Guillaume Katz

Guillaume Katz (born 4 February 1989) is a Swiss professional footballer currently playing for Winterthur.
Career.
In 2012, Israeli club Hapoel Tel Aviv attempted to bring Katz and Danish winger David Boysen in on loan as the club was trying to strengthen their squad targeting Jewish footballers.
On May 25, 2015, Katz wore the captain's armband in his final match for Lausanne-Sport. It was reported by Swiss site, 24 heures that offers were being mulled with Polish and Israeli clubs but Katz was interested in a free transfer to the US or Canada.


Yael Segal

Yael Segal () (born 21 July 1972) is a former Israeli professional tennis player.
Segal playing for Israel at the Fed Cup has a win–loss record of 11–15.


AS Police (Gabon)

AS Police (Libreville) is a football club from Gabon based in Libreville in the Estuaire Province.
The team has played many seasons in Gabon Championnat National D1.
In 1973–1974 the club has won the Gabon Championnat National D1.
Stadium.
Currently the team plays at the Stade Omar Bongo.


PBR World Finals


Eliot Teltscher

Eliot Teltscher (born March 15, 1959) is a retired professional American tennis player. He won the 1983 French Open Mixed Doubles. His highest ranking in singles was #6 in the world and in doubles was #38 in the world.
Tennis career.
Early years.
Teltscher was born in Palos Verdes, California and lives in Irvine, California. His mother was born in Mandatory Palestine, and his father Eric, of Austrian descent, was a Holocaust survivor who immigrated to Mandatory Palestine and joined the British military, ultimately becoming an industrial engineer. He began playing tennis when he was nine, and by the time he was 17, he was ranked in the top ten in the United States junior rankings.
He attended UCLA in 1978 on a tennis scholarship, but dropped out to begin his professional tennis career.
Pro career.
In 1979, Teltscher turned pro. A worldwide top 10 player from 1980 to 1982. He reached his highest singles ATP-ranking on May 7, 1982 when he became ranked #6 in the world.
He and his partner Terry Moor made it to the finals of the French Open in 1981, and he and Barbara Jordan won the mixed doubles title in 1983. He made it to the quarterfinals at the US Open in 1980, 1981, and 1983, where each time he was defeated by Jimmy Connors. He won 10 singles titles during his professional career, which ended in 1988.
Davis Cup.
Teltscher was on the U.S. Davis Cup team in 1982, 1983, and 1985. His team defeated France in the 1982 tournament.
Coaching.
He served as a coach for Justin Gimelstob, Richey Reneberg (1997), Jeff Tarango (1995), Pete Sampras, Jim Grabb (1992), Phillip King and others.
Teltscher served as a head men's tennis coach at Pepperdine University for the 1991–92 school season, and as a tennis coach at the Manhattan Beach Country Club from 1992 to 1997.
He was a coach of the US national team from 1998 to 2001, then he became the coach to Taylor Dent.
He was named USTA Director of Tennis Operations in December 2002.
Teltscher was named the 2003 Pan American Games Men's Coach.
Jewish Sports Hall of Fame.
Teltscher, who is Jewish, was inducted into the National Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1991, into the Southern California Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1998, and into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 2009.


The Bulls of Bordeaux

The Bulls of Bordeaux (French – Les Taureaux de Bordeaux) is a series of four lithographs featuring scenes of bullfighting by the Spanish painter and printmaker Francisco Goya, produced in 1825 during his exile in France. Unlike the series "La Tauromaquia" which dealt with the performers in bullfighting, "The Bulls of Bordeaux" deals with bullfighting as a popular spectacle.
History.
After the French invasion of May 1823 by the Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis ended the Trienio Liberal and restored the absolute rule of Ferdinand VII, there was repression of liberals who had supported the constitution of 1812. Because of this repression Goya moved to France, though to retain his position and salary as court painter he lodged a formal request for six months leave to go to the spa at Plombières-les-Bains, eventually settling in Bordeaux where he would spend the rest of his life. When Goya arrived in France he was described by a friend as 'deaf, old, slow and weak and without knowing a work of French, and so content and eager to see the world! In Bordeaux Goya no longer took commissions, but painted his friends, made a series of watercolour miniatures on ivory, continued to fill his sketchbooks and experimented with lithography. Though Goya had first experimented with the relatively new printing medium of lithography in 1819, he would make his greatest achievement in the medium in Bordeaux under the direction of the master printer, Cyprien Gaulon.
From November to December 1825, Gaulon printed an edition of 100 large folio prints of what was originally titled Courses de taureaux ("Bullfights"). It would receive the name by which it is today known from Paul Lefort in 1868. The series was intended by Goya as a commercial venture but this was unsuccessful, partly because of Goya's expressive use of the form was radically different from the tidy appearance of most lithographs of the time. A sense of Goya's working methods can be gained from Goya's companion and assistant in Bordeaux Antonio Brugada
As with many of his final works, Goya here returns to bullfighting. These also include his "Portraits of the Ferrers" (a Spanish family living in Paris) and "Bullfight" ("Course de taureaux"), both produced in Paris in 1824. Charles Baudelaire referred to the series as "admirable plates, vast pictures in miniature".
Description.
The first print, "El famoso Americano, Mariano Ceballos" shows the Spanish-American matador Mariano Ceallos, who was famous for fighting one bull from atop another, a move that would eventually cost him his life. In "Bravo toro", Goya uses expressive strokes and semi-abstracted form to depict a picador being gored by a bull. The third print, "Dibersión de España", shows the beginning of a fiesta when the bulls run free and foolhardy amateurs charge the ring. In "Plaza Partida", Goya uses multiple focal points to re-create the visual stimulation that would have been experienced by a witness to the spectacle of a divided arena.


English public school football games

During the early modern era pupils, former pupils and teachers at English public schools developed and wrote down the first codes of football, most notably the Eton College (1815) and Aldenham school (1825) football rules. The best-known of these is rugby football (1845). British public schools football also directly influenced the rules of Association football.
Private schools ("public schools" in England and Wales), mainly attended by boys from the more affluent upper, upper-middle, and professional classes, are widely credited with three key achievements in the creation of modern codes of football. First, the evidence suggests that, during the 16th century, they transformed the popular, but violent and chaotic, "mob football" into organised team sports that were beneficial to schoolboys. Second, many early references to football in literature were recorded by people who had studied at these schools, showing they were familiar with the game. Finally, in the 19th century, former English public school boys, in a meeting organised by two old-boys of Shrewsbury, were the first to write down formal codes of rules in order to enable matches to be played between different schools. These versions of football rules were the basis of both the Cambridge Rules and the subsequent rules of association football, of which only one copy survives in the library of Shrewsbury.
History of football.
14th century.
That ball games were probably played at English public schools from earliest times is suggested by early references to such games being played by students at university. In later centuries there is no doubt that football games played at school were taken by former students to university. The earliest reference to ball games at English Universities comes from 1303 when "Thomas of Salisbury, a student of Oxford University, found his brother Adam dead, and it was alleged that he was killed by Irish students, whilst playing the ball in the High Street towards Eastgate". The earliest specific reference to football (pila pedalis) at university comes in 1555 when it was outlawed at St John's College, Oxford. Similar decrees followed shortly after at Cambridge University.
15th and 16th centuries.
The first direct evidence that games probably resembling football were being played at English public schools comes from the "Vulgaria" by William Horman in 1519. Horman had been headmaster at Eton (1485/6–1494/5) and Winchester College. His Latin textbook includes a translation exercise with the phrase "We wyll playe with a ball full of wynde", a rough translation of the original Latin "Lusui erit follis pugillari spiritu tumens", which Francis Peabody Magoun translated as "In sport we shall have a ball inflated with air to kick". Even as early as 1519, Horman shows us that he was well aware of the value of sports to children's education and the need to temper their enthusiasm in order not to affect their studies: "There muste be a measure in gyuynge of remedies or sportynge to chyldren, leste they be wery of goynge to theyr boke if they haue none, or waxe slacke if they haue to many".
This conflict was discussed further by Christopher Johnson who was headmaster at Winchester in the 1560s, but clearly remained a dilemma for public school masters right up to modern times. Christopher Johnson mentions the activities which he enjoyed when a scholar at Winchester himself between 1549 and 1553. He says that he: "cared much more for balls, quoits and tops than he did for books and school".
Sir Henry Wotton who was at Winchester in the 1560s under Christopher Johnson makes reference to the English word "football" in one of his poems.
Richard Mulcaster, a former student at Eton and later headmaster at Merchant Taylors' School (1561) and St Paul's School (1596) has been described as "the greatest sixteenth Century advocate of football". He tells us that towards the end of the 16th century football in England had grown to "greatnes ... [and was] much used ... in all places". Mulcaster's unique contribution is not only referring to "footeball" by its correct English name but also providing the earliest evidence of organised team football. Mulcaster confirms that his was a game closer to modern football by differentiating it from games involving other parts of the body, namely "the hand ball" and "the armeball". He referred to the many benefits of his "footeball" in his personal publication of 1581 in English entitled 'Positions Wherein Those Primitive Circumstances Be Examined, Which Are Necessarie for the Training up of Children'. He states that football had positive educational value and it promoted health and strength. Mulcaster's discussion on the merits of football was the first to refer to teams ("sides" and "parties"), positions ("standings"), the benefits of a referee ("judge over the parties") and a coach "(trayning maister)". Although it is not explicitly mentioned, passing of the ball is strongly implied by the reference to different positions on the field. Mulcaster describes a game for small teams that is organised under the auspices of a referee (and is therefore clear evidence that his game had evolved from disordered and violent "mob" football): "Some smaller number with such overlooking, sorted into sides and standings, not meeting with their bodies so boisterously to trie their strength: nor shouldring or shuffing one another so barbarously ... may use footeball for as much good to the body, by the chiefe use of the legges". As a result of his enthusiasm for the sport and his accurate description of the modern game Richard Mulcaster is considered the father of early modern football.
In 1591, it is clear that ball games were being played at Lyon's Free Grammar School in Harrow'. He says that "upon Thursday only sometimes when the weather is fine, and upon Saturday, or half-holidays after evening prayer. And their play shall be to drive a top, to toss a handball, to run, or to shoot".
17th century Scotland.
There is evidence that the modern game as we know it where "hand tossing“ was disallowed and where a player "kept goal" was actually invented at Aberdeen Grammar School in Scotland, in the mid 17th century. In 1633 (cited in other references as 1636), David Wedderburn, a teacher from Aberdeen, mentioned elements of football games in a short Latin textbook called the "Vocabula". Wedderburn cites phrases that school boys might use during their game. The text below is given in two forms: Francis Peabody Magoun's 1938 original (and more literal) translation and then Marples 1956 version. It is noteworthy that Magoun does not use the word to "pass".
Let us choose sides//Let's pick sides.
pick your man first//You have first choice.
Those on our side come here//Those who are on our side, come over here.
How many are against us?/How many are there in the other team?
Kick out the ball so that we may begin the game/Kick off, so that we can begin the match.
Come, kick it here/Pass it here.
You keep the goal/You keep goal.
Snatch the ball from that fellow if you can/Get hold of the ball before he does, if you can manage it.
Come, throw yourself against him/Go on, intercept him.
Run at him/Charge him.
Kick the ball back/Pass the ball back.
Well done. You aren't doing anything/Well done! You’re slacking.
To make a goal/To score a goal.
This is the first goal, this the second, this the third/This is the second, this the third goal.
Drive that man back/Keep him out, otherwise the other side wins.
The opponents are, moreover, coming out on top, If you don't look out, he will make a goal/If you’re not careful, he’ll score in a minute.
Unless we play better, we'll be done for/If we don’t play better, we’re done for.
Ah, victory is in your hands/Hi! You’re the winners.
Ha, hurrah. He is a very skilled ball player/Hurrah! He’s a very good player.
Had it not been for him, we should have brought back the victory/If it has been for him we should have won.
Come, help me. We still have the better chance/Come on, help me. We still have a better side?"
Wedderburn's Latin book is an early reference to what has been rendered in the second version of the translation as "passing" the ball. The word "passing" is not used explicitly: the original Latin states "huc percute" (strike it here) and "repercute pilam" (strike it back - or again). The original word translated as "goal" is "metum", literally meaning the "pillar at each end of the circus course" in a Roman chariot race. The sentence given as "intercept him" in the second translation above is translated in the original as "Throw yourself against him" (Age, objice te illi). There is a reference to "get hold of the ball before [another player] does" or to "snatch" it (Praeripe illi pilam si possis agere) suggesting that handling of the ball was allowed. It is clear that the tackles allowed included the "charging" and pushing/holding of opposing players ("Keep him out" above, "drive that man back" in the original, "repelle eum" in original Latin). This game is likely to have been similar to rugby football. Contrary to press reports in 2006 there is no reference to game rules, marking players, team formations, or forward passing. This text was described in 2006 as "an amazing new discovery" but has actually been well documented in football history literature since the early 20th century and available on the internet since at least 2000. It confirms that organised football games in the 17th century were not confined to English Schools. (An earlier description of goals, defending goals and passing the ball comes from Carew's account of Cornish Hurling).
The next specific mention of football at public schools can be found in a Latin poem by Robert Matthew, a Winchester scholar from 1643 to 1647. He describes how "...we may play quoits, or hand-ball, or bat-and-ball, or football; these games are innocent and lawful. ..". That football at winchester was "innocent and lawful" at this time is very noteworthy. This is strongly supportive of the fact that by the mid-17th century football and other ball games in English public schools had been tamed. "Nugae Etonenses" (1766) by T. Frankland also mentions the "Football Fields" at Eton.
A more detailed description of football is given in Francis Willughby's Book of Sports, written in about 1660. This account is particularly noteworthy as he refers to football by its correct name and is the first to describe the following: goals and a pitch ("a close that has a gate at either end. The gates are called Goals"), tactics ("leaving some of their best players to guard the goal"), scoring ("they that can strike the ball through their opponents' goal first win") and the way teams were selected ("the players being equally divided according to their strength and nimbleness"). He is the first to describe a law of football: "They often break one another's shins when two meet and strike both together against the ball, and therefore there is a law that they must not strike higher than the ball". His account of the ball itself is also very informative: "They blow a strong bladder and tie the neck of it as fast as they can, and then put it into the skin of a bull's cod and sew it fast in". He adds: "The harder the ball is blown, the better it flies. They used to put quicksilver into it sometimes to keep it from lying still". His book includes the first (basic) diagram illustrating a football pitch. Willughby's link with the public school system was that he had studied at sutton coldfield school, was a student at Cambridge University and frequented the Bodleian library at Oxford university.
18th century.
In 1710, football was recorded as being played on the green at Westminster school.
19th century.
The earliest versions of any football code rules were written down in the early 19th century, most notably by Eton College (1815)
and Aldenham School (1825).
By the early 19th century, (before the Factory Act of 1850), most working class people in Britain had to work six days a week, often for more than twelve hours a day. They had neither the time nor the inclination to engage in sport for recreation and, at the time, many children were part of the labour force. Feast day football on the public highway was at an end. Thus the public school boys, who were free from constant toil, became the inventors of organised football games with formal codes of rules. These gradually evolved into the modern football and rugby games that we know today.
The boom in rail transport in Britain during the 1840s meant that people were able to travel further and with less inconvenience than they ever had before. Inter-school sporting competitions became possible. While local rules for athletics could be easily understood by visiting schools, it was nearly impossible for schools to play each other at football, as each school played by its own rules.
Rugby football.
William Webb Ellis, a pupil at Rugby school, is said to have "showed a fine disregard for the rules of football, as played in his time" by picking up the ball and running to the opponents' goal in 1823. This act is popularly said to be the beginnings of Rugby football, but the evidence for this bold act does not stand up to close examination and most sports historians believe the story to be apocryphal. In older forms of football, handling the ball was allowed, or even compulsory; for example, the English writer William Hone, writing in 1825 or 1826, quotes the social commentator Sir Frederick Morton Eden, regarding "Foot-Ball", as played at Scone, Scotland:
In 1845, three boys at Rugby school, William Delafield Arnold, W. W. Shirley and Frederick Hutchins, were tasked with codifying the rules then being used at the school. This further assisted the spread of the Rugby game.
During the early 19th century the Rugby school rules appear to have spread at least as far, perhaps further, than the other schools' games. For example, two clubs which claim to be the world's first and/or oldest football club, in the sense of one which is not part of a school or university, are both strongholds of rugby football: the Barnes Club, said to have been founded in 1839, and Guy's Hospital Football Club, reportedly founded in 1843. Neither date nor the variety of football played is well documented, but such claims nevertheless allude to the popularity of rugby before other modern codes emerged.
The first inter-school match was played between Cheltenham College and Rugby school,
surprisingly the victors being Cheltenham College, still a prolific rugby school.
First played in 1864 the Clifton v Marlborough game lays claim to being the first inter-school Rugby fixture. The fixture continues today and the winning side is presented with the Governor's Cup. The Cup was once a polo trophy of the Governor of Jamaica.
The great majority of public schools now play rugby football as a major sport.
Association football.
Football had come to be adopted by a number of public schools as a way of encouraging "esprit de corps", competitiveness and keeping youths fit. Each school drafted their own rules to suit the dimensions of their playing field. The rules varied widely between different schools and were changed over time with each new intake of pupils. Soon, a number of schools of thought about how football should be played emerged. Some schools favoured a game in which the ball could be carried (as at Rugby, Marlborough and Cheltenham).
Others preferred a game where dribbling the ball was promoted (in particular Eton, Shrewsbury and Harrow). This kind of dribbling "foot" ball with a tight off-side rule is still played today as the Eton field game. A third group including Westminster and Charterhouse pursued a game that excluded handling the ball. There is some evidence that this also became a passing game which importantly allowed the forward pass known as "passing on".
The division into these camps was partly the result of circumstances in which the games were played. At Charterhouse and Westminster, both schools at the time played on restricted sites in London, the boys were confined to playing their ball game within the cloisters making the rough and tumble of the handling game difficult. At Forest School, Walthamstow, matches were played on The Common where chestnut trees and iron railings bounding the playing field were in play. Most of the founding members of The Football Association in 1863 were former schoolboys at these public schools. Punch referred to them as "Public School professors of the art [of football]".
This led to a conflict in the way that Association football should be played. Some committee members favoured the rules of Charterhouse and Westminster School and pushed for a passing game, in particular rules that allowed forward passing ("passing on"). Other schools (in particular Eton and Harrow) favoured a dribbling game with a tight off-side rule (such that all players must remain behind the ball). By 1867 the Football Association had chosen in favour of the Charterhouse and Westminster game and adopted an off-side rule that permitted forward passing. The modern forward-passing soccer game was thus born, as a direct consequence of Charterhouse and Westminster Football.
The earliest known matches involving public schools are as follows:
Between the Wars a substantial number of independent schools switched codes from soccer to rugby, but this trend did not continue, and at least one, City of London School, switched from rugby to soccer a few years ago. In addition, many independent schools now offer both codes, and in some schools, including Eton, Winchester, Charterhouse and Westminster, association football is a major sport.
Other codes.
Three schools maintain their own football games: the Field Game and the Wall Game at Eton; Harrow Football; and Winchester Football.
School Football games also had an influence on the origins of Australian rules football. The earliest recorded football matches in Australia were English school football matches. The game played in 1858 between Melbourne Grammar and Scotch College is officially acknowledged as the first game of Australian rules football, and the annual game between these schools, now known as the Cordner-Eggleston Cup, is the longest-running school fixture of any of the world's football codes.
Contributions to the rules.
Offside.
Each of the English public school games had its own offside rule. Many of these completely prevented forward passing. The 1847 rules of Eton College, however, were probably the first to resemble the modern game, stating:
"A player is considered 'sneaking' when only three or less than three of the opposite side are before him and the ball behind him, and in such a case, he may not kick the ball."
This is noteworthy as it allowed players to receive a forward pass if more than three opponents were between them and the opponents' goal line.
Dribbling, passing, "scientific football" and the "combination game".
Dribbling and passing of the ball (including forward passing) are all parts of public school games. In addition, the introduction of the FA rules that allowed both dribbling and forward passing of the ball were instigated by former public school boys. These key elements of modern Association football were taken from the various versions of public school football. Dribbling was a key part of the Eton game and passing, in particular forward passing ("passing on") was argued for by representatives of Charterhouse during the establishment of the Football Association rules in the 1860s. These features of modern soccer had been integrated into the Football Association rules by 1867 and were the consequence of English public school games.
In 1856 Lancing College created its own code of football which was regarded as a means of fostering teamwork.
"Scientific" football is first described in 1862 at Rugby School: here one could see "scientific play", magnificent "drops" and "gallant run ins". It is uncertain if the drops and run-ins constituted what the author meant by "scientific", however it is made clear that this playing style was distinctly less "vicious" than in the past. Clearly there was something systematic about scientific rugby. Further references to scientific play come in match accounts in the 1860s, including to games under the Association rules.
Certain football historians correctly point out that the forward pass is not permitted in rugby football and therefore see the emergence of the forward pass as a critical development in the evolution of association football (and for this reason do not acknowledge the role of the public school games). They forget, however, that passing the ball forward by "kicking" is not only completely legal in Rugby but also is a regular tactic employed in most matches—particularly in open, running play. For this reason the public school games can claim to be origin of the forward-passing game. Passing the ball continues to this day in surviving traditional public school football games. Even in Harrow Football, which is essentially a dribbling game, the ball may be chipped into the hands of a team-mate.
Most notably the "Combination game" (the predecessor of the modern style of football involving a lot of player to player passing) is believed to have been invented by the Royal Engineers A.F.C. in the early 1870s. Nearly all of these players were from English public schools.
Kicking off from the centre.
This was a key feature of the football codes of Harrow and Rugby.
Goal crossbar.
The cross bar to the football goal was a feature of the Eton game and was noteworthy as the ball had to pass under the bar (instead of over it, as in Rugby football). The later included both crossbars and half time and free kicks were introduced to their code in 1866 or before. In Harrow football, however, there is no crossbar, quite literally two rugby posts without their crossbar. A base is scored when the ball is hit between the posts.
Team size.
Eleven or fifteen players per side was a feature of football at Eton and Winchester.
The football season.
Evidence for the establishment of the football season at English public schools comes in "Bentley's miscellany" (1844).
In a chapter entitled "Eton Scenes and Eton Men" the seasonal sports cycle is described thus:
"Tamer boys play at cricket in the Summer and Hockey in the Winter; but the manlier youths pull in the boats during the Summer and play at Football in the winter". See also the quotation below which confirms that the football season began in Autumn. This is noteworthy because traditionally football had been played in England during Shrovetide.
Games between clubs.
School football clubs (and other sports) were a central part of life at 19th century English public schools. In "Five years at an English University" (1852), American Charles Bristed describes his time at Cambridge University in the 1840s. During a discussion on Eton and Rugby School (drawn upon letters from former students there) he states: "[A boy is] proud of the house he belongs to as a man of his college; though in cricket and football clubs, in regular "long boats" and aquatic sweepstakes, in running and leaping races, he competes with the whole school, yet he belongs to a football club in the autumn, which includes the twenty or thirty boys boarding in his own house and thus matches are made between houses as between colleges". Significantly this shows evidence of the first organised competitions between football teams not just within schools but between them. For competitions to take place between colleges it would clearly require some agreement over rules of the game. This necessity, combined with the availability of sufficient time and money to pursue the sport, was the driving force that led to the creation of modern football rules by people who had studied or taught at English public schools and universities. This quotation also points to the establishment in English public schools of the "football season" which to this day begins without fail in Autumn.
Team colours.
The earliest evidence of coloured shirts used to identify football teams – the tradition of wearing distinctive team strips (i.e. uniforms) — comes from early English public school football games, for example an image of Winchester football from before 1840 is entitled: "A 'Hot' at Foot Ball. The commoners have red and the college boys blue jerseys".
House sporting colours are mentioned in Rugby football (rule XXI) as early as 1845: "No player may wear cap or jersey without leave from the head of his house". Similarly, in 1848 it was noted at Rugby that "Considerable improvement has taken place in the last few years, in the appearance of a match... in the use of peculiar dress consisting of velvet caps and jerseys". The use of coloured shirts at Winchester college are confirmed again in 1859: "Precisely at twelve o'clock, according to good old custom, the blue jerseys of college and the red of commoners mingled in the grand commencing 'hot'".
At soccer, Winchester wear dark blue shirts to signify their connection with Oxford University, specifically New College, and Eton light blue, since they are linked to King's College, Cambridge.
Half-time.
The division of the game into two-halves was initiated to allow games between schools. The rules of one school would be played by for the first half, and the rules of the other school in the second half. Changing ends at half time (if no goals had been scored) was part of the following schools codes: Brighton, Eton, Rossall, Sheffield, Winchester. Other schools changed every time that side scored (Cheltenham, FA, Harrow, Marlborough, Rugby, Shrewsbury, Uppingham schools)
Substitutes.
The origin of football substitutes goes back to at least the early 1860s as part of English public school football games. The original use of the term "substitute" in football was to describe the replacement of players who failed to turn up for matches. For example, in 1863, a match reports states: "The Charterhouse eleven played a match in cloisters against some old Carthusians but in consequence of the non-appearance of some of those who were expected it was necessary to provide three substitutes." The substitution of absent players happened as early as the 1850s, for example from Eton where the term "emergencies" is used Numerous references to players acting as a "substitute" occur in soccer matches in the mid-1860s where it is not indicated whether these were replacements of absent players or of players injured during the match.
The throw-in.
The modern throw-in comes from the 19th century English public school football games. In these codes of football a variety of methods of returning the ball into play from touch were used. The modern throw-in draws upon various aspects of a number early English school games. For example, returning the ball by throwing it out was part of the Rugby and Cheltenham football rules. Like the modern association football throw-in the direction was not specified. The Sheffield rules instigated the throw in of the ball at right angles by the opposite side to the one that played it into touch. The two handed throw in is part of rugby union football—see "line out". That the first side reaching the ball must throw it out (at right angles, in this case) was part of the Football Association rules and the Rossall rules. The 1863 Cambridge Rules state that "In a match when half the time agreed upon has elapsed, the side shall change goals when the ball is next out of play".


Lillian Copeland

Lillian Copeland (November 24, 1904 – July 7, 1964) was an American track and field athlete, who excelled in weight throwing. She has been called "the most successful female discus thrower in U.S. history", and also held multiple titles in shot put and javelin throwing.
Until the Beijing Games, she was the only American woman to win the discus throw at a modern Olympiad. She was also the first Olympian who was an alumna of the University of Southern California and Los Angeles High School.
Early life.
Copeland was born Lillian Drossin to Polish-Jewish immigrants in New York. Her father died when she was young, and after her mother remarried they moved to Los Angeles and changed their last names.
Athletic career.
Copeland competed during the formative decades of women's competition in track and field. Consequently, her accomplishments are not fully described by the two medals she won in the discus throw. She excelled in all throwing events; in the shot put, she won the AAU championships 5 times (1924–28, 1931). In addition, she won the AAU discus throw title in 1926 and 1927, and the javelin throw title in 1926 and 1931. In the latter event, she broke the world record three times in 1926 and 1927. According to the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame, she is said to have set the world record six times "each" in shot put, javelin and discus from 1925–1932. However, according to the USATF Hall of Fame, she only held one world record, in javelin throw. It is unclear why the two sources are so radically different in their accounts.
Olympics.
The 1928 Summer Olympics were the first Olympics to include women's track and field events. In weight throwing Copeland could only compete in the discus throw, because the shot put and javelin throw were not yet on the program (they would follow in 1948 and 1932, respectively). Prior to the Olympiad, she ran the lead leg in the relay in the 1928 Olympic trials. In so doing, she helped the US Women's team set a new record in the event of 50.0 seconds, and actually qualified for the Olympics in that event. Sources disagree, however, whether it was a world or US national record.
Once in Amsterdam, however, she only competed in the discus throw, where she finished second to Poland's Halina Konopacka. Because it was the first time the event had been held, she was the sport's first silver medalist.
Returning to America, she enrolled in the University of Southern California law school, and became less focused on sports. Nevertheless, she made the 1932 Olympic team for the discus throw. Competing in her home town, she moved into gold medal position with her last throw. That throw of was also a new world record. This also meant that it was a new Olympic Record, bettering Konopacka's mark in Amsterdam.
Although she had begun preparations to defend her Los Angeles gold at the Berlin Games, she ultimately chose to boycott them. As a Jew, she was strongly opposed to Adolf Hitler's edict barring Jews from the German Olympic team. Consequently, Copeland's appearance at the 1935 Maccabiah Games — where she won the titles in her three events — proved her final major competition.
Halls of fame.
In view of her contributions to women's track and field, she was made a posthumous member of the USATF Hall of Fame, the Helms Athletic Hall of Fame and the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. In 1990 she was inducted into the Southern California Jewish Sports Hall of Fame.
Later career.
Copeland's main career off the field was law enforcement. She worked at the Los Angeles Sheriff's Department until 1960.


Drew League

The Drew League is a pro–am basketball league held every summer in Los Angeles, California. Established in 1973, the league has grown in popularity over the years, with NBA players regularly participating in its games.
History.
The Drew League was founded in 1973 by Alvin Wills, who worked at Charles R. Drew Middle School, and initially counted 6 teams. The league rose in popularity over the 1980s, with an expanding number of teams (10 in 1985, 14 in 1988) and several high-profile high school, college and professional players participating in the games. In 1987, Casper Ware Sr. scored 47 points in the Drew League championship game. In 1990 Ed Reed established the all-time high for points scored in a single game with 64. During the 1992 Los Angeles riots, the Drew League organizers decided to keep the league open, offering support to the South Central Los Angeles community.
During the 2011 NBA lockout, the Drew League saw an increase in popularity due to a higher number of NBA players participating, looking for a place to compete during the summer. The attendance rose to 800 per game. Over the years, players from various countries such as China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan and Spain participated in the Drew League. In 2012, to face the increased number of people attending, the Drew League moved from Leon H. Washington Park gym to King/Drew Magnet High School. In 2013 Nike started to sponsor the league. In 2016, the average attendance was 1,100. In 2017 the Drew League was featured in the basketball video game "NBA Live 18". Since its foundation, more than 20,000 players have participated in the league. As of 2019, 24 teams compete in the Drew League, with the highest number of participating teams being 28 in the previous seasons.
The 2020 season was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


Bruno Moretti (Paralympian)

Bruno Moretti is a former Australian Paralympic competitor. His spine was dislocated while he was being delivered at birth. .
He won a silver medal in men's class b table tennis at the 1960 Rome Paralympics with Bill Mather-Brown. At the 1968 Tel Aviv Paralympics, he won a gold medal in the Men's Slalom A event and two silver medals in the Men's 100 m Wheelchair A and Men's 4x40 m Relay open events; he also participated in table tennis events and in the Australia men's national wheelchair basketball team. He coached Australia's wheelchair basketball team at the 1984 New York/Stoke Mandeville Paralympics.


Andy Gruenebaum

Andy Gruenebaum (; born December 30, 1982) is a retired American professional soccer goalkeeper. He was selected by the Columbus Crew with the third overall pick in the 2006 MLS Supplemental Draft. He made his MLS debut in 2006.
Career.
Amateur.
Gruenebaum, who is Jewish, is an Overland Park, Kansas, native. He was an All-American at Blue Valley North High School. He attended the University of Kentucky, where he recorded 21 shutouts in 66 collegiate games. Gruenebaum earned All-Conference honors and picked up the nickname “The Hebrew Hammer.”
Prior to his senior season, Gruenebaum starred for the Des Moines Menace in the USL Premier Development League and was named MVP of the 2005 PDL championship as the Menace won their only title.
Professional.
Gruenebaum was selected by the Columbus Crew with the third overall pick in the 2006 MLS Supplemental Draft. He made his MLS debut in May 2006 when Jon Busch suffered a knee injury in a match against D.C. United and started the final two matches of the season.
He started ten matches in the 2007 season, earning his first two career shutouts in back-to-back matches in April. However, his playing time gradually decreased as Will Hesmer established himself as the starting goalkeeper. He made just one league start in 2008 as the Crew won the Supporters' Shield and MLS Cup.
Playing time remained sporadic due to the presence of Hesmer and Gruenebaum's own injuries, but he finally enjoyed a breakout season in 2012, starting 33 matches (including eight shutouts) as Hesmer missed time with injuries. He continued to start in 2013 despite missing time due to injuries.
Following the 2013 season, Gruenenbaum was traded to his hometown club, Sporting Kansas City, in exchange for a 2nd-round pick in the 2016 MLS SuperDraft. After one season in Kansas City, Gruenenbaum's 2015 contract option was declined and he entered the 2014 MLS Re-Entry Draft. He was selected in stage one of the draft by San Jose Earthquakes. However, Gruenenbaum instead opted to retire and take a role as a broadcaster with Sporting.
Career statistics.
"Sources:"


Billiard Congress of America

The Billiard Congress of America (BCA) is a governing body for cue sports in North America (here defined as the United States and Canada exclusively), the regional member organization of the World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA). It was established under this name in 1948 as a non-profit trade organization in order to promote the sport and organize its players via tournaments at various levels. The BCA is headquartered in Broomfield, Colorado. The voting members of the organization are mostly equipment manufacturers.
The BCA publishes a rule book that includes rules merged with the WPA World Standardized Rules for games such as nine-ball, eight-ball, and straight pool, as well as rules for other games that are not presently the subject of international competition, such as cowboy pool, rotation, American snooker, and Chicago among many others. The BCA holds an annual trade show, the International Billiards & Home Recreation Expo. Also annually, it inducts great players, and those who have made great contributions to the sport, into the BCA Hall of Fame.
History.
The origins of the BCA began with the National Billiard Association of America (NBAA), founded July 25, 1921. The organization rapidly became the "de facto" governing body of the sport in the United States, with 35,000 members by 1928, and was closely tied to the Brunswick-Balke-Collender company, a major equipment manufacturer. After a decline in influence in the late 1930s, in part owing to a dispute with world carom billiards champion Willie Hoppe, the NBAA reformed in 1941 as the Billiard Association of America (BAA). Headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, and calling itself "the Governing Body of Billiards", the BAA produced a concise, portable, inexpensive rulebook of carom and pool games that was to serve as the model for future BCA releases. The BAA in turn became the BCA in 1947. The BCA formed with, and for several years shared offices with, the promotional trade association National Billiard Council (NBC), now defunct. Early BCA rulebooks were essentially identical to the 1946 BAA edition, including the cover art and the absence of the increasingly popular game nine-ball from the ruleset. (Nine-ball did not appear until the 1967 edition.) The BCA rulebooks have remained in near-annual continuous publication to the present day.
In 2000, the BCA made the major move of adopting the World Pool-Billiard Association's standardized rules for eight-ball, nine-ball, and other games subject to international professional competition. The BCA had by this time become the national affiliate of the WPA. In the new edition of the rules, the organization expressed a commitment to seeing pool and carom billiards become Olympic sports (and in fact selected Colorado Springs for its new headquarters for proximity to the US Olympic Committee). The rules changes have not been without controversy, as some of them upset US player expectations; various leagues have ignored the new rules and continued with traditional US rules (e.g., in the game of eight-ball, legally pocketing the 8 ball on the has commonly been treated as an instant win).
International Billiard & Home Recreation Expo.
The BCA's annual Billiard Expo (as it is known for short, or simply the Expo, within the industry) is the largest mostly-cue-sports trade convention in the world, and despite its broad name is primarily focused on pool (pocket billiards). It has been held in various locations, most frequently Las Vegas, Nevada, since its founding in 1984. The Expo is exclusively sponsored by the BCA (and its members), and is managed by William T. Glasgow, Inc. of Orland Park, Illinois. The expressed purpose of the event is to "provide industry manufacturers, distributors, retailers, dealers and poolroom operators an annual venue for new business opportunities, including education, new products and networking." Vendor attendance in 2006 was nearly 300 companies filling between 1,300 and 1,400 booth spaces. The June 25–27, 2009 event at the Sands Expo and Convention Center in Las Vegas saw 116 exhibitor in 412 booth spaces, with 1,120 buy attendees. The next event will be held June 14 (Wednesday) through 16 (Friday), 2010, at the Las Vegas Convention Center, with registration for attendees opening February 15. These were not the original dates, and some debate surrounded the matter, with the dates being finalized only as late as September 2009, and chosen to ensure maximum attendance by billiard entrepreneurs, most of whom have business peaks on weekends. By the end of the 2009 Expo, 65 companies had already contracted for 326 booth spaces at the 2010 Expo.
The vast majority of attendees are industry insiders, rather than players. In 2006, 94% were billiard retailers, 5% billiard hall operators, and 1% "other" (e.g. bowling and amusement center operators). In 2009, only 70% were retailers. In that year, 83% were from the United States and 7% from Canada, with the remaining 10% being from elsewhere around the world. Despite operators not being in the majority, the event is geared toward them, with "Business of Billiards" seminars on successful hall operation, and exhibitors principally in the business of supplying such venues. Exhibiting vendors typically include product lines such as pool equipment (tables, cues, racks, chalk, etc.), billiards-themed apparel and accessories, instructional materials, bar and billiard furniture and furnishings (stools, neon signs, juke boxes, etc.), business services (food processing, point-of-sale computer systems, etc.), other commercial gaming equipment (darts, table shuffleboard, foosball, video games, pinball machines, etc.), plus assorted home recreation categories (poker, home spas and pools, tanning beds, sound systems, outdoors equipment, etc.), and billiard-related services such as cue repair. The BCA claims that, as of 2009, 55% of attendees make purchasing decisions for their businesses, 50% buy there, and 20% more buy within one month of the show.
While Las Vegas is the most frequent host city for the event, it has also been held in Charlotte, North Carolina, Houston, Texas, Baltimore, Maryland, New Orleans, Louisiana, Kansas City, Missouri, Orlando, Florida, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Nashville, Tennessee, Louisville, Kentucky, and Ft. Worth, Texas.
As of the 2010 event, the cost per exhibitor booth varied from US$1,350 to $1,800 depending upon BCA membership status. The event ticket price was $100 for non-exhibitors and non-members. These prices were up from $1,200 and $50, respectively, in 2007.
BCA Pool League.
The BCA Pool League (BCAPL) is one of the major amateur pool leagues in the United States and is present in over a dozen other countries outside the U.S., with a significant presence in Canada. Originally operated by the BCA, since 2004 the BCAPL has been owned and operated by billiards event promoter CueSports International (CSI) of Henderson, Nevada.
The BCA Pool League has approximately 450 local leagues with 60,000+ members. Leagues are played on both bar-size and regulation tables. Beginning in the 2009/2010 season, CSI introduced a second league, the USA Pool League (USAPL), aimed at a more casual player. Both the BCAPL and USAPL (who share a rulebook) use BCA rules, with the addition of wheelchair rules, team play adaptations, and "Applied Rulings" from years of large-scale tournament administration.
Collegiate National Championship.
The US Collegiate Pocket Billiards National Championship, organized by the Association of College Unions International (ACUI) since 1937, with separate men's and women's divisions since 1939, is recognized and supported by the BCA. The amateur tournament's annual champions are listed in the BCA's "Billiards: The Official Rules and Records Book".
United States Billiard Media Association.
The United States Billiard Media Association (USBmA) was organized in January 2007 to elect "billiard media members to the Billiard Congress of America's Hall of Fame Board". This media-focused suborganization also lists other goals in its materials, including "elevating the visibility and status of billiards in the media at large" as well as various member-support functions. Membership is strictly limited to "professional print, radio, TV, public relations and Internet media persons who cover cue sports", as determined by the USBmA executive board. As of February 2010, the group listed 33 members, including most of the better-known names in US-based cue sports publishing. USBmA is nominally based in Chicago, Illinois at the same address as "Billiards Digest" (Luby Publishing).


USA Broomball

USA Broomball is the official United States governing body recognized by the International Federation of Broomball Associations (IFBA). The organization is responsible for sanctioning tournaments and leagues, training and certifying officials, and recognizing broomball governing bodies for individual states in the USA.
USA Broomball also organizes and oversees the annual National Championship tournament, held in Minnesota in odd-numbered years and in a different state with a recognized state organization in even-numbered years. National championships were contested in Men's Class A, Men's Class B, Men's Class C, Men's Class D, Co-Rec, and Collegiate divisions in 2007. USA Broomball takes responsibility for placing teams in the appropriate division and teams are not allowed to pick up players from higher-division teams for the National Championships.


Maurice Roberts

Maurice "Moe" Roberts (December 13, 1905 – February 7, 1975) was an American ice hockey player, who was the oldest man to play the position of goaltender in National Hockey League history, and in two different stretches of several decades was both the oldest player to play a NHL game and the "youngest" man to play goal in the NHL.
History.
Roberts played a total of ten games in the NHL with the Boston Bruins, New York Americans, and Chicago Black Hawks, as well as playing sixteen seasons in the minor leagues, most notably for the Cleveland Barons and the New Haven Eagles. His career was interrupted for four seasons after he enlisted in the United States Navy during World War II. After the war, he played only one more regular season of professional hockey.
Roberts made his NHL debut with the Boston Bruins on December 8, 1925, substituting for injured regular Doc Stewart in a 3-2 win against the Montreal Maroons. At age 19, he was the youngest goaltender in NHL history, until surpassed by Harry Lumley nearly twenty years later.
On November 25, 1951, Roberts—then an assistant trainer with the Chicago Black Hawks—had to finish the third period for the injured Lumley, at that point the Black Hawks' starter. Although Roberts didn't yield a goal, his Hawks still fell to the Detroit Red Wings, 5-2. The then 45-year-old Roberts, in his last NHL game, became the oldest player to play in an NHL game; a record he held until broken by Gordie Howe in 1979, and also passed by Chris Chelios. He remains the oldest goaltender to play in an NHL game. He also was the final NHL player who was active in the 1920s.
Roberts was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame in 2005.


Brazil national beach handball team

The Brazil national beach handball team is the national team of Brazil. It is governed by the Confederação Brasileira de Handebol and takes part in international beach handball competitions.


Andrew Jacobson

Andrew Jacobson (born September 24, 1985) is a retired American professional soccer player who played as a midfielder.
Early life.
Jacobson is Jewish and was born in Fort Myers, Florida. He attended Gunn High School, where he was named 2003 Central Coast Section Player of the Year, and played college soccer at UC Berkeley from 2003 to 2006, where he was named to the all Pac-10 team three times.
Professional career.
Jacobson was the 24th overall pick in the 2008 MLS SuperDraft and the first pick by D.C. United. However, instead of playing in MLS, Jacobson signed a contract with Lorient of France’s Ligue 1. However, injuries limited his playing time, and he never played a first team game for "Les Merlus".
Despite trialling with several clubs in Europe, Jacobson returned to MLS in 2009 and was allocated to the team which originally drafted him, D.C. United. He made his United debut as a substitute in DC's first game of the 2009 MLS season against Los Angeles Galaxy.
Jacobson was selected by Philadelphia Union in the 2009 MLS Expansion Draft on November 25, 2009.
Jacobson was traded to FC Dallas on February 18, 2011, in exchange for a second-round pick in the 2013 MLS SuperDraft. He scored his first professional goal on May 28, 2011, while playing for Dallas against Houston Dynamo.
After three and a half years served at the Texas club, Jacobson was traded to New York City FC for a third-round pick in the 2016 MLS SuperDraft, becoming only their fifth ever player. As the new expansion club was not due to begin competitive games until 2015, he was immediately loaned out to Stabæk IF of the Tippeligaen in Norway to preserve his match fitness. He returned to NYC for the 2015 season and appeared in 33 matches.
On March 11, 2016, NYC traded Jacobson to Vancouver Whitecaps FC in exchange for targeted allocation money. Jacobson announced his retirement on January 17, 2018.
International.
Jacobson was named to the United States national futsal team and was a substitute in four matches at the 2008 FIFA Futsal World Cup in Brazil.


Aquabike World Championship (powerboating)

The UIM-ABP Aquabike World Championship is a powerboating sports competition. The UIM-ABP Aquabike World Championship is the premier class of jetski racing, founded in 1992. Aquabike jetskis are personal watercraft vehicles purpose-built for racing and modified according to class. The UIM-ABP Aquabike World Championship is organized and promoted by H2O Racing Ltd on behalf of the Union Internationale Motonautique (UIM), the governing body of powerboating and the exclusive entity recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). ABP refers to Aquabike Promotion.
Types of Bikes.
Currently, there are two types of Aquabikes (jetskis); Ski and Runabout
Ski.
This term refers to an Aquabike designed to be stood upon and is powered by rear jet propulsion with a completely closed system. Skis, by definition, are the most demanding to ride as they require high fitness levels and great physical strength as well as agility in the legs and arms. According to the different degrees of modifications to the engine and bodywork, this type of Aquabike is used for 3 different categories: GP1, GP2 and Stock. Another category (GP3) also exists in which younger drivers, between the ages of 11-14, compete.
Ski bikes are also used in the Freestyle category however this requires further structural changes to the size and motor, allowing the Ski to become considerably shorter in length, lighter in weight and able to perform better at low engine speeds.
Ski bikes are currently used in 3 different disciplines of the UIM-ABP Aquabike World Championship: Closed Circuit, Parallel Slalom and Freestyle.
Runabout.
Runabout refers to the largest and most powerful bikes in the Championship. Runabout bikes are designed for driving while seated and feature a saddle (located towards the front) and a rear jet or a completely closed propulsion system. Runabouts are the most common jetski in the world, as they can also be used for recreational purposes.
As with Ski bikes, Runabout bikes are used for 3 different racing categories: GP1, GP2 and Stock, according to the different degrees of modifications to the engine and bodywork. Another category (GP3) also exists in which younger drivers, between the ages of 11-14, compete.
Runabout bikes are used in 5 different disciplines of the UIM-ABP Aquabike World Championship: Closed Circuit, Offshore, Endurance, Jet Raid and Parallel Slalom.
Disciplines.
The UIM-ABP Aquabike World Championship is divided into 5 categories:
Closed Circuit.
These races are held near coastlines. Regulations require that the path does not exceed 1300m in length. The circuit is marked out by different coloured buoys: yellow (right turn) and red (left turn). Riders are required to complete a set number of laps (varies according to racing division) at the end of which, the chequered flag is waved by marshals.
Offshore.
Offshore races take place at sea. These races are held across long distances and require serious consideration to be taken for refuelling as this is usually done on land. The circuit is bordered by large buoys (visible from long distances) or by natural landmarks like coastline, lighthouses, islands, rocks, etc .
Endurance.
Endurance races are held on long closed circuits. As endurance races are testing the long-term resistance of a rider and their bike, these races tend to last several hours and are more akin to a marathon as opposed to a sprint. Given the long duration of the race, supplies are required in advance to ensure everything runs smoothly. Runabout bikes are used in endurance races.
Jet Raid.
These races are spread over several stages. Riders are required to travel long distances marked by checkpoints in order to complete the race. These races are often very time consuming as riders cover one expanse of water, and reach the coast on the other side, where their bike then has to be transported by land to the next race stage.
Freestyle.
This category is more of a competition than a race. Riders are given a duration of 3 minutes to perform a rehearsed routine, one at a time. The stunts are evaluated by a team of five expert judges. The evaluation criteria are: quality, quantity and variety. The most common moves are Backflip, Barrel Roll, 360, Superman and Submarine.
Safety.
Safety and security is of paramount importance during all the races and tests. Each member of the rescue team present at all races is required to have a certificate proving their ability to rescue and transport personal watercraft and injured riders. The support of the firefighters and patrol boats is essential as they ensure the immediate action in case of more serious accidents. On the ground, there is a medical team specialised in traumatology who are able to accompany the riders to the closest hospital to the race site. In offshore racing, there is also a helicopter rescue service.


List of contemporary amphitheatres

This is a list of amphitheatres in use today.


Plaza de Toros, Calatayud

The Plaza de Toros de Calatayud is a bullring located at the Paraje de Margarita on the Calle Barón de Warsage, in the city of Calatayud, within the Province of Zaragoza in the region of Aragon, northeastern Spain.
History.
The site of Calatayud's former market place had been the locale for the celebration of festivals and bullfights. In the 1870s it was decided to formalize the arena, and have the proceeds from it go to the Hospicio (Hospice) of the town. Construction began on April 23 and was completed by September 9, 1877 under the direction of the architect of Mariano Medarde.
Present day.
The octagonal ring has a capacity for 8830 spectators on three floors. It has stables for 30 horses, and 3 corrals.
Bullfights typically take place in August and September, respectively during the "Fiestas de San Roque" and "Fiestas de la Virgen de la Peña".


Scott Goldblatt

Scott Daniel Goldblatt (born July 12, 1979) is an American former competition swimmer and Olympic gold medalist who specialized in freestyle events.
Biography.
Raised in Scotch Plains, New Jersey, Goldblatt first began swimming in the children's pool at his local swim club, Willow Grove Swim Club in Scotch Plains. Then he swam for the Scotch Plains/Fanwood YMCA until he joined the Berkeley Aquatic Club under head coach Jim Wood. In 1995, at the age of 15, he qualified for his first national championships and was named "Rookie of the Meet". Two years later, in 1997, he broke into the World Top 50 rankings after ranking 46th in the 200-meter Freestyle. He was also named to the World University Games team, where he won both a gold and a silver medal. Goldblatt graduated in 1997 from Scotch Plains-Fanwood High School.
Goldblatt attended the University of Texas and received a degree in sport management. During his first two years at Texas he was named All-American in five events and won two NCAA relay titles. During these years, he did not improve internationally, and subsequently fell from the World Rankings in the 200-meter Freestyle.
At the NCAA Championships in 2000, he was a member of Texas's NCAA title-winning relay for the third straight year, and he helped lead Texas to becoming NCAA Champions while being named All-America in four events.
In July 2000 he qualified for the United States Olympic Team. In Sydney, Goldblatt finished ninth in the 200-meter Freestyle and won a Silver medal as a member of the 4x200 Freestyle Relay. After not being ranked internationally for two years in the 200-meter Freestyle, Goldblatt was now ranked ninth in the world and was the sixth fastest American ever in the 200-meter Freestyle.
After returning to Texas, he helped lead the team to another NCAA championship and won a fourth straight relay title while breaking the American Record in the 4x200 Freestyle Relay. Goldblatt then qualified for the 2001 World Championships where he won a Bronze Medal, and finished the year ranked 11th in the 200 Freestyle.
In the fall of 2001, he learned that he had nerve damage in his left forearm that would require surgery. Goldblatt re-entered the pool in late December and had to basically learn how to swim with his left arm again. At the National Championships in March he scored a third-place finish in the 200-meter Freestyle, and won his first National Championship in the 400-meter Freestyle.
In the summer of 2002 he graduated from the University of Texas at the same time he was qualifying for the World Championship Team set to compete in 2003. At the same meet, he just missed qualifying for the Pan Pacific Championships to be held that August. At the World Championships Goldblatt won a Silver medal as a part of the 4x200 Freestyle Relay, and finished the year ranked eighth in world in the 200-meter Freestyle.
He moved to Kansas City in early 2003. He finished sixth in the 200 Freestyle, earning him a spot on the 4x200 Freestyle Relay team at the Olympic Games in Athens. Here he swam in the preliminaries of the 4x200 Freestyle Relay, and he eventually won the Olympic Gold Medal as a member of that team.
At the 2005 Maccabiah Games, he won gold medals in the 4x100 freestyle relay and the 4x200 freestyle relay, a silver medal in the 200m freestyle, and a bronze medal in the 100m free.
Goldblatt was founder of TimedFinals.com and co-host of the Deck Pass radio show with creator Nathan Jendrick.


Finnish Handball League

The Finnish SM-liiga is the name of the professional handball league of Finland.
Competition Format.
The season begins with a regular season between the ten teams. The first six teams qualifies for the play-offs, the teams classified four to eight play another round-robin, while the last two plays a relegation round.
2016/17 Season participants.
The following 10 clubs compete in the SM-liiga during the 2016–17 season.


Blantyre United FC

Blantyre United Football Club was a Malawian football (soccer) club based in Blantyre founded in 2008 and dissolved in 2018.
History.
The club was founded in 2008 as a reserve side for Escom United.
In 2010, after won Southern Regional Football League and promoted to TNM Super League, was renamed Blantyre United.
In 2013 season, the team reached the best performance in the league finished in 3rd position, but in the following season got relegated.
After two season in the second division, Blantyre United, returned to Super League of Malawi for 2017 season, but relegated again.
In 2018 "Blantyre United" was disbanded for lack of funds.
Stadium.
The team was played at the 50,000 capacity Kamuzu Stadium.
Honours.
Southern Region Football League


2006 Supersport World Championship

The 2006 Supersport World Championship was the eighth FIM Supersport World Championship season—the tenth taking into account the two held under the name of Supersport World Series. The season started on 25 February at Losail and finished on 8 October at Magny-Cours after 12 races.
The riders' championship was won by Sébastien Charpentier with a total of 6 race wins. It was Charpentier's 2nd World Supersport Championship. The manufacturers' championship was won by Honda.


European Universities Badminton Championships

European Universities Badminton Championships were the first organised in 2004 and have been organised annually since.
The European Universities Badminton Championships are coordinated by the European University Sports Association along with the 18 other sports on the program of the European universities championships.


Overhand loop

The overhand loop is a simple knot which forms a fixed loop in a rope. Made by tying an overhand knot in the bight, it can be tied anywhere along a rope (does not need any working end). The knot can be used for attaching clips, hooks, other rope, etc., but has the disadvantage that it is likely to jam tight when the rope has been pulled and the knot may need to be cut off. It also has some uses in kite-flying, though other knots may be better. It is commonly disapproved by the Boy Scouts because of its tendency to be misused as an alternative to the bowline. (Reference 1 also contains a sequence of images that show how to tie an overhand knot.)


2009 World Jiu-Jitsu Championship

The 2009 World Jiu-Jitsu Championship was held at California State University in Long Beach, California, USA, on March 27, 28 and 29, 2009.
The competition was sponsored by the United States Brazilian jiu-jitsu Federation.
In the adult and juvenile category, 'Alliance' came in first. Gracie Humaita won first place among the female contenders, and Gracie Barra took first place in the novice category.


Camp Amal

Camp Amal was an experimental camp of the Habonim youth movement. Founded in 1948 on a rented site in Vermont, the camp was intended to give campers a thorough education in Hebrew, as opposed to simply using Yiddish or English, which were prominently in use at many Jewish camps at the time. After an inauspicious beginning, the camp attracted wide praise in the Jewish educational community for its ability to teach campers Hebrew. First moving the camp to a site in Connecticut in 1950, Habonim, due to financial troubles, was forced to move the camp again several times, in 1951 to the Cream Ridge Farm, in 1952 to Camp Moshava, and in 1953 to share the campsite of Camp Galil in Pennsylvania. The sharing of one campground by two different camps turned out to be untenable, so Habonim discontinued Amal after 1953. However, the camp influenced Habonim and other Jewish camping groups to start using and teaching Hebrew more aggressively at all their camps.


Bavarian Open

The Bavarian Open is an annual international figure skating competition organized by the Skating Union of Bavaria. Since 2011, it is sanctioned by the Deutsche Eislauf Union and the International Skating Union. The event is held in February at Eissportzentrum Oberstdorf in Oberstdorf, Germany. Medals may be awarded in men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance.


Kabaddi World Cup (Standard style)

The Kabaddi World Cup, is an indoor international Kabaddi competition conducted by the International Kabaddi Federation (IKF) in a standard style, contested by men's and women's national teams. The competition has been previously contested in 2004, 2007 and 2016. All the tournaments have been won by India. In 2016, the very first Kabaddi World Cup for women was held in India. The current format of the competition involves a round-robin group stage, with 6 teams in 2 pools, with the first and second place finishers of each group progressing to the semi-finals.
Current IKF rankings.
Points are calculated after every match by the formula:
10*(total number of kabaddi nations – rank of the opponent)+(score difference)
The top 10 teams according to the International Kabaddi Federation:
Current LITS rankings.
Complete wealth and population adjusted elo rankings for previous 3 years. This also includes matches from Asian competitions.


Vered Buskila

Vered "Vardush" Buskila (born May 23, 1983) is an Israeli Olympic sailor, and competes in the 470 Class double-handed monohull planing dinghy with a centerboard, Bermuda rig, and center sheeting. She won a world championship in the women's 420 at the age of 15, and a bronze medal in the world championships in the 470 six years later.
Biography.
Buskila is Jewish, and was born in Bat Yam, Israel. She studied law and political science at the Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya, in Israel.
Sailing career.
She learned to sail with Hapoel Bay Yam and with the Maccabi Zevelun Club in Bat Yam. She sails now for Hapoel Tel Aviv.
In 1998, at the age of 15, she partnered with Limor Kliger, 16, and won the women's world 420 yachting championship in the Gulf of Corinth in Greece. They defeated 47 other teams, from 16 countries.
In 2000, she partnered with Nike Kornecki, and in 2001 they won a bronze medal at the European Championships in Ireland. In 2004, they won bronze medals in both the European Championship in Germany and the 470 World Championship in Zadar, Croatia.
Buskila competed on behalf of Israel at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, in the Women's 470 Class Two-Person Dinghy with Kornecki, and came in 18th. They won a silver medal in the 2005 European Championship.
She competed on behalf of Israel at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China, in the Women's 470 Class Two-Person Dinghy with Kornecki, and came in fourth.
Buskila returned to sailing with a new partner, Gil Cohen, in 2010.
On December 24, 2012, Vered Buskila announced her retirement, telling the First Channel TV News: "It would be very painful for me to see the opening ceremony of the next Olympic Games, in which I will not be taking part - but one must know when to stop". She disclosed that, having studied Law concurrently with her sailing activity, she intends to have a new career as a lawyer.


Pakistan national kabaddi team

Pakistan National Kabaddi Team represents Pakistan in international kabaddi. The Pakistan Kabaddi Federation manages the team. Tahir Waheed Jutt is the Head Coach of the team. Muhammad Irfan is the captain of the team and Shafiq Ahmad is the vice-captain of the team.
Overview.
As a native sport of Punjab, Kabaddi was more or less played in all rural parts of Pakistan. The sport is extremely popular in South Asia where it is played with great spirit and enthusiasm in both East and West Punjab as well.
Asian style Kabaddi is the most popular form in Pakistan as well as most of South Asia which is why it is used in the South-East Asian Games.
The Pakistan Kabaddi Federation was formed in 1964. The first National level Kabaddi tournament was played in 1966. Mian Muhammad Yasin Wattoo was the first President and Chaudhary Muhammad Siddique as General Secretary of the Federation.


Ottawa-Carleton Ultimate Association

The Ottawa-Carleton Ultimate Association (OCUA) is a registered non-profit corporation dedicated to the sport of disc ultimate in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Ultimate in Ottawa began in 1984 as a result of individuals coming together to play ultimate in scrimmage games. In the summer of 1985, local Ottawa players organized the first "No Borders" tournament, with visiting teams from North Bay, Toronto, and the United States. In 1986 formal league organization meetings took place to organize a league with basic principles and guidelines.
The first ultimate league in Ottawa began play in May 1986 with 5 teams as OCULT (Ottawa City Ultimate League, Thing). The original 5 teams were the Screaming Yellow Zonkers (still playing in OCUA), Bruce and the Usuals, the Ultimate Revolution, Disc Guys, and Disc Drive. As a result of this new league, players from Ottawa helped organize a Canadian entry into the 1986 World Championships in Colchester, England, joining players from Toronto, Calgary, and Vancouver to form the Canadian team. The first Canadian ultimate championships for ultimate were held for the open division in Ottawa in 1987. OCUA subsequently hosted the 1993, 1999, 2002, 2011, and 2017 Canadian Ultimate Championships.
In 1993, the league which had increased its number of teams six-fold, officially incorporated as a not-for-profit and renamed as OCUA. Since 1993 OCUA has provided recreational ultimate Frisbee leagues in Ottawa, reaching a peak of 354 teams registered for summer league play in 2004 .
As of 2012, OCUA offers a variety of indoor and outdoor leagues throughout the year and have over 260 teams playing in the recreational adult and youth summer leagues. The number of teams that play in OCUA summer leagues has made it one of the largest ultimate leagues in the world; having between 250-350 registered teams every summer since 2000.
OCUA has the unique distinction of being the ultimate Frisbee association with the largest privately owned field complex for ultimate Frisbee in the world. Located in the south Ottawa community of Manotick, UPI (Ultimate Parks Incorporated) was built in 1998, funded entirely by the membership of OCUA and is owned by the Association. The 19 fields of UPI (17 of which are irrigated) are dedicated solely to ultimate and were in large part constructed by the efforts of OCUA members.


Amherst Ultimate Invitational Tournament

The Amherst Ultimate Invitational Tournament is the oldest high school Ultimate Frisbee tournament in the United States. The first tournament was played in 1992. Each year, 30 highly competitive teams from the Northeast converge on Amherst. The current champions (2018) are Amherst Regional High School (boys) and H-B Woodlawn (girls). In 2010, the tournament hosted thirty teams, with twenty being made up of boys, and ten for girls.


Bill Morehouse

William C. Morehouse (November 7, 1960 in Utica, New York) is an American curler and curling broadcaster.
Curling.
Morehouse started curling for the Utica Curling Club in 1972. He finished seventh in the 2005 U.S. National Championships and 2005 U.S. Olympic Trials. He was a semifinalist in the 1995 and 2000 Mixed National Championships.
Broadcasting.
Morehouse called the first USA Curling match broadcast live on the Internet during the 2000 Mixed National Championship final. He also provided color commentary for the TV broadcast of the 2001 Women's Olympic Trials final. He also broadcast several games at the 2003 Worlds in Winnipeg and for the men's and women's finals of the 2003 USA Curling National Championships in Utica on the Internet. Bill continued his audiocast at the 2006 U.S. Olympic Team Trials in Madison, Wisconsin, and provided the voice for CSTV's coverage of the 2006 U.S. Olympic Trials and National College Tournament. He also worked with ESPN2 to provide color commentary for the 2006 World Championships programs. In 2008, he was the color commentator for CBS College Sports Network's coverage of the 2008 Ford World Men's Curling Championship, calling the games alongside play by play announcer Andrew Catalon.
Personal.
Morehouse is a graduate of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln of and works as an independent insurance agent with Morcy-Morehouse Inc. He and his wife Deb have two children, Margaret and Billy. Morehouse was elected as an Oneida County legislator in 2003. He is currently president of the Utica Common Council.


Jeremy Abbott

Jeremy Abbott (born June 5, 1985) is a former American figure skater. He is the 2008 Grand Prix Final champion, a two-time (2007, 2011) Four Continents bronze medalist, and a four-time (2009, 2010, 2012, 2014) U.S. national champion. He represented the United States at the 2010 Winter Olympics, where he placed ninth, and at the 2014 Winter Olympics, winning a bronze medal in the team event.
Personal life.
Jeremy Abbott was born in Aspen, Colorado to Allison and Danny Abbott. He has an elder sister, Gwen Abbott, a nationally ranked downhill skier who competed in the X Games as a ski racer, and a younger brother. He attended Cheyenne Mountain High School for five years, stretching his high school career out one year longer than the usual, so he could concentrate on both skating and getting good grades. He graduated in 2004.
In January 2015, Abbott's father, Danny Abbott, died from complications of Parkinson's Disease.
In addition to his coaches, Jeremy Abbott cites his family—mother Allison Scott, stepfather Allen Scott, his late father Danny Abbott, and sister Gwen Abbott,—as the pillars of his success. Following his win on the junior level at 2005 US nationals, Abbott established a fund in Aspen, Colorado, to help up-and-coming skaters to pay for training. In 2006, he established a second fund for skaters in the surrounding area.
Abbott came out as gay in June 2020.
Skating career.
Early years.
Abbott began skating at age two. He began competing at age four after seeing and becoming inspired by Robin Cousins. He has competed in three figure skating disciplines. As a juvenile, he competed in ice dancing with Amanda Cunningham from 1995–96 and with Katie Hoffmaster from 1997–98. He competed as a pair skater with Brittany Vise in 1998–99 and Krystal Sorenson from 2001–02.
In his early years, Abbott was coached by Peggy Behr in Aspen, Colorado. In 1999, Abbott moved from Aspen to Colorado Springs, Colorado, to train at the Colorado Springs World Arena with Tom Zakrajsek. He began representing the Broadmoor Skating Club.
Abbott began competing in singles at the novice level in the 2000–01 season, but failed to make it out of sectionals. The next year he made it to Nationals, where he placed 6th at the novice level.
For the 2002–03 and 2004–05 seasons, Abbott competed on the junior level nationally, though he did not reach 2003 nationals at the junior level. He fractured his L5 vertebra in 2003, which kept him off the ice for fifteen weeks leading up to Regionals, yet he was able to win Regionals, and go on to place 7th at the 2004 U.S. Championships.
He won the Junior national title at the 2005 U.S. Championships. A remark he made during this competition, "Stranger things could happen; pigs could fly!", led him to adopt as his mascot a pig with wings, or a flying pig. Abbott made it the slogan of his charitable fund, which he started to give back to young male skaters struggling to pay coaching fees, ice time and competition fees.
2005–2008.
Abbott was given his first senior international assignment in the 2005–06 Olympic season, placing 18th at the 2005 Nebelhorn Trophy. Abbott, then, placed fifth at the very competitive Midwestern Sectionals, and just missed a chance to go on to Nationals and compete for an Olympic berth. Abbott later blamed his performance on his poor training habits, and said that he had become lazy after winning the junior national title; failing to make it out of sectionals gave him the motivation he needed.
In the 2006–07 season, Abbott was given another international assignment, this time to the 2006 Finlandia Trophy, which he won. He won sectionals and advanced to Nationals, where he won the pewter medal, the highest placement for a first-timer in the senior men's event at nationals in twenty years. Abbott was named the first alternate to the World and Four Continents teams. When Johnny Weir withdrew from the 2007 Four Continents, Abbott was given the opportunity to compete at the event, which was held at his home rink, World Arena, Colorado Springs. He beat out U.S. silver medalist and training mate Ryan Bradley for the bronze medal.
In the 2007–08 season, Abbott debuted on the Grand Prix circuit, placing 8th at the 2007 Skate Canada and 4th at the 2007 NHK Trophy. At the 2008 U.S. Championships, he again won the pewter medal. He placed 5th at the 2008 Four Continents. He was sent to the 2008 World Championships after Evan Lysacek withdrew with injury, and placed 11th.
2008–2009.
In the 2008–09 season, Abbott had a breakthrough season on the Grand Prix circuit. He won the 2008 Cup of China and placed fourth at the 2008 Cup of Russia to qualify for the 2008–09 Grand Prix Final. He won the Grand Prix Final, becoming the first American man to do so, and achieved the highest total free skate score for an American man at that time. At the 2009 U.S. Championships in Cleveland, Abbott won both the short program and the free skate to win the gold medal. At the 2009 World Championships, Abbot placed 10th in both the short and long programs and 11th overall. In the off-season, he performed at the Festa On Ice show in South Korea, his first ice show in a foreign country.
In May 2009, Abbott changed coaches to Yuka Sato in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan.
2009–2010 season.
Abbott began the 2009–10 season with a 5th-place finish at the 2009 NHK Trophy. He then won the 2009 Skate Canada to qualify once again for the Grand Prix Final, where he placed fourth. At the 2010 U.S. Championships, Abbott won both segments of the competition to win the title overall, finishing 25 points ahead of the second place Evan Lysacek. He was named to the Olympic team. At the 2010 Olympics, Abbott placed 15th place in the short program, with a score of 69.40. Abbott earned a score of 149.56 in the free skate, placing 9th in that segment of the competition and moving up to place 9th overall. At the 2010 World Championships, he skated a strong short to place 6th in the segment. In the long program, he fell on the quad and double axel and placed 5th overall. In the off-season, Abbott performed on the Stars on Ice tour.
2010–2011 season.
Abbott decided to remain with Sato for the 2010–11 season. In a November 2011 interview, he said he was seeing a sports psychologist once a week. He also works with Jason Dungjen. His training was hampered by his first serious boot problems of his career. Abbott explained, "I could not get the blades mounted quite right, and they were never quite comfortable". He went through eight pairs of boots. The problems were resolved toward the end of the season.
At the 2011 U.S. Championships, Abbott was second after the short program but struggled through parts of his long program to finish fourth overall. He won his third pewter medal with a total score of 224.16, missing the bronze medal by just 0.19 points. The selection committee decided to leave him off the 2011 Worlds team, disappointing Abbott who thought the rules stated that other results would be taken into consideration. He was named to the team to the 2011 Four Continents instead, where he won the bronze medal behind Japanese skaters Daisuke Takahashi and Yuzuru Hanyu.
2011–2012 season.
For the 2011–12 Grand Prix season, Abbott was assigned to compete at 2011 Cup of China and 2011 Cup of Russia. He later said they were not the two he had asked for but that it had worked out well. He placed third in both programs at Cup of China and came away with the gold medal overall. At Cup of Russia, Abbott won the short program with a new personal best of 83.54 points. He was fifth in the free program and won the bronze medal overall. He qualified for his third Grand Prix Final.
At the 2012 U.S. Championships, Abbott placed first in both programs and won his third national title. He withdrew from the 2012 Four Continents due to back spasms and was replaced by 13th-placed Richard Dornbush. He won the silver medal at the 2012 Challenge Cup in The Hague. He finished 8th at the 2012 Worlds.
2012–2013 season.
Abbott was 5th at his first Grand Prix event of the season, the 2012 Skate America. Early in the season, he had a compressed disk in his lower back, which also caused nerve problems in his legs, but his condition began to improve by his next event in France. He won the silver medal at the 2012 Trophee Eric Bompard. At a practice at the 2013 U.S. Championships he was informed that one of his spins would not count and changed it before competing. He won bronze at the event, behind champion Max Aaron and silver medalist Ross Miner.
2013–2014 season.
During an interview for "The Skating Lesson Podcast" Abbott told Jennifer Kirk that the 2013–14 would be his last and that he would again use his long program from the 2011–12 season. He came in sixth at his first Grand Prix assignment, the 2013 Skate Canada International, and won the bronze medal at the second, the 2013 NHK Trophy. At the 2014 U.S. Championships, he placed first in the short program and second to Jason Brown in the free skate. Abbott finished first overall and was named in the U.S. team to the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia. He was awarded a team bronze medal. He went on to compete at the World Championships, where he had a fourth place free skate and placed fifth overall. Combined with teammate Max Aaron's 8th-place finish, the US Men gained back their third spot.
2014–2015 season.
Abbott was given assignments for Skate America and NHK Trophy for the 2014–15 season. He placed 5th at both events.
Shortly before the 2015 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, Abbott's father died from Parkinson's disease. Despite this hardship, Abbott decided to compete anyway and finished 5th. During the gala, Abbott paid a tribute to his late father.
2015–2016 season and after.
At the beginning of the 2015–2016 season, Abbott stated that he would sit out the season, but said he did not plan on retiring. In October 2015, he participated in the 2015 Japan Open, a team event in Japan. In January 2016, he won gold at the 2016 Medal Winners Open, an ISU-sanctioned pro-am competition held in Japan.
During the 2016–2017 season, Abbott participated in the 2016 Japan Open. At the end of the season, he announced his retirement from competition.
Coaching & Choreographer Career.
After retiring, Abbott has started choreographing and coaching. He has choreographed programs for former two-time US National Champion Gracie Gold. As a coach, he has started working with reigning two-time US National Champion Alysa Liu, and also Dinh Tran.
Competitive highlights.
"GP: Grand Prix"
Detailed results.
"Small medals for short and free programs awarded only at ISU Championships. At team events, medals awarded for team results only."


Galoubet A

Galoubet A (1972–2005) was a horse ridden by the French rider Gilles-Bertran de Ballanda, in International show jumping and is a sire of show jumpers. He stood 17.0 hh (173 cm).
Galoubet was by the great sire Almé out of Viti a trotter mare. He was retired to stud at 10 y.o. and has since sired many top performers. Galoubet ranked third on the WBFSH standings for 2000/2001, largely on the basis of his son Baloubet du Rouet who won three World Cup Final's in a row (Helsinki 1998, Gothenburg 1999, Las Vegas 2000) as well as team bronze at 2000 Olympics in Sydney.
In 2002, Galoubet was the Grand Sire of World Champion - Liscalgot (Ire) at World Equestrian Games in Jerez, Spain through his son Touchdown.
In 2004, his son Baloubet du Rouet won the Gold Medal at 2004 Olympics in Athens
Also "'Galoubet A" has another well known son, Touchdown, dam Lady Willpower. In 1992, Touchdown was the highest placed Irish show jumper at the Barcelona Olympics.


Josh Kronfeld

Joshua Adrian Kronfeld (born 20 June 1971) is a TV presenter and a former rugby union footballer who represented New Zealand at international level and Otago, the Highlanders and Leicester at first-class level. During his international career, Kronfeld played in 56 games for the All Blacks, gaining 54 test caps, including appearances at both the 1995 and 1999 Rugby World Cups.
Kronfeld played as an openside flanker, and his greatest attribute was considered to be the speed with which he was able to get to breakdowns in play, in order to gain or regain possession of the ball. Kronfeld is an alumnus of Aquinas College, Dunedin, and is a grand-nephew of two All Blacks of the 1930s, brothers Dave and Frank Solomon.
Early life.
Kronfeld was born in Hastings in Hawkes Bay, and attended Hastings Boys' High School. Kronfeld described himself as "German-Samoan" and he is Jewish.
He played his early rugby union at scrum-half and centre, switching to flanker at high school.
In 1990 Kronfeld moved to Dunedin to study physical education at the University of Otago. Here he became involved in the Otago University Rugby Club. After playing one game in 1992, Kronfeld gained a starting position in the Otago team in the National Provincial Championship (NPC) for 1993. Kronfeld would eventually play 69 matches for Otago. He completed his BPhEd degree in 1993.
Rugby career.
Kronfeld made his All Black test debut in 1995, playing against Canada at Eden Park in Auckland. He played in the 1995 Rugby World Cup including the final in which the All Blacks lost a thrilling game to South Africa.
After the inception of the Super 12 competition in 1996, Kronfeld also played for the Highlanders Super 12 franchise. In total, Kronfeld made 42 appearances for the Highlanders.
He made five appearances in the All Blacks’ 1999 World Cup campaign, which included the game against England and the amazing semi-final with France that took place at Twickenham.
Kronfeld remained a first choice player for Otago, the Highlanders and the All Blacks until 2000. At the end of the 2000 season, after 69 matches for Otago, 42 for the Highlanders in the Super 12 and 56 All Black matches including 54 tests, Kronfeld left New Zealand rugby to take up a lucrative contract with the English club, Leicester. In May 2001 he officially signed with English club Leicester Tigers.
After an injury-hit start to the 2001-02 season Kronfeld recovered well, establishing himself as a regular first-team player. He was an unused replacement as Leicester won the 2002 Heineken Cup Final. He was twice voted by fans Player of the Month, once Zurich Premiership Player of the Month and then named by his Tigers colleagues as their Players' Player of the Season 2002-03.
In 2003, Kronfeld returned to New Zealand, and subsequently retired from first-class rugby.
Life After Rugby.
Kronfeld has made numerous media appearances, e.g. Celebrity Treasure Island. He has also returned to the University of Otago to study physiotherapy.
In 2009 Kronfeld participated in the fifth season of TVNZ's entertainment series "Dancing with the Stars".
From September to December 2012 Josh Kronfeld hosted the ChoiceTV show Brunch (New Zealand) for Season One with April Ieremia.
in 2009 9 17 son named cassius.


Ben Lederman

Ben Lederman (; born May 15, 2000) is an American footballer of Israeli and Polish descent who currently plays as a midfielder for Raków Częstochowa.
Early life.
Lederman was born in Los Angeles, California to Israeli expatriates, Danny and Tammy. His father was a small business owner and his mother, a real estate agent. In 2011, the entire family moved to Barcelona so Ben could join La Masia, FC Barcelona's youth academy.
Club career.
At age 11, Lederman was identified by scouts from FC Barcelona in a friendly match between his California State U10 team and FC Barcelona Academy Benjamin A. He was subsequently invited to train at La Masia and joined the academy thereafter.
In January 2020, Lederman left Belgium and joined Beitar Jerusalem on trial. He did not earn a contract with the Premier League side and instead signed with Liga Alef's Hakoah Amidar Ramat Gan. On February 14, 2020, Lederman made his first and only appearance for Hakoah Amidar Ramat Gan in a Liga Alef South match against Maccabi Sha'arayim. Lederman started and went 65 minutes before being replaced by Michael Ben Baruch in a 1-0 loss. Lederman was released by the club on February 27, 2020 so he could join Raków Częstochowa in the Polish Ekstraklasa.
Lederman made his first team debut on June 20, 2020, coming on as a substitute for David Tijanič in the 84th minute against Wisła Kraków. On May 2, 2021, Lederman won the first trophy of his professional career as Raków Częstochowa defeated Arka Gdynia in the final of the Polish Cup.
Personal life.
Lederman is Jewish and celebrated his bar mitzvah at a local synagogue in Barcelona while in the FC Barcelona youth system.
Honors.
Raków Częstochowa


Sedgefield Ball Game

Shrove Tuesday Football (or Mob Football) is a game which takes place in Sedgefield in County Durham; locally it is known as the Ball Game.
According to tradition, the parish clerk is obliged to furnish a football on Shrove Tuesday, which he throws into the market place, where it is contested for by the mechanics against the agriculturists of the town and neighbourhood. More recently, however, it is a secret group of local residents who organise the game, provide the ball and choose who will start the game off.
The ball is made from leather. Its maker is a secret for fear of persecution. At 1.00 p.m, it is passed three times through a bull ring in the centre of the village. The object of the game used to be to "ally" the ball at two goals at either end of the village. However the ball can not be allied until 4.00 p.m.. due to the expansion of the village it now has only one "ally", which has been slightly moved from its original setting. The ally is a beck at the south of the village. During the time between 1 and 4 the ball is played around the surrounding villages, and it is a great privilege to get even a kick, as it can get quite physical. The first person to get the ball to any of the local pubs by tradition receives a free drink.
Once the ball has been allied it must be returned to the bull ring in the centre of the village and passed through it three times. The whole task is quite difficult as this is an individual and not a team game.
Winners: