Hakone Ekiden

', which is officially called ', is one of the most prominent university "ekiden" (relay marathon) races of the year held between Tokyo and Hakone in Japan on January 2 and 3. The race is telecast on Nippon Television.
This two-day race from Ōtemachi to Hakone and back is separated into five legs on each day. Due to slight variations in the courses, the first day distance is 107.5 km while the distance on the second day is 109.6 km.
Rules.
Five legs are provided between Tokyo and Hakone each way. Each runner runs one section, and alternates with the next runner at a station. Each team has ten runners, who each run with their team's sash which is handed over to the next runner on the team at each station.
If a runner cannot get to a station within a certain time after the leading team reaches it (10 minutes for legs 1–2, 15 minutes for legs 3–4, 20 minutes for all subsequent legs), the next runner starts with a substitute sash. The time difference is added to the goal time.
Participation.
Twenty universities, which belong to , can participate in this Ekiden. Ten of them are seeded teams that qualify by virtue of finishing in the top ten the previous year. Nine more teams qualify through their team results at the Hakone Ekiden Yosenkai, a 20 km qualifier held in the October preceding the race. A final select team, the , made up of top-placing individuals at October's Yosenkai 20 km Road Race from universities that do not qualify for Hakone as teams. The 2014 race did not include a select team, and before 2014, the select team was called the , and were also constituted by a selection of top runners from universities that did not qualify as one of the 19 participating teams.
Seed rights.
Teams who finished 10th place or better will be seeded and guarantees participation in the Hakone Ekiden for the next year.
Forfeiture.
If a runner retires en route to a station because of an accident, his team is treated as retired. Although runners for following sections may run, their times are not officially recorded.
Course.
Day 1, January 2.
Leg 1 (21.3 km) From Ōtemachi, Tokyo to Tsurumi, Yokohama.
The race begins at 8:00a.m. in front of the Yomiuri Shimbun Building in Ōtemachi, Tokyo, and follows a relatively flat course along and National Route 15 past various Tokyo landmarks such as Tokyo Imperial Palace, Tokyo Station, Hibiya Park, Zōjō-ji, and Tokyo Tower. Past Shinagawa Station, the runners will encounter some slopes at as well as over the Tama River at the 17 km mark, before arriving at the Tsurumi relay station.
This is one of the most important sections because the first runner's rank affects the flow of the entire ekiden for his team. As a result, teams usually enter a strong runner run in this section.
Leg 2 (23.1 km) From Tsurumi to Totsuka.
After departing the Tsurumi relay station, the runners reach Yokohama Station before following National Route 1 on their way to Totsuka relay station. As part of the traditional 53 Stations of the Tōkaidō, the runners will face a significant uphill climb at at the 13 km mark. The last 3 km section is also made up of a combination of uphill climbs and downhill descents.
As this is the longest leg of the race, the fastest runner in each team traditionally runs on this course as it has influence on the overall pace of the race. The leg is often referred to as in reference to its often star-studded runners and status.
Leg 3 (21.4 km) From Totsuka to Hiratsuka.
The first 9 km of leg is marked with a gentle descent as the course gradually departs the urban areas towards the Shōnan . The runners join National Route 134 at Chigasaki, and travel along the coastline with Mount Fuji in front of them and Sagami Bay to their left. Leg 3 finishes after the runners cross the over Sagami River, and reaches the Hiratsuka relay station on the coast.
Though considered to be the most scenic leg of the entire race, strong and sometimes unpredictable sea winds force runners to adapt as they exit the urban sections of the race. Like leg 2, leg 3 also often sees placements of the strongest runners of each team in order to keep pace.
Leg 4 (20.9 km) From Hiratsuka to Odawara.
The shortest flat section of the race, leg 4 leads runners parallel to the Tokaido Main Line past towns of Ōiso and Ninomiya, before crossing the Sakawa River into the heart of Odawara. Passing by Odawara Castle, the last 3 km stretch of this leg sees a gradual uphill climb, a prelude to leg 5.
From 2006 to 2016, runners ran a shortened leg 4 at 18.5 km, the shortest of all legs, as organizers attempted to create a leg that would better highlight mid-distance runners of each team. However, the 20.9 km length was reinstated for the 2017 edition and has remained in place since.
Leg 5 (20.8 km) From Odawara to Lake Ashi, Hakone.
After passing by Hakone-Yumoto Station, the runners run past (or in earlier editions, run through) the to begin their climbs, and pass by various Hakone sights such as the Fujiya Hotel, , a railroad crossing for the Hakone Tozan Line, and before reaching the highest point of National Route 1 at 16.2 km. Finally, the runners run through the town of under the Torii of Hakone Shrine at 19 km, and reach the finish line at Lake Ashi.
Colloquially called , leg 5 is considered to be one of the most grueling sections of the race that sees runners climb up to 874 m at the highest point of leg. While almost all competitors forego tank tops and opt to dress in long sleeved apparel to combat the low temperatures, leg 5 sometimes sees runners fall to conditions such as hypothermia and hypoglycemia due to its trying nature. This leg often sees uphill specialists from each team being deployed, with many often only running this section for their universities throughout their collegiate career. Those who have consistent high finishes in this section are traditionally referred to as .
Day 2, January 3.
Leg 6 (20.8 km) From Lake Ashi, Hakone to Odawara.
Day 2 of the race begins at 8:00a.m. with leg 6 being a reverse course of leg 5 from day 1, and its first 4 km section is an uphill section before rapidly descending the mountains, past the same sights as those of leg 5. The teams' coaches are not allowed to join the teams until they have reached Hakone-Yumoto Station at the base of the mountain.
As a reverse of leg 5 and colloquially called , the downhill leg 6 is a speedy and challenging affair with average runner speeds of 25 km per hour. Runners also need to combat the morning chills of starting early in the morning atop of the mountains, and icy and slippery course conditions are not uncommon dependent on weather conditions. As a combination of these challenging conditions, leg 6 also sees a high number of specialist runners much like leg 5, and those who participate often take tolls on their legs and feet as they reach the bottom of the mountain.
Leg 7 (21.3 km) From Odawara to Hiratsuka.
A near-reverse course of leg 4, leg 7 is slightly longer than its parallel during day 1 and sees its runners leave the mountains and head to the coast near Hiratsuka on a mostly flat course with minor inclines after 9 km.
As the sun rises throughout the course of leg 7, the difference of temperature between the start in Odawara and the finish at Hiratsuka is the largest out of all other sections. Runners have to combat and adapt to the changing weather conditions as they move towards Hiratsuka.
Leg 8 (21.4 km) From Hiratsuka to Totsuka.
A reverse course of leg 3, the first half of leg 8 is mostly flat, however near Fujisawa there is a significant uphill section near which may causes some runners difficulties.
As the temperatures continue to rise, some runners fall into states of dehydration near Yugyōji-no-saka, and proper management of runners' physical conditions is critical in leading the way to a successful final 2 legs of the race.
Leg 9 (23.1 km) From Totsuka to Tsurumi.
A reverse course of leg 2, leg 9 is the longest leg of day 2. After revisiting Gontazaka, now as a downhill section, the rest of the course past Hodogaya Station is a mostly flat affair leading to the Tsurumi relay station.
Like leg 2, Most teams place their second-best runners for this leg, and it is likewise called to indicate its importance. The leg is critical for leading teams to cement their lead or for trailing teams to close their distance, either in a fight for the championship or a top-10 seeding position to guarantee their return to the next year's race. Owing to the strength of runners in this sections, overtakes are not uncommon during leg 9.
Additionally, the Tsurumi relay station at the end of leg 9 is the most common place for early starts () to occur, as teams need to reach Tsurumi within 20 minutes of the race leaders to prevent a forced early start. Because of the symbolic importance of physically relaying the Tasuki to each teammate throughout the race, emotions often run high when teams fail to do so. The 160 m clear straight section at Tsurumi exacerbates this: teams close to the 20 minute cut-off physically see their teammates near the relay station, but not all teams make the successful exchange at this final relay station.
Leg 10 (23.0 km) From Tsurumi to Otemachi, Tokyo.
A near-reverse course of leg 1, and similar to the opening leg, leg 10 is largely flat as runners head towards central Tokyo. The leg follows the same course as leg 1 until the final section, where it deviates east at in front of the Nijubashi of the Tokyo Imperial Palace before turning north on through Kyōbashi. After crossing Nihonbashi, the race returns and concludes in front of the Yomiuri Shimbun Building, where the finish line awaits.
The spectating crowds grow gradually as the race progresses through leg 10, and runners have to face strong winds between tall buildings as they enter more built-up areas of Tokyo. As the final runners of each team close out the race, their teammates awaits them at the finish line in celebration and reflection.
Origin.
Hakone Ekiden was started in 1920. Shizo Kanaguri, who is known as the father of the Japanese marathon, conceived the idea. His enthusiastic idea of bringing up a runner who could compete in the world became the driving force of establishing Hakone Ekiden. When Kanaguri was a Tokyo Koto Shihan school (Koshi) student, he participated in Olympic Games in Stockholm in 1912 as one of the representative Japanese marathon runners. He had to give up his race on the way, however.
In the meantime, the first ekiden, was held in 1917 between Sanjō Ōhashi, Kyoto and Tokyo, celebrating 50 years after Tokyo became the capital. This race was a big relay race between Kyoto and Tokyo (516 km) held by Yomiuri Shimbun for three days. It succeeded and became the original form of Hakone Ekiden. Kanaguri was influenced by the success of the race and persuaded many universities that they should race in the Hakone Ekiden. As a result, Waseda Univ., Keio Univ., Meiji Univ. and Tokyo Kōshi replied to his offer and Hakone Ekiden started. Hakone Ekiden was started with great energy of the pioneers in Japanese sports society. It started during World War I, so industrial areas gradually expanded to the west and the Tokaido road was widened. Reflecting this active atmosphere, the Japanese sports society, including ekiden one, were developing great challenging spirits at that time.
Level of competition in 2010.
In the 2010 (86th) race, of the 380 athletes (190 runners and 190 alternates) that represent the 19 universities, 328 have run under 14:40 for 5,000 meters; 150 at 14:20 and 33 under 14:00.　This figure compares very strongly with US collegiate men from all schools: athletic.net's list of collegiate men 5000 meters in 2009, which lists approximately 400 athletes at 14:40, 200 at 14:20 and 60 under 14:00 in 2009. Stepping up to the 10,000 meter distance, the same sources show that these 19 Tokyo universities list over 190 runners with personal bests under 30:00 (14 more sub 30 minute runners make up an all-star team of runners from other Tokyo universities); about 90 US collegians ran under 30:00 in 2009.
Winners.
Shizo Kanakuri Trophy.
This prize is awarded to the most valuable runner. This was founded in 2004(80th) to admire Shizo Kanakuri's accomplishment.
Records.
Section Time Records.
Following are the time record for each of the section from the current course in effect.


Sharon Couch

Sharon Renee Couch-Jewell (born September 13, 1967 in Richmond, Virginia) is an American track and field athlete who specialized in the long jump and sprint hurdles originating in Amelia, a small county in Virginia. She represented her country at the 1992 and 2000 Summer Olympics as well as one indoor and three outdoor World Championships.
Personal bests.
Outdoor
Indoor


Moto Roader

Moto Roader (spelled Motoroader in Europe) is a futuristic racing game developed by NCS for the TurboGrafx-16. The game is the first in a series which includes "Moto Roader 2" and "Moto Roader MC". It is notable for having a possible five players race simultaneously, one more player than most games' maximum number.
It was released on the Wii's Virtual Console in Europe on January 5, 2007, in North America on January 15, 2007, and in Japan on January 16, 2007. It was released on the Wii U's Virtual Console in Japan on December 17, 2014, in North America and Europe on October 12, 2017, and in Australia on October 13, 2017.


2006 FIA GT Championship

The 2006 FIA GT Championship season is the 10th season of FIA GT Championship. It is a series for Grand Touring style cars broken into two classes based on power and manufacturer involvement, called GT1 and GT2. Invitational G2 and G3 classes are also allowed to participate, but do not count towards the championships. It began on 7 May 2006 and ended on the 18 November 2006 after 10 races.
Teams Championship.
Points are awarded to the top 8 finishers in the order of 10–8–6–5–4–3–2–1 except at the Spa 24 Hours, where half points are also granted for the leaders after 6 and 12 hours. Both cars score points towards the championship regardless of finishing position.
Manufacturers Cup.
Points are awarded to the top 8 finishers in the order of 10–8–6–5–4–3–2–1 except at the Spa 24 Hours. All cars score points towards the championship regardless of finishing position.
Drivers Championship.
Points are awarded to the top 8 finishers in the order of 10–8–6–5–4–3–2–1 except at the Spa 24 Hours. Drivers who do not drive the car for a minimum distance do not score points.


2006 in modern pentathlon

This article lists the main modern pentathlon events and their results for 2006.


Quadrille (dressage)

Quadrille is a choreographed dressage ride, commonly performed to music, which is often compared to an equestrian ballet or to a drill team. A minimum of four horses are used, although many times more (always in pairs), which perform movements together. Quadrille may be ridden as a performance, such as those given by the Spanish Riding School, or as a competitive test with judging. At the highest level, quadrille includes movements such as shoulder-in, travers, half-pass, passage, flying changes, and canter pirouettes.


Swiss LNA

Swiss LNA is the biggest Roller Hockey Clubs Championship in Switzerland.


Stream Lion

Stream Lion is a mare well known for producing event horses, including four of Bruce Davidson’s top mounts.
Patricia Nicholson, of Kells, Co.Meath, Ireland, first bought Lady Luck, a mare by the Irish Draught stallion Laughton, from a nearby farm. The mare was about to be sold "to the factory," because she was apparently unable to breed any longer, and Nicholson was able to buy both her and another mare for a cheap £40.
Impressed by the records of the get of Water Serpent, especially in the show jumping arena, Nicholson decided to breed her new mare to one of the stallion’s sons, Ideal Water. The result was the filly Stream Lion.
Stream Lion was ridden by Nicholson's daughter before being handed off to Peter Charles as a show jumper. After her successful career showing, she was kept for breeding. Her first foal was the 1982 Rennies Boy gelding, named Rebel Lion, who was ridden on the amateur event circuit in Ireland by the Co Kildare rider Donal McKenna. In all she has had eight offspring: Pirate Lion, Regent Lion, Eagle Lion, and Lion King (all ridden by American eventer Bruce Davidson), the mare Cara Lion who produced Sea Lion (recently sold by Bruce Davidson) and Cruise Lion, a two-year-old colt, a mare currently kept by Patricia for breeding, and a new colt by the stallion Mr. Lord. Her four sons ridden by Davidson have had excellent careers at the highest level of eventing.


Magdalena Swanepoel

Magdalena Catherina Swanepoel (7 November 1930 – 2 June 2007) was a South African track and field athlete who competed in the shot put and javelin throw events.
She was born in Hopetown, a town in the north-west part of South Africa in Thembelihle Local Municipality. She spent most of her life in Pretoria. Over her sporting career she broke the South African record six times in the javelin and on ten occasions for the shot put, ending with lifetime bests of for the javelin and for the shot put. She was a 13-time national champion in throwing events, including eight javelin titles.
Her greatest achievements came at the Commonwealth Games. At the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games she added almost five metres to the previous javelin games record by winning the gold medal with a throw of . THis made her South Africa's first women's throws champion at the competition. She also took a bronze in the shot put that year, about a metre down on the winner, New Zealand's Yvette Williams.
Swanepoel returned four years later to defend her title but although she threw close to a career best with she was a long way short of Australia's Anna Pazera, whose winning throw of would stand as a record for twenty years. Swanepoel also had an improved performance in the shot put, with , but finished off the podium in fourth as all medallists went beyond fourteen metres that year.
After retiring from active competition she took up coaching in Pretoria and worked as a lecturer at Normal College Pretoria.


Miss Britain III

Miss Britain III is a racing power boat designed and built by Hubert Scott-Paine.
In 1932, Scott-Paine asked Rolls-Royce for a 'R' engine which had powered the winning entrant in the 1931 Schneider Trophy. He planned to challenge Garfield 'Gar' Wood's "Miss America X" for the Harmsworth Trophy. No engine was then available so there the matter rested.
In February 1933, with the success of his Power-Napier engine to which he had exclusive rights, Scott-Paine issued his challenge for the Harmsworth Trophy. Within less than ten weeks, he had designed and built "Miss Britain III" in conditions of great secrecy at his Hythe workshops. The result was revolutionary, with stringers of metal-reinforced wood and aluminium cladding, a single Napier Lion VIID engine, and a length of only . The attention to detail is evident in the thousands of duralumin countersunk screws with the slots all in line with the water or air flow. George Selman designed a new propellor after the existing designs proved unsatisfactory. Testing was carried out in great secrecy on Southampton Water in the early dawn.
The team sailed for America in August 1933 and the contest was held on the St. Clair River at Algonac, Michigan on 4 September. The contest was very closely fought, but Wood managed to win by a small margin, and Scott-Paine returned to Britain to a hero's welcome.
Following a fire on board which was quickly put out and the boat repaired, a record breaking attempt was made on 16 November 1933 on Southampton Water by Scott-Paine and Gordon Thomas.
"Miss Britain III" was taken to Venice in 1934 where Scott-Paine won both the Prince of Piedmont's Cup and the Count Volpi Trophy.
In 1951 Scott-Paine presented "Miss Britain III" to the National Maritime Museum where it remains on view.


Deb Covey

Debra Lee Covey-Barnett (born September 7, 1961 in Biggar, Saskatchewan) is a former field hockey midfielder from Canada, who was a member of the Women's Senior National Team from 1985 to 1994. She earned a total number of 109 international caps for her native country. She was a member of the Canadian team at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain.


Canadian Floorball League

The Floorball League of Canada is the Floorball Canada-sanctioned, elite-level national floorball league that has teams located in Ontario and Quebec.
History.
The league began through an International Floorball Federation (IFF) mandate requiring all nations participating in the Floorball World Championships 1st division to have an organized, elite-level national league competing each year. The league was created in fall 2012 in order to assure Canada's participation in the 2014 Men's World Floorball Championships.
Teams.
All teams are currently located in Eastern Canada, with the inclusion of Western teams slated for future seasons.
Champions.
2018-2019 Ottawa Blizzard
2017-2018 Ottawa Blizzard
2016-2017 Ottawa Blizzard
2015-2016 Ottawa Blizzard
2014-2015 Ottawa Blizzard
2013-2014 Cambridge Floorball Club
Finalist.
2015-2016 Club Floorball Montreal
2014-2015 Cambridge FC
2013-2014 Ottawa Blizzard FC


Yosef Yekutieli

Yosef Yekutieli (also Joseph Yekutieli; ; April 12, 1897 – September 25, 1982) was a prominent member of the international Jewish sports organisation Maccabi. He was the founder of the Maccabiah, Israel Football Association, and the Israel Olympic Committee. Yekutieli was the 1979 Israel Prize recipient for his special contribution to society and the state in sports.
Biography.
Yosef Yekutieli was born in Kartuz-Bereza in the Russian Empire (now in western Belarus). In 1909, at the age of twelve, he immigrated to Ottoman Palestine with his family. He studied at the Tachkemoni Religious School in Tel Aviv and later at the David Yellin College of Education in Jerusalem. After completing his studies Yekutieli return to Jaffa working for the Eretz Yisrael Office, later playing football for the Maccabi Tel Aviv until the outbreak of World War I.
In 1914 Yekutieli was drafted to the Turkish army and was appointed physical education instructor at the Mujahideen headquarters and at the public school in Nablus. Yekutieli served as a Turkish-German interpreter at the German transport companies K.K. 502., until being exiled to Anatolia in 1918, along with all the other Jewish military members.
At the end of the war, Yekutieli returned to Jaffa working for the Eretz Yisrael Office at the Zionist Commission and Palestine Land Development Company. For two years, he worked for the Israel Electric Corporation acquiring land rights for high-voltage power lines from Naharayim to Tel Aviv.
Following his return to Palestine at the end of war, Yekutieli operated and ran the "Maccabi" until his death. He was the driving force behind the foundation of sport institutions in Israel, including the Eretz Israel Football Association in 1928, the Federation for Amateur Sports in Palestine (now the Israeli Athletic Association) in 1931 and the Olympic Committee of Eretz Israel in 1933.
Maccabiah.
In June 1929, at the World Congress of Maccabi in Czechoslovakia, Yekutieli announced his proposal to organize the first Maccabiah, the "Maccabiada" (), in the spring of 1932, to be held in Mandatory Palestine. The road to fulfilling the vision was long and difficult. The 1932 Maccabiah Games were opened on March 28, 1932 and were held in the Maccabiah Stadium, which had been built especially for the games in the northern part of Tel Aviv. Around 400 athletes from 22 nations participated in the games, which became a recurring event every four years, except during World War II and the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
The Maccabiah Flag, a donation by Yosef and Yehudit in memory of their son Amnon, a squad commander in the Palmach who was killed during the 1948 war at the foot of the Nabi Yusha fort, was first hoisted during the 3rd Maccabiah in Ramat Gan Stadium in 1950.
Later years.
After the formation of Israel in 1948, Yekutieli was appointed as a senior official of the government's abandoned property committee. Yekutieli retired in 1966. In 1971, he released his first book, an autobiography.
Yosef married Yehudit, the daughter of Akiva Aryeh Weiss, the founder of Ahuzat Bayit, and they had four sons and two daughters. Their son, Gideon Yekutieli, was a professor of Physics at the Weizmann Institute of Science, the first Israeli nuclear physicist.
Awards and recognition.
In 1954, he was awarded the Israel Dov Hoz Prize and in 1979, he was awarded the Israel Prize for lifetime achievement in the design of sports and physical culture, promoting Israel and the establishment of international base of Israeli sports. In 1981, he was awarded distinguished citizen of Tel Aviv.
Legacy.
In June 2008, in a ceremony attended by Tel Aviv Mayor Ron Huldai, the Yosef Yekutieli street in North Port, near the first Maccabiah Stadium was named after him. In Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut, a road has been named after him. The Joseph Yekutieli Maccabi Archive at Kfar Maccabiah is also named after him.


Jean Klein (rower)

Jean-Claude Klein (born 22 June 1944) is a French rower who competed in the 1960 Summer Olympics. There, he won a silver medal in the four-oared shell with coxswain.
He is Jewish, and was born in Créteil.
In 1960 he was the coxswain of the French boat which won the silver medal in the coxed fours event.


Shark Island Challenge

The Shark Island Challenge (SIC), held near Cronulla, New South Wales, Australia, is the most celebrated World Tour event in bodyboarding since the elimination of the Teahupoo Challenge (Teahupoo) from the world bodyboarding tour.
History.
The Shark Island Challenge first started in 1997, and was a very informal and local event organized by Nathan Purcell and Mark Fordham. The championship would get increasing attention in the following years and was promoted to an international World Tour event sanctioned by the International Bodyboarding Association (IBA) in 2002, eventually turning out to be the premiere event of the tour when the Teahuppo Challenge was eliminated due to lack of financial sponsoring.
Results and conditions.
1997.
As the first Shark Island Challenge it was a very informal competition. Comments from the riders gives the notion that it was more like free-surfing. It could be argued that the low money prize and the fact that it did not scored points for the World Tour contributed to this relaxed feeling toward the competition in this year.
1998.
The second incarnation of the SIC showed bodyboarding legend Mike Stewart riding like no other. This time again the competition was on a relaxed mood, and despite the Hawaiian efforts the locals dominated the heats.
1999.
This year a promising and very anticipated swell for the beginning of June failed to show up and the competition had to be put on hold. Many stand-out invitees had to drop the contest due to previous scheduled trips (Mike Stewart, Spencer Skipper, Jeff Hubbard and Andre Botha). On Monday the 5th of July, with only six days left in the window, an unexpected 4 – 6 foot swell created perfect conditions for the Island. This was so unexpected that some prominent riders missed their heats (Steve Mackenzie, Paul Barnard and Damian King). The Island didn't break again with good condition to the end of the waiting period and the final results were taken from the first round scores. Brazilian Guilherme Tamega surfed Shark Island for the first time during the only day of competition.
2000.
With huge, very dangerous conditions on the first round, bodyboarding legend Mike Stewart dominated the competition, by maintaining a good average scoring on the second round small conditions he took the first place on this year's SIC. The locals, although yet a driving force in the competition, started to be replaced by international top bodyboarders on the top 10.
2001.
This year presented the heaviest wave conditions for a SIC ever. With former champion Mike Stewart pulling out of the competition due to family commitments, the stage was clear for the other performers. South African Alistair Taylor (bodyboarder) had to go to the hospital to check his injuries after receiving one of the worst wipeouts ever seen at Shark Island. International top bodyboarders dominated the competition with to be two-times world champion Damian King taking the lead.
2002.
This was the first year that the Shark Island Challenge was run as an International sanctioned event of the World Tour. It was the first time Guilherme Tamega went to win the title, a feat he would repeat in the following two years to become the only person ever to win two or three consecutive SIC titles. He would eventually win his sixth world title that year.
2005.
The event did not conclude due to lack of surfing conditions. On the 26th day of the waiting period, with only 2 days left to its conclusion, the event was canceled in the quarter finals with no swell forecast for the following days. The 16 competitors that reached the quarter finals shared the A$50,000 prize.


Ashleigh Brazill

Ashleigh Brazill (born 29 December 1989 in Campbelltown, New South Wales) is an Australian netball and AFL Women's player, playing both sports concurrently for Collingwood Football Club. She has played for the West Coast Fever and New South Wales Swifts previously in her netball career.
Netball career.
Domestic.
Brazill made her domestic league debut for the New South Wales Swifts in 2010. She made the move to the West Coast Fever in 2012 and made an immediate impact, winning the club's MVP for the season. Brazill suffered with injuries over the next two seasons which restricted her time on court. Despite sitting out most of the 2014 ANZ Championship season Brazill captained Western Sting, leading the Fevers' reserves team to a bronze medal in the second-tier Australian Netball League (ANL). She was also named joint Player of the Year in the 2014 Australian Netball League. She was selected as captain of the Fever for the 2015 and 2016 seasons.
She signed with the Collingwood Magpies ahead of the 2017 Suncorp Super Netball season. Brazill has been hugely influential in wing-defence for the Magpies and her good form was rewarded with the club best and fairest award for the 2018 season.
Statistics.
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2017
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2018
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2019
! colspan=2| Career
! 0/0
! 93
! 1
! 273
! 136
! 79
! 157
! 374
! 75
! 44
International.
In 2010, Brazill was one of the twelve players selected for the Australian Fast5 team. She took part in the 2011 World Netball Series in Liverpool and was Australia's best player for the series. She represented Australia again in the Fast5 series in 2013 and 2014. In 2015 Brazill was selected for the Australia national team squad and despite missing out on any game-time in the 2015 World Cup, she did make her national team debut at the end-of-year Constellation Cup. She was also a late replacement for Renae Ingles in the January 2016 tour of England.
Australian rules football career.
On 18 October 2017, she was drafted to play for Collingwood in the 2018 AFL Women's season after being selected at pick 34.
Collingwood re-signed Brazill and appointed her vice-captain for the 2019 season. Brazill had a breakout season at the club and was named in the All-Australian team at the end of the season.
Statistics.
! colspan=3| Career
! 16
! 1
! 4
! 172
! 55
! 227
! 49
! 36
! 0.1
! 0.3
! 10.8
! 3.4
! 14.2
! 3.1
! 2.1
! 2.3
Personal life.
Brazill married her long-term partner Brooke Grieves on 30 January 2016 in Western Australia. At the time same-sex marriage was not legal in Australia. The couple celebrated the birth of their son Louis in January 2020.


Kate Drohan

Kate Drohan (born December 24, 1973) is an American softball Head Coach and former collegiate right-handed outfielder and first basemen, originally from Brookfield, Connecticut. She is the current head coach at Northwestern in the Big Ten Conference. She led them to the 2006 Women's College World Series and a national runner up finish. She has mentored athletes Tammy Williams and Eileen Canney. She played for the Providence Friars from 1992-95 in the Big East Conference, where was a three-time All-Conference honoree.
Early life and education.
Drohan graduated from Providence College in 1995 with a degree biology. She played softball at Providence, where she was on the All-Big East team in 1992, 1994, and 1995.
Coaching career.
Northwestern.
Kate Drohan was promoted to head coach of the Northwestern softball program after the 2001 season, when long time head softball coach Sharon Drysdale retired.


Western States Trail Ride


Steve Krulevitz

Steve "Lightning" Krulevitz (born May 30, 1951) is an American-Israeli former professional tennis player, and current coach. Playing for UCLA, he was an All-American. He won gold medals for the United States in singles and doubles at the 1977 Maccabiah Games. He played # 1 for the Israel Davis Cup team from 1978–80. His highest World singles ranking was No. 42. He was in the top 100 on the men’s tour from 1974 to 1983.
Early life.
Krulevitz was born in Baltimore, Maryland, raised in Park Heights a few blocks from the Pimlico Race Course, and lives in Brooklandville, Maryland. He has dual American-Israeli citizenship, and is Jewish. He became a bar mitzvah at Baltimore Hebrew Congregation.
During the Holocaust, when the Nazis implemented their Final Solution to the ‘Jewish Question’, his Polish grandfather’s mother, father, sisters, brother, aunts, uncles, and cousins, 22 people in all, were shipped to the Auschwitz concentration camp were they were killed.
Early career.
From the age of eight of nine years old, he was friends with Harold Solomon (who was one year younger), with whom he later played on the pro tour. In 1967 he became the youngest Maryland State Men’s champion, at 15 years of age.
Krulevitz attended the Park School of Baltimore ('69) and won the Maryland Scholastic Association Singles Championship four times (1966-69). He was also the point guard on the school's undefeated 1969 basketball team, and played soccer and lacrosse (leading the conference in scoring in 1968). He won First Team honors in soccer and basketball in 1969. He was a member of the United States Junior Davis Cup Team.
He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Kinesiology from UCLA in 1973. There, he played for the UCLA Bruins tennis team and was named All-American in 1973, along with teammates Brian Teacher, Jeff Austin, and Bob Kreiss.
Professional career.
Krulevitz was among the top 100 players in the world for from 1974 to 1983. He turned pro in 1973, at 22 years of age. He competed in 9 Wimbledons, 13 US Opens, 8 French Opens, and 2 Australian Opens.
His career singles titles include Travemunde, Germany (1980) and Chichester, England (1981). Krulevitz's career doubles titles include the Stowe Open (with Mike Cahill) in 1979, Sarasota (with Ilie Nastase) in 1979, and Brussels (with Thierry Stevaux) in 1980. He made it to the 3rd round of Wimbledon and the French Open in 1976, and to the 3rd round of the Australian Open in 1979. In May 1982 he lost in the finals of the Tampere Open, in Finland.
In May 1974 Krulevitz defeated World # 25 Raul Ramirez in Rome, Italy. In March 1976 he beat World # 21 Vijay Amritraj in Palm Springs, California. In July 1980 he defeated World # 12 Jose Higueras in Gstaad, Switzerland. In June 1981 he beat World # 20 Adriano Panatta in Brussels, Belgium.
Krulevitz won gold medals in singles and doubles (with Larry Nagler) for the United States at the 1977 Maccabiah Games in Tel Aviv, Israel.
Davis Cup.
Krulevitz played # 1 for the Israel Davis Cup team from 1978–1980, and coached that Davis Cup team as well. He was 4–5 in Davis Cup competition for Israel. He said in 1978: "I would never live anyplace but the States, but there is definitely a part of me that has strong feelings for Israel. It is a fantastic, courageous country."
Honors.
Krulevitz was inducted into the USTA Mid-Atlantic Tennis Hall of Fame in 1993.
He was inducted into the Maryland State Athletic Hall of Fame in 2019.
Coaching.
Krulevitz's students include Gilad Bloom (Israel), Jaime Yzaga (Peru), Reed Cordish, and Vince Spadea.
He is the varsity tennis head coach at Gilman School. He led the Greyhounds to a 12th-place finish at the high school national championships in Kentucky, and a 16th-place finish at the 2016 National Invitational Boys High School Team Tennis Tournament, located in Newport Beach, California. He also led the team to six consecutive A Conference titles in the Maryland Interscholastic Athletic Association. The team set an MIAA record for most consecutive titles, set a record for most championships in the year history of the league, and set a new school record for most consecutive championships in its 60-year history.
Krulevitz founded the Krulevitz Tennis Program in 1984, with two 16-week indoor sessions for players of all ages from September through April and a 10-week outdoor camp June through August, with 90 students per week.
Writing.
Krulevitz authored "Lightning Strikes: The Life and Times of a Professional Tour Tennis Player", 2017. It describes his life growing up in Baltimore, and as a professional tennis player.


Kenwa Mabuni

 was one of the first karateka to teach karate in mainland Japan and is credited as developing the style known as Shitō-ryū. Originally, he chose the name Hanko-ryu, literally "half-hard style", to imply that the style used both hard and soft techniques. Finally, Mabuni chose Shito-ryu, the first characters of the names Itosu and Higaonna, his two primary teachers.
Early years.
Born in Shuri on Okinawa in 1889, Mabuni was a 17th generation descendant of the famous warrior Uni Ufugusuku Kenyu. Perhaps because of his weak constitution, he began his instruction in his home town in the art of Shuri-Te (首里手) at the age of 13, under the tutelage of the legendary Ankō Yasutsune Itosu (糸州安恒) (1831-1915). He trained diligently for several years, learning many kata from this great master. It was Itosu who first developed the Pinan kata, which were most probably derived from the 'Kusanku' form.
One of his close friends, Chōjun Miyagi (宮城長順) (founder of Gōjū-ryū) introduced Mabuni to another great of that period, Higaonna Kanryō (東恩納寛量), and began to learn Naha-Te (那覇手) under him as well. While both Itosu and Higashionna taught a 'hard-soft' style of Okinawan 'Te', their methods and emphases were quite distinct: the Itosu syllabus included straight and powerful techniques as exemplified in the Naifanchi and Bassai kata; the Higashionna syllabus, on the other hand, stressed circular motion and shorter fighting methods as seen in the popular Seipai and Kururunfa forms. Shitō-ryū focuses on both hard and soft techniques to this day.
Although he remained true to the teachings of these two great masters, Mabuni sought instruction from a number of other teachers; including Seishō Aragaki, Tawada Shimboku, Sueyoshi Jino and Wu Xianhui (a Chinese master known as Go-Kenki). In fact, Mabuni was legendary for his encyclopaedic knowledge of kata and their bunkai applications. By the 1920s, he was regarded as the foremost authority on Okinawan kata and their history and was much sought after as a teacher by his contemporaries. There is even some evidence that his expertise was sought out in China, as well as Okinawa and mainland Japan. As a police officer, he taught local law enforcement officers and at the behest of his teacher Itosu, began instruction in the various grammar schools in Shuri and Naha.
Shito-ryu history.
In an effort to popularise karate in mainland Japan, Mabuni made several trips to Tokyo in 1917 and 1928. Although much that was known as 'Te' (Chinese Fist) or Karate had been passed down through many generations with jealous secrecy, it was his view that it should be taught to anyone who sought knowledge with honesty and integrity. In fact, many masters of his generation held similar views on the future of Karate: Gichin Funakoshi (船越義珍)(founder of Shotokan (松濤館)),another contemporary, had moved to Tokyo in the 1920s to promote their art on the mainland as well.
During this period, Mabuni also taught many other prominent martial artists, such as Otsuka Hironori (founder of Wadō-ryū) and Yasuhiro Konishi(founder of Shindō jinen-ryū). Both men were students of Funakoshi.
By 1929, Mabuni had moved to Osaka on the mainland, to become a full-time karate instructor of a style he originally called Hanko-ryū, or 'half-hard style'. In an effort to gain acceptance in the Japanese Butokukai, the governing body for all officially recognised martial arts in that country, he and his contemporaries decided to call their art 'Karate' or 'Empty Hand', rather than 'Chinese Hand', perhaps to make it sound more Japanese. Around the same time, perhaps when first introducing his style to the Butokukai, is when it's believed the name of the style changed to Shitō-ryū, in honour of its main influences. Mabuni derived the name for his new style of Shitō-ryū from the on'yomi readings of the first Kanji character in their names, "Shi" for Ito("shi")su and "To" for Higashi("to")onna. With the support of Ryusho Sakagami (1915-1993), he opened a number of Shitō-ryū dojo in the Osaka area, including Kansai University and the Japan Karate-dō Kai dojo. To this day, the largest contingent of Shitō-ryū practitioners in Japan is centred in the Osaka area. However, Mabuni's contemporary Shinpan Shiroma remained in Shuri, Okinawa, and established Okinawan Shito-ryu.
Career.
Mabuni published a number of books on the subject and continued to systematise the instruction method. Perhaps more than any other Master in the last century, Mabuni was steeped in the traditions and history of Karate-do, yet forward thinking enough to realise that it could spread throughout the world. To this day, Shitō-ryū recognises the influences of Itosu and Higashionna: the kata syllabus of Shito-ryū is still often listed in such a way as to show the two lineages.
In his latter years, he developed a number of formal kata, such as Aoyagi/Seiryu ('Green Willow') with Yasuhiro Konishi under the assistance of Ueshiba Morihei and Meijō, for example, which were designed specifically for women's self-defence.
Later years.
Kenwa Mabuni died in 1952, and he is succeeded by his sons Kenei and Kenzo. His son Kenzo Mabuni died on 26 June 2005, and was succeeded by his daughter.


Decathlon scoring tables

The scoring tables for the decathlon have undergone continual evolution since their inception about a century ago, with several changes to both the character of the equations and the indices on which the equations are based.
Early decathlon tables.
All of the earliest attempts at formalizing decathlon scoring, from the first formal submission (prepared by the U.S. in 1884) until 1915, involved linear scoring equations. The American model was based on world records, but models concurrently used by several Nordic countries were based on their respective national records.
The decathlon was first included in the Olympic Games in 1912, requiring a uniform standard. The first Olympic tables adopted were also linear functions; they were based not on world or national records, but, rather, on the 1908 Olympic records for each of the individual events. The tables were soon updated with the 1912 Olympic records – and the universally disliked extension of event scores to three decimal places was discarded in favor of integer scores – and the tables were used thus in the next four Olympiads.
The rapid evolution of the scoring tables caused results to vary widely. For instance, Akilles Järvinen, the silver medalist in the decathlon in both the 1928 and 1932 Olympics, would have won gold in both years rather handily under most later years' scoring tables.
Tests for legitimacy.
Beginning in 1920, the IAAF considered, at least, the following criteria for a legitimate decathlon scoring table:
(1) The table should reflect the fact that, at higher levels of performance, a unit gain (such as a decrement of 0.01 second in sprint times) is more significant than at lower levels of performance, because of the physiological limitations of the human body.
(2) The scores for different events should be comparable, in a manner such that equal skill levels in different events (however difficult it is to define such a concept) are rewarded with equal point levels.
1934 scoring tables.
In 1934, the IAAF adopted a new set of scoring tables, proposed by Suomen Urheiluliitto (the Finnish athletics federation), that had already been used for a few years in national competitions in Finland. This scoring system implemented vast changes, with the following features:
(1) All of the individual events were scored with exponential functions, rather than the linear functions that had characterized all decathlon scoring tables to date. For field events, this was a straightforward statistical procedure; for track events, the reciprocal of the athlete's time, representing speed, was used as the independent variable.
(2) The tables ranged from 0 to 1150 points per event. Zero points corresponded to the performances of untrained schoolchildren, and 1000-point performances corresponded closely to world records.
1950 scoring tables.
After World War II, the Finnish and Swedish athletics federations joined forces to draft scoring tables appropriate for Olympic athletes' improved postwar performances. All of the tables remained progressive in nature; in fact, the progressive character of every one of the ten tables increased.
1962 scoring tables.
In the years following the implementation of the 1950 tables, controversy arose, in regard to the highly progressive character of the tables. Specifically, the tables conferred a distinct advantage on decathletes who were specialists in individual events, with passing, but not stellar, performances in the other events, while putting well-rounded athletes at a relative disadvantage. To remedy this problem, Axel Jörbeck, of the Swedish athletic federation, devised new tables that were actually "regressive" in throwing events, while retaining their progressive character in track events. The rationale behind the changes was the proportion between kinetic energy imparted to a throwing implement and the "square" of its initial velocity – and therefore distance travelled – so that a progressive or even linear table caused unfairly large increments in the score for throwing events.
1984 scoring tables.
By the early 1980s, more problems had been pointed out with the then-current scoring tables. Specifically, the regressive nature of Jörbeck's tables for the field events seemed to obviate the importance of elite performances in those events; decathletes' field-event performances had improved to the point where further score increments were practically negligible. Moreover, besides sapping decathletes' motivation to improve in field events, the tables also gave an unfair advantage to competitors in the track events – both because those tables were still progressive and because decathletes' performances in those events were much closer to the world records.
The IAAF working committee therefore met in 1983 in Prague to develop improved tables, putting forth the following nine principles, which still stand today:
The 1984 tables are still in use today, with a slight update in 1998 (adding entries for the long throws for odd numbers of centimeters, which were rounded to the next-lower multiples of 2 cm until 1997).


Hamad Al-Attiyah

Hamad Al-Attiyah (born 23 June 1995) is a Qatari equestrian. He competed in the individual jumping competition at the 2016 Summer Olympics.


Powelltown Tramway Rail Trail

The Powelltown Tramway Rail Trail is a trail developed in the 1970s on the route of the Powelltown Tramway in Victoria, Australia, but has since become overgrown due to lack of maintenance.


List of 2004 motorsport champions

This list of 2004 motorsport champions is a list of national or international auto racing series with a Championship decided by the points or positions earned by a driver from multiple races.


List of forms of racing

List of different forms of racing.
Running.
Running is defined in sporting terms as a gait in which at some point all feet are off the ground at the same time. This is in contrast to walking, where one foot is always in contact with the ground. The term running can refer to any of a variety of speeds ranging from jogging to sprinting. Competitive running grew out of religious festivals in various areas. The origins of the Olympics are shrouded in myth, though the first recorded game took place in 776 BCE. In Gaelic Ireland the Tailteann Games, which featured footraces, are attested from the 6th century CE; medieval chroniclers gave founding dates as early as 1829 BCE.
Orienteering.
Orienteering sports combine navigation with a specific method of travel.
Cycling.
Bicycle racing:
Animal racing.
Animal racing:
Other types.
Some races involve multiple modes of transport:
Other races may involve board or video games:


DL Debate


Portuguese Volleyball First Division

The Portuguese Volleyball First Division (Portuguese: "Campeonato Nacional de Voleibol – I Divisão") is the top men's volleyball league in Portugal. The competition, which is organised by the Portuguese Volleyball Federation, was called Honor Division (Divisão de Honra) in 1983–84 and 1986–88. Between 1997 and 2011, the League was divided into two different series, A1 and A2.
Since the 2014–15 season, the competition's champions are called "Elite Champions", while the "First Division Champion" title is disputed between the 4 losers of the play-off's first round.


Yoel Sela

Yoel Sela (יואל סלע; born June 10, 1951) is an Israeli Olympic competitive sailor. He was born in Hadera, Israel, and is Jewish.
Sailing career.
When Sela competed in the Olympics he was 5-7 (171 cm) tall, and weighed 168 lbs (76 kg).
Sela competed for Israel at the 1976 Summer Olympics with Yehuda Maayan, at the age of 25, in Montréal, Canada, in Sailing - Mixed Two Person Heavyweight Dinghy, and came in 17th. He competed for Israel at the 1984 Summer Olympics with Eldad Amir, at the age of 33, in Los Angeles, California, in Sailing - Mixed Two Person Heavyweight Dinghy, and came in 8th.
Sela competed for Israel at the 1988 Summer Olympics with Eldad Amir, at the age of 37, in Seoul, Korea, in Sailing - Mixed Two Person Heavyweight Dinghy, and came in 4th. They came very close to winning the first Olympic medal in Israeli history, missing one by 11.30 points. Their second race fell on Yom Kippur, and Israeli officials forbade them from competing that day, so they had missed that race. Had they been able to compete in the second race, they would have certainly medaled.
In 1990, Sela and Amir came in 5th in the World Championships. In 1991, they won the Italian Open and came in second in the France Open.
Sela competed for Israel at the 1992 Summer Olympics with Eldad Amir, at the age of 41, in Barcelona, Spain, in Sailing - Mixed Two Person Heavyweight Dinghy, and came in 20th.


Femmes Fatales

Femmes Fatales is an independent women's professional wrestling promotion based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. In September 2009, NCW hosted their first edition of NCW Femmes Fatales which regrouped many fighting females in North America. NCW Femmes Fatales was announced in April 2010 to be part of the Female Fight League during the 45th Edition of the Cauliflower Alley Club Reunion in Las Vegas. In November 2009, they gave an hommage to Maurice Vachon and Paul Vachon as part of a documentary tracing back Mad Dog's career.
Roster.
The following roster is correct as of "Femmes Fatales 23".


Handball positions


Gregory Kaidanov

Gregory Kaidanov (, ; born 11 October 1959) is a Soviet-born American chess grandmaster. He was inducted into the United States Chess Hall of Fame in 2013. His peak rating is 2646, achieved in 2002.
Biography and chess career.
Kaidanov is the head coach of the United States Chess School and teaches at the grandmaster level.


Viktor Krum


Bolero (horse)

Bolero (1975–1986) was a dressage horse and an influential sire. He stood .
Pedigree.
Bolero was by the English Thoroughbred stallion Black Sky, who was imported to Germany in 1972. Black Sky was a grandson of the great stallion Djebel, who also sired the very influential My Babu, a stallion seen in many show jumpers osdand hunters pedigrees in the United States. Black Sky stood at the private stud farm of Schmidt-Ankum, and his offspring were generally talented dressage horses with good rideability, but with very little jumping talent.
Bolero's dam, Baroness, was registered with the Hanoverian Verband. She was half-Thoroughbred through her sire, the large-framed stallion Bleep. Her dam's side includes Hyperion, who in turn traces to Bay Ronald. The dam-sire of Baroness was the stallion Athos, who was known as a broodmare sire of dressage horses, and her damline (Athos-Fliegerstern) also produced the stallions Grenadier, Hitchcock, and Winner.
This breeding combination of a Thoroughbred stallion to a mare that was by a Thoroughbred was prohibited by the Hanoverian studbook at the time, due to the belief that the offspring would be unsuccessful.
Pedigree for Bolero<br>
1975 Chestnut colt
Breeding career.
Bolero did only moderately well at his 100-day stallion test held at Adelheidsdorf, placing 6th out of 30 stallions with a final score of 111. He stood at Landesbrück from 1979 until his death of a heart attack at the age of 12. He only stood for 9 seasons, making his impact on the breeding of Hanoverians even more spectacular.
Influence.
Despite the relatively short breeding career, Bolero was remarkably influential on the breeding of dressage horses, although like his father, his offspring are generally poor jumpers. His high degree of Thoroughbred blood brought an elegance to his progeny, and this trend toward a lighter dressage horse has been on the rise since he stood at stud. He consistently produced offspring with good shoulders and toplines, as well as elastic and rhythmic gaits.
Bolero was the founding sire of a new B-Line in the 1990s, and produced the stallion Brentano II, who also became a foundation stallion for this line. Bolero was found to be most successful with daughters of Grande and Duellant. Breeders continue to cross the B-Line with the G- and D- lines to produce successful dressage horses, as well as those by Argus.
The stallion sired 47 licensed stallions during his time at stud, the most important being Brentano I and II, Buenos Aires, Bismark, and Beltain. As a well-known sire of sires, Bolero sons have been exported around the world. Bolero has also made a name for himself as a sire of broodmares, producing 317 mares that went on to be registered, 96 of whom earned the status of State Premium. The great success of his mares gave him a dressage ranking of 139 (against a rather poor 57 for jumping).
Sons and Daughters.
Bolero began with 5 sons attending the Verden licensing, of which 4 were selected. His offspring, known as the "Bolero Boom," continue to make their mark on the dressage scene. As of 2000, there were 412 Bolero offspring competing, with winnings of DM1,282,504. Three of his descendants medaled at the 2004 Olympics in Athens: Brentina, Bonaparte, and Beauvalais.


NBC Sports Edge

NBC Sports Edge (formerly Rotoworld) is an American fantasy sports and sports betting website. It features sports news and analysis relating to fantasy sports and sports betting, along with premium content and subscription services.
It was acquired by NBC Sports in 2006. In 2019, the site underwent a redesign with a larger focus on video content, mobile, and new search tools. In February 2021, the site was rebranded as NBC Sports Edge, carrying a larger emphasis on sports betting content, and additional promotion of NBC Sports television programming.


Surfboard lock

A surfboard lock is a device or a mechanism for securing a surfboard to prevent theft or loss. Typically surfboard locks attach to some part of the surfboard, such as the leash plug or center fin box slot. Alternately, some locking devices clamp or strap around the surfboard. Once the board is secured, the locking device attaches to some hard point like a vehicle or a non-movable object.
Background.
Many surfboard locks use wire rope or wire cable to make the connection from the interface point on the surfboard to the securing object. Some surfboards do not have a leash plug, or a fin box or both. Therefore, based upon the design of the surfboard one or more locking devices may or may not work.
A lashing device is a rope, wire cable, or strap which wraps around the board and essentially ties it up with some sort of locking device. A simple low cost way to do this is to wrap chain around the surfboard and secure it with a lock. Board clamping devices are large mechanical pencils that wrap around the board and like the lashing product secure the board by kissing it. Many times these clamping devices can be hard mounted in a truck bed or on the roof of a car to act as a carrying rack. Mechanical attachments to the board hardpoints such as the leash plug and fin box vary widely in their configuration but are generally some sort of attaching mechanism which grabs onto or into the board and then secured with a lock.


Dublin Hurler of the Year

The Dublin Hurler of the Year is an award presented to the best hurling player of the year for Dublin GAA.


Kiara Bowers

Kiara Bowers (born 16 November 1991) is an Australian rules footballer playing for the Fremantle Football Club in the AFL Women's (AFLW).
Career.
In July 2016, Bowers was announced as Fremantle's second marquee signing ahead of the inaugural AFL Women's season. However, in August 2016, 5 months before the start of the season, Bowers ruptured her anterior cruciate ligament whilst playing for the Coastal Titans in the West Australian Women's Football League. She would not play for Fremantle at all in the first two seasons of the AFLW.
She made her debut in the four point win against at Casey Fields in the opening round of the 2019 season.
She had an outstanding debut season, finishing second behind Erin Phillips in the league's player voted Most valuable player award, sixth in the AFL Women's best and fairest award, winning Fremantle's best and fairest award and being named in the 2019 AFL Women's All-Australian team. In 2020 she played in every game of Fremantle's undefeated season, winning the best player award in the first ever AFL Women's Western Derby and was again named in the All-Australian team.
Bowers continued her exceptional form into 2021, sharing the AFL Women's best and fairest award with Collingwood's Brianna Davey, being selected in her third consecutive All-Australian team, as vice-captain, and claiming the AFLW Champion Player of the Year Award.
Personal life.
Bowers is a carpenter who lives with her partner Adele and their son Nate.
Statistics.
! colspan=3 | Career
! 25 !! 6 !! 8 !! 372 !! 99 !! 471 !! 68 !! 298 !! 0.2 !! 0.3 !! 14.9 !! 4.0 !! 18.8 !! 2.7 !! 11.9 !! 34


George Gulack

George Julius Gulack (May 12, 1905 – July 27, 1987) was an American gymnast and Olympic champion. He competed at the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles where he received a gold medal in "rings".
Gulack died in July 1987 at the age of 82.


Vadym Gutzeit

Vadim Gutzeit (also Vadym Guttsayt or Vadym Markovich Hutsayt; ; born 6 October 1971 in Kiev) is a Ukrainian sabre fencer, who was team Olympic champion in 1992, and won a bronze medal in the 1991 World Fencing Championships. Since 4 March 2020, Huttsait is Ukraine's Youth and Sport Minister.
He has been an international referee for the FIE since 2002. He was inducted into the Hall of Fame of the FIE in 2013.
Fencing career.
Gutzeit took up fencing at the age of ten. He won the Ukrainian national championship when he was 15.
In 1988 he became USSR Junior Champion. He earned a gold medal in the Junior World Championships in 1989 and 1990. A year later, he won a silver medal in the same event, as well as an individual bronze medal and a team silver medal in the senior World Championships.
He took part in the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona for the Unified Team at the age of 20, and won the gold medal with them. He also competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, finishing 6th in the individual sabre event after being defeated 14–15 in the quarter-finals by Russia's Stanislav Pozdnyakov, who eventually won the competition. Gutzeit took part in his third Olympiads at the 2000 Sydney Games. Seeded No. 13, he lost 10–15 in the table of 16 to Domonkos Ferjancsik of Hungary. In the team competition, Ukraine finished 6th.
In 1999, he came in 11th at the 1999 World Fencing Championships.
Gutzeit, who is Jewish, took part in the 2001 Maccabiah Games and won the silver medal in the individual sabre. He was defeated in the gold medal final by Sergey Sharikov of Russia. Gutzeit won the gold medal at the 2005 Maccabiah Games, reaping revenge over Sharikov of Russia, as Ukraine also won the team sabre gold medal.
Gutzeit became in 2002 an international referee in foil and sabre for the International Fencing Federation. He has since officiated in many major competitions, including the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. He has also been vice-president of the Ukrainian Fencing Federation since 2000, and a member of the executive committee of the National Olympic Committee of Ukraine since 2004. He was inducted into the Hall of Fame of the FIE in 2013.
Political career.
On 9 June 2019 Gutzeit announced he would take part in the July 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election with the party Servant of the People. But 3 days later he withdrew from the election.
Since 4 March 2020, Huttsait is Ukraine's Youth and Sport Minister.


Vancouver Furious George

Furious George is an elite men's ultimate club team based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Founded in 1995, they were the open champions at the 2002, 2003 and 2005 UPA (now USA Ultimate) Club Championships. They have also won eleven Canadian Ultimate Championships: in 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2019. Furious George won gold as Team Canada (with several non-regular additions from other club teams around the country) in 1998, 2004 and 2008 at the WFDF World Ultimate Championships. In 2011, Furious George was inducted into the Canadian Ultimate Hall of Fame.


Jeff Salzenstein

Jeff "Salzy" Salzenstein (born October 14, 1973) is an American left-handed former professional tennis player. In 1986 he won the US Boys' 12 National Hard Court Tennis Singles Championship and Doubles Championship. His highest singles ranking was World No. 100 in June 2004, when he became the oldest American to break into the top 100 in men's tennis, at 30 years of age. His career-high in doubles was #68 in November 1997.
Early life.
Salzenstein is Jewish, was born in Peoria, Illinois, and lived in Englewood, Colorado. His father was a tennis coach, and his parents divorced when he was five years old.
Tennis career.
Early career.
As a sixth-grader, in addition to playing tennis the 12-year-old, five-foot tall, 85 pound Salzenstein was an A student, the president of his sixth-grade class, the editor of its newspaper, and a basketball and soccer player. In 1986 he won the US Boys' 12 National Hard Court Tennis Singles Championship (defeating Brian Dunn and Vince Spadea along the way) and Doubles Championship. He was the 13th double winner in the tournament’s 25-year history, and was also awarded the tournament’s sportsmanship award. That year he also made it to the final, where he lost in a final set tiebreaker, in the 12-and-under National Clay Courts Championship.
In 1990 Salzenstein reached the quarter finals at the Under-16 Championships, and in 1992 he was ranked second in Under-18 boys in the United States.
He attended Cherry Creek High School (class of 1992) in Greenwood Village, Colorado. As a freshman, Salzenstein played for the No. 1 singles Colorado state title, and as a sophomore he won the title. As a junior, he was 5' 7" tall and weighed 120 pounds, was the team's # 1 singles player, and was runner-up in the state singles championship. He won the singles state title as a senior, and was captain of the school tennis team. In his high school career, his record was 74-6.
College.
Salzenstein attended Stanford University on a half-scholarship, earned an economics degree, played #1 singles his sophomore, junior, and senior years for the Stanford Cardinal, and was named an All-American in tennis two years in a row. He reached the semifinals at the NCAA singles championships in 1995. He won back-to-back team national titles with the team when he was its captain in 1995 and 1996. He was PAC-10 All-Academic in 1994 (second team), and 1995 and 1996 (first team). He was named the Senior Athlete of the Year at Stanford in 1996.
Pro career.
His first USTA win was in 1996, winning doubles titles with partner Justin Gimelstob. In 1996, Salzenstein won 23 matches in a row.
At the 1997 US Open, he beat Mikael Tillström 6–4, 1–6, 7–6 (5), 7–5 in the first round. At the Roland Garros doubles event, Salzenstein and partner Petr Korda made the round of 16. That year he earned Rookie of the Year honors from "Tennis Week".
Salzenstein was injured for much of 1998 and 1999, and had surgeries before he was 24 years old on his knee and ankle. He finished his degree at Stanford at this time.
In May 2000, Salzenstein won the Tallahassee Challenger, beating Kevin Kim 6–3, 6–2. In November, he won the Urbana, Illinois Challenger, defeating Antony Dupuis 7–6 (4), 6–4 in the final. In 2001, he won the $50,000 Seascape Challenger at Aptos, California. He won at Aptos in 2003 and at León, Mexico in 2004.
Salzenstein played at the Australian Open, Roland Garros, and Wimbledon in 2004, and at the International Series Tournament at Delray Beach, where he made it to the semifinals. In November 2004, he upset world # 24 Jiří Novák) 6–3, 7–6 (3), in Luxembourg.
In 2004 he became the oldest American to break into the top 100 in men's tennis, when Salzenstein did it at 30 years of age.
At 33 years of age, Salzenstein stopped competing in tennis, and moved into coaching.
Honors.
In 2001, Salzenstein was inducted into the Colorado Tennis Hall Of Fame.
Post-playing career.
Salzenstein is a certified nutritional therapist. He is also the founder of JS Performance Tennis School in Denver, Colorado, the CEO of Tennis Evolution, and runs a YouTube tennis coaching channel that goes by the same name. Among others, he has coached Vasilisa Bardina.


Sergey Chudinov

Sergey Sergeyevich Chudinov (; born June 8, 1983 in Chusovoy) is a Russian skeleton racer who has competed since 2003.
Chudinov's best result is a victory at Lake Placid during the 2010/11 season on 17 December 2010; he also has other 3 podium finishes.
His best finish at the FIBT World Championships was 12th in the men's event at Lake Placid, New York in 2009. He qualified for the 2010 Winter Olympics where he finished 12th.
On November 27, 2017, the International Olympic Committee banned Chudinov for life from the Olympics for doping violations during the 2014 Winter Olympics and annulled his Olympic results.


Jen McIntyre

Jennifer Ann McIntyre (born October 31, 1976) is an American college softball coach, and is the former head coach of the Connecticut Huskies softball team.
Playing career.
Born in Richmond, Virginia, McIntyre graduated from Midlothian High School in Midlothian, Virginia. McIntyre played at Penn State from 1995 to 1998, where she was the starting third baseman for all four years. She was team MVP as a junior, and a captain in her senior year. She was named a 1997 Academic All-American, and was a three time Academic All-Big Ten selection. McIntyre is sixth all-time in stolen bases.
Coaching career.
In 2000, McIntyre became an assistant at Indiana, where she remained for two seasons. She then returned to her alma mater, Penn State for 12 seasons, rising to the position of associate head coach, and helping the Nittany Lions to 6 NCAA Division I Softball Championship appearances. Next, McIntyre served as associate head coach at Boston University for only one season. In that season, the Terriers won the Patriot League Softball Tournament and recorded a win in the NCAA Tournament against Louisville. On July 7, 2014, she was named head coach at Connecticut, succeeding legendary coach Karen Mullins. In her first season, the Huskies finished 18–35.


Chinese Futsal League

The Chinese Futsal League (CFL), is the top league for Futsal in China. The winning team obtains the participation right to the AFC Futsal Club Championship.


LNB Pro A

The LNB Pro A, commonly known as Pro A and for sponsorship reasons named the Jeep Élite, is the top-tier men's professional basketball league in France. The competition has existed since 1921. Since 1987, the Ligue Nationale de Basket has organized the league. The bottom two placed teams from each season are relegated to the second tier level Pro B. The winner of the play-offs of the Pro A is crowned the French national champion.
Competition format.
All 16 Pro A League teams play each other twice during the regular season. At the end of the regular season, the top eight teams qualify for the playoffs. The two teams with the worst regular season records are relegated to the 2nd-tier Pro B.
Through the 1985–86 season, the league championship was determined by a one-off final, or solely by league play. Since then, the format for the league finals has changed many times:
From the 2003–04 season, through the 2006–07 season, the Pro A League had 18 teams. Through the wild-card system, it will have 18 teams again from 2014–15 season.
Arena rules.
Currently, LNB Pro A clubs must play in arenas that seat at least 3,000 people.
Individual awards.
In each Pro A season, individual honors are given to players and head coaches who performed well during a given season. The awards that are handed out include:


Hapoel Rehovot

Hapoel Rehovot was a handball team from the city of Rehovot, Israel.
Hapoel was the biggest handball club in Israel until the mid-1980s; they won 13 championships and 5 Israeli cups. They also competed 9 times in the European Cup, but never managed to pass the second round. The last time the club competed in a European competition was in the 1995-96 EHF Cup Winners' Cup.
After some bad years in the late 1990s, the team was dissolved in 2002.


Charley White

Charley White who was born Charles Anchowitz on 25 March 1891 in Liverpool, England was considered one of the best boxers of his era. White fought from 1906 until 1923. He made one ill-fated comeback attempt in 1930, but was ignominiously TKOed by Henry Perlick, a nondescript fighter who would not have stood a chance against White in his prime. White boxed in the United States for his entire career making his home in Chicago at the age of seven. Under current rules, his championship bouts with Willie Ritchie and Freddie Welsh, where he dealt more blows would have had him winning the bouts on points and taking the world lightweight championship, but when he fought only a knockout would have allowed him to win the match and the title. In 1958, Nat Fleischer, publisher of "The Ring" magazine rated Charley White the tenth greatest lightweight of all time.
Biography.
In a nineteen year career, White fought the top contenders in each of three weight classes: Abe Attell, Johnny Kilbane, and Johnny Dundee in the featherweight division; Ad Walgast, Willie Ritchie, Freddie Welsh, Benny Leonard and Rocky Kansas in the lightweight division; and Jack Britton, and Ted Kid Lewis in the welterweight division, for a total of ten champion opponents.
Early life and career.
Charles Anchowitz was born in Liverpool England to Jewish parents who brought him to America at the age of seven. His father, a struggling tailor from Russia, settled the family in the Jewish Ghetto on Chicago's West Side, the home of many great Jewish boxers including Barney Ross and Harry Harris. At thirteen, Charles contracted tuberculosis, a not uncommon illness in the Chicago ghetto, and sustained damage to one of his lungs. His father sent him to Chicago's O'Connell's Sports Club to build up his strength. After gaining weight and working out, Charles took up boxing at the club and within eighteen months was diagnosed free from tuberculosis. At fifteen, Anchowitz changed his name to White and began his professional boxing career. His brothers Jack White and Billy Wagner were also professional boxers. Impressively, in his career, White fought world champions a total of twenty-two times.
Challenges for the feather, and light titles.
Although White never won a world championship, he fought for the title several times. His first fight against a World Champion came at age eighteen against the legendary Jewish world featherweight champion Abe Attell on December 6, 1909 in Memphis. Attell won the 8 round "newspaper decision" but had to extend himself to the limit to win over White. White landed rights and lefts to the champion's head and body, but Attell surpassed White in his use of short jabs in the infighting. The decision was unpopular with the crowd. White lost to Attell again on September 16, 1910 at the Hippodrome in Milwaukee, but got in several potent blows against a far more experienced fighter. Attell danced around the ring to gain an angle of advantage, but White showed a solid defense. As they fought at catchweights, Attell's featherweight crown was not at risk.
White lost to future champion Johnny Kilbane in a twelve round bout before 2,200 at Grey's Armory in Cleveland on December 23, 1911. The match was a contest between two of the leading contenders for the world featherweight crown. Both boxers showed great speed and technique. Kilbane would take the world featherweight title on February 22, 1912, and hold it for eleven years.
On July 4, 1913, White valiantly lost to future Welterweight Champion Jack Britton in an eighteen round technical knockout in New Orleans, Louisiana. White may have performed better in the closing rounds if not having broken a bone in his hand in the eighth round. The injury was acquired when White dealt a strong blow to Britton's face. Regardless of his injury, he put up an impressive defense, staying on his feet another ten rounds, before the referee called the bout. Britton gained an advantage from a longer reach, and from White's loss of his left hand, which dealt his left hook, one of his most powerful and effective blows.
On December 19, 1913, White defeated Ad Wolgast former world lightweight champion in a ten round newspaper decision at Dreamland Park in Milwaukee. White dominated the bout with his left hook, but Wolgast was not quite the boxer who earlier held the championship and his punches lacked steam. He had taken the world lightweight champion against Mexican Joe Rivers in July 1912, but lost it in November 1912 to Willie Ritchie. Had points determined the outcome of the fight, and if Wolgast had still held the title, White would have taken the world lightweight championship.
World light title attempt, Willie Ritchie, May, 1914.
On May 26, 1914, White fought reigning champion Willie Ritchie for the World Lightweight Championship in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in a ten round no decision bout. Though the vast majority of newspapers, including the "Milwaukee Free Press" believed White had won the match, according to the law of the Wisconsin Boxing Commission, White could only take home the championship by knocking out Ritchie. In one of his most complete victories, "The Los Angeles Times" wrote that White "defeated the champion (Willie Ritchie) so decisively that even the most prejudiced person in the world could not fail to see that he was master." Ritchie himself admitted that "White did not beat him by a wide margin", implying that his opponent had won the fight. The "Boston Globe" gave White five rounds, with only two for Ritchie, noting that White had nearly knocked out Richie in the first round. In the final rounds, particularly the tenth, Ritchie was taking most of the punishment, as White increased his winning margin. White's greatest error was his inability to follow up and end the fight after he staggered Ritchie in the first round, but when fighting a world champion a follow-up knockout can be a challenging task. In the second and third, Ritchie was able to ward off the blows of White, and some reporters credited him with only these two rounds. White was said to look far fresher at the end than Ritchie who had both eyes nearly closed, and suffered from serious damage to his face and nose.
White lost a ten round decision to exceptional New York Jewish boxing phenomenon Leach Cross on March 25, 1915, at the shrine of East coast boxing, Madison Square Garden. Cross's trademark crouch, and ability to bore in regardless of the cost, had White baffled at times during the bout, which included constant action throughout. Both boxers felt the effect of their battle by the end of the match. Cross never earned a world title, but fought the best in his career, including most of the feather and lightweight champions White fought himself.
On July 21, 1915, White lost to fellow British and Jewish lightweight Ted "Kid" Lewis, in a newspaper decision at St. Nicholas Rink in New York. Other newspapers considered the fight a draw, but admitted Lewis won at least half the rounds. Once again White's best weapon was his left hook which saved him in the tenth when it landed on Lewis's jaw. Lewis, with his dancing attack common to many English boxers of the time, landed more blows, but White's left hooks, though few in number, landed with more force and affected Lewis more. White made a better showing in the two final rounds.
World light title attempt, Freddie Welsh, May, 1916.
White also unsuccessfully challenged reigning lightweight champion Freddie Welsh for his title. White possessed a lethal left hook, but seemed to lack the killer instinct. This fault cost him in his September 4, 1916 attempt to wrest the crown from Welsh at Colorado Springs.
White appeared to have Welsh ready for a knockout in the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth rounds of their 1916 match, but failed to follow up his advantage. Welsh backpedaled against the aggressive attack of White, who scored with hooks to the head and body, when the two were not clinching. The extremely unpopular 20-round decision was awarded to Welsh, though White appeared to land more blows, causing a small riot to break out in the crowd. Both boxers clinched for a large part of the bout, which also incensed the crowd. As White threw more punches and did more damage in the fight, he would have been awarded the world lightweight championship by today's rules, winning on points. In 1916, however, a challenger to the lightweight crown had to knockout the title holder, and White did not, losing his chance to be remembered as one of boxing's best.
Light title bout with Benny Leonard.
On July 5, 1920, White lost to Jewish boxer and exceptional lightweight champion, Benny Leonard, in a ninth round knockout before an audience of 12,000 at Benton Harbor, Michigan. The fight was a careful battle of boxing strategy, and White wielded the potential for stronger punching with his left hook. Leonard may have won largely due to his faster reaction time, and reflexes against an opponent who was nearly his equal at times. He showed better speed and agility, and used footwork to gain advantages in the angle of his attack. The hard punching White knocked Leonard out of the ring in the fifth round with his left hook, but failed to follow up. Ken Blady wrote that Leonard was helped up by his brother Charley, and did not arise til the count of nine. Once again White had his opponent down, but as famed sportswriter of the day Hype Igoe wrote "White is like the artist who can't resist the temptation of stepping back and admiring his incompleted work." Leonard recovered and by the ninth, White was down five times, finally landing on the canvas for the count from a right cross from Leonard. Leonard had been looking for an opening since the eighth round, and found it after he opened White up with his left jab that led him to deal the final right cross in the ninth. For the first time in nearly 150 bouts, an opponent had knocked out White. Though he had continued to train, Leonard, the incomparable champion, may have performed better had he not had nearly five months off from prizefighting, living in Hollywood. It was one of White's better showings, as he dominated the infighting, and appeared to have thrown more punches, but he fought against an opponent who simply could not be beaten. White paid for his hesitation when Leonard KOed him in the 9th round.
Life after boxing and honors.
After retiring from boxing, White ran a successful gym that catered to wealthy women in Chicago's Loop District. He subsequently relocated to Los Angeles, and trained movie actors. In his 60s he was believed to have suffered from dementia or alzheimer's, likely from his boxing.
White died on 24 July 1959 near Los Angeles at the California State Hospital, where he had been placed three years earlier. His ring record consists of 89 wins (59 KOs), 17 losses, 5 draws, 59 No Decisions (news reports on the No Decisions yield an additional 30 wins, 21 losses, and 8 draws), and 2 No Contests. White was named to the Ring Magazine's list of 100 greatest punchers of all time, probably for his noted skill with the left hook.


WTBA World Tenpin Bowling Championships

The World Tenpin Bowling Championships is a global event that invites all countries that are members of World Bowling to participate.
Event details and history.
The first World Championships was in 1954, held in Helsinki where 58 men from 7 federations took part. The next three World Championships (1955, 1958, and 1960) only had men participating. Women first participated in the 1963 World Championships in Mexico City. From 1963 to 2003, the World Championships were conducted every fourth year. From 2005 to 2013, to accommodate the growing number of federations taking part in the World Championships, the World Championships was split into separate events for men and women. Men had their World Championships in 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2013; while the women had their World Championships in 2005, 2007, 2009, and 2011. In 2009, it was decided to re-introduce the World Championships (Men/Women Combined), to be held every fourth year with 36 countries for men and 36 countries for women. 2013 was the first combined World Championships since 2003.
Format.
The format for the championships has changed many times throughout its history. In the early years of the championships, men competed in four different categories: Doubles, 4-man team, 8-man team and masters. Up until 1963 women did not participate in the event. The first year that women did take part, they competed in 4 different categories, doubles, four-person team (European Style), four-person team (American Style) and masters. This is the only time the "European Style" has been used in the championships. In the following championships the European style four-person team was replaced with the five-person team event (American Style) and was used until 1979. Since 1979 both men and women have competed in the same events that are used in the championships today (Singles, Doubles, Trios, Five-person team event, and Masters). After the conclusion of these events, the all-events medals are presented to the top three bowlers (men/women) who have accumulated the most pinfall over the 24 games.
The medalists for these events except the Masters from 1979 to 2007 were determined by total pinfall. Beginning in 2008, a medal round was introduced for singles, doubles, trios, and 5 five person team event. The Medal round consisted of the top four qualifiers playing a knockout format to determine the medalists (1 vs 4 and 2 vs 3, winners of those matches face each other in the final). Beginning in 2017, the five-person team event was modified. Qualifying was still all five players bowl ten frames each with their scores added together to determine the overall score. In the medal round, the five players bowl a best of 3 baker format, where players bowl in order one frame each (frames 1-5) and repeat the order from frames 6-10.
The masters event has only recently changed with the onset of the championships splitting into 2 different events. Up until 2005 the top 16 would bowl a 16-game Round Robin with the top 3 bowlers after the 16 games advancing through to a stepladder final. From 2005 to 2011, the masters was played using the matchplay style, best of 5 format. From 2013-2015, the top 24 men and women in All-Events advanced to the Masters event. All players will bowl six games with the All-Events total carried forward. The top 8 after 30 games advance to seven games of round robin match play, where 20 bonus points are awarded for a won match and 10 bonus points for a tied match. The top 4 advance to the semifinals, which is a one-game match, 1 vs 4 and 2 vs 3. The semifinal losers will earn a bronze medal. The semifinal winners advance to a one-game final match to determine gold and silver medals. In 2017, the masters format (still consisting of top 24 men and women) reverted to matchplay style, best of 3.
Dual pattern format.
In 2005 the World Championships adopted the "dual pattern format" lane conditions. The two patterns are chosen from a bank of oil patterns certified by World Bowling. These oil patterns are classified as "short", "medium", and "long". Each bowler at the championships will bowl an equal number of games on the two patterns. In the masters, each match is played on alternating lane patterns with the highest seed having the choice of which pattern to start on.
The concept of having two different lane patterns is to force the bowlers to be more versatile in the championships. The two different lane patterns force the bowlers to attack each pattern from different angles, using different styles of play, such as ball speed, hand position and ball choice. It has been argued that in previous championships around the world, using one pattern for the whole event would suit certain bowlers over others, which was deemed as being unfair. It was agreed that having two different lane conditions would be a fairer way of determining the best bowlers at the championships. Many other championships around the world have also adopted this format, such as the Men's and Women's European Championships, the Asian Games, the World Ranking Masters, The Commonwealth Championships and the Asian Championships. World Bowling announced in December 2015 only one lane pattern will be used for the entirety of future World Championships, ending the dual pattern format.
Championships.
World Bowling Executive Board have awarded the 2021 Combined World Championships hosting rights to Kuwait. Hong Kong will host the Men's World Championships in 2018, and Las Vegas will host the Women's World Championships in 2019.
A new event, WTBA World Singles Championships for men and women, was held for the first time in Limassol, Cyprus from September 18–26, 2012, and will be held subsequently every four years. With this new event, WTBA will stage a World Championship event every year.
Medals history.
Medals:
Women's medal table.
As of 2019.
Men's medal table.
As of 2018.
Total medal table.
As 2019
Medal winners.
Please see List of WTBA World Tenpin Bowling Championships medalists.


Kangaroo Hoppet

The Kangaroo Hoppet is a long distance cross-country skiing race in Australia. It is held in Falls Creek, Victoria. It debuted in 1979, and is part of Worldloppet since 1991. It is held annually on the fourth Saturday of August.
The Kangaroo Hoppet event consists of three races:
History.
The Kangaroo Hoppet has its origins in the Birkebeiner Nordic Ski Club's 21 km Australian Birkebeiner, first held in 1979 in Falls Creek. The race was based on the original Norwegian Birkebeiner. In 1989, the organisation extended the race to a 42 km race, and added the 21 km race and 7 km race (which would originally be known as the Birkebeiner Lite). They then petitioned the Worldloppet in 1990 to allow a race in the southern hemisphere, and as part of its petition the race format was changed to a freestyle event. The first race as part of the Worldloppet circuit was held in 1991.


2009 Superleague Formula season

The 2009 Superleague Formula season was the second Superleague Formula championship. The series was rebranded the "Superleague Formula by Sonangol" for this season and also 2010 with the Angolan oil company becoming the title sponsor. It began on June 28 at Magny-Cours and finished on November 8 at Jarama.
The field remained at 18 clubs for the 2009 season but Beijing Guoan did not return to try to retain the title which they won with Davide Rigon in 2008, however Rigon did return in the car of Olympiacos CFP despite GP2 commitments. In Estoril, María de Villota became the first woman to race in the series and Sébastien Bourdais became the most successful racing driver to enter the series having been dropped by Scuderia Toro Rosso just weeks earlier. Bourdais described Superleague as "the best alternative to F1".
Liverpool F.C., run under Hitech Junior Team with driver Adrián Vallés, were crowned series champions for the first time at the last event of the season.
Teams and drivers.
Driver changes.
Changed teams
Entering/Re-Entering Superleague Formula
Leaving Superleague Formula


European Beach Handball Championship

The European Beach Handball Championship is the official competition for senior national beach handball teams of Europe. It was first organized by the EHF in 2000. In addition to crowning the European champions, the tournament also serves as a qualifying tournament for the World Championships.


King Levinsky

King Levinsky (10 September 1910 – 30 September 1991), also known as Kingfish Levinsky, was an American heavyweight boxer who fought during the 1930s. He was born Harris Kraków and was a member of the Kraków fish-selling family of Maxwell Street, in Chicago's old Jewish ghetto.
Professional career.
Notable opposition.
Levinsky was a rated heavyweight whose biggest wins came against ex-heavyweight champion Jack Sharkey on a 10-round decision, and ex-lightheavyweight champion Tommy Loughran, also on a decision. He was defeated twice by Primo Carnera, and also lost to Max Baer. Although he never fought for the title, Levinsky faced all of the top fighters of his era.
Levinsky is best remembered for "freezing" in his fight with Joe Louis, who knocked him out in the first round. On February 18, 1931, Levinsky also fought a 4-round exhibition with Jack Dempsey. Dempsey had embarked on a tour of exhibition bouts and was contemplating a comeback. The Levinsky fight convinced him that he was through as a fighter.
Marketability.
A May 1932 "Time Magazine" article stated: "If you defined the efficiency of a prize-fighter by his ability in the ring, Harry Krakow ('Kingfish Levinsky') would not rate better than tenth among U. S. heavyweights. Last year he had 15 fights, won only eight. If you defined efficiency as a fighter's ability to earn money at his trade, Kingfish Levinsky might rank as best fighter in the U. S. In the last 15 months, gates at his fights with Slattery, Griffiths, Camera, Paulino and an exhibition bout against Jack Dempsey have amounted to $254,124.68. He may this year earn more than Schmeling, Sharkey, Dempsey, Camera or Schaaf. Kingfish Levinsky's earning power is due partly to an engaging slapstick manner in the ring, an engaging entourage... It is due partly to the fact that most of Levinsky's fights have been in Chicago, where everyone knows that he grew up on the West Side and entered the fish-peddling business with a pushcart on Maxwell Street."
For a portion of his career, Levinsky was managed by his sister Lena (Kraków) Levy. Known as "Leapin Lena", she was a colorful character who swore like a sailor, and rooted loudly for her brother during his bouts. "Esquire" magazine, in its February 1939 issue, included an article profiling his new career as a professional wrestler.
Life after boxing.
Some remember Levinsky as the punch drunk old ex-prizefighter selling ties and watches in front of his sister's fish market on Maxwell Street in Chicago and on the streets of Miami Beach, Florida.
Levinsky was married to fan dancer Roxana Sand for just over a month in 1934.


Golden Willow (horse)

Golden Willow was the youngest horse to ever win the Badminton Horse Trials. The then-five-year-old won the first year of the event, in 1949, with rider John Shedden. Today, horses must be a minimum of seven years old to compete in the difficult competition, and most horses that compete are no younger than 10.
Golden Willow was imported from America in 1948. He began running in hunter trials, winning four his first autumn in England. The horse was very hot and quirky, but his experienced rider managed to do quite well on him. However, Shedden did take several precautions with the very strong horse: he always rode him in a gag bit while on cross-country, used a tight standing martingale, and tied a piece of string from the saddle to his belt so that if he fell off he might still have control of the horse. Despite this Golden Willow was very talented, with tremendous scope and a great jump.
Golden Willow competed in the prestigious Badminton Horse Trials in 1949, the first year of the event. There he had an impressive cross-country run, cleared the Irish Bank in a single jump, and went on to win. He returned the next year, only to finish fifth, although it is believed by some that poor time keeping robbed the horse of his second win. Kidston then sent him into training as a racehorse, which was a mistake, as the horse could not mentally take the rigors of training. On his first gallop he ran away with his jockey, and did not stop for fourteen miles, after his tendons broke down. After eighteen months of recovery, he was again sent back to train, but he simply ran away and broke down again.


Egil Gjelland

Egil Gjelland (born 12 November 1973) is a former Norwegian biathlete. He is olympic champion in the biathlon relay from the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City.
Egil Gjelland grew up in Voss, the home of many world class biathletes, and started doing biathlon at the age of 15. He first entered the national team in 1996.
Gjelland's strength is in shooting. His greatest triumphs have come on Norway's relay team, where he was a regular feature for several years, thanks to his ability to keep his cool and deliver faultless shooting. In the 2002 Olympics in Salt Lake City, he won the gold medal on the relay, together with Ole Einar Bjørndalen, Halvard Hanevold and Frode Andresen. In the Biathlon World Championship 2005 in Hochfilzen, Gjelland again helped win the relay, Norway's first relay-gold in the world championships for 38 years. He won one race in the Biathlon World Cup, the pursuit in Östersund on 17 December 2004.
Egil Gjelland is a carpenter by trade. He married fellow biathlete Ann-Elen Skjelbreid in 2002. They have one daughter, Kristi (b. 2004). They live on her home farm, Skjelbreid, in Fusa in western Norway.
Since retiring from competition Gjelland has worked as a coach with the Norwegian biathlon team, and he was appointed as head coach for the Norwegian men's biathlon squad ahead of the 2014–15 season, having previously performed the equivalent role for the Norwegian women's team. In 2018 he was announced as head coach of the Czech women's biathlon team, becoming the first foreign coach to be employed by the Czech Biathlon Association alongside countryman and assistant coach to the men's team Anders Magnus Bratli.
Biathlon results.
All results are sourced from the International Biathlon Union.
Olympic Games.
"2 medals (1 gold, 1 silver)"
World Championships.
"6 medals (2 gold, 3 silver, 1 bronze)"
Individual victories.
"1 victory (1 Pu)"