Big wave surfing

Big wave surfing is a discipline within surfing in which experienced surfers paddle into, or are towed into, waves which are at least 20 feet (6.2 m) high, on surf boards known as "guns" or towboards. Sizes of the board needed to successfully surf these waves vary by the size of the wave as well as the technique the surfer uses to reach the wave. A larger, longer board allows a rider to paddle fast enough to catch the wave and has the advantage of being more stable, but it also limits maneuverability and surfing speed.
In 1992, big wave surfers such as Laird Hamilton and Darrick Doerner introduced a cross over sport called tow-in surfing. While many riders still participate in both sports, they remain very distinct activities. This type of surfing involves being towed into massive waves by jet ski, allowing for the speed needed to successfully ride. Tow in surfing also revolutionized board size, allowing surfers to trade in their unwieldy 12 ft. boards in favor of light, 7 ft boards that allowed for more speed and easier maneuverability in waves over 30 ft. By the end of the 1990s, tow in surfing allowed surfers to ride waves exceeding 50 ft.
Hazards of big wave surfing.
In a big wave wipeout, a breaking wave can push surfers down 20 to 50 feet (6.2 m to 15.5 m) below the surface. Once they stop spinning around, they have to quickly regain their equilibrium and figure out which way is up. Surfers may have less than 20 seconds to get to the surface before the next wave hits them. Additionally, the water pressure at a depth of 20 to 50 feet can be strong enough to rupture one's eardrums. Strong currents and water action at those depths can also slam a surfer into a reef or the ocean floor, which can result in severe injuries or even death.
One of the greatest dangers is the risk of being held underwater by two or more consecutive waves. Surviving a triple hold-down is extremely difficult, and surfers must be prepared to cope with these situations.
A major issue argued between big-wave surfers is the necessity of the leash on the surfboard. In many instances, the leash can do more harm than good to a surfer, catching and holding them underwater and diminishing their opportunities to fight towards the surface. Other surfers, however, depend on the leash. Today, tow-in surfboards are equipped with foot holds (like those found on windsurfs) instead of leashes, in order to provide some security to the surfer without generating safety hazards whilst the surfer is underwater.
These hazards have killed several big-wave surfers. Some of the most notable are Mark Foo, who died surfing Mavericks on 23 December 1994; Donnie Solomon, who died exactly a year later at Waimea Bay; Todd Chesser, who died at Alligator Rock on the North Shore of Oahu on 14 February 1997; Peter Davi, who died at Ghost Trees on 4 December 2007; Sion Milosky, who died surfing Mavericks on 16 March 2011; and Kirk Passmore, who died at Alligator Rock on 12 November 2013.
Paddle-in surfing.
On 18 January 2010
Danilo Couto and Marcio Freire became the first to surf Jaws Peahi paddling, surfing the wave to the left side. They did not have jetski support and used only their shorts and their surfboards. They were the only ones to surf Jaws paddling until 4 January 2012, when it was surfed to the right side for the first time.
On 4 January 2012, Greg Long, Ian Walsh, Kohl Christensen, Jeff Rowley, Dave Wassel, Shane Dorian, Mark Healey, Carlos Burle, Nate Fletcher, Garrett McNamara, Kai Barger, North Shore locals and other of the best big-wave surfers in the world invaded the Hawaiian Islands for a historic day of surfing. Surfers had to catch and survive the wave at Jaws Peahi, on the north shore of Maui, without the use of a jet ski.
Jeff Rowley made Australian history by being the first Australian to paddle into a 50-foot plus (15-metre) wave at Jaws Peahi, Hawaii, achieving his 'Charge for Charity' mission set for 2011, to raise money for Breast Cancer Australia.
On 30–31 January 2012, Jeff Rowley and a number of international big wave surfers including Greg Long, Shaun Walsh and Albee Layer spent two days paddle-surfing Jaws, on the Hawaiian island of Maui, as part of their ongoing big-wave paddle-in program at the deep-water reef, further cementing the new frontier of paddle-in surfing at Jaws.
On 12 March 2012, Jeff Rowley paddled into Mavericks Left, California, and became the first Australian to accomplish this task. Mavericks is traditionally known as a right-hander wave and Rowley pushed the boundaries of what was possible at the Mavericks left-hander, a task that wasn't without its challenges, requiring a vertical drop into the wave.
On 30 March 2012, Jeff Rowley was a finalist in the Billabong XXL Big Wave Awards 2011/2012, in the Ride of the Year category with his rides at Jaws Peahi in Maui, Hawaii on 30 January 2012, placing 4th place in the world of elite big wave surfers.
Big Wave Surfing Contest.
The oldest and most prestigious big wave contest is The Eddie, named after Oahu north shore Hawai'ian lifeguard and surfer Eddie Aikau. The competition window is between 1 December and the last day of February annually.
Another big wave surfing contest hosted by Red Bull is held at Jaws Peahi, with invitation of 21 of the best big wave surfers in the world. The waiting period for the contest is from 7 December to 15 March. Some of the known invitees to the contest include Jeff Rowley, Albee Layer, Greg Long, Shane Dorian, Kai Lenny, Ian Walsh.
From 1999 to 2016, Mavericks was a premier big wave contest. The first year's results were first place, Darryl Virostko ("Flea"); second place, Richard Schmidt (surfer); third place, Ross Clarke-Jones; and fourth place, Peter Mel. This contest was last held in 2016, and has been indefinitely cancelled by the World Surf League.
Beginning in 2014–5, the World Surf League (WSL) has sanctioned the Big Wave World Tour (BWWT). On 28 February 2015, Makua Rothman became the first WSL BWWT Champion with 20,833 points outscoring the runner up, Gabriel Villaran of Peru, by almost 7,000 points.
On 11 November 2016, Paige Alms of Maui was crowned the first women's big wave surfing champion at Jaws on Maui during the Pe'ahi Women's Challenge which was part of the Women's Big Wave Tour #1 held 15 Oct – 11 November 2016, at Haiku, Hawaii. This was the first big wave surfing contest ever held for women. The results were in first place Paige Alms (Hawaii), second place Justine Dupont (France), third place Felicity Palmateer (Australia), and tied for fourth place Keala Kennelly (Hawaii), Emily Erickson (Hawaii), and Laura Enever (Australia).
Big Wave Surfing Awards.
Since 2005, the world's best big wave surfers gather in "Surf City" Huntington Beach, California for the annual World Surf League (WSL) Big Wave Awards hosted by surfer Strider Wastlewski. The gala ceremony is currently held at the Pasea Hotel and Spa and nominated surfers are awarded for their greatest rides of the past year and the big wave community is celebrated.
The event raises the bar every year with $350,000 in prize money allotted across seven categories:
The seven winners are given top honors and a "TAG Heuer" watch for another WSL big wave season.
WSL Big Wave Championship Tour champions.
WSL Big Wave Championship Tour champions


Henry Callahan

Henry Callahan (1957–1982) was a player and ambassador of Ultimate and helped bring the sport to the University of Oregon, formally establishing a team in 1978. In 1982, he was murdered during a robbery while working in Boulder, Colorado. Both the Callahan Award, given each year to the best male and female college Ultimate players and the Callahan Rules of Ultimate are named after him. The idea and the award were founded by Charles Kerr, a long-time coach.
There is also a move in Ultimate named after Callahan called a "Callahan". A "Callahan" is when a "defensive" player intercepts the disc in the opponent's end zone for a point. It is a rare occurrence, because it requires a defender to intercept, rather than simply block, a pass in the offense's own end zone. Under normal circumstances, the offense does not start a possession within their own end zone, so opportunities for a Callahan are limited to situations where the offense has been forced into their own end zone (either by a good pull or defensive pressure) or backward passes near the end zone. The move is so called because it was first legalized as a goal (rather than needing to be put into play from the goal line) in the Callahan version of the rules, which differed from the Ultimate Player Association's current rules at the time. The rules were subsequently changed in both the UPA (now USA Ultimate) and the World Flying Disc Federation to make a Callahan a legal goal under all rule sets used for Ultimate.
Henry Callahan was also a disc golf player and his family donated money to install a memorial disc golf course at Bevier Park in Waukegan, Illinois. Completed in 1992 and expanded in 2008, this course is located in Henry Callahan Memorial Park.


College National Finals Rodeo

The College National Finals Rodeo (CNFR) is held every June. Since 2001 the CNFR has been hosted in Casper, Wyoming at the Casper Events Center. Both men and women rodeo athletes compete for the honor of becoming national champions in their events.
There was no rodeo in 2020.
National Intercollegiate Rodeo Association
CNFR 2006
Men's All-Around - Final
As of June 17, 2006 9:55 PM MDT
Rank Num Name School Name Points
1. 360 Londo, Ben J. California Polytechnic State University - San Luis Obispo 220.0
2. 288 Lee, Flint D. University of Nevada-Las Vegas 200.0
3. 068 Hall, Jared R. University of Arkansas-Monticello 175.0
4. 208 Garwood, Miles W. National American University 155.0
5. 321 Wade, Jake University of Nevada-Las Vegas 145.0
6. 209 Guy, Nick J. National American University 120.0
7. 039 McDaniel, Justin O. Vernon College 120.0
CNFR 2006
Women's All-Around - Final
As of June 17, 2006 9:55 PM MDT
Rank Num Name School Name Points
1. 048 Eppert, Kirby S. Tarleton State University 250.0
2. 370 Ferguson, Jaclyn K. Walla Walla Community College 170.0
3. 008 Dobson, Courtney J. Weber State University 145.0
CNFR 2006 Reserve and Grand Champions
Saddle Bronc
1. Monroe, Jarrett L. UMTW
2. Atchison, Stephen (Ty) UTNM
Bareback Riding
1. Schlegal, Jerad D. VERNON
2. Gunderson, Joseph R. SDSU
Bull Riding
1. Craig, Jarrod M. HILL
2. Murphy, Bandy A. SWOKSU
Calf Roping
1.Prichard, Matthew S. WHARTN
2.Currey, Casey C. MTSU
Steer Wrestling
1. Cobb, Zachery T. WTXAMU
2. Shofner, Benjamin C. Yes MCNSU
Team Roping
1.Garza, Matt T. NMSU
1.Means, Chance (Meansy) H. CAZC
2. 233 Hawley, Edward C. MTSU
2. 238 Sporer, Sid J. NWC
Barrel Racing
1. Kochie, Adriane M. UWIPV
2. Sandoval, Alicia D. NMJC
Breakaway Roping
1.Painter, Jessica (Jess) J. NAU
2.Gardner, Raelyn M. ENMU
Goat Tying
1. Nelson, Kayla J. UWY
2. Eppert, Kirby S. TARLET


Jadwin Gymnasium

The L. Stockwell Jadwin Gymnasium is a 6,854-seat multi-purpose arena at Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey. The arena opened in 1969. It is home to the Princeton Tigers college basketball teams. It replaced Dillon Gymnasium, the home of Princeton volleyball and wrestling, as the fifth main basketball arena on campus.
In 1965, the mother of Leander Stockwell Jadwin, class of 1928, gave a gift of $27 million to the university in his name. He had been the captain of the track team and had died just months after graduation in an automobile accident. The school decided to use $6.5 million towards the building of the gymnasium, which had just barely been started.
The gymnasium has of floor space on five levels for multiple sports. It is notable for its unique roof consisting of three interlocking shells. The seating is highly asymmetrical, with the equivalent of middle-school-gymnasium bleachers on three sides and a major-college indoor arena concrete grandstand on the fourth side, holding the majority of the seats. Behind the opposite bleachers lies the void of the indoor track, which itself sits atop an indoor baseball field and three additional levels underneath. This creates challenges for generating noise and atmosphere even when the stands are full compared to other gyms in the Ivy League, which are mostly smaller and more traditional in their layout. The television cameras also are mounted on the large grandstand side, which makes Jadwin seem much smaller on television. Nonetheless, Princeton has a very strong historical record for home games.
Many of the highest attended events in Jadwin were College and High School Wrestling Tournaments, The 1975 NCAA Wrestling tournament drew a total of 45,00 (then the record) for six sessions, with 9.600 attending the finals (not a record), six years Later Princeton brought in more temporary seating and averaged at least 1,000 more per session. For many years Jadwin Gymnasium was the site of the New Jersey State High School wrestling tournament, with many sessions of 8,000 to 10,000 fans.
Jadwin Gymnasium hosted games of the first round of the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament twice, in 1970 and 1972. It was the site of the ECAC Metro Region Tournament organized by the Eastern College Athletic Conference (ECAC) in 1976.
The Jadwin Jungle is the official student cheering section and basketball booster group in Jadwin Gymnasium for the Princeton Tigers basketball teams, located in the bleachers closest to the court behind the scorers' tables. The cheering section was founded in 2003 by three Princeton undergraduates and quickly grew to be the largest student group on campus.


Elfstedentocht

The Elfstedentocht (; West Frisian: "Alvestêdetocht" , English: "Eleven cities tour") is a long-distance tour skating event on natural ice, almost long, which is held both as a speed skating competition (with 300 contestants) and a leisure tour (with 16,000 skaters). It is held in the province of Friesland in the north of the Netherlands, leading past all eleven historical cities of the province. The tour is held at most once a year, only when the natural ice along the entire course is at least thick; sometimes on consecutive years, other times with gaps that may exceed 20 years. When the ice is suitable, the tour is announced and starts within 48 hours.
Course and rules.
The tour, almost 200 km in length, follows a closed or circular route along frozen canals, rivers and lakes visiting the eleven historic Frisian cities: Leeuwarden, Sneek, IJlst, Sloten, Stavoren, Hindeloopen, Workum, Bolsward, Harlingen, Franeker, Dokkum, then returning to Leeuwarden. The tour is held only if the ice is, and remains, at least 15 centimetres thick along the entire course as about 15,000 amateur skaters will take part, putting high requirements on the quality of the ice. The last tours were held in 1985, 1986 and 1997. All skaters must be members of the Association of the Eleven Frisian Towns. A starting permit and bib is required (€100 in 2017). Skaters must collect a stamp in each city, and at three secret check points, and must finish the course before midnight.
There are often points along the route where the ice is too thin to allow mass skating; they are called "kluning points" (from West Frisian klúnje meaning to run on skates over a carpet), and the skaters walk on their skates to the next stretch of good ice. In 1997 ice-transplantation was re-introduced to strengthen weak places in the ice, for instance under bridges.
The finishing point of the "Elfstedentocht" is a canal near Leeuwarden, called the "Bonkevaart", close to the landmark windmill, "De Bullemolen", Lekkum.
Planning and publicity.
Since the "Elfstedentocht" is such a rare event, its declaration creates excitement all over the country. In the build-up to a possible race in 2012, Mark Rutte, the Dutch Prime Minister remarked "once every fifteen years our country is not governed from The Hague but by twenty-two district heads in Friesland. And our country is in good hands." As soon as a few days pass with sub-zero temperatures, the media start speculating about the chances for an "Elfstedentocht". The longer the freezing temperatures stay, the more intense this "Elfstedenkoorts" (eleven cities fever) gets, culminating in a national near-frenzy when it is announced that the tour will actually be held. The day before the tour many Dutch flock to Leeuwarden to enjoy the party atmosphere that surrounds the event; that evening, called the "Nacht van Leeuwarden" (Night of Leeuwarden), becomes a giant street party (Frisians, who have a reputation for surliness, are said to thaw when it freezes).
On the day of the tour many Dutch either stay at home to watch it on television (9.2 million viewers by one estimate), or find a place along the route to cheer the skaters on, either taking the day off or calling in sick for work. In February 2012, Friesland hotels were fully booked and expecting between 1.5 and 2 million visitors in anticipation of a tour before it was announced, as the weather seemed suitable.
History.
There has been mention of skaters visiting all eleven cities of Friesland on one day since 1760. The "Elfstedentocht" was already part of Frisian tradition when, in 1890, Pim Mulier conceived the idea of an organised tour, which was first held in 1909 when 22 men competed. After this race, the (nl) (Association of the Eleven Frisian Towns) was established to organise the tours.
In the 1912 edition Jikke Gaastra was the first woman ever who finished the Elfstedentocht, but couldn't complete the full tour because the ice wasn't good enough after Sneek. In the 1917 edition Janna van der Weg was the first woman who finished the tour.
The winters of 1939/40, 1940/41 and 1941/42 were particularly severe, with the race being run in each of them. The 1940 race, run three months prior to the German invasion of the Netherlands, saw over 3,000 competitors start at 05:00 on 30 January, with the first five finishing at 16:34. The event dominated the front pages of Dutch newspapers.
The Elfstedentocht of 1963 became known as "The hell of '63" when only 69 of the 10,000 participants were able to finish the race, due to the extremely low temperatures of -18 °C, powder snow and a harsh eastern wind. Conditions were so horrendous that the 1963 winner, Reinier Paping, became a national hero, and the tour itself legendary. Paping could not make out the finishing line as he was snow blind by the end of the race, and many of the contestants had frostbite, broken limbs, and damaged eyes.
The next Elfstedentocht after 1963 was held in 1985; times had changed. Before, one of the best methods to stay warm during the tour was to wear newspapers underneath the clothes. In the 20 years between the tours of 1963 and 1985, clothing, training methods and skates became much more advanced, changing the nature of skating.
The tour of 1985 was terminated prematurely because of thawing; as early as 22:00 in the evening skaters were taken off the ice. In 1986 the current Dutch King (at the time still Crown Prince) Willem-Alexander completed the "Elfstedentocht" under the name "W.A. van Buren", "Van Buren" being a traditional pseudonym of the Royal House. In 1997 Piet Kleine, who had previously won a gold medal at the Olympics for speed skating was disqualified because he missed getting a stamp at Hindeloopen despite video evidence that he had been there.
Elfstedentocht 2012 - the race that did not happen.
The ten-day cold spell in late January and early February 2012, the 33rd such occurrence since 1901 when temperatures as low as -22.9 °C were recorded in Lelystad, heightened the expectation of a 2012 Elfstedentocht – the expected day of the event, had it taken place, was Saturday 11 February.
On 2 February 2012, it was reported that 95% of various locks that controlled the water flow in the canals had been adjusted to maximise the ice thickness. On the same day, the Dutch meteorological institute forecast that temperatures would not rise above freezing until Wednesday 8 February at the earliest and that the thickness of the ice would be 15 cm from Tuesday 7 February until Saturday 11 February. On 3 February, the Dutch meteorological institute forecast a probable ice-thickness of 20 cm on Saturday 11 February and on 5 February they forecast an ice thickness approaching 25 cm.
On 6 February it was announced that the committee had met the previous evening for the first time in fifteen years. Although there were areas where the ice was not thick enough for the race to be held, the forecast for continuing freezing weather meant that they were optimistic that the race would be held. A press conference was held at 09:30 CET and the committee was due to meet again on 8 February. At the press conference, it was stated that in north Friesland the ice conditions were suitable to hold the race. In south west Friesland, the conditions were not so good, Stavoren being a particular problem where the ice was only 2 cm thick in places.
On 6 February a prohibition order on navigation on many of the canals in Friesland was extended in order to facilitate the growth of the ice. The following day the Dutch meteorological institute forecast that the cold spell would break on Sunday 12 February or Monday 13 February with the temperature rising above freezing point.
Late afternoon on the 8 February Wiebe Wieling, chairman of the organising committee, said that the race was off – the committee had to be realistic – safety issues had made the race impossible. A ten-day cold spell was insufficient for the event; the 1997 event had taken place at the end of a 12-day cold spell.
Winners.
The time taken for the winner to complete the course is given in hours and minutes. Although temperatures were sometimes above freezing on the day of the tour, all tours were preceded by many days of sub-zero temperatures.
Women were first allowed to take part in the tour proper in 1985; before then they had to skate with the amateurs and no award was given. The women to cross the finish line first were:
The eleven cities.
The course can vary slightly from race to race, depending on the quality of the ice. The cumulative distance at each checkpoint in 1997 was:
Alternative Elfstedentocht.
An "alternative Elfstedentocht" has been held every year in January since 1989 on the Weissensee in Carinthia, Austria.
The lake is 12 km long and around 3000 speed skaters do either the 50, 100 or 200 km course at what is likely to be the world's largest ice sport event.
The Dutch Speed Skating Championship is part of the event and the fastest competitors do the 200 kilometer course in just over five hours.
Fietselfstedentocht (Eleven towns by bicycle).
The eleven towns cycle race was first held in 1912 and developed in parallel with its skating counterpart, but unlike the skating race, has taken place on almost every year - apart from the 2001 event which was cancelled due to foot and mouth disease, it has taken place on Whit Monday every year since 1947. The event has become immensely popular and as a safety precaution it ceased to be a race but has become a tour with a maximum average speed of 25 km/h between checkpoints.
The tour, which starts and ends in Bolsward rather than Leeuwarden, is currently limited to 15,000 entrants. Between 05:00 and 08:00, entrants leave Bolsward every eight minutes in batches of about 600 and those who complete the 240 km course before midnight receive medals.
In 2013 the organisers banned Velomobiles from the event by limiting the event to two-wheeled vehicles propelled by human power.
Zwemelfstedentocht.
On March 27, 2019 Maarten van der Weijden, a Dutch long distance swimmer, announced that on June 21, 2019 he would start a second attempt to swim the whole eleven-city tour. His first attempt in August 2018 was halted due to poor swimming conditions and illness due to E. Coli. His second attempt turned out to be successful. Van der Weijden arrived at the finish in Leeuwarden on June 24, 2019. So far in this attempt he raised a total of € 3,910,763.11 for cancer charities.


Rachel Shelina Israel

Rachel Shelly Israel (or Sheli/Shelina, ; born ) is a Brazilian-born Israeli football defender currently playing for Israeli First League for ASA Tel Aviv University, with which she has also played in the Champions League. She is a member of the Israeli national team, where she made her debut in the 2007 World Cup qualifying against Estonia.
Club career.
Israel was born in Brazil and was adopted by an Israeli couple at an early age. She grew up in Netanya and played for Maccabi Netanya until the club had folded and Israel moved to play for ASA Tel Aviv University, where she played ever since.
Israel won 5 championships and 3 cups with ASA Tel Aviv, and represented the club in the Champions League in each edition since 2010–11, scoring four goals for the club.
Management career.
In 2011 Israel started coaching a football team, Bnot Caesarea, which she also partly owned. In 2013, following a dispute with the team's co-owner, Ran Ben Basat, Israel quit the club and started Bnot Netanya. Since 2013 Israel also serves as coach of ASA Tel Aviv University U-16 team.
International career.
Israel made her international debut for Israel women's national football team in 2005 against Estonia and so far had played a total of 32 matches for the national team, scoring four goals. Israel also played for the U-19 national team, making a total of 14 appearances and scoring two goals, between 2001 and 2004.


Anastasia Gloushkov

Anastasia Gloushkov (, ; born May 24, 1985) is an Israeli Olympic synchronized swimmer.
Biography.
Gloushkov is Jewish, and was born in Moscow, Soviet Union. Her parents were both accomplished swimmers, and when she was six the family moved to Greece, where her parents taught swimming. Three years later, they moved to Jerusalem.
Her mother, Tatiana Tsym, coaches the Israeli synchronized swimming team, which trains in Jerusalem. Gloushkov and her fiancé live in the Jerusalem suburb of Moshav Shoresh, and she is studying for a bachelor's degree in social sciences and human resources at Achva College of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.
Synchronized swimming career.
She won a bronze medal in synchronized swimming at the 1996 Belgium Open, and was fourth at the 1998 Youth Olympic Games. At the 2000 Mediterranean Games in Jerusalem, at the age of 15 she won gold medals in both the singles and the duet events. In 2003, she won a bronze medal at the European Youth Championship.
At the 2004 European Championships, she finished 10th in singles and she and her partner Inna Yoffe finished 9th in duet. Gloushkov competed on behalf of Israel at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, in the synchronized swimming duet, in which she came in 17th at the age of 19, along with Yoffe.
Gloushkov competed on behalf of Israel at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China, in the synchronized swimming duet, in which she and Yoffe came in 15th. At the 2010 European Championships in Budapest, Hungary, she was 4th in the solo event, and 7th in the duet.
She and Yoffe placed 14th in the synchronized swimming technical duets competition in the 2011 FINA World Aquatics Championships in Shanghai, China. Gloushkov also finished 10th in the technical solo competition. The pair qualified to represent Israel at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, finishing in 17th place.


Shugijutsu

Shugijutsu (Tanbojutsu) is a Japanese martial art which uses short sticks. It is a part of jōdō. The techniques were used by farmers in Kai Province (today Yamanashi Prefecture), the land of the Takeda clan, when they had to fight against thieves and bandits. They picked up any stick available and defended themselves. Very efficient locks for throwing the opponent to the ground, strikes and blocks also comprise this martial art.
It is thought that the actual shugi was developed to imitate the shape of the tantō scabbard which was used in close combat.
In Takeda Ryu Nakamura Ha Sobudo, shugijutsu uses at least two short sticks with an oval section. The special geometry of the sticks increase the pain during locks and blocks. On some occasions, sticks can be used as throwing weapons.
The martial art practiced by the Athosians in the science-fiction program "" is based on this discipline.


Autodrome Chaika

Chaika Automotive Sport Complex (), also known as Autodrome Chaika (), is a motorsport racetrack in Ukraine, situated in Chaiky village, near the capital city Kyiv. The circuit was built in 1975., when the country was a part of Soviet Union, since the foundation of Fédération Automobile de l'Ukraine (FAU) in 1993, it hosts various regional racing series, such as Ukrainian Touring Championship and Superbike Ukraine.
History.
Soviet era.
The development of the circuit began in 60's by Soviet DOSAAF, a society for cooperation with army, aviation and navy, which also built an airport next to the track, carrying the same name. The configuration was based on various similar autodromes of that time, the project was finished in 1971. The construction began in 1973, and when it was finished, it became the best circuit in USSR.
Chaika was very popular due to very fast sectors of the 'big ring' and corners 2-4, that were known as so-called 'ears'. The track was pretty difficult and dangerous, there was no runoffs, very close Armco barriers, poor quality asphalt and bad landscaping.
June 27, 1975 circuit saw its first touring races, after that the dirt speedway was added to complex as a second construction phase. Later that year the circuit began to host the USSR Circuit Racing Championship, that included formula racing.
Next year the circuit hosted its first international series, called Socialist Nations Friendship Cup, becoming the traditional season opener. After Polish driver Christian Grochowski's fatal crash it was decided being unsafe and the series moved to Biķernieki Complex Sports Base in Riga.
Without the famous championship racing organization quality fell, there were a rare races with usually small amount of spectators. There were several attempts to change the bad asphalt, but they've made the situation even worse. In 1989 it was planned to invite an Austrian company to hold a reconstruction of the complex to raise the level of the track and to attract more tourists, but that never happened.
Independent Ukraine.
After the dissolution of the USSR, the Defense Assistance Society of Ukraine became the circuit's owner. They've had no money to take a good care of it and began to sell all the equipment to private owners. In 1994 the track begin to host the Ukrainian Circuit Racing Championship. The safety standarts of the track were very low and the asphalt state kept getting worse, so after 1998 the circuit was excluded from calendar.
In 2001 Ukrainian Karting Federation reconstructed the karting circuit and it began to host races. The main circuit remained unused.
The head of the circuit was a Ukrainian racer Leonid Protasov. After the championship faced troubles due to bad economical state of the country and a lack of circuits, he got an agreement with Sergiy Malyk, the head of Kyivan Automotive and Motorcycle Club to host a full season on Chaika in 2004, but the track needed a reconstruction, so it was started immediately, but it took so much time, that the works passed deadline and whole season was cancelled.
Racing on Chaika was renewed in 2005, now it was a smaller ring, yet with a poor asphalt quality, and now without the pitlane, but now it had a bleachers for spectators, cafe and hotel. Later, the new pitlane was built alongside the new final corner with an entrance to it, it made an already hard track even more tricky.


Brendan Connor

Brendan Connor is a Canadian journalist with a wide range of broadcasting experience, including recently working for Al Jazeera English TV, based out of Washington, DC, and Doha, Qatar. He is currently a news anchor and producer at CTV Northern Ontario in Sudbury, Ontario, where he was born and raised. His father, Michael Connor, was a longtime TV news anchor for the same station.
Connor attended Queen's University, where he became involved with broadcasting at CKLC radio, a local Kingston station. He is a veteran broadcaster with over 25 years of experience including roles in sports and news with Canada's CBC Television, CBC Newsworld, CBC Radio CTV, and TSN. He has an extensive and varied career, that includes coverage of eight Olympics for TV, radio and web outlets. He has also written two books, produced a documentary on ski-racing and taught a graduate program in broadcast journalism at Sheridan College, outside Toronto.
The major sports events Connor has covered include: The 2010 Winter Olympic Winter Games in Vancouver and the 2008 Beijing Olympic Summer Games (for the IOC's Olympic News Channel) the 2004 Olympics in Athens (CBC Newsworld), the 2000 Sydney Olympics (CBC.ca), 1988 Olympics in Seoul (CBC Radio), the 1990 New Zealand Commonwealth Games, the Stanley Cup Finals, the World Series, the Super Bowl, the NBA Finals, etc..
For Al Jazeera English, he has profiled two-time NBA MVP Steve Nash as well as reporting on American football, ice hockey, curling, the U-S Open Tennis Championship, the 2007 Cricket World Cup, the 2007 America's Cup yacht racing, the 2007 Pan American Games in Brazil, the 2007 World Anti-Doping Conference in Madrid and the humanitarian sports group Right to Play. In 2008, he did stories on Turkish NBA star, Hedo Türkoğlu, covered the Davis Cup Tennis Finals in Argentina, reported from the Super Bowl in Phoenix, profiled Indy Racing and driver Danica Patrick, South Korean golfers on the LPGA Tour, and produced a series of pre-Olympic stories on athletes and teams headed to Beijing.


World Junior Alpine Skiing Championships

The FIS Alpine World Ski Championships are international competitions in Alpine skiing. They are organized by the International Ski Federation (FIS).


List of figure skating competitions

Many international and national figure skating competitions are organized yearly. The three levels of ISU international competition are senior, junior, and advanced novice. Non-elite skaters may also compete in 'Adult' competitions. 'Professional' competitions were contested mainly by former elite skaters or sometimes a mix of eligible and ineligible skaters if sanctioned by the ISU.


Onde 2000

Onde 2000 is a motorcycle racing team previously masa competing in the 125 cc road racing Grand Prix world championship. The team withdrew from MotoGP after 8 races in the 2009 season due to financial difficulties.
In 2009, the team competed in 6 races under the name Grupo Francisco Hernando Ducati Team and using a Ducati Desmosedici motorcycle.
History.
2008.
The team was officially launched early in 2008, running two bikes in the 125 cc Grand Prix category. The team entered two KTM motorcycles, ridden by Pablo Nieto and Raffaele de Rosa.
2009.
Onde 2000 stepped up to the MotoGP class in 2009 with the Spanish rider Sete Gibernau riding a Ducati Desmosedici. however financial problems restricted them to 6 rounds ending with the US GP with a best result of 11th at the Spanish Grand Prix.


Johnny Brown (English boxer)

Philip Hickman (18 July 1902 – 1 July 1976), who fought under the name Johnny Brown, was an English Jewish bantamweight boxer of the 1920s, though he fought some as a feather and lightweight. Born in Spitalfields, London he won the National Sporting Club (NSC) (subsequently known as the British Boxing Board of Control (BBBofC)) British bantamweight title, British Empire bantamweight title, and European Boxing Union (EBU) bantamweight title. His professional fighting weight varied from , i.e. flyweight to , i.e. featherweight., though the majority of his important fights were fought as a bantam.
Early life and career.
Brown was born on 18 July 1902, in St. Georges, East London, England. He was the older brother of the boxer, Young Johnny Brown , an English featherweight contender who fought in both American and England. In 1921, Brown traveled to the United States, and fought eighteen bouts that by 1922, were against the world's top bantamweights. During the mid-1920s, Brown was consistently rated among the top ten bantamweights in the world.
In an important early contest, Brown lost to Kid Davis on 26 May 1921 in the last round of a bantamweight belt competition at the Ring on Blackfriars Road in Southwork, England. Brown had had victories in contests leading to this final bout, in the previous month, and his performance in the competition marked him as a top young English bantamweight competitor, of enough skill to draw crowds in America.
Early career boxing in New England and Canada, 1921-3.
Brown lost to New York's Frankie Jerome in a ten round points decision at Dykman Oval in Manhattan, on 27 September 1921. Jerome would fight many of the best boxers of his era, and the boxing reporters took note that Brown was a quality competitor yet to make his mark.
In a substitution on 20 November 1921, Johnny Brown lost to Joe Burman in an eight round newspaper decision at the Olympia Club in Philadelphia. Burman was the aggressor in nearly every round, and Brown held in the clinches, except for the eighth when he tried to open up, but it would be too late to gain the decision of the local newspapers. The boxing was slow through most of the rounds, and Brown lost the newspaper decision largely because he fought on the defensive throughout the bout.
Brown lost to New York East Side boxer Charlie Beecher on 31 January 1922 in a twelve round points decision that served as the feature attraction of New York's Pioneer Athletic Club. The "New York Times" wrote that Brown fought as a willing and clever boxer with a strong punch, and "forced Beecher to extend himself to win". Brown left the ring unmarked. Beecher won the bout by establishing a points margin over his opponent with the effective use of both hands at long range and a consistent attack to the body at close quarters. In a close bout, a draw may have been the more popular decision. Beecher breezed into the lead in the tenth with blows delivered in clinches that were unpopular with the fans.
Brown defeated Tommy Murray on 16 October 1922 in an eight round newspaper decision at the Olympia Athletic Club in Philadelphia. Murray would face quality boxers in his career including Pete Zivic, Bud Taylor, and Benny Bass, but he had only been boxing three years when he met Brown.
On 28 March 1923, Brown lost to future British featherweight champion, Leo "Kid" Roy at the St. Denis Theatre, in a ten round unanimous decision in Montreal, Canada. Roy was given little or no chance of winning from Brown, the future British bantamweight champion. Roy fought more cautiously against Brown, saving himself for the later parts of the match. He took the offensive in most of the bout, gaining points and confidence. Once gaining a knowledge of Brown's style of attack and defence, Roy went on the offensive in later rounds and built up a points margin. From the second round on, most of the boxing was toe to toe, in a fierce and entertaining spectacle. Roy landed more blows in the seventh through tenth, taking the offensive, and winning the points scoring, and though the bout remained somewhat close, the decision was popular with the crowd.
Taking the British, European, and Empire bantamweight titles, November, 1923.
At the National Sporting Club in London, on 26 November 1923, Brown took the European, British and Commonwealth (Empire) bantamweight titles with a twenty round decision over "Bugler" Harry Lake. Lake had held the European title since 30 July when he defeated French boxer Charles LeDoux. Though Brown took the first round, Lake forged ahead in points around the tenth. Lake floored Brown near the end of the fourteenth, and later shook him with a left and right. Brown attacked fiercely in the last four rounds, however, and managed to win by a narrow points margin, taking the Lonsdale Belt.
In his first defence, Brown defended his titles against Harry Corbett on 23 February 1925, winning in a sixteenth round knockout at the National Sporting Club at London's Covent Gardens. Hill was badly beaten, particularly in the last three rounds, when he was repeatedly knocked down with hard blows to the jaw. In the sixteenth, Brown's seconds tossed in the towel, when they saw he was hopelessly beaten.
Brown defeated Frenchman André Routis, 1928 World Featherweight Champion, on 30 April 1925, in a fifth round disqualification at Royal Albert Hall in Kensington. Routis had taken the French Bantamweight title in 1924, and still held it at the time of the bout. Routis would take the Featherweight Championship of the World in 1928.
Brown defeated 1927 British featherweight champion, Johnny Cuthbert on 6 September 1925 in an eighth round disqualification at Premierland, White Chapel.
On 19 October 1925, Brown defended all three titles against Mick Hill at the National Sporting Club in Covent Garden, winning in an important twelfth round knockout. Brown started off at a tremendous pace, scoring with both hands, but in the fourth round, Hill landed a smashing blow to the stomach, and upper cuts to the chin and in the fifth, a right uppercut to the face. The fifth through ninth were fairly even, but Hill briefly dropped Brown to the canvas with a left uppercut in the eleventh. In the twelfth, turning the tide, Brown dropped hill for a count of eight. When Brown arose, he was an easy mark for Brown who put him down for the count with a right smash to the jaw. Brown was initially a half pound overweight, and had to briefly exercise to lose the weight.
Tough bouts with top opponents in America and Canada, 1926.
Brown lost to Carl Tremaine, a former holder of the Canadian world featherweight title, on 5 February 1926 in a ten round points decision at the Coliseum in Toronto, Canada. The match was one sided throughout, with Brown taking a count of nine, seven times during the fighting. Brown escaped being knocked out due to his excellent conditioning.
Brown lost to future NBA world bantamweight champion Bud Taylor, on 9 March 1926, at the Arena in Vernon, California, in a ten round points decision. In a one-sided bout, Taylor pounded Brown at will, and several times had him on the verge of a knockout. One source noted that Taylor may have broken his left hand in the third round.
On 14 May 1926, Brown lost to superb black American boxer Chick Suggs, in a fifth round technical knockout at New York's Madison Square Garden. The bout was one sided throughout, with Suggs doing as he pleased, and though Brown withstood the punishment, the referee humanely stopped the bout 2:23 into the fifth round. Suggs scored no knockdowns but outboxed Brown throughout the match, cutting him around the mouth and nose.
Brown lost decisively on 11 June 1926 to Jackie Johnston, Canadian bantamweight champion, in a ten round points decision at Maple Leaf Stadium in Toronto, Canada. Johnston dropped Brown briefly in the fourth for a no count.
Brown lost to 1932 World Junior Welterweight contender, Sammy Fuller in a first round technical knockout before an estimated crowd of 15,000 at Braves Field in Boston on 16 November 1926. The first telling blow was a left hook to the jaw that put Brown down for a count of nine, and upon arising, another blow by Fuller put him down for a count of eight. Brown was put down again with a right to the temple and was reeling around the ring before the referee made the right decision and called the bout 1:30 into the first round.
In his last bout in the United States on 11 October 1926, Brown lost to Tommy Ryan, 1924 contender for the World Bantamweight Title against Abe Goldstein, in an eighth round technical knockout at Broadway Auditorium in Buffalo, New York.
Late career bouts in England with top British bantam and featherweight contenders Nel Tarleton and Len Fowler.
In an important victory, Brown defeated, 1940 BBofC British and Empire Featherweight Champion, on 8 September 1927 in a fifteen round points decision at Premierland, White Chapel, England.
On 21 September 1927, Brown decisively defeated Len Fowler, 1925 top-rated British bantamweight contender, in a fourth round knockout at Premierland, White Chapel, near London.
Losing the British, European, and Empire bantamweight titles, August, 1928.
In the last bout of his career on 29 August 1928, Brown lost all three of his British titles to former British bantamweight champion Teddy Baldock in a second round technical knockout at London's Clapton Orient football ground. Before 50,000 spectators, Baldock attacked immediately at the first bell, with straight lefts to the head and then a hard right, sending Brown to the canvas twice in the first. Brown was so badly punished in the second that his handlers threw in the towel. Brown retired from boxing after the bout.
He died on 1 July 1976, aged 73.


Brittany Gibson

Brittany Gibson (born 18 April 1992) is an Australian rules footballer playing for the North Melbourne Football Club in the AFL Women's. She previously played with in 2017 and 2018.
Early life.
Gibson was born in 1992 in Tasmania. She was playing for Burnie Dockers when she was drafted.
AFLW career.
Gibson was recruited by with the number 141 pick in the 2016 AFL Women's draft. She made her debut in the Lions' inaugural game against at Casey Fields on 5 February 2017.
In May 2018, Gibson signed with expansion club, North Melbourne, to play with the club in the 2019 AFLW season.
Personal life.
Gibson lives with her wife Jaime and their son Henry.


Basketball Bundesliga

The Basketball Bundesliga (BBL) (English language: "Federal Basketball League"), for sponsorship reasons named easyCredit BBL, is the highest level league of professional club basketball in Germany. The league comprises 18 teams. A BBL season is split into a league stage and a playoff stage. At the end of the league stage, the top eight teams qualify for the playoff stage, and the teams positioned in the 17th and 18th places are relegated to a lower-tier league. The playoffs are played in a "Best of five" format. The winning team of the final round are crowned the German Champions of that season.
In addition to the league competition, all BBL teams compete for the German Cup (BBL-Cup). Teams playing in the second league (ProA or ProB), or in a lower level Regionalliga, are also eligible to participate in the German Cup. There are always 3 knock-out rounds that are played for the BBL-Cup. If more teams from the leagues below the BBL level apply for participation, then available places, and additional qualification rounds are added for them. The final four remaining teams determine the rankings for bronze, silver, and gold medals, in knock-out matches that are termed the BBL-TOP4. The gold winning team is the German Cup winner.
The Basketball Bundesliga is run by the Basketball Bundesliga GmbH. 74% of BBL GmbH is owned by the AG BBL e.V. (which is composed of the clubs), and 26% by the German Basketball Federation (DBB).
History.
In Germany, a national domestic basketball championship was first organised in 1939, and it was won by "LSV Spandau". By 1944, almost all basketball activity in the country was forced to an end, due to the Second World War. In 1947, "MTSV Schwabing München" became the first champion of post-war divided Germany.
The creation of a split West German federal-league, consisting of one northern division and one southern division, each comprising 10 teams, was decided on by the German Basketball Federation (DBB) in 1964. On October 1, 1966, the first season of the so-called Basketball Bundesliga started. Starting with the 1971–72 season, the size of each division was reduced to 8 teams.
With the 1975–76 season, the league structure was changed into a ten team first league (1. Basketball Bundesliga), and a 20 team second league (2. Basketball Bundesliga). Only the second league was split into a northern and a southern division, of 10 teams each. In 1985, the top league was enlarged to a size of 12 teams, and two years later, each division of the second league was also enlarged to 12 teams.
In 1988, the championship mode "Best of five" was applied for the first time. Starting with the 1995–96 season, the first league consisted of 14 teams. The Basketball Bundesliga GmbH (BBL) was founded in October 1996.
The federal leagues received their own administration within the framework of the German Basketball Federation in 1997. Since then, the second league divisions have been administered by the "AG 2. Bundesliga", while the BBL has been responsible for the first league. Two years later, a contract was signed between the BBL and the German Basketball Federation, in which the federation transferred its marketing/events rights to the BBL, for a 10-year duration, and in return, the BBL agreed to pay an annual "amateur support fee" of DM 600,000 (€ 306,775).
Starting with the 2003–04 season, the top league was increased to 16 teams, and in 2006–07, it was further increased to its present size of 18 teams. For the following 2007–08 season, the structure of the second league was reshaped from its northern/southern divisions, into a ProA division, and a ProB division. These divisions remained under the administration by "AG 2. Bundesliga".
Between 1994 and 2001, the highest level German basketball league was called "Veltins Basketball Bundesliga", and from 2001, until 2003, the league was known as "s.Oliver Basketball Bundesliga". Bayer Giants Leverkusen hold the league titles won record, being the winner of 14 German Basketball Championships. However, since 1997, Alba Berlin has dominated the league, winning their 8th title in 2008. Twenty-one teams have won the championship, since its inception.
Since 2009, Brose Bamberg dominated the competition and won the title in four straight seasons (2009-2013). In 2012, Bayern Munich, the basketball team of the same-named football club, entered the league. Bayern became one of the wealthiest team in German basketball and won the championship in 2014.
Sponsorship.
In 2016, the BBL joined forces with Tipbet, a Malta-based betting company. This made Tipbet the Official Betting and Premium Sponsor of the league; the sponsorship agreement results in advertising activities throughout the arenas and online, and runs until 2018.
Arena rules.
Currently, all Bundesliga clubs must play in arenas that seat at least 3,000 people.
Clubs.
Members of the 2020–21 Basketball Bundesliga.


Asia Kabaddi Cup (Circle style)

The circle style Asia Kabaddi Cup, is a regional kabaddi competition administrated by the Pakistan Kabaddi Federation contested by national teams within the continent of Asia. The competition has been contested in 2011, 2012 Asia Kabaddi Cup and 2016 Asia Kabaddi Cup.
The current format of the competition involves a round robin.


Freestyle to Music

Freestyle to Music, sometimes known as Musical Kur or simply kur (from German "kür", "freestyle") is a form of dressage competition where the horses paces are set to music to create a competitive "dance". Movements and figures are choreographed to meet the technical requirements of the particular level with carefully chosen music that highlights the horse/rider combination. Musical Freestyles are entertaining and offer great audience appeal. International level competition comprises Prix St. Georges for Young Riders, Intermediate I and Grand Prix through the Fédération Équestre Internationale (FEI).
In October 1980, GB Olympic Rider Jennie Loriston-Clarke and Musician and Grand Prix Rider Gaynor Colbourn did the very first Demonstration of Dressage to Music. Olympic horses Dutch Courage and Dutch Gold starred in the demo which showed horse, rider and musician working in total harmony. This event marked the beginnings of Dressage to Music Competitions, and Jennie Loriston-Clarke and Gaynor Colbourn still work together to promote the sport they kicked off in 1980.
Levels.
As well as the international levels, Young Rider (Prix St. George), Intermediate I and Grand Prix, most National Federations (i.e. USDF, British Dressage have their own freestyle levels which usually correspond to their various levels of training.
Each level has its own list of mandatory movements and paces that must appear in all programs, however their order and timing is free to the rider's discretion, albeit within certain margins. Additionally, movements of the same or lower level which are not listed as compulsory may be included to demonstrate the skills and harmony of horse and rider. Incorporating movements of a higher level than the intended level is forbidden, with penalties varying from elimination in lower levels to specific deductions and limits in FEI events. For example, an Intermediare I rider is not permitted to include passage, piaffe, or a pirouette greater than 360 degrees, and a Grand Prix rider may not do a pirouette that exceeds 720 degrees or advanced airs above the ground. If a rider does so, he or she receives a zero for the element, and in addition the score for Choreography and Degree of Difficulty will not receive a score higher than a 5.
Musical Freestyles are a component of the dressage competition at the Olympics, and the World Equestrian Games, where the Grand Prix Freestyle is used.
Scoring components.
The scoring of the freestyle is divided up into two major sections, known as Technical Execution, and Artistic Presentation.
Technical requirements.
The technical section is made up of scores for each of the compulsory movements. The technical requirements of each level mirror the level of training and balance expected in the compulsory tests at that level. Competence and ease in the execution of the movements is crucial to a successful program.
While the Technical Execution is divided so as to make up half the final score (50%), the technical components of rhythm, energy and elasticity and harmony between horse and rider are scored on the artistic portion score sheet as replacement for the collective marks on a set test, additionally, poor technical execution can negatively affect the degree of difficulty, Choreography and Music scores, thus the technical execution make up nominally 70% of the final score, and can affect all of the marks.
Artistic.
The Artistic score is usually divided into 5 sections each with a coefficient of four at International competitions, They are:
The Rhythm, Energy and Elasticity mark comprises the first two collective marks from a set test, that being Paces and Impulsion, while the Harmony between Horse & Rider mark is made up of the second two: Submission and Rider. The remaining scores are somewhat connected to the technical execution, but are for the most part dependent on the artistic qualities of the test.
Choreography.
The choreography must incorporate all the technical requirements for the level but is otherwise open to creative choices and highlighting the horse's strong points. Good marks are awarded to inventive choreography which contains movements not taken directly out of the set tests, but has an element of surprise and adventure to their placement. However, there should still be a logical order and flow to the movements, such as symmetry and without too many changes between the paces. A chaotic freestyle would score worse than a basic one.
Music.
The music chosen will depend on the horse's movement, type, personality, and the rider's own musical tastes but should serve to accentuate all of them. Music for freestyles can be found in a variety of styles; Classical music, show tunes, movie scores, orchestral versions of pop and contemporary music are common choices.
Generally, it is preferred that the music for all three gaits should be of the same genre.
The interpretation of the music means that it should enhance the horse's way of going and match the tempos of his gaits. The music should suggest the movements; transitions should correspond to the transitions in the music. It is imperative that the choreography interpret the music. Movements and figures should be started and finished at obvious musical phrases.
Degree of difficulty.
The level of difficulty should correspond to the horse's abilities so that the ride looks easy. A horse which is more advanced horse for any given level will be able to perform more complex movement combinations, or more extreme movements (e.g. 720° pirouette, 2:3 Half-Pass etc.) which are rewarded as being more difficult. However, this comes at the increased risk of loss of rhythm or a mistake in sequence, which would result in more marks lost that would have been gained. A good freestyle program is entertaining to the audience and pleasing to perform.


Lamborghini (video game)

Lamborghini was a racing video game developed by Rage Software and published by Majesco Entertainment. It was cancelled in 2003 due to Rage Software's bankruptcy. The team that worked on "Lamborghini" went on and created the game studio Juice Games, which created the "Juiced" series.
A playable demo of the game can be found on the March 2003 issue of the German Official Xbox Magazine.


Tessa Shapovalova

Tessa Shapovalova (; born 14 March 1969) is a Ukrainian tennis coach and former professional player.
Shapovalova is the mother of pro tennis player Denis Shapovalov.
Shapovalova was born in Lviv, Ukraine, then part of the Soviet Union was on the Soviet national tennis team, and moved from the Soviet Union to Tel Aviv with Denis' father (Viktor Shapovalov) when the Soviet Union was collapsing. She eventually became a tennis coach there. Her is Jewish,
Shapovalova has two children, Evgeniy and Denis, born in Israel. The family moved from Israel to Canada before Denis's first birthday. Shapovalova, son Denis Shapovalov worked as a tennis coach for many years.
She got a job as a tennis coach at the Richmond Hill Country Club where Denis Shapovalov started to play. Eventually, Denis couldn't get enough court time and his mother had the courage to leave her job and open her own tennis Academy in Vaughan called Tessa Tennis. Tessa is still coaching at her Academy while Denis lives in the Bahamas. However, Denis’ mother keeps on traveling all over the world with her son even if they have hired former world no.8 Mikhail Youzhny as Shapovalov's coach.


Guy Weadick

George Guy Weadick (February 23, 1885 – December 13, 1953) was an American-Canadian cowboy, performer and promoter. Today, he is best known as the founder of the Calgary Stampede in Alberta, Canada. He was married to famed cowgirl, Florence LaDue. Weadick was the first to be inducted in the Builder category in the Canadian Pro Rodeo Hall of Fame.
Calgary Stampede.
In 1912, Weadick travelled to Calgary, where he met with H.C. McMullen, a livestock agent for the Canadian Pacific Railway. The two of them put together a program for a frontier show. They envisioned a cowboy championship along with a tribute to the Old West. Weadick gained financing from the Big Four: George Lane, owner of the Bar U Ranch; two other wealthy ranchers, Patrick Burns and A. E. Cross; and A. J. McLean, provincial secretary. He staged the first Calgary Stampede September 2–7, 1912, when ranchers and farmers had finished the harvesting and would be free to attend.
Weadick arranged for 200 head of Mexican steers, 200 bucking steers, and wild horses to be brought in from the ranches around Calgary. In order to entice top quality competitors, $20,000 in championship money and world championship titles were offered. The prize money was about four times the closest competition, causing riders from across North America to arrive in the 1912 Stampede. In 1919, Weadick and Calgary Industrial Exhibition manager, E. L. Richardson, agreed to combine the rodeo events with the Calgary Industrial Exhibition and, in 1923, Weadick and Richardson co-founded the Calgary Exhibition and Stampede as an annual event.
In 1912, Indigenous peoples were not allowed to celebrate their cultures on their own reserves because of Indian Act laws and regulations. The Stampede was one of the only places they were welcomed to participate and celebrate their traditions publicly because of a special agreement Guy Weadick and the Calgary Stampede made with the government.
Indian Village is organized by volunteers on the Stampede's Indian Events committee, Stampede employees and the tipi families who camp at the Village during the Stampede.
There is constant consultation about the name of the Village and if it should be changed. The tipi owners have indicated that Indian Village is a place and a name with great historical significance and honours the role of Guy Weadick and the relationship with the Stampede throughout the 20th century.
Later years.
Following on the success of the Calgary Stampede, Guy Weadick continued promoting his own personal Old West shows (outside Calgary). He continued running the Stampede for 20 years after its initial creation. His next appearance at the Stampede was to appear in the parade in 1952. He died on December 13, 1953. The Calgary Stampede Guy Weadick Award, created in 1969, was named after him. He was inducted into the Canadian Pro Rodeo Hall of Fame in the Builder category on July 12, 1982. He was inducted into the Rodeo Hall of Fame of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in 1976.


Super Asia Championship

The is a title defended in the "Joshi puroresu" (women's professional wrestling) promotion Gatoh Move Pro Wrestling. The current champion is Minoru Fujita in his first reign.
History.
On November 16, 2013, at an International Wrestling Association Japan (IWA Japan) house show, Gatoh Move founder Emi Sakura defeated Kyonin Shihan to unify the vacant IWA World Heavyweight Championship, the AWF World Women's Championship and the IWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship into the . This triple crown title was then brought to Gatoh Move to serve as its main singles title.
In 2017, IWA Japan finally folded after ceasing their professional wrestling activities three years earlier. The IWA belts were then returned and Sakura announced the creation of the Super Asia Championship, a new title with a new lineage, as well as an eight-women single-elimination tournament that would crown the first Super Asia Champion. On September 22, at Gatoh Move's 5th Anniversary Show, Riho defeated in the tournament final to become the inaugural champion.
On June 4, 2019, Riho relinquished the title after her eighth defense against Mei Suruga.
On March 22, 2021 of the 99th episode of Chocopro, Emi Sakura announced a singles match between Minoru Fujita and Baliyan Akki for the vacant Super Asia Championship which would take place on day 2 of the 100th episode of Chocopro on March 28. Fujita defeated Akki to win the title.
Reigns.
As of ,


2002 VIP Petfoods Queensland 500

The 2002 VIP Petfoods Queensland 500 was an endurance race for V8 Supercars staged at Queensland Raceway, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia on 15 September 2002. Race distance was 161 laps of the 3.121 km circuit, totalling 502 km. The event was round nine of the 2002 V8 Supercar Championship Series. It was the fourth and last Queensland 500 to be held for V8 Supercars, although the race name was revived in 2006 for a club level endurance race for Sports and Touring Cars.
The 2002 race was won by David Besnard and Simon Wills driving a Ford AU Falcon.
Top Fifteen Shootout.
Top Fifteen Shootout results as follows:
Official results.
Race results as follows:


Swiss Junior Curling Championships

The Swiss Junior Curling Championships are the national championships of men's and women's junior curling teams in Switzerland. Junior level curlers must be under the age of 21. The championships have been held annually since 1972 for junior men and since 1984 for junior women. The championships are organized by the Swiss Curling Association.
Men.
Champions and medallists.
Team line-ups shows in order: fourth, third, second, lead, alternate, "coach"; skips marked bold.
Women.
Champions and medallists.
Team line-ups shows in order: fourth, third, second, lead, alternate, "coach"; skips marked bold.


Pan American Table Tennis Championships

The Pan American Table Tennis Championships is a table tennis tournament for countries in the Americas. It was first held in 2017 in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. The tournament is a joint effort of the Latin American Table Tennis Union and the Northern American Table Tennis Union. Since its first edition, the tournament has included seven competitions; namely, men's single, double and team; women's single, double and team; and mixed doubles.


2000 International Formula 3000 Championship

The 2000 International Formula 3000 season was the thirty-fourth season of the second-tier of Formula One feeder championship and also sixteenth season under the International Formula 3000 Championship moniker. It featured the 2000 FIA Formula 3000 International Championship which was contested over ten rounds from 8 April to 26 August 2000. Bruno Junqueira won the Drivers’ Championship and D2 Playlife Super Nova won the Teams’ title.
For 2000, the FIA imposed an upper limit of 15 teams of 2 cars each, with one of the places reserved for the winning team of the 1999 Italian Formula 3000 Championship; therefore, 7 bottom-ranked teams of 1999 would not have been eligible to advance to the next year. Portman-Arrows team collapsed midway through the 1999 championship, and 6 formerly competing teams were initially excluded from the 2000 championship.
In between the seasons, RSM Marko managed to buy the Oreca's slot (at the same time adopting the name Red Bull Junior Team), Arden merged with Draco, and Coloni bought the slot from Team Martello, the winners of the Italian championship; therefore, only Monaco Motorsport, GP Racing and Durango were left behind. Additionally, West Competition was renamed to mySap.com, and the second Super Nova squad (former Den Blå Avis) continued to operate under the name of Petrobras Junior Team.
As the FIA was changing the operational structure of Formula 3000 for the latter to be more of a proper seeder and supporting series for Formula One, a few F3000 teams announced their collaboration with Formula One teams. European Formula was confirmed as a junior team for Arrows instead of the de-funct Portman team, Team Astromega announced partnership with Minardi, and Super Nova announced two partnerships: with Benetton, as D2 Super Nova, and with Williams, as Petrobras Junior Team (former Den Blå Avis). Additionally, mySap.com was officially recognized as the McLaren junior team, Red Bull Junior Team retained the status of a junior team for Sauber, and Apomatox continued to run under Prost as Gauloises Formula. Although Arden's Darren Manning spent the full year as a BAR test driver, the BAR team opted not to work with Arden, and Ferrari, Jordan, and Jaguar also did not maintain active partnerships with any of the Formula 3000 teams.
Drivers and teams.
The following drivers and teams contested the 2000 FIA Formula 3000 International Championship.
All cars were Lola B99/50s powered by Zytek V8 engines.
Complete overview.
R20=retired, but classified R=retired NC=not classified NS=did not start NQ=did not qualify NT=no time set in qualifying DIS(2)=disqualified after finishing in second place (6)DIS=disqualified after finishing sixth in qualifying


Extreme Pogo

Extreme Pogo or Xpogo is an action sport which involves riding and performing tricks on specially designed "extreme" pogo sticks. These pogo sticks have the potential for jumping over 3 meters of height. Xpogo can be seen in athlete exhibition teams, Xpogo content on sites such as YouTube, and the annual Pogopalooza: The Xpogo World Championship Series.
Xpogo competitions have begun in countries outside of the USA. An Xpogo commercial was run by Nike during the 2012 Summer Olympics. Xpogo athletes were included in the 2014 Rose Parade in Pasadena, California. The vast majority of Xpogo athletes are male and between the ages of 10 and 25.
History.
Beginnings.
The beginnings of Xpogo are somewhat contested, but it is acknowledged among the Xpogo community that Dave Armstrong from Provo, Utah, USA was likely the first individual in the 20th century to make a conscious and consistent effort to execute tricks on a traditional steel spring pogo stick, beginning in 1999. Dave created a website, Xpogo.com, around that time to share pictures and video of his bouncing. Shortly after Armstrong, several other individuals began to independently form the idea of creating an extreme sport around pogo. Among these were Nick McClintock, Nick Ryan, Fred Grzybowski, Dan Brown, Rick Gorge, and Matt Malcolm. Each believing they had solely created a sport, the collective founders of Xpogo eventually connected via Xpogo.com. Together they shared their tricks and associated media, effectively laying the groundwork for the sport. The first extreme pogo stick came out in 2004 that was able to carry the weight of an adult and about the height of
6ft
Classic sticks.
From 2000 to 2004, pockets of Xpogo athletes began to emerge around the United States, and other countries such as the Netherlands, inspired by Xpogo.com. During this time there were no Xpogo sticks, only traditional steel spring sticks that could be purchased at established retailers. Each pocket of jumpers took their own names and made associated websites to help define themselves against the larger Xpogo community. These groups included Team Xpogo, Team Hyper Pogo, Pogo Cult, Rittman Pogo, Grand Theft Pogo, Say No To Park, The Pogo Squad, from York, PA.
As each of these groups developed and motivated other individuals around the country to begin bouncing as well, a core group of tricks were created that served as the building blocks for all trick innovation to come. A series of grabs, stalls, spins, and wraps utilizing the two foot pegs, two handlebars, and the frame of the pogo stick became the commonly executed tricks. Simple descriptive names such as "One-Foot Peg Grab" or "Under The Leg Bar Spin" were used to describe some tricks, while others received more specialized names such as "Malcolm X" (180 no-foot peg grab) and "Candy Bar" (one leg between the handlebars while jumping). Other tricks are related to BMX and skateboarding tricks such as "Can-Can" and "Heel Clicker."
Prior to the advent of social media sites such as YouTube and Facebook, the majority of the communication and media sharing among extreme pogo enthusiasts occurred on Xpogo forums where, by 2004 there were 50–100 dedicated users and many more casual or “silent” users. Due to the continued growth of the online community and the sport as a whole, member Dan Brown decided to hold an event called Pogopalooza, where some of the top individuals in the sport could come together in person and hold a miniature competition and exposition of the sport. In the summer of 2004 Dan Brown hosted Pogopalooza 1 in a church parking lot in Nebraska where about seven members of the Xpogo community appeared. While the event was small and only attracted friends and family, it set the precedent to hold an annual event bringing together extreme pogo athletes from around the US, and subsequently in other countries.
Extreme sticks.
2004 was the first year "extreme" pogo sticks were available. Defined as being able to support riders of adult weights while carrying a height potential of 6+ feet, the first extreme pogo stick was the Flybar 1200, by S.B.I. Enterprises. Instead of using a traditional steel spring, the Flybar utilized giant rubber “elastomers,” creating a bungee-like jumping sensation. The new height potential made possible by the Flybar allowed new tricks, noted most by the first full backflip on a pogo stick, by Brian “Chewy” Call in 2005.
Shortly after the release of the Flybar, a company emerged in Southern California with the “MotoStik” pogo, which used a dual-spring technology with MotoX-style handlebars designed for cross-training. The next extreme pogo stick, the Vurtego, was launched in 2006. This produced the greatest height of any stick to date along with the greatest durability. In 2008 the BowGo, which had been in development since 2001 at Carnegie Mellon University, entered the fray. Using a giant fiberglass bow on the front end of the pogo stick which flexed outward with downward pressure and snapped back in to produce upward momentum, the BowGo launched riders higher more consistently than any stick to date. The TK8 pogo stick, another air compressed design launched in France and Andorra around 2010. The top Xpogo US athletes worked in parallel with extreme pogo companies to help further development.
The combination of the release of several extreme pogo sticks, along with the associated boom in creativity made possible by 6–9 ft. height potential, the surge in information sharing potential through social media, and the continued steady growth of Xpogo.com brought a new and robust definition to the sport of Xpogo.
Pogopalooza 6 and beyond.
By 2009, the Xpogo community had grown into the hundreds with hundreds to potentially thousands more followers and fans globally. Pogopalooza had occurred 4 additional times in 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008, increasing in scope and attendance each year. Pogopalooza 6, which was held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, saw the biggest turnout of athletes yet, over 50+ from across the United States, Canada, and England and involved the whole of the City through four days of events and competition.
After Pogopalooza 6, national media began to take note of extreme pogo in the biggest manner to date. The Wall Street Journal ran a front-page article on the sport and numerous other countrywide and even international publications began covering athletes, events, and the growth of Xpogo in general. With the media push, more athletes began to emerge around the country and the globe, pushing trick innovation to new levels
Pogopalooza 2014 and beyond.
After a widely attended and covered Pogopalooza 10 in New York City in 2013, the Pogopalooza competition expanded into a multi-city international touring format for 2014. Today, the event is referred to as "Pogopalooza: The Xpogo World Championship Series" and occurs multiple times throughout the year in cities around the world.
Xpogo LLC.
In June 2010, three of sport’s original founders, Nick Ryan, Nick McClintock, and Fred Grzybowski, formed Xpogo LLC, a company dedicated to managing the global operations of Xpogo. According to the Xpogo LLC’s mission statement, the company "strives to develop the sport of Xpogo through the management of competitions, strategic partnerships, merchandising and retail, talent, platforms, and content. [The] company’s ultimate goal is to grow Xpogo into a cultural staple."
Following the founding of Xpogo LLC, the infrastructure surrounding the growing sport became more defined. Pogopalooza 7 (Salt Lake City), Pogopalooza 8 (Costa Mesa), Pogopalooza 9 (Costa Mesa), and Pogopalooza 10 (New York City) were professional grade, drawing tens of thousands of spectators in total and earning hundreds of millions of media impressions. Today, Xpogo LLC acts as the governing body for the sport, representing the top Xpogo athletes worldwide, releasing and distributing professional content, and producing competitions and clinics.
Today.
Clovis is growing of Xpogo. The expansion of competitions, the recognition of Pro Athletes and Semi-Pro Athletes, many highly viewed commercials, music videos, and media featuring Xpogo athletes, and consistent 97–99% positive viewer ratings on popular Xpogo videos such as Xpogo Films: RISE support the claim that the sport of Xpogo is growing in global popularity.


Woggle

A woggle is a device to fasten the neckerchief, or scarf, worn as part of the Scout or Girl Guides uniform, originated by a Scout in the 1920s.
Origins.
Early Scouts tied a knot in their neckerchief (scarf) to fasten it around the neck. In the United States, experiments were made with rings made from bone, rope or wood.
A young British Scout, Bill Shankley, who was responsible for running a workshop and developing ideas for camping equipment at Gilwell Park, became aware of the American rings, and set out to create something similar. The result was the Gilwell Woggle.
On the origin of the woggle, Shankley said:
History.
The earliest known reference to a woggle is the June 1923 edition of "The Scout". The term was quickly applied to other designs of fastener, of many shapes and sizes, and is today used around the world.
The word "ring" was used in editions of the Scouting handbook "Scouting for Boys" until 1929 when Baden-Powell changed it in the 14th edition:
It [the scarf] may be fastened at the throat by a knot or woggle, which is some form of ring made of cord, metal or bone, or anything you like.
Gilwell Woggle.
The Woggle designed by Bill Shankley became known as the Gilwell Woggle, as it has been traditionally presented to leaders who have completed their Wood Badge training. Trained leaders are admitted into 1st Gilwell Park Scout Troop, with the Gilwell Woggle as one of its symbols. Because of its association it is not worn by other Scouts.
New Zealand Scout woggle.
The New Zealand Scouts sometimes use a plastic woggle in the shape of a traditional Maori carved head. More commonly though warranted leaders trained to Gilwell Woggle standard are allowed to wear the "traditional" leather Turk's head woggle. Keas, Cubs, Scouts, Venturers and Rovers all wear either a "standard" woggle for their section, or home-made "special occasion" woggles such as the tiki mentioned above. Until trained to the Gilwell woggle level, leaders wear a plaited leather woggle with a dome fastening.
Origins of the name.
One story relating to the origin of the word woggle is that it was named to rhyme with the word "boon doggle" used in America. However the term woggle pre-dates the first known reference to this in 1925. There are a few other references to the word woggle before its adoption by the Scout movement. It is thought that woggle was a verb, with similar meanings to waggle and wobble, in the 16th century. It was in limited use as a noun around 1900.
Other names.
Although the name "woggle" is used in many English-speaking countries, in the United States, the term woggle is reserved for the turk's head knot used to secure the neckerchief of Wood Badge participants. In the US, the object used to secure the neckerchief is called a "neckerchief slide".
An early photographic reference to a slide is in the BSA magazine "Scouting" of 1 April 1917. The cover for November 1917 issue prominently shows a Scout wearing a slide to hold the neckerchief in place.
In the BSA magazine "Scouting" from August 1923, the term "slip-on" and "slide" are both referenced. There is an example of a rams head made of bone and an illustration on how to make your own Turk's head slip-on. The article also comments that the neckerchief should be tied using the four-in-hand knot (often used to tie a necktie) when not using a slide.
Two months later, "Boys' Life" magazine repeated many of the article key points. The name slide or neckerchief slide appears as early as October 1923 with a discussion of the slide being a smart addition to the neckerchief and having some benefits over a knot to tie the neckerchief on. The article makes reference to making your own troop or patrol slide. Also in this same article, on page 63, the Slide is referred to as a "Slip-On".
The first appearance of the term "woggle" in "Boys' Life" was in February 1966 with reference to a question in a quiz, asking what woggle is to a British Scout.
Neckerchief slides in the United States.
In the 1930s through the 2000s, "Boys' Life" magazine (the Boy Scouts of America youth magazine) promoted the use and making of slides through articles and Slide Contests.
In the 1920s and 1930s, "Boys' Life" sponsored contests for unique slides, and winning designs were featured in the magazine. In the late 1940s, a feature article called "Slide of the Month" began to grace the pages. Most of the articles were written by W. Ben Hunt from Hales Corners, Wisconsin under the pen name "Whittlin' Jim". Many of the slide ideas were sent into the magazine by Scouts and Scouters as evidenced by the notes Jim included in the article thanking individuals for the slide ideas. After Mr. Hunt's death in the early 1970s, several authors took on the "Slide of the Month" responsibility. The last article was printed in March 2001, the "Rattlesnake" made from wire, tube, colored tape, beads, and googly eyes. Over 300 Slide of the Month articles appeared in "Boys' Life" magazine.


Mathias Berthold

Mathias Berthold (born 18 May 1965) is an Austrian former alpine skier who specialised in the slalom. He competed in the 1980s and 1990s. His career included twenty-three FIS World Cup starts and one FIS World Cup Podium. He subsequently became a coach, serving as coach of the German women's team for a period of seven years, culminating in the team winning three gold medals at the 2010 Winter Olympics. He was then head coach of the Austrian men's alpine skiing team for four seasons, leading them to two golds at the 2014 Winter Olympics, three overall Alpine Skiing World Cup titles (won by Marcel Hirscher) and eight World Championship medals, before announcing his departure in April 2014. Shortly afterwards the German Ski Association announced that Berthold would rejoin them as head coach for their men's alpine team.


2002 Atlantic Championship

The 2002 Toyota Atlantic Championship season was contested over 12 rounds. The CART Toyota Atlantic Championship Drivers' Champion was Jon Fogarty driving for Dorricott Racing. In this one-make formula all drivers had to utilize Swift chassis and Toyota engines. 20 different teams and 38 different drivers competed.
Calendar.
bold indicate pole position
Final points standings.
Driver.
For every race the points were awarded: 20 points to the winner, 16 for runner-up, 14 for third place, 12 for fourth place, 10 for fifth place, 8 for sixth place, 6 seventh place, winding down to 1 point for 12th place. Lower placed drivers did not award points. Additional points were awarded to the fastest qualifier on Friday (1 point), the fastest qualifier on Saturday (1 point) and to the driver leading the most laps (1 point). Oval races only saw one qualifying.
Note:
Race 7 Michael Valiante had 5 points deduction, because he had shortcutted the course.
Race 7 Rocky Moran, Jr. was originally disqualified, but after Race 8 the decision was reverted to a 5 points deduction.
Race 3 and 6 only one additional point - oval races.
Complete Overview.
R22=retired, but classified NS=did not start NQ=did not qualify NT=no time set in qualifying (15)=place after practice, but grid position not held free


Alon Eizenman

Alon Eizenman (born February 9, 1979) is a Canadian and Israeli former ice hockey player. He played hockey for the Nittany Lions at Pennsylvania State University, then played professionally in France and on the Israeli national team in 2000, 2001, 2002, 2005, and 2006 Ice Hockey World Championships.
Eizenman earned a Bachelor of Science from Pennsylvania State University in 2001, and a Juris Doctor from the University of Toronto in 2007.
Hockey career.
In secondary school, Eizenman played for the Wexford Raiders. Eizenman played for Canada in the Maccabiah Games while still in secondary school.
Eizenman played for Penn State as an undergraduate from 1997 to 2001 under coach Joe Battista. He led Penn State to 4 ACHA national championships. In 2000 he scored 16 minutes into overtime, to beat Eastern Michigan for the ACHA Division I Championship. In 2001 he scored 2 goals and was named MVP of the game in which Penn State beat Delaware for the national championship.
In 2012 he was named to the American Collegiate Hockey Association (ACHA) Hall of Fame.
Said to have maintained a "dizzying(ly)" high grade point average as an undergraduate, Eizenman postponed law school for a professional career that began with a tryout with the Pittsburgh Penguins.
He was described in the "Sydney Morning Herald" as the "hero" of Israel's victory over Australia in the 2014 Ice Hockey Division IIA World Championships, for "scoring with just 16 seconds remaining in the overtime period to win the game."
Post-sports life.
Eizenman is a lawyer with the Canadian law firm of Stikeman Elliott, specializing in municipal and planning law.
Family.
Eizenman's father is Brett Eizenman, co-founder of the Israel Baseball League. He is the brother of ice hockey players Oren and Erez Eizenman, all three of whom have played for the Israeli national team.


Renee Luers-Gillispie

Renee Luers-Gillispie is an American college softball coach and a former college player. Luers-Gillispie is currently the head coach of the Iowa Hawkeyes softball team of the University of Iowa.
Playing career.
Luers-Gillispie first attended Kirkwood Community College in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, where she played for the softball team in 1981. After her freshman year, she transferred to West Texas A&M in Canyon, Texas, where she was a three-year starter. As a player, she set nine career pitching records including most wins, most strikeouts and most saves at West Texas A&M.
In 2005, Luers-Gillispie was inducted into the West Texas A&M Athletics Hall of Fame.
Coaching career.
Luers-Gillispie began her coaching career at Joliet Junior College in 1991. She became the head coach at Bradley University in 1993, and was named to the same position at Texas Tech in 1996.
In 2000, Luers-Gillispie was hired by UCF to start the Knights softball program. The UCF softball team began play in 2002. The Knights played their first games on February 2, losing the first contest 2–3 to Bethune–Cookman, and winning their second game against Arkansas, 6–5. In 2005 and 2008, Luers-Gillispie led the Knights to conference tournament championships, and the program has appeared in the NCAA Tournament five times, in 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012, and 2014.
Personal life.
Gillispie and her husband, Mark, were married in 1983 and currently reside in Iowa City, Iowa.


Walter Tomsen

Walter Tomsen (March 4, 1912 – December 30, 2000) was a sports shooter and Olympic medalist for the United States. He won a silver medal in the 50 metre rifle prone event at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London.


Philippine Open Short Track Championships

The Philippine Open Short Track Championships is the national short track speed skating competition in the Philippines. It is organized by the Philippine Skating Union.
The first edition will be held on September 27, 2018 at the SM Megamall Ice Skating Rink in Mandaluyong. The performance of the more than 35 athletes which will compete in the inaugural edition of the championships will be used as basis for the selection of the Philippines' representatives in the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in short track speed skating. 500-meter, 1000-meter, 1,500-meter and relay will be contested for both male and female competitors. India also fielded speed skaters in this edition. Kevin Villanueva dominated the Men Senior Category by winning three gold medals while Kathryn Magno did the same for the Ladies Senior Category also by winning three gold medals.


Sportek Herzliya

Sportek Herzliya is a 120 dunam sports outdoor compound in Herzliya, Israel. It is one of Herzliya's main attractions.
Building the Sportek was finished in 2011, and it became open to the public in January 2002. It was designed by the landscape architecture company Zur Wolf. The compound consists of several multifunctional playing courts, built for futsal (soccer) and basketball playing, and in total has 13 basketball hoops, along with playgrounds, grass lawns, ping pong tables, a cafeteria, exercise machines, a walking track and a roller skating surface. On Saturdays, organized folk dance events are being held in the roller skating area, and occasional dancing events are being held also in midweek.
In 2011, a decade after the Sportek's opening, the "Herzliya Skatepark", a skateboarding track, was opened as the southern complex of the Sportek. The skating park was also designed by Zur Wolf offices.
In the northwest edge of the compound, the youth club "Hakohav Hashmini" ("The Eighth Star") is situated.
The complex borders the Performing Arts Center and the Israeli Air Force House in the southeast, Herzliya Municipal Stadium in the south, and Herzliya Park in the west.
During July and August, the annual events of "Midnight Sports" are being held in Sportek Herzliya, which involve nightly sports events and activities for the youth.


Premier Hockey League

Premier Hockey League (PHL) was a professional field hockey league competition for clubs in the top division of the Indian hockey system. There were seven teams in the PHL. The competition was held every year from 2005 until 2008.
History.
The competition created and promoted by Leisure Sports Management (LSM) and sanctioned by Indian Hockey Federation (IHF), was first played in 2005 involving 5 teams with active support from sports channel ESPN India. First season had two tiers division 1 and division 2 but from 2007 season onwards division 2 was scrapped. Except team winning 2006 division 2 championship rest all teams in division 2 were scrapped. The competition was disbanded in 2008.
The 5 inaugural members of the new Premier Hockey League in 2005 were Bangalore Hi-Fliers, Chennai Veerans, Hyderabad Sultans, Maratha Warriors and Sher-e-Jalandhar.
Competition.
Format.
Regular season of PHL runs between December and January. Since the inaugural season, the format has varied regularly. According to the last format, each team plays each other once in a single round robin format (21 matches) in the regular league season, then the top four play the semifinals (1 vs. 4 and 2 vs. 3) followed by the finals, adopting a best of three format, for the top 2 teams. There are a total of 26 matches for each session.
During a PHL match, points that contribute to team standings can be earned in the following ways:
In case of no winner has been decided after completion of a match and two periods of extra time, the winner of the match will be determined by a shoot-out competition.
New Features.
The fundamental aberration from the format of normal hockey games is the number of sessions. A normal 70-minute hockey game includes two sessions, each of 35 minutes each. The PHL has four sessions each of 17.5 minutes. This format is tailor-made to include more advertising time in order to generate funds. Teams are allowed to take time-outs to chalk out new strategies during the course of the game.
If the match is deadlocked after full-time, the number of players of each team is gradually reduced till a result is obtained. A win within full-time fetches three points, whereas a win after full-time fetches two points to the winning team and one to the losing team. Each team is also allowed to field up to five international players.
In addition, another feature of the PHL for the year 2007, has been the innovative penalty shootout competition, modelled similar to the ice hockey penalty shootout. Each team will have five penalty shoot outs each where 5 players will play a one-on-one with the goal keeper of the opponent team. Each player will start with the ball on the 25 yard line and when the umpire blows the whistle player will have maximum of 8 secs to score a goal with only the goal keeper defending the goal. The player can take as many shots possible within the stipulated 8 secs.
Another interesting feature of PHL is timeouts, similar to basketball and volleyball. Each team will be allowed 2 x 120 second timeouts per team in regulation time. These timeouts will be mandatory and have to be taken once in each half of play. There will be a warning from the bench 5 minutes before the end of the second/fourth quarter if the team has still not availed of the mandatory timeout. 2 minutes from the end of the second/fourth quarter the timeout will be imposed by the technical bench if the team has still not availed of it.
In addition, each team will also be allowed 1 x 2 minute timeout which is not mandatory and could be taken at any point in time during the regulation time.
Players.
A team shall consist of maximum of 18 (eighteen) players to be registered with PHDPL.
Out of the above 18, maximum of 3 players can be of foreign origin. At any given point of time minimum 2 players of foreign origin shall be within the field of play during the course of a game. All eighteen players in a team have to be registered with the PHDPL and need to submit their identity cards before the start of the league qualifying for playing in a team. All Indian players currently employed have to be taken on lien for the duration of the league and then be registered with PHDPL. All the foreign players must obtain international transfer certificates from their respective countries and or clubs before signing up with the team and PHDPL.
International Players.
There are a number of players from countries other than India, who have been contracted to play in the league.
Results.
Introduction of play offs from 2006 season.
Impact.
At the time of launch, many in the Indian Hockey circles were delighted to have hockey glamorized with the intention of reviving the flagging sport. Experts accused the Indian Hockey Federation of being too lethargic and bureaucratic in popularizing the sport.
Hockey players of the likes of Sohail Abbas playing for an Indian city club excited a number of youngsters and drew them towards the game of Hockey.
Critics argued that traditional hockey bastions such as Kodagu (Coorg), Jharkhand, Odisha and parts of Punjab were ignored and the organizers stated that in due course of time more teams would be included.
However, after 4 successful seasons, the Premier Hockey League ceased to exist. It has now made way to another similar formatted tournament, the Hockey India League.


Premier Badminton League

Premier Badminton League (PBL) is a team badminton league held in India. Sportz & Live Private Limited (Sportzlive) has the rights to operate and execute the Premier Badminton League.
The inaugural season of PBL was held from 2 to 17 January 2016. Delhi Dashers (formerly Delhi Acers) defeated Mumbai Rockets in the final to clinch the title. The second season began on 22 December 2016 and came to end on 14 January 2017 with the Chennai Smashers headed by P. V. Sindhu clinching the title in the finals. The third season began on 23 December 2017 and came to end on 14 January 2018 with Hyderabad Hunters headed by Carolina Marin emerging as the champions. Bengaluru Raptors won the last two editions in 2018-19 and 2020, becoming the only team to win the title twice.
Organisation.
Tournament format.
Teams play each other in round-robin format in league stage. Each team plays six ties in the league stage in which each tie consists of five matches. The matches played are two Men's singles, Women's singles, Men's doubles and Mixed doubles. Each of these matches are best of 3 games. Teams earn one point for each regular match win; in addition, each team must choose a Trump match, where a win is worth two points, and a loss subtracts one point. After league stage, the top four teams in the table will qualify for the knockout stage. The winners of semi-finals goes into the final, in which the winner will be crowned the PBL champions.
Player auctions.
The player auctions are usually held at the end of each year for the subsequent season. Professional players from around the world enter the bidding where teams buy them. The league has helped players more than double their annual earnings from prize money in the year 2018. According to the prominent Danish player Victor Axelsen, this was a crucial part of their annual income. Each franchise has a purse of and the maximum a team can spend on a single player was in the most recent 2020 auction.
Fifth Season.
The fifth season auctions were held on 26 November 2019 in New Delhi. Each franchise had a purse of , and were not allowed to spend more than on a single player. The highest paid players were the Taiwanese Tai Tzu-ying and Indian P. V. Sindhu, both sold for the maximum amount of to Bengaluru Raptors and Hyderabad Hunters respectively. Indian doubles player Satwiksairaj Rankireddy was the next highest, bought for by Chennai Superstarz.
2020 being the Olympic year, key players like Saina Nehwal, Kidambi Srikanth, Carolina Marin, Victor Axelsen and others have decided to skip the season.
Some of the players were traded between Mumbai, Chennai and Pune teams ahead of the season.
Franchises.
Currently seven franchises compete in the league. There were nine franchises in the previous season(2018–19).
Seasons.
First Season (Season 1).
In 2016, the league was renamed from Indian Badminton League to Premier Badminton League, and still followed same format. This first season of the PBL started on 2 January 2016 and concluded on 17 January 2016. The four teams to proceed to the semi-finals were Delhi Dashers, Chennai Smashers, Awadhe Warriors and Mumbai Rockets. Delhi beat Chennai 4-3 and Mumbai Rockets beat Awadhe Warriors 3-1 to proceed to the final. Delhi Dashers won the tournament after beating Mumbai Rockets 4-3.
Second Season (Season 2).
The second season of the Premier Badminton League started on 1 January 2017 and concluded on 14 January 2017. It followed the same format as the earlier league, and the four teams to proceed to the semi-finals were Awadhe Warriors, Mumbai Rockets, Chennai Smashers and Hyderabad Hunters. Chennai Smashers beat Awadhe Warriors 4-1 and Mumbai Rockets beat Hyderabad Hunters 3-(-1) to proceed to the final. Chennai Smashers won the tournament after beating Mumbai Rockets 4-3.
Third Season (Season 3).
The third season of the PBL started on 23 December 2017 and concluded on 14 January 2018. Hyderabad Hunters were crowned the champions after they beat Bengaluru Blasters 4-3 in the final tie.
Fourth Season (Season 4).
The fourth season of the PBL was played from 22 December 2018 to 13 January 2019. In the fourth season Bengaluru Raptors took their first title after beating Mumbai Rockets in the final.
Fifth Season (Season 5).
The fifth season of the PBL started on 20 January 2020 and concluded on 9 February 2020. Seven teams participated in the season. Delhi Dashers and Ahmedabad Smash Masters did not participate in this edition. Total prize money of was announced by Sportzlive for the tournament. Bengaluru Raptors beat Northeastern Warriors 4-2 in the finals to win their second title. It was also their second consecutive title in PBL.
Tournament seasons and results.
Five seasons of PBL have been played since the first season in 2016. They are:
Broadcast rights.
In 2013 STAR Sports India purchased the broadcasting rights for India.