Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University is a public funded agricultural university located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is the biggest agricultural university in Asia. The university has 8645 acres of land (around 7219 acres at main campus, 1426 acres at outstations). It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh.
It was initially a satellite campus of Punjab Agricultural University at Hisar. It was established as a university by Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, ratified 2 February 1970 and was named as Haryana Agricultural University. So basically it is considered as the first established university of state Haryana. On 31 October 1991, it was renamed as Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University. A. L. Fletcher was the first vice-chancellor of the university.
The university publishes the largest number of research papers among agricultural universities in India. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997 and in 2017. It contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India.
Golden Jubilee Year celebrations started in the university on 2 February 2019 and ended on 1 February 2020 marking the 50 glorious years of service towards mankind.
Location.
It is located about 5 km from the Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology; 4 km from the Blue Bird Lake; 2 km from the bus station along the National Highway 9, (old NH 10) 1 km from the town center & main market area; 100 meter from Mahabir Stadium; 1 km from Hisar Junction railway station, 6 km from the Hisar Airport; 167 km from the Indira Gandhi International Airport; 180 km from the New Delhi railway station; and 235 km from the Chandigarh International Airport.
The main campus of CCS HAU has four gates, Gate No-1 near Mahabir Stadium, Gate No-2 and Gate No-3 behind Campus School and next to Giri Centre respectively both on the MDR107 Balsamand road, and Gate No-4 on NH52 Rajgarh road.
History.
According to the data maintained by the Government of India's Department of Statistics, the HAU's Department of Agronomy was established in 1930 and department of Entomology was founded in 1956 in Punjab Agricultural University.
In February 1948, the Punjab College of Veterinary Sciences was opened at Railway Road Hisar in a rented building which was shared with the Govt College Hisar from 1950 onward. In 1961, the Punjab College of Veterinary Sciences later moved to the Government Livestock Farm, Hisar and it eventually came under the Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) as a satellite campus when PAU was established in 1962. In 1962, the College of Agriculture was established. In 1964, the College of Basic Sciences and Humanities was established. In 1966, the College of Animal Sciences was established. In 1966, when Haryana was formed, it was declared as an autonomous institution. On 2 February 1970, it was ratified and established as a university by Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, and was named as Haryana Agricultural University, with A. L. Fletcher as its first Vice-Chancellor. The four constituent colleges of HAU located at Hisar, namely, College of Agriculture, College of Basic Sciences, College of Animal Sciences and College of Veterinary Sciences became a part of Haryana Agricultural University. In 1971, A regional campus of the university was opened at Kaul in 1971. In 1972, the College of Sports and in 1973 the College of Home Science were established. In 1973, College of Home Sciences was added. On 31 October 1991, the HAU was renamed as "Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University". In 1992, the College of Agricultural Engineering was established.
In 2010, College of Veterinary Sciences and College of Animal Sciences were separated from the university and became a part of the newly formed Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS).
Administration.
Board of Management is the main policy making body responsible for the management of the university. The Governor of Haryana is the Chancellor of the university and the Honorary Chairman of the Board of Management. The Vice-Chancellor is the working chairman of the board, and is the principal executive and academic head of the university. Official members include the secretaries of agriculture, finance and community development of the Government of Haryana. Non-official members are also nominated by the Government of Haryana. Director of Agriculture and Director of Animal Husbandry of the Government of Haryana act as Technical Advisors whereas the Registrar is the Secretary of the Board.
The Office of the Registrar is responsible for academics, employees and faculty related affairs of the university. The Office of the Comptroller is responsible for finance, investment, budget and expenditure related affairs of the university and Directorate of Students Welfare is responsible for housing, boarding and welfare of the students and for various non-academic activities. The supreme academic authority is the Academic Council, chaired by the Vice-Chancellor. There are Board of Studies headed by Deans, one for each college in the university. There are some Non Statutory Committees to assist the general administration.
Campus Core.
The development plan of the University is based on the concept of a Central Campus Core around which academic buildings for various colleges, schools and departments, residential, recreational and common facilities such as Faculty House and Club, Farmers' Hostel, Students' Hostel, Hospital, Shopping Centre etc., are built. The buildings comprising the Core are Gandhi Bhawan, Nehru Library, Indira Gandhi Auditorium and the Administration Building, situated on three sides of great Plazza, the greater part of which is four feet above ground level.
The main campus of the University is situated at Hisar at a distance of162 km North-West of Delhi on National Highway No.10 and is 2 km from the railway station and 3 km from the Bus Stand. University is spread over an area of 7219 Acres at Hisar and 1426 Acres at outstations. Area at Hisar under farms is 6483 Acres and under buildings and roads is 736 Acres.
HAU has a central campus core formed by Fletcher Bhawan, Gandhi Bhawan (built 1975-78), Indira Gandhi Auditorium (built 1982-85) and Nehru Library, around which the other buildings and facilities are built. The university has a total land of 29.15 km² (12.91 km² at the main campus at Hisar, 10.68 km² Dr. Ramdhan Singh Seed Production Farm at Hisar, and 5.56 km² at outstations).
Facilities.
Spread over an area of 298 hectares, the university has six constituent colleges viz. College of Agriculture, College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, College of Veterinary Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities and College of Home Science. Each college building is a complete institution in itself having large number of lecture rooms, laboratories, auditorium, seminar rooms, audio-visual Laboratories, computer facilities etc.
To accommodate administrative staff, the University has an administrative block known as Fletcher Bhawan. Directorate of Extension Education along with the Directorate of Publications is housed in a double storeyed spacious building named Gandhi Bhawan. Adjacent to Gandhi Bhawan is the Dean, Postgraduate Studies Block housing Dean PGS staff.
In addition to the colleges, the university campus has the following facilities:
Regional centres.
The university has research facilities spread throughout the state of Haryana.
Directorate.
Farm Information and Communication Service:
The Farm Information and Communication Service of the Directorate provides audio-visual and mass media support to the various wings, sections and departments of the University. This Unit also organizes Exhibitions, Kisan Mela, Farm Darshan etc. at State, Zonal and District levels in collaboration with other two wings of the Directorate & other departments/colleges.
Publication Unit: Like other units, publication unit including Press and Photography is also one of the important units. Monthly magazine Haryana Kheti, based on research evidences and experiences of the subject matter experts is published by the Unit. Other publications like Package of Practices Kharif, Rabi and Horticultural & Vegetable crops, Animal Husbandry and Home Science and other extension literature are published to provide need based, problem oriented information to the farming community. The magazine and other publications are supplied by the publication unit to the subscribers on payment basis. The University Press caters to the printing work of the University as a whole.
Haryana Rural Antique Museum.
The Haryana Rural Antique Museum in Gandhi Bhawan, established by this unit, exhibits evolution of agriculture and vanishing antiques.
Jahaj Kothi Museum, named after George Thomas, is located inside Firoz Shah Palace Complex and maintained by Archaeological Survey of India. The Rakhigarhi Indus Valley Civilisation Museum is located at Rakhigarhi, which is an Indus Valley Civilisation site 60 km away, also has a museum developed by the state government.
Agri Business Incubation Centre (ABIC).
The Agri Business Incubation Centre, CCSHAU was established as a business incubator with INR11.75 crore funding by the NABARD to encourage startup value-addition entrepreneurship, training and guidance to the youth. Its foundation stone was laid on 2 February 2018. To generate employment and to double the farmer's income, ABIC will act as single-window access for consultancy, incubation, initial business proposal development, procurement of resources and finance, risk mitigation, etc.
Agricultural Extension Centres (AEC).
The CCSHAU Directorate of Extension Education started establishing Krishi Gyan Kendra (Agricultural Knowledge Centres) in districts of the state of Haryana from 1966, with funding from Indian Council of Agricultural Research. In 1989, the new extension centres were named as Krishi Vigyan Kendra (Farm Service Centres) and since then one Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) was established in each district of Haryana, to disseminate information and to provide vocational training in the relevant technologies among farmers, rural youth and rural development agencies. There are a total of 11 KGKs and 19 KVKs (c. 2012).
The first Kisan Sewa Kendra (Agricultural Technology Information Centre) was established at the university main campus in 2002, and currently there are a total of three Kisan Sewa Kendra (KSKs) (c. 2012) with Toll-free helpline agricultural services for the farmers. Seeds of various crops, fruits, vegetables, fertilisers and Animal products are provided to farmers at subsidised rates through these centres.
Deendyal Upadhaya Centre of Excellence for Organic Farming (DUCEOF).
The non-profit Deendyal Upadhaya Centre of Excellence for Organic Farming, attached with the dairy, was established on 139 acres of land on 31 October 2017 to promote and impart the training in the organic farming. The organic produce will be sold in the National Capital Region.
Colleges.
Main campus.
HAU has four colleges in the main campus at Hisar:
Research stations.
There are two additional research stations and colleges of Agriculture.
Kaul Agriculture Research stations.
It is located at Kaul in Kaithal district.
Bawal Research stations.
It is located at Jhabuwa near Bawal in Rewari district.
Academics.
The institute offers undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral programs. Undergraduate programs award BSc (Hons) and BTech in various agricultural fields. Postgraduate programmes award MSc and M.B.A. programme. and there is also PhD programme.
Admission to the undergraduate programmes (except BSc Home Science and BTech in Agricultural Engineering) is through a Common Entrance Test that includes questions on Physics, Chemistry and Biology/Mathematics/Agriculture. Admission is offered in July in order of merit in two counseling sessions. 75% of positions are offered to residents of Haryana, and the rest 25% are filled through an all-India entrance test organized by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. The seats for BTech in Agricultural Engineering are filled through [JEE] and exam by Indian Council of Agricultural Research.
Laboratories.
The university has laboratories that provide facilities like DNA sequencing, UV trans-illuminator, PCR, FT-IR, gene gun, gene pulser, electron microscope, plasma spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, chromatography etc. Screen house, green house and transgenic green house are also available to researchers.
Experimental farms.
The university has an experimental farm of 9.94 km² at the main campus, and ten experimental farms at regional research stations, a total area of 5.68 km². These farms have both canal and tubewell irrigation facilities. Recently, the Government of Haryana has provided additional land of 16.08 km² to the university exclusively for seed production.
Printing Press.
There is a full-fledged University Press to cater to the needs of printing of University publications like Haryana Kheti in Hindi and Haryana Farming in English. Besides above, several books in Hindi like Package of Practices for Rabi and Kharif Crops and Preservation, Package of Practices for Kharif Crops in English are printed in HAU Press. Some publications have also been printed on behalf of Commission for Scientific and Technical Terminology, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Govt. of India, New Delhi.
Students Facilities.
The University has well planned systematically laid out hostel facilities catering to the needs of undergraduate and postgraduate students. The hostel accommodation is sufficient enough to house each of the student on the University roll. There are separate hostels for in service and foreign . University has a two-room set married hostel for married students located in the residential complex. There is a farmers' hostel just close to the Faculty House with same level of facilities for the farmers visiting the University. The Faculty House of the University can provide accommodation to about 72 persons at a time. Similarly, farmers' hostel could accommodate about 76 persons at its full occupancy. In addition to these modern housing accommodations, there is spacious Kisan Ashram catering to the needs of the farmer trainees attending different short-term courses organized by the Directorate of Extension Education from time to time.
Along with the official buildings, University has 1220 units of residential buildings (970 at Hisar and 242 at outstations) distributed into different categories
Hostel Facilities.
Accommodation is provided in 15 hostels of the University out of which 13 hostels (8 for Male 4 for Female and 1 for married PG students) are situated at Hisar and two hostels, one each for male/female at Kaul campus.
Giri Centre for Sports Activities.
The Giri Centre, also housing Sports Authority of India's (SAI) "Sports Training Centre", for students sports activities is an outstanding feature of this University. Since 2001 it has dedicated "center of excellence" for several sports, including the "Center of Excellence for Wrestling" named after Sakshi Malik, hockey, boxing and judo. It also has two indoor badminton courts with a seating capacity for 600 spectators, two indoor squash courts, hobby rooms, two multipurpose indoor gymnasium with a reasonable seating capacity. A synthetic athletics and hockey track of international standard has been built.
Co-curricular Activities.
The Directorate of Students' Welfare is also responsible for promotion of all co-curricular activities such as Sports, NCC, NSS, Mountaineering, Graphic Arts, Literary, Music, Dance, Drama, NIS, etc. For promotion of these activities, various trainings are arranged from time to time.
Medical Services.
There is a well-equipped 50-bed hospital on the main campus at Hisar and 3 dispensaries at out-station i.e. College of
Agriculture, Kaul (Kaithal), Regional Research Stations, Karnal and Bawal. The hospital at main campus has 5 doctors and a dentist. Round-the-clock medical aid is provided to the students, staff and other trainees.
Research and extension activities.
The university publishes the largest number of research papers among agricultural universities in India. It has four official publications: "HAU Journal of Research", "Haryana Veterinarian", "Haryana Kheti", and "Thesis Abstracts". A Kisan Mela (Farmers' Fair) is organized every year in March to promote the spread of agricultural technology among farmers. HAU has released about 250 varieties of wheat, barley, rice, maize, millets, forage crops, cash crops like sugarcane, cotton and oilseeds, medicinal plants, vegetables and horticulture. Extension department also runs a weather and crop advisory service for the farmers called eMausam.
Student life.
Residential life.
Directorate of Students Welfare is responsible for providing residential facilities to the students. The university has a total of 14 hostels out of which 12 are located at [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]]. Out of 12 hostels located at Hisar, eight are for males, three for females and one for married students. There are separate for in-service and [[International student|foreign students]]. There are two hostels, one each for males and females, at [[Kaul Village|Kaul]] in [[Kaithal]]. The hostels have a total capacity of 1200 students. Aravali hostel is the oldest hostel of the university. Its construction started in 1958. It served as the Administrative Block of the university during the first year of the university. The University has well planned systematically laid out hostel facilities catering to the needs of undergraduate and postgraduate students. The hostel accommodation is sufficient enough to house each of the student on the University roll. There are separate hostels for in service and foreign students. University has a two-room set married hostel for married students located in the residential complex. Each hostel has a separate complex housing catering services and indoor games along with modern recreational and communication facilities like TV and Phone. University has a well-furnished Faculty House having facilities at par with the modern guest houses serving housing need of the national as well as international scientists visiting CCS HAU, Hisar. There is a farmers' hostel just close to the Faculty House with same level of facilities for the farmers visiting the University. The Faculty House of the University can provide accommodation to about 72 persons at a time. Similarly, farmers' hostel could accommodate about 76 persons at its full occupancy. In addition to these modern housing accommodations, there is spacious Kisan Ashram catering to the needs of the farmer trainees attending different short-term courses organized by the Directorate of Extension Education from time to time.
To serve the community needs of the faculty members, University has a spacious Faculty Club. Similarly, there is a community centre in order to serve the community needs of the supporting staff. />
Social life.
Different [[Club (organization)|club]]s and [[society|societies]] have been formed to organise different [[Extracurricular activity|extracurricular activities]] inside the university. Dramatics and Music Club is responsible for organising cultural activities. It was formed in 1973. The club presented [[Haryanvi dance|Haryanvi folk dance]] in Indian Festival held at [[Moscow]], [[Russia]] in 1986 and have participated in each All India Inter-Agricultural University Youth Festival ( AgriUniFest ) organised by [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]] since its inception in 2000. It has won theatrical events at the festival four times and group songs events six times.
Graphic Arts Society and Literary Society are responsible for [[arts]] and [[literary]] activities. Graphics Art Society was established in 1970. It also offers [[photography]] as a co-curricular activity of the university course curriculum for undergraduate students. Many members of this society have won awards at the AgriUniFest. Students of Literary Society have been awarded in [[elocution]], [[extempore]] and [[debate]] competitions at the AgriUniFest.
CCS HAU Mountaineering Club provides [[mountaineering]] opportunities to the students of the university. The club was started in the year 1971 and its motto is "Youth for Adventure". The club offers [[trekking]] programs, seminars on [[Mountain Sports|mountain sports]] and, basic and advanced courses in [[rock climbing]], [[mountaineering]] and [[skiing]]. in 2007, the club organised a [[Bicycle touring|motorbike expedition]] from Hisar to [[Khardung La]], world's highest motorable pass. The club publishes its own online magazine known as HAUMC Magazine and also operates world's first trekking helpline. The club also organises humanitarian and voluntary activities such as awareness campaigns, environmental campaigns and fundraising events. The base of the club is located at the Giri Centre for Sports Activities of the university.
Other facilities.
[[National Cadet Corps (India)|National Cadet Corps]] and [[National Service Scheme]] (NSS) are available as [[Course credit|credit activities]] in the university. NSS was established at the university in 1970. Many students of the university have been selected for [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day Parade]] and one student has been selected for International Youth Development Exchange Programme held in [[Tokyo]], Japan. Counseling and Placement Centre provides [[Job placement|placement]] opportunities whereas Alumni Association is responsible for handling [[Alumni association|alumni relations]].
Directorate of Student Welfare.
Director, Students' Welfare is responsible for making arrangements for housing, boarding and welfare of the students and various co-curricular activities other than the academic work. The Directorate of Students Welfare serves as a hub of students' guidance, counseling and placement activities for all its constituent colleges. Directorate helps CCS HAU graduates to get suitable placement in various nationalized banks, agro-based companies/industries/MNCs/NGOs etc. It facilitates students to pursue their higher education in India and abroad by conducting coaching classes, motivation lectures, mock group discussions, and interview simulations etc.
Sports facilities.
Directorate of Students Welfare is responsible for non-academic activities of the university. [[Sports Authority of India]] has established a Sports Training Center at HAU to impart training in [[Athletics (sport)|Athletics]], [[Boxing]], [[Judo]] and [[Table tennis]].
Giri Centre for Sports Activities.
All the sports events of the university are held at Giri Centre. It has a [[cricket ground]], a [[football ground]] and an [[Athletics (sport)|athletics]] [[stadium]] with a [[Artificial turf|synthetic track]] of [[IAAF|international standard]]. A [[First-class cricket|first-class match]] was played at the cricket stadium here between [[Haryana cricket team]] and [[Jammu and Kashmir cricket team]] on 11 November 1975 during the [[Ranji Trophy]] tournament. It also has two indoor [[Badminton#Playing court dimensions|badminton]]
[[Badminton#Playing court dimensions|courts]] with a seating capacity for 600 spectators, an [[Olympic-size swimming pool]], two indoor [[Squash court#The court|squash courts]], hobby rooms and two multipurpose indoor [[gym]]nasiums.
[[File:HAU handball club logo.jpg|thumb|right|Logo of University Handball Club]]
University Handball Club.
[[Team handball|Handball]] is a particularly popular sport at HAU and the university has its own Handball Club. The club won [[Gold medal]] at the All India Inter Varsity Handball Championship in 1988, [[Bronze medal]] at Senior National Handball Championship and are five times winner of Haryana State Handball Championships. The university has organised All India Inter Varsity Handball Championship once in 1988. Three players from the club have represented [[Handball in India|Indian handball team]] at international level and almost all the players of Haryana handball team belong to HAU.
External links.
[[Category:Research institutes in Hisar (city)]]
[[Category:Agricultural universities and colleges in Haryana]]
[[Category:Universities in Haryana]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1970]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Hisar (city)]]
[[Category:Memorials to Chaudhary Charan Singh]]
[[Category:Agriculture in Haryana]]
[[Category:1970 establishments in Haryana]]


Peter Callanan

Peter Callanan (29 June 1935 – 11 October 2009) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician and served as a member of Seanad Éireann from 1997 until his death in 2009.
Born in Clonakilty, County Cork, Callanan was educated in Mount Melleray College, County Waterford. He was a farmer in Innishannon, County Cork.
A member of Cork County Council from 1979 to 2004, He was an unsuccessful candidate at the 1981 general election for the Cork South-West constituency, and was also an unsuccessful candidate at the 1993 Seanad election. Callanan was elected to the 21st Seanad in 1997 by the Agricultural Panel, and re-elected in 2002 to the 22nd Seanad and in 2007 to the 23rd Seanad.
Callanan died on 11 October 2009. He was married to Sheila Callanan and they had six children.


Thomas Monteagle Bayly

Thomas Monteagle Bayly (March 26, 1775 – January 7, 1834) was an eighteenth and nineteenth century politician, lawyer and planter from Virginia. He was the father of Thomas Henry Bayly.
Early life.
Born on Hills Farm near Drummondtown, Virginia, Bayly attended Washington Academy in Maryland as a young man. He went on to graduate from Princeton College in New Jersey in 1794, had studied law.
Career.
Bayly was admitted to the bar around 1796 commencing practice in Accomack County, Virginia. Bayly also engaged in planting.
He became a member of the Virginia House of Delegates in 1798, serving until 1801 when he left to join the Virginia State Senate, serving their until 1809. During the War of 1812, Bayly served as colonel of militia.
After the war, he was elected a Federalist to the United States House of Representatives, serving their from 1813 to 1815. Bayly was not a candidate for reelection in 1814 and instead resumed engaging in agricultural pursuits and practicing law.
He was elected a delegate to the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829-1830.
He returned to the House of Delegates in 1819, 1820 and from 1828 to 1831 and was a delegate to the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829-1830.
Death.
Bayly died at his plantation called "Mount Custis" in Accomac, Virginia on January 7, 1834 and was interred in the family cemetery on the estate.


Harry Knight (farmer)

Henry Arthur Knight (29 August 1860 – 3 October 1935) was a New Zealand sheep farmer, racehorse owner, and local politician. He was the first student and the third director of the Canterbury Agricultural College.
Knight was born in 1860; his parents were Richard and Lucy Knight. He received his secondary education at Christ's College in Christchurch. When the School of Agriculture of Canterbury University College opened at Lincoln on 19 July 1880, Knight was the first student to enrol. He graduated in 1882 with a Diploma of Agriculture.
In 1887, he married Beatrice Dicken, the daughter of Thomas Dicken. They were to have three daughters. One of his daughters was the mother of the painter Austen Deans.
In 1899, Knight was elected to the Board of Governors of his alma mater, by then called the Canterbury Agricultural College, and he remained a member until his death. He was chairman of the board from 1915 until 1926. He lost the chairmanship when the Canterbury members of the House of Representatives had a tie when they elected their representative in December 1926. The returning officer gave his casting vote to Knight's opponent, George Murray, and Knight temporarily lost his position on the board. In 1930, Knight was the inaugural Bledisloe Medal recipient.
Knight had the Racecourse Hill property near Darfield from 1885. It was a large property and Knight grew the most wheat north of the Rakaia River; up to of his land were in wheat. When his property was cut up in the late 1890, Knight started breeding race horses. He started having success after 15 years and from 1915 until his death, it is estimated that his horses have won him NZ£76,000. His horse Malaga won the Auckland Cup in 1921, netting him NZ£3500. His mare Medley produced Ballymena and Limerick, both very successful horses.
Knight was chairman of the Malvern County Council from 1911. He was chairman of the New Zealand Refrigeration Company from 1912. He was a member of the Canterbury Jockey Club.
Knight died at Racecourse Hill on 3 October 1935.


Bratwurst

Bratwurst (; plural Bratwürste) is a type of German sausage typically made from pork, and less commonly from beef or veal. The name is derived from the Old High German "Brätwurst", from "brät-", finely chopped meat, and "Wurst", sausage, although in modern German it is often associated with the verb "braten", to pan fry or roast. There are many varieties of bratwurst, with some more commonly consumed in certain regions of Germany. Bratwursts are popular in the midwestern United States, Austria, Switzerland, and elsewhere.
History.
While sausage recipes can be found as early as 228 AD, the first documented evidence of the "Bratwurst" in Germany dates to 1313 and can be found in the Franconian city of Nuremberg, which is still an internationally renowned center for the production of grilling sausages.
Types and traditions.
Germany.
Recipes for the sausage vary by region and even locality; some sources list over 40 different varieties of German bratwurst, many of the best known originating in Franconia (today for the most part situated in northern Bavaria, but still culturally quite distinct), its northern neighbour Thuringia and adjacent areas. How the sausages are served is also locally different, but most commonly they are regarded as a simple snack served with or in a white bread roll made from wheat flour and eaten with mustard. As a pub dish, it is often accompanied by sauerkraut or potato salad and sometimes served with dark, crusty country bread made predominantly from rye flour, less commonly with a "Brezel" (pretzel). It is a very popular form of fast food in German-speaking countries, often cooked and sold by street vendors from small stands, and is also traditionally popular with fans at soccer games.
Franconian varieties.
"Fränkische Bratwurst".
The Franconian sausage is a relatively long (), thick, coarse sausage, common to the whole Franconian region with slight variations. It dates back to 1313. With marjoram as a characteristic ingredient, it is close in taste to the "Nürnberger Bratwurst" but juicier, due to its size and coarseness. The "Fränkische Bratwurst" is traditionally served with sauerkraut or potato salad.
"Coburger Bratwurst".
"Bratwurst" originating in the city of Coburg in Franconia was first documented there in 1498. It is made from pork and a minimum of 15% beef, seasoned with only salt, pepper, nutmeg, and lemon zest, and bound with raw egg. It is coarse in texture and is about long. Traditionally, it is grilled over pinecones and served in a bread roll ("Brötchen").
"Kulmbacher Bratwurst".
The "Kulmbacher Bratwurst" is a finely-ground Rohwurst from the city of Kulmbach in Upper Franconia. Long and thin, it is made mostly from very finely ground veal, with very little pork. This sausage may be seasoned with salt, white pepper, nutmeg, lemon peel, marjoram, caraway, and garlic. The exact mixture is a closely guarded trade secret of each butcher. Kulmbacher bratwursts are usually pan-fried, or grilled over a wood fire. They are sold and served freshly grilled from vendors' stands in the Marktplatz, in pairs, with or without mustard, on crusty rolls sprinkled with anise.
"Nürnberger Rostbratwurst".
The small, thin bratwurst from Franconia's largest city, Nuremberg, was first documented in 1567; it is long, and weighs between 20 and 25 g. The denominations "Nürnberger Bratwurst" and "Nürnberger Rostbratwurst" ("Rost" comes from the grill above the cooking fire) are Protected Geographical Indications (PGI) under EU law since 2003, and may therefore only be produced in the city of Nürnberg, where an "Association for the Protection of "Nürnberger Bratwürste"" was established in 1997.
Pork-based and typically seasoned with fresh marjoram which gives them their distinctive flavour, these sausages are traditionally grilled over a beechwood fire. As a main dish three to six pairs are served on a pewter plate with either sauerkraut or potato salad, and accompanied by a dollop of horseradish or mustard. They are also sold as a snack by street vendors as "Drei im Weckla" (three in a bun; the spelling "Drei im Weggla" is also common, "Weggla"/"Weckla" being the word for "bread roll" in the Nuremberg dialect), with mustard.
Another way of cooking Nuremberg sausages is in a spiced vinegar and onion stock; this is called "Blaue Zipfel" (blue lobes).
"Würzburger Bratwurst".
The "Würzburger Bratwurst", also known as the "Winzerbratwurst", comes from the city of Würzburg in Franconia. Its size is similar to the "Thüringer Rostbratwurst", but its ingredients include white Franken-Wine.
Other varieties.
"Thüringer Rostbratwurst".
The "Thüringer Rostbratwurst" is a spicy sausage from Thuringia. It is thin and long. It is traditionally grilled over a charcoal fire and eaten with mustard and bread. The name "Thüringer Rostbratwurst" is also recognised as a PGI under EU law.
Triggered by the discovery in 2000 of an account entry of 1404 first mentioning the "Bratwurst" in Thuringia in the town of Arnstadt, the association "Friends of the "Thuringian Bratwurst"" was founded in 2006. In the same year, the association established the "Erstes Deutsches Bratwurstmuseum" (First German Bratwurst Museum) in the village of Holzhausen. A two-metre-high wooden monument of a "Bratwurst" in a bun on a local traffic roundabout advertises the museum.
"Nordhessische Bratwurst".
The -long "Nordhessische Bratwurst" (from northern Hessen) is similar to the "Thüringer Rostbratwurst" in taste. It is made from coarsely ground pork and is heavily seasoned. Traditionally, it is grilled over a wood fire and served on a cut-open roll with mustard.
"Rote Wurst".
The "Rote Wurst" (red sausage) is a favorite "Bratwurst" of the Swabian region. It is similar to the "Bockwurst", and is made from finely ground pork and bacon, and has a spicy taste. To prevent splitting during grilling or pan frying, an X is cut into the ends of the sausage, which opens during cooking. Sometimes a row of x-shaped cuts are made along its length.
Switzerland.
In 1438, bratwurst started to become popular in eastern Switzerland, especially in St. Gallen. "St. Galler bratwurst" has been famous since then.
United States.
Bratwurst, often shortened to "brat" in American English, is a common type of sausage in the United States, especially in the Upper Midwestern region; the home to many people of German-American ethnicity. Wisconsin, where the largest ancestry group is German, is known for its bratwursts. Brats are also popular in other Upper Midwestern states such as Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, Indiana and Iowa, as well as cities with large populations like New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia. Originally brought to North America by German immigrants, it is a common sight at summer cookouts, along with hot dogs. Many grocery stores and butcher shops sell varieties with popular additions such as cheddar cheese and jalapeño peppers. Wisconsin is the home of the "beer brat", where the brats are simmered in beer (generally a mixture of a pilsner style beer with butter and onions) before or after grilling over charcoal.
Bratwurst was popularized in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, in the 1920s. In general, each local butcher shop would take orders and hand make bratwurst fresh to be picked up on a particular day. The fat content of the sausages was substantial, making daily pick up necessary to avoid spoilage; some of the fat is lost on cooking over charcoal.
Bratwurst has also become popular as a mainstay of sports stadiums, especially baseball parks, after Bill Sperling introduced bratwurst to Major League Baseball in Milwaukee County Stadium in 1954, when the Boston Braves moved to Milwaukee. The brats, which sold for 35 cents, were grilled and placed into a container of a special tomato sauce with green pepper and onions before being served. The bratwursts were so popular, Sperling said, that Duke Snider of the Brooklyn Dodgers took a case back to New York City. Miller Park in Milwaukee sells more bratwurst than hot dogs. Current Miller Park foodservice provider Delaware North (through their Sportservice subsidiary) markets Secret Stadium Sauce at retail as a complement to bratwurst.
Every year, during the Memorial Day weekend, the city of Madison, Wisconsin, hosts the Brat Fest, which is billed as the "world's largest bratwurst festival".
The town of Bucyrus, Ohio, (which calls itself the "Bratwurst Capital of America") has held the three-day Bucyrus Bratwurst Festival annually since 1967.


Frank Chaffey

Captain Frank Augustus Chaffey (31 March 1888 – 9 July 1940) was an Australian politician.
He was born at Moonbi to farmer William Adolphus Chaffey and Amelia, "née" Chad. He was educated at Nemingha and Tamworth before attending Hawkesbury Agricultural College, after which he worked on the family dairy farm. He studied at Sydney Technical College from 1907 and worked as a woolclasser briefly before returning to Tamworth to run the farm. He was active in the local Farmers and Settlers Association. On 1 May 1912 he married Amy Stella McIlveen, with whom he had six children. During World War I he served with the 1st Light Horse Brigade and from 1918 to 1919 was Director of Education of the Australian Infantry Forces.
Chaffey was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in 1913 as the Liberal member for Tamworth. When proportional representation was introduced in 1920 (by which time the Liberal Party had become the Nationalist Party), he became one of the members for Namoi, but he returned to his old seat when single-member electorates were re-introduced in 1927. He was Assistant Minister for Lands and Agriculture from April 1922 until June, when he became full Minister, serving until 1925; he later served as Secretary for Mines and Minister for Forests (1927–1929) and Colonial Secretary (1929–38).
On 9 July 1940, Chaffey died of a coronary occlusion at his Sydney home in Rose Bay, New South Wales. Premier Alexander Mair spoke after his death that "The State has lost a splendid citizen of the highest worth. As a Member of the Legislative Assembly and a former Cabinet Minister, and as a private citizen he was held in the highest esteem" and that; "His career was one of the longest in the history of the State. He showed outstanding capacity as an administrator." Chaffey was cremated at Northern Suburbs Crematorium following a private service which was held at St Michael's Church, Vaucluse. He was succeeded in Parliament as the member for Tamworth by his son, Bill.
Chaffey Dam, a large freshwater dam on the Peel River north of Tamworth, New South Wales is named after both Frank and Bill Chaffey.


Abondance cattle

The Abondance is a cross breed of cattle which originated in the high valleys of Haute-Savoie, France.
Description.
They are medium-sized, with the female weighing in at between 580 and 680 kilograms (kg) and standing 1.30 metres tall. They are golden brown in color with a white head (apart from the eyes), underside of the abdomen, and extremities of its legs. The bull weighs in at between 645 and 820 kilograms (kg) and stands 1.70 metres tall. Their colour is different, with a chestnut red and a bit of white on the head.
Their milk is rich in both fat and protein, with a good balance between the two. The milk is traditionally used to produce Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) cheese such as the reblochon, abondance, tome des Bauges and the beaufort. Typical milk production is 5700 kg per lactation.
This breed of cattle is especially appreciated for its ability to withstand extreme variations in temperature, its fertility, its ease of breeding, its milk, its long life and its meat.
Origins.
It comes from the Chablais in Haute-Savoie, where it was bred by the monks of the "abbaye de Saint-Maurice d'Agaune" since the 12th century. It was originally known as the "chablaisienne".
Distribution.
Currently, there are about 150,000 head of abondance in France. They have also been exported to North America, United Kingdom, New Zealand, Iraq and Africa. In West Africa, they have been cross bred with N'dama.
See also.
Montbéliarde cattle


Kingston Maurward College

Kingston Maurward College is a college for land-based studies situated two miles east of Dorchester, Dorset, England. The college is a member of the Landex group , an association of institutions that provide courses in agriculture and horticulture.
Kingston Maurward House on the college grounds is used for administration purposes and private functions.


Lucken Farm

The Lucken Farm near Portland, North Dakota is a bonanza farm that was developed by 1888. The owner of the farm was Halleck E. Lucken, the son of Norwegian immigrants. The farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. The listing included seven contributing buildings on.


Dairibord

Dairibord Zimbabwe Ltd is a milk and dairy products producer, based in Zimbabwe, southern Africa.
Dairibord is one of the largest food producers in southern Africa, and was the former state Dairy Marketing Board; it was privatised in 1997. The company has seven factories: in Harare, Chitungwiza, Bulawayo, Gweru, Kadoma, Mutare and Chipinge. It also owns Lyons Zimbabwe, a food company manufacturing beverages, ice creams, cordials, condiments, sauces and spreads; the biscuit and baking company M.E. Charhons, and has a majority stake in Dairibord Malawi.
Since January 2006 the company has been known as DZL Holdings Ltd.
References.
"People's Daily" 2 January 2006
Company profile, Dexel


University of California, Davis

The University of California, Davis (UC Davis, UCD, or Davis) is a public land-grant research university near Davis, California. Named a Public Ivy, it is the northernmost of the ten campuses of the University of California system. The institution was first founded as an agricultural branch of the system in 1905 and became the seventh campus of the University of California in 1959.
The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". The UC Davis faculty includes 23 members of the National Academy of Sciences, 30 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 17 members of the American Law Institute, 14 members of the Institute of Medicine, and 14 members of the National Academy of Engineering. Among other honors that university faculty, alumni, and researchers have won are two Nobel Prizes, a Presidential Medal of Freedom, three Pulitzer Prizes, three MacArthur Fellowships, and a National Medal of Science.
Founded as a primarily agricultural campus, the university has expanded over the past century to include graduate and professional programs in medicine (which includes the UC Davis Medical Center), law, veterinary medicine, education, nursing, and business management, in addition to 90 research programs offered by UC Davis Graduate Studies. The UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine is the largest veterinary school in the United States and has been ranked first in the world for five consecutive years (2015–19). UC Davis also offers certificates and courses, including online classes, for adults and non-traditional learners through its Division of Continuing and Professional Education.
The UC Davis Aggies athletic teams compete in NCAA Division I, primarily as members of the Big West Conference with additional sports in the Big Sky Conference (football only) and the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation. In its first year of full Division I status, 11 UC Davis teams qualified for NCAA post-season competitions.
Founding.
Agriculture and the land-grant university.
In 1868, the University of California was established as a land-grant university, and immediately founded a College of Agriculture as its first college as required by the Morrill Land-Grant Acts and the University's own Organic Act. UC operated a small farm at the Berkeley campus for several years after Ezra S. Carr became professor of agriculture, but he managed to alienate both the university faculty and the state's farmers with his attempt to directly integrate practical training in farming with courses on the larger historical, social, and political dimensions of farming and got himself fired in 1874. The faculty could not understand why students should earn credit towards degrees for hoeing or plowing, and the farmers could not understand how learning the social history of farming could make their children into better farmers.
Eugene W. Hilgard, Carr's successor, recognized that Berkeley's soil and climate were terrible for farming (the campus directly faces the notoriously foggy Golden Gate) and switched from "practical" to what he called "rational" instruction in scientific principles of agriculture at Berkeley. He concentrated on things like soil science and fermentation that could be researched and taught in a university laboratory, supplemented by limited data gathering and experiments (but not hands-on teaching) at agricultural experimental stations in the field. Hilgard was disdainful of the idea of a university farm. He felt that for such a farm to teach effectively, it would necessarily have to be a model farm with examples of the best of everything, without any reference to local profitability, climate, or circumstances, and such a thing was clearly infeasible.
Founding of the University Farm.
Around the turn of the 20th century, Peter J. Shields, secretary of the California Agricultural Society, became aware that colleges of agriculture elsewhere had university farms which performed experiments and provided hands-on education in useful agricultural subjects, and that young people were leaving the state to study at such farms. Shields began to champion the cause of a university farm. He was later honored as the "founder" of UC Davis in 1962, when the Shields Oak Grove on campus was named after him, and again posthumously in 1972 when the campus library was named after him. However, local farmer and politician George Washington Pierce Jr. also fought hard in the California State Assembly for the creation of a university farm, and influenced the drafting of the site criteria in the University Farm Bill to ensure that Yolo County would become the selected site—but unlike Shields, did not live long enough to see the promotion of Davis to a general campus and is now largely forgotten.
On March 18, 1905, the University Farm Bill was enacted, which called for the establishment of a farm for the University of California. A committee appointed by the Board of Regents took a year to select a site for the University Farm, a 779-acre farm near a tiny Yolo County town then known as Davisville. The Regents officially took control of the property in September 1906 and constructed four buildings in 1907.
Short courses were first offered in October and November 1908, and then the University Farm officially opened in 1909 as the University Farm School, offering a three-year non-degree vocational program. The vocational program was shortened from three to two years in 1923.
Initially, no degrees were awarded at Davis. Students in the College of Agriculture at Berkeley often enrolled at Davis for a single semester to obtain practical training on an actual farm alongside the vocational students, but had to return to Berkeley to earn their degrees. Because the non-degree vocational program at Davis was so disconnected from the traditional degree programs on the main Berkeley campus, agricultural interests began to agitate to separate Davis and the entire College of Agriculture from the University of California. This forced the Board of Regents in 1922 to silence such proposals by authorizing a four-year undergraduate degree program at Davis. The first class graduated from Davis in 1926.
Renamed in 1922 as the Northern Branch of the College of Agriculture, and, in 1938, as the College of Agriculture at Davis, the institution continued growing at a breakneck pace: in 1916 the Farm's 314 students occupied the original campus. By 1951 it had expanded to a size of . In 1958, the vocational program was discontinued.
Seventh UC campus.
In 1959, the campus was designated by the Regents of the University of California as the seventh general campus in the University of California system.
Davis's Graduate Division was established in 1961, followed by the creation of the College of Engineering in 1962. The law school opened for classes in fall 1966, and the School of Medicine began instruction in fall 1968. In a period of increasing activism, a Native American studies program was started in 1969, one of the first at a major university; it was later developed into a full department within the university.
Notable events.
2011 pepper spray incident and aftermath.
During a protest against tuition hikes on November 18, 2011, a campus police officer, Lieutenant John Pike, used pepper spray on a group of seated demonstrators when they refused to disperse, and another officer also pepper sprayed demonstrators at Pike's direction. The incident drew international attention and led to further demonstrations, a formal investigation, and Pike's departure in July 2012.
Documents released in 2016 through a public records request showed that the university had spent at least $175,000 to attempt to "scrub the Internet of negative postings" about the incident, in efforts that started in 2013. California newspaper "The Sacramento Bee" obtained a document outlining the public relations strategy, which stated: "Nevins and Associates is prepared to create and execute an online branding campaign designed to clean up the negative attention the University of California, Davis, and Chancellor Katehi have received related to the events that transpired in November 2011". The strategy included an "aggressive and comprehensive online campaign to eliminate the negative search results" intended to achieve the "eradication of references to the pepper spray incident in search results on Google for the university and the Chancellor". The university's strategic communications office, which has worked on the management of the reputation of the university and its chancellor, has had its budget substantially increased since the current chancellor took office – rising from $2.93 million in 2009 to $5.47 million in 2015. In August 2016 Katehi resigned as chancellor, and under the terms of her contract, will continue to be a full-time faculty member at UCD.
Campus.
Size and location.
Although named after the City of Davis, the campus is technically located adjacent to the City of Davis in an unincorporated part of Yolo and Solano counties. The main campus is located west of Sacramento in the Sacramento Valley, part of California's Central Valley, and is adjacent to Interstate 80.
The city of Davis is a college town, with the ratio of students to long term residents estimated at 1:4. Also contributing to the college-town environment is the close proximity of downtown Davis to the campus' main quad—a matter of a few blocks, and 5- to 10-minute walk or bike ride. Davis' 15-minute distance from Sacramento provides it with both the isolation critical to fostering a college-town environment while also providing a lively and large metropolitan area nearby. Although the campus itself is vast, the entire community of Davis is relatively small and is easily traversable on bike utilizing Davis' extensive bicycle trails.
Campus Core/Quad.
Towards the northeast end of campus is the Quad, a large rectangular field, which was the historic geographic center of campus. Earlier in the campus' history, the few campus buildings surrounded the four sides of the Quad. Today, though the campus has grown significantly and the geographic center of campus has shifted, the Quad remains the center of campus life, anchored to the north by the Memorial Union (student union), to the south by Shields Library and to the west and southeast by Wellman and Olson halls respectively. The Memorial Union Complex houses Freeborn Hall and the Memorial Union, which houses various establishments such as the UC Davis Bookstore.
The northeast side of campus holds more of the core buildings that were built earlier in UC Davis's history, such as Wellman Hall, Shields Library, Mrak Hall, and Hutchison Hall. Also notable in this northeastern corner is the labyrinthine Social Sciences and Humanities building designed by Antoine Predock, known to students as the "Death Star" for its angular, metallic design.
South Main Campus and South Campus.
The majority of Equestrian Center, and Animal Sciences buildings are located near the Arboretum Waterway, away from the core campus; the West Entry Parking Complex, the Silo Union, and the newly constructed Science Lecture Hall and the Science Laboratory Building are located nearer to the Tercero residence halls and the core of campus. The Mondavi Center, home of the University Symphony Orchestra and other cultural events, is also located near the Tercero complex.
West Campus.
For most of UC Davis' history, West Campus has served primarily as agricultural research land. Recently, portions were developed through a $300 million public-private partnership to form the largest zero net energy community in the United States, known as UC Davis West Village. West Village will provide housing for 3,000 students, faculty and staff and will help the university recruit and retain top faculty. The project will include 662 apartments, 343 single-family homes, 42,500 square feet of commercial space, a recreation center and study facilities. West Village will also host the first community college on a UC campus.
The classes held in this area mainly involve plant sciences, but also include entomology courses as well. Students in the plant sciences maintain gardens as part of the PLS 5 lab while Entomology 156L and 158 students embark on field trips to sample fish for parasites at Putah Creek and conduct projects in forensic entomology at the UC Davis ecosystem, respectively. West Campus is also home to the University Airport, Foundation Plant Services, the California National Primate Research Center, and the Contained Research Facility, a bio-safety level 3 facility.
Arboretum.
To the south side of the campus core is the 100-acre UC Davis Arboretum, which includes 3.5 miles of paved paths, 4,000 tree specimens, Putah Creek and Lake Spafford. On March 10, 2017, a multi-year waterway enhancement project began.
Artwork.
There are seven public art statues found around campus, collectively called "The Egghead Series," sculpted by the late Robert Arneson, who also taught at Davis from 1962–1991.
"Bookhead" is located at the Shields Library plaza, "Yin & Yang" is located at the Fine Arts Complex, "See No Evil/Hear No Evil" is at the east lawn of King Hall (the main building for UC Davis' School of Law), "Eye on Mrak (FatalLaff)" is outside Mrak Hall (housing the registrar office and other administrative offices), and "Stargazer" is located between North Hall and Young Hall. The "Yin & Yang" egg heads have been recast and duplicated for installation near the Port of San Francisco Ferry Building in San Francisco.
Student housing.
UC Davis Student Housing operates 23 residence halls totaling 29 buildings which are organized into three areas: Segundo, Tercero, and Cuarto. UC Davis Student Housing is large enough to accommodate over 11,000 Students. Typically, campus operated housing is reserved exclusively for first-year students, whereby other students are required to seek housing off-campus at apartments or rented homes. The northwest end of campus holds the majority of the Segundo undergraduate housing complex, and various alternative housing sites, such as Orchard Park, Russell Park, The Colleges at LaRue Apartments, and Primero Grove. The Activities and Recreation Center, or the ARC, is also located near the Segundo complex. Adjacent to the northwest corner of campus is the Cuarto undergraduate housing complex, which has one dining commons.
The Tercero undergraduate housing complex is located near the geographic center of the UC Davis campus, to the north of the Arboretum Waterway. This extends longitudinally through almost the entirety of the south end of campus. Solano Park, UC Davis' family housing complex, is located adjacent to the Arboretum Waterway, at the Eastern end of campus. The Davis Arboretum is a public botanic garden with over 4,000 kinds of trees and plants, including many California native plants, which has been developed over along The Waterway. The Cuarto undergraduate (freshmen and transfer students) housing complex is located one block off-campus, across Russell Boulevard. Unlike the other undergraduate housing complexes, Cuarto is located within city limits; its residents may vote in city elections.
Organization and administration.
The entire University of California system is governed by the regents, a 26-member board, as established under Article IX, Section 9 of the California Constitution. The board appoints the university's principal officers including the system-wide president and UC Davis Chancellor.
The UC Davis Chancellor has overall responsibility for the leadership, management, and administration of the campus and reports to the President of the University of California system, a position currently held by former Secretary of Homeland Security and Arizona Governor Janet Napolitano.
The Offices of the Chancellor and Provost is headed by the executive vice-chancellor and provost (EVCP). In their capacity as executive vice-chancellor, the EVCP shares with the chancellor in the overall leadership and management of campus administration and operations, whereas as provost, the EVCP is UC Davis' chief academic officer.
The senior staff provides executive support to the Offices of the Chancellor and Provost. The Council of Deans and Vice-Chancellor consists of the heads of the university's major academic and administrative units.
Students are most likely to interact with or be directly affected by the Office of Student Affairs, which is run by the vice chancellor of student affairs, currently Fred Wood, and by a variety of associate and assistant vice-chancellors. This office oversees many campus units including: Admissions, Athletics, Campus Recreation, Campus Unions, Counseling and Psychological Services, Financial Aid, Student Housing and others.
Student demographics.
Women comprised 60.4% of undergraduates in Fall 2018.
In 2010, the United States Census Bureau made UC Davis its own separate census-designated place for statistical purposes. The campus location is out of the bounds of the Davis city limit.
In 2014, Chancellor Katehi stated that UC Davis aims to become a Hispanic-Serving Institution by the 2018–2019 school year, with at least 25% of the undergraduate student body consisting of Latinos.
Academics.
The university has 102 undergraduate majors and 101 graduate programs. It has a Department of Viticulture and Enology (concerning the scientific study of grape-growing and winemaking) that has been and continues to be responsible for significant advancements in winemaking utilized by many Californian wineries. The campus claims to be noted for its top-rated Agricultural and Resource Economics programs and the large Department of Animal Science through which students can study at the university's own on-campus dairy, meat-processing plant, equestrian facility, and experimental farm. Students of Environmental Horticulture and other botanical sciences have many acres of campus farmland and the University of California, Davis, Arboretum at their disposal. The Department of Applied Science was founded and formerly chaired by physicist Edward Teller. The arts are also studied extensively on campus with subjects such as studio art, design, music, theater and dance. The Design Department at UC Davis is the only comprehensive academic design unit of the University of California system. There is also the Mondavi Center for the Performing Arts which features artists from all over the globe.
UC Davis undergraduate majors are divided into four colleges:
Rankings.
UC Davis is considered to be a "Public Ivy." In its 2021 edition, "U.S. News & World Report" ranked UC Davis tied for the 11th-best public university in the United States, tied for 39th nationally and tied for 66th globally. "Washington Monthly" ranked UC Davis 13th in its 2020 National University ranking, based on its contribution to the public good as measured by social mobility, research, and promoting public service. "Money" magazine ranked UC Davis 10th in the country out of 739 schools evaluated for its 2020 "Best Colleges for Your Money" edition and 4th in its list of the 50 best public schools in the U.S. "Forbes" in 2019 ranked UC Davis 88th overall out of 650 colleges and universities in the U.S., 49th among research universities, 22nd among public university, and 11th for "Best Value". For 2018 "Kiplinger" ranked Davis 47th out of the top 100 best-value public colleges and universities in the U.S.
The university has several distinguished graduate programs ranked in the top 10 in their fields by the United States National Research Council; most notable are its programs in agricultural economics, entomology, evolutionary biology, plant biology, and ecology. Additionally, the NRC placed more than a third of UC Davis graduate programs in the top 25% of their respective fields. In 2016, "U.S. News & World Report" rated UC Davis 2nd globally in Agricultural Sciences, 1st in Plant and Animal Science, 4th in Environment/Ecology, and 1st nationally in Veterinary Medicine, 3rd in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 7th (tie) in Biological and Agricultural Engineering, 9th in U.S. Colonial History, 15th in Comparative Politics, 19th in Biological Sciences, 20th in Earth Sciences and 21st in Psychology. The Economics department of UC Davis was also ranked 6th among public universities and 20th nationally according to the RePec (Research Papers in Economics) Rankings in 2011. In 2013, "The Economist" placed UC Davis Graduate School of Management in the top 8% accredited MBA programs in the United States (ranked 37th nationally and 65th globally).
The "Academic Ranking of World Universities" placed UC Davis 40th nationally and 90th globally for 2019. In its 2019 rankings, "Times Higher Education World University Rankings" ranked it tied for 59th in the world. The "QS World University Rankings" ranked it tied for 104th globally for its 2020 ratings, with Veterinary Science ranked 2nd in the world.
In 2016, "Sierra Magazine" ranked UC Davis 8th in its "Coolest Schools" in America list for campus sustainability and climate change efforts.
Admissions.
Admission to UC Davis is rated as "more selective" by "U.S. News & World Report".
For Fall 2019, UC Davis received 78,093 freshmen applications; 30,358 were admitted (39.1%) and 5,957 enrolled. The average high school grade point average (GPA) of the enrolled freshmen was 4.13; the average SAT scores were between 610-710 for reading and 630-790 for math, and 28-34 for the ACT Composite score.
Library.
UC Davis' libraries include the Peter J. Shields Library, the Physical Sciences & Engineering Library, the Carlson Health Sciences Library, and the Medical Center Library in Sacramento, contain more than 3.5 million volumes and offers a number of special collections and services. The Peter J. Shields Library has three different architectural styles due to various construction and extensions being added; it is the main library where students study on-campus, with a 24-hour reading room, open computer labs, and unique furniture.
Army R.O.T.C..
The university is host to an Army Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) program, the Forged Gold Battalion, with more than 50 cadets. With more than sixty years in existence, it currently commissions roughly 10 graduating seniors as second lieutenants every year.
Graduate Studies.
The University of California Davis Graduate Programs of Study consist of over 90 post-graduate programs, offering masters and doctoral degrees and post-doctoral courses. The programs educate over 4,000 students from around the world.
UC Davis has the following graduate and professional schools, the most in the entire UC system :
History.
The University of California, Davis graduate division has a long history. Graduate education has been a major feature of the academic focus for over 80 years. This academic tradition began in the fall of 1925, when 12 students received graduate degrees from the College of Agriculture through a partnership with the graduate division of the University California at Berkeley. Over the years, the programs continued to grow, interact and collaborate. The first graduate degrees were awarded from the UC Davis campus in the fall of 1949.
In 1961, autonomous Graduate Divisions and Graduate Councils were established on all University of California campuses to provide focused oversight of their graduate programs.
Academics.
A key feature of graduate education at UC Davis is the graduate group. The core elements of a graduate group include an emphasis on "shared research interests among faculty and students; flexibility to grow and quickly change to reflect emerging areas of interdisciplinary knowledge and technology; and an acceptance that many research questions transcend traditional academic departmental boundaries." UC Davis offers more graduate groups than any other campus in the UC system.
Medical school admissions.
In 2016, "U.S. News & World Report" named UC Davis School of Medicine as the 6th most competitive medical school in the United States with an acceptance rate of 2.8%.
Faculty and research.
UC Davis is one of 62 members in the Association of American Universities, an organization of leading research universities devoted to maintaining a strong system of academic research and education. It consists of sixty universities in the United States (both public and private) and two universities in Canada.
Research expenditures.
UC Davis spent $788.8 million on research and development in fiscal year 2018, ranking it 30th in the nation.
Faculty honors.
Its faculty includes 23 members of the National Academy of Sciences, 14 members of the National Academy of Engineering, 30 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 17 members of the American Law Institute, 5 members of the Royal Society, 3 Pulitzer Prize winners, 1 Guggenheim Fellow, and 3 MacArthur Fellows.
Research centers and laboratories.
The campus supports a number of research centers and laboratories including:
The Crocker Nuclear Laboratory on campus has had a nuclear accelerator since 1966. The laboratory is used by scientists and engineers from private industry, universities and government to research topics including nuclear physics, applied solid state physics, radiation effects, air quality, planetary geology and cosmogenics. UC Davis is the only UC campus, besides Berkeley, that has a nuclear laboratory.
Agilent Technologies will also work with the university in establishing a Davis Millimeter Wave Research Center to conduct research into millimeter wave and THz systems.
Student life.
The undergraduate student government of UC Davis is the Associated Students of UC Davis (ASUCD), and has an annual operating budget of $11.1 million, making it one of the largest-funded student governments in the United States. ASUCD includes an Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branch. Other than representing the student body on campus, the task of ASUCD is to lobby student interests to local and state government. Also under the purview of ASUCD are the student-run Coffee House, an ASUCD unit, and Unitrans, the Davis public bus system. ASUCD employs thousands of students annually across its many units.
Picnic Day, UC Davis's annual Open House, is the largest student-run event in the United States. It attracts thousands of visitors each year with its many attractions. These include a parade, a magic show performed by the chemistry department, the Doxie Derby (dachshund races), film screenings, and a Battle of the Bands between the Band-Uh! and other college bands including the Cal Band, the Stanford Band, and the Humboldt State University Marching Lumberjacks.
Another highlight of UC Davis is its student-run freeform radio station, KDVS. The station began operations on February 1, 1964, from the laundry room of the all-male dormitory Beckett Hall. The station soon gained a reputation by airing interviews with Angela Davis and a live call-in show with then California Governor Ronald Reagan in 1969. The station can now be heard on 90.3 FM and online at its website.
UC Davis has over 500 registered student organizations, ranging from political clubs to professional societies to language clubs.
The academic Graduate Students and management students are represented by the Graduate Student Association (GSA). The Law Students are represented by Law Students Association.
Students are also encouraged to wear Aggie Blue on game days to show their Aggie Pride. If spotted wearing Aggie Blue by the Aggie Pack, students may have UC Davis paraphernalia thrown at them as a reward.
Students also participate in intramural sports such as basketball, ultimate frisbee, soccer and many more. The ARC contains a basketball gym, work out room, ping pong tables, squash courts, rock climbing wall, and other studio rooms for group exercise.
Other student activities and campus jobs:
Transportation.
Bicyclists are ubiquitous on campus and in the city. Both the university and municipality has bicycle-only infrastructure such as bike circles, large bike lanes, and traffic signals specifically for bikes. UC Davis has a road and mountain bike team which has won several national championship titles. The campus police department also has some of its officers patrol on bicycles and take bicycling under the influence ("BUI") and bicycling without a headlight at night very seriously. All bikes on the UC Davis campus must be registered with a California Bicycle license or they risk being sold at the on campus bike auction. Students usually have their bicycles serviced on-campus at the ASUCD Bike Barn or at other bike shops around town.
UC Davis is also well known for its bus service, Unitrans, and its trademark London double decker buses. It has been in operation since 1968 and is believed to be the only general purpose (non-sightseeing) transit system in the U.S. to operate vintage double deck buses in daily service. The system is operated and managed entirely by students and offers fixed-route transportation throughout the city. There is also an inter-campus bus service that ferries back and forth between UC Davis and UC Berkeley twice daily, from Monday to Friday. Davis is also one of the busiest stations of the Capitol Corridor intercity railroad service operated by Amtrak between the Bay Area and Sacramento.
The central campus is bounded by freeways on two sides (Highway 113 and Interstate 80). All other UC campuses are either somewhat distant from the closest freeway or are directly adjacent to only one freeway. Two freeway exits are entirely within UCD's boundaries. One, off Highway 113, is signed "UC Davis / Hutchison Drive" and the other, off Interstate 80, is signed exclusively as "UC Davis." Despite the university's extensive bicycle infrastructure and public transportation service, easy freeway access coupled with increasing housing costs in the city of Davis has led to increased numbers of students commuting via automobile. Some students choose to live in the neighboring communities of Sacramento, Dixon or Woodland, and use their own cars or the county-wide Yolobus to get to UC Davis. In addition, a private charter bus that connected the Davis and Sacramento campuses was replaced in 2020 by the Causeway Connection bus service, in partnership with Yolobus and Sacramento Regional Transit. Other students also commute by motorcycle, but are also subject to similar parking rates as their four-wheeled counterparts.
"The California Aggie".
UC Davis publishes a weekly student newspaper, "The California Aggie". The "Aggie" was first published in 1915 as the "Weekly Agricola" after its approval by the Associated Student Executive Committee. At this point, UC Davis was considered the University Farm, an extension of UC Berkeley.
Initially, the "Weekly Agricola" was focused on both student news and farming-related topics. Novelist Jack London was one of the first readers of the "Weekly Agricola". In 1922, it was renamed to match the school's athletic name. Between March 2014 and October 2016, the Aggie not in print but was still accessible online. The Aggie is in print and available on campus again .
Greek life.
Social fraternities and sororities have been a part of the University of California at Davis since 1913. Approximately 8% of the university's undergraduate students are involved in the school's fraternities and sororities. One sorority, Sigma Alpha Epsilon Pi, was featured during the first season of the MTV reality show "Sorority Life".
There are currently 21 social fraternities that are a part of the Interfraternity Council (IFC) in Davis. The IFC representatives attend weekly meetings to guarantee that all UC Davis rules and regulations are followed. The meetings are also used to inform the fraternities about all upcoming activities throughout the week. The 21 fraternities are: Alpha Epsilon Pi, Alpha Gamma Omega, Alpha Gamma Rho, Alpha Sigma Phi, Chi Phi, Delta Chi, Delta Lambda Phi, Delta Sigma Phi, Kappa Sigma, Phi Delta Theta, Phi Kappa Psi, Pi Kappa Alpha, Pi Kappa Phi, Sigma Alpha Mu, Sigma Chi, Sigma Nu, Sigma Phi Epsilon, Tau Kappa Epsilon, Theta Chi, Theta Xi, and Zeta Psi.
The Davis Collegiate Panhellenic Council (DCPA) is similar to the Interfraternity Council, but is the governing council for several sororities at UC Davis. They are responsible for organizing recruitment, and overseeing that all regulations are upheld. There are currently 11 sororities that are a part of the Panhellenic Council. The 11 sororities are: alpha Kappa Delta Phi, Alpha Chi Omega, Alpha Delta Pi, Alpha Phi, Chi Omega, Delta Delta Delta, Delta Gamma, Kappa Alpha Theta, Kappa Kappa Gamma, Pi Beta Phi, Sigma Alpha Epsilon Pi.
The Phi chapter of Alpha Gamma Rho was locally established May 1 of 1923 at UC Davis, making it the first continuously running national fraternity on campus. They started as the Kappa Tau fraternity, which was the first Agricultural craternity on campus. Many campus buildings are named after alumni of Alpha Gamma Rho such as Emil Mrak (Mrak Hall, Registrar's office), Orville Thompson (Thompson Hall, Segundo student housing), and Dean De Carli (the De Carli room, 2nd floor MU), Mel Olson Scoreboard (Aggie Stadium), and many more. The AGR Hall is an event space located inside the Buehler Alumni / Visitor's Center and is commonly rented out as a conference room or banquet hall. There are both national and local fraternities and sororities at UCD with diverse backgrounds and histories.
Athletics.
The UC Davis Aggies (also referred to as Cal Aggies or Ags) compete in NCAA Division I sports in the Big West Conference. For football, the Aggies compete in Division I FCS (formerly known as Division I-AA), and are members of the Big Sky Conference, granting UC Davis the distinction of being one of only three UC campuses to field a football team (Cal and UCLA being the other two). The Aggies are also members of the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation in gymnastics and lacrosse, the America East Conference in field hockey, the Western Intercollegiate Rowing Association and Davis Men's Crew Club for rowing.
The UC Davis Men's Crew Club is one of the successful clubs both on campus and in the West. In 2008 the JV boat won first in nationals at the ACRA Championships in Tennessee and in 2009 the Varsity boat got second place in nationals at the ACRA Championships. They consistently compete against teams such as Stanford, the University of Washington and UC Berkeley.
The Aggies finished first in NCAA Division II six times in 2003 and won the NACDA Directors' Cup 4 years in a row from 1999 to 2003. In 1998, the UC Davis men's basketball team won the NCAA Division II national championship despite being one of the few non-scholarship institutions in Division II at that time. They have also won NCAA Division II championships in Softball (2003), Men's Tennis (1992), and Women's Tennis (1990, 1993). These and other achievements motivated a decision (following a year of heavy discussion by campus administrators, faculty, staff, students, alumni and the local community) in 2003 for the athletics program to re-classify to Division I.
The highlight of UC Davis's 4-year transition to Division I occurred on September 17, 2005, when the Aggies defeated the heavily favored Stanford Cardinal at Stanford Stadium by a score of 20–17 on a touchdown pass with 8 seconds left in the game. The Aggies also pulled off an upset against Stanford in basketball just months later, beating the Cardinal 64–58 with a late rally at home on December 4, 2005. The win in these two major sports and the addition of the Aggies beating the Cardinal in soccer earlier in 2005 as well as a win in wrestling and two wins in baseball pulled the Aggies' win loss record with Stanford to 5–1 for men's sports the 05-06 year.
The Aggie football team plays Sacramento State in the annual Causeway Classic for the Causeway Carriage. The team also plays Cal Poly San Luis Obispo in the annual Battle for the Golden Horseshoe. UC Davis students gather at sporting events to rally as the Aggie Pack, the largest student-run school spirit organization in the United States. The Aggie Pack cheers on the sports team along with the Spirit Squad to the music of the Cal Aggie Marching Band-uh! and its alumni band. Aggie Stadium is the home of the UC Davis football and lacrosse teams.
UC Davis had a wrestling program, which competed in the Pac-10 at the Division I level. In 2007, UC Davis wrestler Derek Moore gained All-American status, as well as winning the NCAA Division I Championships for his weight class. Moore also received the "Most Outstanding Wrestler" award of the NCAA tournament. In doing so, Derek Moore became the first UC Davis student-athlete to become an NCAA champion at the Division I level. That same year, UC Davis finished within the top 25 for Division I collegiate wrestling programs in the country.
Because of budget pressure, wrestling was cut from the athletic department in April 2010. Other cuts included men's swimming, men's indoor track, and women's rowing. The athletics department had to cut $1.79 million out of the budget. 14 women's teams and 9 men's teams were funded for the 2010–2011 school year.
The official school colors are blue and gold. The blue is due to the UC's early connection to Yale and as a result is often referred to as "Yale Blue" (e.g., see). and UCD's official blue, usually called "Aggie Blue", is Pantone 295, which is distinct from Yale Blue (approximately Pantone 289).
The official school mascot is the mustang. Students at UC Davis are referred to as Aggies in honor of the school's origins in agricultural studies. Unlike most colleges, there is a distinction between the name for students and the mascot. Some students supported changing the school mascot from the mustang to a cow, but alumni opposed this action. Many people call the mustang mascot of UC Davis an Aggie, but it is named Gunrock. The name dates to 1921 when the US Army brought a thoroughbred horse named Gunrock to UC Davis to supply high-quality breeding stock for the U.S. Cavalry remount program. The mustang mascot was selected to honor that cavalry horse.
Sustainability.
UC Davis has implemented many environmentally sustainable features on campus. In the Fall of 2010, UCD opened a renovated Dining Commons in the Cuarto living area. The dining hall uses local produce and promotes sustainability. The university operates twenty LEED-certified buildings across three of the five overarching LEED categories. Examples include the Robert Mondavi Institute for Wine and Food Science, the first brewery, winery or food-processing facility in the world to achieve Platinum-level certification and the Tahoe Environmental Research Center (TERC) at Lake Tahoe, one of only five laboratories in the world to achieve Platinum-level certification. It developed UC Davis West Village as a "zero net energy" community.
The university received two Best Practice Awards at the 2009 annual Sustainability Conference, held by the University of California, California State University and the California Community Colleges, for the campus's lighting retrofit project and sustainable design in new construction.
UC Davis harvests olives from the old trees on campus to produce olive oil and table olives for use in campus dining rooms. It has designed landscaping with drought-tolerant trees and other plants. The campus operates its own landfill, where it converts landfill (methane) gas to energy. For its efforts in campus sustainability, UC Davis earned an A- on the 2011 College Sustainability Report Card, one of 27 universities to achieve this, the highest grade awarded.
In February 2014, UC Davis and Diamond Developers formed a joint venture to create a sustainable city in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The draft design for the sustainable city in Dubai called for an “eco-village” on 120 acres with enough housing for 1,200 people. The plan called for K-12 education, apartments, single family homes, and retail shops. In May 2015, UC Davis and Diamond expanded the joint venture to include sustainability professional training program.
UC Davis became the first university to implement requiring payment of a fee for all single-use bags distributed on campus; it is working to become the first university campus to ban plastic bags entirely.
UC Davis is also home to the Agricultural Sustainability Institute (ASI), which is part of the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES). ASI provides leadership for research, teaching, outreach, and extension efforts in agricultural and food systems sustainability at the Davis campus and throughout the UC system.
UC Davis hosted the Governors' Global Climate Summit 3 (GGCS3), an international climate forum for the top leaders of local, regional, national and international entities, as well as those from academia, business and nonprofits. The summit worked to broaden national partnerships in continuing to grow a clean, green economy. The summit included more than 1,500 attendees from more than 80 countries.
Alumni.
UC Davis currently has over 260,000 living alumni. Notable alumni of UC Davis include two astronauts; scientist Katherine Jungjohann; US Treasurer Anna Escobedo Cabral; Chevron CEO John S. Watson; entrepreneur Jason Lucash; and actor Matthew Moy. Notable faculty include two-time Pulitzer Prize-winning historian Alan Taylor and painter Wayne Thiebaud.


Urbain Johnson

Urbain Johnson (January 27, 1824 – April 13, 1917) was a farmer and political figure in the Canadian province of New Brunswick. He represented Kent County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1869 to 1870, from 1874 to 1882 and from 1895 to 1908 as a Liberal member.
He was born and educated at Saint-Louis-de-Kent, New Brunswick, the son of Simon Johnson and Geneviève Vautour. Johnson was a descendant of Scottish immigrants who had first settled among the Acadians in the Chaleur Bay area. In 1856, he married Nathalie Leblanc.
Johnson was first elected to the Legislative Assembly in an 1869 by-election held after Owen McInerney was named to the Legislative Council. Johnson was defeated in the general election which followed in 1870. He opposed the Common Schools Act which banned religious instruction in the province's school system based on the principle of Separation of church and state. He attended the convention of the Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste convention in Quebec City in 1880 and the Acadian national convention in 1881, where he suggested that the Acadians choose a different holiday and symbols from those chosen by other French Canadians. He also was a justice of the peace and an officer in the local militia. Johnson retired from politics in 1908. He died in 1917, aged 93.


Coda Rossa Winery

Coda Rossa Winery is a winery in the Franklinville section of Franklin Township in Gloucester County, New Jersey, United States. The vineyard was first planted in 2002. The current owners obtained the property in 2006, and Coda Rossa opened to the public in 2010. Coda Rossa has 10 acres of grapes under cultivation, and produces 1,500 cases of wine per year. The winery is named for the Italian words "coda rossa" which mean "red tail," because of the red-tailed hawks that live near the farm.
Wines.
Coda Rossa Winery is in the Outer Coastal Plain AVA, and produces wine from Barbera, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cayuga White, Chambourcin, Chardonnay, Concord, Durif (Petite Sirah), Merlot, Nebbiolo, Niagara, Pinot gris, Sangiovese, Sauvignon blanc, Syrah, Vidal blanc, and Zinfandel grapes. The winery also makes fruit wines from blackberries, blueberries, peaches, and raspberries.
Licensing, associations, and other properties.
Coda Rossa has a plenary winery license from the New Jersey Division of Alcoholic Beverage Control, which allows it to produce an unrestricted amount of wine, operate up to 15 off-premises sales rooms, and ship up to 12 cases per year to consumers in-state or out-of-state. The winery is a member of the Garden State Wine Growers Association and the Outer Coastal Plain Vineyard Association.
In 2004, the owners of Coda Rossa founded The Wine Room, an instructional winemaking facility in Cherry Hill, New Jersey.


Peppin Merino

The Peppin Merino is a breed of Merino sheep raised for their wool, mostly in Australia. So important is the Peppin Merino that wool producers throughout Australia often classify their sheep simply as being either Peppin, or non-Peppin.
Peppin merino wool is in the 20 to 23 micron range. The Peppin is prevalent in the sheep flocks of Queensland, on the slopes and plains of New South Wales, through the north of Victoria and the mixed farming areas of South Australia and Western Australia. It can also be found in significant numbers in the higher rainfall areas of Victoria, Tasmania and New South Wales.
History.
In March 1858, the Peppin brothers, who had emigrated from Old Shute Farm, Dulverton, Somerset in England, purchased Wanganella Station, near Wanganella township in the Riverina district of New South Wales. The Peppins then selected 200 station-bred ewes that thrived under local conditions and purchased 100 Rambouillet-sired stud ewes from Nicholas Chadwick of Canally, New South Wales.
The Peppin brothers mainly used Saxon (a few of the best Victorian rams) and Rambouillet rams, importing four in 1860. One of these, Emperor, cut an 11.4 kg (5.1 kg clean) fleece. They also bought two sons of Old Grimes, a famous plain-bodied Vermont ram, but from then on they bred only from their own sheep. In 1871, Fred Peppin said,
"We were satisfied with the type of wool that the country would grow, instead of endeavoring to produce what the climate and soil continually fight against. Thus we developed all its good natural tendencies and after the flock had a character of its own, tried experiments on a small scale only, and in such a way that they could do no permanent injury, and abandoned then when they were found not to achieve the desired object."
They ran some Lincoln ewes, but their introduction into the flock is undocumented.
In 1874, the Peppin brothers, George and Frederick, formed a double stud (recorded ewe and ram pedigree), the foundation stock being selected by T. F. Cumming. They kept careful records of the yields of individual sheep, and breeding was methodically conducted. At the Deniliquin show in July 1878, Peppin & Sons won the society's, Goldsbrough's and the president's prizes for sheep. The next year, Wanganella sheep won first prize for the most valuable fleeces from six ewes at the Sydney International Exhibition.
George Peppin died in 1876, and in October 1878, Frederick Peppin sold Wanganella, South Boonoke and Long Plains with 28,168 sheep, 837 stud sheep, 200 cattle, 25 horses and 32,857 acres (132.97 km²) of freehold for £77,000 to Austin & Millear. North Boonoke station with 26,788 sheep, 290 cattle, 63 horses and 31,484 acres (127.41 km²) of freehold land was sold for £67,000 to F. S. Falkiner, Malcolm McKenzie and J. R. Ross in November 1878.
Falkiner bought out his partners in 1882, transformed the property and developed a stud with sheep bred from the original Peppin stock. When Franc Falkiner died in 1909, he had amassed in excess of 500,000 acres (2,000 km²) of Riverina grazing land and was running a quarter of a million Boonoke blood sheep.
In 1895, Austin and Millear dissolved their partnership, with Austin retaining Wanganella in the west and Millear taking the eastern half, which was renamed Wanganella Estate as was Millear's Merino Stud. In 1910, the Falkiner sons purchased Wanganella Estate and its stud flock. In 1958, the Peppin property was reunited when F S Falkiner & Sons purchased Wanganella from Austin.
The two studs created when Frederick Peppin sold Wanganella (Wanganella and Boonoke) continue today along with Boonoke poll started in 1934.


Earl Catherwood

Albert Earl Catherwood (23 May 1900 – 25 March 1988) was a Canadian politician and farmer. Catherwood served as a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada. Born in Hagersville, Ontario, he was a farmer by career. He was also reeve of Walpole Township, Ontario in 1947 after being a councillor there from 1935 to 1943.
He was first elected to Parliament at the Haldimand riding in the 1949 general election. When the riding was dissolved in 1952, Catherwood did not seek re-election in the new Brant—Haldimand riding but instead let John Charlton stand as the Progressive Conservative candidate for the 1953 election. He died aged 87 in 1988 at West Haldimand General Hospital, where he had resided since 1986.


Hunt Country Vineyards

Hunt Country Vineyards is a vineyard and winery located near Keuka Lake in the Finger Lakes AVA region of New York State, USA.
History.
Hunt Country Vineyards was founded in 1981 by Arthur C. Hunt and Joyce H. Hunt. The property was first purchased by Arthur Hunt's great great grandfather, Ambrose Hunt (b. 1803) in 1852 and has been farmed continuously by his descendants until the present day. The oldest grapevines on the vineyard were planted in 1904 and are of the concord and Niagara varieties. When the current generation of Hunts took over the farm in 1973, there were of the two varieties planted. In 2008, of grapes were harvested.
Geography.
The farm is located west of Branchport, New York. The vineyard soils are glacially deposited gravelly loam, with a 5–7% slope.
Viticulture.
The Hunts enrich the soil with natural compost made from the grape pomace (seeds and skins) left after pressing the grapes, mixed with manure from a neighboring farm.
Between 1984 and 1988, the Hunts collaborated with Cornell Cooperative Extension Grape Specialist Dr. Tom Zabadal to convert undesirable grape varieties to more promising wine varieties by the use of field grafting in cold climate vineyards. Under normal conditions, it takes seven years to convert a vineyard to a new variety. This includes removing old vines, planting other crops to replenish the soil and remove all traces of the old root stock, replanting new vines and allowing them to grow to maturity. The field grafting process reduced the time to two years.
The vineyard produces several French-American varieties, including Seyval blanc, Vignoles, Vidal blanc, and De Chaunac, as well as three Cornell varieties: Cayuga White, Horizon and Valvin Muscat. Two "Vitis vinifera" varieties are also produced: Riesling and Cabernet Franc, and three native varieties: Concord, Niagara and Delaware grape. The vines yield an average of 4-6 tons of grapes per acre.
Experimental and sustainable practices.
Hunt Country Vineyards current experimental agricultural techniques include English ground ivy (partly funded by the USDA SARE program, planted under and between rows of grapes to reduce the need for herbicides and mowing), biodiesel from waste grease (to power tractors), along with a small wind turbine for producing electricity, and bat houses to encourage natural insect predators.
In 2020, the New York Wine & Grape Foundation awarded Hunt Country Vineyards the Sustainability Award for “noteworthy sustainable practices and a commitment to conserving natural resources, protecting our environment, and contributing to the overall success of the New York State economy.”
Wine production and distribution.
Hunt Country Vineyards produces an average of 12,000 cases per year of 21 different wines, and has a production capacity of 70,000 gallons. The winery is perhaps best known for its Vidal Ice Wine, which is a dessert wine produced in colder wine regions when grapes are left on the vine late into the winter. The grapes are hand picked and pressed frozen, leaving the water behind as ice. The concentrated juice is then fermented to produce this intensely sweet dessert wine.
The Vidal ice wine was featured on NBC's Today Show in 2006.