Evelyn Pitfield Shirley Sturt

Evelyn Pitfield Shirley Sturt (25 October 1815 – 10 February 1885) was born in Dorset, England. He was the youngest son of Thomas Lenox Napier Sturt, a puisne judge in Bengal for the British East India Company, and Jeanette or Jeannette, née Wilson. One of his older brothers was the Australian explorer Charles Sturt.
Evelyn arrived in Australia at the age of 20, and by 21 he was appointed the Commissioner of Crown Lands for all of the new colony. Two years later, he resigned and then overlanded sheep and cattle from Bathurst to Adelaide to take up a large parcel of land as a grazier.
Between 1849 and 1878, Sturt served as Police Magistrate and Superintendent of Police in Melbourne.
Biography.
Early life.
Evelyn was educated at the Sandhurst Military College, and in 1836, at the young age of twenty, he migrated to New South Wales, travelling on the "Hooghly", a ship of 466 tons which had previously been used as a convict transport vessel and was under the command of George Bayly at that time. Sturt arrived in Sydney on 12 October that year.
Making an impression on the authorities, Evelyn was appointed, only 4 months after his arrival, as the Commissioner of Crown lands and was based in Yass from 20 February 1837. Being only 21 years of age he was sometimes referred to as 'the boy commissioner'.
Sheep and cattle farming.
Sturt resigned his post as Commissioner of Crown Lands in 1839 and decided to take sheep and cattle overland from Bathurst to Adelaide, at the time a massive distance of 1200 km. His partners in that successful venture were Charles Campbell, James Stein, and a Mr Hardy. After occupying country at Willunga, South Australia in the Mount Lofty Ranges, he took up Compton station in the Mount Gambier district in 1844.
Again Evelyn was favoured by the authorities when he was granted ownership of the land in the area ahead of the Henty brothers who, despite also spending five years from 1839 to 1844 dealing with resistance from the Buandig (or Buandik) people, were the original Aboriginal inhabitants of the area., were not granted the land ahead of Evelyn. Although he continued to encounter many difficulties, and left to hold a new position as Police Magistrate in 1849, he did not dispose of the lands until 1853.
In 1853, Sturt wrote about the River Murray area, which his explorer brother Charles Sturt had named in 1830:
"As for the Murray ever becoming an agricultural country, the notion is absurd ... there is hardly a settler on the Lower Murray who can luxuriate in a vegetable."
Duties with the Melbourne Police.
While still at Mount Gambier, South Australia, Evelyn was offered and accepted an appointment as the Police Magistrate in Melbourne in 1849.
In the following year he accepted the position of superintendent of the Melbourne Police, and attempted to reconcile what he described as "the great inefficiency of the District" (Melbourne and County of Bourke) "Police Force arising from their scattered and isolated stations" and a lack of constables of police.
Sturt found his troubles to be influenced by various gold rushes, which took a toll on police numbers – indeed he reported in December 1851 that he had lost forty of his fifty staff to resignation. In early 1853, Sir William Mitchell assumed Sturt's position of Superintendent of police and Evelyn was reappointed as magistrate for Melbourne, serving for the next twenty-five years. It appears that he was not afraid of brandishing his authority and in 1854 when he was appointed to the commission of inquiry into the Bentley hotel affair at Ballarat – seen by many to be a precursor to the Eureka Stockade – he recommended dismissal of some corrupt government officers and compensation to some of those who had suffered losses.
Evelyn also was appointed as a member of the royal commissions in 1861 that reported on the disastrous Burke and Wills expedition.
In 1869, he took a brief leave of absence from his position and returned to England (with his wife) and was present at the death of his brother Charles Sturt who had returned to live in England some 18 years earlier. Evelyn returned to his position but was dismissed in the Black Wednesday retrenchments of January 1878, and then accepting a pension, he left with his wife for England.
Marriage.
Evelyn remained unmarried until 36, but then in 1852 he married Mary Frances, who was a daughter of the Church of England Reverend J. C. Grylls. They had no children, and later lived in Brighton, Victoria.
Death.
In 1885, when returning to Victoria from another trip to England aboard the "Perkin", Evelyn contracted a severe case of bronchitis. He died, aged 69, on 10 February 1885, the day before reaching the Egyptian city of Port Said. Evelyn's body was returned to England for burial.
Evelyn County, New South Wales and Sturt Street, Ballarat, Victoria are named in his honour.
Memoria.
Evelyn Creek, New South Wales, was named after Sturt, by his explorer brother, Charles Sturt.


Haagse Bos

Haagse Bos (, literally "Forest of The Hague") is a rectangular neighbourhood and forest in the Haagse Hout district of The Hague, Netherlands, reaching from the old city centre in the south-west to the border of Wassenaar in the north-east. It is also one of the oldest remaining forests of the country. During World War II, the park was used by the Germans for launching V-1 and V-2 rockets.
History.
Originally, the Haagse Bos was a section of a bigger forest that stretched from 's-Gravenzande to Alkmaar. This was simply called "Die Hout" (The Woods). The title eventually gave way to the name "Houtland" (which literally means "woods lands") and later became "Holland". From this original forest only the Haagse Bos remains. During the reign of William II and Floris V, the forest was considerably reduced to make space and provide wood for the growing nearby fortress, the Binnenhof, and the surrounding village of The Hague. However, even in the Middle Ages there were strict rules in place to protect the Haagse Bos from becoming completely cut down, since the forest was a popular hunting area of the Dutch counts.
During the beginning of the Eighty Years' War, the Haagse Bos was once again quickly shrunk to make way for more residents of The Hague. In 1571, a sixth of the oak forests were cut to build defences against the Spanish army. The so-called "Act of Redemption", signed on 1576 by William the Silent declared that no further cutting or sale of the forest would be permitted. This law still stands today. During the French Occupation in the early 19th century, the forest was about to be cut down, but due to saboteurs and work delays the plan was never implemented. After the French occupation the ponds in the forest were made.
In the Second World War the forest was used by the German Army as a launching place for their V-1 and V-2 rockets. An attempt by the Allies to destroy this facility led to the accidental bombardment on the adjacent Bezuidenhout district. Since 1899 the National Forest Administration of the Netherlands (the "Staatsbosbeheer") has owned and administered the park. Despite its protected status, two major motorways cut through the forest: the A12 and the Laan van Nieuw Oost Indië.


Cardonald Place Farm

Cardonald Place Farm is a farmhouse on the banks of the White Cart Water river in Cardonald, Glasgow, Scotland. It was built in 1848 on (or close to) the site occupied by the former Cardonald Palace.
Cardonald Castle was the seat of the Cardonald Stewart family in the 16th Century. Nothing remains of Cardonald Palace, although a stone from the palace has been set into the farmhouse above the door.
The farmhouse is featured on the cover of the 1993 book "Old Cardonald Had A Farm" by John A. Innes.
History.
The Cardonald Stewarts built a palace at Cardonald around 1565, and in 1580 Walter Stewart, Commendator of Blantyre Priory, based himself at Cardonald Palace. The palace is referred to in John Thomson's Atlas of Scotland (1832) as 'Cardonald Ho.').
The palace was demolished in 1846 to be replaced by Cardonald Place Farm in 1848, "Place" being a corruption of palace. A stone from the palace, showing the coat of arms of the Cardonald Stewarts, was set above the entrance to the farm house. The five bedroom farmhouse at 135 Cardonald Place Farm, Cardonald Place Road, Cardonald, G52 3JX, has a large coat of arms above its entrance.
Cardonald (or Crookston) Mill, built in 1748 and with a diameter wheel, was located a short distance to the west of the farm.
In 1926, Glasgow Corporation bought the Cardonald estates, including Cardonald Place Farm. They then built the Moulin Circus estate on the grounds of the farm orchard in the 1940s, which also removed all traces of the old mill.
The steading was used as a Council yard up until around 1992 and had fallen into a state of disrepair. It was sold to a private developer, Hugh Kinnaird, who refurbished the main farmhouse and converted the steading into 3 houses.
Nothing remains of the original farmland or orchard.
Architecture.
The farm is built in blonde sandstone with crow stepped gables and is a Category C(S) listed building.
The main building is in a T-shape.
References.
McDonald, P (1979) 'The castles of Glasgow', The Scots Mag June, Page(s): 243
The History of Cardonald, Cardonald Library


Teuta Topi

Teuta Topi (born Teuta Mema, 13 June 1962) was the First Lady of Albania from 2007 to 2012 as the wife of former President Bamir Topi.
Biography.
Topi, born in Tirana on 13 June 1962, graduated from Petro Nini Luarasi High School in Tirana and earned her college degree in 1984, majoring in Agronomy from the Agricultural University of Tirana.
She has also earned a master's degree in Environmental Sciences and Technology. Teuta has a long professional experience working as specialist in the Entity of Seeds and Saplings and also as a specialist of the rural development in the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Protection of the Consumer of Albania. She has expanded her professional experience with domestic qualifications and studying abroad Mississippi State University, United States.
Mrs. Topi is a member of the Work Group for rural development in the Balkans; representative of the Ministry of Agriculture of Albania to the IRENE Project, the INTERREG III Program for the Regional Development o Local Basis; member of the Work Group to draft the strategy of regional development and member of the Technical Work Group on the collaboration in the agricultural field with the neighboring countries. The First Lady has not been involved in politics, but she has been active in programs of social and public interest such as in issue of gender pertinence or in issues of European integration and the Association-Stabilization process.
In 1982 she met and later on married Bamir Topi. Bamir and Teuta have two daughters: Nada (born 1984) and Etida (born 1989). Mrs. Topi has not interrupted her professional activity in the Ministry of Agriculture, while her activity as First Lady dedicates her time to the most needy levels of the society.


Holland Lop

Holland Lop is a breed of rabbit that was recognized by the American Rabbit Breeders Association (ARBA) in 1979 and by the Netherlands' Governing Rabbit Council in 1984. The Holland Lop, with a maximum weight of (as stipulated by ARBA), is one of the smallest lop-eared breeds.
Holland Lops are one of the most popular rabbit breeds in the United States and the United Kingdom. They were first bred by Adrian de Cock, as a hybrid of the French Lop and the Netherland Dwarf. Holland Lops are miniature rabbits that only weigh from about 2 to 4 pounds. They are muscular, relative to their compact stature, and have a wide variety of coat colours. Their lopped ears are one of their most distinctive features.
History.
The history of Holland Lops began with Dutch breeder Adrian de Cock from Tilburg, Netherlands. Holland Lops are acknowledged by the American Rabbit Breed Association (ARBA) in 1979 and made known to the public in 1980.
When Adrian de Cock realized that French Lops were over-sized and Netherland Dwarfs were under-sized in 1949, he decided to breed the two with each other in hopes that their off-springs will inherit the optimal size. French Lops weigh anywhere from 10 pounds (4.5 kilograms) to 15 pounds (6.8 kilograms) while Netherland Dwarfs only weigh around 1.1 pound (0.5 kilogram) to 2.5 pounds (1.13 kilogram). Unfortunately, the results were nothing like what de Cock expected. Their off-springs were way too big and died as a result. The mother (female Netherland Dwarf) also died from the breeding process. In 1951, de Cock decided to try the breeding process again. Instead of using a Netherlands Dwarf doe, he used a male Netherland Dwarf buck. He did not think that this was possible at first, because the French Lop was much bigger than the Netherland Dwarf buck. The results exceeded de Cock's expectations. All of the offspring were normal-sized and had standard ear positions. In 1952, de Cock wanted the rabbits' ears to be lopped (hanging limply), so he let a French Lop's and a Netherland Dwarf buck's off-spring breed with the Sooty Fawn, an English Lop with visibly lopped ears. The results were one with lopped ears, 2 with normal ears, and one with semi-lopped ears. At the end of the breeding process in 1955, a Holland Lop weighing less than 6.6 pounds (2.7 kilograms) was born. 11 years after this significant event, de Cock announced Holland Lops weighing less than 4.4 pounds (2 kilograms). Another goal at the time was to publicize Holland Lops. In 1964, these rabbits were finally recognized by Dutch breeders and authorities, which led to the introduction of Holland Lops across many countries in Europe.
Sometime in 1965-1975, these rabbits made their first appearance in the United Kingdom thanks to George Scott, an English rabbit breeder from Yorkshire county who found these Holland Lops. At this time, the average weight of this breed was only about 3.3 pounds (1.5 kilogram). The history of the well-known Mini Lop is also related to the history of the Holland Lop. When Scott found these Holland Lops, he sought to make them even smaller, so he let the lightest Holland Lop off-springs breed with each other. The result of this breeding process was the Mini Lop, which was acknowledged by the British Rabbit Council in 1994. In 1976, Holland Lops made their way to the United States, where they were acknowledged by the American Rabbit Breeders Association 3 years later. Over the years, Holland Lops have traveled across the globe and their breeders' accepted maximum weight has changed insignificantly with the actual weight of these rabbits. Holland Lops are now one of the most well-known rabbit breeds in the United States and the United Kingdom.
Appearance.
Fur.
Similar to most rabbits, Holland Lops' fur is very diverse with a wide variety of colors and combinations. The first type of fur color is light orange, which can also be referred to as "fawn". The second type of fur color is a mix between blue and gray. Although there are many shades of gray, Holland Lops' gray is usually luminous. The third type of fur color is dark brown(chocolate), which is distributed evenly across the Holland Lop's fur. The fourth type of fur color is luminous brown, which makes Holland Lops resemble squirrels. The fifth type of fur color is white. Holland Lops with white fur and red eyes are also known as being albino rabbits. The sixth type of fur color is dark orange, which is very rare among Holland Lops. There is also a rare breed of Holland Lop known as an "Oops" breed due to two bunnies with distinctly different fur breeding and creating a unique color.
Head.
The ears are one of Holland Lops' most distinct features. As mentioned in the history of Holland Lops above, they inherit their lopped ears from the French Lop and Sooty Fawns. These almond-shaped ears are about 4.7 inches (12 centimeters) long. Since Holland Lops are very small, their legs are also short and stubby. They also have claws that are not used very often.
Their eye color is usually black, but can be brown or other colors.
Tail.
Holland Lop's tails are small but straight, sturdy, and fluffy.
Feet.
The feet of the Holland Lop can be categorized into 6 types: ideal, narrow hindquarters, pinched hindquarters, thin bone, thin long bone, pinched and narrow hindquarters.
Ideal Holland Lop feet are parallel and symmetrical. This foot type indicates that the rabbit will have heavy compact bone, and mass. Narrow hindquarters feet are closer, but still parallel. This indicates less width towards the back, but they still maintain a heavy bone and compact type. Pinched hindquarters heels point towards each other, causing the feet to create a V-shape. This may cause the feet to appear at the bottom when posing for a show. Thin boned feet are shorter and thinner than other structures. This indicates that the rabbit will have medium bone and will remain compact, however will have less mass. Thin, long boned foot structure can cause a change throughout other areas of the rabbit's body, making the head pointier, and the ears longer and thinner. In addition, the feet are longer than thin boned feet, and increase the overall size of the rabbit. Pinched and narrow hindquarters is a combination of the pinched hindquarters and narrow hindquarters foot structures. The heels point towards each other and are closer together, which leads to the hindquarters to appear more hollow.
Ideal appearance.
According to the Holland Lop show standards, they are expected to be muscular for their short size. "Broad shoulders and deep hindquarters" are expected traits from a high quality Holland Lop, according to a judge from the Holland Lop Specialty Club. They also added that the legs should be "thick, short, and heavily boned." In shows, the body is worth a total of 32 points.
The Holland Lop is typically 60 cm wide when fully stretched, as well as 60 cm tall. The Holland Lop's flesh is known to be muscular and well-toned. This is especially true when applied to high ranking show Holland Lops. They have "short, rounded noses," which differentiates them from other lop breeds, such as the mini lop. Holland Lops usually weigh between 2-4 pounds. However, according to ARBA show standards, the Holland Lop at maximum weight, is 4 pounds.
Behavior.
Holland Lops as a breed are considered to be very calm rabbits. As a result of this, owners can expect to spend time playing and relaxing with their Lops. In addition to exercise, Holland Lops also require toys to chew on. This is not only important for keeping them occupied, but also for avoiding potential dilemmas. If neglected, this could ensue in the destruction of personal items, or even walls, as reported by some owners.
As a whole, the Holland Lops is considered to be a friendly breed. Although there is individual variation for each rabbit, this is what is reported. Also, Male rabbits, or bucks, have been reported to be less nippy than female rabbits, or does; as does tend to experience a stage where they are shyer and nippy. This typically occurs when they would like to be bred. However, does are often much neater than bucks. Bucks have been known to mess up their cages or destroy things.
Health.
The Holland Lop is a breed of rabbit that is healthy and simple to care for compared to other rabbits, since the majority requires only basic grooming. There are no hereditary diseases unique to Holland Lops, but they still can suffer from other common rabbit diseases. They are an active breed that requires plenty of physical stimulation and playtime to be happy and healthy pets. They live an average of seven to ten years. Holland Lops need weekly brushing in order to prevent intestinal blockages that can be the result of fur ingestion during self-grooming. Additional brushing is needed during the yearly two weeks of molting. Nails should be trimmed monthly.
Checking for overgrown teeth is a must as well, since these can be very painful for the rabbit. A diet consisting of plenty of timothy hay should be enough to prevent this from occurring. In the case that the teeth do become overgrown this can cause their mouth to shift and in turn lead to possible infection and abscesses. The Holland Lop diet should consist of around 70 percent timothy hay along with high quality pellet feed and a variety of fruits and vegetables. In addition, these rabbits need an unlimited supply of fresh water.
To maintain a healthy rabbit the correct housing is another essential element. Cages should be no smaller than 18 inches by 25 inches although it is always better for the cage to be larger than this. Wire bottoms must be avoided too as these are bad for their feet and will cause sore hocks. While they can be kept in a cage, they are very active rabbits that require plenty of physical activity and it is highly recommended to let them have out of cage time to release their energy. The Holland Lop is not at risk for any specific hereditary health issues, but they are still susceptible to the same common health issues as other rabbit breeds are. In younger baby rabbits under eight weeks old they should be watched for enteritis along with gut stasis and bloat. As a lop-eared breed of rabbit they can also suffer from ear infections such as otitis.
Parasites are another common issue to all breeds of rabbit, specifically cheyletiella mites which cause itching and hair loss. Although these can easily be treated by either a spot-on treatment or injection form of anti-mite preparations. Spaying and neutering also decrease the chance of reproductive system related diseases such as uterine cancer that can occur in does. Although spaying and neutering may reduce aggression, it can also lead to many other health problems.


Mykolas Arlauskas

Mykolas Arlauskas (October 10, 1930 – February 7, 2020) was a Lithuanian agronomist, professor of biomedicine, and signatory of the 1990 Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania.
Arlauskas was born near Liepāja, Latvia in October 1930. He died February 7, 2020 at the age of 89.


Swamp Loggers

Swamp Loggers is an American reality television series which was originally broadcast on the Discovery Channel, from 2009 to 2012, that follows the crew of Goodson's All Terrain Logging as they log the swamps of North Carolina. Much of the series was filmed in Pender County.
The series was later shown in reruns on Quest, part of Discovery Channel operations in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The series is currently shown in reruns on the US Network Quest.
Show overview.
Some of the running themes of the show include trying to get 100 loads of logs shipped out per week, which gets the crew a bonus of about $100, and a BBQ paid for by Bobby and cooked by Dave (75 loads is generally considered the "break even" point where Bobby's expenses are covered); the constant difficulties encountered with bad weather, poor road conditions, and equipment failures; as well as uncertainties concerning lumber buyers, land owners (from whose property Goodson's extract timber), and saw mills.
Another issue that was featured during several episodes was the emergency gall bladder surgery performed on truck driver "Bo-Bo", the effect on his family and co-workers, and his recovery. He has since returned to Goodson's with a clean bill of health.


Taylor Shellfish Company

Taylor Shellfish Company is an American seafood company based in Shelton, Washington. It is the country's largest producer of aquaculture (farmed) shellfish and has locations across Western Washington. The Taylor family started raising Olympia oysters in the 1920s. In the current form, the company, privately held, was started in 1969 as Taylor United by brothers Edwin and Justin Taylor, grandsons of James Y. Waldrip, an early Washingtonian who came to Seattle to work rebuilding after the Great Seattle Fire of 1889 before moving south and founding the Olympia Oyster Company in the 1890s. Waldrip's company farmed the Olympia oyster found only in South Puget Sound. Justin Taylor, born 1921, the oldest oyster farmer on Puget Sound in the early 2000s, died in 2011.
Taylor Shellfish harvests more than of clams annually as of the 2010s; 30% of the company's sales were in-shell oysters as of 2005. As of the late 1990s the company was one of the top ten employers in Mason County, Washington, and farmed oyster beds at their Oakland Bay headquarters and elsewhere around Hood Canal and Puget Sound including Totten Inlet (Oyster Bay), Eld Inlet, Samish Bay, Willapa Bay, and Whidbey Island. By 2010, the company had 480 employees and annual revenue over $50 million.
The company has operated oyster bars under the Taylor Shellfish Farms brand since 2014. Three are in Seattle including Capitol Hill and Pioneer Square, one in Downtown Bellevue beginning late 2017; and there are farm stores on Chuckanut Drive in Skagit County, and in Shelton.


Higgidy

Higgidy is a fresh food manufacturer based in Shoreham-by-Sea, West Sussex, England. The company produces a range of pies, quiches, tortillas and rolls. It was co-founded by Camilla Stephens and James Foottit in 2003. The name of the company comes from an early description of the uneven appearance of their pies by a visiting child.
History.
Camilla Stephens started baking her own pies in her kitchen at home. After supplying local events and independent retailers, the company approached the café chain, EAT, which then became Higgidy's first major stockist in 2004.
As a small supplier, Higgidy gained momentum when it was selected to supply Sainsbury's supermarkets as part of the "Supply Something New" scheme in 2007. Success grew from there and Higgidy went on to achieve a turnover of £3.2M with a workforce of 50 employees. It was in the Sunday Times Fast Track 100 fastest growing companies in the UK for two years running in 2009/2010 and then, in 2011, Higgidy was chosen as the regional winner for the South in the HSBC Business Thinking initiative.
The first Higgidy manufacturing site was in Southwick, West Sussex. In 2007, the business moved to premises at Dolphin Road in Shoreham-by-Sea which, in 2020, employed about 300 staff.
Founder Camilla Stephens published two cookbooks. "Higgidy: The Cookbook" (2007) contained 100 recipes for pies and more. "Higgidy: The Veggie Cookbook" (2019) featured 120 vegetarian recipes.
A long-standing supporter of FareShare and FareShare Sussex, Higgidy donates surplus stock on a weekly basis, supporting those fighting hunger in the UK via community kitchens and local food banks.
In 2019, Samworth Brothers, which owns a portfolio of other pie-makers such as Ginsters, purchased a minority stake in Higgidy with an option to increase their shareholding. There were no plans for a merger of production but the partnership was expected to provide operational opportunities.
Products.
The Higgidy Family Kitchen produced just under 13 million individual products in 2019.
The range now offers pies (individual and little pies), quiches (large, little and snack quiches), tortillas, rolls (sausage, veggie and vegan) and a snacking and sharing range (including dinky rolls, pastry swirls and savoury muffins).
Higgidy products can be purchased in Sainsbury's, Waitrose, Ocado, Tesco, Co-op, Asda, Booths, Amazon Fresh, Boots and some Londis and Budgens stores. Its products are also stocked in some wholesalers, such as Cotswold Fayre.


Waldemar G. Klee

Waldemar Gøthrik (or Goetrik) Klee (7 October 1853 — 7 February 1891) was a Danish-born American horticulturist. He worked as a gardener at the agricultural grounds of the University of California, Berkeley and was involved in the first biological control efforts in the US, making use of parasitoids from Australia to control cotton cushiony scales.
Klee was born in Copenhagen and moved to the United States of America at the age of 19 to study in California. He was recognized by Professor Eugene W. Hilgard at the State University at Berkeley and he was later employed at the University of California as gardener in Charge of Agricultural Grounds and was for some time, around 1886 to 1888, Inspector of Fruit Pests in the California State Board of Horticulture. He conducted experiments in the introduction and growing of many plants of economic importance. He attempted to grow "Cinchona" in 1881, at a time when quinine was valuable.
He died from tuberculosis at the Gravenstein Ranch in Santa Cruz and was buried in the Odd Fellows' Cemetery. He was married to Jennie Barry and they had three children.


Westphalian horse

The Westphalian or Westfalen is a warmblood horse bred in the Westphalia region of western Germany. The Westphalian is closely affiliated with the state-owned stud farm of Warendorf, which it shares with the Rhinelander. Since World War II, the Westphalian horse has been bred to the same standard as the other German warmbloods, and they are particularly famous as Olympic-level show jumpers and dressage horses. Next to the Hanoverian, the Westphalian studbook has the largest breeding population of any warmblood in Germany.
History.
Warendorf.
The history of the Westphalian horse is linked with the State Stud of Warendorf, which was founded in 1826 to serve both the Prussian provinces of Westphalia and Rheinland. The stud was built under the Prussian Stud Administration, which was put together by King Frederick William I in 1713 to improve horse breeding efforts in the German-speaking region. Government-owned studs, identified as "State" or "Principal" studs depending on whether the facility keeps its own herd of mares, purchase stallions that fit the needs of the surrounding region. The stud fees of state-owned stallions are low, enabling local breeders to produce high-quality horses from heavy drafts to riding horses to ponies.
The first stallions to stand at Warendorf were from East Prussia, and so were similar to Trakehners of the time. These horses were riding horses with Thoroughbred blood, suitable for the courtiers to ride and use in cavalry. As the human population between the Rhine and Weser rivers grew, the demand shifted to a medium-heavy all-purpose farm horse to cope with the increase in agriculture. The noble East Prussian stallions were replaced with heavy warmbloods from Oldenburg and East Frisia.
The turn of the 20th century saw the heavy warmbloods outdone in the region by the more suitable Rhenish Cold Blood. These horses were better able to pull heavy plows and artillery, and so while they were principally bred around the Wickrath State Stud, warmblood sires at Warendorf were gradually replaced by cold bloods. The revolutions in automotive and agricultural technology that these heavy horses helped make possible made them obsolete in turn. In 1957 the Wickrath State Stud was dissolved as the heavy horses fell out of favor.The stock of warmblood horses was replenished with mares and stallions from nearby Hannover, on which the modern Westphalian is based.
The Federal Riding School was incorporated to the state stud in 1968. It is the site of the training and examination of nationally licensed professional riders and instructors, and is also home to the German Equestrian Olympic Committee. Warendorf also hosts stallion performance tests annually.
Westphalian studbook.
The first studbook for horses in Westphalia was founded in 1888, and the following year the first evaluations of stallions and mares were carried out. These inspections became the defining characteristic of the Westphalian, as they had for other warmbloods. The breeders of the best fillies were awarded a prize or premium as an incentive to keep high-quality breeding stock in the region. Only the very best colts, the young male horses that most closely fit what the local breeders wanted in a horse, were allowed to become breeding stallions. The first performance tests were held in 1905. These performance tests meant that stallions had now to not only fit a conformational model to be used for breeding, but also had to prove their worth under saddle and in front of the plow.
World War II destroyed all the old pedigree records that had been kept so carefully. The next mare evaluation wasn't held until 1946, when a new breeding aim was implemented - a riding horse. Within 30 years, this new aim was coming to fruition: the 100-day test was implemented in 1982, and a Westphalian, Ahlerich, took gold in dressage at the Los Angeles Olympics of 1984.
While over the past decade, other registries have split their breeding stock into jumper-type and dressage-type, the Westphalian verband resists specialization. Instead, Westphalians are bred to be good movers with high rideability and jumping ability for a market of mostly amateurs who appreciate versatile, pleasant horses.
Breed Characteristics.
Westphalians are bred to the same standard as the other German warmbloods and in particular exchange a great deal of genetic material with the nearby Rhinelander and Hanoverian. The standard for all German riding horses calls for an appealing, long-lined, correct riding horse with bold, expansive, elastic gaits, suitable for all types of riding due to its temperament, character, and rideability. The Westphalian's type is less refined than that of a Thoroughbred, but less coarse than that of a "cold blood". Westphalians usually stand between at the withers and weigh between 1000 and 1300 lbs.
The Westphalian registry, or "verband", does not discriminate on color or markings, however, colors other than black, bay, chestnut, and grey are rare. The best way to identify a Westphalian is by the brand on the left hip: a crowned shield containing the letter "W" which Westphalians receive when they are awarded their papers at a foal show.
Uses.
Westphalians are bred to be suitable for pleasure riding and competitive in dressage and show jumping. As of September 2010, the studbook was ranked #6 worldwide in show jumping, #5 in dressage and #12 in eventing by the World Breeding Federation for Sport Horses.
Olympians bearing the Westphalian brand appeared during the 1980s. The first was Ahlerich (by Angelo xx) who took individual gold in dressage at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics. At the 1988 Seoul Olympics, individual dressage gold was won by Rembrandt (by Romadour II), who with Ahlerich was on the gold-medal German dressage team, while Pikeur Pedro (by Pilot) was part of the gold-medal German jumping team that year. In 1992 Rembrandt took individual dressage gold again, while teammate Goldstern (by Weinberg) took bronze. The two horses were part of the gold-medal German dressage team in Barcelona. At the Atlanta Olympics in 1996, Goldstern and Durgo (by Degen) were both part of the gold-medal German dressage team. Most recently, Farbenfroh (by Freudentaenzer) was a member of the gold-medal German dressage team at the 2000 Sydney Olympics.
Westphalian breeding has produced a number of sires very influential to sport horse breeding, including Polydor and his half brother Pilot, and Rubinstein. These families are significant for jumping and dressage respectively.
Westphalians are also popular in North America in show hunter competition.
Breeding.
Young stallion prospects - "koraspirants" - are presented at a number of preselection events at Wickrath in Rhineland and Muenster-Handorf in Westphalia. The preselection is a general appraisal of the quality of the colt in terms of his movement and conformation. There are no scores, but those colts which appear to fit the standard and be of breeding quality are invited to the main stallion licensing - "hauptkorung" - at Warendorf. Of the over 500 "koraspirants" presented in 2007, only a fifth were invited to the main licensing.
The licensing ("korung") of both Rhinelander and Westphalian colts occurs at Warendorf State Stud in November. Each horse is scored on his conformation and on the straightness of his walk and trot. The breed judges look for a horse without deviations in the legs, correct angles in the hindlegs, and the overall appearance of a good riding horse. His height is measured to ensure that he meets a minimum standard, even though most warmbloods continue to grow beyond the age of 4. He is also evaluated on the expressiveness and elasticity of his walk, trot and canter, and his ability to jump while loose in a controlled, covered arena. The champion, vice-champion, and the best jumper are announced at the end of the licensing, as well as which stallions have earned the license. Many stallions change hands at the licensing during the auction that follows. About half of the colts that attended the "korung" were licensed in 2007.
The final step to becoming an approved Westphalian breeding stallion is the performance proof. A few exceptional horses may be able to prove themselves by open competition in sport, which can take years. Stallion performance tests were developed as a more efficient method of identifying the riding qualities of a young horse. Licensed stallions are sent to a testing station for a period of 30 or 70 days, where they receive training from affiliated professionals. Over the course of the training period, the trainers and riders become well-acquainted with the young stallion's virtues and shortcomings. The scores provide insight to their aptitude for dressage, aptitude for jumping, robustness, rideability, willingness, and temperament.
The 100-day test was held in Muenster-Handorf from 1982 to 2000, and has since been replaced by the 70-day version.
The strict selection procedure applied to breeding stock ensures that Westphalians are generally free of congenital diseases. They are usually sound and long-lived.
Controversy.
In the United States, Rhinelanders are sometimes represented as Westphalians to buyers. While the two studbooks have the same standard and same approval process, and share a state stud facility, they remain distinct studbooks. Sellers may be motivated by the lack of a North American counterpart to the Rhinelander verband, and potential confusion of "Rhinelander" with Zweibrücker, which are registered by the "Rheinland-Pfalz Saar International" organization.


Oude molen (Kruiningen)

The Oude molen (""Old Mill"" in Dutch) is a windmill in Kruiningen in the Dutch province of Zeeland.
The windmill was built in 1801 and remained in operation until 1953. In 1959 it was purchased by the municipality. Between 1964 and 1965, and between 1986 and 1992, the mill was completely restored. In 2001 the mill as a whole was moved slightly after the windage on the old spot was affected. A voluntary miller, the mill is in operation regularly.
The rods of the mill are approximately 20.70 meters long and feature the traditional Dutch fencing with sails. The mill is equipped with two pairs of millstones.


Finnish Ayrshire

The Finnish Ayrshire is the most common cattle in Finland (74%). The breed stems from the importation of around 1600 Ayrshire cattle from Scotland and Sweden from 1847-1923. The Finnish Ayrshire is bred with the Swedish Red Cattle (SRB) and local Norwegian cow breeds to breed the Norwegian Red, which is the dominant breed in Norway. Semen is therefore imported from the Finnish Ayrshire to use for Norwegian Reds. In 2008, just one Finnish Ayrshire was used as the father of all Norwegian Reds.
Finnish Ayrshires are most often horned and red-brown, with a calm disposition. Annual milk production can be up to 7400 kg, with 4.36% fat and 3.36% protein. The average living weight is 540 kg for grown cows.


List of French cattle breeds

This is a list of the cattle breeds considered in France to be wholly or partly of French origin. Some may have complex or obscure histories, so inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively French. The list includes breeds from the overseas territories of France.


Taratahi Agricultural Training Centre

Taratahi Agricultural Training Centre (in receivership) is a tertiary provider offering full and part-time agriculture training courses. Established in 1919 as a training farm in central Wairarapa for men returning from World War I, it was known as the Wairarapa Cadet Training Farm. Today the centre operates under an Act of Parliament (the Taratahi Agricultural Training Centre (Wairarapa) Act 1969), and consists of a full-time residential campus near Masterton and six non-residential campuses in Northland, Auckland, Taranaki, Waikato, Hawke's Bay, and Southland. Taratahi has also acquired a campus in Telford, situated in Balclutha in the South Island. The Telford location is also a full-time residential campus.
Taratahi Agricultural Training Centre offers a number of full-time and part-time courses in agriculture, from Level 1, which is delivered through the national schools programme, right through to Level 5 diplomas in agriculture.
In December 2018, Taratahi was placed into receivership by the High Court of New Zealand over its failure to fully repay fees it had been ordered to refund in 2014.
In July 2020 the Centre was reopened to host fully-funded Ag Contracting and Primary Industry Training courses. The programmes are delivered in partnership with the Ministry for Primary Industries, Eastern Institute of Technology (EIT) and Universal College of Learning (UCOL). The courses began in July 2020 and run until December 2020, information, applications and enrolments are via the agtaster.kiwi website.
History.
Taratahi Agricultural Training Centre was established in 1919 in central Wairarapa as a training farm for men returning from the First World War. The original costs were funded by gifts and public donations with a further Government contribution. The original centre commenced operation with 60 men receiving practical farm training. Later the farm was used for various purposes related to training in agricultural skills.
After the Second World War, Taratahi was again made available to returned servicemen. From 1944 to 1950, 80 men passed through the farm under the Rehabilitation Department's Scheme, prior to settling onto their own farms. In 1951, the Trustees decided to carry out extensive improvements and enlarged the activities of the farm to provide training for young people between the ages of 16 – 20 years.
For a long time Taratahi was known as the Wairarapa Cadet Training Farm. It changed its name in the early 1980s to Taratahi Agricultural Training Centre. Taratahi is governed under the terms of the Taratahi Agricultural Training Centre (Wairarapa) Act 1969.
The main Taratahi campus is situated 11 km south of Masterton, the Wairarapa’s largest town. Taratahi are within 1½ hours of both Palmerston North and Wellington. The campus is situated in the heart of the dairy operation. The classrooms and workshops are all on campus as well. There are a number of other properties within the Wairarapa that are owned, leased, and managed by Taratahi.
In 2014, Taratahi was ordered to repay $8.6 million for courses it had failed to deliver. In 2018, about half had been paid back, and the High Court of New Zealand ordered that it be placed in receivership and its assets liquidated.
Facilities.
The Wairarapa campus has:
Each room contains a bed, desk, wardrobe and heater. There are eight accommodation ‘pods’ which include eight student rooms plus a kitchenette, sitting room, and ablution facilities.


Roger Pilkington (collector)

Roger Pilkington (died 1969) was a collector of Chinese ceramics and a member of the Pilkington glass-making family.


Paper Excellence

Paper Excellence is a privately held manufacturer of pulp and specialty, printing, writing, and packaging papers with operations in Canada and Brazil. The company is financially based in the Netherlands with its headquarters in Richmond, British Columbia. It is the second largest pulp and paper producer in Canada.
History.
Paper Excellence was founded in 2007 by its sole owner, Jackson Widjaja. That year the company purchased a pulp mill in Meadow Lake, Saskatchewan, the first of many acquisitions in Canada. By 2010, Paper Excellence owned four pulp mills in British Columbia, as well as mills in Saskatchewan, Nova Scotia, and Alberta.
In 2011, Paper Excellence purchased Northern Pulp Nova Scotia, along with its nursery and woodland operation. The company manages 250,000 hectares of forest land and a tree nursery that produces six million seedlings annually.
In 2013, the company bought a pulp mill in Skookumchuck, B.C., from Tembec Inc., followed by the 2014 purchase of Chetwynd Mechanical Pulp Mill. Paper Excellence invested $50 million to modernize the Chetwynd plant, which had been idle since 2012.
By 2015, Paper Excellence had become the second-largest pulp and paper producer in Canada with 7 mills in Canada and 3 in Europe.
In 2017, Paper Excellence expanded their presence to Brazil with the purchase of Eldorado Brasil Cellulose SA. In 2018, the company purchased British Columbia-based Catalyst Paper Corp., a deal the B.C. government said would secure the livelihoods of about 1,500 forest workers in Crofton, Alberni and Powell River.
By 2018, Paper Excellence had the capacity to produce two million tons of pulp a year.
In May 2021 the company acquired Domtar for $3 billion.
Operations.
Paper Excellence manufactures Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp for the paper industry and Bleached Chemi Thermal Mechanical Pulp (BCTMP), which is used to make packaging, papers, tissues, towels, and other specialty products. Through its Catalyst mills, Paper Excellence also produces printing papers, specialty, and packaging papers.


Karl Fritz Lauer

Karl Fritz Lauer (11 April 1938 – 5 June 2018) was a Romanian-German agricultural scientist in phytopathology and herbology.
Biography.
Lauer was born son of a German teacher and vice-notary in Banat, his older brother was the journalist Heinrich Lauer. Lauer started school in Vienna in 1944 during the family's flight from the ravages of war. After the war he returned to Banat and attended elementary school, then a middle school for the food industry and evening Lyceum in Timișoara where he took the final exams.
He then studied at the Agricultural University of Timișoara and qualified with a diploma in Agricultural Engineering (1965) and a doctorate of agriculture under Anghel (1974). He later worked for the Land Registry in Timișoara, completed his military service in Ploiești and worked at the Agricultural Experimental Station Lovrin.
After relocation to West Germany in 1981. He first worked as a scientist at the Botanical Institute of the University of Regensburg before taking over the management of the scientific field research for southern Germany for Rhône-Poulenc from 1983 to 1995.
In 1991, Lauer was appointed Honorary Professor for Plant Protection at the Agricultural University of Banat in Timișoara and he also taught this subject at the TU (Technical University) of Munich in Freising. From 1996 on he was a lecturer in Herbology at the Fachhochschule Weihenstephan and supervised Ph. D. students at Timișoara Agricultural University during their research and preparation of their dissertations, himself receiving an honorary doctorate.
Together with Păun Otiman he was an initiator of the re-opening in 2007 of the Vojteg Agricultural School, and served on its advisory board until his death. Also with the University Rectors Alexandru Moisuc (2004–2012), Paul Pirsan (2012–2016) and Cosmin Alin Popescu (since February 2016), he maintained intense relationships to build international contacts. In the European research project Biofector he was especially in the field experiments an important team member.
Lauer was married and lived with his wife in Leonberg; they had two children.


Langra

The 'Langra' mango, also known as Banarasi Langra, is a mango cultivar primarily grown in Varanasi, or Banaras, Northern India, Bangladesh and Pakistan. In some part of northern India and in Bihar 'Langra' mango is also known as 'Danka' Mango.
This cultivar retains a greenish tinge while ripening. It is normally harvested during the last half of July. Around 2006, it was known to be gaining popularity on the international market. It is considered suitable for slicing and canning.
Leaves.
The leaf blades have an oval-lanceolate shape and are flat to slightly folded. The apexes are acuminate to sub-acuminate. The secondary veins are arranged as sub-opposite to alternate. They have been measured as follows:


Nils M. Kulstad

Nils Jørgen August Mikalsen Kulstad (15 January 1866 – 17 December 1947) was a Norwegian farmer, savings bank director and politician for the Liberal Party.
He was born at Kulstad in Vefsn as a son of farmers Michal Nasen Kulstad (1833–1887) and Oline Marie Olsdatter (1843–1869). He was a grandson of politician Nils I. Kulstad. He attended school until 1882, and started working at the family farm which he took over in 1887. Between 1881 and 1897 he spent the winters fishing outside of Lofoten. After serving as board member since 1893, Kulstad was also hired as treasurer of the local savings bank Vefsn Sparebank in 1904. Between 1924 and 1936 he was the bank's chief executive.
He served as a member of Vefsn municipal council for several terms, last in 1928. He served as mayor in 1895, 1896, 1902, 1903 and 1904. He also chaired the school board and served as public trustee. In the parliamentary elections of 1900 and 1903 he served as an elector. He was later elected to the Parliament of Norway from Nordre Helgeland in 1909, 1912 and 1918 and (after a constituency reform) from Nordland in 1921. He did not field in the 1915 election.
From 1920 to 1929 he was a deputy board member of the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate. He died in December 1947.


Tilori Kunbi

Tilori Kunbi is an agricultural community in the Konkan division of Maharashtra, India.
They are found in Mumbai, Thane, Palghar, Raigad, Ratnagiri, and Sindhudurg districts. The OBC status is accorded to the Kunbis. The Kuladevatas mainly worship shivling) Shiva or Shakti as Khandoba or Bhavani.
Some of the members from Mumbai, Palghar, Thane and Raigad, who were converted to Christianity by portuguese have been amalgated into East Indian Catholic community.
Main festivals of this community are Shimagotsav, Ganesh Chaturthi and Gudhi Padhava. Language differs from region to region for example in Ratnagiri district they speak Sangmeshwari konkani while in Sindhudurg district they speak Malvani konkani, similarly in Raigad district they speak Bankoti konkani, whereas in Thane, Palghar and Mumbai districts they speak Aagri / East Indian Marathi.
References.
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/1-East-Indian-in-family-Then-all-are-counted-in-census/articleshow/50710449.cms


Smooth Collie

The Smooth Collie is a breed of dog developed originally for herding. It is a short-coated version of the Rough Collie of Lassie fame. Some breed organisations consider the smooth-coat and rough-coat dogs to be variations of the same breed.
History.
The early history of the Smooth Collie, like that of many dog breeds, is largely a matter of speculation. Even the origin of the breed's name is unclear, variously claimed to describe the early shepherd dog's dark colour ("coaly"), or derived from the name of a breed of sheep with black faces once commonly kept in Scotland ("Colley"), or derived from an Anglo-Saxon word meaning "useful." The word could also trace to Gaelic or/and Irish - in which the words for "doggie" are, respectively, "càilean" and "cóilean". This would be more consistent with the breed's origin in the Gaelic-speaking Scottish Highlands than an Anglo-Saxon term.
The modern history of both the Smooth and Rough Collie began in the reign of Queen Victoria, who became interested in the shepherds' dogs while at Balmoral Castle in Scotland. In 1860, she purchased some of the dogs for her own kennel. With the Queen's interest, it became fashionable to own Smooth Collies. Thus began the breed's transformation from working farm dog, similar to the modern Border collie, to the dog bred as a pet and for the sport of conformation showing that we know today.
The Smooth Collie today is considered a variety of the same breed as the Rough Collie in the United States, Canada, meaning that they can interbreed and some statistics are kept only for "Collie" rather than for both varieties individually. The smooth and rough are classified as separate breeds in other countries, such as the United Kingdom, and Australia. The latter is a fairly recent development, however, with the Kennel Club (UK) allowing the interbreeding of the two varieties until 1993.
Description.
Appearance.
The Smooth Collie is a medium-large dog, ranging in size from for females and for males at the shoulder; weights vary from for females up to for males. Standard size for the breed is in the United States and Canada for females and for males at the shoulder; for example, for the AKC, the range is and .
The Smooth Collie is slightly longer than it is tall, with a level back and a deep chest. The features of the head, particularly the "sweet" expression, are considered very important in the show ring. The breed has a long muzzle, flat skull, and semi-erect ears (although, in practice, the ears typically must be folded over and taped in puppyhood, or they will usually be fully upright in the adult dog).
Coat.
The coat consists of a soft, extremely dense undercoat and straight, harsh outer guard hairs. The guard hairs are one to two inches long, with the longer hair mainly in a ruff around the neck and on the backs of the thighs. The coat requires a thorough weekly brushing. Shedding is moderate most of the year, heavy during the twice-yearly shedding season.
Colour.
Smooth Collies come in four colours: sable (Lassie's colour; can be light gold to deep mahogany); tricolour (black, with tan and white markings); and blue merle (silvery gray marbled with black, and tan markings), all marked with white areas on the chest, neck, feet/legs, and tail tip. An additional colour is white (these Collies are predominantly white, with heads and usually a body spot of sable, tri, or blue colour). The fourth colour is sable merle, which is a light stippled version of sable, sometimes (as with blue merle) accompanied by blue or merled (parti-coloured) eyes. Blue eyes or merled eyes in a non-blue merle collie are not disqualifications in the AKC standard although they are heavily penalised. There are, however, plenty of blue-eyed or merled-eyed sable merle collies who are AKC breed champions.
Temperament.
The Smooth Collie is generally a sociable, easily trained family dog. Although not an aggressive breed, they are alert and vocal, making them both good watchdogs if well trained and potential nuisances if allowed to bark indiscriminately. Collies are agile and active dogs and need regular exercise in some way. This breed is easy to train, due to its high intelligence and eagerness to please its owners. Training this breed requires a light touch, as they are sensitive to correction and shy away from harsh treatment. They get along well with children and other animals, usually getting along with other dogs.
Smooth Collies are used both as family pets and in obedience competition, agility, herding trials, and other dog sports. Some are still used as working sheepdogs. They are also very useful as assistance dogs for the disabled.
Health.
The Smooth Collie is a long-lived breed for its size, usually living 12 to 14 years. Like all dog breeds, they are susceptible to certain inherited or partially inherited health problems. Those problems currently include:
Work and sports.
Smooth Collies can compete in dog agility trials, obedience, showmanship, flyball, tracking, search and rescue (SAR), assistance dog and herding events. Herding instincts and trainability can be measured at noncompetitive herding tests. Collies exhibiting basic herding instincts can be trained to compete in herding trials.


Johan Syrstad

Johan Syrstad (3 February 1924 – 16 December 2019) was a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party.
He was born in Meldal as a son of Ivar Syrstad (1893–1973) and Johanna Syrstadeng (1898–1999). He attended folk high school from 1941 to 1942, took the examen artium in 1946 and one-year economical and agricultural schools. From 1950 to his retirement in 1988 he owned and operated the family farm Syrstad. He was also director of the local savings bank from 1983 to 1991.
He was a member of Meldal municipal council from 1955 to 1975, the last twelve years in the executive committee. He chaired the county party chapter from 1960 to 1966. He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Sør-Trøndelag during the terms 1961–1965, 1965–1969, 1969–1973 and 1973–1977. From 1968 to 1971 he moved up as a regular representative, filling in for Per Borten who led Borten's Cabinet. From 1972 to 1973 he filled in for Einar Hole Moxnes who was appointed to Korvald's Cabinet. Syrstad was then elected to Parliament in 1977, and re-elected in 1981. He was chief whip of his party from 1969 to 1971, and his most prestigious committee position was as deputy chair of the Standing Committee on Agriculture from 1981 to 1985.
He was deputy chair of the Norwegian State Agriculture Bank's council from 1965 to 1979, and also chair of Meldal Sparebank from 1968 to 1983. Around this time he also sat in the Frostating Court of Appeal. He was later a board member of Pengelotteriet from 1985 to 1992. As a Lutheran Christian he was a member of the local congregational council in Meldal from 1954 to 1973 and 1985 to 1988, chairing it from 1967 to 1973 and briefly in 1986. He was also a national board member of the Norwegian Missionary Society from 1972 to 1978, later leader of its protocol committee from 1990 to 1993.
However, his career mainly centred on the dairy farmers' organizations. From 1951 to 1969 he chaired the supervisory council of the local dairy Meldal Meieri, and from 1968 to 1978 he chaired the regional copperative Trøndelag melkesentral. In the nationwide cooperative Norske Meieriers Salgssentral he became a board member in 1971, advanced to deputy chair in 1975 and chairman from 1978 to 1982. He was also a board member of Norske Melkeprodusenters Landsforbund from 1971, and chair from 1978 to 1981. These two organizations merged in 1999 to form the cooperative Tine. Incidentally, Johan Syrstad's neighbor Kåre Syrstad had then served as chair of the cooperative since 1991. Johan Syrstad was also a board member of Landbrukets Sentralforbund from 1978 to 1981 and a supervisory council member of the Norwegian Agrarian Association from 1975 to 1982.


Coonawarra wine region

The Coonawarra wine region is a wine region centred on the town of Coonawarra in the Limestone Coast zone of South Australia. It is known for the Cabernet Sauvignon wines produced on its "terra rossa" soil. The name has been said to have originated in Bindjali, an Aboriginal language, meaning "wild honeysuckle". It is about south-east of Adelaide, close to the border with Victoria.
History.
The Aboriginal Australians living in the area when Europeans arrived were the Bindjali people, The word "coonawarra" is reported to have been their word for honeysuckle, although this meaning has also been ascribed to Penola by the same source.
The first vines were planted by John Riddoch at Yallum, South Australia in 1890. Only the Redman family of Rouge Homme continued to produce table wine during this period, during which Shiraz was the main grape variety grown.
Fortunes changed when Samuel Wynn recognised the potential of the strip of terra rossa soil, and bought the original Riddoch cellars in 1951. Led by Wynns and Penfolds, Coonawarra was to play a leading role in the transformation of the Australian wine industry as it changed from making fortified wines to conventional table wines.
Geology.
Coonawarra's terra rossa soil is one of the notable terroirs of the New World, covering an area of just 15 km x 2 km north of Penola. It lies on a shallow limestone ridge, raising it above the swampy land either side – it is no coincidence that the Riddoch Highway follows this ridge as carters sought the firmest ground in times past. This special bright red soil is clearly visible on an aerial photo.
To the west of the ridge lies black rendzina soil which is poorly drained, and so is much less favourable for vines. There is also a 'transitional', or brown rendzina, soil which grows vines quite successfully. This geological complexity led to many disputes during an eight-year period before Coonawarra was entered on the Register of Protected Names. At least one vineyard (belonging to Penola High School) has the boundary pass through the middle.
Climate.
Being just 60 km from the sea, Coonawarra has a somewhat maritime climate not dissimilar to Bordeaux. During the growing season, there is just 219mm rainfall (Oct-Apr), out of 585mm annually. Extensive cloud cover keeps the temperature down to 19.1 °C in January.
Grape varieties.
Coonawarra is synonymous with Cabernet Sauvignon, full of plum and blackcurrant fruit, so much so that successes with other grape varieties is overlooked. In the early days Shiraz was the most widely planted grape, and it produces some star wines such as Wynns Coonawarra Estate Michael Shiraz (formerly Michael Hermitage). The limestone geology also suits Chardonnay, Riesling, and Sauvignon blanc.
Wineries.
Coonawarra has a membership organisation for wineries, the Coonawarra Vignerons Association. Some of the wineries with cellar doors include Wynns Coonawarra Estate. Other wineries who use fruit from the Coonawarra include Yalumba and Penfolds.


Post mill Rosmalen

Post mill Rosmalen (Dutch: Standerdmolen Rosmalen) is a post mill in Rosmalen, Netherlands. The mill is situated in the neighbourhood of Molenhoek. The mill was built in 1732 on a natural slope. This slope is accented with old millstones.
In the past there were several mills in Rosmalen, but this mill is the only one remaining. After the Second World War the mill was damaged, and there were plans to demolish the mill. Because the mill became a rijksmonument, the mill was restored. The owner of the mill is the municipality of 's-Hertogenbosch


West Side Community Garden

The West Side Community Garden is a privately owned park in Manhattan, New York City, United States. It is located between West 89th Street and West 90th Street in the middle of the block between Amsterdam Avenue and Columbus Avenue.
History.
The WestSide Community Garden was founded in 1975 on a large vacant lot filled with garbage and stripped cars locally known as "strip city" which fronted on Columbus Avenue between West 89th and 90th streets. The vacant lot was designated development Site 35 by the city and was part of the comprehensive West Side Urban Renewal Plan. The WestSide Community Garden was incorporated in 1983 as a New York State Not For Profit organization with the help of the Trust for Public Land. About the same time, the city awarded Site 35 development rights to the developers Jerry Kretchmer and Joe Wasserman. A long negotiation with the developers and the Community Planning Board 7 began and in 1985 the garden won the right to permanent garden status in the Community board by one vote. It was subsequently approved by the NYC City Planning Board, the City Council and the Mayor. This set aside for a permanent garden in Manhattan.
The new garden would be about one third of the original Garden site and a memorandum of understanding was signed with the developer for the design and development of the permanent garden. Community garden members developed the concept for the public flower park and amphitheater, and landscape designer Terry Schnadelback designed the Garden based on that concept. Construction began fall 1987 and the new garden was ready Summer 1988. The land was deeded to the WestSide Community Garden Inc. in a complicated seven-hour, three-part closing, the day before Thanksgiving in 1989 - from the City to the developer, to Trust for Public Land - to the garden entity. The closing took place in small room in downtown Manhattan and each representatives for entity involved was present with their team of attorneys as well as the title company.
The gardens.
About two thirds of the property is devoted to flowers and one third to vegetables and herbs. Gardeners maintain and use the greenhouse at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine to raise almost all the flowers planted out at the garden, and coordinate the work load and donate plants to the Cathedral gardens, the Broadway Mall Gardeners, Riverside Park gardeners, the 111th Street garden and other neighborhood gardens.
In the gated vegetable garden area near West 90th Street, there are 87 individual vegetable beds,6 school class plots, a berry patch and a rose garden. There are also community compost bins by the "Compost Gate" where neighbors may deposit their coffee grounds and other vegetable waste. Along the west fence is a community herb bed, and espaliered fruit trees. There are more fruit trees planted along 90th Street and a large persimmon tree that produces fruit each autumn.
Outside the vegetable fence is a walkway between West 90th Street and 89th Streets, a favored mid-block easement pass-through for the neighborhood. Along that path near 90th street is a perennial garden by the vegetable garden fence. A shade garden holds river birches, chinese cedar trees and ornamental shrubs along the buildings on the east side of the pathway. At the midpoint between 89th and 90th Streets is a large rockery designed by Nadia Zamichow, and a trellis on both sides with seating. All the plantings in these areas are Community plantings open to volunteers and members. Near 89th Street is a tiered floral amphitheater with 26 Flower plots assigned to individual Flower Committee members. In the middle of the amphitheater is a sunken lawn oval - which serves as a playing area for the yearly children's Shakespeare Festival, and a seating area for the Sunday Summer Concert series,"Music in a Garden."


Wirehaired Vizsla

The Wirehaired Vizsla ( ; ; English plural: Vizslas or sometimes Vizslak, based on the Hungarian plural vizslák ), is a dog breed originating in Hungary. Wirehaired Vizslas are known as excellent hunting dogs, and also have a level personality making them suited for families. The Wirehaired Vizsla is a versatile, natural hunter endowed with an excellent nose and an above average trainability. Although they are lively, gentle mannered, demonstrably affectionate and sensitive, they are also fearless and possessed of a well-developed protective instinct. The breed has a firmness on point, is an excellent retriever, and has the determination to remain on the scent even when swimming. The overall appearance embodies the qualities of a multi-purpose pointing dog, endurance, working ability and an easily satisfied nature. This is a dog of power and drive in the field, yet is a tractable and affectionate companion in the home.
Description.
Appearance.
The Wirehaired Vizsla is a wire-coated hunting dog, with a distinguished appearance and bearing. They have a lean build and are very robust. The coat is an attractive russet to golden sand in color. Where permitted the tail may be docked to three-fourths of its original length.
Color and coat.
The Wirehaired Vizsla is a rare dog breed in Hungary with an estimated 30 litters (approximately 140-150 dogs) being registered annually.
The coat is wiry, close-lying, strong, and dense, long with a dense, water-repellent undercoat. The outline of the body is not to be hidden by the longer coat. Pronounced eyebrows along with a strong, harsh beard, long on both sides of the muzzle reinforce the determined expression. The coat should never be long, soft, silky, shaggy, crinkle, wooly, thin, lacking undercoat or lacking brushes on the legs.
Size.
Overall symmetry and balance are more important than mere measurable size.
Temperament.
Like the Vizsla, Wirehaired Vizslas are very high energy, gentle-mannered, loyal, caring, and highly affectionate. They quickly form close bonds with their owners, including children. They are quiet dogs, only barking if necessary or if they are provoked.
They are natural hunters with an excellent ability to take training. Not only are they great pointers, but they are excellent retrievers as well. They will retrieve on land and in the water, making the most of their natural instincts. However, they must be trained gently and without harsh commands or strong physical correction, as they have sensitive temperaments and can be easily damaged if trained too harshly (Gottlieb, 1992). Vizslas are excellent swimmers and often swim in pools if one is available. Like all gun dogs, Vizslas require a good deal of exercise to remain healthy and happy. Thirty minutes to an hour of exercise daily in a large off-leash area is optimal (Coffman 1992).
The Wirehaired Vizsla thrives on attention, exercise, and interaction. It is highly intelligent, and enjoys being challenged and stimulated, both mentally and physically. Vizslas that do not get enough attention and exercise can easily become destructive or hyperactive. Under-stimulated Vizslas may also become depressed or engage in obsessive-compulsive behaviours such as persistent licking (Coffman 1992). Vizslas are very gentle dogs that are great around children. The Vizsla wants to be close to its owner as much of the time as possible. Many Vizslas will sleep in bed with their owners if allowed, burrowing under the covers.
History.
The less usual Wirehaired Vizsla is a completely separate breed from its more commonly seen smooth-coated cousin. The Wirehaired Vizsla was developed in the 1930s, initially by Vasas Jozsef, owner of the Csabai vizsla kennel along with Gresznarik Laszlo, who owned the de Selle German Wirehaired Pointer kennel. Their aim was to produce a dog that combined the color of the Vizsla with a heavier coat, and a more substantial frame, better suited for working in cold weather and retrieving from icy water.
Two Vizsla bitches (Zsuzsi and Csibi), both of whom combined excellent pedigrees with good working ability, were selected to breed with a totally liver colored German Wirehaired Pointer sire (Astor von Potat). Zsuzsi's sire was known to have offspring with longer coats. The best of Zsuzsi's and Csibi's offspring were selected and bred together and Dia de Selle, the first WHV to be exhibited, was born. She had the same body as the shorthaired vizsla, but her head was the shape of the German Wirehaired Pointer. While her coat was not rough and thick enough, she was the promising beginning of the creation of the new breed.
Anecdotal history suggests the added infusion of Pudelpointer, Bloodhound and Irish Setter blood during the period of the Second World War when many other Hungarian kennels became involved in the development of the breed. It has also previously, but incorrectly been suggested that the breed was created by backbreeding of smooth Vizsla's most heavily coated offspring (Gottlieb, idem).
There are approximately 400-450 Wirehaired Vizslas in the US and between 2,500 and 3,000 worldwide.
Official recognition.
The Wirehaired Vizsla was recognized in Europe by the FCI under the Hungarian standard in 1986.
Introduced to North America in the 1970s, the breed was first recognized by the Canadian Kennel Club in 1977 and North American Versatile Hunting Dog Association in 1986. The breed was recognized by the United Kennel Club in 2006.
It was recognized by the Australian National Kennel Council in 2007.
The breed was admitted into AKC's Foundation Stock Service Program in 2008. Effective January 1, 2009, the Wirehaired Vizsla became eligible to compete in AKC Companion and Performance events. The Wirehaired Vizsla was permitted to show in conformation in the AKC Miscellaneous Class starting January 1, 2011. They joined the Sporting Group and became a fully recognized breed on July 2, 2014.
They are also recognized by in North America by the American Rare Breed Association, as well as Field Dog Stud Book registries.
Common illnesses.
Although the Wirehaired Vizsla is not generally considered as a sickly dog, breeding from a small number of dogs has led to heritable illnesses in some offspring, including:
Responsible breeders do not select dogs for breeding if they have such inherent problems.


Dominique chicken

The Dominique, also known as Dominicker or Pilgrim Fowl, is a breed of chicken ("Gallus gallus domesticus") originating in the United States during the colonial period. It is considered America's oldest breed of chicken, probably descending from chickens brought to New England from southern England during colonial times. By the 19th century, they were widely popular and were raised in many parts of the country. Dominiques are a dual purpose breed, being valued for their meat as well as for their brown eggs. They weigh at maturity. In earlier times, their feathers were much sought after as stuffing for pillows and mattresses.
History.
This breed was first documented in the Northeast United States around Boston, Massachusetts and other major hubs of development. After the Plymouth Rock breed was developed from the Dominiques in the 1870s, the Dominiques' popularity declined, until by 1950 they were so rare as to be considered nearly extinct. During the 1970s, Dominiques were listed in "Critical" status by the American Livestock Breeds Conservancy, with fewer than 500 breeding birds in North America. However, due to a revival of interest in them and other rare breeds, the Dominiques have made a comeback and are now listed on the "Watch" list, indicating lesser danger of extinction.
Appearance.
Dominiques are quite distinctive in appearance. They have a rose comb and a heavy plumage of irregularly striped dark grey and light grey feathers (a pattern called "barring" or sometimes "hawk coloring"). This dark/light grey striping is often mistaken for black and white striping. The breed matures quickly, producing eggs at about six months of age.
At first glance, Dominiques and Barred Rocks appear strikingly similar, often leading to confusion when discerning a particular breed. The strongest indicators are the comb, plumage, and color.
Comb.
Dominiques possess a rose comb while Barred Rocks possess a single comb. This is generally the most obvious difference.
Plumage.
Dominiques exhibit staggered barring in their plumage, lending to a somewhat mottled appearance. Barred Rocks exhibit crisp, parallel barring.
Color.
Dominiques exhibit a softer contrast of "not quite black on not quite white", while Barred Rocks exhibit a high-contrast black-on-white color.
Disposition and behavior.
Dominique hens tend to be calm, personable birds (a desirable trait in an egg production bird). Their calm, steady demeanor makes them successful as show birds or family pets. However, Dominique roosters can sometimes be even more aggressive than the Rhode Island Red and have been known to kill small cats, snakes, and even mink.
The hens tend to be good mothers, brooding and raising chicks with a high rate of success.
The Dominique is hardy and a good forager, traits which are attributed to the harsh conditions in which the breed first developed.


Pasta filata

Pasta filata (Italian: "spun paste") is a technique in the manufacture of a family of Italian cheeses also known in English as stretched-curd, pulled-curd, and plastic-curd cheeses. Stretched curd cheeses manufactured from the pasta filata technique undergo a plasticising and kneading treatment of the fresh curd in hot water, which gives the cheese its fibrous structure.
The cheese-making begins in the normal way. The milk (usually from cows or water buffalo) is warmed and curdled and allowed to rest for an hour before the curds are cut into small pieces and the whey is drained off. The curds are allowed to rest for a number of hours. Then follows the "filatura". The curds are steeped for some hours in a bath of very hot whey, or water (for Mozzarella di Bufala Campana the temperature is 95 °C). When they begin to float most of the liquid is removed and the curd is mixed and kneaded until the required soft, elastic, stringy texture is obtained. The mass of curd is divided (often by pulling out a thick strand and chopping it) and shaped into individual cheeses. In the case of mozzarella, the process is now essentially complete–ideally these cheeses should be eaten within a matter of a few days.
For other "formaggi a pasta filata", such as Provolone, Caciocavallo Silano, Pallone di Gravina and Scamorza, further processing is needed: ageing and in some cases brining or smoking.


Raui Pokoati

Papa Raui Pokoati (1911 – 25 March 1981) was a Cook Islands politician. He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly for his home island of Mitiaro between 1965 and 1978.
Biography.
Pokoati was born on Mitiaro in 1911, the son of one of the island's three Ariki. He attended the local London Missionary Society school and went on to become a poultry farmer, planter and a pastor for the Cook Islands Christian Church. He was employed by the Department of Agriculture.
In 1964 Pokoati was a founder member of the Cook Islands Party (CIP) and part of its central committee. Although he had lived on Rarotonga for several years, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly from Mitiaro in 1965, defeating his cousin Titi Tetava Ariki. In mid-1966 he was appointed Assistant to the Minister of Economic Development. He was re-elected unopposed in 1968 and 1972.
Pokoati was re-elected again in 1974, but prior to the 1978 elections he left the CIP, establishing the Unity Party. He lost the election to David Tetava of the CIP. When Tetava's victory was annulled, Titi Tetava Ariki was elected.
In 1977, Pokoati was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal.
He died in March 1981 in Rarotonga hospital at the age of 69, survived by his wife and nine children.


Urella Downs Station

Urella Downs Station is a cattle station in far western New South Wales.
Urella Downs station is located at 29º 36' 52.6" S 143º 03' 44.73" E. that is on Bloodwood Creek east of the Pindera Downs Aboriginal Area, about 900 km west-northwest of Sydney, 140 km north of Whitecliffs and 80 km east of Tibooburra, New South Wales. Urella Downs is at an altitude of about 100m above sea level. The Bulloo River flows through the western portion of the station.
For many years the station was operated by the Taylor family. Nearby cattle stations include the adjoining Caryapundy, Urisino, Salisbury Downs and Thurloo Downs, as well as Bulloo Downs Station, Yancannia Station further away.


Hamilton Downs Station

Hamilton Downs Station was a cattle station west of Alice Springs in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is now a youth camp.
Establishment.
Hamilton Downs was established in 1910 by hotel manager Sid Stanes Jr. and Ted Harris. Its is named after a spring near Jay Creek which was named by John McDouall Stuart in 1860, after his supporter George Hamilton. The first substantial homestead was built in 1913.
By the 1940s, it was run by the Davis Brothers, Pat and John who invested in developing the water infrastructure of the property. by the 1950s the property was turning of over 3000 head of cattle per year.
Queen Elizabeth II visited the station in February 1963, during her Australian tour.
Recent history.
Hamilton Downs has also been the location of a youth camp since March 1978. It was run by Apex Club of Central Australia but is now managed by an independent committee.
Significant restoration works were completed on the homesteads and stables in 1972. Five buildings on the property were heritage listed in 1993. The station celebrated its 100th birthday in 2011.


Federal College of Agriculture, Ishiagu

History.
The Federal College of Agriculture, Ishiagu (popularly known as "FCA Ishiagu") is based in Ishiagu, Ivo Local government area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The college was established in Umudike in 1955 by the government of Eastern Nigeria, was amalgamated with the Agricultural Research Station, Umudike in 1964 and was taken over by the East Central State Government in 1970.
In 1972 the Federal Government took over the college as part of the Federal Agricultural Research and Training Station (FARTS), and in 1976 the school became the training wing of the National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike.
The National Board for Technical Education accredited the college programs in 1989, and again in 1993. The college was relocated to its current site in 1995. The site itself had been started in 1964 as a "Village Agricultural Improvement Project" for 15 villages in Olokoro Clan.


Nevada City Winery

Nevada City Winery is the oldest winery in Nevada City, California, US. Located on Spring Street, its grapes are produced at one of the state's oldest vineyards. It was the first bonded winery to open in Nevada County following Prohibition in the United States. Founded in a garage as Snow Mountain Winery in 1980, it removed to the Miners Foundry Garage in 1982. The original Nevada City Winery was founded in the late 1800s on Spring Street behind the National Hotel.
Production.
The original Nevada City Winery produced 5,000 cases of wines in 1885 from local grapes. In 1990, its production was estimated at 8,000 cases per year, while in 1998, its production was estimated at 9,000 cases. The winery bottles regional varietals such as syrah and zinfandel. In 1990, it was reported to bottle Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc, Gewürztraminer, Petite Sirah, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Zinfandel, as well as sparkling wines. Its labels include names such as Alpenglow, Douce Noir, and Rough and Ready Red.