Hickory Hill (Ashland, Virginia)

Hickory Hill is an estate in Hanover County, Virginia. The 3,300 acre former plantation is located approximately north of the independent city of Richmond and east of the incorporated town of Ashland. The property was listed in the National Register of Historic Places and the Virginia Landmarks Register in 1974.
History.
The Hickory Hill property was long an appendage to Shirley Plantation in Charles City County, much of it having come into possession of Robert Carter by a deed dated March 2, 1734. Carter gave the estate as a wedding gift to his daughter Anne Butler Carter (1797-1868) and her husband, William Fanning {W. F.) Wickham (1793-1880), a lawyer and planter. The dowry included all the slaves on the plantation. From September 1828 until January 29, 1864 Wickham kept a close record of the names, dates of death, and, often, kinships, of the slave population on the estate. The Wickham family continued to reside on the estate until selling the property in the early 2000s.
At its height, the estate consisted of of land, and by 1860 was one of the largest plantations in Virginia, and had over 200 slaves working on it, only one of two such estates in Hanover County with that number of slaves, and one of nine in the entire state.
Hickory Hill produced wheat (its major crop), corn, oats, and a small amount of tobacco. Fruits and vegetables were also grown, but probably for consumption on the plantation. Unlike other Hanover County plantations, which sold locally, Hickory Hill sold its produce in Richmond where it brought a higher price. It had its own stop, Wickham Station, just below the manor house on the former Virginia Central Railroad.
Included on the grounds of the estate is the Hickory Hill Slave and African American Cemetery on Providence Church Road. The cemetery is enclosed by a white vinyl post-and-board fence which was constructed some time after 2010. Some burials may have taken place outside of the fenced-in area. Not all burial sites have gravestones, some are mere depression in the ground. A survey found about 149 interment sites, with the strong possibility of there being more. The cemetery was in use from c.1820 to c.1938.


Lincoln Heritage Trail

The Lincoln Heritage Trail is a designation for a series of highways in the U.S. states of Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky that links communities with pre-presidential period historical ties to U.S. president Abraham Lincoln.
History.
Fifty years after Lincoln's death (1915), the Illinois General Assembly authorized the Illinois State Historical Library to mark the exact route traveled by Lincoln from Kentucky through Indiana to Illinois. Almost another 50 years passed before the trail was opened in 1963. Author Andrew Ferguson cites Robert Newman, Illinois' director of tourism in the 1960s, as saying "the whole thing was cooked up by the marketing guys at the American Petroleum Institute. ... They wanted to get people traveling. Get 'em into their cars, get 'em buying gasoline." The Trail originally had 3,000 markers showing Lincoln's route to Illinois.
Route description.
As of today, much of the trail is in disrepair and signs are missing or nearly obscured. Yet, some still exist. One sign still stands on US 68 in Perryville, Kentucky. It can be seen when approaching Perryville on US 68 traveling west, as it is at the intersection of US 68, US 150, and KY 52. Another Lincoln Heritage Trail sign is located on US 60 in Frankfort, and can be seen when traveling east just past the interchange with US 421 and KY 676. Another sign is on US 60 Alt. near the Grinstead Drive/I-64 interchange in Louisville. These signs are well over 20 years old. They have not been replaced as Kentucky has moved from the old painted signs to Type III reflective signs. Some counties along the trail have made efforts to restore signs and markers, but overall, the trail is somewhat difficult to follow under modern conditions.
In Illinois, the trail includes IL 155, part of IL 1, IL 33, and IL 97 (New Salem area) and IL 125 (Old Beardstown Post Road).
In Indiana, it includes SR 62 and SR 441.


Belle Austin Jacobs Memorial

Memorial for Belle Austin Jacobs is a public artwork by American artist Sylvia Shaw Judson (sculptor) and Alexander C. Eschweiler (architect), formerly located in Kosciuszko Park, Lincoln Village, City of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. The statue depicted a young woman kneeling to feed a squirrel. It celebrated the life and philanthropy of Belle Austin Jacobs, who was best known for her work, with her husband Herbert Henry Jacobs, as the founders of organized social work in Wisconsin, including the establishment of the University Settlement House.
Description.
About four feet tall and weighing 500–1000 lbs the bronze statue by Sylvia Shaw Judson sat atop a black granite base with limestone benches designed by Alexander C. Eschweiler
Historical information.
The statue portion of the sculpture was stolen in 1975. The estimated value of the statue at the time was $10,000. Its scrap metal value was $175–$400.
Acquisition.
Financed in memory of Belle Austin Jacobs by the Belle Jacobs Memorial Association at a cost of $5,600


In Loving Memory (TV series)

In Loving Memory is a British period sitcom set in an undertakers business that starred Thora Hird and Christopher Beeny. A pilot with Marjorie Rhodes in the Thora Hird role was transmitted in 1969 by Thames Television, who rejected the idea before it was finally accepted by Yorkshire Television nearly 10 years later, where it ran for a further five series between 21 May 1979 and 27 March 1986.
Plot.
The year is 1929 and in the opening episode Jeremiah Unsworth (Freddie Jones), the proprietor of the undertakers, dies. This leaves his widow Ivy (Thora Hird) and gormless nephew Billy (Christopher Beeny) to take over the business. As might be expected, the accident-prone Ivy and Billy have numerous mishaps, and hardly a funeral goes by without something untoward occurring. A running subplot is Billy's pursuit of romance, often at the encouragement of Ernie Hadfield; this later ends with Billy's marriage to old schoolfriend Mary Braithwaite - who had originally been set to marry Ernie.
Production.
The setting for the show is the fictional Yorkshire town of Oldshaw during the 1920s and 1930s. The writer, Dick Sharples, chose this period as this was the time when undertakers were switching from horse-drawn to mechanical hearses. Location shooting took place in both Bramham and Luddenden, West Yorkshire.
The pilot for the show aired on 4 November 1969 as part of a series of six one-off situation-comedies. The producers (Thames Television) elected not to take the series any further. It was almost ten years later when another ITV company Yorkshire Television commissioned a series. The theme music, entitled 'Comedy Close Up No.2' by Herbert Chappell, was supplied by De Wolfe Music film and television music library.
Transmission dates.
Pilot (B&W)

(1 x 25 min) 4 November 1969; Tuesday at 8.30pm

Series One

(7 x 25 min) 21 May - 2 July 1979; Mondays at 8pm

Series Two

(7 x 25 min) 27 October - 8 December 1980; Mondays at 8pm

Series Three

(7 x 25 min) 12 October - 23 November 1982; Tuesdays at 8.30pm

Special

(1 x 25 Min) 24 December 1982; Friday at 8pm

Series Four

(7 x 25 min) 28 November 1983 – 6 February 1984; Mondays at 8pm

Series Five

(7 x 25 min) 13 February - 27 March 1986; Thursdays at 9pm
DVD release.
All five series (including the 1982 Christmas special) of In Loving Memory have now been released on DVD by Network. A 5-disc set of the complete series has also been released.
Notes.
The series was re-broadcast on ITV3 from 21 July 2015 onwards.


George Eulas Foster

Sir George Eulas Foster, GCMG, (Canadian) PC, (Imperial) PC (September 3, 1847 – December 30, 1931) was a Canadian politician and academic.
Foster was a Member of Parliament (MP) and a Senator in the Canadian Parliament for a total of 45 years, 5 months and 24 days. He enjoys the unique distinction of having served in the cabinets of seven Canadian Prime Ministers: Macdonald, Abbott, Thompson, Bowell, Tupper, Borden and Meighen.
He coined the phrase "splendid isolation" to praise British foreign policy in the late 19th century.
Two factors thwarted whatever ambitions he may have had to become Prime Minister himself: his legally questionable marriage in Chicago to his newly divorced former landlady, and his later involvement in a trust company scandal.
Background.
Born in Carleton County, New Brunswick, Foster received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of New Brunswick in 1868.
He taught in various high schools and seminaries until 1870 when he was appointed Professor of Classics and Ancient Literature in the University of New Brunswick. He shortly afterwards studied in Edinburgh, Scotland, and Heidelberg, Germany, resuming his professorship in 1873. He resigned in 1879 and became a noted temperance lecturer.
Politics.
Foster entered politics with his election to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1882 federal election as a Conservative MP representing New Brunswick. He joined the Cabinet of Sir John A. Macdonald as Minister of Marine and Fisheries in 1885, and was promoted to Minister of Finance in 1888. Foster retained this position after Macdonald's death and through the successive governments of Prime Ministers Abbott, Thompson, Bowell and Tupper. He led a group of seven cabinet ministers who resigned temporarily in January 1896 to force the retirement of Bowell, who denounced them as a 'nest of traitors'. Foster's debates with Sir Richard Cartwright, the former Liberal Minister of Finance under Prime Minister Mackenzie, are the stuff of Canadian Parliamentary legend.
With the defeat of the Tories in the 1896 election, Foster retained his seat and joined the Opposition. He was a prominent supporter of Canada's involvement in the Anglo-Boer War from 1899 to 1901. He lost his seat in the 1900 election but returned to parliament in 1904, this time representing the riding of Toronto North in Ontario. He remained an Opposition MP until his party returned to government in the 1911 federal election under Sir Robert Borden and he continued in the government under Arthur Meighen.
During his final years in cabinet, Foster served as Minister of Trade and Commerce, and received a knighthood (KCMG) in 1914 for his work in the Royal Commission on Imperial Trade; he was named to the Imperial Privy Council in 1916 and elevated to GCMG in 1918. He served as a Canadian delegate to the 1919 Versailles Peace Conference. He was acting Prime Minister in 1920, when Borden was absent due to ill health. From 1920 to 1921, he was chairman of the Canadian delegation to the first assembly of the League of Nations. In 1921, he was appointed to the Canadian Senate in which he served until his death.
"Splendid isolation".
Foster is known for coining the term "splendid isolation" in January 1896 when praising Britain's foreign policy of isolation from European affairs.
The term was popularized by Lord Goschen, First Lord of the Admiralty, during a speech at Lewes on 26 February 1896: "We have stood here alone in what is called isolation – our splendid isolation, as one of our colonial friends was good enough to call it." The phrase had appeared in a headline in "The Times", on 22 January 1896, paraphrasing a comment by Foster to the Parliament of Canada on 16 January 1896: "In these somewhat troublesome days when the great Mother Empire stands splendidly isolated in Europe."
The ultimate origin of "splendid isolation" is suggested in Robert Hamilton's "Canadian Quotations and Phrases", which places the Foster quotation beneath a passage from the following paragraph from Cooney's "Compendious History of Northern New Brunswick and Gaspé" (reprinted in 1896) describing England's situation in 1809–1810 during the Napoleonic Wars:In the midst of this terrific commotion, England stood erect: wrapt up in her own impregnability, the storm could not affect her: and therefore, while others trembled in its blast, she smiled at its fury. Never did the 'Empress Island' appear so magnificently grand; – she stood by herself, and there was a peculiar splendour in the loneliness of her glory.
This, in turn, echoes the stoicism of Marcus Aurelius: "Be like the promontory against which the waves continually break, but it stands firm and tames the fury of the water around it."
Death and family.
His first wife was the ex-spouse of Daniel Black Chisholm, a former Liberal-Conservative Ontario MP, and his second wife was a daughter of Sir William Allan, a former British MP for Gateshead.
He died without issue. Foster and his first wife are buried in Ottawa's Beechwood Cemetery, near the grave of Sir Cecil Spring Rice.
Following his death, Foster's widow granted Canadian historian William Stewart Wallace permission to produce an authorized biography of her late husband. Wallace was provided manuscripts, papers, and diary entries handwritten by Foster, including an unfinished autobiography. Wallace's biography of Foster, titled "The Memoirs of the Rt. Hon. Sir George Foster," was published in 1933.
Archives.
There is a George Foster fonds at Library and Archives Canada.


Centennial Building (Fredericton)

The Centennial Building is an office building in downtown Fredericton, New Brunswick. Opened in March 1967, it was the province of New Brunswick's official Centennial project. At six storeys and 250,000 square feet, it was designed to accommodate over 1000 provincial civil servants, who had been dispersed over more than 20 separate buildings in Fredericton, the province's capital city.
In 2019 a project that would have replaced one wing of the building with a new courthouse and renovated the remaining structure was cancelled after a change in provincial government. The building was then sold to a company that planned to convert it for combined hotel and residential use.
The building incorporated commissioned murals by six New Brunswick artists: Jack Humphrey, Bruno Bobak, Claude Roussel, Fred Ross, Tom Forrestall and John Hooper. One mural was lost in the 1990s during a renovation, while two were removed and stored later. The remaining three works, including Hooper's 45 foot long mural in the main lobby, remained in the building when it was sold.
Planning, construction and design.
In May 1962 the province of New Brunswick hired the Moncton architectural firm Bélanger & Roy to design an office building to house the province's civil service. In April 1964 the proposed building became the province's official Centennial project, which gave the province access to federal government funding of $2,500,000. The total cost of the building was approximately $7,000,000. A number of historic houses were demolished to make way for construction of the building, which occupies half a city block in downtown Fredericton. Premier Louis Robichaud laid the cornerstone in March 1965 and the building had its official opening in March 1967, with the Canadian Secretary of State Judy LaMarsh in attendance. It was the first jointly funded Centennial project to be completed. It accommodated over 1000 civil servants who had been dispersed over more than 25 buildings.
The building, which is built in a T-shape, has 250,000 square feet of floor space over six storeys. It is in the International Style with a structural steel framework and a stainless steel and reflective glass curtain wall. The exterior cladding incorporates black granite from New Brunswick and olive sandstone from Nova Scotia. The building contained, in addition to office space with movable partitions, meeting rooms, a mainframe computer centre, a cafeteria, and a post office.
The main lobby has polished travertine columns and walls, terrazzo flooring, and a high ceiling of translucent backlit panels. Historic texts in brass lettering on the lobby walls include poems by New Brunswick poets Bliss Carman and Sir Charles G. D. Roberts, extracts from the diaries of Samuel de Champlain, and a transcription of the Lord's Prayer in the Miꞌkmaq language.
The provincial government commissioned murals for the building from six New Brunswick artists. John Hooper's design depicting scenes from New Brunswick's history was chosen first for the lobby. The sculpture is 45 feet long and made of resin and fiberglass. Only one mural had been intended but the commissioning committee went on to invite five more artists to create works, one for each of the upper floors. Each piece represented an aspect of New Brunswick culture or industry. The second floor had a welded metal sculpture by Claude Roussel representing forestry. On the third floor three miners were depicted by Bruno Bobak in relief on plywood. On the fourth floor was Jack Humphrey's glass mosaic tile mural of coastal fishermen. Farming was represented on the fifth floor by a sheet metal construction by Tom Forrestall, and a painting by Fred Ross on the sixth floor reflected the province's literary heritage.
Centennial year to the end of the 20th century.
The official 100th anniversary Dominion Day ceremony on July 1, 1967 took place on the steps of the Centennial Building and the annual conference of provincial premiers was held in the building in August 1967.
By March 1969, a bomb scare caused "about 2,000 employees", as well as the premier and his cabinet, to be evacuated from the Centennial Building.
In the early years public guided tours of the Centennial Building were offered, with particular attention paid to the six murals. In the early 1990s the Fred Ross mural on the sixth floor was removed during a renovation and was apparently lost.
The building remained open and accessible to the public until after the September 11 attacks in 2001. Following that event a security desk was installed in the lobby and members of the public were not able to enter the rest of the building.
The Centennial building in the 21st century.
Other than the addition of security measures after September 2001, the Centennial Building had not undergone any significant internal renovations. Its imposing lobby was used in the 2006 miniseries "Canada Russia '72" as a filming location for the Moscow airport.
In the early 2000s the government considered nominating the building as a provincial heritage site but did not proceed with this idea. In 2007 the provincial government "made a commitment to maintaining the building and renovating it where required". An architect was hired to examine the building and report to the provincial Department of Supply and Services, describing its condition and making recommendations for its future. In 2013 the government began moving employees from the Centennial Building into a new office building nearby.
In January 2017 the province's Liberal government announced plans for a $76,000,000 project to renovate two of the building's three wings and demolish the third in order to build a new courthouse which would have been attached to the original structure.The intention was to return some government departments from rented offices back to the Centennial Building, saving an estimated $2,500,000 annually. Work on the project started in 2018, beginning with the demolition of the building's third wing. In December 2018 the newly elected Progressive Conservative government cancelled the project. $13,000,000 had already been spent on the work and the government was liable for $11,000,000 in short-term cancellation costs. The Minister of Transportation and Infrastructure said that the cancellation of this and several other projects was necessary in order to reduce the provincial debt and protect the province's credit rating from being downgraded by bond rating agencies. In May 2019 the government issued a request for proposal for private sector purchase of the Centennial Building, specifying "no inclusion of public money or risk to provincial taxpayers".
In late 2019 the Centennial Building was sold for $4,000,000 to Centennial Heritage Properties, which proposed to refurbish it as a hotel and residential property, adding a penthouse level,
balconies, and new windows in the sandstone sides. In December 2020 Fredericton's city council approved zoning changes to allow this use.
The murals.
The murals by Hooper, Bobak, and Humphrey were still in place when the building was sold. Plywood boxes had been built around them to protect them during the renovation. The murals by Roussel and Forrestall had been removed and stored by the New Brunswick Art Bank. The Art Bank, which falls under the Department of Tourism, owns the Centennial Building murals. The Department intends to return the murals to the building, stating that they "will be protected and conserved and will remain a lasting and important element", while accessible only to residents or hotel guests.


The Comedy of Terrors

The Comedy of Terrors is an American International Pictures horror comedy film directed by Jacques Tourneur and starring Vincent Price, Peter Lorre, Basil Rathbone, Boris Karloff, and (in a cameo) Joe E. Brown in his final film appearance. It is a blend of comedy and horror which features several cast members from "Tales of Terror", made by AIP the year before.
Plot.
In the New England town of New Gilead during the late 19th century, an unscrupulous drunkard named Waldo Trumbull (Vincent Price) runs the funeral parlor he acquired from his former business partner Amos Hinchley (Boris Karloff) after marrying his daughter Amaryllis (Joyce Jameson). Trumbull enlists the assistance of a fugitive picklock named Felix Gillie (Peter Lorre) in conducting his business cheaply by reusing the firm's only coffin to unceremoniously dump the deceased while arranging the occasional murder of wealthy clients. Trumbull, being emotionally abusive to Amaryllis while attempting to poison the now-senile Hinchley under the guise of giving him medicine, ultimately wastes his money on alcohol as clientele is dwindling.
Trumbull decides to profit from gentleman shipping merchant Mr. Phipps after being threatened with eviction by his landlord John F. Black (Rathbone) if he does not produce the long-overdue rent. Trumbull forces Gillie to get him into the Phipps estate, smothering the old man in his sleep and then making a fortuitous return the following morning to get the job of burying him. But Trumbull is livid to learn on the day of the funeral that Phipps's attractive young wife has left town with her husband's fortune without even paying for the funerary expenses. Trumbull decides to murder Black after receiving a final warning for rent, having Gillie enter through the upstairs window of Black's estate. Gillie ends up in Black's bedroom as the man is reading from Shakespeare's "Macbeth" and is forced to run out when spotted, causing Black to suffer a heart attack with the physician pronouncing him dead.
But Trumbull and Gillie, after taking him to the funeral parlor, are unaware that Black suffers from catalepsy. He is awakened in the cellar due to his cat allergy and recognizes Gillie. After attempting to keep Black from running off, during which he collapses from another heart attack, Trumbull and Gillie place him in the coffin with the former knocking out Black when he comes to and struggles to get out of it. Following a successive funeral, the supposedly deceased Black is placed in his family crypt with Trumbull celebrating his ill gotten fortune. At that time, having feelings for Amaryllis and tired of being bossed around, Gillie convinces her that they should leave Trumbull so she can live her dream of becoming an opera singer. But Black regains consciousness at that time and returns to the funeral parlor while quoting random "Macbeth" lines, grabbing an axe and causing Amaryllis to faint. Black then chases Trumbull and Gillie around the house with the latter being knocked unconscious after falling down a flight of stairs before Black is seemingly killed by Trumbull; Black giving a lengthy monologue before finally dying.
Amaryllis comes down and assumes Trumbull to have murdered Gillie before being strangled by him when she threatens to report him to the authorities. Gillie awakens soon after and vengefully attacks Trumbull in a comical swordfight before being knocked out again with a poker. Mr. Black's servant arrives to report Black's sighting in the town before seeing the dead bodies and running off for the police. A depressed Trumbull collapses in a semi-conscious heap on the floor by the stairs, failing to realize Amaryllis is still alive as she wakes Gillie and the two proceed to elope. Hinchley, who has slept through everything, comes down stairs and gives Trumbull the vial of "medicine" to sober him up. Trumbull sobers up and realizes he has drunk his own poison, dramatically dropping dead as an oblivious Hinchley returns to bed while regretting not getting a sip of his own "medicine". Following Trumbull's death, the family cat Cleopatra walks over to Black, causing him to regain consciousness when his allergy acts up.
Production.
The film was a follow-up to "The Raven", meant to reunite Vincent Price, Peter Lorre and Boris Karloff. The producers' original intention was for Karloff to play the part of the ceaselessly spry old landlord, Mr. Black, but, by the time production was set to begin, they realized that it would have been difficult (if not impossible) for Karloff to perform the physical requirements of the role, due to persistent back and leg problems which had worsened with age. So, Karloff traded roles with Basil Rathbone, and instead played Amaryllis' elderly father, Mr. Hinchley.
Richard Matheson later said he was "proud of that picture and of the fact that I got AIP [American International Pictures] to hire Tourner ["sic"]. Earlier on, I had asked for Tourner ["sic"] on one of my "Twilight Zones"... They said, 'Well, he's a movie director. I don't think he can handle this time schedule' . . . As I recall, he did the shortest shooting schedule of anyone—twenty-eight hours. He had this book with every shot in it and detailed notes. He knew exactly what he was doing every inch of the way. He was so organized."
Release.
The movie was not a big success at the box office. Matheson:
It didn't lose any money. They [AIP] told me that the title itself cost them a lot. It's such a contradiction in terms, though. Terror sells and comedy makes them go away, so it's like they're walking in two directions at once. But I thought it was very clever to do a take off of Shakespeare's, "Comedy of Errors"... I think they were probably sorry they didn't use a Poe title, because Poe had a certain marketability. I guess they couldn't figure out how to market it. But it was the last one because I was getting tired of writing about people being buried alive, so I decided to make a joke about it.
Reception.
Initial reception.
"The Comedy of Terrors" received mixed to negative reviews upon its initial release. Howard Thompson of "The New York Times" wrote a scathing review, calling it "A musty, rusty bag of tricks rigged as a horror farce". "Variety" wrote that the film "leaves much to be desired. The raw material for a jovial spoof of chillers was there, but the comic restraint and perception necessary to capitalize on those natural resources is conspicuously missing." Philip K. Scheuer of the "Los Angeles Times" panned the film as "a series of predictable gags repeated ad infinitum, ad nauseum...I felt ashamed to watch once reputable actors hamming it up all over the place, making a mockery of whatever is left of their poor images." "The Monthly Film Bulletin" was somewhat positive, calling Price and Lorre "both splendid" and writing that Matheson's script "avoids the laxness which slowed down passages of "The Raven", and constructs a soundly worked-out mechanism based on a minimum of running gags."
"TV Guide" awarded the film 2/5 stars, stating the "film is neither funny nor terrifying, and shows the fact that it was shot in 20 days on a 12-hour-a-day shooting schedule."
Later reception.
Later reviews of the film have been more positive. Author and film critic Leonard Maltin gave the film 2.5 out of 4 stars, commending the film's cast. Paul Chambers from Movie Chambers.com gave the film a score B+, writing "An all-out horror comedy set in 19th century New England with some of the best names in the business. Besides Price, there's Boris Karloff, Peter Lorre, Basil Rathbone and in a small, but funny, segment, Joe E. Brown." "Time Out London" felt that the film came dangerously close to failing, and criticized the script. However, it commended the film's cast.
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 89% based on 9 reviews, with an average rating of 7.28/10.
Proposed sequel.
Richard Matheson wanted to write a sequel film for AIP called "Sweethearts and Horrors", which was intended to star Price as a ventriloquist, Karloff as a children's TV host, Rathbone as a musical comedy star, Lorre as a magician and Tallulah Bankhead. However "Comedy of Terrors" was not a big hit so plans to make the followup were shelved.
Novelisation.
A novelization of "The Comedy of Terrors" was written in 1964 by Elsie Lee, adapted from Richard Matheson's screenplay. It was published by Lancer Books in paperback (making certain changes in the story's ending).


Ben Barkow

Ben Barkow (born 1956) is a writer and was the director of The Wiener Holocaust Library from 1998 to 2019.
Barkow was born in Berlin but lived in London from the age of four. He studied at the Middlesex Polytechnic and at University College London. After employment as a researcher at the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, he started to work for the Wiener Library Institute of Contemporary History and is today its director. Also he is a member of the editorial advisory board of "Jewish Renaissance" magazine.
Publications.
Barkow is the author or editor of these books:


Hitcham War Memorial

Hitcham War Memorial is located outside St Mary's Church, Hitcham Lane, Hitcham, Buckinghamshire, England. It is a grade II listed building with Historic England and commemorates men who died in the First and Second World Wars.


Bob Lanier Middle School

Bob Lanier Middle School, formerly Sidney Lanier Junior High School/Middle School, is a middle school (lower secondary school) in Houston, Texas, United States, with a ZIP code of 77098. Lanier, a school of the Houston Independent School District (HISD), handles grades 6 through 8. Named after former Mayor of Houston Bob Lanier, the school is located in Neartown and near Montrose and has both neighborhood non-magnet and Vanguard/IBMYP (of the International Baccalaureate) gifted/talented programs. Lanier's neighborhood program serves Montrose, Afton Oaks, Boulevard Oaks, River Oaks, Southampton, and other communities.
History.
The school was originally designated Abraham Lincoln School, but after criticism from veterans of the U.S. Civil War who fought for the Confederate States of America, the name was changed to Sidney Lanier, a Confederate soldier who later became recognized as the "Poet of the Confederacy". As of 2014, there were at least ten high schools named after Lanier. Lanier opened in 1926 as one of HISD's first junior high schools. In 1926, the Purple Pup was adopted as Lanier's mascot.
In 1935, students from Lanier created a petition to rename Woodhead Street, named after John Woodhead, to Higginbotham Street, after the principal, Blanch Higginbotham. According to the article "Historic Houston Streets: The Stories Behind the Name," students at other schools used "Wood head" as a derogatory label for Lanier students, implying that they lacked intelligence. After hearing testimony about Woodhead's character, the Houston City Council decided to keep the previous street name. The students apologized to E. S. Woodhead, John Woodhead's brother and a Houstonian. Lanier was previously reserved for white children but it desegregated by 1970.
In 1973, Lanier's Vanguard program was instated. Lanier received a re-dedication after renovations in 1982.
In September 1991 Lanier was one of 32 HISD schools that had capped enrollments; in other words the school was filled to capacity and excess students had to attend other schools.
Lanier's first floor flooded in 1998 due to Tropical Storm Frances. In the early 2000s (decade), to reduce echoing in the classrooms and to allow easier installation of network hardware, a false ceiling was installed in almost all classrooms and hallways. Sometime after 2001, televisions that were in every classroom were removed.
Prior to the 2008/2009 school year, Lanier had a third temporary building which housed bathrooms and water fountains, though only one water fountain out of three was operational as of 2005. At the start of this school year, the building housing the bathrooms was removed, and the other two temporary buildings were moved from the field to other parts of the campus.
Lanier was renovated during the 2008/2009 school year, with a new paint job, new interior signage, and new walkways to the new locations of the temporary buildings.
Dr. Katie Bradarich became principal in July 2017. She was abruptly reassigned on November 28, 2018, according to a voice message received by the parents of students.
2016 Renaming.
On February 12, 2016 the HISD board voted to require Lanier to again change its name in an effort to purge HISD of school names based on Confederate figures, even though the Lanier students approved of keeping the school's name. Former teacher Jim Henley stated that Lanier was known as a creative artist and that he was not known as a Confederate soldier. Mike Tolson of the "Houston Chronicle" wrote that since Lanier had only a small number of works, he "is not studied much these days[...]and students who are not from his native Georgia are unlikely even to know his name." Tolson argued that "For the majority minority board, [Lanier] was low-hanging fruit, along with other men who actually served the Confederate cause in a more serious way and are not studied in classes on American poetry."
In May 2016 the HISD board voted to rename the school after Bob Lanier, former Mayor of Houston. "Lanier Watchdogs", a group of Lanier parents, accused the HISD board of omitting the cost of renaming the school; this group hired Wayne Dolcefino to assist their investigation.
In April 2016 a group of parents asked HISD board member Jolanda Jones to apologize to students who opposed the name change after she accused them of bullying other students in favor of the name change during a board meeting. Dolcefino investigated the issue and found no evidence of bullying. Jones refused to apologize despite the apparent discredit of her claims.
In May 2016 a group of residents threatened to sue HISD if it followed through with renaming Lanier. In June 2016 a group of eight Houston area residents, including alumni and parents, had given HISD a second ultimatum; when HISD did not accept it, they sued HISD to get an injunction to prevent the name changes. Dolcefino serves as their spokesperson.
Columnist John Nova Lomax argued against the renaming in "Texas Monthly" on the grounds that Bob Lanier had a mixed political legacy.
Admissions and neighborhoods served.
Students zoned to Lanier automatically are eligible to attend the school, and are automatically able to attend the Vanguard program if they qualify. Several areas of Houston inside the 610 Loop are zoned to Lanier, including Afton Oaks, River Oaks, Boulevard Oaks, Avalon Place, Southampton Place (including Broadacres,), Shadyside, portions of the Neartown area west of Montrose Boulevard (including portions of Montrose west of Montrose Boulevard, Castle Court, Cherryhurst and Cherryhurst Addition, Lancaster Place, Mandell Place, Park, Richwood, Vermont Commons, and WAMM, as well as much of Hyde Park, and portions of North Montrose), Weslayan Plaza, Oak Estates, Royden Oaks, Ranch Estates, Highland Village, Lynn Park, West Lane Place, Rice Village, and most of Upper Kirby (areas of the district located west of Edloe and north of Westpark, residential areas located east of Edloe, west of Kirby, north of U.S. Route 59, and areas located east of Kirby).
For non-zoned students to attend Lanier, parents must submit Vanguard magnet application forms. Admissions from this point on are drawn randomly on a lottery-basis. 256 students are drawn each year. Students beyond this are put on a wait-list.
Academics.
In the 1995-1996 school year, 82% of black students and 70% of Hispanic students at Lanier passed state tests. 98% of White students had passed the same tests. Tom Monaghan, the principal, said "If you looked at the big picture, we looked pretty good. But we said, 'That's not good enough. We have to look at the zoned kids.'"
The school added an extra teacher for mathematics remediation for 8th graders, established new instructional strategies for language arts, added additional mathematics instruction for 7th graders in need of help in mathematics content, and created after-school reading and writing groups for Latino students. In the 2000-2001 school year, after the measures were taken, 89% of black students and 86% of Hispanic students passed state tests.
As of 2011 Lanier had received Texas Gold Performance Awards based on performance in language arts, mathematics, reading, science, social studies, and writing.
Languages: Spanish, French, Mandarin Chinese.
Location and campus.
The campus consists of a three-story main building, a separate building (containing a band and a drama room), and 2 temporary buildings (for the health room). Lanier has an indoor pool located in the basement of the main building. Lanier also has an auditorium with a wraparound balcony located in the center of the campus between the South and North Patios, the latter officially named the "Tom Hutch-Hutchings Memorial Gardens" in honor of a longtime Lanier World Cultural Studies teacher. There is also a Chess Patio where one can play chess located next to the cafeteria. Lunch may be eaten on the South (also known as Purple) or Chess Patio, in addition to the cafeteria.
In the main building, the first and second floors have 6th and 7th grade classes. The third floor has 8th grade and core classes.
Lanier's campus has been expanded numerous times since it was first built. The most notable expansion was the addition of the area of the building housing the cafeteria and gymnasium. This expansion has resulted in some quirks in the building that are still visible today, most notably a door leading to stairs to the basement that is only half-exposed above the floor of the hallway. These stairs are no longer in service, though the door can be opened even though it's blocked by the hallway floor. Students aren't allowed to open the door and/or go down those stairs. Prior to this expansion, the cafeteria was located where the library is today, on the third floor. A dumbwaiter, located where the elevator is today, carried food to the cafeteria.(:
The windows at Lanier were upgraded at some point. Originally, they were 4-panel window panes that could each be opened. They were upgraded to standard slide-open windows. Possibly at this point, for currently unknown reasons, many of the windowsills in the back side of the school were bricked up.
"The Pipe of Peace", a mural by the artist Grace Spaulding John, is located at the school.
Lanier is located in Winlow Place blocks 2 and 5, in the Neartown community. Lanier is nearby single-family houses and small shops. A convenience store, a hardware store, and a few restaurants are near Lanier Middle School.
The Upper Kirby district, which is near Lanier, plans to establish a "teen center" at Richmond at Wake Forest geared toward students at Lanier, St. John's, Lamar, and other Upper Kirby schools and schools near Upper Kirby. Funding issues have delayed establishment of the center.
School uniform.
All Lanier students are required to wear school uniforms consisting of monogrammed LMS polo shirts in colors of red, black, white, and late in the 2013 school year (around May) purple shirts were brought back. They had not been available for about 10 years. The polo shirts purchased at the school and pairs of khaki bottoms (trousers, shorts, capris, or skirts) Skirts and capris are for girls only. GSG leaders wear maroon and green shirts. This uniform was instituted at the start of the 1997/1998 school year. The school also provides used uniforms for students who may not be able to afford them.
During the 2017-2018 school year the uniform policy was amended due to the effects of Hurricane Harvey. Instead of polo shirts, students were allowed to wear any solid colored red, black, white, purple, maroon, or green shirt.
During the 2018-2019 school year, the school enacted a controversial dress policy, requiring girls to wear leggings under their skirts. Many students filed a petition against this rule, "The new addition to Lanier Middle School dress code is sexist and unfair."The administration then adjusted the dress code requiring girls to only wear bike shorts, instead of leggings.
The Texas Education Agency specifies that the parents and/or guardians of students zoned to a school with uniforms may apply for a waiver to opt out of the uniform policy so their children do not have to wear the uniform; parents must specify "bona fide" reasons, such as religious reasons or philosophical objections.
Extra-curricular activities and non-core classes.
Lanier has a wide array of activities that students can participate in.
Sports: Track and Field, Cross Country, Volleyball, Football, Soccer, Baseball, Softball, Rugby, Basketball, and Swim Team.
Classes and after school Activities: Speech and Debate, Drama, Art/Media Kids, robotics, chess club, Model United Nations, photography, Fiction Club, Geography Club, NJHS, Band, Cheerleading, Dance, Breakdance, Name that Book, Ladies of Lanier, Student Council, Orchestra, Yearbook, MathCOUNTS.
Lanier Dance has won six consecutive national championships, seven consecutive state championships and has been named the top dance team in all of HISD multiple times.
Lanier's debate team have won 9 consecutive national championships and are very successful team led by Franz Hill. The Lanier Band has won the Texas regional band competition back to back and is led by Leo Hernandez and the Lanier Drama team has won multiple competitions in the last three years.
Student discipline.
The school enacted attendance policies meant to maintain a high level of student attendance, and the school threatens to criminally prosecute parents of students consistently committing truancy. The school had received awards for having high student attendance rates.
Student body.
During the 2016/2017 school year, Lanier had 1,469 students.
24% qualified for free or reduced lunch.
Feeder patterns.
Zoned schools.
Elementary schools that feed into Lanier include
All students who are zoned to Lanier are zoned to Lamar High School.
IB program.
The IB programs at Poe, River Oaks, Roberts, and West University elementaries feed into Lanier's IB program. Lanier accordingly feeds its IB students into Lamar High School's IB program.


Diego Bejarano

Diego Bejarano Ibáñez (born 24 August 1991) is a Bolivian who plays as a right back or defensive midfielder for Bolívar.
Career.
Club.
Panetolikos official website announced that the Bolivian international midfielder Diego Bejarano signed a three-year contract with the club as a free agent. Bejarano has international experience at club level as he played in two consecutive years in Copa Libertadores. Bejarano debuted professionally in the Bolivian giant The Strongest, from which he played on loan to Guabirá for the 2012 season, as he was not in the plans of his manager Mauricio Soria.
On 22 September 2014, he debuted in the Greek Super League with the club, in a 1-0 home loss against PAOK. In April 2015, Bejarano in an interview stated that is enjoyed the first eight months in European football, so he wants to stay many years playing football in Europe. His impressive displays against the giants of Greek Super League, named Olympiacos, Panathinaikos and PAOK was an asset for his club, but also attracted their interest.""I am satisfied so far, I have played 25 games out of 32 for the club and scored two goals"." His agent, Argentinian Alejandro de Bartolo stated that ""as the Greek league ends on 10 May, we will see whether he stays at the club or move to another Greek club"." Bejarano stated that "...although the Greek Super League is not the most popular league in Europe and his club is not the most popular, fans are very passionate and often games are played to packed stadiums."
Panetolikos defensive midfielder will be in contention for the first two games in the Superleague Greece play-offs as he is set to travel to Bolivia late in May in order to start preparations for the Copa America. The Bolivian midfielder revealed that he will fly to his homeland on the 27th of May in order to be in contention with his National Team ahead of the tournament in Latin America which goes underway two weeks later.
On 5 January 2016, Panetolikos announced that Bejarano would be returning to Bolivia for six months to play for The Strongest.
International.
Bejarano has represented Bolivia at youth level. On 15 November 2012, Bejarano debuted for the Bolivia National team in 1–1 friendly international home draw against Costa Rica. As of 7 June 2016, Bejarano earned 13 caps for Bolivia and he represented his country in 6 FIFA World Cup qualification matches.
Honours.
Liga de Fútbol Profesional Boliviano: The Strongest Apertura 2013, 2014


Silver Jubilee Crystal Crown

The Silver Jubilee Crystal Crown is a perspex sculpture by Arthur Fleischmann which has been displayed at the St Katharine Docks in London since the Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II in 1977. A plaque nearby claims that it is the largest solid block of acrylic in the world.
The Crystal Crown is made from a large block of transparent perspex measuring approximately by by and weighting about 2 tons. The block was cast by Stanley Plastics, having been commissioned by Stanley Kubrick to be used as the monolith in his 1968 film "", but Kubrick rejected the transparent block in favour of an opaque plywood structure painted black. Fleischmann acquired the unused perspex block after MGM's Borehamwood studio closed in 1970.
Working in a temporary studio at St Katharine Docks, Fleischmann carved away on one side of the block, excavating a crown surrounded by the rays of a sunburst. The completed work was unveiled by Queen Elizabeth II on 5 June 1977 as part of the celebration of her Silver Jubilee, mounted inside the colonnade of the Coronarium Chapel at the docks in London.
The Coronarium was roofed over and converted into a coffee shop in 2000, and the Crystal Crown was moved and mounted on the side of the Tower Hotel as part of a lightbox that is backlit at night.


Marcelo Grohe

Marcelo Grohe (born 13 January 1987) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Al-Ittihad Club of the Saudi Professional League.
Club career.
Born in Campo Bom, Rio Grande do Sul, Grohe began his career at Grêmio, where he arrived in 2000 to serve on the under-13 team. Within five years, was he was promoted to the first team squad at 18, to be the third goalkeeper in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B, however he did not play that season.
On 18 January 2006, he made his professional debut, playing 90 minutes in a 2–1 away win against São Luiz for the Campeonato Gaúcho.
On 25 October 2017, at a match against Barcelona of Guayaquil he made a save that is considered by some "the greatest save of all-time", even compared to Gordon Banks' save of the century at the 1970 World Cup; Banks himself praised the save.
At the end of 2018, Grohe was sold for US$3 million to Al-Ittihad Club of Saudi Arabia. He signed a 3-year contract, but was initially sidelined by a wrist injury that required surgery.
International career.
Grohe was a non-playing member of the Brazilian squad at the 2015 Copa América in Chile. He made his debut on 5 September 2015 in a 1–0 friendly win over Costa Rica at the Red Bull Arena in New Jersey.
Honours.
Club.
Grêmio
International.
Brazil


Soberton and Newtown Millennium Walk 2000

The Soberton and Newtown Millennium Walk 2000 is a 10-mile circular footpath through Hampshire, England around villages of Soberton and Newtown.
Sections of the footpath are shared with The King's Way, Pilgrims' Trail, Wayfarers Walk and Meon Valley Trail.
The entire route is waymarked by metal and plastic disks found attached to wooden and metal posts, trees and street furniture.


Joseph Thamby

Brother Joseph Thamby was a Roman Catholic religious brother of the Third Order of the Capuchins. He was declared 'Servant of God' on 24 June 2007 by the Vatican. He is well known for his virtues, prayer and miracles in South India.
Early life.
Thamby was born to Savarimuthu Thamby and Annamalle on 11 November 1890 in Saigon, Vietnam, where his parents were employed at the time of his birth and the family returned to their native town Pondicherry, India, when he was two years old. His younger brother Michael Dariyan was born in India, when he was five years old. His mother died when he was seven years old and his father remarried.
Missionary Life.
Because of suppression from his step mother, Thamby left the house and joined the hermits. There he learnt about St. Francis of Assisi and started following his footsteps. He Joined Capuchins in 1924 at Sardhana, Uttar Pradesh, India. He left Capuchins in 1933 but remained a member of the Third Order and hence wore the Third Order habit for the rest of his life. He promoted Franciscan Third Order to everyone he met and so established the branches wherever he went. He spent his life as a travelling missionary and travelled throughout South India.
Stigmata.
He is also believed to have received the stigmata which have been witnessed by many priests and parishioners. As per the witnesses the blood used to ooze from his hands, feet and the side of the chest every Friday at 3 pm.
Death.
Thamby died on 15 January 1945 at 5 pm, the date of death and time he had already foretold. He was buried in the parish cemetery of Avutapally Parish, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Canonization.
Brother Joseph Thamby was declared a Servant of God by the Vatican on 24 June 2007, thus starting the canonization process for him.
See also.
List of saints of India


Monument to the Dead of World War II

The Monument to the Dead of World War II (), also the Monument to the Brazilian Soldiers of World War II, commemorates Brazil's participation and losses in the Second World War (WWII).
It is located in Flamengo Park (also known as "Aterro do Flamengo" and "Parque Eduardo Gomes") on Guanabara Bay, in the Flamengo neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Features.
Buildings.
The below grade mausoleum holds the remains of 467 servicemen of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force who died in action in Italy during World War II. They were buried at the Brazilian Military Cemetery of Pistoia in Tuscany Italy, until repatriated in 1960. The Tuscan site now honors the servicemen with the "Brazilian Monument and Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of World War II", designed by Olavo Redig de Campos.
Long low stone peninsulas support rows the simple marble tablets of the fallen, in a serene minimalist manner.
An adjacent large space has permanent exhibits, films, and documentaries relating to the participation of Brazil in the European Theater of WWII, images of personnel and equipment of the era, and l
A long by glass bottomed fountain pool above the mausoleum allows natural light and cools the interior temperature.
Artworks.
The "Monument to the Dead of World War II" was designed by architects Mark Netto Konder and Helio Ribas Marinho, the winners of a national competition. The monument construction was completed in 1960.
The primary vertical feature is the monumental portal, an abstract memorial sculpture of formed concrete, that is tall.
Other artworks at the Monument include:


Mount Rushmore Golden Anniversary Gold $5


First Fleet Re-enactment Voyage

The First Fleet Reenactment Voyage (also known as the Second First Fleet) was a project to assemble a fleet of tall ships to sail from England to Australia in a historical reenactment of the First Fleet that colonised Australia in 1788. The reenactment was first conceived in 1977 and organised to commemorate Australia's bicentenary of colonisation. Despite opposition and minimal funding from the Australian government, the project attracted the support of high-profile adventurers Thor Heyerdahl, Alan Villiers, and Sir Edmund Hillary, as well as former Australian political figures and the British Royal Family. Several corporations offered to sponsor the fleet as a whole or individual ships, and additional money was raised by selling "training crew" berths for the various legs of the voyage.
Seven ships—"Søren Larsen", "R. Tucker Thompson", "Anna Kristina", "Amorina", "Tradewind", "Our Svanen", and "Bounty"—sailed from Portsmouth in May 1987, following a fleet review by Queen Elizabeth II. Attempting to follow the route of the original First Fleet, the ships sailed for Australia via Tenerife, Rio de Janeiro, Cape Town, and Mauritius. The initial funding ran out when the ships reached Rio de Janeiro, and the captains planned to call off the voyage until a radiothon on Australia's Macquarie Radio Network raised $900,000 and further corporate sponsorships were secured. The seven ships were joined by "One and All" off Rio de Janeiro. While crossing the Atlantic to Cape Town, "Anna Kristina"s first mate was lost overboard. The fleet arrived at Fremantle in early December, where "Eye of the Wind" was added to the fleet before they crossed southern Australia.
The fleet arrived in Sydney Harbour on Australia Day (26 January) 1988. Despite being recognised as the "Best Event" of the bicentenary, the project made a loss financially.
Background.
In 1787, a fleet of eleven small sailing ships departed from England, carrying convicts, marines, and sailors. The ships were heading for New South Wales, the territory claimed by James Cook during his first voyage of discovery in 1770, when he located and charted the eastern coast of New Holland (now Australia). The loss of the American penal colonies following the War of American Independence (and the resulting pressure it put on the British gaol system) combined with the need to secure this new territory against potential Dutch or French claims. The founding of a penal colony in New South Wales was approved by Prime Minister William Pitt, with Captain Arthur Phillip selected as the colonisation fleet's commander and the new colony's first Governor.
Eleven ships were acquired to be part of this voyage: the convict transports , , , , , and ; the storeships , , and ; and the naval vessels and . The fleet sailed from Portsmouth on 17 May 1787, and called at Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Rio de Janeiro, and Cape Town before using the Roaring Forties to cross the southern Indian Ocean and round Van Diemen's Land. The fleet arrived in Botany Bay, then relocated to the more suitable Port Jackson, where the colony was founded on 26 January 1788. The First Fleet is considered remarkable because it was the longest migratory voyage ever attempted, with all eleven ships reaching their destination within three days of each other, while only 48 of the 1,350 embarked died during the nine-month voyage.
To commemorate the 1988 Australian Bicentenary, Jonathan King (descendant of Lieutenant Philip King, Arthur Phillip's aide-de-camp) proposed in 1977 that a reenactment voyage made up of square-rigged sailing vessels similar to those used by the First Fleet be made. The project was met with opposition from Australian individuals and organisations. There was concern that by emphasising the British colonisation of Australia, the reenactment voyage would negatively remind people of the nations' convict origins. Offending the Australian Aborigines, whose land was stolen from them by the colonisation, was also a concern.
Setup.
King created the First Fleet Venture as a Melbourne University-backed project in 1978, and approached the Australian Government for funding and assistance. He was knocked back, with the government refusing to support the project unless it was shown to be commercially viable. King dissolved the university project board in 1982, and created a commercial group. The assistance of entrepreneur Wally Franklin was secured in 1983. Franklin and King secured assistance from Hoyts/Michael Edgley Productions, as well as Australian Himalayan Expeditions. Following this, Franklin founded the First Fleet Reenactment Company, and bought out King's group. Franklin, King, and solicitor Philip King sat on the board, along with representatives from Hoyts/Edgley and Australian Himalayan Expeditions. Norwegian adventurer Thor Heyerdahl joined the project as honorary president. New Zealand mountaineer Sir Edmund Hillary and Australian mariner Alan Villiers became a patrons of the reenactment. Further support came from former Australian Prime Ministers Malcolm Fraser and Bob Hawke, and from the British Royal Family.
Original plans called for a fleet of eleven 18th-century-styled replica ships to be constructed or chartered. By 1980, this was scaled back to building just two replicas: flagship HMS "Sirius" and one of the convict transports. After the replica "Bounty" (which was a contemporary and very similar in design to "Sirius") became available, the plan to build ships was canned, with the fleet to be made up of modern chartered vessels. Most of the vessels were British- or European-based tall ships chartered during 1985.
Funding was promised by the New South Wales Government, which provided a $230,000 seed grant for the project, followed by a later contribution of $500,000. Sponsorship for the project was promised by entities including Fairfax Media, Westpac, Qantas and Australian Airlines, and the Portsmouth City Council. Other companies (including Coca-Cola, Australia Post, and Fuji/Hanimex) sponsored individual ships. Many of the sponsorship contracts stipulated that at least six ships had to be sailing in company at any time. Additional funding came through the sale of "training crew" berths for each leg of the voyage: these people were expected to supplement the professional crew on each vessel. With the financial viability of the project appearing to be in hand, the Australian Bicentennial Authority loaned $500,000 to the First Fleet Reenactment Company, but refused to provide any further funding or support.
Voyage.
"R. Tucker Thompson", "Søren Larsen", "Amorina", and "Tradewind" assembled in London during April 1987. They departed on 27 April, accompanied by the barque "Kaskelot", which only intended to sail with the fleet for a few days once the reenactment voyage commenced, as the ship was committed to the filming of "Return to Treasure Island". The ships proceeded to Portsmouth, where they arrived on 30 April. Here, the initial flotilla was joined by "Bounty", "Anna Kristina", and "Our Svanen". During their time in British waters, the ships of the reenactment voyage proved very popular with the media and the public. From the British perspective, the First Fleet was a major maritime achievement and a successful experiment.
The voyage proper commenced from the Solent on 13 May 1987, after a fleet review by Queen Elizabeth II aboard the frigate : the modern ship was selected as the reviewing vessel to recognise the "Sirius" that led the original First Fleet. In addition to the seven re-enactment ships that sailed ("One and All" was not present: the vessel had only competed fitting out in April, and intended to join the rest of the fleet in the Atlantic), "Kaskelot", the schooner "Johanna Lucretia", the cadet training brig "Royalist", and the charity training ship "Lord Nelson" increased the fleet size to the historical eleven. However, when the signal to depart was given, the engine on flagship "Søren Larsen" initially failed to start, then kicked over hard enough to warp the crankshaft. Command of the fleet was temporarily handed over to "Bounty" (which was originally planned to be flagship of the expedition before the fleet commodore selected "Søren Larsen"), which led the other ships from Portsmouth while repairs were effected.
From Portsmouth, the fleet headed to Tenerife in the Canary Islands. En route, "Tradewind" and "Our Svanen" were called back by the British Department of Transport for further safety checks, and "Amorina" had to divert to Falmouth, Cornwall to put ashore an engineer who had developed renal colic. On 25 May, the lead ships anchored at Porto Santo to wait for the rest of the fleet to catch up. All bar "Our Svanen" had regrouped by 26 May, and the fleet carried on. The reenactment fleet arrived off Tenerife on 29 May, and was able to enter the port under full sail.
On 9 June, the fleet sailed from Tenerife for Rio de Janeiro. During the voyage, the main gaff on "Anna Kristina" broke. The ships diverted to Mindelo in the Cape Verde Islands, where a shipwright was able to sleeve the break with steel. The ships remained for three days while repairs were made. The decision was made to sail for Salvador, then proceed to Rio. The fleet arrived in Salvador on 11 July. Around this time, "One and All" had reached the Mediterranean via the Suez Canal, but was forced to make for Gibraltar when a weakened topmast became evident.
The seven ships of the reenactment fleet sailed into Rio de Jainero on 26 July 1987. The arrival was promoted by the media and press, with 100 small vessels accompanying the tall ships into harbour, and the mayor of Rio presenting the fleet with the keys to the city. When the fleet reached Rio de Janeiro, the initial funds had run out, and the promised further funding for the captains and crews had not eventuated. The Australian government would not provide further assistance, as the reenactment would clash with the tall ships regatta that had been organised. The ships' captains threatened to call off the voyage and return to Southampton unless $1 million was guaranteed. The need for more money was pitched by Wally Franklin to radio presenter Mike Carlton, framed as a "David and Goliath" battle of a community-organised reenactment of historical significance unable to gather the support of the government. Carlton and the Macquarie Radio Network organised a rolling "Save The Fleet" radiothon across Friday and the weekend, with each presenter continuing the call for donations and radio station 2GB sacrificing half its commercial airtime for ads promoting the radiothon. $900,000 was raised across the weekend, and the fleet's captains were convinced to continue on with the voyage.
The reenactment voyage commenced its next leg on 9 August, bound for Cape Town. They were escorted out of harbour by two frigates of the "Marinha do Brasil". After leaving Rio, "One and All" finally caught up with the fleet. The ship called into Rio briefly to replenish, then joined the reenactment fleet. While crossing the Atlantic, at 01:20 on 22 August, First Mate Henrik Nielsen from "Anna Kristina" fell overboard while trying to adjust a sail. "Tradewind", "R. Tucker Thompson", and "Søren Larsen" converged on "Anna Kristina" and began searching: first in the immediate area by searchlight, then commencing a grid pattern at dawn. The search was called off at 18:35 with no success.
The fleet reached Cape Town on 10 September. Some of the ships were slipped for maintenance and repairs. The voyage continued on 28 September, with the fleet departing for Mauritius. The fleet made good progress, but as the larger ships needed more wind power, they diverted further south, deeper into the Roaring Forties. When attempting to climb back north-east towards Mauritius, the winds dropped for several days, and "Amorina" ran out of fuel for her engine. During a two-day operation, of fuel was shuttled from "Bounty" to "Amorina" by the former's rescue boat. Spread out by the rough southern Indian Ocean conditions, the arrival at Mauritius was staggered between 24 and 29 October. A four-week International Festival of the Sea was organised around the presence of the tall ships, with the Reenactment Voyage as the centrepiece of Australia Week. During the stay at Mauritius, "Our Svanen", which had been British-flagged to this point, was re-registered as a Canadian vessel.
The eight ships departed on 10 November to cross the Indian Ocean to Fremantle. Fremantle was reached on 12 December. Here, they were joined by "Eye of the Wind". On 26 December, the now nine-strong fleet sailed for Botany Bay. The fleet briefly called into Jervis Bay before continuing north to Botany Bay. Botany Bay was reached on 18 January 1988, the day the first ships of the original First Fleet arrived in 1788. While maintaining the ships and waiting to commence the final leg of the voyage, the schooner "Solway Lass" and the sail training barquetine "Leeuwin II" arrived to bring the reenactment fleet strength up to the historical eleven ships.
At 05:30 on Australia Day (26 January), the Reenactment fleet sailed from Botany Bay. Four hours later, the ships entered Sydney Heads. Their arrival to the moorings off Farm Cove coincided with Prince Charles' speech on the steps of the Sydney Opera House. An estimated 3,000 vessels were on Sydney Harbour to welcome the fleet.
Conclusion.
The First Fleet Reenactment Voyage was awarded "Best Event" of the bicentennial.
In 1988, a 20-minute radio documentary on the re-enactment of The First Fleet Voyage recorded aboard the Swedish barquentine, the "Amorina", as it sailed from Hobart to Newcastle produced by Tasmanian "Country Hour" presenter Tom Murrell, won Best Special Talks and Documentary - Radio International Open for the Bicentennial Media Awards, the Paters sponsored by the Australian Academy of Broadcast Arts and Sciences. The documentary was broadcast on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's national radio show "Australia All Over".


Eduardo Boza-Masvidal

Eduardo Tomas Boza-Masvidal (September 18, 1915 in Camagüey, Cuba – March 16, 2003 in Los Teques, Venezuela) was the Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of Havana.
Biography.
His parents were Aurelio Boza and Clemencia Masvidal. He was baptised in the Church of Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, in Camagüey, on November 18, 1915. He graduated from Colegio de La Salle, in Vedado, Havana and afterwards received a Doctorate in Philosophy and Letters in 1940 from the University of Havana. In 1935 he studied at the San Carlos and San Ambrosio Seminary, where he did all his ecclesiastic studies.
He was ordained on February 28, 1944 in the Cathedral of Havana by the Archbishop of Havana Manuel Arteaga-Betancourt. He was assigned to the Parish of San Salvador in El Cerro, Havana for a year. He was then made a professor at the San Carlos and San Ambrosio Seminary and chaplain of the Colegio del Sagrado Corazón (School of the Sacred Heart). Later he was assigned to the parish of San Luis in Madruga and in 1948 assigned to the parish of Nuestra Señora de la Caridad (Our Lady of Charity), in Havana, where he remained until 1961. He was also prosecutor in the Ecclesiastical Tribunal and Rector of the Catholic Universidad Católica de Santo Tomás de Villanueva.
He was chosen by Pope John XXIII as Titular Bishop of and Auxiliary Bishop of San Cristobal de la Habana (Havana) on March 31, 1960. He was expelled by the Communist regime in September 1961. He participated in the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965). He is the founder of the "Unión de Cubanos en el Exilio" (UCE) (Union of Cubans in Exile).
He died on March 16, 2003 from complications of pneumonia at the Medical Center of Los Teques in Venezuela. Since 2012 he is in process of beatification and the diocese has finished its diocesan phase and has sent it to Rome.


Backwash (The Wire)

"Backwash" is the seventh episode of the second season of the HBO original series "The Wire". The episode was written by Rafael Alvarez from a story by David Simon & Rafael Alvarez and was directed by Thomas J. Wright. It originally aired on July 13, 2003.
Plot.
Bunk and Beadie meet with Landsman to discuss using a computer to monitor dock traffic. He is initially outraged, but is more accepting when he learns that Daniels has granted them space in his detail's off-site location. Before storming out, he speculates that Daniels might take the Jane Doe case, which would relieve Homicide of the uncleared murders. Rawls later tries to persuade Daniels to take the Jane Does, but Daniels stands firm. Later, in an argument with Marla, Daniels defends his decision to stay in the BPD and tells her he is "playing their game" from now on.
Greggs and Prez follow up on the information from Shardene's friend, and find a strip club employing Eastern European dancers. They watch as the girls leave the club and file into a van, which they follow to an apartment building. Meanwhile, Herc and Carver borrow an expensive surveillance bug to get information on the portside drug trade, allowing the clerk to hold Carver's credit card as collateral. They place the bug in a tennis ball and have some success monitoring Frog. However, when Nick arrives, Frog distractedly tosses the ball into the busy street, where it is demolished by a Mack truck. Herc and Carver later plan to fraudulently claim to work with an informant to recoup the cost of the bug.
Beadie and Freamon continue to monitor drug trafficking through the port. When they note that Horseface will be working a ship, they call in Greggs and Prez for help with surveillance. Soon enough, Beadie sees him "lose" a container, which they follow back to an east side warehouse. There, they photograph Serge meeting with Proposition Joe. Meanwhile, McNulty tries to rekindle his relationship with Elena, who admits she can never trust him again. The detail persuades Daniels to take on the Jane Doe murders in order to make their investigation a success. Daniels informs Rawls that he's willing to take on the case in exchange for Rawls' full support. However, Marla expresses anger and disappointment that Daniels has abandoned his career ambitions.
Nick sets himself up as a supplier to Frog, and gives Ziggy his share of the first drug profits. Frank attends a seminar on robotic dock technology and is appalled when he realizes the automated systems threaten to make stevedores obsolete. He pleads with Nat to let him extend his term as union treasurer for another year. Frank also confronts the union's lobbyist, Bruce DiBiago, and expresses his frustration that his lobbying efforts have failed to make political headway. Frank rants about his family's lack of a financially secure future and demands that Bruce work the politicians harder to get the canal dredged. After a stevedore named New Charles suffers a severe leg injury on the job, Frank delivers an envelope stuffed with cash to his family. Nat pointedly asks where the money comes from. Refusing to answer, Frank walks away.
Bodie buys a floral arrangement for D'Angelo's funeral and orders it to look like the tower he controlled before his demotion. Stringer visits Brianna's house for D'Angelo's wake and finds her inconsolable. In prison, Avon and Wee-Bey discuss D'Angelo's "suicide," unaware that Stringer engineered the murder. Despite being despondent, Avon musters enough anger to dismiss D'Angelo as weak for killing himself. After the funeral, Joe approaches Stringer to discuss sharing his supply for a share in the Barksdales' territory. Stringer pragmatically agrees to present the idea to Avon during his next visit. When he does so, Avon angrily dismisses it out of hand.
Production.
Title reference.
The title is a literary reference to the concept that D'Angelo discusses in the prison book club in "All Prologue".
One of several definitions for "backwash" is "a condition, usually undesirable, that continues long after the event which caused it".
Epigraph.
Horseface makes this statement to the recently severely injured New Charles while the stevedores wait for the ambulance.
Non-fiction elements.
The face on the dartboard in Frank's office is that of Robert Irsay, the owner of the former Baltimore Colts, who, in 1984, took the team to Indianapolis.
Nick has Guided by Voices, Disturbed, Filter, Bonnie "Prince" Billy and Static-X posters in his room.
Credits.
Although credited, Paul Ben-Victor does not appear in this episode. Also, due to D'Angelo Barksdale having been killed off, Larry Gilliard, Jr. is no longer credited.


Kurt Eberhard

Kurt Eberhard (September 12, 1874, Rottweil – September 8, 1947, Stuttgart) was a German Nazi officer. He rose to the rank of "Brigadeführer" of the SS and in the German army. During World War II Eberhard was given the command over the occupied city of Kiev in Ukraine. He was involved in planning and supervising the Babi Yar massacres during which over 33,771 people were murdered. He was captured by US authorities after the end of World War II, in November 1945, and kept in captivity in Stuttgart. He committed suicide on September 8, 1947.


Victoria Square, Birmingham

Victoria Square is a pedestrianised public square in Birmingham, England. It is home to both the Town Hall and the Council House, and directly adjacent to Chamberlain Square.
The square is often considered to be the centre of Birmingham, and is the point from where local road sign distances are measured. It is a short walk from St. Philip's Cathedral on Colmore Row and is on the main pedestrian route between the Bull Ring and Brindleyplace areas. Three major roads, Colmore Row, New Street and Paradise Street, and others, meet there.
History.
The square was formerly known as Council House Square, and had a tramway running through it. It was renamed on 10 January 1901, to honour Queen Victoria. She died just 12 days later. A marble statue, donated by Henry Barber and sculpted by Thomas Brock, was erected and unveiled; it was later recast in bronze.
Part of the square was once occupied by Christ Church (built 1805–13), but the church was demolished in 1899. The font, bell and foundation stone were moved to the new St Agatha's, Sparkbrook, which was built with the proceeds when the site was sold to developers. The 600 bodies, which included John Baskerville, housed in the catacombs beneath the church were moved to Warstone Lane Cemetery. The site was then used for an office and retail block, Christ Church Buildings, which were themselves demolished in 1970 and replaced with a grassed slope.
During the 1950s, plans were made to widen Colmore Row for it to become part of the Birmingham Inner Ring Road, with a major road junction to be constructed at Victoria Square. These plans were dropped, however a lot of the Inner Ring Road plan was carried through to construction.
Redevelopment.
During the late 20th century the square was a busy traffic junction. Plans were made to pedestrianise the area and to create a public focal point. An international design competition was held for a central water feature in the square, which was won by Dhruva Mistry. Construction commenced in 1992 and was completed in 1994, when it was officially opened by Diana, Princess of Wales. During the redevelopment of the square, "", a sculpture by Antony Gormley was installed and unveiled in 1993. A plaque is located on the southwestern side of the square to commemorate the opening.
In June 2018, during work to extend the West Midlands Metro through the square, a cobbled street was uncovered, below the surface of the square.
Artwork.
Mistry's fountain "The River" is the largest sculptural piece in the square Due to the recurring irreparable leaks the fountain was turned off in 2013 in order to save money. On 6 July 2015 the fountain was filled with plants and flowers and no longer functions as a fountain. Additionally, there are other pieces not commissioned for the 1992 redevelopment of the square. One of these is Antony Gormley's "" which was donated to the city in March 1993 by the Trustee Savings Bank, the headquarters of which was located alongside the square. It is in height, and has been subject to mixed reaction. It was suggested that the statue be moved to the bank's headquarters in Bristol when it merged with Lloyds.
There are also statues that existed prior to the redevelopment of the square. Of two statues that were originally located in the square, only one remains. That is the statue of Queen Victoria, which was originally created in 1901 by Thomas Brock, but recast in bronze by William Bloye in 1951. The sceptre capital was missing for some years, but was replaced in 2011, thanks to the research and assistance of the Victorian Society. The plinth was replaced in composite Cornish marble in 1951.
Other statues that no longer stand in the square include a statue of King Edward VII, which was moved to Highgate Park when Victoria Square was remodelled in 1951. Following restoration, it was re-erected, on a new plinth, outside Baskerville House in Centenary Square, in November 2010. There were also statues of Robert Peel, which is now located at the Tally Ho police training centre in Edgbaston; and of Joseph Priestley, which is now in Chamberlain Square. A statue of John Skirrow Wright, unveiled in 1883, was moved to Chamberlain Square in 1913, from there into storage in 1951, and eventually scrapped. A statue of George Dawson was later moved to Edmund Street nearby, but is now in store at Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery's Museum Collections Centre.
Buildings.
The square is surrounded by many prominent buildings. On the western side is the Town Hall, on its northern side is the Council House, on its eastern side is 130 Colmore Row and on the south side is Victoria Square House.
Events.
Every Christmas, Victoria Square forms the centrepiece for the Frankfurt Christmas Market and Craft Fair which also extends into New Street and abuts onto a craft fair in Chamberlain Square, with the city's official Christmas tree, donated each year by Sandvik, also standing in the square. The market's wooden huts sell items such as jewellery, artwork, ornaments, clothing and German food.
The Birmingham Big Screen is currently standing in the square following its removal from Chamberlain Square, but for some time after assembly in September 2007, it was not used due to a dispute over the planning process for it. After the dispute over the first planning application, which was approved by the council, another was submitted in December 2008. However, the consultation process stalled following an overwhelming number of objections. The dispute over the wide screen has cost million. However, by April 2012 the screen was working.
On Thursday 12 July 2012, HM Queen Elizabeth II and her husband The Duke of Edinburgh visited Victoria Square as part of the West Midland Diamond Jubilee Tour. At the Square, they carried out a walk-about and received a gift from the city of Birmingham.


Wellington Cenotaph

The Wellington Cenotaph, also known as the Wellington Citizens' War Memorial, is a war memorial in Wellington, New Zealand. Commemorating the New Zealand dead of World War I, and World War II. it was unveiled on Anzac Day (25 April) 1931 and is located on the intersection of Lambton Quay and Bowen Street, by the New Zealand Parliament Buildings. It features two wings decorated with relief sculptures and is topped with a bronze figure on horseback. Two bronze lions and a series of bronze friezes were later added in commemoration of World War II. On 18 March 1982, it was registered as a Category I historic place with registration number 215. It is a focus of Anzac Day commemorations in the city.
On 2 September, 2013 new plans for the cenotaph were presented including a new staircase and water feature up to the Parliament Buildings. The works also includes repairs to the cenotaph surface materials and creation of a square to create a ceremonial space.
In 2015 the Wellington Anzac Day citizen's wreath-laying ceremony was held at the upgraded National War Memorial.


Thomas Alva Edison silver dollar

The Thomas Alva Edison silver dollar is a commemorative silver dollar issued by the United States Mint in 2004. It portrays American inventor Thomas Edison.
Legislation.
The Thomas Alva Edison Commemorative Coin Act () authorized the production of a silver dollar to commemorate the life of Edison and the 125th anniversary of the invention of the light bulb. The act allowed the coins to be struck in both proof and uncirculated finishes.
Design.
The obverse of the coin, designed by Donna Weaver, features a portrait of Edison holding an early experimental light bulb in his laboratory. The reverse, designed by john Mercanti, features a rendering of Edison's first light bulb.