Positional advantage

Positional advantage is a combative position relative to an opponent. It is used extensively to describe a situation of significant tactical advantage over an opponent in open-hand conflict (i.e. without weapons) in William Cheung's Traditional Wing Chun Kung Fu and Ian Protheroe's Classical Wing Chun.
In physical altercations, positional advantage is significant because a defender who has attained positional advantage:
In the words of Sifu Ian Protheroe, "as long as your strongest side is facing your opponent's weakest side, you have the advantage". Although positional advantage has been adopted specifically by Classical and Traditional Wing Chun practitioners, the term is applicable to all martial styles, both with and without weapons. Related concepts include centre and central line theory. These terms are used to describe many different things by Wing Chun practitioners (see the Wikipedia entry for Wing Chun for more information).


Benny Goldberg

Benny Goldberg (25 December 1918 – 29 September 2001) was a Polish-born American bantamweight boxer and a top rated contender for the Bantamweight title for a five-year stretch in the 1940s. His professional boxing career spanned from 1937 to 1946. After his boxing career, he appeared in television and movies, worked as a ring announcer, and performed in clubs, often as a comedian, with the stage name Ben Bentley.
Early life.
Born in Warsaw, Poland, on December 25, 1918, Goldberg's parents brought him to America when he was two years old, and the family settled in Detroit. Benny studied the technique of the triple world champion Barney Ross, who excelled as a light and welterweight from 1933 to 1938, when Benny was in his teens. Goldberg's careful attention to the champion's style paid off over time.
Amateur boxing career.
His use of a left-handed or Southpaw stance was a challenge to many of his competitors. As an amateur, he won the Detroit Golden Gloves Bantamweight Championship in 1935 and in 1936, and took the AAU Bantamweight Championship of Michigan from Olympic Gold Medalist and future Bantamweight World Champion Jackie Wilson.
Goldberg did not turn pro until 1937, after completing an outstanding amateur record.
Professional boxing career.
Early in his career Goldberg convincingly beat George Annarino with a sixth-round knockout on May 2, 1939. Annarino was the previous holder of the 1930 Ohio State Bantamweight title. It was a victory that got the attention of his fans, though not surprising considering his successful amateur career.
Goldberg defeated Johnny Marselline on June 2, 1941, flooring him for a six count in the third. Goldberg was often sloppy and shy in his ring generalship as evidenced in this match, and did not entirely impress the audience in this early stage of his career. Marselline was a talented featherweight who would amass an impressive record in his career.
Jimmy Gilligan lost to Goldberg On March 23, 1942, in an eight-round decision at Civic Auditorium in Toledo, Ohio. Goldberg had previously beaten Gilligan on March 21, 1941 in an eight-round decision in Detroit where he floored his opponent three times in the convincing win. Gilligan was a competent bantamweight who had once beaten Joey Archibald. Though a talented and experienced opponent, he was nearing the end of his ten-year career.
Though suffering from a significant disadvantage in height, Goldberg defeated talented bantamweight and former USA New England featherweight champion Abe Denner On April 27, 1942 at Arena Gardens in Detroit in a ten-round points decision. The win was considered an upset against the talented Denner, and elevated Goldberg's standings as a world bantamweight contender. Denner was ranked fourth in the world among featherweights at the time of the match. Goldberg knocked Denner to the mat in the fourth round, and achieved a large margin in points scoring, despite giving up six pounds in weight as well as many as five inches in reach.
Goldberg defeated Joey Archibald, former World Featherweight Champion, on July 21, 1942, in Toledo, Ohio, in a ten-round points decision. The important win was considered an upset over such a skilled opponent, and made Goldberg a boxer to watch.
On December 14, 1942, Goldberg impressively knocked out Lou Transparenti in the fourth round at Arena Gardens in Detroit. Transparenti, a quality opponent, had competed unsuccessfully for the World Bantamweight title against Lou Salica in March 1941, and had performed well in the first ten rounds, holding the favor of the crowd. Ironically, Transparenti had convincingly beaten Salica just one month earlier, but in a non-title bout.
Goldberg defeated Tony Olivera on April 30, 1943 in ten rounds at Legion Stadium in Hollywood. Though outweighed, Goldberg defended Olivera's attack with fast counterpunching to the body and head. By the sixth and seventh, Olivera had adjusted to Goldberg's unusual southpaw stance and had opened a slight margin in points. In the last three rounds, Olivera used his leading southpaw left to score to the stomach and face of Olivera, gradually building his point's margin enough to win the close decision. There were no knockdowns in the bout between the two well matched competitors. The bout spotlighted Goldberg as a serious contender for the World Bantamweight Title. Goldberg had formerly drawn with Olivera in July 1938. Goldberg was ranked third in the world among Bantamweights prior to the bout.
World bantam title attempt, 1943.
On November 23, 1943, Goldberg lost to Manuel Ortiz in a fifteen-round decision for the World Bantamweight Championship at Olympic Stadium in Los Angeles. Goldberg had defeated future champion Ortiz on August 5, 1938, in a four-round bout in Los Angeles when both were preliminary fighters just starting out in the professional ranks. Ortiz, now a formidable opponent making the eighth defense of his title, would hold it for eight years, defending it twenty one times. In a decisive win, Ortiz won by an average of twenty points in the judges scoring. For the first five rounds, both boxers felt each other out, aware of the potential threat in their opponent's gloves, though the pace disappointed the 10,000 fans in the stadium, which was full to capacity. Goldberg put up an excellent defense in the first nine rounds, not allowing Ortiz to get to his body. However, he was rarely able to penetrate Ortiz's defenses, scoring on only a few Southpaw (lefthanded) rights to the head and body. Ortiz nearly floored Goldberg in the tenth with rights to the stomach, after breaking through his initially thorough defense. In the twelfth, Ortiz scored again with rights to the belly of Ortiz that affected him for the next two rounds, allowing Ortiz to coast through the thirteenth and fourteenth rounds. The Ortiz loss was the first in twenty-three prior starts for Goldberg, formerly a rising star and a serious contender for the Bantamweight crown.
After his loss to Ortiz on January 1, 1944, Goldberg lost to Billy Miller before a crowd of 4,500 in a ten-round unanimous decision in Detroit. Goldberg fell behind in the early rounds and didn't rally enough in the later rounds to offset Miller's lead on points. Though Goldberg was leading in betting by 2-1 before the bout, Miller won in an upset. Miller was a rising star in his own right, having won 21 consecutive bouts prior to facing Goldberg.
On May 18, 1945, nearing the end of his career, Goldberg defeated one of his better opponents, Luis Castillo in a ten-round unanimous decision for the Duration Bantamweight Title, at Legion Stadium in Hollywood. At the time, Castillo was the ranked fifth in the world among bantamweights. The "LA Times" gave Castillo only the third, fifth, and tenth, and a sizable points margin of 57 to 43. Goldberg's best round was the fourth, landing a flock of left hooks, and once again demonstrating an advantage with his Southpaw stance. Castillo was unable to get inside Goldberg's long right, which he had to defend against with his left, a more awkward arm for the more traditional right-handed Castillo.
Goldberg suffered from heat exhaustion in his last recorded bout, a decisive 10-round decision against Pedro Ramirez at Hollywood's Legion Stadium, on April 12, 1946. Goldberg sent Ramirez to the canvas twice in the second round with left hooks, but was unable to gain a win by knockout in the succeeding rounds. Ramirez doggedly attempted to win by knockout in several clashes, but each were broken up by Goldberg. Goldberg looked fatigued by the eighth round, though clearly retained the lead even in the tenth when both boxers fought a long rally for the decision. Shortly after the match, Goldberg fainted from exhaustion in his corner.
Retirement from boxing.
After Benny's retirement from boxing, he went into the motion picture industry and worked as a nightclub comic, Master of Ceremonies, boxing promoter, ring announcer, and press agent. He also worked for the movie studios as a body guard for actors that included Vince Edwards, Tony Curtis, and Robert Blake. His best known television roles included Ben Casey (1961) and Cannon (1971).
His movie work featured him often as a boxer or referee. He appeared as a boxer in the movie "All Fall Down" (1962), as a prisoner in "Al Capone" (1959), as a boxer in "Fight for the Title" (1957), as a boxer in "Telephone Time (TV)" (1957), as a referee in "The Harder They Fall", (1956), as an uncredited boxer in "Kid Monk Baroni" (1952), and as a fighter in "Fighting Fools (1949)."
He died on September 29, 2001, in Los Angeles, and was buried in Mount Sinai Memorial Park Cemetery.
In 2003 he was inducted into the Southern California Jewish Sports Hall of Fame.


Al-Jaish

Al Jaish is Arabic for army, and may refer to:


Lanny Bassham

Lanny Robert Bassham (born January 2, 1947) is an American sports shooter who won a gold medal in the 1976 Summer Olympics, and a silver medal in the 1972 Summer Olympics.
Early life.
Bassham was born in Comanche, Texas. He graduated from the University of Texas at Arlington in 1969, where he participated in the ROTC program.
Sport career.
At the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Bassham won the silver medal in the mixed 50 m rifle three positions event. Between 1972 and 1978, Lanny Bassham won three gold medals at the Pan American Games, Three Individual World Titles at the World Shooting Championships in 1974, World Champion in 50m three-position in The 1978 World shooting Championships, and a total of 22 world individual and team titles, setting four world records. At the 1974 World Shooting Championships in Thun Switzerland Lanny won 15 medals, the most any individual athlete has ever won in a single World Shooting Championships. At the 1976 Olympics, he tied for the gold medal with Margaret Murdock in the mixed 50m rifle three position event. Bassham suggested that both should be awarded gold medals as there was a tie score, but the judges placed him first based on the current tie-breaking procedure. At the awards ceremony, he asked Murdock to share the first place podium with him. He ranks third in total medal count among all US International Shooters with 35 medals and is in the USA Shooting Hall of Fame.
Founder of Mental Management Systems.
After the 1972 Olympics silver finish, Bassham sought classes in mental discipline under pressure. After failing to find such a seminar, Bassham created a system of mental control after interviewing Olympic gold medalists to discover their winning strategies. Bassham began to write books and teach courses in his methods under the name "Mental Management". For the past 40 years, he has provided "Mental Management" training programs to clients including PGA Tour golfers, Miss America finalists, CEOs, US Navy SEALs, SWAT teams, and the FBI.
In addition, Bassham briefly headed the U.S. Olympic shooting team and has operated the company Mental Management Systems with his wife Helen in Flower Mound Texas since 1977.


Championnat de France de Futsal

The Championnat de France de Futsal "Division 1" or "D1" is the premier futsal league in France, organized by Fédération Française de Football. There are 12 teams in the first level, the team ranked first wins the title of national Champion and qualifies for the UEFA Futsal Cup. The teams ranked 11th and 12th are relegated to Division 2.
"D2" is the second level, and has two groups with 10 teams each. The teams ranked first in each group are promoted to Division 1. The teams ranked 8th to 10th in each group are relegated. Below is the regional level.
Champions.
"Clubs and locations as of 2014–15 season:"


McCall Salmon

McCall Salmon is an American softball coach who is the current head coach at Central Michigan.
Coaching career.
Central Michigan.
On June 20, 2019, Salmon was announced as the new head coach of the Central Michigan softball program.
Head coaching record.
Sources:


Welsh Open (darts)

The Welsh Open is a darts tournament organised by the World Darts Federation and affiliated with the British Darts Organisation which has been staged annually since 1974. In 2008 the tournament was televised in the United Kingdom for the first time on Setanta Sports as part of the BDO's new Grand Prix series.
Venue and sponsors.
From 1987 the event has been staged at the Pontins holiday camp in Prestatyn, North Wales. The singles tournaments are sponsored by Red Dragon Sports and Pontins sponsor the other events.


Bee Hive Ski Races

Between 1961 and 1967, a series of annual giant slalom ski races were held in Canada. The races had a large prize pool and attracted the best skiers from around the world. Over 4000 spectators attended the races and the event and results were reported in most newspapers between London ON and Montreal QC at the time. The races were sponsored by the St. Lawrence Starch Company. The St. Lawrence Starch Company was the manufacture of "Bee Hive Corn Syrup".
1961 - Georgian Peaks Ski Club
1962 -
1963 - Devil's Glen Ski Club
Winner - Ernst Hinterseer (Austria)
1964 - Devil's Glen Ski Club
Winner - Ernst Hinterseer (Austria)
1965 - Lake Louise
1966 -
1967 -


Archie Robertson (shinty player)

Archie Robertson (born 1950 in Kiltarlity, Scotland) is an ex-shinty player and internationalist and current President of the Camanachd Association.
Playing career.
Robertson was born and brought up in Kiltarlity but his family connections were originally in Skye.
Robertson started his playing career with Lovat but moved to Glasgow in 1973 and started playing for Glasgow Mid Argyll in the year GMA won the Camanachd Cup. He was also capped by Scotland at Compromise rules shinty-hurling.
On retirement from the playing side of shinty, Robertson took on a management role at GMA. He also became a committee member of GMA and the Glasgow Celtic Society.
He became a co-opted member of the Camanachd Association board of directors in 2007 and capped his rise to the top of the sport's administration with his election to the post of President-elect in December 2010 and won by 21 votes to 11. He will assume the Presidency in April 2011 at the Camanachd Association A.G.M..
He may still be challenged under an obscure bye-law which allows the President-elect to be challenged on the night of the A.G.M. where he is to be confirmed. The man Robertson defeated comprehensively, Donald Stewart, did not make a bid to usurp Robertson at the 2011 A.G.M. and he was confirmed as President.


Denmark national beach handball team

The Denmark national beach handball team is the national team of Denmark. It is governed by the Danish Handball Federation and takes part in international beach handball competitions.


Camp Massad of Canada

Camp Massad of Canada may refer to:


Justin Boren

Justin Matthew Boren (born April 28, 1988) is a former American football guard. Though a guard in the NFL, Boren played both guard and center during his high school and college football career. In high school, he was widely regarded as one of the top offensive linemen in the country and one of the top football prospects in the state of Ohio. He was selected to play in the U.S. Army All-American Bowl and was a "Parade" All-American and an Associated Press All-Ohio selection. The son of 1982 and 1983 Michigan Wolverines tackles leader Mike Boren, Justin was widely recruited by the nation's top schools, including both his father's alma mater, the University of Michigan and its archrival, Ohio State University, Boren's hometown school.
After an intense recruitment, Boren choose to play at Michigan despite leaning towards attending Ohio State early in his recruitment. He played in several games as a true freshman, making one start. As a sophomore, he became a regular starter, earning 2007 All-Big Ten Conference honorable mention. When head coach Lloyd Carr retired and was replaced by Rich Rodriguez, Boren became unhappy with the new staff and transferred to Ohio State. After transferring he had to sit 2008 NCAA Division I FBS football season and was also required to pay his own tuition, per Big Ten conference rules. He earned recognition as a selection to the 2009 and 2010 All-Big Ten team by both the coaches (second-team) and the media (first-team). He was also a 2010 College Football All-America Team second team selection by several selectors. In 2009, he became the third player (following Howard Yerges and J. T. White) to play for both sides of the Michigan – Ohio State rivalry. He was also teammates with his brother, Zach Boren, who was a starting fullback and linebacker for the Buckeyes.
He was signed by the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League as an undrafted free agent in 2011. He has since played for the Ravens, Detroit Lions, and Denver Broncos.
Early life and high school.
Boren is Jewish, and was born in Pickerington, Ohio. He was a freshman starter at Pickerington High School Central before transferring to Pickerington High School North the following year. As a high school sophomore, Boren played guard and was an honors student. During his high school years, his father was his harshest critic. As a junior, he was listed as a nose guard on defense and an offensive tackle. That season, he earned Division I Associated Press All-Ohio High School Football Team special mention. By the time he was a junior, he was being recruited by both Ohio State, the local school, and Michigan, where his father played. As a senior who bench pressed and squatted , he was regarded as Central Ohio's most sought after high school football recruit. As a result, he was selected to participate as one of 78 players in the 2006 U.S. Army All-American Bowl where he started at left offensive guard for the East team. He was also selected to the Associated Press first-team Division I All-Central District and All-Ohio high school football teams as an offensive lineman. After committing to Michigan, he enrolled in classes at the University of Michigan in January of what would have been the end of his senior year in high school along with roommate Carlos Brown. Of all the football prospects from the state of Ohio, Boren was the only one that Ohio State was not able to lure.
College career.
Michigan.
Having enrolled in January 2006, Boren (and roommate Brown) were available to participate in 2006 Spring Football. Both players participated in spring practice, which was part of a national trend of more high schoolers enrolling early. Although early enrollment had been occurring for several years, Kevin Grady had been the first at Michigan in 2005.
As a freshman during the 2006 NCAA Division I FBS football season for the 2006 Michigan Wolverines, Boren was injured during training camp, and he did not dress in the season opener. He had suffered a broken leg. Despite being injured through the entire month of September, Boren decided not to redshirt and debuted during the Paul Bunyan Trophy rivalry game against Michigan State on October 7. Two weeks later, when Rueben Riley got injured against the Iowa Hawkeyes, he played the entire second half. On October 28, with Riley still injured, he became only the fourth true freshman to start on the Michigan offensive line in the modern era during a victory against Northwestern. The following week against Ball State, Boren saw action after Jake Long got kicked in the helmet. Boren's final action of the season came against the Indiana Hoosiers on November 11. During the 2006 season, all of his appearances were at guard. During 2007 Rose Bowl practices at the end of the 2006 season, Boren had practiced exclusively at center.
Boren had been recruited as either a center or a guard, but he preferred to play guard. In spring practice the following year, Boren was moved to center. At the end of the National Collegiate Athletic Association-sanctioned 15 days of spring football practice, he was announced as the starting center, replacing Mark Bihl. This decision was confirmed when training camp started in the fall, even though Boren had never before played center. Thus, the starting offensive line was composed of veterans Long and Adam Kraus on the left and then Boren, right guard Jeremy Ciulla and right tackle Stephen Schilling neither of whom had ever started a game. The 2007 NCAA Division I FBS football season was eagerly anticipated for the 2007 Wolverines with returning seniors Long, Mike Hart and Chad Henne in key roles, but the season quickly began to fall apart when the team lost to the two-time defending FCS champion Appalachian State Mountaineers in the opening game. When Ryan Mallett played in place of Henne during the September 15, Notre Dame rivalry game, left-handed snapper Boren switched positions with right-handed snapper Kraus who otherwise played left guard. The switch occurred after Mallett fumbled two snaps from Boren, whose left-handed snaps were foreign to the right-handed Mallett. The switch caused a little confusion with official starting lineups the following week when Mallett started. On September 22 against Penn State, both Boren and Kraus had casts on their snapping hands and Boren played center despite the fact that Mallett was starting. During Mallett's October 27 start in the Little Brown Jug game against Minnesota, Kraus started at center. The following week during the Paul Bunyan Trophy against Michigan State, the position switch was made permanent. After the regular season, Boren was recognized as an honorable mention All-Big Ten selection. Prior to the 2008 Capital One Bowl, Boren was expected to return to center because Henne had returned to full strength. However, during the game, Boren played guard and Kraus played center. After the season, both Boren and Kraus were named to "Jewish Sports Review"'s 2007 College Football All-America Team.
After the season, head coach Lloyd Carr was replaced by Rich Rodriguez. Rodriguez' no huddle spread option offense, which used zone blocking, was a major adjustment for Boren. By the tenth day of spring practice Boren had left the team. Boren made a statement to the press regarding his decision, which included the following excerpt: "Michigan football was a family, built on mutual respect and support for each other from (former) Coach (Lloyd) Carr on down. We knew it took the entire family, a team effort, and we all worked together. . I have great trouble accepting that those family values have eroded in just a few months. . .That I am unable to perform under these circumstances at the level I expect of myself, and my teammates and Michigan fans deserve, is why I have made the decision to leave." A month later, Ohio State coach Jim Tressel announced Boren would redshirt for the 2008 NCAA Division I FBS football season and become the first player to transfer from Michigan to play for archrival Ohio State since at least World War II. According to Section 14.5.2.B of the Rules of Eligibility in the Big Ten handbook, Boren is ineligible to be a scholarship athlete after transferring. A little more than a week after Justin announced his transfer, his younger brother Zach committed to Ohio State. Later that summer, "Detroit Free Press" writer Michael Rosenberg, backed up Boren's statement about family values: "Rodriguez's staff uses some of the foulest, most degrading language imaginable. I know coaches curse, and I'm no prude, but this goes way beyond a few dirty words. He belittles his players. This is a big part of why offensive lineman Justin Boren left the team. He felt his dignity was at stake."
Ohio State.
When Boren arrived at Ohio State at and , he was one of the smallest offensive linemen on the team. During his redshirt season, he wore the number 56. In order to bond with his new teammates such as Alex Boone, he shaved lightning bolts into his head. While redshirtting, he stood out in practice where he performed on the scout team. In fact, during the week leading up to the final regular season game against Michigan, he wore the Winged Football Helmet that Michigan is known for as part of the scout team. The 2008 Ohio State Buckeyes football team included three seniors on the offensive line: Boone, Steve Rehring and Ben Person.
A total of 28 seniors graduated from the football team leaving the 2009 Ohio State Buckeyes football team with five returning starters on offense for the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS football season. However, the team had the number one recruiting class in the nation according to the "Chicago Sun-Times". Both Scout.com and Rivals.com agreed with this number one ranking prior to the final signing period and although the offensive line had been the team's problem in 2008, the highly touted class included three tackles and a guard plus transfer Boren.
In the spring of 2009, Hope Boren spoke at signing day about her two sons prospects for at Ohio State: "As a parent, you always try to raise kids who are happy and successful . . . And I know my kids are happy and I think they'll be successful." Zach Boren said, "Everyone in the whole family is an Ohio State fan now. . .No one cares about Michigan at all anymore. That was in the past and we're all looking forward to being Buckeyes and staying Buckeyes for the rest of our lives." During spring practice, Boren impressed his coaches and teammates; however, he refused all interview requests. During the summer, when asked about the impending Michigan – Ohio State game he said "My attitude is there are 11 games before that game. . .I can't let myself get worked up thinking about that game. I don't want to take a chance of being unprepared for any of the first 11 games. The week that game gets here, it will be my primary focus." By then, he was projected to be the starting left guard, and he was expected to be an important part of the team.
Prior to the 2009 season, Boren suffered a knee injury. The injury was not severe because of the knee brace that he was wearing. He recovered in time to be in the starting lineup at left guard along with his younger brother who started at fullback for the September 5 season opener against Navy. The media portrayed Boren as a nasty and intense player, which Boren downplayed. Early in the season, the offensive line struggled. But as the season progressed guards Boren and Bryant Browning teamed up with second-year linemen Michael Brewster, J.B. Shugarts and Mike Adams to form a unit that worked effectively. Boren missed the October 31 non-conference game against New Mexico State due to an unspecified foot injury. When he returned to Michigan Stadium for the season finale, Michigan defensive end Brandon Graham was very vocal about Boren's departure. At the conclusion of the 2009 Big Ten season, he was named to the All-Big Ten Conference team by both the coaches (second-team) and the media (first-team). The following 2010 season, he repeated as a first team media and second team coaches All-Big Ten Conference selection. He was named as a second team All-American selection by Associated Press, CBS Sports, Rivals.com and Scout.com.
Professional career.
Boren was one of 56 offensive linemen invited to participate in the February 24 – March 1, 2011 NFL Scouting Combine. He ranked thirteenth in the bench press with a total of 28 repetitions. He ranked eleventh in the three cone drill with a time of 7.57. Following the draft and the 2011 NFL lockout, Boren was regarded as one of the best available free agents.
Baltimore Ravens.
Boren was signed by the Baltimore Ravens on July 26, 2011. Boren's former University of Michigan offensive line coach Andy Moeller was a coach with Baltimore at the time of his signing. He was waived by the team on September 3, 2011, but he was signed to the practice squad on September 5. On January 3, 2012, during the first round bye week of the 2011–12 NFL playoffs, Boren was activated. On September 1, 2012, Boren was assigned to injured reserve. Boren reached an injury settlement with the team before being removed from the roster later that week.
Detroit Lions.
Boren was named to the practice squad of the Detroit Lions on November 20, 2012.
Denver Broncos.
On January 7, 2013, the Denver Broncos signed Boren to a futures contract. On August 7, 2013, Boren was waived/injured by the Broncos. On August 8, 2013, he cleared waivers and was placed on the Broncos' injured reserve list.
Personal life.
Boren's father, Mike Boren, played football for Michigan from 1980 to 1983 and his mother, Hope, ran track there from 1979 to 1982. Boren attended the 2005 Michigan Summer Football Camp. Mike led the Wolverines in tackles in 1982 and 1983. Justin's youngest brother, Jacoby, was a sophomore at Pickerington Central High School in 2009. By December 2010, Jacoby had committed to Ohio State.


Kenny MacDonald (shinty player)

Kenny MacDonald (born 1965) is a goalkeeper in the sport of shinty. He plays for Kyles Athletic and he is noted for his longevity in the sport, having played at the top of the sport for over 30 years.
Shinty career.
He won the Camanachd Cup in his first Cup Final in 1983 against Strachur and against Fort William in 1994 as well being named the Albert Smith Medal winner in the 2000 final despite being on the losing side against Kingussie. His performance in the penalty shoot out against Skye Camanachd in the semi-final is considered one of the great performances of all time. He then competed in the 2009 cup final.
He is the only person to have won the Macaulay Cup whilst playing alongside his own son. He and his son Roddie achieved this feat in 2011. Indeed the only trophy he has not won is the Premier Division.
His nickname is "Donga".


Izaak Grynfeld

Izaak Grynfeld (born 12 February 1912, date of death unknown), later known as Ignacy Branicki , was a Polish-born Israeli chess master.
Biography.
Grynfeld was born in Łódź, Poland in February 1912. Before the late 1950s, Grynfeld lived in The Netherlands. After years of playing chess professionally in Europe, he immigrated to Israel and changed his name around 1955 to Ignacy Branicki. It is not known when Grynfeld died but he was still alive in 1993.
Chess career.
In 1938, he tied for 3rd-4th in Kraków (POL-ch elim; Izak Schaechter won). After World War II, he played six-times in Polish championships (1946–1953). His best achievement was a 3rd-4th place at Sopot 1946 (Bogdan Śliwa won).
In tournaments, he tied for 9-10th at Warsaw 1947 (Svetozar Gligorić won), took 18th at Szczawno Zdrój (Salzbrunn) 1950 (Paul Keres won), and tied for 15-16th at Międzyzdroje 1952 (Zdravko Milev and Ion Bălănel won).
He represented Poland in the 10th Chess Olympiad at Helsinki 1952, winning the silver medal at second reserve board (+5 –1 =4) there. He also played for Poland in friendly matches: POL–CSR at Katowice 1949, POL–HUN at Warsaw 1949, and POL–HUN–GDR at Görlitz 1952.


Chile at the 2006 Winter Paralympics

Chile participated in the ninth Winter Paralympics in Turin, Italy.
Chile entered two athletes in the following sports:


Jonelle Price

Jonelle Price (née Richards) (born 14 October 1980) is a New Zealand equestrian. At the 2012 Summer Olympics she won the bronze medal in Team eventing. In 2018, she won the Badminton Horse Trials in England. and also won the Luhmuhlen Horse Trials on Maggie in 2018.
Price also runs a farm business with husband, Tim Price. Jonelle won Badminton in 2018, after many unsuccessful attempts, on the black mare, Classic Moet. Jonelle had taken a year out to have a baby, but a week after having her child, got back to riding. Tim price, her husband, also got placed at 2018's Badminton Horse Trials, on their gelding, Ringwood Sky Boy. When asked to describe each other, Jonelle said that Tim was a more talented rider and Tim said that she was more competitive. Classic Moet was predicted to have one of the fastest cross country rounds as she is known to be an incredibly speedy little horse, she certainly proved this at Badminton.


2003 Winter Universiade

The 2003 Winter Universiade, the XXI Winter Universiade, took place in Tarvisio, Italy.


Luan Bo

Luan Bo (born April 16, 1965 in Harbin, Heilongjiang) is a Chinese figure skating coach and former competitive pair skater. With partner Yao Bin, she was the first pair skater to represent China at the World Figure Skating Championships.
In the closed society of mid-20th century China, Luan and Yao had only photographs from which to learn their moves. At the 1980 World Figure Skating Championships in Dortmund, West Germany, they finished 15th, in last place. They competed at the World Championships twice more in 1981 and 1982, finishing last both times. They represented China at the 1984 Winter Olympics and placed 15th.
She works as a coach. Her current and former students include Ding Yang & Ren Zhongfei, Sui Wenjing & Han Cong, and Zhu Qiuying.


Melissa Ludtke

Melissa Ludtke (born May 27, 1951) is an American journalist. In 1978, as a young sports journalist, Ludtke won a lawsuit for the right to be allowed in Major League Baseball locker rooms.
Early life.
Ludtke was born in Iowa City, Iowa, but grew up in Amherst, Massachusetts. She was the oldest of five children, her father worked at the University of Massachusetts where he taught finance, and her mother earned a Ph.D. in anthropology. Ludtke attended Wellesley College in Wellesley, MA and graduated in 1973 with a Bachelor of Arts in Art History.
Career.
Ludtke always had a passion for sports, and upon graduation, she began working for ABC Sports and "Sports Illustrated."
Ludtke was a writer and editor for the "Nieman Reports" magazine of Harvard University's Nieman Foundation for Journalism from 1998 to 2011. She then served as the Executive Director of the Schuster Institute for Investigative Journalism at Brandeis University from 2011 to 2013. Before her editor job at the Nieman Foundation, she had been a correspondent with Time magazine and a reporter/researcher with "Sports Illustrated" and with CBS News.
In July 2013, Ludtke was featured in "Let Them Wear Towels," a short documentary on females working in male locker rooms by Anne Sundberg and Ricki Stern.
Court case against Major League Baseball.
Ludtke was a plaintiff in a federal lawsuit, "Melissa Ludtke and Time, Inc., Plaintiffs, v. Bowie Kuhn, Commissioner of Baseball et al." (1978) that is credited with giving equal access to Major League Baseball locker rooms to women sports reporters. In 1977, Ludtke sued the baseball commission on the basis that her 14th amendment rights were violated when she was denied access to the New York Yankees clubhouse while reporting on the 1977 World Series. She won the lawsuit. The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York stated her fourteenth amendment right was violated since the New York Yankees clubhouse was controlled by New York City. That court also stated that her fundamental right to pursue a career was violated based on her sex.
When asked how the case, "Ludtke vs. Kuhn," has impacted journalism she said "It increased enormously the number of young women who came into sports media — as reporters, as employees of sports teams and league offices, in agencies representing athletes and in other aspects of sports work that earlier generations of women had not been involved with, such as working as team trainers or as umpires."
Honors.
In 2010, Ludtke received the Yankee Quill Award, the highest individual honor bestowed on a journalist in New England. At "Sports Illustrated", she was given a Front Page Award, and at "Time" was the recipient of several journalism awards. In 2012, Ludtke was nominated by the New York University Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute as one of the "100 Outstanding Journalists in the United States in the Last 100 Years".
Personal life.
In 1978, Ludtke married sportswriter Eric Lincoln. In 1982, Ludtke and Lincoln divorced.
Ludtke has a daughter, whom she adopted as a baby girl from China.


Lega Pro Seconda Divisione

Lega Pro Seconda Divisione was the fourth highest football league in Italy, the lowest with a professional status. Usually it consisted of 36 teams, but in the season 2011–12 the teams were 41 divided geographically into two divisions of 20, 21. Group A covers northern and north central Italy, Group B south central and southern Italy.
Until the season 2007–08 the league was known as Serie C2.
Before the 1978–79 season there were only three professional football leagues in Italy, the third being Serie C. In 1978, it was decided to split Serie C into Serie C1 (the third highest league) and Serie C2. Upon its inception in 1978–79, Serie C2 consisted of four divisions, however, that number was reduced to three from the start of the 1991–92 season. The reform, already decided by the FIGC lead to the reunification with the first division starting from 2014-2015 and with the subsequent rebirth of the third tier championship organized by the pro league with 60 teams divided into three groups of 20 in Lega Pro.
During the regular season, teams only played the other teams in their division. Each opponent was played twice, once at home and once away, for a total of 34 matches. Games were scheduled such that in the first 17 matches, every opponent was played once. In the last 17 matches, the same opponents were played in the same order with the only difference being that the venue changed.


Heart of Shimmer Championship

The Heart of Shimmer Championship (stylized as Heart of SHIMMER Championship) is a women's professional wrestling championship in Shimmer Women Athletes. Championship reigns are determined by professional wrestling matches, in which competitors are involved in scripted rivalries. These narratives create feuds between the various competitors, which cast them as villains and heroines.


2007 24 Hours of Daytona

The 2007 Rolex 24 at Daytona was a Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series 24-hour endurance sports car race held on January 27–28, 2007 at the Daytona International Speedway road course. The overall winner of the race was the Chip Ganassi/Felix Sabates-owned #01 car, a Lexus-powered Riley MkXI, driven by Juan Pablo Montoya, Salvador Durán, and Scott Pruett. The GT class was won by the #22 Alegra Motorsports/Fiorano Racing Porsche GT3 Cup car driven by driver/owner Carlos de Quesada, Jean-François Dumoulin, Scooter Gabel, and Porsche factory driver Marc Basseng.
Prelude.
GAINSCO/Bob Stallings Racing driver Alex Gurney took the pole, his fourth in Rolex Series competition, with a lap of 1:43.475 at an average speed of .
Race.
At the green flag, which fell just past 1:30 p.m. Eastern time, Gurney jumped into the lead and the field made its way around the first lap cleanly. But after only seven laps of the 24-hour race, Gurney crashed into the back of a slower GT car which had lost its hood and unexpectedly slowed dramatically. The team would make repairs, but Gurney's GAINSCO Auto Insurance-sponsored Pontiac-powered Riley, which was co-driven by Jon Fogarty and Jimmy Vasser, would never again be in contention for the win.
On January 28, an early morning wreck of the #82 Porsche GT3 Cup, driven by Chris Pallis, damaged part of the outer retaining wall, causing the race stewards to display the red flag for only the third time in the history of the 24 Hours of Daytona, temporarily suspending the race while repairs took place.
An exciting battle took place between three different teams with a diverse group of drivers. The DP class fight was between eventual winner Telmex Chip Ganassi Racing's Juan Pablo Montoya and Scott Pruett, SunTrust Racing's Max Angelelli and SAMAX Motorsport's Patrick Carpentier. Polesitter Alex Gurney's hopes for victory were dashed when his GAINSCO/Bob Stallings Racing Pontiac Riley was damaged in a first-hour accident.
1,000,000th lap.
At 11:11a.m. on the morning of January 28, British-born female Champ Car driver Katherine Legge made history by completing the one millionth lap of the Rolex Daytona 24 hour race, since its inception. Legge, driving the #84 Robinson Racing Pontiac-powered Riley DP car, passed the finish line with less than 2 and a half hours left in the race, completing the 30,419th lap of the 2007 running of the race. Legge was lying in the 31st position at the time.
3 women competed at this years race. Valerie Limoges of Canada, Katherine Legge of Great Britain & Milka Duno of Venezuela.
Juan Pablo Montoya became the first racer in history to have won a Formula One race, the Indianapolis 500, a Champ Car title, and the 24 Hours of Daytona. Mario Andretti also won a Formula One race, a Champ Car title and an endurance sports car race at Daytona, but Andretti's victory came in the 1972 event alongside co-driver Jacky Ickx in a six-hour event.
Race results.
Class winners in bold.


Portuguese Roller Hockey First Division

The Portuguese Roller Hockey First Division ( or simply "1ª Divisão"; literally: Roller Hockey First Division National Championship) is the premier Portuguese roller hockey league. It was founded in 1939 and Sporting CP were crowned as the first champions. Benfica and Porto are record winners with 23 titles each, Porto being the current champions. The league is contested by 14 teams, with the top four teams qualifying for the following season's CERH European League and the fifth to eighth placed teams qualifying for the CERS Cup. The bottom three teams are relegated to the second-tier Portuguese Roller Hockey Second Division.
Champions.
Below are listed the champions, runners-up and third-placed teams per season. The cumulative number of titles is shown between brackets.


Double Duty

Double Duty also referred to as the Indy-Charlotte Double or Memorial Day Double, is an auto racing term centered around two events held on Memorial Day weekend in most years. The two events are the annual Indianapolis 500, which is the most important Indycar Series race held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Indiana, and the annual Coca-Cola 600, which is a NASCAR Cup Series race held at the Charlotte Motor Speedway in North Carolina. These two events are regarded as significant events for their respective series, as the Indianapolis 500 is the most prestigious race for Indycar while the Coca-Cola 600 has for years been considered one of NASCAR's most important races.
Both races are scheduled to be run on the same day, barring any postponements, with the Indianapolis 500 run in the early afternoon and the Coca-Cola 600 in the evening. For a driver to pull off the “Double”, he/she must compete at Indianapolis first, then board an airplane following the race and fly to Charlotte to complete the feat.
The feat was first attempted by John Andretti on May 29, 1994. In 2001, Tony Stewart became the first and only driver to date to successfully complete all 1,100 miles of both races in the same day.
The feat is considered physically demanding and mentally draining as a driver is required to be in a race car for most of the day, cover over one thousand miles in the course of the attempt, and do so with very little rest if any at all. It is similar in concept to the established discipline of endurance racing, but without the help of a relief driver, and the driver withstanding the very different physical demands of an Indycar, which is run with an open cockpit, and a stock car, in which the driver is enclosed.
Four drivers (John Andretti, Robby Gordon, Tony Stewart and Kurt Busch) have attempted. Of these, Tony Stewart's 2001 effort stands as the best combined result, finishing 6th at Indianapolis and 3rd at Charlotte. The most recent attempt was made by Busch in 2014. He finished in 6th place at the Indianapolis 500, and was the fastest rookie. However, he dropped out of the Coca-Cola 600 with a blown engine mid-race. He completed 906 miles.
Some drivers in the 1960s and 1970s attempted "crossovers," or running both events when they were scheduled on consecutive days, with Donnie Allison competing in both events in the same year.
Logistics.
The Indianapolis 500 is part of the NTT IndyCar Series, and the Coca-Cola 600 is part of the NASCAR Cup Series. Both races are held, weather permitting, on the Sunday of Memorial Day weekend. The Indy 500 at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway is traditionally scheduled in the afternoon, while the Coca-Cola 600 at Charlotte Motor Speedway is held as a night race. Since the events are not scheduled to overlap, this allows a driver a small window to travel between venues.
Such an accomplishment can be grueling and physically exhausting. It calls for a driver to race for over seven hours in two entirely different disciplines of racing cars. Along with a 430-mile airplane flight and severe time constraints, the driver has time for only a brief rest aboard the aircraft where they normally take on IV fluids, and are checked out by a physician.
Weather plays a significant factor in the logistics of "Double Duty". If weather cooperates and there is no rain at either venue, delays are usually minimal. However, if rain delays one of the races (particularly Indianapolis), it can significantly disrupt or completely cancel the opportunity for the attempt.
According to NASCAR rules all drivers are required, without exception, to attend in person the pre-race drivers' meeting or suffer a grid penalty. If a driver misses the meeting for any reason, they are forced to start from last position on the grid. The meeting normally takes place approximately two hours before the start of the race (Coca-Cola 600), and under the circumstances of "Double Duty", the driver would have little or no opportunity to attend in-person. Despite attempts over the years to lobby officials, including garage area petitions, and use of a video-conference device, drivers attempting "Double Duty" have all been required to start at the back of the grid for the Coca-Cola 600.
Month of May events.
When a driver attempts "Double Duty", their schedule is not just limited to race day. Additional flights back-and-forth between the venues are required in the two weeks leading up to the races in order to participate in practice and qualifying for the respective events. Time trials for the Indy 500 are held on Saturday and Sunday one week before the race. This potentially creates conflicts with the Monster Energy NASCAR All-Star Race. Qualifying for the Coca-Cola 600 is held on Thursday night, while Carb Day, the final practice session at Indy, is held on Friday. Typically drivers are also obligated to make appearances for sponsors and event marketing in the days leading up to the races, which can add to the travel burdens.
Itinerary.
A driver attempting the "Double Duty" has an extremely busy and tight schedule, particularly for race day. The morning begins in Indianapolis, and at the conclusion of the Indy 500 (or when the drivers drops out of the race), he immediately travels from the Speedway (via helicopter or police escort) to a nearby airport - Eagle Creek, Indianapolis International, or another in the vicinity. The flight from Indianapolis to Concord Regional Airport aboard a private jet takes approximately 55 minutes. From there, the driver will board a helicopter to Charlotte Motor Speedway and land in the infield. Upon arriving at the Coca-Cola 600, the driver is escorted to their car.
The schedule and the logistics are planned well in advance, and even the slightest deviation can cause significant delay and force the driver to miss the second race. Weather can cause unexpected delay, and even force the effort to be aborted. Due to the complex nature of the scheduling, it is standard practice for the driver's respective teams to have back-up relief drivers standing by at both events, in case the schedule is compromised.
Depending upon which of the two events is considered the top priority, a "drop dead" departure time may be assigned at Indy. According to NASCAR rules, the driver who "starts" the race in the car receives full championship points for that entry. If the driver is a full-time competitor on the Cup Series circuit (and only part-time in IndyCar), the team may require the driver to leave Indy before that race is over in order to arrive at Charlotte on time and receive full points. Conversely, if the Indy 500 is the top priority, and that race is running long, the driver may choose to forgo or delay the trip to Charlotte, and assign the back-up driver to start the 600 instead.
In 2001, Tony Stewart's "Double Duty" effort had the following published itinerary:
"Cross-over" history (1960–1993).
The Indianapolis 500 debuted in 1911, and from its onset, was scheduled in conjunction with Memorial Day. In 1960, Charlotte Motor Speedway was completed, and the inaugural World 600 was scheduled for Memorial Day weekend as well. However, for 1960, it was postponed until June 19 in order to ready the facility.
Starting in 1961, both Indy and Charlotte were scheduled around Memorial Day. Through the 1960s, the Indy 500 was normally scheduled for Memorial Day proper (May 30) regardless of the day of the week. When May 30 fell on a Sunday, the Indy 500 was moved to Monday May 31. At Charlotte, the World 600 was to be scheduled for the Sunday closest to Memorial Day. Thus for more than a decade, the two races were held on different days of the week. This prompted a handful of NASCAR regulars to attempt to race in the Indy 500. On a few occasions, drivers were able to "cross-over" and compete in both events, or skip the race at Charlotte in favor of Indy.
The NASCAR points system utilized at the time, as well as the structure of the schedule itself, differed substantially from modern times. The system was much more forgiving of drivers who missed a single race, which is why some drivers chose to skip Charlotte altogether.
In 1971, the Uniform Monday Holiday Act took effect, and began to alter the respective schedules for the races. Starting in 1974, the Indy 500 was permanently moved to the Sunday of Memorial Day weekend. Thus from 1974 to 1992, the races were scheduled for the same day, and at roughly the same starting time. Therefore, drivers were not able to compete in both events. Furthermore, in 1975, the NASCAR points system was overhauled, and became much more unforgiving to drivers missing individual races. Very few NASCAR regulars would choose to skip Charlotte, which was emerging as one of the crown jewels on the Winston Cup calendar.
Starting in 1985, the World 600 secured the sponsorship of The Coca-Cola Company, and henceforth became known as the Coca-Cola 600.
1963.
NASCAR regular Junior Johnson entered at Indy, but did not qualify. Curtis Turner passed a rookie test, but later crashed in practice.
1965.
The World 600 is held on Sunday May 23, and the Indy 500 is held on Monday May 31. The NASCAR Wood Brothers pit crew were invited to Indy to service the Lotus-Ford entries of Jim Clark and Bobby Johns. Bobby Johns was a NASCAR semi-regular, and he skipped Charlotte to concentrate on Indy.
1966.
NASCAR driver Cale Yarborough skips Charlotte and races at Indy. He finishes 28th. The Wood Brothers pit crew returned for a second year, but the car they were to service (Dan Gurney), crashed out on the first lap.
1967.
The World 600 is held on Sunday May 28, and the Indy 500 is scheduled for Tuesday May 30. NASCAR driver LeeRoy Yarbrough skips Charlotte and races at Indy. He finishes 27th, having been involved in three separate spins. Cale Yarborough becomes the first driver to compete in both races in the same year. He dropped out with broken steering and finished 41st at Charlotte. At Indy he placed 17th, spinning out once, and crashing out late in the race.
A rain delay caused the Indy 500 to be held over two days, May 30–31.
1968.
The World 600 is held on Sunday May 26, and the Indy 500 is held Thursday May 30. Jerry Grant becomes the second driver to compete in both races in the same year. He finished 12th at Charlotte and 23rd at Indy.
1969.
The World 600 is held on Sunday May 25, and the Indy 500 is held Friday May 30. NASCAR driver Lee Roy Yarbrough won the race at Charlotte, and at Indy, he finished 23rd. Charlie Glotzbach, a NASCAR regular, entered at Indy, but failed to qualify.
1970.
The World 600 is held on Sunday May 24, and the Indy 500 is held Saturday May 30. NASCAR driver Donnie Allison won the race at Charlotte, and finished 4th at Indy. To date, it is the best combined performance for both races. Lee Roy Yarbrough also competed in both events. He finished 29th at Charlotte and 19th at Indy.
The day after Indy (Sunday May 31), Yarbrough flew to Martinsville to race in the Virginia 500. He dropped out and finished 26th. For the second year in a row, Charlie Glotzbach (who finished 25th at Charlotte) entered, but failed to qualify at Indy.
1971.
Memorial Day is moved to Monday, and the Indy 500 is held Saturday May 29. The World 600 is held the very next day, Sunday May 30. NASCAR driver Donnie Allison finished 6th at Indy on Saturday, and finished 2nd at the race at Charlotte. Cale Yarborough skipped Charlotte, and managed to finish 16th at Indy. Sunday night, Donnie Allison flew back to Indianapolis in time to attend the 500 Victory Banquet.
1972.
The races are held on successive days again, but no drivers attempt to race in both. Cale Yarborough skipped Charlotte once again, and finish 10th at Indy.
1973.
Charlotte is held on Sunday May 27, while Indy is scheduled for Monday May 28. Due to rain, the Indy 500 is not held until Wednesday May 30. Bobby Allison skipped Charlotte and raced at Indy for the first time.
1974.
The two events are held on the same day for the first time, with roughly the same start time. No drivers attempt a "cross over."
1975.
Bobby Allison skipped Charlotte and raced at Indy. This would be the final time during this era that a noteworthy NASCAR regular did a "cross over" to the Indy 500.
1976.
Rookie Janet Guthrie made a highly publicized attempt to qualify at the Indy 500. However, she was not able to get her car up to speed and did not make a qualifying attempt. After creating a media stir, and with the spotlight still on her, she quickly found herself an alternative. Promoter Humpy Wheeler consummated a deal for Guthrie to acquire a car from NASCAR owner Ralph Moody, and within 48 hours, flew her to Charlotte to qualify instead for the World 600. Guthrie started 27th and finished 15th. It was her first NASCAR Winston Cup Series start.
1979.
NASCAR regular Neil Bonnett entered at Indy looking to qualify. He was up to speed, however, he suffered a blown engine on the morning of pole qualifying. The following weekend, rain complicated his schedule, and he decided to withdraw from Indy.
1980.
Future NASCAR star Tim Richmond, who started his professional driving career in Indy cars, won the Rookie of the Year Award at Indianapolis.
1983.
Future NASCAR driver Ken Schrader entered at Indy. He crashed during practice and failed to qualify.
Double Duty history (1994–2015).
In 1992, Musco Lighting Company installed lights at Charlotte Motor Speedway, becoming the first "speedway" to allow for night racing. For 1992, The Winston was held under-the-lights, but the Coca-Cola 600 was still held during the afternoon. In 1993, the start time for the Coca-Cola 600 was moved to 4:30 p.m. eastern, which eliminated overlap with the Indy 500, and the race became an evening/night race. The 4:30 p.m. start time did not yet allow adequate time for a competitor to complete both, but the idea was planted, and subsequent years, the start time for the 600 was moved later, and a travel window would open up.
1994.
IndyCar veteran John Andretti switched full-time to the NASCAR Winston Cup Series starting in 1994, but desired to also compete in the Indy 500. Andretti announced that he would become the first driver ever to attempt to drive in both the Indy 500 and Coca-Cola 600 in the same day. Andretti successfully qualified for both events, and planned a detailed travel itinerary. On race day, Andretti got off to a good start early on. He was running as high as third at Indianapolis during the first half of the race. At the checkered flag, Andretti finished 10th at Indy. He then immediately boarded a helicopter to the airport. He flew to Charlotte, and arrived in just enough time to make the start for the Coca-Cola 600. Since Andretti missed the pre-race drivers' meeting, he was forced to start at the back of the field at Charlotte. He dropped out on lap 220 with engine failure, and finished 36th.
Later in the year, Andretti raced in the Inaugural Brickyard 400. Indy 500 veterans Danny Sullivan, A. J. Foyt, and Geoff Brabham also qualified for the event. But Andretti became the first driver to compete in both events in the same season.
1995.
IndyCar veteran Davy Jones announced plans to attempt the "Double Duty." He qualified at Indy, but failed to qualify at Charlotte.
1996.
No drivers or teams expressed interest in attempting the double in 1996. Meanwhile, the open wheel "split" was the focus of the month at Indy.
1997.
IndyCar veteran Robby Gordon switched full-time to NASCAR for 1997. Driving for the Felix Sabates SABCO Racing team, he was entered in both races, a highly funded, and highly publicized effort. On race day, however, the Indy 500 was rained out, and the opportunity for the true "Double Duty" was eliminated. Gordon departed the grounds, and went directly to Charlotte when the postponement was announced. Gordon finished 41st at Charlotte after a crash. On Monday, Gordon flew back to Indy, and started the race. The race was halted on lap 15 due to rain, and the conclusion was pushed into Tuesday. On Tuesday, Gordon dropped out early with a fire, and finished 29th.
1998.
No drivers attempted the "Double Duty," but one crew member worked both races. Dale Earnhardt's gasman Danny "Chocolate" Myers was invited to also serve as the fueler for Billy Boat's car at A.J. Foyt Racing.
1999.
Tony Stewart, an IRL regular from 1996 to 1998, switched to the NASCAR Winston Cup Series for 1999. He arranged to attempt "Double Duty" for the first time. On pole day, Stewart had to qualify at Indy, then quickly fly to Charlotte in order to participate in the Winston Open. He was forced to take a slow speed in time trials, and ended up qualifying 24th at Indy. That evening, Stewart won the Winston Open, and finished second in main event, The Winston. On race day, Stewart finished 9th at the Indy 500, and was not a factor. At Charlotte, Stewart led laps, and finished 4th.
Robby Gordon and Roberto Moreno became the first two drivers to compete in a CART event and at the Indianapolis 500 on consecutive days. The Motorola 300 at Gateway was held on Saturday May 29. Moreno finished 4th, and Gordon crashed and finished 27th. Gordon and Moreno both returned to Indy in time for Sunday's race.
2000.
Robby Gordon attempted "Double Duty" for the second time. On race day, rain delayed the start of the Indy 500 by three hours. Gordon remained at Indianapolis, and started the race as planned. He finished 6th, and back-up driver P. J. Jones started his car at Charlotte instead. After the Indy 500 was over, Gordon flew to Charlotte, and during a pit stop, took over the car from Jones. He drove the car to a 35th-place finish.
Three other drivers competed in multiple events during the weekend. Juan Pablo Montoya and Jimmy Vasser participated in the CART Bosch Spark Plug Grand Prix at Nazareth Speedway on Saturday, the day before the Indy 500. Montoya finished 4th, and Vasser 7th. Also on Saturday, Jason Leffler traveled to Charlotte to participate in the NASCAR Busch Series Carquest Auto Parts 300. Leffler finished 21st at Charlotte. All three were back to Indy on Sunday.
2001.
For the second time, Tony Stewart decided to attempt "Double Duty." Still part of Joe Gibbs Racing in NASCAR, he signed with Chip Ganassi Racing for Indy. On race day, Stewart was a factor all day, leading 13 laps. Despite a brief rain shower, the race did not have a significant delay. Stewart wound up finishing 6th at Indy, on the lead lap. He immediately departed for Charlotte, and made it to the track in just enough time. Starting last due to missing the drivers' meeting, Stewart spun out on lap 2, but claimed it was not due to fatigue. As the race continued, Stewart climbed up the standings, and finished third, on the lead lap. He became the first, and to date, only driver to complete all 1,100 miles of both races in the same day.
2002.
Robby Gordon attempted "Double Duty" for the third time, and for the first time, rain did not interfere with his effort. At Indy, he finished 8th on the lead lap. At Charlotte, he started last (due to missing the drivers' meeting), but worked his way up to the top five. He started suffering from handling problems, and cramps in his leg, and he fell two laps down. He made up one lap, and finished 16th. At the end of the day, he was one lap short of completing the entire 1,100 miles.
2003.
Robby Gordon attempted "Double Duty" for the fourth time. He qualified on the front row at Indy, but dropped out with gearbox trouble (22nd place). Due to his early retirement, and with adequate time, Gordon received a police escort by car to the airport instead of a helicopter ride. At Charlotte, Gordon was running 17th when the race was called for rain on lap 276 of 400 (414 miles). A week after race day, ESPN aired a one-hour documentary profiling the effort.
2004.
For the third year in a row and fifth time overall, Robby Gordon attempted "Double Duty." On race day, rain delayed the start of the Indy 500 by two hours. Gordon started the race as planned. On lap 27, the red flag came out for rain, and the race was halted. It appeared that the rest of the day would likely be a washout, so Gordon departed for Charlotte. After another two hours, the track dried, and the race resumed. Jaques Lazier was standing by, and climbed in Gordon's car to drive relief. He worked his way up the standings, but dropped out on lap 88 with a broken axle. Meanwhile, at Charlotte, Robby Gordon finished 20th, three laps down.
On Bump Day (May 23), Tony Stewart created a stir when he made an unexpected visit to the Speedway. After finishing third the previous night in the NEXTEL All-Star Challenge, Stewart was seen in the Foyt garages climbing into a car and at one point even donned a driver's suit. The car was wheeled to the pits and it appeared Stewart was preparing to take practice laps. Members of the media converged, and rumors began buzzing around the track about a possible "Double Duty" attempt. Stewart awaited permission from his sponsors to drive the car, but no deal could be arranged. A. J. Foyt and Stewart were given the dubious "Jigger Award" for pumping life into an otherwise uneventful day.
2005–2012.
In 2005, the start time for the Indy 500 was moved to 12 p.m. EST (1 p.m. EDT), which significantly reduced the amount of time available for travel between the events. From 2005 to 2010, the time frame was deemed insufficient, and despite various rumors of possible attempts over the years, the opportunity to perform "Double Duty" was effectively on hiatus.
During this period, while no drivers attempted to compete in both races, some drivers and owners attended both races in whole or in part. In 2006, Penske Racing's Kurt Busch was in attendance at Indianapolis the morning of the race and watched the start of the 500 as a guest of Team Penske. Shortly after, he flew to Charlotte to arrive in time for the drivers meeting, and raced in the 600. In 2007, Richard Petty watched the start of the Indy 500, along with Robbie Loomis and Dale Inman. They then flew to Charlotte to attend the 600. Car owner Chip Ganassi was also scheduled to attend both races, but due to a mid-race rain delay, remained at Indy. In 2010, Ganassi won at Indy with driver Dario Franchitti, then later flew to Charlotte to take in the second half of the 600. His driver Jamie McMurray finished second in the 600.
For 2011, the start time for the Indy 500 was moved back to 12 noon EDT, which effectively re-opened the travel window and made it possible to attempt "Double Duty" once again. Rumors began to surface that drivers (namely Robby Gordon) were interested in making the attempt. NASCAR regulars Jimmie Johnson and Kasey Kahne also reportedly expressed interest, and a rumor of a $20 million award for winning both races circulated. No plans ever materialized. A year later, despite some rumors about possibly doing the double in 2012, Danica Patrick also nixed plans to compete in both races.
2013.
In early May 2013, 2004 NASCAR Nextel Cup Series champion Kurt Busch tested for Andretti Autosport at Indianapolis, opening up the possibility of a "Double Duty" attempt in 2014. During the private test, Busch reached a top lap of 218 mph. Busch successfully passed his initial rookie test for the Indianapolis 500.
2014.
On March 4, 2014, it was announced that Kurt Busch would attempt "Double Duty" with Andretti Autosport. The effort was done in-part to help raise awareness for military veterans with PTSD and TBI. Busch took part in a refresher test on April 29, and a week later participated in the annual Rookie Orientation Program. Busch led the speed chart on Rookie Orientation day, then posted the second-fastest speed on May 13.
On May 17, the first day of time trials, Busch made two qualifying attempts, and posted the 10th-fastest speed, just missing the Fast Nine Shootout. Just moments after his second attempt, he boarded a helicopter and then flew to Charlotte to compete in the NASCAR Sprint All-Star Race. Busch finished 11th in the All-Star Race, then flew back to Indianapolis for the second day of time trials. On May 18, Busch qualified for the 12th starting position for the Indy 500. On Monday, Busch participated in the post-qualifying practice session at Indy. About an hour and a half into the session, he suffered a hard crash in the exit of turn two. He was uninjured but forced to switch to a backup car for Carb Day and race day.
On race day at Indianapolis, Busch started 12th, and fell back to as low as 20th. Although he was not a factor for the win, he finished on the lead lap in 6th and was the highest-finishing rookie. He tied with Robby Gordon and Tony Stewart as the three drivers to finish 6th, the best Indianapolis finish for Double Duty drivers. Busch arrived in Charlotte with time to spare, but was still required to start at the rear of the field due to missing the mandatory pre-race driver's meeting. He ran as high as the top 15, but ultimately failed to finish with a mid-race engine failure. He completed a total of of racing. Busch was named the Indy 500 Rookie of the Year. Busch's effort was documented on the NBCSN series "36".
2015–present.
Indiana native Jeff Gordon, during his last NASCAR Sprint Cup Series season, drove the pace car at the start of the 2015 Indianapolis 500 before flying to Charlotte for the Coca-Cola 600. He has never competed in the Indy 500, although he did win the Brickyard 400 five times.
Doug Rice, the anchor of the Performance Racing Network, as well as the anchor for the Brickyard 400 on the IMS Radio Network, joined the broadcast crew as a pit reporter for the Indy 500. Rice performed broadcasting "double duty", working the pits for the Indy 500, then flying to Charlotte Motor Speedway to call the Coca-Cola 600 later that evening. He is believed to be the first broadcaster to cover both races in-person on the same day.
For 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019, despite some very early rumors, no drivers attempted double duty at Indy and Charlotte.
In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic caused the 2020 Indianapolis 500 to be moved from May to August while the 2020 Coca-Cola 600 remained on its scheduled date. While it was possible for a driver to compete in both races, the rescheduled Indy 500 date fell on the same day as a NASCAR Cup Series race at Dover International Speedway, making it impossible to run both races. James Davidson skipped the practice session at Indy following the Fast 9 Shootout to compete in the NASCAR Cup Series Go Bowling 235 at the Daytona Road Course.
For 2021, no full-time NASCAR drivers are planning to attempt double-duty. In addition to complications due to COVID-19 pandemic protocols, during qualifying weekend for the 2021 Indianapolis 500 the NASCAR Cup Series will run at Circuit of the Americas for the first time. In order to compete at both COTA and the Indy 500, NASCAR drivers would have to sacrifice practice time at both events. In addition, the race at COTA will start almost immediately after the Fast 9 Shootout at Indy, ruling out a pole run.
Race results.
The Indianapolis 500 is scheduled for 200 laps (500 miles). The Coca-Cola 600 is scheduled for 400 laps (600 miles). The typical number of starters, respectively, for each race is 33 (Indianapolis) and 40 (Charlotte). During this period, the only deviation was in 1997, when the Indianapolis 500 had 35 starters due to extenuating circumstances following the close of time trials.
Other uses of the term.
Indianapolis 500 and Grand Prix of Monaco.
During the 1960s and 1970s, a handful of drivers raced at the Indianapolis 500 while maintaining a full-time schedule in Formula One. This would require them to travel between Indianapolis and Europe during the month of May, usually between Indy and the Monaco Grand Prix at Monte Carlo, two of the three components of the Triple Crown of Motorsport. For many years, Indy and Monaco were not held on the same day. Furthermore, prior to 1971, the Indy 500 was held on May 30 regardless of the day of the week (unless it fell on a Sunday, in which case it was scheduled for Monday May 31). With the Indy 500 often falling on a weekday, and Monaco usually held on a Sunday a week or two prior, travel burdens were relatively workable.
Racing at both Indy and Monaco in the same year became mostly impossible after Indy was moved to race on Sunday starting in 1974, and Monaco likewise was eventually moved to the last Sunday in May (same day as Indy), ending just a couple hours before the green flag dropped at Indianapolis.
In 2021, Monaco will run the weekend before the Indianapolis 500. Some questioned if Fernando Alonso, who had attempted to qualify for Indy in 3 of the past 4 runnings would attempt double duty. However, in addition to scheduling conflicts with Monaco and Indy 500 qualifying, Alonso's new contract with Renault specifically forbids an Indianapolis 500 attempt due to safety concerns.
Same weekend races.
There are other lesser, informal uses of the term "Double Duty" in context to motorsports. Namely instances where a driver competes in two major races on the same day or on successive days. This occurs in a fairly regular fashion in NASCAR, where a driver (often numerous drivers) compete in the Xfinity Series and Cup Series events, or even Gander Outdoors Truck Series races; this practice is widely known as "Buschwhacking" (in reference to the Xfinity Series' then-title sponsor Busch beer). However, in most cases, the multiple events take place at the same venue, diminishing the complexity of the feat. At times, some drivers even raced the entire NASCAR Cup and entire Xfinity schedule, which included some travel between cities for a handful of weekends where the two series were at different venues.
On rare occasions, there have been situations in which an Xfinity Series race became rained out, and was rescheduled for the day of the NASCAR Cup race. This occurred the weekend of the 2007 Winn-Dixie 250 and Pepsi 400 at Daytona, and the 2010 spring weekend at Talladega, with the Aaron's 312 happening after the Aaron's 499. In the later case, the resulting distance was over 851 miles distance traveled, as both races were extended by green-white-checkered finishes. Ironically, in the latter, Kevin Harvick and Jamie McMurray were the top two cars at the white flag for both races; Harvick won the Cup race by a bumper over McMurray, and McMurray started the big one as Brad Keselowski snuck by Harvick for the win during the Xfinity Series race.
Similarly, double duty has occurred in instances where a NASCAR driver also takes part in a support race (namely Grand Am), but seldom attempted when the races were at different tracks. This is more prevalent at road courses such as Watkins Glen or Sonoma. Another example of this is at Daytona, where the Paul Revere 250 was held the same day as the Firecracker 400 numerous times, and several drivers competed in both.
Another short-lived "double duty" occurred between the Indianapolis 500 and IMSA. A few drivers, Geoff Brabham, Kevin Cogan, and Rocky Moran, competed at Indy on Sunday, and at Lime Rock on Monday.
In 2020, due to scheduling changes resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, the IndyCar Series announced that it would hold its GMR Grand Prix road course race on July 4, as part of a double-header with the Xfinity Series Pennzoil 150 (which, for the 2020 season, will be moved from the oval to the road course as well), a support race for the Cup Series Brickyard 400. A USAC dirt track event known as the Driven2SaveLives BC39 is also held during the Brickyard 400 week, leading Tony Stewart (who has occasionally participated in dirt track events) to envision the theoretical possibility of racing all four events. Stewart ended up not attempting any races, citing financial challenges and lack of fan attendance due to the pandemic. The dirt event was also subsequently cancelled.


Liz Clarke

Liz Clarke is an American sportswriter. Currently a sportswriter for "The Washington Post", she has covered the sport of NASCAR for "The Charlotte Observer", "Dallas Morning News", "USA Today" and "The Post". She currently covers the Georgetown Hoyas men's college basketball team for the "Washington Post".
Over the course of her career, she has twice been honored as NASCAR's top print journalist with the Russ Catlin Award for Excellence in Motorsports Journalism (1996 and 2003). Her first book, "One Helluva Ride: How NASCAR Swept the Nation", was released on February 12, 2008. In the book, Clarke brings people closer to the sport and business of NASCAR. Her close relationships with drivers and vast knowledge of the sport enabled Clarke to chronicle NASCAR's transition from regional obsession to national phenomenon; while also profiling the sport's dynasties, the Allisons, Pettys and Earnhardts.
While Clarke presently covers NASCAR, her knowledge of sports is wide-ranging. She spent four seasons as a Washington Redskins beat writer for "The Post", and has written extensively about the Olympics, tennis and college sports.
Clarke is also a weekly "side-chick" on "The Tony Kornheiser Show", and serves as Mr. Tony's motorsports translator. She is an occasional panelist on Comcast SportsNet’s Washington Post Live, an interactive sports roundtable covering the stories, trends and topics in the news and on the minds of sports fans throughout the Mid-Atlantic area.
A graduate of New York City’s Barnard College in 1983, Clarke lives in Washington, D.C.


Tai Baribo

Tai Baribo (; born 15 January 1998) is an Israeli footballer who plays as a forward for Maccabi Petah Tikva and the Israel national Under-21 team.
Career.
Baribo was born and raised in Eilat. Baribo started playing football for Hapoel Rishon LeZion. Due to the long distance, he had to get to team training on flights. When he reached the age of 15, he joined to Maccabi Petah Tikva.
On 1 March 2017, Baribo made his senior debut in the 1-2 loss against Maccabi Tel Aviv in the Israel State Cup match.


II Lyga

Lithuanian Football Federation's II lyga, LFF II lyga – the third tier Lithuanian football championship. The league consists of the Southern Zone and the Western Zone. The two winners gain promotion to the I Lyga.
The Northern Zone and the Eastern Zone existed in some past seasons, but were done away with due to the dwindling number of participating clubs.
League Structure.
Southern Zone.
The zone has existed since 1999. Kaunas County Football Federation is in charge of the competition in this zone.
Eastern Zone.
The zone existed in 2015 and 2016, however, due to a club mass withdrawal from the competition, the zone was done away with, and the remaining clubs joined the Southern Zone. Vilnius region football union was in charge of the competition in this zone.
Western Zone.
In 2007 the zone was merged into the Northern Zone and ceased to exist. In 2008 the Northern Zone was renamed the Western Zone. Telšiai County Football Federation is in charge of the competition in this zone.
Northern Zone.
The zone existed from 2002-2007, afterwards it was renamed the Western Zone. Telšiai County Football Federation is in charge of the competition in this zone.
Current Season.
In the 2020 season, 14 teams are playing in the Southern Zone and 12 in the Western Zone. The season started on 12 June 2020 after a delay caused by COVID-19 virus pandemic.


Milton (horse)

'Marius Silver Jubilee', better known as Milton (16 February 1977 – 4 July 1999) was a successful showjumping horse ridden by John Whitaker. He was a grey gelding and stood high at the withers.
Biography.
Foaled in 1977, Milton was by Dutch Warmblood Marius, out of Irish Draught Aston Answers. His lines included successful sportshorses in both paternal and maternal lines, his sire being an international level and his dam a Grade A national level jumper.
When Milton was young, Caroline Bradley, who had ridden Marius to international success, told her parents he would be her Olympic mount. She trained him until her death in 1983, after which many offers were made to her parents to buy the gelding, who had already proven his talent. They kept the horse. Stephen Hadley, known later as a FEI TV show jumping commentator, rode Milton for a short time, before he became a mount of the world-renowned international rider John Whitaker. Milton entered international competition in 1985.
Career.
During his competitive career, Milton achieved many international victories, and became the first horse outside the racing world to win more than £1 million in prize money. Throughout his career, Milton rarely touched a rail or refused a fence. The gelding was a favourite with the crowd, many times ending a successful round with a leap into the air. Even after his retirement at the 1994 Olympia Horse Show, he was adored by all. Milton died on 4 July 1999. He was buried on the Whitakers' farm in Yorkshire.


Dalilah Sappenfield

Dalilah Sappenfield is an American World and Olympic figure skating coach and choreographer who specializes in pair skating. She has worked as a coach since 1993 and is the 2008 USFSA/PSA Coach of the Year, an award she won after her pair teams won the gold medals at the novice, junior, and senior levels at the 2008 U.S. Figure Skating Championships. Her pair Alexa Scimeca Knierim & Chris Knierim qualified to the 2018 Winter Olympics. She is the adoptive mother of Laureano Ibarra, and he and his first partner were her first pair team.
Sappenfield coaches in Colorado Springs, Colorado, at the Broadmoor World Arena. She has coached Alexa Scimeca Knierim & Chris Knierim to two U.S. National titles (2015, 2018), Keauna McLaughlin & Rockne Brubaker to two U.S. National titles (2008, 2009), Caydee Denney & John Coughlin to the 2012 National title and Caitlin Yankowskas & John Coughlin to the 2011 National title. She also coached McLaughlin & Brubaker to the 2007 World Junior title and the 2006 Junior Grand Prix Final title. Her pair teams have won several medals on the ISU Grand Prix and the ISU Junior Grand Prix. Additional skaters she has coached include Jessica Rose Paetsch & Jon Nuss, Meeran Trombley & Laureano Ibarra, Brittany Vise & Nicholas Kole, Igor Macypura, and Austin Kanallakan.
U.S. National Champions coached by Sappenfield include:


Karl Frederick

Karl Telford Frederick (February 2, 1881 – February 11, 1963) was an American sport shooter who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics.
In 1920 he won the gold medal in the individual free pistol event. And he won two gold medals as member of the American team in the team 50 metre free pistol competition and in the team 30 metre military pistol event. He also participated in the individual 30 metre military pistol competition but his place is unknown.
He was born in Chateaugay, New York and graduated from Princeton University and Harvard Law School.
Frederick served as president of the National Rifle Association (from 1934 to 1935) and vice president of the US Revolver Association. He testified during hearings on the National Firearms Act in 1934, saying "I have never believed in the general practice of carrying weapons. I seldom carry one. I have when I felt it was desirable to do so for my own protection. I know that applies in most of the instances where guns are used effectively in self-defense or in places of business and in the home. I do not believe in the general promiscuous toting of guns. I think it should be sharply restricted and only under licenses." Following discussion on the criminal element obtaining weapons, he said "I believe in regulatory methods. I think that makes it desirable that any such regulations imposed should not impose undue hardships on the law-abiding citizens and that they should not obstruct him in the right of self-defense, but that they should be directed exclusively, so far as possible, to suppressing the criminal use, or punishing the criminal use of weapons."


Northern League (New Zealand)

The Northern League is a semi-professional New Zealand association football competition. It is a top-tier competition during the winter season, and sits at step two overall.
The Northern League includes football clubs located in the northern part of the North Island from the Northland, Auckland, Waikato and Bay of Plenty regions. Beginning 2021, clubs will be able to compete for promotion into the New Zealand National League for the first time since 2004.
The first four years (1965–1969).
In the years 1965–1969, before the launch of a National Soccer League, the Northern League was the highest level competition available to the clubs in the northern region. When the National Soccer League was created in 1970, the Northern League became one of its feeder leagues.
In 1997 and 1998, when the National Soccer League operated as an invitation-only summer league, the Northern League again became the highest level club competition available to the clubs from the northern provinces.
Present day.
With the demise of the club-based National Soccer League in 2004, the Northern League, now known as Lotto Sport Italia NRFL Men's Premier, became part of the highest level of football league competition in New Zealand for the third time in its history. The league runs between the New Zealand autumn and winter months (April to September), while the New Zealand Football Championship runs between the New Zealand spring and summer months (October to March).
Renaming and restructuring of leagues in the country.
In March 2021, New Zealand Football announced a change to the structure of both the premiership and the top regional leagues around the country. The four top regional leagues (NRFL Premier, Central Premier League, Mainland Premier League and the FootballSouth Premier League) would be formed into the Northern League, Central League, and the Southern League. These leagues would allow local clubs to qualify for the premiership season (now known as the National League Championship), with the top 4 teams from the Northern League, the top 3 teams from the Central League, and the top 2 teams from the Southern League making up the competition, alongside the Wellington Phoenix Reserve side. All teams that qualify plus the Phoenix Reserves, would then play a single round-robin competition between September and December.
Sponsors.
The following list is of the official sponsors of the League, unless otherwise noted.
Current clubs.
"As of the 2021 season."
Notable players.
This list consists of past or present notable players that have either represented an international team, or made more than fifty appearances at a professional level in their careers.


Zero keel


International Shotokan Karate Federation

The International Shotokan Karate Federation (ISKF) is one of the largest shotokan karate organization in North and South America. In 1977, in an effort to spread the study of shotokan throughout the world, high-ranking members from the Japan Karate Association (JKA) founded the ISKF. In 2007, the ISKF split off from the JKA to become an independent organization. Members of the ISKF follow the teachings of shotokan's founder, Gichin Funakoshi. Though the ISKF is based mainly in the United States, affiliated dojos can be found in over forty countries worldwide. Hiroyoshi Okazaki is the chairman and chief instructor of the ISKF.
Testing.
For all kyu (colored belt) tests, the candidate must demonstrate the mandated kata for their rank, karate basics, and sparring. Testing of a karateka is typically allowed every three months until 1st kyu is obtained. The minimum waiting period between 1st kyu and 1st dan is typically one year.
For dan (black belt) examinations, the candidate must travel to the regional headquarters or attend clinics given by certified examiners (such as national competitions). The candidate must demonstrate two katas, one of his or her choice and one chosen by the chief examiner. The candidate is also tested on free sparring, which is non-point (i.e. it does not stop when someone makes contact). Older candidates may also demonstrate self-defense techniques, in which they must defend themselves from a series of attacks from an instructor. Board-breaking is not generally tested, as it falls outside the purview of traditional karate.
Master camp.
The ISKF runs an annual training retreat in Green Lane, Pennsylvania, which draws karate practitioners from all over the world. Guest instructors from outside of the ISKF are often invited to teach classes. Mandatory classes are held twice per day, optional training once per day, and a special instructor training class once per day. Dan (black belt) exams, examiner certification, and judge certification are also offered. The retreat generally concludes with a goodwill tournament.
Other camps are held outside the United States.
Collegiate karate.
The ISKF is affiliated at both the National level with the National Collegiate Karate Association (NCKA) and at the regional Level with the East Coast Collegiate Karate Union (ECCKU). Hiroyoshi Okazaki is the chairman and chief instructor; Dr. JD Swanson is the director of both the NCKA and ECCKU. Dr. Swanson runs two ISKF Collegiate Clubs at Brown University and Salve Regina University and is author of the popular book "Karate Science: Dynamic Movement published by YMAA. Jason Haase is the ECCKU coordinator. The ECCKU has 15 member-colleges, but any karateka in college may compete in tournaments. The biggest collegiate event to date was held at Lycoming College in 2018, had over 80 participants and multiple instructors (including Sensei Hoffman, Vance, Haase, Swanson, Taka-Hashi & Bliss).
Split with JKA.
In June 2007, the ISKF ended its affiliation with the JKA due to a conflict over new rules that were declared at the 2007 JKA board of directors meeting.
On April 2, 2007, three of the founding members of the ISKF (Takashina, Koyama, and Takayuki Mikami) decided to remain with the JKA, forming JKA/WF Americas and the JKA American Federation (JKA/AF). However, a majority of the practitioners within the ISKF decided to remain with that organization rather than JKA, including Teruyuki Okazaki, one of the founders.
Mikami and Takashina have made individual statements about their decision to remain in the JKA.
The ISKF made a formal statement regarding the break.
2011 Political Split.
In 2011 the International Shotokan Karate Federation (ISKF) suffered a split when Frank Woon-A-Tai left the ISKF to form the International Karate Daigaku (IKD). During the split approximately half of the Canadian membership from the ISKF left to help form the IKD including all of the membership from Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland, more than half of the membership from Quebec, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Other countries soon followed suit including Guyana, Frank Woon-A-Tai's home country.


Grigory Helbach

Grigory Helbach (Hellbach, Gelbach, Gelbak) (13 January 1863, Zvenyhorodka – 3 August 1930) was a Russian chess master.
He tied for 6-7th at Moscow 1899 (the 1st All-Russian Masters' Tournament, Mikhail Chigorin won), took 6th at St. Petersburg 1900 (Chigorin and Alexander Levin won), shared 1st with Sergey Lebedev at St. Petersburg 1901, took 7th at St. Petersburg 1902, shared 1st at St.Petersburg 1903, took 15th at St. Petersburg 1905/06 (the 4th RUS-ch, Gersz Salwe won), and tied for 15-16th at St. Petersburg 1909 (All-Russian Amateur Tournament, Alexander Alekhine won). He won a game against Alexei Alekhine in a friendly team match St. Petersburg vs. Moscow (6 : 3 ) in 1911.


Daniela Iraschko-Stolz

Daniela Iraschko-Stolz ( Iraschko; born 21 November 1983) is an Austrian ski jumper and footballer.
She is one of the ski jumping's most successful female athletes, having won the 2014/15 women's World Cup season, and has the third most individual female World Cup wins – 12 – as of March 2017. Since 2003 she has held the women's ski flying world record of , and remains the only woman to reach that distance.
In football she has played at the highest levels of the domestic women's game.
Career.
Ski jumping.
Iraschko-Stolz has competed in ski jumping since 2000. She is best known for her three individual victories at the Holmenkollen Ski Festival (2000, 2001, 2003). In 2009–10 she won the women's Continental Cup. She won the gold medal at the 2007 Winter Universiade in Turin, gold at the 2011 Ski Jumping World Championships in Holmenkollen, and silver at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. At World Cup level, she has nine individual wins and finished second overall in the first ever women's World Cup season in 2011/12.
On 29 January 2003, Iraschko-Stolz became the first woman to fly over 200 metres, during practice for a World Cup event on the ski flying hill in Kulm, a women's world record which still stands today.
Due to being injured, she was unable to compete in the Nordic World Championships 2013.
In 2014, she won a silver medal in the normal hill competition at the Winter Olympics in Sochi.
At the Nordic World Ski Championship 2015 in Falun, she won a bronze medal in the normal hill competition. At the Nordic World Ski Championship 2017 in Lahti, she won together with Michael Hayböck, Jacqueline Seifriedsberger, and Stefan Kraft the silver medal in the mixed team competition.
Football.
Iraschko started playing association football at a young age and started her career at WSV Eisenerz in 1993. In 2003 she moved to the Bundesliga side Innsbrucker AC, and after the dissolution of the women's team in 2006 she moved to Wacker Innsbruck. In 2008, 2009 and 2010 she became Austrian runner-up with the team behind the champions SV Neulengbach, in 2009 and 2012 she was in the Austrian Cup final.
Honours and Statistics.
Austrian football.
With Wacker Innsbruck:
Personal life.
She married her lesbian partner in 2013.


Joe Meyer (equestrian)

Joe Meyer (born 27 October 1970) is a New Zealand equestrian. He competed in eventing at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.


Joanne Vaughan

Joanne Vaughan (born 30 April 1961) is a British-born Georgian dressage rider. She represented Georgia at the 2014 World Equestrian Games in Normandy where she retired during the Grand Prix, the first phase of the individual dressage competition. By doing so, she became the first Georgian athlete to compete at the World Equestrian Games.


Joseph Crockett

Joseph "Joe" William Crockett (February 16, 1905 – July 11, 2001) was an American sport shooter who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics.
He was born in Washington, D. C. and died in Englewood, Colorado.
In 1924 he won the gold medal as member of the American team in the team free rifle competition.


NORCECA Beach Volleyball Circuit

The Norceca Beach Volleyball Circuit is a sport competition for national teams in the sport of beach volleyball.
The championship combines events for men and women, and is held annually, organized by the North, Central America and Caribbean Volleyball Confederation (NORCECA).


International 500

The International 500 Snowmobile Race, commonly known in Michigan as "the Soo-500", takes place annually in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. It is known across the country, and is also known to be the largest, longest single-day snowmobile race in the world.
Origin.
The idea for the I-500 came about in 1968. Several businessmen were discussing the Indianapolis 500, and the question rose of whether or not a snowmobile could run for . The idea became a plan for a race patterned off the Indianapolis 500 for snowmobiles.
A section of land was acquired from the city of Sault Ste. Marie on which to build the track. The site was originally an ammunitions dump for Fort Brady during World War II. It posed a problem for the newly created I-500 Committee, because three concrete ammunitions bunkers were still on the property. The help of the National Guard was enlisted, and two of the bunkers were destroyed (the third remains to this day). In less than six months, a crew composed entirely of volunteers had completed the track.
First race.
On February 8, 1969, the first I-500 was held with 47 qualifying drivers. At the time, there was no standard of rules for snowmobile races of this type, so the I-500 Committee adapted the rules of the Indianapolis 500. Volunteers counted the laps, as they would do for the next 28 years. Each rider was required to have at least three backup drivers, and they had to change places every 50 laps or less. The total prize money allotted for all places was $10,000. After 13 hours and 42 minutes of racing, Dan Planck won the first I-500 on a Ski-Doo. By the time Planck crossed the finish line, only 26 snowmobiles were still running. By the following year, news of the race had spread, and professional drivers began attending the I-500. It has since become one of the most important snowmobile racing events for manufacturers to showcase their machine's performance and durability.
The race today.
In the modern I-500, the race takes approximately eight hours to complete. The original time trial attempt limit (two per driver) has been abandoned. An entrant may attempt to qualify in the time trial as many times as he chooses. Since 1999 the laps have been counted by an electronic timing system. A wire is run under the racing surface at the start finish line and each of the snowmobiles has a transponder that triggers the wire's receiver and the racer's lap is counted. Drivers can now complete the race alone, although most teams choose to have two or more drivers, with a maximum of three. John Wicht III is the only driver to have reached and won, riding all 500 miles on his own, a feat he accomplished four times.
Each driver must provide a racing resume along with other requirements before being allowed to enter. Many drivers spend the time preceding the I-500 competing in similar but shorter distance races around the Midwest to prepare for the big race. Each racing team spends thousands of dollars for equipment and fuel. Top drivers may be factory supported in their efforts by some of the manufacturers i.e.; Ski-Doo, Yamaha, Polaris and Arctic Cat. Through the years the I-500 has gained a large following with a record crowds of near 20,000 people in the early 1970s. Snowmobiling as a sport and snowmobile racing reached a peak in the mid to late 1970s and the big race in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan was the place to be for those in the sport. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s sales of the four main manufacturers (Ski-Doo, Yamaha, Polaris, Arctic-Cat) continued, with most reaching their all time sales high in the mid-1990s. As sales grew so did the manufacturer's interest in finishing well at the I-500, and so the prize money they offered also increased to an all-time high. More recently the event draws between 8,000 and 10,000 people each year. The total purse (prize money) is now generally in excess of $40,000. The original track was made of snow, but now three tankers deposit approximately of water on the track over the course of three weeks to create a layer of ice twelve to eighteen inches thick.
In the news.
In 2004, a non-driver was killed during the I-500 for the first time. Alynn Burke, the girlfriend and guest of a pit crew member, was standing close to the track in a crew-only area with another pit crew member. A competing snowmobile broke, the driver was thrown off and the machine hit the snowbank, becoming airborne. The unmanned airborne machine hit a lightpole and then hit Burke, fatally injuring her. The mother of one of the drivers was also in the crew-only area and suffered a broken ankle, and a crew member suffered leg and internal injuries. Those three, in addition to another driver that had been previously injured on the track, forced Sault Ste. Marie's hospital, War Memorial, to activate its disaster drill. The hospital informed the race officials that its emergency room had or would soon reach capacity as ambulances had been previously dispatched to an unrelated automobile accident. The race was shut down at the 174th lap, and the leader at the time was declared the winner. The death sparked a controversy about the safety of the race; many people condemned the I-500 Committee for allowing the disaster to happen. In previous years there had been no fencing or barrier of any type on the inside of the back stretch where the crew and the crew's guests were allowed to stand. Since the incident that caused Burke's death, a snow barrier high and from the track's surface has been built each year. Now only two members of each team are allowed to stand atop this barrier and monitor their machine. Every year the race committee, race officials, and team members strive to make the race as safe and as competitive as possible.
In 2012 the financial gains the community of Sault Sainte Marie received during race week was estimated at $3.5 million.


List of 2020 motorsport champions

This list of 2020 motorsport champions is a list of national or international motorsport series with championships decided by the points or positions earned by a driver from multiple races where the season was completed during the 2020 calendar year.
The COVID-19 pandemic caused disruption to motorsport across the world during the year, resulting in mass changes across most championships, and some even being outright cancelled.