Walter Dirks

Walter Dirks (8 January 1901 in Hörde, North Rhine-Westphalia – 30 May 1991 in Wittnau, Baden-Württemberg), was a German political commentator, theologian, and journalist.
Life and career.
From 1923 he wrote for the literary section of the Frankfurt journal "Rhein-Mainische Volkszeitung", described as 'left Catholic'. He also served as secretary to Romano Guardini (1885-1968), an Italian-born German priest and influential theologian of the twentieth century. In 1933 the journal was shut down by the new Nazi regime. Dirks was arrested, but released after the paper was confiscated.
Opposed to National Socialism, Dirks spoke in public forums to stop the Nazi rise. He favored an alliance between the Catholic Center Party (Deutsche Zentrumspartei) and the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). Writing in the August 1931 issue of the journal "Die Arbeit", he "described the Catholic reaction to Nazism as 'open warfare'."
His dissertation was to remain unfinished, due in part to its likely rejection with the Nazis in power. In it Dirks discussed the 1923 book "History and Class Consciousness" by Georg Lukacs. To avoid its seizure by the Gestapo during house searches, the manuscript was said to have been burned.
From 1934 he worked at the Frankfurter Zeitung, first as a music critic, then from 1938 as editor of its literary section. The government closed the newspaper in 1943, and Dirks was forbidden (Schreiberverbot) to publish any of his writing. He began work at the Catholic publisher Verlag Herder. Dirks is the author of several dozen books.
He was active in the post-war reconstruction of the city of Frankfurt. Dirks also participated in forming a new political party, the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), joining Protestants and Catholics. In a 1946 article, Eugen Kogon, Clemens Münster, and Walter Dirks advanced the vision of a Christian socialist future for a democratic Germany. The CDU, however, took another direction. From 1946 Dirks was co-editor of "Die Frankfurter Hefte".
At Sudwestfunk, a public radio corporation, from 1949 Dirks was a political commentator on domestic issues. During 1953-1956 he worked with Theodor Adorno at the Institut fur Sozialforschung (IfS), then home of the Frankfurt School of social criticism. From 1956 to 1967 he was manager in Cologne of public television Westdeutscher Rundfunk. He co-founded in 1966 the "Bensberger Kreis", a circle of Catholic intellectuals.
Dirks, an advocate for socialism, was an opponent of nuclear weapons and rearmament. With other writers such as Eugen Kogon in "Die Frankfurter Hefte", he articulated these positions. From the 1960s until the end of his life, Dirks' political orientation and point of view was in the minority among German Catholics. Gustav Heinemann the President referred to him as a moral conscience of the community.
In 1941 he married Marianne Ostertag (1913-1991), who later served on the Central Committee of German Catholics (ZdK).
Marxism and Christianity.
A 1947 journal piece by Dirks, "Marxismus in christlicher Sicht", acquired great influence. On the subject of Communism, it was the "decisive essay for the whole post-war German Christian thinking". Addressed were positive similarities between the prophetic passages of the young Marx and the Christian gospel of love and community. Marx was first to identify with the realities of proletarian life, which Dirks saw as an act of love. Dirks wrote of this "radical thinking out of the existence of the helpless and exploited" and of Marx's "essentially Christian act... of solidarity with the other, with the neighbor, a sacrifice".
In terms moral and spiritual Marx had described the "human relations in producing" and "the real world of power conflicts and selfish drives, without idealizing it." Marx thus widened the scope of the social justice project. As did then the Lutheran theologian Paul Tillich, Dirks saw beyond his inheritance of bourgeois idealism, looking forward. Yet, unlike Tillich who countered Communism with a 'religious socialism', Dirks understood Communism as another faith. Accordingly, he faulted Marx for an Hegelian pantheism and for confusing spirit and ideology. Despite the prophetic quality of the early Marx, Dirks did not assume that he was "the appointed bearer of an historic promise". Rather, the moral claim on the Christian was to acknowledge, to listen to, and to minister to the working class. The project was to assist the exploited "until he can solve problems better and think better than the Communist". Dirks called on Christian churches for a responsive commitment, and renewed vigor.
"The Monk and the World".
Dirks here describes himself as a lay Catholic Christian, mentioning other like authors: Chesterton, Belloc, Bloy, Hello, and the novelist Bernanos (p.2). He introduces his book as one intending to show what benefit comes to the secular world from the monks. The point of view taken is journalistic. He tells it "from a personal way of thinking that seeks" a pathway through secular realities to "develop a consciousness" of the unity, so that one may share in "the true entirety of the history of God" (p.31).
How do we laity benefit from the witness of monks? They live their lives in common, under vows of poverty, obedience and chastity. To answer the question we must comprehend how this life style "deviates so astonishingly from the norm of human existence" (p.33). In the main, Dirks offers brief narratives of the major founders of monastic institutions: St. Benedict, St. Francis, St. Dominic, and St. Ignatius. Each began in part as an answer to a historical challenge (pp. 71-73).
About St. Francis (pp. 152-181), Dirks historically situates the start of the Franciscan order when medieval societies began to transform into urban business cultures (pp. 164-167). Buying and selling became a focus in the evolving role of the merchant. Hence the laity faced novel situations. St. Francis is quoted expressing the connection between violence and property:
"Sir, if we had property, we would need weapons for our protection. For from property, litigation and quarrels arise, and through these the love of God and one's neighbor is greatly diminished. And so in this world we desire no property whatever" (p.162).
As Dirks sees it, the mission of St. Francis was to the wealthy. His was not a movement of the poor against the rich, although he recognized the contradiction between the hierarchy's wealth and the admonitions of Jesus. The perplexing thing (then and now) was that St. Francis preached poverty, "Lady Poverty", to the rich. To be sure, he urged the rich to give alms, yet the "threat to the rich man from his wealth caused him much greater anxiety" (p.163). St. Francis saw that "the nature of wealth had changed. ... that riches were striking root in men's hearts in a different way. ...it had become more intimately precious" (p.165). The merchant was put "in the slow process of learning how to separate workaday atheistic behavior from devout observance" and "under these conditions he was imperiled" (p.166).


Elisha Beadles

Elisha Beadles (1670–1734) was a member of the Quaker movement and a translator.
Early life.
Beadles was born in 1670. His parents were Elizabeth (née Jenkins) and John Beadles. His mother was the daughter of Quaker Walter Jenkins who had inherited the Pant estate in Llanvihangel-Ystern-Llewern, Monmouthshire and was jailed in Cardiff in 1660 or 1661 for refusing to swear and had died and was buried in 1662. Beadle's mother, Jenkin's only child, inherited Pant. Beadle's father was a Quaker from Kempston, Bedfordshire, England.
Career.
He moved to Pontymoile, where he worked as a mercer and apothecary. Beadles was described as "extremely prosperous", having £691 in inventory, when most apothecaries had inventories valued up to £10.
He became involved in the establishment of Quakerism in the area at the turn of the century and attended the first recorded monthly meeting in the area in 1703. He wrote and translated works about the Quaker movement, including documenting for the Meeting for Sufferings in London the manner in which the movement was developing in South Wales in 1720. He created the 1715 translation "Y Gyfraith a roddwyd allan o Zion, a Gorchmynion Arglwydd y Bywyd (yr hwn ydyw yr Arglwydd or Nef) gwedi i hysbysu i dynion" of his Grandfather Jenkins' English devotional book, "The law given forth out of Zion".
Personal life.
In 1699, he married Anne Handley. Thought to be connected with other emigrating Welsh Quakers, several of Beadles' children sailed to America in the 1720s and 1730s. Handley was in Philadelphia and died during a voyage to the British Isles, drowning off the Irish coast in December 1728. Richard died in Jamaica in June 1729. Their brother, Elisha, settled in New York and worked as a baker to the government of New York.
Beadles died at about the age of 64 in 1734.


Jason Whitehorn

Jason Whitehorn (born January 19, 1976) is an American contemporary worship music singer and songwriter. He has been writing, performing and releasing both country and worship music for over a decade since his career began in early 2000. He originally lived just outside Savannah, Tennessee where he and Darryl Worley attended high school. He has performed or worked with Darryl Worley, Thrasher Shiver, Bryan White, David Allan Coe, Matt Maher, Casting Crowns, Matt Redman and has collaborated with others.
Whitehorn is currently a writer for Worship Leader Magazine, Compassion International touring artist, and a national worship conference speaker.
Career.
Whitehorn began his professional career while managing and playing lead guitar for Shane Avery. Shortly after September 11th, he and Avery co-wrote "Song of America" and released the song to radio stations and select retailers in order to raise money for the families of fallen fire and police officers of New York City. Soon after Jason departed from the relationship managing Avery, he began a solo career of his own. He wrote "Knock, Knock" and "Prisoner of My Mind".
Music.
In his earlier years Whitehorn's music was rooted deeply in country, but in mid-2008 he began developing as a contemporary Christian artist and departing from some of the more traditional "pop-style" country that his fans had been more accustomed to. Now, Jason is concentrating more on honing his skills as a songwriter instead of being merely an entertainer. Jason writes and releases songs for the church community that garner moderate crossover into the commercial radio world with releases of songs like "Never Alone."
Discography.
Studio albums
Other.
Whitehorn appeared on the television show "Impact!" as the character "Jason Gentry" on SpikeTV between 2009 and 2013.
Personal.
Jason lives just outside of Indianapolis, Indiana with his wife and two children.


Angelo Massarelli

Angelo Massarelli (1510–1566) was the Roman Catholic bishop of Bishop of Telese o Cerreto Sannita (1557–1566). He is best known for keeping the Acts of the Council of Trent, which were the minutes of the council, and published only 300 years after the council was held.


Ali Asghar Rahimi Azad

Grand Ayatollah Ali Asghar Rahimi Azad (Persian: علی اصغر رحیمی آزاد) (born 1939) is an Iranian Twelver Shi'a Marja.
He published a personal Resalah. His office is currently in Qom.


Paul Drews

Paul Gottfried Drews (8 May 1858, Eibenstock, Kingdom of Saxony – 1 August 1912, Halle) was a German Lutheran theologian.
He studied theology at the Thomasschule zu Leipzig and at the University of Göttingen, then served as a pastor in Burkau (from 1883) and Dresden (from 1889). In 1894 he became an associate professor of practical theology at the University of Jena, followed by full professorships at Giessen (from 1901) and Halle (from 1908).


Akinpelu Johnson

Babatunde Colenso Akinpelu Johnson (born 1965) is an Anglican bishop in Nigeria: he has been Bishop of Lagos Mainland since 2017.
Johnson was educated at Immanuel College of Theology, Ibadan, King's College London and the University of Kent. He was ordained in 1990 and served his title at All Saint's, Yaba, after which he was Vicar of St. John, Aroloya. He became Archdeacon of Apapa and then Provost of the diocese.


Peter Berry (priest)

The Very Rev Peter Austin Berry (27 April 1935 – 26 May 2018) was an Anglican clergyman who served as the Provost of Birmingham Cathedral. He was educated at Solihull School and Keble College, Oxford. Ordained in 1963 he began his career as Chaplain to the Bishop of Coventry and was then successively Midlands Regional Officer to the Community Relations Communion and a Canon Residentiary at Coventry Cathedral before his 13-year stint at Birmingham Cathedral.


Martin Behm

Martin Behm (1557–1622) was a German hymnwriter.
Born in Lauban (now Lubań in Poland), Behm was deacon and later chief pastor of the town's Holy Trinity Church. He wrote approximately 480 hymns, including "Herr Jesu Christ, meins Lebens Licht" (used by J.S. Bach in his cantata "Ach Gott, wie manches Herzeleid", BWV 58) and "O Jesu Christ, mein's Lebens Licht" (used by Bach for his motet of the same name). This hymn was translated as "Lord Jesus Christ, My Life, My Light," and both are sung to the same tune, "O Jesu Christ, mein's." Carl Schalk wrote that Behm was among the poets at the end of the early Lutheran hymnody period who "produced in a truly popular vein an appreciable number of excellent hymns characterized by objectivity and childlike naivete".


Marcelina Darowska

Marcelina Darowska (January 16, 1827 – January 5, 1911), was a Polish nun who was beatified by the then Pope John Paul II at Saint Peter's Square in Rome in the year 1996. She was inspired by the Virgin Mary to co-found the Congregation of the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, an active religious order in Poland, Belarus and Ukraine.
Childhood and marriage.
Marcelina (or Marcellina) Kotowicz was born in Szulaki, a part of Poland that was controlled by the Russians at the time. Her parents, Jan and Maksymilia Kotowicz, were wealthy landowners. She attended a school in Odessa for three years, before working on her father's farm.
Some sources state that she was deeply religious, even from a young age. Before his death, her father made her promise that she would marry and start a family. And on 2 October 1849 she married Karol Darowski, a land owner from Podolia. He died of typhus three years later, leaving her with two children — Jozef and Karolina. A year after that, her son died. This series of tragedies influenced her religious thoughts; she claimed that she no longer belonged to any earthly being (in Italian: "creature" - "di non appartenere più ad alcuna creatura") but rather to only God.
For health reasons she travelled to Berlin, then to Paris, and finally to Rome, arriving in the Italian town on 11 April 1853.
Life as a nun.
In Rome she met Father Hieronim Kajsiewicz, a Resurrectionist priest, who became her spiritual director. On 12 May 1854 she made her vows of chastity and obedience before him. Kajsiewicz introduced her to a nun, Józefa Karska, who became a close friend. Whilst in Poland, the two women decided to found a religious community dedicated to the education and support of women. This new organization, the Congregation of the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, was established in Rome in 1857.
When Karska died from typhus in 1860, Darowska became the Superior of the congregation. In 1863 she moved the community to Jazłowiec in the Archdiocese of Lviv. She opened a convent and a middle school for girls in the donated ruins of the local castle. This soon became an important spiritual and cultural centre.
In 1863 the congregation received the decretum laudis from the Pope. In 1874 the final approval was confirmed, and in 1889 the constitutions were accepted. In 1883 the congregation erected the "Statue of the Immaculate Conception of the Godmother" in the convent's chapel. This was blessed by archbishop Sigismund Felix Feliński, and in 1939 crowned by the Polish primate August Cardinal Hlond.
During her 50 years' activity as superior of the congregation, Darowska opened many pre-schools and schools in rural areas. She died on 5 January 1911 in Jazłowiec, aged 83. She left seven convents with 350 sisters.
Approach and meaning.
In 1904, the Polish writer Henryk Sienkiewicz wrote: ""Praise for your wise work and honour to your merit and goodness". Darowska answered: "I do not look at the results (praise) of our work. Those results do not belong to us. If they exist, they belong to God, for the good of our beloved and divided country"".


John Hodson

John Henry Hodson is an Anglican clergyman.
Hodson was born in Britain c. 1915, he graduated with the M.A. degree from Oxford University and was ordained as a priest in 1938. He was the curate of Kennington from 1937 to 1940 and priest-in-charge at Friar Park (Wednesbury) from 1940 to 1943.
Hodson served as a Royal Navy Chaplain from 1943 until 1946. After the Second World War he was the Vicar of Helmsley, Yorkshire. He emigrated to South Africa in 1953. He was the Dean of Grahamstown 1953 to 1964.
In 1980 he was admitted as a Brother of The Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem.


Paul Francis Duffy

Paul Francis Duffy, OMI (July 25, 1932 – August 23, 2011) was the first Catholic bishop of the Diocese of Mongu, Zambia.
Born in Norwood, Massachusetts, United States, Duffy was ordained to the priesthood in 1962. He joined the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate in the USA in 1952 and was ordained priest on 22nd December, 1962.
He left for Zambia in 1982, working in Lukulu and Kalabo. In 1997, Duffy was appointed bishop of the Mongu Diocese, retiring in 2011. He died later that year in San Antonio Texas, USA, suffering from leukaemia.


John Behnken

John William Behnken (March 19, 1884 – February 23, 1968) was the sixth president of the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod (LCMS) from 1935 to 1962. He previously served as president of the Synod's Texas District from 1926 to 1929.
Behnken was born on March 19, 1884, in Cypress, Texas, the eldest child of the Rev. George William Behnken and Helen née Wunderlich. George Behnken was a native of Hanover, Germany, immigrating to the United States in 1874. He died when John Behnken was three years old. Following George's death, Helen and her three children moved in with her widowed mother for five years, when she remarried. John Behnken attended Concordia Seminary in St. Louis, Missouri, from 1903 to 1906, and was ordained on August 12, 1906, at Trinity Lutheran Church in Fedor, Texas. He then worked as a missionary in Houston, Texas, and in 1908 became pastor of Trinity Lutheran Church in that city, serving until 1935.
In 1909, he married Gertrude Geisler, who died in 1910. In 1914, he married Hilda Grassmuck, who remained his wife until her death in 1954.
Behnken served as president of the Texas District of the LCMS from 1926 to 1929. He then served a second vice-president of the LCMS from 1929 to 1932 and as first vice-president from 1932 to 1935. He was elected president of the LCMS at its 1935 synodical convention, and was reelected multiple times, serving until 1962, at which time he was named honorary president. During his presidency he worked to establish the Lutheran Council in the United States of America.
Behnken died on February 23, 1968, in Hollywood, Florida. Among the books he authored are "God Is Our Refuge and Strength" (1942) and his autobiography, "This I Recall" (1964).


Siri Sunde

Siri Sunde (born 15 May 1958) is a Norwegian priest. She was the first open lesbian priest who entered into a registered partnership and retained her position in the Church of Norway.


Abu ali Farmadi

Fazal bin Muhammad bin Ali (Arabic: فضل بن محمد بن علي,"; born 1016 - 1084)" commonly known as "Abu Ali Farmadi" or just "Abu Ali" was a saint of the Naqshbandi Golden Chain, and a prominent Sufi master and preacher from Ṭūs, Khorasan Iran,
Birth.
He was born the year 407 hijrah He was called al-Fārmadī on account of his place of birth, Fārmad, a village in the vicinity of Ṭūs.
Education.
After completing his elementary education he entered the madrasah of the famous Sufi Abdulkarim Qushayri in Nishapur.and then he was a follower of Abu Al-Hassan Al-Kharqani. He was the disciple of Imam Abu Qasim Qaisheri and Sheikh Abu Qasim Jurjani. In his last days he got spiritual favours from Sheikh Abdul Hasan Qarqani.
Biography.
Abu ali Farmadi is called the Knower of the Merciful and the Custodian of Divine Love. He was a scholar of the Shafi’i school of jurisprudence and a unique `arif (endowed with spiritual knowledge). He was deeply involved in both the School of the Salaf (scholars of the First and Second Centuries) and that of the Khalaf (later scholars), but he made his mark in the Science of Tasawwuf. From it he extracted some of the heavenly knowledge which is mentioned in Qur’an in reference to al-Khidr salla: “and We have taught him from our Heavenly Knowledge” [18:65].
Death.
He died at 4 Rabi-Ul-Awwal 477 Hijri on Thursday.


Felix Akinbuluma

Felix Akinbuluma
was an Anglican bishop in Nigeria: he was Bishop of Irele-Eseodo until his death at the age of 59 in 2018.
He was consecrated in 2009 as the founding Bishop of Irele-Eseodo in the Anglican Province of Ondo.


Gordon Tindall

Gordon Leslie Tindall (1911 – 24 June 1969) was the eighth Bishop of Grahamstown.
Tindall was educated at Hatfield College, Durham. Ordained in 1936, his first post was a curacy in Swinton. He then emigrated to Africa to become a missionary priest. From 1939 he was rector of Vryburg, then director of the South Bechuanaland Mission. Later he was archdeacon of King William's Town, then diocesan director of religious education in Grahamstown before his appointment to the episcopate.


Tommy Walker (worship leader)

Tommy Walker is an American worship leader, composer of contemporary worship music, recording artist and author. Since 1990, he has been the worship leader at Christian Assembly, a church affiliated with the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel in Los Angeles, California. Some of Walker's most well-known songs are "Only A God Like You," "No Greater Love," "Mourning Into Dancing," "He Knows My Name," and "That's Why We Praise Him."
In addition to his responsibilities as a church leader, he has taken the "CA Worship Band" on numerous overseas trips, including several trips to Southeast Asia and the Philippines. He has worked alongside Franklin Graham, Greg Laurie, Jack Hayford, Bill Hybels, Rick Warren and at Promise Keepers events.
Career.
In 2000, Walker released his album "Never Gonna Stop", which earned a larger reception than his previous albums, peaking at number one hundred and fifty three on the Billboard Top 200 chart. In 2004, Walker released his album, "Make it Glorious", which was recorded live at Regent University with a 50-member choir. A choral collection of some of Walker's best-known songs entitled "That's Why We Praise Him: Celebrating the Songs of Tommy Walker" (arranged and orchestrated by Bradley Knight) was also released in 2004. This was followed by a second choral collection of songs by Walker, "Great and Marvelous: Celebrating the Songs of Tommy Walker Volume 2", in 2005, which earned Walker a Dove Award nomination. On March 18, 2008, following eight live recordings and many years as a worship leader, Tommy Walker released his first studio recording, "I Have A Hope". The album was produced by producer Ed Cash and labeled by Maranatha! Music. In support of his national studio debut, Walker made appearances at the National Christian Musicians Summit, Liberty University and the National Worship Leadership Conference, run by "Worship Leader Magazine". In an interview, Walker said that he had been offered deals by record labels and publishers when his songs were first being recorded, but he had declined the offers because he had grown up with a negative perception on the music industry. In 2012, Shepherd University (Cornel School of Contemporary Music) awarded Tommy Walker with an “Honorary Doctorate in Music Arts”.
Musical style.
Influences.
Tommy Walker has cited Justo Almario, Abraham Laboriel, Andrae Crouch, Lindell Cooley and Darlene Zschech as influences.
A trained guitarist, Tommy is "Supported by Taylor Guitars".
Personal life.
Tommy Walker is the son of Fred and Eileen Walker, who were once the pastors of an independent charismatic church. Walker's sister, Janey Stewart, and her husband, Sam Stewart, are the founders and overseers of Charlie's Lunch, a worldwide faith based relief organization. One of Walker’s brothers, Dale Walker is the founder and director of Heart of the World, an interdenominational, worldwide ministry, that operates Borderland Kids program, which is a program that provides food to needy children in the United States. Hilary (Walker) Overton, a niece of Tommy Walker, and her husband David, administrate Glory Reborn, a midwifery clinic in the Philippines. Tommy Walker is married to Robin Walker, and together, the couple has four children, Jake, Levi, Emmie and Eileen.
Charts.
Albums - Billboard (North America)


Johannes Belksma

Johannes "Hans" Belksma (19 October 1884, Tzum – 3 March 1942, Tana Toraja) was a Dutch missionary. He was sent by , a missionary agency in Utrecht, Netherlands, to work in the Dutch East Indies.
Belksma arrived in Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi, Dutch East Indies in May 1916. There he was suggested by Gereformeerde Zendingsbond to build . Belksma established Normaalcursus in Tana Toraja.


David Pytches

George Edward David Pytches (born 9 January 1931) is a bishop of the Anglican Communion and the former Bishop of Chile, Bolivia and Peru. Pytches was also vicar of St Andrew's, in Chorleywood England. He is the author of many books, including "Come Holy Spirit" and his autobiography, "Living at the Edge". He is the founder of the New Wine conferences with his wife Mary, who is also an author in the field of Christian counselling.
He was consecrated a bishop on 20 December 1970, by Kenneth Howell, Bishop of Chile, Bolivia and Peru, in St Paul's Church, Valparaíso, to serve as assistant bishop for the Valparaíso region in the Diocese of Chile, Bolivia and Peru; in 1972 he became diocesan bishop of that diocese, serving until his return to England in 1977.
Pytches supported the Soul Survivor movement in England during its early days and throughout its history; for example, the Soul in the City event was supported by a large donation received from a New Wine conference only days before.
Pytches, along with Bishop C. FitzSimons Allison and four others, participated in the consecration in 2000, in Singapore, of two bishops opposed to the blessing of same-sex unions by the Episcopal Church USA.
Pytches and his wife gave the leadership of New Wine over to John and Anne Coles in 2001, but still visit the conferences every year and continue to speak there.
Pytches's son-in-law, Christopher Cocksworth, has been Bishop of Coventry since March 2008.


Theognostus of Alexandria

Theognostus (; c. 210 – c. 270) was a late 3rd century Alexandrian theologian. He is known from quotes by Athanasius and Photios I of Constantinople. Philip of Side says that he presided over the school of Alexandria after Pierius (AD 265). Although a disciple of Origen of Alexandria no reference of him can be found by Eusebius or Jerome. The main textual point of reference is derived from Athanasius.
Works.
He wrote a seven-volume work called "Hypotyposes", extant at the time of Photius' quotation. Some of the more notable quotations of book two appear Arian;
the Son is spoken of as a creature, which is to say a created being.
In book three his references to the Spirit are unorthodox and reminiscent of Origen. In book five he spoke of angels and devils as embodied.
In books six and seven he treated the Incarnation in a more orthodox manner than book two, and Athanasius regarded him as a useful witness against Arianism. Under the influence of Origen of Alexandria Theognostus expounded on the trinity, divine redemption and the afterlife. His work was very much in line with the Christian Hellenistic philosophy prevalent within the school of Alexandria at the time.
Much of his theology would later be adopted by Gregory of Nyssa. The fragments of Theognostus are collected in Martin Joseph Routh's "Reliquiae Sacrae" 3:407–422. Translations into English can be found in the "Ante-Nicene Fathers" (available at WikiSource). Most of the 2nd book was later published in 1902 by Franz Diekamp.
Exegetical writings.
"Hypotypōseis:" The seven books known in Greek as the "Outlines" a title given by Photios I of Constantinople is considered to be Theognostus' principal work. Themes include:


Four Nights in Knaresborough

Four Nights in Knaresborough is a play written by Paul Corcoran (now known as Paul Webb) and first performed at the Tricycle Theatre, London in 1999. It recounts the aftermath of the murder of Thomas Becket by four knights making "the worst career choice in history". Despite being an historical drama, the play uses modern language, including an abundance of profanity and slang.
A film version of the play, scripted by Webb and titled "Four Knights" is to be produced by The Weinstein Company, directed by Paul McGuigan.
Plot.
Set in 1171, "Four Nights in Knaresborough" opens in Canterbury Cathedral where four knights, Brito, Fitz, Morville, and Traci come to arrest Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury. However, rather than arresting him, Becket is killed by Fitz. The knights then flee to Knaresborough Castle in Yorkshire where they ensconce themselves for a year to avoid the wrath of the public and the Pope.
Over the course of four evenings, in January, March, September and December, the play portrays the gradual decline of the knights, showing their repressed desires, fears and misgivings. Emphasising clashes of personalities, the play glosses over the deeper political and historical consequences of the murder.
Of the four knights, Morville is the one most upset by his excommunication and isolation and argues that Becket had to die as he was opposing the progressive reforms of King Henry II. He even claims that Henry is playing a careful political game but is really on the knights' side.
Brito is not an aristocrat like the other knights, but is rather a "new man" who joined the others less out of conviction than of opportunism. As the most active and the youngest of the four knights, his imprisonment is a kind of rite of passage and he grows through the play. Brito is also rampantly heterosexual and, despite a mutual attraction between himself and Traci, he chases Catherine and ultimately martyrs himself for her when she succumbs to a fatal disease circulating the village of Knaresborough.
Traci is the most complex character in the play. Guilt-ridden like Morville, he is also in love with Brito. In the past he has had a relationship with the fourth knight, the aristocratic Fitz, but is now very much alone.
While the knights wait out their time in the castle, Catherine keeps the villagers at bay by assuring them that her tenants are seeking penance through a constant cycle of fasting and prayer. Ultimately, she is tried as a witch by water.
History.
"Four Nights in Knaresborough" was the first play written by Paul Corcoran (now Paul Webb) and is the only one of his theatrical works to have been performed, receiving its premiere at the Tricycle Theatre, London in 1999. This production suffered financial difficulties and director, Richard Wilson, had to put his own salary for the job back into the production to make it happen.
Productions.
Since its premiere in 1999, there have been a number of additional notable productions of "Four Nights in Knaresborough" across the United Kingdom.
Reception.
Reviews of "Four Nights in Knaresborough" have been very mixed. In reviewing the premiere, The Times said that the play was confused and did not know whether it was a tragedy of character, a straight historical dramatisation, a light comedy, a political-philosophical statement, or a satirical study of sexual longing. Nevertheless, the play sustained interest and it was felt that Webb could produce something remarkable with more discipline. The Guardian review of the premiere, in awarding the play 3 stars, found the play to be a lively debut and thought that Webb could be better if he stopped using four-letter words in an attempt to hold the audience's attention. Indeed, several reviewers have criticised the play's crude and tiresome references to wanking, and extended turd jokes.
The play's use of modern language and idiom has also received mixed reviews, drawing comparisons with Blackadder, A Knight's Tale and Reservoir Dogs. The Guardian review of the premiere felt that it was a good, if overused comic device, while the Times thought the language, while adding realism, made the play feel lightweight.
Film adaptation.
A film version of the play has been scripted by Webb. Titled "Four Knights", it was produced by The Weinstein Company, directed by Paul McGuigan and produced by Laurence Bowen of UK-based production company Feelgood Fiction
Harvey Weinstein has told the director to think of the film as being like Young Guns. The screenplay is also reportedly full of action, with the knights always fleeing and being on the road. .


Joseph Darlington

Fr. Joseph Darlington SJ (1850-1939), was an English-born Jesuit Priest, who served as Dean of Studies and Professor of English in University College Dublin, at the time a Jesuit College. James Joyce was one of his pupils at UCD, and Joyce based the character Fr Butt SJ in "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" on him. Darlington was also Dean of the Medical School in Cecilia Street, from 1902.
Darlington received an MA from Brasenose College, Oxford, and became an Anglican priest; he later converted to Catholicism, becoming a Jesuit.
Darlington contributed to the St. Stephens magazine in UCD. In 1895 he was first editor of "The Sheaf" magazine for the St Joseph's Young Priests Society.


Sigurd Lunde (bishop)

Sigurd Lunde (27 April 1916–21 January 2006) was a Norwegian theologian, teacher, author, broadcaster, and Bishop of the Diocese of Stavanger. Lunde also wrote music and lyrics to hymns and psalms. He was the father of news anchor Einar Lunde.
Biography.
Sigurd Lunde was born on 27 April 1916. After going to school and being ordained as a priest in the Church of Norway, he also studied journalism in the United States. In 1942, he was hired by the Norwegian Missionary Society. He edited "Norsk misjonstidende" journal starting in 1946. From 1952 until 1966, Lunde worked for the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) as part of their religious broadcasts. He started the radio program (Hymns and songs that we love). During his time with the NRK, he was also a teacher in the University of Oslo's practical-theological seminary from 1957 to 1967.
In 1966 he left the radio business and he was appointed as a curate at Ullern Church. He was promoted to vicar in the same parish in 1971. He was the bishop of the Diocese of Stavanger from 1977 to his retirement in 1986. He died on 21 January 2006 after a long illness.


Guillaume de Salluste Du Bartas

Guillaume de Salluste Du Bartas (1544, in Monfort – July 1590, in Mauvezin) was a Gascon Huguenot courtier and poet. Trained as a doctor of law, he served in the court of Henri de Navarre for most of his career. Du Bartas was celebrated across sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Europe for his divine poetry, particularly "L'Uranie "(1574), "Judit "(1574), "La Sepmaine; ou, Creation du monde" (1578), and "La Seconde Semaine" (1584-1603).
Life.
Relatively little is known about Du Bartas’ life. Born in 1544, Guillaume Sallustre descended from a family of wealthy merchants in Montfort (in the Armagnac region). His family name later became ‘Salluste’ rather than 'Sallustre', perhaps to invite comparison with the Roman historian Sallust. He was possibly a student at College de Guyenne in Bordeaux (Michel de Montaigne’s school), and studied law in Toulouse under Jacques Cujas: he became a doctor of law in 1567, and subsequently a judge in Montfort in 1571. He gained the lordship of nearby Bartas (becoming Sieur Du Bartas) on his father’s death in 1566. He married Catherine de Manas, a local noblewoman, in 1570, and they had four daughters together: Anne, Jeanne, Marie and Isabeau.
He entered the service of Henri de Navarre in 1576, who would become Henri IV of France in 1589. He was sent on various diplomatic missions, including to Montmorency in 1580, and Scotland and England in 1587. The poet left Scotland from Dumbarton Castle for La Rochelle laden with presents. James VI hired one of the best ships in the kingdom for him, knighted him, and gave him a gold chain, and 2000 gold crowns, "with a tablett of gold, having in itt his Majesties pourtraict", besides several hackney horses and other presents from the nobility and courtiers.
He died in 1590, just weeks after composing a poem that celebrated Henri's victory at the Battle of Ivry, though it is not thought that he fought in the battle.
Château Du Bartas, found in Saint Georges, was Du Bartas' residence in the later part of his life. A statue of Du Bartas stands in a square named after him in Auch, the historic capital of Gascony.
Poetry.
"La muse chrestienne".
Du Bartas began writing poetry in the 1560s after being invited to do so by Jeanne d'Albret de Navarre. His first collection, "La muse chrestienne" (1574) contains ‘L’Uranie’, a verse prosopographia in which the Christian muse urges the poet to commit himself to composing serious poetry on scriptural themes. The other two items in the volume, the biblical epic "Judit" and 'Le Triomphe de la Foi', were examples of this new religious verse.
The "Semaines".
Du Bartas' masterpiece is his "Semaines" ('Weeks'), two epic poems which freely expand on the account in the Book of Genesis of the creation of the world and the first eras of world history. Each "Semaine" consists of individual "jours" (days) which can be read separately.
"La Semaine ou creation du Monde".
"La Semaine ou creation du Monde" ('The Week, or creation of the World'), subsequently also known as "La Premiere Sepmaine" was first printed in Paris in 1578, and was immediately popular. "La Sepmaine" is a hexameral poem consisting of seven "jours", each containing around 700 lines, devoted to the aspect of the world created on that day in the first week. Because the poem's structure follows Genesis 1:1-8 closely, it is easy to navigate to particular sections; for example, readers wanting to find what Du Bartas writes about cuttlefish or mullet could know to turn to 'Le Cinquiesme Jour' (The Fifth Day) and in most editions would have had marginal annotations to help them locate the description of each creature.
'Le Premier Jour' (The First Day) describes the creation of the world out of chaos (Du Bartas advocates the theory of creation "ex nihilo" - 'Nothing, but "Nothing" had the Lord Almighty, | Whereof, wherewith, whereby, to build this City' (Sylvester, I.i.228-29), forecasts the Day of Judgement and concludes with a discussion of angels. 'Le Second Jour' (The Second Day) concerns the creation of the four elements - water, air, earth and fire - and their meteorological effects. Land, seas and vegetation are created in 'Le Troisiesme Jour' (The Third Day). The earth is populated with particular species of natural life during the next three days: the sun, stars and seasons in 'Le Quatriesme Jour' (The Fourth Day); fish and birds in 'Le Cinquiesme Jour' (The Fifth Day); and land animals and human beings in 'Le Sixiesme Jour' (The Sixth Day). In 'Le Septiesme Jour' (The Seventh Day) Gods surveys the world he has created, and the poet meditates on the created world.
"La Seconde Semaine".
Following the success of his First Week, Du Bartas embarked upon a sequel that would survey world history from Adam to the apocalypse, following the plan in Augustine's "City of God". He only completed four "jours", each divided into four parts, that covered the eras of Adam, Noah, Abraham and David (the final three were to cover Zedekiah, the Messiah and the Eternal Sabbath).
The first two "jours" of "La Seconde Semaine" were first printed in 1584. 'Le Premier Jour' (the era of Adam) contains 'Eden' (II.i.1) describing the Garden of Paradise; 'L'Imposture' ('The Imposture' in Sylvester's translation, II.i.2) which relates the Fall of Man; 'Les Furies' ('The Furies', II.i.3) which describes the diseases, conflicts and vices that plague mankind; and 'Les Artifices' ('The Handy Crafts', II.i.4) which is about the various crafts that humankind learnt, and Cain and Abel. 'Le Second Jour' (Noah) consists of 'L'Arche' ('The Arke', II.ii.1) retelling the Great Flood; 'Babylone' ('Babylon', II.ii.2) about the Tower of Babel and European literary cultures; 'Les Colonies' ('The Colonies', Ii.ii.3) which describes the spread of different tribes across the world; and 'Les Colomnes' ('The Columnes', II.ii.4) in which the tale (originally found in Josephus) of Seth writing scientific and astronomical knowledge on two pillars to safeguard it against fire and flood is a point of departure for a review of learning in those areas.
"Les Suites de la Second Semaine," containing the third and fourth "jours", were printed in parts between 1591 and 1603. James VI of Scotland received a manuscript copy containing six of the eight sections of the "Suites" (including a version of 'Les Peres' with 830 lines not found in the printed texts) in the late 1580s. 'Le Troisieme Jour' continues the narrative into the age of Abraham: La Vocation ('The Vocation', II.iii.1) and 'Les Peres' ('The Fathers', II.iii.2) cover the end of the Book of Genesis in relating the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah and the sacrifice of Isaac respectively, while 'La Loy' ('The Law', II.iii.3) moves into the Exodus narrative and 'Les Captaines' ('The Captains', II.iii.4) to Joshua and Samuel. 'Le Quatrieme Jour' is devoted to David: 'Les Trophees' ('The Trophies', II.iv.1), 'La Magnificence' ('The Magnificence', II.iv.2) is about Solomon, and the final two completed sections, 'Le Schisme' ('The Schism', II.iv.3) and finally 'La Decadence' ('The Decay', II.iv.4), reviews the monarchs of the Books of Kings and Book of Chronicles.
Miscellaneous Poems.
Besides "Le muse chrestienne" and the two "Semaines," Du Bartas wrote a number of occasional poems and lyrics. Among these are two of some length, about battles that occurred in the author's lifetime: 'Cantique d'Yvry' ('Song of Ivry'), on the Battle of Ivry (1590), not long before the poet's death, and 'La Lepanthe' ('Lepanto'), a translation of James VI's poem on the Battle of Lepanto (1571).
Reputation.
France.
"La Sepmaine" was instantly successful in France: there were 42 editions between 1578 and 1632, often printed with Simon Goulart's marginal annotations and commentary. Du Bartas was the most highly esteemed French poet in France at the turn of the seventeenth century, even more so than Ronsard, and in 1620 was still regarded as the apogee of French 'grand poesie'. However, there were no further French editions of the "Semaines" after 1630. What were once regarded as the stylistic merits of Du Bartas' were later deemed to be weaknesses: his use of compound epithets, duplication of initial syllables, frequent inclusion of metaphors and similes and a highly compressed and accumulative style all contributed to a sense that his poetry was over-wrought and over-elaborate.
Nonetheless there were over thirty poems influenced by Du Bartas printed in France between 1601 and 1697, including direct continuations or parodies such as Christophe de Gamon's "La Sepmaine" (1609) and A. D’Argent's "Sepmaine" (1629), and printed references praising Du Bartas in works written throughout this period. As late as 1684 Madeleine de Scudéry recalled the often-cited anecdote that Ronsard had once remarked that Du Bartas had achieved more in a week than he had in his entire life. Du Bartas was, however, an object of criticism: he was, for example, cited for examples of mistakes to avoid in a "Brève instruction" (1667). Du Bartas' reputation remained low in subsequent centuries: in 1842 Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve wrote that Du Bartas ‘a pu s’égarer et céder au mauvais goût de son temps dans le gros de ces oeuvres’ (‘was led astray and gave into the poor taste of his times in most of his work’).
Though Du Bartas is still not widely known in France today, critical re-appraisals in the twentieth century, led by James Dauphiné, Yvonne Bellenger and other, have shown how Du Bartas' encyclopedic writing was representative of its time and is still worthy of attention.
Scotland.
James VI of Scotland's enthusiasm for Du Bartas made the Frenchman's poetry uniquely popular in sixteenth-century Scotland. James possessed a copy of "La Sepmaine" given to him by his nurse, and a year later wrote in the preface to his "Essayes of a Prentise" (Edinburgh, 1584) that
The volume contained James's Scots translation of "L'Uranie". Du Bartas' synthesis of sacred and secular verse matched the King's own aesthetic preferences, and also his political imperative to consolidate his divine and political authority. The King shared Urania's sense that more poets should write about the highest matters:
Thomas Hudson, a court musician, was (so he writes in the preface) commissioned by the King to prepare a translation of "Judit", which was printed in 1584 with prefatory sonnets by James and others. Du Bartas was evidently quickly made aware of the King's attention, for a publisher's contract which Du Bartas signed in 1585 mentions printing the King's translation (as well as Du Bartas’ translation of the King's ‘Ane Schort Poeme of Tyme’).
Du Bartas and James subsequently met in the summer of 1587 when the French poet travelled on a diplomatic mission to Scotland, via the English Court, to propose a marriage match between James and Henri de Navarre’s sister, Catherine de Bourbon. Though the match never happened, Du Bartas remained in high esteem with James: he received expensive gifts on departure, and the King invited him to return. It may well have been during this visit that Du Bartas translated James’ mini-epic on The Battle of Lepanto which was printed alongside James’ original poem and his translation of ‘Les Furies’ in his "Poeticall Exercises at Vacant Houres" (1591).
Poets writing at the Jacobean Court (members of the so-called "Castalian Band") all knew of Du Bartas, who was ‘aesthetically and ideologically a role-model for James’ and ‘emblematic of the direction, spiritually, philosophically and aesthetically, in which James sought to lead his imagined renaissance’ (Sarah Dunnigan) at the Scottish Court. William Fowler and John Stewart of Baldynneis are two poets who refer to Urania as a symbolic figurehead for the kind of poetic inspiration to which they aspired in vain. Hadrian Damman's Latin translation was dedicated to James when printed in 1600 (a manuscript copy dated 1596 also survives, National Library of Scotland MS Adv. 19.2.10). William Drummond of Hawthornden, William Alexander and Zachary Boyd are three seventeenth-century Scottish poets who knew Du Bartas’ works well; the latter two imitate his works (Sylvester's translation in Boyd's case) extensively.
James had a major impact on English responses both before and after his accession to the English throne. Gabriel Harvey is one of numerous writers in London who were reading James' translation in the 1590s: when Harvey praised Du Bartas as the ‘Treasurer of Humanity and 'Ieweller of Diuinity’ and ‘a right inspired, and enravished Poet’ in the preface to "Pierces Supererogation" (1593) and other works, he was in part drawing on notes made in his copy of James's "Essayes". A passage in the King's "Basilikon Doron" exhorting more poets to 'bee well versed' in Du Bartas' poetry was cited, for instance, by Thomas Winter in the dedicatory epistle of his translation of the "Third Dayes Creation" (1604). Joshua Sylvester dedicated his translation "Devine Weekes and Workes" (1605) to James, having presented a manuscript extract to the King in the previous year.
England.
Du Bartas was extremely popular in early modern England, and was still being read widely in the later seventeenth century even as his reputation in France began to decline. Around two hundred texts printed in England before 1700 make direct reference to Du Bartas, including seventy-five from the period 1641-1700. There were numerous translations of sections of the "Semaines" into English, of which the most significant is Josuah Sylvester's "Devine Weekes and Workes" (1605 et seq.; re-printed six times by 1641). Du Bartas was quickly regarded as a divine epic poet whose works took their place among the great European classics: Gabriel Harvey, for example, compared Du Bartas to Homer, Virgil and Dante.
Sir Philip Sidney apparently admired Du Bartas' works later in life, and his translation of 'Salust Du Bartas' was entered into the Stationers’ Register in 1588, but is now unknown. Du Bartas had in effect synthesized the two highest forms of poetry, divine and philosophical, described in Sidney's "Apology for Poetry". S. K. Heninger, reflecting on similarities between Sidney and Du Bartas’ conception of poetry, writes that: ‘the reader could ponder the wide-ranging mysteries of creation. He could contemplate God’s intention, His methods, His results. The text is characterized by a Protestant passion for the truth—the truth, at once universal and concrete. It is also characterized by a Protestant devotion to the word—the word, at once comprehensive and knowable, "logos" though it may be.’
William Scott, author of ‘The Model of Poesy’ and a translator of the first two Days of "La Sepmaine", found moral, spiritual and aesthetic value in the poetry of 'our incomparable Bartas, who hath opened as much natural science in one week, containing the story of the creation, as all the rabble of schoolmen and philosophers have done since Plato and Aristotle.' Edmund Spenser, said by Harvey to have particularly enjoyed The Fourth Day, writes in "The Ruines of Time" that after Joachim Du Bellay 'gins "Bartas" hie to rayse | His heavenly Muse, th'Almighty to adore'; however, ‘within the shared province of Christian epic, Spenser and du Bartas remain fairly far apart’ (Susan Snyder).
According to Snyder, ‘clearly everyone in pre-Restoration England who had received a literary education read the Weekes and almost all [...] admired it.’ Du Bartas was John Milton's ‘earliest English literary model’, and traces of direct influence are arguably most apparent in "Poems" 1645. Nonetheless the "Semaines "were a major precursor for "Paradise Lost ", and can productively be compared with it. Du Bartas was also an early influence on Anne Bradstreet; one of her earliest dated works is her elegy ‘In Honour of Du Bartas. 1641’. The prefatory materials to "The Tenth Muse" (1650) make numerous references to Bradstreet's enthusiasm for Du Bartas, including Nathaniel Ward's condescending remark that Bradstreet is a 'right Du Bartas girle'. Though Bradstreet's poetry owes much to Du Bartas' methods, her work is not derivative, and she denied that her poetry imitates Du Bartas in her dedicatory poem to her father Thomas Dudley: 'I honour him, but dare not wear his wealth’ (ll. 38-9). Lucy Hutchinson would have read "Devine Weekes" before writing "Order and Disorder".
Rest of Europe.
Du Bartas' works, particularly and often exclusively "La Sepmaine", were translated into numerous other European languages in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. There were translations into Latin (by Gabriel de Lerm (1583), Jean Édouard Du Monin (1579), Hadrian Damman (1600) and Samuel Benoît (1609)), Italian (by Ferrante Guisone, first printed in 1592 and reprinted five times before 1613), Spanish (Joan Dessi, 1610, and Francisco de Cáceres in 1612) and German (Tobias Hübner, 1622 and 1631). Several Dutch translators produced versions: Zacharias Heyns (1616, 1621 and 1628), Theodorick van Liefvelt, Heer van Opdorp (1609), Wessel van den Boetselaer, Heer van Asperen (1622) and Joost van den Vondel. A Danish translation of "La Sepmaine" was printed in 1661, and a Swedish translation in 1685.
Du Bartas' popularity apparently declined throughout Europe in the eighteenth century: in his translation of Diderot's 'Rameau's Nephew' (1805) Johann Wolfgang von Goethe expressed surprise that "La Sepmaine" was no longer widely known.


Pasquale Foresi

Pasquale Foresi (5 July 1929, Livorno – 14 June 2015, Rocca di Papa) was an Italian priest and theologian. He was connected to the Focolare Movement co-founded by him, Chiara Lubich and Igino Giordani. The Focolare Movement is an international organization that promotes the ideals of unity and universal brotherhood with other religious movements.
Biography.
Foresi was born on July 5, 1929 in Livorno (Italy) and attended the seminary in Pistoia and the Almo Collegio Capranica. He interrupted his studies for a while because of doubts and a crisis of faith. In December 1949 he met Chiara Lubich in Trento, Italy and immediately became interested in the Focolare Movement. “...[A]n absolute faith in the Catholic Church and at the same time a radical evangelical life, that I understood what my true place was and quickly the idea of priesthood reappeared”. He finished his studies and was ordained as a catholic priest on April 4, 1954. Father Foresi played an important role in shaping the spiritual, theological and cultural expression of the Focolare Movement. He became, with Lubich, the group's first co-president.
Foresi was in charge of relations with the Holy See, and assisted Lubich in drafting the statutes of the movement. He was instrumental in setting up the “Mariapolis Centres” that provide courses for the members, and also wrote a number of articles on the spiritual and social dimension of the theology of the Focolare Movement.
In his late years, Father Foresi lived at the Focolare headquarters in Rocca di Papa; he died on June 14, 2014.


Eadmund the Confessor

Eadmund the Confessor is a pre-Congregational saint of Anglo-Saxon England.
He is known only from the litany from Lambeth Palace MS 427, a 15th-century addition to a psalter of the 11th century.


Emmanuel Maduwike

Emmanuel Maduwike is an Anglican bishop in Nigeria.
Maduwike was consecrated the Bishop of Ikeduru on the 14 July 2009 at St. Mathew's Cathedral.


Enzo Bianchi

Enzo Bianchi (born 3 March 1943) is an Italian Catholic layman who founded the Bose Monastic Community and served as its first prior from 1965 to 2017.
Biography.
Enzo Bianchi was born on 3 March 1943 in Castel Boglione, Italy. He earned a diploma in accountancy and then studied economics at the University of Turin.
In late 1965, he moved to an isolated farmhouse in the hamlet of Bose in Magnano in the Province of Biella. In October 1968, two Catholics, a Protestant minister, and another female Protestant, forming the Bose Monastic Community. He was also friends with Cardinal Michele Pellegrino. With Bianchi as founder and first prior, and based on the rules he wrote, it welcomed men and women, both Catholics and Protestants, who agreed to live in community, maintain celibacy, and devote themselves to prayer and work.
In August 2004, Bianchi was part of the Vatican delegation that delivered a 16th-century icon of Our Lady of Kazan to the Russian Orthodox Church.
Bianchi was also appointed as an expert to assemblies of the Synod of Bishops in 2008, 2012, and 2018. On 22 July 2014, Pope Francis named him a consultor to the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity.
On 26 December 2016, he announced his resignation as prior of the community, effective from 25 January 2017. He was succeeded on 26 January 2017 by Luciano Manicardi, who had been vice-prior.
From 6 December 2019 to 6 January 2020, the Vatican conducted an apostolic visitation of the Bose Monastic Community regarding issues of "the exercise of the authority, government management and fraternal climate". The visitors were Guillermo León Arboleda Tamayo, a Benedictine abbot, Amedeo Cencini, a Canossian consultor to the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life, and Anne-Emmanuelle Devêche, a Cistercian abbess. Following their investigation, the Holy See issued a decree on 13 May 2020, signed by Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Parolin and approved by Pope Francis, ordering Bianchi and three others to "separate from Bose and move to another place". The community released the contents of that decree on 26 May 2020 indicating that not all of those named had complied.


Yahshuah

The pentagrammaton () or Yahshuah () is a constructed form of the Hebrew name of Jesus originally found in the works of Athanasius Kirchner, Johann Baptist Grossschedel (1619) and other late Renaissance esoteric sources. It is to be distinguished from the name Yahshua found in the works of the Sacred Name Movement in the 1960s, though there has been some conflation or confusion between the two. The pentagrammaton Yahshuah has no support in archeological findings, such as the Dead Sea scrolls or inscriptions, nor in rabbinical texts as a form of Joshua. Scholarship generally considers the original form of Jesus to be Yeshua, a Hebrew Bible form of Joshua.
The essential idea of the pentagrammaton is of an alphabetic consonantal framework Y-H-Sh-W-H, which can be supplied with vowels in various ways. (Also, the "W" can be converted into a "U" or "V", since the Hebrew letter ו "waw" writes either a [w] consonant sound—later on pronounced [v]—or a long [u] vowel sound: see Mater Lectionis.)
Renaissance occultism.
The first ones to use a name of Jesus something like "Yahshuah" were Renaissance occultists. In the second half of the 16th century, when knowledge of Biblical Hebrew first began to spread among a significant number of Christians, certain esoterically minded or occultistic circles came up with the idea of deriving the Hebrew name of Jesus by adding the Hebrew letter "shin" ש into the middle of the Tetragrammaton divine name "yod-he-waw-he" יהוה to produce the form "yod-he-shin-waw-he" יהשוה.
This was given a basic Latin transliteration JHSVH or IHSVH or IHSUH (since there was no letter "W" or "sh" / [š] sound in Latin, and "I" and "J" were then not yet clearly distinguished as letters of the alphabet, nor were "U" and "V"). This could then be supplied with further vowels for pronounceability. It was a coincidence that the first three letters of this consonantal transcription IHSVH etc. were identical with the old IHS/JHS monogram of the name of Jesus (from Greek "iota-eta-sigma").
In Renaissance occultistic works, this pentagrammaton (or five-letter divine name) was frequently arranged around a mystic pentagram, where each of the five Hebrew letters י ה ש ו ה was placed at one of the points (the letter "shin" ש was always placed at the upward-pointing vertex of the pentagram). One of the earliest attested examples of this diagram is in the "Calendarium Naturale Magicum Perpetuum" or "Magical Calendar" (published 1620 but dated 1582) of either
Theodor de Bry (Flemish-born German, 1528–1598) or Matthäus Merian the Elder (Swiss, 1593–1650). This idea of the "pentagrammaton" was funneled into modern occultism by 19th-century French writer Eliphas Levi and the influential late 19th-century Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. The Golden Dawn favored the consonantal transcription IHShVH or YHShVH, and the pronunciation Yeheshuah.
However, in all early Hebrew or Aramaic sources, the name "Jesus"/"Jeshua" actually appears as "yod-shin-waw-`ayin" ישוע Yeshua (or as the related longer form of the same name, "yod-he-waw-shin-`ayin" יהושע "Joshua"; or as the intentionally altered derogatory Talmudic variant "yod-shin-waw" ישו Yeshu), so that the Renaissance speculations were incorrect. Note that the letter "`ayin" ע was specifically pronounced as a voiced pharyngeal consonant sound in ancient Hebrew and Aramaic, and could not be easily confused with either a pronounced [h] sound or a silent Hebrew letter "he" ה.
Modern "Divine Name" groups.
Some modern religious groups have speculated that the most correct form of the Hebrew name of Jesus should be based on the spelling "yod-he-shin-waw-`ayin" יהשוע (apparently a reordering of the letters in the Hebrew spelling of the name "yod-he-waw-shin-`ayin" יהושע, pronounced [yěhōšūǎ`] and usually translated into English as "Joshua", but closely connected with the Hebrew form of the name of Jesus). This Hebrew letter sequence "yod-he-shin-waw-`ayin" can be transcribed into English in various ways (since Masoretic Niqqud is rejected), including Yahshua, Yahushua, etc.—see Yahshua.
When a final "H" is added on to these transcriptions (e.g., Yahshuah, Yahoshuah etc.), or when such consonantal transcriptions as YHSWH or YHShWH are used (both quite similar to the old transcription JHSVH, given the differences between the English and Latin uses of the alphabet), then it seems rather clear that there is confusion between the name of Jesus and the Tetragrammaton (whether under the influence of the old occultistic "Pentagrammaton", or independently). The consonantal transcription YHShVH is used both by occultists and Divine Name religious adherents.


Jakob ben Chajim

Jakob ben Chajim (died 1574) was a rabbi in Worms, and appointed by Emperor Ferdinand I as "Reichsrabbiner" (Rabbi of the Empire) of the Holy Roman Empire in 1559. He was the uncle of Judah Loew ben Bezalel and the alleged great-grandson of Judah Leib the Elder.


Opaka Sulan


Alexander Douglas (bishop)

Alexander Douglas (died 11 May 1623) was a Church of Scotland minister and bishop. Minister at Elgin for 17 years, he was elevated to the bishopric of Moray, receiving crown provision on 30 November 1602. He was not consecrated, however, for over eight years, not until he received consecration at Edinburgh on 15 March 1611. He died 11 May 1623, at Elgin. He was buried in his cathedral, the church of St Giles, Elgin, in a vault by a window.


Authority of Jesus questioned

The authority of Jesus is questioned whilst he is teaching in the Temple in Jerusalem, as reported in all three synoptic gospels: , and .
According to the Gospel of Matthew:
Jesus entered the temple courts, and, while he was teaching, the chief priests and the elders of the people came to him. "By what authority are you doing these things?" they asked. "And who gave you this authority?"
Jesus replied, "I will also ask you one question. If you answer me, I will tell you by what authority I am doing these things. John's baptism — where did it come from? Was it from heaven, or of human origin?"
They discussed it among themselves and said, "If we say, 'From heaven', he will ask, 'Then why didn’t you believe him?' But if we say, 'Of human origin' - we are afraid of the people, for they all hold that John was a prophet". So they answered Jesus, "We don’t know".
Then he said, "Neither will I tell you by what authority I am doing these things".
In all three synoptic gospels, this episode takes place shortly after the cleansing of the Temple reported after Jesus' triumphal entry into the city. The word "authority" (, "exousia") is frequently used in relation to Jesus in the New Testament.
A similar episode is described in the Gospel of John at ) as part of the Cleansing of the Temple narrative. In John's account, after expelling the merchants and the money changers from the Temple, Jesus is confronted:
Then the Jews said to Him, “What sign do You show us, seeing that You do these things?”


Hartbert

Hartbert van Bierum (died 12 November 1150) was a bishop of Utrecht from 1139 to 1150
Hartbert, or Heribert, in several translations, was consecrated as bishop on 24 July 1139. During his rule, a rebellion occurred in the city of Groningen. After the bishop had put down the rebellion, he made an agreement with the city in which the city was not allowed to build a wall around itself - an agreement which was not kept for long.
The bishop loaned the prefecture of Groningen to his brother Ludolf, and his younger brother Leffart was given the castle of Coevorden in the south-east of Drenthe, which held control over the only road through the Bourtangerbog from Drenthe to Germany. This nepotism formed the basis of the eventual loss of Drenthe for the Bishopric of Utrecht.


Peder Olivarius Bugge

Peder Olivarius Bugge (2 December 1764 – 6 December 1849) was a Norwegian priest and politician. He was the bishop of the Diocese of Nidaros from 1804 until 1842.
Biography.
Peder Olivarius Bugge was born at Holt in Nedenes county, Norway. He was the son of the parish priest Søren Bugge (1721–94) and Gidsken Edvardine Røring (1724–93). After four years of schooling in Bergen, he attended Kristiansand Cathedral School. He graduated from the University of Copenhagen (cand.theol. 1786, magister 1787).
He was a priest in various parishes in Sjælland, Jylland, and Lista before being appointed to the post of Bishop of the Diocese of Trondhjem when he was only 40 years old in 1804.
Bugge took part at the Norwegian Constituent Assembly at Eidsvoll in 1814 where a constitution was written. He was then elected as the first representative to the new Parliament from Trondheim 1815–1816. As Bishop of Trondhjem, Bugge gave the sermon at the coronation of the new King Karl Johan on 7 September 1818 at the Nidaros Cathedral.
Bugge published a missionary magazine, "Efterretninger om Evangelii Fremgang i alle Verdens-Dele" (1821–22). He later showed sympathy for the Pietism movement and defended Haugean lay preachers. In later years, Bugge was bothered by impaired health. His resignation was accepted at the bishops' assembly in 1842.
Personal life.
In 1787, Bugge was married to Cathrine Magdalene Koch (1787–1849). He died in 1849 at Trondheim. He was the father of Frederik Moltke Bugge (1806-1853), rector at Trondheim Cathedral School and Søren Bruun Bugge (1798-1886), rector of Christiania Cathedral School. His grandchildren included Johannes Christian Piene and Wilhelm Bugge.


Francisco de Abrego

Francisco de Abrego (died July 26, 1574) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Panamá (1566–1574).
Biography.
Francisco de Abrego was born in Spain and ordained a priest in the Order of Santiago. On February 15, 1566, Pope Pius V, appointed him Bishop of Panamá. He served as Bishop of Panamá until his death on July 26, 1574.


Marie Guenet de Saint-Ignace

Marie Guenet de Saint-Ignace (1610-1646) was a French-Canadian abbess and hospital manager. She was the founder and manager of the convent hospital Hôtel-Dieu de Québec in Quebec in 1639. It was the eldest women convent in Quebec, founded the same year as the Ursuline school convent by Marie de l'Incarnation - the two groups of nuns came to Canada in the same ship.


Christopher Knudsen

Christopher Knudsen (4 October 1843 – 28 July 1915) was a Norwegian priest and politician for the Conservative Party. He was Minister of Education and Church Affairs from 1905 to 1906.
Knudsen was born in Drammen as a son of railroad worker Knud Larssen (1814–66) and Marie A. Christophersen Aaserud (1812–1890). He was married twice; first from February 1869 to Marie Charlotte Andrea Hermanstorff (1849–1873), then from September 1874 to Ida Regine Lohne (1855–1949). He was an uncle of politician Knud Christian Knudsen.
He finished his secondary education in 1861, graduated with the cand.theol. degree in 1867, and in 1879 he became vicar in the newly established parish of Nedre Eiker. When Nedre Eiker became its own municipality in 1885, he sat in the municipal council and on the school board and was elected mayor. He left Nedre Eiker in 1886, and became a curate in Drammen. He was elected to the Parliament of Norway from that city in 1894 and 1897. He was then elected for a third term in 1900 from the constituency Tønsberg, where he had been appointed vicar.
On 11 March 1905, when Michelsen's Cabinet assumed office, Knudsen was appointed Norwegian Minister of Education and Church Affairs. This cabinet oversaw the dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden in 1905. Knudsen left the cabinet on 26 January 1906.


Aleksy Sobaszek

Aleksy Sobaszek (1895–1942) was a Polish Roman Catholic priest. He died in a Nazi concentration camp. He is one of the 108 Martyrs of World War II who were beatified by Pope John Paul II in 1999.


Pablo de Anda Padilla

Pablo de Anda Padilla (July 5, 1830 – June 29, 1904) was a Catholic priest and founder of the Minim Daughters of Mary Immaculate (Hijas Mínimas de María Inmaculada, CFMM), Latin for "Congregatio Filiarum Minimarum Marie".
Biography.
Early years and priesthood.
Pablo de Anda Padilla was born on July 5, 1830, in the city of San Juan de los Lagos, Jalisco, México. His parents, Mariano de Anda and Sanjuana Padilla had five children: Pedro, José Sóstenes, María Rita, María del Refugio and Pablo. The family environment favored his aspirations to the priesthood and, when he decided to follow that vocation, his parents supported him and moved with him, in 1845, to León, Guanajuato, Mexico, where he began his studies at the Seminary of the Pauline Fathers.
He received Holy Orders on August 24, 1856 at the parish of Venado, in the State of San Luis Potosí, in México; his first mass was on September 12 in León, Guanajuato, México.
By the end of the month he was pronounced interim priest of Ahualulco de los Pinos, where he remained until December 14, 1856. On January 1, 1857 he was designated Choir Chaplain of the Cathedral Potosina, with the annexed charges of Master of ceremonies, Mayor sexton, Secretary of Council and Synod of the Clergy of the Diocese, positions he held until March 6, 1865.
Founding of the congregation.
Padilla was a tireless apostle, he opened a Casa de Misericordia, for homeless children, patients and elderly; he created workshops to teach different arts and crafts. He built a sanctuary to Our Lady of Guadalupe on the hill of San Lorenzo in León and founded a hospital next to the sanctuary, where many found refuge after the catastrophic flood in 1888.
He founded the Congregation of Hijas Mínimas de María Inmaculada on March 25, 1886 with only four women; Mercedes de Señor San José Reyes, who until then was known as Soledad; Concepción de Señor San José Barrón, known in the secular world as Refugio Barrón; Guadalupe de Señor San José Reyes, born as Juana; and María de Señor San José Meabe, formerly known as María.
The bishop Tomás Barón y Morales, who gave his blessing and license for the foundation of the new institution, granted them authority to have a small chapel to celebrate mass and save the Sacred Deposit.
The sisters serve in Mexico and Cuba, working in education and health care. In August 1958 they established Guadalupe Tepeyac Clinic.
Sickness and disease.
Three years before his death, Pablo de Anda Padilla became ill and was forced to reduce his activities.
On June 28, 1904, after finishing the Holy Mass, he felt excruciating pain that, according to the symptoms, was the result of bladder stones. At that time, medicine could not do anything, he spent the whole day without any relief. During the night he received the Anointing of the Sick by D. José María Velázquez, accompanied by several priests, especially RR. PP. of the Society of Jesus.
His death was quiet and peaceful, it occurred at four in the morning on June 29, 1904. He was 74 years old and had been priest for 47. His remains are in the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Guadalupe in León, Guanajuato, México.
He was declared Venerable by Pope John Paul II on 28 June 1999.
Institutions run by the congregation today.
Schools.
Colegio Pablo Anda, Encarnación de Díaz, Jalisco México


Alfred Jolson

Alfred James Jolson, S.J., (June 18, 1928 – March 21, 1994) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church and former Bishop of the Diocese of Reykjavík, Iceland.
After several years of teaching in various Jesuit educational institutions in the United States (including Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia), Italy, and Iraq, Jolson was appointed to the Diocese of Reykjavík by Pope John Paul II in 1987. Jolson died suddenly in 1994.


Thomas William Barker

Thomas William Barker (1861–1912) was a Carmarthenshire solicitor, and Registrar of the Diocese of St David's. His father, J. H. Barker, was also a solicitor, and they worked together as partners of the firm Barker, Morris, and Barker.
In 1897 Thomas was appointed Secretary to the Bishop of St David's, and in 1899 was appointed Registrar of the Diocese of St. David's, remaining in the position until his death in 1912.


David Onllwyn Brace

David Onllwyn Brace (1848 - 1891) was a Welsh Independent minister and elegist. On completing his early schooling (probably in the Onllwyn area), he attended the Independent College, Bala (1866-9), and on 24 October 1870 was ordained priest in Rhos-y-Medre, Denbighshire. In 1872 he moved to the Swansea Valley and held appointments in Felindre and at Bethel, Llan-Twrch, before moving to Bethel, Aberdare.
His published works include; 'Cerddi Onllwyn' (1888), and a volume of love-songs, 'Rachel' (1890).
He died in June 1891.


Adolphus Howells

Adolphus Williamson Howells (9 August 1866 - 3 December 1938) was a Nigerian clergyman and an Anglican bishop in the 20th century. He became the first African vicar of the Pro-Cathedral Christ Church, Lagos in 1919.
Early life.
Howells was born on 9 August 1866 in Abeokuta.
Education.
Howells attended Ake School, Abeokuta before entering the CMS Training Institute in Lagos. He then went to study at Fourah Bay College, Freetown in 1891 and later at Durham University in England.
Career.
Howells began his career as a teacher at a mission school in Badagry, where he worked for one year from 1886 and was posted to Saint Paul's School (Breadfruit Street) in 1887. After returning to Lagos from England in 1894, he was appointed tutor at the CMS Grammar School, Lagos. Adolphus Howells was made deacon in 1897 and ordained priest two years later. He became curate of Christ Church Pro-Cathedral, Lagos in 1900 and later pastor of Saint John's Parish Aroloya where he served from 1902 before his posting in 1919 as the first African vicar of the Pro-cathedral Church of Christ. He was consecrated a bishop on 24 June 1920 at Saint Paul's Cathedral in London by Archbishop of Canterbury. Bishop Howells was posted to the Niger Diocese as Assistant Bishop and served there until 1933 when he returned to Lagos Diocese to become the assistant to Bishop Melville Jones, who was the Bishop of Lagos. He was made the first resident Bishop of Abeokuta Ogun state on 10 March 1933.
Later life and death.
Howells served as Bishop of Abeokuta till his retirement on 10 August 1936. He died on 3 December 1938.


Maurice Sinclair

Maurice Walter Sinclair (born 20 January 1937) is a retired English Anglican bishop. He was the Bishop of Northern Argentina from 1990 to 2001, and Primate of the Southern Cone, from 1996 to 2001.
He was educated at Chigwell School and the University of Nottingham, in England. He was ordained an Anglican priest in 1964 and began his career with a curacy at St John's Church, Boscombe. In 1967 he went to South America where he served as a Missionary. He returned to England in 1984 to become Principal of Crowther Hall, Selly Oak, a post he held to his elevation to the Episcopate. He was Bishop of Northern Argentina, from 1990 to 2001, and Primate of the Southern Cone of America, from 1996 to 2001. He returned to England, where in his retirement he continues to serve as an assistant bishop in the Diocese of Birmingham.


Matthias Joseph Isuja

Matthias Joseph Isuja (14 August 1929 – 13 April 2016) was a Tanzanian Roman Catholic prelate.
Ordained a priest in 1960, Isuja served as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodoma, Tanzania from 1972 to 2005.
He died in 2016.


Marcelline Pauper

Marcelline Pauper (born 1663) was one of the Sisters of Charity of Nevers. She asked to receive the stigmata as repayment for a sacrilege committed at the Sister's chapel, and received them on 26 April 1702.
Pauper's autobiography was not published until 1871.


Peter Iornzuul Adoboh

Peter Iornzuul Adoboh (14 April 1958 – 14 February 2020) was a Nigerian Roman Catholic bishop.
Iornzuul Adoboh was born in Nigeria and was ordained to the priesthood in 1984. He served as the first bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Katsina-Ala, Nigeria, from 2013 until his death in 2020.


Dominic Kodwo Andoh

Dominic Kodwo Andoh (May 4, 1929 – May 17, 2013) was the Catholic archbishop of the Archdiocese of Accra, Ghana.
Ordained to the priesthood on 23 December 1956. Andoh was consecrated bishop on October 3, 1971, enthroned archbishop in July 1993 and retired in March 2005.


Fred Roach

Frederick Roach (1856–1922) was an Anglican bishop in South Africa in the first quarter of the 20th Century.
Roach was educated at Cheltenham Training College and ordained in 1886. He served at Kwamagwaza, Isandhlwana and Etalaneni before becoming Archdeacon of Eshowe in 1905. In 1913 he became Assistant Bishop of Natal, a post he held until his death.


Dominic Ekandem

Dominic Ignatius Ekandem (1917 – 24 November 1995), was a Roman Catholic cardinal and was the first West African Catholic Bishop. He also founded the Missionary Society of Saint Paul of Nigeria (M.S.P.).
A native of Akwa Ibom State, Ekandem attended several Catholic seminaries before he became a priest. He was ordained on 7 December 1947, and became the first priest from the old Calabar province. His first assignment as bishop was as auxiliary of Calabar from 1953 to 1963. He was Bishop of Ikot Ekpene from 1963 to 1981; during that tenure, in April 1976, he was installed a cardinal. He then became Ecclesiastical Superior of Abuja, and when Abuja became a diocese in 1989, he became its Archbishop (personal title).


Simon Akwali Okafor

Simon Akwali Okafor (November 16, 1934 – August 29, 2014) was a Roman Catholic bishop.
Born in the old Ifiteukpo, now Ifitedunu in Dunukofia Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria on 16th November 1934, to his parents, Ogbuefi Okafor and Ifeoma Okafor (of blessed memory), Bishop Okafor (of blessed memory), was ordained as a priest on 21st July 1963 at the age of 29, by Bishop Godfrey Mary Okoye, C.S.Sp. (of blessed memory)
Okafor was appointed titular bishop of "Augurus" and auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Awka, Nigeria, in 1992.
On 9th September 1994, Bishop Simon Akwali Okafor, was appointed 2nd Catholic Bishop of Awka Diocese at the age of 59+, and retired on 17th April 2010 and the age of 75.
He died on Friday, 29th Aug 2014 at the age of 80, as Bishop Emeritus of Awka, and was buried on Tuesday, 7th October 2014 at the Crept Chapel, St Patrick's Cathedral. Awka.
As a priest, he served as the Secretary to the then Catholic Archbishop of the Old Onitsha Archdiocese (now Cardinal Francis Arinze)
As an educationist, who left indelible footprints, he was a lecturer and a Provost of the former College of Education in Awka.
Notes: Archives by Ifeoma Ezenyilimba of Fides Media Ltd


Miriam Gonczarska

Miriam Gonczarska (born 24 November 1972) is a progressive Jewish spiritual leader who in 2015 received her Semikhah as the first European, and in the same time the first Polish, maharat.
Early life and education.
Gonczarska was born in Warsaw, Poland to the Polish-Jewish family. She is a daughter of Edmund Gonczarski (Mendel Garncarski; 1922–1979), poet and journalist.
In 1994 she graduated of LXI Secondary School in Warsaw. From the beginning of 1990s she has been involved in revival of the Jewish community in Poland: she co-created "Jidele" (magazine for Jewish children), cooperated with "Midrasz" (Jewish cultural monthly magazine), and served as coordinator of educational programs at the Union of Jewish Religious Communities. She also worked as editor of "Kol Polin" – Hebrew language section of Radio Poland ( Polish Radio section for abroad). Her texts has been published also in press like "Więź" (Catholic monthly), "Gazeta Wyborcza", and "Przegląd Powszechny". She has also served as Jewish law and religion expert for the polish television ("Babilon" program for TVN24, "Piąta strona nieba" in Religia.tv, and press ("Wprost" weekly). She worked also worked with Jewish cultural and religious portal Jewish.org.pl.
She is a member, and also serves as Secretary, of the Religious Council of the Union of Jewish Religious Communities of Poland, member of the board of the polish Association of Jewish Women. She also is a member of B'nai B'rith Polska and Jewish Historical Institute Association. Until 2014 she has also served as member of the Revision Board of the Jewish Religious Community in Warsaw. She has also helped creating "Ec Chaim" – reform community by the Religious Jewish Community.
Miraim Gonczarska studied religious thought, and law and Torah in Israel (Nishmat, MaTan, and Pardes Institute of Jewish Studies) and in United States (Yeshiva Maharat). Gonczarska has a maharat (woman spiritual leader) degree received after graduation of 5-year study program of Yeshiva Maharat. She is the first European and Polish Jewish women to gain such degree and maharat title.
Inter-religious dialogue.
Already as a student-member of PUSZ (Polish Union of Jewish Students), Gonczarska often participated in Christian-Jewish events like seminars or study tours organized by PUSZ together with KIK (Club of Catholic Intelligentsia). Her further involvement in Jewish community and studies of Jewish thought, went along her continuous commitment to dialogue between religions, especially with Christianity. She served as member of the board of the Polish Council of Christians and Jews.


Paul Darmanin

Paul Darmanin (born 6 November 1940) is a Maltese catholic prelate who served as the Bishop of Garissa in Kenya from 1984 to 2015.
Darmanin was born in Santa Venera Malta on November 6, 1940. He entered the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin and was ordained to the priesthood on March 26, 1966. In 1984 Pope John Paul II appointed him as the Bishop of Garissa in Kenya. He was consecrated by the Archbishop of Malta Joseph Mercieca and co-consecrated by the Archbishop of Cardiff John Ward and Bishop Biagio Vittorio Terrinoni of Marsi.


Stephen Moreo

Stephen Moreo he is the Bishop of Johannesburg since 2013.
Moreo is from North West Province and studied for the priesthood at St Paul's Anglican seminary, Grahamstown. He was ordained deacon in 1984 and priest in 1985. His first post was at Ikageng. After that, he held incumbencies in Soweto.


Hedwig of Bavaria

Hedwig ( – 19 April 843) was a Saxon noblewoman, the wife of Count Welf and mother-in-law of Emperor Louis the Pious through his marriage to Judith, her daughter.
Life.
She was possibly born at Altdorf in the Frankish lands of Alamannia (present-day Germany). According to Bishop Thegan of Trier, she was a member of the Saxon high nobility, the daughter of Count Isambart. She had a sister, Adalung des Franken; half-brother, Hunfrid I de Recia e de Istria; and a brother, Guelph, Count of Andechs.
In her later life (about 826), she appears as abbess of Chelles near Paris; however, it is uncertain if she had already become a widow by then.
Marriage and issue.
Hedwig married Count Welf I and together they had the following children:
Through her marriage to Welf, she is the matriarch of the dynastic Welf family and is an ancestor of the Carolingian dynasty, the Kings of Italy, Russia, Britain and the Bavarian Welfs.
Hedwig died on 19 April 843 in Bavaria, Frankish Empire and was buried in Bavaria-Landshut.


Dibo Thomas-Babyngton Elango

Dibo Thomas-Babyngton Elango is an Anglican bishop in Cameroon: he is the current Bishop of Cameroon.
MElango was born in Limbe and educated at the Government Teachers's Training College in Kumba. He was ordained deacon in 1999 and priest in 2000. He was enthroned as bishop in April 2008.


John Philip Saklil

John Philip Saklil (20 March 1960 – 3 August 2019) was an Indonesian prelate of the Catholic Church who was Bishop of Timika from 2004 until his death in 2019.
Saklil was born in Kokonao, Indonesia, on 20 March 1960. He studied in Indonesia and the Philippines before being ordained a priest of the Diocese of Jayapura on 23 October 1988. He fulfilled pastoral assignments until 1993 and then studied for three years at the East Asian Pastoral Institute in Manila. Returning to Jayapura, he was vicar general from 1996 to 1999 and then episcopal vicar for the western part of the diocese, based in Timika, from 2000 to 2004.
On 10 January 2004, Pope John Paul II appointed him the first Bishop of newly established Diocese of Timika. He received his episcopal consecration on 18 April.
He died on 3 August 2019.


Prosper Afam Amah

Prosper Afam Amah (born 15 September 1973) is an Anglican bishop in Nigeria: he is the current Bishop of Ogbara, one of nine within the Anglican Province of the Niger, itself one of 14 provinces within the Church of Nigeria.
Amah was born on 15 September 1973 in Uruagu. He is a graduate of Paul University and the University of Nigeria. He reached the post of Archdeacon before consecration, becoming Bishop of Ogbara in 2018.


Gonzalo Ramiro del Castillo Crespo

Gonzalo Ramiro de Jesús María del Castillo Crespo (20 September 1936 – 14 January 2019) was a Bolivian Roman Catholic bishop.
Early life.
del Castilo Crespo was born in Bolivia and was ordained to the priesthood in 1964. He served as titular bishop of "Themisonium" and as auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of La Paz, Bolivia, from 1983 to 2000 and as bishop of the Military Ordinariate of Bolivia from 2000 to 2012.


Old English Martyrology

The Old English Martyrology is a collection of over 230 hagiographies, probably compiled in Mercia, or by someone who wrote in the Mercian dialect of the Old English language, in the second half of the 9th century.
The sources of the Old English Martyrology include the works of Bede, Aldhelm, Eddius, Adomnán, Gregory the Great, and Isidore of Seville, showing that the scribe had access to a significant library. He even have had access to the Syriac "Acts of Mar Milus" or an otherwise unknown Latin translation of it, since he includes the Persian martyr Milus of Susa (15 November). This work could have been brought to England by Theodore of Tarsus.
Five principal manuscripts survive, all fragmentary. Parts of January, and much of February and December are missing. The standard modern edition is by Günter Kotzor, "Das altenglische Martyrologium" (Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, volumes 88/1 and 88/2, 1981). Earlier editions, replaced by Kotzor's work, include Herzfeld's "An Old English Martyrology" (Early English Text Society, no. 116, 1900). An English translation by Christine Rauer became available in 2013.


Ludvig Harboe

Ludvig Harboe (16 August 1709 – 15 June 1783) was a Danish theologian and bishop of the Diocese of Zealand from 1757 until his death.
Harboe was born at Broager Peninsula in Sønderborg, Denmark. He was mostly educated in Germany. He attended gymnasium in Hamburg, where he stayed for two years. Then he studied at the universities of Rostock, Wittenberg and Jena returning home to Broager during 1732. In 1738, Harboe was a priest at Garnisonskirken and in 1739 became a priest at Kastelskirken, both churches in Copenhagen.
Harboe was sent to Iceland in 1741 to inspect the state of the church there on behalf of the Church of Denmark. He initiated some reforms there and while there (in 1743) was appointed to the post of Bishop of the Diocese of Trondhjem. After returning to Copenhagen in 1745, he was consecrated as Bishop and soon left for Trondheim, the seat of his new diocese. He arrived in Trondheim on 1 July 1746 and served there for two more years before leaving the post and returning to Copenhagen.
After returning to Copenhagen in 1748, Harboe married Frederikke Louise Hersleb (1720-1780), the daughter of Peder Hersleb, Bishop of the Diocese of Zealand. He then worked with his new father-in-law in Denmark, and when Hersleb died in 1757, Harboe was appointed to replace him. He served there until his death in 1783.


Muhumusa

Muhumusa (also spelled Muhumuza, Muhumsa, and Nyiragahumusa) was a feared leader of the east African Nyabingi spiritual practice, which was influential in Rwanda and Uganda from 1850 to 1950. Muhumusa is said to have been a medium of the spirit of a legendary African woman, known as Nyabinghi (also spelled Nyabingi and Nyabyinshi). According to some Rwandan sources, her original name was Muserakande, and she was married to and had a son named Biregeya with Kigeri Rwabugiri, the King of Rwanda from 1867 to 1895. Following Rwabugiri's death in 1895 and the coup at Rucunshu in 1896, which was orchestrated by Rwabugiri's favourite wife, Kanjogera, to overthrow his chosen successor, Rutarindwa, and enthrone her son, Musinga, Muserakande allegedly fled north to Mpororo with her son to escape massacre. Other sources, however, claim Muhumusa was originally named Nyakayoga and had been married to Rutarindwa prior to his death.
Spiritual Leadership.
Regardless of the specifics of her affiliation with the Rwandan court, soon after arriving in Mpororo, Muserakande became known as a popular "umugirwa", or medium of Nyabinghi. Oral traditions from the region recognise many possible origins for Nyabingi. The most prominent legends at present attributes Nyabinghi's origins to Kitami, an 18th century Queen of Mpororo kingdom (in modern-day southern Uganda / northern Rwanda), whose murder by her husband, Murari, was followed by a series of natural disasters and other catastrophic events. After her death, any atrocities that happened were considered to be due to Nyabinghi's revenge, while any good things that happened were attributed to her positive interference which she exercised through mediums who had been possessed by her spirit. These possessions led to the emergence of a new religious practice that European colonisers at the time widely referenced as a cult. Adherents provided gifts to Nyabinghi mediums, known collectively as abagirwa, who then spoke with (and for) Nyabinghi to convince the spirit to intervene positively in people's lives.
Resistance.
By claiming spiritual authority through Nyabinghi, Muhumusa was able to rally the Abakiga people of northern Rwanda behind her to challenge to Musinga's claim to the throne. Over the next few years, she raised armies and organised a series of insurrections aimed at enthroning her son, Biregeya, who she claimed was Rwabugiri's legitimate successor. She also encouraged her followers to pay tribute to her, rather than Musinga's court. In response, Musinga asked the German colonisers for help defeating Muhumusa's movement. The Germans arrested her in 1908 for 'witchcraft' and imprisoned her in Bukoba until her escape in 1911. Once again, she fled north where she began rallying her supporters, but this time in defiance of the German and British colonisers who were laying claim to the region, in collaboration with an umutwa leader named Basebya. They were behind the first armed resistances against colonisation in the region, with Muhumusa encouraging their followers not to fear European guns because Nyabinghi would turn the Europeans' bullets into water. Muhumusa's rebellion created a great deal of concern among the European colonisers in the region, and well as the European missionaries who were attempting to spread Christianity, prompting the Germans and British to join forces. On September 29, 1911, they surrounded Muhumusa's forces and, after a short battle, arrested her. The British escorted her to Kampala, where they kept her under house arrest until her death in 1945.


Andrew Dutney

Reverend Professor Andrew Fergus Dutney ( ; born 9 July 1958) is the principal of Uniting College for Leadership and Theology (the Uniting Church in Australia theological college in South Australia) and a past President of the Assembly of the Uniting Church. He took up the position of president on 15 July 2012 on the first day of the Uniting Church's 13th triennial assembly meeting in Adelaide, handing over 12 July 2015 to Mr Stuart McMillan. His installation service took place before around 3000 people at the Adelaide Entertainment Centre. Dutney returned to his previous role as Principal of Uniting College for Leadership and Theology at the conclusion of his term as President.
Early life.
Dutney was born in Charleville in south-west Queensland, the third of five children. He lived there with his family until the age of seven, when the family moved to Brisbane. He attended the Taringa State Primary School and Brisbane Boys' College, after which he studied at the University of Queensland, graduating with a BA in 1981. He married Heather Ann Woods on 17 December 1977. Their only child, Frazer McVeigh Dutney, died in infancy. Dutney was accepted as a candidate for the ministry of the word in 1977 and began training at Trinity Theological College in Brisbane in February 1978. He completed his studies there in November 1980 at the age of 22. After working as the titles clerk at Cannon and Peterson solicitors for nine months, Dutney and his wife relocated to Scotland where he took up post-graduate studies at the University of St Andrews on the east coast of Fife.
Academic career and ordained ministry.
After completing a Postgraduate Diploma in Ecumenical Studies at St Andrews in 1982, Dutney went on to complete his first doctorate in 1985. His Doctor of Philosophy thesis, "The Development of the Understanding of Ministry in the Australian Church Union Negotiations 1957–1971", was awarded the University of St Andrews' Samuel Rutherford Thesis Prize. During his time in Scotland, Dutney also served as a minister at St Andrew's Parish Church, Leven (Church of Scotland). He was ordained to the ministry of the word by the Presbytery of Brisbane while he was serving in Leven at a service conducted in Leven by the Presbytery of Brisbane with the attendance of members of the Church of Scotland presbyteries of Kirkcaldy and St Andrews.
Dutney returned to Australia in 1985 to take up a position as the chaplain at Wesley College and the University of Sydney, as well as minister of the Wesley College Chapel Parish.
In 1989 Dutney moved to Adelaide to take up a position as lecturer in Systematic Theology at Parkin-Wesley College. He took over as principal of the college in 2001 and was the foundation principal when Parkin-Wesley College was reconstituted as the Uniting College for Leadership and Theology in 2009. The Rev. Steve Taylor was appointed principal of the college while Dutney served his term as President of the Assembly.
In 1998 Dutney was appointed as the foundation Director of Flinders University's Centre for Theology, Science & Culture, a position he held until 2001. In 2008 he completed his second doctorate, a Doctor of Education degree at Flinders University. He gained the full academic status of professor in Flinders University's Department of Theology in 2010.
Dutney was also the President of the Adelaide College of Divinity from 2010 to 2012.
Bioethics.
Dutney is a specialist in bioethics. He was a member of several Human Research Ethics committees, including those of the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Hospital and the Adelaide College of Divinity. He was a member of the South Australian Council on Reproductive Technology from 1990 and its chairperson from 1996 to 2005.
In 2001 Dutney's book "Playing God: Ethics and Faith" (2001) was published by HarperCollins. The work was extensively cited by Robert French, who would later become the Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia, in French's scholarly article "Ethics at the Beginning and Ending of Life".
Publications and media.
Dutney is widely published on theology and ethics in both religious and mainstream publications and is a regular media commentator on ethics and spirituality.
Dutney is an interpreter of the history and theology of the Uniting Church. His work "Introducing the Uniting Church in Australia" (The Assembly of the Uniting Church in Australia, 2008) has also been translated into Korean. Dutney is known for his passion for the Uniting Church's founding document, the Basis of Union. His other works include "Manifesto for Renewal: The Shaping of a New Church" (1986), "Food, Sex & Death: A Personal Account of Christianity" (1993), "Playing God: Ethics and Faith" (2001), "Where did the joy come from? Revisiting the Basis of Union" (2001), and "‘A Genuinely Educated Ministry’: Three Studies on Theological Education in the Uniting Church in Australia" (2007, 2nd Edition 2011).
His book "Backyard Theology" (2011) draws on his experience as a regular commentator on ethics and spirituality on the Mornings program on radio station 891 ABC Adelaide with presenters Matthew Abraham and David Bevan.
Musical works.
Dutney has been a gospel singer and recording artist, releasing two albums "Reason to Live" (1978) and "I've Got Eyes" (1980). He has written many songs for worship which are in wide use and published in a variety of resources. Five of his songs are included in "Life Overflowing: 13th Assembly Worship Resources" (2012).