Jacob Heerbrand

Jacob Heerbrand (12 August 1521 – 22 May 1600) was a German Protestant theologian, reformer and controversialist.
Life.
He was born at Giengen in Swabia on 12 August 1521. He was educated at the school at
Ulm, and at the universities of Wittenberg (M.A., 1543) and Tübingen (D.Theol., 1550). He was for five years (1538–43) the pupil of Martin Luther and Philip Melanchthon.
In 1543 he entered the service of the Württemberg Church and accepted a diaconate at Tübingen, in order to continue his studies. For refusing to accept the Interim he was removed from his office, along with Erhard Schnepf, on 11 November 1548 but remained in Tübingen to study Hebrew under Oswald Schreckenfuchs, in company with Jakob Andreä. On 11 February 1551 he became pastor at Herrenberg, near Ehingen, where Johann Brenz was then residing.
In June 1551 Heerbrand with other local theologians subscribed to the "Confessio Wirtembergica", and in March 1552, with Brenz and Jakob Beurlin he was sent to defend it at the Council of Trent. Heerbrand cooperated with the Swabians in their efforts to allay the Osiandrian controversies (1552–53), and in May 1554 he was sent to a conference of theologians at Naumburg. On the invitation of the Margrave of Baden-Pforzheim he went to Pforzheim in September 1556, as pastor and director of the State Church, which had just been reformed on the basis of the Württemberg agenda. In September 1557, he returned to Tübingen as professor of theology, a position which he retained for forty years, being the last pupil of the Wittenberg Reformers to occupy this chair. He was at the same time superintendent of the stipendium, and eight times rector of the university. In 1590 he succeeded
Andreä as chancellor of the university and provost of the cathedral church.
He was a frequent festival orator at great academic ceremonies, including the memorial service in honor of Melanchthon in 1560, and at the university jubilee in 1578. On 5 January 1599 he resigned his offices because of infirmity. He died at Tübingen on 22 May 1600.
Works.
As a dogmatician he exerted influence through his disputations and his "Compendium theologicae methodi quaestionibus tradatum" (Tübingen, 1573). During the negotiations of the Tübingen theologians with Patriarch Jeremias II of Constantinople, it was translated by Martin Crusius into Greek, and circulated to Constantinople, Alexandria, Greece, and Asia Minor.
Heerbrand as a controversialist engaged many Roman Catholic theologians: with the Dominican Peter a Soto, in vindication of the "Confessio Wirtembergica" in 1561; with Melchior Zanger of Ehingen-Rottenburg; with E. Gotthard of Passau; with J. B. Fickler of Salzburg; with Wilhelm Lindanus, bishop of Ruremond; with the Polish Stanislas Socolocius; with the Freiburg professors F. Lorichius and Michael Hager, and especially with the Jesuits Heinrich Blissemius of Prague and Graz, Gregory of Valencia at Ingolstadt, Sigmund Emhofer of Vienna, and Georg Scherer of Graz. Heerbrand claimed that the ultimate aim of the Jesuit party's literary activity was calumny of Protestantism, adulation of Roman Catholic princes, and subversion of religious peace ("Refutatio crassissimorum errorum", ii. 17; "Apologia explicationis", p. 55).


Giovanni Battista Natali (bishop)

Giovanni Battista Natali (1628-1687) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Ston (1683–1687).
Biography.
Giovanni Battista Natali was born in Ragusa and ordained a priest in the Order of Preachers. On 15 Nov 1683, he was appointed by Pope Innocent XI as Bishop of Ston. He served as Bishop of Ston until his death on 4 August 1687.


Ann-Helen Fjeldstad Jusnes

Ann-Helen Fjeldstad Jusnes (born 21 July 1956) is a Norwegian bishop of the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland. She succeeded Tor Berger Jørgensen on 24 January 2016. Before she became a bishop, Jusnes was the Dean of Lofoten for eight years, and had previously also been a member and politician of the Labor Party in Flakstad.
Biography.
Jusnes was ordained a priest in 1984 and has worked as a priest in Hamar and the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland. She spent the majority of her priesthood in Lofoten, with two periods as a pastor in Flakstad and eight years as a Dean.
Ann-Helen Fjelstad Jusnes was nominated as a candidate to succeed Tor Berger Jørgensen as Bishop of Sør-Hålogaland in 2015, and received the greatest support from all candidates in all consultation rounds. On 17 September she was elected bishop by the church council, being the fourth person, and first woman, to be elected by the church council since gaining autonomy from the Norwegian government.


Hugh of Balma

Hugh of Balma, also known as Hugo of Palma or Hugh of Dorche was a Carthusian theologian, generally acknowledged to be the author of the work which is generally entitled "Viae Syon Lugent" ("The Roads to Zion Mourn"), after its opening line, but is also known as "De Mystica Theologia", "De Theologia Mystica" and "De Triplici Via". It is a comprehensive treatment of the "Mystical Theology" of Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite. The work was attributed to Saint Bonaventure in medieval and early modern times, but this attribution was firmly rejected and attributed to Hugh by the editors of the critical edition of Bonaventure's work, the Franciscans of Quaracchi, in 1895.
The identity of Hugh is unclear. Since the seventeenth century, he has typically been identified with Hugh of Dorche, prior of the Carthusian Charterhouse of Meyriat in Bresse, between Geneva and Lyon, from 1293–95 and 1303–05. More recently, Harald Walach has argued that this identification is flawed. He thinks it unlikely that the prior of an out-of-the-way charterhouse like Meyriat would have had the detailed knowledge of scholastic philosophy and theology that he detects in "Viae Syon Lugent". Instead, he suggests that Hugh of Balma (or, better, Hugh of Palma) should not be identified with Hugh of Dorche, but was instead an Englishman, educated in Oxford, who studied in Paris in the 1250s, and was not a Carthusian. However, this alternative theory has not found wider favour in recent works. The 1907 "Catholic Encyclopedia" cites a tradition now discredited that Hugh of Balma was a 'Franciscan theologian, born at Genera' who died in 1439, and the confessor of St Colette. The most likely theory remains that which sees him as a Carthusian prior of Meyriat, identifying him with Hugh of Dorche.
Although the work "Viae Syon Lugent" is likely to have been written in the second half of the thirteenth century, it is hard to date more precisely. It is likely to have been written subsequently to Thomas Gallus’s "Explanatio Mysticae Theologiae" (ca.1241?), from which Hugh quotes, but was composed before the death in 1297 of the Frenchman Guigo of Ponte, who in his "De Contemplatione" alludes to Hugh’s work. Walach argues that Hugh's writing is influenced by certain works by Bonaventure, written around 1260, but it is possible that both Hugh and Bonaventure were simply drawing on the same sources of the Dionysian tradition. Therefore, it is hard to be more precise than stating that the work was probably written between around 1240 and 1297.
Hugh has generally been identified with the assertion that one can rise to God by love alone, without any cognition accompanying or leading the way. However, it has been suggested that this arose in particular because of a misreading of Hugh in the 1450s, during controversy over the definition of mystical theology involving the Carthusian Vincent of Aggsbach, Nicholas of Cusa and the abbot of the Benedictine monastery of Tegernsee, Bernard of Waging.
"Viae Syon Lugent" may well have had impact on subsequent late medieval writers: more than one hundred full or partial manuscripts of "Viae Syon Lugent" survive. It received many Latin printings from the fifteenth century onwards, generally within collections of Bonaventure's works. In large part because it was understood to be by Bonaventure, it was partially translated into German in the fifteenth century. It was also printed in Spanish in Toledo in 1514 as "Sol des contemplativos", an edition which influenced Francisco de Osuna's "The Third Spiritual Alphabet", and perhaps subsequent Spanish Carmelite spiritual writing. It has been suggested that its thought may have influenced the author of "The Cloud of Unknowing".


Efrem Giesen

Efrem Geisen (born 1868 in Amsterdam) was a Dutch clergyman and bishop for the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Jinan. He was ordained in 1893. He was appointed bishop in 1902. He died in 1919.


Foluso Olugbenga Babatunji

Foluso Olugbenga Babatunji is an Anglican bishop in Nigeria:
Babatunji was born on 27 May 1968 in Osun State. He was educated at Ijebu-jesa Grammar School, Immanuel College of Theology, Ibadan
He was ordained in 1991. He has served in four Dioceses. Babatunji later became an Archdeacon. In 2019 he succeeded James Afolabi Popoola as Bishop of Osun.


Luis del Castillo Estrada

Luis del Castillo Estrada, S.J. (born 21 June 1931, in Montevideo) is a Uruguayan Roman Catholic cleric.
Biography.
Luis del Castillo was ordained priest on 30 July 1966 in the Society of Jesus.
On 9 April 1988 he was appointed titular bishop of Tarasa in Numidia and auxiliary bishop of Montevideo.
He was appointed Bishop of Melo on 21 December 1999, a post he held for almost a decade. He had to resign on 13 June 2009 due to illness.


Gilbert de Greenlaw

Gilbert de Greenlaw (1354–1421) was a medieval Bishop of Aberdeen and Bishop-elect of St. Andrews. He was a Licentiate in the Arts, and had been a canon of Bishopric of Moray by the late 1370s, before being provided by Avignon Pope Clement VII the church of Liston in the Bishopric of St. Andrews in 1379. By the later 1380s, he was in the diocese of Aberdeen. In 1389, he was elected to hold the bishopric of Aberdeen, a position to which he was consecrated in 1390. Gilbert subsequently went on to hold the position of Chancellor of Scotland for many years, albeit in an interrupted manner. Gilbert was subsequently postulated to the more prestigious bishopric of St. Andrews after the death of Walter de Danyelston, its previous Bishop-elect. However, Avignon Pope Benedict XIII quashed the postulation, and chose Henry Wardlaw in his stead. Gilbert, then, remained Bishop of Aberdeen, and died in 1421.


Seamless robe of Jesus

The Seamless Robe of Jesus (also known as the Holy Robe, Holy Tunic, Holy Coat, Honorable Robe, and Chiton of the Lord) is the robe said to have been worn by Jesus during or shortly before his crucifixion. Competing traditions claim that the robe has been preserved to the present day. One tradition places it in the Cathedral of Trier, another places it in Argenteuil's Basilique Saint-Denys, and several traditions claim that it is now in various Eastern Orthodox churches, notably Svetitskhoveli Cathedral in Mtskheta, Georgia.
Bible passage.
According to the Gospel of John, the soldiers who crucified Jesus did not divide his tunic after crucifying him, but cast lots to determine who would keep it because it was woven in one piece, without seam. A distinction is made in the New Testament Greek between the
"himatia" (literally “over-garments”) and the seamless robe, which is "chiton", (literally "tunic" or "coat").
Trier tradition.
According to legend, Helena, mother of Constantine the Great, discovered the seamless robe in the Holy Land in the year 327 or 328 along with several other relics, including the True Cross. According to different versions of the story, she either bequeathed it or sent it to the city of Trier, where Constantine had lived for some years before becoming emperor. (The monk Altmann of Hautvillers wrote in the 9th century that Helena was born in that city, though this report is strongly disputed by most modern historians.)
The history of the Trier robe is certain only from the 12th century. On May 1, 1196, Archbishop Johann I of Trier consecrated an altar in which the seamless robe was contained. It is no longer possible to determine the exact historical path that the robe took to arrive there, so that many hold it to be a medieval forgery. Sections of taffeta and silk have been added to the robe, and it was dipped in a rubber solution in the 19th century in an attempt to preserve it. The few remaining original sections are not suitable for carbon dating. The stigmatist Therese Neumann of Konnersreuth declared that the Trier robe was authentic.
The relic is normally kept folded in a reliquary and cannot be directly viewed by the faithful. In 1512, during an Imperial Diet, Emperor Maximilian I demanded to see the Holy Robe which was kept in the Cathedral. Archbishop Richard von Greiffenklau arranged the opening of the altar that had enshrined the tunic since the building of the Dome and exhibited it. The people of Trier heard about that and demanded to see the Holy Robe. Subsequently, pilgrimages took place at irregular intervals to view the garment: 1513, 1514, 1515, 1516, 1517, 1524, 1531, 1538, 1545, 1655, 1810, 1844, 1891, 1933, 1959, 1981, 1996, and 2012. The 1844 exhibition of the relic, on the instructions of Wilhelm Arnoldi, Bishop of Trier, led to the formation of the German Catholics ("Deutschkatholiken"), a schismatic sect formed in December of that year under the leadership of Johannes Ronge. The 1996 exhibition of the tunic was seen by over one million pilgrims and visitors. Since then, the Bishopric of Trier has conducted an annual ten-day religious festival called the "Heilig-Rock-Tage".
Argenteuil tradition.
According to the Argenteuil tradition, the Empress Irene made a gift of the seamless robe to Charlemagne in about the year 800. Charlemagne gave it to his daughter Theocrate, abbess of Argenteuil, where it was preserved in the church of the Benedictines. In 1793, the parish priest, fearing that the robe would be desecrated in the French Revolution, cut the robe into pieces and hid them in separate places. Only four of the pieces remain. They were moved to the present church of Argenteuil in 1895.
The earliest document referring to the robe at Argenteuil dates from 1156, written by Archbishop Hugh of Rouen. He described it, however, as the garment of the child Jesus. A long-running dispute claims that the Argenteuil cloth is actually not the seamless robe worn by Jesus during the crucifixion, but the garments woven for him by the Virgin Mary and worn his entire life. Advocates of the theory that the Argenteuil cloth is the seamless robe claim that the Trier robe is actually Jesus's mantle.
Eastern traditions.
The Eastern Orthodox Church has also preserved a tradition regarding the clothing of Jesus which was divided among the soldiers after the crucifixion.
According to the tradition of the Georgian Orthodox Church, the chiton was acquired by a Jewish Rabbi from Georgia named Elioz (Elias), who was present in Jerusalem at the time of the crucifixion and bought the robe from a soldier. He brought it with him when he returned to his native town of Mtskheta, Georgia, where it is preserved to this day beneath a crypt in the Patriarchal Svetitskhoveli Cathedral. The feast day in honor of the "Chiton of the Lord" is celebrated on October 1.
A portion of the himation was also brought to Georgia, but it was placed in the treasury of the Svetitskhoveli Cathedral, where it remained until the seventeenth century. Then the Persian Shah Abbas I, when he invaded Georgia, carried off the robe. At the insistence of the Russian ambassador [2] and Tsar Michael Feodorovich, the Shah sent the robe as a gift to Patriarch Philaret (1619–1633) and Tsar Michael in 1625. The authenticity of the robe was attested by Nectarius, Archbishop of Vologda, by Patriarch Theophanes of Jerusalem and by Joannicius the Greek. Reports also circulated at that time of miraculous signs being worked through the relic.
Later, two portions of the robe were taken to Saint Petersburg: one in the cathedral at the Winter Palace, and the other in Sts. Peter and Paul Cathedral. A portion of the Robe was also preserved at the Cathedral of the Dormition in Moscow, and small portions at Kiev’s Sophia Cathedral, at the Ipatiev monastery near Kostroma and at certain other old temples.
The Russian Orthodox Church commemorates the Placing of the Honorable Robe of the Lord at Moscow on July 10 (July 25 N.S.). At Moscow annually on that day, the robe is solemnly brought out of the chapel of the Apostles Peter and Paul at the Dormition cathedral, and it is placed on a stand for veneration by the faithful during the divine services. After the Divine Liturgy the robe is returned to its former place. Traditionally, on this day the propers chanted are of "the Life-Creating Cross", since the day on which the relic was actually placed was the Sunday of the Cross, during Great Lent of 1625.


Evans Ibeagha

Evans Jonathan Ibeagha is a former Anglican bishop in Nigeria. He was the inaugural Bishop of Nike until his retirement in 2019.
He was elected in 2007 as the first Bishop of Nike.


Pope John X of Alexandria

Pope John X of Alexandria (Abba Yoannis X) was the 85th Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of St. Mark.
John was known by El-Mo'ataman the Syrian, and he was from Damascus, Syria. He was a righteous and knowledgeable man. He was enthroned on the 12th of Pashons in the Coptic calendar (May 7, 1363 AD). He remained on the throne for six years, two months, and seven days. He was buried at Saint Mercurius Church in Coptic Cairo beside Simon the Tanner.


Ludovico Bonito

Ludovico Bonito (died 1413) was a Roman Catholic cardinal.
Biography.
On 1 Jun 1387, Ludovico Bonito was appointed during the papacy of Pope Urban VI as Archbishop of Palermo.
In 1395, he was transferred by Pope Boniface IX to the Archdiocese of Bar.
On Dec 1395, he was named during the papacy of Pope Boniface IX as Titular Archbishop of "Thessalonica".
On 5 Sep 1399, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Boniface IX as Archbishop (Personal Title) of Bergamo.
On 15 Nov 1400, he was transferred by Pope Boniface IX to the Archdiocese of Pisa.
On 29 Jul 1407, he was transferred by Pope Gregory XII to the Archdiocese of Taranto.
On 9 May 1408, he was created cardinal priest of Santa Maria in Trastevere by Pope Gregory XII; he kept the administration of his see until 1412.
He died in 1413.


Antonio Palang

Antonio Pepito Palang (13 June 1943 – 21 April 2021) was a Filipino Roman Catholic bishop.
Palang was born in the Philippines and was ordained to the priesthood in 1972. He served as the titular bishop of "Thuburbo Minus" and as the bishop of the Apostolic Vicariate of San Jose in Mindoro, Philippines, from 2002 to 2018.


Caspar Coolhaes

Caspar Coolhaes, or Koolhaas, (1536–1615) was a Reformed minister in the Netherlands and a libertine opponent of Calvinistic confessionalism.
Caspar Coolhaes was born in Cologne in 1536. He studied at Düsseldorf. In 1566 he joined the Reformation. He pastored in the regions of Zweibruck and Nassau. In 1574 he accepted a professorship at the new University of Leiden.
He became a noted figure in the 16th century in the Netherlands in the conflict between how the church and state should interact. An influx of strict Calvinists into Leiden lobbied for the church's freedom to deal harshly with heretics and impose punishments, while Protestants Coolhaes, Pieter Hackius, and others argued along with Thomas Erastus that it was right for the civil magistrates to maintain control over punishment and order, even in church matters. The dispute was engendered, in part, by the fear that the unfettered church could in theory create an increasingly totalitarian state with its own systems of punishments.
A provincial synod at Haarlem eventually excommunicated Coolhaes on 25 March 1582 when he refused to sign the Belgic Confession. However, the city government of Leiden subsidized Coolhaes until 1586. He eventually resigned the professorship at the University of Leiden, and died a private teacher at Leiden in 1615.
Because of his opposition to the Calvinist governmental model, opposition to the Calvinist doctrine of absolute predestination, Coolhaes' appeal for religious liberty, in combination with his professorship when Jacob Arminius was a student at Leiden, Coolhaes is considered by some as an important forerunner to Arminianism.


The Mirror and the Light

The Mirror & The Light is a historical novel by English writer Hilary Mantel. Following "Wolf Hall" (2009) and "Bring Up the Bodies" (2012), it is the final instalment in her trilogy charting the rise and fall of Thomas Cromwell, minister in the court of King Henry VIII, covering the last four years of his life, from 1536 until his death by execution in 1540.
Mantel's twelfth novel, her first in almost eight years, "The Mirror & The Light" was published in March 2020 to widespread critical acclaim, and enjoyed brisk sales. In December 2020, Emily Temple of Literary Hub reported that the novel had made 13 lists of the best books of 2020.
Plot.
"The Mirror & The Light" covers the period following the death of Anne Boleyn in 1536. It documents Cromwell’s ascent to the pinnacle of his riches and power, followed by his fall from royal favour and his public execution at Tower Hill in 1540.
Publication.
Though Mantel had originally hoped to publish the book in 2018, it did not appear until March 2020. Mantel dismissed speculation the novel had been delayed due to writer’s block, distractions caused by stage and screen adaptations of her previous novels, or because she couldn’t bring herself to write Cromwell's execution scene. Saying the project had simply been difficult, Mantel added, "But that’s not an explanation that has any news value, so people are looking for a dramatic story of the whole process breaking down.”
When it was published in the UK on 5 March 2020, bookstores opened at midnight to sell the title. Initial UK sales were brisk, with over 95,000 copies sold in the first three days. Henry Holt and Company published the US edition five days later, on 10 March 2020.
Reception.
"The Mirror and the Light" received mostly laudatory reviews from critics. The "New York Times" called it "the triumphant capstone to Mantel’s trilogy," the "Financial Times" called it "majestic and often breathtakingly poetic," and the "Washington Post" called it a "masterful finale." The "Times Literary Supplement" called it "some of the most complex and immersive fiction to have come along in years," while the "Guardian" hailed it as a "masterpiece" and called Mantel's Cromwell trilogy "the greatest English novels of this century." The "Los Angeles Times" called Mantel "unique among modern novelists in her ability to make the past as viscerally compelling as the present," "USA Today" said that "every page is rich with insight," and the "Wall Street Journal" called her Cromwell trilogy "a brilliant engagement with the exercise and metaphysics of power in 16th-century Europe." However, the "New Yorker" criticised the lengthy novel (754 pages in its US edition), calling it "a bloated and only occasionally captivating work."
"The Mirror and the Light" was shortlisted for the 2020 Women's Prize for Fiction.


Aleksandar Bresztyenszky

Aleksandar Bresztyenszky (September 6, 1843, Prečec – May 9, 1904, Pleso near Velika Gorica) was a Croatian law writer and politician, professor and rector of the University of Zagreb.
He studied law in Zagreb and Budapest, where he received his Ph.D. in 1868. He was the head of the Cathedra of Hungarian-Croatian Civil Law at the Law Academy, and soon after in 1874 on Law and State Faculty within the newly established Royal University of Franz Joseph I. In the inaugural rectorship ceremony for Stjepan Spevec, he held a welcome speech announcing the ceremony. He served as rector in the academic year 1880/1881, and after his mandate expired he founded Foundation Anke Bresztyenszky b. Štefanić for the best student expert discussion (a precursor to what is today "Rector's Award"). He served as a prorector in the academic year 1881-82.
After leaving the Unionist Party and the 1894 retirement, he began his publicist activity having joined the opposition as a leader of the Party of Rights. He was a city representative in Zagreb, and a representative in the parliament. He advocated unification of the Western and Eastern Church.
A street in Zagreb was named after him in 1933.


Pietro Bonilli

Pietro Bonilli (15 March 1841 - 5 January 1935) was an Italian Roman Catholic priest and the founder of the Sisters of the Holy Family of Spoleto. Bonilli served as a diocesan priest for his entire life in both Trevi and Spoleto while using his order to reach out to orphans and homeless people.
Pope John Paul II beatified Bonilli on 24 April 1988.
Life.
Pietro Bonilli was born in Perugia on 15 March 1841 to the farmers Sebastiano Bonilli and Maria Allegri. His mother and the local parish oversaw his initial education due to there being no school close enough for Bonilli to go to; he was a diligent student and successful in mathematical and philosophical studies.
Bonilli was ordained to the priesthood on 19 December 1863. He was appointed as the parish priest of Trevi and remained in that post until 1897. Bonilli founded his own religious congregation on 13 May 1888 in order to better care for orphans and homeless people while also providing them with a Christian and civic education. He also focused on catering to the needs of the deaf and the blind. Bonilli had four postulants enter and the latter hopefuls received their habit from the Archbishop of Spoleto Elvezio Pagliari. He also opened an orphanage for children in 1887.
He became the canon of the Spoleto Cathedral in 1898. His spiritual guide was the priest Lodovico Pieri - the latter was also the guide of Tommaso Riccardi. The congregation went on to flourish and received the papal decree of praise of Pope Pius X on 8 March 1911 while on 10 May 1932 receiving full papal approval from Pope Pius XI.
Bonilli died in 1935 after his health started to deteriorate from 1918; he had lost his sight in 1929. His remains were transferred from their previous location on 24 April 1988 due to the earthquake of 26 September 1997. His order now operates in places such as India and El Salvador. As of 2005 there were 58 houses and a total of 385 religious.
Beatification.
The beatification process commenced in the Archdiocese of Spoleto-Norcia in an informative task assigned with collecting all available evidence on Bonilli's life in the form of either documents or witness testimonies that would attest to his saintliness and potential sanctification. Theologians approved all of his writings on 26 July 1953 as being in line with the tradition of the faith and not in contradiction of it.
The title of Servant of God was bestowed upon Bonilli after the cause opened on 1 July 1964 under Pope Paul VI. An apostolic process was initiated not long after and the Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated the previous processes in Rome on 16 January 1970.
The Positio was submitted to the C.C.S. in 1984 which resulted in Pope John Paul II proclaiming Bonilli to be Venerable on 30 June 1986 upon the recognition of his life of heroic virtue.
The miracle needed for beatification was investigated in a diocesan process in the place that it occurred in and received the validation of the C.C.S. on 21 June 1985. The medical board assented to the healing as being a miracle on 5 November 1986 and theologians did the same on 13 March 1987; the C.C.S. followed suit on 2 June 1987. The pope granted final approval to it a month later and beatified Bonilli on 24 April 1988.
The current postulator assigned to the cause is Giovangiuseppe Califano.


John Heaver

John Heaver DD (d. 23 June 1670) was a Canon of Windsor from 1662 to 1670.
Career.
Heaver was educated at Clare College, Cambridge and awarded a BA degree in 1640, MA in 1643 and DD in 1661.
He was a Fellow of Eton College during 1661–1670. He was appointed to the ninth stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1662, a position he held until 1670.
In his will, Heaver left £100 to give apprenticeships to poor children in Windsor. He also left £700 to the rebuilding of Clare College, Cambridge.


David Pardo (Dutch rabbi, born in Amsterdam)

David ben Joseph Pardo was a 17th-century rabbi. He was born in Amsterdam. His father was Rabbi Joseph Pardo (c. 1624 – 1677), "hazzan" in London and author of ""Shulḥan Tahor"."
Personal life.
He was married to Esther Abenatar.
Works.
He edited his father's work ""Shulḥan Tahor" and also translated the work into Spanish under the title of "Compendio de Dinim" (Amsterdam, 1689). The other works attributed to him by Julius Fürst ("Bibliotheca Judaica"" iii. 67) were written by David ben Jacob Pardo.


Filemon Mataka

Filemon Mataka was an Anglican bishopin Zambiain the second half of the 20th Century: he was the first African bishop in the Church of the Province of Central Africa.
Mubula was born in 1909 at Msoro. He was ordained deacon in 1941 and priest in 1943. After service as a priest in the Diocese of Northern Rhodesia he was appointed the Suffragan Bishopof Zambia in 1964 and the Archdeacon of Eastern Zambia in 1966. He was Priest in charge of St Peter, Lusaka from 1966 to 1969. In 1970 he was appointed Bishop of Zambia and in 1971 he was appointed the first Bishop of Lusaka.


Matt Odmark

Matthew Thomas Odmark (born January 25, 1974) is an American musician most known for being a guitarist for Christian alternative folk rock group Jars of Clay.
Biography.
Matthew Odmark was raised in Rochester, New York where he attended McQuaid Jesuit High School. He studied English literature at the University of Rochester. As a youth he knew pianist Charlie Lowell. When guitarist Matt Bronleewe left Lowell's band Jars of Clay, Odmark took his place as guitarist and backing vocalist.
In 2001, Jars of Clay were awarded honorary graduations from Greenville College due to their demonstrated understanding of their craft. Despite never being an attendee of the school, Odmark was granted this award also.
Personal life.
Matthew Odmark is married to Kristen Odmark. They adopted their son, Dylan Matthew Odmark, in 2007. They adopted another son, Owen Leigh Odmark, in 2009.
Awards.
In 2001, at the Orville H. Gibson Guitar Awards, Odmark received "Best Acoustic Guitar (Male)".


Fernando Ortega

Juan Fernando Ortega (born March 2, 1957) is a singer-songwriter in contemporary Christian music. He is noted both for his interpretations of many traditional hymns and songs, such as "Give Me Jesus", "Be Thou My Vision" and "Praise to the Lord, the Almighty", and for writing clear and easily understood songs such as "This Good Day".
Biography.
Ortega was born and raised in Albuquerque, New Mexico, near the banks of the Rio Grande. He started learning piano at eight years of age. Through his father's work with the United States Department of State, he also spent time in Ecuador and Barbados. His family lived in Chimayo, New Mexico, for eight generations, which has been cited by reviewers as an influence on his music.
Ortega graduated from Valley High School and the University of New Mexico, where he received his bachelor's degree in music education.
It is from his heritage and classical training at the University of New Mexico where Ortega derives his sound, embracing country, classical, Celtic, Latin American, world, modern folk and rustic hymnody.
Charts.
"Storm" reached No. 197 on the "Billboard" 200 in 2002.
"Christmas Songs" reached No. 36 on the Billboard Christmas Album Chart in 2009.
Awards.
Dove Awards


M. de Dunblan

M. de Dunblan is the way the first known Bishop of Dunblane is written in a copy of a papal bull of Pope Adrian IV preserved in England; the bull dates to 1155.
The papal bull was addressed to the bishops of Scotland ordering them to submit to the metropolitan authority of the Archbishop of York; the copyist made two other mistakes in the initials of bishops, so it is not totally reliable.
Cockburn speculated that "M." might stand for Máel Ísu; it is very unlikely that "M." was a mistake for "La.", standing for Laurence the successor of "M." at Dunblane.


Eric Brereton

Eric Hugh Brereton, OBE (1889 - 1962) was Dean of Glasgow and Galloway from 1959 to 1962.
He was born on 17 November 1889, educated at Durham University;and ordained deacon in 1912, and priest in 1913. Following curacies in Leith and at St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh he was a Chaplain to the Forces from 1915 to 1919. He was then a Chaplain to the Territorial Army until 1940. He was Rector of Christ Church, Morningside from 1921 until 1927;Vice-Provost of St Mary's Cathedral, Glasgow from 1927 until 1933; and Rector of St Margaret Glasgow from 1933 until his death on 8 December 1962.


Henry Henderson (missionary)

Henry Henderson (1843, Perthshire, Scotland12 February 1891, Quilimane, Mozambique) was a lay Church of Scotland missionary in present-day Malawi. He founded the Blantyre Mission in Malawi.
Henderson was the son of a Church of Scotland minister. He studied briefly at the University of Edinburgh, and then worked briefly in Queensland, Australia. In 1875, he volunteered to represent the Church of Scotland in an endeavour by the Free Church of Scotland to establish a mission in the Lake Malawi region in memory of medical missionary and explorer David Livingstone (1813-73). In 1876, Chief Kapeni gave Henderson land at modern Blantyre (named after Livingstone's birthplace) to create a Church of Scotland mission. There were difficulties in the early years: some of the missionaries had unrealistic expectations, and were indisciplined. In 1881, Rev. Duff MacDonald (who had headed the mission since 1878) and some other missionaries were dismissed. After the appointment of Rev. David C. Scott to head the mission, Henderson expanded its activities to Zomba, Domasi and Mulanje. He died in 1891, on a return journey to Scotland.
A river steamer, "Henry Henderson", purchased by Blantyre Mission in 1892, was named in his honour. She was manned by African graduates of the Mission, and operated as a floating church and school on Shire River, the largest river in Malawi. The Henry Henderson Institute, an educational institute in Blantyre, was named in his honour; it now lies within the grounds of St Michael and All Angels Church, Blantyre.


Abel Oluyemi Ajibodu

Abel Oluyemi Ajibodu is an Anglican bishop in Nigeria: he is the current Bishop of Ile-Oluji.
He has previously served as an Archdeacon and a Dean.
He was consecrated as Bishop of Ile-Oluji in July 2017 at the Archbishop Vining Memorial Church Cathedral in Ikeja.


Faiz-ul-Aqtab Siddiqi

Faiz-ul-Aqtab Siddiqi (born 1967) is a Muslim scholar, principal of the Hijaz College, National Convenor of the Muslim Action Committee (MAC), Secretary General of the International Muslims Organisation, Grand Blessed Guide of the Naqshbandi Hijazi Sufi Order and a barrister at law.
Family of Religious Scholars.
Shaykh Faiz-ul-Aqtab Siddiqi is the eldest son of the late Abdul Wahab Siddiqi and the grandson of Maulana Muhammad Umar Icharvi. He studied under his father and many other Shayukh of the time. Later he studied at Al-Azhar University in Egypt
Principle of Hijaz College.
He is the principal and founding trustee of Hijaz College in Nuneaton, England, where he resides on campus.
Champion of Muslim Unity.
Shaykh Siddiqi is a signatory to Charter 3:103 based on the verse of the Qur'an which urges Muslims to remain united despite sectarian differences.
Convenor of the Muslim Action Committee and Muslim Action Forum.
Siddiqi convened the Muslim Action Committee, an umbrella organisation of Sunni and Shia Islamic scholars and Islamic political groups such as the Islamic Human Rights Commission and Hizb ut-Tahrir to organise a demonstration against the repeated publications of the Danish cartoons of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. The demonstration was the largest in Europe and the largest within the UK since the Salman Rushdie incident. The organisation works to combat attacks on Islamic religious symbols.
Founder of Hijaz Community.
Siddiqi is the founder of the Hijaz Community which operates in various parts in the country to build social cohesion and spirituality in society.
Profession as Barrister.
He is a barrister under English and Welsh law, and as such is a member of the Lincoln's Inn. He practises commercial and conflict law, limiting this to three days per month as his main focus is on social engineering programmes to rejuvenate Muslim communities and enhance their spiritual prosperity.
Controversy.
Over Sharia courts in the UK.
Siddiqi was among the guests on the "Law in Action" programme aired on 28 November 2006 which discussed the issue of Sharia courts in the UK, which was covered by many newspapers and other media. Siddiqi made the following observation about the issues:
"Because we follow the same process as any case of arbitration, our decisions are binding in English law. Unless our decisions are unreasonable, they are recognised by the High Court."
Siddiqi was also involved in a debate in London in February 2008 entitled "KINGDOM OF GOD: the Archbishop, the Sharia and the Law of the Land" in response to a speech by Archbishop Rowan Williams, in which Siddiqi defended and advocated the use of Islamic Family Law in the UK and showed hope that in the future a more educated and spiritual Muslim community in Britain would be able to live under all aspects of Sharia Law.
Siddiqi launched the Muslim Arbitration Tribunal to deal with the issue of forced marriages within the Muslim community.
Siddiqi delivered a lecture within the walls of Temple Church entitled "Family Law, Minorities and legal Pluralism: Should English Law give more Recognition to Islamic Law?" in November 2008 which sparked media controversy over its endorsement of polygamy.
Haslam Foundation.
Worked with the Haslam Foundation in various projects in Pakistan, from new water wells to establishing basic schooling for children in the deprived areas
Mecca via Wall Street.
Siddiqi has recently launched Hijaz Community with a series of events entitled Mecca via Wall St. The events have been on the concept of civic, social and corporate responsibility. With partners in the corporate sector, mainly through a new insurance company, called 'Muslim Insurance' these events have been organised in order to raise money for charity and promote the work of Hijaz Community. Muslim Insurance itself is a charitable company that donates 50% of its profits to charity, and is supported by over 700 Islamic scholars.


Ricfried

Ricfried was Bishop of Utrecht between 806 and 815/816.
It is suspected that he was related to his successors Frederick, Alberik II, Ludger and Balderic. Nothing is known about his reign. He was buried in the St. Salvator Church in Utrecht.


William Cole (Dean of Lincoln)

William Cole (c.1530–1600) was an English Puritan clergyman, President of Corpus Christi College, Oxford and Dean of Lincoln.
A Protestant refugee from Marian England, Cole returned on Elizabeth accession and was appointed President of Corpus Christi College in 1568, a controversial appointment, since most of the conservative fellowship was opposed to his Puritan beliefs and his status as a married clergyman.
He was persuaded to resign the presidency in 1598 in favour of John Rainolds, with whom he swapped jobs, going to be Dean of Lincoln until his death in 1600.
His daughter Sibilla married, as her second husband, Robert Dover (1575?–1641), lawyer, author and wit, best known as the founder and for many years director of the Cotswold Olimpick Games.


Denis Bovey

Denis Phillip Bovey (b. 1929) was Provost of St Andrew's Cathedral, Aberdeen from 1983 to 1988.</ref> to 2008.
Bovey was educated at Ely Theological College and ordained in 1954. After curacies in Southwick, Sunderland and West Hartlepool he served in Strichen, Old Deer, Longside and Inverurie.


John R. Eardley


The Temptation of Saint Anthony (opera)

The Temptation of St. Anthony is an opera rooted in the gospel tradition based on the novel "The Temptation of Saint Anthony" by Gustave Flaubert, directed by Robert Wilson with book, libretto and music by Bernice Johnson Reagon and costumes by Geoffrey Holder. The production debuted in June 2003 as part of the RuhrTriennale festival in Duisburg Germany with Carl Hancock Rux as Saint Anthony and Helga Davis as Helarion. Subsequent performances included the Greek Theater in Siracusa, Italy; the Festival di Peralada in Peralada, Spain; the Palacio de Festivales de Cantabria in Santander, Spain; and Sadler's Wells in London, Great Britain; the Teatro Piccinni in Bari, Italy; the Het Muziektheater in Amsterdam, Netherlands; the Teatro Arriaga in Bilbao and the Teatro Espanol in Madrid, Spain. The opera made its American premiere at the Brooklyn Academy of Music's BAM Next Wave Festival in October 2004. The official "world premiere" was held at the Paris Opera Garnier becoming the first all African American opera to perform on its stage since the inauguration of the Académie Nationale de Musique - Théâtre de l'Opéra in 1875.


Jacob Kofi Ayeebo

Jacob Kofi Ayeebo (1960–2019) was an Anglican bishop in Ghana. He was the Bishop of Tamale and died in 2019.


Ian B. Tanner

Ian Bowe Tanner (24 February 1926 – 27 December 2013) was an Australian Presbyterian and Uniting Church minister. He was President of the Uniting Church's Assembly between 1985–1988.
Education.
Tanner was educated at Trevallyn State School, Launceston Technical College and the University of Tasmania, where he resided at Christ College and graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1950. He later obtained a Diploma of Education from the University of Adelaide and studied theology at Ormond College Theological Hall.
Career.
He served in the Royal Australian Air Force from 21 April 1944 to 22 August 1945 as a Leading Aircraftman, and prior to training for the Presbyterian ministry worked as an Industrial Chemist at Patons and Baldwins in Launceston from 1950 to 1955.
He was ordained in 1959, and subsequently ministered at:
He was the first Moderator of the UCA Synod of South Australia from 1977 to 1979.
He retired in 1996.
Family.
He was the son of Thomas Alexander Tanner (-1947).
His son Andrew Tanner was a member of the band Seven Stories.
Publications.
Among his publications is a 2002 biography of Beryl Grant AO, OBE, FRCNA.


Boniface Choi Ki-san

Boniface Choi Ki-san (16 May 1948 – 30 May 2016) was a South Korean Roman Catholic bishop.
Choi was born in Gimpo, and graduated from the Catholic University of Korea's School of Theology. Ordained to the priesthood in 1975, Choi served as coadjutor bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Incheon, South Korea from 1999 to 2002 and bishop of the diocese from 2002 until his death in 2016.


Maria Anna Rosa Caiani

Maria Anna Rosa Caiani (2 November 1863 – 8 August 1921) was an Italian Roman Catholic nun from Florence who established the Minim Sisters of the Sacred Heart in 1902. Caiani assumed the religious name of "Maria Margherita of the Sacred Heart" in 1902 after she professed into her new congregation that was devoted to the Sacred Heart of Jesus Christ.
Her beatification was celebrated on 23 April 1989.
Life.
Maria Anna Rosa Caiani was born to Jacopo Caiani and Luisa Fortini on 2 November 1863 in Florence as the third of five children. Her siblings were all brothers including Gustavo (1868–1879) and Osea. She was baptized at Bonistallo in the Church of Santa Maria Assunta in Bonistallo. As a child she was called Marianna.
Younger brother Gustavo suffered a grave illness for less than a decade after suffering a hip fracture in 1872 and Caiani cared for him until his death at the age of eleven when she was sixteen in 1879. After the death of her brother she decided that - in a humble and charitable spirit - she wanted to care for others who required assistance. Her father died not long after in 1884 and her mother followed less than a decade after this in 1890. After the death of her father she helped her brother Osea in a tobacco shop but the death of her mother following this left her alone since all her brothers had married. It was in her solitude that she realized what her vocation was and found the desire to give herself to God and to others. She had entered the Congregation of the Sisters of Saint Maximus of Turin in Campi Bisenzio but grew dissatisfied and left.
On 1 November 1891 she visited her sick aunt where she would later meet and become friends with Maria Fiaschi who was her junior of less than a decade. It was in 1893 that Giousè Menchi recommended Caiani that she go to a Benedictine convent. It was there that she discovered that the cloister was not the life for her and so she left. It was around this time that she met Bishop Pio Alberto del Corona who encouraged her work. She opened a home with Fiaschi on 19 September 1894 that took in twelve children with the permission of the Bishop of Pistoia Marcello Mazzanti.
In her hometown she founded her order on 15 December 1902 and named it the Minim Sisters of the Sacred Heart where she took a new religious name and progressed with five other new recruits. Bishop Mazzanti gave his permission for Caiani to establish her new congregation. In 1910 she sought the guidance of Elena Guerra so that she could take an example for her work for her congregation. She also had a private audience with the Cardinal Archbishop of Milan Andrea Carlo Ferrari who also encouraged her to continue the work of her congregation. With the establishment of her order she was made the Superior General and in the first general chapter in 1915 she was retained in her post.
She died on 8 August 1921 in Florence. After her death she left a total of 124 religious branches and 13 houses of the congregation. At present it has expanded to places such as Israel and Sri Lanka. Pope Pius XI approved her new congregation in 1926.
Beatification.
The beatification process commenced in both Florence and Pistoia and first started in Florence in a diocesan process that commenced on 8 August 1952 and concluded on 13 November 1957. The opening of the cause in 1952 allowed for her to be conferred the title Servant of God. However the formal introduction of the cause came on 15 December 1981 which solidified the use of the title Servant of God. The second process in Pistoia opened not long after and concluded prior to the validation of the two processes in 1985. This allowed for the postulation to submit the Positio to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints in 1985 for further evaluation of her life and virtues.
On 5 June 1986 she was proclaimed to be Venerable after Pope John Paul II recognized that she had lived a life of heroic virtue.
The miracle required for her beatification was investigated in a diocesan process in Lucca and was validated on 7 March 1986. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints evaluated the miracle and received the approval of the pope. John Paul II beatified her on 23 April 1989.
The postulator assigned to the cause is the Franciscan Giovangiuseppe Califano.


Resources about Martin Luther

This is a selected list of works by and about Martin Luther, the German theologian. The emphasis is on English language materials.
Works by Luther.
Catalog.
Chronological catalog of Luther's life events, letters, and works with citations, 478 pages, 5.45 MB
Earliest editions.
Wittenberg edition.
Nineteen volumes published between 1539 and 1558. Twelve volumes of German and seven volumes of Latin works.
Jena edition.
Thirteen volumes published between 1555 and 1558. Eight volumes of German and four of Latin works. Two supplementary volumes were published at Eisleben, 1564–1565.
Works about Luther.
Books and articles.
Green.Lowell C. How Melanchthon Helped Luther Discover the Gospel by  Attic Press 1980
Harline Craig World Ablaze: The Rise of Martin Luther and the Birth of the Reformation
Oxford University Press 2017


Pierre Bonhomme

Pierre Bonhomme (4 July 1803 – 9 September 1861) was a French Roman Catholic priest who exercised his pastoral mission in Cahors. He went on to establish the new religious congregation known as the Sisters of Our Lady of Calvary of Gramat.
Bonhomme established his new congregation with the aim of the education of children and assistance to the poor and the handicapped. He opened schools for children and educated people about the importance of service to the poor and those who required aid. He was remembered after his death as a tireless preacher and evangelizer.
He was beatified on 23 March 2003 after the recognition of a healing attributed to him as a miracle.
Life.
Pierre Bonhomme was born in 1803 in France; he had one sister. He was a pious and studious child who felt his religious calling as a child.
He commenced his studies for the priesthood at Montfaucon in November 1818 and was later ordained to the diaconate. While a deacon he established a school for adolescent males. He was ordained to the priesthood on 23 December 1827 and was assigned as a parish priest in the Diocese of Cahors. In 1831 he opened a school to prepare seminarians for the priesthood and to help them with their studies and he later went on to establish the Children of Mary to provide for the spiritual need of girls in Gramat.
He gained a formidable reputation as a preacher and he urged all people, especially the youth, to visit and to help the poor and the frail who he believed were effectively abandoned and left to fend for themselves. He founded a home around this same time, and he also established his own religious congregation that was tasked with teaching children, helping the poor and assisting the sick and disabled. Known for his devotion to Our Lady of Rocamadour, he turned to her after he had completely lost his voice while preaching a retreat; he was miraculously healed and managed to complete the retreat.
Bonhomme felt a strong calling to the Carmelite life in 1836 after a brief retreat to a Trappist monastery in Mortagne, but his bishop insisted that he continue his work as a parish priest. He relented and preached until 1848 until a disease that struck his larynx forced him to cease preaching. After this, he turned all of his attention to the order and made efforts to expand their work into the care for the deaf and the mute in 1854, and later in 1856 expanding its role to the care of the mentally ill. He continued to guide the professed religious of the order and wrote their Rule.
Bonhomme died on 9 September 1861. His order expanded across France but also to other states such as Brazil and the Philippines.
Beatification.
The beatification process commenced in Cahors in a diocesan process that assembled both documentation and testimonies in 1952. This granted him the posthumous title Servant of God and occurred despite the fact that the formal introduction of the cause did not take place until 15 March 1980. The Positio - documentation on his life and an account of his virtues - was compiled after the process and was submitted to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints in Rome in 1984.
He was proclaimed to be Venerable on 23 October 1987 after Pope John Paul II recognized that Bonhomme had lived a life of heroic virtue.
The miracle needed for his beatification was subjected to full investigation in a diocesan tribunal and was granted its formal ratification on 27 October 2000 in order for the cause to proceed to Rome. John Paul II approved it and beatified him on 23 March 2004.


Bartolomeo Maria Dal Monte

Bartolomeo Maria Dal Monte (3 November 1726 – 24 December 1778) was an Italian Roman Catholic priest who exercised his pastoral mission in his home town of Bologna. He established the Opera Pia Mission as part of the missions.
He preached in around 62 Italian dioceses and founded his own to prepare diocesan priests for the missions with the emphasis that Jesus Christ was the center of all missionaries as integral to the function of the missions. He emulated the example of Leonardo da Porto Maurizio for his preaching abilities.
Dal Monte was beatified on 27 September 1997.
Life.
Bartolomeo Maria Dal Monte was born in Bologna on 3 November 1726 as the fifth child to the peasant Anna Maria Bassani. Four of his siblings had died earlier before him. His birth and first week of life was a success after his mother requested the intercession of Francis of Paola.
His childhood was one in which his parents protected him as their most precious addition. He received his Confirmation on 26 April 1733 from the Archbishop of Bologna Cardinal Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini who became Pope Benedict XIV. He commenced his studies under the Jesuits and studied humanities. His religious calling soon formed and he informed his parents of this to which his father opposed. He had chosen Leonardo da Porto Maurizio as his model and devoted himself to the priesthood.
He was ordained to the priesthood on 20 December 1749. He served as a diocesan administrator in 1749 at the behest of Pope Benedict XIV. The latter also requested that Dal Monte continue his studies and he graduated in theological studies on 30 December 1751. He undertook work for the missions and preached in a total of 62 Italian dioceses. In 1774 the Cardinal Vicar of Rome Marcantonio Colonna called him to preach in Piazza Navona for the Jubilee of 1775. He established the Opera Pia Missions in order to prepare the diocesan priests for the missions.
Pope Pius VI wanted Dal Monte to take up residence in Rome but he refused to cease his mission of evangelization. He even offered to travel to the missions in India but his superiors dissuaded him to do so due to his precarious state of health. He continued work in his own mission and wanted its members to be apostles of Christ as those on hand to preach to all.
Dal Monte predicted that he would die at Christmas and the prediction came to pass for he died hours before on 24 December 1778 after the Archbishop of Bologna Andrea Gioannetti visited him.
Beatification.
The beatification process commenced under Pope Leo XIII on 22 January 1890 with the commencement of two local diocesan processes in Bologna that granted him the posthumous title Servant of God - the first stage in the process. It saw the collection of documentation and witness testimonies in order to compile the Positio for evaluation in Rome. Both processes were ratified before the documents could be sent to the Congregation of Rites.
Pope Benedict XV proclaimed him to be Venerable on 23 January 1921 after he recognized that Dal Monte had lived a life of heroic virtue.
Pope John Paul II approved a miracle attributed to his intercession on 11 June 1995 and beatified him on 27 September 1997.


Ozjasz Thon

Abraham Ozjasz Thon (also Yehoshua Thon) 13 February 1870 in Lviv – 11 November 1936 in Kraków) was a rabbi, early Zionist, and leader of the Jewish community in Poland.
Biography.
Thon studied philosophy and sociology under George Simmel. As a student, he assisted Theodor Herzl in the ideological preparations for the First Zionist Congress.
Thon died on 11 November 1936 and is buried in Krakow's New Jewish Cemetery.
Rabbinic career.
In 1897, Ozjasz Thon was appointed to the rabbinate of Krakow, a position he held until his death. He was the rabbi of the Tempel Synagogue of the more religiously-liberal constituency within the Jewish community. He promoted a Zionist program despite the overall assimilationist trends prevalent in the Jewish community at that time, and was an adherent of Ahad Ha'Am's school of Jewish identity.
Literary career.
In 1897 published a groundbreaking philosophical study of Zionism, "Zur geschichtsphilosophischen Begrendung des Zionismus". Thon wrote literary and scientific academic works and journalistic essays, and a 1910 work on the philosophical and sociological methods of Herbert Spencer.
Political career.
In 1906, Thon made an unsuccessful bid to represent the Jewish National Party in Kolomyya, Eastern Galicia, in the elections to the Austrian parliament. He continued his political activities and expanded them after the First World War. He represented the Western Galician Jewish National Council at the Versailles Peace Conference. In 1919, Thon was elected to the first Sejm and served in the Polish parliament until 1931, where his oratory received a hearing even among antisemitic MPs.


Stephen Fagbemi

Stephen Ayodeji Akinwale Fagbemi is an Anglican bishop in Nigeria: he is the current Bishop of Owo.
Fagbemi was born in Oba-Ile, Ondo State. He was educated at Immanuel College of Theology and Christian Education, Ibadan and the University of Kent. After curacies in Owo and Iyere he was Priest in charge at Wakajaye-Etile. He was Vicar of Emure-Ile from 1996 to 2000; and had permission to officiate in the Diocese of Canterbury from 2000 to 2003. He was Co-ordinating Chaplain in Sunderland from 2004 to 2011; and Dean of Archbishop Vining College of Theology from 2011 to 2016. He was General Secretary of the Church of Nigeria from 2016 until his elevation to the Episcopate in 2017.
He was consecrated as Bishop of Oyo at the Cathedral Church of St. James the Great, Oke-Bola, Ibadan, on 30 July 2017.


June Keithley

June Keithley-Castro (10 March 1947 – 24 November 2013) was a Filipina actress and broadcast journalist.
Early life.
Castro was born to a Cebuano mother and an American father. She studied at St. Paul College, where she was mentored by James B. Reuter. She married broadcaster Angelo Castro, Jr. in 1973 and the couple had three children: Diego, an actor and anchor of UNTV, Gabriella, and Angelica.
Acting career.
Prior to becoming a journalist, Castro had a television and film career. She was part of the cast in the defunct ABS-CBN comedy-gag show "Super Laff-In" from 1969 until 1972. She appeared in several films, including "Durog" (1971), and "Lunes, Martes, Miyerkules, Huwebes, Biyernes, Sabado, Linggo" (1976).
People Power Revolution.
At the height of People Power Revolution of 1986, Castro was working at Radyo Bandido and called on the Filipino people to come to EDSA.
Illness and death.
In 2009, Castro was diagnosed with breast cancer and told she had three years to live. She died, aged 66, on 24 November 2013, at Saint Luke's Medical Center, Makati, Metro Manila.
Presidential spokesperson Edwin Lacierda issued a statement announcing her death on Philippine television.
Affiliations.
Castro hosted a religious program called "The Woman Clothed with the Sun".
Awards.
During the administration of Corazon Aquino, Castro was conferred the Philippine Legion of Honor, becoming a reservist in the Armed Forces of the Philippines with the rank of general.
In 2013, she and Reuter were given a plaque of recognition and the Spirit of EDSA award during the 27th year commemoration of the EDSA People Power Revolution.


Darius Nggawa

Darius Nggawa (1 May 1929 – 9 January 2008) was an Indonesian Roman Catholic bishop.
Ordained to the priesthood on 12 October 1955, Nggawa was named bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Larantuka, Indonesia on 28 February 1974 and retired on 19 June 2004.


Suliman Gani

Suliman Gani is a Muslim community leader, television presenter, and imam from South London.
Sheikh Suliman Gani is involved in many community projects that support the Muslim and non-Muslim communities including being a Chaplain at St. George's Hospital in Tooting.
In June 2016, Defence secretary Michael Fallon accused Sulaiman Gani as being an ISIS supporter. He was sued for defamation by Shiekh Gani. He later apologised to Sulaiman Gani and paid him compensation after the false accusal.


Patrick R. Saucer


William Lothian

Rev William Lothian DD FRSE (1740–1783) was a Scottish minister, author and joint founder of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
Life.
He was born in Edinburgh on 5 November 1740 the son of Dr George Lothian (died 1746), a surgeon. He was educated at the High School in Edinburgh. He attended Edinburgh University studying divinity from 1755 and was licensed to preach in October 1762, aged only 21.
In 1764 he was appointed minister of Canongate Kirk on the Royal Mile and remained in that post until death.
In 1779 he received an honorary doctorate (DD) from Edinburgh University.
On 17 November 1783 he was one of the joint founders of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. He died four weeks later on 17 December 1783, making him the first member to die. He is buried in Canongate Kirkyard next to his own church. The grave lies adjacent to the eastern doorway to the lower north section.
Family.
He married Elizabeth (died 1815) in 1766. They had four sons and one daughter.


Fernando de Ocampo

Fernando de Ocampo, O.F.M. (died 1632) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as the second Bishop of Santa Cruz de la Sierra (1621–1632) and Titular Bishop of "Usula" (1620–1621).
Biography.
Fernando de Ocampo was ordained a priest in the Order of Friars Minor. On December 14, 1620, he was selected by the King of Spain and confirmed by Pope Paul V as Coadjutor Bishop of Santa Cruz de la Sierra and Titular Bishop of "Usula". In 1621, he was consecrated bishop by Bartolomé Lobo Guerrero, Archbishop of Lima and succeeded to the bishopric. He served as Bishop of Santa Cruz de la Sierra until his death in 1632.
While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of Luis Jerónimo Oré, Bishop of Concepción.


Edward Reyner

Edward Reyner (Rayner) (1600–c.1668) was an English nonconforming clergyman, known as a devotional writer.
Life.
He was born in the parish of Morley, near Leeds. He attended the monthly religious exercises at Leeds, Pudsey, and Halifax, and heard numerous sermons. After graduating B.A. in 1620 from St. John's College, Cambridge (M.A. 1624), he taught in a school at Aserby, Lincolnshire, and afterwards took charge of the Countess of Warwick's school at Market Rasen. At the close of four years Lady Warwick gave him a lectureship which she supported at Welton. From there he was invited to Lincoln, where he remained nearly forty years. He was appointed lecturer at St. Benedict's on 13 August 1626, and on 26 February 1627 was presented by the king to the rectory of St. Peter at Arches, to which the vicarage of St. Benedict's was attached.
Despite Reyner's refusal to conform to all the ceremonies, his eloquence drew to his church the chancellor of the cathedral and other officials. He preached during the visitations of Bishop John Williams, and was collated to the prebend of St. Botolph's at Lincoln on 10 September 1635. In 1639 he declined the offer of the pastorate of the English congregation at Arnhem, the Netherlands. In the same year orders were sent him from the ecclesiastical court to certify quarterly, or as often as required, of his conformity to the common prayer.
Reyner left Lincoln during the royalist occupation of the First English Civil War. For a time he preached at Yarmouth on Sundays. But he soon settled at Norwich, and gave two week-day lectures at St. Andrew's Church in that city (1643–1645). He returned to Lincoln on 29 October 1645 on receipt of a call under the seal of the corporation, and of an order from the Westminster Assembly. He preached regularly at St. Peter's in the morning, and at the cathedral in the afternoon, adopting the congregationalist system. His sermons were chiefly directed against antinomianism and anabaptism. During the siege of Newark Reyner preached to the parliamentary army on the fast day appointed for 27 March 1646, and the sermon was printed. He did not take the 'engagement' but agreed to the Savoy confession of faith.
He was ejected from his benefice in 1662, but appears to have remained at Lincoln. By his wife Elizabeth he had two sons: John (born 1624), a fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, whence he was ejected at the Restoration, and Joseph.
Works.
Reyner wrote:


Finn Moestue Husebye

Finn Moestue Huseby (11 May 1905 – 2001) was a Norwegian priest. He graduated as cand.theol. in 1930. He worked as seamen's priest in New Orleans from 1931 to 1934, in Antwerp from 1935 to 1936, and in Hamburg from 1936 to 1942. He had to leave Germany because of a conflict with Nazi-friendly Norwegians in Germany, and assistant priest Arne Berge took over after him as the seamen's priest in Hamburg. He was parish priest in Brandbu from 1946.
Huseby was decorated Knight First Class of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 1945, for his work for prisoners in Germany during the Second World War.


John Garba Danbinta

John Garba Danbinta is an Anglican bishop in Nigeria: he is the Bishop of Gusau, one of ten dioceses within the Anglican Province of Kaduna, itself one of 14 provinces within the Church of Nigeria.
He was elected Bishop of Gusau in 2005.


Magne Valen-Sendstad

Magne Livius Valen-Sendstad (13 October 1913 – 1984) was a Norwegian priest.
He was born in Kristiania as a son of Aksel Magnus Sendstad (1872–1922) and Magnhild Erika Valen (1880–1959). He was a nephew of Olav Sendstad and brother of Olav Valen-Sendstad and museum director Fartein Valen-Sendstad. In 1941 he married Jenny Lie.
He finished his secondary education in 1934 and graduated with the cand.theol. degree from the MF Norwegian School of Theology in 1940. He was a bible school teacher and principal in Stavanger and Stjørdal, before being hired as vicar of Lund in 1957. He chaired the school board there from 1959 to 1965. In 1965 he became vicar in Randaberg, where he was a school board member from 1966 to 1968. From 1968 to 1980 he was the secretary-general of the Norwegian Missionary Society.
During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany he was imprisoned in Åkebergveien from 13 to 17 February 1943.


Sigvald Skavlan

Sigvald Skavlan (27 December 18394 November 1912) was a Norwegian priest, psalmist and educator.
He was born at the vicarage in Stranda in Møre og Romsdal. He was the son of Aage Schavland (1806–1876) and Gerhardine Pauline Bergh (1817–1884). His father was a
parish priest and later member of the Storting. After 1844, the family moved to Herøy. He was a brother of Olaf Skavlan, Aage Skavlan and Harald Skavlan, and uncle of Einar Skavlan.
Skavlan studied theology in Christiania (now Oslo) until 1864. He was one of the first three priests in Antwerp after the Norwegian Seaman's Mission was founded in 1865. He later lectured at Trondhjems Døvstummeinstitut, a school for the deaf in Trondheim, until he was appointed vicar in Askøy. In 1887 came to Vår Frue Church in Trondheim where he served until he retired.
He is probably best remembered for his cantatas and psalms. His psalm collection "Stav og harpe" was published posthumously in 1913. He was decorated Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav in 1897.


Daniel Devlin

Daniel Joseph Devlin (1814 – February 22, 1867) was a prosperous businessman, City Chamberlain, and prominent citizen of New York City.
Devlin was born at Buncrana, County Donegal, Ireland, in 1814, the son of Jeremiah Devlin, a farmer and merchant tailor, and his wife, Elizabeth Foster. As a young merchant tailor, Daniel emigrated to America in 1833. Three younger brothers later joined him in America; two sisters, and a brother, Phillip Devlin, who became a Catholic priest, remained in Ireland. Daniel Devlin moved to Louisville, Kentucky, and is believed to have worked for a time as a steamboat clerk on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, which led him to encourage his brother William Devlin to establish himself in Louisiana. Devlin founded a jeans manufacturing company in Louisville, and later moved to New York City, where he and two of his brothers established a clothing company, Devlin Brothers. Daniel Devlin was named City Chamberlain of New York in 1861, and remained in that position until his death.
After the outbreak of the American Civil War, he headed the executive committee charged with recruitment and financing for the Irish Brigade of the Union Army. In politics, he was a Democrat, and played a prominent role in the New York State Democratic convention in 1864. He was a director of the Union Trust Company of New York, and a prominent Catholic layman who in 1863 helped found the Society for the Protection of Destitute Roman Catholic Children in the City of New York and in 1864 established a scholarship at St. Francis Xavier College. Devlin lived from the 1850s onward in an Italianate villa overlooking the Hudson River in Manhattanville.
Devlin died in New York on February 22, 1867. His brothers donated a stained glass window in his memory to St. Patrick's Cathedral, where it can be seen today.


Anton Maria Kobolt

Anton Maria Kobolt (16 November 1752 in Ingolstadt – 28 November 1826 in Altötting), oftentimes erroneously spelled "Kobold", was a German Roman Catholic priest and historian.
Biography.
Kobolt was born to an officer. He began attending a school in Ingolstadt from 1764 until he went to the Jesuit College of Burghausen in 1764. He studied in the college until 1773, mainly philosophy in the last year. In 1773, he started studying philosophy at the University of Ingolstadt, eventually graduating as a "Dr. phil". Then he studied theology as well as civil and canon law at Ingolstadt. He was ordained to priesthood on March 29, 1777 in Eichstätt.
Kobolt was appointed a canon to the Altötting Collegial Monastery through an electoral decree dated 29 April 1777. He assumed this position in 1778. He remained in Altötting until his death. He was appointed a member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities in 1795 or 1810.


Johannes Ulltveit-Moe

Johannes Ulltveit-Moe (8 October 1941 – 30 January 2012) was a Norwegian church leader and later consultant and civil servant.
He took the cand.theol. degree in 1966 and the priest's seminary in 1966. After completing his compulsory service as a priest in the Royal Norwegian Navy, he was hired as a bible translator in the Norwegian Bible Society in 1968. From 1972 to 1977 he was the vicar of Ballangen.
In 1977 Ulltveit-Moe was employed in the Church of Norway National Council, and for eleven years until 1990 as managing director. In 1990 he became an adviser in the consulting firm Statskonsult, working with the assessment of governance in Norway. He took a doctor's degree in organizational development and leadership in 1992. From 2003 to his retirement in 2011 he worked in the Ministry of Government Administration, Reform and Church Affairs.
He also applied, unsuccessfully, for positions as permanent under-secretary of state and was shortlisted as bishop of Nord-Hålogaland. He died in 2012.


Katherine Burton

Katherine Burton (born Katherine Kurz, 18 Mar 1887, in Lakewood, near Cleveland, Ohio; died September 22, 1969) was an American Roman Catholic convert who became renowned in her post-conversion years as a religious biographer. She was also a prominent social activist campaigning for family rights, a poet and a short story writer. She was the first woman columnist in a Catholic journal.
Early years.
Burton was originally the daughter of a German Lutheran family who rarely went to church. Apart from Sunday School it is thought that in her childhood she had little interest in religion. She graduated about 1906 from Western Reserve College. At that time she considered herself an agnostic and never attended religious services, even after marrying Harry Payne Burton, a journalist who had originally intended to become an Episcopal priest 6 Aug 1910. Harry was to have considerable trouble during his marriage - which produced three children - eventually committing suicide 3 Apr 1952.
Conversion to Catholicism.
During the following decade, she travelled frequently, in the process coming into contact with Selden Delany, the assistant rector at an Episcopal Church in New York City, who was to lead her journey to Catholicism in the coming years. Delany, who died in 1935, converted to Catholicism in the late 1920s and his book "Why Rome?", published in 1930, convinced Katherine to convert immediately. She was received into the Church on September 8, 1930, but even before that she wrote two poems, "So Died a True Christian" and "A Prayer for Ronald" (both 1927) that had a strongly Catholic flavour.
After conversion.
Along with her close friend and fellow convert Dorothy Day, Burton was the first major Catholic woman journalist in the United States. In 1933, at the same time as Day established the Catholic Worker, Burton wrote a journal "Woman" that was published by the Passionist Fathers and advocated motherhood as the greatest possible vocation at a time when it was becoming very difficult for women to raise children due to economic conditions. On the other hand, Burton believed that women should be aided as much as possible if they were forced to seek paid employment outside the home. Katherine Burton in fact believed that balancing work and family was an extremely rich reward for any woman who could do so. Like Day, Katherine Burton was initially a pacifist, but in contrast to Day's consistent stance, Burton relented from pacifism during World War II because she feared the result of the spread of totalitarianism if the US did nothing about it.
Burton was, even before her conversion, interested in the problems women faced with large families, and even before it became the only method of birth control approved by the Church, she was a developer and advocate of the rhythm method of contraception, having known about the fertile and infertile periods of the menstrual cycle ever since her days at college during the 1900s. She also believed that most Roman Catholic writers of her time were stylistically flawed because they were "too arrogant and preachy", with the result that she wrote biographies that read more like fiction.
During this time, she was also an associate editor at Redbook magazine and wrote a column for a Catholic periodical.
She died 22 Sep 1969 in Bronxville, New York, and is buried in Cleveland, Ohio.


James Bate

James Bate (1703–1775) was an English scholar and writer.
Life.
Bate, the elder brother of Julius Bate, was the son of the Rev. Richard Bate, vicar of Chilham and rector of Wareham. He was born at Boughton Malherbe in Kent in 1703. His education was received at the King's School, Canterbury, and at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, where he entered 4 July 1720, with Mr. Denne for his tutor. He passed B.A. 1723, and was elected fellow shortly after; but he accepted later from the Bishop of Ely a fellowship in St John's College. He commenced M.A. in 1727.
In 1730 Bate became moderator of the university, and in 1731 one of the taxers. Bate accompanied Horace Walpole as chaplain when the latter went to Paris as ambassador. Upon his return home he was presented to the good living of St. Paul's, Deptford, on 23 June 1731, where he studied hard. He had a solid command of Hebrew, but his research and speculations bore little fruit.
Bate died in 1775. The funeral sermon, preached by the Rev. Colin Milne at St. Paul's, Deptford, was published.
Works.
Bate wrote:
There are also occasional sermons, with some scholarly notes introduced.
References.
Attribution


Manuel Ruiz Lopez

Blessed Manuel Ruiz López, also known as "Emmanuel Ruiz," was a Franciscan priest and one of the Damascus Martyrs.
He was born in San Martín de Ollas, Burgos, Spain, on 5 May 1804.
Death.
He was captured by Druz Muslims and forced to embrace Islam, which he refused and was killed by being cut into pieces in Damascus, Syria, on 10 July 1860.
Beatification.
He was venerated by Pope Pius XI on 2 May 1926 as a martyr. He was Beatified by Pope Pius XI on 10 October 1926. The Feast is celebrated on 10 July.


Robert Campbell (advocate)

Robert Campbell (19 December 1814 – 29 December 1868) was a Scottish advocate and hymn writer. Brought up as a Presbyterian, he later joined the Roman Catholic Church. He translated the Latin texts of various hymns and wrote many others. He is remembered for such hymns as "At the Lamb's high feast we sing", "Come, pure hearts, in sweetest measures", "Ye Choirs of New Jerusalem" and "Ye servants of a martyr'd God" which all appeared in the first edition of "Hymns Ancient & Modern" in 1861.


Yogendra Duraiswamy

Yogendra Duraiswamy, SLOS was a Sri Lankan diplomat, who served in India, Myanmar, the United States (New York), Australia, Iraq, Italy, China and the Philippines.
Early life and education.
He was born in 1923 in Jaffna to Sir Waithilingam Duraiswamy, a speaker of the State Council of Ceylon. Duraiswamy was educated at Jaffna Central College, Jaffna Hindu College and at the Royal College, Colombo. He entered the University of Ceylon in 1944 and graduated with an Honours Degree in Economics.
Diplomatic career.
In 1949 Duraiswamy joined the newly formed Ceylon Overseas Service in the first batch of six cadets, along with Vernon Mendis, through a highly competitive examination and selection process. His first overseas appointment was in New Delhi, to which he later returned as Secretary in charge of Public Relations. He opened the Sri Lankan consulate in Chennai.
During his career he served in the Ceylon's embassies in Rangoon, Canberra, Baghdad, Rome, Beijing and Manila. He was the Official Secretary of the Ceylon Mission to the United Nations in New York from 1956 to 1959, when he gained recognition as the spokesman for the Afro Asian Group. In 1970 he was the representative of Ceylon at the Sessions of the UN General Assembly. Duraiswamy participated in the first Non-Aligned Conference in Belgrade in 1961.
He had served as Ceylon's Head of Embassy or Charge d'affairs in Iraq, Italy and the Philippines. In Manila, he was conferred the Ancient Order of Sikatuna in recognition of his exceptional contribution to strengthening relations between Sri Lanka and the Philippines.
In 1975 Duraiswamy retired prematurely. In 1979 President J.R. Jayewardene appointed him as District Secretary (Government Agent) of Jaffna that then included the Kilinochchi District. During his tenure of two years he implemented many infrastructure and employment generation development projects. He later served as a lecturer at the Bandaranaike International Diplomatic Training Institute and participated in civic initiatives to help resolve the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka and assist the war-affected population. He was active in the Hindu Council which supported grass-roots development interventions in Hindu villages in the Amparai, Batticaloa, Mannar, Trincomalee and Vavuniya districts.
Family.
His wife Sivanandini Duraiswamy is the President of the Hindu Women's Society (Saiva Mangaiyar Kalagam) and is involved in several educational and development initiatives in Sri Lanka. She is also the Chairperson of the Sri Lanka Women's Conference.
His only son, Dr. Naresha Duraiswamy is a Senior Operations Officer at the World Bank


Shah Inayat Shaheed

Shah Ïnayatullah () ( 1656 – 1718), popularly known as Sufi Shah Inayat Shaheed, Shah Shaheed or Shah Ïnayat of Jhok, sometimes referred as the First Social Reformer of Sindh was a 17th-century Sindhi Revolutionary from Jhok, Sindh.
He was executed on the order of Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar in the early eighteenth century. Sufi Inayat was accused of leading a small army of peasants (Harees) to challenge the domination of Farrukhsiyar, local feudal landlords, and Mullahs. His mantra, “Jo Kherray so Khaey” (), means, "The one who plows has the foremost right on the yield." His popularity forced the feudal landlords to contact Farrukhsiyar, who ordered the ruler of northern Sindh Mian Yar Muhammad Kalhoro to uproot Inayat and his companions. A prolonged siege of Jhok resulted in an offer of negotiations from the Kalhora commander. Sufi Inayat accepted the offer to avoid further bloodshed, but was instead arrested and later executed in Thatto.
Early life.
Shah Inayat was born in 1655/56 A.D in Miranpur. His father Makhdum Fazlullah provided his early education. He travelled the subcontinent to find a spiritual guide ("murshid)." He arrived in Burhanpur and became initiated into the Qadiriyya order. He travelled to Bijapur and from there to Delhi. In Burhanpur, he was a disciple of Shah Abdul Malik ibn Shah Ubaidullah Jilani Qadiri. When his learning was complete, he took leave from his "murshid". Before his departure, Shah Abdul Malik placed four things before his disciple: a "tasbeeh", a prayer mat, a "karaa", and a sword. Shah Inayat chose the sword, to which his "murshid" asked: 'O fakir what price will you pay for this gift?' He replied: "The price is my head."
Influence.
Once back in Miranpur, Shah Inayat spent his days in meditation and prayer. His message was one of love, tolerance, and equality. Peasants left their respective lands to work for Shah Inayat as he had organized collective farming on his lands.
He established a monastery ("khangah") at Miranpur and distributed his land among the landless tillers ("harees"). He expressed opposition to the landlords ("zamindar") as well as orthodox theologians. He attracted many followers among the peasantry, and organized them against the rulers, landlords and religious scholars, urging them not to pay agriculture tax to the rulers or give a share of their produce to the landlords. The landlords and orthodox mullahs then aligned against him and complained to Azam Khan, governor of Thatta Sarkar that Shah Inayat was trying to overthrow the government.
Battle of Jhok.
Sufi Shah Inayat's rising influence among his followers in the area of lower Sindh (Thatta Sarkar) caused much discontent in Mian Yar Muhammad Kalhoro. The latter enjoyed political sway over Bakhar Sarkar (Northern Sindh) and Sehwan Sarkar (Central Sindh) and thus wanted to control over Thatta Sarkar which was still under the rule of Mughal Nawabs. Kalhoro, the first ruler of Kalhora dynasty, strove to consolidate his power across Sindh, but found the social movement of Sufi Shah Inayat a hurdle in realizing his ambition. Thus he, along with other influential landlords, and Pirs of Dargah succeeded in persuading the Delhi government to act against Shah Inayat and his followers for their rebellion against the Mughal Empire. A battle was launched on Farrukhsiyar's order with the combined forces of Kalhora Chief and the Mughal army of governor of Thatta.
The Battle of Jhok was a clash between the Mughal forces along with their local rulers and a band of Sufis who chose to revolt against the feudal and imperial order of the day. A siege was laid to the town of Jhok for about four months, but Shah Inayat's followers gave a stiff resistance. Shah Inayat was preparing to attack the invaders on 1 January 1718 AD when the Kalhora chief sent Shahdad Khan Talpur with the Quran to invite Shah Inayat for peace talks. However, when Shah Inayat met Mian Yar Muhammad Kalhoro for talks, he was arrested, brought to Thatta and presented to the Mughal governor.
Death.
Shah Inayat was questioned and beheaded a few days later on 7 January 1718. During his trial, Shah Inayat appeared to long for death and therefore is known as "Hallaj of Sindh" and is venerated as crowned head of Sufis. His last words to his executioner were in the following verses:
"You have released me from the chains of existence, May Allah blesses you now and hereafter."
His head was taken to Delhi. On the betrayal of Mian Yaar Muhammad Kalhoro, Shah said following verse:
"ڏونگري ڏني ڏاڙھي، ڪوه ڪتي جو پڇ."
Two devotees of Shah Inayat Shaheed were present in Farrukhsiyar's court. When they saw what had happened, they blinded Farrukhsiyar with red hot irons. Chaos ensued and one of the disciples was killed while the other escaped with the head of his Shaheed Master and made it to Jhok.
A Sayyid from Thatta built a shrine, where Shah Shaheed was buried. Thousands of his followers were buried in seven mass graves each known as 'Ganj-e-Shaheed'. A total of 24,000 followers were killed during this battle, which is comparable only to the Battle of Karbala.


Dick Herrick

The Very Rev Richard William Herrick (3 December 1913 - 5 May 1981) was an eminent Anglican priest in the 20th century. He was educated at King Edward VI School Retford and Leeds University and was initially a civil servant. He was ordained after a period of study at the College of the Resurrection, Mirfield in 1940. He held curacies at Duston and Portsea, Portsmouth before being appointed Vicar of St Michael's, Northampton in 1947, a post he held for a decade. He was then a Canon Residentiary of Chelmsford Cathedral until 1978 when he was appointed Provost of Chelmsford. He died in post.


Shaheed-e-Kufa

The Martyr of Kufa () orginall title Imam Ali () is an Iranian epic television series focusing on the life of Ali ibn Abi Talib, directed by Davood Mirbagheri, and originally broadcast in 1992 in 22 episodes. It was subsequently released on DVD, with other editions including one with English sub-titles, and one dubbed into Urdu. The series covers the events before the caliphate of Ali ibn Abi Talib to his assassination in Kufa, Iraq. The telefilm version of this series has also been made and broadcast.
Story.
The story of this series starts from the end of the caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan and covers the last five years and the period of the caliphate and the life and martyrdom of Ali ibn Abi Talib.
Music.
The music for the series was composed by Farhad Fakhreddini and involved a choir and the singer Sediq Tarif. Consisting of 17 tracks, the music was subsequently released on the Soroush label.


Hugh Buckingham

 Hugh Fletcher Buckingham (born 13 Sept. 1932) was Archdeacon of the East Riding from 1988 to 1998.
He was educated at Lancing College; Hertford College, Oxford; and Westcott House, Cambridge. He was ordained in 1958 before embarking on an ecclesiastical career with curacies in Halliwell and Sheffield. He held incumbencies at Guestwick, Hindolveston and Fakenham before his appointment as Archdeacon.


Johan Arnt Wenaas

Johan Arnt Wenaas (16 May 1941 – 28 July 2015) was a Norwegian priest.
He was born in Hægebostad, and took the cand.theol. degree at the MF Norwegian School of Theology in 1966. He was ordained as a priest in 1967, worked as a curate in Jeløy from 1968 to 1974, and priest at Lovisenberg Hospital from 1974 to 1980. He was superintendent and director of the Deaconess House (now: Lovisenberg Diaconal University College) from 1980 to 1992 and secretary-general of the Social Service of the Church of Norway from 1992 to 2008. He released multiple books. He died in July 2015 in Hvitsten.


Jason Smogorzewski

Jason Smogorzewski (born as Jan Smogorzewski; ; 23 August 1717 – 13 May 1779) was a bishop of the Ruthenian Uniate Church, Metropolitan bishop of Kiev, Galicia and all Ruthenia. He became the first ethnic Polish who headed the Ruthenian Church. Smogorzewski became the first metropolitan to be elected and confirmed following the Russian annexation of Polotsk where he was archbishop.
In 1731 he joined the Order of Basilians and changed from Latin-rite to Byzantine-rite.
On 31 December 1758 Smogorzewski was ordained by archbishop of Durrës Joseph Schiro (Albanian Greek Catholic Church) as a coadjutor archbishop of Polock becoming a vicar bishop of Vitebsk. On 18 July 1762 he succeeded archbishop Florian Hrebnicki.
Following the death of Leo Szeptycki, in 1779-1781 Smogorzewski served administrator of the Metropolitan see.
On 25 June 1781 he was confirmed as the Metropolitan bishop of Kiev, Galicia, and all Ruthenia.
He consecrated following bishops Peter Bielański, Michael Stadnicki and Theodosius Rostocki.
Smogorzewski died in 1788 in Radomyshl where he started to build new metropolitan complex for the Ruthenian Church.


Gerulfus Kherubim Pareira

Gerulfus Kherubim Pareira S.D.V. (born 26 September 1941) is an Indonesian Roman Catholic bishop.
Biography.
On 15 August 1970 Pareira was accepted as a member of the society of the divine word. The following week on 22 August 1970 he was ordained a priest. On 21 December 1985 it was announced that Pareira had been chosen as the new bishop of the Diocese of Weetebula. He was ordained bishop on 25 April 1986, by Gregorius Manteiro, then bishop of Rueteng, and co-consecrated by Anton Pain Ratu, then bishop of Atambua, and Eduardus Sangsun, then bishop of Ruteng. On 19 January 2008 Pareira was installed as the new bishop of the Diocese of Maumere.
In 2011 Pareira celebrated his 50 monastic life, 40 years as a priest and 25 years as a bishop.
On 26 September 2016, the Vatican accepted Pareira's letter of resignation, which he had submitted as all bishops are required to do once they turn 75. On 14 July 2018, Pareira officially retired as the bishop of Maumere at the age of 76.


Alun Hawkins

Alun John Hawkins (born 28 May 1944) is an Anglican priest. He was the Dean of Bangor from 2004 to 2011.
Born on 28 May 1944 and educated at King's College London he was a Lecturer in English and Drama at UCNW, Bangor until his ordination in 1981.
After a curacy at Dwygyfylchi he was Rector of Llanberis and then Vicar of Knighton and Norton. He was a Canon Residentiary at Bangor Cathedral from 1993 and Archdeacon of Bangor from 2000 until his appointment to the deanery.
Following controversial remarks concerning his successor as Archbishop of Canterbury by retired archbishop George Carey, Hawkins imposed on the latter a banning order at Bangor Cathedral.


Laura Evangelista Alvarado Cardozo

Laura Evangelista Alvarado Cardozo (25 April 1875 - 2 April 1967) was a Venezuelan Roman Catholic professed religious who had established the Augustinian Recollect Sisters of the Heart of Jesus as a means of aiding the ill. Upon her profession she assumed the religious name of "María de San José". During her life she was contemporaries with José Gregorio Hernández.
She was beatified in 1995.
Life.
Laura Evangelista Alvarado Cardozo was born on 25 April 1875 as the eldest of four children to Clemente Alvarado (d. 1890) and Margarita Cardozo; her brothers were Octaviano, Panchita and Clemencia. She received Confirmation at the age of two in 1877 from the Archbishop of Caracas José Antonio Ponte. She was baptized on 13 October 1875 and received it from Father Jose Maria Yepez while her godparents were Manuel González and Dolores Bravo Sofia Cardozo - a cousin of hers.
She commenced her studies in her hometown but was forced to complete it in Maracay when she moved with her parents and siblings. She commenced her studies at the age of five and completed them in September 1892 at the age of seventeen. It was around this time that she felt called to the religious life and confided this to her spiritual director Father Vicente Lopez Aveledo. It was on 8 December 1892 that she made a vow to God to remain a perpetual virgin in His service. At the age of thirteen on 8 December 1888 she received her First Communion and focused on preparing children for the same sacrament from that point until she was eighteen. In 1893 she Father Aveledo's new order devoted to the Blessed Mother. Around that time in 1893 she made a personal resolution: "I want to be a saint, but a real saint ... my Jesus, You and only You are the goal of all my striving".
On 3 November 1893 she began to work in a small hospital and assisted patients that suffered from smallpox. She also volunteered in other hospitals. From 1897 until 1898 she worked as a volunteer in the hospital of San José. Her father died aged 55 of a brain condition in 1890. An earthquake that struck the nation in October 1900 led to her tending to homeless people and those that the disaster impacted. On 11 February 1901 she had the permission of the Archbishop of Caracas Críspulo Uzcátegui to found an order of religious based on the Order of Saint Augustine and devoted to the care of the ill. With three companions she assumed the new habit and commenced her period of novitiate; she was made the Superior of her order and held that position until her resignation in 1960. On 22 January 1902 she made her solemn profession of her vows and assumed the new name of "María de San José".
On 28 September 1903 the statutes of her order received approval and received recognition on 17 September 1927 as being an order of diocesan right and was under the name of the Augustinian Hospitaller Sisters; this name changed to its present name at some future point. At her request - on 10 May 1950 - the order was added to the Order of Augustinian Recollects. The congregation received the papal approval of Pope Pius XII on 15 November 1952.
She was diagnosed with bronchopneumonia on 2 June 1966 which contributed to her decline in health. Her situation improved around Easter of 1967 though started to decline not long after. Cardozo died of thrombosis on 2 April 1967 at 12:00pm. Her remains were deemed to be incorrupt after their exhumation on 19 January 1994 at 9:00am; her remains were placed in a new sarcophagus in September 1994.
Beatification.
The beatification process commenced on 10 June 1983 once formal approval - or "nihil obstat" (nothing against) - had been granted to the cause. It resulted in the introduction of a diocesan process on 9 October 1983 tasked with compiling evidence attesting to her potential sainthood while also collating documentation pertaining to her life. The process concluded on 13 June 1986 and received the formal ratification of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints on 13 November 1987. This decree affirmed the diocesan process completed its work according to the current standards and would allow for the so-called "Roman Phase" to begin in which the C.C.S. would commence their own investigation into the cause.
The postulation compiled the Positio and submitted it to the C.C.S. in 1990 for their evaluation. It led to Pope John Paul II declaring her to be Venerable on 7 March 1992 after acknowledging that she had lived a life of heroic virtue.
The miracle needed for her beatification was investigated in its diocese of origin and the process was ratified on 3 April 1992 - it involved the cure of Sister Teresa Silva. John Paul II approved the healing as a credible miracle on 23 December 1993 and beatified her on 7 May 1995.


Tadeusz Pikus

Tadeusz Pikus (born 1 September 1949 in Zabiele, Mońki County) is a Polish Roman Catholic prelate who was Bishop of Drohiczyn from 2014 to 2019. He was previously Auxiliary Bishop of Warsaw from 1999 to 2014,
Biography.
He studied at the Academy of Catholic Theology in Warsaw and at the University of Navarre in Pamplona, Spain. He was ordained on 7 June 1981. For two years he served as vicar and catechist in the parish of Holy Family in Jaktorów.
Returning from Spain, he was a lecturer, Prefect, and then Vice-Rector at the Major Metropolitan Seminary of St. John the Baptist in Warsaw. He was also appointed minister of entrepreneurs and promoters of economic life in Warsaw and was the rector of the seminary church of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Białystok.
On 8 May 1999 he was consecrated Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of Warsaw. He continued to teach at the Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw. On 13 October 2005 the Ministry of Education awarded him the Medal of the National Education Commission for outstanding contribution to education.
On 29 March 2014, Pope Francis named him bishop of Drohiczyn.
Pope Francis accepted his resignation on 17 June 2019.


Henry Sidwell

Henry Bindley Sidwell (1857 – 31 August 1936) was the first Bishop of George, the first South African-born bishop to head a diocese.
He was born in Grahamstown and educated at the University of the Cape of Good Hope. Ordained in 1889 he began his career with a curacy in Johannesburg after which he was rector of Middleburg and then Archdeacon of Pretoria before his appointment to the episcopate. He died in post on 31 August 1936.