Sandomierz Forest

Sandomierz Forest (Polish: "Puszcza Sandomierska") is one of the biggest forests in southern Poland; covering large parts of the Sandomierz Basin. Its name comes from the historical city of Sandomierz, and in the Middle Ages its eastern edge created a natural border between Lesser Poland and Red Ruthenia.
Currently, the once mighty wilderness, which once stretched from Kraków to Lviv, now extends from Tarnobrzeg in the north, to the suburbs of Rzeszów in the south. It is regarded as one of the wildest forested areas of Poland. Among animals living here, one can find various birds, deer, wild pigs, moles, foxes, wolves, snakes, various spiders and insects. The area of the forest is 129,115.6 hectares, and it is made mostly of pines. Currently, large parts of the forest are covered by the Natura 2000 network (Natura 2000 Puszcza Sandomierska PLB180005). Sandomierz Forest has several small rivers, with the largest one being the Leg, a right tributary of the Vistula. The soil is mostly poor quality podzols. The boundary of the forest is marked by four rivers - the Vistula, the San, the Wisloka, and the Wislok. The forest lies within Subcarpathian Voivodeship; its northern part is located in Tarnobrzeg Plain, while in the south it lies in Kolbuszowa Plateau.
The first modern settlements were established here between the 10th and 12th centuries. During the Mongol invasion of Poland and other Mongol/Tatar raids of the early Kingdom of Poland, residents of Lesser Poland escaped to the dense forest to save themselves from Asiatic hordes. Sandomierz Forest remained sparsely populated until the mid-14th century, when King Kazimierz Wielki initiated a program of mass settlement, founding several towns. In the 15th and 16th centuries, northern and central areas of the forest were settled by peasants from overpopulated province of Mazovia. In the 17th century, during the Swedish invasion of Poland, local residents again escaped to the forest from Swedish, Cossack, Tatar and Transilvanian invaders.
After the Partitions of Poland, the forest became part of Austrian Galicia. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Austrian government invited German-speaking settlers (the so-called Josephine colonization, after Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor). The area turned into a melting pot, where ethnic Poles from Mazovia and Lesser Poland mixed with Germans, Ukrainians, Tatars, Jews, Wallachians and other nationalities. Several local villages were named after different ethnic groups: Rusiny, Moskale, Mazury, Wolochy, Szwedy, Turki, Tatary. In the late 19th century, inhabitants of the wilderness began to call themselves Lasowiacy (or Lesioki).


Luis Brezzo

Luis Brezzo Paredes(March 30, 1939 – September 20, 2002) was a Uruguayan politician belonging to the Colorado party. He was born in Montevideo, Uruguay on March 20, 1939 and studied engineering. He was employed in the banking sector, worked as a journalist, and was director of the Uruguay Association of Bank Employees (AEBU).
In 1994 and 1999 he was elected to the Senate of Uruguay. In 2000 president Jorge Batlle named him Minister of National Defense, where he served until his death on September 20, 2002.


Click Go the Shears

"Click Go the Shears" is a traditional Australian bush ballad. The song details a day's work for a sheep shearer in the days before machine shears.
Song.
The enduring popularity of this song reflects the traditional role that the wool industry has played in Australian life. The song describes the various roles in the shearing shed, including the "ringer", the "boss of the board", the "colonial experience man" and the "tar boy". After the day's shearing, the "old shearer" takes his cheque and heads to the local pub for a drinking session.
The tune is the American Civil War song "Ring the Bell, Watchman" by Henry Clay Work and the first verse follows closely, in parody, Work's lyrics as well. It was actually originally named 'The Bare Bellied Ewe' and only became popular in the 1950s, more than half a century later.
The second verse in the original 19th-century song is as follows:
The usual chorus of the song is as follows:
In June 2013 folklorist Mark Gregory discovered that a version of the song was first published in 1891 in the regional Victorian newspaper the "Bacchus Marsh Express" under the title "The Bare Belled Ewe" and the tune given as "Ring the Bell Watchman." That version was signed "C. C. Eynesbury, Nov. 20, 1891," "Eynesbury" being a rural property located in the Bacchus Marsh area. It is possible that "C.C." was the author of the song.
There was a shearers' strike in 1891 so the publication of the song in that year would have resonated with the Australian community.
The song was next published in 1939 in two Australian newspapers and then in 1946 as a traditional song "collected and arranged" by Reverend Dr. Percy Jones, a professor of music. The lyrics vary widely; "bare-bellied yoe" (yoe is a dialect word for ewe) is often "bare-bellied joe" or even "blue-bellied ewe". The last line in the verse about the "colonial experience" man "smelling like a whore" is often bowdlerised to "smelling like a sewer" or completely rewritten.
The song has been recorded by many artists, notably by the American folk musician Burl Ives in 1958 on his album "Australian Folk Songs". Another version was recorded by the British folklorist A. L. Lloyd. In January 2014 Chloe and Jason Roweth sang the 1891 version of the song for an ABC Television story.
When Australia replaced the pound with the dollar in 1966, a jingle that accompanied the switchover was written in the same tune as this song.


Weidemann GmbH

Weidemann GmbH is a multinational agricultural machinery company based in Diemelsee-Flechtdorf in the district of Waldeck-Frankenberg in Hesse, Germany. It produces Hoftracs, wheel loaders, telescopic wheel loaders and telehandlers, which are preferably used on farmland for feeding, scattering, fertilising, loading and stacking. The company has sites in Diemelsee-Flechtdorf and Korbach, and is part of the Wacker Neuson group.
History.
Maschinenfabrik Weidemann KG was founded in 1960 in Diemelsee-Flechtdorf (Hesse, Germany). From 1960 to 1972, the company focused on production of farmyard equipment and dung removal equipment. In 1972, Weidemann invented the Hoftrac farm crane. This small, articulated machine was specifically designed for narrow and low farmyard buildings.
In 1979, the company was renamed as Weidemann GmbH & Co. KG. Weidemann continued to expand over the next few years. In the early 1990s, the first foreign affiliate was established in the Netherlands and operations commenced at plant III in Gotha (Thuringia, Germany).
In 2005, the company then known as Wacker Construction Equipment AG (now Wacker Neuson SE) acquired Weidemann. This involved a further expansion of production capacity. The production plant in Korbach was completed in 2007. Since then, Weidemann GmbH has been a wholly owned affiliate of Wacker Neuson SE.
Weidemann machines are sold in over 30 countries worldwide by in-house organisations in close cooperation with specialist dealers. Since 1960, Weidemann has produced more than 65,000 machines (up to 2011).


Christian Hansen Tandberg

Christian Hansen Tandberg (28 October 1872 – 1951) was a Norwegian farmer and politician for the Agrarian Party.
He was born at Nykirke in Modum as a son of farmer Hans Christiansen Tandberg (1841–1905) and his wife Ingeborg, née Kittilsdatter (1834–1919). He took petty officer training in the field artillery from 1893 to 1896, and worked as a policeman in Drammen until 1901, when he took over the family farm. He also continued on the military books, reaching the rank of lieutenant in 1930. He was a member of Modum municipal council from 1910 to 1916, 1919 to 1928 and 1931 to 1934, and served as deputy mayor from 1922 to 1925. He was also a member of the school board from 1906 to 1912. He was elected to the Parliament of Norway in 1933, representing the constituency of Buskerud. He served one term.


Domaine Raveneau

Domaine Raveneau is a French wine grower and producer. It is based in the Chablis wine region of Burgundy, France.
History.
François Raveneau established the domaine in 1948 by combining vineyards that he had purchased with vineyards owned by the family of his wife, who was part of the Dauvissat wine family.
François was the first member of his family to bottle his own wine; previously the grapes had been sold to other estates to use. François's father, Louis Raveneau had previously owned a number of parcels of land in Chablis, but sold them all during the 1950s. Chablis was going through a difficult economic period due to increased competition from the Languedoc wine region which reduced the demand for Chablis, decimation of the vineyards from phylloxera and the interruption in production due to World War II. François still saw the potential of the region and took advantage of low land prices in the 1960s and 1970s to expand the estate, including parcels in some of the Chablis Grand cru vineyards.
Raveneau had developed a good reputation for their wine within France by the 1970s. A wine importer from the United States, Kermit Lynch, had tasted their wine at Taillevent restaurant in Paris and phoned the estate to try to arrange a visit with the domaine, but was told by François that they were not interested in exporting and then hung up. It took a number of years to convince François to export his wine, but Lynch was eventually successful and began to bring the wines into the United States in the early 1980s, giving the estate its first significant international exposure.
The current proprietor of the estate is Jean-Marie Raveneau, who started working at the estate in 1978 after having studied at the Lycée viticole de Beaune and took over the winemaking role full-time in 1984. His father François continued to assist until his retirement in 1988. Jean-Marie is assisted by Bernard Raveneau, his elder brother who joined the estate in 1995.
François Raveneau died in 2000.
Wines.
The domaine holds 9.29 hectares of vineyard land planted entirely with Chardonnay grapevines, in Chablis. The wines are harvested entirely by hand, Raveneau is one of only five estates in Chablis to still use this method.
No new oak barrels are used to make the wines. The wines are fermented in stainless steel and then aged in barrels with an average age of seven to eight years, for twelve to eighteen months.
Raveneau owns sections of three Chablis Grand cru vineyards. These holdings are 0.54 hectares in Les Clos, 0.60 hectares in Blanchots and 0.75 hectares in Valmur.
Further land is owned within six Chablis Premier cru vineyards. The largest holding is Montée de Tonnerre, with 3.20 hectares, followed by Butteaux with 1.50 hectares. The other four are Foret with 0.60 hectares, Vaillons with 0.50 hectares, Montsmains with 0.35 hectares and Chapelot with 0.30 hectares.
There is also a newly acquired 0.95 hectare parcel of village classified Chablis, on the opposite side of the Vaillons slope. The first vintage from this plot was harvested in 2007.


American Humane

American Humane (AH) is an organization founded in 1877, committed to ensuring the safety, welfare and well-being of animals. It was previously called the International Humane Association, before changing its name in 1878. In 1940, it became the sole monitoring body for the humane treatment of animals on the sets of Hollywood films and other broadcast productions. American Humane is best known for its trademarked certification "No Animals Were Harmed", which appears at the end of film or television credits where animals are featured. It has also run the Red Star Animal Emergency Services since 1916. In 2000, American Humane formed the Farm Animal Services program, an animal welfare label system for food products. American Humane is currently headquartered in Washington, D.C. It is a section 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization.
Early history.
American Humane began on October 9, 1877, as "The International Humane Association," with the amalgamation of 27 organizations from across the United States after a meeting at the Kennard House in Cleveland, Ohio. The invitation to the other groups came from the Illinois Humane Society, sent on September 15, 1877, to discuss the specific problem of farm animal maltreatment during their transport between the eastern and western US. Groups attending the meeting included associations from the State of New York, Illinois, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Maryland, Connecticut, and New Hampshire. A group from Minnesota also pledged its support to the forthcoming results of the conference, though they could not attend, and a group from the Canadian province of Quebec requested the a transcript proceedings be sent to them afterward.
The International Humane Association changed its name to the "American Humane Association" in November 1878. New member organizations were in attendance for their second annual general meeting, held in Baltimore, Maryland, also came from California, Massachusetts, Maine, Delaware, and the District of Columbia. Canadian regions were also included in the Association. From 1892-1900, Francis H. Rowley was Secretary of the American Humane Association.
In 1916, American Humane founded Red Star Rescue Relief after the U.S. Secretary of War asked American Humane to rescue injured horses on the battlefields of World War 1. Notable members of 1917 included President William O. Stillman and 2nd Vice-President Peter G. Gerry. There were 36 Vice-Presidents listed including William Howard Taft, Thomas R. Marshall and Francis H. Rowley.
In 1954, tensions within the ranks of American Humane members came to a head at the organization's annual meeting, as a member-nominated slate of board candidates stood for office in opposition to a board-nominated slate. The majority of those assembled at the Atlanta, Georgia, convention elected the three candidates on the member-nominated slate, J. Perry, Raymond Naramore, and Roland Smith. In the meeting's aftermath, there were firings and resignations on the part of staff members, including Larry Andrews, Marcia Glaser, Helen Jones, and Fred Myers. This core group went on to found a new organization, the National Humane Society, later known as The Humane Society of the United States, as an alternative to American Humane.
American Humane's first "No Animals Were Harmed" end credit was issued at the end of the movie "The Doberman Gang" in 1972.
In 1997, American Humane launched The Front Porch Project in order to prevent child abuse and neglect.
Charity evaluations.
American Humane is a BBB accredited charity. American Humane also received a B+ rating from CharityWatch.
Red Star Animal Emergency Services.
According to "The Gettysburg Times", the "American Humane Association began offering animal relief in August, 1916, by accepting an invitation of the War Department to help animals used by the U.S. Army during WWI. The invitation resulted in the development of the American Red Star Animal Relief Program known today as Red Star Rescue Relief. Since its inception, the American Humane Association's Red Star Animal Emergency Services has responded to national and international disasters, rescuing thousands of animals." Disasters where the group has rescued animals include the 2011 Joplin tornado, Hurricane Katrina, the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Hurricane Sandy, the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, and the September 11 attacks.
Today, Red Star Rescue Relief includes a fleet of emergency response vehicles customized to help animals in disasters, as well as specialized rescue equipment designed specifically for animal search and rescue.
Recently, Red Star Rescue Relief saved hundreds of shelter animals following an F-5 tornado in Oklahoma. In addition to natural disasters, Red Star Rescue Relief also recovers animals from dog-fighting rings, man-made disasters, and hazardous animal shelters.
Publications.
American Humane has released several books and publications including:
Work in the film industry.
Film and television unit.
American Humane began its work in film in 1940 after an incident that occurred on the set of the film "Jesse James". The group began protesting the public release of the film because of a scene in which a horse was forced to run off the edge of a cliff. The horse fell over 70 feet to the ground below and broke its spine, having to be put down afterwards. In 1966, American Humane's access to some sets was diminished for 14 years following the dismantling of the Hays Office, during which time their jurisdiction was lessened.
By contract with the Screen Actors Guild, American Humane monitors animal use on film sets. However, the Screen Actors Guild has no jurisdiction concerning non-American and non-union productions.
In 1980, following the release of "Heaven's Gate", the opening of which was met with a national picketing and protest effort after complaints about how the filming of the movie had involved the inhumane treatment of animals – including the deaths of five horses – the Screen Actors Guild negotiated for the universal presence of American Humane on the set as part of its union deal, forcing moviemakers to contact American Humane in advance of any animal being present on set.
Today the American Humane Film and Television Unit specifically oversees animals used during media productions, and it is sanctioned by the Screen Actors Guild to oversee a production's humane care of animals. It is the only organization with jurisdiction to do so within the United States. Because of this, American Humane may choose to issue the end credit disclaimer "No Animals Were Harmed", with a piece of a filmstrip that depicts a dog, a horse and an elephant. American Humane also reports on animal safety during filming if public concerns arise or if animal accidents happen on the set. American Humane protects the animals on the set as well as the cast/crew members who interact with the animals. According to American Humane, they ensure that budgets and time constraints do not compromise the safety or care of the animals.
Guidelines.
American Humane's standard of animal care is outlined in the Guidelines for the Safe Use of Animals in Filmed Media, which were established in 1988. It covers large animals, as well as fish, insects, birds, reptiles, and any other living creature. On the set, American Humane's Certified Animal Safety Representatives attempt to ensure the Guidelines are upheld. American Humane's oversight includes film, television, commercials, music videos, and Internet productions.
Criticism.
In the late 1980s, American Humane was accused by Bob Barker and the United Activists for Animal Rights of condoning animal cruelty on the set of "Project X" and in several other media projects. The basis of the accusation was the allowing of a cattle prod and a gun on set, and the rumored beating of the chimpanzee on set. American Humane responded by launching a $10 million suit for libel, slander and invasion of privacy against Barker. American Humane claimed that there had been a two-year "vendetta" against them behind the accusations. In a series of public advertisements along with the $10 million libel suit, American Humane stated that the allegations were made based on insufficient and misleading information. The suit was eventually settled by Barker's insurance company, which paid American Humane $300,000.
"Los Angeles Times" reported, in 2001, that the American Humane Film Unit "has been slow to criticize cases of animal mistreatment, yet quick to defend the big-budget studios it is supposed to police," and that an examination of American Humane "also raises questions about the association's effectiveness." The article cites numerous cases of animals injured during filming which the American Humane may have overlooked.
In late 2013, "The Hollywood Reporter" ran a story which implicated American Humane in turning a blind eye to and underreporting incidents of animal abuse on television and movie sets. For example, during the filming of "", 27 animals died. Nevertheless, the movie received a "no animals were harmed" disclaimer. During the filming of the movie "Life of Pi", the tiger "King" nearly drowned in a pool, yet this incident was not reported outside of the American Humane organization.
In early 2017, CNN reported that American Humane's representative for the movie "A Dog's Purpose" failed to properly monitor and protect a dog used in the film. American Humane placed an employee on leave after a video was published showing the dog in distress while performing a stunt for the movie. A third-party report later found that the video was "deliberately edited for the purpose of misleading the public and stoking public outrage."
Recent programs.
Humane Heartland.
In 2000, American Humane's Farm Animals Services program created the first farm animal welfare label to be overseen by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The program began as "Free Farmed" under Adele Douglass, who left American Humane in 2003, to found Humane Farm Animal Care. American Humane's program is now called "Humane Heartland."
American Humane certifies farms after evaluating them on a five-point criteria. The animals are expected to be free from hunger, discomfort, pain, and fear, and able to express normal behaviors. Farms that meet this criteria receive an American Humane Certified label.
In the past four years, the number of American Humane Certified animals has jumped more than 1,000%. Over 1 billion animals are now American Humane Certified. As of July 2012, it claimed to include 100 major producers, representing approximately 500 farms, and more than 135 million animals. The auditing is done by American Humane, with the USDA also auditing the certifications to ensure compliance. The label informs purchasers that American Humane has found that the animals were not subjected to unnecessary pain, distress, or fear while being raised. Part of what the program demands is the implementation of minimum space requirements per animal on a farm or in farming facilities. American Humane currently certifies approximately 90 percent of cage-free eggs sold in the U.S.
Controversy.
In 2013, Foster Farms earned the American Humane Certified designation from American Humane for its handling of poultry. In June 2015, Mercy for Animals released a video of an undercover investigation of several Foster Farms poultry facilities certified as "humane" by American Humane. The footage included workers treating the chickens violently and using inhumane slaughter methods; this resulted in Mercy for Animals calling American Humane's certification program "a scam".
The American Humane Hero Dog Awards.
Each year a series of dogs are awarded the Hero Dog Awards, given to dogs that have contributed substantially to human society. There are several categories in which dogs can be nominated, including the Military Dog category. The grand prize for the American Hero Dog was $10,000, which is given to a charity that reflects the contributions of the animal. In 2011 and 2012 the awards were broadcast on the Hallmark Channel. The first winner of the national award was a dog named Roselle, who led his blind owner down from the 78th floor of the World Trade Center during the September 11 attacks. There were more than 400,000 votes cast in the online poll that determined the winner. Unfortunately, Roselle died several months before the winner was announced. The award was given on November 11, 2011.
Child welfare services.
American Humane has several initiatives to improve child welfare services.
Front Porch Project.
American Humane launched the Front Porch Project in 1997 in order to prevent child abuse and neglect. American Humane works through 'sustainer' organizations in local communities in order to intervene on behalf of at-risk and abused children.
In addition to building a network of community trainers, the Front Porch Project also invests in evaluating the performance of their initiatives in each of the communities they operate in.
The Fatherhood Initiative.
American Humane launched the Fatherhood Initiative in order to develop better methods of engaging non-resident fathers with children who are in the welfare system. The project researches the impact of non-resident fathers on their children, and examines how to foster or improve their relationship.
The Fatherhood Initiative also provides information to caseworkers on techniques to identify and locate non-resident fathers.
Governance and finances.
American Humane's budget for 2013 was just over $13 million. Their total revenue was $13.4 million.
The organization closed its Denver, Colorado office in 2011 and moved its operations to Washington, D.C.
Eric Bruner, the board chair of the organization, resigned in January 2013 amidst revelations that American Humane paid $233,863 to his business partner, Gregory Dew, for unspecified consulting services. Dew was the highest paid American Humane "independent contractor" in the fiscal year that ended June 30, 2011, according to filings the charity submitted to the IRS
Employees.
In 2004, Marie Belew Wheatley became executive director of American Humane. In 2010, she left to become the executive director of the Colorado Ballet, and then left the Colorado Ballet in 2013.
Current American Humane President and CEO Robin Ganzert received $284,912 in compensation for 2013. Jack Hubbard serves as American Humane's Chief Operating Officer.
Sources.
Coleman, Sydney. Humane Society Leaders in America (Albany: American Humane Association, 1924).


List of English dishes

This is a list of prepared dishes characteristic of English cuisine. English cuisine encompasses the cooking styles, traditions and recipes associated with England. It has distinctive attributes of its own, but also shares much with wider British cuisine, partly through the importation of ingredients and ideas from North America, China, and India during the time of the British Empire and as a result of post-war immigration.
Ingredients that might be used to prepare these dishes, such as English vegetables, cuts of meat, or cheeses do not themselves form part of this list.


Wellshot Station

Wellshot Station is a pastoral lease that operates as a sheep station. It is located about south of Ilfracombe and north of Jundah in Queensland, Australia.
History.
The station was established in 1872 when Alexander Buchanan acquired of land which formed the initial station. Buchanan sought financial assistance from Scottish and New Zealand backers to develop the property and build permanent waterholes. The backers were "The New Zealand and Australia Land Company" based in Scotland, and the name "Wellshot" was taken from a major shareholder's estate near Glasgow.
In 1876, the property had an estimated size of running westward to the Thomson River and Westlands Station, bordered by Darling Downs to the south and Beaconsfield Station to the north.
Neither the river or creeks are perennial and even if they were it would still be too long a distance to the centre of the run to make it useful. The average rainfall is , but at irregular times, so water was a priority. The station manager set to work and constructed many dams and tanks to capture as much rainfall as practicable. 48 reservoirs with a volume of were excavated. Several bores were sunk as far to find water, giving a regular supply of 1.3 million gallons.
In 1881 and again in 1884, the area was struck by drought resulting in terrible stock losses.
A total of 27 stockmen from Wellshot moved the biggest ever single mob of sheep when a flock of 43,000 were droved through the area in 1886.
Industrial trouble arose at Wellshot later in 1886 during shearing when shearers would not accept conditions proposed by the employer and promptly went on strike. News of the strike spread swiftly through surrounding districts and the men marched on Blackall, the centre of Queensland via Portland Downs, Isis Downs and Thornleigh until over 600 men had joined in. As a result, the Shearers' Union was born.
In the early 1890s approximately were resumed in accordance with the Land Act, leaving of "excellent grazing country". The resumed portions, mostly along the northern and western boundaries, were put up for selection and eagerly acquired. The townsites of Ilfracombe and Longreach were amongst the resumed portions.
In 1892, Wellshot was known as the biggest sheep station in the world, not because of the area it occupied but because of the number of sheep it ran: 460,000. So important was the property that Ilfracombe was known as Wellshot until 1890. 40,000 two-year-old wethers were sold off from the property later the same year.
An epic drove was performed by the Tibbett brothers in the 1890s when they droved a flock of 30,000 ewes from Wellshot to Roma, a distance of over , in search of grass for the stock. The sheep were all shorn in Roma and lambing started as relieving rains came to Wellshot. The flock was brought back with an additional 3,000 lambs.
In 1897, there was a flock of 387,000 merino sheep on the property which had produced 5801 bales of wool.
A serious bushfire broke out resulting from lightning strike at the property in 1918. The glare could be seen from Springlea homestead, some distant.
James Inglis was the station manager from 1906 to 1925. He had joined the New Zealand and Australian Land company Limited in 1888 and worked at both Wellshot and Eddington Station before returning to Wellshot to manage the property. Inglis's son Eric Ronald (3 June 1898 – 16 February 1991) later documented life on the station in a memoir: "When we arrived at Wellshot many of the facilities were run down and below standard, and Father had much renovation and rebuilding work done. This was greatly appreciated. There were usually about five or six jackaroos at the station, as well as an overseer, book keeper, blacksmith, engineer, horse boy, a head musterer and about seven musterers, and a married couple. The male half of the married couple would cook and his wife would do all the housekeeping at the station.". Eric Inglis served with the 11th Light Horse Regiment in World War I and wrote a memoir titled "Days Long Since".
William Clarkson was the next manager who remained at Wellshot until 1933.
A station hand, Reuben Hunt, died at Wellshot shortly after being bitten a caterpillar during his lunch break in 1935. The caterpillar had fallen into his shirt as he sat under a tree then bitten him, he was swiftly covered in a painful rash and started vomiting. He was taken to the homestead but died en route to the hospital in Longreach. Later that year in June, 50,000 sheep were moved from the property in 400 railway trucks and sent off to Boatman Station. In December of the same year the area was strock by a heatwave with the station recording a maximum temperature of .
The lease for Wellshot expired in 1948, so the New Zealand and Australian Land Company had to truck about 30,000 sheep from the property in readiness to allow the station to be cut up for closer settlement. Later the same year the station was hit by a storm and suffered significant damage from cyclonic gales and heavy hail. The manager, Mr MacIntyre, reported the hail tore holes in the iron roofs and was packed to a depth of one foot on the verandah.
An unstocked homestead block on the station was sold for £35,000 in 1953. The purchasers were the Gordon brothers of Gordonvale, another Wellshot selection.
Museum.
The Wellshot Centre at 6-10 McMaster Drive, Ilfracombe () is a museum dedicated to the history of the Wellshot Station.


Herlufsholm School

Herlufsholm School () is a private day and boarding school by the River Suså in Næstved, about 80 kilometers south of Copenhagen. Herlufsholm was founded in 1565 as a boarding school for "sons of noble and other honest men" on the site of a former Benedictine monastery from the 12th century.
Herlufsholm has been co-educational since the 1960s for day students, as of 1985 for boarding pupils. The student body currently exceeds 600 students, of which approximately 275 students are boarders who lived in the dormitories. The pupils follow a 10-day programme with lessons on Saturdays followed by 3-day weekends. The school offers a range of education: from 6th grade in the Danish lower-secondary school; the optional 10th grade; the three grades in upper-secondary school and the international programs: a preparatory class (1–2 year) with IGCSE exams and the International Baccalaureate Programme.
The founding of the school.
Herlufsholm is built on the site of a Benedictine monastery, founded in 1135, of which the church and a few other remnants are preserved and in daily use by the students and staff. The monastery was originally called Sct. Peder’s Monastery, but over the years it became known as Skovkloster. It was seized by King Christian III of Denmark during the Reformation in Denmark–Norway and Holstein in 1536. The king allowed the monks to remain, and the last monk left the monastery in 1559 in favour of another monastery in the close by city of Sorø.
Danish naval officer and hero, Admiral of the Fleet Herluf Trolle (1516–1565) and his wife Birgitte Gøye (1511–1574) took possession of the monastery in 1560 in exchange of their home Hillerødsholm (which later became Frederiksborg Palace). The couple changed the name into Herlufsholm and founded the school in May 1565, but Herluf Trolle never saw their dream materialise because he was fatally wounded on sea during the Great Northern War; he died in Copenhagen in June 1565.
School buildings.
Herlufsholm has evolved over a couple of centuries, with many characteristic changes in the past 50 years. The school campus still retains a Gothic appearance thanks to the former abbey church and the adjoining building, "Klosterbygningen" ("Monastery Building"), of which the only original part remaining is the cellars – the present building is from the 1870s. "Klosterbygningen" consists of the church (in which the students gather in the morning), two dining halls, a ballroom, the provost apartment, music studies, washing facilities and other amenities.
The second largest building is "Skolebygningen" ("School Building") which contains two dormitories and some classrooms. Up until the middle of the 20th century most of the teaching took place here, but now less than half the school's classrooms are located here.
The third most important building is "Museumsbygningen" ("Museum Building"), which contains another two dormitories, the science department, the biology department and the school's collection of historical scientific apparatus and specimens of animal species, many now endangered, in a collection dating back to the 1870s.
The campus also holds a library from 1911, a small hospital, the principal's house, a few house for teachers and various other service and administrative buildings.
The rest of the classrooms are located in "Gymnasiefløjen" where the teaching of the secondary school pupils takes place. The Gymnasium Building is connected to the principal's office, the staffroom and "Helenhallen", which is the second largest gym, also containing a stage.
The 10 school houses are:
The newest dormitory "Bodil-Gården" finished construction in 2010, houses the youngest boarding pupils, and is one of the three mixed-gender dorms along with "Lassengården" and "Vuggestuen."
School spirit.
Because of its origin as a monastery, the pupils are referred to internally as disciples; but they are also called "Herlovianere" (Herlovians) and former students are thereby "Gammelherlovianere" (Old Herlovians). The members of teaching staff go by the name "hører" which is Danish for "hearer" and many of them gain nicknames that some even go by in the classrooms. The headmaster and his wife are known as "Heis and Mia" respectively. A number of senior year students are appointed prefects in every house.
A day at Herlufsholm is structured around the three daily meals, school before and after midday, and the private 2 hour study session on either side of the evening dinner; boarding students furthermore have specific timings for going to bed depending on their year. Every morning after the first session of lectures, the school gathers in the church or the gym hall to get an update on current matters of interest and sing from their personal songbooks.
The Uniform.
Herlufsholm is the only school in Denmark with a compulsory uniform.
Every student for 6th to 12th grade, boarding as day students must wear the uniform in school - except at gym class where a sports uniform is used. The school has two uniform systems: Half and Full Galla.
Students are bound to wear jackets on special occasions, e.g. exams and traditional festivities, but many choose to do so on other days as well for practical reasons such as cold weather. Students in middle-school, 6th-9th, wear a double-buttoned blazer, while students in the preparatory class (10th grade) as well as all high school students wear the single-row, school blazer with the Gøye arms on the chest.
All students have to buy the two school ties, which they are obliged to wear with their blazer. The ""Herlovianerslips" "(Herlovian Tie) is coloured in blue and silver/white diagonal stripes running down the tie from the wearer's left. The ""Gøyeslips" " (Gøye Tie) is full colored, dark blue tie with the Gøye family crest, three pilgrims' scallops. Previously, there existed a corresponding ""Trolleslips" " (Trolle Tie) with the Trolle family crest, a beheaded, red troll; but it has gone out of production for reasons unknown.
"Half Galla".
Half Galla is the ordinary day uniform, dating back to the 1950s, used in school as well as less formal festivities. The uniform is centered on a sky blue, button-down shirt with the Gøye family crest on the chest pocket. Students are free to combine this shirt with charcoal-grey or blue pants/skirts and pullovers - light color variations are banned and so is black. Though, denim is not accepted in class, the students are otherwise free to wear clothes of their liking as long as it is without large prints, patterns and logos. Furthermore, students are allowed to wear classic coats, sensible black footwear and inconspicuous belts.
The correct half galla, consists of the Herlovianerslips on the blue school shirt, charcoal grey pants and school blazer. This uniform is for instance used at the Fugleskydning and final exams.
In senior year, corresponding to 12th grade, male students wear a peaked cap with a pilgrims' scallop on oak leaves, and white pants as was previously tradition among senior navy cadets. Female students wear a dark blue sailor hat made of straw with a white band and tails, and a white, high waisted, floor-length dress with pleats and gold buttons. Prefects, all senior year, wear the Trolle crest instead of the Gøye shield worn by the rest of the school.
"Full Galla".
Full Galla is the uniform used in festivities and solemnity. The correct full galla, consists of a dark blue, double-breasted suit or with a comely skirt, and the Gøyeslips on a white shirt. This uniform is used at the Trollemorgen and formal school dinner parties, where the tie is replaced with a bowtie for boys; or as a whole for girls who wear galla dresses.
In senior year, male students often wear a white bowtie, especially at graduation where the white corresponds nicely with the Danish student cap.
"Herlovianersproget".
A unique thing about the school is that the students have developed their own language called the "herlovianersprog". Words are created by simply taking the first and last syllables of a word and making a portmanteau of the two. So for instance, "skolebygning" ("school building") becomes "skygning". Only imagination limits the possible words.
Even though the language is exclusively used at Herlufsholm, some words have been adapted into Danish. For instance "svælling" (cygnet), which had not previously featured as a word in Danish, is originally Herlovian for Svane + Ælling (Swan + duckling). So far two dictionaries have been published.
Traditions.
Herlufsholm has a long list of traditions. The two biggest events of the year are:
Trolle-morgen.
"Trolle-morgen" is on January 14 being the founder's birthday, is a major event, as many old students return to the school on that day to commemorate their founding father in the dark hour of early morning.
Fugleskydning.
"Fugleskydning" ("bird-shooting") in mid-August starts the new school year. It is a tradition dating back to the latter part of the 19th century. Old and new students meet at the school to shoot down a wooden bird on a pole with bows and arrows.
Notable Herlovians.
Academia
Arts and culture
Government and Politics
Military
Others


Webster Limited

Webster Limited is Australia's fourth oldest business and was founded in 1831 by Alexander Webster, just 28 years after the settlement of Van Diemen's Land. Founded as a traditional pastoral house, Webster Limited is now a diversified food and agribusiness. Webster Limited acquired the Riverina walnut assets from Gunns Limited in 2010 and is now Australia and the southern hemisphere's largest walnut grower through its ownership and/or management of more than 2,200ha of orchards in Tasmania and the Riverina.
Webster has since diversified into cotton and livestock following their 116 million purchase of the 40,000-hectare prime Riverina cropping aggregation, "Kooba", in 2010.
Acquisition and de-listing from ASX.
All capital in Webster has been acquired by the Canadian Public Sector Pension Investment Board (PSP Investments). PSP Investments have added the assets of Webster Limited to their stable of Australian agricultural investments including investments in the major Queensland based nut producer Stahmann Farms Enterprises (SFE).
On 21 February 2020 PSP delisted Webster from the Australian Securities Exchange.


Geoff McLaren

Geoffrey Thomas McLaren (1 February 1921 – 30 January 1992) was an Australian politician. Born in Koroit, Victoria, he was educated at state schools before becoming a shearer. In the 1950s he moved to Murray Bridge in South Australia, where he later became a poultry farmer. In 1970, he was elected to the Australian Senate as a Labor Senator for South Australia. He held the seat until his retirement in 1983. McLaren died in 1992.


Albrecht Thaer

Albrecht Daniel Thaer (; 14 May 1752 – 26 October 1828) was a renowned German agronomist and an avid supporter of the humus theory for plant nutrition.
Biography.
Family and early life.
 Albrecht Daniel Thaer was born in Celle, a neat little town in Hanover, on 14 May 1752. His father, Johann Friedrich Thaer, was physician to the Court, and born in Liebenwerda, in Saxony; his mother, Sophie Elisabeth, was the daughter of J. Saffe, receiver of rents and taxes of the district of Celle. Albert was the first born, and had three sisters, Christine, Albertine, and Wilhelmine, of which the first died in infancy, the second was married to Captain Schweppe, and the youngest to the well-known privy councillor, Doctor Jacobi.
At the University of Göttingen he finished his medical studies, and afterwards practised medicine in his native place. In 1786, he married the daughter of a nobleman, one Miss Von Wellich.
The garden attached to his house, where he amused himself with cultivating flowers, gave rise to his agricultural celebrity; the taste for the culture of flowers led him gradually to that of agriculture; he bought a larger lot of sixteen acres, and executed on it his plans. It was soon the attraction of everybody, for the collection of rare plants and beautiful walks, fine orchards, and the different kinds of clover and grass. His success in the culture of various plants, stimulated him to buy a more extensive tract of land.
Early career as physician.
About that time, just when he was at the point of giving up his profession and devoting his time to agriculture alone, he received from London his patent, as physician to his majesty George the Third. This honor came unexpectedly, and he could not withdraw himself at once from his profession, but began by degrees to resign his practice, and continued his favorite occupation, the improvement of agriculture, with the view of establishing an experimental farm. He paid great attention to the culture of herbage fodder, root crops, and especially potatoes; which latter root he most vehemently defended against its numerous adversaries and assailants.
Career as agriculturist.
His work on English husbandry appeared soon after, and was well received in Germany and in England. His fame as an agriculturist who applied science to practice, spread over all Europe. His plan of establishing a school was at last executed, and attracted many visitors of distinction. The king of Prussia Frederick William III was exceedingly anxious to have Thaer's services, invited him to reside within his kingdom, and granted him the following advantages:
These privileges and honors were too tempting. He accepted the king's offer, and left Celle for Berlin; took possession of the 400 acres; sold it immediately, and bought the present landed estates Moegelin, and obtained all the privileges of a nobleman.
It was in June, 1804, that he took possession of Moegelin. The loss of his flocks by rot and the French wars, were great calamities, especially in the commencement of his operations; but he conquered all difficulties by perseverance; and in 1806 the academy was opened. Twenty pupils inscribed their names immediately; the number increased with every year. He distinguished himself in the improvement of wool; his flocks were superior to any in Prussia. His written works increased his fame, and the sovereigns of Russia, Prussia and many others sent him their orders of knighthood. He. purchased additional property for his younger son Albrecht Philipp Thaer, the later proprietor of Moegelin, who was entirely devoted to agricultural pursuits.
Death.
In the year 1828, he had a severe attack of rheumatism, and his health began to decline; in 1827, his eyesight failed entirely. His sufferings were great, but he bore them with fortitude and resignation, and at last, on 28 October 1828 in Wriezen, death put an end to his pains.
Thaer is buried in his garden, opposite the family dwelling, on the shore of a small clear pond, among the trees which he planted himself, "his children," as he called them. His tomb is under the eves of a chapel. No cold, huge block of marble tells you that here lies father Thaer; but above his grave rises a pyramid of flowers which with their fragrance arrest the attention of visitors, and point with their rich colored petals to the grave, where the man lies who loved them, and who spent his life among them, watching their mysterious habits, to catch a glimpse of the Great Mother's secret operations. Over his grave the ornaments of nature's rich temple mourn for their departed friend. His consort lies by his side surrounded by shrubs and trees.
Nowadays there is a grave memorial in Möglin in Brandenburg, Germany, see image.
Work.
Albrecht Thaer was the first Agricultural scientist, who arranged the existing facts and theory of agriculture in a proper system. His works are highly valued among all agriculturists, and in his time referred to as a magazine of solid truths.
Thaer's Agricultural School.
The Albrecht-Thaer-Schule in Celle was founded by Thaer early 19th century. In 1802 Thaer had founded in Celle in the "Dammasch-Wiesen", the first German Agricultural Training Institute (today Thaer's Garden ). There among others he experimented with rotation to improve the yield. In 1804, he joined the Prussian service. In the same year he founded the first German Agricultural Academy (Agricultural Academy Möglin) in Möglin manor house. In 1819 the academy was renamed Royal Prussian Academy of agriculture. Among the professors were Georg Ernst Wilhelm Crome from 1808 until 1813, Franz Körte from 1814 to 1830, and Philipp Albrecht Thaer from 1830 until its inclusion in the Berlin Agricultural Training Institute in 1861.
In the year 1804, the King of Prussia had invited Thaer to settle in his dominions, and gave him the estate of Mogelin, situated about forty-five miles from Berlin, consisting of 1,200 acres, to manage as a pattern farm. He erected extensive buildings for himself, three professors, a variety of tradesmen, and the requisite agricultural buildings. The three professors were — one for Mathematics, Chemistry and Geology, one for Veterinary Knowledge, and a third for Botany and Entomology; an experienced agriculturist was also engaged, whose office it was to point out to the pupils the mode of applying the sciences to the practical business of husbandry.
The course commerced in September. During the winter months, the time is occupied in mathematics, and the first six books of Euclid were studied: and in the summer, the geometrical knowledge was practically applied to the measurement of land, timber, buildings, and other objects. The first principles of chemistry were unfolded. By a good but economical apparatus, various experiments were made, both on a large and small scale. For the larger experiments, the brew-house and stilLhouse with their respective fixtures were found highly useful.
Much attention was paid to the analysation of various soils, and the different kinds, with the relative quantity of their component parts, were arranged with great order and regularity. The classification was made with neatness, by having the specimens of soil arranged in order, and distinguished by different colours. Thus, for instance, if the basis of the soil is sandy, the glass has a cover of yellow paper; if the next predominating earth is calcareous, the glass has a white ticket on its side; if it was red clay, it had a red ticket; if blue clay, a blue one. Over these tickets, others, of a smaller size, indicate by their colour the third greatest quantity of the particular substance contained in the soil. This matter may appear to many more ingenious than useful, and savouring too much of the German habit of generalising. The classification of Von Thaer was, however, as much adopted, and as commonly used on the large estates in Germany, where exact statistical accounts were kept, as the classification of Linnaeus in natural history is throughout the civilised world.
There was a large botanic garden, arranged on the system of the Swedish naturalist, kept in excellent order, with all the plants labelled, and the Latin as well as German names. A herbarium, with a good collection of dried plants which was constantly increasing, wa open to the examination of the pupils, as well as skeletons of the different animals, and casts of their several parts, which must have been of great use in veterinary pursuits. Models of agricultural implements, especially of ploughs, were preserved in a museum, which was stored as well with such as were common in Germany, as with those used in England, or other countries.
The various implements used on the farm were all made by smiths, wheelers, and carpenters, residing round the institution; the workshops were open to the pupils, and they were encouraged by attentive inspection, to become masters of the more minute branches of the economy of an estate.
The sum paid by each pupil was four hundred rix-dollars annually, besides which they provide their own beds and breakfasts. In that time in that country, such an expense precluded the admission of all but youths of good fortune. Each has a separate apartment. They were very well behaved young men, and their conduct to each other, and to the professors, was polite, even to punctilio.
"Principles of Agriculture", 1809-12.
Thaer's most quoted book is the four volumes "Grundsätze der rationellen Landwirthschaft" (1809–1812), which was translated into English in 1844 as "The Principles of Agriculture" by William Shaw and Cuthbert W. Johnson. The humus theory described in this work still received acceptance in the Modern Period (1800–1860).
Von Thaer's "Principles of Agriculture" contain the result of his experience through a series of years. The work embraces the theory of the soil, the clearing of land, plowing, manuring, and irrigation, hedges and fences, management of meadow and pasture lands; the cultivation of wheat, rye, corn, oats, barley, buckwheat, hops, tobacco, clover, and all the varieties of grasses; the economy of kine stock, breeding and feeding; the management of the dairy, and the use of manures, and the various systems of cultivation, keeping journals and farm records. In brief, it is a complete cyclopedia or circle of practical agriculture.
By the time the book was translated, in 1833, it had been frequently expressed by persons conversant with Foreign agricultural publications, that Von Thaer's Work should not have been translated into English. It was admitted by some of the first agricultural writers, who have read the work in the original language, to contain a great mass of valuable practical matter.
Conception of the agriculturist.
Von Thaer's Agricultural School, Philipp Albrecht Thaer acknowledge in the 1850 programme of his agricultural school, that the object of his institution is to educate capable superintendents, or directors for large estates: but that he cannot call anyone a capable director, who has only the skill to carry out a mode of farming in an imitation or borrowed manner: that he understands by a capable director, a man who can, with a clear discernment, enhance the value of a landed estate entrusted to him so far as circumstances of condition and situation allow it.
A capable director will propose the object to be attained and which may be profitable, prudently, circumspectly, with an exact regard to all the internal and outward relations; and then, prepared with practised eye and tact, rise from one step to another, firm and sure, to the proposed height of culture and productiveness. That in such a course of operations, every visionary scheme and every restless change from one thing to another is to be avoided, is self-evident.
But if we now enquire further, as to the material and elements which are considered necessary to educate anyone to such a capacity, it is needful first—that the agriculturist should understand the general rudiments of all industrial intercourse and those also which belong to the general economy of the state; and these so much the more, as he will always be dependent upon the same. He is obliged, therefore, to fit himself to discern how his own landed estate is related to the whole country; how its politico-social relations and the conjectures of trade may check or aid, operate favorably or disastrously upon his enterprises and their results. Hence he can easily learn to judge, also, how the particular situation of a farm, the nearness or distance of the market, the thoroughfares of trade, the exchange of manufactures, and the present value of money represented by the rate of interest, and, also, by that of the productiveness of mercantile or industrial capital, may impart a greater or less value to his landed property. These will, therefore, be particularly considered, in the exposition of the general doctrine of trade, which treats of the value of capital, the price of products, and the cost of labor.
While thus the agriculturist is led, as it were, from without to the internal economy of landed property, he must further-be so prepared, that he can judge not only of the soil on the same, and the materials contained in it, but also the given degree of richness, and the fit culture. It cannot also escape him, what influences the circumstances of the region exert on vegetable and animal development; and still less ought he to be unacquainted with the physical and moral circumstances of the inhabitants of a country under his inspection and examination.
If we imagine, finally, the agriculturist as in the conduct and management of the farm himself, then we wish him furnished, not only with knowledge but also with ability. He must not only be mentally educated, to conceive an idea, but also be practically certain and skilled in executing it. So, that the thought may be reduced to reality, he must be possessed of a rapid, sharp, sure perception and skill, and with an extensive knowledge of the particular business, instruments, and modes of operation, in the practice of his profession. The agriculturist must, as much as is possible, unite in his own person, the knowledge of art and the manual skill of his branch of business. The more this is the case—the clearer view he can obtain over the whole of the farming operations—so much deeper insight "will he have into the particular parts of the same, into the relation which they bear to each other, the agencies subordinate to himself, and the instruments of the whole system.
To look through this system correctly and regulate it, the agriculturist needs only the aid of a properly arranged and carefully executed' mode of keeping accounts: for as, according to the expression of Thaer the elder, "Account-keeping is the A B C of every trade," so it is wholly and especially the alphabet of agricultural enterprise. Through it, only, the results obtained have a certainty, the relation of the various branches to the whole are represented by numbers; the cause and effect, the means and result, the deficiency and the surplus, are reduced to figures and expressed in money-value.
As the agriculturist is, and continues in an always progressive intercourse with nature and its life; so those scenes are of aid to him, which give him an insight into the powers of nature, its influence on the success or failure of agricultural enterprise, the facility of developing these powers and influences of nature so as to regulate them according to his own wishes as far as it can be done. Hence, it follows, that the knowledge drawn from the domain of the natural sciences ought not to be wanting, in the complete education of. the future director: [steward, or manager, or overseer, as we call him in this country.] As it has been shown how the material and elements must act together, to educate a thorough and an able agriculturist it seems to us, also, that we have, at the same time, shown that while we have in view, as the immediate object of our school, this forming of thorough farmers, we must not limit the object within a narrow space; but make the training which accomplishes the general purpose, such as will enable a young man of a good preliminary education, sound parts and due application, to search still farther and acquire a high degree of information in this trade and science, by books and words.
Commemoration.
The Germans paid due homage to this great man while living, and have not overlooked, as to posthumous honors, him who had rendered such great services to his country and to humanity in general. His statue stands among those of all the great men of Germany.
There are memorials to Thaer in Leipzig, Berlin (Schinkelplatz), Celle, Halle, Möglin, and Kadaň (in front of the agriculture school).
The regular German Banknote of 10 Reichsmark, issued in 1929, carried the portrait of Albrecht Daniel Thaer. It was valid until the issue of the Deutsche Mark on 21 June 1948 after WW2.
Selected publications.
Original publications in German, a selection:
Translations:
References.
 This article incorporates public domain material from: United States. Patent Office.


Nisshinbo Holdings

 is a Japanese company listed on the Nikkei 225. It has a diverse line of businesses that include electronics, automobile brakes, mechatronics, chemicals, textiles, papers and real estate.
History.
Nisshinbo was established in 1907 as a cotton spinning business, . It changed its English name to Nisshin Spinning Co., Ltd. in 1962.
In the wake of World War II, Nisshin began to add non-textile segments to its business. Textiles accounted for 90% of its sales in 1960 but only 67% in 1980 and less than half by 1990. During these years, Nisshinbo was part of the Fuyo Group "keiretsu" headed by Fuji Bank.
In 2009, it adopted a holding company structure and renamed its parent company as Nisshinbo Holdings Inc.
Products.
Nisshinbo's textiles business remains active in the development of non-iron fabric, non-woven fabric and elastomers. In 2015 it acquired Tokyoshirts, the largest men's shirt manufacturer/retailer in Japan.
Nisshinbo's electronics business is focused on semiconductors and wireless equipment. It manufactures drum brakes, disc brakes and friction materials for cars and trucks, as well as toilet paper, wrapping paper, printer paper and other paper products. In 2011 the company acquired TMD Friction and the combined business became the world's largest automotive brake friction manufacturer.
Nisshinbo also operates a real estate arm, Nisshinbo Urban Development, which redevelops former Nisshinbo industrial properties for commercial and residential use.


Constantin von Dietze

Friedrich Carl Nicolaus Constantin von Dietze (9 August 1891 – 18 March 1973) was an agronomist, lawyer, economist, and theologian. He was a member of both the Confessing Church and the "Freiburg Circle" during the Nazi era.
Early life and World War I.
Freidrich Carl Nicolaus Constantin von Dietze was born in Gottesgnaden, the son of a former "Rittmeister", Constantin von Dietze by his marriage to Johanna Gündell. His grandfather, Adolf von Dietze-Barby, was a close friend of Otto von Bismarck and a conservative member of the Prussian House of Representatives.
Dietze attended the Landesschule Pforta and studied law with the intention of someday working either in administration or diplomacy. He attended the universities of Cambridge, Tübingen, and Halle an der Saale. After a year of voluntary military service, Dietze entered World War I as a lieutenant. He was captured by the Russians in 1915 and taken to a detention camp in Siberia, where he learned Russian and began reading economic works. He was released three years later following the Russian Revolution and returned to Germany.
After returning to Germany, Dietze resumed his studies at the University of Breslau, where he received a doctorate in political science in 1919 for his work on Stolypinian land reform.
Opposition to the Nazis.
Throughout the 1920s Dietze worked as a professor at the universities of Göttingen, Rostock, and Jena. On 1 April 1933 he left the University of Jena and moved to Berlin as the successor to economist Max Sering at the University of Berlin. During his first year in Berlin, Dietze came in contact with many leading politicians including Hanns Kerrl and Roland Freisler.
Dietze wasted little time establishing himself as an opponent of the Nazi regime, joining the Confessing Church and consistently voicing his disapproval of the policies of Reich Minister of Food Richard Walther Darré. As a result, the Institute for Agricultural and Housing Engineering was closed by the Nazis in 1934.
As President of the "Verein für Socialpolitik", Dietze acted directly against the Nazi Regime by granting a Jewish doctoral candidate his doctorate in 1935 (Rubin Kellman i.e. Reuven Avineri. Submitted 27 June 1935, approved May 6, 1936). He protected him from being expelled from the university until the end of his doctorate.
After moving to Freiburg im Breisgau in 1936 to replace Karl Diehl at the University of Freiburg, Dietze became increasingly active in the Confessing Church's opposition to the Nazis. He was arrested and held in captivity by the Gestapo for two weeks in 1937 after a conflict with the "German Christians" in which he informed visitors attending the church of the arrest of the Confessing Church's pastor and subsequent replacement with a pastor for the "German Christians."
In 1938 Dietze worked with Adolf Lampe and Walter Eucken to found the "Arbeitsgemeinschaft Erwin von Beckerath", which would later become the Freiburger Kreis. Through this group Dietze would come into direct contact with Carl Friedrich Goerdeler and Dietrich Bonhoeffer.
After the failure of the 20 July Plot, Dietze was arrested for his relationship with Goerdeler and Bonhoeffer and was charged with high treason. He was imprisoned in Ravensbrück concentration camp and at "Zellengefängnis Lehrter Straße 3" in Berlin. His impending conviction and death sentence were impeded only by the collapse of the Third Reich, making him one of the few political prisoners who avoided being executed in the Plötzensee Prison.
Post-war.
After returning to Freiburg on 17 June 1945, Dietze resumed teaching at the university and served as its Rector from 1946 until 1949. During this time he founded a research establishment for agricultural politics and sociology, of which he was the president until his death.
In 1948 Dietze received an honorary doctorate in Theology from the University of Heidelberg for his commitment to Christian lifestyle and ethics in the field of economics. He became a member of the advisory council to the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection in 1950 and served as president of the Evangelical Church in Germany from 1955 until 1961.
In 1958 and 1961 he was awarded a Bundesverdienstkreuz.
In 1960 Dietze was appointed a Doctor of Agriculture by the agricultural faculty at the University of Bonn.
Dietze died on 18 March 1973 at the age of 81 in Freiburg im Breisgau.


Gramin Agriculture Markets

Gramin Agriculture Markets also GrAM is a village level markets in India. There are 22,000 such rural agricultural markets, Which help farmers in selling their produce locally. These local markets, GrAMs, will be linked with the electronic farmer marketplace, eNAMs to sell their produce nationally.
The Market.
Through upgrade to GrAM, such unorganized markets which will help farmers to get realize and sell best price for produce in the country.


Huazhong Agricultural University

Huazhong Agricultural University (, also known as Central China Agricultural University, HZAU/HAU) is a multi-disciplinary comprehensive university in Wuhan, giving priority to agriculture, characterized by life sciences and supplemented by the combination of agriculture, basic sciences, engineering, liberal arts, law, economic trade, and management. HAU, one of the first groups of universities in China which are authorized to confer Ph.D. and M.A. degrees, has produced the new China's first doctor majoring in agronomy. Firmly adhering to the two central tasks like teaching and scientific research, HAU maintains its management by levels and flexible forms. As far as education quality and academic level, HAU ranks first among the agricultural universities in China. In addition, it has been converted into a nationally important base for training senior special agricultural personnel and developing agricultural science and technology. It is a Chinese Ministry of Education Double First Class Discipline University, with Double First Class status in certain disciplines.
Colleges.
HAU comprises 13 colleges (Life Sciences and Technology, Plant Sciences and Technology, Animal Sciences and Technology, Veterinary Medicine, Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Resources and Environment, Fishery, Food Science, Economics and Trade, Land Management, Humanities and Social Sciences, Engineering Technology, Basic Sciences) and the Foreign Languages Department.
As a national key university, HAU is directly affiliated to the Ministry of Education of China. There are 48 undergraduate specialties, 87 master specialties, 54 doctoral specialties, and 7 post-doctoral mobile stations. In addition, there are six National Emphatic Subjects and two National Labs.
Ranking.
According to China alumni network, HAU was ranked 44th in 2014. Its horticulture was ranked No.1. Crop science, animal science and veterinary medicine were ranked No.2 nationally. In 2017, Academic Ranking of World Universities ranked it between 401st-500th in the world. In 2018, Times Higher Education put Huazhong Agricultural University on the rank of 601-800 in the world, the 29th in China.
History.
Huazhong Agricultural University (HAU) has a history of over 100 years. Its predecessor, Huazhong Agricultural College (HAC), termed Hubei Agricultural College in 1940, was derived from Hubei Farming School (HFS) established in 1898 by Zhang Zhidong, governor-general of the Huguang region. In 1952 when China's high institutions were restructured HAC was founded, merging Agricultural College of Wuhan University with Hubei Agricultural College, the Agricultural College of Henan University, the Agricultural College of Nanchang University, the Agricultural College of Guangxi University, the Agricultural College of Zhongshan University and some departments of Hunan Agricultural College. HAC had its name changed to HAU in 1985.
HAU's new library opened in 2006, premises area of 31,136 square meters. Library construction and beautiful overall, coordinated, and the museum now has 10 large bays, open reading room, more than 3,500 reading seats. The library provides students, for a 40 yuan a month, VIP self-study services in a small room with air conditioning.


Cedarvale Winery

Cedarvale Winery is a winery in Logan Township in Gloucester County, New Jersey. A family produce farm since 1905, the vineyard was first planted in 2004, and opened to the public in 2008. Cedarvale has 8 acres of grapes under cultivation, and produces 2,500 cases of wine per year. The winery is named for the cedar swamps bordering the farm.
Wines and other products.
Cedarvale Winery produces wine from Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Pinot gris, and Villard blanc grapes. Cedarvale also makes fruit wines from apples, blueberries, nectarines, and strawberries. Additionally, the farm grows fruits and vegetables. The winery is not located in one of New Jersey's three viticultural areas.
Licensing and associations.
Cedarvale has a farm winery license from the New Jersey Division of Alcoholic Beverage Control, which allows it to produce up to 50,000 gallons of wine per year, operate up to 15 off-premises sales rooms, and ship up to 12 cases per year to consumers in-state or out-of-state. The winery is a member of the Garden State Wine Growers Association.


Criolla Grande

Criolla Grande (also known as Criolla and Criolla Grande Sanjuanina) is a red wine grape commonly found in Argentina. It is different from the Chilean wine grape Pais, also known as "Criolla Chica", but ampelographers believe that both grapes share a common parent, and it is now listed as a crossing of Mission and Muscat of Alexandria. As of 2006, Criolla was the third most widely planted Argentine wine grape (22,500 hectares) after Cereza (30,000 hectares) and the more widely exported Malbec (24,400 hectares). It is primarily found in the Mendoza region. The grape has pink skin, which is thicker than in its Chilean cousin, Pais, and is used to produce deeply colored white wine. It is sometimes used to produce a light colored "rosé". The grape is rarely exported outside of Argentina where it is used to produce massive quantities of box and jug wines.
History.
The grape belong to the "Criollas" group of varieties. Along with Chile's Pais and the Mission grape of California, the grape is believed to be a descendant of the Spanish "common black grape" brought to Mexico in 1520 by the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés. Although it has previously been speculated that Criolla Grande as such was brought to the Americas, the presence of Mission in its pedigree makes it likely that the crossing resulting in Criolla Grande took place in America.
Synonyms.
Criolla Grande is also known under the synonyms Criolla Grande Sanjuanina, Criolla San Juanino, Criolla Sanjuanina, Italia, Sanjuanina Rosada, and Uva Tierna.


Mehsana buffalo

Mehsana are a breed of water buffalo from the state of Gujarat, India. Mixture of murrah and surti blood. They are raised for milk production, and are known as one of the best milk breeds in India. They are named for the town of Mehsana, in northern Gujarat, where these buffalo are still concentrated.


Bernard Blum

Bernard J. Blum (* 1. September 1938 in Besançon; † 13. August 2014 in Paris) was a French agricultural scientist, industry manager and founding president of the International Biocontrol Manufacturers' Association (IBMA). He campaigned for sustainable development through biological and integrated plant protection with the use of decision-making systems.
Life and work.
Bernard Blum first went to school in Besançon and later at the Lycée Henri IV in Paris. He studied agricultural science at the Institut National Agronomique, Paris Grignon. After qualifying as an Entomologist in 1963 and obtaining a doctoral degree in Tropical Agriculture in 1965 he started his career at the Agricultural Research Institute I.H.H.O. today CIRAD in the Ivory Coast [3]. At the same time he undertook further education at the International Graduate Business School INSEAD in Fontainebleau, France.
In January 1972 he began work at Ciba-Geigy (today Novartis und Syngenta) in Basel. He was for several decades responsible for entomology and was regional manager for the extensive plant protection markets in the Near East and Africa. It was as regional manager in Africa that he began to use decision-making systems, i.e. the technical possibilities for reducing the use of plant protection agents in cotton crops. His goal was to ensure that natural methods of cultivation and plant protection. At the beginning of the 1990s he founded, together with colleagues, the Académie du Biocontrôle et de la Protection Biologique Intégrée in France. Together with friends he also founded, in 1995, the International Biocontrol Manufacturers Association, of which he was founding president and later vice-president.
In 2008 he initiated the annual ABIM Konferenz which within the frame of the IBMA served to promote new biological products and application technologies.
After leaving Novartis he founded, in 2005, his own firm, AGROMETRIX - Integrated Crop Management. He promoted the a return to the consideration of Bio-diversity and an integrated plant protection policy grounded on an analytical system and preventative measures. Inter alia he began, together with the makers of meteorological monitoring stations, the development of crop-specific computer programmes which would give an early warning of risk situations – attack by insects or disease – to allow more targeted intervention using less, and also alternative, agents.
In 2008 he became a member of the Académie d'Agriculture de France with responsibility for the working group Principe de précaution und Méthodes biointensives de protection des plantes.
Within Europe he was engaged with the possibility of introducing the Sterile-Insekten-Technik (SIT) within a European and French project (Region Biocontrol South-West).
He died of a heart attack in 2014.
External links.
The IBMA awards the annual "Bernard Blum Preis" for the best innovation in the field of biological plant protection.


Sheep farming in New Zealand

Sheep farming is a significant industry in New Zealand. According to 2007 figures reported by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, there are 39 million sheep in the country (a count of about 10 per individual). The country has the highest density of sheep per unit area in the world. For 130 years, sheep farming was the country's most important agricultural industry, but it was overtaken by dairy farming in 1987. Sheep numbers peaked in New Zealand in 1982 to 70 million and then dropped to about 27.6 million. There are 16,000 sheep and beef farms in the country which has made the country the world's largest exporter of lambs, with 24 million finished lambs recorded every year.
History.
Sheep were introduced into New Zealand between 1773 and 1777 with credit to James Cook, the British explorer. Samuel Marsden, a missionary, introduced some flocks of sheep to the Bay of Islands, and then also farmed in Mana Island close to Wellington for the purpose of feeding the whalers. The period between 1856 and 1987 was a bonanza period for sheep farming, resulting in economic prosperity of the country.
Johnny Jones was an early settler in Otago. When the whaling boom ended, he switched to farming in 1840. He was the first Pākehā who settled large numbers of immigrants on the east coast of the South Island, and he imported sheep amongst other stock for this purpose. One of the first to bring substantial numbers of sheep to Canterbury was John Deans in 1843. As was usual at the time, the sheep were bought in Australia. John Cracroft Wilson's endeavours of setting up as a sheep farmer in 1854 demonstrate the hardship that early settlers and stock often faced. He had a disastrous journey from Sydney where much of his stock died and 1,200 sheep had to be jettisoned. After landing in Lyttelton, his stock was transferred to the nearby Gollans Bay (the bay in Lyttelton Harbour beneath Evans Pass), where he lost more stock to tutu poisoning and southerlies.
Whilst John Acland and Charles George Tripp arrived in Canterbury in 1855, only four years after organised settlement of Canterbury began, all the suitable land on the Canterbury Plains had already been taken up. They were the first to take up land in the Canterbury high country for sheep farming.
George Henry Moore established himself in North Canterbury. His Glenmark Station was for a time New Zealand's largest sheep run, and his daughter established the Christchurch tourist attraction Mona Vale with her inheritance. His biography says of him:
Moore stands out in New Zealand pastoral history as a supremely successful runholder in terms of personal wealth. His skill, judgement and sense of timing were of a very high order. Yet without strong financial backing from partners and bank, the full achievement of Glenmark would have been impossible. His 1873 purchase was a bold decision, based on a mortgage of exceptional size to the Union Bank of Australia, which advanced Moore £90,000. The link between banking and large runholding in Canterbury was never more clearly demonstrated.
New Zealand flocks rarely numbered less than 400 head. The total area of occupied land was under 45 million acres. Of this, 5 million acres supported from 1 to 8 sheep per acre for the year, while over 9 million acres averaged from one-half to 2 sheep per acre. Grass was the principal crop. With a growing season of 10 months and well-distributed rainfall, it was profitable to keep grass for stock. Nearly half of the occupied land was in holdings of over 5,000 acres, mainly used for sheep. There were 90 holdings of over 50,000 acres each while 18,694 holdings were from 50 to 200 acres. The number of sheep increased from about 19 million in 1896 to 24,595,405 in 1914. The average flock size increased from 1,081 in 1896 to 1,124 in 1913. About half the sheep were in flocks which numbered less than 2,500 while seven-eights of them were in flocks numbering over 500 head each. Wethers, rams, and ewes under breeding age comprised about one-half the sheep.
The most successful breed raised in the early 19th century was the Spanish breed of Merino. It was bred on the South Island for many years. The Merino ewe furnished the foundation of a cross-bred stock. In the early days of the Canterbury Region meat trade, the English Leicester breed was the favourite ram for breeding with the Merino ewe. Later, the Lincoln breed was used to cross with the Merino, and black-faced rams were put to the cross-bred ewes. In the North Island, the Romney sheep was better suited with the moist climate and became the most popular sheep; it also increased in numbers in the South Island. The Lincoln and Border-Leicester were favoured in both islands, while the Southdown displaced other breeds for fat-lamb production throughout New Zealand. The Leicesters, mainly the English variety, were the most popular British breed in the South Island.
The development of sheep farming in New Zealand in the first halft of the 20th century brought increased competition to sheep farmers in southern Patagonia who were struggling with a drop in traffic as result of the opening of Panama Canal and mounting social unrest.
The sheep population reached a peak of 70 million in 1982 but soon there was a sharp decline as the dairy industry overshadowed it. In 1987, the sheep population was only about 39 million; this fall is also attributed to withdrawal of government subsidy to this sector. In spite of a decline in the population of sheep in New Zealand, the hilly areas of the country have seen a proliferation of sheep farming in the decades since the late 1960s. This growth is on account of introduction of better species of pasture vegetation, use of pesticides and weed control, regulated and systematic paddock management of farms, and introduction of better and disease resistant breeds of sheep. Under a wide mosaic of varying climatic and soil conditions, and the large extent of farms have resulted in development of a wide range of industries.
As of 2007, New Zealand had approximately 39 million sheep, nearly 10 sheep for every person in the country (the 2006 population was 4,027,947), placed in sixth position among the most populous sheep farming countries of the world. In June 2015, sheep numbers were at 29.1 million. A year later, numbers had fallen by 1.5 million to 27.6 million.
Breeds.
The New Zealand Sheepbreeders Association is responsible for managing sheep breeding in the country and also stud breeding in sheep industry. It ensures the purity of created breeds, with a good pedigree and a notable record of performance. The developed breeds reported by the associations are: Border Leicester, Borderdale, Corriedale, Dorper, Dorset Down, East Friesian, English Leicester, Finnsheep, Hampshire, Lincoln, Oxford, Poll Dorset & Dorset Horn, Polwarth, Ryeland, Shropshire, South Suffolk, Suffolk, and Texel. Breeding variety included the Corriedale, a cross breed of the Merino and English breeds; New Zealand Romney, which accounts for nearly 66% of all sheep in the country now, and its wool is suitable for making carpets; Perendale, which is adaptable to all types of weather and provides good meat and wool; and Coopworth, in a well tended farmland, this breed has good meat and wool value. An annual event of the New Zealand Ewe Hogget Competition was initiated by George Fletcher to encourage and appreciate quality breeding of sheep. The event was held in May 2013 and awards were presented for Technology & Innovation, Best Woolled Flock, Large Flock and Flock Performance.
Farming development.
In the initial years the large farms which came into existence were for sheep brought from Australia to Wairarapa, farms in the Canterbury Plains, and Otago farm, and land leased from the ethnic Māori. In later years, land was leased from the government in the eastern part of South Island, a dry area found suitable to establish large farms for Merinos for increased production of wool. In the northern Island, sheep farms in lands owned by Māori were under a much lower growth trajectory as the vegetative cover of bushes and wet weather conditions were not conducive for the Merinos to survive.
Trade.
The first trading of sheep meat was with Britain when frozen meat was exported in 1882. Subsequently, with large expansion of sheep farms, this export trade has sustained the economy of the country substantially. New Zealand's major agricultural export commodity was wool during the late 19th century. Even in the late 1960s it accounted for over a third of all export revenues. but as its price has steadily dropped relative to other commodities wool is no longer profitable for many farmers.


Assam Agricultural University

Assam Agricultural University (AAU) is an agricultural education state university which was established on 1 April 1969 in Jorhat in the state of Assam, India. The jurisdiction of the University extends to the entire State of Assam with regard to teaching, research and extension education in the field of agriculture and allied sciences. The University has a number of campuses with its headquarters at Borbheta, Jorhat.
Colleges.
The university has faculties and colleges all over Assam:
Research stations.
The university has six Regional Agricultural Research Stations in each agricultural zone of Assam at:
The university also has four Commodity Research Stations at:
The university also has established Krishi Vigyan Kendras for extension purpose in all the districts of Assam.
Departments.
Departments under the university's faculties are:
Faculty of Fisheries Science.
The university is the only educational centre in the world to offer a comprehensive four-year degree program in Agriculture with specialization in Tea Husbandry and Technology, which covers the entire gamut of tea cultivation, production and marketing. The Faculty of Agriculture offers B.Sc., M.Sc. and Ph.D degree programs. The Faculty of Home Science offers B.Sc. and M.Sc. degree programs in all departments and a Ph.D. degree program in Food and Nutrition only.


Heather honey


Ravenswood Generating Station

Ravenswood Generating Station is a 2,480 megawatt power plant in Long Island City in Queens, New York. It is owned and operated by LS Power/Helix Energy Solutions Group. The plant is fueled primarily by fuel oil (no. 6) and natural gas which heats the boilers.
History.
Ravenswood was originally built and owned by Consolidated Edison of New York Inc. (Con Edison) in 1963. The first two units constructed in 1963 were Ravenswood 10 and 20, each having a generating capacity of approximately 385 megawatts. Then, in 1965, Ravenswood 30 (commonly called "Big Allis") was commissioned with a generating capacity of nearly 981 megawatts. In the 1970s, multiple combustion turbine units were installed in a simple cycle configuration to meet peak power demands. Two 2030 MWth(500 MWe) nuclear reactors were planned to begin operation on the site in 1970, but they were cancelled due to controversy and safety concerns.
Due to deregulation of the energy markets in New York State, Con Edison was required to sell all of its "in-city" generating stations in New York City including Ravenswood. In 1999, Con Edison transferred ownership of Ravenswood to KeySpan Energy (KeySpan) for $597 million. In 2004, KeySpan constructed a new unit, Ravenswood 40, using combined cycle technology with generating capacity of 250 megawatts.
National Grid plc acquired KeySpan in 2007 but due to its involvement in electrical transmission the New York Public Service Commission required National Grid to sell Ravenswood to ensure competition in the market. On August 26, 2008, Ravenswood was sold by National Grid to TransCanada Corporation for $2.9 billion. Trans Canada has put Ravenswood up for sale. Ravenswood was sold to LS Power/Helix Energy Solutions Group with Ethos power running it. In 2018, Helix Generation LLC filed a lawsuit against TransCanada Facility USA Inc. for allegedly fraudulently misleading Helix prior to the sale.
In 2019, it was announced that a 316 MW battery storage system would be built at the Ravenswood Generating Station. The system would be the largest in New York state and would be built in three phases, the first of which would be complete in 2021.
Description.
Ravenswood is located in Long Island City in Queens, New York, across from Roosevelt Island. The site is connected to the New York City electrical system through the 138 kV Vernon substation and the 345 kV Rainey substation. It is capable of producing 2,480MW of energy.
Ravenswood No. 3.
Ravenswood No. 3, also known as Unit 30 or Big Allis, is a natural gas facility at Ravenswood Generating Station owned by LS Power and operated by IHI Corporation Energy Services. During 1963, Allis-Chalmers announced that ConEd had ordered the "world's first MILLION-KILOWATT unit...big enough to serve 3,000,000 people." This sheer scale helped the plant become popularly known as "Big Allis". During the Northeast blackout of 1965, the bearings of the Allis-Chalmers Turbine were damaged. The lube oil pumps were hooked up to the electrical grid, thus shutting them down during the blackout and causing bearing damage.
At the time of its installation, it was the world's largest steam energy generating facility. It is located on the Ravenswood site, consisting of Units 1, 2, 3 and 4, as well as several small gas turbines (GTs), and an oil depot. The site overall produces about 2,500 MW, or approximately 20% of New York City's current energy consumption. In 2011, Big Allis burned 97% natural gas, 3% oil (used as backup fuels).
The site also includes a steam generation plant consisting of four Babcock & Wilcox boilers, owned and run by Con Edison. The plant helps in the supply of steam to the Manhattan steam system when needed, via the Ravenswood Tunnel under the East River.


Westmorland County Agricultural Society

The Westmorland County Agricultural Society (WCAS, established 1799) is a registered charity which supports agriculture and related activities in and around the former county of Westmorland, England. Its activities include the annual Westmorland County Show. It was previously known as the Westmorland and Kendal District Agricultural Society.
The Society's objectives are:
(A) To promote and improve agriculture, horticulture, allied industries, rural crafts, the breeding of livestock, forestry and conservation and in particular in the old county of Westmorland and those parts of adjoining counties which are within a fifty five mile radius of Lane Farm, Crooklands, Milnthorpe, Cumbria; (B) To promote such charitable purposes as the charity trustees of the Society shall think fit.
The Society is based at Crooklands, Milnthorpe, Cumbria, where it has a permanent showground and buildings which are used for conferences and other functions.
Westmorland County Show.
The annual county show takes place on the second Thursday of September at the Society's showground and is said to be "one of the largest one day Shows in the Country". It includes competitive classes for heavy and light horses, beef and dairy cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, dogs, alpacas, rural crafts and Cumberland and Westmorland wrestling. There are several hundred trade stands, and over 30,000 people attend each year.
There was a virtual show in 2020, as live shows were cancelled caused by COVID-19 pandemic.
Other events at the Society's showground.
The showground is used for various regular events such as the Society's annual Countryfest and other events such as the Red Rose 2014 international scout and guide camp.
In December 2014 it was announced that Elton John would perform at the showground to an audience of 12,000 on 14 June 2015.


Mount Doreen Station

Mount Doreen Station is a pastoral lease operating as a cattle station in the Northern Territory of Australia.
It is situated about north East of Papunya and approximately north west of Alice Springs just off the Tanami Track in the central region of the Northern Territory. The property shares a boundary with Yunkanjini Aboriginal Land Trust to the south, the Yuendumu Aboriginal Land Trust to the east (with Yuendumu the closest settlement), the Mala Aboriginal Land Trust to the north and the Lake Mackay Aboriginal Land Trust to the west. The nearest leases are Newhaven Sanctuary (formerly Station) to the south and Mount Denison to the east.
Vaughan Springs, known to the Warlpiri people as Pikilyi, is a large and important waterhole near the homestead.
Early history.
The Traditional Owners of the area are the Walpiri peoples. Pikilyi is an important sacred site for ceremonies, at the junction of a number of different Dreamings (jukurrpa), including Possum, Snake, Two Kangaroos, Flying Ant and Yam, which are represented in the work of artist Kumantje Jagamara.
The Warlpiri received recognition for their native title of the area in 2014. The initial application had been filed with the Federal Court in 2005 the later withdrawn in 2011 and filed again shortly afterward with recognition being awarded in 2013. A minor variation was registered in August 2020.
The station was established by William Braitling, better known as Bill, and his wife Doreen Braitling in 1932. They acquired the lease after a few years working as drovers in the Territory. The property is named after Doreen. In 1945 Bill Braitling was charged with assault for tying an Aboriginal man to a tree, "thrashed him with four heavy mulga waddies". Braitling was acquitted by the Supreme Court in 1946 and unsuccessfully claimed improper police methods were used.
Doreen Braitling applied for a mineral lease in 1947. Bill Braitling stood as the candidate for Stuart in the 1951 Northern Territory Legislative Cuuncil Election. In 1953, Braitling attempted to establish the Northern Territory's first Arab stud at Mount Doreen. Bill lived on Mount Doreen Station until his death in Alice Springs in 1959.
Recent history.
The property was put on the market in 2012 but was later withdrawn from sale.
Matthew Braitling took over the station and 2013, he was charged with animal cruelty after an incident that had occurred in 2012 where he failed to alleviate the suffering of a cow with a deformed head and another that had an ingrown horn. He pleaded guilty to the charge and was later found guilty, but had no conviction recorded.
Since 2007, it has been located with the locality of Lake Mackay.
Geology.
Mount Doreen is in the Ngalia Basin. In 1971, a type of quartzite was identified, named as Vaughan Springs Quartzite.


Joseph-Armand Choquette

Joseph-Armand Choquette (July 24, 1905 – April 6, 1999) was a farmer and politician. He was the first Member of Parliament to have been elected to the House of Commons of Canada representing the Bloc populaire canadien and was also the last surviving member of the Bloc populaire's caucus when he died in 1999 at the age of 93.
Biography.
Choquette entered parliament via an August 9, 1943 by-election in Stanstead in the Eastern Townships of Quebec which he stood in the midsts of the Conscription Crisis for the anti-draft party. He defeated former MP Robert Greig Davidson of the governing Liberal Party of Canada by more than 1200 votes. The by-election had been called as a result of Davidson's victory in the 1940 election victory being overturned by the courts due to voting irregularities. While Davidson won most of the English vote in the by-election, Choquette cornered the francophone vote with the support of the president of the Catholic Farmers Union and of legendary Quebec politician Henri Bourassa who campaigned on his behalf.
He sat in the House of Commons for two years before being defeated in the 1945 federal election by Progressive Conservative John Thomas Hackett by less than 500 votes.
Outside of his brief parliamentary career, Choquette served as secretary-treasurer of the municipality of Sainte-Catherine-de-Hatley, Quebec for 32 years and operated a farm in the municipality. He was also Diocesan President of the Catholic Farmers Union for several years.


Borreby Castle

Borreby Castle (, ) is a fortified manor house located near Skælskør, Slagelse Municipality, in the south-west corner of the island of Zealand, in eastern Denmark.
History.
Early history.
First mentioned in 1345, by the end of the century Borreby had come into the possession of the Urne family, an important house of high nobility in Denmark at that time. In 1410 the estate was acquired by Bishop Peder Jensen Lodehat and it was then held by the Bishops of Roskilde until its confiscation by the Crown in 1536 in connection with the Reformation in 1534.
Friis era: The current building.
In 1553, possibly somewhat earlier, King Frederick II ceded the property to Chancellor Johan Friis, one of the most powerful men in the country at the time, who also owned Hesselagergård on the island of Funen. In 1456 he built the current castle at a site north of the old building.
After Johan Friis' death in 1570, Borreby was passed to his nephew, Christian Friis, who later followed in his uncle's footsteps as Chancellor from 1594 to 1616. Christian Friis expanded the complex with an extra moat and several new buildings, including two castle yard wings to the east and west, a gatehouse and several large farm buildings west of the castle.
The estate remained in the possession of the Friis family until the brothers Oluf and Valdemar Daa ran it into economic ruin during their ownership from 1652 to 1681.
Castenschiold era: Hans Christian Andersen connection.
In 1783, Borreby was acquired by Major General Joachim Castenschiold.
Together with nearby Holsteinborg and Basnæs, Borreby later in the century formed a small cluster of manor houses where Hans Christian Andersen was a frequent guest. In 1859 Andersen published his story "The Wind Tells about Valdemar Daae and His Daughters", a tragic tale of how the last descendant of Johan Friss to own Borreby lost the estate through his own foolish and quite unsuccessful experiments with alchemy.
The Castenschiold family still own the property.
Architecture.
Built in red brick in the Renaissance style, Borreby consists of two and a half floors resting on stone plinth and topped by a pitched roof. There are four towers, three on the north side and a staircase tower on the south side. The masonry is decorated with arched friezes above each storey and the windows are topped by depressed arches.
The defensive character of the building is witnessed by machicolation holes which are found on all sides. Behind these there used to be a walkway which has now been removed, but machicolation holes can still be seen all round the building.
The interior is dominated by Joachim Lorentz Holten Castenschiold's modernizations carried out in the 1750s and restorations from 1883 to 1884 and 1923–24.
The east and west wings of the outer courtyard date from Christian Friis' expansion, as does the gatehouse from 1600 and the large farm buildings located west of the castle. A chapel in the west wing was in its current form designed in 1754.
In the 21st century.
Borreby Castle is owned by and managed as a modern agricultural estate with a large production of biomass for power stations on Zealand. There is public access free of charge to the outer courtyard and park with views of the historical buildings. The castle is also open for tours on prior notification.
It is also used as a cultural venue. Borreby Art Gallery is based in the former courthouse as well as some former stables. Borreby Theatre with a capacity of 450 spectators is currently under construction in a former barn, and other buildings will house a restaurant and café.