Buffalo Bird Woman

Waheenee, also referred to as the Buffalo Bird Woman (ca. 1839-1932) was a traditional Hidatsa woman who lived on the Fort Berthold Reservation in North Dakota. Her Hidatsa name was Waheenee, though she was also called Maaxiiriwia (variously transcribed as "Maxidiwiac" and "Maxi'diwiac"). She was known for maintaining the traditional lifestyle of the Hidatsa, including gardening, cooking, and household tasks. She passed on the traditional ways of her culture and oral tradition through interviews with Gilbert Wilson, in which she described her own experience and the lives and work of Hidatsa women.
Biography.
Early life.
Waheenee was born to Want-to-be-a-woman and Small Ankle, both of the Native American Hidatsa tribe. The exact date of her birth is unknown, but is believed to be circa 1839. She also had a brother, Wolf Chief.
Recovering after a smallpox epidemic in 1837, the Hidatsa moved to the newly created Like-a-Fishhook Village in North Dakota in 1845. Waheenee was four years old at the time. The Hidatsa was joined by the Mandan and, in 1863, the Arikara tribes as well. Together, the tribes are known as the Three Affiliated Tribes.
When she was six, Waheenee's mother died of smallpox during another outbreak. From that time, she was raised by her grandmother Turtle and her great-grandmother's adopted daughter Otter.
Waheenee was declared her official name at a naming ceremony when she was ten. However, Small Ankle began to call her Maaxiiriwia, which translates to Buffalo Bird Woman. This is the name by which she is most commonly known.
Adulthood.
Waheenee married twice. Her first husband, Magpie, died of tuberculosis. She later married Son-of-a-star. In 1869, the two had their only child, Tsaka'kasakic, commonly known as Edward Goodbird.
Around 1885, the tribes began to move to the land along the Missouri River. The area that was settled came to be known as the Fort Berthold Reservation.
Waheenee spent the majority of her adulthood on the Reservation, populated by the Three Affiliated Tribes. She gardened using traditional Hidatsa agricultural styles throughout her life. She never learned to speak English. Her brother Wolf Chief, by contrast, had learned English, converted to Christianity, and added Henry as his first name.
"Buffalo Bird Woman's Garden".
Waheenee's connection to greater United States society came about through her son. Edward Goodbird, who had gone to mission school and become a pastor, was fluent in four languages. He established a connection with ethnographer Gilbert Wilson, who was visiting Fort Berthold in 1906. Between 1907 and 1918, Wilson conducted interviews with Waheenee, Henry Wolf Chief, and Goodbird. Conversations with the former were the basis of his doctoral dissertation, "Buffalo Bird Woman's Garden: Agriculture of the Hidatsa Indians". Wilson published the dissertation in the University of Minnesota's "Studies in the Social Sciences" academic journal in 1917. The thesis led to his receiving the first Ph.D. in anthropology from the University of Minnesota.
"Buffalo Bird Woman's Garden: Agriculture of the Hidatsa Indians" is the work for which Waheenee is best known. Originally titled "Agriculture of the Hidatsa Indians: An Indian Interpretation", the book is a compilation of information from Buffalo Bird Woman about Hidatsa harvesting practices. The interviews which make up the majority of the content were conducted and edited by Wilson, with Goodbird acting as interpreter.
The majority of Wilson's book informs readers of Hidatsa agricultural practices. However, the interviews covered other subjects as well, which are also included in the book. Buffalo Bird Woman also discusses the Hidatsa's origin myths, history of her tribe, and cultural practices. The book also has photographs of an elderly Waheenee gardening. Goodbird's drawings of maps and of Hidatsa agricultural tools, based on Waheenee's own tools, are included as well.
The interviews and stories told by Waheenee were left essentially unchanged by Wilson in the dissertation. As he explains of his work in the Foreword, "It is an Indian woman's interpretation of economics; the thoughts she gave to her fields; the philosophy of her labors." Wilson also mentions that he hopes that his account will lead to better treatment for all Indians once readers understand the work that went into Buffalo Bird Woman's life.
Wilson published several more works about the Hidatsa. "Goodbird the Indian", published in 1914, reveals further details of her son's life. "Waheenee: An Indian Girl's Story, Told by Herself", published in 1921, is an autobiography of Waheenee and Goodbird. The books were also conducted through transcribed interviews.
Contents.
Foreword
Chapter I- Tradition
Chapter II- Beginning a garden
Chapter III- Sunflowers
Chapter IV- Corn
Chapter V- Squashes
Chapter VI- Beans
Chapter VII- Storing for winter
Chapter VIII- The making of a drying stage
Chapter IX- Tools
Chapter X- Fields as Like-a-Fishhook Village
Chapter XI- Miscellanea
Chapter XII- Since the white men came
Chapter XIII- Tobacco
Legacy.
Waheenee is today remembered for her accounts of traditional Hidatsa life as well as for her gardening techniques. Copies of "Buffalo Bird Woman's Garden", complied in Wilson's original layout, are still available for purchase. The most recent publication was released by the Minnesota Historical Society Press in 1987, and includes a contemporary introduction by anthropologist and ethnobotanist Jeffery R. Hanson. "Buffalo Bird Woman's Garden" is also accessible for free on the University of Pennsylvania's Digital Library website.
"Buffalo Bird Woman's Garden" has largely fallen into obscurity. However, those who read the book praise its historicity and still-useful gardening accounts. Tom Woods laments in "Minnesota History" that Hanson does not provide any contextual reference with regard to the Hidatsa's agricultural practices compared to other tribes. However, the review is mostly positive. Woods praises the Minnesota Historical Society Press for "rescuing this book from the dusty shelves of obscurity."
A children's picture book, "Buffalo Bird Girl: A Hidatsa Story" was published in 2012. Written by S.D. Nelson, the book uses Wilson's dissertation to construct a fictionalized account of Waheenee's childhood.


Taurasi DOCG

Taurasi and Taurasi riserva are red, still Italian wines based principally on the Aglianico grape variety produced in the Province of Avellino in the Campania region. They were awarded "Denominazione di Origine Controllata" (DOC) status in 1970 and "Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita" (DOCG) status in 1993. Produced less than 40 miles (64 km) from the other Aglianico stronghold of Aglianico del Vulture in Basilicata, the volcanic soils of the Taurasi region demonstrate the potential the Aglianico grape has to make wines on par with the Nebbiolo grape of Piedmont and Sangiovese grape of Tuscany. The popularity of the region's wine is a relatively recent phenomenon. Until the early 1990s, there was only one winery (Mastroberardino), producing wine for the export market. By the mid-2000s, there were over 293 producers in the Taurausi zone.
Production zone.
The vineyards may be located within the boundaries of the following communes of the Province of Avellino: Taurasi, Bonito, Castelfranci, Castelvetere sul Calore, Fontanarosa, Lapio, Luogosano, Mirabella Eclano, Montefalcione, Montemarano, Montemiletto, Paternopoli, Pietradefusi, Sant'Angelo all'Esca, San Mango sul Calore, Torre Le Nocelle and Venticano. The total area is about and is situated on volcanic soil.
Winemaking.
The Aglianico grape thrives on vineyards at higher altitudes, around 400 to 500 meters above sea level. According to DOCG regulations, Taurasi wines must be aged a minimum of 3 years prior to release with at least 1 of those years being in wood. For wines labeled "Riserva", the wines must be aged for at least 4 years. The wines are made primarily from Aglianico though up to 15% of Barbera, Piedirosso and Sangiovese maybe be blended in.


Emmett Goff

Emmett Stull Goff was a pioneering horticulturist, inventor, writer and educator best known for his early promotion of the cherry growing industry in Door County, Wisconsin.
Early life and career.
Emmett Stull Goff was born on September 3, 1852, on a farm just south of Elmira, New York one of a family that eventually numbered five brothers and three sisters. Goff attended the common schools of New York and the Elmira Free Academy, from which he graduated in 1870. For the next five years, he worked on the family farm. By 1875, despite not having any formal experience as a teacher, he began a short career as a schoolmaster in Elmira.
New York Geneva Agricultural Experiment Station.
When the New York Geneva Agricultural Experiment Station was founded in 1882 to focus on agricultural scientific research and the establishment of experimental plantings, Goff was hired as the Station's first horticulturist by Edward Lewis Sturtevant. An early project was to develop a botanical listing of the known vegetables propagated and marketed by nurserymen in New York State, a catalog that extends over 190 pages.
His work on apple varieties culminated in a report that was, at the time, the "most noteworthy collection of its kind in the United States" containing over 700 named varieties of apples and crabapples . While developing his classification of plants of New York, Goff published his observations on cross fertilization relating to the dominance and recessiveness in certain characters of the common garden pea, seventeen years before the rediscovery in 1900 of Gregor Mendel’s Law of Genetic Inheritance.
In the 1880s The Geneva Station was under pressure to achieve visible results that could be exhibited to farmers. Goff was involved with establishing small plots demonstrating the effectiveness of new fertilizers, insecticides or varieties alongside control plots devoted to the old way of doing things.
University of Wisconsin - Madison.
The Wisconsin Agriculture Experiment Station was established in 1883 at a time when the decline in agricultural productivity due to infertile soils was a growing concern. Goff was recruited to Wisconsin in 1889 by his Geneva Station colleague Stephen M. Babcock who had joined the staff a year earlier. Subsequently, Dean William Arnon Henry appointed Goff as the university's first Professor of Horticulture and as the Horticulturist to the University Agricultural Experiment Station.
At Wisconsin Goff investigated therapy of apple scab, potato blight and scab, corn smut, onion mold, spot disease of strawberries, and grape mildew and rot, in addition to the development of reagents and spray machinery. Perhaps his best single work was the study carried on at Madison and the University of Chicago on "The Time and the Manner of the Formation of Flower Buds in Fruit Trees" published in 1899.
Goff authored "Principles of Plant Culture" (1897) which by 1916 had reached its eighth edition. This volume was followed by "Lessons in Pomology" (1899) and "Lessons in Commercial Fruit Growing" (1902)
Goff planted an orchard on the Madison Agriculture Station grounds seeking fruit trees hardy enough for Wisconsin's winters. In travels around the state and in conjunction with orchardist Arthur L. Hatch, Goff discovered that Door County, Wisconsin – the peninsula on the east shore of Wisconsin that extends into Lake Michigan - is remarkably suited for fruit growing. The subsequent growth of the cherry industry brought Door County national prominence.
In the classroom, Goff built a student enrollment from less than a dozen to more than 300 by 1902. This was at a time when there were few departments in the college and presumably every student took at least one course in horticulture as part of their program.
Death.
Goff died suddenly on June 6, 1902, at age 49 as a result of unsuccessful intestinal surgery. He was buried in the Forest Hill Cemetery in Madison, Wisconsin.


Ironstone Vineyards

Ironstone Vineyards is noted for several leading US brands, including Obsession Wines, Leaping Horse Vineyards, Christine Andrew, Stone Valley, and Drifting. As of 2004, Ironstone has been listed as the 17th largest winery (in terms of cases sold) in the US. Ironstone also sells significant amounts of wine in the international markets including the UK, Canada and 40 other countries. Ironstone has used a series of somewhat different names and bottle designs including "Kautz Ironstone Vineyards," "Ironstone Vineyards," "IronStone," and, most recently, "Ironstone 4th Generation Family Growers."
Lodi Grape Growers.
In addition to vineyards in the Sierra Foothills, Ironstone draws on the production from its Lodi appellation vineyards—some in all. John and Gail Kautz, founders of Ironstone, were the first to plant chardonnay and other wine varietals in the Lodi area. The Kautz family grows numerous varieties including Cabernet Franc, Symphony, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot. Ironstone Vineyards is a family-run business where apart from the husband-wife duo, John and Gail Kautz, their sons Kurt Kautz is the chief financial officer and Jack Kautz is the director.
The family's Bear Creek Winery, founded in 1934, is listed as having 8.2 million gallons of capacity, making it the 24th largest winery in the U.S. Recent capacity expansions have increased this to an estimated 12 million gallons, making it around the 20th largest winery in the U.S. Jack Kautz, who is also the founder of CrossFit Lodi, is a partner at Bear Creek Winery and is responsible for marketing the family's wines throughout the United States.
In 2015, Jack appealed the Calaveras County Planning Commission to block the construction of the Verizon tower, a mile from the winery. In the same year, Ironstone Vineyards owners, John and Jack Kautz, donated $25,000 to The Murphys Fire Protection Service.
Visitors' center and amphitheater.
The Ironstone facility is located in Calaveras County, just outside Murphys, California. The seven-story building is built in the shape of a gold stamp mill.
A 44 lbs troy (16.4 kg) gold specimen, Ironstone's Crown Jewel, the largest specimen of crystalline gold in existence, is on display in the Jewelry Shoppe. The Alhambra Theater Organ, taken from the Alhambra Theatre, is on display as well, and is played daily.
In March, Ironstone celebrates its Obsession Weekend in which its new Obsession Symphony wine is released in conjunction with a juried art show and other events. Later in March, as Murphys celebrates its Irish Days, Ironstone hosts a multi-county judged daffodil show.
Ironstone puts on annual concerts and in the past have featured acts such as the Russian National Orchestra, Dave Koz, Robert Cray, Michael McDonald, The Doobie Brothers, Los Lonely Boys Earth, Wind & Fire, Kelly Clarkson, Jeff Beck, Gretchen Wilson, John Michael Montgomery, Lynyrd Skynyrd, UB40, Vince Gill, Amy Grant, Peter Frampton, B. B. King, Huey Lewis and the News, Steely Dan, ZZ Top, Chris Isaak, Bonnie Raitt, The Moody Blues, Don Henley, Willie Nelson, Alan Jackson, Crosby, Stills & Nash, Faith Hill, Chicago, The Fray, Lady Antebellum, Sugarland, Sheryl Crow, REO Speedwagon Al Green and others.
A typical season included the Annual Fireworks show with Shane Dwight, Whiskey Dawn and Chains Required, Reba McEntire, Kelly Clarkson & The Fray, John Fogerty, Heart & Foreigner, Jackie Evancho & Tony Bennett, and Jeff Foxworthy (all in 2012).
In September, Ironstone hosts the Coucours d' Elegance car show as a fund-raiser for California youth agriculture programs.


Waldemar Pawlak

gen. bryg.Waldemar Pawlak (born 5 September 1959) is a Polish politician. He twice served as Prime Minister of Poland, briefly in 1992 and again from 1993 to 1995. From November 2007 to November 2012 he served as Deputy Prime Minister and the Minister of Economy. Pawlak is the only person who held the office of Prime Minister twice during the Third Republic (i.e. since 1989), and he remains Poland's youngest Prime Minister to date.
He is also a long-time commander of the Polish Volunteer fire department, holding the rank of Brigadier General. Since 2015 Pawlak is workstream leader for the AMU (Agency for the Modernisation of Ukraine), where he contributes his expertise in economy.
Early life, education and early political career.
Pawlak was born in the village of Model, Masovian Voivodeship on 5 September 1959. He is a graduate of the Warsaw University of Technology. While he was a student and during martial law in 1981 he actively participated in strikes.
After graduation (1984) he became a computer teacher in Kamionka (near Pacyna). His political career began in 1985, when he joined the United People's Party. After 1990, like many UPP members, he joined the UPP's successor, the Polish People's Party. He was elected from UPP office to the Contract Sejm (1989) and has remained a member of Sejm since then. He became leader ("Prezes") of the UPP in 1991.
Premiership of Waldemar Pawlak.
First Premiership.
On 5 June 1992, 00:00 AM, after a vote of no confidence was approved, with 273 in favour and 119 against, Jan Olszewski was forced to resign as Prime Minister and his cabinet was immediately replaced in an event known as "the nightshift" ("Nocna zmiana"). After Olszewski's dismissal, President Lech Wałęsa designated the little-known and inexperienced Pawlak as caretaker Prime Minister with the mission, to form a new coalition government with agrarians, Christian democrats and liberals. Pawlak's potential partners, the Democratic Union and the Confederation of Independent Poland were not ready to agree on a compromise programme. The fact was that Pawlak and nobody else was called upon to form a new government that was nevertheless a remarkable phenomenon. According to Aleksander Kwaśniewski, it was a 'historical step' towards a 'normalization' of Polish political and party life.
After 33 days as a caretaker, Pawlak failed to gain support from the Sejm majority and failed in a vote of confidence. Pawlak was forced to resign as Prime Minister and the President replaced him with Hanna Suchocka, who won support from the majority and successfully formed a coalition with the Democratic Union, Christian National Union, Liberal Democratic Congress, Peasants' Agreement, People's Christian Party, Party of Christian Democrats and Polish Beer-Lovers' Party. Pawlak's failure paved the way for another political coalition.
Since Pawlak's first cabinet did not receive support from the Sejm, at this time, Pawlak had no official ministers, only temporary chiefs of executive branches. His first cabinet was the briefest government during this period that lasted only 33 days, this was a notable period commonly known as "Pawlak's 33 days" ("33 dni Pawlaka"). Although Pawlak failed to form a government, he gained considerable respect from his 33 days in office. Pawlak was a counterweight to politicians who focused on the issue of lustration, and the backstage of these events was later described by Kult in the song "Mr. Waldek, Don't Be Afraid, or the Lefty June" ("Panie Waldku, Pan się nie boi, czyli Lewy czerwcowy"), which referred to the fall of Jan Olszewski's cabinet.
Second Premiership.
The Polish People's Party and the social democratic, post-communist Democratic Left Alliance (SLD) won the 1993 election in a landslide, holding a super-majority and the support of the socialist-agrarian government, with Pawlak as Prime Minister again.
Józef Oleksy of the SLD became Sejm Marshal, while SLD leader Aleksander Kwaśniewski remained a Sejm Member without portfolio.
Prime Minister Pawlak and Kwaśniewski soon found themselves at bitter political odds. Kwaśniewski reportedly had an ambition to become "Prime Minister de facto", while Pawlak wanted to retain the power of his office. Both leaders used their parties to fight for power.
Pawlak was initially in an informal alliance with President Wałęsa against the SLD. However, their good political relations soon dissipated.
In 1995, Pawlak offered three options to Kwaśniewski. First, he would remain Prime Minister but with Kwaśniewski as Deputy and Minister of Foreign Affairs. Second, the Democratic Left Alliance would form a government with Kwaśniewski as Prime Minister. Third, Oleksy would become Prime Minister under the present coalition. Pawlak reportedly thought that Kwaśniewski would not risk a minority Democratic Left Alliance government without the support of the majority of the elevation of his main partisan opponent, Oleksy, to Prime Minister and therefore rather be the deputy of Pawlak. However, Kwaśniewski surprised many by choosing the third option.
Pawlak was known for his reticence and aversion to journalists. The opposition and the media accused him of a lack of dynamism and a terrible information policy. Pawlak gave up the prime ministerial Volvo 780 limousine in favour of a FSO Polonez Caro, equipped with a Rover V8 engine to show solidarity with the automotive industry in Poland. This gesture was well-received by Poles at a time when the country was suffering poverty.
In the political wilderness.
Despite good public approval ratings Pawlak failed in his bid for the Presidency in 1995, finishing a distant fifth (after Kwaśniewski, Wałęsa, Jacek Kuroń and Jan Olszewski) and winning only 770,417 votes (4.31%).
After losing the political battle with Kwaśniewski and, after that, the presidential election, there was a movement to replace Pawlak with Jarosław Kalinowski as party leader in 1997.
PSL suffered a great political disaster during the 1997 parliamentary elections and became the smallest party in the Sejm (from 132 seats in 1993 to just 27).
After the SLD won decisively in the 2001 parliamentary election Kalinowski became deputy of the new Prime Minister Leszek Miller when the PSL joined the coalition. Pawlak did not play a major role during this period.
Comeback.
Pawlak's comeback began in 2005 when he became PSL leader again.
In the liberal Civic Platform (PO)-PSL government, formed after the 2007 parliamentary election, Pawlak became Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economy under Prime Minister Donald Tusk.
Although PSL remained the smallest party represented in the Sejm, Pawlak is often cited as having achieved a major political victory. During his time in the party chair his party enjoyed better electoral results, the elimination of major competition among agrarian voters from the also agrarian dominated party (Samoobrona), and the resumption of major influence in rural areas. Additionally, PSL was put in charge of three cabinet posts in the Tusk government. (Without the PSL votes, the PO would not have a Sejm majority, even though it easily accounts for the biggest political group in the sitting parliament.)
On 21 April 2010, PSL announced that Pawlak would be the party's official candidate for the 2010 presidential election. He received only 1.75% of the vote and didn't get into the second round.
Personal life.
Pawlak is married and has children.
Second Waldemar Pawlak cabinet.
Members of Pawlak's cabinet:


Glycine soja

Glycine soja, or wild soybean (previously G. ussuriensis) is an annual plant in the legume family. It is the closest living relative of soybean, an important crop.
The plant is native to eastern China, Japan, Korea and far-eastern Russia.


David Zirnhelt

David Zirnhelt (born 1947) is a Canadian politician. He was born in Williams Lake, British Columbia, located in the Cariboo region of the province's central interior. He obtained an undergraduate and graduate degree from the University of British Columbia in political science and public administration, returning to the Williams Lake area, where he became a cattle rancher and a practitioner of horse logging. He was also active as a consultant in various federal, provincial, and First Nations projects related to public policy and economic development.
Zirnhelt began his political career when he served as a director of the Cariboo Regional District from 1974 to 1977. In 1987, he was elected as a trustee of the Cariboo-Chilcotin School District. Zirnhelt made the leap to provincial politics in 1989, winning the seat of Cariboo in a by-election for the social democratic British Columbia New Democratic Party. The riding had, until then, been a stronghold of the conservative British Columbia Social Credit Party for almost forty years. Zirnhelt would go on to be re-elected in 1991 and 1996 in the riding of Cariboo South (the old Cariboo riding was abolished with the 1991 election).
With the election of a New Democratic government in 1991, Premier Mike Harcourt appointed Zirnhelt Minister of Economic Development, Small Business and Trade. He later served as Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food. Following Harcourt's resignation, Premier Glen Clark appointed Zirnhelt Minister of Forests — a powerful portfolio in a province where forestry is a major economic sector. In that position, Zirnhelt initiated an intensive review of the province's forest practices, as concerns mounted over the logging of old growth forests and the insufficient restocking of logged areas by timber companies.
Zirnhelt failed in his attempt at re-election in 2001.


Single desk

A single desk is a monopoly marketer and buyer of a product with multiple suppliers. They were common in markets for agricultural produce.
Single-desk marketing in Australia.
Wheat.
In Australia, the single desk was the monopoly marketing of wheat by the Australian Wheat Board (1939–1999) and its privatised successor, AWB
(International) Limited (1999–2008). In this situation, returns from growers were pooled together nationally and the prices averaged by the Board, which covered both domestic and international sales until 1989, when it focused exclusively on exports. In its last year, this was limited further to just bulk exports.
Momentum for change to the export marketing arrangements built up over time, following:
In 1999 Wheat Export Authority was created following passing of amendments to the "Wheat Marketing Act 1989".
In October 2007 Wheat Exports Australia was replaced with the Export Wheat Commission.
In July 2008 the Export Wheat Commission was replaced by Wheat Exports Australia.
Other products.
Until 2016, Western Australia had a monopoly purchaser of ware potatoes, the Potato Marketing Corporation of Western Australia. Other single desks existed in Australia, such as Queensland Sugar Limited, the Australian Barley Board, and dairy single desks in each state, among others.
Single-desk marketing in Canada.
The Canadian Wheat Board was Canada's monopoly marketer of wheat and barley grown in the prairie provinces. Its monopoly was removed in 2011, effective August 2012.


Bungaree, South Australia

Bungaree (or Bungaree Station) is a locality in the Mid North of South Australia, situated north of Clare, along the Main North Road.
History.
Bungaree Station was established by English settler James Collins Hawker, along with his two brothers George Charles Hawker and Charles Hawker, in 1841. The former had discovered a good supply of water there on 22 December 1841, so they sank a well and transferred all their livestock from their failed settlement at Nuriootpa, subsequently running sheep on 80,000 acres (32,000 ha) of purchased land. Over time, a large settlement evolved that included the main homestead and a number of outbuildings, including a church.
The historic Bungaree Homestead Complex, including the homestead and its manager's house, council chamber, stables, office and store, men's kitchen, shearing shed, shearers' quarters, swagman's hut, stallion box and gate house, is listed on the South Australian Heritage Register.
The settlement today.
Bungaree is still an active sheep station and remains in the ownership of the Hawker family. It has also become a centre for tourism, with accommodation and a conference centre.
Governance.
Bungaree is governed at the local level by the District Council of Clare and Gilbert Valleys, located within the state electoral district of Frome and the federal electoral division of Grey.


Glenwood Springs Hatchery

The Glenwood Springs Hatchery is a Colorado Parks and Wildlife cold water fish production facility located on Mitchell Creek near the Colorado River in Garfield County, which is 2 miles north of West Glenwood Springs.
History.
Glenwood Springs Hatchery was inaugurated in 1906. This hatchery was one operated by the state before 1914. The building was originally large and barn-like framed. An electronic egg-picking machine used to separate live and dead eggs were developed by Neil Van Gaalen, superintendent of Glenwood Springs hatchery, in the 1960s. This technology is utilized at all state-operated hatcheries.
Fish Species.
Hatchery staff works to support the raising of rainbow trout, kokanee salmon, and arctic grayling. Annually they stock around 3 million sub-catchable fish for the waters of northwest Colorado. The facility also has broodstocks of rainbow and cutthroat trout. Eggs that are produced are shipped to other state-operated fish hatcheries to be hatched, raised, and stocked at various sizes.


Crops for the Future (CFF)

Crops For the Future, known by its acronym CFF, is an independent international organisation with a mandate to promote and facilitate the greater use of neglected and underutilised crops for enhanced diversification of agricultural systems and human diets, particularly for the benefit of poor people in developing countries. Crops for the Future is the only such organisation exclusively dedicated to an agenda increasingly recognised as important to achieving food security in a sustainable manner and making use of local agricultural biodiversity. Crops for the Future is based in Semenyih, Malaysia, and is governed by a Board of Directors, including a representative of the Government of Malaysia.
Mission.
Working in partnership with CGIAR, GFAR, FAO and other international organizations and with a range of national and non-governmental institutions, Crops For the Future seeks to:
Research and development.
Crops for the Future convenes international science events focusing on underutilised species, notably a series of international symposia, such as the International Symposium on Underutilized Plants for Food Security, Nutrition, Income and Sustainable Development, in Arusha, 2008 and the Second International Symposium on Underutilised Plant Species, in Kuala Lumpur, 2011.
In collaboration with local partners, Crops for the Future also undertakes research and development projects in poor communities of developing countries designed to improve rural livelihoods through greater use of agricultural biodiversity.
Coalition to Diversify Income (CoDI) is one of the programmes led by Crops for the Future (through its predecessor – ICUC) and has been carried out in eight locations in India and Vietnam. CoDI is designed to assist small farmers to develop and implement better practice in crop production and post-harvest management, as well as to overcome the limitation of market access in order to generate more income. The case of Hòa Vang sticky rice in Hải Dương represents a good example of the success of this project. In India, CoDI promoted enhanced utilisation of minor millets, such as Eleusine coracana and native fruits in the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat.
The project "Recipes for Success" was implemented in local communities in Benin, Kenya and Tanzania, to enhance consumption and production of indigenous fruits and vegetables by local communities for more nutritious and sustainable diets.
History.
Crops For the Future was established in 2009 through the merger of the International Centre for Underutilised Crops (ICUC) in Sri Lanka and the Global Facilitation Unit for Underutilised Species (GFU) in Rome.
International Centre for Underutilised Crops.
The International Centre for Underutilised Crops was an independent nonprofit scientific research institute that investigated, coordinated and supported research programmes towards increasing the productivity and use of what are termed underutilised crops—crops that have a potential to be cultivated and made useful on a significantly larger scale than they have been. The ICUC researched and promoted tropical, sub-tropical and temperate plants and plant-products, and operated in over 30 countries in a variety of partnership arrangements with international and local research groups, NGOs and private enterprises.
The centre was launched in 1989 at the University of Southampton in southern England, a concept arising out of the International Conference on New Crops for Food and Industry held in Southampton two years previously. The founding director was Dr. Nazmul Haq, an academic at Southampton's Civil Engineering and the Environment research school.
During the 1990s the ICUC expanded and established networks in Asia, Southern and Eastern Africa, and secured research and development funding for several defined projects from sources such as the UK's Department for International Development. In 2001 the ICUC became a partner institution of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), and continued to establish regional centres and cooperative partnerships with other research bodies and organisations.
In 2005 the ICUC moved its headquarters from Southampton to near Colombo in Sri Lanka, in a co-hosting arrangement with the International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Among other reasons, the move sought to better align the ICUC's research activities and consultative expertise with similarly themed programmes operating in the "Global South". The move saw a change in directorship, with plant physiologist Dr. Hannah Jaenicke assuming the role.
In 2009, ICUC and the Global Facilitation Unit for Underutilised Species (GFU) merged to become "Crops for the Future" (CFF), a new organisation that combines the former mandates of its predecessor organisations, and engages in partnerships building on the networks established by ICUC and GFU.


Milk marketing orders


Alfred T. B. Hunter

Alfred T. B. Hunter (1850-1918) was an African-American politician and farmer from South Carolina. He was enslaved at birth in Laurens County. In 1874, he was elected to the South Carolina House of Representatives as one of four representatives from Laurens. He served on the Medical Committee and the on Committee for Roads, Bridges, and Ferries. In 1896, Hunter purchased a 65 acre farm, which his grandchildren still owned as of 1968.


Satar Bayee

Satar Bayee is a brand of almonds, grown mainly in Afghanistan. The river valleys of the Khulm River in northern Afghanistan, particular Balkh Province and Samangan Province grow Satar Bayee almonds in abundance and is said to grow the finest Satar Bayee almonds in the world. Satar Bayee is governed by the Mazar Dried Fruit Association.


Agfest

Agfest is a renowned annual agricultural field day held in the Australian state of Tasmania. It was first held in 1983 and is run by the Rural Youth Organisation of Tasmania with profits assisting Tasmania Rural Counselling. It has grown to the state's largest single event and attracts up to 70,000 visitors during three days in May each year at the site in rural Carrick.
The event was first held at Symmons Plains, near Perth, Tasmania in 1982. It was soon recognised by the organising committee that a larger site was required. In 1986, they purchased land on Oaks Road, Carrick from the Peterson family. The land had originally been part of "Oaks Estate" belonging to Thomas Haydock Reibey, father to Premier of Tasmania Thomas Reibey. The 229-acre (96-hectare) site was named "Quercus Rural Youth Park"; Quercus is the genus name for oak. The first Agfest field days on the new site ran from 7–9 May 1987. Up to A$25 million is contributed to the Tasmanian economy by Agfest.
In 2020 Agfest was scheduled to start on 7 May. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia the usual 3 day physical event was cancelled in March 2020. It was replaced by the 3 week 'Agfest 2020 in the Cloud' online event that ran from 7–28 May, receiving 1,010,000 page views and 45,600 unique visitors. The online platform was financed by a A$65,000 grant from the Tasmanian Government.
Agfest 2021 is planned to include both physical events over 4 days (5–8 May), and an online component (8–15 May). COVID safety rules, an altered site layout and other steps are planned to help keep patrons safe. Tickets will only be pre-old online to allow contact tracing. As of 30 March 2021 the event was still going ahead.


Mount Clere Station

Mount Clere Station is a pastoral lease that once operated as a sheep station but currently operates as a cattle station in Western Australia.
The property is situated approximately north west of Meekatharra and south of Paraburdoo in the Gascoyne region.
The first European to visit the area was Charles Brockman during his exploration of the Gascoyne in 1876. Brockman named Mount Clere as well as the Minilya and Lyndon Rivers.
The early settlers in the area, including the Davis brothers, who owned Mount Clere, experienced many problems with the local Aborigines, and had reported numerous cases of sheep stealing and cattle spearing in 1886. The store and homestead at Mount Clere were broken into and robbed in 1892.
Robert Edwin Bush, the owner of neighbouring Clifton Downs Station, acquired Mount Clere from John Sydney Davis in the early 1890s. Both properties encompassed and in 1891 the combined holding was running 75,000 sheep.
The station manager in 1897, Mr. H. S. Steele, disappeared while swimming in Fremantle his body was never recovered but his waistcoat and watch were found.
Two bodies were found under a gum tree on a distant part of the run in 1914. The remains were only bones but each had a bullet hole in the skull. The police believed the two men committed suicide, possibly while dying of thirst. No one at Mount Clere knew the men but remembered seeing horse tracks leading in the direction toward the Mount Egerton mining fields.
Good rains fell over the run in 1939 with falling in two days causing the river to flood. In February 1942 Mount Clere recorded of rain in less than a month. The rains triggered floods along the Gascoyne River, isolating many of the properties along the river.
The area experienced a prolonged drought from 2000 to 2010, when stations such as Mount Clere had only one year of almost average rainfall. By 2010 the station had been largely destocked and was hand-feeding the remaining cattle on the property. The station owner, Greg Watters, said the land was so dry even the trees were dying, a situation he had not seen before.


Nookawarra Station

Nookawarra Station is a pastoral lease and sheep station located in the Mid West region of Western Australia. The station occupies an area of approximately .
Situated approximately to the north-east of Geraldton, it includes a good length of the Murchison River within its boundary. The property adjoins Boolardy, Milly Milly and Mileura Stations.
Early history.
The station was taken up as early as 1875 by Edward Wittenoom and his brother Frank Wittenoom; Edward moved on after about five years but Frank stayed on and sold the property in 1926.
The Murchison amateur racing club was established at Nookawarra by Frank Wittenoom in 1881. Races were held at the property for the next 16 years with Wittenoom winning many races.
In 1886, the property held 10,000 sheep under the management of Mr. J. Judge, as well as 250 cattle and 170 horses. It was observed at this time that the land was in good condition and was open grass plain lightly wooded with gum trees, acacia and mulga. The property was watered with clay holes and shallow wells.
The Governor of Western Australia, Frederick Broome, visited the station as part of his tour of the Mid West in 1887.
The Murchison pastoral show was held at the station showgrounds in 1894.
Charles Pretlove, who died in 1898, managed the station during the mid-1890s.
John Hearn managed the station in the late 1890s for Wittenoom; he later went to purchase Gabyon Station.
Edward Telfer also managed the station in the early 1900s.
John Judge managed the station through the 1900s; he died in 1909 in Geraldton hospital after a protracted illness.
An Aboriginal man named Peter was killed by two other Aborigines at the station in 1912. The two men accused were thought to have killed him as part of a revenge attack. The two accused were later released for lack of a witness.
1929 was a good year, with 13,000 sheep and lambs being clipped for satisfactory results. The flock contained 3,800 lambs and the blowfly was said to be very active and needing extra attention. The station also made a "satisfactory" cattle sale.
Notable events.
Jack Smith, an employee at Nookawarra, was accidentally shot in the chest with a .310 rifle. The mishap occurred in 1949 when Smith and another man were shooting from the car they were in and a rifle accidentally discharged. The bullet entered Smith's chest, pierced his lung and exited through his back. Smith was taken to Geraldton hospital to recover.
Les Schubert purchased the station from Nookawarra Pastoral Company for $75,000 in 1972 when it was carrying 22,000 sheep. Wool prices were disastrously low at the time.
On 9 October 1985, Mervyn Tomkins ran out of fuel and crashed his airplane, a Cessna 150G VH-KPP, on the property while out mustering sheep with a number of jackaroos on the ground on motorcycles. He survived with no substantial injuries. The aircraft was replaced by Cessna 150L VH-EKL in 1992.
Mervyn Tomkins (b. 1944), station manager in 1997, was cleared of dumping a pair of jackaroos, Bradley John Carr, 21, and Benjamin Goeree, 19 in the desert in 1997.
Nookawarra has been leased and incorporated into the enterprise managed by the Richards family, including Boolardy station.


Lucien Dubois

Lucien Dubois (30 April 1893 – 8 November 1948) was a Liberal party and Independent Liberal member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Gentilly, Quebec and became a farmer by career.
Dubois was educated at Arthabaska College. He was also author of a history of Gentilly.
He was first elected to Parliament at the Nicolet riding in the 1930 general election. He was re-elected in 1935 when his riding was changed to Nicolet—Yamaska. He was re-elected there in 1940 and 1945. Dubois died unexpectedly on 8 November 1948 before the end of his term in the 20th Canadian Parliament, although he was reported to have had health problems for the last eight years of his life. Dubois was never married.


William Baxter (Scottish politician)

William Baxter (4 December 1911 – 20 April 1979) was a British Labour Party politician, building contractor and farmer.
He was a conscientious objector in the Second World War.
Having served as a councillor, he was Member of Parliament (MP) for West Stirlingshire from 1959 until he stood down at the October 1974 general election.
He was asked to stand down by his Constituency Labour Party after the indecisive election of February 1974, when he appeared on television calling for an all-party government of national unity, and suggested that the Duke of Edinburgh could chair its meetings.
In 1961, as a protest against bipartisan support for British nuclear weapons, he voted against the Royal Air Force, Royal Navy, and British Army Estimates in the House of Commons, and was suspended from the Labour Party Whip from March 1961 until May 1963.
Baxter received an Honorary Doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 1976


Alfred Hancock Witherow

Alfred Hancock Witherow (25 February 1872 – 10 September 1948) was a New Zealand-born Fijian politician who served as a member of the Legislative Council between 1908 and 1911.
Biography.
Witherow was born in Hawke's Bay in New Zealand. He emigrated to Fiji in 1894 and initially grew sugar cane in Rewa. He later switched to growing bananas and became a major exporter to Australia and New Zealand, before concentrating on dairy farming. He married Lily Bailey in 1904, with whom he had two sons and four daughters.
In the 1908 general elections he contested the Planters seat and was elected to the Legislative Council. He did not run in the next elections in 1911.
Witherow died at his home in Waila in Rewa in September 1948 at the age of 76.


Indian Institute of Pulses Research

Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR, ) is a government institute in kanpur, uttar pradesh It was established in the year 1983 by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) to carry out basic strategic and applied research on major pulse crops. It is situated on Grand Trunk Road and is about twelve kilometer from Kanpur Central Railway Station towards New Delhi. The overall climate varies from semi-arid to sub-humid and mean annual rainfall ranges from 800 to 1000mm.
History.
The institute has started its journey as All India Coordinated Pulses Improvement Project (AICPIP) at Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi in 1966. Later in 1978, its headquarters was shifted to the then Regional Station of IARI at Kanpur under the name of Project Directorate (Pulses). It was further elevated as Directorate of Pulses Research (DPR) in 1984 and became an independent entity under the direct control of ICAR.
Research.
The Institute develops appropriate production and protection technologies, production and supply of breeder seeds of improved varieties, demonstration and transfer of technologies and strategic coordination of pulse research through wide network of testing centers across the country.


Rex Paterson

Rex Munro Paterson OBE (1902 in London – 1978 in Hampshire) was an English agricultural pioneer whose extensive business and meticulous record keeping enabled him to carry out research and development in dairy farming systems on a scale that would have been beyond most research institutions.
Biography.
The son of a clergyman, he was educated at Christ's Hospital and spent only a short time at Wye College. He spent some time learning technical drawing in the office of his uncle Alliott Verdon Roe, the aviation pioneer, before leaving to farm in Canada. The economic climate was not favourable and he returned to England, grateful that he could afford the fare.
He rented a farm in Kent, where he depended considerably on rabbiting to make a living. A move to the free-draining chalk downland of Hampshire enabled him to start milking cows using the system developed by Wiltshire dairy farmer Arthur Hosier. The cows were kept out all year and milked in "bails", or mobile milking parlours, which offered a very cheap way of starting up a dairy herd. Paterson started milking with a bail in 1928 (milking the cows himself) and built up a farming empire which came to include up to 10,000 acres (40 km²) (in 1943), and 4,000 dairy cows (in the early 1970s).
He became a well-known (if controversial) figure in British agriculture. His entrepreneurial drive and evident success, particularly in the 1930s and 1940s, contrasted strongly with the generally depressed state of British farming, and made him a source of inspiration to younger innovative farmers in the 1950s and 1960s. He showed that large scale farming, using modern technology, was both possible and profitable under British conditions.
He was appointed OBE in 1964 for services to agriculture and in 1965 was awarded the Massey-Ferguson National Award for Services to United Kingdom Agriculture.
Labour management.
Paterson took a different approach to the labour problems which had troubled other farmers. He did not set up large herds, typically his herds had 40–60 cows (this increased to around 80 in the 1960s). This meant that the herd could be looked after by a single stockman, who was given considerable responsibility.
In 1965 Paterson set out his principles for labour management:
Paterson was an innovator in the development of management systems and the organisation of
labour as well as in the use of technology. He offered his workers greater responsibility and motivated them by bonus payments, at a time when other farmers were trying to solve problems through stricter management control.
Inventions.
Management tools.
Paterson invented a simple milk graph, in which a calculation of potential milk production, using a system he had developed from his study of herd results over the years, was
compared to actual production for each herd.
He also developed a system of measuring grass output which he called the Cow Day System.
Taskers-Paterson Buckrake.
He was a pioneer in the making of silage in Britain and to enable this he designed the Buckrake and the Muckrake, which exploited the hydraulic three-point linkage invented by Harry Ferguson. This was manufactured by the firm of Taskers of Andover.
Taskers-Paterson Fertispread.
A trailed spreader which used the constant speed of a hydraulic motor to spread, at a constant width, fertiliser metered by a chain driven from a land wheel.
Business philosophy.
He once said he "was never afraid to question the reasons for commonly accepted practices. We would find ways of measuring everything which occurred. As our business developed, we found that many things in farming followed unexpected, but clearly defined patterns. This particularly related to the influence of men and feeds on milk yields."


Agricultural Universities (India)

Agricultural Universities (AUs) are mostly public universities in India that are engaged in teaching, research and extension in agriculture and related disciplines. In India, agricultural education has evolved into a large and distinct domain, often separately from other areas of higher education. Many of these universities are member of a registered society, the Indian Agricultural Universities Association. Indian Council of Agricultural Research is the main regulatory authority of agricultural education in India, while the disciplines of veterinary medicine and forestry are regulated by the Veterinary Council of India and Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education respectively. Based on the statutes establishing these universities, agricultural universities in India can be grouped into various types.
State Agricultural Universities.
State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) are the predominant class of agricultural universities in India. A SAU is usually a university established by an act of state legislature with a dedicated mandate of teaching, research and extension in agriculture and related disciplines.
History of SAUs.
After Independence, one of the greatest challenge before India was agriculture and rural development. This necessitated the availability of trained human resources in these areas. The first Education Commission of India (1949), headed by Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, recommended setting up rural universities in India on the American land-grant model. In the 1950s, Indian Parliament was already setting up specialized engineering universities - Indian Institutes of Technology - as Institutes of National Importance. However, the Parliament had limited mandate in establishing such specialized institutions for agricultural education, despite the urgent need, as the Constitution of India had conferred the power to make laws in subjects of agriculture (including agricultural research and education) exclusively in the domain of the states.
The state of Uttar Pradesh (UP) took the first step for establishing an agricultural university in 1954, when it invited an Indo American team headed by Dr K R Damle, the Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), to consider an area around Tarai State farm in Nainital district as a possible site for a rural university. Encouraged by the favourable view of the Damle team, senior UP government officials H S Sandhu and A N Jha visited the United States to look for collaborations with US universities. In consultation with University of Illinois dean Dr H W Hannah, the state of UP presented a proposal to the central government in 1956 for establishing a land-grant style university. Thereafter, a contract was signed between the Government of India, the Technical Cooperation Mission and a few US land-grant universities, to promote agricultural education in India. The US universities included the University of Tennessee, Ohio State University, Kansas State University, the University of Illinois, Pennsylvania State University and the University of Missouri.
The UP Act XI-V of 1958 - the founding legislative act for establishing an agricultural university - was promulgated by state legislature of UP. The task of mentoring the proposed university in UP was assigned to the University of Illinois, which signed a contract in 1959. Thus, the first state agricultural university of India, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, was established in Pantnagar (then in Uttar Pradesh, now in Uttarakhand). It was inaugurated by the first Prime Minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru on 17 November 1960. The model of establishing Pantnagar University paved the way for establishing state government supported dedicated universities for agricultural education, i.e. SAUs, in India. There are 54 SAUs in India.
Features of SAUs.
SAUs are characterized by their triple mandate of teaching, research and agricultural extension. Since the initial SAUs were established with technical cooperation from United States land-grant universities, their academic programmes are strongly influenced by the American system and present a departure from the academic system prevailing in other general universities in India. The undergraduate degree programs of SAUs are of minimum four years' duration. Since their inception, SAUs have followed a trimester or a semester system with credit-based, continuous evaluation on a 5-point or 10-point GPA scale. This is different from general universities, which usually follow a yearly term and percentage based end-session evaluation. As envisioned in ICAR's Model Act for Agricultural Universities, most SAUs are non-affiliating universities/ However, SAUs in states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Chhattisgarh etc. have affiliated private agricultural colleges. SAUs also have territorial jurisdiction.
Deemed universities.
Deemed universities are not established by an act of independent legislation, but declared to function as universities by Government of India under Section 3 of the University Grants Commission Act 1956. As per this section, "The Central Government may, on the advice of the Commission, declare by notification in the Official Gazette, that any institution for higher education, other than a University, shall be deemed to be a University for the purposes of this Act, and on such a declaration being made, all the provisions of this Act shall apply to such institution as if it were a University within the meaning of clause (f) of section 2". Thus, the provision of deemed universities enables the central government to incorporate an agricultural university without the need of Parliamentary legislation, thus circumventing the complexities of federal division for legislative powers, which has put agriculture in the state list.
There are seven AUs under the deemed university category, and a further proposal to establish six more deemed universities for agriculture in the 12th Five-year plan. Most of these deemed universities are sponsored by Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and have small academic programmes as compared to SAUs. A few of these universities, like Allahabad Agricultural Institute and Indian Agricultural Research Institute, have contributed significantly to research in agricultural science.
Central agricultural universities.
Notwithstanding the limited power of the Indian Parliament for legislating on subjects of state list such as agriculture (including agricultural research and education), there are certain provisions in the Constitution of India which allows it to legislate on these matters in certain conditions, such as when the Rajya Sabha passes a resolution to this effect by two-thirds majority (Article 249) or when legislatures of two or more states pass a resolution to do so (Article 252) or to implement decisions taken in international conferences (Article 253).
The Central Agricultural University at imphal, Manipur was incorporated by an act of Parliament (No.4 of 1992) and caters to many states in Northeast India. So far, it is the only Central Agricultural University (CAU). There are proposals and demands to establish more CAUs.
The Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University Bill was introduced in the Rajya Sabha on 22 May 2012; it aims to incorporate a CAU at Jhansi catering to the Bundelkhand region spanning the two states of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
The Parliament passed the Finance Bill 2012-2013 for budgetary allocation for establishing a CAU in Bihar.
On 11 May 2016 Parliament of India passed the Central University Bill. So RAU, Pusa has been upgraded to Central University and named as Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agriculture University.
Chief Minister of Orissa has demanded setting up a CAU in Kalahandi Balangir Koraput Region. The West Bengal government placed a proposal before the centre to set up a CAU at Goaltore in West Midnapore district on a land parcel.
Some of the older SAUs, like Pantnagar University and Punjab Agricultural University, are demanding to be converted into central universities.


Uruguayan wine

Uruguay is the fourth-largest producer of wine in South America, with a production of 67,000 tonnes and of vineyards in 2012. It is most known for red wines produced from Tannat grapes, but white wines made from Albariño are beginning to receive attention internationally.
History.
The modern wine industry in Uruguay dates back to 1870, and the wine industry was started by immigrants of mainly Basque and Italian origin. In 1870, Tannat was introduced to the country by Don Pascual Harriague, a Basque.
Albariño was introduced to Uruguay in 1954 by immigrants from A Coruña, in the Galician region of Spain.
When the Mercosur free trade association started to take shape in the late 1980s, Uruguay took steps to increase the quality of its wines and stepped up its marketing efforts, due to fear of being out-competed by Brazilian wines and Argentine wines, which had lower production costs.
Classification system.
There are two levels of classification for Uruguay wines:
Wine regions.
Uruguay's wine regions correspond to its administrative regions. While the country's other forms of agriculture are grouped into cardinal-intercardinal-oriented zones, which are then further divided by departments, there has never been an official grouping of wine regions into the larger zones – based on publications released by the .
The majority of vineyards and wineries are located in the hills north of the capital Montevideo, particularly in the departments: Canelones, Montevideo, Colonia, and San José. With the disappearance of vineyards in Flores, Rio Negro, and Treinta y Tres, roughly from 1989-2007, there are currently vineyards in 15 out of 19 departments.
Grape varieties.
Among the "vinifera" grapes, Tannat is the most common (36%). Other common varieties are Merlot (10%), Chardonnay (7%), Cabernet Sauvignon (6%), Sauvignon blanc (6%), and Cabernet Franc (4%). Muscat Hamburg is still a common variety for VC-classified rosé wines.
Much of Uruguay's vineyards have previously been planted with American and hybrid grape varieties.


Lydney Park

Lydney Park is a 17th-century country estate surrounding Lydney House, located at Lydney in the Forest of Dean district in Gloucestershire, England. It is known for its gardens and Roman temple complex.
House and gardens.
Lydney Park was bought in 1719 by Benjamin Bathurst, son of the Cofferer of the Household to Queen Anne, and has remained in the family since then. The original house was close to the main road, with a large deer park behind it which was previously part of the estate of White Cross Manor.
In 1875, Rev. William Hiley Bathurst built a new house in the centre of the deer park, with views over the River Severn. The new house was built by C. H. Howell, with a formal garden and shrubberies. The old house was demolished, apart from the buildings now occupied by the Taurus Crafts centre. Rev. Bathurst's grandson Charles, later Viscount Bledisloe, made some further changes to the garden before the house became used in the Second World War, first to house the Dutch royal family and then a girls' school.
The current garden was developed after 1950 by the second Viscount Bledisloe and his family. There is a woodland garden running along a secluded valley, planted with magnolias, rhododendrons, azaleas and other flowering shrubs. There is a paved terrace above and formal gardens which are popular in the Spring, when the daffodils bloom.
The gardens are private land, and are open to the public on certain days depending on time of year. The house also has a museum containing findings from the Roman site and artefacts from New Zealand collected by the first Viscount Bledisloe.
Archaeological remains.
The area has an early British Iron Age promontory fort–type hill fort, known as Lydney Camp, covering 4.5 acres. The Romans dug there for iron ore, probably in the 3rd century AD, but apparently abandoned the workings as unproductive. Open-cast iron mines, or "scowles", and tunnels still exist throughout the hill.
In the late 4th century, the Romans built a Romano-Celtic temple to Nodens, a Celtic divinity who is reflected by the later figures of Nuada and Nudd/Lludd in Irish and Welsh mythology respectively. Lludd's name survives in the placename of Lydney. Several model dog images have been found there, indicating it was a healing shrine; dogs were associated with such shrines and may have been kept to lick wounds. The structure was a somewhat unusual design, rectangular rather than the usual square Romano-Celtic style temple. The end of the sanctuary or cella was not completely open, as usual; it had three rooms separated by stone walls. The walls of the cella were arched colonnades until a fault in the rock below caused the almost total collapse of the temple. It was rebuilt with solid walls. There was a fish-covered mosaic with an inscription that referred to 'Victorinus the Interpreter', probably an interpreter of dreams. The temple was accompanied by a large courtyard guest house, a long building used as dormitory accommodation and an elaborate bath suite or "thermae".
Tessa Wheeler excavated, and her husband Mortimer Wheeler interpreted, the site between 1928–9 and more excavations took place in 1980–1. The finds included a hoard of imitation Roman coins which were thought to date from the 5th century, but are now believed to be 4th century artefacts. The excavation report includes an appendix, "The Name 'Nodens'", written by Oxford philologist J. R. R. Tolkien.


Caso peruto

Caso peruto, sometimes written as Casoperuto, is a round Italian goat milk cheese. It produced from January to July in the town of Sessa Aurunca (Caserta) and is dated to the time of Pliny (1st century AD). It is rubbed with oil and vinegar before being stored in clay containers or glass jars and aged in a cellar for months, during which it is periodically washed with vinegar. It is greyish robust taste. It is listed on the Ark of Taste.


Eden Valley wine region

Eden Valley wine region is a wine region located in South Australia immediately north of the capital city of Adelaide which covers an area in the Mount Lofty Ranges extending from Truro in the north to just south of Springton in the south. The region received appellation as an Australian Geographical Indication in 1997 and as of 2014, it is represented by at least 36 wineries.
Extent and appellation.
Eden Valley wine region covers an area in the Mount Lofty Ranges extending from Truro in the north to just south of Springton in the south. The region is bordered by the Barossa Valley wine region to the west and by the Adelaide Hills wine region to the south.
The Eden Valley wine region was registered as an Australian Geographical Indication on 15 August 1997.
The Eden Valley wine region includes a sub-region called High Eden.
Grapes and wine.
As of 2014, the most common plantings in the Eden Valley wine region within a total planted area of was reported as being Shiraz () followed by Riesling (), Cabernet Sauvignon () and Chardonnay (). Alternatively, red wine varietals account for of plantings while white wines varietals account for of plantings.
The 2014 vintage is reported as consisting of red grapes crushed valued at A$4,897,755 and white grapes crushed valued at $4,215,543.
As of 2014, the region is reported as containing at least 36 wineries.


Historical buildings and structures of Grand Teton National Park

The historical buildings and structures of Grand Teton National Park include a variety of buildings and built remains that pre-date the establishment of Grand Teton National Park, together with facilities built by the National Park Service to serve park visitors. Many of these places and structures have been placed on the National Register of Historic Places. The pre-Park Service structures include homestead cabins from the earliest settlement of Jackson Hole, working ranches that once covered the valley floor, and dude ranches or guest ranches that catered to the tourist trade that grew up in the 1920s and 1930s, before the park was expanded to encompass nearly all of Jackson Hole. Many of these were incorporated into the park to serve as Park Service personnel housing, or were razed to restore the landscape to a natural appearance. Others continued to function as inholdings under a life estate in which their former owners could continue to use and occupy the property until their death. Other buildings, built in the mountains after the initial establishment of the park in 1929, or in the valley after the park was expanded in 1950, were built by the Park Service to serve park visitors, frequently employing the National Park Service Rustic style of design.
Homesteads.
The earliest remaining built object in Grand Teton National Park is a diversion ditch, now known as Mining Ditch, which carried water in the vicinity of Schwabacher's Landing for prospecting activities. Dug around 1871-72, the ditch lent its name to nearby Ditch Creek. The prospectors left no other trace in Jackson Hole.
The valley's first permanent settlers did not arrive until 1884, when John Holland and John Carnes claimed a homestead to the north of Jackson, of which no trace remains. The Cunningham Cabin is the earliest remaining relic of settlement in the northern portion of Jackson Hole. It was built by J. Pierce Cunningham in 1885, at about the same time as the town of Jackson was established at the southern end of Jackson Hole. William D. Menor established Menor's Ferry across the Snake River in 1892, homesteading the lands on the western bank of the river, and operating the ferry until a bridge was built in 1927.
The Luther Taylor Cabins near Kelly were built beginning in 1916. The cabins were featured in the 1953 Western movie "Shane".
The Manges Cabin was built by James Manges, the second homesteader after Bill Menor to settle on the west side of the Snake. Manges' operation grew to become a working ranch, later the Elbo Dude Ranch, which featured a racetrack and rodeo grounds. The perceived blight of the Elbo development, so close to the mountains, led Struthers Burt and other local citizens to consider strategies for land preservation in the valley in the 1920s. The Elbo was acquired by the Park Service in 1956, and after some time as employee lodging, was gradually demolished to allow the site to return to its natural state. The Manges Cabin is the only remnant.
Homestead buildings were crude, using hewn timber harvested locally and resting on minimal foundations, excavation being difficult in the valley's stony soil. Log construction was employed almost universally, given the absence of local sawmills. This rustic local construction practice was to make a return as the economic focus of the valley shifted from agricultural development to tourism.
Working ranches.
With the advent of large-scale ranches worked by extended families with staffs of cowboys, wranglers and hired help, Jackson Hole saw the construction of planned complexes of buildings, as opposed to ad hoc assemblages of sheds and cabins. The new structures used milled lumber and typical western carpentry details in keeping with Wyoming construction practices. The working ranches moved away from rustic design, reflecting a maturing social order in the newly populated valley, which by 1909 had three sawmills to provide sawn lumber.
One of the earliest ranchers was Josiah David Ferrin, also known as "Uncle Si," who became a successful cattle rancher selling beef to crews building Jackson Lake Dam. The Elk Ranch at its height had 2000 cattle on near Moran. Ferrin sold the property to the Snake River Land Company in 1928.
In the first decade of the 20th century, Mormon settlers established a farming community in the Antelope Flats area of Jackson Hole. Becoming known as Mormon Row, the settlement extends as a line of farms, or "line village," along the former Jackson-Moran Road, with irrigated farmsteads running perpendicular to the road. The six homestead complexes once covered the area between the Gros Ventre River and Blacktail Butte. Individual farms included the Andy Chambers, John Moulton and T.A. Moulton homesteads. The Andy Chambers Ranch is the most complete of the surviving ranches.
The Hunter Hereford Ranch was a 1909 homestead on the eastern side of Jackson Hole that became a hobby ranch for William and Eileen Hunter in the 1940s. Its spectacular location led to its use as a movie set in the 1950s and also 1960's. In summer 1969 the movie "The Wild Country" was filmed in the Kelly area. The film rebuilt the Hunter Hereford barn and added some new ranch like structures. All of the filming was in the valley, some near the Hunter ranch and other scenes shots to the south close to Kelly. The property was sold to the Park Service in 1957, but operated as a ranch even after Eileen Hunter's death in 1989. While the residential areas have been demolished, much of the working ranch facility remains.
Joe Pfeifer, a former miner from Butte, Montana, established a homestead near Mormon Row in November 1910. The homestead's well-preserved remains were burned in a 1994 brush fire, but were documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey in 1979 and 1992.
Geraldine Lucas arrived in Jackson Hole following her 1912 retirement from teaching in New York at the age of 47. She built a cabin in 1912, eventually amassing several hundred acres of lands and becoming a significant opponent of the Rockefeller-backed Snake River Land Company. However, following Lucas' death, the Lucas property was acquired in 1944 by the Snake River Land Company and was used as the residence for its general manager, whose life estate ran until 1975, after which it was turned over to the Park Service.
Dude ranches and guest ranches.
Dude ranches.
The first dude ranch in Jackson Hole was the JY Ranch, which was converted from a working ranch. It became the property of the Rockefeller family when the Rockefellers started acquiring land in Jackson Hole, remaining an inholding as the family gradually donated portions to the Park Service. The final portion of the JY became the Laurance S. Rockefeller Preserve in Grand Teton National Park in 2008. The Bar B C Dude Ranch was the first dude ranch in Jackson Hole to be conceived as a dude ranch from its inception. Established in 1912, it strongly influenced later dude ranch development and had a significant role in the development of tourism in Jackson Hole. The Bar BC owed much of its success to its co-owner, author Struthers Burt, who had started the JY and who published "Diary of a Dude Wrangler" in the "Saturday Evening Post" in 1924. The White Grass Dude Ranch was established in 1913, when George Tucker Bispham, a former Bar B C employee, and Harold Hammond consolidated their adjoining working ranches right at the foot of the Tetons. The White Grass inholding operated as a dude ranch until 1985, when its life estate expired, the longest-active dude ranch in the valley. After a period of abandonment and deterioration, the White Grass was rehabilitated as the Western Center for Historic Preservation in a joint venture between the National Trust for Historic Preservation and the National Park Service. The Double Diamond Dude Ranch was started in 1924 by Joseph Clark and Fran William, initially catering primarily to boys from Eastern families. While most of its buildings were destroyed by a wildfire in 1985, the ranch's 1945 dining hall survives. The area is now known as the Climbers Ranch, used as a base camp for mountain climbers.
The Flying V Ranch was established in 1921 as a dude ranch, but was sold in 1935 to Gustav Koven and Paul Petzoldt, who intended to operate the ranch as a climbing school. After changing the name to the Ramshorn Dude Ranch, the partnership fell apart. After acquisition by the Park Service in 1956 the Ramshorn was operated as a concession under the Elbo Ranch name, which had been displaced from its previous location at the foot of the mountains when the original Elbo-Manges ranch was purchased and used for Park Service personnel housing. The Ramshorn now houses the Teton Science School. Another 1920s establishment was Leek's Lodge on upper Jackson Lake, close to the AMK, which continued to operate as a concession associated with the Signal Mountain Lodge into the 1970s. Although the Park Service had removed most of the buildings, the main lodge stood until 1998, when it was destroyed by fire, leaving only the lodge's chimney standing. The original Jackson Lake Lodge was established nearby by Eugene Amoretti, and featured the first hot and cold running water in the valley. It was replaced by the present Jackson Lake Lodge in 1955.
The Triangle X Ranch was established in 1926 on the east side of Jackson Hole and is the last dude ranch operating in the park. The Turner family was from Utah, and after failing to grow potatoes, took to guiding hunting trips. The Triangle X operated both as outfitters and as dude ranchers. The Triangle X Barn, built in 1928 of salvaged materials, is listed on the National Register.
The STS Dude Ranch was established by Buster and Frances Ester on the west bank of the Snake River a little south of Menor's Ferry in 1921. The unprofitable operation was purchased by conservationists Olaus Murie, his wife Margaret (Mardie) Murie and scientist Adolph Murie and his wife Louise. Adolph and Louise lived in the original ranch complex, while Olaus and Mardie lived in a house they built nearby on the property. The Murie Ranch hosted some of the first meetings of The Wilderness Society in the 1950s. The Murie Ranch was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2006, and is operated as the Murie Center conference facility by the National Park Service.
Vacation houses.
Other ranches took the form of rustic family retreats, rather than as guest ranches. The 4 Lazy F Dude Ranch was started as a working ranch in 1914 by Philadelphian Bryant Mears, who called it the Sun Star. The Mears family sold it to William Frew, a dude from Pittsburgh, who renamed it the 4 Lazy F for the "four lazy Frews." The Frews operated the ranch as both a family retreat and as a dude ranch for a few selected guests. It remains in the Frew family as a life estate inholding. The AMK Ranch, established in the 1920s on the east side of Jackson Lake, was a personal retreat for William Johnson of The Hoover Company. Alfred Berolzheimer of the Eagle (later Berol) pencil company bought the ranch in 1936, greatly expanding it in a high-rustic style. The Brinkerhoff, on the shore of Jackson Lake near Signal Mountain, was a pure vacation lodge, built in 1946 by oil executive Zach Brinkerhoff and furnished with Thomas C. Molesworth furniture. The Sky Ranch at the outlet of Death Canyon was established in 1953 as a summer retreat for the Balderston family, close to the White Grass ranch. William Balderston had been a surveyor and photographer for the Jackson Lake Dam project in 1914, going on to eventually become the president of the Philco Corporation. The Balderston family were regular guests at the White Grass, and friends of the Muries. They bought of White Grass property from Frank Galey in 1952. Balderston hired Philadelphia architect John Arnold Bower to design a small group of cabins, a barn and support structures.
Retired politician John Hogan bought a homestead on the east side of the park in 1926 for use as a guest ranch and fox farm. In 1930 the ranch was purchased by the Snake River Land Company and was its headquarters while the Rockefeller-owned company was assembling lands in Jackson Hole for donation to the Park Service. The main house was occupied by SRLC manager Harold Fabian and his wife Josephine until 1945, when they moved to the Geraldine Lucas homestead on the other side of the valley. Donated as part of the SRLC lands in the 1950s, the house was used as a dormitory by the Park Service for a time.
Other significant extant vacation homes, dude ranches and small working ranches include Dick and Ethel Reimer House, built in 1938 between Moose and Mormon Row at the end of Blacktail Butte, and the McCollister residential complex farther to the east on Antelope Flats Road. Paul W. McCollister was the primary developer of Teton Village. The McCollister compound was built and expanded between 1953 and 1987. The Aspen Ridge Ranch, in the same area, is a complex of modest log residential and agricultural buildings, built in 1910 and expanded in 1946. The Wolff Ranch, located farther north near Moran, is small dude ranch complex established in the 1940s by Stippy Wolff and Frank Allen.
Tourist camps.
In the 1930s increasing numbers of visitors began to arrive in the park by automobile, and accommodations were developed to suit the new, more transient tourists. The Kimmel Kabins, established in 1937 by J.D. and Lura Kimmel, are the last example of as many as twelve similar motor court-type lodgings in the park. Its remaining structures are used to house Park Service personnel. Harry and Elizabeth Sensenbach were earlier pioneers in this market, opening their homestead in front of the Cathedral Group to automobile tourists. The Sensenbach operation was bought in 1946 by Charles Byron, Jeanne Jenkins and Gloria Jenkins Wardell, who expanded the operation as the Highlands guest ranch. The Highlands was acquired by the Park Service in 1972 and used for employee housing. The Signal Mountain Lodge was one of several ventures by the Wort family, starting in the 1920s as Ole Warner's fishing camp. The Worts developed the property after they purchased it in 1931, adding cabins and a small lodge. They sold the camp in 1940, when it acquired its present name. Apart from a few cabins, most of the resort is of relatively recent construction.
Jimmy Manges, whose old ranch became the first Elbo Ranch, had built a cabin on his remaining land near the Double Diamond in 1926. He gradually created a guest camp on the property, calling it the X Quarter Circle X. The camp expanded to twenty cabins by the 1940s, when his nephew Irwin Lesher and Irwin's wife Marvel took over management and improved the camp's standard of hygiene. The Leshers continued to manage the camp after Jimmy's death in 1960 until Lesher sold out to the Park Service in 1980.
The 1925 Chapel of the Transfiguration catered to the tourist trade. Built and owned by St. John's Episcopal Church, the chapel was built near Menor's Ferry, in an area that became known as Moose. The grounds and church interior focus on the Cathedral Group of peaks, all in a consciously rustic style that emphasizes the natural environment over the built environment. The Chapel of the Sacred Heart was built in similar rustic style near Signal Mountain by the Our Lady of the Mountains Catholic Church of Jackson in 1958.
The dude ranches and guest ranches were overwhelmingly rustic in style, representing a return to log construction and deliberately "Western"-looking details, as a way of appealing to eastern dudes looking for an informal retreat reminiscent of the frontier.
Park Service infrastructure.
Early development.
Grand Teton National Park was designated in 1929 to encompass only the Teton Range and a narrow strip of land at the foot of the mountains including Jenny Lake and several smaller lakes. Nearly all of Jackson Hole was excluded from the park in the face of opposition from ranching interests. At the same time, the Rockefeller family, using the shield of the Snake River Land Company, began to buy lands in the valley for preservation and eventual donation to an expanded park. The SRLC lands were added to Jackson Hole National Monument in 1949, and Grand Teton National Park absorbed the monument lands in 1950.
During the 1930s the Park Service began to build visitor and administrative facilities in the original park lands. The park's first point of visitor contact was, for many years, at Jenny Lake. The Jenny Lake Ranger Station comprised purpose-built structures as well as structures moved to the site from elsewhere. Chief of these relocated structures were the former Lee Manges cabin, built about 1925 and moved to the site to become the ranger station, and the Crandall Photo Studio, built around 1925-26 and later moved to the site. In the 1930s the Park Service added rustic public toilet facilities, called "comfort stations." The White Grass Ranger Station was built to a standardized Park Service plan in 1930.
The park had already inherited a number of similar structures built by the U.S. Forest Service prior to the 1929 establishment of the park, including the Leigh Lake Ranger Patrol Cabin and the Lower Berry Creek Patrol Cabin in the northern reaches of the park.
As the Great Depression wore on, the Park Service received help from Civilian Conservation Corps labor, and a CCC camp was established at Jenny Lake. The CCC built the Cascade Canyon and Death Canyon barns, as well as the Moran Bay and Upper Granite Canyon patrol cabins. Despite their names, the barns were patrol cabins, built to standard Park Service designs from the Branch of Plans and Designs, and intentionally designed in the National Park Service Rustic style. The CCC built three comfort stations as well, including the String Lake Comfort Station, originally located at Jenny Lake.
The largest concentration of structures from this era comprise the Old Administrative Area Historic District at Beaver Creek. The park headquarters, superintendent's residence, four employee residences and three warehouses were designed in Park Service Rustic style and built by the CCC between 1934 and 1939. The Moose Entrance Kiosk was built nearby, and has since been moved to Moose. Private development in the 1930s included the Jenny Lake Boat Concession Facilities, built by Charles Wort, who held a legacy concessioner's permit originally issued by the Forest Service, and who built a boathouse on Jenny Lake. Wort's family went on to establish the Wort Hotel in Jackson and the Signal Mountain Lodge. Robert Reimer, who took over the Wort concession at Jenny Lake in 1935, added a personal residence to the Jenny Lake ensemble.
Park expansion.
The expansion of the park into Jackson Hole brought a requirement for new facilities at the new park gateway at Moose. The Mission 66 program was conceived in 1955 to deal with the dramatic increase in visitation, particularly automobile-borne tourism, being experienced Park Service-wide. The Moose Visitor Center, a new administration building, and employee residences were built at Moose, just downstream from Menor's Ferry, where a bridge crossed the Snake River. At about the same time the Colter Bay Village complex was developed on Jackson Lake in the northern part of the park, providing camping, lodging and marina services. The largest development of this era was the new Jackson Lake Lodge, a reinterpretation of the traditional Park Service lodge concept in a modern style by architect Gilbert Stanley Underwood. Underwood, who had designed the rustic Bryce Canyon and Grand Canyon lodges as well as Yosemite's Ahwahnee Hotel, made a sharp break from the naturalistic rustic style, using concrete and steel and straight, sharp lines while he incorporated traditionally rustic colors and textures, framing a view of Mount Moran from the main lobby. The Jackson Lake Lodge was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2003.
Context.
The historical structures of Grand Teton National Park span a period of little more than a century. They share a common heritage of rustic design and construction, first from necessity, and later from a common desire on the part of dude ranch operators and the National Park Service to evoke the aesthetics of the Western frontier. Grand Teton is unusual in its extensive inventory of structures from the pre-park period, a legacy of its expansion into areas that had been previously settled.


Wray Fish Hatchery

The Wray Fish Hatchery is a Colorado Parks and Wildlife warm and cold water fish production facility located near Chief Creek and Stalker Lake in Yuma County.
History.
Wray Fish Hatchery was inaugurated in 1939. In 2012, the facility began using Longmont's Burch Lake to breed muskellunge which was a step in obtaining a tiger muskie population in Colorado. Before deposition, the females were crossed with northern pike.
Fish Species.
Hatchery staff works to support the raising of broodstock black crappie, bluegill, and redear sunfish; other species, including walleye, saugeye, channel catfish, wiper, tiger muskie, and grass carp originate at other Colorado warm water lakes and hatcheries, or are traded from out-of-state.


Lauritz Bergendahl

Lauritz Bergendahl (30 January 1887 – 15 April 1964) was a Norwegian Nordic skier who won both the nordic combined and the 50 km cross country skiing events at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 1910, 1912, 1913, 1914, and 1915. Bergendahl's Holmenkollen 50 km cross country skiing victories have only been exceeded by one skier (Thorleif Haug) while his Holmenkollen Nordic combined victories have been matched by three others (Johan Grøttumsbråten, Rauno Miettinen, and Bjarte Engen Vik). Bergendahl earned the Holmenkollen medal in 1910 while his nephew Lars earned the honor in 1939.
Lauritz Bergendahl was the first skiing star, Nordic or Alpine, anywhere. He was called simply the "ski king". Between 1910 and 1915, he won the 50 km race at Holmenkollen five times. Born in 1888, he was nearly lost to skiing through religious revivalistm, but his other vocation was too strong. His stardom arose from the lack of national heroes in the aftermath of independence and the poor calibre of politicians. Bergendahl was probably the first sporting figure, anywhere, faut de mieux, to do duty as national icon.
He was the first skier to train methodically. He systematically developed both speed and stamina. He was a pioneer of tempo training. In particular, he was interested in coordination of sticks and skis.
He was a pioneer in adapting the Finnish double heave on the sticks as part of an innovative tactical adjustment of technique to terrain.
He was the founder of modern Nordic skiing, and the analytical system of coaching.
By trade he was a forester, like most of the early Nordic skiers, mainly because of the strength and suppleness developed in wielding axe and saw.
The first free heel toe binding to go into production was the Selmer's "Bergendahl" binding. Norway 1913
Oslo, Norway, February 13, 1952: Norwegian skiing champion Lauritz Bergendal carries the Olympic torch on the final stage of the relay, just before the lighting of the flame to begin the sixth Olympiad.


New Mexico Farm and Ranch Heritage Museum

The New Mexico Farm and Ranch Heritage Museum is a interactive museum in Las Cruces, New Mexico, that chronicles the state’s 3,000-year history of farming and ranching. The museum is part of the New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs.
Facility.
The museum is located at 4100 Dripping Springs Road on the southeastern edge of Las Cruces, New Mexico. The Bruce King Building features six different galleries and corridors that display permanent and changing exhibits, including historic tools and implements, as well as recreated structures such as a mercantile and pithouse. The museum exhibits a variety of fine art including a lithograph collection from contemporary artist Robert "Shoofly" Shufelt, who was the first artist ever displayed. The main building includes the Eagle Ranch Museum Mercantile and Snack Bar, as well as a theater and catering operation.
The museum property includes the historic Green Bridge, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The bridge spans the dry Tortugas Arroyo, and was obtained and moved by the museum to this location in 2007.
The museum also features the Skaggs Dairy Barn, Blacksmith Shop, Horse & Cattle Barn, the Sheep & Goat Barn, the Greenhouse, and livestock, including cattle, horses, sheep, and goats.
Programs.
The museum’s education department offers a variety of classes and workshops for all ages and oversees the outreach activities, including the chuck wagon program. There also are monthly lectures and special presentations in the theater. Among the annual events are Cowboy Days on the first weekend of March, Ice Cream Sunday on the third Sunday in July, and HomeGrown: A New Mexico Food Show & Gift Market on the weekend before Thanksgiving.
History.
The idea for the museum was conceived in the 1970s and the grassroots effort to create the facility was led by William P. Stephens, the former New Mexico Secretary of Agriculture, and Gerald Thomas, the former president of New Mexico State University. The passage of the Farm and Ranch Heritage Museum Act in 1991 by the state Legislature established the museum and its policy-making board. Ground was broken in 1995 and the museum opened to the public in 1998.


Royal Highland Centre

The Royal Highland Centre, originally the Royal Highland Showground, is an exhibition centre and showground located at Ingliston in the western outskirts of Edinburgh, Scotland, adjacent to Edinburgh Airport and the A8.
History.
The Royal Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland (RHASS) purchased the land in 1958 for £55,000, and after 2 years of infrastructure work including a new roadway and improved electrical supplies, the site was formally opened in 1960.
During the 1970s and 1980s, more facilitates were built, including the Highland Hall and Countryside Area.
The Royal Highland Centre has played host to live music over the years including David Bowie, The Jacksons, Genesis, Queen, Teardrop Explodes, Rainbow, Oasis, Big Country, Boston, The Jam, Rush, Electric Light Orchestra, Iron Maiden, Anthrax, Slayer, Megadeth, Billy Idol, The Police, Duran Duran, Spandau Ballet, Barry Manilow, Boyzone, Madness, and Roxette. The Ingliston showground has also played host to a number of concerts including the Edinburgh Rock festival of 1979 featuring Van Morrison, Talking Heads, The Undertones, Squeeze, Steel Pulse and The Chieftains.
In the 1990s, the Royal Highland Centre became the home of rave events organised by North East-based Rezerection. There were monthly events in the Royal Highland Centre and each summer a much larger event called The Event staged at the centre, where 25,000 people danced the night away in numerous tents and arenas. DJs included Bass Generator, Scott Brown, Tom Wilson, Mikey B, Seduction, and DJ Rap.
The Royal Highland Centre (RHC) now welcomes over 1 million visitors annually to a wide range of events. The largest event is the Royal Highland Show, which attracts over 200,000 visitors each year.
Future.
The future of the Royal Highland Centre was threatened by the proposed expansion of Edinburgh Airport in 2006 under a UK government white paper, which foresees the need for the Royal Highland Centre site to be used for airport use by 2013.
By 2008 the plans were killed off and leaving the Royal Highland Centre where it is. This resulted in RHASS deciding to spend £75million upgrade of the site and refurbishment, with work starting just after the 2010 Royal Highland Show.
In 2017, the pop girl-band Little Mix, played the first concert in the newly formed outdoor South Arena on the RHC site. As of October 2019, Monopoly Events holds the popular Comic Con Scotland annual event in the Royal Highland Centre with a large audience and many high calibre celebrity guest names attending.