fast and smooth, with some horses able to reach up to . Not all Icelandic horses can perform this gait; animals that perform both the tölt and the flying pace in addition to the traditional gaits are considered the best of the breed. The flying pace is a two-beat lateral gait with a moment of suspension between footfalls; each side has both feet land almost simultaneously (left hind and left front, suspension, right hind and right front). It is meant to be performed by well-trained and balanced horses with skilled riders. It is not a gait used for long-distance travel. A slow pace is uncomfortable for the rider and is not encouraged when training the horse to perform the gait. Although most pacing horses are raced in harness using sulkies, in Iceland horses are raced while ridden.
History.
The ancestors of the Icelandic horse were probably taken to Iceland by Viking Age Scandinavians between 860 and 935 AD. The Norse settlers were followed by immigrants from Norse colonies in Ireland, the Isle of Man and the Western Isles of Scotland. These later settlers arrived with the ancestors of what would elsewhere become Shetland, Highland, and Connemara ponies, which were crossed with the previously imported animals. There may also have been a connection with the Yakut pony, and the breed has physical similarities to the Nordlandshest of Norway. Other breeds with similar characteristics include the Faroe pony of the Faeroe Islands and the Norwegian Fjord horse. Genetic analyses have revealed links between the Mongolian horse and the Icelandic horse. Mongolian horses are believed to have been originally imported from Russia by Swedish traders; this imported Mongol stock subsequently contributed to the Fjord, Exmoor, Scottish Highland, Shetland and Connemara breeds, all of which have been found to be genetically linked to the Icelandic horse.
About 900 years ago, attempts were made to introduce eastern blood into the Icelandic, resulting in a degeneration of the stock. In 982 AD the Icelandic Althing (parliament) passed laws prohibiting the importation of horses into Iceland, thus ending crossbreeding. The breed has now been bred pure in Iceland for more than 1,000 years.
The earliest Norse people venerated the horse as a symbol of fertility, and white horses were slaughtered at sacrificial feasts and ceremonies. When these settlers arrived in Iceland, they brought their beliefs, and their horses, with them. Horses played a significant part in Norse mythology, and several horses played major roles in the Norse myths, among them the eight-footed pacer named Sleipnir, owned by Odin, chief of the Norse gods. Skalm, a mare who is the first Icelandic horse known by name, appeared in the "Book of Settlements" from the 12th century. According to the book, a chieftain named Seal-Thorir founded a settlement at the place where Skalm stopped and lay down with her pack. Horses also play key roles in the Icelandic sagas "Hrafnkel's Saga", "Njal's Saga" and "Grettir's Saga". Although written in the 13th century, these three sagas are set as far back as the 9th century. This early literature has an influence today, with many riding clubs and horse herds in modern Iceland still bearing the .
Horses were often considered the most prized possession of a medieval Icelander. Indispensable to warriors, war horses were sometimes buried alongside their fallen riders, and stories were told of their deeds. Icelanders also arranged for bloody fights between stallions; these were used for entertainment and to pick the best animals for breeding, and they were described in both literature and official records from the Commonwealth period of 930 to 1262 AD. Stallion fights were an important part of Icelandic culture, and brawls, both physical and verbal, among the spectators were common. The conflicts at the horse fights gave rivals a chance to improve their political and social standing at the expense of their enemies and had wide social and political repercussions, sometimes leading to the restructuring of political alliances. However, not all human fights were serious, and the events provided a stage for friends and even enemies to battle without the possibility of major consequences. Courting between young men and women was also common at horse fights.
Natural selection played a major role in the development of the breed, as large numbers of horses died from lack of food and exposure to the elements. Between 874 and 1300 AD, during the more favorable climatic conditions of the medieval warm period, Icelandic breeders selectively bred horses according to special rules of color and conformation. From 1300 to 1900, selective breeding became less of a priority; the climate was often severe and many horses and people died. Between 1783 and 1784, around 70% of the horses in Iceland were killed by volcanic ash poisoning and starvation after the 1783 eruption of Lakagígar. The eruption lasted eight months, covered hundreds of square miles of land with lava, and rerouted or dried up several rivers. The population slowly recovered during the next hundred years, and from the beginning of the 20th century selective breeding again became important. The first Icelandic breed societies were established in 1904, and the first breed registry in Iceland was established in 1923.
Icelandics were exported to Great Britain before the 20th century to work as pit ponies in the coal mines, because of their strength and small size. However, those horses were never registered and little evidence of their existence remains. The first formal exports of Icelandic horses were to Germany in the 1940s. Great Britain's first official imports were in 1956, when a Scottish farmer, Stuart McKintosh, began a breeding program. Other breeders in Great Britain followed McKintosh's lead, and the Icelandic Horse Society of Great Britain was formed in 1986. The number of Icelandic horses exported to other nations has steadily increased since the first exports of the mid-19th century. Since 1969, multiple societies have worked together to preserve, improve and market these horses under the auspices of the International Federation of Icelandic Horse Associations. Today, the Icelandic remains a breed known for its purity of bloodline, and is the only horse breed present in Iceland.
The Icelandic is especially popular in western Europe, Scandinavia, and North America. There are about 80,000 Icelandic horses in Iceland (compared to a human population of 317,000), and around 100,000 abroad. Almost 50,000 are in Germany, which has many active riding clubs and breed societies.
Uses.
Icelandic horses still play a large part in Icelandic life, despite increasing mechanization and road improvements that diminish the necessity for the breed's use. The first official Icelandic horse race was held at Akureyri in 1874, and many races are held throughout the country from April through June. Both gallop and pace races are held, as well as performance classes showcasing the breed's unique gaits. Winter events are often held, including races on frozen bodies of water. In 2009 such an event resulted in both horses and riders falling into the water and needing to be rescued. The first shows, focused on the quality of animals as breeding stock, were held in 1906. The Agricultural Society of Iceland, along with the National Association of Riding Clubs, organizes regular shows with a wide variety of classes. Some horses are bred for slaughter, and much of the meat is exported to Japan. Farmers still use the breed to round up sheep in the Icelandic highlands, and tourism is a growing industry, but most horses are used for competition and leisure riding.
Registration.
Today, the Icelandic horse is represented by associations in 22 countries, with the International Federation of Icelandic Horse Associations (FEIF) serving as a governing international parent organization. The FEIF was founded on May 25, 1969, with six countries as original members: Austria, Denmark, Germany, Iceland, the Netherlands, and Switzerland. France and Norway joined in 1971, and Belgium and Sweden in 1975. Later, Finland, Canada, Great Britain, USA, Faroe Islands, Luxembourg, Italy, Slovenia and Ireland became members, but Ireland subsequently left because of a lack of members. New Zealand has been given the status of "associate member" as its membership base is small. In 2000, WorldFengur was established as the official FEIF registry for Icelandic horses. The registry is a web database program that is used as a studbook to track the history and bloodlines of the Icelandic breed. The registry contains information on the pedigree, breeder, owner, offspring, photo, breeding evaluations and assessments, and unique identification of each horse registered. The database was established by the Icelandic government in cooperation with the FEIF. Since its inception, around 300,000 Icelandic horses, living and dead, have been registered worldwide. The Islandpferde-Reiter- und Züchterverband is an organization of German riders and breeders of Icelandic horses and the association of all Icelandic horse clubs in Germany.


Artturi Lehtinen

Artturi August Lehtinen (10 October 1896 Muurla – 9 October 1966 Helsinki) was a Finnish diplomat. He graduated as a Bachelor of Agricultural and Forest Sciences in 1927. He served as the head of the Trade Policy Department of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs from 1951 to 1953. He then served as Consul General from 1953 to 1959 in New York, as Chargé d'Affaires to Ottawa from 1959 to 1960, as ambassador since 1961 when the delegation became Embassy in 1964.


B. V. Nimbkar

Bonbehari Vishnu Nimbkar is an Indian agricultural scientist and social worker, known for his pioneering work in the fields of animal husbandry and agriculture. He is the founder of Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute, a Phaltan-based non governmental organization engaged in research and development in animal husbandry and agriculture. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2006, for his contributions to Indian agricultural sector. In November 2016 he was given the Jamnalal Bajaj Award for application of science and technology for rural applications.
Biography.
B. V. Nimbkar, born on 17 July 1931 in Goa to Kamala Nimbkar ("nee" Elizabeth Lundy) and Vishnu Nimbkar. He attended George school, a Quaker run preparatory school in Newtown, Pennsylvania His mother also attended the same school After obtaining a master's degree from the University of Arizona, he returned to India. In 1956,he started farming in Phaltan, a taluka in western Maharashtra and is reported to have started a seed business and processing plant called Nimbkar seeds, with financial assistance from Rockefeller Foundation. In 1968, he founded the Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute (NARI), a non profit non governmental organization, for advanced research in agriculture. The organization has since grown to include activities in renewable energy, animal husbandry and sustainable development. His company Nimbkar Seeds is credited with the introduction of pure-bred Boer goats for the first time in India.
Nimbkar remained the president of NARI till 1990 and the organization is presently headed by his daughter Nandini Nimbkar and assisted by Chanda Nimbker and Nandini's husband, Anil K. Rajvanshi. The organization is reported to have had many achievements such as the development of 2009 Global Sustainability Research Award winning Lantern-cum-stove, development of "NARI Suwarna" strain of Deccani sheep,; development of loose biomass gasifier for industrial heating applications method for artificial insemination in goats using frozen buck semen, breeding of high-yielding Southern African Boer sheep and development of hybrid sweet sorghum. The activities have earned the organization several awards including the "Science and Technology Innovation for Rural Development Award" of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in 2007. Nimbkar has documented his researches by way of several articles published in national and international journals. The Government of India awarded him the civilian honour of the Padma Shri in 2006.


Baihao Yinzhen

Baihao Yinzhen (; pronounced ), also known as White Hair Silver Needle, is a white tea produced in Fujian Province in China. Silver Needle or Bai Hao Yin Zhen or usually just Yin Zhen is the Chinese type of white tea. Amongst white teas, this is the most expensive variety and the most prized, as only top buds (leaf shoots) of the camellia sinensis plant are used to produce the tea. Genuine Silver Needles are made from cultivars of the "Da Bai" (Large White) tea tree family. There are other productions that look similar with downy leaf shoots but most are green teas, and as green teas, they taste differently and have a different biochemical potency than the genuine white tea Silver Needle. It is commonly included among China's famous teas.
Possible Origins.
In the early years of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1796), Baihao Yinzhen was successfully cultivated from vegetable tea in Fuding. The export of Baihao Yinzhen started in 1891. Baihao Yinzhen used to be called Luxueya (绿雪芽, literally "green snow shoots"), which is regarded as the ancestor of white tea. The mother tree is planted in Hongxue Cave on Taimu Mountain in Fuding.
Plantation.
Fuding, located in the northeast of Fujian Province, has mild and warm climate and plenty of rainfall. Perennial mean temperature is 18.4℃. It is surrounded by hills on 3 sides and the East China Sea on 1 side. The position is 26°52′～27°26′ north, 119°55′～120°43′ east.
Production.
A genuine Silver Needle is a white tea. As such, it is only lightly oxidized. The most sought after productions are from the first flushes, which generally take place between late March to early April, when the year's first new buds "flush". For the production of Silver Needle, only the leaf shoots, i.e. the leaf buds before opening, are plucked. Unlike the plucking of green tea, the ideal time and weather for plucking white tea is a sunny morning when the sun is high enough to have dried any remaining moisture on the buds.
Traditionally, the plucks are laid in shallow baskets to wilt under the sun for an extended period, and the best quality produced today are still made this way. To avoid loss due to sudden rain, gusts, or other accidents, some producers are taking the plucks indoor to wilt in a chamber with artificial warm air flow. The softened shoots are then piled for the required enzyme oxidation (often incorrectly referred to as fermentation) before they are taken for a low temperature bake-dry.
Two regions, Zhenghe and Fuding, spanning the north to north-eastern parts of the Fujian province are the major and original producers of this tea, although neighboring counties have also been producing. The two major cultivars employed by these regions are Fuding Da Bai and Zhenghe Da Bai, named after their origins. These differences are important to distinguish the two major styles of Silver Needles — the Zhenghe style and the Fuding style. The former is usually a lot darker, with significantly longer piled-up time for oxidation, yielding a tea with fuller body than the latter style, which is generally lighter with shorter oxidation. The character of the tea tree leaves of the former allows for the extended piled-up time without turning bad. Both styles have their own group of followers, as taste is a rather personal preference.
Baohao Yinzhen can be harvested in spring, summer and autumn. Spring tea has the highest quality and most abundant which makes up half of annual production.
Process.
Hand-picking.
Baihao Yinzhen is the tender bud of the white tea. It needs to be picked up before the buds open. Tea planters pick the leaves straight from the tea bush and put them into the baskets in dry sunny days.
Withering (sun drying).
The withering of white tea leaves is a natural process which needs the tea workers to use their real skills. The freshly picked leaves and buds are left in a dormant state for a maximum of 3 days to have them dried thoroughly.
Dehydrating.
Drying the Baihao Yinzhen is an essential and challenging step. The process has a strict requirement of temperature and workers’ skills. If the temperature falls to be in a specific range, the taste of Baihao Yinzhen will lose its unique taste.
Brewing.
As with all white teas, it is best prepared with water below boiling (at around 75 to 80 degrees Celsius or 167 to 176 degrees Fahrenheit) and produces a slightly viscous glittering pale yellow color with evidence of floating white hairs that reflect light. Baihao Yinzhen is said to smell of "fresh-cut hay", and the flavour is described as sweet, vegetal, and delicate. Steeping should be longer than other white teas; up to 5 minutes per brew, and the volume of tea to be used can be higher. There are few parallels to be drawn as the taste is not similar to any other teas but Bai Mu Dan, except the latter is fuller but not as sweet and delicate.
Storage.
Baihao Yinzhen needs to be stored with a lower amount of moisture. If the bud turns into powder after squeezing it, it means the amount of humidity is low enough. If not, the tea needs to be brewed as soon as possible. Tinfoil cylinders, porcelains, tinted glass bottles are the best containers for Baihao Yinzhen. Cans, wooden boxes and bamboo boxes are also acceptable. Baihao Yinzhen should be stored in dry and clean containers and a ventilated area. Also, the tea cannot be stored alongside things with strong smells like camphor, medicines, cosmetics, and detergents.


Hebridean sheep

The Hebridean is a breed of small black sheep from Scotland, similar to other members of the Northern European short-tailed sheep group, having a short, triangular tail. They often have two pairs of horns. They were often formerly known as "St Kilda" sheep, although unlike Soay and Boreray sheep they are probably not in fact from the St Kilda archipelago.
Characteristics.
Modern Hebrideans have black, rather coarse wool, which fades to brown in the sun and often becomes grey with age; there is no wool on the face or legs. If not shorn the wool may moult naturally in spring. Rams and ewes typically have one pair of horns, but often have two or even more pairs (polycerate), and occasionally none. They are considerably smaller than most other breeds of sheep, fully grown ewes weighing only around , and rams slightly heavier, at around .
Hebrideans are hardy and able to thrive on rough grazing, and so are often used as conservation grazing animals to maintain natural grassland or heathland habitats. They are particularly effective at scrub control, having a strong preference for browsing.
History.
The sheep kept throughout Britain up to the Iron Age were small, short-tailed, and varied in colour. These survived into the 19th century in the Highlands and Islands as the Scottish Dunface, which had various local varieties, most of which are now extinct (some do survive, such as the Shetland and North Ronaldsay). The Dunfaces kept in the Hebrides were very small, with white faces and legs; their bodies were usually white, but often black, brown, russet or grey. The fleece was short and soft and they were typically horned in both sexes, many of them having two or even three pairs of horns. The Dunface was gradually replaced with long-tailed breeds such as the Scottish Blackface and Cheviot; it died out on the mainland and eventually also on the Hebridean islands.
The last known native Hebridean sheep survived on Uist, and in the 1880s some were taken from there to Storrs Hall at Windermere in Cumbria, northern England. These sheep were distributed as ornamental animals to various estates in England and Scotland, generally being called "St Kilda" sheep. Eventually only black sheep remained in these flocks. The black gene carried by Hebrideans is absent from endemic European sheep, but does occur in some Middle Eastern types. It is thought that it was acquired at some time by the Hebridean (and also by the Black Welsh Mountain) through interbreeding with the Jacob, which is thought to be derived from Middle Eastern or Mediterranean sheep and which has also been widely kept as an ornamental animal.
In 1973 the ornamental Hebrideans were identified by the Rare Breeds Survival Trust as being in need of conservation. Since then the breed has been revived, and it is no longer regarded as rare; it is kept in many parts of the world, now including its native Hebrides.
Cultural References.
One of the characters of the novel Three Bags Full, the sheep Othello, is a Hebridean sheep.


List of botanical gardens in Ghana

Botanical gardens in Ghana have collections consisting entirely of Ghana native and endemic species; most have a collection that include plants from around the world. There are botanical gardens and arboreta in all states and territories of Ghana, most are administered by local governments, some are privately owned.


Mount Gambier wine region

Mount Gambier wine region is a wine region located in the south east of South Australia around the regional city of Mount Gambier. The first planting of vines occurred in 1982. The region received appellation as an Australian Geographical Indication in 2010 and as of 2014, is represented by 20 vineyards and eight wineries.
Extent and appellation.
The Mount Gambier wine region is the southernmost region in the Limestone Coast wine zone. It covers the area around the principal regional city of Mount Gambier and is bounded to the north by the Coonawarra just north of Nangwarry, to the east by the border with Victoria and to the south by the continental coastline from the border to Carpenter Rocks in the west. The Mount Gambier wine region was registered as an Australian Geographical Indication on 21 December 2010.
History.
The first plantings occurred in 1982 in a vineyard established by Sandy and Helen Haig immediately south of the city of Mount Gambier. The establishment of vineyards within the wine region is attributed to primary producers diversifying away from dairy production following the corporatisation and deregulation of that industry beginning in the late 1970s. Vineyards are exclusively family businesses ‘usually associated with other agricultural pursuits such as orchards, grazing, hay production and animal husbandry.’ The vineyards planted in the 1980s focused on Chardonnay and Pinot Noir varieties while establishments in the 1990s included varieties such as Cabernet and Merlot. Between the years 2001 and 2010, the majority of the region’s vineyards were planted with a total planted area of for the region as of 2011. As of 2014, there are at least 20 vineyards and eight associated wineries in operation within the region.
Grapes and wine.
As of 2011, the most common plantings in the Mount Gambier region are Sauvignon Blanc (38% of total area) followed by Pinot Noir (29%), Chardonnay (15%) and Pinot Gris (10%). Alternatively, white wine varieties account for 65% of plantings while red wines varieties account for 35% of plantings.


Gadaria

The Gadaria or Gadariya (also known as Baghela, Pal, Gadri, Gayri, or Gayari) is an ethnic group that was traditionally involved professionally in livestock breeding, especially sheep. The Gurjars also have herds along with cattle and it is believed that over time the Gurjars who remained shepherds became a different caste named Gadaria. In Bihar they are called Gangajali, Bhedihar and Gaderi. They speak Hindi or local dialects. They are primarily found in Uttar Pradesh and in some parts of Punjab, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Bihar.
Etymology.
The word Gadaria is derived from the old Hindi word "Gadar", which means "sheep".
History.
In the early 1910s, an educated class of Gadarias formed All India Pal Kshatriya Mahasabha. There were debates within the community whether to add Kshatriya suffix to the community name. In the 1930s, they started referring to themselves as "Pali Rajput", a synonym of Pal kshatriya. They started caste magazines like "Pal kshatriya Samachar" and "Shepherd Times". Later the community went through the process of de-sanskritization and dropped the suffix Kshatriya. Among the reasons cited for de-sanskritization were losing autonomy of their caste identity and avoiding being submerged into the identity of high castes.
Sub-castes.
There are two major subdivisions amongst Gadarias, namely Dhangar and Nikhar. They share the same gotras. Chauhan, Parihar, Sisodiya, Chandel, Bhadoriya, Solanki, etc. are some of the gotras amongst them.
In Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Delhi they are classified as Other Backward Class in the Indian System of Reservation.
Religion.
They practice Hinduism, worship family deities and various other deities including Ram, Krishna, Shiva, Vishnu, Hanuman, Kali, Chandi and Lakshmi. Some of them wear sacred thread. Majority of them are vegetarians, though some of them eat meat and drink alcohol.


Andalusian donkey

The Andalusian, , is a Spanish breed of domestic donkey. It is native to the province of Córdoba in Andalusia, and may also be known as the Asno Cordobés ("Cordovan donkey") after the city of Córdoba or the Asno de Lucena ("Lucena donkey") because of its alleged origin in the town of Lucena, Córdoba. It is an endangered breed, and is classified by the Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, the Spanish agriculture ministry, as an "autochthonous breed in danger of extinction".
History.
The breed was considered the most prized in the eighteenth century, and the Spanish crown would not permit them to leave the country; however, King Charles III sent two males (jacks) to U.S. President George Washington in 1785. Only one jack survived the sea journey to Mount Vernon, and was named "Royal Gift".
Characteristics.
The Andalusian is a large donkey, averaging at the withers, and of medium length. The head is of medium size, with a convex profile; the neck is muscular. The coat is short and fine, and soft to the touch; it is pale grey, sometimes almost white. The Andalusian is strong and sturdy, yet docile and calm. It is well adapted to the hot and arid conditions of its native environment.
Status.
The current state of the Andalusian breed is critical. At the end of 2013 the total population was reported at 749, of which almost all were in Andalucia. Conservation plans include sparing use as work animal in the field and the forest (work which can also be done by horses), and use in rural tourism initiatives that have been followed in some places like Mijas (Málaga).


Canestrato

Canestrato is a hard cheese from the Italian regions of Basilicata, Apulia, Sicily, and Abruzzo, made from a mixture of sheep milk and goat milk. It is listed on the Ark of Taste. The cheese is typical in Basilicata. It is also a specialty of Castel del Monte, Abruzzo. The Apulian variety is made using "Lactobacillus brevis".
Canestrato varietals include:


Bartolomeo Intieri

Bartolomeo Intieri (Florence, 1678 - Naples, 27 February 1757) was an Italian agronomist.
Life.
Born in Florence in 1678, Interi moved to Naples in 1699. He studied mathematics, focusing on the theories by René Descartes, Galileo Galilei and Giovanni Alfonso Borelli.
He composed two operettas at San Marco dei Cavoti, near Benevento, dedicating them to G. Cavaniglia, marquis of St. Mark. Since his writings did not reach the hoped-for success, he turned to Antonio Magliabechi who pledged to divulge them more successfully.
He was interested in mechanics, in particular to the application to the construction of useful agricultural machines for the grain mill. In 1716 he published "Nuova invenzione di fabbricar mulini a vento" dedicating the work to Wirich Philipp von Daun.
In March 1734 he obtained the task of administering Medici's allodal goods, engaging simultaneously as a secret informant of the Tuscan government. The information he provided was about the over-travels, the clashes between the Roman Curia and Neapolitan, and popular issues regarding protests and adherence to the monarchy.
When in 1743 he was released from his office following the death of Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, the last exponent of the Medici family, he continued to earn 600 ducats. During these years he accumulated a considerable amount of money that allowed him to build a residence on the Sorrento hills, in Massaquano, where he held various cultural debates surrounded by close friends like Ferdinando Galiani and Antonio Genovesi.


Constantin Ion Parhon

Constantin Ion Parhon (; 15 October 1874 – 9 August 1969) was a Romanian neuropsychiatrist, endocrinologist and politician. He was the first head of state of the Romanian People's Republic from 1947 to 1952. Parhon was President of the Physicians and Naturalists Society in Iași, director of medical institutes, professor, and a titular member of the Romanian Academy.
Biography.
Born in Câmpulung to the schoolteacher Ioan Parhon and his wife Maria (née Bauer), he completed lyceum in Ploiești and graduated from the University of Bucharest, where he also received his MD. He later received an Honorary Doctorate from Charles University in Prague (1948).
Parhon taught Neurology and Psychiatry at the School of Medicine of the University of Iași (1912–1933), and, from 1933, Endocrinology at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Bucharest. Parhon was the founder of the Romanian school of endocrinology. In 1909, he co-authored with Moise Goldstein the first book on endocrinology, "Secrețiile Interne" ("Internal Secretions"). Later on, he published a "Handbook of Endocrinology", co-written with M. Goldstein and Ștefan-Marius Milcu (3 volumes, 1945–1949). Parhon published over 400 titles, and was known for his encyclopaedic knowledge. Besides the afore-mentioned works, some of his other well-known works are "Old Age and Its Treatment" (1948), "The Age Biology" (1955), and "Selected Works" (5 volumes, 1954–1962).
As a socialist militant who, according to his own testimony, was influenced by the works of Karl Marx in his teens, Parhon was one of the founders of a Laborer Party ("Partidul Muncitoresc"), a short-lived group that fused into the left-wing Peasants' Party in 1919. A short while after the fusion, Parhon split with the group and became politically inclined toward the Workers' Party of Romania.
He allegedly protested against Romania's participation in World War II on the Axis side ("see Romania during World War II"), but, according to some sources, he was also a representative in Romania for the Reich-based chemical and pharmaceutical company Merck Darmstadt. In November 1944, after the 23 August King Michael's Coup that led Romania to switch sides in the war, and join the Allies, he became President of the Romanian Association for Strengthening the Ties with the Soviet Union, which had been founded at his villa in Sinaia. He was a deputy in Parliament (known as the Assembly of Deputies) and the Great National Assembly between 1946 and 1961.
After the forced abdication of King Michael I on 30 December 1947, the Deputies' Assembly adopted Law No. 363, through which Romania became a People's Republic and the 1923 Constitution was repealed. The same law provided for a Presidium composed of five members (elected by the Deputies' Assembly) to exercise the executive powers in the state; alongside Parhon, its members were Mihail Sadoveanu, Ștefan Voitec, Gheorghe Stere, and Ion Niculi. Shortly afterwards, Parhon became the President of the Presidium, thus becoming Romania's head of state.
On 13 April 1948, the Parliament adopted a new Constitution, which borrowed heavily from the Soviet model of 1936 and entrusted the supreme powers to the Great National Assembly – which in turn elected a Presidium, composed of a president, three vice-presidents, a secretary and 14 members. The same day, Parhon was elected as President of the Presidium, though the real power in the state was exercised by the Romanian Workers' Party and its First Secretary, Gheorghe Gheorgiu-Dej. On 22 August 1950, he issued a decree (together with Marin Florea Ionescu) whereby Brașov was renamed "Orașul Stalin" (Stalin City), "in honor of the great genius of working humanity, the leader of the Soviet people, the liberator and beloved friend of our people, Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin".
Parhon was a member of the Romanian Academy and other scientific societies. He was awarded the title of "Hero of Socialist Labor" and received the State Prize. He liked to be referred to as a "citizen-scientist".
He resigned from political office in June 1952, dedicating the rest of his life to scientific research. He was buried in the round hall of "The Monument of the Heroes for the Freedom of the People and of the Motherland, for Socialism" in Bucharest's Carol Park. In the aftermath of the Romanian Revolution of December 1989, his remains were exhumed in 1991, and interred in another cemetery.


Denis Farrelly

Denis Farrelly (18 September 1912 – 27 December 1974) was a Fine Gael politician from County Meath in Ireland. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) for 8 years, and then a Senator for five years.
A member of Meath County Council from 1959, Farrelly was chairman of the North-Eastern Health Board from 1971 until his death. He stood unsuccessfully as a Fine Gael candidate for Dáil Éireann in the Meath constituency at the 1954 general election and at a by-election in 1959, before winning the seat at the 1961 election. He was re-elected in 1965, but defeated at the 1969 general election. He stood again in 1973, but was not elected.
After the loss of his Dáil seat 1969, he was elected to the 12th Seanad Éireann on the Industrial and Commercial Panel. He was returned in 1973 to the 13th Seanad, and died in office in 1974, aged 62.


Mohammad Mahbubuzzaman

Mohammad Mahbubuzzaman was a Bangladeshi bureaucrat, Cabinet Secretary, and government minister.
Career.
Mahbubuzzaman was the Cabinet Secretary of during the government of General Hussain Mohammad Ershad. He joined the cabinet of Ershad after retiring from government service, as a minister. He served as the Minister of Agriculture from 1988 to 1990.
Personal life.
Mahbubuzzaman has two sons. His eldest son, Colonel Mohammad Anisuzzaman, was the Bangladesh Rifles Mymensingh Sector Commander and his youngest son, Mohammad Ashrafuzzaman, lives in the United States is the vice president of Bank of America in New York City. Colonel Mohammad Anisuzzaman was killed in the 2009 Bangladesh Rifles Mutiny.
Death.
Mahbubuzzaman died on 3 March 2008.


Caduceus Cellars

Caduceus Cellars is a winery in Jerome, Arizona, United States. It is owned by Maynard James Keenan, who is best known as the vocalist for Grammy Award-winning progressive metal band Tool. He is descended from Northern Italian winemakers. While the winery is named after the caduceus, an ancient symbol for commerce and staff of the Greek god Hermes, the vineyard is named Merkin Vineyards, after a pubic wig (merkin).
History.
Viticulture in Arizona began in the 18th century when missionary Spanish Jesuit priests began to plant grapevines and make wine for use in Christian religious ceremonies. Unlike most vineyards in Arizona, which are located in the southeastern portion of the state near Tucson, Caduceus Cellars and Merkin Vineyards are based in the unincorporated area of Page Springs/Cornville, Arizona, southwest of Keenan's place of residence, as well as the cellar where wine tasting is available, in Jerome (which is open 365 days a year). Keenan has characterized the neighbors of the winery as "a teetotaling Republican community".
Wines.
Caduceus' first wine, the limited edition Primer Paso (2005, 2006, 2007), sold out, and was followed by a Nagual de la Naga (2004, 2005, 2006) and a Nagual del Sensei (2004, 2005). Later wines include the Nagual de la Naga (2004, 2005, 2006), Merkin Vineyards Chupacabra (2005, 2006), Merkin Vineyards Shinola (2006), Nagual del Judith (2007), and Sancha (2007).
Keenan's mother died in 2003, at the age of 59, due to complications from a brain aneurysm. Following her death, he scattered her ashes across one of his vineyards, later honoring her memory with his Cabernet Sauvignon "Nagual del Judith", the first made entirely with grapes from Merkin Vineyards. In a statement released in April 2009, Keenan stated:
Previous wines were named after relatives of the Chiricahua Apache chief Cochise who lived in the area where the vineyard is located, and were produced at Page Springs Cellars, owned by Keenan's business partner.
Promotion.
Keenan, a musician with the rock bands Tool, A Perfect Circle and Puscifer, began scheduling all records, promoting and touring around the winery's most important weeks shortly after its establishment. Keenan remarked, "These guys know that I've gotta be in Arizona for the harvesting and processing, and then I'll need to be back there again for the bottling. We'll be working our touring schedule around it." During the fall of 2008, Keenan began a small promotional tour with Eric Glomski, promoting the wine with signing sessions at Whole Foods Markets in California, Arizona and Nevada. The tour continued in 2009 with sessions in Texas kicking off in March, and appearances scheduled during Tool's 2009 summer tour in Florida, Massachusetts, and New Jersey.
Keenan also carries a bottle of Caduceus wine during the 2008 "Momma Sed" music video for Puscifer.
Documentary.
"Blood Into Wine" is a documentary about Keenan and Glomski's embarkation into winemaking in the desert conditions of Arizona's Verde Valley, and the success they've seen in the decade since its inception. The trailer, co-produced by "Moog" filmmakers Ryan Page and Christopher Pomerenke, was released on the web on June 11, 2009, on twinklecashcompany.com. The movie was released in March 2010 theatrically and on DVD and Blu-ray in September 2010.


Camillo Tarello

Camillo Tarello (ca. 1513 - 1573) was a Venetian agronomist, known as author of "Ricordo d'agricoltura di M. Camillo Tarello", and for his patent of a new system in agriculture based on crop rotation granted by the Venetian Senate in 1566.
Life and work.
Camillo Tarello, a native of Lonato del Garda, in the Venetian territories, concerned to see the neglected and dreadful mismanaged state of husbandry in his country, wrote his small, but highly valuable treatise of Agriculture, and presented it to the Senate of Venice under the title of "Ricordo es Agricultura". The Senate, in justice to the excellency of this work and the patriotic intentions of its author, granted him, on 29 September 1566, not only the sole right of vending his book, but also ordered at the same time that all such as adopted his new method of husbandry, should pay to him, and afterwards to his descendants, four marchetti (about three halfpence of the 18th century) for every acre of corn land, and two marchetti for every acre of other land, planted according to his direction.
Tarello and another agronomist from Brescia, Agostino Gallo, promoted the use of clover as a fodder. In "Ricordo d'agricoltura" he explained:
In the antiquity clover had been of secondary importance as manner. Its domestication had been described by Albertus Magnus in "De vegitabilibus", around 1270, but the campaign of Gallo and Tarello around 1550 made it popular.
Reception.
Tarello's work became an import reference in early modern agricultural theory. In the early 19th century , for example, Albrecht Thaer claimed that in Mecklenburg there was complete ignorance of Camillo Tarello's method of not burying the dung until the last sowing, or of even spreading it over the new turf. In fact, the adoption of this plan, according to which the manure is only applied to the soil as a kind of capital, is perhaps considered to produce too great a diminution in the corn harvests, although the loss in that point will, in the end, be thoroughly compensated by the increased richness of the pasturage, and by the abundance of the produce which will be obtained when the ground is cultivated again.
Thaer further explained:
And according to Thaer (1844), the testimony of a great many aged persons goes to prove that a wide extent of land, which had been wholly exhausted by the triennial rotation, has become so much ameliorated by this system of cultivation in the course of one generation, that it is now capable of producing a considerable surplus of corn for exportation, besides affording an abundant pasturage to three times as many cattle as were formerly fed upon it.


Charles Kelling

Carl Friederich Christian Kelling (21 June 1818 – 28 December 1898), generally known as Charles Frederick Christian Kelling, was a New Zealand emigration agent, farmer and community leader. He was born on 21 June 1818 in Klütz, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. He was the older brother of Fedor Kelling. He died at Wakefield. He represented the Moutere (1862–1869) and then the Waimea West (1869–1873) electorates on the Nelson Provincial Council.


Donald Wyman

Donald Wyman (1904 — 6 December 1993) was an American horticulturist, the head of horticulture at Harvard University's Arnold Arboretum from 1935 to 1970.
He took a bachelor's degree in horticulture from Pennsylvania State College (1926) and a master's in forestry (1933), then a PhD in horticulture at Cornell University (1935). He joined the Arboretum in 1935 and served for six months without salary in the depths of the Great Depression before being named horticulturist in 1936. He was the author of many books, including "Wyman's Gardening Encyclopedia" (1971) and was a frequent contributor to the journal "Arnoldia". Wyman served as president, director, and trustee of the American Horticultural Society.
At the Arnold Arboretum he departed from the original method of planting by botanical association, to mark vistas and turns with specimen trees, and was energetic in acquiring seeds of many species that he introduced to American horticulture. He retired in 1970.
He received the George Robert White Medal from the Massachusetts Horticultural Society (1970), the Liberty Hyde Bailey Medal from the American Horticultural Society, the Veitch Memorial Medal from the Royal Horticultural Society (1969) and the Medal of Honor from the Garden Club of America (1965). The widely planted crabapple "Malus "Donald Wyman"" was named for him upon his retirement in 1970.
Selected works.
Aside from hundreds of professional articles in the Arboretum's journal "Arnoldia" he published


Swing Riots

The Swing Riots were a widespread uprising in 1830 by agricultural workers in southern and eastern England, in protest at agricultural mechanisation and harsh working conditions. It began with the destruction of threshing machines in the Elham Valley area of East Kent in the summer of 1830, and by early December had spread through the whole of southern England and East Anglia.
The first threshing machine was destroyed on Saturday night, 28 August 1830 and, by the third week of October, more than 100 threshing machines had been destroyed in East Kent. As well as attacking the popularly hated threshing machines, which displaced workers, the protesters rioted over low wages and required tithes, destroying workhouses and tithe barns associated with their oppression. They also burned ricks and maimed cows.
The rioters directed their anger at the three targets identified as causing their misery: the tithe system, requiring payments to support the established Anglican Church; the Poor Law guardians, who were thought to abuse their power over the poor; and the rich tenant farmers who had been progressively lowering workers' wages while introducing agricultural machinery. If captured, the protesters faced charges of arson, robbery, riot, machine-breaking and assault. Those convicted faced imprisonment, transportation, and possibly execution.
The Swing Riots had many immediate causes. Historian J. F. C. Harrison believed that they were overwhelmingly the result of the progressive impoverishment and dispossession of the English agricultural workforce over the previous fifty years, leading up to 1830. In parliament Lord Carnarvon had said that the English labourer was reduced to a plight more abject than that of any race in Europe, with their employers no longer able to feed and employ them. A 2020 study found that the presence of threshing machines caused greater rioting, and that severity of the riots was lowest in areas with abundant employment alternatives (and highest in areas with few alternative employment opportunities).
The name "Swing Riots" was derived from Captain Swing, the fictitious name often signed to the threatening letters sent to farmers, magistrates, parsons, and others. He was regarded as the mythical figurehead of the movement. ('Swing' was apparently a reference to the swinging stick of the flail used in hand threshing.) The Swing letters were first mentioned by "The Times" newspaper on 21 October 1830.
Background.
Early 19th-century England was almost unique among major nations in having no class of landed smallholding peasantry. The Enclosure Acts of rural England contributed to the plight of rural farmworkers. Between 1770 and 1830 about of common land were enclosed. The common land had been used for centuries by the poor of the countryside to graze their animals and grow their own produce. This land was now divided up among the large local landowners, leaving the landless farmworkers solely dependent upon working for their richer neighbours for a cash wage. Whilst this may have offered a tolerable living during the boom years of the Napoleonic wars, when labour had been in short supply and corn prices high, the return of peace in 1815 resulted in plummeting grain prices and an oversupply of labour.
According to social historians John and Barbara Hammond, enclosure was fatal to three classes: the small farmer, the cottager and the squatter. Before enclosure the cottager was a labourer with land; after enclosure he was a labourer without land.
In contrast to the Hammond's 1911 analysis of the events, the historian G. E. Mingay noted in his 1997 book that when the Swing riots broke out in 1830, the heavily-enclosed Midlands remained almost entirely quiet, but the riots were concentrated in the southern and south-eastern counties, little affected by enclosure. Some historians have posited a reason for this, for example in the West Midlands, the rapid expansion of the Potteries, and the coal and iron industries provided an alternative range of employment to agricultural workers.
Critically J. D. Chambers and G. E. Mingay, suggested that the Hammonds exaggerated the costs of change when in reality enclosure meant more food for the growing population, more land under cultivation and on balance, more employment in the countryside. The modern historians of the Swing riots, Eric Hobsbawm and George Rudé, cited only three of a total of 1,475 incidents as being directly caused by enclosure. Since the late 20th century, those contentions have been challenged by a new class of recent historians. The Enclosure movement has been seen by some as causing the destruction of the traditional peasant way of life, however miserable:
Landless peasants could no longer maintain an economic independence so had to become labourers. Surplus peasant labour moved into the towns to become industrial workers.
In the 1780s, workers would be employed at annual hiring fairs (or mops), to serve for the whole year. During this period the worker would receive payment in kind and in cash from his employer, would often work at his side, and would commonly share meals at the employer's table. As time passed the gulf between farmer and employee widened. Workers were hired on stricter cash-only contracts, which ran for increasingly shorter periods. First, monthly terms became the norm; later, contracts were offered for as little as a week. Between 1750 and 1850 the farm labourer faced the loss of his land, the transformation of his contract and the sharp deterioration of his economic situation; by the time of the 1830 riots he had retained very little of his former status except the right to parish relief, under the Old Poor Law system.
Historically the monasteries had taken responsibility for the impotent poor, but after their dissolution in 1536–9, responsibility passed to the parishes. The Act of Settlement in 1662 had confined relief strictly to those who were natives of the parish. The poor law system charged a Parish Rate to landowners and tenants, which was used to provide relief payments to settled residents of the parish who were ill or out of work. These payments were minimal, and at times degrading conditions were required for their receipt. As more and more people became dependent on parish relief, ratepayers rebelled ever more loudly against the costs, and a lower and lower level of relief was offered. Three "one gallon" bread loaves a week were considered necessary for a man in Berkshire in 1795. However provision had fallen to just two similar-sized loaves being provided in 1817 Wiltshire. The way in which poor law funds were disbursed led to a further reduction in agricultural wages, since farmers would pay their workers as little as possible, knowing that the parish fund would top up wages to a basic subsistence level (see Speenhamland system).
To this mixture was added the burden of the church tithe. Originally this had been the church's right to a tenth of the parish harvest. However the earlier collection of goods in kind had been replaced by a cash levy that was payable to the local Church of England parson and went to pay his (often considerable) stipend. The cash levy was generally rigorously enforced, whether the resident was a Church member or not, and the sum demanded was often far higher than a poor person could afford. Calls for a large reduction in the tithe payment were prominent among the demands of the rioters.
The final straw was the introduction of horse-powered threshing machines, which could do the work of many men. They spread swiftly among the farming community, threatening the livelihoods of hundreds of thousands of farmworkers. Following the terrible harvests of 1828 and 1829, farm labourers faced the approaching winter of 1830 with dread.
Rioting.
Starting in the southeastern county of Kent, the Swing Rioters smashed the threshing machines and threatened farmers who had them. The riots spread rapidly through the southern counties of Surrey, Sussex, Middlesex and Hampshire, before spreading north into the Home Counties, the Midlands and East Anglia. Originally the disturbances were thought to be mainly a southern and East Anglian phenomenon, but subsequent research has revealed just how widespread Swing riots really were, with almost every county south of the Scottish border involved.
In all, sixty percent of the disturbances were concentrated in the south (Berkshire 165 incidents, Hampshire 208, Kent 154, Sussex 145, Wiltshire 208); whereas East Anglia had fewer incidents (Cambridge 17, Norfolk 88, Suffolk 40), while the Southwest, the Midlands and the North were only marginally affected.
The tactics varied from county to county but typically, threatening letters, often signed by Captain Swing, would be sent to magistrates, parsons, wealthy farmers or Poor Law guardians in the area. The letters would call for a rise in wages, a cut in the tithe payments and for the destruction of threshing machines, otherwise people would take matters into their own hands. If the warnings were not heeded local farm workers would gather, often in groups of 200–400, and would threaten the local oligarchs with dire consequences if their demands were not met. Threshing machines would be broken, workhouses and tithe barns would be attacked and then the rioters would disperse or move on to the next village. The buildings containing the engines that powered the threshing machines were also a target of the rioters and many gin gangs, also known as horse engine houses or wheelhouses, were destroyed, particularly in south−east England.
Other actions included incendiary attacks on farms, barns and hayricks in the dead of night, as it was easier then to avoid detection. Although a lot of the actions of the rioters, such as arson, were conducted in secret at night, meetings with farmers and overseers about the grievances were conducted in daylight.
Despite the prevalence of the slogan "Bread or Blood", only one person is recorded as having been killed during the riots, and that was one of the rioters by the action of a soldier or farmer. The rioters' only intent was to damage property.
Similar patterns of disturbances, and their rapid spread across the country, were often blamed on agitators or on "agents" sent from France, where the revolution of July 1830 had broken out a month before the Swing Riots began in Kent.
Despite all of the different tactics used by the agricultural workers during the unrest, their principal aims were simply to attain a minimum living wage and to end rural unemployment.
Aftermath.
Eventually the farmers agreed to raise wages, and the parsons and some landlords reduced the tithes and rents. But many farmers reneged on the agreements and the unrest increased. Many people advocated political reform as the only solution to the unrest. This included Earl Grey, who speaking in a debate in the House of Lords in November suggested the best way to reduce the violence was to introduce reform of the House of Commons. The Prime Minister, the Duke of Wellington, replied the existing constitution was so perfect that he could not imagine any possible alternative that would be an improvement. When that was reported, a mob attacked Wellington's home in London. The unrest had been confined to Kent, but during the following two weeks of November it escalated massively, crossing East and West Sussex into Hampshire, with Swing letters appearing in other nearby counties.
On 15 November 1830 Wellington's government was defeated in a vote in the House of Commons. Two days later, Earl Grey was asked to form a Whig government. Grey assigned a cabinet committee to produce a plan for parliamentary reform. Lord Melbourne became Home Secretary in the new government. He blamed local magistrates for being too lenient and the government appointed a Special Commission of three judges to try rioters in the counties of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Dorset, Wiltshire and Hampshire.
The landowning class in England felt severely threatened by the riots, and responded with harsh punitive measures. Nearly 2,000 protesters were brought to trial in 1830–1831; 252 were sentenced to death (though only 19 were actually hanged), 644 were imprisoned, and 481 were transported to penal colonies in Australia. Not all the rioters were necessarily farm workers, the list of those punished included rural artisans, shoemakers, carpenters, wheelwrights, blacksmiths and cobblers.
The authorities had received many requests to prosecute radical politician and writer William Cobbett for the speeches he had made in defence of the rural labourer; however it was for his articles in the "Political Register" that he was eventually charged with seditious libel. He wrote an article entitled "The Rural War" that was about the Swing Riots. He blamed those in society who lived off unearned income at the expense of hard-working agricultural labourers; his solution was parliamentary reform. At his trial in July 1831 at the Guildhall, he subpoenaed six members of the cabinet, including the prime minister. Cobbett defended himself by going on the attack. He tried to ask the government ministers awkward questions supporting his case, but they were disallowed by the Lord Chief Justice. However, he was able to discredit the prosecution's case, and at great embarrassment to the government he was acquitted.
The Swing riots were a major influence on the Whig Government. They added to the strong social, political and agricultural unrest throughout Britain in the 1830s, encouraging a wider demand for political reform, culminating in the introduction of the Reform Act 1832. However, the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834, ending "outdoor relief" in cash or kind, and setting up a chain of designedly unwholesome workhouses covering larger areas across the country, to which the poor had to go if they wanted help was soon thereafter enacted.


Thomas Edwin Ross

Thomas Edwin Ross (11 May 1873 – 19 January 1951) was a Progressive party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Oro, Ontario and became a farmer.
He was elected to Parliament at the Simcoe North riding in the 1921 general election. After completing his only federal term, the 14th Canadian Parliament, Ross left the House of Commons and did not seek another term in the 1925 federal election.


Lindersvold

Lindersvold is a former manor house and estate located just north of Præstø Fjord, Faxe Municipality, some fifty kilometres south of Copenhagen, Denmark. The estate was founded by Christoffer Lindenov and remained in the hands of the Lindenoc family for almost one hundred years. It was later owned by the Thott/Reedtz-Thott family between 1732 and 1923, from 1705 as part of the Barony of Gavnø. The current main building is from 1830. Lindersvold is now owned by Den selvejende institution Fælleseje and operated as a private primary school for children with special challenges under the name Heldagsskolen Lindersvold.
History.
1593–1672: Lindenov family.
Lindersvold was established by Christoffer Clausen Lindenov (died 1593) and his wife Sophie Hartvigsdatter Pless (died 1602) from land that had until then belonged to the villages of Akselhoved and Hyllingeskov. The estate is first mentioned in 1580. Christoffer Clausen Lindenov was already "lensmand" of Koldinghus and Hindsgavl and therefore spent little time on his estate at Faxe. It is unclear who owned the estate after Lindenov's death in 1593. Godske Lindenov, who was Admiral and Head of Bremerholm, acquired Lindersvold in 1606. He expanded the estate through the acquisition of more land, for instance the village of Axelhoved with eight farms and eight houses. Lindersvold was after his death passed first to his widow and then to his son. Christoffer Godskesen Lindenov succeeded his father as Head of Bremerholm with rank of Admiral in 1645. In 1657, he fell out of favour at the Court when he was strongly opposed to the war against Sweden. After being accused of embezzlement, in February 1757, he was fired and expelled from the court by Frederick III. In February 1658, during the Assault on Copenhagen, he was put in charge of the defence of Christianshavn. The buildings on the Lindersvold estate were destroyed by Swedish troops during the wars in 1657–58 and 1658–1660. Lindenov constructed a new two-storey, half-timbered main building in 1671.
1672–1732: Urne, von Schildern and Krabbe.
In 1672, Lindenov sold Lindersvold to his son-in-law, Axel Urne. Just one year later, Urne sold Lindersvold to his brother-in-law, Rabe von Schildern, who was married to Merete Sophie Urne. She managed Lindersvold with great skill after her husband's death in 1680 and for the next 44 years. She also increased the size of the estate through barters or the acquisition of more land.
Thott family.
After Merete Sophie Urne's death, in 1724, Lindersvold passed to her daughter Hedvig Sophie von Schildern Lindersvold. In 1728 she sold it to Kirstine Marie Krabbe, the widow of Ulrik Kruse. Their daughter married Otto Thott. It was later part of Stamhuset Yhott-Redtz and the Barony of Gavnø.
The estate was from 1871 to 1897 leased by Ingo Marius Friis. He was a pioneer of cattle breeding in Denmark and in 1884 founded the Association for the Improvement of Cattle Breeding in the Parish of Roholte.
1923-present: Later history.
In 1821, the Barony of Gavnø was dissolved as a result of the "lensafløsningslov" of 1919. In 1923, Lindersvold was acquired by John Petersen. He sold off most of the land for smallholdings. His widow sold the main building and tremaining land to the Christmas Stamp Committee. Lindersvold was then operated as the Christmas Stamp Foundation's fourth Christmas Stamp Home until 1959. It was from 1946 headed by Poul Billgren. A drawing of the main building featured on the foundation's official 1934 Christmas stamp. It was printed in 16.5 copies and raised DKK 261,609.
Today.
In 1994, Lindersvold was acquired by Den selvejende institution Fælleseje. It is now operated as a primary school for children with special challenges.
Cultural references.
"Fru Merthe til Lindersvold" is a so-called "hjemstavnsspil" about Merete Sophie von Schildern, née Urne.


Les Simpson

Hugh Leslie "Les" Simpson CBE (3 October 1894 – 7 June 1968) was an Australian farmer and soldier-settlement administrator.
Simpson was born at Birchip in Victoria to bookseller Albert Edward Simpson and Ellen, "née" Campbell. He attended local state schools and received his secondary education at Ballarat and Stawell before working on the family farm. During World War I he enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force (30 June 1915), serving on the Western Front in the 5th Battalion from March 1916. A lieutenant, he was badly wounded in August 1918. After the war he returned to farming and on 1 March 1924 married nurse Barbara Catherine Jane Catto at St Kilda.
In 1934 Simpson was elected chief president of the Victorian Wheatgrowers' Association and the following year won the equivalent position in the federal body, serving until 1936. He was a Wycheproof Shire councillor from 1932 to 1946 and was chief president of the United Country Party from 1938 to 1940 and in 1944. He unsuccessfully contested the federal seat of Wimmera in 1934 and the state seat of Walhalla in 1943. From 1935 to 1946 he sat on the Victorian Farmers' Debts Adjustment Board, serving as chairman from 1941 to 1946; he advised the federal prices commissioner during World War II and received appointments from state and federal Labor governments. In 1946 he was appointed inaugural chairman of the Soldier Settlement Commission (SSC).
Under Simpson's leadership, the SSC had considerable independence from government and successfully coordinated the organisation of returned servicemen's grants; 6000 soldiers were placed on farms. He retired in 1963 and was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire. In 1968 he died at Hampton in Melbourne; the township of Simpson, near Cobden, is named for him.


Grupo Kalise Menorquina

Kalise is a Spanish ice cream and dessert manufacturing company, established in 1960 and based on Las Palmas de Gran Canaria in the Canary Islands. The company was part of the "Grupo Kalise–La Menorquina S.A.", after merging with another ice cream company of Spain, La Menorquina. During that partnership, Kalise commercialised its products for general public sale, while La Menorquina focused on the restaurant trade.
In 2017, both companies separated again when the GKM was acquired by Grupo Farga for EU 40 million. Since then, Kalise has remained as a separate company.
History.
Following the World War II, businessman Fernando Pons Sintes founded "La Estrella" in 1950 on the island of Menorca, with the vision of taking ice cream and cake to the island's restaurants. Five years later in 1955, the company would be renamed from La Estrella, to "La Menorquina". By the mid-1950s, the company reached collaboration agreements with companies in Barcelona. In 1956, Sintes acquired the Mahon-based chocolate company La Tropical de Mahón, founded in 1883 and in which Sintes had worked as a baking apprentice.
In 1960, ice cream still remained a luxurious product, though the development of tourism and restaurants meant greater access to refrigerators, helping Sintes and La Menorquina gain presence on the islands. By the mid-1960s, increased competition attempting to capitalise on the tourism boost forced La Menorquina to evolve. The company purchased Helados Marisa, which would later merge with US multinational company Beatrice Foods, who bought a 95% stake of the company in 1965.
Beatrice Foods would later go on to also buy stakes in a company called Marisa (Modernas Aplicaciones de la Refrigeracion Industrial), who owned refrigeration factories in Barcelona and Mallorca. This meant that La Menorquina could begin to sell its products in Mallorca and at a greater scale. La Menorquina marketed three brands in Mallorca, these were La Menorquina, Matisa and Calatayud. In 1983, Marisa merged with La Menorquina, leaving the Barcelona, Menorca and Mallorca factories exclusively to La Menorquina, allowing for expansion of operations.
During the early 1960s in the city of Las Palmas in the Gran Canaria, businessman Delfín Suárez saw tourism opportunities, and made the family company Interglas manufacture and market their ice cream, trading as Kalise.
In 1990, Sintes retired, and now-Interglas owner Suárez purchased all shares of La Menorquina. Despite this, La Menorquina and Kalise remained separate companies. La Menorquina began its internationalisation by exporting its products to 27 countries. Later on 1999, Beatrice Foods left the company, which allowed Interglas to fully merge with La Menorquina, resulting in the Kalise Menorquina Group.
In 2005 the GKM acquired 95% of SIALSA, which produced and sold yogurt-brand "Sandra" locally. In 2017, the GKM was acquired by Grupo Farga for EU 40 million. As a result, Kalise kept its operational base on the Canary Islands producting its lines of ice creams and yogurts, while La Menorquina commercialised its lines along with the brand "Farggi".


Liveringa

Liveringa or Liveringa Station, often referred to as Upper Liveringa Station, is a pastoral lease in Western Australia that once operated as a sheep station but presently operates as a cattle station.
Description.
Situated about south east of the Looma Community and about south east of Derby in the Kimberley region, the property has a frontage on the Fitzroy River, which forms its southern boundary.
Comprising an area of , it has a carrying capacity of over 22,000 head of cattle. The livestock manager since 2010 has been Peter "Jed" O'Brien, but the property also grows fodder for livestock using three centre-pivot irrigators and is experimenting with tropical grain crops.
The station contains large areas of river flats that are quite fertile and grow a variety of herbage suitable for fodder, including Mitchell grass, Flinders grass, rice grass, ribbon grass and bundle bundle. The growth is so prolific that the areas have been cut and baled as a reserve for the dry season.
The homestead group consists of the main house, workers' kitchen and dining Room, meat house, shearers' quarters, workshop and the garden. The main house has stone walls with cement mortar and corrugated iron roofing. The surrounding verandah has steel supports and unlined timber purloins. It was built in the 1880s and 1890s and was classified by the National Trust in 2005.
History.
The Kimberley Pastoral Company was formed in 1881 and won the lottery to acquire the leasehold for the area of land. The syndicate consisted of William Marmion, M. C. Davies, brothers George and William Silas Pearse, and Robert Frederick Sholl, with brothers William and John McLarty as minor shareholders. The vessel "Amur" was chartered to take A. Cornish and the McLarty brothers along with sheep, horses, cattle and provisions from Fremantle to King Sound. Upon landing, the stock were driven to Yeeda Creek for fresh water before continuing inland to set up camp at Liveringa. The first homestead, shearing shed, woolshed and storeroom were constructed between 1886 and 1888. The homestead and outbuildings were constructed under the supervision of John McLarty the inaugural manager of the property. The buildings were situated on a knoll with a view over a billabong and the Fitzroy River. The original homestead was made of bush timbers and corrugated iron and was demolished in 1908 by the third manager of Liveringa, Percy Rose, who was building a new one. The new homestead was constructed of local sandstone.
In 1911 the station was carrying a flock of 98,000 sheep and yielded a clip of 1419 bales of wool.
The property and surrounding areas were severely flooded in 1914, and again in 1938 resulting in the death of a former jockey, William Skinner, who drowned in the flooded Nerrima River.
Kim Rose was appointed manager at Liveringa in 1930; Rose was a director of the Kimberley Pastoral company that owned the property. Later the same year a freak deluge of rain left of land underwater and drowned 30,000 sheep.
In 1949 the property occupied and the station recorded over of rain in a week, resulting in more stock losses. It had of fencing dividing the property into 60 paddocks. For the previous few years an average of 57,000 sheep had been shorn each year.
The area was struck by drought between 1951 and 1953 with the number of cattle being reduced by half. This was the first drought suffered by pastoralists in 70 years, with many hurriedly sinking bores and buying feed to keep their stock alive. Other nearby properties that were affected were Noonkanbah, Cherrabun, Quandan, Gogo, Glenroy, Fossil Downs, Luilugui, Christmas Creek and Bohemia Downs Station.
The Australian Land and Cattle Company was incorporated in 1969 in Western Australia by Jack Miller Fletcher and Corey Crutcher. At its height, the company owned seven prime Kimberley stations covering nearly and carrying 100,000 head of cattle. Among the properties acquired were Camballin and Liveringa stations. At Liveringa the company cleared of land to grow sorghum under flood irrigation; the crop was then used in company feedlots to fatten cattle. In 1972 the last of the sheep were sold off to stations in the Pilbara and the only stock remaining were cattle. The Australian Land and Cattle Company collapsed in the 1980s.
In 1973, a portion of the property to the west of the homestead was excised and reserved for the Looma Community.
In 2002 the property commenced the process of gradually changing the genetic base of the herd by introducing a crossbreeding program to produce red lines suitable for live export or sale into southern markets. Red brangus bulls were introduced over the brahman-based herd at another property, Nerrima, and the heifers produced taken to Liveringa.
Gina Rinehart acquired a 50% stake in both Liveringa and neighbouring Nerrima Station in 2014. Rinehart teamed up with agribusiness group Milne Agrigroup who already owned the properties. Liveringa was stocked with approximately 22,000 head of cattle. The half share was acquired for 40 million.


Mansfield Plantation

Mansfield Plantation is a well-preserved antebellum rice plantation, established in 1718 on the banks of the Black River in historic Georgetown County, South Carolina.
History.
Spanning nearly of pine forest, rice fields and cypress swamps, Mansfield Plantation was once one of the largest rice producing plantation in the country. Mansfield, along with adjacent rice plantations up and down the Black River, provided much of Europe with "Carolina Gold" rice during the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
Rice growing was made possible by:
After the American Civil War, rice production became too expensive and soon the plantations fell into bankruptcy and were sold off to new owners.
Present day.
Today, Mansfield Plantation is preserved as an authentic rice plantation, complete with the original plantation home, a school house, live oak avenue ("oak allée"), chapel, guest house, and grounds. It also has the only remaining winnowing barn in Georgetown County, where rice grains were processed for shipment.
Restoration.
Undergoing restoration is a slave village of 7 slave cabins and a chapel.
In 2009, the entire plantation underwent a privately funded, massive restoration project to keep its distinct history alive for generations to come. It is said to be the only American plantation saved from development and reclaimed by a direct descendant of the original owners.
Media.
Mansfield Plantation has been featured in numerous films, documentaries and television shows. It served as the backdrop for scenes from Mel Gibson's 2000 film, "The Patriot". In 2006, the Fox network filmed two segments of their primetime television series "Treasure Hunters" at Mansfield and the Fine Living Network filmed a documentary at Mansfield Plantation for their television series "Windshield America".


Paso Robles Wine Services

Paso Robles Wine Services is a multi-winery processing and warehouse facility located in Paso Robles, California.
History.
Founded in the fall of 2002, the Paso Robles Wine Service was started to answer a need for a facility such as the Central Coast Wine Services for winery operations in the Paso Robles area. In many ways, the Paso Robles operation duplicates the Central Coast operation, though initially it will serve AP customers, small wineries, and warehousing requirements of any size customer.
Started in a leased building, the PRWS rapidly expanded into two rented buildings and outgrew those. Starting with crush in 2006, the PRWS moved to its own facility specifically designed for winery operations. This building was constructed on a parcel of land near the Paso Robles Airport, and has expanded to approximately .
Since its inception, the PRWS has greatly expanded its business to include well over 30 Alternating Proprietors with a waiting list, as well as some custom processed wines for vineyards. The strength and quality of the winemaking continues to grow under the leadership of head winemaker Paul Ayers and manager David Sartain.
Facility.
Stainless Steel Storage: 47,750 gallons (218 kilolitres)
Case Good Storage: 200,000 cases
Barrel storage: 5,000+ barrels
Press capacity: 100 tons per day
Certified scale: truck scale and 5,000 lbs. "bin" scale (New Facility)
AP Facilities: Approximately 40 individual wineries


Avshar Wine Factory

Avshar Wine Factory ( ("Avshari Ginu Gortsaran")), is one of the leading producers of alcoholic drinks in Armenia, located in the village of Avshar of Ararat Province. It was founded in 1968 to process the grapes of the fertile villages of Ararat plain, one of Armenia's leading agricultural areas. Armenian traditions and folklore suggest that wine production in the region dates back to Noah planting grapes upon his descent from Mount Ararat in the Book of Genesis.
History.
The construction of the factory was launched in 1965 and completed in 1968, through the efforts of "Temur Grigoryan". It was operated as a state enterprise wine production unit of the Armenian SSR. At the beginning, the winery was able to process about 500-600 tons of grapes to produce sweet wine. However, the capacity of the Avshar winery was expanded rapidly through Grigoryan's efforts, to reach up to 1,000 tons by the end of 1970.
The processing capacity of the factory was expanded gradually to become 2,000 tones in 1975, and 3,000 tones in 1985. The founder-director of the factory Temur Grigoryan died in 1994 at the age of 58. After the privatization of the factory in 1995, the winery was turned into a limited liability company. T. Grigoryan's son "Arayik Grigoryan" became the chairman of the company, while Arayik's brothrt "Aramayis Grigoryan" became the executive director.
In 1998, the operations of the factory were expanded to include the production of cognac and vodka, in addition to it original wine production.
Since 1999, the company has exported its products to Russia, Canada, Georgia, Germany, Lithuania, Israel, France, Ukraine, and the United States.
As of 2013, the company has around 350 employees, of which 200 are working in the winery and 150 in the vineyards.
Products and brands.
Currently, the factory produces wine, cognac and vodka, all based on French technology.
The factory has a variety of Armenian Cognac brands, including: "Avshar" (5 years old), "Erivan" (5 and 25 years old), "Gladzor" (18 years old), "Ardvin" (5 years old), "Marmara" (5 years old), "Tigris" (5 years old), "Vagharshapat" (15 years old), "Berdasar" (10 years old), "Erivanskaya Guberniya" (20 years old), "Haghpat" (3 years old), "Drevne Armyanskiy" (25 years old), "Tsar Armenak" (5 years old), "Alaverdi" (7 years old) and "Tigran" (5 years old).
Vodka brands of the Avshar winery include:
"Pechatnaya" classic transparent white vodka, "Avshar Abrikosovaya" apricot transparent white vodka, "Avshar Kizilovaya" cornelian cherry transparent white vodka, "Avshar Tutovaya" mulberry transparent white vodka and "Imperskaya" classic transparent white vodka.


Elsie Burrell

Elsie Burrell (10 February 1885 – 1 February 1955) was an English artist, watercolourist and portrait painter.
Born in Thetford (Norfolk), she was the daughter of Robert George Burrell, a manufacturer of steam engines, and Ellen Alborough Cockayne.
She showed a talent for watercolour: at the age of eleven, she won a prize in a local exhibition. She specialized in portraits, and by 1913, she had moved to London for a career as a society portraitist. Among those whose portraits she painted were actresses Gladys Cooper, Marie Löhr, Muriel Beaumont and Irene Vanbrugh, and society individuals, such as Miriam Rothschild as a young girl and Lady Marjorie Duff. In May 1913, an exhibition of her portraits was held in New Bond Street, London, and in March-April 1914, another was held at the Dudley Galleries, Piccadilly. Her exhibitions were reported by several newspapers and society magazines such as Tatler and The Sketch, which published black and white reproductions. Colour reproductions were sold during her exhibitions and as postcards. Reviewers noted that her style had "grace and simplicity"; despite the "over-prettiness" of her works, it evolved to "a happy knack of catching likenesses" and a "gift of depicting life-like expression".
In 1915 she painted and exhibited portraits of soldiers. During a sitting, she met Major Boyd Alexander Cuninghame (born in Australia in 1871); who had fought in the Boer War and, during WWI, against the Germans in Rhodesia, in December 1914 and in 1915. He was wounded and sent back to Britain to recuperate. They married on 12 July 1916; the Tatler had published her photo with the caption "Miss Elsie Burrell. The well-known artist who is shortly to be married to Major Boyd Cuninghame (late Scots Greys), who has been serving with the Northern Rhodesia Rifles". As Major Cuninghame had two farms in Makeni (Lusaka, Rhodesia), Elsie followed him to Africa, abandoning her artistic career and watercolour practice. Less than one year later, in March 1917, Major Cunninghame died of typhoid fever in Elisabethville (Congo). Elsie continued to manage both farms successfully, and samples of wheat she had grown won a prize in London.
In 1920, Randolf Baker, a British politician, met Elsie in Makeni. They married on 29 June 1920 in Livingstone (Rhodesia). The couple ran the farms and divided their time between Rhodesia and Ranston House, near Blandford Forum in Dorset. Their daughter Selina Baker was born in 1925. Elsie died at Ranston House on 1 February 1955.


Heidschnucke

The Heidschnucke is a group of three types of moorland sheep from northern Germany. Like a number of other types from Scandinavia and Great Britain, they are Northern European short-tailed sheep. The three breeds of Heidschnucke (in order of population size) are:
The main breeding areas are the north German heathland and moors of the Lüneburg Heath. That said, this sheep, which is easy to look after, may nowadays be found in all parts of Europe, mainly because of its meat which has a gamey flavour. Some breeds are classed as domestic species threatened with extinction so their preservation is subsidised within the European Union.
The hair of the German Grey Heath is greyish and very long. Its legs, tail and head are black, the lambs are born black and take on adult markings in their second year. There are also white variants. Both sexes have horns.
The meat of the (a German Grey Heath) is protected within Europe under this name and may carry the seal to show that it is a Protected Designation of Origin (). On the other hand, its long, straggly wool is only suitable for coarsely woven fabrics such as carpets. The (a white polled moorland sheep) is also a protected local breed.
In former times there were north German flocks of moorland sheep that were both grey and white, horned and polled. By selective breeding during the 20th century the breeds seen today were created and their weight virtually doubled.
"Moorland Sheep Day" () takes place every year on the second Thursday in July at Müden. Here the young rams that have proved themselves are presented to breeders and onlookers. The best animals are awarded prizes. Heidschnucke rams can be bought at the closing auction.


Merty Merty

Merty Merty (also known as Merty Merty Station) is both a pastoral lease that once operated as a cattle station in north east South Australia. In April 2013, the land occupying the appropriate extent of the pastoral lease was gazetted by the Government of South Australia as a locality under the name Merty Merty.
It is situated about north west of Tibooburra and north of Leigh Creek in the outback of South Australia.
The homestead is found along Strzelecki Creek and the Strzelecki Track passes through the property.
History.
The station was formed in 1919 after being sub-divided out of Innamincka Station, Tinga Tingana and Strzelecki.
Sidney Kidman acquired the property in 1924 but only grazed cattle there intermittently. Kidman had little faith in the waterholes along the Strzelecki for moving cattle south and during drought would take them via Innamincka and down the Birdsville Track.
The historic Well and Whim, Coochilara Waterhole and the Old Mulga Bore are listed on the South Australian Heritage Register.


James Dilworth

James Dilworth (15 August 1815 – 23 December 1894) was a New Zealand farmer, investor, speculator and philanthropist. He was born in Donaghmore, County Tyrone, Ireland, on 15 August 1815 and attended the nearby Royal School, Dungannon, where a blue plaque was unveiled in his memory on 7 October 2014, by the Ulster History Circle.
Political career.
Dilworth was elected to the first Auckland Provincial Council for the Southern Division electorate in August 1853. He remained a member of the provincial council until September 1861.
Charitable work.
The Dilworth Trust Board was the benefactor of the estate of Dilworth, who received his legal advice from the solicitor Samuel Jackson. The trust funds Dilworth School a full boarding school for boys in Auckland, New Zealand. A school where all boys are on full scholarships covering all education and boarding costs.


Oscar Garden

Oscar Garden (21 August 1903–2 June 1997) was a New Zealand aviator and horticulturist. He was born in Tongue, Sutherlandshire, Scotland on 21 August 1903. On 16 October 1930, he embarked on a flight from an aerodrome in London, England, to Wyndham Aerodrome in Western Australia. Before the 18-day flight in a second-hand De Havilland Gypsy Moth, he had only 40 hours' solo flying experience. He flew in concert with Mrs Victor Bruce from Jask, Iran, to Rangoon, Burma, part of her record-setting air-sea circumnavigation.
In February 1931, Garden became the first to land a plane on Stewart Island, recalled here New Zealand Geographic
In February 2021, 90 years after the historic landing on Stewart Island, there was a re-enactment, but this time in a Tiger Moth reported in "Stuff"
Garden went on to become chief pilot, mainly on Short Empire flying boats, and later operations manager for Tasman Empire Airways Ltd, the forerunner to Air New Zealand.
A major feature article "Sundowner of the Skies - Mary Garden takes flight with her father" on his 1930 flight from England to Australia was published in the "Australian Financial Review" in 2005.
In 2019, "Sundowner of the Skies: The Story of Oscar Garden, The Forgotten Aviator" was published by New Holland. This book was written by his daughter Mary Garden, who had been researching her father's life since 2005. It was shortlisted for the NSW Premier's History Award 2020 for a book of international significance. There have been many reviews and articles, not only in Australia but also New Zealand, Scotland and other countries, such as this one in Australia's national newspaper by Ross Fitzgerald; Garry Shilson-Josling's "Australian Aviation" magazine; Leigh Robshaw's "Salt" and Rosalie Crawford's "The Weekend Sun" . Mary wrote about the success of her book and her journey of discovery for "The Guardian"
Mr Graeme Hoete, an acclaimed Māori artist, has created a mural of Oscar Garden, now on display at Tauranga Airport, New Zealand. Graeme learned about Oscar’s story through Ingrid (Alys) Wicksteed (the daughter of Mary Revfeim, a close friend of Oscar 's wife Helen). Ingrid had urged Graeme to do a portrait of Oscar and gave him a copy of "Sundowner of the Skies". He 'was pretty much blown away' with Oscar's story. The mural was unveiled on 11 August 2019 with Oscar's daughter Mary and other family members present.
In October 2020, Oscar's youngest daughter Annamaria Aurelia Garden (her birth name was Anna Margaret but she later changed it) self-published her own book "Oscar Garden: A Tale of One Man’s Love of Flying". She apparently drew on her older sister's book as well as her numerous articles, and the collection Mary Garden had gifted to Auckland's Museum of Technology and Transport (MOTAT) in January 2019. The book is poorly written, badly researched and hagiographical, with numerous errors and a failure to attribute sources. Mary argues that her father’s contribution to aviation has been seriously undermined by her sister's book and cannot understand why it was written. She has obtained expert legal advice and is considering her options going forth in regards to rights, in particular copyright infringement.


Anders Dahlgren

 Anders Dahlgren (December 23, 1925 – March 24, 1986) was a Swedish politician. He was a member of the Centre Party. He was a member of the Riksdag (lower chamber) 1961–1970, and of the unicameral Riksdag 1970 to his death in 1986. From 1982 to 1985 he was the Second Deputy Speaker of the Riksdag, and from 1985 to 1986 the Third Deputy Speaker.
He was Minister for Agriculture in the Government of Sweden from October 8, 1976, to October 18, 1978, and from October 12, 1979, to October 8, 1982. From May 5, 1981, to May 22, 1981, he was also acting Minister for Defence.


Cyril Morley Shelford

Cyril Morley Shelford (April 8, 1921 – November 8, 2001) was a rancher, author and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Omineca from 1952 to 1972 and Skeena from 1975 to 1979 in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia as a Social Credit member.
He was born in Southbank, British Columbia, the son of Jack Shelford. Shelford served as an anti-aircraft gunner during World War II. After the war, he married Barbara Cassidy. Shelford was a member of the provincial cabinet, serving as Minister of Agriculture. He was defeated when he ran for reelection to the assembly in 1972 and 1979. He died in 2001.
Shelford published a number of books:


Hunziker Winery Site

The Hunziker Winery Site is the site of a former winery in Cedar Glen State Natural Area near Warsaw, Illinois. The winery was established in the 1860s by vintner and Swiss immigrant Gottlieb Hunziker and his business partner William Hoffman. At the time, Hancock County was becoming a major winemaking region, and the Warsaw area was second only to Nauvoo as a wine center within the county. Hunziker's wine was well-regarded among his contemporaries, as he won multiple awards at the 1870 Iowa State Fair, held across the Mississippi River in Keokuk. Hunziker continued to produce wine until his death in 1893. The remains of the winery include the walls of its wine house, in which grapes were processed and fermented, and an underground wine cellar.
The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 18, 2019.


Stephen Beckwith

Stephen Beckwith (born 1623) was a founding settler of Norwalk, Connecticut. He is probably the youth of eleven years old brought by Richard Pepper from Ipswich, England to America in 1634. He was at Hartford in 1649, and moved to Norwalk prior to 1655. He sold his farm to Richard Homes in March 1663. He was still living in Norwalk as late as 1687.
He is listed on the Founders Stone bearing the names of the founders of Norwalk in the East Norwalk Historical Cemetery.