Millennium Green

Millennium Greens are areas of green space for the benefit of local communities. 245 were created in cities, towns and villages across England to celebrate the turn of the Millennium. Their creation was funded in part by the National Lottery via the Countryside Agency. Each one is different, as local people have had an input into the design of their green.
The project to create 250 Millennium Greens across the turn of the Millennium (2000/2001) was started in 1996 and ended when the last Green was handed over to its own, local charitable trust in perpetuity. Each trust now fundraises for and runs its own green, within the bounds of its trust deed, for the benefit of its local community.
Aims.
The aims of Millennium Greens, as stated in their trust deeds, are as follows:
History.
The project took its inspiration from the Pocket Park project, started in 1984, which had successfully started the idea of communities being directly involved in the creation and maintenance of new parks.
The Millennium Greens scheme was one of many UK projects funded by the Millennium Commission using National Lottery money. It was intended to form part of the permanent legacy of the celebrations of the Turn of the Millennium.
Design of the Greens.
The general blueprint for the design and creation of Millennium Greens specified both green, natural areas and an area suitable for public events. In addition the Trust Deeds all specified that no buildings were to be built on the land and not more than 10% of the land should be made/left as hard areas- paving and car parks etc.
Another requirement of the original sponsors was that they would not provide formal sporting grounds and play equipment, so that no pitches or playground apparatus were to be built with their funds.
Every Millennium Green was to have a Feature: some kind of sculpture or other creation on the Green which could act as a focus for the creation of the Green. Various Greens have chosen something inspired by the history or geography of their locality: a statue, water feature, sun-dial etc. Many of these were unveiled at an official opening ceremony for the Green.
Creation.
The Countryside Agency administered the creation of the Greens, with regional officers studying grant applications and plans, then surveying land and discussing details with local would-be trustees etc. The CA's team suffered from the fact that many of their operatives were on short-term contracts to do this work, encouraging them to look for new work elsewhere, then leave before the end of the project.
Wildlife.
Because having a wildlife area is a part of the aims of creating and running a Millennium Green most Millennium Green trusts maintain an interest in the wildlife of their Greens. Most websites relating to each Green have something to say about the wildlife on their Greens and many have photos and lists of species.
Legacy.
By the end of the scheme, 245 out of the planned 250 Greens were created. Whilst some lessons were learnt about creating such schemes, the Countryside Agency considered the project such a success that it launched a follow-on project to continue creating locally-run public green areas called "Doorstep Greens" in 2001. The CA's successor, Natural England has evaluated both schemes and identified some weaknesses in the plans for both Pocket Parks and Millennium Greens that have made them difficult to create and maintain in perpetuity. Millennium Greens and Doorstep Greens have won numerous Green Pennant Awards. The Royal Mail celebrated the Millennium Green project in its People and Places stamps in the Millennium Collection in 2000.
The Greens were intended to last in perpetuity and, as such, each was set up with a trust deed including requirements to keep the land and have it available for access by the general public. As a charitable trust their operation is controlled by the Charity Commission. Many Millennium Greens were established with formal links to other charities and official bodies. Their deeds enable them to work with commercial sponsors and indeed a number of Greens have used sponsorship to further their aims.
However, as the Greens are reliant on local volunteers to keep going, including finding new trustees and fundraising, not all volunteer-run trusts have survived; a number have been changed by Natural England and the Charity Commission; usually the Local Authority ends up being the trustee of the Green. Whilst the object of the creation was for the Greens to last in perpetuity, with most of them given a 999 year lease, nevertheless, they are vulnerable to compulsory purchase if the local authority wants to change the use of the land.


Iwo Eleru skull

The Iwo Eleru skull is an archaeological find that was discovered in an excavation site called Iwo Eleru in Nigeria. Iwo Eleru is not the correct name for the archaeological site. The correct name for the archaeological site is Ihò Eleru. The Iho Eleru fossil that dates to approximately 13,000 years old may be evidence of modern humans possessing possible archaic human admixture or be a late-persisting early modern human.
Discovery.
The Iwo Eleru site is a large rock shelter in western Nigeria. The skull was found in 1965 by Thurstan Shaw and his team among over half a million Later Stone Age artefacts at the site. It was found as part of a skeleton that was buried with a thin covering of soil. The skeleton was excavated and encased in plaster, and the skull was separated from the rest of the body.
Date.
On the basis of charcoal remains that were found surrounding the skeleton, it was initially dated 9250 BC ± 200. However, in a 2011 study conducted by Katerina Harvati, Chris Stringer and others, the dating of the remains was revised: with the help of uranium–thorium dating, a time span of 11.7–16.3 ka was suggested.
Description.
The cranial vault is relatively long and low, and the frontal bone shows moderate recession. The brow ridges are moderately developed for a male and there is no pronounced nasal root. What remains of the nasal area suggest that the nasal bridge was relatively flat, and the evidence from X-rays points to little frontal sinus development.
The upper face is missing except for a small collection of fragments. Parts of the maxillary-molar region have been identified (including the infraorbital foramen) and, based on what survives, it is unlikely that the upper face was large. The mandible is well developed and has a masculine appearance, although there is no pronounced chin. Apart from two lower premolars, the teeth are not attached to the jaws and it is uncertain where the surviving teeth were originally placed. All the anterior teeth show noticeable attrition and most of the crown has been eroded by wear. Based on the evidence of tooth wear, the age of Iwo Eleru man has been estimated as over 30 years.
What remains of the rest of the skeleton are generally crushed fragments of large bones. The shafts of the humeri appear robust and the cortical bone is moderately thick. The shafts of the radius and femur are also robust. The existing remains suggest he was of medium height and build, and was no taller than approximately 165cm.
Analysis.
Don Brothwell and Thurstan Shaw said in 1971 that the sloping frontal vault was more pronounced in Iwo Eleru man than in both later Neolithic and recent sub-Saharan skull samples. However, they also found that the occipital structure, nasal root and the frontal bone of the skull "would qualify for identification as that of a proto-West African negro".
In 1974 Chris Stringer said that there were surprising similarities between the crania of the much older Solo Man and Omo II with that of Iwo Eleru. The 2011 study found that "Iwo Eleru possesses neurocranial morphology intermediate in shape between archaic hominins (Neanderthals and "Homo erectus") and modern humans". The authors of the study asserted that the dating of Iwo Eleru man to the late Pleistocene "implies that the transition to anatomical modernity in Africa was more complicated than previously thought, with late survival of “archaic” features and possibly deep population substructure in Africa during this time".
It has been argued that Iwo Eleru man was an archaic hybrid or part of a relict archaic "Homo" population. In 2014 Christopher Stojanowski of Arizona State University summarised the three dominant explanations for Iwo Eleru man's atypical cranial shape: the first, that Iwo Eleru was a hybrid with archaic African populations; the second, that Iwo Eleru man was a member of a relict archaic population that was replaced by more modern humans upon the onset of the Holocene era; and the third, that Iwo Eleru man was part of a population that diverged from the rest of North Africa's populations during a time of acute aridness in the Sahara desert that made it impassable until the arrival of the African humid period.
In 2014 Peter J. Waddell of Massey University argued that Iwo Eleru man descended from a lineage 200–400 kya and whose extinction may have been caused by humans. Waddell also said: "Such a long apparently distinct lineage that terminated in West Africa perhaps 12kya, with no obvious sign of living descendants, suggests that the Iwo Eleru lineage quite probably represents a distinct species of near modern human. As such, the species name "Homo iwoelerueensis" suggests itself". However, the University of Washington's Fred L. Bookstein cautions against naming Iwo Eleru man as a new species until more confirmatory evidence is discovered.


Ronald W. Reagan/Doral Senior High School

Ronald W. Reagan/Doral Senior High School is a secondary school located at 8600 NW 107 Avenue, in Doral, Florida, United States, a Miami suburb; its principal is Juan Carlos Boué. The school offers, alongside Advanced Placement courses, International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) courses, Advanced Subsidiary (AS) courses, and A-level courses, which are international examinations valid across the world.
Within its attendance boundary are the residential areas in Doral and Medley.
History.
The school's construction broke ground on February 1, 2005. It was built as a relief school for overcrowded Miami Springs Senior High School, which used to the serve the area. The school was also opened to relieve a distance problem, as high school students would have to commute seven to to reach Miami Springs High School. It was named after Ronald Reagan, a former President of the United States. It opened with 815 students. The first principal, Douglas Rodriguez, was the former principal at Miami Springs.
The campus is located on , has a capacity of about 2,000 students, and contains approximately of space. Outdoor facilities include football, softball, baseball and soccer fields, as well as basketball, racquetball, and tennis courts. The facilities also include an 800-seat auditorium, a 700-seat cafeteria, a state-of-the-art Media Center, and an indoor gymnasium. The school opened its doors to students on August 14, 2006. In the 2008–2009 school year, 12th-grade students located within the boundaries of the school who used to be zoned to Miami Springs Senior High School were zoned to Reagan/Doral, making this the first year that the school had all four grade levels (9-12). Reagan/Doral's first graduating class was the class of 2009.
Reagan/Doral's athletic rivals are Miami Springs High School and Doral Academy Charter High School. A more informal rival is Mater Academy Charter School. At the 2007 homecoming pep rally, the classes of 2009, 2010, and 2011 named the mascot "Tyson D. Bison." (formerly known as Tyson Bison)
The school yearbook is "Tatanka" ("American Bison" in the Lakota language) and the monthly free newspaper is the "Reagan Advocate".
In 2011-2020 due to overcrowding of students Reagan moved 9th graders to South Campus at the former Doral Middle School Building until the new JC Bermudez High School Opened in the fall of 2020.
In February 2008, the City of Doral Trolley began service to Reagan/Doral.
Former Principal Douglas Rodriguez was named Miami-Dade County Principal of the Year for 2008 in an awards ceremony on May 6, 2008. He was also the proud recipient of the 6th Annual Leonard Miller Principal Leadership Award and the Florida Principal of the Year Award.
On December 12, 2008, Rodriguez's tenure as principal of the school ended and he became principal of Miami Central High School. Replacing him was Stephen Parris, former principal of West Miami Middle School.
Academic system and magnet programs.
Reagan/Doral is an academy-based school. There are three academies: the Cambridge Academy (International General Certificate of Secondary Education), the Information and Communications Technology Academy (ICT), and the Classical Arts Academy. The school had added a Health Science Academy, but this option was discontinued at the start of the 2008–2009 school year. Ninth-grade students are enrolled in a leadership course, where they define their career interests and then select one of two academies (if the student chooses Cambridge, IGCSE courses begin from ninth grade, not from tenth grade). Elective classes from that academy are chosen, and the student is placed in core classes with other students in the same academy, for the remaining three years.
The Cambridge curriculum is taught in over 150 countries worldwide. Students who pass the Cambridge exams may be awarded university credit at schools throughout the US. The courses taken in a Cambridge Academy are also recognized internationally. Students follow an international curriculum, taking IGCSE courses their freshman and sophomore years, AS courses in their junior year, and can further their studies by taking A-level courses during their final year.
Alongside the Cambridge Academy courses, the school also hosts a Classical Arts magnet program open to all students in the county, similar to other magnet programs held at several high schools in the district.
The school also takes part in a Miami-Dade County Public Schools program, a dual enrollment program with Florida International University called the Academy for Advanced Academics. Participating students remain enrolled at Reagan/Doral as well as attending a full-time schedule at Florida International University. The Academy for Advanced Academics is considered one of the most rigorous programs in the MDCPS system.
Campus.
The school has a mural honoring two students and former students who died in automobile accidents: 21-year old Andrea Castillo, a member of the Class of 2009 who died in 2012; and 17-year old Raphael Acevedo, a fourth-year student (senior) who died in 2014. Area artist Tony Mendoza designed the murals.
Demographics.
In 2013, Reagan/Doral High was ranked second nationally after Miami Springs Senior High School in percentage of foreign-born students within a public high school, with 65.8% born overseas.
In 2013, foreign-born students were primarily from Venezuela (42.6%), Colombia (8.2%), Peru (7.4%), Brazil (3.1%) and Argentina (2.8%).
School clubs.
Since the first graduation in 2009, Ronald Reagan Doral Senior High TV production (RTV) has recorded all school graduations done out of Florida International University, including those of other schools. RTV began recording other schools' graduations after it discovered that nobody else was filming them.
Feeder pattern.
The following schools feed into this high school:


Victory Over Blindness

Victory Over Blindness is a bronze sculpture in Manchester, England by Johanna Domke-Guyot. It is on Piccadilly Approach outside the main entrance of Manchester Piccadilly station and was commissioned to commemorate the centenary of the First World War.
The sculpture depicts seven blind figures guiding each other and walking together; their likeness are based upon real veterans who all suffered blindness as a result of action on the frontline. Unusually a plinth is not used and the figures are situated at eye level to engage passers-by. It was commissioned by the Blind Veterans UK and was unveiled in October 2018. It is believed to be the only memorial to depict those wounded in the First World War.
Background.
The location for a permanent memorial to commemorate the centenary of the First World War was supported by both Network Rail and Transport for Greater Manchester. The exterior area outside the main entrance of Piccadilly station has historically been used for temporary exhibits and sculptures such as the "Bee in the City" art trail in 2018.
The sculpture was first created to mark the centenary of the Blind Veterans UK charity in 2015 and which now sits at the charity's Llandudno rehabilitation and training centre. A cement cast of the sculpture was first unveiled in 2017 at the National Memorial Arboretum in Staffordshire. With funding from the Gosling Foundation and support for a prominent location in Manchester, Blind Veterans UK commissioned the sculpture to commemorate the centenary of the First World War.
The sculpture was officially unveiled on 16 October 2018 by The Countess of Wessex. In a short ceremony and speech, she stated that, "As we approach the anniversary of the end of the First World War and, quite rightly, remember all of those who never returned, it is also important to remember those who did, changed by their experiences."
Depiction.
The sculpture depicts seven life-sized figures guiding one another. It was inspired by a photograph the sculptor saw of World War I veterans, blinded in combat, leading one another from the front. Whereas statues or sculptures of lifelike individuals are generally placed on plinths, it was decided the sculpture should be situated on the ground and at eye level to engage passers-by and to highlight the notion that the sacrifices of those on the frontline in World War I should not be forgotten.
The sculptor, Johanna Domke-Guyot, stated that "People will be able to touch them, I want it to become a people's piece". The seven figures are all based upon World War I veterans who all suffered blindess as a result of action on the frontline and each figure depicts a similar likeness to the veterans.
The sculpture was well-received with it being described as "moving" for its subject matter and "striking" for its interaction with passers-by at eye level.


Canton Asylum for American Indians Cemetery


Centenary Square, Parramatta

Centenary Square, formerly known as Bicentennial Square, is a civic square located in the heart of Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia. It faces the 1883 Parramatta Town Hall and St John's Cathedral. The square was listed on the Parramatta City Council local government heritage list on 20 August 1999.
Features and history.
To celebrate the colony's centenary, in 1888 the Parramatta Borough Council erected, at a cost of A£600, the Centennial Memorial, a Victorian Free Classically-styled elaborate clock and drinking fountain.
To mark the opening of the Church Street Mall in 1986 and the closure of through traffic on Church Street, a time capsule was buried under one of the square's gardens by Janice Crosio MP, NSW Minister for Water Resources. In order to mark the Australian Bicentenary in 1988, the Parramatta City Council commissioned the sculpture, "Procession", by artist Richard Goodwin.
The Parramatta City Council reverted the square's name to Centenary Square on 24 September 2014.
The commercial buildings surrounding the square are mainly two-storeyed, with one of the Murray Buildings (alongside the Town Hall and farthest from St Johns) are three storeys. Murray Brothers erected the town's first department store in 1926; and other major stores soon followed. This was also the site where Rev. Samuel Marsden once lived. Outside St John's Cathedral stands a memorial to those who served in World War I. This takes the form of a stone arch and plaques; and was erected in 1917.
The square serves as the eastern terminus of the proposed Great West Walk connecting Parramatta and via the Western Sydney Parklands.


Roosevelt House Public Policy Institute at Hunter College

The Roosevelt House Public Policy Institute at Hunter College (Roosevelt House) is a think tank affiliated with Hunter College. It is located at 47-49 East 65th Street in the Lenox Hill neighborhood of Manhattan's Upper East Side in New York City. It is dedicated to analyzing public policy and fostering civic engagement by educating students in public policy and human rights, supporting faculty research, and supporting scholarly and public lectures, seminars, and conferences.
Key residents.
The institute is housed in the historic Sara Delano Roosevelt Memorial House and honors the legacy of Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt. Sara Delano Roosevelt, Franklin Roosevelt’s mother, promised to buy a new home for him and his wife, Eleanor. In December 1908, the family moved into the building which still stands: Franklin, Eleanor, and their children, James and Anna, into No. 49; Sara Delano Roosevelt, into No. 47. This is where Franklin Roosevelt “began his storied political career, rising from New York State Senator and U.S. Assistant Secretary of the Navy to Governor of New York and President of the United States”. Franklin D. Roosevelt was the only president “elected to four consecutive terms of office”. He is often “ranked with George Washington and Abraham Lincoln as one of the greatest U.S. presidents”. His wife, Eleanor Roosevelt, also made her way into politics from Roosevelt House: she led movements for human rights and was a key figure in some feminist movements, fighting for women’s rights. Over the course of 24 years, many events which made both Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt popular amongst the American people took place in Roosevelt House.
Political events.
Much happened at the Roosevelt House, both professionally as well as personally. As a New York State Senator, Roosevelt believed that the government “had to play a role in creating and maintaining a fair and equitable society, and in protecting individuals from concentrations of economic or political power”. He had been re-elected to the New York State Senate when President Woodrow Wilson asked him to be a part of his administration. To this end, FDR became the Assistant Secretary of the Navy. President Roosevelt was very active in this role.
As Governor of New York, FDR knew he was one step closer to running for president. As the Great Depression approached, Franklin Roosevelt was able to get the New York state legislature to “pass a public works program for the unemployed and to grant relief to the needy”. President Herbert Hoover, the president at the time, did not pursue similar policies federally. Running on the New Deal platform of policies similar to those he'd supported in New York, Roosevelt was able to defeat Hoover in the 1932 presidential election.
President Roosevelt became president at a time of tremendous economic crisis. In response to this catastrophe, which was affecting millions of citizens, Franklin Roosevelt established a "series of programs" in 1933, known as the New Deal. The goal was to "restore the economy to a healthy level, and reform the financial system in order to prevent future fiscal catastrophes." The first program under the New Deal was to build the nation's trust regarding the American banking system. During this time, most Americans kept their money at home, simply because they didn't trust the banks. So, President Roosevelt called for Congress to pass the Emergency Banking Act. The purpose of this act was to "require the Treasury Department to inspect all banks before they could reopen." After the reopening of the banks, citizens redeposited their money. Attention was then paid to farms. In 1933, the Agricultural Adjustment Act was passed, which was soon "overturned by the Supreme Court." This act was replaced by the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act. The act enacted the "government's ability to pay farms to reduce production." One of the most important pieces of legislation passed in American history was the Social Security Act. Under this act, poor senior citizens were given "$15 a month," and pension was also provided. In addition, the act "set up an unemployment insurance system and provided aid to disabled people and dependent children." FDR developed legislative programs that focused on disabled people partly given his own paralysis from polio.
Personal life: growing apart.
Although we know that much has happened at the Roosevelt House professionally and politically, a lot happened behind the scenes in the Roosevelts’ personal lives as well. As Eleanor Roosevelt had more kids, she and her husband were found to be spending less time together. In 1918, she found out about President Roosevelt’s affair with the secretary, Lucy Mercer. She “offered FDR a divorce, but FDR turned down her offer”. He turned down her offer because he felt as a divorcé, he wouldn’t be able to go far in politics. It was after this when she realized that she should have a life of her own, and become independent. She became involved in “a number of political organizations, including the League of Women Voters and the Women's Trade Union League”. She sought out to resolve issues regarding “equal pay for equal work”, which is something we as a nation are still struggling with today.
As mentioned earlier, in 1921, President Roosevelt was diagnosed with polio. Eleanor took care of him and motivated him to stay in the public eye. Despite this, both individuals were growing further apart. Eleanor and Franklin were involved in different social circles and had different interests. Although everyone considered the couple to be leading a perfect life together, it was quite the opposite. Eleanor “became financially independent” by publicly speaking at events and appearing in “magazine articles”. In 1928, Roosevelt was elected governor of New York. Eleanor, one of the leading Democrats at the time, was largely involved in Franklin Roosevelt’s decision making and other activities. During the time of Roosevelt’s governorship, she also taught at the Todhunter School. Especially during the time of the Great Depression, Eleanor motivated women to work outside of the home. She considered the occupation of a home-maker to be “out of date”. She strived to provide “economic security for working women”. When Franklin Roosevelt was elected president in 1932, Eleanor became romantically linked with an Associated Press reporter, Lorena Hickok.
Political importance.
This site is important to American politics because of the historical decisions that President Roosevelt and Eleanor Roosevelt made during their time at the Roosevelt House. The efforts which both husband and wife made for the nation paid off, to say the least. Even after being elected as president, Franklin Roosevelt set up his administration at the Roosevelt House. It was also at Roosevelt House where he offered positions to individuals, including Frances Perkins, the “first female to serve as a Cabinet Secretary.” Before his inauguration in March 1933, Franklin Roosevelt held meetings here to discuss what was to be done within the First Hundred Days. The early New Deal was also discussed during these meetings. President Roosevelt's mother, Sara, “hosted Mary McLeod Bethune, a key African-American leader, who later served as the head of FDR’s informal ‘Black Cabinet’ during the New Deal”. This illustrates that she was very open towards people of different races and faiths. Additionally, on November 9, 1932, the day after the presidential election, President Roosevelt spoke from the Roosevelt House. This was his “first radio address to the American people as president-elect”. This historical site is also important because this is where President Roosevelt mustered the courage to be strong-willed and hopeful, after polio left him physically unable to move.
Roosevelts' relationship with Hunter College.
The Roosevelts’ relationship with Hunter College was unique. Eleanor used to “walk over to visit students and speak at special events”. In 1941, when Sara Delano passed away, President Roosevelt put the property up for sale. However, a “nonprofit consortium” was willing to purchase it on behalf of the College. To make the property more affordable, President Roosevelt lowered the buying price. Additionally, he donated money for students to buy books.
Present day.
Restoration work on the Roosevelt House started in 2005, and was done by 2010. The Roosevelt House was being repaired while preserving “the historically significant floor-plan of the first through fourth floors”. The historical site still retains its political beauty. Although it used to be called home to our former President, it’s now home to many human rights, public policy, and political science students at Hunter. Panels and social events are often held here. A small collection of Roosevelt family memorabilia is on view in Franklin D. Roosevelt’s historic library, located on the second floor of the house. Two apartments are used to house visiting scholars and in the rear is a large room that can be used as an auditorium.
Academic programs and scholarships.
Roosevelt House offers two minor and certificate academic programs, in human rights and public policy, and sponsors the Hunter College Roosevelt House Scholarship.
Roosevelt House Faculty Associates are appointed from the Hunter College faculty for a renewable three-year term.


Abraham Lincoln Memorial Bridge

Abraham Lincoln Memorial Bridge in Illinois is a four-lane bidirectional road bridge that spans the Illinois River, Illinois Route 351, Illinois and Michigan Canal, and local roads and railroads. It carries Interstate 39 (I-39), a major north-south Interstate through central Illinois, and its U.S. Route counterpart, U.S. Route 51 (US 51).
Description.
The bridge crosses the river between LaSalle and Oglesby, at river mile 225.8. The structure comprises a main span over the river, flanked by 43 approach spans. It is named after Abraham Lincoln, the sixteenth president of the United States. The main span is a through-arch design, long. The clearance of this span over the river, from low steel of the bridge to normal water level in the pool below, is . With the approach spans, the total length of the structure is .
History.
The bridge was built in 1987 when I-39 was first extended south to what is now Illinois Route 251. The highway itself has since been extended all the way to the Bloomington–Normal.


Dariusz Libionka

Dariusz Libionka born in 1963 in Bielsko-Biała is a Polish historian affiliated with the Institute of National Remembrance in Lublin. Libionka graduated from the Catholic University of Lublin (KUL) and the School for Social Science of the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the Polish Academy of Sciences. His research interests include the Polish-Jewish relations and history of Poland after 1945, with special focus on the status of the Jewish community in Poland throughout 20th century: in the Second Polish Republic, in the General Government formed by Nazi Germany, and in the Polish People's Republic after World War II, as well as, all matters of the Polish-Jewish relations and Judaism in Poland.
From 1994, Libionka worked in the Polish Contemporary History section of the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences and, since 2000, in the Bureau of Public Education of the Institute of National Remembrance ("Instytut Pamieci Narodowej") in Lublin. His articles appeared in „Dzieje Najnowsze”, „Biuletyn ŻIH”, „Polska 1944/1945-1999”, „Tygodnik Powszechny" and in „Yad Vashem Studies”. In 1998 he wrote his Ph.D dissertation entitled "The 'Jewish Question' in Polish catholic Press in the 1930s."


Quinette Cemetery

Quinette Cemetery is an historic landmark located in Kirkwood, Missouri, a suburb of the city of St. Louis. The cemetery is the burial site of African American Civil War soldiers, slaves, as well as World War II soldiers. It is also regarded as the oldest African American Cemetery West of the Mississippi River.


Tirah Memorial

The Tirah Memorial is a war memorial in Bonn Square, Oxford, England. It commemorates soldiers of the 2nd Battalion Oxfordshire Light Infantry who died in 1897–98 on the Tirah Expedition and Punjab Frontier Campaign to suppress rebel tribes on the North West Frontier of British India.
History.
The Tirah Memorial was unveiled in 1900, making it Oxford's first war memorial.
The monument was designed by Inigo Thomas. It is an obelisk high, with foundations deep. It was erected in a public garden that had been the graveyard of St Peter-le-Bailey parish church and is now Bonn Square. The digging of the memorial's foundations unearthed human remains, which were re-interred at Osney Cemetery away.
The Tirah Memorial is a Grade II listed building.
Other Tirah memorials.
Men of the Dorset Regiment who died during the Tirah Expedition are commemorated by a Tirah Memorial in Borough Gardens, Dorchester, Dorset, southern England.
Men of the King's Own Scottish Borderers who died during the Tirah Expedition are commemorated on the memorial at North Bridge, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Men of the Royal Sussex Regiment who died during the Tirah Expedition are commemorated on a memorial at Eastbourne, East Sussex, southeast England.


John F. Kennedy Memorial Airport

John F. Kennedy Memorial Airport is a city and county-owned public-use airport located two nautical miles (4 km) southwest of the central business district of Ashland, a city in Ashland County, Wisconsin, United States. It is also known as JFK Memorial Airport.
It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2019–2023, in which it is categorized as a local general aviation facility.
Facilities and aircraft.
John F. Kennedy Memorial Airport covers an area of 511 acres (207 ha) at an elevation of 827 feet (252 m) above mean sea level. It has two runways with asphalt surfaces: 2/20 is 5,197 by 100 feet (1,584 x 30 m) with approved LOC and GPS approaches and 13/31 is 3,498 by 75 feet (1,066 x 23 m) with approved GPS approaches.
For the 12-month period ending August 15, 2019, the airport had 10,525 aircraft operations, an average of 29 per day: 95% general aviation and 5% air taxi. In December 2020, there were 21 aircraft based at this airport: 19 single-engine, 1 multi-engine and 1 jet.


Indira Point

Indira Point, southernmost point of India's territory, is a village in the Nicobar district at Great Nicobar Island of Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India. It is located in the Great Nicobar tehsil.
Rondo Island, Indonesia's northernmost island in Sabang district of Aceh province of Sumatra, lies 163 km south of Little Andaman Island, and 145 km or 80 nautical miles from Indira point. India and Indonesia are upgrading the deep sea port Sabang under the strategic military and economic collaboration to protect the channel between Great Nicobar Island and Rondo Island (c. May 2019), which is 612 km or 330 nautical miles from Indira Point.
Etymology.
This village was named Indira Point after former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. The point was formerly known as Pygmalion Point and Parsons Point. It was renamed in honour of Indira Gandhi during mid-1980s. The announcement was made by the local Member of Parliament when Indira Gandhi visited the local light house on 19 February 1984. The official renaming ceremony happened on 10 October 1985.
History.
The Indira Point lighthouse was commissioned into service on 30 April 1972.
Located 500 kilometres north of the epicenter of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, the southernmost tip subsided 4.25 metres after the earthquake, and many of the inhabitants went missing in the tsunami that followed. Sixteen to twenty families living next to the lighthouse and four scientists studying leatherback sea turtles were lost.
Geography.
Port Blair is connected to mainland India via air service. From Port Blair, Campbell Bay can be reached by Pawan Hans Helicopter service. Inter Island Boat from Port Blair is also available which usually travels via Little Andaman, Car Nicobar and Nancowry en route to Campbell Bay. MV Campbell Bay also operates once in a week from Port Blair (Phoenix Bay) to Campbell Bay.
Government is also constructing a 21 km road from Shashtri Nagar to Indira Point via a bridge on the Galathea river. The total length of the road from Zero Point to Indira point will be 56 km and it will completed within next few years (c. 2017). This area is protected by the Indian Coast Guard.
Galathea National Park and Lighthouse are the major attractions here.
Administration.
The village comes under the administration of Laxmi Nagar panchayat.
Demographics.
The village lost many of its residents in the 2004 tsunami. According to the 2011 census of India, Indira Point has only 4 households left. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 85.19%.


List of Korean War memorials

A number of memorials have been established to honour people who served in the Korean War (25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953) including:


A Choice of Futures

A Choice of Futures was a Canadian television miniseries which aired on CBC Television in 1967.
Premise.
The series was a Canadian centennial project, generally based on the theme of Canada's future, and that of Earth.
Episodes.
"The Earth Is A Very Small Spaceship".
The first episode, "The Earth Is A Very Small Spaceship", was a documentary broadcast on 24 May 1967 concerning the environmental situation of Earth and speculating on its future, likening the planet to a spaceship with a limited capacity. Potential settlement of the moon and undersea locations was also discussed. It was written, directed and narrated by William Whitehead. Vincent Tovell was its producer.
"Therefore Choose Life".
"Therefore Choose Life" was broadcast 31 May 1967 as an essay which described how technology was capable of degrading and destroying life on the planet. Despite its negative viewpoint, the programme promoted the contrasting notion that technology should instead be used to preserve life. Tom Koch was the episode's producer and director.
"1999".
The final episode airing on 7 June 1967 was the futuristic drama "1999", written by Eric Koch. Its plot featured future Prime Minister Robert Ghiberti (John Colicos) who faces a student uprising on the last day of 1999 that puts a multilateral weapons control pact in jeopardy.
"1999" was directed by Melwyn Breen.
Scheduling.
The series was rebroadcast on 10–24 September 1967, and 3–10 July 1968.


Holocaust Memorial of the Greater Miami Jewish Federation

The Holocaust Memorial of the Greater Miami Jewish Federation is a Holocaust memorial at 1933-1945 Meridian Avenue, in Miami Beach, Florida.
It was conceived by a committee of Holocaust survivors in 1984, formally established in 1985 as the Holocaust Memorial Committee, a non-profit organization.
The memorial was designed by Kenneth Treister on a site designated by the City of Miami Beach Commission at Meridian Avenue and Dade Boulevard. This site was previously the home of Holocaust survivors William and Florrie Loeb and their son Robert, who immigrated from Rotterdam, Netherlands after the bombing and occupation by the Nazis. They purchased the home in the 1940s and Florrie sold it to the city of Miami Beach in the early 1970s who had plans to make it into a parking lot. There remain trees in the back of the Memorial that were planted by the original owners of the property in the 1920s and 1930s.
The memorial was opened on Sunday, February 4, 1990, with Nobel laureate Elie Wiesel as guest speaker at the dedication ceremonies. Miami Attorney and Holocaust survivor Andrew C. Hall serves as chairman


Don Geiss, America and Hope

"Don Geiss, America, and Hope" is the fifteenth episode of the fourth season of the American television comedy series "30 Rock", and the 73rd overall episode of the series. It was directed by Stephen Lee Davis, and written by Jack Burditt and Tracey Wigfield. The episode originally aired on the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) network in the United States on March 18, 2010. Guest stars in "Don Geiss, America and Hope" include John Anderson, Scott Bryce, Marceline Hugot, James Rebhorn, and Michael Sheen.
In the episode, Liz Lemon (Tina Fey) attempts to avoid running into Wesley Snipes (Sheen) after they fail to hit it off in their first encounter, but fate seems to want them together. At the same time, Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin) deals with the impending purchase of NBC. Finally, Tracy Jordan (Tracy Morgan) does damage control after his former nanny publishes a tell-all book.
The episode continued a story arc involving Wesley as a love interest for Liz, which began in the previous episode. "Don Geiss, America and Hope" makes reference to the real-life acquisition of NBC Universal by cable company Comcast, as well as that of professional golfer Tiger Woods' extramarital affairs scandal.
This episode of "30 Rock" has received generally positive reviews from television critics. According to the Nielsen Media Research, it was watched by 6.857 million households during its original broadcast, and received a 3.0 rating/9 share among viewers in the 18–49 demographic. For his performance in "Don Geiss, America and Hope", Alec Baldwin received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination in the category for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series.
Plot.
Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin), outgoing Vice President of East Coast Television and Microwave Oven Programming for General Electric (GE), researches company Kabletown (which recently purchased the NBC network as a charitable, tax-deductible act), to find a way he can contribute in the corporation's development. NBC page Kenneth Parcell (Jack McBrayer) lets it slip that he may have been living forever, when he shows concern that Kabletown may impose new rules for "age limits and age verification" for pages. A former colleague, Dave Hess (Scott Bryce), who left NBC for Kabletown, reveals that Kabletown's success comes from running pay-per-view adult channels; the company runs "the perfect business" and needs no investment in new services or products. On learning this, Jack is horrified at the prospect of no longer making things. Later, however, while giving a eulogy at former GE CEO Don Geiss's (Rip Torn) funeral, he has an epiphany and proposes to Kabletown executives that they produce "porn for women" (specifically, channels featuring attractive men who "listen" while women blather on).
Liz Lemon (Tina Fey) tries to avoid meeting with Wesley (Michael Sheen), the British man she met and flirted with while under the influence of anesthesia. Liz finds him to be annoying, but they continually run into each other, which leads them to believe they are meant to be together. However, after visiting the dentist office where they met, Liz and Wesley come to terms with the fact that the anesthesia was the cause of whatever they experienced, and agree to stop seeing each other. But when they run into each other yet again, Wesley suggests that they should probably just "settle" for one another. Liz is horrified at this prospect and consults Jack for advice, but he is still disconsolate at the prospect of "settling" for a company without upward momentum, and cannot help her. Later, Liz meets Wesley to tell him her answer is no, and she believes both of them can do better than being with each other; she is further dismayed to learn he shares his name with actor Wesley Snipes.
Meanwhile, Tracy Jordan's (Tracy Morgan) nanny publishes a tell-all book, revealing that he has never actually had an affair with anyone, a secret he had shared only with Jack in "The Ones". In order to restore his womanizing persona, Tracy holds a press conference announcing he is leaving show business to spend more time with a stripper, but no one is convinced. To make matters worse, women begin to come forward and admit that they did not have sex with Tracy. His wife Angie even advises him to have an affair in order to save his career, a suggestion which Jenna Maroney (Jane Krakowski) urges him to take seriously. Tracy attempts to proposition Liz, but is unable to pretend he wants to cheat on his wife. Liz rebuffs Tracy's advances, admitting she envies his happy marriage and urging him to embrace his monogamy.
At the end of the episode, Liz is seen watching and being intrigued by some of the "porn for women" content, which somehow features her fantasy boyfriend Astronaut Mike Dexter.
Production.
"Don Geiss, America and Hope" was directed by series first assistant director Stephen Lee Davis, and written by Jack Burditt and Tracey Wigfield. This was Burditt's first written episode for the season, as he had moved to Los Angeles, California, to become a staff writer on the CBS comedy show "The New Adventures of Old Christine". Overall, this was Burditt's twelfth writing credit. This was Wigfield's third writing credit, and was Davis's first directed episode. "Don Geiss, America and Hope" originally aired in the United States on March 18, 2010, on NBC as the fifteenth episode of the show's fourth season and the 73rd overall episode of the series. This episode of "30 Rock" was filmed on January 25 and January 27, 2010.
In January 2010, it was announced that Welsh actor Michael Sheen would guest star as a love interest for series creator Tina Fey's character, Liz Lemon. He made his debut as Wesley in the previous episode, "Future Husband". Actor Scott Bryce guest starred as Dave Hess, a former colleague of Jack Donaghy's. Bryce first appeared in the season three episode "Flu Shot" as a different character named Michael Templeton. Actress Marceline Hugot made her ninth appearance as Kathy Geiss, the daughter of GE CEO Don Geiss. In the episode, Kathy performs Ellens dritter Gesang by Schubert with a trumpet at her father's funeral. Dr. Kaplan was played by actor James Rebhorn, who first guest starred as the character in "Future Husband". At the end of "Don Geiss, America and Hope", where Liz is shown watching one of the "porn for women" channels, the man depicted as speaking to her was portrayed by actor John Anderson, who has guest starred previously on the show as Astronaut Mike Dexter. At the end of the credits, Anderson is credited as Astronaut Mike Dexter. Jack learns from former GE CEO Jack Welch, in the last episode, that current GE CEO Don Geiss (Rip Torn) has died. In "Don Geiss, America and Hope", a funeral service is held for Geiss. Television critic Bob Sassone of TV Squad, in his recap of this episode, wondered if Torn was written out of the series due to an alcohol-related incident that occurred to Torn in January 2010.
This episode was inspired by the real-life acquisition of NBC Universal by cable company Comcast in November 2009. After winning her fourth Screen Actors Guild Award as her "30 Rock" character at the 16th Screen Actors Guild Awards ceremony in January 2010, Fey was asked whether or not the show would make reference to the Comcast acquisition to which she said that it would be dealt with. "The sale of NBC to another company is integral to our show and it will be hard for Jack." In the episode, Kabletown—a fictional Philadelphia company network—has taken over GE Sheinhardt NBC Universal, and Jack tries to contribute his ideas to the company. In April 2010, the NBC network created a website for the Kabletown company. When asked by a contributor from "The Philadelphia Inquirer" why the characters on "30 Rock" refer to the network's new owner as "Kabletown, with a K", co-showrunner and executive producer Robert Carlock revealed that the reason for this was that the staff writers came up with the name "Cabletown", however, they later learned that there was a real company with a similar name, so NBC's legal team department "wanted to emphasize the difference, and after a while, everyone just liked the sound of it."
Tracy Jordan's storyline in which his former nanny writes a tell-all book revealing that he has never actually had an affair with anyone mirrored—though in reversal—the real life of professional golfer Tiger Woods' extramarital affairs scandal that occurred in late 2009. In one scene, it is revealed that women have come forward admitting to never have had a sexual relationship with Tracy; After news broke of Woods's infidelities, numerous women came forward admitting to having affairs with the golfer. To re-establish his womanizing persona, Tracy holds a press conference announcing he is leaving show business to spend more time with a stripper; In December 2009, Woods announced he would take an indefinite leave from professional golf to focus on his marriage after he admitted infidelity. Other women, who Tracy did not have a relationship with, have released voice mails to the news media. In one of them, Tracy leaves a message to his wife, Angie (Sherri Shepherd), in which he is loving and sincere in the message; One of Woods's mistress produced voice and text messages as evidence of a relationship with the golfer. As a result of him being outed as monogamous, Tracy loses various endorsements; After admitting to his affairs, Woods lost various endorsement deals with different companies.
Cultural references.
In the beginning of the episode, Jack announces at a staff meeting that NBC has been bought by Kabletown, a company network from Philadelphia. Immediately, Jack and Liz exchange opinions about Philadelphia and Boston; Liz, who grew up near Philadelphia, declares "Go Eagles! Philly rules! Cheesesteaks! Bobby Clarke! Will Smith! [Boston] sucks!". Jack, who is from Boston, responds "Boston is the greatest city in the world. Boston Tea Party. Boston cream pie. Boston Rob Mariano. Birthplace of Benjamin Franklin." Liz interjects "Yeah, then [Franklin] looked around, realized it sucked, and moved to Philadelphia!" Jack and the New York staff then deride the city of Los Angeles, provoking an NBC executive teleconferencing in from Los Angeles to assert that "LA rules: Michael Bay, freeways, Legoland—" before Jack shuts off his feed. While meeting with Kabletown executives, Jack learns that they focus on adult films and sees their list of features, including "Assatar", "The Lovely Boners", "The Hind Side", and "Fresh-Ass: Based on the Novel Tush by Assfire", puns on the 2009 films "Avatar", "The Lovely Bones", "The Blind Side", and "".
Jenna claims to Tracy that she "ate the pig that played Babe," in a reference to the 1995 film "Babe" based on the British novel "The Sheep-Pig." At Don Geiss's funeral, the trumpet solo that his daughter Kathy Geiss (Marceline Hugot) performs is "Ellens dritter Gesang" by Franz Schubert, a melody best known as a setting for the Latin Catholic prayer "Ave Maria."
When Liz tells Tracy that he has a life with his family and should enjoy it, after Tracy tries to have sex with her in order to restore his womanizing reputation, she tells him "You know what I have? A "Sims" family that keeps getting murdered." "The Sims" is a video game in which players create virtual people called "Sims" and places them in houses and helps direct their moods and satisfy their desires. Tracy responds "One day, you will have what I have because you are an amazing, strong, intelligent woman, like Hilary ... from "Fresh Prince of Bel-Air"." "The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air" was a series that previously aired on NBC, and the Hilary character was a dull-witted individual who lacked intelligence. Before going their separate ways, Liz discovers that Wesley's last name is Snipes, but Wesley tells her that it is a name more fitting for a "pale English guy", than actor Wesley Snipes. Liz and Wesley also attend a second run of the movie Hot Tub Time Machine, which provokes arguments between them despite their mutual enjoyment of the film.
"Star Wars" is frequently referenced in "30 Rock", beginning with the pilot episode in 2006 where Tracy is seen shouting that he is a Jedi. Liz admits to being a huge fan of "Star Wars", saying that she had watched it many times with Pete Hornberger (Scott Adsit), and dressed up as the "Star Wars" character Princess Leia during four recent Halloweens, and while trying to get out of jury duty in Chicago and New York. "Star Wars" is also referenced when Tracy takes on the identity of the character Chewbacca. In this episode, at Don Geiss's funeral, he is shown to be frozen in carbonite similar to that of "Star Wars" character Han Solo in the 1980 film "The Empire Strikes Back". Fey, a fan of "Star Wars" herself, said that the weekly "Star Wars" joke or reference "started happening organically" when the crew realized that they had a "Star Wars" reference "in almost every show". Fey said that from then on "it became a thing where [they] tried to keep it going", and that even though they could not include one in every episode, they still had a "pretty high batting average". Fey attributed most of the references to executive producer and writer Robert Carlock, whom she described as "the resident expert".
Reception.
According to the Nielsen Media Research, "Don Geiss, America and Hope" was watched by 6.857 million viewers during its original United States broadcast. The rating was a 3 percent increase in viewership from the previous week's episode, "Future Husband", which was seen by 5.894 million American viewers. The show claimed a 3.0 rating/9 share among viewers aged 18 to 49, meaning that 3.0 percent of all people in that group, and 9 percent of all people from that group watching television at the time, watched the episode. For his work in this episode, Alec Baldwin received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination in the category for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series at the 62nd Primetime Emmy Awards, but lost it to actor Jim Parsons.
Television columnist Alan Sepinwall of "The Star-Ledger" wrote that despite "Don Geiss, America and Hope" not being "strong" as the last episode it had "many funny moments scattered throughout" that he was satisfied with. He noted that the uncomfortable relationship between Liz and Wesley "worked better" here than previously. Sepinwall said it "was a good story" for Jack's character, and that it was "nice" to see "30 Rock" "fearless about mocking their future Comcast overlords as they are at making fun of NBC". "The A.V. Club"'s Nathan Rabin enjoyed Michael Sheen's return, said that every part of Liz and Wesley's story was "brilliant". He observed that Jack's midlife crisis here was "poignant as well as funny." Overall, Rabin gave it a B+ rating, and concluded "...it was a rock-solid episode". Despite enjoying Sheen's role on the show, "Time" contributor James Poniewozik confessed he had a problem with his story arc with Tina Fey's Liz. "I assume that [Sheen] is not going to become a permanent cast member, and so however much I might enjoy parts of this story, I can never forget that this is probably one more relationship that Liz will go through and end up at status quo ante." Bob Sassone of AOL's TV Squad was complimentary towards the NBC/Kabletown deal, enjoyed Tracy's subplot, noting it gave the character "something important to do ... it also shined some new light on the Tracy Morgan character." Adam Mersel for "TV Guide" reasoned "I can officially say that almost no episode of "30 Rock" falls flat for me, and this one certainly didn't [...] All in all, this is one of my favorite episodes of the season." "Paste" magazine contributor Sean Gandert was favorable to it, noting "I'm not sure when the last time I thought every plot in a "30 Rock" episode was a winner, but 'Don Geiss, Hope and America' delivered on the exuberant claims of the episode's title". Nick Catucci of "New York" magazine wrote that Jack trying to fit in at Kabletown, along with his suggestion of "porn for women", was "meh", Liz dealing with Wesley and Tracy "dealing with the world's discovery of his fidelity to his wife" were all "quite comfortably situated in the show's wheelhouse".
Not all reviews were positive. IGN contributor Robert Canning felt that "Don Geiss, American and Hope" felt "a bit rudderless as well. The main stories eventually crossed over in meaningful ways, but aside from those connections, their direction was a bit weak and unsure. They all had a great bit or two ... but the general feel of the episode was mostly blah. That could likely be the result of the main characters coming off as mostly blah." In conclusion, Canning gave it a 7.5 out of 10 rating. Meredith Blake, a contributor for the "Los Angeles Times", was not positive towards Fey and Sheen's story here, explaining that the premise of the two characters settling for one another "fell flat" and "it just wasn't as funny as it could have been."


National Visitor Center

The National Visitor Center was an ill-fated attempt to repurpose Washington, D.C.'s Union Station as an information center for tourists visiting the United States Capitol and other Washington attractions. It opened for the Bicentennial celebrations in 1976, but it never was able to attract enough crowds to sustain its operating costs, and it closed in 1978.
Conception and construction.
As American railroad travel declined in the years after World War II, Union Station fell into financial and physical disrepair, losing much of its former glory as "one of Washington's grandest public spaces" and leading to discussion of alternative uses for the building. In 1958, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) and the Pennsylvania Railroad considered giving away the station or tearing it down and replacing it with an office building. In the early 1960s, government proposals for turning the station into a cultural center or railroad museum were rejected.
In 1967, the chairman of the U.S. Civil Service Commission expressed interest in using Union Station as a visitor center during the upcoming U.S. Bicentennial celebrations. The notion found a strong supporter in U.S. Representative Kenneth J. Gray. In 1968, Congress passed the National Visitor Center Facilities Act toward this end. President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the act into law to create a "central clearinghouse where a visitor can gather information about our many monuments, museums, and Government buildings". On March 12, 1968, the center was authorized into the hands of the National Park Service.
Funding for this was collected over the next six years, but progress was slowed by lawsuits, issues with contracts, and battles among Amtrak and the other railroads involved, Congress, the National Park Service, the Federal Railroad Administration, the Department of the Interior, and the Department of Transportation. Construction began in May 1974, and was rushed due to being behind schedule.
Features.
Reconstruction of the station included outfitting the famous Main Hall, with its 90-foot ceilings, with a recessed pit to display "Welcome to Washington", an expensive slide show presentation. This was officially the PAVE - the Primary Audio-Visual Experience, produced by the joint output of 100 Kodak Carousel slide projectors behind 100 screens, but was sarcastically referred to as "the Pit".
The center also featured two 175-seat movie theaters, multilingual information desks, an exhibit on first ladies, a Hall of States, a new parking garage, and a bookstore.
Opening and quick decline.
The entire project was completed, save for the parking garage, and opening ceremonies were held on July 4, 1976. But the expected large Bicentennial crowds failed to materialize.
Time did not help; due to a lack of publicity and convenient parking, the National Visitor Center was never popular. To some, the problem was more basic; Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan said, "What is the point of looking at slides of the U.S. Capitol when you can walk out the front door and see it?" By May 1978, the parking garage was still only half complete. On some days there were only a few dozen tourists who used the center. Two 175-seat movie theaters in the center played the film "City Out of Wilderness" to small handfuls of people. Total National Park Service expenditures for the National Visitor Center eventually ran to over $100 million, and some 20 congressional hearings were held about the project. The Pit, whose slide show was by now frequently turned off, became emblematic of the whole center's failure.
The lack of crowds meant the center could not sustain its operation. Financial considerations caused the National Park Service to close the theaters, end the slideshow presentation in "the Pit", and lay off almost three-quarters of the center's staff on October 28, 1978.
Union Station afterward.
With the visitor center closed, the physical condition of the structure got worse. Parts of the roof collapsed and rain damage ensued, toadstools grew inside the main hall, and the whole station was sealed shut in 1981. Congress decided to save it by act, and control over the entity was transferred from the National Park Service to the Department of Transportation on December 29, 1981. Contractors soon covered over the unloved Pit, completed and expanded the unfinished parking garage, and refurbished the basement movie theaters. Union Station was eventually restored, expanded, and viably reopened in 1988 as both a busy train station and a popular commercial retail area.
In retrospect, the National Visitor Center was viewed as a classic case of "federal tinkering" gone bad, "one of Washington's major embarrassments" and an idea that "failed miserably ... [and] closed in disgrace". Along with the new parking garage, one National Park Service historian later wrote sardonically that the primary legacy of the National Visitor Center was "100 surplus Carousels".


A World Requiem

A World Requiem, Op. 60 is a large-scale symphonic work with soloists and choirs by the British composer John Foulds. Written as a requiem and using forces similar in scale to Gustav Mahler's Eighth Symphony, the work calls for a full symphony orchestra, soloists, massed choirs including children's choirs, offstage instrumentalists and an organ.
Foulds wrote the work between 1919 and 1921, and conceived it as a memorial to the dead of all nations in the wake of the First World War. The text (in English), assembled by his wife Maud MacCarthy, to whom the score is dedicated, is not liturgical, though it uses sections of the Requiem Mass plus several other Biblical passages as well as excerpts from John Bunyan's "The Pilgrim's Progress", a poem by the Hindu poet Kabir and a few passages she wrote herself. There are 20 movements arranged in two parts of 10 movements each, though some movements are quite brief.
It was premiered under the auspices of the Royal British Legion on Armistice Night, 11 November 1923 in the Royal Albert Hall by up to 1,250 instrumentalists and singers; the latter were called the Cenotaph Choir. The soloists were Herbert Heyner, Ida Cooper, Olga Haley and William Heseltine. The programme-book for that occasion proclaimed on its cover that the work was 'A Cenotaph in Sound' and it is likely that Foulds wished to present his work as a musical equivalent of the Cenotaph recently erected in Whitehall and designed by his friend Sir Edwin Lutyens. The performance brought Foulds such popular acclaim that after his death Maud MacCarthy was able to publish a book devoted to the positive responses to the work, though critical reaction was mixed. The work was repeated from 1924 to 1926 and constituted the first Festivals of Remembrance.
The vocal score was published by W. Paxton & Co. Ltd., London, whose business was eventually absorbed by the music publishers Novello & Co. During the period when the work was being performed in the 1920s, Foulds introduced various revisions and modifications.
Having lain neglected for eighty years, the BBC in association with the Royal British Legion undertook a revival of the work, performed at the Royal Albert Hall on 11 November 2007. The BBC Symphony Orchestra was joined by soloists Jeanne-Michèle Charbonnet, Catherine Wyn-Rogers, Gerald Finley and Stuart Skelton and the BBC Symphony Chorus was joined by the Crouch End Festival Chorus, Philharmonia Chorus and Trinity Boys Choir and conducted by Leon Botstein.
The concert was broadcast live on BBC Radio 3 (and was streamed online from their site) and was also recorded for later release by Chandos Records. The Chandos recording was issued in January 2008.
The German premiere was held on 2 November 2014 in Wetzlar Cathedral.


Jahrtausendturm

Jahrtausendturm () is, at , one of the highest wooden towers in the world. It was established on the occasion of the Bundesgartenschau 1999 in the Magdeburger Elbauenpark in Magdeburg, Germany. The tower houses an exhibition on the development of sciences, which is supported by many descriptive experiments with which the visitor can interact. One notable example is a powerful telescope through which visitors can observe the distant clock-face on the Magdeburger cathedral.
Construction.
The intentionally inclined designed tower leads its visitor through an exhibit representing 6,000 years of human history. The tower has six floors, five of which comprise the history exhibit. The individual floors are accessible by means of an internal stairway, as well as a spiral wooden stair on the tower's exterior. The 8,000 square meter exhibition surface offers approximately 80 interactive experimental setups for the visitor to manipulate. In addition, the tower offers several hundred informational exhibits and diagrams. The exhibit is installed in chronological order. The Millennium Tower is in the Elbauenpark Magdeburg. Admission to the tower is included in the entrance price of the park.
Floors.
On the lowest floor one finds exhibits related to the earliest cultures and the birth of human history. The visitor will find (among other things) an accessible Ancient Egyptian dwelling, a grave chamber and a labyrinth. Exhibits are not limited to physical anthropology. The physical sciences and mathematics of earliest antiquity are described and represented in experiments, exhibits and diagrams.
The second floor concerns itself with the Middle Ages (500-1500). Here is represented antique world systems and medicine, simple machines and the science of early Arabia. Included in the interactive exhibits are pulley-blocks, a water wheel, and a human-powered impeller for pumping liquids.
The third floor is devoted to the knowledge of the Renaissance to early modern times (1500–1750). Here the visitor finds exhibits on mechanics, vacuum, magnetism, mathematics, alchemy, medicine and conceptions of world change. Important wars, the important journeys of discovery and major inventions (e.g., the printing press, the telescope) are among the main topics.
The fourth floor shows the period 1650-1859. The floor is divided into the levels 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3. Topics include medicine and chemistry, biology and sensory perception, as well as optics. Topics here include electricity, radio engineering, caloric theory, fixed star parallax, Doppler effect, space and time, as well as genetic engineering and the nuclear energy. Numerous experiments illustrate the topics.
The fifth floor concerns itself with modern research in the natural sciences and medicine. Emphasis is on the general topics "microcosm" and "macrocosm".
The sixth floor houses the observation platform.


Walter von Reichenau

Walter Karl Ernst August von Reichenau (8 October 1884 – 17 January 1942) was a field marshal in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II. Reichenau commanded the 6th Army, during the invasions of Belgium and France. During Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union, he continued to command the 6th Army as part of Army Group South as it captured Ukraine and advanced deep into Russia.
While in command of the 6th Army during Operation Barbarossa in 1941, he issued the notorious Severity Order which encouraged German soldiers to murder Jewish civilians on the Eastern Front. Reichenau's troops cooperated with the SS "Einsatzgruppen" in the commission of the massacre of over 33,000 Jews at Babi Yar, and assisted with other crimes against humanity that occurred in areas under his command during the Holocaust.
Early life and service.
The son of Prussian Lieutenant General Ernst August von Reichenau (1841-1919), Walter von Reichenau was born in 1884, in Karlsruhe. One of his brothers was Ernst von Reichenau. Walter joined the Prussian Army as an artillery officer cadet on 14 March 1903. He then attended the Prussian War Academy, going on to serve as a staff officer to Max Hoffmann in the First World War. At the beginning of the war, Reichenau was Adjutant of the 1st Guards Field Artillery Regiment and in this position he was promoted to Captain on 28 November 1914 and awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class and 1st Class over the course of the year. The following year he was transferred to the German General Staff and in the course of 1915 he served as Second Staff Officer (Ib) of the 47th Reserve Division and then as First Staff Officer (Ia) of the 7th Cavalry Division.
Reichenau's early years are described in conflicting terms, as both progressively minded but also brutal, with a history of executing soldiers who were AWOL, even in times of peace. Greatly unconventional, he was an avid outdoors man, spoke English at home and, in contrast to his later activities in Russia, insisted on supporting World War I Jewish veterans' events in full military uniform, even after Hitler came to power. In April 1919 he married the Silesian aristocrat Alexandrine Gräfin Maltzan Freiin zu Wartenberg und Penzlin (1895-1984).
Interwar period.
After the war, he joined the "Grenzschutz Ost" Freikorps as a General Staff officer, serving in Silesia and Pomerania. In 1919 Reichenau joined in the newly established "Reichswehr" of the Weimar Republic. The officer corps of the new armed forces' was limited to 4,000, and there was to be no General Staff. Reichenau took a post in the "Truppenamt", which was the "underground" equivalent of the General Staff formed by Hans von Seeckt. He was promoted to Major in 1924, to Lieutenant Colonel on 1 April 1929 and Colonel on 1 February 1932. In 1930 Reichenau was appointed Chief of Staff to the Inspector of Signals at the Ministry of the Reichswehr. He was later introduced to Hitler in April 1932 by his uncle, a diplomat. Extremely ambitious, he saw the Nazi Party as a revolutionary vessel in which he could propel his career and so broke with the pro-Monarchist politics of the Prussian military caste and became a devoted Nazi.
As an outspoken ally and advocate of Hitler and the Nazi Party, Reichenau soon ran afoul of cabinet member and eventual Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher, who used his authority to have him transferred out of his prestigious posting in Berlin to the headquarters of the military district of East Prussia, a relative backwater. In East Prussia Reichenau served under General Werner von Blomberg, a fellow exile of Schleicher's. Reichenau and Blomberg became political allies within the army and it was Reichenau who introduced Blomberg to Hitler. Blomberg, who had a reputation of being manipulated by Reichenau, was captivated by Hitler and both men soon used their connections with the Nazi party to advance. When Hitler came to power in January 1933, Blomberg became Minister of War. One of his first acts was to promote Reichenau to head the powerful Ministerial Office, acting as liaison officer between the Army and the Nazi Party. He played a leading role in persuading Nazi leaders such as Göring and Himmler that the power of Ernst Röhm and the SA must be broken if the army was to support the Nazi-led government. This led directly to the "Night of the Long Knives" of 30 June 1934.
In 1935 Reichenau was promoted to lieutenant general ("Generalleutnant") and was also appointed to command the military forces in Munich. Reichenau was one of Hitler's favorite Generals and his first choice for commander-in-chief of the "Heer" in 1934, but internal army politics resulted in General Werner von Fritsch getting the post.
Reflecting Reichenau's preference for assignments of political matter, Blomberg sent Reichenau to China in May 1934 to support General Alexander von Falkenhausen's existing military assistance mission. Konstantin von Neurath, the Foreign Minister, and German ambassador to Japan Herbert von Dirksen, raised objections to Reichenau's posting, fearing that the assignment of an officer of his stature could imperil Germany's relationship with Japan.
In 1938, after the Blomberg-Fritsch Affair, in which Fritsch was forced out of the Army command, Reichenau was again Hitler's first choice for head of the "Heer", but older leaders such as Gerd von Rundstedt and Ludwig Beck refused to serve under Reichenau, and Hitler again backed down.
World War II.
In September 1939, Reichenau commanded the 10th Army during the German invasion of Poland and was the first German to cross the Vistula river, which he swam across. After the campaign he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for his role as commander of the 10th Army. During the final two years before the outbreak of WWII, the majority of the German General Staff was so alarmed by the rush to war and so convinced of Germany's insuperable strategic disadvantages that they plotted to overthrow Hitler. When Reichenau learned of Hitler's plans to invade the Low Countries following so quickly on the heels of the Poland campaign, he opined this was "absolutely crazy [völlig wahnsinnig]" and in November 1939 met with leaders of the military-tied German Resistance, not only revealing the invasion plans but going so far as to suggest means by which the Dutch might thwart the invaders. In spite of the efforts of Reichenau and others in the German Resistance and for various reasons, the Allies did not heed the warnings; Reichenau stepped back from his opposition to Hitler. In 1940 he led the 6th Army during the invasion of Belgium and France and later that year Hitler promoted him to field marshal during the 1940 Field Marshal Ceremony.
During the German invasion of the Soviet Union, as commander of the 6th Army, he led his army into the heart of Russia during the summer of 1941. The 6th Army was a part of Army Group South, and captured Kiev, Belgorod, Kharkov and Kursk. During its offensive into the Soviet Union, the German army was confronted with a number of superior tank designs. Reichenau inspected the Soviet tanks he came across, entering each tank and measuring its armour plate. According to general staff officer Paul Jordan, after examining a T-34, Reichenau told his officers "If the Russians ever produce it on an assembly line we will have lost the war."
In November 1941 Hitler relieved Field Marshal von Rundstedt from his command of Army Group South and promoted Reichenau to take his place. At his personal recommendation to Hitler, Friedrich Paulus, a protege of Reichenau's and former member of his command staff, was promoted to take over his command of the 6th Army.
Death.
Reichenau was a habitual cross-country runner and suffered a stroke after a routine run in cold weather on 14 January 1942. He then sustained severe head injuries when the flight carrying him back to Leipzig for medical attention crashed on landing in Lemberg. Whether he died from his stroke or from injuries sustained in the crash is unknown. He was replaced at Army Group South by Fedor von Bock and given a state funeral.
Nazi political activities and war crimes.
"Generalfeldmarschall" Reichenau's uncle was an ardent Nazi and introduced him to Adolf Hitler in April 1932. Reichenau joined the Nazi Party, although doing so was a violation of the army regulations laid down by Seeckt to insulate the army from national politics. Reichenau was an anti-Semite who equated Jewry with Bolshevism and a perceived Asian threat to Europe. Having died in 1942, Reichenau was never convicted of war crimes, but he was part of the German General Staff and High Command of the Armed Forces collectively indicted at Nuremberg. Specifically cited in the indictment was his "Reichenau Order", commonly known as the Severity Order of October 1941, which supported Nazi genocidal policies: The only objection Reichnenau raised to the activities of the Einsatzgruppen in his sector was when they were killing so many Jews, so quickly, that they began to create ammunition shortages in his sector of operations, an issue he addressed by recommending that the SS and SD limit themselves to two bullets per Jew.
Reichenau was in charge of the area of operations in which SS, Einsatzgruppen, and Ukrainian auxiliaries committed the massacre of over 33,000 Jews at Babi Yar. Later that year in August, Reichenau also directly acted to ensure the execution of ninety Jewish children in the 1941 Bila Tserkva massacre, after Helmuth Groscurth petitioned him to avert the killings.


List of memorials to John F. Kennedy

This is a list of memorials to John F. Kennedy, 35th President of the United States, 1917 – 1963.


Harlow Hill Cemetery

Harlow Hill Cemetery on Otley Road, Harrogate, North Yorkshire, England, is a local authority cemetery established on land donated by Henry Lascelles, 4th Earl of Harewood in 1869, and consecrated on 3 October 1871 by the Bishop of Ripon. It features the Gothic Revival Church of All Saints, designed by Isaac Thomas Shutt and Alfred Hill Thompson. It has individual memorials to casualties of World Wars I and II, and other graves include those of actor Michael Rennie and Catherine Gurney, an activist in the Temperance movement in the United Kingdom.
Location and general information.
Harlow Hill Cemetery is on the north side of Otley Road, near RHS Garden Harlow Carr in Harrogate. It is run by Harrogate Borough Council; It was established in 1869 on land donated by the Earl of Harewood. Although the church was opened on 11 April 1871, the church and cemetery could not be consecrated until 3 October of the same year due to a financial anomaly.
History.
Early history.
Harlow Hill is the earliest recorded place of worship in Harrogate. It is likely that a chantry chapel existed on this hill in the 14th century. Harrogate Chantry Chapel is first mentioned in a will of 1439 and was dissolved in 1549. A high cross known as the Great Puddingstone Cross existed close by the site of the chapel from at least 1199, and was gone by 1610. By 1848 there is no mention of a church or cemetery on Harlow Hill.
Recent history.
In 2000 at Grove Road Cemetery, Harrogate, a 99-year-old, high monument fell and killed Reuben Powell aged six years. Harrogate Council responded by contacting those owners of graves who were traceable to ask them to secure their standing stone memorials. Between 2006 and 2010, 6,000 standing monuments with untraceable owners were laid down for safety reasons by the Council. During the same period, "scores of Harrogate district offenders, sentenced to Community Payback" assisted with the reinstatement of over 1,000 of the laid-down memorials. Councillor Les Ellington said, "Not only is this bringing benefit to local communities, who are seeing their cemeteries reinstated, it is saving public funds ... over 60 offenders have also been accredited by York College of Masonry with Open College Network qualifications."
Chapel.
The plot of land for the chapel and cemetery was donated by Henry Lascelles, 4th Earl of Harewood (1824–1892), and the church was opened in 1871. The chapel was designed by Isaac Thomas Shutt and Alfred Hill Thompson ARIBA, architects.
Notable burials.
Individual war memorials.
The Commonwealth War Graves Commission has identified 28 casualties recorded here. There are various individual gravestone-memorials to those killed in World Wars I and II, and the cemetery has been photographed and indexed with war memorials noted.
For example, Donald Luke Abbott (1920–1943) was a prisoner of war in Japanese hands, he was buried at Thanbyuzayat, Burma, in the war cemetery commemorating those who died constructing the Burma-Siam Railway. The stone cross for the Beall family records two brothers killed in action in 1917 and 1916. They are Lieutenant A. Ernest Beall of the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry and Lance Sergeant Wilfred R. Beall of the York and Lancaster Regiment. The Campbell stone cross monument records the death in France of Private William Gordon Campbell (1887–1917) of the 46th Battalion of the AIF, or First Australian Imperial Force. The gravestone of the Crawford family tells of Geoffrey Crawford, his parents' only son, who was killed in action in Sumatra in 1942. Fred Foxton, ABRN, (1919–1944) is recorded as missing presumed killed at sea; his sister had already died suddenly at the age of 26. The portrait of Ordinary Seaman Kenneth Mattison RN (1922–1942) C/JX 318042 in sailor's uniform is on his white gravestone; he died at age 19 years of wounds received in action at sea on 17 August 1942. Captain John K. Miller MC was a captain in the Denbighshire Hussars and attached to the Royal Welch Fusiliers. He was killed in action in 1918 near Roussoy, France, and buried in the British cemetery northwest of St Quentin.
Walter Ranson (Hawke) Oliver (1894–1918) of the 63rd (Royal Naval) Division was killed in action; his monument is a stone cross. Lieutenant Roy Balfour Hodgson Rayner (1893–1916) "(pictured)" of 15th West Yorkshire Regiment died of wounds in France on 24 May 1916. He was wounded by shrapnel while trying to rescue wounded members of a wiring party. Lieutenant Elwyn George Renton (1886–1918) RASC, attached to the Imperial Camel Corps, died of pneumonia at the Station Hospital, Lahore on 29 May 1918. In peacetime he was a solicitor. Two brothers from the Wooler family died in action, and their monument is a white marble cross. 2nd Lieutenant (active Captain) Charles Armitage Wooler (1895–1916) was in the West Yorkshire Regiment; he was wounded while leading his men into action at the Battle of the Somme, and died at Woolwich Hospital. His brother 2nd Lieutenant Herbert Sykes Wooler 2nd lieutenant of the Royal Artillery (Cantae: Intelligence Officer) of the 12th West Yorkshire Regiment (1893–1916) is buried at Lissenhuek Military Cemetery, Poperinge, Belgium.
Captain T.W. Youngs of the Border Regiment survived active service and died in 1917. Recorded in plot H.69 is Davis Welby (1875–1918) "(pictured)", Second Lieutenant of the Royal Garrison Artillery, and previously no. 4539 in the Artists Rifles. He died in Ireland. Private James Alexander Fairley (1896–1916) belonged to the Saskatchewan Regiment of the 1st Battalion, Canadian Mounted Rifles, CEF. Private Selwyn Lupton (1896–1916) 1380 1st/5th West Yorkshire Regiment "(pictured)" died on 20 January at Wharncliffe War Hospital, Sheffield, from wounds sustained at Ypres on 20 December 1915, having served in France since April 1915. He had the British War and 1915 Star medals. Private Francis Cecil Yates 2093 of 1st/5th West Yorkshire Regiment (now Prince of Wales's Own), from Hookstone Road, Harrogate, was killed in action at Ypres on 28 September 1915 aged 23. Private Clifford Wheeler 235865 of 9th Battalion West Yorkshire Regiment, formerly 330615 Yorkshire Hussars Yeomanry, from West Lea Avenue, Harrogate, died on 9 October 1917 aged 23.
Burials and "in memoriams".
The ashes of actor Michael Rennie (1909–1971) are buried in section F, plot 21 under his birth name Eric Alexander Rennie. He is remembered in particular for his role as Klaatu in the 1951 film "The Day the Earth Stood Still". The stone cross monument for Thomas Roger Carr in section F records two premature deaths: Carr (1899–1926) was killed in an accident, and his father Thomas (1858–1911) was lost at sea. The Louise Clark stone cross monument records Moorhouse Clark (1872–1935), who was the classical master of Denstone College for twenty years, then vicar of Croxton and Hollington for eleven years. Catherine Gurney (1848–1930) was the founder in 1883 of the International Christian Police, and founder in 1898 of the Northern Police Orphanage in Harrogate, besides being an activist in the Temperance Movement. Her original headstone has been replaced with a new black marble one. Alfred Mantle (1846–1924) was a physician; his monument is a stone cross. Carle Mumme (1838–1919) was a shipbuilder from Dungallon, Greenock; he has an elaborate memorial of an angel and cross. James Walter Nuttall (1862–1928) was headmaster of Clifton House School, 6 Queen Parade, Harrogate, and his monument is a carved Celtic cross.
Charles Farrar Forster (1848–1894) was the first vicar of Beckwithshaw Church, dedicating himself to parochial work despite severe pain due to heart disease. Gertrude Alina Paitson (1880–1921) was a nurse; her monument is a stone cross. Emily Perry, a nanny who died in 1941, was buried under a stone Celtic cross in the same grave as the family she cared for at Grey Court, 57 Kent Road, Harrogate, the residence of John Joseph Prest (1859–1933), JP. Arthur Vasey Thomas (1906–1930) of Nitter Hill and Oakdale Farm, Penny Pot Lane, Harrogate, died in a road accident. He overtook a motor-bus and hit a bus coming the other way, near Pateley Bridge. Samuel George Mower Webb (1843–1929) was rector or vicar of All Saints Church, Saxton with Scarthingwell (1878–1903), of St Mary the Virgin, Kirk Fenton, West Yorkshire (1903–1911), and of St Andrew's Church, Newton Kyme (1911–1912). Atherton West (1954–1923) was a weaving master of Elgin Mills, Kanpur, who founded Victoria Mill, now Atherton Mills, in Kanpur, India in 1885. John Arthur Green (d.1926) was one of the founder members and first secretary of the Yorkshire Ramblers' Club, and a runner in Leeds Harriers in the late 1880s. He worked for the North Eastern Railway, and for Beckett's Bank. He was manager in turn of Leeds, Mansfield and Harrogate branches of the Yorkshire Penny Bank. He was a climber and potholer, and was one of the first party to descend Pillar Pot and Rift Pot. Margaret Ingilby or Ingleby (1827–1894) was one of the Ingilbys of Lawkland Hall, Lawkland, who in turn were related to the Ingilbys of Ripley Castle.


Bea Evenson Fountain

Bea Evenson Fountain is an outdoor fountain in San Diego's Balboa Park, in the U.S. state of California.
Designed by noted modernist architect Homer Delawie, the fountain honors Bea Evenson (1900–1981), the founding president of the park's Committee of 100, organized in the late 1960s to save or reconstruct the buildings of the Panama–California Exposition of 1915.
Built in 1972 on the Plaza de Balboa, the fountain was dedicated to Evenson in May 1981.


Kemar Lawrence

Kemar Michael Lawrence (born 17 September 1992) is a Jamaican professional footballer who plays as a full-back for Major League Soccer club Toronto FC and the Jamaica national team.
His nickname is Taxi. In January 2014, Lawrence was announced as a brand ambassador for PepsiCo as part of the 2014 FUTBOLNOW campaign featuring footballers such as Lionel Messi and Sergio Agüero.
Early life.
Lawrence is the son of former goalkeeper Orville 'Tutus' Edwards, rated among the best goalkeepers in the Caribbean during his career, who played for Santos FC and the Jamaica national team during the 1970s, and who died in 2005 at 53 years of age from kidney failure.
Club career.
Jamaica.
In 2003, Lawrence began his career in the youth ranks of Rae Town football club.
In 2007, he signed for Harbour View, and was part of their National Premier League-winning teams in the 2009–2010. In 2009 Lawrence was briefly part of the residency program of the Canadian club Vancouver Whitecaps, then of the American USL First Division. After primarily playing for Harbour View's U20 team, he broke into the first team in 2011, making a total of 50 appearances.
In 2012, he briefly moved to Arnett Gardens F.C., before returning to Harbour View in September. He was part of Harbour View's championship squad in 2012–2013 seasons.
In 2014 he was selected for the inaugural MLS Caribbean Combine. In July 2014, Lawrence went to the United States for a two-week trial with MLS club D.C. United but was not offered a contract.
New York Red Bulls.
On 16 March 2015 it was announced that Lawrence had signed with New York Red Bulls of Major League Soccer after impressing during a preseason trial. On 22 March 2015, Lawrence made his debut for New York playing the full 90 in a 2–0 victory over rival D.C. United at Red Bull Arena. After strong performances at left-back, Lawrence beat out long time defender Roy Miller for the starting spot. On 18 October 2015, Lawrence scored his first goal for New York in a 4–1 victory over Philadelphia Union, helping the club clinch the Eastern Conference regular season title.
On 29 April 2017 Lawrence scored the game-winning goal in New York's 2–1 victory over Chicago Fire. On 23 June 2018 Lawrence scored his first goal of the season in a 3-0 victory over FC Dallas. A week later, on 1 July, Lawrence scored the lone goal in New York's 1-0 victory over Toronto FC.
Anderlecht.
On 31 January 2020, Lawrence moved to Anderlecht for fee of 1.25 million euros. He made his debut on 7 March, as a substitute, in a 7-0 win against Zulte Waregem. On 28 February 2021, he scored his first goal for Anderlecht, scoring the second goal in a 3-1 victory over Standard Liège.
Toronto FC.
On 7 May 2021, he returned to Major League Soccer, joining Toronto FC.
International career.
At the international level, Lawrence has represented the Jamaica under-17 team, the Jamaica under-20, and the national team of Jamaica, the Reggae Boyz.
Lawrence competed in the 2011 CONCACAF U-20 Championship in Guatemala, taking part in Jamaica's two first-round defeats, and receiving a yellow card in the second match against Honduras.
After being part of national team training camps in 2013, Lawrence was first selected for the Reggae Boyz for the CONCACAF Fourth Round qualifying match against Panama in Panama City in September 2013. Lawrence received his first cap in a friendly against Trinidad and Tobago at the Montego Bay Sports Complex in Montego Bay in November 2013.
Lawrence appeared in all four matches of the Jamaica national team's international tour in the summer of 2014, which saw them play 2014 FIFA World Cup-bound France and Switzerland, along with Serbia and Egypt.
In September 2014, Lawrence scored his first goal for Jamaica in a 3–1 friendly defeat against Canada. Later that year, in November, he scored Jamaica's first goal against Antigua and Barbuda, which came in the final group stage match of their 2014 Caribbean Cup-winning campaign.
Lawrence played at the 2015 Copa América and, despite Jamaica losing all three matches 1–0, Lawrence was deemed the best left-back in the tournament by Rio-based football writer and broadcaster Tim Vickery.
On 23 July 2017, Lawrence scored on a left-footed freekick from just outside of the box to eliminate tournament favorites Mexico and send Jamaica to a second straight Gold Cup Final.
Style of play.
Lawrence plays most often on the left side of defence, specialising in the role of a wing-back. Ian Burnett, writing for The Jamaica Observer, described Lawrence as "a feisty wide defender who is solid in defence and on offence", while Winfried Schäfer, former manager of the Jamaica national team, said that Lawrence is a player with good pace and intelligence on the field, while stating his belief that he is a player with "a chance to play in Europe". Leicester City captain and Jamaica teammate Wes Morgan noted Lawrence's defensive abilities in dealing with Switzerland and Bayern Munich winger Xherdan Shaqiri, and he was also praised for his technical quality and attitude by Jamaica teammate and Crystal Palace defender Adrian Mariappa.
Honours.
Club.
New York Red Bulls


Atocha station memorial

The Atocha station memorial is a memorial monument located at Atocha station in Madrid, Spain, that commemorates the 191 victims of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings. Furthermore, it also honors the special forces agent who died when seven suicide bombers blew themselves up on 3 April 2004 during a raid on an apartment used by the bombers.
The tall cylinder stands above Atocha station, the destination of the four trains that were attacked. Texts composed of hundreds of expressions of grief sent in the days after the attack from all over the world are printed on a clear colourless membrane that is inflated by air pressure, rising balloon-like inside a cylinder. That structure is composed of glass blocks and sits on a platform or terrace overhead. The light in the empty blue room below comes from this source alone. At night the cylinder is illuminated by lamps within its base and can be seen throughout the station neighborhood.
King Juan Carlos, Queen Sofia and Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero attended a ceremony at the site on the third anniversary of the bombings, 11 March 2007. Wreaths were laid at the foot of the tower and mourners observed three minutes of silence.


London Association for the Prevention of Premature Burial

The London Association for the Prevention of Premature Burial was an association that was co-founded in 1896 by William Tebb and Walter Hadwen. In the 1800s, it was not common nor mandatory for a physician to examine a body after death and declare the person deceased. The absence of a final check by a competent person for signs of life led to fears of premature burial. The London Association for the Prevention of Premature Burial was created to bring attention to the perceived problem of this state of affairs. The association it campaigned for improvements in death certification and for the building of "safety coffins" with warning devices that could be activated by a person mistakenly declared dead and buried.


William Howard Taft High School (San Antonio)

William Howard Taft High School is a public high school in the Northside Independent School District (NISD) of San Antonio, Texas, United States. As with all NISD high schools, the school is named for a United States Supreme Court justice, in this case former Chief Justice William Howard Taft, who was also the 27th President of the United States.
Taft High School was the fifth NISD high school, and the first outside Loop 1604. It is home to the magnet school Communications Arts High School which focuses primarily on college readiness and technology. The building was designed by Noonan, Dockery, and Rittimann Architects and was built by the H.B. Zachry Company.
Taft was named a National Blue Ribbon School in 1997-98. In 2017, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency, with a 2-Star Distinction for Academic Achievements in Social Studies and Top 25 Percent Closing Performance Gaps.
Athletics.
The Taft Raiders compete in the following sports:
Marching Band.
The Taft Raider Band has over 130 students from Communications Arts and Taft. The band qualified for the state marching contest in 2014.