Patrick Kelly (Irish politician)

Patrick Michael Kelly (10 August 1875 – 20 November 1934) was an Irish soldier, farmer and politician. He was a member of the Irish Free State Oireachtas as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Clare constituency from 1927 to 1932.
Biography.
He was the eldest son of Tom Bán Kelly and Bridget Davoren and the grandson of the successful landowner, Pat Mór Kelly, and Bridget Gibson from Fortview in County Clare. As a soldier he was a member of the Household Cavalry, with whom he distinguished himself with honours in the Boer War. After the war he returned to County Clare to take over the farm at Clonina and eventually to enter political life. Kelly was known as a leader during Ireland's struggle for independence from Britain in the early 20th century.
He was privately educated at home until 1889, when at the age of 14 he was sent to the Jesuit Mungret College in Limerick where he stayed until 1891. He then became a medical student at University College Cork, but clearly retained a bent for adventure. In 1893, at the age of 18, he joined the British Army to fight in the Boer War in South Africa. His cousin, General Sir Thomas Kelly-Kenny, appointed him to the 1st Regiment of Life Guards for the campaign during the Second Boer War of 1899–1901. The size of South Africa meant that cavalry became an invaluable tool for the generals of both sides. Kelly's cavalry unit was very effective and helped win one of their most significant victories of the Boer War at Paardeberg. He had a very successful career in the First Lifeguards and he was Mentioned in Despatches, receiving the Queen's South Africa Medal with six clasps, for his efforts in the Relief of Kimberley and the battles of Paardeberg, Wittebergen, Driefontein, Diamond Hill and Johannesburg.
In the 1920s he turned his attention to politics becoming a member of the Cumann na nGaedheal party. He was an unsuccessful candidate at the 1923 general election. At the June 1927 general election, Cumann na nGaedheal performed poorly, winning just 47 seats of the 153 seats. However, Kelly was elected to the 5th Dáil Éireann. Kelly, along with Éamon de Valera, was elected for the Clare constituency. Kelly served until September of that year, as the 5th Dáil is the shortest Dáil in the history of the state, lasting only 98 days. Following victory in two by-elections, the President of the Executive Council, W. T. Cosgrave called a snap election in September 1927. Cumann na nGaedheal regained most of the ground lost in June, winning 62 seats and 39% of the vote. In the September election for the 6th Dáil which was held on 11 October 1927 Kelly was re-elected. Kelly received 5,647 votes, and de Valera received 13,903 votes and both were elected, based on the proportional representation system. He lost his seat at the 1932 general election.
In 1934, at the age of 59, he died of pneumonia and septicaemia, while he was on the farm. He left his wife, Bridget, and eight children, the youngest of which was just one year old.
His friend Paddy J. Egan of Tullamore, wrote the following glowing appreciation of him in the Mungret Annual in 1935: "I remember Pat Kelly very well at Mungret. He was one of the personalities amongst the Lay Boys of the College about 1890. A bright, breezy, and always cheerful lad, very original and liked by all of us, he was one of the few chaps the mention of whose name provoked smiles of affection in all directions. I would not describe him as a worshipper at the shrine of discipline; in fact, I know that he held somewhat elastic views when he came to interpret rules and regulations. Apart from his likeable disposition, this certainly did contribute something to his popularity. Most of us did not have either his initiative or courage in this respect... I gather that he was personally as popular in the Dáil as he was in Mungret years ago. It was with a keen sense of regret that I heard of his death".


Russkiy Toy

The Russian Toy (also known as the Russian Toy Terrier, and in Russia as the Russkiy Toy and Toychik, ) is a very small breed of dog originally bred in Russia from the English Toy Terrier. There are two types of coats in the breed: smooth coat and long coat. The smooth-coated variety was previously known as the Russian Toy Terrier and long-coated as the Moscow Long-Haired Toy Terrier. Both were brought together under the same Russian Toy Terrier name in 1988 and the "Terrier" was dropped from the name when the breed was added in 2006 to the official list of breeds registered with the Fédération Cynologique Internationale and has been registered in the Foundation Stock Service of the American Kennel Club since 2008, allowed to compete in AKC companion events since 2010. The first official breed standard of the two varieties was written in 1966 in Russia.
The breed was nearly wiped out twice; first in the 1920s with the rise of Communism due to the toy dog's traditional link to the aristocracy and again in the 1990s with the influx of foreign breeds following the fall of the Iron Curtain. The smooth coat type is the older of the two, with the long coat type first appearing in 1958.
Until the 1990s, the breed was almost unknown outside of Russia, and so relatively few details on associated health issues are known. The Russian Toy was originally bred as a rat fighter and as a watchdog, and can still exhibit the vocalization expected from the latter. It is a friendly dog and can become very attached to the family unit. Due to its size and similarities to the Chihuahua, the two are often compared.
Description.
The Russian Toy is one of the smallest breeds in the world, measuring between 20 cm and 28 cm and weighing anywhere between 1 kg and 3 kg. It has a small, distinctive head with large eyes and triangular ears. In countries where docking is prohibited, the tail is curved in the shape of a sickle. There are two types in the breed, distinguished by their coats; one is long-coated and the other smooth-coated. The smooth-coated dog has a short, shiny, close-lying coat. The long-coated variety has a longer coat and profuse feathering in the ears, legs and tail. The feathering or "fringe" on the ears is usually 3 to 5 cm long, can be straight or with a slight wave. It will be grown by the age of three and should completely cover the outer edges and tips of the ears.
The smooth coat type of the breed closely resembles the Pražský Krysařík breed of the Czech Republic. The Pražský on average is a little shorter on leg and a little heavier than the Russian Toy.
Both of the Russian Toy varieties can be crossed and produce smooth- and long-coated puppies from the same litter. In addition, when two smooth-coated dogs are bred together, they may occasionally bear a long-coated offspring if the long hair gene is present in their pedigrees. However, there have been no records of two long-coated Russian Toys breeding together and producing smooth-coated offspring.
The breed has four main colors: black and tan, blue and tan, brown and tan, and solid red of various shades. Red includes sable (red where the tips of the hairs are black, known as overlay) and red sable (red with brown overlay).
Health.
A Russian Toy will often require the help of a veterinarian to remove any retained deciduous teeth (known as "puppy teeth" or "baby teeth") that fail to fall out and make way for the permanent teeth. Without this intervention, usually done under anesthetic, the baby and permanent teeth will occupy the same socket in the jaw, which can cause tartar deposits, tooth decay, gingivitis and periodontitis, and can lead to premature loss of teeth. Retained puppy teeth can also cause misalignment of the teeth.
As with most breeds of dog, the Russian Toy can suffer from patellar luxation, which is where the knee cap slips out of place when the knee bends as the groove that normally holds it in place is too shallow. It is usually an inherited defect, which occurs during the development of the foetus and rarely by trauma.
Russian Toys can suffer from bone fractures due to their small and sometimes delicate nature.
Temperament.
Active and cheerful, the Russian Toy was originally bred both as an anti-rat dog and a watch dog. The second quality is still active in the breed, and they can be very vocal. They can become quite attached to their family, regardless of the ages of the family members. Russian Toys are usually very reserved with strangers, but very loyal to their owners, always ready to protect them from any perceived danger.
History.
The first evidence of English-style terriers in Russia can be seen in the Museum of Zoology in Saint Petersburg. On display is an English style terrier dated 1716–1726 with a sign that reads "This dog is a short hair terrier named Lizetta. It personally belonged to the Russian Emperor Peter the Great." Indeed, the breed was developed as a companion dog for the Russian nobility. According to some accounts, records indicate that eight smooth-coated Russian Toys competed in a dog show in Saint Petersburg as far back as 1874. The more generally accepted first reference to the breed appears in May 1907 when 11 Russian Toys were shown at an exhibition in Saint Petersburg. In 1923, two dogs appeared at a Moscow dog show and in 1924, three more were awarded medals at a show in Odessa. But as a result of the October Revolution, the Russian Toy diminished in popularity and in numbers as these types of dogs were closely linked to the aristocracy and therefore frowned upon. In 1947, only one dog was shown in Saint Petersburg. When breeding began to revitalize the stock of Russian Toys in Russia, only a few of the dogs left had pedigrees or were purebred.
The lack of numbers and political isolation of the country at the time caused the creation of a new breed quite distinct from the former English style toy dog as breeders sought to stabilise the remaining toy sized terriers into a standard breed. The resulting contemporary Russian Toy has most of the features of the classic toy terrier, with the addition of some new characteristics. The head is high but not wide, the cheeks are flat and the eyes are round. By 1960, 76 dogs were entered into an exhibition and the first standard for the two Russian Toy varieties was written in 1966 and authorized by the Ministry of Agriculture.
In 1988, the Russian Kynological Federation published a new breed standard, combining the short-coated Russian Toy Terrier and the long-coated Moscow Toy Terrier under "Russian Toy Terrier." However, after the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989, the popularity of imported exotic breeds nearly drove the Russian Toy into extinction. A resurgence occurred thanks to a new energetic generation of dog breeders, but the breed remained virtually unknown outside of Russia until the 1990s. Several kennels have now been established outside Russia, the most successful ones located in Finland, Estonia, Belarus, Ukraine and Czech Republic. Interest in the breed is on the rise in the US and Japan.
The Russian Toy was provisionally recognised by the Federation Cynologique Internationale in 2006 and gained definitive recognition in 2017.
The United Kennel Club and the Foundation Stock Service of the American Kennel Club both accepted the breed in 2008
Russian Toys are also recognized by the American Rare Breed Association and International All Breed Canine Association.
Development of the long-coated Russian Toy.
The original long-coated Russian Toy is arguably a dog named Chikki born on 12 October 1958 to two smooth-coated dogs that both had slightly longer hair than was typical. Initially, the puppy was not to be registered as its coat was too long meet the breed standard, and usually such dogs would not participate in breeding programs and would often be put down. Chikki, however, was registered with a pedigree and purchased by Evgeniya Fominichna Zharova. Zharova is thus the long-coated variety's founding breeder as the first breeder to intentionally retain and breed a dog with a longer coat. Chikki developed an ear fringe and was mated with a female named Irma, who also had a longer coat than most smooth-coated dogs, and together they produced a litter of three long-coated puppies. Zharova developed the breed in Moscow, and so it came to be known as the Moscow Toy Terrier. The breed made its first appearance at a dog show in 1964 and the standard was set in 1966. Ten years after Chikki's birth, between 1968 and 1969, approximately 300 long-coated dogs were registered – a significant number considering that Russian Toy litters tend to be small, typically one to three puppies. Today, the long-coated variety has an established presence in Poland, the Czech Republic, Estonia, the Ukraine and a number of other countries, but the breeding program is particularly strong in Finland.
The first Russian Toy was brought to Finland in 1988 when a long-coated male named Black-Champion-Bonaparte was imported from Russia and registered by Sirpa Lehtinen under Kennel Jojamint's. A female named Ste-Shihu was brought later that same year from Estonia by the same owner, and the two produced Finland's first Russian Toy litter (Jojamint's Agostini and Jojamint's Alboreto) also in 1988. Black-Champion-Bonaparte and Ste-Shihu were the first Russian Toys to appear in a dog show in Finland in 1989.
American Kennel Club history.
The Foundation Stock Service (FSS) of the American Kennel Club (AKC) accepted the Russian Toy into its records in August 2008, and in July 2009, the Russian Toy was approved to compete in AKC companion events from 1 January 2010 onwards. Russian Toys can also be shown and earn Certificate of Merit Points at FSS Open shows.
In 2008, the AKC board and FSS also acknowledged the Russian Toy Club of America (RTCA). The following year, the AKC board and FSS acknowledged Russian Toy Dog Club of America, Inc. (RTDCA).
In 2010 this second club, RTDCA, decided to become the National Club for the Russian Toy breed in the United Kennel Club (UKC), where it became known as the "Russkiy" Toy Dog Club of America, Inc. (RTDCA). In 2013, the RTDCA was asked by AKC to separate into two distinct clubs with different officers to form two independent clubs: one to represent the AKC club and the other to represent the UKC Club. The AKC Russian Toy Dog Club of America added the word "The" to their name and became The Russian Toy Dog Club of America (TRTDCA) while the UKC club retained the original Russkiy Toy Dog Club of America name (RTDCA).
In August 2013, AKC stated that the two clubs RTCA and TRTDCA must combine into one club to represent the Russian Toy breed in the AKC.


R.H. Cowan Livery Stable

The R.H. Cowan Livery Stable, at 220 Maxwell Ave. in Springer, New Mexico, was built in 1883. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.
It is a building with thick walls made of sandstone rubble. In 1979 the building was "shaded on the north by an enormous cottonwood". On its gable front there is a round window with the words "R. H. Cowan Livery Stable" above, and, in 1979 it also showed "1883", although the date of construction was not fully readable. Historic photos show it fully.


Thomas Mason (New Zealand politician)


Piemonte (wine)

Piemonte wine is the range of Italian wines made in the region of Piedmont in the northwestern corner of Italy.
The best-known wines from the region include Barolo and Barbaresco. They are made from the Nebbiolo grape. These wines are ideal for storage and a well-aged Barolo for instance may leave a feeling of drinking velvet because the tannins are polished and integrated more and more into the wine. As the wine matures the colour becomes more brownish and rust-red.
Other popular grapes used for red wine production are Barbera and Dolcetto. Wine made with the Barbera grape is often fruity, with high acidity. It can be delicate with less tannin than wine made from the Nebbiolo grape. Dolcetto on the other side, is not, as the name indicates, sweet. Dolcetto means "little sweet one". (dolce is Italian for sweet). The grape gives fresh and dry red wines with some tannin. The wines made with the Dolcetto grape are typically consumed relatively young.
The sparkling wine Asti spumante is made from the Moscato grape. The majority of the area's winemaking take places in the provinces of Cuneo, Asti and Alessandria. The Brachetto is another variety used for making sweet and sparkling red wines.
While Turin is the capital of the Piedmont, Alba and Asti are at the heart of the region's wine industry. The winemaking industry of the Piedmont played a significant role in the early stages of the "Risorgimento" with some of the era's most prominent figures – such as Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi – owning vineyards in Piedmont region and making significant contributions to the development of Piedmontese wines. The excessively high tariffs imposed by the Austrian Empire on the export of Piedmontese wines to Austrian controlled areas of northern Italy was one of the underlying sparks to the revolutions of 1848–1849.
History.
As in most of Italy, native vines are abundant in the land that the Ancient Greeks called "Oenotrua" (meaning "land of vines") and was subsequently cultivated by the Romans. With its close proximity, France has been a significant viticultural influence on the region, particularly Burgundy, which is evident today in the varietal styles of most Piedmontese wines with very little blending. One of the earliest mention of Piedmontese wines occurred in the 14th century when the Italian agricultural writer Pietro de Crescentius wrote his "Liber Ruralium Commodorum". He noted the efforts of the Piedmontese to make "Greek style" sweet wines by twisting the stems of the grapes clusters and letting them hang longer on the vine to dry out. He also noted the changes with trellising in the region with more vines being staked close to the grounds rather than cultivated high among trees in the manner more common to Italian viticulture at the time. In the 17th century, the court jeweller of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy earned broad renown for his pale red "Chiaretto" made entirely from the Nebbiolo grape.
During the "Risorgimento" (Italian unification) of the 19th century, many Piemontese winemakers and land owners played a pivotal role. The famous Italian patriot Giuseppe Garibaldi was a winemaker who in the 1850s introduced the use of the Bordeaux mixture to control the spread of oidium that was starting to ravage the area's vineyards. Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour was a wealthy vineyard owner who went abroad to study advance viticulture prior to founding the political newspaper "Il Risorgimento". He was highly influential in the adoption of many French viticultural techniques among the Piemontese vineyards.
One of the early sparks of the Italian revolts against Austria was the act of the Austrian government to double the tariffs of Piemontese wines into the Austrian control lands of Lombardy, Emilia and the Veneto. This had a crippling effect on the Piemontese wine industry, essentially cutting them off from their main export market. In 1846, King Charles Albert of Sardinia spoke to the Piedmontese winegrowers at the meeting of the Agricultural Congress at Casale Monferrato where he assailed the Austrian oppression. By 1848, Piedmont was at war with Austria in one of the early events that eventually led to the unification of the Italian peninsula under the rule of Charles Albert's son Victor Emmanuel.
Climate and geography.
The Piedmont region is located in the foothills of the Alps forming its border with France and Switzerland. To the northwest is the Valle d'Aosta, to the east is the province of Lombardy with the Liguria region forming its southern border along the Apennines. In addition to the vast mountainous terrain, the Po Valley consumes a large area of available land-leaving only 30% of the region suitable for vineyard plantings. The valley and the mountains do contribute to the area's noted fog cover which aides in the ripening of the Nebbiolo grape (which gets its name from the Piedmontese word "nebbia" meaning "fog").
Although the winemaking regions of the Piedmont and Bordeaux are very close in latitude, only the summertime temperatures are similar: the Piedmont wine region has a colder, continental winter climate, and significantly lower rainfall due to the rain shadow effect of the Alps. Vineyards are typically planted on hillsides altitudes between 490–1150 ft (150-400 metre). The warmer south facing slopes are mainly used for Nebbiolo or Barbera while the cooler sites are planted with Dolcetto or Moscato.
Regions.
The majority of the region's winemaking (about 90%) takes place in the southern part of Piedmont around the towns of Alba (in Cuneo), Asti and Alessandria.
The Piemonte wine region is divided into five broad zones.
DOCs.
The Piedmont region is home to 42 "Denominazione di origine controllata" (DOC) and 17 "Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita" (DOCG).
The 18 DOCG wines in Piedmont are:
Grapes and wines.
Barbera is the most widely planted grape in the region, but Nebbiolo and Dolcetto account for a significant portion of the area's red wine production as well. With white wines, Moscato is the most prominent with its sparkling and frizzante style wines. Other notable white wines include styles made from the Cortese grape in Gavi as well as blends of Cortese with Arneis and Favorita from Colli Tortonesi and Alto Monferrato. Since the 1980s there has been growing numbers of experimental plantings with the international varieties of Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Merlot, Pinot noir, Sauvignon blanc and Syrah. Other local or indigenous grapes include Baratuciat, Bonarda, Croatina, Erbaluce, Freisa, Gamba di Pernice, Grignolino, Grisa nera, Malvasia nera, Pelaverga, Plassa, Rossese bianco, Timorasso, Uvalino, Uva Rara and Vespolina.
The Piedmont produces more DOCG wines by volume than any other Italian wine region with nearly 84% of all the areas wine production falling under a DOCG designation. The area has no "Indicazione Geografica Tipica" (IGT) classification, in contrast to Tuscany where IGT wines or Super Tuscans make up a significant portion of that region's wine production.
Some varietal style wines are made in the Piedmont region with the name of the grape and town both appearing on the label. Some DOC examples include Barbera d'Alba, Barbera d'Asti, and Dolcetto di Dogliani made entirely from the Barbera and Dolcetto grape respectively.
Barolo.
In 1980, the wines of the Barolo region became one of the first Italian wines to receive DOCG status. Produced to the southwest of the town of Alba in the hills of the Langhe, Barolo is a big, tannic expression of the Nebbiolo grape. The soil of this area is a composition of clay and marl which helps to lessen the naturally high acidity of Nebbiolo. The Tanaro river flows through the heart of Barolo country and serves as a tempering influence on the region's summertime heat till harvest time in late October/mid November. A small wine region, extending over 7 miles in length and 5 miles at its widest point, Barolo produces about 500,000 cases of wine annually. Nearly 87% of the zone productions comes from vineyards in five communities: Barolo, Castiglione Falletto, La Morra, Monforte d'Alba, and Serralunga d'Alba.
Wines from the Central Valley of La Morra and Barolo tend to be very perfumed and velvety with less tannins than other Barolos. The soil of the Central Valley itself is more clay based with increased levels of magnesium oxide and manganese. The wines from the Serralunga Valley are more full bodied and tannic and require aging of 12–15 years before they hit their peak. The soil of the Serralunga is heavy in sand, iron, limestone, phosphorus and potassium.
Barbaresco.
Being produced from the same grape as Barolo and less than 10 miles apart, there are a lot of similarities that Barbaresco has with it neighboring wines but the slight maritime influence of the Tanaro river helps fashion distinctly different wines. Generally less tannic, Barbaresco tend to be more elegant and approachable in their youth. The Barbaresco DOCG regulation stipulates wines with minimum alcohol content of 12.5% and 2 years minimum aging in the winery for standard labels and 4 years minimum for "riservas" wines. Being an even smaller zone than Barolo, producers in the region produce a little more than 200,000 cases annually. The majority of Barbaresco production takes place in 3 communities: Barbaresco, Treiso and Neive. The soils in the Barbaresco zone are more uniform across the region which tends to produce a more consistent profile with the wines than what can be achieved across the widely different areas of Barolo.
Moscato d'Asti.
The white wines made from the "Moscato Bianco" (also known as Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains) are most noted for their frizzante and sparkling "spumante" styles but some still wines are produced as well. Located northeast of Alba, the wines from the Asti region are known for their delicate light bodies, low alcohol content and slightly sweet nature. Like many sparkling wines, Asti are not vintage dated even though a majority of the grapes might all come from the same vintage year. The wines are typically at their peak between 1 and 2 years from their release.
Other wines.
The Barbera grape is the most widely planted variety in all of the Piedmont and makes a juicy, muscular red wine that is not as tannic as Barolo and Barbaresco. It is grown in nearly every major wine making region of the Piedmont but seems to do best in the southern part of the province of Asti in the Nizza DOCG zone. Some producers are experimenting with blending Barbera with Nebbiolo to combine the former's fruitiness with the later's structure. The light fruitiness of wines from the Dolcetto grape has caused some wine writers to describe it as the Italian version of Beaujolais. The wines have a sense of spiciness to them with little acid and tannins. They are able to be drunk relatively young and tend to be the every day drinking wines of the Piedmontese.
Up until the 1980s, when the wines of the Friuli-Venezia Giulia began to receive notice, the white wines of the Gavi region were touted as the best expression of dry Italian wine. Made primarily from the Cortese grape, these wines are noted for their dry, crisp acidity with citrus and mineral notes. The white wines made from the Arneis grape tend to be dry, vibrant and full body with notes of pears and apricots. Produced in the hills of the Roero to the northwest of Alba, the name Arneis means "rascal" in Piedmontese.


Mudi

The Mudi is a herding dog breed from Hungary. It is closely related to the Puli and Pumi, from which it was separated in the 1930s. They continue to be used in herding, as well as participating in a variety of dog sports.
History.
The Mudi was first discovered as a breed in 1936 by Dr. Dezso Fenyes in Hungary, where it became known as the "driver dog." Mudis nearly disappeared shortly after their recognition, as many were killed during World War II. The breed became recognized by The Federation Cynologique Internationale in 1966, followed by the United Kennel Club in 2006.
Description.
Appearance.
Mudis are born with various lengths of tails from bobtails to long full length tails. Dogs born with short or natural bobtail will be indicated on the FCI pedigree.
Exercise and activities.
The Mudi is a very active breed. They need to be taken on daily, long, brisk walks or jogs. In addition, they will benefit from a large safe area where they can run free. They need a lot of running and other exercises to be in good condition. They love to play and will excel in all kinds of dog sports such as Frisbee. The Mudi can compete in dog agility trials, obedience, Rally obedience, Schutzhund, showmanship, flyball, tracking, and herding events. Herding instincts and trainability can be measured at noncompetitive herding tests. Mudi that exhibit basic herding instincts can be trained to compete in herding trials.


Juellund

Juellund is a manor house and estate in Ringsted Municipality, Denmark. It was established by Jens Juel in 1694 but has been part of the Giesegaard estate since 1751.
History.
Juellund was established when Jens Juel purchased and merged the old manors of Jonstrup and Herlufstrup in 1694. It is a typical example of the concentration of land on fewer manors that took place up through the 17th century. Juel belonged to the inner circle around first Vhristian V and then Frederick IV. He expanded the estate through the acquisition of more land prior to his death in 1700.
Juel's widow, For the Krag, married Christian Gyldenløve who sold Juellund to Hans Benzon om 1702. The estate changed hands several times over the next 50 years. In 1751, Juellund was sold to Anna Sophie Schack, one of the largest landowners in the country. She included the estate in stamhuset Giesegaard.stamhuset Giesegaard was dissolved in 1922 as a result of "lansafløsningsloven".


Vernor Smith

Vernor Winfield Smith (February 17, 1864 – July 19, 1932) was a politician in Alberta, Canada who served as the province's Minister of Railways and Telephones from 1921 until 1932. Born in 1864 in Prince Edward Island, he moved to British Columbia in 1883 where he worked for several railway companies as an accountant. In 1915 he moved to Camrose, Alberta to become a farmer. The same year, he married Lily Bury, with whom he would have five children.
Smith contested the 1921 provincial election in the riding of Camrose for the United Farmers of Alberta (UFA), where he received 56% of the vote and defeated incumbent Liberal George P. Smith. The UFA, which had never before run candidates in an election, won a surprise victory in 1921, and new premier Herbert Greenfield appointed Smith to his cabinet as Minister of Railways and Telephones. In this capacity, Smith was responsible for dealing with a number of money-losing railways, including the Edmonton, Dunvegan and British Columbia Railway (ED&BC), that had fallen into the government's hands as a result of the collapse of the syndicates that had built them. He favoured government ownership of these railways, while Greenfield supported selling them to the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR). Smith did not like the CPR, and in 1923 publicly accused it of dereliction of duty in relation to a contract it held to recondition the ED&BC; Greenfield apologized to the CPR in the legislature on behalf of the government, opening a rift between him and his minister. One independent member of the legislative assembly speculated that "if the farmer members of the House took a vote between Greenfield and Smith" on the issue, "they would certainly take Smith." Indeed, the issue was one of several leading the UFA to caucus to pressure Greenfield to resign in favour of his Attorney-General, John Edward Brownlee, which he did in 1925.
Resolving the railways question was one of Brownlee's top priorities, and in early 1926 he and Smith travelled to Ottawa, where they met with federal Minister of Railways Charles Avery Dunning in an unsuccessful effort to persuade him that the federal government should take over the railways. Next they travelled to Montreal, where they reached an agreement with the Royal Bank of Canada (RBC) to acquire its shares in the ED&BC, originally valued at $2 million, for $1.3 million; this gave the government full ownership of the railway and the flexibility to sell, lease, or operate it without requiring the consent of the RBC. Still in Montreal, Brownlee and Smith made offers to sell the railway to both the CPR and the Canadian National Railway (CNR). Neither was interested, and on returning to Edmonton Smith repeated his recommendation for direct government operation of the railways. Brownlee proved more receptive to the idea than Greenfield had, and the government appointed John Callaghan—a business acquaintance of Smith's and a successful railway contractor—as Superintendent of Railways. Callaghan was successful in converting the railways to profit-making ventures, and in 1928 one of the smaller lines, the Lacombe and North Western, was sold to the CPR for $1.5 million. The following year, the CPR purchased all remaining lines for $25 million.
Vernor Smith was re-elected in the 1926 and 1930 elections, and remained Minister of Railways and Telephones. On July 19, 1932, Smith dropped dead at his Edmonton home while preparing to meet his family at his summer cottage at Pigeon Lake. He had been suffering from angina pectoris for years and had succumbed to the condition.
Vernor Smith's great grandson is musician Mac DeMarco, whose birth name—Vernor Winfield McBriare Smith IV—was chosen in honour of the elder Smith.


Seager Wheeler

Seager Wheeler, MBE (1868 – December 15, 1961) was a Canadian agronomist. Wheeler produced viable economic wheat and fruit strains for a short prairie growing season with harsh winters. Known as the "Wheat King of the prairies" or "The Wheat Wizard of Rosthern" he owned and operated the Seager Wheeler's Maple Grove Farm. He was designated as a person of national historic significance in 1988 by the Canadian federal government and inducted into the Saskatchewan Agricultural Hall of Fame.
Seager came to Canada in 1885 and applied for his own homestead in 1890. His original homestead was located at NE Section 16 Township 38 Range 4 West of the 3rd Meridian, and he was aided by a loan from the Temperance Colonization Society Limited - Toronto Whereas the nearest present day town of Rosthern, Saskatchewan is located at Sec.35, Twp.42, R.3, W3. To get to the restored Seager Wheeler Maple Grove Farm travel 7 km east of Rosthern. Five separate entries of wheat which were grown at this farm location during 1911 to 1918 won World Wheat Championships. Morris Bodnar, Member of Parliament for Saskatoon—Dundurn, commemorated Seager Wheeler's Maple Grove Farm as a National Historic Site of Canada on August 3, 1996. The site is honoured as the location where hardy wheat and fruit strains were developed which were well suited to the prairie climate and growing season.
Life.
Born on the Isle of Wight, England in 1868, Wheeler emigrated to the Canadian prairies in 1885, the year of the North West Rebellion. He worked on various farms for five years before applying for his own homestead near Rosthern, Saskatchewan. He died in Victoria and is interred with his family in the Bergthal cemetery, near Rosthern, where he homesteaded. He co-authored a book with Herbert Joseph (Hopkins) Moorhouse called “Seager Wheeler’s Profitable Grain Growing”. His life story by Jim Shilliday was published in 2007 by the Canadian Plains Research Center.
History.
Seager Wheeler developed many dryland farming techniques, invented equipment as well as winning numerous awards for developing wheat strains and fruits which would grow in the short prairie season, seeds which would survive over winter and many other practices which helped develop a sustainable agricultural economy in Saskatchewan.


Fulton Street Farmers Market

Fulton Street Farmers Market is the longest-running farmers market in the Grand Rapids area. First opened in 1922, it is a popular destination for the city and its metropolitan area's residents.
The market has 118 outdoor booths under a roof, and room for a small number of vendors in an indoor shopping hall, which also houses the information desk. The market opens four days a week from May to Christmas, and just Saturdays from January to April. The focus is on farm produce, with vendors providing locally grown produce getting first priority. Mobile food vendors such as food trucks and food carts also serve customers on its busier days.
It is located just west of the intersection between Fulton Street East and Fuller Avenue NE in the Midtown area of Grand Rapids.
An art market occupies the location on Sundays from June to September.
History.
The Fulton Street Farmers Market is the oldest and largest in Grand Rapids. When it was established in 1922 there were three other markets in operation: a large wholesale market located on Market Street by the river and railroad tracks, a smaller market on Cottage Grove Avenue on the Southeast side of town, and one on the West side of town by the river on Leonard Street.
Originally known as the East Side Market, the site where the Fulton Street Farmers Market currently sits was set aside by the city to ease traffic congestion caused by farmers selling produce block by block from their vehicles or wagons. In 1926, an office structure was built, which since the market office moved into a new building in 2013 has become occupied by the Midtown Neighborhood Association.
Tanis Orchards has had the longest tenure of many loyal and regular vendors, dating back to 1931. There are a number of "seasonal" vendors (having first refusal on their booth during the entire season), and many daily vendors. A waiting list exists for the busiest market day, Saturday.
The market underwent a $3 million renovation in 2012 and 2013. A roof was added in 2012 along with a refurbished outdoor market space and permanent stalls with electricity and lighting; while a year-round vendor building was opened in May 2013. The 2,000-square-foot space includes vendor space, restrooms, the market office and information desk.
Payment Options.
All eligible vendors at the market accept SNAP, Double Up Food Bucks, and WIC (including Project Fresh). The market was one of the largest included in a pilot program for mobile digital payments but on conclusion of that program it has reverted to using tokens to facilitate SNAP and Double Up payments.
Some vendors accept credit/debit cards for payment via their own mobile devices. The market also sells $5 tokens, which have the same value as cash with all market vendors.
Parking.
Parking exists on the market site, which can be limited on the busiest days such as Saturdays. The nearby Salvation Army building, located across Fuller Avenue, offers its parking lot to market customers on Saturdays. Street parking is generally a possibility in the area.
Transit.
Rapid route 14 "East Fulton" serves the market with half-hourly service on weekdays and hourly service on Saturdays. The westbound/inbound stop was built into the new plaza that opened in 2012, moving from a location across Fuller Avenue. The eastbound/outbound stop is at the corner of Fuller Avenue, allowing pedestrians to cross with signal assistance at the intersection.
Route 14 intersects with the new Silver Line at Fulton Street Station about a mile to the west, serves Heritage Hill and downtown Grand Rapids before reaching Central Station.
Visitor Facilities.
Restrooms are available at both the north and south ends of the market. Wifi is available to guests and vendors. An ATM is present in the indoor vendors' hall at the south end. Bicycle racks are located at each end. Parking for disabled is located in the center of the market.


Jan Vydra

Jan Karl Vydra is an Australian farmer and businessman.
Born to Alena and Jerry Vydra on 14 April 1982, in a small town in the Czech republic called Mariánské Lázně, immigrated to Australia in 1985 to become an Australia businessman and Australia's young farmer of the year 2011.
He runs Australian Fresh leaf Herbs, a fresh herb producer in Australia and Nucleus Logic, a Tech Start up. that specialises transforming business supply chains into the new age of cloud computing
Jan acknowledges that food production needs to be more sustainable and mixed with popular technology to encourage the future of farmers to take up their positions as producers of food.
The title of Young farmer of the year in 2011 was followed by a listing in Melbourne's Top 100 most influential people published by The Age Newspapers, which allowed Jan Vydra to have a voice in the Sustainable agriculture industry Australia while building a spin-off cloud computing company Nucleus Logic.


Foris Vineyards Winery

Foris Vineyards Winery is an American winery located near Cave Junction, Oregon in the Illinois Valley region of the Rogue Valley AVA of Southern Oregon. As one of Oregon's pioneering grape growers, Ted Gerber planted his first vineyard in 1974. For 15 years, Gerber provided fruit to other winemakers, until 1986 when the winery was founded by Ted and Meri Gerber and the Foris label was launched.
In 2000, Ted and Meri Gerber received the Oregon Winery Association's Founders Award for their contribution to the industry. Over the years, the Gerber's have been partners in many projects conducted by Oregon State University and United States Department of Agriculture.
Foris is one of Oregon's most consistent producers specializing in Pinot Noir, and Alsace varietal white wines- Pinot Gris, Pinot Blanc, Gewurztraminer, Riesling, and Muscat. Gerber was among the first to recognize that the Dijon clones of Chardonnay and Pinot Noir offered considerable opportunity for blending and complexity. His Dijon clone propagation program supplied several top California wineries with grafted wood.
History.
While Foris turns out a variety of wines and has been known for years for producing excellent Gewurztraminer, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Pinot Blanc, and other cool climate varietals, Armed with meteorological data going back 30 years, Gerber and his late wife, Meri, purchased their first 15 acres near the old, abandoned mining town of Holland in the hills above Cave Junction in 1971. At the time, the Gerber's were as much pioneers down south as the Letts, Eraths, Adelsheims, and Ponzi's were up north.
In 1990, he hired Sarah Powell a French-trained winemaker who focused on low yields and quality fruit. Foris began producing Pinot Noir and launched marketing their wines to states outside of Oregon. Powell's success was particularly noted when Foris 1994 Maple Ranch Pinot Noir was served at a White House dinner in 1997. Powell left Foris in 2001 to pursue a consulting career.
Eventually Gerber invited Bryan Wilson to join Foris and he became winemaker in 2007, bringing a new vibrancy to Foris wines. Wilson's working background included winemaking at Stags Leap Wine Cellars in Napa, Benziger Family Winery in Sonoma and Sylvan Ridge near Eugene Oregon.
Foris is known for their Gewürztraminer, Chardonnay, Pinot noir and Merlot and had its 2006 Pinot Blanc voted "Best of Show" at the World of Wine Festival near Gold Hill, Oregon. They also produce Foris Cave Bear Red, the sale of which is used to support the Oregon Caves Chateau renovation.
Vineyards.
 Foris has 145 estate planted acres of vineyards. The high elevation in the Illinois Valley, 1,200 to 1,800 feet, results in a short growing season. annual rainfall within the region is approximately 60 inches. Winters are cold and wet. Springs are warm and usually dry. Summers are dry and hot. The elevation and close proximity to the Pacific Ocean, defines a location well suited for cool climate varieties such as Pinot Noir and Alsace varietal white wines- Pinot Gris, Pinot Blanc, Gewurztraminer, Riesling, and Muscat.
All estate vineyards are within three miles of each other and the winery.
Wines.
In 2013, Foris produced 45,000 cases of wine and ranked #13 for Top Oregon Wineries by Total Production. Approximately 22,500 cases in 2013 were produced for the Foris label, positioning Foris #20 for Top Oregon Wineries by Brand/Label. Varietals featured under the Foris label are estate grown Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Pinot Blanc, Gewurztraminer, Riesling, and Moscato as well as their single vineyard Maple Ranch Pinot Noir. The wines are distributed in 38 states, the District of Columbia, and Japan. Foris also produces Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, and Merlot as well as the famous "Fly Over Red"- a blend of Bordeaux varietals with the fruit sourced from several vineyards in the Rogue Valley.
Ownership.
Foris was founded by Ted and Meri Gerber. In 1971, they began studying Oregon's climate over the past 30 years and decided that the weather and soil in Oregon could grow quality grapes. They purchased near the former gold mining town of Holland and added more in 1975 in what is now the site of Gerber Ranch and Foris Winery. The early years saw failed crops and the wrong grapes planted in the wrong areas. Changes in the wine market also forced various adjustments over the years. By 2006, Foris' crops had proved that the Illinois Valley is a viable place to grow grapes.
In 2007, Foris Winery produced 48,000 cases of wine, making it the 14th-largest bonded winery in Oregon.


John V. Farrelly

John V. Farrelly (born 4 November 1954) is a former Irish Fine Gael politician and auctioneer. He was a TD for the Meath constituency from 1981 to 1992 and 1997 to 2002. He was a member of Seanad Éireann from 1993 to 1997. He was a member of Meath County Council from 1999 to 2014.
He was educated at St Finian's College, Mullingar and Warrenstown Agricultural College, County Meath. Farrelly was first elected to Dáil Éireann at the 1981 general election and retained his seat until losing it at the 1992 general election to Labour's Brian Fitzgerald. He was elected to Seanad Éireann on the Agricultural Panel in 1993. He regained the Dáil seat at the 1997 general election but lost it at the 2002 general election to party colleague Damien English. He did not contest the 2005 Meath by-election when Fine Gael's John Bruton retired.
In June 2013 he was appointed Cathaoirleach (Chairperson) of Meath County Council. He lost his seat at the 2014 local elections.


Lagrein

Lagrein (pronounced lah-GRAH’EEN, lah-GRINE or lah-GRI’NE) is a red wine grape variety native to the valleys of South Tyrol, northern Italy. Along with Marzemino, it is a descendant of Teroldego, and related to Syrah, Pinot noir and Dureza.
The name suggests its origins lie in the Lagarina valley of Trentino. It was mentioned as early as in the 17th century, in records of the Muri Abbey near Bolzano.
Wine regions.
Cultivation of Lagrein in South Tyrol usually results in the tannic red wines Lagrein Scuro, or Lagrein Dunkel, or the fragrant rosé wines Lagrein Rosato, or Lagrein Kretzer. In recent years, winemaking techniques have changed, with shortened maceration periods and used oak to achieve less aggressive flavours.
In Australia it is increasing in popularity, increasing from zero at the start of the century to about 40 producers currently, mostly in the cooler parts of the south-eastern states. Lagrein was pioneered in Australia by Peter May of Melbourne University’s Burnley Campus who discovered a couple of vines in the "vine library" of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation at Merbein in northeast Victoria, and in part influenced by research by Richard Smart and Peter Dry, planted the variety in his garden-sized vineyard at Kyneton in 1988.
There are small quantities of Lagrein grown in the Central Coast of California where it produces single varietal wine and is also blended with Syrah and Petite Sirah, and an additional production vineyard in the Umpqua Valley AVA which has planted. Additional plantings include small acreage in the Willamette Valley, grown entirely by Montinore Estate
Styles.
Lagrein produces wine with high acidity that are highly tannic. Eric Asimov notes that Lagrein produces


Knabstrupper

The Knabstrupper, also called Knabstrup horse, is a Danish breed of horse with an unusual range of coat coloration.
Characteristics.
The breed is usually around , but also pony-sized ones (under are found. Coat patterns range from solid to a full leopard-spotted coat, with many variants in between. The spotted coat is caused by a genetic mechanism called the leopard complex. The spotted color patterns common in the Knabstrupper are seen in other breeds, such as the Appaloosa horse, though the two breeds developed independently of one another. The breed generally has either warmblood or Baroque horse conformation.
Some Knabstruppers are born with solid colors, such as bay or chestnut.
History.
The Knabstrupper breed was first established in 1812 in Denmark. A chestnut mare with leopard complex blanket markings was bred to a solid-colored stallion, producing a colt with dramatic spotting. The mare and her son were each bred to many other horses, producing many offspring with spotting and establishing the Knabstrupper as a breed.
This breed was once very popular, but later was crossbred with other horses, and whether any purebreds from this breed remain is not certain. They do well in dressage and show jumping, and are used in general riding, as carriage and as circus horses. In 1971, three Appaloosa stallions were imported to Denmark to add new blood to the Knabstrupper breed.
Knabstruppers today are bred in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy, Germany, Netherland, the United Kingdom, the United States, and most recently, the Czech Republic, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada.


Buvuma Island

Buvuma Island (sometimes 'Uvuma', locally ) is the largest island in the Buvuma Islands chain, in Lake Victoria in Africa.
Location.
The chain of islands known as Buvuma Islands consists of more than fifty islands and is located a few kilometres off the northern shores of Lake Victoria, Uganda in the Napoleon Gulf. Buvuma is approximately , by water, south of the major city of Jinja, and around , south-east of the national capital, Kampala. It is part of the wider Buganda region, and was administered as part of Mukono but was recently made into a district of its own by the government of Uganda.
Description.
The main island is Buvuma, with a land area of around 200 square-miles (517 km²), and a population of around 20,000. It is forested, and is a destination for intrepid bird-watching tourists. The forest is being cut and burned to provide three boats a day full of charcoal for the nearby city of Jinja. There are twenty-six gazetted Forest Reserves in Buvuma.
Transportation and health.
There is a somewhat unreliable ferry to the mainland. There are also unofficial small boat services from Kiyindi, a major fishing village on the shores of Lake Victoria. Boat taxis provide transportation daily from the islands to Masese, a landing site near Jinja. There are two health centres, but no electricity on the island. Sleeping sickness and tsetse flies are major concerns. Because of the communities' heavy reliance on the lake water, which is infested with parasites, inhabitants are susceptible to Bilharzia.
Economy.
The area is very poor compared to other parts of Uganda because funds allocated to it are often diverted before they reach the island.
The waters around the islands are rich in fish, and the local Bavuma and Basoga are fishermen.
In 2012, Bidco Palm Oil Limited, a regional edible oil manufacturer, unveiled plans to establish a palm oil plantation and processing factory, beginning in 2013. With another , in a planned outgrowers' scheme, the entire Bidco Palm Oil Project on Buvuma Island is expected to grow to , when completed.
Education and religion.
Most adults are illiterate and speak no English (one of the official languages of Uganda).
One third of the population is Muslim, one third is animist, and the other one third is Christian. The longest running missionary project is Youth With A Mission (YWAM) on Lingira Island. They have a primary health care and community development project that has been running since 1991. On the main island of Buvuma, the World Gospel Mission does some limited child immunization, clean water projects, trains traditional birth attendants, and sponsors a primary school.
Parliamentary representative.
The Buvuma elected Parliamentary representative (2001-2006 and 2006-2011) was William Nsubuga. he succeeded John Richard Wasswa who reigned from 1996 to 2001. In 2011 Migadde Robert Ndugwa was elected to replace Nsubuga. In 2016, Migadde Robert Ndugwa was re-elected for the second term that ends 2021.
Geology and deforestation.
The islands are of ironstone formation overlying quartzite and crystalline schists. Other islands are Bugaia, Lingira (pop. 1000), and Namiti. Rusinga and Mfangano are within Kenyan borders. The 1911 "Britannica" said: "Most of these islands are densely forested, and some of them attain considerable elevation. Their scenery is of striking beauty." Except at the highest elevations, Rusinga and Mfangano are today largely deforested.
Buvuma district is a unique place with dense tropical forests with a range of insects, birds, animals, iplant species, alongside sandy beaches at various Islands. The islands are naturally gifted with a number of tourism attraction sites, that promotes: Birding, Camping, Viewing wildlife, Nature walks, Site seeing, Rocks climbing, Boat riding, Forest hikes, Nature photography, Sport fishing, Sunsetting moments, Water games, among others, that you will see when you venture in Buvuma Islands.
Archaeological research.
Rusinga is rich in fossils, and Mary Leakey found the skull of Proconsul africanus on the island. The Miocene floras of Rusinga and Mfwanganu islands are subject to a long-term study by paleobotanists. There was an archaeological prospection carried out by the Tervuren Museum, Belgium, in 1968 (published 1971), on Buvuma and Bugaia islands at Munyama Cave, Tonge Cave, and Nakisito, plus another 47 sites. Pottery materials from 13,000 B.C. to 8,000 B.C. were found.


Harry West

Henry William West (27 March 1917 – 5 February 2004) was a politician in Northern Ireland who served as leader of the Ulster Unionist Party from 1974 until 1979.
Career to Stormont.
West was born in County Fermanagh and educated at Portora Royal School in Enniskillen. He worked as a farmer, taking an interest in local government, but it was not until 1954 that he entered Stormont as member for the Enniskillen seat, succeeding Thomas Nelson. In 1960 he was appointed Minister of Agriculture in the government of Lord Brookeborough, which he was to retain under the leadership of Terence O'Neill.
He became one of a number of Stormont MPs critical of O'Neill's conciliatory approach towards Nationalists and in 1969 he had the whip withdrawn, along with William Craig. In 1971 the whip was restored under the new Ulster Unionist leader and Prime Minister of Northern Ireland Brian Faulkner. West became Minister of Agriculture once more and retained that position until the Stormont government was dissolved in 1972.
Sunningdale.
West emerged as a fierce critic of the negotiations that would lead to the Sunningdale Agreement, and led the "anti-White Paper" Unionists in the Northern Ireland Assembly, 1973. When in January 1974 the Ulster Unionist Council voted against Faulkner's course of action the latter was forced into resignation. West succeeded him as leader of the party and sought to regain much of the support that the party had lost to breakaway and other Unionist groupings. In the February 1974 general election West negotiated the United Ulster Unionist Coalition with the Vanguard Progressive Unionist Party, led by Craig, and the Democratic Unionist Party, led by Ian Paisley, which would put up a single anti-Sunningdale Unionist candidate in all twelve constituencies on a platform of abolishing the power-sharing executive. West himself stood in Fermanagh and South Tyrone and won, albeit due to a split nationalist vote.
The UUUC campaigned fiercely for the abolition of the executive, which came about in May 1974 following a general strike. West continued to seek ways to expand unionism and recruited the ex-Conservative Member of Parliament Enoch Powell to the party. Powell stood for and won the South Down constituency in the October 1974 general election, but his opposition to the restoration of Stormont and preference for greater integration with the United Kingdom was to cause ruptures within the party. West himself lost his seat in Parliament due to a pact between Nationalists, so having the dubious distinction of being the only MP who served between the two general elections in 1974 who never served in any other Parliament, but he remained leader of the party. The UUUC lasted another few years and won the overwhelming majority of the seats in the 1975 Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention which sought to gain consensus on the future of the province. When the Vanguard Party fell apart over proposals for a voluntary coalition with the Social Democratic and Labour Party, West negotiated with Craig for the majority faction to merge into the Ulster Unionists.
The 1979 general election was relatively disappointing for the Ulster Unionists, as they won only five of the province's twelve constituencies. In June 1979 West stood as one of two candidates in the first elections to the European Parliament. However he was unsuccessful in the Single Transferable Vote constituency for the entire province and had the personal humiliations of seeing rival DUP leader Ian Paisley top the poll, fellow Ulster Unionist John Taylor win one of the seats and former Ulster Unionist member James Kilfedder performing better than West to become runner up. West resigned shortly afterwards.
April 1981 by-election in Fermanagh and South Tyrone.
He remained active in the Ulster Unionists for some years and was the party's unsuccessful candidate in the bitter April 1981 by-election in Fermanagh and South Tyrone caused by the death of the sitting MP Frank Maguire, West received 29,046 votes and was defeated by Bobby Sands standing on an Anti-H-Block/Armagh Political Prisoner ticket with 30,493 votes; Sands died twenty-six days after his election. West was considered to have fought a lacklustre campaign, and the UUP chose Ken Maginnis instead to fight the second by-election; although he did not win he was considered to have fought a more dynamic campaign. Afterwards West remained a member of the Ulster Unionist Council and was highly critical of his successor, James Molyneaux, for his opposition to proposals for power sharing devolution.
Family.
He was married to Maureen Hall and they had four sons and three daughters. He was a Presbyterian.
His nephew is James Cooper, who was chairman of the Ulster Unionist Party from 2003 to 2005 and unsuccessfully was the Party's candidate in Fermanagh and South Tyrone in 2001.


Chalouni, Aibheel and Chalsa Tea Estates

Chalouni Tea Estate, Aibheel Tea Estate and Chalsa Tea Estate are tea gardens, located near each other in the Matiali CD block in the Malbazar subdivision of the Jalpaiguri district in the Indian state of West Bengal. All the three tea estates are located in the north-western section of the Dooars.
Geography.
Location.
Chalouni Tea Estate is located at .
Chalouni Tea Estate lies at an altitude of 1,500 feet, at the foot of a lower sub-Himlayan range.“Chalouni is scenically resplendent. To its north lies the Kalimpong Sub-Division reserve forest. The hills rise above into a chain of mountain ranges adding to the beauty of the garden. There are a number of rain-fed streamlets flowing north-south, which lace its body meandering and dancing to produce a musical symphony to add to its sylvan beauty and charm.” Chalouni has a common boundary with five tea gardens namely Samsing, Matelli, Nagaisuree, Engo and Zurantee.
Aibheel Tea Estate is located at
Aibheel Tea Estate is located in the foothills of Kalimpong-Bhutan range.
Chalsa Tea Estate is located at
Chalsa Tea Estate is located on the picturesque Chalsa Hill. On the east, the Murti River separates the tea estate from the Upper Tondu Forest. On the west is Matelli. The tea estate has undulating topography intercepted by mountainous jhoras and streams.
Area overview.
Gorumara National Park has overtaken traditionally popular Jaldapara National Park in footfall and Malbazar has emerged as one of the most important towns in the Dooars. Malbazar subdivision is presented in the map alongside. It is a predominantly rural area with 88.62% of the population living in rural areas and 11.32% living in the urban areas. Tea gardens in the Dooars and Terai regions produce 226 million kg or over a quarter of India's total tea crop. Some tea gardens were identified in the 2011 census as census towns or villages. Such places are marked in the map as CT (census town) or R (rural/ urban centre). Specific tea estate pages are marked TE.
Etymology.
Chalouni Tea Estate was named after the chilloune tree that was quite common in the area.
Aibheel Tea Estate was earlier known as Sonapani as the natural spring waters appeared to be gold coloured.
The gardens.
Chalouni Tea Garden was established in 1885.
When the Briitish took over the Dooars from Bhutan, Aibheel Tea Estate was leased out around 1890 to Sir Benjamin Simpson, who was medical officer of Sir Ashlay Eden’s mission in Bhutan. His son, P.A.Simpson, managed the property from the earliest days to around 1920. The estate now is divided in to four divisions: Naya Kaman, Gunty Side, Sathkya and Dangee.
Duncan Brothers planted the Chalsa Tea Estate around 1910. It was subsequently taken over by Goodricke. It now has two divisions namely Gandrab and Main Division. The new factory commissioned in 1994 is amongst the best in the tea industry. The factory was HACCP certified in 2008 and upgraded in 2009.
Goodricke.
Established in 1977, Goodricke owns 18 tea estates in India, all inherited from sterling tea companies, who operated from the late 1800s. Goodricke has 12 gardens in the Dooars. With its rich agro climate the area produces CTC tea. Goodricke’s tea gardens in the Dooars are: Danguajhar, Leesh River, Meenglas, Hope, Aibheel, Chulsa, Chalouni, Jiti, Sankos, Gandrapara, Lakhipara and Kumargram.
Eight sterling tea companies viz., The Assam-Doors Tea Co. Ltd., Hope Tea Co. Ltd., The Lebong Chulsa Tea Co. Ltd., The British Darjeeling Tea Co. Ltd., The Chulsa Tea Co. Ltd., The Leesh River Tea Co. Ltd., The Danguajhar Tea Co. Ltd., and The Meenglas Tea Co. Ltd., were amalgamated with Goodricke in 1977.


List of windmills in Nord

A list of windmills in Nord, France.


Louis Gosselin

Louis Gosselin (1 October 1879 – 18 June 1954) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Saint-Alexandre-d'Iberville, Quebec and became a farmer and lawyer.
Gosselin attended College Sainte-Marie then McGill University, University College London and Collège de la Sorbonne in Paris. He was mayor of Notre-Dame-de-Stanbridge, Quebec at one time.
He was first elected to Parliament at the Brome—Missisquoi riding in the 1935 general election. After completing one term, the 18th Canadian Parliament, Gosselin left federal politics and did not seek another term in the 1940 election.


David Wordsworth

David John Wordsworth (born 9 June 1930) is a former Australian politician who was a Liberal Party member of the Western Australian Legislative Council from 1971 to 1993. He served as a minister in the government of Sir Charles Court.
Wordsworth was born in Kashmir, India, to Margaret Joan (née Reynolds) and Robert Wordsworth. His Australian-born father was a British Indian Army general, and settled in Tasmania after World War II, eventually being elected to the Australian Senate. Wordsworth was educated at Launceston Grammar School and Geelong Grammar School (the latter in Victoria), and went on to study agriculture at New Zealand's Lincoln College. He initially farmed at Hagley, Tasmania, but left for Western Australia in 1961, buying a property near Esperance. In 1958, he had married Marie Louise Johnston, a daughter of Bertie Johnston (a former senator). The couple had three children.
Wordsworth was elected to the Shire of Esperance council in 1969, and at the 1971 state election was elected to the Legislative Council's South Province. After the 1977 election, he was named Minister for Transport in the Court government. Following a ministerial reshuffle in August 1978, he was instead appointed Minister for Lands and Minister for Forests, titles which he would hold until Court resigned as premier in January 1982. The Legislative Council was reformed prior to the 1989 state election, and Wordsworth transferred to the new Agricultural region. He served only a single four-year term before leaving parliament. Wordsworth retired to Perth, and was a member of the senate of Murdoch University from 1994 to 1998.


Sintal Agriculture

About company.
Sintal Agriculture Plc (Bloomberg ticker: SNPS GR
) was one of Ukraine's agricultural holdings with a land bank of over 100,000 hectares in Kharkiv oblast and Kherson oblast. The land bank includes about 20,000 hectares of irrigated land, and Sintal cultivates more than 90,000 hectares of the land bank. The company specializes in growing wheat, maize, sunflower, barley, sugar beet, buckwheat, soybeans, peas, and other crops.
Sintal had been listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange on August, 2008
In 2014 the main company started bankruptcy.
Trading.
Contracted export sales was 15% of total harvest in 2009 including 23,000t of feed wheat, 15,000t of corn, 15,000t of sunseeds
and 7,000t of soy


DS Smith

DS Smith plc is a British multinational packaging business, headquartered in London, England. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.
History.
The business was founded by two cousins, David Gabriel Smith and David Solomon Smith in 1940, to manufacture cartons. It was first listed on the London Stock Exchange in the late 1950s.
In 1986 the company acquired "St Regis Paper Company" and in 1988 "Kemsley Paper Mill", both paper manufacturing businesses. In 1991 the business bought "Kaysersberg Packaging", a leading packaging business, and in 1993 it bought "Spicers", an office products wholesaler. In 1996 it acquired "John Dickinson", an envelope manufacturer, and in 2004 it completed the purchase of "Linpac Containers", a corrugated packaging manufacturer.
The company sold Spicers, its office products wholesaling business, for £200 million, in July 2011 and acquired the packaging division of Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget ('SCA') for a net consideration of approximately €1.6 billion (c. £1.3 billion) in July 2012. It went on to complete the acquisition of Duropack for approximately €300m (c. £220m) in May 2015 and became a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index in December 2017
Operations.
The company manufactures packaging – corrugated packaging, plastic packaging and recycled paper – with sites in 37 countries.


Hants County Exhibition

The Hants County Exhibition is an annual fall fair held in Windsor, Nova Scotia. It is known for being the oldest continuously run agricultural fair in North America. It was first held on the grounds of Fort Edward beginning in 1765 and has been running continuously since 1815.The fair has been held at the nearby Hants Exhibition Arena and exhibition grounds since the land was purchased in 1949. September 2015 marked the 250th anniversary of the Hants County Exhibition. Five years later, the fair went virtual.
The Windsor Agricultural Society.
Hants County Exhibition Park is owned and operated by the Windsor Agricultural Society. The main goal of the society is to continue to host the agricultural exhibition annually. The main income of the society is through revenue made during the exhibition events, as well as renting the facilities during other times of the year. When available, the Society applies for federal and provincial grant programs. The Society consists of over 70 volunteer committee members and directors with six seasonal employees.
The exhibition.
The Hants County Exhibition is held annually over two weekends in September. The fair hosts a wide range of activities to highlight agriculture. During the first weekend, local 4-H clubs of Hants County come together to showcase their projects they have worked on throughout the year and show off their animals they have raised and trained. These projects include Lifeskills such as cake decorating, crafts, foods, scrapbooking, photography, welding, small engines, great outdoorsmen and more. 4-H Livestock that are shown at the exhibition include dairy, beef, sheep, goat, light horse, mini horse, dog obedience, rabbit, poultry and waterfowl. Also during the first weekend, other livestock events are happening including draft horse classes, ox pulls, horse pulls, Maritime Barrel Racing and pole bending.
The second weekend of the exhibition is also full of livestock and agriculture events. This includes the Classic Heritage Beef Show, which is the largest beef cattle show in the Maritimes drawing in over 200 head of beef cattle. Also during the second weekend, there are hunter and jumper classes held in the main arena, as well as western performance horse classes. During both weekends, there are numerous horticulture, vegetable, craft and art exhibits displayed. There are many local vendors set up and live music and events to watched and enjoyed. A large midway set up on the grounds for kids to enjoy over both weekends including amusement rides and carnival rides.
For the remainder of the year, the exhibition grounds hosts many other events in their various buildings on the property including the main Exhibition Arena with 2,500 seats, 4 large barns, and other exhibit building. There is a pumpkin weigh-off featuring pumpkins grown with Atlantic Giant seeds. A hockey rink is on site home to the West Hants Warriors minor hockey. and is well used by the community. After the winter months, the ice is removed from the rink and replaced with sand to accommodate for equine events for Avon Pony Club and other equestrian society events. There is a large horse barn on site and a smaller riding arena for lessons and events.


Mount McMinn Station

Mount McMinn Station is a pastoral lease that operates as a cattle station in the Northern Territory.
Location.
The property is situated approximately east of Mataranka and about south east of Katherin at the eastern end of the Savannah Way along the Roper River in the Roper Gulf Region of the Northern Territory.
Description.
The property occupies an area of and has a carrying capacity of 6,000 to 8,000 head of cattle. Both the Roper River and Hodgson River. run through the property.
History.
The station was acquired by the Cahill family, who were also the founders of Cahill Transport, in 2005 when they bought it from the Mackay family for 3.55 million. In 2018 the Cahills placed the property on the market when it was stocked with over 3,000 head of Brahman cattle.


Nijinomatsubara

 is a 360-year-old pine forest in Karatsu, Saga. It has a width of 400 - 700 metres, a length of about 4 km, and a total area of 240 hectares. It was also referred as , however this name is uncommon today.
The forest was originally planted by the feudal lord Terazawa Hirotaka as a counter-measure against the strong winds and tides in Karatsu Bay. Today it is a popular tourist spot, and on a list of the 100 most beautiful places in Japan.
This forest is easily accessible from both Karatsu City and Fukuoka City, by the Chikuhi Line. There are several hotels and places to park nearby.


Ricotta di fuscella

"Ricotta di fuscella" is a fresh cow's-milk cheese made in the Campania region of Italy and is recognized as a PAT (Prodotto agroalimentare tradizionale) product.
Etymology.
The name derives from the Neapolitan "fiscella", which indicates the perforated basket in the shape of a truncated cone in which the cheese is transported and sold. The "fiscella" is traditionally made with braided reeds or wicker. The term "fuscella" indicates another cheesemaking tool commonly used in the production of ricotta which is made with food-grade plastic. It has a truncated cone shape and is perforated with small lines.
Characteristics.
Ricotta di fuscella has a truncated pyramidal shape, with each cheese weighing under 4.4 lbs (2 kg). It has a porcelain white color, is crustless, and has a soft consistency with a delicate, sweet flavor.
Production process.
The milk, which can be either raw or pasteurized, is filtered and refrigerated. It then is salted and brought to 183.2-185° F (84-85° C) and acidified. After around 30 minutes, while maintaining the temperature in the aforementioned range, the coagulated mass is separated and placed in perforated baskets ("fuscelle") and preserved in ice for ten days. Organic acids and chemical pH correctors are not used. In the final step, the ricotta is covered in a protective wrapper and is preserved and sold without preserving liquid.
Production zones.
The production of this cheese occurs throughout the entire province of Naples, and it is consolidated in the municipality of Sant'Anastasia, historically known for its thriving goat raising operations, whose milk guarantees production in the entire region.
Uses.
Ricotta di fuscella is eaten alone or used in the preparation of many traditional dishes of Campania, from stuffed pastas to desserts such as pastiera.


Vietnamese Pot-bellied

Vietnamese Pot-bellied is the exonym for the Lon I () or I pig, an endangered traditional Vietnamese breed of small domestic pig.
The I is uniformly black and has short legs and a low-hanging belly, from which the name derives. The I is reared for meat. It is slow-growing, but the meat has good flavour. The I was depicted in the traditional Đông Hồ paintings of Bắc Ninh province as a symbol of happiness, satiety and wealth.
History.
The I is a traditional Vietnamese breed. It is thought to have originated in Nam Định province of Vietnam, in the Red River Delta. It was the dominant local pig breed in most provinces of the delta, and was widely distributed in Nam Định province and the neighbouring provinces of Hà Nam, Ninh Bình and Thái Bình, as well as in the province of Thanh Hóa immediately to the south, in the North Central Coast region.
Until the 1970s the I was probably the most numerous pig breed in northern Vietnam, with numbers running into millions. From that time, the more productive Móng Cái began to supplant it. The National Institute of Animal Husbandry of Vietnam started a conservation programme, with subsidies for farmers who reared purebred stock, but this had little benefit – there was some increase in numbers, but at the cost of increased inbreeding. In 1991, the total population of the I was estimated at , and by 2010 the estimated number was 120. In 2003 the National Institute of Animal Husbandry listed its conservation status as "critical"; in 2007 the FAO listed it as "endangered".
Small numbers of I pigs were exported in the 1960s to Canada and Sweden, to be kept in zoos or to be used for laboratory experiments. Within a decade, the I had spread to animal parks in other countries in Europe; a few were reared on smallholdings. The I entered the United States from Canada in the mid-1980s, and by the end of the decade the "pot-bellied pig" was being marketed as a pet. Not all of these were purebred, and some grew to considerable size; the fad was short-lived.
In 2013 it was declared an invasive species in Spain.
Characteristics.
The I is a small pig, with an average weight of approximately , and an average height of about It is uniformly black, with heavily wrinkled skin. It has a pronounced sway back and a large sagging belly, which in pregnant sows may drag on the ground. The head is small, with an up-turned snout, small ears and eyes, and heavy sagging jowls.
The I is robust and has good resistance to disease and to parasites. It is usually raised extensively, and forages well on the rice straw and water plants of its native area. It is particularly well adapted to the marshy and muddy terrain on which it usually lives: it has plantigrade feet, with weight borne on all four toes of each foot.
Two principal types are recognised within the breed: the I-mo or Fatty I is the typical small short-legged pig, with small upward-pointing ears and a short snout; the I-pha or Large I is taller, has longer legs and a longer snout, with bigger ears held horizontally.


Jomfruens Egede

Jomfruens Egede is a manor house located three kilometres north-west of Faxe, a small town some 40 km south of Copenhagen, Denmark. It owes its current appearance to Sophie Amalie Moth who in the late 18th century altered it with the assistance of Caspar Frederik Harsdorff and Joseph Christian Lillie. The National Museum of Denmark has described it as possibly the finest example from the period.
History.
Early history.
Jomfruens Egede traces its history back to 1346 when it was owned by Uffe Pedersen Neb, a loyal supporter of King Valdemar IV, and known as Egedegaard. Etymologically, Egede- derives from an old form 'large oak forest' while -gaard means 'farm' or 'manor'. Its name, which means 'Egede of the Lady' refers to two unmarried noble women, Ermegaard and Birgitte Bille, who in 1542 inherited the estate from their father.
Sophie Amalie Moth and the new house.
In 1674 the estate was acquired by King Christian V's mistress, Sophie Amalie Moth, who received official recognition and was appointed Countess of Samsø on 31 December 1677. After Christian V's death in 1699 she retired to the estate where she led a quiet life until her own death in 1719. The property was then owned by their son, Ulrik Christian Gyldenløve, Count of Samsø.
After different owners Jomfruens Egede came to Niels Schack-Rathlou, whose son Christian Schack-Rathlou in the 1790s carried out an expansion and adapted the design of the house with the assistance of the architects Caspar Frederik Harsdorff and Joseph Christian Lillie.
In 1740, Jomfruens Egede was bought by Claus Benedix Beenfeldt who already owned nearby Lystrup Castle. Since that time the two estates have been under the same ownership.
Moltke era.
In 1931 the estate was bought by Count Adam Wilhelm Moltke who had inherited Bregentved from his father in 1818 and would later become the first Danish Prime Minister after the adoption of the Constitution of Denmark in 1849. Moltke increased his holdings through several other acquisitions, acting as curator of Vallø and Vemmetofte and managing Knuthenborg for Count Frederik Marcus Knuth, the underage nephew of his wife. As a result, he administrated one of the largest complexes of land in the country at the time.
When Christian Moltke inherited Lystrup and Jomfruens Egede from his father, he disrupted his diplomatic career which had brought him to both London and Vienna to concentrate on the management of his estates. Jomfruens Egede has remained in the possession of the Moltke family to this day.
Architecture.
Designed in the Neoclassical style, Jomfruens Egede consists of two parallel wings which to the south border on the churchyard of Østre Egede Church.
The house is particularly noted for its interiors which the National Museum of Denmark has described as "possibly the finest example of Danish interior design and furnishings of the late 18th century".


Yabassi

Yabassi is a town and commune in western Cameroon, and capital of the Nkam department. Its population in 2001 was estimated at 12,000. The main dialect spoken is the Yabassi. However, there are also other dialects originating in the Nkam which are spoken.
History.
At the time of the German protectorate in Cameroon, Yabassi was a commercial hub and strategic town. The Battle of Jabassi took place near here during the Kamerun Campaign of World War I. The city was once cut in two but not anymore thanks to the bridge that connects the Nkam administrative center in the old neighborhood called Ndokbele.
Economy.
The communal economy relies mainly on rural agriculture. The sector employs over 90% of the population. The main agricultural products are food crops (cocoyam, cassava, potato, yam, plantain, etc.). In recent years, there has also been a proliferation of oil palm cultivation. This is made possible thanks to the fertile land in the area. Small business, particularly in the main town is the second most important trade. Due to its dense forest, Yabassi is being exploited by loggers, mostly Asian companies.
The city is handicapped by the lack of paved roads, making it difficult to travel the 100 km separating the city from the economic capital of Cameroon, Douala.


Puli dog

The Puli is a small-medium breed of Hungarian herding and livestock guarding dog known for its long, corded coat. The tight curls of the coat appear similar to dreadlocks. A similar-looking, but much larger breed – also Hungarian – is the Komondor.
The term used for a group of Puli is "Pulik".
Description.
Appearance.
The Puli is a solid-colored dog that is usually black. Other less common coat colors are white, gray, or cream (off-white or "fakó" in Hungarian). A variety of the cream-coated dogs have black masks. The white Pulis are not albino, nor do they have blue eyes. They commonly have dark pigment, black pads, black noses and black pigment inside the mouth. The white gene is recessive to the pure black gene. The breed standard for females is about 16.5 inches (42 cm) at the withers and 17 inches for males. Females weigh 23-25 pounds and males slightly more. The coat of some Puli dogs can be different with either thinner or thicker cords which can be flat or round depending on the texture of the coat and the balance of undercoat to outer coat.
The coat is the result of a controlled matting process. Thin, rope-like corded coats are desired and the grooming should control the coat towards the forming of thinner ropes. The Puli's coat needs considerable grooming to keep its cords clean, neat, and attractive. With age, the coat can become quite long, even reaching the ground. Alternatively, the coat can be trimmed short regularly for easy maintenance although the corded coat is what attracts many people to the breed. Contrary to some beliefs, the coat of a healthy puli will grow out again after trimming. This breed has little to no shedding.
Temperament.
The Puli is an intelligent and active dog. It needs obedience training while still young. If a Puli gets enough exercise, it can live in the city,
but they do best when not kept indoor pets in small living spaces. Pulis kept indoors need a lot of exercise to use up their energy, or they can become either shy or overactive. They need to get the kind of exercise they were created for. Pulis are best kept in a house with a garden. Cozy and very friendly especially towards children, they are sensitive and prone to resentment.
Activities.
Pulis are intelligent, agile dogs. Despite their bulky appearance and very thick coat, they are very fast, agile, and able to change directions instantly and are obedient enough to train for athletic competition. They are devoted and form close bonds with their owners.
The breed is intelligent and can do well in obedience training if begun early. Traditionally, the Puli dog breed was used as a herding dog and sometimes even as a livestock guarding dog, as well. They make very good guard dogs, since they are very protective of their masters and territory. The Puli is sensitive, fun-loving, courageous, but also, at times, tough and headstrong.
They are loyal to their owners and wary of strangers. They are highly active and keep a playful, puppy-like behavior their entire lives. They need a lot of exercise and free space, preferably outdoors. They can be trained and housebroken, but Pulis are generally not very well suited as city or indoor pets. When restricted to closed spaces for long periods of times, they grow restless and may develop unwanted personality traits, such as becoming hyperactive or, instead, increasingly aloof and lazy.
As a working dog, the Puli is very obedient, focused and determined when assigned a task. Some of them are used as police dogs. As a livestock guarding dog, they are fiercely protective of their territory and flock, and, despite their relatively small size, will fearlessly try to scare and drive any intruder away; however, they very rarely inflict any real injuries.
As a family dog, they make good security dogs and faithful family guardians. They can be very friendly and playful, even in old age. They regard their family as their flock, and will keep their distance until they are sure a stranger is not a threat. When annoyed, they may attack without warning, so a considerable distance may be advisable for strangers. They can be extremely independent and obstinate, and only accept strong-willed individuals as master.
Pulis can compete in dog agility trials, obedience, Rally obedience, showmanship, flyball, tracking, and herding events. Herding instincts and trainability can be measured at noncompetitive herding tests. Pulis exhibiting basic herding instincts can be trained to compete in herding trials.
Training.
Pulis are valued for their energy and determination which is a result of their sheepdog history. Every Puli is a natural shepherd and instinctively knows how to herd a flock of sheep or livestock even if they have been raised as a family dog and have never been trained to do it. It is advisable to start training the Puli early in age, especially in obedience. They are very independent, strong-willed, and difficult to train in adulthood.
History.
The Magyars probably brought the Puli to Hungary in the 9th Century when they invaded westwards from Siberia, and it has been a sheepdog on the Hungarian plain since then. It is the ancestor of the Poodle. The breed was first studied by Dr Emil Raitsitz from Hungary's veterinary college in the 1920s.
The Puli would commonly work together with the much larger, white Komondor, a Hungarian breed of (solely) livestock guardian dog. The Komondor is a large, solidly built dog, around 30 inches tall. The Komondor (or several Komondorok if there was a large amount of livestock) guarded the sheep or cattle mostly at night, while the Puli herded and guarded them during the day.
When wolves or bears attacked the livestock, the Puli would alert the pack and the Komondorok would come and fight the intruders. Pulis can be good at fighting off wolves, because the thick coat protects their skin from being bitten. The Komondorok usually rested during daytime but at night walked around the flock, constantly moving, patrolling the area.
Nomadic shepherds of the Hungarian plains valued their herding dogs, paying as much as a year's salary for a Puli.
Although the coats may look slightly similar, the Puli has never worked in water and the Puli's coat does not grow continuously in the same fashion as a corded Poodle's coat once the cords are formed.
Possibly the Puli's ancestors are ancient Hungarian shepherd dogs. Travelers brought the Puli with them to the Carpathian basin, to help organize the flocks and herd the stallions of the area. Large Komondor or Kuvasz were used for guarding the flock. The Puli was also a suitable guard for flock protection but was primarily used for herding the animals. Around the beginning of the 20th century, a real turning point for the breed came when it was rediscovered but no longer used much as a sheepdog; extensive shepherding was replaced by intensive farming. The Puli's role was reduced in the life of the flock. Although their traditional duty was kept, they started to fulfill jobs that were convenient in the circumstances of their owner: they became house dogs. After World War II, the breed became a less popular pet; even now, the breed has not been able to regain the popularity it previously enjoyed.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture imported four purebred Pulik in 1935 to Beltsville, Maryland as part of an experiment when trying to help American agriculturists concerned with the problem of herding dogs which sometimes killed the animals to which they had been entrusted to control. The Pulik were bred among themselves and crossed with the German Shepherd, the Chow Chow and perhaps with two Turkish sheepdogs which were quartered there at the time. On the tests given by researchers there, Pulik scored, on the average, between 75 and 85, where other herding breeds, scored in the range of 12 to 14. Because tests were inconclusive, they were never published. When WWII broke out, the Pulik were auctioned off to professional breeders, and, it is thought that, it is from these four dogs and their progeny that history of the Puli in the United States began.
Notable Pulik.
In 1978, a Puli called Cinko Duda Csebi won the world exposition organized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale. The Mexican-born dog was owned by breeder Roberto Hernández Ávalos.
The dog known as "The Auditor" is assumed to be a Puli. It lived in the contaminated Berkeley Pit copper mine in Butte, Montana. Notable for being one of the few things that could live and thrive in such a place, in time it became a sort of mascot for the town. After The Auditor died, several memorials were erected celebrating its existence.
British grunge-rock band Bush, featured a picture of a leaping Puli in the booklet to their album "Sixteen Stone". This particular Puli belonged to frontman Gavin Rossdale and was named Winston.
Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg has a white Puli named Beast.
In the 1960s, writer Harlan Ellison adopted a Puli named Ahbhu and wrote about him in the 1975 Hugo-winning novelette "The Deathbird" (part of the 1975 collection "Deathbird Stories"). In addition, Ahbhu appeared in the 1969 short story "A Boy And His Dog" as a predecessor to the main character's telepathic dog Blood.
American novelist T.C. Boyle used to own several Pulik and still has one. One of them, named "Kutya" (Hungarian for "dog"), is commemorated in his novel "The Harder They Come".


Joel Salatin

Joel F. Salatin (born February 24, 1957) is an American farmer, lecturer, and author.
Salatin raises livestock on his Polyface Farm in Swoope, Virginia, in the Shenandoah Valley. Meat from the farm is sold by direct marketing to consumers and restaurants.
Early life and education.
Salatin's father worked for a major petroleum company, using his earnings to purchase an 1,000-acre farm in Venezuela. The family left Venezuela in 1959 after the country experienced a military coup and President Rómulo Betancourt was elected in 1958 who created a program to redistribute land.
Influenced by their Biblical understanding of earth stewardship and J. I. Rodale, Salatin's parents, William and Lucille, relocated and purchased a farm in the Shenandoah Valley in 1961 and began restoring its land. In high school, Salatin began his own business selling rabbits, eggs, butter and chicken from the farm at the Staunton Curb Market. He then attended Bob Jones University where he majored in English and was a student leader, graduating in 1979.
Salatin married his childhood sweetheart, Teresa, in 1980 and became a feature writer at the Staunton, Virginia newspaper, "The News Leader", where he had worked earlier typing obituaries and police reports.
Career.
Farming.
Polyface farm is a farm in Swoope, Virginia. The farmhouse was built in 1750 and added on throughout the years and was purchased by the Salatins in 1961. Tiring of writing for the newspaper, Salatin decided to try farming full-time. Each year, Salatin revised his organic farming techniques, which are simple with low overhead and equipment costs, and the farm began to turn a profit. Today the farm grosses $350,000 and is deemed a commercial farm by the United States Department of Agriculture.
Salatin's philosophy of farming emphasizes healthy grass on which animals can thrive in a symbiotic cycle of feeding. Cows are moved from one pasture to another rather than being centrally corn fed. Then chickens in portable coops are moved in behind them, where they dig through the cow dung to eat protein-rich fly larvae while further fertilizing the field with their droppings.
Salatin condemns the negative impact of the United States government on his livelihood because of what he considers an increasingly regulatory approach taken toward farming. He is a self-described "Christian libertarian environmentalist capitalist lunatic farmer" produces meat he describes as "beyond organic", which are raised using what the farm describes as environmentally responsible, ecologically beneficial, sustainable agriculture. Jo Robinson, an author, said of Salatin, "He's not going back to the old model. There's nothing in county extension or old-fashioned ag science that really informs him. He is just looking totally afresh at how to maximize production in an integrated system on a holistic farm. He's just totally innovative."
Commenting on a "New York Times" op-ed contribution about sustainable farming and bovine methane production, Salatin wrote "wetlands emit some 95 percent of all methane in the world; herbivores are insignificant enough to not even merit consideration. Anyone who really wants to stop methane needs to start draining wetlands." Wetland methane emissions make up 20 to 39% of global methane emissions, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. He also said that most livestock producers use "Neanderthal management" that exaggerates the amount of land required, and that modern technology allows for far more sustainable land usage.
Writing.
Salatin has been editor of the monthly agriculture magazine "Stockman Grass Farmer" promoting pasture-grazed lifestock, and teaches a two-day course on agribusiness marketing in conjunction with this magazine. He has authored twelve books including "Folks, This Ain't Normal"; "You Can Farm"; and "Salad Bar Beef".
Speaking.
He has spoken as a farming educator at a wide range of organizations including the University of California at Berkeley, and the Stone Barns Center for Food and Agriculture. In 2020, he spoke at the Libertarian National Convention about limiting regulation.
Controversies.
In March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Salatin declared he wanted coronavirus on his personal website Musings from the Lunatic Farmer. Known for being outspoken, Salatin was widely condemned for his comments by the public and peers.
In November 2019 Salatin wrote a blog post responding to a blog post by Chris Newman, another Virginia farmer, in which Chris critiques the small family farm model and describes an alternative, vertically integrated system rooted in collective ownership. Salatin said in his article that Newman, who is Black and Indigenous, was too early in his farming career to know whether he would be successful in the long-term, and that Newman would only "push would-be team players away" by complaining. In August 2020, Agdaily described Salatin's blog post as racially inappropriate, and criticized that he had described Native Americans as "hostile" to William Cody. After Salatin's remarks, "Mother Earth News" asked Newman to write for the publication for diversity after the wake of the murder of George Floyd. Newman declined the invitation raising concerns about Salatin's article. After public criticism of the publication's support for Salatin, "Mother Earth News" ultimately severed its relationship with Salatin.
Media.
Salatin's farm, Polyface, is featured prominently in Michael Pollan's book "The Omnivore's Dilemma" (2006) and the documentary films, "Food, Inc." and "Fresh". Pollan became interested in Salatin because of his refusal to send food to locations not within a four-hour drive of his farm, i.e. outside his local "foodshed." "We want [prospective customers] to find farms in their areas and keep the money in their own community," said Salatin. "We think there is strength in decentralization and spreading out rather than in being concentrated and centralized."
Salatin and his farm have also been featured in radio, television and print media including "Smithsonian Magazine", "National Geographic", "Gourmet", and ABC News.
Awards.
Salatin has received the 15th Annual Heinz Awards with special focus on the environment


Ruediger Heining

Ruediger Heining (* 1968 in Bielefeld, Germany) is a German graduate economist and agricultural scientist. He is considered an expert on vocational education and development in South-West Europe and the Caucasus and since 2017 has been managing director of the DEULA Baden-Wuerttemberg in Kirchheim unter Teck and vice-president of the Bundesverbandes DEULA. (German Training Centre for Agricultural Engineering).
Life and work.
From 1993 Heining studied management, agricultural economics, agricultural politics, operational management and marketing at the University of Hohenheim and obtained his diploma in 1998. Thereafter he studied for a master's degree in international agricultural economics under Franz Heidhues and Juergen Zeddies in Hohenheim. He also studied in the areas of E-learning systems, and an introduction into synchronous and asychronous E-learning software at the University of Hagen, each time obtaining a graduation certificate.
From 1998 bis 2004 Heining worked as a scientific assistant, firstly at the East European Centre of Hohenheim University, then from 2001 as area head for Eastern Europe at the university's own project enterprise, IBH GmbH, where he was project manager for EU-PHARE, EU-TACIS, EU research projects and EU Twinning Projects, together with responsibility for the implementation of the Leonardo-da-Vinci project (Germany, Slovakia, Romania). Since 2010 he has also been active as an expert for the World Bank (Washington) where he is involved in a project „Quality Management and Customer Orientation in Agricultural Administration“.
Following a number of foreign postings in connection with EU Twinning Projects, he was active at the UNDP in Georgia where worked as a diplomat and Project Manager in setting up a vocational training system. In March 2017 Ruediger Heining took over the management of DEULA Baden-Wuerttemberg and in 2018 became the Vice-President of the federal association DEULA e.V. He is also a member of the supervisory body of the German-Romanian Centre for Specialist Training and Continuing Education in Voiteg (Romania).