Philip Crosfield

The Very Reverend George Philip Chorley Crosfield OBE (9 September 1924 – 13 March 2013) was an eminent Anglican priest in the latter part of the 20th century.
He was born on 9 September 1924 and educated at George Watson's College, Edinburgh and Selwyn College, Cambridge.
After wartime service with the Royal Artillery, during which he saw action in Normandy in 1944, Germany in 1945 and was then posted to India, he was ordained in 1952 and began his career with a curacy at St David's, Pilton, Edinburgh and subsequently at St. Andrew's Church, St. Andrews, where he was also Anglican chaplain to the university. It was here that he met his wife, Susan Martin, an undergraduate who was president of the Anglican Society.
He was appointed Rector of St Cuthbert's, Hawick in 1955 and he and Susan were married in the summer of 1956. After 5 years, Crosfield was asked to be Chaplain of Gordonstoun School and his appointment coincided with the arrival at the school of the young Prince Charles, whom he later prepared for confirmation.
In 1968, he was appointed Vice-Provost and Canon Residentiary at St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh, but, following Patrick Rodger's departure to be Bishop of Manchester, he became its Provost in 1970, a post he was to hold until retirement 20 years later. During his time at the cathedral, he founded St. Mary's Music School, which had grown out of the St. Mary's Cathedral Choir School. The Music School opened its doors in 1972, with Yehudi Menuhin as its patron.
In the 1980s, horrified by the effects of unemployment on young people, Crosfield set up the St. Mary's Cathedral Workshop, which has looked after the fabric of the Victorian Cathedral whilst training apprentice stonemasons and reviving the skills and trades associated with old buildings that were in danger of disappearing.
Moving to Penicuik, near Edinburgh, in retirement, he continued his work as a priest as part of the Ministry Team of St. James the Less Episcopal Church.


Anna Regina (Wolf Hall)

"Anna Regina" is the third episode of the BBC Two series "Wolf Hall". It was first broadcast on 4 February 2015.
Plot summary.
In 1531, King Henry VIII pushes his cause of marrying Anne Boleyn by proposing a bill that would make him, and not the Pope, the head of the Church in England. Thomas Cromwell's influence in the king's affairs continues to grow, but he seeks more power.
Critical reception.
"Anna Regina" received positive reviews. "The Daily Telegraph" again gave the episode 5/5. Reviewer Tim Martin wrote that ""Wolf Hall" is getting better, and darker, with each episode," and called it a "stellar political drama, with a thrillingly delicate feel for the weight of words."


Juan de los Barrios

Juan de los Barrios y Toledo, OFM (1498 – April 16, 1563) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as the first Archbishop of Santafé en Nueva Granada, (1564–1569),
Bishop of Santa Marta (1552–1564),
and the first Bishop of Paraguay (1547–1552).
Biography.
Juan de los Barrios was born in Villa de Peloche, Spain and ordained a priest in the Order of Friars Minor.
On July 1, 1547, Pope Paul III appointed him the first Bishop of Paraguay.
He was consecrated by Juan Martínez Silíceo, Archbishop of Toledo.
On April 2, 1552, he was appointed by Pope Julius III as Bishop of Santa Marta.
On March 22, 1564, Pope Pius IV appointed him the first Archbishop of Santafé en Nueva Granada.
He died on February 12, 1569.
While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of Juan de Simancas Simancas, Bishop of Cartagena and Pedro de Ágreda Sánchez Martín, Bishop of Coro.


Stephen Dami Mamza

Stephen Dami Mamza (born 30 November 1969) is a Nigerian Roman Catholic bishop.
Mamza was born in Bazza, Adamawa and was ordained to the priesthood on 13 April 1996. On 18 February 2011, he was appointed bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Yola and ordained as bishop on 7 April 2011.


George Hodges (priest)

George Hodges (30 May 1851 – 30 August 1921) was an Anglican priest, Archdeacon of Sudbury from 1902 to 1920.
The son of another George Hodges, sometime Vicar of St Andrew, Hastings, he was educated at St John's School, Leatherhead, St John's College, Cambridge and ordained in 1878. He was Curate at Milton-next-Sittingbourne then Stoke-by-Nayland. He was the vicar of St James's, Bury St Edmunds from 1888 to 1912; and Rural Dean of Thingoes from 1888 to 1902. He was a Canon Residentiary at Ely cathedral from 1912.


Johanne Borchgrevink

Johanne Christiane Borchgrevink (1836-1924) was a Norwegian missionary and educator. In 1872 she founded Antsahamanitra Boarding School for Girls in Antananarivo, Madagascar.


Hyacinth Oroko Egbebo

Hyacinth Oroko Egbebo, Bishop of Bomadi (Nigeria); before Bomadi became a diocese in 2017, he was Apostolic Vicar of Bomadi and Titular Bishop of Lacubaza. He is also a Superior general of the Missionary Society of Saint Paul of Nigeria.
Biography.
He was born in 1955 in Nigeria, and made a priest of the Roman Catholic Church in 1990. He was ordained bishop in 2008. He was Auxiliary Bishop and then Apostolic Vicar of Bomadi in Nigeria. He is now Bishop of Bomadi, having become that when Bomadi became a diocese.
In January 2016, Bishop Egbebo, then of Apostolic Vicariate of Bomadi, during the consecration of a Catholic priest under his vicariate, expressed concern over what he described as ""high level of impunity and abuse of human rights in the anti-corruption war of President Muhammadu Buhari".
He accused Buhari of a selective anti-graft war.
He raised a concern over how disobey court order in his fight against corruption. He said "In as much as we would want to commend President Buhari on his zero tolerance on corruption, it is very disheartening and a risk to our democracy that the President would have the impunity to set aside court orders under the guise of his anti-corruption war"".


Robert Keyes

Robert Keyes (1565 -1606) was a member of the group of provincial English Catholics who planned the failed Gunpowder Plot of 1605, a conspiracy to assassinate King James I by blowing up the House of Lords during the State Opening of Parliament on 5 November 1605. He was the sixth man to join the plot.
Unlike several other conspirators Keyes was not a particularly wealthy man. He was trusted by Robert Catesby, the plot's author, with guarding the explosives stored at the latter's lodgings in London. When the plot was uncovered he fled the city, and was captured several days later in Warwickshire. He was tried with his co-conspirators, found guilty, and in January 1606 hanged, drawn and quartered.
Life before 1604.
Born in about 1565, Robert Keyes was the son of the Protestant Rector of Staveley in North Derbyshire. His mother was a daughter of Sir Robert Tyrwhitt of Kettleby in Lincolnshire, and related to the Catholic Babthorpes of Osgodby. Keyes' first cousin Elizabeth Tyrrwhitt was married to another member of the plot, Ambrose Rookwood. By 1604, Robert had converted to Catholicism. His wife Christina, a widow when he married her, was the governess for the children of Henry Mordaunt, 4th Baron Mordaunt, at Drayton in Northamptonshire, and for this Keyes gained the use of horses and other amenities.
Gunpowder Plot.
English Catholics had hoped that the persecution of their faith would end when the apparently more tolerant King James I succeeded Queen Elizabeth I, but Robert Catesby, a Catholic zealot from Ashby St Ledgers, remained unimpressed by the new royal dynasty. He therefore planned to kill James by blowing up the House of Lords with gunpowder, following which he would help incite a popular revolt to install James's daughter, Princess Elizabeth, as titular Queen. His role being to guard the gunpowder and other items stored at Catesby's house in Lambeth, Keyes joined the conspiracy in October 1604.
The Jesuit priest John Gerard described Keyes as "a grave and sober man, and of great wit and sufficiency". Father Oswald Tesimond claimed that Keyes had "tasted persecution himself, having lost his goods because of it" while historian and author Cyril Northcote Parkinson's image of him was of a "desperate man, ruined and indebted". Tall, with a red beard, despite his relative poverty Catesby declared him "a trusty honest man", and may have paid him for his services. Like fellow plotter Guy Fawkes, he was thought capable of looking after himself. Several conspirators expressed concerns about the safety of fellow Catholics who would be at Parliament on the day of the planned explosion; Keyes was particularly worried about Lord Mordaunt, his wife's employer. Thomas Percy was concerned for his patron, Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland, and the Lords Vaux, Montague, Monteagle and Stourton were also mentioned. Keyes's suggestion to warn Lord Mordaunt was treated by Catesby with derision, when he answered that "he would not for the chamber full of diamonds acquaint him with the secret, for that he knew he could not keep it."
Keyes and his cousin-in-law Ambrose Rookwood spent the night before the planned explosion at the house of an Elizabeth More, near Temple Bar. They were visited late that evening by Fawkes (in charge of the explosives beneath the House of Lords) who collected a watch left by Percy, for timing the fuse. Several hours later Fawkes was discovered guarding the explosives, and was arrested.
Failure and death.
When Keyes heard that Fawkes had been captured he took to his horse and fled for the Midlands. He was overtaken at Highgate by Rookwood, who was rushing to inform Catesby and the others of what had transpired. After he and Rookwood had caught up with Catesby, Percy, Thomas Bates, and John and Christopher Wright, Keyes left the group, and headed instead for Lord Mordaunt's house at Drayton, where he went to ground. He was identified as a suspect on 6 November, and captured several days later.
The conspirators were tried on 27 January 1606 at Westminster Hall. Despite entering pleas of not guilty (only Digby professed his guilt), all eight were found guilty. They were each allowed to speak "wherefore judgement of death should not be pronounced against them". Keyes made no attempt to excuse his actions, claiming that "death was as good now as at any other time", preferable to living "in the midst of so much tyranny". The Jesuit Oswald Tesimond wrote in his "Narrative" of Keyes's defence:
On 31 January 1606 Keyes, Rookwood, Thomas Wintour and Fawkes were taken to the Old Palace Yard in Westminster, to be hanged, drawn and quartered. Rookwood and Wintour were the first to ascend to the gallows. Grim-faced, Keyes went "stoutly" up the ladder, but with the halter around his neck he threw himself off, presumably hoping for a quick death. The halter broke, and he was taken to the block to suffer the remainder of his sentence.


Angela of Foligno

Angela of Foligno (1248 – 4 January 1309) was an Italian Franciscan tertiary who became known as a mystic from her extensive writings about her mystical revelations. Due to the respect those writings engendered in the Catholic Church she became known as "Mistress of Theologians".
Angela was noted not only for her spiritual writings, but also for founding a religious community which refused to become an enclosed religious order so that it might continue her vision of caring for those in need. It is still active.
The Catholic Church declared Angela to be a saint in 2013. Her canonization was an “equivalent canonization” (without executing the ordinary judicial process of canonization).
Early life and conversion.
Angela's birth date, which is not known with certainty, is often listed as 1248. She was born into a wealthy family at Foligno, in Umbria. Married, perhaps at an early age, she had several children. Angela reports that she loved the world and its pleasures. Around the age of 40, she reportedly had a vision of Francis of Assisi and recognized the emptiness of her life. From that time, she began to lead a life devoted to higher perfection.
Three years later, Angela's mother died, followed, a few months later, by her husband and children. With one serving woman, Masazuola, as her companion, she began to divest herself of her possessions and to live as a penitent. Angela joined the Third Order of St. Francis, probably in 1291. She placed herself under the direction of a Franciscan friar named Arnoldo, who would serve as her confessor.
Works and later life.
Considered a "great medieval mystic," Angela is said to have received mystical revelations, which she dictated to a scribe in the late 13th century. These accounts are contained in a compilation of two works, usually published under the title "Il Libro della Beata Angela da Foligno".
Angela recorded the history of her conversion in her "Book of Visions and Instructions". She dictated, in her Umbrian dialect, an account of her spiritual progress, known as the "Memoriale", which was transcribed in Latin by a man known as "Brother A." This work was probably begun in 1292. The "Memorial" is the first part of two sections of Angela of Foligno's "Liber". The second text is known as "Instructions" and is composed of thirty-six instructional texts, a note about her death, and an epilogue. These texts appear in different orders in different manuscripts, and there is not known to be one correct order.
Brother A. remained with her until 1296 while she completed the higher and more difficult final ten stages, but since it proved impossible for him to understand these fully, he condensed them into seven ‘supplementary stages’ whose description takes up the larger portion of the "Memorial". The text was finished by 1298, and submitted to Cardinal James of Colonna and eight Friars Minor, who gave it their approval. It seems that Brother A. revised it shortly after, in 1299–1300.
Between around 1296 and her death in early 1309, the fame of Angela's sanctity gathered around her a number of other tertiaries, both men and women, who strove under her direction to advance in holiness. Later she established at Foligno a community of other women tertiaries, who added to the Rule of the Third Order a commitment to a common life without, however, binding themselves to enclosure, so that they might devote their lives to works of charity.
The final version of the "Book" appends a series of 36 "Instructions" to the "Memorial". These reflect Angela's teaching during this period. These teachings are rather more conventional in tone and have differences in vocabulary and emphasis from the "Memorial" – which may reflect redaction by several hands. Nevertheless, the Instructions seem to reflect Angela's teaching, albeit at some remove.
"No one can be saved without divine light. Divine light causes us to begin and to make progress, and it leads us to the summit of perfection. Therefore if you want to begin and to receive this divine light, pray. If you have begun to make progress, pray. And if you have reached the summit of perfection, and want to be super-illumined so as to remain in that state, pray. If you want faith, pray. If you want hope, pray. If you want charity, pray. If you want poverty, pray. If you want obedience, pray. If you want chastity, pray. If you want humility, pray. If you want meekness, pray. If you want fortitude, pray. If you want any virtue, pray." (( from Voices of the Saints, Bert Ghezzi ))
"And pray in this fashion: always reading the Book of Life, that is, the life of the God-man, Jesus Christ, whose life consisted of poverty, pain, contempt and true obedience." (from Voices of the Saints, Bert Ghezzi)
At Christmas 1308, Angela told her companions she would die shortly. A few days later, she had a vision of Christ appearing to her and promising to come personally to take her to heaven. She died in her sleep on 3 January 1309.
Angela died surrounded by her community of disciples. Her remains repose in the Church of St. Francis at Foligno. Many people attributed miracles to her, which were accomplished at her tomb.
Angela's authority as a spiritual teacher may be gathered from the fact that Bollandus, among other testimonials, quotes Maximilian van der Sandt, of the Society of Jesus, as calling her the "'Mistress of Theologians', whose whole doctrine has been drawn out of the Book of Life, Jesus Christ, Our Lord".
Veneration.
Pope Clement XI approved the veneration paid to her over the centuries in his beatification of her on 11 July 1701 and Pope Francis extended the veneration to all the Church on 9 October 2013, declaring her a saint by equipollent canonization, recognizing the validity of the long-standing veneration of her.
Her feast day is celebrated by the Third Order of Saint Francis, both Secular and Regular, on 4 January (7 January in the United States). Although the community she founded was not recognized as a religious institute until the 20th-century, she is honored as a religious.


Samuel Breeze

Samuel Breeze (1772–1812) was a Welsh Baptist minister. He grew up in the Llandinam area. He began his career as schoolmaster of Dolau School, Radnorshire, but left in 1794 to take charge of Penrhyncoch School, near Aberystwyth.
In 1795 he also began to preach. He was ordained a Baptist minister on 12 June 1803, serving as one of two ministers in the Aberystwyth district for a number of years, before relocating to Newcastle Emlyn in March 1812.
He died in 1812, and was buried at Cilfowyr, Pembrokeshire.


Gavin Bone

Gavin Bone (born 19 January 1964) is an English author and lecturer in the fields of magic, witchcraft, Wicca and Neo-Paganism, and an organizer in the Neo-Pagan community. He was born in Portsmouth, Hampshire in England, in 1964.
Early life.
He was born on 19 January 1964 and was brought up in Portsmouth, Hampshire. His mother regularly visited mediums and tarot readers, which was a major influence in his occult interest. He attended several conferences and events in Portsmouth on the unexplained, which made him become interested in everything from UFOs to the Surrey Puma, ghosts, and the Bermuda Triangle.
Career.
Firstly he wanted to pursue a career in the British Army, but was unable to go into regular service and served in "219 Wessex General Hospital RAMC (V)" instead. Then he left because of his political beliefs. He became involved with groups such as Greenpeace from 1981. He became interested in Wicca during the same period, having previously explored Buddhism, Hinduism and Taoism. He also started to train as a spiritual healer, after he had attended "The Joseph Carey Spiritualist Centre". He practised solitary from 1982 before finding his first magical group in 1985 working from the "Fifth Dimension Occult" store, Eastney, Portsmouth. His group was eclectic and included earth healing practices as well as High Magic. It was from this group that the first coven he joined emerged, which was based on "Buckland's Seax Wicca". He was later initiated into a "Gardnerian based" tradition.
Wicca and Neopaganism.
He has trained as a registered nurse and has studied complementary healing methods such as reflexology. He was initiated into Seax-Wica in 1986, and was involved in the revival of British/Anglo-Saxon traditional shamanism in the late 1980s through a web site called "PaganLink". He is currently developing the theory that Wicca may have some roots in tribal shamanistic healing traditions, as opposed to medieval ritual magic.
Bone first met Janet Farrar and Stewart Farrar in 1989 at a "Pagan" camp at Groby, near Leicester, where they became friends. He accompanied them on a tour to the United States in 1992, and after their return he moved to Ireland and became their business partner. He joined the Farrars as part of a "polyfidelitous relationship", and they continued their personal and professional relationship since Stewart's death on 7 February 2000. He co-authored several books with the Farrars, and he is the production manager for their videos. He also set up their website in 1996, which has become the “Pagan Information Network”, a contact network for Pagans across the Republic and Northern Ireland, for which Bone and Janet Farrar are the primary coordinators.
Bone and Janet Farrar are currently active members in the Aquarian Tabernacle Church of Ireland, and have links with several covens in the United States, Australia, New Zealand and Europe. They ran a progressive coven in Ireland called Coven Na Callaighe until early 2009 which was part of Teampall Na Callaighe, which once included an open worship group Clan Na Callaighe.
Janet Farrar and Gavin Bone handfasted in Ireland, May 2001. They have legally been married since March 2014.
Early Pagan Network involvement.
Following attending Link-Up '89 (September 1989) in Groby, Leicester, Gavin became involved in "Pagan Link" as a contact and facilitator for Portsmouth, with his wife Tania Andrade. They regularly held moots in Portsmouth, in the Milton area, and from this a small coven naturally developed of no specific tradition. He later became a contact for the Pagan Federation as it expanded its contact network. He and his wife also became part of Clan Bran, which is a clan of eclectic practitioners. It was based in Abbots Bromley, Leicestershire before it moved to the Republic of Ireland.


Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros

Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros (31 July 1777 – 7 April 1849) was an Argentine statesman and priest. He was a representative to the Congress of Tucumán which on 9 July 1816 declared the Independence of Argentina.
Castro Barros was born in Chuquis, Arauco Department, La Rioja Province, Argentina.
As a child, he was taken to Santiago del Estero to study and in 1790 he went to Córdoba where he was taken under the wing of the rector of the University of Córdoba. He gained his doctorate in theology in 1800 and later that year he was ordained by Bishop Moscoso of Tucumán.
Castro Barros was elected to represent La Rioja in the 1813 Assembly replacing Ugarteche.
In 1815, he was elected to the Tucumán Congress and served as president in May 1816 for the appointment of Juan Martín de Pueyrredón as Supreme Director. For the declaration on 9 July, he led the Tedeum mass that was celebrated to give thanks. He supported an Incan constitutional monarchy.
Later Castro Barros became rector of the University of Córdoba on three occasions and founded several primary schools. He lived in exile in the Banda Oriental from 1833 and then from 1841 in Chile, where he was rector of the Universidad de Chile.
A museum dedicated to Castro Barros is located in his birthplace, Chuquis.


Mary Gardiner Brainard

Mary Gardiner Brainard (June 19, 1837 – November 30, 1905) was an American writer of religious poetry.
Biography.
Mary Gardiner Brainard was born in New London, Connecticut. She was daughter of William Fowler Brainard (1784-1844), a New London lawyer, whose younger brother was the poet John Gardiner Calkins Brainard, and his second wife Sarah Ann Prentis.
Her poem "Not Knowing" first appeared in "The Congregationalist", March 1869, and was set to music as a hymn by Philip Paul Bliss in the 1870s.


Roberto Layson

Roberto Layson is a Filipino Priest and a member of Oblate Missionary Immaculate, a Catholic religious organization.
Career.
He wrote over 100 stories of his personal experiences in religious dialogue for his MindaNews.com column, 'Fields of Hope'. Layson served as coordinator of the Oblates’ Inter-religious Ministry from 1998–2008.
Recognition.
He was awarded the Ninoy Aquino Fellowship Award for Public Service in 2004 and 2006. He was awarded the Pax Christi International Peace Award in 2002.
Roberto Layson was recognized "for building a culture of peace among Christians, Muslims and indigenous people in an area of armed conflict". He was the author of "Fields of Hope". Layson was conferred the honorary degree of Doctor of Humanities by the Ateneo De Davao University in Davao City, Philippines on March 28, 2015


Diego Laynez

"Several spellings of his names (James, Jacob; Laines, Laynez, Lainez) are in use and some of them can be found in other Wikipedia articles"
Diego Laynez, S.J. (sometimes spelled Laínez) (Spanish: "Diego Laynez"), born in 1512 (Almazán, Spain) and died on 19 January 1565 (Rome), was a Spanish Jesuit priest and theologian of Jewish descent, and the second Superior General of the Society of Jesus.
Early life.
Diego Laynez was born in Almazán in Castile. He graduated from the University of Alcalá, and then continued his studies in Paris, where he came under the influence of Ignatius of Loyola. He was one of the seven men who, with Ignatius, formed the original group of "Friends in the Lord", later Society of Jesus, taking, in the Montmartre church, the vows of personal poverty and chastity in the footsteps of Christ, and committing themselves to going to Jerusalem.
Because of unfavourable circumstances (no ship going to Holy Land) the pilgrimage to Jerusalem fell through, and Laynez with Ignatius of Loyola and the other "Friends in the Lord" (by then they were ten) offered their services to the Pope. After the Order had been definitely established (1540) Laynez, among other missions visited Germany. Laynez was a papal theologian during each of the three periods of the Council of Trent. At one point he was also professor of scholastic theology at "La Sapienza".
Involvement with the Council of Trent.
First Period.
Pope Paul III sent Laynez to Trent to act as the Pope's theologian at the Ecumenical Council. Laynez arrived at Trent on May 18, 1546, five months after the Council opened, with Alfonso Salmeron. Before long, Laynez was recognized as exceptional – one of the first practical consequences was that he was allowed to preach in Trent when not on Council business, whereas the general rule forbade preaching by conciliar theologians. Another exception was the three-hour time limit accorded to Laynez in the council debates, while the standard allotment was an hour.
Laynez's famous speech on imputed and inherent justification (Seripando's “double justice” theory) on October 26, 1546 was subsequently written out and incorporated into the Acta of the Council under the title Disputatio de justitia imputata. By the time Laynez spoke, 37 theologians had spoken on the issue, and 28 had rejected duplex justitia. In his three-hour-long speech, which was widely regarded as the most thorough on the topic, Laynez gave 12 reasons that the proposed “double justice” must be rejected by the Church, including its relatively recent origin and its implied denial of merit. His arguments were consistent with Council's January 13, 1547 Decree on Justification, which taught in Chapter 16, “we must believe that nothing further is wanting to those justified to prevent them from being considered to have, by those very works which have been done in God, fully satisfied the divine law according to the state of this life and to have truly merited eternal life.”
 Laynez did not participate directly in the several months of discussions between his speech and the issuing of the Decree because immediately after his speech on justification, Cardinal Del Monte assigned him – along with Salmeron – to prepare a list of Protestant errors regarding the sacraments, as well as a summary of the relevant Church documents and patristic writings on sacraments. The first part of this research was presented to the Council on January 17, 1547 by Cardinal Cervini under the headings of “sacraments in general,” “baptism” and “confirmation.” This research set the terms of debate, which was somewhat less contentious than that concerning justification. The seventh session of the Council promulgated its canons on sacraments in general, baptism and confirmation on March 3, 1547.
 Laynez moved with the Council to Bologna after the seventh session, where he continued his preparatory work on the sacraments of the Eucharist and penance. He grew frustrated with the slow pace of the work done in Bologna, and left in June 1547.
He spent the time between the first and second period of the Council contributing to the reform of prostitutes, convents and dioceses, preaching in Florence, Venice and then in Sicily. From there, he accompanied John de Vaga's fleet on a successful raid of Tripoli, which had been a base for Muslim pirates and was still in Africa on October 5, 1550 when he was called to Rome.
Second Period.
By November 22, 1550, Laynez arrived in Rome to prepare for the second period of the Council of Trent, which eventually opened on May 1, 1551. He attended to a number of projects on his way from Rome to Trent, finally arriving on July 27, almost three months after the opening, but in plenty of time to contribute, on September 8, his arguments on the Eucharist leading up to the important 13th session, October 11, at which the Decree on the Sacrament of the Eucharist was promulgated. Immediately after his speech, he began the preliminary work for the Council's consideration of penance and extreme unction, which he, with Salmeron, presented on October 20. Laynez often fell ill during this period, but after a period of convalescence he was able to speak on December 7 for three hours on the Mass as sacrifice. The Council was suspended for the second time in April 1552, and Laynez went to Bassano to recover his health and then to Padua. Before leaving Trent, however, he met with Melchior Cano, the influential Spanish Dominican, who was embarrassed by his countryman's threadbare cassock and was suspicious of the new religious order. The meeting did not go at all well.
When Ignatius of Loyola died in 1556 Diego Laynez acted as Vicar General of the Society. Because of an internal crisis and difficult relations with Pope Paul IV, the Society's General Congregation was delayed by two years. When it was finally convened and opened on July 2, 1558, Laynez was elected at the first ballot and became the second Superior-General of the Society of Jesus.
Third Period.
In 1560 Diego Laynez, now the Jesuit General, was instrumental in arguing that the Council should continue to its close, against Ferdinand I who wished to see a new Council opened and the prior decrees of the Council of Trent forgotten. Pius IV subsequently ordered the Council to meet again in the carefully worded "Ad ecclesiae regimen" of November 29, 1560; the Council was eventually opened on January 18, 1562.
Upon Laynez's arrival at Trent in August 1562, he defended the practice of distributing Communion under only one species. Among Laynez's other speeches during the third period of the Council are (1) against the Gallican theory that general councils are superior to the Pope, against bishops who wanted to extend episcopal authority at the expense of that of the Pope, in which he argued that the power of the bishop was received through the mediation of the pope and not directly from God (October 20, 1562), and (2) a speech in which he committed a rare theological error – he doubted the ability of the Church to invalidate clandestine marriages (August 23, 1563), a position rejected by the 24th Session of the Council in Chapter 1 of its Decree on the Reformation of Marriage.
On the death of Pope Paul IV, many cardinals wished to elect Laynez pope, but he fled from them in order to avoid this fate.
Death and legacy.
Laynez died in Rome on . he was buried in the Roman church of the "Madonna Della Strada", soon rebuilt into the Church of the Gesù. His remains were repatriated to Madrid in 1667 and kept in the Jesuit college church there, now Colegiata de San Isidro. On they were transferred to the church of the Sacred Heart and Saint Francis Borgia on calle de la Flor Baja. That church was comprehensively destroyed by arson in 1931. Ashes identified as those of Laynez's relics were identified in the ruins and re-interred in the new Jesuit Maldonado church on Calle de Serrano.
He was instrumental in cementing the central role of education in the identity of the Jesuit Order:


Josef Bisig

Josef Meinrad Bisig, F.S.S.P. (born 2 September 1952) is a Swiss Roman Catholic priest, and co-founder and first superior general of the Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter. He was originally a member of the Society of Saint Pius X but left when founder Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre illicitly consecrated four bishops in defiance of the express will of Pope John Paul II.
Formerly a seminary rector in Europe, Bisig was appointed vice-rector and theology professor at Our Lady of Guadalupe Seminary in 2005. Bisig became rector in 2006 and is also a councillor of his order. He has a licentiate in Sacred Theology, and is currently preparing a doctorate of theology. He speaks German, French, English and Italian.


William Duffy (bishop)

William Duffy was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Titular Bishop of "Ascalon" (1531–?), Auxiliary Bishop of York (1535–?) and Auxiliary Bishop of St Asaph (1531–1535).
Biography.
William Duffy was ordained a priest in the Order of Friars Minor. On 10 July 1531, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Paul II as Titular Bishop of "Ascalon" and Auxiliary Bishop of St Asaph. On 16 July 1531, he was consecrated bishop by Octavio de Cesi, Bishop of Cervia, with Bernardo Ruggieri, Bishop Emeritus of Sora serving as co-consecrator. He served as Auxiliary Bishop of St Asaph until his appointment as Auxiliary Bishop of York in 1535. Probably to be identified with William Duffield, Bishop of "Ascalensis," and Vicar of Barton-upon-Humber, Lincs., who functioned as a suffragan (auxiliary) bishop in the dioceses of Lincoln and York 1535–38. He was executed for treason in 1538 after repudiating the royal supremacy.


Ralph Ebirien

Ralph Ebirien is an Anglican bishop in Nigeria: he is the current Bishop of Niger Delta one of nine in the Anglican Province of the Niger Delta, itself one of 14 within the Church of Nigeria.
He was elected as Bishop of Niger Delta on 29 October 2009 at the Episcopal synod of the Church of Nigeria Anglican Communion held at the Basilica of Grace Apo in Gudu district of the Anglican Diocese of Abuja.


Leopold Moczygemba

Leopold Moczygemba, OFM Conv (October 18, 1824 – February 23, 1891) was the founder of the first Polish-American parish in Panna Maria and Bandera, Texas.
He was born October 18, 1824 in Groß Pluschnitz, Upper Silesia, Prussia (now Płużnica Wielka, Poland). During his career, he was papal envoy to the United States and founder of the Polish SS. Cyril and Methodius Seminary in Detroit. He also ministered to the ethnic Polish populations of the north-central United States.
Moczygemba was one of the founding members of the Polish-American Association


Adolph Kolping

Adolph Kolping (8 December 1813 — 4 December 1865) was a German Catholic priest and the founder of the Kolping Association. He led the charge for providing and promoting social support for workers in industrialized cities while also working to promote the dignities of workers in accordance with the social magisterium of the faith.
The beatification for the late priest commenced on 21 March 1934 and he was later titled as Venerable in 1989. His beatification was celebrated under Pope John Paul II on 27 October 1991 in Saint Peter's Square; his liturgical feast is not affixed to the date of his death as is the norm but rather on 6 December.
Life.
Adolph Kolping was born on 8 December 1813 in Kerpen as the fourth of five children to the poor shepherd Peter Kolping (d. 12 April 1845) and Anna Maria Zurheyden (d. 4 April 1833). He often lived in the shadow of frail health during his childhood.
He proved to be an able student while in school from 1820 to 1826 but his poverty prevented him from furthering his education despite his commitment to pursue additional studies. In 1831 he travelled to Cologne as a shoemaker's assistant and soon became shocked with the living conditions of the working class that lived there and this proved to be definitive in influencing his decision to become a priest; he remained a shoemaker until 1841. In summer 1834 he attended the Three Kings School and afterwards in 1841 began his theological education in Munich (1841–42) at the college there as well as later in Bonn (1842–44) and Cologne (26 March 1844 – 1845). His time spent on his studies saw him become friends with the future Bishop of Mainz Wilhelm Emmanuel von Ketteler.
Kolping was ordained to the priesthood on 13 April 1845 in Cologne's Minoritenkirche but his father died the night before so his ordination was full of mixed emotions. He first served in Elberfeld – now part of Wuppertal – as a chaplain and religious education teacher from 1845 until 1849. In 1847 he became the second president of the Gesellenverein which gave its members both religious and social support. In 1849 he returned to Cologne as the cathedral's vicar and established Cologne's branch of the Gesellenverein. He united the existing associations as the "Rheinischer Gesellenbund" in 1850 – this fusion was the origin of the present international "Kolpingwerk". In 1854 he founded the newspaper "Rheinische Volksblätter" (or the "Rhine Region People’s Paper") which quickly became one of the most successful press organs of his time. He was the editor of the Catholic People's Calendar from 1852 to 1853 and of the Calendar for the Catholic People from 1854 to 1855. In 1862 he became the rector of the Saint Maria Empfängnis church in Cologne. Pope Pius IX titled him as a Monsignor in 1862 – this came about after the pair met in Rome in a private audience in May to discuss the priest's work.He died on 4 December 1865 due to lung cancer; he had suffered from a severe joint inflammation in his right forearm that spring. His remains are buried in the Saint Maria Empfängnis church. He is remembered as the "Father of All Apprentices" and in 2003 was ranked eleventh in the Unsere Besten. Pope John Paul II visited his tomb in November 1980 while visiting the nation.
Beatification.
The beatification process opened under Pope Pius XI on 21 March 1934 and the late priest became titled as a Servant of God as a result of this introduction; the informative process opened on 21 March 1934 and later closed after an unspecified duration but later had to receive validation from the competent authorities in Rome for the cause to proceed. The historians approved the cause on 24 February 1987 while the Congregation for the Causes of Saints (CCS) received the Positio from the postulation in 1988. Theologians approved the cause on 15 January 1988 as did the CCS on 18 April 1989; the confirmation of his heroic virtue allowed for Pope John Paul II to name him as Venerable on 13 May 1989.
The miracle that led to his beatification was investigated in the diocese of origin and later received C.C.S. validation on 5 December 1987 before a medical board approved it on 24 January 1990. The theologians also approved the cause on 18 May 1990 as did the CCS on 23 October 1990 while John Paul II issued his definitive approval for it on 22 January 1991. The pope beatified Kolping on 27 October 1991 in Saint Peter's Square.


Paulino Fernandes Madeca

Paulino Fernandes Madeca (born 28 November 1927, Chingolo, Cabinda, Angola; died 9 January 2008, Luanda, Angola) was a Catholic Bishop of Cabinda.
Life.
Madeca entered a seminary in 1940. He subsequently studied theology and philosophy in Luanda and was ordained to the priesthood on 20 July 1958.
On 22 July 1983 Pope John Paul II appointed him titular bishop of Egnatia and auxiliary bishop in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Luanda. He was consecrated by Archbishop Fortunato Baldelli, on 9 October of the same year; coconsecrating were Eduardo André Muaca, Archbishop of Luanda, and Oscar Lino Lopes Fernandes Braga, Bishop of Benguela. On 2 July 1984 he was transferred to the Diocese of Cabinda.
Madeca resigned on 11 February 2005. He died on 9 January 2008, at the Military Hospital of Luanda; he is buried in Cabinda.


The Last Confession

The Last Confession is a stage play by Roger Crane about the election and death of Pope John Paul I. The play follows Giovanni Benelli (David Suchet) who recounts, during his last confession, his role in the death of John Paul and how this led him to lose his faith. It premiered at the Chichester Festival Theatre on 27 April 2007.
Plot.
Disturbed by the corruption in Vatican City, caused mainly by Paul Marcinkus and Jean-Marie Villot, Benelli attempts to manipulate the August 1978 conclave and elect Albino Luciani as Pope. The plan succeeds and Luciani becomes Pope John Paul I but his unconventional views and actions make him enemies in the Curia.
Just thirty three days into his reign, John Paul dies suddenly and Benelli investigates the death, suspecting the Pope was murdered. Realising that a request for an autopsy would damage the church, Benelli decides to end the investigation and tries to become Pope himself. This time his efforts to manipulate the conclave fail and a compromise candidate, Karol Wojtyła, is elected Pope.


Anthony Mary Claret

Anthony Mary Claret (; ; December 23, 1807 – October 24, 1870) was a Spanish Roman Catholic archbishop and missionary, and was confessor of Isabella II of Spain. He founded the congregation of Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, commonly called the Claretians. In addition to the Claretians, which in the early 21st century had over 450 houses and 3100 members, with missions in five continents, Claret founded or drew up the rules of several communities of religious sisters. His zealous life and the wonders he wrought, both before and after his death, testified to his sanctity. Claret is the patron saint of weavers.
Life.
Anthony Maria Claret i Clarà was born in Sallent, in the county of Bages in the Province of Barcelona, on December 23, 1807, the fifth of the eleven children of Juan and Josefa Claret. His father was a woollen manufacturer. As a child he enjoyed pilgrimages to the nearby Shrine of Our Lady of Fussimanya.
Claret received an elementary education in his native village, and at the age of twelve became a weaver. At the age of eighteen, he went to Barcelona to specialize in his trade as a Jacquard loom programmer, and remained there until he was 20 years old. Meanwhile, he devoted his spare time to study and became proficient in Latin, French and engraving.
Frightened that his love of programming was causing him to become obsessed and burned out, and recognizing a call to religious life, he left Barcelona. He wished to become a Carthusian monk but finally entered the diocesan seminary at Vic in 1829, and was ordained on June 13, 1835, on the feast of St. Anthony of Padua. He received a benefice in his native parish, where he continued to study theology until 1839; but as missionary work strongly appealed to him, he proceeded to Rome. There he entered the Jesuit novitiate but had to leave due to ill health. He then returned to Spain and exercised his pastoral ministry in Viladrau and Girona, attracting notice through his efforts on behalf of the poor. In an area despoiled by the Carlist civil war, he added the practice of rustic medicine to his other endeavors.
Recalled by his superiors to Vic, Claret was sent as Apostolic Missionary throughout Catalonia which had suffered from French invasions. He travelled from one mission to the next on foot. An eloquent preacher fluent in the Catalan language, he drew people from miles around. After a lengthy time in the pulpit, he would spend long hours in the confessional. He was said to have had the gift of discernment of consciences. In 1848 Claret's life was threatened by anti-clerical enemies and he was sent to the Canary Islands where he gave retreats for 15 months. His missions were so well attended that he often preached from an improvised pulpit in the plaza before the church.
Claretians.
On his return to Spain, he established the Congregation of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (The Claretians) on the feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel (July 16, 1849), and founded the great religious library at Barcelona which was called "Librería Religiosa" (now "Librería Claret"). Pope Pius IX gave approval to the congregation on December 22, 1865.
Archbishop.
Pope Pius IX, at the request of the Spanish crown (Queen-regnant Isabella II of Spain), appointed him archbishop of Santiago, Cuba, in 1849. He was consecrated at Vic in October 1850. Before he embarked, he made three separate pilgrimages: to Our Lady of the Pillar, patroness of Spain; to the Virgin of Montserrat, patroness of Catalonia; and to Our Lady of Fussimanya, near his home village.
The Santiago seminary was reorganized, clerical discipline strengthened, and over 9,000 marriages validated within the first two years of his arrival. He erected a hospital and numerous schools. Three times he made a visitation of the entire diocese, giving local missions incessantly. Among his great initiatives were trade or vocational schools for disadvantaged children and credit unions for the use of the poor. He wrote books about rural spirituality and agricultural methods, which he himself tested first. On August 25, 1855, he founded the Religious of Mary Immaculate together with Maria Antonia Paris. The congregation was considered as the first women religious institute in Cuba. He also visited jails and hospitals, defended the oppressed and denounced racism. His work stirred up opposition and at Holguín his cheek was stabbed by a would-be assassin, who was associated with freemasonry. Claret obtained a commutation of the assailant's death sentence to a term in prison.
Claret was an exceptional preacher with incredible charisms: witnesses said his body would become transfigured while preaching or in prayer, he would levitate up to six feet off the ground at times in front of credible witnesses, he stopped a series of earthquakes in Cuba by kneeling on the ground and placing his palms to the earth while uttering prayers, he could calm terrible storms by raising a hand to the sky and blessing the storm clouds, he experienced apparitions of both Jesus and Mary, and was even seen walking on water. In addition, a supernatural light that radiated from his body while he was saying Mass was seen by many. It was so intense at times that one witness said he saw the light radiate from his body behind the altar all the way to the sacristy. Queen Isabella of Spain even produced a written statement solemnly declaring that she had personally witnessed this phenomenon.
On September 3, 1859, Claret claimed he had heard Jesus tell him that there were three great evils that were descending upon mankind: the first was a series of enormous, horrifying wars; the second, the four powerful demons of pleasure, love of money, false reasoning and a will separated from God. Finally, in addition to a grievance he had with certain Christians who had left the church, Jesus told Claret that the third chastisement would be brought about by Communism, an unknown, fledgling movement that only had hundreds of followers at the time.
Two years after the September 3 warning, during benediction of the Blessed Sacrament in August 1861, Claret again said he was warned interiorly by Jesus that Communism was to be the great foe of humanity. The remedy, Jesus told him, would include devotion to the Blessed Sacrament (also known as the Eucharist) and the Rosary.
In February 1857, Claret was recalled to Spain by Queen Isabella II, who made him her confessor. He obtained permission to resign his Cuban see and was appointed to the titular see of Trajanopolis. His influence was now directed solely to help the poor and to propagate learning; he lived frugally and took up his residence in an Italian hospice. For nine years he was rector of the Escorial monastic school, where he established a scientific laboratory, a museum of natural history, a library, college and schools of music and languages. In 1868, a new revolution dethroned the queen and sent her with her family into exile. Claret's life was also in danger, so he accompanied her to France. This gave him the opportunity to preach the Gospel in Paris. He stayed with them for a while, then went to Rome where he was received by Pope Pius IX.
He continued his popular missions and distribution of books wherever he went in accompanying the Spanish Court. When Isabella recognized the new, secular government of a united Italy, he left the Court and hastened to take his place by the side of the pope. At the latter's command, however, he returned to Madrid with faculties for absolving the queen from the censures she had incurred.
Last years.
In 1869 he went to Rome to prepare for the First Vatican Council. Owing to failing health he withdrew to Prada de Conflent in the French Pyrenees, where he was still harassed by his Spanish enemies; shortly afterwards he retired to the Cistercian abbey at Fontfroide, Narbonne, southern France, where he died on October 24, 1870, aged 62.
His remains were buried in the Catalan city of Vic, in the County of Osona.
Works.
Anthony Mary Claret wrote 144 books. By his sermons and writings he contributed greatly to bring about the revival of the Catalan language, although most of his works were published in Spanish, especially during his stay in Cuba and Madrid.
His printed works number more than one hundred, including "La escala de Jacob"; "Máximas de moral la más pura"; "Avisos";
"Catecismo explicado con láminas"; "La llave de oro";
"Selectos panegíricos" (11 volumes); "Sermones de misión" (3 volumes); "Misión de la mujer"; "Vida de Sta. Mónica"; "La Virgen del Pilar y los Francmasones."
In addition to the Claretians, which in the early 21st century had over 450 houses and 3100 members, with missions in five continents, Archbishop Claret founded or drew up the rules of several communities of religious sisters.
Veneration.
His zealous life and the wonders he wrought, both before and after his death, testified to his sanctity. Information was sought in 1887 and he was declared venerable by Pope Leo XIII in 1899. His relics were transferred to the mission house at Vic in 1897, at which time his heart was found incorrupt. His grave is visited by many pilgrims.
Anthony Mary Claret was beatified in Rome by Pope Pius XI on February 24, 1934. He was canonized 16 years later by Pope Pius XII on May 7, 1950. Pope John XXIII included him in the General Roman Calendar in 1960, and fixed his feast on October 23, where it remained for nine years until the 1969 revision of the calendar moved it to the day of his death, October 24, which had been the feast of Saint Raphael the Archangel since 1921.
Anthony Mary Claret is the patron saint of weavers.
Educational legacy.
Many educational institutions ranging from kindergarten to undergraduate school are named after Claret and run by the Claretians in Europe, South America, Africa and Asia. They are located in Catalonia (Barcelona, Valls and Sabadell), rest of Spain (Madrid, Gran Canaria, Sevilla, and Valencia), Colombia (Cali), Dominican Republic (Santo Domingo), Peru (Trujillo, Huancayo, Arequipa and Lima), Argentina (Buenos Aires and Bahía Blanca), Venezuela (Caracas, Maracaibo and Mérida), Equatorial Guinea (Malabo), Chile (Temuco), Costa Rica (Heredia), the Philippines (Zamboanga City, Quezon City), India (Ziro), and Bangalore.


Ayesha Rubina

Ayesha Rubina (عائشہ روبینہ; born 1969) is a corporator of Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC), educationist, social entrepreneur, social worker and former co-opted member of (GHMC). She is noted for being instrumental in planning a first-of-its-kind park for special needs people in India. She provides special education to children with special needs. She actively takes part in social debates and local issues. She is based in Hyderabad, India.
Education.
Ayesha did her schooling from Holy Mary Girls High School and earned three degrees from Osmania University. She has master's degree in social work, and post graduate diploma in early childhood education and teaching from Osmania University. She had been awarded gold medal for scoring highest marks in M.A. English from Osmania University.
Social & volunteer work.
She is a professional social worker with a Master of Social Work. In recognition of her services in the field of education and social work, Ayesha was nominated to Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation as a co-opted member. In this role, she has contributed by laying out the first ward development plan, played a prominent role in planning a park for special needs persons, and initiated livelihood training for over 8,000 youth.
Ayesha has helped set up 10 schools for the underprivileged that cater to the educational needs of more than 4500 children. She also runs a school for kids with special needs. She has been in the top eight of The Times of India's "Lead India" initiative and a participant of the prestigious International Visitor Leadership Program (IVLP) of the U.S Department of State. As an Advisory Committee member, she is associated with a Center for Social Sciences, a network of people and organizations engaged in community based services through education and social services.
Greens Special School.
It is one of its kind schools that give education to children with special needs. This school provides free education to special kids. It offers medical therapies, and aims to rehabilitate & integrate these children into the mainstream. The special school is Ayesha’s pet project, and it is run by Ayesha Education Society.
Views on Girl’s Education.
Being an activist who works in the area of girls' education, Ayesha believes that the role of economically independent women has become even more challenging nowadays. She criticizes modern society for merry-making and feeling comfortable when a woman goes out to earn, but expecting her to first deliver her 'traditional' duties efficiently. She also worked towards establishing e-libraries in the city. She said that the number of students in Hyderabad's Old City area is increasing day-by-day, and education has become a priority. Therefore, libraries are need there.
Political affiliation.
Ayesha is a known figure in Hyderabad's political circles for her social work and activism for public welfare. In April 2014, a press report quoted All India Majlis-e-Ittehad-ul Muslimeen (AIMIM) supremo Asaduddin Owaisi as saying that his party is forming its Shoba-e-Khwateen (Women’s Wing). The same report noted that Ayesha was tipped to be joint convener of Women’s Wing.
International conferences/programs.
Asia-Pacific Cities Summit: In 2013, Ayesha represented the Mayor of Hyderabad in the Asia-Pacific Cities Summit held in Taiwan where she presented a paper on "Trans-City Business Coalitions" and "Local Informal Economies".
International Visitor Leadership Program: She is an alumnus of U.S. Department of State's premier leadership exchange programme - International Visitor Leadership Program (IVLP).
Awards & recognition.
1. Pearl of Hyderabad by JCI Hyderabad: Ayesha was awarded the title 'Pearl of Hyderabad' by local chapter of Junior Chamber International (JCI), a non-political and non-sectarian youth service organization.
2. IVLP (International Visitor Leadership Program) - U.S. Department of State: An alumnus of U.S. Department of State's International Visitor Leadership Program (IVLP). Ayesha represented India and was one among the 19 participants from various countries of the world. She visited 4 states- Washington D.C, Florida, Texas & California.
3. Lead India by The Times of India: Represented the city of Hyderabad in the Times of India's 'Lead India'- a nationwide talent hunt for the next generation of political leaders for India. Finished in the Final 8 of the nationwide competition.
4. Young Achiever Award by Rotary Club, Hyderabad.
5. Gold Medalist in M.A. (Masters in English) at Sarojni Naidu Vanitha Mahavidyalaya.


Peter Hersleb Harboe Castberg

Peter Hersleb Harboe Castberg (22 July 1794 – 10 June 1858) was a Norwegian priest and politician.
Personal life.
Peter Hersleb Harboe Castberg was born in Bergen as the son of Tycho Didrich Castberg (1755–1801) and his wife Helene Margaretha Calmeyer (1764–1830). He had several brothers and sisters.
Johan Castberg married Anne Margrethe Zimmer Henchel. They had five sons and three daughters, although two children died while young. Their son Johan Christian Tandberg Castberg became a customs surveyor and politician. Through him, Peter was the grandfather of politician Johan Castberg and violinist Torgrim Castberg, and great-grandfather of professor Frede Castberg. Through another son, physician Tycho Fredrik Edvard Castberg, Peter Hersleb Harboe was the father of banker Peter Harboe Castberg and sculptor Oscar Ambrosius Castberg.
Career.
Peter Hersleb Harboe Castberg worked most of his career as a vicar.
He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1830 and 1833, representing the constituency Bratsberg Amt, and in 1836, 1839 and 1842, representing the constituency "Laurvik og Sandefjord".
He died in 1858 in Copenhagen.


John Burton (priest)

John Burton was an Anglican priest in the 19th century. He was the Provost of St Ninian's Cathedral in Perth, Scotland from 1871 to 1885.


Karl Berg

Karl Berg (27 December 1908 – 1 September 1997) was an Austrian Roman Catholic cleric and Archbishop of Salzburg from 1973 to 1988.
Life.
Berg was born on 27 December 1908 in the Austrian town of Radstadt. He was ordained into priesthood on 29 October 1933. Following his selection as Archbishop of Salzburg in 1972, he was confirmed on 9 January 1973. He held the post until his retirement on 5 September 1988. From 1985 to 1988, he was president of the Austrian Bishops' Conference. He died on 1 September 1997.
His motto was Uni Trinoque Domino, which is translated from Latin as "To the One and Threefold Lord".


Frances Xavier Cabrini

Frances Xavier Cabrini (; July 15, 1850 – December 22, 1917), also called Mother Cabrini, was an Italian-American Roman Catholic nun. She founded the Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, a Catholic religious institute that was a major support to her fellow Italian immigrants to the United States. She was the first U.S. citizen to be canonized as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church, on July 7, 1946. (Elizabeth Ann Seton in 1975 became the first canonized saint who was born in what is now the United States.)
Early life.
She was born Maria Francesca Cabrini on July 15, 1850, in Sant'Angelo Lodigiano, in the Lombard Province of Lodi, then part of the Austrian Empire. She was the youngest of the thirteen children of farmers Agostino Cabrini and Stella Oldini. Only four of the thirteen survived beyond adolescence.
Born two months early, she was small and weak as a child and remained in delicate health throughout her life. During her childhood, she visited an uncle, Don Luigi Oldini of Livagra, a priest who lived beside a swift canal. While there, she made little boats of paper, dropped violets in them, called the flowers "missionaries", and launched them to sail off to India and China. At thirteen, Francesca attended a school run by the Daughters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Five years later she graduated "", with a teaching certificate.
After her parents died in 1870, she applied for admission to the Daughters of the Sacred Heart at Arluno. These sisters were her former teachers, but reluctantly, they told her she was too frail for their life. She became the headmistress of the House of Providence orphanage in Codogno, where she taught and drew a small community of women to live a religious way of life. Cabrini took religious vows in 1877 and added Xavier ("Saverio") to her name to honor the Jesuit saint, Francis Xavier, the patron saint of missionary service.
Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
In November 1880, she and seven other women who had taken religious vows with her founded the Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (M.S.C.). Cabrini composed the Rule and Constitutions of the religious institute, and she continued as its superior general until her death. The sisters took in orphans and foundlings, opened a day school to help pay expenses, started classes in needlework and sold their fine embroidery to earn a little more money. The institute established seven homes and a free school and nursery in its first five years. Its good works brought Cabrini to the attention of Giovanni Scalabrini, Bishop of Piacenza, and of Pope Leo XIII.
Mission to United States.
In September 1887, Cabrini went to seek the pope's approval to establish missions in China. Instead, he urged that she go to the United States to help the Italian immigrants who were flooding to that nation, mostly in great poverty. "Not to the East, but to the West" was his advice.
Cabrini left for the United States, arriving in New York City on March 31, 1889, along with six other sisters. In New York she encountered disappointment and difficulties. Archbishop Michael Corrigan, who was not immediately supportive, found them housing at the convent of the Sisters of Charity. She obtained the archbishop's permission to found the Sacred Heart Orphan Asylum in West Park, New York, later renamed Saint Cabrini Home.
Cabrini organized catechism and education classes for the Italian immigrants and provided for many orphans' needs. She established schools and orphanages despite tremendous odds. She was as resourceful as she was prayerful, finding people who would donate what she needed in money, time, labor, and support. In New York City, she founded Columbus Hospital, which merged with Italian Hospital to become Cabrini Medical Center from 1973 until its closure in 2008.
In Chicago, the sisters opened Columbus Hospital in Lincoln Park and Columbus Extension Hospital (later renamed Saint Cabrini Hospital) in the heart of the city's Italian neighborhood on the Near West Side. Both hospitals eventually closed in 2001–2002. Their foundress's name lives on in Chicago's Cabrini Street.
She founded 67 missionary institutions to serve the sick and poor, long before government agencies provided extensive social services – in New York; Chicago and Des Plaines, Illinois; Seattle; New Orleans; Denver and Golden, Colorado; Los Angeles; Philadelphia; and in countries throughout Latin America and Europe. Long after her death, the Missionary Sisters would achieve Cabrini's goal of being missionaries to China. In only a short time, after much social and religious upheaval there, the Sisters left China and, subsequently, a Siberian placement.
Cabrini was naturalized as a United States citizen in 1909.
Death.
Cabrini died of complications from malaria at age 67 in Columbus Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, on December 22, 1917, while preparing Christmas candy for the local children. Her body was initially interred at what became Saint Cabrini Home, the orphanage she founded in West Park, Ulster County, New York.
Veneration.
In 1933, her body was exhumed and divided as part of the process toward sainthood. At that time, her head was removed and is preserved in the chapel of the congregation's international motherhouse in Rome. Her heart is preserved in Codogno, where she founded her missionary order. An arm bone is at her national shrine in Chicago. Most of the rest of her body is at her shrine in New York.
Cabrini was beatified on November 13, 1938, by Pope Pius XI, and canonized on July 7, 1946, by Pope Pius XII. Her beatification miracle involved restoring the sight of a day-old baby who had been blinded by a 50% silver nitrate solution instead of the normal 1% solution in the child's eyes. The child, named Peter Smith (1921–2002), would later be present at her beatification and become a priest. Her canonization miracle involved the healing of a terminally ill member of her congregation. When she was canonized, an estimated 120,000 people filled Chicago's Soldier Field for a Mass of thanksgiving.
In the Roman Martyrology, her feast day is December 22, the anniversary of her death, the day ordinarily chosen as a saint's feast day. Following the reforms in Pope John XXIII's Code of Rubrics, the United States since 1961 has celebrated Cabrini's feast on November 13, the anniversary of her beatification, to avoid conflicting with the greater ferias of Advent.
In 1950, Pope Pius XII named Frances Xavier Cabrini as the patron saint of immigrants, recognizing her efforts on their behalf across the Americas in schools, orphanages, hospitals, and prisons.
Cabrini is also informally recognized as an effective intercessor for finding a parking space. As one priest explained: "She lived in New York City. She understands traffic."
Shrines.
Chicago, Illinois (National Shrine).
After Cabrini's death, her convent room at Columbus Hospital, in Chicago's Lincoln Park neighborhood, became a popular destination for the faithful seeking personal healing and spiritual comfort. Due to the overwhelming number of pilgrims after her canonization in 1946, the Archbishop of Chicago, Cardinal Samuel Stritch, commissioned a large National Shrine in her honor within the hospital complex. He dedicated the shrine in 1955.
The hospital and shrine closed in 2002 to be replaced by a high-rise development on North Lakeview Avenue. Still, the shrine and Cabrini's room were preserved and refurbished during the long demolition and construction period. They were solemnly blessed and re-dedicated by Cardinal Francis George on September 30, 2012, and reopened to the public the next day. The shrine is an architectural gem of gold mosaics, Carrara marble, frescoes, and Florentine stained glass, functioning as a stand-alone center for prayer, worship, spiritual care, and pilgrimage.
Golden, Colorado.
In 1904, Cabrini established Denver's Queen of Heaven Orphanage for girls, including many orphans of local Italian miners. In 1910, she purchased a rural property from the town of Golden, on the east slope of Lookout Mountain, as a summer camp for the girls. A small farming operation was established and maintained by three of the Sisters of the Sacred Heart. The camp dormitory, built of native rock and named the Stone House, was completed in 1914 and later listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Where Cabrini had once located an underground spring on the mountainside, a replica of the Lourdes Grotto was built in 1929, later replaced by a simpler sandstone structure. After Cabrini's canonization, the campsite officially became a shrine. Extensive additions in 1954 included a long Stairway of Prayer for pilgrims following her footpath up the mountain, marked with the Stations of the Cross, leading to a Statue of Jesus at the highest point of the site.
Queen of Heaven Orphanage closed in 1967, replaced by a system of foster care. The summer campsite became a year-round facility for retreats and small prayer gatherings. A new convent building, completed in 1970, includes housing for the resident Sisters, overnight accommodations for visitors, a chapel dedicated to the Sacred Heart, and an exhibit of artifacts and clothing once used by Cabrini. The statues and stained-glass windows of the chapel came from Villa Cabrini Academy in Burbank, California, a former school founded by the Missionary Sisters.
Upper Manhattan, New York.
The St. Frances Xavier Cabrini Shrine in the Hudson Heights neighborhood of Upper Manhattan overlooks the Hudson River, the George Washington Bridge, and the New Jersey Palisades. As Cabrini's cause for sainthood accelerated in 1933, the Missionary Sisters moved her remains from the Sacred Heart Orphanage she had founded in rural West Park, New York, to the chapel of a Catholic school she had founded in Manhattan, freshly renamed Mother Cabrini High School. When it became a popular pilgrimage site with her beatification in 1938, the Sisters enshrined the major portion of her body in a glass-enclosed coffin under the altar of the school chapel. Her 1946 canonization brought a further sustained level of public interest, so in 1957–1960 a larger shrine was built adjoining the school. When the new shrine was near completion in 1959, her remains were transferred to a large bronze-and-glass reliquary casket in the shrine's altar. She still rests in perpetual display for veneration, covered with her religious habit and a sculpted face mask and hands for more-lifelike viewing. In addition to accommodating the public, the new shrine also served Cabrini High School students as a place for their liturgies and prayer services until the school closed in 2014. "Today, the shrine continues as a center of welcome for new immigrants and pilgrims of many nationalities who come to pray and reflect."
Other shrines.
Southwark, London, England: In St George's Cathedral, Southwark, which Cabrini regularly attended during her time in London, a shrine was dedicated to her in 2009, designed by brothers Theodore, James, and Gabriel Gillick. The bronze sculpture depicts the saint watching over a group of migrants standing on a pile of suitcases.
Burbank, California, U.S.: Near the site of Villa Cabrini Academy (1937–1970), Burbank's Cabrini shrine consists of a chapel founded by Cabrini in 1916, relocated to St. Francis Xavier Church and renovated during 1973–1975, and joined by a library wing in 1993. The Italian Catholic Federation sponsors the shrine.
Lewiston, New York, U.S.: Near Niagara Falls, the Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of Fatima includes a shrine to Cabrini along the Avenues of Saints.
Lower Manhattan, New York, U.S.: Our Lady of Pompeii Church was founded in 1892 as a national parish to serve the Italian-American immigrants of Greenwich Village. Cabrini and her Missionary Sisters taught religious education there for a time, and the church now honors her with a shrine, a statue, and a stained-glass window.
Peru, New York, U.S.: In 1947, one year after Cabrini's canonization, a shrine was dedicated to her in Peru, New York. The shrine is a stone grotto located on the grounds of St. Patrick's, a mission church built in 1841 for Irish immigrants.
Scranton, Pennsylvania, U.S.: In 1899–1900, Cabrini helped to found St. Lucy parish and school for Scranton's Italian immigrants. A century later, the church dedicated a shrine in honor of St. Cabrini.


Daniel Thiagarajah

Daniel Selvaratnam Thiagarajah is a Sri Lankan Tamil bishop who is the current Bishop of Jaffna in the Church of South India.
Early life.
Thiagarajah was educated at Jaffna Central College.
Career.
Thiagarajah was consecrated as the fourth Church of South India Bishop of Jaffna on 21 August 2006. Some members of the diocese objected to the procedures used in Thiagarajah's appointment and took legal action. At point the diocesan council severed all links with the Church of South India.


Wilhelm Gegenfurtner

Wilhelm Gegenfurtner is a German Roman Catholic priest.
He was born in Teisnach, Lower Bavaria, and in 1974 became a Roman Catholic priest in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Regensburg. His work as a priest was at Geisenfeld, at the University of Regensburg. He was awarded the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in August 2005.


Henrique Lemle

Henrique Lemle (also spelled Heinrich Lemle) was a German-Brazilian rabbi associated with Reform Judaism.
Lemle was born in 1909 in Augsburg, Germany. He received his doctorate degree in 1932 and served as a rabbi in Mannheim and Frankfurt-am-Main. Under the Nazi regime, Lemle was briefly interned in the Buchenwald concentration camp until he was released through the efforts of the Joint Distribution Committee who assisted Lemle in migrating to the United Kingdom. He subsequently migrated to Brazil where his rabbinic career included his position as rabbi to the liberal Jewish community in Rio de Janeiro. He died in Brazil in 1978 at age 68.
Career.
After settling in Brazil, Lemle founded the Associacao Religiosa Israelita for Jewish immigrants. Lemle also co-founded the Christian-Jewish Fraternal Council in Brazil.
Lemle authored a number of Jewish books, including a Jewish prayerbook in Portuguese.


Philip Arnold Subira Anyolo

Philip Anyolo (born May 18, 1956, in Tongaren, Bungoma) is a Kenyan Roman Catholic Bishop who is currently serving as the Archbishop of Kisumu. He was ordained priest for the Catholic Diocese of Eldoret, Kenya, on October 15, 1983. Pope John Paul II appointed Philip Anyolo as Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kericho on December 6, 1995. He was consecrated as bishop in Kericho on February 3, 1996. Anyolo served as the Ordinary of the Catholic Diocese of Kericho, Kenya, until March 22, 2003.
On February 20, 2002, Msgr. Philip was appointed Apostolic Administrator of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Homa Bay, upon the resignation of Rt. Rev. Linus Okok Okwach. On March 22, 2003, Pope John Paul II appointed him as the second Bishop of that diocese; he was installed on May 23, 2003.
He has served as the Chairperson of the Kenya Conference of Catholic Bishops.
He was appointed Archbishop of Kisumu on November 15, 2018 and installed on January 12, 2019.


James Bellord

James Bellord (26 February 1846 – 11 June 1905) was an English-born Roman Catholic bishop who served as the Vicar Apostolic of Gibraltar from 1899 to 1905.
Born in London, England on 26 February 1846, he served as a military chaplain. He was appointed the Vicar Apostolic of Gibraltar and Titular Bishop of "Milevum" by Pope Leo XIII on 16 February 1899. His consecration to the Episcopate took place on 1 May 1899; the principal consecrator was the Right Reverend James Laird Patterson, Auxiliary Bishop of Westminster, with the Right Reverend Robert Brindle, Auxiliary Bishop of Westminster (later Bishop of Nottingham) and the Right Reverend Francis Bourne, Bishop of Southwark (later Cardinal-Archbishop of Westminster), serving as co-consecrators.
Bishop Bellord resigned in 1901 and died at Southend on 11 June 1905, aged 59.


Rita Lopes de Almeida

Rita Lopes de Almeida (5 March 1848 – 6 January 1913) - in religion Rita Amada de Jesus - was a Portuguese professed religious and the founder of the "Sisters of Jesus, Mary and Joseph" religious congregation. She spread the faith in the spirit of evangelization across Portugal despite a period of anti-religious sentiment and even received some intimidating threats during the course of her apostolate due to this; her order was dedicated to tending to girls and it ferried them off to their parents when anti-religious sentiment intensified.
Her beatification was celebrated in mid-2006 in her native Portugal.
Life.
Rita Lopes de Almeida was born on 5 March 1848 as the fourth of five children to Manuel Lopes and Josefa de Jesus Almeida. Her baptism was celebrated on the following 13 March. She would recite rosaries each night with her parents and siblings over the course of her childhood.
She spent a brief period of time with the Benedictines at Viseu and travelled from parish to parish to encourage people to make their faith an integral part to their lives. This saw men propose to her - though she refused each offer - and she even received death threats for her active apostolate. In 1877 she joined the sole functioning religious order at that time - the Sisters of Charity - but did not find it to be fulfilling so left it. On 24 September 1880 she founded the "Sisters of Jesus, Mary and Joseph" in order to dedicate her time to the care of poor and abandoned girls. In 1910 - after the establishment of the Republic of Portugal - there was a period of persecution of Christians and so with the sisters managed to move the children their parents before something violent ensured.
She had an intense devotion to both Saint Joseph and the Sacred Heart. She also harbored an admiration for Pope Pius IX and saw similarities between the situation in her homeland to the suffering the pope underwent at the time. Her order later received on 10 May 1902 the papal approval of Pope Leo XIII.
Almeida died in 1913 after a period of ill health.
Beatification.
The process for beatification commenced on 2 September 1991 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" to the cause and therefore titled her as a Servant of God while the diocesan process opened on 4 December 1991 and concluded on 23 October 1994; this process later received full C.C.S. validation on 7 April 1995 while the C.C.S. received the official Positio dossier from the postulation in 1997. the congress of the theologians met on 13 May 2003 and issued their approval to the cause while on 11 November 2003 the C.C.S. itself also voted in favor of the cause; Pope John Paul II proclaimed Almeida to be Venerable on 20 December 2003 after he confirmed that the late religious had indeed lived a model life of heroic virtue.
The process for the single miracle needed for her beatification was investigated from 27 July 1998 until its closure on 13 August 1998 while later receiving C.C.S. validation on 19 February 1999. A medical board issued approval for it on 11 March 2004 while theologians also approved it on 7 September 2004 as did the C.C.S. on 9 November 2004. John Paul II issued final approval on 20 December 2004 which paved the path for her beatification which took place on 28 May 2006 in Portugal; Cardinal José Saraiva Martins presided on the behalf of Pope Benedict XVI.
The current postulator for this cause is Paolo Vilotta.


Peter Hersleb Graah Birkeland

Peter Hersleb Graah Birkeland (14 January 1807–5 January 1896) was a Norwegian priest in the Church of Norway. He served as Bishop of the Diocese of Bjørgvin from 1864–1880.
Early life and family.
Peter Birkeland was born in the village of Borgund in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. He was the son of Lars Birkeland and Johanne Hellem Baade. He came from a family of ministers. His father was the chaplain at Borgund Church at the time of his birth and his maternal grandfather had also been a priest. In 1821 he went to Bergen Cathedral School and he graduated with a Cand.theol. degree in 1832.
In 1836 he married Severine Elise Angell Gram in the Nidaros Cathedral. The couple had nine children, although some died in their youth. Their son Lauritz married Elen Lovise Augusta Kildal, a daughter of Peter Wessel Wind Kildal, niece of Peter Daniel Baade Wind Kildal, and sister of Birger Kildal.
Career.
Peter Birkeland started his professional career as a priest in the Church of Norway in 1833. His first job was in 1833 when he was named the parish priest for Fosnes Church in Fosnes. In 1837, he was called to be the Dean of the Namdalen deanery in Nord-Trøndelag county, a post he served until 1841. His next job was in Bergen where he served as the priest for the "Tugthuset og Slaveriet" (prison) parish in Bergen from 1841–1848. In 1848, Birkeland was named as the first pastor to the Hetland Church parish. It was in this post where he became acquainted with Haugean movement. In 1842 he was one of the co-founders of the Norwegian Missionary Society in Stavanger.
He served in Hetland from 1848 until 1864 when he was appointed Bishop of the Diocese of Bjørgvin, based in Bergen. During his time as bishop, he consecrated 81 new churches in the diocese.
He retired from the ministry in 1880, having served 16 years as Bishop. He died on 5 January 1896 in Kristiania.


Mariam Veiszadeh

Mariam Veiszadeh (born 1984) is an Afghan-born Australian lawyer and writer known her anti-racism campaigns. A member of the Australian Muslim community, she been described as a "typically assertive Australian woman" by ABC News.
Affiliations.
She is the founder and former president of Islamophobia Register Australia, which describes itself as "a secure and reliable service that allows people from across Australia to report any form of Anti-Muslim abuse", and an official Ambassador for Welcome to Australia and Participate Australia.
Veiszadeh sits on the Board of Our Watch, a national organisation established to drive nationwide change in the culture, behaviours and power imbalances that lead to violence against women and their children.
Early life and education.
Veiszadeh was born in Kabul, Afghanistan in 1984. In 1988, when Veiszadeh was four years old, her family fled Afghanistan during the Soviet–Afghan War. Her family arrived in Australia in 1987 via India, the Czech Republic, and Germany, and were granted asylum in 1991 under the Refugee and Special Humanitarian Program.
Veiszadeh earned a dual Bachelor of Laws and Bachelor Economics degree from Western Sydney University.
Social media.
Trolling campaign.
Veiszadeh became a victim of Joshua Ryne Goldberg, who was later convicted by the U.S. Government of attempting a bombing on the 14th anniversary of 9/11. Goldberg posted to "The Daily Stormer," a neo-Nazi website, under the pseudonym "Michael Slay", and contributed to feminist blog Feministing under the pseudonym "Tanya Cohen".
He promoted an illusory friendship between "Australi Witness" (his pro-ISIL Twitter account) and Veiszadeh, with the objective of smearing Veiszadeh's reputation. Under the name "Michael Slay", Goldberg wrote the majority of articles on "The Daily Stormer" criticising Veiszadeh, including the initial piece criticising her stance on a shirt, sold by Woolworths, that read 'If You Don't Love It Leave'. Upon learning the true identity of the writer, website owner Andrew Anglin removed all content by Goldberg.
Recognition.
Veiszadeh was named 2016 Fairfax Daily Life Woman of the Year and was selected by "Elle Magazine Malaysia" as one of 12 women who were helping "change the world" for International Women's Day 2015, alongside Michelle Obama and Angelina Jolie.
In Australia, Get Up, an independent, community advocacy organisation featured her with Rosie Batty, 2015 Australian of the Year, for ‘making it happen’. Veiszadeh was also featured in "Elle Magazine Australia" for their #WeAreWomen campaign
and was a finalist in the Daily Life Women of the Year Awards as well as being awarded Westpac’s ‘Woman of Influence’ Award in
2015.
In December 2015, Veiszadeh was awarded the “Role Model of the Year” and “Woman of the Year” at the 9th Australian Muslim Achievement Awards.


Lauren Booth

Lauren Booth (born Sarah Jane Booth; 22 July 1967) is an English broadcaster, journalist and activist holding a VIP Palestinian Authority passport as well as a British passport.
Early life.
Sarah Jane Booth was born and grew up in North London. Booth is a half-sister of Cherie Blair, wife of former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, and the sixth daughter of actor Tony Booth. She trained as an actress at the London Academy of Performing Arts and then spent several years touring Europe with various regional theatre companies.
Booth was not raised in any religion, yet her mother was Jewish and never married her partner, Booth's father Tony. Booth has a sister, Emma, and five other half-sisters.
Media career.
In 1997, she entered journalism. Her earliest writing experiences were with the "London Evening Standard", writing the column ‘About Town’. In 1999, she began to write for the political magazine, the "New Statesman", where she remained for four years. At the same time, she began writing columns and features for "The Mail on Sunday" as a columnist. Booth was a writer for the "New Statesman".
In 2006, she was a contestant on the ITV reality show, "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!".
Between 2006 and 2008 Booth presented "In Focus" on the UK's Islam Channel. She has had a long association with the Iranian owned Press TV, starting with "Between The Headlines" in 2008. Between 2010 and 2012 she presented "Remember Palestine" and "Diaspora".
In 2014, she presented her own series on the newly launched British Muslim TV, called "Talking Booth". In 2014, she took a senior producer post at Al Jazeera in Doha, and was let go a few months later.
Activism.
She was a vocal opponent of the Iraq War giving speeches at many rallies against the invasion. She is an outspoken activist and a supporter of the Stop the War Coalition.
In August 2008 she traveled to Gaza by ship from Cyprus, along with 46 other activists, to highlight the blockade of the Gaza Strip and deliver hearing aids and balloons to a school for the deaf in Gaza. She was subsequently refused entry into both Israel and Egypt. She claimed that by refusing her the right to leave Gaza and return to her home country, Israel was in breach of Article 13 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, specifically regarding freedom of movement.
Booth stated that Gaza is "the largest concentration camp in the world today", although "The Jerusalem Post" suggested that several photographs of Booth in a well-stocked Gaza grocery "bel[ied] the grim picture she painted of the Strip". During her visit, she received a Palestinian VIP passport from Hamas Prime Minister Ismail Haniya. Booth left Gaza through the Rafah Border Crossing into Egypt on 20 September 2008. In 2009, she returned to Gaza with the aid convoy Viva Palestina, set up by the British politician George Galloway. Since 2012 she has returned on several occasions as the Chair of Trustees with the charity she co-founded, Peace Trail, delivering assistance to students and families in the region.
Conversion to Islam.
In 2010, Booth converted to Islam a few years after her visit to Palestine, and became a practising Muslim. Booth appeared at the Islam Channel's Global Peace and Unity event on 23 October 2010, wearing a hijab, stating: "My name is Lauren Booth, and I am a Muslim." She attributed her awakening to her experiences in Palestine as a reporter.
In June 2011, Booth joined Cageprisoners as a patron. However, from 2015 Booth was no longer a patron of the organisation.
Lauren Booth, another trustee of Peacetrail and the chief executive, her husband Sohale Ahmed, were disqualified from holding any trustee positions after the Charity Commission could not account for about half Peacetrail's income.


Peter Arok

Peter Bol Arok is the current bishop of the Anglican Church of South Sudan.


Viper (rapper)

Lee Arthur Carter (born October 7, 1971), known professionally by his stage name Viper, is an American rapper and producer. Viper has been producing music since childhood, but he received widespread attention online for his 2008 album, "You'll Cowards Don't Even Smoke Crack". The prolific nature of his work, together with his commitment to self-production, has garnered him a cult following as an outsider artist, with comparisons drawn to rapper Lil B and musician Wesley Willis.
Biography.
Early life.
Viper was born in El Dorado, Arkansas. He began playing the piano at the age of five. At the age of six, he relocated to the Hiram Clarke neighborhood of Houston, Texas and started rapping at the age of nine. In 1997, he was an actor in the film "Fifth Ward", directed by his brother, Greg Carter.
Music career.
While Viper reportedly started rapping as a child, his first musical appearance was on the soundtrack for Fifth Ward, under the name "J-Ride."
Originally under the artist name Lee Dogg, Viper released his first album, "Lee Dogg" on October 7, 2003, which would later be renamed "Hustlin' Thick". The album was created mostly in collaboration with various artists signed to local music label Dope House Records at the time, who Viper thanks multiple times in the liner notes. Viper planned to continue releasing albums under the Lee Dogg name and had numerous plans for collaborations, but for unknown reasons this never happened, and he retroactively changed both the name of his album to "Hustlin' Thick" and his artist name to Viper.
Viper continued to release mixtapes regularly throughout the early 2000s under his Rhyme Time Records label through the CD Baby website, becoming one of the first cloud rap artists. Throughout this period he showed frustration at his obscurity and limited exposure, as detailed on one of his early songs "9900 Haters On The Wall", where he claimed out of ten thousand people who heard his albums on the site, only a hundred had bought them.
His obscurity would continue until early 2013, when the title track of his album "You'll Cowards Don't Even Smoke Crack," released in 2008, was posted onto YouTube. Since then it has garnered over three million views, and news outlets started reporting on him shortly after. "You'll Cowards Don't Even Smoke Crack" is by far Viper's most popular album. University of Notre Dame newspaper "The Observer" noted that the album became an "internet meme due to its shockingly upfront title and unique album cover".
Despite the heavily independent and lo-fi nature of the album, it received positive coverage in the music press. "Sputnik Music" wrote that the album fuses "a nostalgic and ethereal blend of cloud rap and vaporwave". "The Chicago Reader" wrote that the album is "outsider-artist genius. People on the Internet are initially drawn to Viper because of his blatant disregard for grammar, outrageously violent and drugcentric lyrics, and how sonically bizarre he is in general."
Since then, Viper has remained active, releasing almost an album per day on average in 2014, often consisting of recycled or chopped and screwed material, while making his music available on Spotify and iTunes and giving interviews to the local music press. As of 2020, he has released about 1,042 albums, although only approximately 15 or so consist of solely original material. In early 2019, he created a new YouTube channel, RapperViper VEVO, as a collaborative project with his new video editor.
Personal life.
Carter has four children; one born in 2002, two with his ex-wife, and the most recent being born in October 2020. He claims to believe he is the second Christ, and refers to himself as "Black Jesus" and is a devout Christian. In June 2016, Carter suffered pneumonia as a result of him wearing a contraption he calls "" or THOD which is, in fact, small women's body wraps he wears constantly in order to "make small".
Style.
His low-budget, DIY aesthetic is present not only in his music but also its accompanying videos and album art, which frequently consist of simple self-portraits, clip art and his name and the album title superimposed in plain text.
Musically, he is recognized for his deep voice, occasional use of autotune, and slowed-down, low-fidelity and glitchy and ethereal production typical of cloud rap or the chopped and screwed subgenre native to Viper's Houston scene.
Partial discography.
During his career, Viper has released over 1500 albums. However, most of these just have previous songs that have been chopped and screwed, slowed down, or simply recycled and put under different names. Therefore, only a part of his discography has been listed below.
Primary original Viper albums are marked in bold.


Bernd Wallet

Bernd Wallet serves as the 84th Archbishop-elect of Utrecht of the Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands. Elected on 15 February 2020, his episcopal consecration was first scheduled for 21 June, but postponed because of the COVID-19 pandemic. On 23 October 2020, the Metropolitan Chapter of Utrecht announced that the consecration, which had been scheduled for 7 November 2020 (the Feast of St Willibrord, the first bishop of Utrecht), had to be cancelled a second time.
Life and career.
The son of a Protestant pastor, Wallet converted to Old Catholicism and completed his theological studies at the University of Hull in 2005 and from the Old Catholic Seminary in Amersfoort in 2006. He was ordained a deacon in 2006 by Archbishop John Sentamu of the Anglican Diocese of York. One year later, he was ordained a priest by Archbishop Joris Vercammen at St. Gertrude Cathedral in Utrecht.
From 2007 to 2010, Wallet served as assistant curate in Northallerton, in the Diocese of York. Upon his return to the Netherlands, he served as personal assistant to Archbishop Vercammen, responsible for external relations with other Old Catholic Churches of the Union of Utrecht and the Anglican Church.
Wallet served as pastor of St. Gertrude Cathedral in Utrecht from 2015 to 2020. On 15 February 2020, he was elected Archbishop of Utrecht by the Cathedral Chapter of Utrecht. At that time, he shared, "I want to challenge our parishes to be open houses for those in their areas...We must continue to be open to society and testify with joy to the hope that is in us."
Wallet is married and has four children.


Mathias Bonsach Krogh

Mathias Bonsach Krogh (4 October 1754 – 2 September 1828) was a Norwegian clergyman who served as the first Bishop of the Diocese of Hålogaland. Krogh was also a member of the first ordinary Parliament of Norway.
Biography.
Krogh was born Vadsø in Finnmark, Norway. He was the son of Truls Krogh and Else Marie, née Bonsach. Krogh was educated at the University of Copenhagen. He received his candidatus theologiæ degree in 1779.
He began his career as the parish priest at Lenvik in Troms, a post he held from 1782 until 1788. From 1788 until 1798 he was the parish priest at Vågan in Nordland. Then, from 1798 until 1804, he was the parish priest at Ørland in Sør-Trøndelag.
On 6 January 1804, Krogh became the first Bishop of the Diocese of Hålogaland (called "Tromsø Stift"). Until then, this area had been under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Nidaros. Krogh moved to Alstahaug in Nordland, where he made the Alstahaug Church ("Alstahaug kirke"), the seat of the diocese. From 1805 until 1812 he served concurrently as parish priest of Alstahaug.
Krogh was elected as a representative to the first ordinary Parliament of Norway in 1815, which followed the 1814 Constitution. He served from 1815 until 1817 representing Northern Norway. His active efforts, also in parliament, contributed to the establishment of Bodø as the first market town in Nordland.
Krogh received the Order of the Dannebrog in 1812 and, when the Danish-Norwegian union was dissolved and Norway entered a union with Sweden, received the Swedish Order of the Polar Star in 1815.
Krogh remained bishop until his death in 1828. He was buried at the graveyard at Alstahaug Church.


David Butterfield

 David John Butterfield (born 1 January 1952) is an ordained Minister in the Church of England.
Butterfield was educated at Belle Vue Boys’ Grammar School; Royal Holloway College; and St John's College, Nottingham. He was ordained in 1977 before embarking on an ecclesiastical career. He was curate of Christ Church, Southport (1977–1981); Resident Minister of St Thomas' Church, Aldridge (1981-1991);Vicar of Lilleshall, Muxton and Sheriffhales (1991–2002) and of Lilleshall and Muxton (2002-2007). During those 15 years in Shropshire a new St John's Church and Community Centre was opened in Muxton in 1998.
He served as Archdeacon of the East Riding from 2007 to 2014. He was then appointed by the Archbishop of York to the post of Archdeacon for Generous Giving and Stewardship (and a Residentiary Canon of York Minster) from 2014 until his retirement on 1 July 2017. He now lives with his wife in Ripon, North Yorkshire.


Richard Kerrin

The Very Rev Richard Elual Kerrin (4 July 1898 – 4 November 1988) was Dean of Aberdeen and Orkney from 1956 to 1969.
The son of a clergyman, he was educated at Robert Gordon's College and the University of Aberdeen. After wartime service with the Artists' Rifles he was ordained in 1923. Following a curacy at Old Saint Paul's, Edinburgh he held Incumbencies at Inverurie, Stirling and Fraserburgh He then served as Rector of St John's Aberdeen from 1954 to 1969 during which he was appointed as Dean of the Diocese between 1954 and 1969. After retirement from the full-time ministry, he served at Alford until ill-health forced him to retire permanently.


Guglielmo Adeodato

Guglielmo Adeodato (died 1540) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Lesina (1539–1540).
Biography.
On 17 October 1539, Guglielmo Adeodato was appointed during the papacy of Paul III as Bishop of Lesina.
He served as Bishop of Lesina until his death in 1540.


Manfred Swarsensky

Manfred Erich Swarsensky (October 22, 1906 in Marienfließ in Pomerania – November 10, 1981 in Madison, Wisconsin) was a German-American rabbi.
Biography.
Born in Marienfließ in Pomerania (renamed Marianowo after 1945), Prussia, Swarsensky gained a PhD from the Higher Institute for Jewish Studies in Berlin in 1929. He became a liberal Rabbi with "Jüdische Gemeinde zu Berlin", the Jewish unity congregation comprising the bulk of Jewish faithful in Berlin and combining Jews of mainstream (also called liberal, in today's English terminology 'conservative'), Orthodox and Reform affiliation. In 1938 the Nazis burned his preferred synagogue on Prinzregentenstraße and imprisoned him in Sachsenhausen concentration camp.
In February 1940 Swarsensky emigrated to the United States. For the next thirty-six years he worked as Rabbi for Temple Beth El, a Reform synagogue in Madison, Wisconsin. He married Ida Weiner (January 22, 1918 – June 15, 2010) in 1952 and had two children. Swarsensky died of cancer at the University of Wisconsin Hospital on November 10, 1981.
The Manfred E. Swarsensky Humanitarian Service Award, awarded for outstanding voluntary contributions on behalf of race relations, women's health, conservation or public service, is named after him and is awarded annually by the Rotary Club of Madison, of which Rabbi Swarsensky was a member.
Rabbi Swarsensky also served as Chair of Jewish Learning while teaching at Edgewood College.


Patrick Anderson (Jesuit)

Patrick Anderson (1575–1624) was a Scottish Jesuit, known as a missioner, college head, and author.
Life.
Anderson was a native of Elgin or Moray, his mother being a sister of John Lesley. After a basic education at Elgin grammar school, and a course of classical study at the University of Edinburgh, he entered the Society of Jesus at Rome in 1597.
In time Anderson acquired a reputation as linguist, mathematician, philosopher, and divine. Sent to Scotland as a missioner, he arrived via London where he was in November 1609. He had hairbreadth escapes from the authorities. He left Scotland for Paris to meet his superior, James Gordon, late in 1611; at that time there was only a single Catholic priest in Scotland. Anderson gathered nearly a hundred young Scots as candidates for the priesthood, and in 1615 he became the first Jesuit rector of the Scotch College in Rome.
Returning to Scotland, Anderson was betrayed, and committed to the Old Tolbooth, Edinburgh. During his confinement there he held several disputations with Presbyterian divines. Threatened with the torture of the boot, he was liberated by the intercession, it was thought, of the French ambassador Antoine Coiffier-Ruzé, marquis d'Effiat, who chose him for his confessor. He died in London 24 September 1624.
Works.
Anderson's works are:
Augustin de Backer mentioned, in his list of Anderson's works, "Copia de las Cartas que se embiaron de Escocia a nuestro Padre Claudio Aquaviva, Preposito general de la Compañia de Jesus, por un Padre de Escocia, de la misma Compañia a quatro de Enero del año 1612. Por este relacion se puede ver el estado bueno de las cosas de la Christianidad de Escocia, fol. 10 ff. De Escocia, á quatro de Enero, 1612. De V. P. hijo, y siervo indigno Patricio Andersono".