Joh for Canberra

The Joh for Canberra campaign, initially known as the Joh for PM campaign, was an attempt by Queensland National Party premier Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen to become Prime Minister of Australia. The campaign was announced in January 1987 and drew substantial support from Queensland businessmen and some conservative politicians. The campaign caused a split in the federal Coalition. It did not attract widespread support and collapsed in June 1987. The Australian Labor Party, led by Bob Hawke, went on to win by an increased majority in the 1987 federal election, gaining its highest-ever number of seats. Bjelke-Petersen came under increasing scrutiny as the Fitzgerald Inquiry gained traction, and was forced out of politics altogether in December 1987.
The lead-up to the campaign.
Bjelke-Petersen became Premier of Queensland in 1968. Although he came close to being ousted from office in 1970, he went on to become the longest-serving premier in Queensland history, and was returned to office convincingly in several elections in the early 1980s. In 1983 and 1984, he had communicated his interest in challenging what he saw as a dangerous push towards socialism within the Hawke Labor Government.
Labor won power at the federal level under Bob Hawke at the 1983 election. Bjelke-Petersen and Queensland National Party president Sir Robert Sparkes spearheaded a conservative backlash against Hawke based in Queensland. The aim of this conservative movement was to "dismantle Labor's 'socialist' legislation, including Medicare, to support Queensland-style free enterprise and to introduce a flat-tax system". After the state Liberal Party walked out of the Coalition a few months before the 1983 Queensland state election (the National Party was traditionally the senior partner in the non-Labor Coalition in Queensland), Bjelke-Petersen played up fears of a Labor-Liberal coalition and led the Nationals to 41 seats in the 82-seat Legislative Assembly of Queensland—one short of a majority. He then persuaded two Liberals to cross the floor and join the Nationals, allowing them to govern in their own right for the first time. At the next election in 1986, the Nationals won an outright majority for the only time, winning a record 55% of the seats in Queensland parliament.
The idea of Bjelke-Petersen becoming prime minister was first explicitly discussed with him by Gold Coast businessmen Brian Ray and Mike Gore, in autumn 1986—not long after his comprehensive state election victory. Gore would later claim that Bjelke-Petersen was reluctant to pursue a position in federal politics. However, according to Ray, Bjelke-Petersen expressed enthusiasm for the idea and had to convince Ray and Gore of its merit. The base of the "Joh for Canberra" campaign was made up of a group of Queensland businessmen nicknamed the "white shoe brigade" who had enjoyed substantial patronage from the Bjelke-Petersen government. Despite Bjelke-Petersen's insistence that his campaign was driven by popular enthusiasm, the base of support for the "Joh for Canberra" campaign was always quite narrow. In the 1984 federal election, the National Party had polled only 10.63% of the vote and won 21 seats, compared to 45 for the Liberal Party and 82 for Labor.
In 1987, John Howard and Ian Sinclair were poised to lead the Liberal and National parties respectively into the 1987 election against Bob Hawke. Bjelke-Petersen believed that Howard and Sinclair had drifted too far from their conservative principles and stood no chance of defeating the Labor government in the election. After his decisive victory in the 1986 state election, Bjelke-Petersen became the "superstar of non-Labor politics in Australia", though his support was concentrated in rural areas and on the far right of the political spectrum. This momentum gave Bjelke-Petersen a feeling of invulnerability and the mistaken belief that the dynamics of Queensland politics could be replicated at a federal level.
The campaign platform.
Bjelke-Petersen's candidacy rested on his promotion of a 25% flat tax rate for all Australians irrespective of income, a proposal that drew the support of Queensland businessmen and those on the right of politics. At one point, members of the "white shoe brigade" who were sympathetic to Bjelke-Petersen pledged millions of dollars to help his campaign, though the money never materialised. Although the 25% flat tax rate was the basis of Bjelke-Petersen's campaign for prime minister, it was subsequently argued that he had "no idea of how such a tax would operate [and] still less of what was needed for responsible introduction". Bjelke-Petersen identified restricting the power of unions, reversing Aboriginal land rights decisions and promoting states' rights as other goals of his campaign.
The Nationals had a limited base of support and were unlikely to become Australia's major non-Labor party. The belief that Bjelke-Petersen could have defeated Bob Hawke in the 1987 election has been called "one of the greatest delusions ever entertained in Australian politics". Ironically, before Bjelke-Petersen began his ill-fated run for the office of prime minister, Bob Hawke and Labor stood a very serious chance of losing government, deflated by the ill-fated attempt to introduce the unpopular Australia Card, the failed 'tax summit' (designed to gain support for federal treasurer Paul Keating's proposed consumption tax), and declining terms of trade.
Joh for PM.
Bjelke-Petersen made his intention to run for prime minister explicit on 1 January 1987, generating a flurry of media activity. It was speculated that Bjelke-Petersen would run for a federal seat in Queensland, with Wide Bay and Fairfax being singled out as possibilities. The campaign identified thirteen marginal Labor seats and eight marginal Liberal seats that it believed were viable targets for Bjelke-Petersen and The Nationals. Despite generating a great deal of media coverage, the campaign drew criticism from the outset. The leader of the federal Liberal Party, John Howard, said that Bjelke-Petersen was "strong on incentive but short on reality". Melbourne's "Arena" magazine described Bjelke-Petersen as a "populist leader... without institutional backing" who would inevitably be defeated by the established federal parties of Labor, the Nationals and the Liberals. Prime Minister Hawke could barely contain his "delight" at the conservative infighting and welcomed a potential challenge by Bjelke-Petersen.
A peculiar irony of Bjelke-Petersen's run for federal office was that his appeal had always rested on his claim to represent Queensland's interests in the face of a hostile federal political system. The pro-Queensland and anti-Commonwealth "Canberra bashing" line pursued by Joh Bjelke-Petersen was the most consistent aspect of his tenure as Queensland premier. Despite the challenges he faced, Bjelke-Petersen remained outspoken about his chances of becoming prime minister, declaring that nobody else in Australian politics possessed "my experience in politics, my policies for Australia, and my determination to make them work".
Although he was outwardly confident, Bjelke-Petersen had few political allies in his campaign, even on the conservative side of politics. The most significant political figure to openly back Bjelke-Petersen's campaign was Tasmanian premier Robin Gray, who enjoyed a strong personal rapport with Bjelke-Petersen. Key Liberal Party figures like Andrew Peacock also sympathised with Bjelke-Petersen's run for office, but failed to sever their ties with the federal Coalition. Joseph Siracusa, who served as Bjelke-Petersen's national security advisor in the campaign, later claimed that Peacock and fellow Liberal powerbroker Ian McLachlan played "important behind the scenes roles in the affair". Siracusa recalled a conversation with prominent Queensland National Party minister Russ Hinze, in which Hinze claimed that Andrew Peacock had secretly backed the "Joh for PM" campaign to destabilise John Howard's leadership of the Liberal Party. According to Siracusa, Bjelke-Petersen had intended on a partnership whereby Bjelke-Petersen would become prime minister with Peacock as his deputy, though the fine details and practical considerations of this plan were never considered. Brisbane's "Courier Mail" threw its support behind the campaign and insisted that a Bjelke-Petersen victory was possible, while acknowledging that any such victory would depend on the ability of Bjelke-Petersen to carry at least twenty of Queensland twenty-four seats in the House of Representatives.
Bjelke-Petersen held a rally in Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, on 31 January 1987, warning that the Coalition could not win government in the upcoming election and establishing himself as the "folksy alternative" to John Howard and the Liberal Party. A "Newspoll" recorded from 6–8 February 1987 found that 60% of voters believed a Bjelke-Petersen–Peacock ticket would be best placed to win the upcoming federal election, against only 22% in favour of Howard and Sinclair.
Split from Coalition.
At the end of February 1987, the Queensland National Party decided to withdraw its twelve federal members of parliament from the Coalition, and demanded that federal National Party leader Ian Sinclair also withdraw because of "basic differences in taxation and other philosophies and policies" between the Liberal and National parties. Within the Queensland National Party, the party president Sir Robert Sparkes enforced support for Bjelke-Petersen, making practical opposition within the Queensland ranks unlikely. However, tensions persisted even amongst Bjelke-Petersen's closest followers.
Although Sparkes had agreed to run the campaign, now known as "Joh for PM", he took the post only reluctantly and had tried to dissuade Bjelke-Petersen from running for federal office. Privately, Bjelke-Petersen and Sparkes had come to detest one another, with "their hatred for each other overwhelming the courtly setting and polite manners". Bjelke-Petersen would later claim that Sparkes was responsible for the subsequent failure of the "Joh for PM" campaign. The formal notice approving Bjelke-Petersen's run for the prime ministership was passed by a Queensland National Party Central Council in February 1987. It read:
Despite their success in the Queensland branch, Bjelke-Petersen and his newly independent Nationals faction received a humiliating setback in the Northern Territory election on 2 March, with the National Party failing to achieve much success despite Bjelke-Petersen's patronage and the Country Liberals continuing to dominate the territory. On 10 April, the Queensland MPs withdrew from the Coalition, leaving them in "the ridiculous position of being half in and half out of the federal National Party".
The perceived obstinacy of the Queensland National Party drew the ire of many senior Coalition members. Ian Sinclair refused to join Bjelke-Petersen's campaign and attempted to preserve the federal Coalition. On 29 April, as Hawke continued to capitalise on the Coalition's disunity, John Howard slammed the "real wreckers... Bjelke-Petersen and Sparkes, and the unilateral action of the Queensland branch [of the National Party] which set itself on a course of destruction with the Coalition". Although Howard was publicly critical of the "Joh for PM" campaign, it has been alleged that he was actually desperate to appease Bjelke-Petersen, at one point flying to Queensland to seek a compromise agreement.
The Coalition split in early May, with Ian Sinclair looking increasingly impotent and unable to ensure the loyalty of National Party members. At this point, Bob Sparkes reneged on his loyalty to Bjelke-Petersen and withdrew from the campaign. With his pool of supporters steadily decreasing, an effective challenge to the federal Coalition from Bjelke-Petersen began to look more and more unlikely.
Media.
Newspapers owned by Rupert Murdoch, particularly "The Australian", offered enthusiastic early support for the "Joh for Canberra" and "Joh for PM" campaigns. "The Australian" was edited by the pro Bjelke-Petersen editor Lee Hollings and vigorously advocated for Bjelke-Petersen's campaign, providing it with "much-needed momentum" in early January 1987. The stance taken by Murdoch, combined with sympathetic coverage in the "Courier Mail", meant that the campaign received a great deal of positive media attention. Some commentators have argued that "The Australian" did much to contribute to the defeat of the conservatives in the 1987 federal election. Liberal politician Ian Macphee has argued that the promotion of the "Joh for Canberra" and "Joh for PM" campaigns in "The Australian" was a case of the paper going "out of its way to fan the flames of disunity", contributing to the Hawke government's eventual victory.
Local dissent against the Bjelke-Petersen media narrative came from smaller publications. The University of Queensland's "Semper Floreat" and the independent magazine "The Cane Toad Times" provided authentic voices of Queensland opposition to Joh Bjelke-Petersen's campaign. "The Cane Toad Times" only addressed the campaign in reference to the Fitzgerald Inquiry that ousted Bjelke-Petersen in late 1987, stating that issues like the "Joh for Canberra" campaign, as with the Bjelke-Petersen government's aggressive support of the Springboks rugby tour of 1971 and the industrial disputes of 1984, had served to "keep the spotlight off the only real problem the National Party government had in Queensland [which was] corruption".
"Semper Floreat" was a persistent critic of the "Joh for Canberra" campaign. In its regular column "Letters from Kingaroy", the publication repeatedly mocked Bjelke-Petersen and his attempt to be elected to federal office. What both "Semper Floreat" and "The Cane Toad Times" shared was a view of Bjelke-Petersen as a repressive and autocratic figure trying to replicate a tradition of misgovernment on the federal stage. "The Cane Toad Times" satirically referred to Queensland as a "new Reich", while "Semper" claimed that "a lot of Queensland journalists have a sense of futility because of the immense control Joh Bjelke-Petersen holds in this state".
In Brisbane, the media had a degree of diversity that was largely absent from the rest of the state. Brisbane was also the area of Queensland where Bjelke-Petersen enjoyed the least amount of support. Outside the cosmopolitan south-east of Queensland, Bjelke-Petersen and the Nationals "benefited from a less diverse and competitive mass media", which helped to ensure their continuing electoral success.
End of campaign.
For all its fanfare, the "Joh for Canberra" campaign ended with a whimper rather than a bang. In May 1987, the expectations of Bjelke-Petersen's campaign were revised downwards to promoting Senate candidates like John Stone, who ran under the New Nationals banner, and the slogan "Joh for PM" was scrapped in favour of "Joh for Canberra", When prime minister Bob Hawke called a double dissolution election on 27 May 1987, Bjelke-Petersen was in the United States, visiting Disneyland, and had not yet nominated for a federal seat. His supporters at home rushed to find candidates for a pro-Bjelke-Petersen party, but were largely unsuccessful.
Despite the media furore created by the campaign, Bjelke-Petersen's bid for federal government lacked a "solid organisational basis and significant nationwide support". The bid collapsed and Bjelke-Petersen withdrew from his attempt to win a seat in federal parliament. Nonetheless, the effects of Bjelke-Petersen's grab for power were felt nationwide. With the National Party fractured, different campaigns, including "the Joh campaign, the Sinclair campaign [and] independent Joh campaigns" all ran simultaneously, leading to confusion and consternation among voters.
In the federal election, Labor performed exceptionally well in Queensland, gaining four seats to bring their Queensland tally to 13 of 24 seats. Although Bjelke-Petersen had withdrawn from the nationwide contest, the National Party still ran against the Liberals in many seats, and ran independent Senate tickets in every state except New South Wales. The federal National Party suffered a net loss of two seats, failing to expand upon its traditional rural base and hampered by disunity within its ranks.
In addition to a large number of three-cornered contests, many of the practices that had worked so well for Bjelke-Petersen over the last 19 years backfired on him. Many swing voters outside of Queensland, alarmed at the prospect of Bjelke-Petersen holding the balance of power, opted to vote Labor in order to ensure that the Coalition would be defeated. Queensland ALP secretary Peter Beattie remarked that "we couldn't have done it without Joh".
However, Bjelke-Petersen remained unrepentant. In an interview recorded in the aftermath of the election loss, Bjelke-Petersen insisted that he did not bear any of the blame for the result, and that the only thing he had to apologise for was withdrawing from the contest. He would later try to shift the blame to Robert Sparkes' attitude to the campaign, saying that "if Sparkes hadn't gummed it up, then it would've worked". Nonetheless, Sparkes' profile continued to grow in Queensland, and he was comfortably re-elected as head of the Queensland National Party in late 1987. Bjelke-Petersen went on to state that his internal polling suggested that, had he remained in the race, he would have been very competitive.
Bjelke-Petersen always remained unapologetic about his bid for federal leadership, repeatedly characterising it in his memoir as the "Joh Crusade," and insisting that he "did not want to be prime minister... I only wanted to go to Canberra to clean up a mess and put government there back on the right path".
Bjelke-Petersen's downfall.
As it turned out, the "Joh for Canberra" campaign was the last hurrah for Bjelke-Petersen and the Queensland Nationals. The campaign unnerved many even with the Queensland National Party, with Bjelke-Petersen's actions "perceived by many senior people without his party [as those] of a person who was convinced he was greater than his party".
The Fitzgerald Inquiry into corruption in Queensland began on 26 May 1987 and quickly implicated several high-ranking members of the National Party. The charges moved steadily up the ranks of the National Party and soon came to implicate Bjelke-Petersen, who was accused of systemic corruption and, later, narrowly avoided a conviction for perjury. Bjelke-Petersen's attempts to maintain his stranglehold on the National Party came to nothing, with senior ministers soon manoeuvring to remove him from office.
On 27 November, the culmination of the revolt saw the deposing of Bjelke-Petersen as National Party leader in favour of Mike Ahern. Bjelke-Petersen tried to stay on as premier for four more days before announcing his resignation on 1 December. A Morgan Gallup poll released three days later put Bjelke-Petersen's approval rating at a record low of 22%. In less than a year, he had gone from the apex of his political success to ruin—a surprisingly rapid decline given his long dominance of Queensland politics.
The Queensland Nationals never recovered from the revelations of rampant corruption in the Bjelke-Petersen government, and were resoundingly defeated by the ALP in the 1989 state election, suffering the worst defeat of a sitting government in Queensland history up to that time.
The appeal of Sir Joh.
Many commentators have written about Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen and the "Joh for Canberra" campaign in scathing terms. Historian Raymond Evans has claimed that it was waged "somewhat like Napoleon's ill-fated march on Moscow" while Rae Wear has likened Bjelke-Petersen to Mao Zedong. Much has been made of the sense of grandeur and self-delusion that seemed to pervade Bjelke-Petersen's attempt to run for federal office, and the role that Bjelke-Petersen's personality played in shaping the campaign. Rae Wear has cited the "Joh for Canberra" campaign as an example of "the old-age immortality project, whereby narcissistic and self-made politicians defy death by erecting lasting monuments to themselves". At the time of the campaign, Bjelke-Petersen was 75 and was eager to make a permanent mark on Australian politics before his retirement from public life.
Journalist Paul Kelly concurs that hubris was an important factor in Bjelke-Petersen's campaign. He quotes Bjelke-Petersen as saying "even if [the Nationals] don't win more seats than the Liberals I'll be prime minister", a statement that appears to confirm Bjelke-Petersen's self-delusion and ignorance of political realities. The widespread popularity that Bjelke-Petersen enjoyed in Queensland could not be transposed to the political atmosphere of federal politics.
While many historians have been damning about Joh Bjelke-Petersen and his legacy, they have also acknowledged the appeal he held in his home state. Bjelke-Petersen's popularity essentially rested on a belief in Queensland exceptionalism. As premier, Bjelke-Petersen cultivated his identification with the "ordinary, decent Queenslander and traded on small business and rural fears of rapid social change". Queensland premiers have often gained support by emphasising "rural agrarianism and mobilisation of the 'common people' against a vilifed elite," a tactic that Bjelke-Petersen mastered in his nineteen years as premier. In Queensland, Bjelke-Petersen had successfully built a coalition of religious conservatives, rural voters and business interests that could be relied upon for support. However, during the "Joh for Canberra" push, Bjelke-Petersen found that his appeal did not extend nationwide and that the dynamics of Queensland politics did not apply to the nation as a whole.


Tom Harrison (politician)

Thomas Hamlet Harrison (2 April 1864 – 20 June 1944) was an Australian politician who was a Country Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 1914 to 1924. He was the leader of the Country Party from 1919 to 1922.
Early life.
Harrison was born in Brailsford, Derbyshire, England. He emigrated to Australia in 1884, initially settling in Queensland, then moving to Victoria, and finally arriving in Western Australia in the 1890s. Harrison lived in Coolgardie and York for a period, and later became a wheat farmer at Doodlakine. He was elected to the Kellerberrin Road Board in 1911, and served until 1915, including as chairman for a period of time.
Politics and later life.
At the 1914 state election, Harrison stood for the newly formed Country Party and was elected to the seat of Avon. He replaced the retiring Labor member, Thomas Bath. In July 1919, following the resignation of Francis Willmott, Harrison was elected leader of the Country Party, which was then in a governing coalition with the Nationalist Party (led by the premier James Mitchell). He continued in the position until August 1922, when he resigned to protest the elevation of a Country MP, Richard Sampson, to cabinet (as Colonial Secretary). Harrison felt that Mitchell had an obligation to consult with him in matters regarding his party's MPs, which he had not fulfilled, and that a more senior member of the party should have received the promotion (Sampson having only been in parliament since the 1921 election).
The Country Party split into two rival factions in 1923, with Harrison joining the Ministerial (or Government) faction, which comprised supporters of the coalition with the Nationalists. At the 1924 state election, he was opposed by Harry Griffiths, a member of the Executive (or Opposition) faction, as well as several other candidates. He was defeated by a large margin, receiving only 18.9 percent of the first-preference vote as Griffiths was elected in his place. After leaving parliament, Harrison returned to his Doodlakine farm. He died in Kellerberrin in June 1944, aged 80.


Robert Fausset

Robert Fausset (born 8 August 1934) is a former Fine Gael politician from County Cavan in Ireland. He was nominated to Seanad Éireann in October 1981 and served until April 1982. He was a member of Cavan County Council for the Ballyjamesduff electoral area from 1999–2004. He stood for election to Dáil Éireann for the Cavan–Monaghan constituency, at the 1981 and February 1982 general elections, but was unsuccessful on both occasions.


Turahalli Forest

The Thurahalli Forest or Thurahalli Park is a dry and deciduous forest. It is located about 20 km from Bengaluru off Kanakapura Road. It is 13 km from Banashankari and can be overseen from the NICE road. Entry inside the park has been banned for vehicles, however, it has become a hot spot for cyclists.
It has a nice view and a small Shani temple on top of a rocky hill. As of today, Thurahalli forest is said to be Bengaluru's only surviving forest.
Rocks in the forest provide one of the few outdoor bouldering opportunities to the cities residents and have multiple established routes.
Wildlife.
Flora.
The majority of trees are eucalyptus. During August, the orchids ("Habenaria roxburghii") bloom, giving a brilliant white colour to contrast the green of the forest. The rocky terrains are great for lianas, the most common being Opilia amentacea. They bloom during the summer. These are mostly located in the Northern edge of the forest, surrounded by figs ("Ficus tinctoria"), nerale-mara ("Syzygium cumini") and rocks. The most common herb is the "Byttneria herbacea". It blooms throughout the year. Its flowers attract many beetles. Legumes, specifically "Indigofera karnatakana" are found here. "Ixora pavetta" bloom during the summer. They have an intoxicating fragrance.
Fauna.
Many animals can be spotted, including spotted deer, wild boar, hares, jackals, lizards, mongooses, etc. Turahalli is also famous for its bird population, which includes rare jungle birds like Eagle-owl, Sirkeer malkoha, common flameback woodpecker, and blue rock thrush, in addition to relatively common jungle birds like peafowl, green bee-eater, paradise flycatcher, white-throated fantail flycatcher, jungle babbler, rufous treepie, black drongo, white-breasted kingfisher, pond heron, spotted dove, purple-rumped sunbird, oriental white-eye, barn swallow, red-rumped swallow, small minivet, white-browed bulbul, red-vented bulbul, common iora, oriental magpie robin; birds of the plains like rufous-tailed lark and pied bushchat, in addition to common urban birds like house crows, jungle crows, common mynas, black kites, brahminy kites, blue rock pigeons, Asian koels, and more.
Activities.
Turahalli offers excellent biking trails. It is also among the few places within the city for natural rock climbing in addition to Avathi and Raogodlu. Rocks are granite, with various sizes and shapes. Many climbers practice regularly, in preparation for local or international competitions.
Endangerment.
The forest is the last one surviving in Bengaluru. It has slowly been encroached upon. It has also been used as an illegal garbage dump, which has negatively affected the wildlife. Frequent fires during the summers, both natural and those caused by locals, have significantly impacted certain species of plants that grow in this forest. The BBMP also opened a sewage treatment plant near the forest. There is also a problem with poaching. Land has also been illegally cleared to grow crops. Over the past few years, efforts have been made by nearby residents to clean up and to prevent further encroachment and dumping of waste in the forest.


Ted Bramley

Edward F. Bramley (1905 – February 1989), known as Ted Bramley, was a British communist activist.
Biography.
Born in Westminster, while still young, Bramley moved to Detroit with his family, but they returned to London during World War I. Ted became an engineer and joined the Amalgamated Engineering Union.
Bramley's father was a member of the Social Democratic Federation and the Industrial Workers of the World, and Ted joined the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) in 1927. He rapidly rose through the party, joining the Central Committee in 1932 and attending a Comintern meeting in 1933. He stood in Hammersmith North at the 1931 general election, and again in a 1934 by-election, but did not come close to election.
Bramley wished to fight in the Spanish Civil War, but the CPGB refused him permission to do so, preferring him to remain in the UK, and appointing him as London District Secretary in 1937. He again hoped to enlist during World War II, but was rejected because he had suffered from tuberculosis. Instead, he focussed on his party work, leading a movement to occupy London Underground stations during bombing raids. This work led to his election, in 1946, to the London County Council in Mile End, alongside fellow communist Jack Gaster.
While a councillor, Bramley led a movement to occupy empty luxury flats, in order to house returning service personnel. He was charged with conspiracy, and received a suspended sentence. Facing illness, he resigned as London District Secretary in 1947, but continued to stand in elections, failing to hold his council seat in 1949, then standing unsuccessfully in Stepney at the 1951 general election.
Around this time, Bramley retired to Hertfordshire and entered farming, writing on this topic for the "Morning Star".
Personal life.
Ted Bramley married Kathleen Margaret Ogilvie (1917-2002) in 1939 and had three children; Ian (1943), Richard (1947) and Glen (1949)


Cheverny AOC

Cheverny is a French wine region in the Loire Valley that makes dry white wines, light red wines and "rosé" wines. The area received AOVDQS ("Appellation d'Origine Vin Délimité de Qualité Supérieure") status in 1973, and then AOC ("Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée") on 26 March 1993 when new regulatory laws were passed. The wine region is spread over 532 hectares, within 24 communes of the Loir-et-Cher department.
The white wines are composed of Sauvignon blanc grapes, at a proportion of 60%–80%, blended with Arbois, Chardonnay or Pineau Blanc de la Loire grapes. A small proportion is made into sparkling wine. The red wines are composed of Gamay grapes, at a proportion of 40%–65%, blended with Pinot noir grapes. Cabernet Franc and Côt can be used to make up to 15% of the wine. Pineau d'Aunis is added to these grape varieties when making rosés.
AOC regulations.
Base yield is fixed at 50 hl/ha for red wines, 55 hl/ha for rosé wines and 60hl/ha for white wines. The density of vine plantations should be between 3500 and 4500 feet/ha. White wines made from Romorantin grapes bear the appellation of Cour-Cheverny.
Area of production.
Only wines made from grapes grown on the land of the following 24 communes can claim Cheverny appellation: Candé-sur-Beuvron, Cellettes, Cheverny, Chitenay, Cormeray, Cour-Cheverny, Feings, Fougères-sur-Bièvre, Fresnes, Huisseau-sur-Cosson, Maslives, Les Montils, Montlivault, Mont-près-Chambord, Muides-sur-Loire, Ouchamps, Saint-Claude-de-Diray, Saint-Dyé-sur-Loire, Saint-Laurent-Nouan, Sambin, Seur, Tour-en-Sologne and Vineuil, as well as a part of the Monthou-sur-Bièvre commune.


Neobalanocarpus

Neobalanocarpus is a monotypic genus of plants in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The single species, Neobalanocarpus heimii, is a tropical hardwood tree. Common names for the tree and its wood products include chengal, chan ta khien, chi-ngamat, takian chan, and takian chantamaeo. The tree grows over tall. Chengal is considered the number one wood (classified as heavy hardwood) of Malaysia and export of logs is prohibited due to its scarcity. The species is listed as endangered on the IUCN Red list.
Distribution.
"Neobalanocarpus heimii" is endemic to the Malay Peninsula and grows under quite a range of conditions of soils and topography in Peninsular Malaysia (and southern Thailand) from low flat semi-swamp to hills, but appears to thrive best on undulating land with light sandy soils. See Wildlife of Malaysia. It is now extinct in Singapore, and possibly extinct in Thailand.
Description.
"Neobalanocarpus heimii" can grow to be a large tree over 60 metres tall, with a straight, unbranched trunk, averaging 90cm in diameter, and with obvious supporting buttresses. Its simple, leathery leaves are arranged alternately, and are elliptical to lanceolate, between 7 to 17 cm in length, and 2.5 to 5cm in width.
It is widespread in mixed dipterocarp forests, growing to altitudes up to , preferring soils that are friable and well-drained land.
Uses.
Chengal has been used for furniture making, house and boat-building. Despite its extreme strength and hardness, chengal is highly flexible before it is fully cured, making it suitable for plank bending (boat building). It is also highly resistant to rot, fungi and mildew. In addition, chengal has a relatively low shrinkage ratio (only inferior to teak), which makes it excellent for applications where it undergoes periodic changes in moisture. Chengal, like teak, has the unusual properties of being both an excellent structural timber for framing, planking, etc., while at the same time being easily worked and finished to a high degree.
Chengal may be varnished but does not necessarily need a "finish". The wood naturally weathers to a silver-grey colour similar to teak. It can be easily planed, drilled or turned. Nailing is very difficult and the wood often has to be pre-drilled.
Durability.
The timber is classified as naturally durable and is normally very resistant to termite attack and fungal infestation. Under graveyard test conditions, untreated specimens of size 50 mm × 50 mm × 600 mm lasted 9 years. Treated specimen of the same size and test conditions lasted about 19 years. Untreated railway sleepers of size 238 mm × 125 mm × 1,950 mm laid under severe environmental conditions gave an average service life of 19 years. Termites do not attack the sound timber.


Leonard Cockayne

Leonard Cockayne (7 April 1855 – 8 July 1934) is regarded as New Zealand's greatest botanist and a founder of modern science in New Zealand.
Biography.
He was born in Sheffield, England where he attended Wesley College. He travelled to Australia in 1877 and shortly moved on to New Zealand where he became established as a botanist.
In June 1901, he attended the first conference of horticulturists in New Zealand at Dunedin where he presented a paper on the plants of the Chatham Islands and advocated the establishment of experimental plant research stations in New Zealand. This helped to establish Cockayne's reputation.
Cockayne was a member of the 1907 Sub-Antarctic Islands Scientific Expedition. The main aim of the expedition was to extend the magnetic survey of New Zealand by investigating Auckland and Campbell Islands but botanical, biological and zoological surveys were also conducted. The voyage also resulted in rescue of the castaways of the shipwreck the "Dundonald" in the Auckland Islands.
Cockayne's major contributions to botany were in plant ecology and in his theories of hybridisation. In 1899 he published the first New Zealand account of successional changes in vegetation. Between 1897 and 1930 he published 49 papers in the "Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand".
He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1912 on the proposal of Sir J. D. Hooker and was awarded the Hector Memorial Medal in that same year. In 1914 he was awarded the Hutton Memorial Medal and in 1932 the Veitch Memorial Medal of the Royal Horticultural Society.
Cockayne corresponded frequently with famous botanists all over the world. This helped facilitate the publication of New Zealand papers in overseas journals. He was also instrumental in bringing visitors to New Zealand. Johannes Paulus Lotsy, the Dutch botanist, lectured on the place of hybrids in evolution. The Swedish couple Einar and Greta Du Rietz stayed six months in the summer of 1926–27 collecting from the Far North to the subantarctic islands, paying special attention to lichens. The director of Kew Gardens, Sir Arthur Hill, came in 1928.
Cockayne also assisted and encouraged fellow botanists in their work. He was thanked by co-authors Robert Malcolm Laing and Ellen Wright Blackwell in the preface of their classic book of New Zealand biology "Plants of New Zealand" for "helping us over many slippery places and for much generous assistance freely given”. He encouraged Charles Ethelbert Foweraker, later senior lecturer in botany, and sometime lecturer in charge of the Forestry School, at the University of Canterbury, in his career, the two men having first corresponded in 1911 when Cokayne was writing "The Vegetation of New Zealand"; the two went together on many expeditions in Marlborough and Canterbury.
In the 1929 King's Birthday Honours, Cockayne was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George, for honorary scientific services to the New Zealand government.
The Cockayne Reserve in Christchurch, Cockayne Memorial Garden at Christchurch Botanic Gardens, the Cockayne Nature Walk near Otira on the West Coast, and the Cockayne Lookout in Otari-Wilton's Bush (Wellington) dedicated solely to New Zealand native plants, are all named after him. His son Alfred Cockayne also became a noted botanist.


Klintholm Manor

Klintholm is an estate near Mons Klint on the Danish island of Møn. Originally owned by the Crown, since 1798 the estate has belonged to the Scavenius family. In 1838, a three-winged stone complex was built by G.F. Hetsch in the Neoclassical style and in 1875, a new manor house designed by August Klein in the Renaissance Revival style was completed but it was demolished in 2000.
History.
Until 1769, the area was part of the Crown estate of Højemøn. As far as can be seen from surviving records, a merchant from Stubbekøbing by the name of Ditlev Staal bought the estate in 1774 and constructed the first buildings between 1778 and 1780. They included a dairy, long and wide. It was around this period that the name Klintholm appeared for the first time. Until then, the estate had been known as Klintegodset (the cliff estate). Staal maintained ownership for only 10 years until his death in 1797. In June 1798, Jacob Brønnum Scavenius bought the property.
Jacob Scavenius purchased numerous properties in the surroundings, extending the estate to an area of some . In 1819, all the Klintholm buildings were destroyed by fire but were quickly reconstructed in 1820. The new complex included a brick factory and a limestone plant. The estate was efficiently run for several generations. Carl Sophus Scavenius who found the main building too small for his wife and 10 children, built a grandiose new manor in 1875. He also developed the harbour village of Klintholm Havn which served to transport the estate's products.
In 1945, the estate came into the hands of Carl Christian Scavenius. He managed it with great enthusiasm, acquiring Denmark's first herd of Hereford cattle. He also encouraged tourism by setting up the Møns Klint Camping and the Ålekroen, a restaurant in Klinthom Havn.
New manor house.
The manor house built in 1873 was known as Kammerherreboligen. It was designed by August Klein in the so-called Rosenborg style, a Renaissance variant based on the architecture of Rosenborg Castle. With its tower, its projecting lateral wings, its mansard roof, Dutch gables, large windows and sculpted limestone decorations, the grandiose building fully reflected the Historicist trends of the times. Inside, the main entrance below the tower led into a large vaulted hall with rich stucco decorations, similar those in the other ground floor rooms with their fine parquet floors. The library was particularly impressive with its carved shelving. The decorations were the work of Adolph Hellesen (1831–1890).
Dry rot first began to appear in the building in the 1940s. After the family moved out in 1964, it spread more quickly. In 1983, many of the furnishings and artefacts were auctioned off. Judged unsafe by the authorities, the building was demolished in the spring of 2000.


Mayabazar (2006 film)

Maya Bazar is a socio fantasy Telugu film released in 2006 directed by Indraganti Mohanakrishna starring Bhumika Chawla, Raja Abel in the lead roles. Music is composed by Radhakrishnan.
Plot.
Srinivas (Raja Abel) hails from a poor farmer's family and his father committed suicide because of heavy debts. He makes a living by working as a driver with a business man (Tanikella Bharani). Though he earns small amount of money, he is always ready to share some percentage of it with orphans. Bhaskar (Ali) is his friend and room-mate. One day, he goes to the Airport to drop his employer. He happens to see a little girl Siri (Baby Harshita) who is abandoned by her parents. He takes her with him only to find that she is suffering from a terminal heart condition. Doctors advice him to immediately get her operated upon, which costs Rs 3 lakhs. He also accidentally meets Anupama (Bhumika Chawla) who keeps secretly following him.
Unable to find a way to gather money for the surgery, he decides to fulfill her last wish by taking her to Tirumala. He asks Bhaskar to take Siri for darshan and waits in a park cursing the Lord Venkateswara, and Lord Kubera who lent money to the former who is collecting interest from the devotees. Understanding his eagerness to help others, Kubera (S. P. Balasubrahmanyam) appears before him in disguise and offers him Rs. 5 lakhs. Kubera also takes a word from him that he would repeat the same gesture whenever he asks. Srinivas gets Siri operated, and starts a business with the remaining amount. He eventually becomes rich and donates half of his profits for the welfare of orphans and poor farmers. Anupama also joins him to help in his good deeds.
Kubera goes to Srinivas's house and does household chores there to be relieved from a curse given by a sage. Anupama and Srinivas fall in love with each other. Kubera asks for the life of Srinivas to get early relief from his curse. Srinivas reveals it to Anupama and asks her to forget him and take care of Siri. Anupama insists that he marry her. When Kubera comes to take Srinu's life, he finds that he is getting married and is forced to take part as bride's father. Later it is revealed that Anupama is the daughter of Kubera and the drama was enacted by Narada (Dharmavarapu Subrahmanyam) with the help of Kubera's wife Vriddhi, and his servant Virupaksha (Gundu Sudarshan). Kubera is in a difficult state now as taking the life of Srinivas leaves his daughter a widow. Srinivas asks Kubera to stop taking money from the devotees so that it can be used for helping the poor. Hearing those words, Kubera's curse is lifted. All ends well.


James Dillon (Irish senator)

James Dillon (died 5 November 1955) was an Irish politician and farmer who served for thirteen years in the Seanad of the Irish Free State.
He was elected for twelve years at the 1925 Seanad election representing the Farmers' Party, and remained a senator until the Free State Seanad was abolished in 1936.


Bianca (grape)

Bianca is a white Hungarian wine grape variety that was developed in 1963 in the Eger wine region of northeast Hungary. The grape is a hybrid crossing of Bouvier and Eger 2 (an offspring of Villard blanc). The grape was officially register for use in wine production in 1982 and today is used to make a wide assortment of wines from dry varietals to sweet dessert wines. Bianca is growing in popularity among organic vineyards due to its natural high resistance to many fungal diseases that affect grapevines.
History.
Bianca was developed in 1963 at the Kölyuktetö viticultural research facility in Eger. Viticulturists László Bereznai and József Csizmazia crossed the Slovenia wine grape Bouvier (believed to be an offspring of the Pinot grape) with Eger 2 (a selfling of Villard blanc). The grape was originally named "Egri Csillagok 40" meaning "star of Eger" with 40 being a breeding code but was officially registered under the name Bianca when it was authorized for wine production in 1982.
In Serbia, Bianca was crossed with Petra to create two different pink-berried wine grape varieties, Bačka and Rubinka, which have been authorized for use in wine production since 2002.
Viticulture.
Bianca is an early to mid budding grape variety that is known for its winter hardiness and resistance to the viticultural hazards of spring time frost damage. The vine is an early ripening variety which makes suitable for cultivation in wine regions with harsh continental climates and short growing seasons.
The grape clusters of Bianca tend to be medium-sized to very large but the berries tend always be small in size with a noticeable waxy coating. The grapevine has strong resistance to many fungal diseases that can infect grapevines which has contributed to Bianca's popularity among organic vine growers. The vine can also be very vigorous, producing a large leafy canopy that needs to be kept in check with canopy management techniques, and high yielding. Among the viticultural hazards that Bianca is susceptible to is coulure which can be brought about due to poor weather conditions during flowering.
Wine regions.
As of 2012, there were of Bianca planted in Hungary, the vast majority in the Kunság region where there in 2012. Outside of Hungary some planting of the grape can be found in the Russian wine regions of Krasnodar Krai where there in cultivation in 2009. In Moldova, there were of Bianca being used in wine production as of 2012.
Styles.
According to Master of Wine Jancis Robinson, Bianca tends to produce relatively neutral tasting wines that have moderate alcohol levels and can have some floral aromatics. The styles of wines made from Bianca are highly influenced by harvest time decisions with earlier harvested grapes tending to produce wines with what Robinson describes as more "exotic" aromas. In the winery, the wine made from Bianca is highly prone to oxidation with care needing to be taken to avoid the development of wine faults.
Synonyms.
Over the years, Bianca has been known under a variety of synonyms including: Biahka, Bianka, EC 40, ECS 40, Egri Csillagok 40 and May Rot.


Steffen Olai Steffensen

Steffen Olai Steffensen (1842 – ??) was a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.
He was elected to the Parliament of Norway in 1897, representing the constituency of Akershus Amt. He was a farmer. He sat through one term.


Henk Angenent

Henk Angenent (born 1 November 1967) is a retired Dutch speed skater, specialising in marathon skating and the longer distances. Angenent won the Elfstedentocht on 4 January 1997, outsprinting favourite Erik Hulzebosch at the finish.
On 12 March 2004 in Calgary, Angenent skated 41.669 km in one hour, which was the world record in this event until 15 March 2007, when Casper Helling skated 300 metres more. The previous world record was Roberto Sighel's 41.041 km from 24 March 1999. He won a 4th place at the 10,000 metres of the 2003 World Single Distance Championships, after Bob de Jong, Carl Verheijen and Lasse Sætre. Earlier that year he became Dutch champion on the same distance at the KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships.
Angenent is a farmer, he grows mainly Brussels sprouts. After winning the Elfstedentocht many interviews were done with Angenent and this subject came up on many occasions. When marathon speedskating became more popular in the Netherlands and the Six Days of the Greenery were introduced, the overall leader of the race wears a Brussels sprout suit. So far he wore the suit himself once in the 2000–01 season. He wore the orange suit for the leader of the Essent Cup a total of 13 days. With his 21 career wins of speed skating marathons on artificial tracks he is ranked 11th together with Henk Portengen and K. C. Boutiette. He is however 3rd in the ranking of still active skaters, behind Jan Maarten Heideman and Cédric Michaud.
Results.
Personal bests.
Angenent has an Adelskalender score of 160.177 points.


Maroonah

Maroonah Station, often referred to as Maroonah, is a pastoral lease that operates as a sheep station.
It is located about east of Coral Bay and south of Onslow in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.
Maroonah occupies an area of and shares boundaries with Towera, Lyndon, Mangaroon, Ullawarra, Edmund and Glenflorrie Stations as well as the Barlee Range Wildlife Sanctuary. The traditional owners of the area are the Tharrkari who currently lease and manage neighbouring Ullawarra station.
Maroonah was established in 1893 by J. H. Mansfield and began trading in wool the same year. Mansfield had previously managed Karratha and Middalya Stations before acquiring Maroonah. Following the death of Mansfield in 1907 the property was being run his wife, Annie Mansfield, and the manager of the property John Griffin.
The station was flooded in 1909 following severe weather that washed away miles of fencing. Later the same year shearing produced a clip of over 150 bales of wool from the flock of 10,000 sheep. Mrs. Mansfield died in 1911 and the partnership of Mansfield and Griffin was dissolved in 1912, with Maroonah being put up for auction later the same year.
At the time it occupied an area of subdivided into nine paddocks with of fencing. It was watered by nine wells and stocked with 10,200 sheep and 70 horses. The purchaser was W. S. Finey who hired G. F. Egan to be the stations manager. When Finey arrived he found the property in the grip of a drought and plagued by dingos. The stock was mustered and it was found that only 2,000 sheep were present.
Frank Craig, the owner of Portree and Yalbalgo Stations, acquired Maroonah in October 1913. The Craig family remained associated with the property with Gordon Craig dying in 1951.
In 2009 the traditional owners of the area, the Thudgari people, were awarded native title of some in the area including Maroonah, Glenflorrie and Mangaroon Stations. The land use agreement will allow the Thudgari access to their traditional lands to hunt, gather and camp.
Maroonah, Mangaroon and Diamond Downs were on the market in 2018, the properties had a combined area of and were carrying about 5,000 head of droughtmaster cattle. The properties were listed at 7 million.


Charles Wallace Stewart

Charles Wallace Stewart (9 June 1885 – 4 March 1950) was a Progressive party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in York County, Ontario and became a farmer. From 1908 to 1918, he was reeve of Pleasantdale, Saskatchewan,
The son of Stephen W.L Stewart and Sarah Pattenden, Stewart was educated in Brandon, Manitoba and Winnipeg. In 1911, he married Frances H. Singer. He was elected to Parliament at the Humboldt riding in the 1921 general election. After serving his only federal term, the 14th Canadian Parliament, Stewart was defeated in the 1925 federal election by Albert Frederick Totzke of the Liberal party. He died of liver and colon cancer in 1950.


JZ Moyo High School

JZ Moyo High School (Jason Ziyaphapha Moyo High School), formerly Majoda School, is a co-educational government high school. It is located in the former Majoda Farm, approximately 12 km north of West Nicholson on the road to Filabusi and Mavako, in Matabeleland South province, Zimbabwe. JZ Moyo High is part of the ZIMFEP group of schools.
The school started in 1982 mainly as a school for refugees and former guerrillas. The founding headmaster is Paulos Matjaka Nare and the deputy headmaster was Mr. Sibanda. Paulos Matjaka Nare was a Parliamentary Candidate for MDC in the 2000 parliamentary elections poll, Gwanda South constituency, where he got 7,944 votes compared to Abednico Ncube of ZANU (PF) 9,913 and Mchasisi Nare (Ind) 674. After Nare's retirement the school remained headed by Mr Sibanda. Due to political instability his term of headship was terminated by political activists.
In February 2006 the school had problems feeding its students due to a grave shortage of mealie meal.
Academics.
All the students are boarders. Form four to upper six boys reside in a hostel called Sheraton whilst form one to three boys reside in old buildings usually called emabharakeni (the barracks). Girls reside in the eBhalagwe, whose name is taken from the area where the notorious Zimbabwean Fifth Brigade used to jail civilians during Gukurahundi. The students are classed according to their hostels, also called houses, and these are Inyathi, Ingwe, Isilwane and Impala.
From its inception in 1982 JZ Moyo High School has also been home to foreign students mainly from Botswana and South Africa. This has become less so however in recent years due to political instability in the country and deterioration of the public image of Zimbabwean Education. In 2009 the school was rated 17th top schools in the country.
Cinema project.
In 1995 a cinema project was launched by the sons of an expatriate couple, teaching at JZ. The brothers Daan and Wouter Dijkstra (at that time 14 and 15 years old) used a vacant school building to show a movie every Wednesday. The project became a success, offering entertainment and education to more than 120 children a week.
A wide screen TV and a video recorder were funded through Dutch development aid by NIZA (formerly known as KZA). To make the project durable Students would pay 1 Zim$ to watch the movie. After 2 years the two boys went back to Holland and donated the remaining money to the school.
Religion.
It is a Christian school. A Christian union was established in 1996 by Mr and Mrs Sebatha.


Karst Shepherd

The Karst Shepherd ( or "" ) is a breed of dog of the livestock guardian type, originating in Slovenia. This breed is recognised by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale.
Appearance.
The Karst Shepherd Dog is of medium size, harmonious, robust, endowed with a well-developed musculature and a strong constitution. The tail and ears are hanging. Length of body in proportion to height at withers should be no less than 9 : 8. Skull is a little longer (13 to 14 cm) than the muzzle (11 to 12 cm / 4.3 to 4.7 in). Width of skull (13 to 14 cm / 5.2 to 5.5 in) is equal to its length.
Their hair is well furnished, long, flat, with abundant undercoat. The head the front edges of the ears and the front part of the legs covered with short hair. The back edge of the ears has longer and more supple hair. In its upper region, the neck has long hair, stiff and very bushy forming a mane; in its lower part, the hair is longer and more supple forming a ruff which is wider at the set of the neck. The trunk and belly have long hair which becomes less hard on the belly. The tail regularly bushy, does not form a plume. On the back side of the forequarters, the long hair is very supple forming fringes. On the back side of the hindquarters, the hair is even longer and bushy forming culottes. The length of the top coat is at least .
Coat is iron grey; especially on the back, a dark shade is preferred; towards the belly and the limbs, the colour turns without visible transition to a light grey or sandy colour, with a dark streak on the front parts of the limbs. The dark mask on the muzzle spreads on to the skull. On the back part of the head it is bordered with grey or sandy or pale fawn hair overlaid with black.
Height at the withers for dogs is 57 to 63 cm with an ideal size of , and weight is 30 to 42 kg (66 to 92.4 lbs). Females are 54 to 60 cm with an ideal size of and a weight of 25 to 37 kg (55 to 81.4 lbs).
Temperament.
The breed standard describes the dog as having a sharp temperament and strong individuality, distrustful of strangers. It's a good guard dog. Like all large dogs, the Karst Shepherd needs to be well socialized while very young, with people if the dog is to be a companion, and with livestock if the dog is to be a guardian. If the breed's background is taken into consideration, and if the dog is well socialized and trained, he may make a good family dog. Temperament of individual dogs may vary.
History.
The Karst Shepherd is named after the Karst Plateau in Slovenia and more generally after the Karst landscape that extends to Croatia and partly in Bosnia and Herzegovina, from the Gulf of Trieste to the Dinaric Alps. Mostly bred in Slovenia and Istria in Croatia. The ancestral type of the modern day breed travelled with shepherds through this area, and most likely came with ancient nomadic pastoralists. In the 20th century, when the landrace shepherd dogs began to be documented as a modern breed, it was first referred to as the Illyrian Shepherd (1939). Karst Shephard and Šarplaninac were considered Type A and B of the Illyrian Shepherd Dog by the Yugoslavian Federation of Cynology for some time, leading to some cases of crossing between both breeds. After comparing typical dogs of both "Types" the Federation recognised Karst Shephard and Šarplaninac as two distinct breeds in 1968.
The Fédération Cynologique Internationale recognises the breed in Group 2, Section 2.2 Molossoid breeds-Mountain type, number 278. The breed has also been exported to the United States, where it is recognised by The United Kennel Club in the Guardian Dog Group. The breed is also recognised by various minor kennel clubs and internet-based dog registry businesses, and is promoted as a rare breed for those seeking a unique pet.
During the 20th century there were several periods when the number of Karst Shephards was low. Fearing inbreeding a decision was made to introduce a single male Newfoundland into the population. The total number (including puppies, sterilised dogs and dogs not suitable for breeding) of Karst Shepherds in 2008 was estimated between 600 and 700.
A breeding program was accepted in 2009 to boost the number of dogs, improve their characteristics and preserve their genetic diversity. To avoid popular sire effect every sire can father up to 3 litters, sire must be unrelated to the dam (no common great grandparents), genetic distance between them must be higher than 0.45. Dogs with heritable diseases, atypical physical and behavioural characteristics are excluded from the program. Exceptions are possible with DLVKOS permission.


Bear River Winery

Bear River Winery is a winery in Meadow Vista, California in the United States.
History.
Bear River Winery was created by Jeff Evans and Mike Walker in the late 2000s. Bear River Winery produced its first official commercial production in 2009 and officially opened the Tasting Room at the winery in Meadow Vista in 2013.
The Winery received its name from the Bear River which flows nearby and is viewable in the winter months.
In December 2018, Bear River Winery opened a Tasting Room in Old Town Auburn located in the Gold Rush Plaza at 111 Sacramento Street, suite i.
Awards.
2018
2016
2015


Walhallow Station

Walhallow Station also once known as Walhallow Downs often just referred to as Walhallow is a pastoral lease that operates as a cattle station in the Northern Territory of Australia.
Location.
It is located about north west of Elliott and north east of Tennant Creek in the Northern Territory. Walhallow shares a boundary to the north with Mallapunyah Station, to the south and east with Cresswell Downs, and to the south and west with Anthony Lagoon.
Description.
Occupying an area of of open plains, mitchell grass downs, coolabah woodland and spinifex desert situated on the Barkly Tableland. The station has a carrying capacity of 50,000 head of Brahman cattle. The neighbouring property to the south is Anthony Lagoon.
History.
The first Europeans to explore the area, which was Kotandji land , were Ernest Favenc and Nathaniel Buchanan who conducted expeditions around the Barkly Tableland area in 1878.
The property was first settled by John Bassett and William Christian in 1881. Christian was still an owner of the station in 1907 a mob of 1,325 cattle were droved to Springfield.
Walhallow was sold in 1913 along with all of the plant and stock to Messrs Cumming and Capper. The station was reported to have an area of approximately at this time.
Very heavy rains fell in 1925 with the station recording of rain in the first three months of the year. Borroloola on the McArthur River received an equivalent amount.
In 1929 an Aboriginal employee at the station was murdered by two caucasian employees. The aborigine named Paddy had stolen some sweet potatoes from the homestead garden and was confronted by the white-man, William John Everitt. Paddy then attacked Everitt and while they were wrestling the other white-man, William John Faulk, pulled Paddy off and sent him back to camp with a kick. Paddy's body was found later beaten to death. Both Faulk and Everitt were charged with murder and taken to Darwin for trial.
Walhallow was once the headquarters of Peter Sherwin and the Sherwin Pastoral Company and was in his possession in 1987.
The station was purchased by Paraway Pastoral Company, funded by Macquarie Pastoral, in 2009 along with other Georgina Pastoral company and AACo. properties including Clonagh and Davenport Downs. Paraway still owned the property in 2012, under the management of Cameron Fulcher. The property is run in conjunction with Cresswell Downs.


Anders Olson Lysne

Anders Olson Lysne (born 1764, died 1803), was a farmer who led the Lærdal farmers' rebellion from 1800 to 1802. The rebellion began after the government of Denmark-Norway ordered that the farmers of Lærdal had to do compulsory military service in addition to compulsory labor on The Bergen King's Road. The farmers in Lærdal had been exempted from military service due to the heavy duty work on the stretch of road that went from Lærdal over the mountain pass known as Filefjell and to the district of Valdres.
The rebellion lasted for two years until the rebels were defeated on 9 July 1802 when the government sent 500 men led by Lieutenant Wilhelm Jürgensen, to Lærdal to crush the rebellion. Lysne was then captured, and he was sentenced to death and beheaded in June 1803 in Bergen. Lysne was around the age of 41 when he was executed.
Lysne was the only leader of the revolt to be sentenced to death. The other leaders of the uprising were sentenced to imprisonment. After the uprising, the farmers military service was organized as the Lærdal Light Infantry Company and its first commander was Wilhelm Jürgensen.


Cecil Calvert (politician)

Cecil Calvert is a unionist politician in Northern Ireland, and long-serving councillor on Lisburn City Council.
Calvert worked for the B Specials Constabulary and as a farmer before joining the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP). In 1985, he was elected to Lisburn Borough Council, representing Killultagh, County Antrim. He held his seat at each subsequent election, serving as Mayor of Lisburn in 2004 – 05.
Calvert was elected to the Northern Ireland Forum, representing Lagan Valley, but failed to take a seat at the 1998 Northern Ireland Assembly election.
Calvert carried a Union Jack during a St Patrick's Day parade in Seattle in 2005
In June 2007, Calvert resigned from the DUP, objecting to the party's decision to enter government with Sinn Féin. He subsequently joined Traditional Unionist Voice (TUV) but resigned in March 2011.


Graduate School of Agri-Food Management and Economics

The Graduate School of Agri-Food Management and Economics (), or SMEA, is a specializing school of Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore.
History.
SMEA was born in Cremona in 1984 as the School of Specialization and Master in Economics of Agro-Food System initiative of the Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Catholic. Since 1997, the SMEA is part of ASFOR. Since 2005 is part of the system of Università Cattolica's Postgraduate Schools.


John Counihan

John Joseph Counihan (1879 – 30 October 1953) was an Irish politician. He was a member of Seanad Éireann from 1922 to 1936 and from 1938 to 1951. He was first elected to the Seanad in 1922. He did not serve in the 2nd Seanad. From 1938 onwards, he was elected by the Agricultural Panel. He was variously an independent, Cumann na nGaedheal and Fine Gael member of the Seanad.


Parkin (cake)

Parkin is a gingerbread cake traditionally made with oatmeal and black treacle, which originated in northern England. Often associated with Yorkshire. it is very widespread and popular elsewhere, notably in Lancashire. Parkin is baked to a hard cake but with resting becomes moist and even sometimes sticky. In Hull and East Yorkshire, it has a drier, more biscuit-like texture than in other areas. Parkin is traditionally eaten on Guy Fawkes Night, 5 November, but is also enjoyed throughout the winter months. It is baked commercially throughout Yorkshire, but is mainly a domestic product in other areas.
Etymology.
The origin of the word "parkin" is unknown. The first published dated reference to parkin was collected from 1728 from the West Yorkshire Quarter Sessions when Anne Whittaker was accused of stealing oatmeal to make parkin. The Lancashire weaver Tim Bobbin describes "tharf cake" in 1740, and this is recognisable as a parkin. A possible older use of parkin is in the seventeenth century ballad " 'The song of Arthur O'Bradley' " that purports to describe a merry wedding from the time of Robin Hood (fourteenth century)
The tharf cake is of ancient Teutonic origin, as "tharf" or "theorf" meant unleavened, un-fermented, solid tough or sodden in Old English. John Wycliffe in his translation of the Bible in 1389 (Mark Ch.14.v. 1) calls unleavened bread a "tharf "loove""
History.
Parkin is virtually unknown in the south of England. It is eaten in an area where oats were the staple grain for the poor, rather than wheat. It is closely related to tharf cake – an unsweetened cake cooked on a griddle rather than baked. The traditional time of the year for tharf cakes to be made was directly after the oat harvest in the first week in November. For festive occasions, the cake would be sweetened with honey. In the seventeenth century (about 1650) sugar started to be imported from Barbados, and molasses was a by-product of the refining process. Molasses was first used by apothecaries; to make a medicine theriaca, from which name the word treacle is derived. As molasses became plentiful, or "treacle" as it became called at that time, it was substituted for honey in the preparation of tharf cakes.
In Northern Europe honey was used as a medicine, for festive cakes and making mead; before 1750 sweetness was not a characteristic of everyday food. Honey cakes had a special festive significance. They were baked to be hard, but after storage for a couple of weeks they regained their moisture becoming soft and even sticky. Molasses has hygroscopic properties. German Lebkuchen and Pfefferkuchen were other examples of hygroscopic holiday ginger-breads. They too were baked hard in summer and allowed to moisten for consumption at Christmas.
Though parkin and tharf cake appear to be synonymous, all parkins generally were sweet tharf cakes.
Tharf cake.
Parkin and tharf cake were used interchangeably in Lancashire and South Yorkshire until 1900. Over the 500 years the recipe and taste of these cakes have changed considerably. It was the food of the poor. Ovens were rare in the houses of the poor, and they generally had no access to public bakers before the 1820s, so the cakes were cooked on griddles or bakestones on an open fire. The best parkin was made with fresh oatmeal, which fixes the date around the first week in November.
Festivities.
In southern Lancashire and West Yorkshire, parkin is inextricably linked to the Guy Fawkes Night celebration. Jennifer Stead, in her study "Prodigal Frugality", identifies the link between Guy Fawkes and parkin as the bonfire. The first two weeks in November had many Christian festivals, and like Celtic festivals that preceded them they were celebrated with a fire and ritual cakes. November starts with All Hallows Eve, that runs into All Saints Day (1 November), which is followed by All Souls Day (2 November). Little Lent and the forty-day fast until Christmas, started at Martinmas. (11 November). On All Souls Day soul cakes were baked. The Martinmas fair was important being the traditional day when cattle were bought and sold, and servants were hired for the following year. It was also the date that cattle were slaughtered and salted to preserve them for the winter and for general feasting and dancing.
The Celtic festival of Samain, the festival of the dead on 1 November, was celebrated with special cakes and bonfires. It was Christianised into "All Hallows" by the church in 837 A.D., and the culinary tradition continued. When Guy Fawkes in 1605 gave the English church a reason to celebrate with a bonfire, the tradition was adopted under the new name, just four days later on 5 November. During the period of industrialisation many traditional holidays were discontinued but Guy Fawkes Night continued to be celebrated. In the nineteenth century (1862), parkin and treacle toffee with potatoes baked in the fire had become the traditional foods of Guy Fawkes Night, and in Leeds, November 5 became known as Parkin Night.
Ingredients.
The principal ingredients of a Yorkshire parkin are oatmeal, flour, black treacle (similar to molasses), fat (traditionally lard, but modern recipes use butter, margarine or rapeseed oil), and ginger. Oatmeal and treacle are generally considered distinctive features of Yorkshire parkin, whilst Lancashire Parkin is baked using golden syrup, treacle and soft brown sugar.
The flour used in parkin in England is self-raising, containing a small amount of chemical leavening agent. If this is not available, or if the proportion of oatmeal is high, it is essential to add a leavening agent, e.g. baking powder or a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and cream of tartar.
One of the key features of parkin is that it retains its texture well. It is baked to be hard, but after storing in a sealed tin or box for several days, it becomes soft again, the texture that is intended.


Diplom-Is

Diplom-Is AS is a Norwegian manufacturer of ice cream owned by the dairy group Tine. In 2005, the company produced of ice cream, and held a market share of 53% domestically.
Among the most notable own brands are Royal, Dream, Krone-Is, Pin-Up, Lollipop, Sandwich, Pia, Gullpinne, Gigant and Klin Kokos. It also produces the franchise Mövenpick, Mars and Nestlé in Scandinavia.
History.
The first ice cream factories in Norway were established in the 1920s, and towards the end of the decade the Norwegian Dairies established their own brand, Diplom Is in Oslo, with its first advertisement appearing in 1930. By 1931 the production went on continually through the year, and Oslo got its own ice cream truck. Production was low during World War II, and after the war there were numerous independent ice cream manufacturers. Many of these were owned by the regional dairy cooperatives. In 1951 these were all branded as Diplom-Is and the brand became national. Though having a common brand, it was not until 1991 that all the production of ice cream by the dairies was collected in one company, Norsk Iskrem BA (lit. "Norwegian Ice Cream"). The following four years saw the "ice cream war" between Diplom-Is and the Swedish GB Is, but by 1995 GB had to withdraw from the market. At the same time Diplom-Is started to franchise produce the Swiss brand Mövenpick. In 1992, the company established itself in Denmark, and in 2004 in Sweden. In 2002 the legal name changed to Diplom-Is AS.
On 30 September 2010 Unilever signed an asset purchase agreement with the Norwegian dairy group TINE, to acquire the activities of Diplom-Is in Denmark.


Carolyn Hardy

Carolyn Hardy (16 June 1930-23 September 2016) was a leading horticulturalist in the UK. She chaired the National Gardens Scheme (1979-1986) and was vice-chair of the Royal Horticultural Society for 10 years.
Personal life.
Carolyn Evanson was born on 16 June 1930 in Richmond, Yorkshire, UK. She studied horticulture at Wye College, Kent (1949-1952). In 1952 she married Alan Hardy, and lived with him at Sandling Park in Kent. They had two daughters. She died 23 September 2016, after suffering from Alzheimer's disease in her last decade.
Horticultural career.
The Sandling Park estate already had a reputation for rare trees and shrubs, and the Hardys developed it further as well as both becoming well-known in the horticultural world. She particularly introduced ground cover plants to contrast with trees. The gardens were seriously damaged in the Great Storm of 1987 with many trees destroyed, but the Hardys began clearance and replanting that continued for many years.
They exhibited at Royal Horticultural Society shows and became involved in the organisation of the society. Carolyn Hardy was a member of the RHS Governing Council 1985 – 1997, member of many RHS committees and was Vice-Chair of the RHS for 10 years (2006 - 2016). She was a moderniser, involved in widening the range of people involved with the RHS.
However, before her work for the Royal Horticultural Society, she had been involved with the UK charity National Gardens Scheme. She was the county organiser for Kent in 1971 (until 1979) and then in 1972 she joined its governing council, finally serving as the Chair from 1979 until 1986. She led the transformation of the National Gardens Scheme to an independent charity in 1980 from its origin as a fund-raising enterprise of the Queen's Nursing Institute supporting district nurses in 1927. Many more gardens joined the scheme, with the proceeds going to support additional nursing charities such as Macmillan Cancer Support and Marie Curie. She was made an Honorary Life Vice President on retiring as Chair of the National Gardens Scheme.
Awards.
She was awarded the Royal Horticultural Society's most distinguished award, the Victoria Medal of Honour (VMH) in 1989 and the Order of the British Empire in 1998 for services to horticulture. Several plant varieties have been named after her including Dianthus 'Carolyn Hardy' and "Deutzia hookeriana" 'Carolyn Hardy'.


George Buckley (New Zealand politician)

George Buckley (1830 – 19 November 1895) was a New Zealand runholder and politician.
Buckley was born in 1830. He married Alexandrina McLean on 25 February 1860; she was the sister of John and Allan McLean.
He was a partner in the Lyttelton firm Dalgety, Buckley, and Co. John and Allan McLean bought the Waikakahi run near Waimate in 1866, and they took Buckley into their business partnership. Buckley sold his shares to the McLean brothers in 1875.
Buckley was a member of the Canterbury Provincial Council. He represented the Town of Lyttelton electorate (1862–1866) and then the Waimate electorate until the abolition of provincial government (1866–1876). He was a member of the Executive Council for three periods: in November 1866, from August to October 1871, and from April 1875 to June 1876. He held the offices of Deputy-Superintendent and Provincial Secretary. He stood in the in the electorate, but was defeated by John Hall (who was later to become the 12th Premier).
He was a member of the New Zealand Legislative Council from 3 July 1871 to 19 August 1884 when he was disqualified for absence; and 28 October 1884 to 9 September 1885 when he resigned.
Buckley was the president of the Bank of New Zealand for a short time in the late 1880s. His revelations about the financial situation of the bank caused "a good deal of sensation". He left for Melbourne after his resignation from the bank, and he died in the Melbourne suburb of Brighton on 19 November 1895 after having been unwell for some time. He was survived by his wife, three daughters, and three sons, is buried in the Brighton Cemetery. His wife died in 1902 aged 70.
Buckleys Road in the Christchurch suburb of Linwood is named after him.


Manuel Flores Mora

Manuel Flores Mora (1923–1984) was a Uruguayan journalist and politician representing the Colorado Party.
Background and early career.
A direct descendant of 19th century President Venancio Flores, Flores worked in his youth for a range of newspapers, including the daily "Acción" where he became political editor and later deputy editor; and he also wrote for the famous weekly Uruguayan newspaper "Marcha".
He is remembered as a member of the "Generation of 45", a Uruguayan intellectual and literary movement: Carlos Maggi, Ángel Rama, Emir Rodríguez Monegal, Idea Vilariño, Carlos Real de Azúa, Carlos Martínez Moreno, Mario Arregui, Mauricio Muller, José Pedro Díaz, Amanda Berenguer, Tola Invernizzi, Mario Benedetti, Ida Vitale, Líber Falco, Juan Cunha, Juan Carlos Onetti, among others.
Political roles.
He stood for election and in 1954 became a Deputy, serving three terms until rising to the post of Senator in 1966. A year later he was named Minister of Cattle Ranching and Agriculture in the cabinet of President Óscar Diego Gestido, a position he maintained into the presidency of Jorge Pacheco Areco until June 1968 when he left due to differences over security issues. He opposed Pacheco from the Senate until 1971 when he ran for the presidency and vice-presidency simultaneously, with Amílcar Vasconcellos as his running mate. Neither slate attracted sufficient support, however, and he subsequently lost his seat in the Senate.
After the coup d'état of June 27, 1973, he became an active opponent of the new military régime. He joined the editorial board of "El Día" and in the last years of the dictatorship wrote articles for the magazine "Jaque" (which he co-founded in 1983) denouncing the wide-ranging abuses committed by the military in power.
Death.
He died in 1984 in his 61st year, just as parliamentary democracy was returning to Uruguay.
He was married to María Zulema Silva Vila. His son, Manuel Flores Silva, took his seat in the new Senate. His daughter, Beatriz Flores Silva, is a film director.


Colleiteiro

Colleiteiro refers to a particular type of boutique winery in Galician, which is characterized by producing less than 60,000 liters of wine per year, only from their own grapes.
The Colleiteiro, a traditional figure of the Galicia (Spain) countryside, it has evolved when it comes to make their wines, keeping alive the tradition while combining it with the latest technologies in winemaking, all the Colleiteiros' wine are estate-bottled. In most of the Colleiteiro's wineries, it is the owner of the winery who is the responsible for the entire production cycle, from taking care of the vineyard, including winemaking for this reason the almost all of the Colleiteiro's wines are signature wines.
Features.
A Colleiteiro can only produce wine from grapes grown therefore, he can not buy grapes or bulk wine to increase its production.
A Colleiteiro can not produce more than 60,000 liters of wine a year .
A Colleiteiro can sell their grapes and/or wine to other wineries, and/or sell the wine bottled under its own brand.
Legislation.
The decree 4/2007 by which the geographical quality of the food sector and its regulatory boards, published in the Official Journal of Galicia on January 29, 2007 reflects the following are regulated: "In the designations of origin where there is a specific census that collects Colleiteiro figure as a small producer that transforms their own production, they may have a separate and distinct representation of the sectors identified in the preceding paragraphs without incurring breakage of parity, given his dual capacity as growers and processors. In this case, the growers will not vote in the same census of winemakers and wineries."
The Colleiteiro in the Ribeiro.
Currently only the Ribeiro (DO), the oldest DO of Galicia (Spain), collects Colleiteiro figure in their statutes. In Article 17, paragraph 1, Winery Records reads: On the Winery Records will enroll all those who, located in the production area, exercise one of the activities of processing, storage and/or bottling of wines from wineries registered and eligible to use the designation of origin Ribeiro (DO). That must meet all the requirements set these rules. Within this registration will underreporting with wineries grower, understood as such those that produce less than 600 hl of wine per year, from grapes homegrown.
In the harvest 2020 there were 56 Colleiteiros enrolled in the Ribeiro (DO),
Video about the Colleiteiros do Ribeiro


Rudolph Boysen

Charles Rudolph Boysen (July 14, 1895 – November 25, 1950) was the California horticulturist who created the boysenberry, a hybrid between several varieties of blackberries, raspberries, and loganberries.
Boysenberry.
Rudolph Boysen had experimented with various berry crosses in Napa, California, during the 1920s. When Boysen first moved to Orange County, he brought berry vines with him which he planted on his in-law’s farm in Anaheim. Boysen worked as Anaheim City Parks superintendent from 1921 to 1950. In 1923, his hybrid grafted successfully and grew to bear fruit. However, unable to make his new berry a commercial success, Boysen abandoned his crop after breaking his back in an accident. In 1927, he took specimens to Coolidge Rare Plant Nursery in Altadena. Years later, a fellow grower named Walter Knott heard about the berry and tracked down Boysen. Knott was able to bring a few dying vines back to life at his farm, now known as Knott's Berry Farm in Buena Park, California. He named the fruit after Boysen.
Biography.
In 1930, Charles Rudolph Boysen was married to Margaret Bruton (1892-1970). They were the parents of Robert Matt Boysen (1924-1980).
Legacy.
Boysenberry Lane in Placentia, California, and Boysen Avenue in Anaheim, California, are both named for Rudolph Boysen. Boysen Park, a public park in Anaheim, was named in his honor. It features playgrounds, baseball diamonds, a large lawn, and a stucco-coated, Korean War-vintage Navy jet as a children's climbing toy. The Anaheim Tennis Center is located adjacent to Boysen Park, located at 951 S. State College Blvd. Rudolph Boysen died at the age of 55, and is interred at the Melrose Abbey Cemetery in Anaheim.


Closed-cone pine forest

Closed-cone pine forest is a plant community of coastal California and several offshore islands. The plant community is often mono-dominant and single-aged, but dense with ladder fuels. Closed Cone forests grow in low nutrient and/or stressed soils, which can lead to slow growth. It consists of stands of coniferous species which rely on fire or shoot death to open their cones and release the seeds. Examples of species include coulter pine, monterey pine, and bishop pine.
Closed-cone pines.
The most widespread naturally of the closed-cone pines is bishop pine ("Pinus muricata"), which can be found along the coast from Humboldt County, California in the north to the northwestern corner of Baja California in the south. Knobcone pine ("Pinus attenuata") forests can occur further inland, on dry, rocky soils. Monterey pine ("Pinus radiata") was once limited to the Monterey Peninsula, two other sites in central California, and Guadalupe and Cedros Islands off the coast of Baja California, but has now been introduced elsewhere in California and around the world. Most of these trees have an average life-span of around 50–90 years
Climate.
The weather of these forests is quite mild in both winter and summer. Temperatures rarely go below freezing or grow uncomfortably warm. Closed-cone pine forests of California are located in cool-summer Mediterranean climate regions along the coast with cool wet winters and hot, dry summers. Despite the fact that the summers are dry, the air is consistently humid due to frequent coastal fog brought in by interior heat. The fog also supplies irrigation when it passes through the conifer needles of the pines. The moisture is caught this way and drips to the forest floor. Thus, drought is avoided by up to 40%. In the autumn, fog is less frequent and it is during this season when occasional heat waves are possible. This is when fires are most likely. Precipitation ranges from 20 to 60 inches a year, depending on the locale.
Environmental Triggers.
The conifers are serotinous, meaning they release seeds in response to an environmental trigger, such as fire or shoot death. Shoot death is when death of a stem signals cones to release seeds. One example of serotiny due to shoot death is cupressaceae (pinacaea refers to seritony from fire/heat). Although shoot death can be caused by fire, there are other sources of stem death. Closed-cone forests rely on predictable, infrequent fires. The fires are stand-replacing crown fires. One example of serotiny due to fire is Pinacae releasing seed after the cone has undergone 200°C for five minutes. Sargent cypress, Gowan cypress, McNabb cypress, Monterrey Pine, and Torrey Pine are all California endemic serotinous conifer species. Other serotinous conifer species that are not CA endemic include bishop pine, coulter pine, knob-cone pine, and lodgepole pine. Serotiny offers benefits to plant species because after a fire, there is less competition for the seeds on the ground; fire also opens up either space in the canopy or clears away litter on the ground. Thus, the fire signals an advantageous time for trees to drop their seeds.
Other flora and fauna.
 While the pines are, by far, the most common tree in these forests, coast live oaks often accompany them. Due to the relatively short lifespan of closed-cone pines, many dead trunks and snags are available and attract a whole host of wildlife ranging from woodpeckers, titmice, chickadees, warblers, squirrels, chipmunks, raccoons, mountain lions, deer and many others. The lush undergrowths, typical of the forests, are excellent habitat as well. Blackberries, wild roses, wood mints, California honeysuckle, currants, and others are common. The flora and fauna varies from area to areas, especially the southern and northern closed-cone pine regions. Soils have low nutrients and are stressed due to a lack of nitrogen. This promotes slow growth.
References.
California’s Changing Landscapes, by Barbour et al. Ch.3 (1997, California Native Plant Society)


J. Michel Fournier

Joseph Michel Fournier (September 29, 1905 – December 6, 1992) was a Canadian politician. Born in the village of Pointe-Verte, New Brunswick, Michel Fournier was educated at the Academy in Tracadie and graduated in 1927 with a BA degree from University of St. Joseph's College in Memramcook.
A farmer who was active in his industry, Michel Fournier was a director of the Green Point Co-Op. Involved in local politics, he served as a Gloucester County cousellor from 1935 to 1939.
New Brunswick Legislative Assembly.
Fournier was elected to the 40th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly as a Liberal candidate in the Gloucester riding in a by-election triggered when Clovis-Thomas Richard resigned to run in the 1945 Canadian federal election. He was reelected in 1948, 1952, 1956 and 1960. Following his party taking power in the 1960 New Brunswick general election, new Premier Louis Robichaud appointed Fournier to the Cabinet as Minister of Industry and Development on July 12, 1960. He served in that position until April 22, 1963.
Senate of Canada.
On December 9, 1971, Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau appointed Michel Fournier to the Senate of Canada where he was active on several committees including the Special Committee on Retirement Age Policies and the Standing Committee on Agriculture. He served in the Senate until his mandatory retirement at age seventy-five on September 29, 1980.


Louise Mabulo

Louise Emmanuelle Mabulo (born September 12, 1998) is a chef and farmer from the Philippines. She is the founder of The Cacao project, a seedling donation initiative for farm workers in San Fernando, Camarines Sur. Mabulo also founded The Culinary Lounge, farm-to-table kitchen studio.
Mabulo was a contestant at the Junior MasterChef Pinoy Edition.
Life.
Mabulo was born in Manila, raised in Swansea, and later moved to Camarines Sur, where she currently lives. She holds an Associate degree from the University of the Philippines Open University and did an exchange program at Brown University though the Young Southeast Asian Leaders Initiative.
The Cacao Project.
The Cacao Project is a cacao ("Theobroma cacao") seedling donation program for farm workers in the Philippines. The project also provides farmers with seeds for staple crops such as bok choy, pumpkin and okra.
Awards.
In 2018, Mabulo was named Outstanding Young Farmer of the Philippines. The following year she won the Young Champions of the Earth award by the United Nations Environment Programme. She was named as part of the Forbes 30 under 30 Asia.


DiMatteo Vineyards

DiMatteo Vineyards is a winery located in Hammonton in Atlantic County, New Jersey. Formerly a family produce farm, the vineyard was first planted in 2000, and opened to the public in 2002. In 2010, the winery moved its headquarters to a new location in Hammonton. DiMatteo has 14 acres of grapes under cultivation, and produces 1,500 cases of wine per year. The winery is named after the family that owns it.
Wines.
DiMatteo Vineyards is in the Outer Coastal Plain AVA, and produces wine from Cabernet Franc, Cayuga White, Chambourcin, Chancellor, Chardonnay, Concord, Diamond, Ives noir, Merlot, Niagara, Syrah, Traminette, and Vidal blanc grapes. DiMatteo also makes fruit wines from apples, blueberries, cranberries, peaches, pumpkins, and strawberries. It is the only winery in New Jersey that produces wine from Diamond, which is a white hybrid grape developed in New York in the 1880s.
Licensing and associations.
DiMatteo has a farm winery license from the New Jersey Division of Alcoholic Beverage Control, which allows it to produce up to 50,000 gallons of wine per year, operate up to 15 off-premises sales rooms, and ship up to 12 cases per year to consumers in-state or out-of-state. The winery is a member of the Garden State Wine Growers Association and the Outer Coastal Plain Vineyard Association.


James Regan (politician)

James Thomas Hammill Regan (June 29, 1855 – 1927) was a farmer, merchant and political figure in Ontario. He represented Wentworth South in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1911 to 1919 as a Conservative member.
He was born in Chatham, the son of James Regan and Sarah Hammill, and was educated in Ancaster and Dundas. Regan was married twice: first to Alferetta Templer in 1884 and then to Kate Alma Gabel in 1898. He ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the assembly in 1905 and 1908. Regan later served as sheriff for Wentworth County.


Polish Boy

The Polish Boy is a sausage sandwich native to Cleveland, Ohio. It consists of a link of kielbasa sausage placed in a bun, and covered with a layer of french fries, a layer of barbecue sauce or hot sauce, and a layer of coleslaw. While the sausage is typically grilled, some establishments will quickly deep fry the sausage after grilling and prior to assembling the sandwich.
While Polish Boys can be found at various establishments throughout Cleveland, a popular place is Freddie's Southern Style Rib House, known for their southern style barbecue sauce. "Esquire" named theirs as one of the best sandwiches in America, calling it "soul on white."
Chef Michael Symon cited the Polish Boy as "The Best Thing I Ever Ate" on the Food Network, where he featured Seti's Polish Boys on the show. Seti's version is unique because of optional chilli and cheese that can be added to your sandwich.
Chef Gregby Camp from "“Mickey Flickey’s Amazing Wings”" appeared on "The Wendy Williams Show" to teach the audience how to make a Cleveland Polish boy. Chef Camp suggests toasting the bun to give it better flavor and to hold the sandwich together. His sandwich features just enough coleslaw to taste, homemade french fries and their Amazing Comeback Barbecue Sauce.
Variations.
"Hot Sauce Williams", a restaurant on Cleveland's East Side, features a variation that includes the addition of smoked and barbecued pork shoulder to the sandwich and was featured in June 2010 on the Travel Channel's "Man vs. Food". Host and food enthusiast Adam Richman tried their Polish boy, which featured the restaurant's signature hot-sauce. Since the airing of the episode, Hot-Sauce Williams changed the type of french fries used in the sandwich and removed the pork shoulder from its components. B&M Barbecue, a Cleveland BBQ chain, calls this variant of the Polish Boy with pork shoulder a "Polish Girl".
Reception.
"The Daily Meal" reviewed the Polish boy with "[t]his is one serious sandwich; keep your Tums at the ready" in their article "12 Life-Changing Sandwiches You've Never Heard Of".


Victor Porteous

Victor Clarence Porteous (5 November 1893 – 17 June 1966) was a National Government and Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Derby Township, Ontario and became a farmer.
Porteous attended school at Owen Sound Collegiate and Vocational Institute, then college. In 1929 and 1930, he was a member of Derby Township council.
He was elected to Parliament at the Grey North riding in the 1930 general election, defeating incumbent Liberal member William Pattison Telford, Jr. After serving one term, he was defeated by Telford in the 1935 election. Porteous made another attempt to win the seat back in the 1940 election under the National Party banner but was also unsuccessful.


Renova (company)

Renova (full name: "Renova - Fábrica de Papel do Almonda, SA") is a Portuguese company that produces paper consumption goods (such as tissues and toilet paper). It is based in the city of Torres Novas, located in Médio Tejo, a NUTS3 subregion belonging to Centro region.
It is one of the most well-known industry brands inside and outside of the country.
Their products are sold and advertised in countries like Japan, France, the UK, the United States, Belgium, and Spain.
Products.
Renova's main products are tissues for domestic and sanitary use such as toilet paper, kitchen rolls, napkins, handkerchiefs, facials. Renova is also present in feminine hygiene products, wet wipes, and printing & writing paper. A major success in recent years is the unique Renova Black Toilet Tissue.
Brand.
It became known to a wider public (outside of Portugal) through an advertising campaign (first launched in 2002) that made use of sex appeal to sell toilet paper - something other companies didn't dare to do before. The campaign, using photos made by the French photographer François Rousseau, received special attention of the French magazine Photo, which promoted a photographic contest inspired by it (and sponsored by the company).