Ford World Headquarters

The Ford World Headquarters, also known as the Henry Ford II World Center and popularly known as the Glass House, is the administrative headquarters for Ford Motor Company, a 12-story, glass-faced office building designed to accommodate a staff of approximately 3,000. The building is located at 1 American Road at Michigan Avenue in Dearborn, Michigan, near Ford's historic Rouge plant, Greenfield Village, the Henry Ford Museum, Dearborn's Henry Ford Centennial Library, and Fair Lane, Henry Ford's personal estate.
In 2008, columnist George Will said the building opened at "the peak of American confidence" and described the headquarters as having a "sleek glass-and-steel minimalism that characterized up-to-date architecture in the 1950s, when America was at the wheel of the world and even buildings seemed streamlined for speed".
While under design and construction, the building was called the "Central Staff Office Building" and was later referred to as the "New Central Office Building" to distinguish it from the company's prior headquarters nearby, known as the Ford Rotunda building. The building was later referred to as the "Ford Motor Company Administrative Center" and was formally renamed the "Henry Ford II World Center" in June 1996.
In early 2016, Ford announced a redesign of the headquarters building and its surrounding campus,
scheduled to begin in 2021 and projected to connect the Glass House to a series of new and existing buildings, parking decks, soccer fields and an arboretum.
Design and construction.
Formally announced in 1950, the new Central Staff Office Building was delayed by construction moratoriums in place during the Korean War. Construction broke ground on September 29, 1953 and the building was dedicated on September 26, 1956.
In addition to the prominent 12-story office building, the Glass House includes an adjacent three-story structure accommodating an employee cafeteria, dining rooms and parking garage for 1500 cars—the two elements connected by a concourse. The headquarters was designed in the International Style by noted architects Gordon Bunshaft and Natalie de Blois, both with the firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. De Blois designed the three-story portion of the complex.
Described as a "tall city in a park," the complex was master planned by William L. Pereira and Associates of Los Angeles, requiring multiple entry points to adequately serve the concentrated daily influx of cars. Located on (originally ) previously belonging to Henry Ford's private estate, the grounds have since 1966 also been the site for the Arjay Miller Arboretum, featuring trees and shrubs native to Michigan.
Constructed of reinforced concrete with an estimated of tinted, heat-absorbing glass, and standing tall, the Glass House features central air conditioning, escalators on the first seven floors to augment elevators, movable interior partitions and glass partitions for primary interior corridors. To maximize interior flexibility, structural columns are located outside the exterior curtain wall or within the building's core, providing a clear interior span for office space.
In addition to the tinted, heat absorbing glass, the facade's curtain wall was designed with , light-weight sandwich panels composed of five layers: an outermost layer of 16-gauge porcelain enameled steel bonded to a expanded aluminum honeycomb, a sheet of 24–gauge galvanized steel, of cellular insulation (marketed as Foamglas) and finally an interior 18–gauge steel skin. The building used 6,616 panels in a semi-matte green color and was the largest known use of porcelain enamel composite panels in a single building at the time of its construction, using over of the material.
The long side of the building's rooftop mechanical penthouse screen walls originally featured the word "FORD" in tall block lettering–later replaced with the company's trademark Blue Oval logo. In 1999, the company replaced the "Blue Oval" at the penthouse screen wall with the words "Ford Motor Company" in the company's original trademark script, referred to by Ford as the "trustmark". Ford returned the "Blue Oval" again to the penthouse screenwalls in 2003, in time for the company's centennial.
Background and awards.
Prior to the Glass House, Ford's central staff occupied a headquarters, the 3000 Schaefer Building, constructed in 1928 at the corner of Schaefer Road and what is now Rotunda Drive in Dearborn. The building was subsequently occupied by the Lincoln Mercury division after completion of the Glass House, later became the Ford Parts Department and was ultimately razed in 1997.
The Skidmore Owings & Merrill 1956 headquarters building won the Office of the Year Award from "Administrative Management Magazine" in 1956 and in 1967 an Award of Excellence from the American Institute of Steel Construction.
Artwork and illuminations.
In 1955, Skidmore Owings & Merrill, architects of the Glass House, commissioned an sculpture, a welded metal screen, by artist Thomas Fulton McClure (1920–2009) for its new headquarters, while the building was still under construction—and at the time called the "Central Staff Office Building".
For the 1996 rechristening of the building, Ford commissioned a full-size bronze statue of Henry Ford II by artist Richard R. Miller. The sculpture stands in the building's lobby and depicts Henry Ford II in an informal standing pose. The figure itself is tall.
On the evening of September 15, 2008, the office lights at Ford World Headquarters were "strategically" illuminated to spell "Happy 100 GM," in honor of its chief rival General Motors' 100th anniversary.
In 2009, Ford illuminated the facade of the Glass House in pink for two nights, in support of the Susan G. Komen for the Cure cancer awareness program.


Saint-Guidon/Sint-Guido metro station

Saint-Guidon (French) or Sint Guido (Dutch) is a Brussels metro station on the western branch of line 5. It is located in the municipality of Anderlecht, in the western part of Brussels (Belgium).
The station opened on 6 October 1982 as part of the Beekkant–Saint Guidon extension of former line 1B. Prior to the opening of an extension to Veeweyde/Veeweide on 5 July 1985, the station was the western terminus of the metro. Following the reorganisation of the network on 4 April 2009, it is served by line 5.
Area.
Nearby sights include the Collegial Church of Saint Peter and Saint Guido, for which the station was named; Erasmus House; the Old Beguinage (now a museum dedicated to religious community life); and Astrid Park, which is home to the Constant Vanden Stock Stadium, where R.S.C. Anderlecht football club play their home games.


Birks Bridge

Birks Bridge is a traditional stone-built bridge over the River Duddon in the English Lake District, in Dunnerdale-with-Seathwaite, Cumbria, standing at Grid Reference .
History and construction.
The bridge was built around the 18th century, with voussoirs and inbuilt drainage, and became a listed building in 1990.
Aspect.
Birks Bridge is a packhorse bridge of outstanding beauty, even for Lakeland. Hunter Davies described how "the hump-back stone bridge seems itself to be a work of nature, blending and melding so well with the rocks either side". Wainwright considered this a tribute to the artistry of craftsmen of former times.


Japanese torpedo boat Hiyodori

The Japanese torpedo boat "Hiyodori" was an of the Imperial Japanese Navy, built for escort and anti-submarine duties. Although classified as a torpedo boat, she was large enough to be considered a small destroyer or a fast escort. She was the third ship of her class to be completed and served in the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Second World War.
Design and description.
Since the "Otori" class was designed and built with the harsh lessons learned from the "Tomozuru" and Fourth Fleet incidents, "Hiyodori" benefited from having both a considerably powerful armament and far greater stability. The stability was provided with a lower bridge level, less armament and protection (in the case of gun shields) and a keel ballast. Upon launch, "Hiyodori"s armament was the same as that of her sister-ships, distinguished by a set of three torpedo tubes amidships, three 12 cm guns and a single 40 mm Vickers machine gun.
In 1944, "Hiyodori" and the surviving ships of the "Otori" class had their aft 12 cm gun and their single 40 mm Vickers gun replaced with several 25 mm anti-aircraft mounted in five single mounts and three twin mounts, granting her a total of 11 machine guns. The paravanes were also replaced with additional depth charges and depth-charge throwers, bringing the total number of depth charges on board to 48, and her standard displacement to 1,043 tonnes.
Service career.
"Hiyodori" was first assigned to the 15th Escort Squadron of the Second China Expeditionary Fleet following its completion on 20 December 1936, and later taking part in the Second Sino-Japanese War.
"Hiyodori" began the Second World War with the Hong Kong Invasion Force. Following the successful invasion of Hong Kong, "Hiyodori" patrolled the Chinese coast from December 1941 to August 1942. During this time, the 15th Escort Squadron was deactivated and "Hiyodori" was transferred under the direct command of the Second Chinese Expeditionary Fleet, with which "Hiyodori" would spend the rest of the war escorting convoys in the Pacific.
On 16 February 1943, "Hiyodori" and the submarine chaser "No. 18" detected and sank .
While escorting a convoy from Manila to Brunei in late October 1944, "Hiyodori" assisted the destroyer in the inspection of the derelict on 24 October 1944.
On 17 November 1944, "Hiyodori" was sunk by east northeast of Cape Tourane.


Clifton Viaduct

Clifton Viaduct is a Grade II listed stone structure crossing the valley of the River Irwell in Clifton, Greater Manchester, and also the Manchester, Bolton and Bury Canal. It is known locally as the "13 Arches". It is currently disused and closed to the public.
History.
The viaduct was constructed in 1846 to carry trains from Manchester to Rossendale along the Manchester, Bury and Rossendale Railway, over the Irwell Valley. It has 13 arches and after crossing the Irwell the railway line used to lead into what was once Clifton Junction railway station. The line was closed in 1966. The viaduct passes another notable structure, Clifton Aqueduct.
External links.
[[Category:Grade II listed bridges in Greater Manchester]]
[[Category:Bridges completed in 1846]]
[[Category:Irwell Valley]]
[[Category:Viaducts in England]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in the City of Salford]]
[[Category:Former railway bridges in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Bridges across the River Irwell]]


Cronadun Bridge railway station

Cronadun Bridge railway station served the area of Letterbrick in County Donegal, Ireland.
The station opened on 1 August 1944 on the Donegal Railway Company line from Glenties to Stranorlar.
It closed on 15 December 1947 when the County Donegal Railways Joint Committee closed the line from Glenties to Stranorlar in an effort to save money.
Freight services on the route continued until 10 March 1952.


Varkaus Airport

Varkaus Airport is an airport in Joroinen, Finland, about south of Varkaus.
Airlines and destinations.
The only scheduled service offered by Flybe Nordic to Helsinki ended in January 2014 leaving the airport without any scheduled flights.


Kyzylorda Airport

Kyzylorda Airport is an airport located southeast of Kyzylorda (formerly known as Kzyl-Orda), the capital city of the Kyzylorda Region in Kazakhstan.
Facilities.
The airport resides at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one runway which measures .


Meydan-e Enghelab-e Eslami Metro Station

Enghelab Metro Station is a station of Tehran Metro Line 4. It is located in Enghelab Square, the junctions of Azadi Street, Enqelab Street and Kargar Street. It is between Teatr-e Shahr Metro Station and Tohid Metro Station.


Herfra til evigheten

Herfra til evigheten (English: 'From Here to Eternity') was a Norwegian spiritual TV series which was shown on NRK1 in summer 2002, presented by Kjell Erik Moen. In the show, Moen and photographer Jon Anton Brekne travelled around the world, including in Norway, to find Norwegians who are interested in different things in life.
The series premiered on NRK on 13 January 2002 and was shown on Sundays at 22:30.
In the course of the 8 programmes, Uganda, India, Bolivia, Chicago, Thailand, Mozambique, Oslo and Lista were visited. Mostly, the show dealt with people who had sold their land and property and moved to the other side of the world for ideological reasons.
The show got good reviews, and was repeated in summer 2002.


Flight 372

Flight 372 may refer to:


Luhansk railway station

Luhansk station () is a junction railway station in Luhansk, Ukraine.
History.
The history of the station began in 1878 with the opening ceremony of the Donetsk coal railway, the which covered 389 miles, crossing open areas such as Mykytivka–Debaltseve–, Debaltseve, Popasna–Kramatorsk and Donetsk–Luhansk, which came to Luhansk from the Southwest.
The Donetsk Railway was managed from Luhansk until 1934, when the office moved to Donetsk.
Trains.
Because of The War in Donbass, all the long-distance trains ceased operating and only 2 restored trains, operated by the Luhansk People's Republic, continue to terminate at the station:


Sayyad-e-Shirazi Metro Station (Mashhad Metro)

Sayyad-e Shirazi Metro Station is a station of Mashhad Metro Line 1. The station opened on 10 October 2011. It is located on Vakilabad Expressway.
It is named after the assassinated Ali Sayad Shirazi, chief-of-staff of the Iranian Armed Forces during the eight-year Iran–Iraq war.


ArcaBoard

ArcaBoard is an electric commercial hoverboard developed by ARCA Space Corporation. It is powered by 36 electric ducted fans, is capable of transporting a person weighing up to 110 kg (243 lbs), and has an endurance up to 6 minutes. It is designed for entertainment and personal recreation purpose. ARCA first unveiled their product on December 24th, 2015 and announced that it is available for purchase.
Design.
The hoverboard is 145 cm long and 76 cm wide, is made of aerospace grade composite materials and weighs up to 82 kg, depending on the version. It is equipped with 36 high power electric ducted fans that spin at 45,000 rotations per minute and generate up to 272 hp. There are two versions available for purchase: Enhanced Thrust Version, that can lift a person up to 110 kg and has a flight time up to 3 minutes, and Long Endurance Version, that can lift a person up to 90 kg and has a flight time up to 6 minutes. Using the optional ArcaDock charging station the hoverboard can be charged to full power in 35 minutes.
The ArcaBoard is equipped with onboard sensors that maintain it 30 cm above ground and limit its speed to 20 km/h. It has an inertial stabilization system that keeps it flying level and can be controlled using a mobile phone application and by tilting the phone in the direction of desired travel. The stabilization system can be turned off and the hoverboard can be controlled by using one's center of gravity and body movements. The demonstration videos showed by ARCA were made with the stabilization system turned off. The hoverboard senses the user's weight and automatically adjusts the thrust so that the distance to the ground remains constant. Should the user accidentally fall off, the hoverboard will immediately power off.
ARCA released two videos showing Dumitru Popecu, ARCA CEO, piloting the hoverboard using body movements. The device is available for purchase on ARCA website at a price of $14,900 and was scheduled to ship starting April 2016. The charging dock and spare parts are sold separately.
Specifications.
From ARCA Space Corporation website


Mapo Bridge

The Mapo Bridge crosses the Han River in South Korea and connects the Mapo District and the Yeongdeungpo District in the city of Seoul. The bridge was completed in 1970. Until 1984, the bridge was called Seoul Bridge.
Suicides.
The suicide rate is very high in South Korea and bridge jumping is common. Mapo Bridge has a reputation of jumpers with over 100 attempts in between 2007 and 2012.
On July 26, 2013, Sung Jae-ki jumped off Mapo Bridge in an attempt to draw attention to gender inequality against men and a plea to accrue needed funds for 'Men of Korea'. Although rescue work began almost immediately after he fell and a widespread search of the Han River was conducted, his body was not found until July 29, 2013.
Samsung Life Insurance added pictures, words, and a statue to encourage potential jumpers not to jump. For instance, the bridge's handrails were equipped with motion sensors to sense movement, lighting up with short phrases (written with the help of suicide prevention specialists and psychologists), also showing photos of happy families among other things.
However, in 2015 after the slogans were shown not to help, Samsung started to remove the lights and slogans. By October 9, 2019 all their suicide prevention slogans and lights were removed, with the bridge instead being equipped with barrier protection for potential jumpers.


Chitgar Metro Station

Chitgar Metro Station is a station in Tehran Metro Line 5. It is located north of Tehran-Karaj Freeway and near Chitgar Park. It is between Azadi Stadium Metro Station and Iran Khodro Metro Station.


Sarsabz Metro Station

Sarsabz Metro Station is a station in Tehran Metro Line 2. It is located near Resalat Square. It is between Elm-o-Sanat University Metro Station and Janbazan Metro Station.


Barneveld Zuid railway station

Barneveld Zuid (English: "Barneveld South") is a railway station in the south of Barneveld, Netherlands. The station opened on 2 February 2015 and is located on the Nijkerk–Ede-Wageningen railway, also known as the Valleilijn. The train services are operated by Connexxion.
Train services.
, the following local train services call at this station:


Cullion railway station

Disambiguation: Cullion (Kinawley)
Cullion railway station served Cullion, County Tyrone in Northern Ireland.
It was opened by the Donegal Railway Company on 6 August 1900. It became an unmanned halt in July 1924.
It closed on 1 January 1955.


Holiday Report

Holiday Report (German: Urlaubsreport - Worüber Reiseleiter nicht sprechen dürfen) is a 1971 West German comedy film directed by Ernst Hofbauer and starring Sybil Danning, Astrid Frank and Werner Abrolat. It was produced by Wolf C. Hartwig's Rapid Film, in an attempt to capitalise on the success of the company's hit "Schoolgirl Report" series.


Don Dykins

Donald Dykins (January 1928 - 31 January 2016) FRAeS was a British aerodynamicist.
Early life.
He was born in Bedwellty in south-east Wales.
Career.
Hawker Siddeley Aviation.
He became deputy chief aerodynamicist of Hawker Siddeley, working on the Hawker Siddeley Trident. For aerodynamics, Hawker Siddeley Aviation won the 1976 Queen's Award for Technological Achievement, known as the Queen's Award for Enterprise: Innovation (Technology).
British Aerospace.
He became the Chief Aerodynamicist of British Aerospace, and the technical director for the civil aircraft division, working with Chief Engineer David McRae.
Became well known for work on the Europa Aircraft.
Personal life.
He married in 1953 in Sheffield; they had three sons (born 1956, 1959, and 1968) and one daughter (born 1960). He became a Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society in May 1994. He died in January 2016, aged 88. His funeral was held on 11 February 2016.


Dunkettle railway station

Dunkettle railway station was a railway station to the east of Cork in Ireland. It was originally opened on 10 November 1859 and was closed in 1966.
In the early 21st century, it was proposed to reopen a station at Dunkettle on the Cobh line of the Cork Suburban Rail project. These plans were refused planning permission in 2009.


Dunshaughlin railway station

Dunshaughlin railway station is a proposed railway station intended to serve the town of Dunshaughlin in County Meath.
The station had been planned to be built as part of the second phase of reinstatement of the Clonsilla-Navan line. However, as of 2012, these plans were deferred due to the reduction in the Exchequer capital investment programme. Dunshauglin was intended to be the first station on the Phase 2 section of the route, after the M3 Parkway park and ride station. The proposed route plans include 34 km of railway line, with stations at Dunshaughlin, Kilmessan, Navan town centre and a further station on the northern edge of Navan.
Location.
The route for Phase 2 was not to be finalised until March 2009; it was intended that for the most part it would follow the disused route to Navan. However, there was debate over the location of Dunshauglin station. Iarnród Éireann, the Irish rail operator, favoured the existing route, which carries the railway line approximately 1.5 km to the west of the town, on the other side of the Dunshauglin interchange of the M3 motorway. A group of local developers in County Meath expressed a preference to see the railway line realigned to the east, putting the station within walking distance of the town, then proceeding via a bridge over the motorway back to the original rail alignment.


Towpath Action Group

The Towpath Action Group (TAG) is a waterway society in the United Kingdom, campaigning for better access to towpaths.
History.
The group started in Manchester in 1987 after Don Lee, working as a part-time tutor, took groups of students from the Manchester Workers' Education Association on walks to explore the canals of the city. The series was called "Byways and Backwaters of Manchester", and one of the first visits was to a flight of nine locks on the Rochdale Canal, where the towpath had been restored by a Community Task Force. Some weeks later, a return visit found that a wall had been built across the towpath, preventing access, and the group decided to take action. The conducted a towpath access survey for the whole length of the canal, and produced a report on their findings. The report was ready for publication in 1988, as the WEA course drew to a close, and several members of the group thought it was appropriate to carry on monitoring the situation. The report was published as "Trouble on the Towpath", in time to coincide with the Inland Waterways Association's 1988 National Rally at Castlefield, and the group became the Towpath Action Group.
Aims.
The group is continuing to campaign for continuous towpaths with good access. The work has expanded further afield, and members of TAG are regularly consulted by British Waterways and Defra. One founder member was appointed to a statutory body, the Inland Waterways Amenity and Advisory Council (IWAAC), and another member sits on the Inland Waterways Association's Restoration Committee.
TAG aims to build up good relations with walkers, ramblers, cyclists, anglers, horseboaters and other towpath users, and environmental organisations.
In 2001, the group presented a report entitled "Walking in Towns and Cities" to the House of Commons Select Committee on Environment, Transport and Regional Affair, presenting a case for increased use of urban towpaths, and ideas for funding their maintenance.


Kviven Tunnel

The Kviven Tunnel () is a long road tunnel through the mountain "Kviven", along the European route E39 highway. The tunnel is located in Volda Municipality in Møre og ROmsdal county, Norway. The eastern end of the tunnel is at Kalvatn, just east of the village of Fyrde and the western end is at the village of Grodås.
The tunnel was approved for construction in 2008 and it was completed in 2012. The tunnel was officially opened on 22 September 2012 by Liv Signe Navarsete, the Norwegian Minister of Local Government and Regional Development. The tunnel is part of a new ferry-free route for the E39 highway.


Manuel Montt metro station

Manuel Montt is an underground metro station on the Line 1 of the Santiago Metro, in Santiago, Chile. It was opened on 22 August 1980 as part of the metro extension from Salvador to Escuela Militar. Initially its walls were covered with stoneware ceramic tiles of blue and orange colors, some of which loosen or fall off as a consequence of the 2010 Chile earthquake. The total replacement of its wall tiles is underway.


Lokomo

Oy Lokomo Ab was a Finnish manufacturer of railroad equipment and steam locomotives, situated in Tampere, Finland. The company was founded in 1915 by a group of Finnish businesspeople, including Jalmar Castrén and Emil Aaltonen. The Lokomo factories in Tampere produced the MIR submersibles for the Soviet Academy of Sciences. They later merged into the Metso Corporation.


Chit Lom BTS station

Chit Lom station (, , ) is a BTS skytrain station, on the Sukhumvit Line in Pathum Wan District, Bangkok, Thailand. The station is located on Phloen Chit Road at Chit Lom intersection to Lang Suan and Chit Lom Road. It is also linked by Skybridge directly to Central Chidlom department store, and Sky Walk to Ratchaprasong intersection where Central World, Gaysorn Plaza and Erawan Shrine is situated next to Pratunam clothing market within walking distance from the intersection. The Sky Walk also links the station with Siam station, with cluster of luxury shops in Siam Square and Siam Paragon shopping mall.


Eglisau railway station

Eglisau railway station () is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Zurich and municipality of Eglisau. The station is located on the Winterthur to Koblenz line, at that line's junction with the Eglisau to Neuhausen line. Both lines are owned by Swiss Federal Railways. It is served by Zürich S-Bahn lines S9, between Zürich and Schaffhausen, and S36, between Bülach and Koblenz.
The railway crosses the Eglisau railway bridge over the Rhine, between Eglisau and the next station, Hüntwangen-Wil on the Eglisau to Neuhausen line.
Services.
 the following services stop at Eglisau:


Bukit Tinggi Southern Loop Road

The Bukit Tinggi Southern Loop Road, Jalan Baru Berjaya Hills Resort, Federal Route 436, is an institutional facilities federal road in Berjaya Hills Resort, Bukit Tinggi, Pahang, Malaysia. It is a main route to the Berjaya Hills Golf Club and Club House, Meranti Park Suites and Rabbit Park of the Berjaya Hills Resort and also a main route to the Institut Latihan Kesejahteraan Bandar, Perumahaan dan Kerajaan Tempatan (ILKBPKT), a training centre of the Ministry of Urban Wellbeing, Housing and Local Government.
The Kilometre Zero is located at the Berjaya Hills Resort South.
The road was constructed by Gadang Engineering (M) Sdn Bhd on 2002 and was completed on 2004.
At most sections, the Federal Route 436 was built under the JKR R5 road standard, allowing maximum speed limit of up to 50 km/h.


Waltham Town Lock

Waltham Town Lock (No 11) is a lock on the River Lee Navigation at Waltham Cross, Hertfordshire. The lock is located in the River Lee Country Park which is part of the Lee Valley Park. The adjoining Showground site now known as the Broxbourne White Water Canoe Centre has been chosen to host the canoeing event in the 2012 Summer Olympics.
Flowing close to the lock is the River Lee Flood Relief Channel known as the Horsemill Stream at this point.
Public access.
Vehicular access from A121 Station road to car parking close to lock.
Pedestrian and cycle access via the towpath which forms part of the Lea Valley Walk
Public transport.
Waltham Cross railway station
Bus services; 211, 212, 213, 240, 250, 251, 506.


Coachford railway station

Coachford railway station was on the Cork and Muskerry Light Railway in County Cork, Ireland.
History.
The station opened on 19 March 1888.
Passenger services were withdrawn on 31 December 1934.


Mlcl railway station

Mlcl railway station
() is located in Pakistan.


Orestiada railway station

Orestiada railway station (), is a railway station that serves the town of Orestiada, in Evros, in Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, Greece. Located from the center of Orestiada, on the eastern edge of the town. The station was open by OSE in 1996, at a cost of €4.5 million. Today TrainOSE operates just 4 daily Regional trains to Alexandroupoli. The station is unstaffed however there are waiting rooms available.
History.
The station was built the mid-1990s, to replace an older station (built in 1928), and officially inaugurated on 16 September 1996. At the time, the line saw a large amount of commercial and passenger traffic and was the fourth busiest and third largest station in Northern Greece. In 2009, with the Greek debt crisis unfolding OSE's Management was forced to reduce services across the network. Timetables were cutback and routes closed, as the government-run entity attempted to reduce overheads. Services from Orestiada to Alexandroupoli were cut back to three trains a day, reducing the reliability of services, and passenger numbers. With passenger footfall in sharp decline, the station building was closed, and mothballed, less than 15 years after it first opened. On 11 February 2011, all cross border routes were closed and international services (to Istanbul, Sofia, etc.) were ended. Thus, only two routes now connect Orestiada with Thessaloniki and Athens (and those with a connection to Alex / Polis), while route time increased as the network was "upgraded". Services to/from Ormenio were replaced by bus. The route time increased and reached by 2014 up to 2 hours 20 mins for Alexandroupolis and 9 hours for Thessaloniki.
With usage down, the station suffered repeated attacks from vandalism, with the station clock and the Greek flag stolen, and the walls covered in graffiti. The canopies became shelters for immigrants entering from Turkey, the overpass filled syringes, even some broken windows and benches. However, the main building was left secured.
In 2014, the station building was refurbished and reopened after being closed for 3 years.
Facilities.
The station is (as of 2020) unstaffed, however the waiting rooms remain open. The entrance is equipped with wheelchair ramps and parking in the forecourt.
Services.
, the station is only served by two daily pairs of regional trains Alexandroupoli–Ormenio. The station is served by long distance KTEL bus’s.


Grindleford Bridge

Grindleford Bridge is a grade II listed stone bridge spanning the River Derwent in Grindleford, Derbyshire. The bridge is also a scheduled monument.
History.
The bridge, which was built using sandstone ashlar, dates back to c1758, with later adjustments made in the 18th Century. The current bridge replaced an earlier wooden structure which was first referenced in 1577.


Ballyshannon railway station (County Donegal Railways)

Ballyshannon (CDJ) railway station served Ballyshannon in County Donegal, Ireland.
The station opened on 21 September 1905 as the terminus of the Donegal Railway Company line from Donegal to Ballyshannon.
It closed on 1 January 1960.


China National Highway 207

China National Highway 207 (G207) runs from Ulanhot, Inner Mongolia to Hai'an, Guangdong. It is in length and runs south from Xilinhot through Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi, Henan, Hubei, Guangxi, and ends in Guangdong.


Saul Kaplun

Saul Kaplun (July 3, 1924 Lwów, Poland now Lviv, Ukraine – February 13, 1964, Pasadena, California, U.S.A.) was a Polish-American aerodynamicist at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech).
Family.
Kaplun was the only child of Jewish immigrants from Poland, Morris J. Kaplun (February 12, 1888 Kamenetz-Podolsk, Ukraine – ?), a textile businessman and industrialist
and a prominent Zionist philanthropist beginning in the 1930s, and Betty (Bettina) Kaplun (? – 1963). Saul and his parents, who were refugees from Nazi persecution, lived in Lwów until 1939, when they fled Poland; they immigrated to New York shortly before World War II. He became a naturalized American citizen in 1944 and served in the United States Navy from 1944 to 1946.
Upon his death at age 39 of a heart attack, three months after his mother's death, Saul Kaplun left behind a grieving father, who sought to perpetuate his son's memory by endowing several educational projects in Israel and the United States.
At the dedication ceremony of one of the institutions he funded, at Tel Aviv University, Morris Kaplun himself "learned for the first time just how important a man [his son] was in his field. The late Dr. Saul Kaplun… left behind 'a roomful of manuscripts' which Prof. Paco Lagerstrom, of the California Institute of Technology, who spoke at the dedication, said contained 'a wealth of scientific ideas far outweighing his published work'."
Career.
Saul Kaplun received his PhD in 1954 under the advisorship of Paco Langerstrom at the California Institute of Technology with his thesis dissertation "The role of coordinate systems in boundary layer theory". Kaplun and Langerstrom later collaborated on and published an article together and Langerstrom edited Kaplun's papers for publication as a monograph after the latter's death.
Kaplun spent his entire academic career, a total of 20 years, at Caltech and received four degrees there. He became a research fellow in aeronautics upon completing his PhD in 1954 and was a senior research fellow in aeronautics the Caltech faculty from 1957 until his death.
At a memorial ceremony at Caltech held that same year, Dr. Clark Blanchard Millikan, Caltech professor of aeronautics, stated, "Saul Kaplun's very special hallmark as a scientist was his unusual intuition. He lived with a problem till he 'saw' the solution. This enabled him to understand the essence of some fundamental problems but also made it difficult for others to understand his work. His work could in general not be explained by discursive reasoning; one had to make an effort to share his intuitive thinking."
In the ceremony, Millikan also noted that "Saul Kaplun's work played a decisive role in the development of applied mathematics at the California Institute."
Caltech President Lee Alvin DuBridge eulogized at the same ceremony, "Saul Kaplun had a brilliant analytical and creative mind and made many profound and original contributions to the theory of fluid mechanics. He was an applied mathematician of extraordinary ability and had already won wide and admiring recognition for his work."
Publications.
Dr. Millikan stated at the 1964 Caltech ceremony, "Few publications bear his name as author… however, in very many publications by others the author expresses his thanks to Saul Kaplun for having contributed some fundamental ideas to the work, or states that he has used methods due to Kaplun. By now his work has won world-wide recognition among specialists."
After Kaplun's untimely death, his published papers and much of his unpublished work were edited by his former PhD advisor, Lagerstrom, and by Louis Norberg Howard of MIT and Ching-shi Liu of Caltech and were published in 1967 in book form under the title "Fluid Mechanics and Singular Perturbation, a Collection of Papers by Saul Kaplun".
Kaplun's work has been cited and extolled by colleagues and authors in the field. Robert Edmund O'Malley wrote, "The work of Kaplun and Lagerstrom at Caltech in the 1950s was especially important to the development of matched expansions and its applications to fluid mechanics."
Sunil Datta wrote, "Singular perturbation method… It was left to the genius of Saul Kaplun (1957) to recognize the analogy between the theory of flow at small Reynolds number and boundary layer theory and to apply to it the singular perturbation method."
Theses.
Engineer's thesis, California Institute of Technology (1951) "Dimensional analysis of the inflation process of parachute canopies." doi:10.7907/25MM-HY18.
Legacy.
Morris Kaplun's philanthropy included funding of the Saul Kaplun Institute of Applied Mathematics and Space Physics at Tel Aviv University, Israel, consecrated in February 1966, which was attended by Prof. Paco Lagerstrom and others; and of the Saul Kaplun Building for Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel dedicated a month later in the presence of the university president, Eliahu Eilat.
Morris Kaplun also established a memorial fellowship which funds graduate research in applied mathematics and is awarded in perpetuity in his son's name at Caltech.
The father wrote a short book about his son: My Son Saul: Saul Kaplun, July 3, 1924 – February 13, 1964, in Memoriam, published in 1965.


Clay Blair

Clay Drewry Blair Jr. (May 1, 1925 – December 16, 1998) was an American journalist and author, best known for his books on military history. Blair wrote some two dozen history books and hundreds of magazine articles that reached a popular audience.
Early life and military service.
Blair was born in Lexington, Virginia.
Blair enlisted in the United States Navy in 1943, during World War II. During 1944 he attended Basic Enlisted Submarine School followed by Quartermaster Class A School, after which he was assigned to "Sperry" (AS-12), a submarine tender.
During 1945, Blair was posted to the fleet submarine "Guardfish" (SS-217). He was on that boat's last two war patrols off Japan.
Blair served on "Guardfish" into 1946, after the war was over, then was discharged from the Navy. His highest rank was Quartermaster 2nd Class.
Education and journalism career.
Blair attended both Tulane University and Columbia University. He attended the first as a prospective architecture student, but decided instead to go to New York and attend the Columbia School of Journalism. In the end he graduated from neither institution.
Blair later wrote for "Time" and "Life" magazines. At Time-Life during the 1950s he covered the Pentagon, focusing on issues of national security and nuclear weapons policy.
Over the years, Blair worked for the Curtis Publishing Company as both a correspondent and an editor. In particular he became editor-in-chief of "The Saturday Evening Post" during the early 1960s. During his stint there, he made an emphasis of publishing exclusive reports but also faced a series of libel suits, at least one of which was successful. Beginning in 1962, Blair was also in editorial charge of all of Curtis Publishing's other magazines in addition to the "Post", and held the titles of executive vice president and directory. He departed Curtis Publishing in 1964 during a struggle for control of the company.
Following that, he became a full-time freelance writer. He lived in Wisconsin but often travel to various locations to research materials for his books.
He was for many years married to Joan Blair, who co-wrote some of his books. Prior to that marriage he was married to Agnes Kemp Devereux Blair, with whom he had seven children. That marriage resulted in a divorce.
Historian.
One of Blair's first books, "The Hydrogen Bomb: The Men, The Menace, The Mechanism" (1954), was co-written with "Time"s Washington bureau chief, James R. Shepley, and provoked considerable controversy at the time with its charges that the U.S. development of the hydrogen bomb had been intentionally delayed by some scientists led by J. Robert Oppenheimer and that the Los Alamos Laboratory had been infiltrated by Communists. While the book was positively reviewed across a large number of newspapers and magazines at the time of publication, several scientists who had worked at Los Alamos on the bomb's development soon issued statements refuting its narrative. Interviews conducted during the mid-to-late-1950s (but not published until many decades later) showed almost no scientists speaking well of the book, even those portrayed favorably within it. Subsequent scholarship has established that the Shepley and Blair account was largely inaccurate and was guided by stark H-bomb proponent, and Oppenheimer antagonist, Lewis Strauss.
Blair later earned trust as a collaborator when he assisted General Omar Bradley in the writing of his autobiography, "A General's Life" (1983), published after the general's death.
Blair's history of the Korean War "The Forgotten War: America in Korea, 1950–1953" (1987) is considered one of the definitive historical works on the war. This work was notable for its criticism of senior American political and military leaders. Blair criticizes President Harry S. Truman and his Secretary of Defense, Louis A. Johnson, for failing to maintain the military's readiness in the years immediately following World War II. His history, while comprehensive, primarily employs a top-down perspective, with less emphasis on individual soldiers than on larger operational issues and the perspectives of general and field-grade officers. He has also been criticized by some historians for not making sufficient use of Communist sources.
Blair also wrote extensively on the submarine war of World War II, notably in the bestselling "Silent Victory: The U.S. Submarine War Against Japan" (1975), considered the definitive work on the Pacific submarine war.
"Silent Victory" was also Blair's most popular book. It, and several other of this works, were selected by various kinds of book of the month clubs, a target audience that Blair and his wife aimed at.
Blair's last books were "Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunters, 1939–1942" (1996), followed by "Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunted, 1942–1945" (1998). The first of these was criticized by Gary E. Weir of the U.S. Naval Historical Center. Weir pointed out the lack of footnotes in the text, Blair's inability to read German and dependence on translations, his failure to consult the German Federal Military Archives or Michael Salawski's book "Die deutsche Seekriegsleitung, 1935-1945" as well as his "painfully obvious bias in favor of the U.S. Navy, and expressions of stereotypical sarcasm aimed at the French and Italians." Weir said that Blair "missed the point" by failing to appreciate the "technically and strategically revolutionary" nature of the Type XXI U-boat and preferring to focus on "solvable engineering problems". Weir dismissed Blair's fundamental assumptions and theses on the German Navy as primitive and anachronistic and called "Hitler's U-Boat War" a "handicapped chronicle".
Novelist.
Blair also published fiction, such as "Pentagon Country" (1970). His novels tended to have military settings and focus on themes of ambition and hypocrisy.
Death.
Blair died on Washington Island, Wisconsin, of a heart attack.
Books by Clay Blair.
Source:
Virtual Exhibits: Clay Blair, Jr.


JS Makinami

 is the third vessel of the "Takanami" class destroyers of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF).
"Makinami" was authorized under the Medium-term Defense Buildup Plan of 1996, and was built by IHI Marine United shipyards in Yokohama. She was laid down on 17 July 2001, launched on 8 August 2002. She was commissioned into service on 18 March 2004. and was initially assigned to the JMSDF Escort Flotilla 2 based at Sasebo.
Service.
"Makinami", along with the fleet oiler "Towada" were assigned to the Indian Ocean in November 2006 to provide assistance in refueling anti-terrorist coalition forces in Afghanistan as part of Operation Enduring Freedom. She returned to Japan in March 2007.
In November 2010, "Makinami", along with the destroyer "Satogiri", was dispatched to Aden, Yemen to participate in anti-piracy escort operations off the coast of Somalia. The destroyer was part of the sixth rotation of JMSDF vessels patrolling in this region. She undertook 28 sorties, returning to Japan on January 11, 2011.
On 15 March 2011, she was reassigned to the JMSDF Escort Flotilla 3, based at Ōminato in Aomori Prefecture.
On 13 August 2012 "Makinami" was dispatched to Aden again, together with the destroyer "Yugiri", to resume anti-piracy escort operations off the coast of Somalia. The context for this extended deployment off the Horn of Africa was the "Law on the Penalization of Acts of Piracy and Measures Against Acts of Piracy (Anti-Piracy Measures Law)". Approximately 2,000 merchant ships with ties to Japan, Japan-flagged or operated by Japanese firms pass through the busy shipping zone each year.
"Makinami" returned to Yokosuka on 11 February 2013 and remains assigned to the Third Squadron of the JMSDF Escort Flotilla 3.
In October 2013, "Makinami" participated in the International Fleet Review 2013 in Sydney, Australia.


Our Hearts Were Young and Gay (film)

Our Hearts Were Young and Gay is a 1944 American comedy film directed by Lewis Allen and written by Sheridan Gibney. It was based on the real life reminiscences of the comic misadventures of Emily Kimbrough and Cornelia Otis Skinner in their book "Our Hearts Were Young and Gay". The film stars Gail Russell, Diana Lynn, Charlie Ruggles, Dorothy Gish, Beulah Bondi, Bill Edwards and James Brown. After its premiere in New York on October 12, 1944, "Our Hearts Were Young and Gay" went into general release.
Plot.
In 1923, on the eve of the high school graduation, a pair of teenage girls, Cornelia Otis Skinner (Gail Russell) and Emily Kimbrough (Diana Lynn) are crestfallen when Emily contracts measles and cannot attend the dance. Cornelia, daughter of famous actor Otis Skinner (Charlie Ruggles), also bemoans the fact that "heartthrob," Avery Moore (James Brown), ignores her, and is about to leave on a European trip.
Emily suggests they both go to Europe, and without a chaperone. On the same boat as Avery, Cornelia accepts a date from him to go to a dance on the ship, while Emily meets Tom Newhall (Bill Edwards), a handsome young doctor and bachelor. Their romantic intentions go awry when Cornelia comes down with measles, and Tom agrees to use makeup to mask the spots, but she does not want to tell Avery about her infection.
When the ship reaches London, Cornelia's parents, who had traveled on another cruise ship, meet the two girls. At a tour of Hampton Court Palace in Paris, Cornelia spots Avery and the two young people reunite, but after kissing her, Avery comes down with measles. Cornelia and Emily head off for Paris to sight see on their own.
After getting trapped on a balcony at Notre Dame Cathedral, the girls drop articles of clothing to try to get the attention of passersby, to no avail. When Cornelia and Emily finally return to their hotel in their slips, they encounter Mr. Skinner's friend, actor Monsieur Darnet (Georges Renavent), and his friend, Pierre Cambouille (Roland Varno). To help them, the gentlemen escort them inside, but Avery thinks the worst and hits Cambouille. A brawl erupts just as Mr. and Mrs. Skinner arrive from England, and Mr. Skinner insists that it is time for his daughter to return home. After bidding fond farewells to Avery and Tom, Cornelia and Emily board the ship home, ending their European misadventures.
Production.
Principal photography on "Our Hearts Were Young and Gay" began on August 24, 1943 and continued until October 21, 1943. Added scenes began shooting on November 10, 1943. Although Cornelia Otis Skinner and Emily Kimbrough, on whose memoirs the film is based, worked on the script, they were not credited, although Emily did have a "bit" part in the film.
In casting, a number of actors were considered including Katharine Hepburn to play Cornelia, with Jane Withers and Mimi Chandler also tested for roles in the film.
Reception.
Film critic Armond White (A.W.) in reviewing "Our Hearts Were Young and Gay" for "The New York Times" said, "Obviously not designed to deliver a message, "Our Hearts Were Young and Gay", Paramount's film version of the Cornelia Otis Skinner-Emily Kimbrough book of remembrances of hectic things past, lives up to its title. Blithely recalling the trip abroad made by those ladies when they were in their impressionable 'teens, its story is as light as a marshmallow and sometimes as cloyingly sweet. Although the picture's foreword coyly denies that it is intended as a period piece, it very often uses the devices of dated clothes and manners to garner laughs. If the film occasionally stumbles on its merry way, blame it on those arid humorless stretches when "Our Hearts Were Young and Gay" becomes more young than gay. Generally, however, the producers have fused the effervescence of youth with rosy-tinted nostalgia to make an amusing and satisfying entertainment."
In 1945, although a news item in "The Hollywood Reporter" indicated that Skinner and Kimbrough took legal action against Paramount to prevent a sequel to "Our Hearts Were Young and Gay", a judge ruled in favor of the studio. In the sequel, "Our Hearts Were Growing Up" (1946), Gail Russell, Diana Lynn, James Brown and Bill Edwards reprised their roles.


Fengjie Yangtze River Bridge

The Fengjie Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge which crosses the Yangtze River in Fengjie, Chongqing, China. Completed in 2005, it carries 4 lanes of traffic on the S201 provincial road. The bridges main span measures which places it among the longest cable-stayed spans in the world. The bridge was constructed above the original river however the reservoir created by the Three Gorges Dam has increased the height of the water below the bridge and the clearance is vastly reduced.


Bantry Town railway station

Bantry Town railway station was on the Cork and Bandon Railway in County Cork, Ireland.
History.
The station opened on 22 October 1892.
Regular passenger services were withdrawn on 1 April 1961.


New Zealand Nomads

The Nomads are a large organised Maori criminal gang based in Wellington, New Zealand.
History.
The Nomads were originally members of the Black Power, known as the "Black Power Nomads", before a large portion of the gang split and formed their own gang in 1977.
In 1997, tensions heated up with the Highway 61 gang and resulted in the murder of Nomad Malcom Munns.
In 2009, Nomads founder and President Dennis Hines died. He is the brother of senior Head Hunters member, William Hines.
He was imprisoned on a count of nearly 100 criminal convictions.
The gang had 103 members in prison in 2013.
Paul Rodgers (Porky Rimene) is the Nomad gang boss.


State Highway 5 (West Bengal)

State Highway 5 (West Bengal) is a state highway in West Bengal, India.
Route.
SH 5 originates from Rupnarayanpur and passes through Salanpur, Neamatpur, Dishergarh, Par Beliya, Raghunathpur, Bongabari, Purulia, Kenda, Manbazar, Bandwan, Jhilimili, Belpahari, Silda, Binpur, Dahijuri, Jhargram, Lodhasuli, Kharagpur, Salua, Keshiary, Belda, Dhaneswarpur, Egra, Contai and terminates at Junput.
The total length of SH 5 is 376 km.
Districts traversed by SH 5 are:
Paschim Bardhaman district (0 - 22 km)Purulia district (22 – 183 km)Bankura district (183 – 186 km)Paschim Medinipur district (186 – 333 km)Purba Medinipur district (333 – 376 km)
Road sections.
It is divided into different sections as follows:


Giulio Agricola (Rome Metro)

Giulio Agricola is an underground station on Line A of the Rome Metro. It is located on Via Tuscolana, on the junction with Viale Giulio Agricola and Viale Marco Fulvio Nobiliore, in an area where roads and squares are named after Roman commanders and consuls.
The station is the setting for the short film "Ultimo Metro" with Debora Calì.


Terminal Alvorada

Terminal Alvorada is a bus station in Barra da Tijuca in the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro. The terminal was renovated in 2013.
Services.
The terminal is an integrated BRT station servicing the TransOeste and TransCarioca lines. The station is open 24 hours a day.


Portlaoise


SP-97

 SP-97 is a state highway in the state of São Paulo in Brazil.


Breng

Breng is the name of a public transportation concept in the Stadsregio Arnhem–Nijmegen in the Netherlands.
Novio (a branch of Connexxion) was the operator from 13 December 2009, for a period of 3 years. On 9 December 2012 Hermes, another branch of Connexxion, became the operator in the region and continues to operate as Breng.


Second Wanzhou Yangtze River Bridge

The Second Wanzhou Yangtze River Bridge (万州长江二桥) is a suspension bridge over the Yangtze River in Wanzhou District of Chongqing, China. Completed in 2004, it has a main span of places it among the longest suspension spans in the world.
Accidents.
On , a bus plunged off the Second Wanzhou Yangtze River Bridge into the Yangtze River, resulting in 13 deaths and 2 missing, without anybody confirmed alive.


Port of Belawan

Belawan () is a harbor in Medan, Indonesia. Located on the northeast coast of Sumatra, Belawan is Indonesia's busiest seaport outside of Java. It constitutes the most northerly of the city of Medan's 21 administrative districts ("kecamatan"), and covers an area of 29.44 km2; at the 2010 Census it had a population of 95,506.
There are weekly passenger ships operated by Pelni from Medan to Tanjung Balai Karimun, Batam, Riau Islands and Tanjung Priok, Jakarta
A regular ferry service connects Belawan to across the Strait of Malacca to Penang, Malaysia; at times there was a ferry that also ran from Belawan to Phuket, Thailand and to Langkawi, Malaysia.
History.
The port was initially built in 1890, to provide a location where tobacco could be transferred directly between rail lines from the interior and deep-draft ships. The harbor expanded in 1907 with the construction of a new section intended for Chinese and indigenous traders, reserving the existing port for European shipping. In the early twentieth century the port's business expanded, with the growth of major rubber and palm oil plantations in northern Sumatra. In the 1920s several major berthing facilities were built.
In 1938, the port was the largest port in the Dutch East Indies, in terms of cargo value. Cargo volumes dropped substantially after Indonesian independence, and did not reach pre-independence levels again until the mid-1960s. A major restructuring in 1985 saw the construction of a container terminal; it almost immediately captured about one-fifth of Indonesia's containerized exports. Major products exported include rubber, palm oil, tea, and coffee.
In early 2013, Belawan Port can serve 1.2 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs) per year and still gradually expands to 2 million TEUs with Rp.975 billion ($89.7 million) fund.


Karavaevi Dachi railway station

Karavaevi Dachi is railway station in Kyiv, Ukraine.


Nandni tunnels

Nandni tunnels are the series of four highway tunnels built under Nandni wild life sanctuary on Jammu-Srinagar National Highway in Udhampur district, Jammu and Kashmir. At a combined length of 1.4 km, (coordinates: )
The tunnels have reduced the distance and travel time between Jammu and Srinagar by bypassing 6.8 km of rugged Mountainous area with 3.6 km of with straight bridges and tunnels.
They were built by Afcons Infrastructure a subsidiary of the Shapoorji Pallonji Group.


Koudum-Molkwerum railway station

Koudum-Molkwerum is a railway station located near Molkwerum and Koudum, Netherlands. The station was opened on 28 November 1885 and is on the Leeuwarden - Stavoren railway line. The train service is operated by Arriva. The station was closed between 15 May 1938 and 1 June 1940. The platform at this station is only 90 meters long and therefore the shortest of all train platforms in the country.


Jalan Cheeding

Jalan Cheeding (Selangor state route B60) is a major road in Selangor, Malaysia


SP-306 (Brazil)

 SP-306 is a state highway in the state of São Paulo in Brazil.


Queen Elizabeth II Bridge, Belfast

The Queen Elizabeth ll Bridge is a bridge in Belfast, Northern Ireland. It should not be confused with the adjacent Queen's Bridge. It is one of eight bridges over the Lagan in the city. It was built in the 1960s.
History.
In 1966 Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip opened the "Queen Elizabeth II bridge". Within Belfast City Council there had been disputes over the name of the new bridge, which they had originally wanted to be called "Carson's Bridge". During the visit a brick was dropped from a high building onto the bonnet of the Royal car and a bottle was thrown at the car in Royal Avenue by a female onlooker.


Japan National Route 243

National Route 243 is a national highway of Japan connecting Abashiri, Hokkaidō and Nemuro, Hokkaidō in Japan, with a total length of 173.1 km (107.56 mi).


Bernina Lagalb railway station

Bernina Lagalb railway station is a railway station in the municipality of Pontresina, in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. It is located on the Bernina line of the Rhaetian Railway.
The station has three through tracks, only two of which are served by its two platforms and station building. The lower station of the cableway to Piz Lagalb is some away.
The station was opened in 1962, at the same time as the adjacent cable car. The station is situated on the lowest part of a deviation created in 1934, when the line as far as the Arlas Gallery was moved to the west side of the valley in order to avoid the risk of avalanches. Before that date, the line ran alongside the road and a memorial on the old route honours eight railway workers who lost their lives in an avalanche in 1920.
Services.
The following services stop at Bernina Lagalb:


Golshahr Metro Station

Golshahr Metro Station is the former western end of Tehran Metro Line 5. It is located in Mehrshahr in southwest of Karaj. In December 2019 Line 5 has been extended further west beyond this station to Hashtgerd.


Livoberezhna line (Kyiv Light Rail)

The Livoberezhna line () is the second line of the Kyiv Light Rail system, which serves Kyiv's Troieschyna neighborhood on the city's left bank. It was originally opened on May 26, 2000, rebuilt from 2010–2012, and reopened again on October 25, 2012.
At one point, the Kyiv City Administration proposed extending the Kyiv Metro system to Troieschyna by creating the Livoberezhna line, although this proposal was scrapped in 2014 in favor of keeping the light rail system.
List of stations.
The Livoberezhna line consists of a total of seven full stations, and seven tram stops, which are served by the Kyiv Light Rail's fourth and fifth routes. It contains a total of of track. The line is serviced by the Darnytsia tram depot. Listed from north to south, the stations are:


Roll On Big Mama

"Roll On Big Mama" is a song written by Dan Darst, and recorded by American country music artist Joe Stampley. It was released January 1975 as the first single from the album "Joe Stampley". The song was Stampley's second number one on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of ten weeks on the country chart. The song was written by Dan Darst.
Song Background.
The song is one of many, in the country genre, that salute the American truck driver.


Tana Bridge

The Tana Bridge () is a bridge from 1948, that crosses the Tana River in Troms og Finnmark, Norway. It is located in a village also called "Tana bru".
In 2020 a bridge was opened 100 meters to the south, and its nickname is "Nybrua".
The bridge from 1948.
The old bridge is 220 metres long, and the main span is 194 metres.
The old bridge was opened in 1948. There was a predecessor bridge that was destroyed on November 6, 1944 as a consequence of the Liberation of Finnmark during World War II.
Authorities intend to have the bridge demolished, and the municipality has not protested (as of 2020).
"Nybrua" (the bridge from 2020).
The new bridge which was opened for traffic on 15 September 2020 is a 260 meter long cable-stayed bridge with a main span of 234 meters.
It is the only bridge over the lowest 100 km of the Tana River, except for the old Tana bridge, located nearby which is planned to be demolished.


Otoyol 53

Otoyol 53 (), abbreviated as O-53, also known as Ceyhan-İskenderun Otoyolu (), is a toll motorway in Mediterranean Region, Turkey, connecting the Adana-Şanlıurfa Motorway O-52 with İskenderun. The motorway is part of international routes as European route E91 and Asian Highway 84.
The O-53 starts from Ceyhan in Adana Province at the junction of O-52, runs southward to İskenderun South bypassing the city in the east.


Palmerah railway station

Palmerah Station (PLM) is a railway station located in Jalan Tentara Pelajar, Gelora, Tanah Abang, Central Jakarta, near the Palmerah market. The station is located in the altitude of +13 meters above sea level, and only serves KRL Commuterline.
Palmerah Station was rebuilt in 2013–2014 and features a new two-storey station building. The old building was preserved and the new building straddles above it.
The Palmerah market and Parliament building is located adjacent to the station. The station services the Gelora Bung Karno Stadium and the surrounding sports complex.
Services.
The following is a list of train services at the Palmerah Station.


Breda-Prinsenbeek railway station

Breda-Prinsenbeek is a railway station located in Prinsenbeek near Breda, Netherlands. The station was opened in 1988 and is located on the Breda–Rotterdam railway. The station is currently operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen.
Destinations.
These are some of the destinations that are possible to reach from Breda-Prinsenbeek:
Breda, Dordrecht, Rotterdam and The Hague (Den Haag).
For more major destinations it is best to travel to Breda. These include:
Roosendaal, Tilburg, 's-Hertogenbosch, Nijmegen, Arnhem, Eindhoven, Helmond and Venlo. Travelling to Dordrecht will allow a connection on to a faster train to Rotterdam, The Hague, Leiden and Amsterdam.
Train services.
The following services currently call at Breda-Prinsenbeek:


Tukums I Station

Tukums I Station is a railway station on the Torņakalns – Tukums II Railway.


Tobalaba metro station

Tobalaba is a station on the Santiago Metro in Chile, the northern terminus of Line 4 and is the closest station to the Costanera Center.
The Line 1 station was opened on 22 August 1980 as part of the extension of the line from Salvador to Escuela Militar. It became an interchange station between Line 1 and the Line 4 on 30 November 2005, when the section of Line 4 between Tobalaba and Grecia was opened, and the appearance of the station was altered.


Best railway station

Best is a railway station located in Best, Netherlands.
The station is located on the Breda–Maastricht railway (State Line E) between Tilburg and Eindhoven. The station is operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen. The station is located in a tunnel and has four platforms.
History.
The station was opened on 1 July 1866. It closed on 15 May 1938 and re-opened on 10 June 1940. There have been several different station buildings over the years. The most recent building was finished in 2000, as part of the construction of two extra tracks between Eindhoven and Boxtel, bringing the total to four.
Train services.
The station is served by the following service(s):


Shirley Valentine (film)

Shirley Valentine is a 1989 British romantic comedy-drama film directed by Lewis Gilbert. The screenplay by Willy Russell is based on his 1986 one-character play of the same title, which follows middle-aged Shirley Valentine in an unexpected discovery of herself, and rekindling of her childhood dreams and youthful love of life.
Pauline Collins reprises the titular lead role as middle-aged housewife Shirley, which she had previously played in the stage production in London's West End and on Broadway, and Tom Conti plays Costas Dimitriades, the owner of a Greek tavern with whom she has a holiday romance.
Plot.
Shirley Valentine is a 42-year-old Liverpudlian bored housewife whose life and initially enriching marriage has settled into a narrow and unsatisfying rut, leaving few real friends and her childhood dreams unaccomplished. When her flamboyant friend Jane (Alison Steadman) wins a trip for two to Greece, Shirley uncharacteristically puts herself first and accepts Jane's invitation.
Shirley feels considerable self-doubt, and ultimately only goes because of unexpected encouragement from her neighbour Gillian (Julia McKenzie), who drops her air of superiority to reveal her respect and emotional support of Shirley's plans, and former school enemy Marjorie Majors (Joanna Lumley), who reveals she had in fact been envious of Shirley's rebellious role at school, and had become a high class prostitute rather than a prestigious air hostess.
Upon arrival, Jane immediately abandons Shirley for a holiday romance with a fellow passenger from their flight, leaving Shirley to set out on her own. She begins to see her fellow holidaymakers through new eyes, as she genuinely enjoys Greece while they want British food and stereotypical entertainment. She remains contentedly alone until she meets Costas Dimitriades (Conti), the owner of a nearby tavern, who helps her fulfil a dream of drinking wine by the seashore in the country where the grapes were grown, and later invites her to travel around the nearby islands for a day on his brother's boat. Costas promises not to try to seduce her, while nonetheless bolstering her self-confidence in her own attractiveness.
As Shirley prepares for the trip, Jane returns and begs for forgiveness for abandoning her; Jane is then stunned to find that Shirley has made plans on her own and will be going out with Costas imminently. Enjoying the day out, Shirley decides to swim in the sea; lacking a swimsuit, she swims naked instead with Costas joining her in the water. She realises that she does not want Costas to keep his promise. They kiss and later on the boat have very intense sex.
On her return, Jane believes that Shirley has fallen in love with Costas, but Shirley reveals to the audience that she has fallen in love with the idea of living. She spends more time with Costas, and at the airport turns back, and walks to Costas's tavern to find him attempting to seduce another tourist the same way. Costas is shocked to see Shirley after her departure, but she says she wants a job and is not upset at catching him in the act.
Shirley's husband Joe (Bernard Hill), who was angry and confused at her departure, waits for her return with a large armful of flowers. He is shocked and embarrassed to find Shirley chose to stay and is not on the plane, and repeatedly calls her, pleading and arguing for her to return, saying that it is her place and she is embarrassing him, or telling her that her actions result from a midlife crisis or menopause.
Shirley becomes more content with her new life. She also becomes a great success with narrow-minded holiday makers who want the same food as in Britain. Finally, their son tells Joe to go and get her instead of just phoning. Receiving a telegram about Joe's arrival, Costas makes excuses and leaves for the day, while Shirley is unperturbed. Joe walks from the airport. Shirley, wearing sunglasses and now feeling like a different person, is sipping wine by the sea in the sunset. Joe does not recognise her and walks past until she calls him back. The film ends with the two drinking wine by the sea, leaving open the question of how the matter resolved.
Production.
The film was shot on location in Liverpool, Twickenham, Oxford Circus, Bloomsbury, and St Pancras railway station in England, and on the island of Mykonos in Greece.
The film's theme song, "The Girl Who Used to Be Me", was written by Marvin Hamlisch and Alan and Marilyn Bergman, and performed by Patti Austin.
In various versions of the film, as modified for distribution, child viewing, and television, the line spoken by Costas has been changed to avoid the use of adult language.
Release.
The film opened the Montreal Film Festival at the Théâtre Maisonneuve on 24 August 1989. Unlike most openers of the festival in French-speaking Quebec, it was shown without French subtitles. The film opened in North America on 30 August and in the UK on 27 October 1989.
Critical reception.
The film was generally received favourably, and went on to win a number of awards; criticisms generally focused on the transition from one-person play to screen in which Collins's acting provided the strength of the film and much of the rest was seen as weak.
Jow Brown of the "Washington Post" called the film "an uncommonly warm, relaxed little movie . . . without a cloying artificially sweetened aftertaste." He continued, "The story's a bit of romantic whimsy, but it affords a great many comfortable and comforting laughs, and may even serve as a wake-up call for some."
"Variety" called the film "uneven but generally delightful" and Pauline Collins "irresistible."
"Radio Times" rated the film four out of five stars and added, "Lewis Gilbert manages to retain the best of Willy Russell's theatrical devices . . . while opening out the action to embrace a big-screen atmosphere. The supporting cast, particularly Bernard Hill as Collins's Neanderthal husband, is equally convincing, with only the hammy Conti (glistening teeth and appalling accent) striking a momentary false note."
Among reviewers who found the film banal and hollow, Caryn James of "The New York Times" observed, "By adding all the characters and settings that Shirley only talks about on stage, the film reveals the weakness of Mr. Russell's script as surely as if a magician's clumsy assistant had pointed a finger at a secret trapdoor. Ms. Collins brings as much energy and warmth to the role as ever, but on screen the strength of her performance is shattered by being chopped into tiny, disconnected bits."
Roger Ebert of the "Chicago Sun-Times" likewise rated the film one star, calling it "a realistic drama of appalling banality." He added, "There were moments during the movie when I cringed at the manipulative dialogue as the heroine recited warmed-over philosophy and inane one-liners when she should have been allowed to speak for herself. . . . Many of the sentiments in this film seem recycled directly from greeting cards . . . If there is a shred of plausibility in the film, it comes from Bernard Hill's performance as Shirley Valentine's husband. He isn't a bad bloke, just a tired and indifferent one, and when he follows his wife to Greece at the end of the film, there are a few moments so truthful that they show up the artifice of the rest."
Box office.
The film grossed $6.1 million in the United States and Canada. In the UK, it was the highest-grossing independent British film of the year, with a gross of £11.5 million.


Japan National Route 207

 is a highway in Japan on the island of Kyūshū which runs from Saga City in Saga Prefecture to Togitsu in Nagasaki Prefecture. From Kōhoku it runs along the Ariake Sea towards Isahaya. Hence, that portion of the road runs mostly parallel to the Nagasaki Main Line.


Feletto railway station

Feletto railway station () serves the town and "comune" of Feletto, in the Piedmont region, northwestern Italy.
Since 2012 it serves line SFM1, part of the Turin metropolitan railway service.


Purmerend Weidevenne railway station

Purmerend Weidevenne is a suburban railway station, in the Weidevenne estate in Purmerend, Netherlands. The station opened on 9 December 2007 and is on the Zaandam–Enkhuizen railway. The official opening of the station was on 8 December 2007.
Train services.
The following train services currently call at Purmerend Weidevenne:
In the morning, afternoon and early evening the train starts in Leiden before continuing to Hoofddorp and further.
From December 2008, the direct connection with Amsterdam Centraal was lost, due to the Stoptrain 4500 becoming an Intercity, not stopping between Amsterdam Sloterdijk and Hoorn. Therefore, it is recommended to travel to Zaandam/Amsterdam Sloterdijk and change for central Amsterdam.


Canadian Brotherhood of Railway Employees

The Canadian Brotherhood of Railway Employees and Other Transport Workers was an industrial union of railway workers in Canada. It was formed on October 12, 1908 in Moncton, New Brunswick. The organization was led by its president Aaron Mosher from its establishment until his death in 1952. The union was an opponent of larger railway worker unions based in the United States. It was a founding member of the Canadian Congress of Labour and ally of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF).
Racism.
The union's constitution explicitly banned non-white workers from membership from 1908 until 1919. Because of this, Black Canadian sleeping car porters organized the Canadian affiliate of the all-Black Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters in 1917. While Sleeping Car Porters were allowed to join the CBRE in 1919, Black workers were segregated into their own locals and forced into lower-paid jobs. The Sleeping Car Porters eventually left in 1939 and affiliated with the U.S. based and Black-led Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters.


Helmond Brouwhuis railway station

Helmond Brouwhuis is a railway station in Brouwhuis, a housing area of Helmond, Netherlands. The station opened in 1987 and is on the Venlo–Eindhoven railway. The station has 2 platforms. Train services are operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen.
Train service.
The following services calls at Helmond Brouwhuis:


Chungmu-ro

Chungmuro refers to an avenue 1.75 km in length and 10-20 m in width and the area nearby, located in Jung-gu, central Seoul of South Korea. Since the 1960s, Chungmuro has been known as the street of culture, artists, and the film industry. Dansungsa, the first movie theater of Korea, established in 1907, is also situated in the area, then known by its Japanese name, Honmachi. Since 1974, Jongno 3-ga Station has become the nearest station around. Chungmuro was named after Chungmugong, the posthumous title of Korean Admiral Yi Sun-shin, which means "martial duke of loyalty." The last syllable "ro" refers to road in Korean.
History.
During Japanese rule in Korea, Chungmuro was known as "Honmachi".
Although many film studios have since moved from Chungmuro to the Gangnam District or other areas of Seoul, Chungmuro still symbolizes the South Korean film industry and continues to be used as a metonym for it.


Sultan Idris Shah II Bridge

Sultan Idris Shah II Bridge or Jambatan Sultan Idris Shah II is a bridge in Perak Tengah district, Perak, Malaysia. It is located on Ipoh-Lumut Highway Federal route crossing Perak River in Bota connecting Bota Kiri and Bota Kanan. The bridge was named after the 33rd Sultan of Perak, Almarhum Sultan Idris Al-Mutawakkil Allahi Shah II Afifullah.
History.
In 1967, the old Bota Bridge FT5 was collapsed due to a huge flood, effectively cutting off the transportation link between Ipoh and Lumut. As a result, a new replacement bridge known as the Sultan Idris Shah II Bridge FT5 was constructed with the total cost of RM3.1 million. The new Sultan Idris Shah II Bridge FT5 was completed in 1973 and was opened to motorists on February 1973.


National Freeway 6

National freeway 6, also known as Shuishalian Freeway or Central East-West Freeway, is a freeway between Wufeng, Taichung and Puli, Nantou, and all of the main line was already open to traffic on 21 March 2009. The freeway runs parallel with provincial highway 14 for most of its length.
Length.
The length is about 37.6 km between Wufeng, Taichung and Puli, Nantou.
Background.
Its construction began on 25 March 2004. On 27 January 2008, the main line between Ailan IC and Puli terminal was open to traffic. Then, the main line between Wufeng JCT and East Caotun IC, and the East Caotun connection way were open to traffic on 27 December 2008. The other part of main line between east Caotun IC and Ailan IC was already open to traffic on 21 March 2009. Afterwards, Guoxing IC was open to traffic on 22 October 2009. Then, Jiuzheng IC was open to traffic on 31 January 2011. Beishan IC was completed on 21 November 2013.
There is a plan to extend the route further east to Hualien City. However, it is technically difficult due to the mountains between Puli, Nantou and Hualien City.
References.
http://www.taneeb.gov.tw/home.htm


Jalan Kampung Kuantan

Jalan Kampung Kuantan or Jalan Kelab (Selangor state route B77) is a major road in Selangor, Malaysia.


Flight 293

Flight 293 may refer to:


Bitgoeul-daero

The Bitgoeul-daero (Hangul : 빛고을대로) is an urban expressway in Gwangju, Korea. The highway connects from Yuchon-dong, Seo-gu, Gwangju to Dongnim-dong, Buk-gu: about 4 km(2.5 miles.)
It opened on December 29, 2004 and the name was Sendai-ro Road(Hangul : 센다이로, Hanja or Japanese : 仙台路), to celebrate forming a sister city between Gwangju, Korea and Sendai, Japan. However people aroused the road name of this road should be changed because it's not fit naming Japanese style on the gateway of Gwangju. So Gwangju changed a road name: Bitgoeul (literally "village of light") in April, 2005. Now Sendai-ro Road is located in near Guus Hiddink Stadium, about 1.8 km(1.1 miles).


Carlos Valdovinos metro station

Carlos Valdovinos is an elevated metro station on the Line 5 of the Santiago Metro, in Santiago, Chile. Platforms are being lengthened to accommodate seven-car trains. The station was opened on 5 April 1997 as part of the inaugural section of the line, from Baquedano to Bellavista de La Florida.
The station has the shape of a tube with an elliptical cross section. Staircases protrude from both sides of the station.


Hamstead Lock

Hamstead Lock is a lock on the Kennet and Avon Canal, at Hamstead Marshall between Kintbury and Newbury, Berkshire, England.
The lock has a rise/fall of 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m).
It is a grade II listed building.


Bajaj Qute

The Bajaj Qute, earlier called Bajaj RE60, is a rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive, four-passenger quadricycle built by the Indian company Bajaj Auto and is aimed primarily at the Indian domestic market. The car was the first four-wheeler manufactured by Bajaj Auto, which was unveiled on 3 January 2012. In India, the Qute is not legally classified as a car.
On 22 May 2013, The Central Government legally classified it as a quadricycle. It is unable to reach speeds of 90 km/h and is therefore only allowed to be used for commercial purposes to replace auto rickshaws.
History.
In 2010, Bajaj Auto announced the cooperation with Renault and Nissan Motor to develop of a US$2,500 car, aiming at a fuel-efficiency of (3.3 L/100 km), or twice an average small car, and carbon dioxide emissions of 100 g/km.
Bajaj Auto first unveiled the Bajaj Qute as the RE60 on 3 January 2012, at the 2012 Auto Expo in Delhi. Bajaj Auto was best known for scooters and three-wheel auto-rickshaws, and is India's second-largest two-wheeled vehicle maker and is a world leader in three-wheeled vehicles. The Qute is Bajaj's first foray into the four-wheel market. At its unveiling, the company announced that the car had high fuel efficiency of and low carbon dioxide emissions.
With a fare meter included in the base model's dashboard, the firm is targeting auto-rickshaw drivers by offering a four wheeler as economical to run as a three-wheeler, but safer and more comfortable.
Technical specifications.
The Qute is powered by a 217-cc single cylinder engine with a capability to generate power output of . The four wheeler has a metal-polymer monocoque body due to which it weighs 400 kg. Turning radius of the first four wheeler of Bajaj is 3.5m.
Plan.
Bajaj Auto plans to roll out 5,000 units/month of its much-delayed four-seater "quadricycle" Qute from its Aurangabad Plant and it is to be priced between Rs 1.25 lakh and Rs 2.5 lakh. The MoRTH has decided to allow operation of quadricycles as passenger vehicles, besides commercial use. They have allowed 16-year-olds to drive only quadricycles.


Chandni Chowk Flyover

The construction of the Chandni Chowk Flyover was started, at a busy locality of Rawalpindi, on November 3, 2011. Chandni Chowk is considered one of the most central locations of the city of Rawalpindi. On an average, 128,900 vehicles pass through this junction daily which had caused traffic congestion issues. The construction of flyover at the junction confirms a smooth flow of traffic at the Murree Road and particularly at Chandni Chowk. The flyover was completed in 127 days.
The length of the flyover is 403 metres, and it has three lanes each side. On an average, 128,900 vehicles pass through this junction daily and the flyover will help solve the traffic mess on Benazir Bhutto Road, particularly at Chandni Chowk, which had been a great concern for motorists, transporters and commuters.
It opened on 11 March 2012.
Chandni chowk is also famous due to food corner situated on its right side while entering from Islamabad


Lanjut Airstrip

Lanjut Airstrip , is an airfield serving Rompin, Pahang, Malaysia. It is located next to the popular old Lanjut Beach and Golf Resort, just north of the Rompin river.
The airfield currently has no scheduled airline operations, most arriving aircraft are those from the regional flying clubs and those owned by private individuals. Due to the short runway at just 781 meters by 16 meters wide, the airstrip limits potential commercial aviation operators from commencing public air services. The recommended landing direction is runway 18, and pilots are to exercise caution as wildlife and loose materials have been reported near the runway. Resort guests from the near by Lanjut Beach and Golf resort have been spotted riding their bikes on the airstrip. Prior permission is required for arriving private aircraft, so that resort staff are able to assist with arrival procedures.


N405 highway (Philippines)

The National Route 405 (N405) forms part of the Philippine highway network. It runs through central Cavite. It connects the municipality of Naic to Caylabne Bay.
Route description.
Governor's Drive.
N405 runs from the municipality of Naic to Ternate, Cavite as Governor's Drive. It starts at the intersection with N402, specifically the Naic–Indang Road and Capt. C. Nazareno Street in Naic. It then passes through the municipalities of Maragondon and Ternate. Finally, it terminates at the intersection with Caylabne Road and Ternate–Nasugbu Road at the Mounts Palay-Palay–Mataas-na-Gulod Protected Landscape in Ternate.
Caylabne Road.
N405 then turns north as Caylabne Road, which connects Ternate to Caylabne Bay. Just meters past the terminus of N405, the Caylabne Bay Resort could be found at the end of this road.


Jeanne Baret

Jeanne Baret (; July 27, 1740 – August 5, 1807) was a member of Louis Antoine de Bougainville's expedition on the ships "La Boudeuse" and "Étoile" in 1766–1769. Baret is recognized as the first woman to have completed a voyage of circumnavigation of the globe, which she did via maritime.
Jeanne Baret joined the expedition disguised as a man, calling herself Jean Baret. She enlisted as valet and assistant to the expedition's naturalist, Philibert Commerçon (anglicized as Commerson), shortly before Bougainville's ships sailed from France. According to Bougainville's account, Baret was herself an expert botanist.
Early life.
Jeanne Baret was born on July 27, 1740, in the village of La Comelle in the Burgundy region of France. Her record of baptism survives and identifies her as the legitimate issue of Jean Baret and Jeanne Pochard. Her father is identified as a day laborer and seems likely to have been illiterate, as he did not sign the parish register.
Little is known of Baret's childhood or young adulthood. She later told Bougainville that she had been orphaned and lost her fortune in a lawsuit before taking to disguising herself as a man. Her mother died 15 months after Jeanne was born and her father when she was 15. Historians agree that some details of the story she gave Bougainville were a fabrication to shield Commerson from complicity in her disguise. Burgundy was at this time one of the more backward provinces of France in terms of the condition of the peasant classes, and it is likely that Baret's family was quite impoverished.
One of the mysteries of Baret's life is how she obtained at least the rudiments of an education, as her signature on later legal documents provides evidence that she was not illiterate. One of her biographers, Glynis Ridley, suggests that her mother might have been of Huguenot extraction, a group that had a higher tradition of literacy than was otherwise typical of the peasant classes of the time. Another biographer, John Dunmore, suggests that she was taught by the parish priest or taken on as a charity case by a member of the local gentry. Danielle Clode, however, notes that Jeanne did not sign the parish register for her father's death (or the birth of her godson in 1756). Her first known signature is in 1764, making it more likely she was taught to write by Commerson, perhaps to help him with his work. She always signed her own name 'Barret'.
Relationship with Commerson.
At some point between 1760 and 1764, Baret became employed as housekeeper to Commerson, who had settled in Toulon-sur-Arroux, some to the south of La Comelle, upon his marriage in 1760. Commerson's wife, who was the sister of the parish priest, died shortly after giving birth to a son in April 1762, and it seems most likely that Baret took over management of Commerson's household at that time, if not before.
It is also evident that Baret and Commerson shared a more personal relationship, as Baret became pregnant in 1764. French law at that time required women who became pregnant out of wedlock to obtain a "certificate of pregnancy" in which they could name the father of their unborn child. Baret's certificate, from August 1764, survives; it was filed in a town away and witnessed by two men of substance who likewise had travelled a considerable distance from their homes. She refused to name the father of her child, but historians do not doubt that it was Commerson and that it was Commerson who had also made the arrangements with the lawyer and witnesses on her behalf.
Shortly afterwards, Baret and Commerson moved together to Paris, where she continued in the role of his housekeeper. Baret apparently changed her name to "Jeanne de Bonnefoy" during this period. Her child, born in December 1764, was given the name Jean-Pierre Baret. Baret gave the child up to the Paris Foundlings Hospital. He was quickly placed with a foster mother but died in the summer of 1765. (Commerson had left his legitimate son from his marriage in the care of his brother-in-law in Toulon-sur-Arroux and never saw him again in his lifetime.)
In 1765, Commerson was invited to join Bougainville's expedition. He hesitated in accepting because he was often in poor health; he required Baret's assistance as a nurse as well as in running his household and managing his collections and papers. His appointment allowed him a servant, paid as a royal expense, but women were completely prohibited on French navy ships at this time. At some point, the idea of Baret disguising herself as a man in order to accompany Commerson was conceived. To avoid scrutiny, she was to join the expedition immediately before the ship sailed, pretending to be a stranger to Commerson.
Before leaving Paris, Commerson drew up a will in which he left to "Jeanne Baret, known as de Bonnefoi, my housekeeper", a lump sum of 600 livres along with back wages owed and the furnishings of their Paris apartment. Thus, while the story Baret concocted for Bougainville's benefit to explain her presence on board ship was carefully designed to shield Commerson from involvement, there is clear documentary evidence of their previous relationship, and it is highly improbable that Commerson was not complicit in the plan himself.
With Bougainville.
Baret and Commerson joined the Bougainville expedition at the port of Rochefort in late December 1766. They were assigned to sail on the storeship, the "Étoile". Because of the vast quantity of equipment Commerson was bringing on the voyage, the ship's captain, François Chenard de la Giraudais, gave up his own large cabin on the ship to Commerson and his "assistant". This gave Baret significantly more privacy than she would have had otherwise on board the crowded ship. In particular, the captain's cabin gave Baret access to private toilet facilities so that she did not have to use the shared head with other members of the crew.
In addition to Bougainville's published account, Baret's story figures in three other surviving memoirs of the expedition: a journal kept jointly by Commerson and Pierre Duclos-Guyot; a journal by the Prince of Nassau-Siegen, a paying passenger on the "Boudeuse"; and a memoir by François Vivès, a surgeon on the "Étoile". Vivès has the most to say about Baret, but his memoir is problematical because he and Commerson were on bad terms throughout the voyage, and his account – largely written or revised after the fact – is full of innuendo and spiteful comments directed at both Commerson and Baret.
Commerson suffered badly from both seasickness and a recurring ulcer on his leg in the early part of the voyage, and Baret probably spent most of her time attending to him. Aside from the ceremony of "crossing the line", which Commerson described in some detail in his memoir, there was little for the botanists to do until the "Étoile" reached Montevideo. There they set out on expeditions to the surrounding plains and mountains. Commerson's leg was still troubling him, and Baret seems to have done much of the actual labor, carrying supplies and specimens. In Rio de Janeiro – a much more dangerous place, where the "Étoile"s chaplain was murdered ashore soon after their arrival – Commerson was officially confined to the ship while his leg healed, but he and Baret nonetheless collected specimens of a flowering vine, which he named "Bougainvillea".
After a second visit to Montevideo, their next opportunity to collect plants was in Patagonia while the ships of the expedition were waiting for favourable winds to carry them through the Strait of Magellan. Here Baret accompanied Commerson on the most troublesome excursions over rugged terrain and gained a reputation for courage and strength. Commerson, still hampered by his leg injury, referred to Baret as his "beast of burden" on these expeditions. In addition to the manual labor she performed in collecting plants, stones, and shells, Baret also helped Commerson organize and catalog their specimens and notes in the weeks that followed, as the ships entered the Pacific.
Surviving accounts of the expedition differ on when Baret's sex was first discovered. According to Bougainville, rumors that Baret was a woman had circulated for some time, but her sex was not finally confirmed until the expedition reached Tahiti in April 1768. As soon as she and Commerson landed on shore, Baret was immediately surrounded by Tahitians who cried out that she was a woman. It was necessary to return her to the ship to protect her from the excited Tahitians. Bougainville recorded this incident in his journal some weeks after it happened, when he had an opportunity to visit the "Étoile" to interview Baret personally.
In his account, Vivès reports much speculation about Baret's sex early in the voyage and asserts that Baret claimed to be a eunuch when confronted directly by La Giraudais (whose own official log has not survived). Bougainville's account of Baret's unmasking on Tahiti is not corroborated by the other journal accounts of the expedition, although Vivès describes a similar incident in which Baret was immediately pointed out as a woman by the Tahitian Ahu-toru on board the ship. Vivès also describes a different incident on New Ireland in mid-July in which Baret was caught off-guard, stripped, and "examined" by a group of other servants on the expedition. Duclos-Guyot and Nassau-Siegen also recorded that Baret had been discovered to be a woman on New Ireland, but without mentioning details.
Ahu-toru traveled back to France with the expedition and was subsequently questioned at some length about Baret. Modern scholars now believe that Ahu-toru actually thought that Baret was a transvestite, or "mahu". However, other Tahitian natives reported the presence of a woman in Bougainville's expedition to later visitors to the island, including James Cook in 1769 and Domingo de Bonechea in 1772, which indicates that her sex was known to the Tahitians if not to her shipmates at the time she visited the island.
After crossing the Pacific, the expedition was desperately short of food. After a brief stop for supplies in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), the ships made a longer stop at the island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean. This island, known as Isle de France, was then an important French trading station. Commerson was delighted to find that his old friend and fellow botanist Pierre Poivre was serving as governor on the island, and Commerson and Baret remained behind as Poivre's guests. Probably Bougainville also actively encouraged this arrangement, as it allowed him to rid himself of the problem of a woman illegally on board his expedition.
On Mauritius, Baret continued in her role as Commerson's assistant and housekeeper. It is likely that she accompanied him in plant-collecting on Madagascar and Bourbon Island in 1770–1772. Commerson continued to have serious health problems, and he died in Mauritius in February 1773. His financial resources on the island had dwindled, his patron Poivre had been recalled to Paris. Baret, meanwhile, seems to have established herself independently, being granted property in Port Louis in 1770.
Later life.
After Commerson's death, Baret ran a tavern in Port Louis. She was fined 50 livres for serving alcohol on Sundays in 1773 Then, on May 17, 1774, she married Jean Dubernat, a non-commissioned officer in the French Army who was most likely on the island on his way home to France. Jeanne brought a small fortune to her marriage, presumably from the tavern and perhaps other business ventures she ran on the island.
There is no record of exactly when Baret and her husband arrived in France, thus completing her voyage of circumnavigation. Most likely it was sometime in 1775. In April 1776, she received the money that was due to her under Commerson's will after applying directly to the Attorney General. With this money, she settled with Dubernat in his native village of Saint-Aulaye where they bought property with Jeanne's wealth and lived with both Dubernat and Jeanne's nieces and nephews.
In 1785, Baret was granted a pension of 200 livres a year by the Ministry of Marine. The document granting her this pension makes clear the high regard with which she was held by this point:
Jeanne Barré, by means of a disguise, circumnavigated the globe on one of the vessels commanded by Mr de Bougainville. She devoted herself in particular to assisting Mr de Commerson, doctor and botanist, and shared with great courage the labours and dangers of this savant. Her behaviour was exemplary and Mr de Bougainville refers to it with all due credit... His Lordship has been gracious enough to grant to this extraordinary woman a pension of two hundred livres a year to be drawn from the fund for invalid servicemen and this pension shall be payable from 1 January 1785.
She died in Saint-Aulaye on August 5, 1807, at the age of 67.
Legacy and controversy.
Commerson named many of the plants he collected after friends and acquaintances. One of them, a tall shrub with dark green leaves and white flowers that he found on Madagascar, he named "Baretia bonafidia". But Commerson's name for this genus did not survive, as it had already been named by the time his reports reached Paris; it is currently known as "Turraea". While over seventy species are named in honor of Commerson, only one, "Solanum ", honors Baret.
The New York Botanical Garden includes a plant specimen, attributed to Comerson but believed to be collected by Baret with him, in their herbarium.
In 2018, the International Astronomical Union named a mountain range on Pluto for her.
For many years, Bougainville's published journal – a popular bestseller in its day, in the original French as well as in English translations – was the only widely available source of information about Baret. More recent scholarship has uncovered additional facts and documentation about her life, but much of the new information remained little-known and inaccessible to the general public, particularly outside France. The first English-language biography of Baret, by John Dunmore, was not published until 2002, and then only in New Zealand. Other articles appeared only in scholarly journals.
The 2010 biography of Baret by Glynis Ridley, "The Discovery of Jeanne Baret", brought Baret to the attention of a wider audience and helped to overturn some of the old misconceptions about her life. However, Ridley's biography has also been highly criticized by some reviewers for its reliance on improbable chains of speculation that are not corroborated by any other primary or secondary sources. New research by French researchers has provided clearer archival information on Jeanne Barret's life as well as a new biography by Danielle Clode, "In Search of the Woman who Sailed the World", published in 2020. On July 27, 2020, Google celebrated her 280th birthday with a Google Doodle.


Flight 470

Flight 470 may refer to:


Origin Space

Origin Space () is a seed-stage Chinese private company researching and developing technology to enable space resource utilization. The company contracted for its first satellite, a space telescope, to be built by DFH Satellite, a subsidiary of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC), "the state-owned main contractor for China’s space programs."
The company was established in 2017, and raised additional capital in 2019 through a angel round led by Linear Venture and Matrix Partners China. The long-term goal is to "develop mineral resources such as rare-earth metals from near-Earth asteroids.
The initial company focus is on fielding multi-spectrum space telescopes. A small ultraviolet spectroscopy telescope flew in Earth orbit in late 2019. The company is working on an x-ray space telescope with Hong Kong University, and signed a contract to build an optical telescope.
On 27 April 2021 the company successfully launched the NEO-1 satellite aboard a Long March 6 rocket. This satellite will be used to carry out scientific research based on observations of small celestial bodies in low-Earth orbit and to test a prototype technology for the acquisition of space resources.