Powerslide (inline skating)

The powerslide is a braking method used in inline skating where both skates are quickly moved into a position perpendicular to the moving direction of the skater. Whereas braking this way is quite common in ice skating (where it is called a hockey stop), any irregularity on the surface can make a novice roller skater easily lose balance and fall.
The powerslide offers an effective way of coming to a stop within a short distance to advanced skaters due to the friction the wheels incur on the surface. As powerful as it is, it does cause wear on the wheels, can cause the wheels to wear unevenly, and can only be performed with definitive success when the surface is familiar to the skater.
Techniques.
The forward powerslide or full frontal powerslide starts with the skater skating forward and spinning sideways to a stop. In a backward powerslide, the skater starts out skating backward. A roundhouse powerslide starts with the skater skating either forward or backward, spinning to face the opposite way, and in the same movement executing a powerslide.


Danish 2nd Division

The 2nd Division () is a semi-professional association football league for men and the third division in Denmark. It is organised by the Divisionsforeningen on behalf of the Danish FA (DBU) as part of the nation-wide Danmarksturneringen i fodbold (Herre-DM) and is positioned between the second-tier 1st Division and the fourth-tier Denmark Series in the Danish football league system. Clubs in the league must meet certain criteria concerning appropriate facilities and finances. All of the 2nd Division clubs qualify for the proper rounds of the DBU Pokalen. The number of promoted and relegated clubs has fluctuated over the years. In the 2020–21 season two clubs will be directly promoted to the 1st Division, while eight teams will be relegated to the Denmark Series. From the 2021–22 season, it will be changed to two promotion spots and two relegation spots.
A third-tier league under the auspices of the Danish FA was introduced to the nation-wide league structure in 1936, beginning with two divisions of four clubs each in the 1936–37 season. Due to World War II, the league was placed on hiatus for five years until its reintroduction as a single division with 10 clubs in 1945. In the 1966 season, the league was expanded to include two divisions, coinciding with the dissolution of the Kvalifikationsturneringen and the introduction of the new fourth-tier, Danmarksserien. It returned to a single division format in the 1975 season, before once again converting to a two division format in 1986, a single division in 1997 and a two division format in 2005. From 1991 to 1997 the league was played as semi-annual seasons, when the higher ranking leagues switched to an autumn-spring calendar match schedule while the lower ranking leagues continued with spring-autumn tournaments — a revisit to the same calendar schedule that had been played until 1956. In 2015–2020, the league consisted of two stages; a preliminary round split into 2–3 groups with clubs qualifying for either a promotion or relegation round.
From 1936–37 and 1939–40, 1966 until 1964 and in the 1986 season, a championship final was played at the end of the season to determine the overall league winners between the west and east groups. The short lived Kvalifikationsligaen in the springs from 1992 to 1995 meant that the league's status as the third-tier in Danish football was dropped one level to temporarily become the fourth best level. In the seasons from 2005–06 to 2010–11, the tournament rules were changed to allow a maximum of eight Superliga reserve teams to compete in the third-tier — the reserve teams were eventually moved to the 2011–12 Danish Reserve League upon its creation. The division has changed its name on several occasions. It has previously been known as III Serie (1936–37 until 1939/40; or 3. Serie), 3. Division (1945/46 until 1990; or 3. division), before settling with the current name beginning with the 1991-season. Due to a sponsorship arrangement, it was known as Kanal Sport Divisionen during the 2015–16 season.
History.
Formation of national third-tier.
The decision to establish a nation-wide third-tier league as part of the Danmarksturneringen i fodbold below the second-tier II Serie was made at the annual convention of the Danish FA (DBU), in 1936. The league started its operation in August 1936, when III Serie was created with two geographically divided constituencies, each including four teams playing two matches at home and away. Out of the eight teams, only one gained promotion to the second-tier the following season, following the promotion play-offs at the end of the season, which at the same time determined the overall league champions. With the occupation of Denmark during World War II, the Danmarksturneringen's three league structure was disbanded in 1940.
Reintroduction of the third-tier 1945.
In 1945, a Danish third level was reintroduced as the bufferzone between the elite teams and the amateur clubs with 10 teams. One team gained promotion to 2nd Division, and one relegated to the club's respective regional football league. In 1951, The 3rd Division was expanded to 12 teams and to teams was relegated to a newly created Kvalifikationsturneringen – the new buffer between the Danmarksturneringen and the regional football leagues. The structure was changed again in 1966. Two geographical groups with 12 teams each were created. Only one team could be promoted and two teams be relegated. The Danish 2nd Division West would for the most part consist of teams from the Jutland FA and Funen FA, while Danish 2nd Division East would consist of teams from the Zealand FA, Copenhagen FA, Lolland-Falster FA and Bornholm FA. In 1975, the number of teams in the league got expanded and the 3rd Division rolled into one row with 16 teams, where two teams could be promoted to the 2nd Division and teams relegated to the Denmark Series.
The Danish top-flight league was renamed in 1991, which included the second-tier being renamed to 1st Division and the third-tier becoming known as the 2nd Division. From 2005, the 2nd Division was changed to have 14 teams each in the East and West pools, with three teams to promote. In addition, access of up to eight reserve teams of the Danish Superliga clubs was allowed in the 2nd Division. The number of teams in the 2nd Division was increased to 16 teams in 2008. In 2010, the reserve teams were removed from the 2nd Division following the foundation of the Danish Reserve League. The 2nd Division did change again in 2015, that reduced the number of teams in the 2nd Division from 32 to 24. 3 pools with each 8 teams was created, where the four top finishers in each pool would be playing for promotion to the 1st Division, with promotion for the two best-placed teams. Also, there would be a relegation pool for the 12 teams that end up as 5–8 in one of their 3 pools, where the 9–12th places relegated to the Denmark Series.
Sponsors and logos.
In 2011, it was announced that for the first time, the third-tier would be given its own logo, taking effect at the start of the 2011–12 season. The league changed its official name to Kanal Sport Divisionen for the 2015–16 season, when the naming rights were acquired by the Danish sports TV-channel Kanal Sport.
Former and current logos for the 2nd Division.


Strathglass Shinty Club

Strathglass Shinty Club or "Comunn Camanachd Straghlais" in Scottish Gaelic is a shinty club from Cannich, Inverness-shire. The Club was founded in 1879, is considered to be the oldest constituted club in shinty and played a major role in the development of the rules of the sport. The first team plays in National Division One but played in the Marine Harvest Premier Division after two successive promotions from the old North Division One from 2006 to 2008. The club restarted its second team in 2017, and there is a successful women's team, started in 2006.
History.
Strathglass competed in the fixture considered to be the origin of the rules that apply today in modern shinty against Glenurquhart Shinty Club at Bught Park, Inverness on 12 February 1887. Glen Urquhart won the game, played with 22 players on each side 2–0. This fixture was to be repeated on 12 January 2007 in Inverness as the opening centrepiece of the Highland 2007 celebrations in Scotland. However, despite two attempts to play the fixture, one in 2007 (as an opener to the celebrations) and the next in 2008 (as a closer) both were cancelled due to inclement weather. The trophy from this cancelled game has been repurposed for the restored National Division One.
This ancient rivalry is still continued with the clubs' first teams usually playing each year for the MacDonald Cup and second teams for the Ali Bhan Cup as a curtain raiser to the new season.
The club won the Strathdearn Cup in 1929, 1967 and 1983. They became the first North area team to win the Balliemore Cup in 1986 and went on to win this trophy on two further occasions in 2003 and 2009.
The club made history by going from North Division One to National Division One to the Premier Division in straight seasons. The club held its own in the top tier in 2006 and 2007 but was relegated in 2008. Robert Geddes stood down at the end of the 2008 season after ten years at the helm. Geddes was replaced by Garry Reid for the 2009 season.
The club has never made it to the Camanachd Cup final, most recently falling at the semi-final stage to Inveraray on 25 August 2007. The club won the Balliemore Cup for the third time in 2009 by defeating Kinlochshiel 5–1 at the Meadows in Rothesay. Garry Reid stepped down at the end of the season and was replaced by Brian MacKay, the second team manager to that point. He was replaced, in turn, by Steve Harvey.
After a terrible season, which saw them struggle to field their second team, Strathglass ended up at the bottom of North Division One. The club avoided relegation after the Camanachd Association was convinced not to hold a winner-takes-all playoff with North Division Two team, Glengarry.
Robert Geddes was reappointed manager of the first team for the 2012 season. Callum Duff, a former player, returned to the club as an assistant in 2012 but became manager for the 2013 season. This was also accompanied with a recruitment drive to improve on Strathglass' recent poor form. However, Duff did not last and the players had to take on the management role themselves. The club re-established itself in North One, and finished a close second to Newtonmroe in 2016 under Dave Balharry's management. Balharry continued in post into 2017 as Strathglass successfully petitioned to be promoted to the National Division structure.
The club has struggled to field a strong second team in recent years, in 2014 the club took the decision to withdraw the reserves from league competition but still compete in cup competition. The club restarted their second team on a full-time basis in 2017.
2013 was a successful year for the women's side with them lifting the Marine Harvest Challenge Cup for sides outside the National Division. This good form was continued in 2014 when they retained their title, and 2015 saw them crowned Marine Harvest National 2 League Winners.


Derek Murray (sports presenter)

Derek "Pluto" Murray (Scottish Gaelic:"Derek Moireach"), is a Scottish radio and television presenter.
He is the sports presenter on BBC Alba's flagship news programme, "An Là". He also provides football commentary on BBC Alba and BBC Radio nan Gàidheal and is an occasional reporter on BBC Radio Scotland's "Sportsound". He was also commentator on "An Caman", a shinty highlights package broadcast in 2007.
Murray was named as "Radio Personality of the Year" at the 2008 Celtic Media Festival. Murray is from Ness on the Isle of Lewis and was formerly a policeman with Strathclyde Police. He is a fan of Lewis Camanachd.
In the 1990s Murray appeared on the Gaelic soap opera "Machair", playing Iain MacIomhair. In 2011 Murray presented "Siuthad! Siubhail!" ("Go! Explore!") with Emma MacInnes. In this series they travelled around Scotland, exploring alternative tourist activities.
He now presents his own show on BBC Radio nan Gàidheal, "Siubhal gu Seachd le Pluto". He is a supporter of West Ham United F.C.


Daniel Jocelyn

Daniel Jocelyn (born 11 September 1970) is a New Zealand equestrian. He competed in eventing at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.


Minnesota Wind Chill

The Minnesota Wind Chill are a professional ultimate team based in Saint Paul, Minnesota. The Wind Chill are a member of the Central Division of the American Ultimate Disc League (AUDL). It is the only team in the AUDL to represent a state rather than a specific city.
Roster.
2017.
Current Wind Chill Players for the 2017 Season:
Management.
Ben Feldman - Coach

Omar Ansari - Owner

Ben Feldman - Owner/General Manager

Jim Mott - Owner

Results.
Team history.
The Minnesota Wind Chill was founded in 2013 by original owner Santiago Escobar. In 2017, ownership transferred to the current owners.


Aliveness (martial arts)

Aliveness, also referred to as alive training describes martial arts training methods that are spontaneous, non-scripted, and dynamic. Alive training is performed with the intent to win, rather than for mastery or demonstration purposes as in regular sparring, where victory is not an option. Aliveness has also been defined in relation to martial arts techniques as an evaluation of combat effectiveness. Some trainers, like Cus D'Amato, Kevin Rooney, Floyd Mayweather Sr., resort to the alive training, requesting both their trainees and sparring partners to do their best. Such method became known as the wars in the gym (or sometimes Philly wars by the place they reportedly originated). Others, like Angelo Dundee, prefer rather mild and less extreme methods.
Components of aliveness.
Aliveness often attempts to mimic the level of resistance found in the activity the training is intended to prepare a student for, i.e. Hand-to-Hand Combat or Combat sport.
According to MMA gym owner Matt Thornton, an Alive training method must incorporate "Movement", including spontaneous footwork and the active resistance and intent of all parties during drills or sparring; "Timing", in which there is no "predictable rhythm... pattern, [or] repeatable series of sets" which would lead students away from acquiring applicable skill; and "Energy", the practice of committing, with intent and realism, a given technique during sparring, "bag work" or drills. Matt goes on to say that "...there are many things we may do that improve [our] bodies that are not 'Alive'. Its just that all of those things fall under the category of conditioning/exercise... Aliveness comes in when you include a partner."
Training benefits.
Many believe that incorporating Aliveness into training regimens is important, if not a requisite for producing an effective martial artist. Because Alive training involves resisting opponents, sparring sessions produce situations of continuous, un-choreographed attack, an effect which cannot be replicated through the practice of rehearsed routines. Students also learn to deal with the physical pain and stresses involved in combat situations requiring high levels of exertion. Alive training imparts a sense of fluidity and spontaneity; Alive drills do not follow set patterns, and are designed to seamlessly transition from one drill to the next.
Not only Tyson's camp resorted for such extremes in the training, as Jesse Ferguson recalled Razor Ruddock (trained by George Chuvalo,) Lennox Lewis and Michael Moorer's camps employed the same philosophy of survival type of fight instead of a regular sparring.
Training methods.
The Judo practice of Randori has been called an alive training method because of its unpredictability and the intense active resistance by both participants. Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu pressure-tests its techniques in an alive setting against resisting opponents. Sparring and competitions in Kyokushin Karate and Sanshou in Chinese martial arts are examples of alive practice. "Thai Pad" work in Muay Thai conditioning is an alive drill, focusing on dynamic, spontaneous and hard-contact striking training. In the "internal" Chinese martial arts, the two-person drill Pushing Hands can often be an alive training method that incorporates spontaneous throws and takedowns.
In the 1930s, Zhejiang police officer Liu Jinsheng noted a decline in the aliveness of Chinese martial arts practice:
As for boxing, it is widely known that daily gym sparrings in Philadelphia, the 'middleweight capital of the world,' were often as tough as most professional fights, the dividends of this approach were that 'Philly warriors' fought with incredible determination and ability to absorb punishment. For that reason some boxers moved to Philadelphia, to spar hard and improve their skills in the toughest way.


Supermarine F.C.


Tvrtko Kale

Tvrtko Kale (now Dreshler Kale, ; born 5 June 1974) is a retired Croatian-Israeli footballer who played as of July 2015 for Maccabi Kiryat Gat. The newspaper "Slobodna Dalmacija" rated him the best player in the Croatian First League in 2004.
Football career.
Born in Samobor, Zagreb, Croatia, Kale started his career at NK Lokomotiva before moving to NK Hrvatski Dragovoljac in 1994 and NK Čakovec in 1995. From 1996 to 1998 he played for NK Inker moving around the Croatian League until signing with Hajduk Split in 2004. He was league champion with Hajduk in the 2004/2005 season. Starting in 2006, he played for Neuchâtel Xamax.
On 22 June 2007, Kale was transferred from Maccabi Tel Aviv to Israeli league champions Beitar Jerusalem for a price of $350,000 and a 2-year deal worth $300,000 per annum.
Kale moved to Hapoel Be'er Sheva for the 2009–2010 season, and scored one goal for the club
Personal life.
In an interview with Israeli sport portal Sport 5, Tvrtko revealed that he is a Jew according to Jewish law, since his grandmother on his mother's side was Jewish. In September 2007, Kale received his own Israeli identity card. He is engaged to Ronit Dahan, who is Jewish. In June 2010 Kale decided to change his first name so it would be more Jewish due to his forthcoming wedding. His new name is Dreshler.


Tasmanian Football League

The Tasmanian State League (TSL), colloquially known as the "Tasmanian Football League (TFL)" (formerly known as the "Tasmanian Australian National Football League (TANFL)" and several other short-term names) is the highest ranked Australian rules football league in Tasmania, Australia.
The league has a long and convoluted history which dates back to its founding on 12 June 1879 (giving it some claim to the title of the third oldest club football league in the world), but the name "TFL" (also the state's football governing body) was removed after it was liquidated with crushing debts in February 1999 and replaced by an independent commission (Football Tasmania) and the competition was renamed the Tasmanian State Football League (1999) and the SWL (2000) until the number of clubs in financial difficulty made the league unsustainable and it collapsed in December 2000. After long negotiations and discussions it was reinstated as a ten club competition in 2009.
History.
Post war years.
In 1944, the Tasmanian Australian National Football League (TANFL) directors met to discuss restructuring of the league which was scheduled to return in 1945 after three seasons in recession due to World War II. The clubs would represent their various districts rather than being individual clubs.
Two new clubs (Hobart & Sandy Bay) would join North Hobart and New Town at the expense of Cananore and Lefroy which went out of existence during the World War II cessation.
In 1947 the TANFL voted to include a further two clubs (Clarence –formed in 1903– and New Norfolk –formed in 1878–) from the Southern District Football Association for a three-year probationary period. On 7 August 1950, the clubs unanimously voted to retain the two clubs as permanent members of the competition.
At the end of the 1956 season, New Town FC relocated itself to the municipality of Glenorchy and absorbed the already existing local club Glenorchy Rovers; on 8 April 1957 the TANFL ratified the club's new name as "Glenorchy District Football Club", its new home ground was the 1950-built KGV Park.
This era would be the strongest one for the league with a succession of star players in its ranks, record crowds and huge public support.
From 1979–1985 the TANFL would be known as the "Winfield League" under a naming-rights sponsorship arrangement with a tobacco company.
Disbandment.
The league disbanded due to a dwindling of clubs able to financially cope and fell under the umbrella of "Football Tasmania" (which was soon renamed AFL Tasmania).
Three regional leagues absorbed the clubs from the Statewide League. This was represented by the 2 main North/South leagues and subsidiary regional leagues which underpinned the Tasmanian Devils VFL team, created in 2001 which was owned and funded by the Australian Football League and administered by AFL Tasmania.
Tasmanian State League.
After a hiatus of eight years, AFL Tasmania announced plans for a return of the statewide league in 2009.
The concept attracted widespread public and media debate on the return of a statewide competition, with many in the football world hesitant over such a move due to the perilous financial position most of the participating clubs were left in after the previous competition was disbanded in 2000.
Many believed the push for a return of the league was a direct result of the media and the Tasmanian State Government's strong campaign in getting a Tasmanian team admitted into the AFL.
Under the AFL Tasmania plan, ten (10) clubs were invited to join the competition.
Clarence, Glenorchy, Hobart and North Hobart along with former Southern amateur club Lauderdale in the South. North Launceston, South Launceston and Launceston from the North and Devonport and Burnie Dockers from the North-West Coast.
The response from many clubs was initially lukewarm at best with many concerned at the lack of detail in the AFL Tasmania plan and the rushed decision-making process of the move.
Ulverstone from the North West Coast bowed to pressure from its playing list and some factional groups within the club to put in a submission to join the competition in 2009. Despite a membership vote narrowly ending in favour of joining, the Robins had missed the AFL Tasmania enforced deadline and were initially to be included in the 2010 roster, however the remaining clubs (most notably its closest and most bitter rival Devonport) exerted considerable pressure upon the League not to alter the current makeup of teams for a period of ten years, therefore Ulverstone were excluded from joining.
SFL Premier League club Kingborough also lobbied AFL Tasmania to be included in the competition, but their case for inclusion was dismissed by the game's governing body due to their inadequate facilities and poor standard Kingston Beach Oval headquarters. Former TFL club New Norfolk (1947–1999) was also not invited to join the league because of their poor financial position. Also, as a result of the new competition getting off the ground, the Tasmania Devils VFL team was disbanded.
On 4 April 2009, the opening match of the reformed competition took place at King George V Park between the reigning premiers of the SFL Premier League, Glenorchy and reigning NTFL premier Launceston and resulted in a 21-point triumph to the Blues.
The inaugural Grand Final was held at Bellerive Oval on 19 September between old rivals Glenorchy and Clarence resulting in a thrilling 6-point victory to the Roos in front of 7,534 fans.
The 2010 season started brightly with over 12,000 attending the first round of matches but soon after there was a great deal of off-field controversy with former Tasmanian Premier Paul Lennon originally accepting an unpaid role acting as a mediator between the clubs and AFL Tasmania as the relationship between the clubs and the governing body had become further strained. However, after only two weeks of the season, three clubs (Clarence, North Launceston and North Hobart) had decided to do their own bidding and Lennon walked away from the position.
There were further controversies, namely AFL Tasmania's decision to withdraw support for the Reserve grade competition after the Burnie Dockers announced only days before the start of the season that they would not be fielding a reserve grade side. Two other clubs (Hobart and Launceston) also struggled to field a reserves team throughout the season, and as a result the competition was run by the clubs themselves for the remainder of the season. It would be axed at season's end.
A finals set-up that included an extra week was roundly criticised by football pundits across the State and it failed to garner great enthusiasm amongst the footballing public as small crowds attended, with AFL Tasmania later admitting that they would be looking at returning to the more tradition Final Five set-up in 2011.
During the 2013 season, South Launceston decided that it would not pursue a new TSL licence at the end of the season, and arranged to move into the newest Northern Tasmanian Football Association in 2014; despite this, the club went on to win the 2013 premiership, meaning that there was no defending premier in 2014. The club was replaced by the Prospect State Football Club, which competes under the formal club name of Western Storm Football Club. At the same time, the North Hobart Football Club was forced to disband as a team by AFL Tasmania in favour of the newly established Hobart City Football Club, whilst the Hobart Tigers left for the Southern Football League. These movements were forced upon the league to make space for a new AFL Tasmania backed TSL club, the Kingborough Tigers Football Club.
Prior to 2016, the Western Storm was rebranded as the Prospect Hawks; but it was unable to field a senior team in 2016, managing only to field an uncompetitive team in the reserves, before being expelled from the league at the end of the 2016 season. Prior to 2018, both north-western clubs – Burnie and Devonport – found themselves unable to viably field teams in the competition, with withdrew, reducing the size of the competition to seven teams.
On October 9, 2017 the paying members of the Hobart City Demons voted 371-118 in favour of returning the playing name of the club to the North Hobart identity for season 2018 and beyond.
Clubs.
The Tasmanian Football League operates on a single table system, with no divisions, conferences nor promotion and relegation from other leagues.
Premierships, leading goalkickers and records.
Since the first championship held in 1879, North Hobart has won the most premiers with 27 titles. The first champion ever was City FC, a club now defunct.
Individual awards.
Alistair Lynch Medal Winners.
Formerly known as the Tassie Medal, presented to the Best and Fairest player in the Tasmanian State League from 2009.
Peter Hudson Medal Winners.
Presented to the Leading Goalkicker in the Tasmanian State League from 2009.
"Former Individual Awards".
Wilson Bailey Trophy Winners.
It was presented to the best and fairest player in the TFL/TANFL from 1927 until 1929. It was replaced by the William Leitch Medal in 1930.
George Watt Medallists.
It was presented to the best and fairest player in the TANFL from 1935 until 1939. It replaced the William Leitch Medal although it ended up being replaced by it in 1940
William Leitch Medal.
The William Leitch medal was presented to the best & fairest player in the TANFL/TFL Statewide League from 1930–1934 and 1940–2000.
As of 2009 when the Tasmanian State League was revived, AFL Tasmania decided to award the Tassie Medal to the best and fairest player in the revamped competition as it was seen (particularly in the North) that the William Leitch medal was too Hobart-centric.
The medal continues to be presented to the best and fairest player in the Southern Football League since 2004.
Audience.
Media.
Official Magazine.
Currently there is no official magazine for games during the 2014 season. A new provider and TSL Record is currently being re-designed for the 2015 season and beyond through Tall Zebra Media.
Television.
The ABC and TVT6 (Now WIN Tasmania) have broadcast the league previously.
All Tasmanian based stations have news and results shown regularly in their news broadcasts. Southern Cross report full-time scores from the TFL as well as other leagues around the state during the half time break of their Saturday night AFL broadcast.
Radio.
League matches were formerly broadcast on radio from 1931 to 2000, however there are currently no radio broadcasts of TFL football with the exception of the Grand Final and the occasional roster game on ABC Local Radio which is also streamed online.
Newspapers.
The "Hobart Mercury" in the South, "The Examiner" in Launceston and the North as well as "The Advocate" on the North West Coast all provide extensive coverage of TSL football in their publications.
Attendance.
The Tasmanian Football league crowds compete heavily with AFL matches on television. Crowds at the beginning of the season are usually quite high and are up with the mainland state football competitions. Attendances usually slide considerably until it will increase during the finals. Night games, especially ones that do not clash with AFL matches are well attended.
Patrons at TFL games pay at the gates or hold club season passes.


Breaking (martial arts)

Breaking is a martial arts technique that is used in competition, demonstration and testing. Breaking is an action where a martial artist uses a striking surface to break one or more objects using the skills honed in their art form. The striking surface is usually a hand or a foot, but may also be a fingertip, toe, head, elbow, knuckle, or knee. The most common object is a piece of wood or brick, though it is also common to break cinder blocks, glass, or even a piece of metal such as steel bars. Glass is usually discouraged, since its shards may cause injury when broken.
Breaking can often be seen in karate, taekwondo and pencak silat. Spetsnaz are also known for board and brick breaking, but not all styles of martial arts place equal emphasis on it or use it. In styles where striking and kicking are less important and there is an emphasis on grappling or weaponry, breaking is less prominent. Traditional Japanese martial art schools place little, if any, emphasis on board-breaking, although the art of breaking objects was known as "tameshiwari" (試し割り), while the similar practice of Tameshigiri or 'test cutting' is used in sword arts.
Types.
Competitive breaking can be based on artistic impression, number of items broken in a given amount of time, number of items broken with a single strike, or time to break a number of items. There are several certified breaking categories in various journals of world records such as the Guinness Book. In a demonstration, a martial artist exhibits his or her skill by executing an impromptu or choreographed sequence of breaks for an audience. Martial arts schools sometimes demonstrate challenging breaks in order to gain publicity and inspire enrollment or attendance.
During promotion testing, many styles of martial arts require that students demonstrate their skills by executing breaks; the difficulty of a required break depends on the rank for which the student is testing. Failure to execute a required break is often sufficient grounds for failure of a promotion test.
Materials.
Wooden boards are the most common breaking item in most martial arts, Individual boards used may range from nominal sizes as small as 6″×12″×1″ (152×305×25 mm) to as large as 12″×12″×1″ (305×305×25 mm; a board with a nominal thickness of 1″ has an actual thickness of ¾″ or 19 mm). The typical adult testing board is approximately 10″×12″×1″ (254×305×25 mm).
The grain of the board must be cut so as to be parallel with the striking hand.
Children may use narrower and thinner boards, with 4- and 5-year-olds sometimes breaking boards as small as 4″×12″×½″ (102×305×13 mm), and there are also plastic boards made of different composites which can vary the difficulty level involved in breaking.
Technique.
In general, breaking is used both as a method of measuring force of strikes for martial artists, as there was no other way to do this and only recently have devices such as accelerometers been used in martial arts, and as a measurement of mental fortitude, the ability of the mind and body to overcome.
Generally, a martial artist engaged in breaking will practice by repeatedly hitting hard surfaces. Masutatsu Oyama, a famous breaker who was known for breaking the horns off bulls, would use trees. In karate, a device called a makiwara is used; this device has found more popular use by practitioners of other martial arts today. In the past, Shaolin and other earlier martial artists would use many different types of devices in order to condition themselves, not always for simply breaking, but using the same concepts used today. For instance, there is Iron Palm, Iron Shin, Iron Shirt, Iron Head, and other types of training which center around conditioning various parts of the body so they could withstand or give blows such as what is seen today in martial arts breaking. Many Chinese systems also are of the school of thought that "internal energy" or Chi is used when breaking, which is not dependent upon muscle strength and body weight.
The general principles used in martial arts breaking training is similar to the same principles used for most athletics. The body adapts to stress. There are generally three areas a martial arts breaker wishes to force their body to adapt to: the bones, the skin (calluses), and muscles (for both mass and speed). The general principle here — for instance, for the bones — is found in Wolff's law, which states that the skeletal system will, after healing, be stronger if injury is put to it. Craig Edmunds demonstrates this theory after breaking hand in seminar measuring bone density then measuring bone density after healing. In this manner the breaking practitioner operates not unlike a bodybuilder who works out with weights, then takes a period of rest to heal and allow the muscles to come back stronger.
This kind of training is called "progressive resistance training". Often differences in body structure can be seen in the form of calcium deposits between a breaking practitioner and a non-practitioner. Mike Reeves, a champion breaker, advocates in his book the usage of a makiwara and knuckle push-ups. With knuckle push-ups, he recommends starting on softer floor material and working your way up to concrete.
USBA/WBA Founder Drew Serrano, producer of the documentary "Breaking All Records", encourages practitioners to gradually increase the difficulty and amount of a material to avoid injury. He suggests that beginners should start with wood boards and increase the amount as technical prowess increases. Once a level of comfort, both physically and mentally, is reached, harder materials such as concrete can be attempted.
There are safety concerns with martial arts breaking, so one should seek out an instructor. There are many small bones of the foot and hand which need to be very carefully and slowly conditioned for safety. Repeated damage to the extensor capsules of the knuckles can lead to long term problems with dexterity.
Speed vs. Power vs. Impulse vs Soft Break.
There are generally 3 classifications of breaks: speed breaks, power breaks, and soft breaks. Additionally, there is a 4th, lesser-known, classification known as the impulse break.
"Speed breaks" are breaks where the striking object is not held in place. The only way to break the object is to strike the surface with sufficient speed at a focused point of impact. Sometimes a board to be broken is held lightly between two fingers by a person; an advanced "dan" test may involve an attempt to break a board as it falls through the air. Regardless of the strength of the striker, the board will only break if it is struck with sufficient velocity.
Another type of "Speed Break" is that which involves breaking a number of objects over a given amount of time. A common time span is 1 minute, but this can vary depending on the material and venue. In competition it is very common for a speed breaking category to limit the time to 8–10 seconds, enabling more competitors to participate. Records and specifics are kept track of by leading martial arts breaking organizations such as the USBA/WBA (United States and World Breaking Associations) and the ISKA (International Sports Karate Association).
"Power breaks" are breaks where the striking object is supported. Either the break will employ human holders for horizontal, angular, or upward vertical strikes, or the break will require that the objects be stacked for downward vertical strikes. For a stacked break the object is placed on sturdy supporting objects, such as concrete blocks, that are placed on the ground. Many color belt (belts before black belt) promotion testing breaks are power breaks—it is substantially easier for an inexperienced person to muster sufficient energy to break a wooden board with a power break (Note, this is not true for all breaks). The vast majority of these employ human board holders. Often a stronger or more powerful striker may substitute some strength for technique and successfully accomplish the break. Most records that are catalogued are for power breaks. It is very common for black belt tests to use bricks, concrete patio blocks, or several boards stacked on top of supporting objects for challenging downward strikes.
Taped boards are sometimes used to lessen the amount of human influence from the holders for a break. It is very difficult to hold a stack of boards more than 4 inches steadily enough for challenging break. Therefore, some strikers will tape a stack of boards together to make a "brick" for their holders to hold. Usually however, test breaks at promotions and events are done without taped boards.
Both the speed and power breaks deliver the energy required to overcome the tensor and flexion forces of the board through "mass displacement", where the kinetic energy is given by 1/2 m*v2. That is, either the speed of the striking implement (hand/foot/etc.) has to be high enough, or the striker must be strong enough to increase effective mass brought into the break (i.e. his or her body weight) to exceed the brick/board's threshold. For single boards, it is generally easy (as in the casual person has a sufficient reserve of mass) to reach this threshold through a power break.
The third method, "soft breaks", also known as "ki" breaks almost always involve the use of "flat hand" strikes; primarily the palm, as it's easier to accomplish a successful break with forward momentum, but sometimes the back of the hand (in a semi outstretched configuration) it utilized to exhibit the person's prowess, as this alternate method usually entails certain conditioning of the hand to endure the stress of impact (see note on Wolff's Law above) as well as using a less natural arm position when delivering the blow. The material is usually supported, horizontally, on two ends. The breaker raises their hand and lets it fall with no tension or significant flexing of the muscles, instead relying mostly on gravity, in order to palm strike the material. The material is broken by a complete energy transfer all the way through, in a direct line from the palm to the other side of the material. The impact also passes through a wider, more dispersed area and from a martial art perspective therefore causes more damage than other strikes, if delivered to a human adversary. This break is akin to striking a person with a slap, although more energy is transferred into the target than what is typically conveyed by a mere slap. Thus, such a palm strike can cause significant internal damage while leaving few signs of the damage externally (possibly a red mark but not much else), whereas a punch or similar strike, would tend to cause recognizably more external damage, such as bruising, swelling, etc., regardless of how much internal disruption was inflicted. Any person of any age, such as elderly people up to 80 and 90 years of age, can do this break with little injury to themselves. The most serious repercussions may be a palm that tingles afterward, should the break be unsuccessful. This method of break, even if utilizing more than one piece of material and additionally done with no spacers, is easily attainable by people of any age or gender, provided they have sufficiently practiced the technique.
Though fundamentally different, the 4th kind of break — the "impulse break" — is often confused with a speed break (i.e. the first one of the 2 types noted above), because the striking implement often moves at a high velocity, despite the success of the break not depending on such speed. But moving your hand or foot or other body part very quickly, is where the similarity ends. The energy transmission from an impulse break derives not from mass displacement, but from wave transmission (e.g. as an ocean wave hits a beach). The mass of the hand/foot/etc. typically does not travel through the medium, but only goes as far as necessary to deliver the wave—this results in an extremely brief contact with the face of the brick or board and it's the wave itself that causes the striking surface to flex and buckle. The less flexible the striking surface, the more likely it is to break. An advanced aspect of this type of break can be seen where several bricks are placed on supports without spacers, and the person performing the break chooses which brick will break, e.g. breaking only the middle brick of 3 stacked bricks, although the top or bottom brick could just as easily be targeted. This feat was demonstrated in China in the early part of the last century, by well-known qi-gong masters, many who performed it with 5 or 7 bricks or slabs of concrete, and the really talented masters could break two bricks, even if unconnected to one another (e.g. breaking the third and sixth bricks in a stack of 7).
Pegged vs. unpegged (spaced vs. unspaced).
There are two types of multiple stacked board settings: pegged (spaced) and unpegged (unspaced). Unpegged stacks are where multiple items are stacked directly on top of each other.
Pegged stacks are stacks where multiple items are stacked with spacing items (often referred to as spacers) between them, usually wood spacers. "Unpegged" stacking allows a direct transfer of kinetic energy and the striker must maintain peak force much longer than an "pegged" stack as the striker moves down through the pile they are encountering the resistance of each board individually instead of creating enough force to flex and break an entire stack unspaced."
This is due to the way in which the two materials break. Wood, which is a natural fibrous matrix, flexes to a certain degree before it snaps at the target point. When unpegged, this allows for an entire stack of wood to flex upon impact, resulting in the break occurring in the order of furthest board from impact to the closest board (albeit a fraction of a second difference separates each board, making it appear instantaneous). This can be witnessed in many novice demonstrations where the rear board will break, but the remaining top boards are intact. When pegged, the gap between the boards necessitates each individual board to flex and snap before the next board is reached in succession. Bricks, on the other hand, are ceramic, and snap (or shatter) upon impact, with no flex action.
When using a pegged design, the setup and positioning of the pegs is critical. Competitors work extremely close with their team to ensure that each peg is in proper location and will not shift. A peg that shifts from its location can potentially interfere with the overall break of the stack. If careful consideration and measures are not taken, pegs will typically shift during the initial stack and setting of the break.
Concrete patio blocks, used in most major breaking competitions, require the competitor to "shock" the material and drive through from top to bottom.
Spacing of materials in competition is also important to enable a clear winner to be established as the number of stacked items increases. Whereas a limit of five unspaced patio blocks may be a common sticking point from one competitor to another, a stack of spaced patio blocks can provide more variables because of the increased confidence, which will narrow the field of competitors. This use of spacers makes competition more dynamic and exciting for competitors and spectators alike.


Ludwig von Salm-Hoogstraeten

Count Ludwig "Ludi" von Salm-Hoogstraeten (; ; 24 February 1885 – 23 July 1944) was an Austrian tennis player. He competed in the men's outdoor singles event at the 1912 Summer Olympics. He reached the quarterfinal in which he lost to South African Harold Kitson in straight sets.
Salm-Hoogstraeten played in six ties for the Austrian Davis Cup team between 1924 and 1928 and compiled a record of four wins and eight losses.
Early life and family.
Count Salm was born 24 February 1885 in Bad Homburg vor der Höhe to Count Alfred von Salm-Hoogstraeten, a Prussian Cavalry officer in the Franco-Prussian War, and Baroness Adolphine von Erlanger. He had three brothers, Alfred, Otto and Alexander. The latter two were also tennis players and formed a doubles team, were Austrian champions and competed in the 1914 US Indoor Championships. His family held an estate at Reichenau, and as the oldest child, he was the first in line to inherit it.
Tennis career.
1910–1914.
Ludwig von Salm was particularly successful in doubles competitions. His pre-World War I career included a mixed final in the Les Avants tournament with Miss Turner, which he lost to Eric Pockley and Miss Brook-Smith. In April 1911 he won the San Remo doubles together with Anthony Wilding after defeating the German duo of Curt Bergmann and Friedrich Rahe. The same month they split for the Croquet et Lawn-Tennis Club de Cannes championships, Wilding played with A. Wallis Myers, Salm chose Robert Kleinschroth, and the four of them met in the semifinal, which was won by Wilding and Myers. In 1912 he was a singles runner-up for the Biarritz Golf Club tournament, losing to Rahe; however, he was still successful in doubles, winning the inaugural Russian Championships doubles pairing with home favorite Mikhail Sumarokov-Elston. In 1913, he was a doubles semifinalist in the Monaco tournament with French netman Max Decugis but ceded the victory to Kleinschroth and Rahe in a straight two-set match. In 1914, pairing again with Wilding, they clinched the Cannes doubles title by beating Decugis and Gordon Lowe. At Nice, Wilding and Craig Biddle defeated Salm and Gordon Lowe. The same year, he was the finalist for the World Hard Court Championships mixed doubles and the French Championships doubles. In the former with Suzanne Lenglen, he was routed by Elizabeth Ryan and Max Decugis. In the latter, he and William Laurentz fell in the challenge round to title defenders Max Decugis and Maurice Germot.
Although he only reached the second round of the Wimbledon singles in 1913, he did better in the All England Plate, a consolation tournament for losing participants, where he was eliminated by Horace Rice in the fourth round. In 1914, Salm achieved his biggest achievement in the French Championships by advancing to the All Comers' final of the tournament, where he was forced to give up the contest to Jean Samazeuilh at the fifth set due to fatigue.
A week later he reached the final of the World Hard Court Championships, losing to Anthony Wilding in straight sets.
1920–1930, on-court controversies.
After the war, he made his comeback at the 1920 German International Tennis Championships, winning the doubles title with Oscar Kreuzer. In 1924, the French Riviera tennis clubs refused him entry to their championships for his lack of sportsmanship. In 1925, his playing license was suspended by the Austrian Lawn Tennis Federation for failing to show up at an international match in Breslau (this ban was lifted a couple of years later). During that season, he violated the attitude code on several occasions. In a Viennese doubles match, he insulted his recurring partner Suzanne Lenglen to the point that she dropped her racquet and quit the match. He also provoked Irish player Charles Scroope in a Davis Cup meeting by constantly questioning the umpire's decisions.
In 1926, he reached the quarterfinals of the French International Hard Court Championship partnering Béla von Kehrling; they were defeated by eventual victors Howard Kinsey and Vincent Richards. Also in 1926, he won the Rot-Weiss Tennis Club of Berlin tournament, a victory which caused a major scandal. Count Salm verbally abused his 18-old opponent Herman Wetzel, who then walked off the court in the second set. The judges overruled the first decision and awarded the match to Salm, reasoning that Wetzel had voluntarily left the court. It was the second time within a year that Salm's misbehavior stirred international controversy, and as a result, an official ban was requested to deny him access to tournaments. On another occasion in 1928, while he was participating in the mixed doubles at Cannes, he drew attention when he walked off the court in outrage during a match after a ball flew in from outside, distracting him so that he lost the point. He came back when he heard the laughter of the spectators. His partner, Blanche Gladys Duddell, wife of Edward Murray Colston, 2nd Baron Roundway, was \upset by the count's actions, and her husband officially protested during this interruption to ensure that the rules prevented the count from leaving the court again.
In 1928 at New Courts Club tournament in Cannes, Salm partnered with Austrian champion Hermann von Artens and won the doubles without losing a set. In 1929, the Austrian team pushed to the semifinals of the South of France Championships, where they were stopped by René Gallèpe and Charles Aeschlimann. In 1930, he claimed the Austrian International Championships doubles, teaming up with eventual world number one Bill Tilden. He was also runner-up in Ostend, Venice, and Merano with three different partners. In 1931, he earned a second place at the veterans' singles of the French Championships granting a flawless two straight sets victory to Briton Leighton Crawford.
Personal life and death.
During World War I, Count von Salm-Hoogstraeten served as a dragoon officer in the Austrian Army and as a military aide to the governor of Vienna. After the war he settled in Vienna, where he lost much of his fortune and properties over card games held at the Jockey Club. He married his first wife, Anne-Marie von Kramsta, on 30 June 1909. His second marriage, on 8 January 1924, was to American heiress Millicent Rogers and produced one son, but the couple had divorced before he was born. Apart from playing tennis, he occasionally acted in movies because his friend Count Alexander Kolowrat, who was a film producer and owner of Sascha-Film. His director Mihály Kertész encouraged Kolowrat to offer Salm movie roles and hire him.
He was cast in three feature films alongside Lucy Doraine, including the "Masters of the Sea" and "A Vanished World". In 1929, he published a book dedicated to his son, Peter, titled "Mein lieber Peter ... beichte eines vaters". While living in Austria, he gave private tennis etiquette and fair-play lessons to Viennese children. After his financial breakdown, Salm moved to Budapest and started a wine business. He rented and lived in a second-story room in the Hotel Dunapalota-Ritz.
On 23 July 1944, he jumped off the hotel balcony onto the Danube Promenade and died immediately. According to the "Winona Daily News", he did so because the Nazis had arrived on the scene to arrest him for his Jewish ancestry. According to his friend Sidney Wood, the root cause behind his suicide was that the Nazi regime pressured him to engage in espionage, which he refused to do and thus the SS wanted to hunt him down. On the contrary, according to the "Jewish Criterion", he was a Nazi collaborator and avid anti-Semite and chose to end his life in fear of post-war reprisals. He was buried on 28 July; his funeral became social affair.


Yoav Gath

Yoav Gath (; born November 8, 1980) is an Olympic and national-record backstroke swimmer from Israel. He swam for Israel at the 2000 Olympics.
He was the first Israeli swimmer under two minutes in the 200 back.
He won gold 1995, European Youth Olympics at Bath, 1996 Silver, European Junior Champs. Copenhagen, 2000 Bronze, European Champs., Helsinki, Long-course, 2001 Silver, European Champs., Antwerp, Short-course. 2001 Fukuoka, World Champs, 8th, Long-course. 2002 Moscow, World Champs, 6th, Short-course.
At the 2005 Maccabiah Games, he won a gold medal in the 100 m and 200 m backstroke.


Dawn-to-dusk transcontinental flight across the United States

The "Dawn to dusk" transcontinental flight across the United States was a pioneering aviation record established June 23, 1924. It marked the first crossing of the North American continent within the hours of daylight.
The record was set by 1st Lt. Russell L. Maughan, a U.S. Army Air Service test pilot at McCook Field, Dayton, Ohio, the site of the Air Service Engineering Division and its major flight-test center.
Concept and flight plan.
The plan for the flight was conceived by the Air Service's Assistant Chief, Brig. Gen. Billy Mitchell in 1923. The Air Service since 1919 had been regularly establishing endurance, distance, altitude and speed records in airplanes to promote favorable publicity and public support for the funding of the U.S. Army War Department's Major Project Number 4, the Lassiter plan for the expansion of the Air Service. The year before Lt. James H. Doolittle had flown a DH-4 from Florida to San Diego in a single calendar day, making just one stop in Texas for fuel. Mitchell wanted to not only improve on both the time and distance involved, but to have the stunt highly publicized by having it takeoff and land during daylight at major urban centers. The military purpose of the flight would be to demonstrate the utility of rapidly moving air units from one side of the nation to the other, a capability that the Army and Navy did not possess.
The original calculations for the flight were that in early summer, including twilight, 20 hours of daylight were available for a westbound flight. By averaging an hour, the distance of from New York to San Francisco could be covered in 16 hours 40 minutes. Mitchell had struck a deal with Curtiss Aircraft to purchase 25 new PW-8 fighters, patterned after the R-6 Racer, if Curtiss would help modify one of the prototypes for use in the project. The D-12 engine on the PW-8 produced and Mitchell's intended modifications were to enable it to make the flight at full throttle power setting. If the armament and unnecessary equipment were also removed from the XPW-8, additional fuel capacity could be installed to extend its range, and larger oil tanks for engine cooling. The flight plan calculated four stops of 30 minutes each for refueling. McCook Field, Ohio; Saint Joseph, Missouri; Cheyenne, Wyoming; and remote Salduro Siding, Utah, were selected as refueling points, following a recently established mail route.
Maughan was chosen to make the flight because he was an experienced test pilot and a combat veteran accustomed to dealing with in-flight emergencies, and because he had already established speed records in 1922 and 1923 in the R-6.
The first two attempts to set the record.
The first attempt to establish the record was flown on July 10, 1923. Maughan took off from Mitchel Field, Long Island, at 4:56 a.m. The Allegheny Mountains were obscured by a thick undercast, and unable to navigate by landmarks, Maughan flew by dead reckoning, arriving at McCook Field 90 minutes behind schedule, where a broken tail fin rib caused an additional delay. The engine of the PW-8 quit in flight over Illinois because of a clogged fuel line, and Maughan made a forced landing in a farm field, damaging the landing gear and ending the attempt.
The second attempt to set the record was made on July 19. After a 5:08 a.m. takeoff, Maughan completed the first leg to McCook Field at 8:35 a.m, taking off again at 8:53 a.m. After reaching Saint Joseph, where he spent 39 minutes on the ground, Maughan experienced severe nausea from oil fumes on the next leg. He reached Cheyenne, however, where a broken oil line was found and soldered together. Approximately 90 minutes after leaving Cheyenne the oil line ruptured again and the nausea forced him to land at the air mail field at Rock Springs, Wyoming.
The first two attempts had indicated that maximum performance was stressing the engine of the PW-8, necessitating that additional time be factored into the flight plan. With available daylight already reduced by a half-hour by the date of the second attempt, no further tries were made in 1923.
Setting the record.
The next attempt was made using a different plane, serial number 24-204, the fourth PW-8 production aircraft. Curtiss modified it at its Long Island plant, removing its guns and mounts and increasing the 77-gallon fuel capacity by an additional 100 gallons. Maughan rose before dawn and ate breakfast at the Mitchel Field Officer's Open Mess: scrambled eggs, bacon, and toast, plus a slice of cantaloupe he found in the club's refrigerator. He also procured a copy of the June 22 "New York Times" to deliver personally to the mayor of San Francisco, James Rolph.
Maughan took off from Mitchel Field at 3:58 a.m. Eastern Standard Time, June 23, 1924. He flew through intermittent rain and fog but still averaged and reached McCook Field in Dayton, Ohio at 8:10 a.m. EST. Although mechanics serviced the plane around in twenty minutes, one of the field's mechanics over-torqued the filler cap while securing it to the fuel intake housing, and broke off the valve. The housing had to be removed, soldered, and replaced, costing an hour's delay.
Maughan encountered thunderstorms between Dayton and St. Joseph, but reached Saint Joseph without incident. The grass field there was soft from heavy rain, limiting the takeoff weight of his plane. Unable to take on a full load of fuel, Maughan flew to North Platte, Nebraska, where he completely filled the fuel tank, but which caused a further 20-minute delay.
The detour to North Platte also resulted in Maughan encountering a strong headwind, slowing his average groundspeed. He landed at the air mail field at Salduro Siding, a railroad stop adjacent to the Bonneville Salt Flats, at almost 6:30 p.m. local time and calculated that reaching San Francisco by dusk was still possible.
The last leg of the flight, over Nevada and the Sierra Nevada range, was characterized by cloud strata, making navigation difficult in low light conditions. Maughan, from Logan, Utah, was familiar with the terrain however and recognized sufficient landmarks to approach San Francisco Bay from the north. He used a revolving light on Alcatraz Island to guide him to Crissy Field, the military airfield at the Presidio of San Francisco, where he landed in front of an estimated 50,000 spectators at 9:46 p.m. Pacific Standard Time, reportedly a minute before dusk.
Maughan's total transit time was 20 hours and 48 minutes. His actual flight time was 18 hours and 20 minutes, at an average groundspeed of . In addition to the publicity value of being the first transcontinental crossing within the hours of daylight, the flight established new records for time, distance, and average speed (128.37 mph) in transcontinental flights.
Maughan's record was not eclipsed until August 20, 1928 when Hollywood stunt flier Arthur C. Goebel, in what was the first nonstop flight across the continent from west to east, flew from Los Angeles, California to Curtiss Field, New York in the Lockheed Vega "Yankee Doodle" (NX4789), in 18 hours and 58 minutes, averaging .


2008 Superleague Formula season

The 2008 Superleague Formula season was the inaugural Superleague Formula championship. The season started very late in 2008 with the first round being on August 31 at Donington Park. There were six rounds (twelve races) in total with the successful season finale at Circuito Permanente de Jerez on 23 November. In the 18 cars on the grid were established A1GP and GP2 drivers as well as two ex-Formula One race starters, Robert Doornbos and Antônio Pizzonia.
Beijing Guoan, run under former Formula One team Zakspeed with driver Davide Rigon, were eventually crowned the first ever champions at the last event of the season.


Leinster Intermediate Club Hurling Championship

"For the senior hurling equivalent see: Leinster Senior Club Hurling Championship"
The Leinster Intermediate Club Hurling Championship is an annual hurling tournament played between the county champions on intermediate level within the province of Leinster. The winners get to compete in the semi-final of the All-Ireland Intermediate Club Hurling Championship.
2006 Championship.
The 2006 Intermediate championship featured teams from Westmeath, Wexford, Kildare, Wicklow, Meath and Kilkenny. Since 2007, all the counties mentioned except Kilkenny and Wexford are not represented in the Leinster Senior Club Hurling Championship and this gives these so-called weaker counties a chance to show their hurling skills in a major competition. The senior champions of these weaker counties are better able to compete at this level. With Clonkill of Westmeath winning the Leinster Intermediate title and going on to capture the All-Ireland Intermediate Club Hurling Championship in 2007/08, the Westmeath champions have since participated in the Leinster Senior Championship, with noticeable results.
The following county's champions participated in the 2013 championship:
Intermediate champions: Wexford, Kilkenny
Senior champions: Wicklow, Kildare, Meath
Senior 'B' Champions: Dublin, Laois


Mimi Ryan

Mimi Ryan (born April 1, 1936) is a former American college golf coach. Ryan was the founder and long-time head coach of the Florida Gators women's golf program at the University of Florida. She is best known for leading the Florida Gators women's golfers to two back-to-back National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) national tournament championships.
Early life and education.
Ryan was born in Troy, New York in 1936. She was the daughter of John Ryan, an electrician, and his wife Mildred Pratt Ryan, a telephone operator who worked in the New York governor's office.
Ryan graduated from Bouve College in Boston Massachusetts with a bachelor's degree in physical education, then earned a second degree in education from Tufts University in Medford, Massachusetts, and a master's degree in education from the University of North Carolina in Greensboro, North Carolina.
Coaching career.
Ryan started her coaching career as the first head coach of the Penn State Nittany Lions women's golf team at Penn State University in State College, Pennsylvania, from 1964 to 1969. In 1969, she was hired to be a physical education instructor by dean Dennis K. Stanley of the College of Health and Human Performance at the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida. Shortly thereafter, Ryan was also hired to be one of the first generation of Florida Gators women's sports head coaches at the University of Florida.
University of Florida athletic director Ray Graves and associate athletic director Ruth H. Alexander had made the strategic decision to embrace Title IX, the new federal law requiring equal opportunities for women in U.S. college sports. Among the first programs started was the new Lady Gators women's golf program, and Ryan was recruited to start it from scratch—first as an intercollegiate club team in 1969, and then to elevate it as a varsity team in Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) competition in 1973. In the Lady Gators' first year as a varsity sports team, Ryan's Gators finished seventh at the AIAW national championship tournament, beginning a streak of nineteen consecutive top-ten finishes in the AIAW and NCAA national championship tournaments.
Ryan's golfers finished second in the AIAW national championship tournament in 1978 and 1979, but the Gators women's golf program peaked in the mid-1980s, when her Lady Gators won back-to-back NCAA national tournament championships in 1985 and 1986. Led by senior Deb Richard, the 1985 Gators dominated the NCAA tournament field to win their first national championship, and Richard missed winning the NCAA individual championship by a single stroke.
For the first time in NCAA history, all five starting members of her 1986 team were recognized as All-Americans, including senior team captain Lisa Stanley, freshmen Cheryl Morley and Lisa Nedoba, junior Page Dunlap, who won the 1986 NCAA individual championship, and sophomore Karen Davies, who won the 1986 SEC individual championship. Following the 1986 NCAA championship, the National Golf Coaches Association (NGCA) honored Ryan with its national coach of the year award and later inducted her into its Coaches Hall of Fame as one of its five "charter members."
Ryan's Lady Gators also won Southeastern Conference (SEC) championships in 1981, 1982, 1984, 1986, 1987 and 1991, and four of her golfers won a total of six SEC individual championships.
In the middle of the 1994 fall season, Ryan decided to retire after twenty-five years as the Lady Gators' head coach, citing her inability to continue to give her coaching responsibilities the full attention that her athletes deserved.
Life after golf.
Ryan was inducted into the University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame as an "Honorary Letter Winner" in 1996. Today, there is an endowed athletic scholarship in her name at the University of Florida. Ryan is retired, lives in Gainesville, and remains in active communication with her former players.


Nathaniel Lubell

Bennet Nathaniel Lubell, known as "Nate" (August 15, 1916 – September 17, 2006) was an American three-time Olympian fencer.
Early and personal life.
Lubell was born in New York City, and was Jewish. Later in life he lived in Fort Lee, New Jersey.
Fencing career.
He fenced for the City College of New York, graduating in 1936, and Lubell was inducted into the CCNY Athletic Hall of Fame in 1969.
Lubell won the United States Foil Fencing Championship in 1948, fencing for the Fencers Club of New York. He also helped the Fencers Club win the team foil in 1949-51, 1953, and 1955-56 at the Amateur Fencers League of America (AFLA) Championships.
At the 1951 Pan American Games, Lubell won the bronze medal in individual foil, team gold medals in foil and saber, and the silver medal in team epee.
Lubell competed for the United States in foil at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, and the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne.
He coached fencing at West Point from 1962-66. Lubell served as President of The New York Fencers Club during the 1970s.
Artist career.
Lubell was also a courtroom artist at the Nuremberg Trials, and later designed 15 US postage stamps.


Korea Open (table tennis)

The Korea Open is an annual table tennis tournament in South Korea. It is organised by the Korea Table Tennis Association, under the authority of the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF), and is currently one of six top-tier Platinum events on the ITTF World Tour.
History.
The tournament was first held in 1980, and has featured on the ITTF World Tour's schedule (former ITTF Pro Tour) every year since 2001.
China's Xu Xin currently holds the record for most men's singles tournament wins, with four, while Singapore's Feng Tianwei holds the record for most women's singles tournament wins, also with three.


Jo Aleh

Joanna Ayela Aleh (born 15 May 1986) is a New Zealand sailor. She is a national champion, a former world champion, and an Olympic gold medallist.
Aleh competes in the two-woman 470 dinghy, a double-handed monohull planing dinghy with a centreboard, Bermuda rig, centre sheeting and length overall of 4.70 metres.
Early and personal life.
Aleh is Jewish, and was born in Auckland, daughter of Israeli father Shuki Shukrun and British-born mother Daniella Aleh, a former Israeli soldier. She lives in Auckland where she began a degree in Mechanical Engineering at University of Auckland. But then sailing got in the way, and she moved on to AUT to continue her engineering degree, but then found it too hard to fit sailing and university, so she is currently studying a Bachelor of Information Science at Massey University extramurally. Her Israeli name is Kesem Shukrun, and she had a Bat Mitzvah in Be'er Sheva.
In the 2013 New Year Honours, Aleh was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit for services to sailing.
Sailing career.
Just before her ninth birthday, Aleh was impressed by the New Zealand victory in the 1995 America's Cup, and asked her father if she could learn to sail. She did a learn to sail course at the Ponsonby Cruising Club and with the help of her extended family a small sailing dinghy was purchased. She began her competitive career at the age of 11 in an Optimist. Her first competition event was the Auckland Anniversary Regatta, for Kohimarama YC, in 1998.
She then made sailing history as the first female to win the Tanner Cup since its inception in 1945. This highly contested interprovincial competition is sailed in P-class yachts.
She won the Auckland Optimist Girls' Championship in 2000, in Kohimarama YC. Her first international competition was the 2002 Cork Regatta, in Kingston, Canada, in the Byte Class, where she won both the Youth and Open divisions, then moved onto the youth classes (under 18) and competed at two ISAF Youth World Championships, finishing with a Silver medal in her final year.
Aleh then began the road to Beijing, competing in the Laser Radial class (women's single handed class) with a string of successful results including a World Cup event win, and a Silver medal at the Pre-Olympic Test Event in Qingdao, China.
In 2007, she won the 420 World Championships at Takapuna, sailing with Olivia "Polly" Powrie.
She then competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Women's one-person dinghy, coming seventh.
Aleh and her sailing partner Olivia "Polly" Powrie won a silver medal in the 2010 470 World Championships in The Hague, Netherlands, and a bronze medal in the 470 World Championships in the 2011 ISAF Sailing World Championships in Perth, Australia. She and Powrie finished fourth at the Barcelona World Championships in May 2012, won the women's 470 class in the World Cup in Weymouth, England, in June 2012, and are the current New Zealand 470 national champions.
In August 2012 she and Powrie won the gold medal in the 470 class at the Olympic Games in Weymouth and Portland, England.
In August 2013, exactly a year after winning their Olympic gold medal, Aleh and Powrie won the world title at the 2013 470 World Championships in La Rochelle, France.
Aleh's highest world rankings have been No. 1 in the Women's Laser Radial (5 March 2008), and No. 1 in the Women's 470 (2013).
She now primarily sails a 470 with the Auckland yacht club known as the Takapuna Boating Club. Her coach since 2009 has been Nathan Handley.
She is a life member of the Kohimarama Yacht Club, Takapuna Boating Club and Yachting New Zealand, and is a current member of the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron.
Aleh trialled with "Team Brunel" before the 2017–18 Volvo Ocean Race but was not selected and instead joined consultancy firm Ernst & Young.
She updates her blog: The Journey regularly where she writes about life as an athlete, the transition to 'normal' life and the journey that is life after Olympic campaigning.


Dominican Republic national beach handball team

The Dominican Republic national beach handball team is the national team of the Dominican Republic. It is governed by the Dominican Republic Handball Federation and takes part in international beach handball competitions.
During the 2006 Beach Handball World Championships the team finished in 10th place after being defeated by the Russian team 2–0.


Cemil Topuzlu Open-Air Theatre

The Cemil Topuzlu Open-Air Theatre (, also called simply "Açıkhava Tiyatrosu") is a contemporary amphitheatre located at Harbiye neighborhood of Şişli district in Istanbul, Turkey. It is situated across from the Istanbul Lütfi Kırdar Convention and Exhibition Center, and behind the Hilton Istanbul Bosphorus on the European side of the city.
As the city's most popular summertime outdoor venue, the theatre primarily hosts music concerts in various genres of local and international performers. It also hosts cultural activities for several festivals held in Istanbul in the summer.
History.
The construction of the open-air theatre was proposed by French urban planner Henri Prost (1874–1959), who developed a project for Istanbul in the 1930s. Designed by Turkish architects Nihad Yücel and Nahid Uysal, the groundbreaking took place in July 1946, in the office time of Lütfi Kırdar (1887–1961), governor and mayor of Istanbul.
The amphitheatre was opened on August 9, 1947 with a ceremony. However, it took its final form after German stage director Carl Ebert (1887–1980), then head of Ankara State Conservatory, made modifications in the architectural design of the stage area. Remedy of all the deficiencies completed in the 1950s only. The construction cost 900,000 at the end.
The theatre was inaugurated with a play of Sophocles, the Athenian tragedy "Oedipus the King", performed by actors of the Ankara State Theatre.
In 1958, the venue was named after Cemil Topuzlu (1866–1958), mayor of Istanbul in the era of Ottoman Second Constitutional Monarchy.
Architecture.
The facade is faced with limestone and Uzunköprü stone interchangeably to achieve a tone of color. The tier seating is of Uzunköprü stone also. The outdoor theatre is designed in the form of ancient amphitheatres with tiered seating for spectators, semicircular in shape, around a flat performance space. The theatre's seating capacity is 3,972, and there are additional 30 "loge" seats for VIP. The section for the orchestra can hold 80 musicians. A movie projector is situated in the middle of the auditorium for movie or slide show purposes. The stage is large enough to enable 200-300 background actors freely move. The passages and the gates are dimensioned for instantaneous evacuation of the stage.


Minerva Glass


Kevin Thain

Kevin Thain (born 1969) is a shinty player from the village of Tomatin, Scotland. He has played almost his whole career for Kingussie Camanachd and has been an integral part of its success since the mid-1980s.
Playing career.
Thain announced his arrival in the sport of shinty with a stunning winning goal against Newtonmore in the MacTavish Cup Final in 1986.
He won 18 league titles with Kingussie and is the second highest scorer in shinty history, although his total is dwarfed by that of team-mate, Ronald Ross.
Thain had famously never appeared on the losing side in a Camanachd Cup Final until his 13th final appearance in 2008 when Kingussie was beaten by Fort William.
Thain has now dropped down to second team level in order to help bring on Kingussie's promising youths. He had his nose broken in early 2010 by Andrew Banks of Skye. Due to an injury crisis at Kingussie in early 2011, Thain has been given a recall to the first team squad.
Thain is a successful businessman and owns an electrician company in the Scottish Highlands. He was working off-shore when Kingussie lost three finals in the early 1990s, during this time he played for Glasgow Mid-Argyll from time to time.
He was given the honour of opening his local community's new sports centre in 2010 in honour of his sporting achievements. Thain also coaches the local shinty team, Strathdearn.


2020 Britcar Trophy Championship

The 2020 Dunlop Trophy Championship was a motor racing championship for production cars held across England. The Trophy championship was created specifically for production vehicles as a Britcar championship separate from the much faster GT and Touring Cars of the Endurance Championship. It is the 19th season of a Britcar championship and the 1st Britcar Trophy Championship season.
2020 was the inaugural season of the Britcar Trophy Championship. The season began on 11 July at Croft Circuit and ended on 1 November at Snetterton Circuit. All rounds took place on the same weekend as the Britcar Endurance Championship rounds. There was also a non-championship round at the Spa-Francorchamps in support of the 2019-20 FIA World Endurance Championship, where the Trophy category competitors participated in two races with the Endurance Category cars.
The championship included Class 5, 6 and 7 cars. The Michelin Clio Cup Series also joined the Britcar Trophy Championship grid for the inaugural season with the Clio cars having a separate class but still eligible to compete for the overall championship title.
2020 Class Champions and Overall Trophy Championship Places
Oliver Smith won the Class 6 championship and overall Trophy title with 191 points, Johnathan Barrett won the Class 7 championship and was second overall with 188 points and Charlie Campbell and Rob Smith won the Class 5 championship and were third overall with 177.5 points. The Clio class champions were Aaron and Steve Thompson with 137.5 points.
Calendar.
The planned opening round at Donington Park, to be held on 10 April 2020, was eventually cancelled due to the pandemic. The non-championship round at Spa-Francorchamps was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
 and moved to 15 August. The revised championship was contested over 9 races at 5 rounds, with best 7 results counting.
Teams and drivers.
† – Drivers did not finish the race, but were classified as they completed over 60% of the race distance and were awarded half points.


List of Olympic medalists in sailing by discipline

This is a list of Olympic medalists in sailing.
Current program.
Men.
One-person dinghy.
From 1996 to 2004, this discipline was "open" to both men and women, although all medals were won by men at these Games.
Skiff.
From 2000 to 2008, this discipline was "open" to both men and women, although all medals were won by men at these Games.
Mixed.
Multihull.
From 1976 to 2008 this discipline was "open" (no gender restriction), instead of "mixed" (one male and one female for each boat). All medals were won by men at these Games.
Discontinued disciplines.
Men.
Two-person keelboat.
From 1932 to 2000, this discipline was "open" to both men and women, although all medals were won by men at these Games.


Kid Kaplan

Louis "Kid" Kaplan (born October 15, 1901 in Kiev, Ukraine – October 26, 1970) was a professional boxer and a 1925 world featherweight champion. He has been described as one of the greatest Ukrainian boxers.
Early life.
Kaplan and his family emigrated to the United States from the Kiev when he was five years old and settled in Meriden, Connecticut. While selling fruit for five cents a day, he began boxing as a teenager at the Lenox Athletic Club in Meriden, and turned professional in 1919.
Professional career.
Kaplan began his boxing career in the Connecticut State circuit. At the time, Meriden was an epicenter of boxing in the Northeastern United States. Early in his career, Kaplan fought the popular local favorite and former New York State champion Charlie Pilkington. Though they never boxed a professional match together, their early rivalry and Pilkington's role as a mentor and sparring partner had much to do with launching Kaplan's very successful boxing career.
A busy fighter, he engaged in over 50 bouts in his first four years in the paid ranks. During one of his early fights in 1920, Kaplan knocked out opponent Sailor Cunningham within two minutes.
After winning against Hughie Hutchinson and Earl Baird in 1922, Kaplan gained significant popularity.
In 1923 he twice drew with rival Babe Herman before scoring a 10-round win over future world lightweight champ Jimmy Goodrich.
World featherweight champion, 1925.
By late 1924, World Featherweight champion Johnny Dundee vacated his title and a tournament was arranged to determine a successor. "Kid" kayoed Angel Diaz in three rounds, outpointed Bobby Garcia over 10-rounds, and then halted Joe Lombardo in four rounds to advance to the finals. On January 2, 1925 he knocked out Danny Kramer in nine rounds at Madison Square Garden to become the new champion. His first two defenses were against the familiar Babe Herman (D15 and W15) in late 1925. Kaplan next decisioned Hall of Famer Billy Petrolle over 12 rounds in a non-title bout.
However, Kaplan's reign as champion was nearing its end. Despite standing 5 ft 4 in., he was experiencing difficulty making the featherweight limit and decided to relinquish the crown to campaign as a lightweight in 1927. As a 135-pounder, he scored wins over Jackie Fields, Johnny Jadick, Billy Wallace, Battling Battalino and Sammy Mandell among others. Amongst the wins were losses to Wallace and Hall of Famer Jimmy McLarnin. In 1933 he lost to Herbert "Cocoa Kid" Lewis Hardwick, and promptly retired from the ring with a 108-17-13D- 12 ND (26KOs) record.
Known as a rugged, pressing boxer who possessed tremendous stamina, the crowd-pleasing "Meriden Buzzsaw" died on October 26, 1970 in Norwich, CT.
Halls of Fame.
Kaplan was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2003.
Kaplan, who was Jewish, was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1986.


Ben Hatskin

Benjamin Hatskin (September 30, 1917 – October 18, 1990) was a Canadian businessman and the founder of the Winnipeg Jets.
Early life and education.
Ben Hatskin was born in 1917 in Winnipeg to Russian-Jewish parents. As a standout football player in high school, he became one of the first Canadian students to win an athletic scholarship to an American university. He played football for the Sooners at the University of Oklahoma. He also played junior hockey in Winnipeg with the 1936 Kildonan Stars. In 1936, Hatskin signed with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the CFL, playing six years and helping the team win Grey Cup championships in 1939 and 1941.
Business career.
During World War II Hatskin began raising racehorses and his wealth grew as the Hatskin family invested in everything from lumber companies to juke box distributorships.
Winnipeg Jets.
In 1967, Ben Hatskin tried to win a National Hockey League franchise during the league's expansion. His bid failed, which fueled his desire to help create a new, rival league, the World Hockey Association, in 1972. Hatskin knew that the credibility of the WHA depended on getting established hockey stars to join its teams. He aggressively sought out the services of Bobby Hull for his team, the Winnipeg Jets, and eventually signed Hull to a contract estimated to be worth at least $1.75 million.
Although it was one of the more successful teams in the WHA, winning 3 Avco Cups in 1976, 1978 and 1979. Hatskin had to ask for a public subsidy to keep the financially troubled Jets alive after 1974.
The team was absorbed into the NHL in 1979 with Hatskin selling the Jets to Barry Shenkarow. The club later relocated to Arizona and became the Phoenix Coyotes following the 1995-96 season.
Honours.
The Ben Hatskin Trophy given to the WHA's best goaltender was named in his honour.
In 2010, he was elected as an inaugural inductee into the World Hockey Association Hall of Fame in the builders category. He was also a member of the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame.


Johan Kenkhuis

Johan Kenkhuis (born 7 May 1980 in Vriezenveen, Overijssel) is an Olympic medal winning Dutch swimmer.
From a young age, Kenkhuis had a strong interest in swimming. In 1998, he won gold medals in both the 100 meter and 200 meter freestyle events in the European Junior Championships. At the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney, Australia, Johan was a member of the bronze medal 4×200 meter freestyle relay team. He also helped the Netherlands win a silver medal at the FINA World Championships in Fukuoka, Japan in 2001 as a member of the 4×100 meter freestyle relay team.
However, by 2002, he was growing tired of the sport and close to retirement. His coach, Fedor Hes, helped him develop a different training strategy which involved spending more time on dry land. Seemingly invigorated by the new training style, Johan quickly progressed enough to win fourth place at the 50 meter freestyle event in the World Championships in Barcelona, Spain. He finished only 0.01 seconds behind the bronze medalist.
In the 2004 Olympic Games, Johan was a member of the Dutch Olympic swim team. As the starting swimmer in the 4×100 meter freestyle relay, alongside Pieter van den Hoogenband, Mitja Zastrow, and Klaas-Erik Zwering he played a critical role in securing a silver medal in the event.
Kenkhuis is currently living in Amsterdam where he is a member of De Dolfijn SPAX swim club but trains with XLence Swimteam. He is a Business and Marketing major at the Johan Cruyff University in Amsterdam.
Kenkhuis was one of only eleven openly gay athletes to participate in the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens. In November 2006 he announced that he would quit swimming on the highest level after the 2006 European Championships Short Course in Helsinki, Finland.


Shane Dorian

Patrick Shane Dorian (born July 19, 1972), or "Shane", is an American surfer from Kailua-Kona, Hawaii. He spent 11 years touring on the World Championship Tour as a professional surfer. Dorian quit competition surfing in 2003 to focus on big waves. He is currently a big wave surfer and one of the best in the world at big wave riding.
Early life.
Dorian was born to Patrick, a former Hollywood actor and stunt double for Elvis Presley, and Susan, who competed in female bodybuilding events. When Shane was three, his parents opened a restaurant called "Dorian's" on the beach. Being a child, Dorian was too young to wait tables, and long hours at the restaurant resulted in him turning to the ocean for amusement. Dorian attended Konawaena High School in Kealakekua, Hawaii.
Personal life.
Dorian lives in Holualoa, Hawaii with his wife Lisa, his son, and his daughter. He enjoys taking care of an orchard that consists of 110 fruit trees at an elevation of 4000 feet above sea level.
Surfing career.
Dorian started out on a bodyboard alongside friend, and future bodyboarder champion, Mike Stewart. Dorian received his first surfboard, from his dad, on his fifth birthday. He soon abandoned the bodyboard to focus on surfing.
Surfing and surfing education became a priority for Dorian. Shane's mother, who had divorced Shane's father Patrick when Shane was 12, worked out a system where Shane would spend the second and third quarters of the school year on the North Shore of Oahu (the peak winter season) and the first and fourth quarters back home on the Big Island.
In 1987, Dorian had his first major success at the Gotcha Pro competition at Sandy Beach. He was able to beat some big names, made it through four rounds, and received some media exposure. He became friends with a couple of the up-and-coming surfers on Oahu, Brock Little and Todd Chesser who played a role in the development of his surfing.
Since 1995, Dorian has directed the Shane Dorian Keiki Classic for surfers 17 and under.
Dorian has been a long-time member of the Billabong U.S. surf team, his main sponsor.
World Championship Tour.
Dorian joined the ASP World Tour in 1993, where he hovered outside of the top 10 for a number of years before cracking the barrier with a fourth-place world finish in 2000. He has also won a number of events in his career, including the Rip Curl Pro in 1999 and the 2000 Billabong Pro at Mundaka. In 2004, Dorian retired from the WTC tour, but not from a being a professional; choosing to focus on becoming a better surfer.
After retirement, Dorian started to concentrate on big wave surfing, mainly towing into big waves via jet ski, which was the norm then. However, over the years, he and his fellow big wave surfers have preferred paddling into big waves. Dorian took the top prize at the 2008 Global Big Wave awards in California.
In 2011, Dorian was awarded "Ride of the Year" by the World Surf League for paddling into a giant Peahi "Jaws" barrel on 3-15-2011 estimated to be 57 feet tall by the World Surf League, and biggest wave ever paddled into at that time.
Awards.
Billabong XXL Monster Tube Award – September 11, 2005 for his big wave ride in Teahupoo, Tahiti
Billabong XXL (Global Big Wave Awards) Surfline/Jay Moriarity Best Overall Performance Award
Filmography.
In the documentary "Solid: The Two Days That Teahupoo Blew Minds", fellow surfers gave him a standing ovation for his wave conquering rides.
Television.
Dorian is featured in an ESPN on ABC television series three-part special called "World of X-Games: Big Wave Hellmen" that premiered on October 26, 2014 and ran until November 9, 2014. It follows Shane along with five of his "Big Wave Hellmen" competitors: Grant "Twiggy" Baker, Ryan "Hippo" Hipwood, Mark Healey and Greg Long touring the biggest and best big wave breaks in the world competing for the big wave world title. A panel of judgeds, one will be crowned "Big Wave Hellmen of the Year". They spent a year around the globe chasing monster swells to hunt down and ride the most dangerous waves they could find. And in the end, determined by a panel of expert judges, who include legendary big wave surfers, Greg Noll and Mike Parsons, and author of "Ghost Wave: The Discovery of Cortes Bank" Chris Dixon, one will be crowned "Big Wave Hellmen of the Year".
The series featured some of the biggest wave destinations in the world, including: Belharra Reef off the coast of Saint-Jean-de-Luz, France, Cortes Bank off the coast of San Diego, Jaws in Peahi, Hawaii, Mavericks in Northern California, Cowie Bombie near Margaret River, Western Australia, "The Rights" further south in Western Australia, Pico Alto in Punta Hermosa, Lima, Peru and Puerto Escondido in Oaxaca, Mexico.
Invention.
In December 2010, Dorian had a terrifying wipeout at Mavericks in a two-wave hold-down that almost killed him. The incident motivated Shane to design surfing's first "safety suit" to be inflated with a CO2 cartridge in a wetsuit vest during a potentially deadly hold-down. He helped develop the final product that is capable of instantly "torpedoing" a trapped-underwater surfer back to the surface when inflated.


Women Superstars United

Women Superstars United (WSU; formerly "Women Superstars Uncensored") is an American, New Jersey based women's professional wrestling promotion which held its first event in 2006. Shows combine wrestling interspersed with both serious and comedic storylines. The company tapes two DVDs worth of material during weekend shows. Although many of the shows are promoted solely by WSU, they have also worked with National Wrestling Superstars. As of October 2009, the promotion has a working agreement with Dragon Gate USA.
WSU is considered one of the top women's wrestling organizations in the United States. The company claims to be "the leader in women's wrestling in the northeast" and to promote more cards than any other women's wrestling company in the country.
Championships.
As of December 14, 2019
WSU Hall of Fame.
In 2009, WSU created a hall of fame with an inaugural class of three members.
Pay-per-view events.
On November 6, 2010, WSU aired their first internet pay-per-view (iPPV) event on GoFightLive.TV.


List of Paralympic medalists in wheelchair curling

Wheelchair curling is a team sport that is contested at the Winter Paralympic Games.
Wheelchair curling was first included in the official programme of the 2006 Games in Turin, Italy.
In total, 30 athletes have won a medal in curling, and 3 have won two. Sonja Gaudet of Canada (two gold), Jalle Jungnell and Anette Wilhelm of Sweden (two bronze) have won two medals.
Teams from Canada have been successful in the sport, winning the gold medal at each Paralympics. A total of 6 medals (two of each color) have been awarded since 2006 and have been won by teams from four National Paralympic Committees (NPC).


Guy Azouri

Guy Azouri (; born 2 June 1963) is an Israeli football manager. He is currently the head coach of the Israeli National Women's Football team, and the head of the Israeli Women's Football Academy.
After playing as a youth in the Maccabi Tel Aviv youth team, Azouri spent most of his football career as a player in the United States. After an injury Azouri turned to coaching, serving as assistant coach under Avram Grant and Eli Ohana.
Azouri moved to Beitar Jerusalem in 2005 as Eli Ohana's assistant coach. After Ohana's departure he became interim head coach for 5 months, proving to be very successful. After Luis Fernández was brought in as head coach Azouri returned to the assistant coach position, and finally following Fernandez's departure Azouri took over as the coach of Beitar's under-20 team, winning an historic Double in the 2006-07 season
 and another Championship the following year.
Beginning in 2008 Azouri served as head coach of several teams in the Israeli Premier League, including Beitar Jerusalem, Hapoel Be'er Sheva and Maccabi Petach-Tikvah.
In 2012 Azouri was one of the founders of Israel's Women Football Academy, which has won accolades for the improvements it has achieved in women's football, culminating in hosting the 2015 U-19 championship
Today Azouri is the director and head coach of the Israeli Women's Football Academy, which includes the Adult, U-19 and youth teams.
Youth.
Guy Azouri was born in 1963 in Tel Aviv. He joined the Maccabi Tel Aviv youth club when he was 8, and played there continuously until his career was put on hold when he joined the Israeli Army at age 18.
After completing his service in 1985, Azouri traveled to the United States to study Physical Fitness and Physiology at Long Island University. While there he played under scholarship for LIU Post Pioneers as a midfielder. Azouri also coached several youth teams during this period.
In 1990 Azouri was invited to try out for a position in the NY Jets due to his impressive kicking ability
. At one of these tryouts Azouri was seriously injured in the groin, thereby ending his career as a professional athlete.
Career.
Men's Football Assistant Coach.
In 1994 Azouri returned to Israel, taking up a position as assistant coach in Maccabi Tel Aviv under Avram Grant. The two developed close professional ties during this time
Maccabi Tel Aviv, under Grant and Azouri, won Liga Leumit (than top division) in the first season, with 13 points advantage over second place.
In 2000 Azouri joined Bnei Yehuda as assistant to Eli Ohana. Azouri followed Ohana when the latter became head coach of Beitar Jerusalem in 2002. After Eli Ohana resigned in September 2005, he was replaced by Guy Azouri as interim coach. Although Azouri enjoyed the highest success rate of any coach in the Premier League during this time, he did not have a UEFA Pro Manager diploma, and so could not continue as permanent head coach. Beitar signed the Dutch Ton Caanen as a coach, Guy Azouri was demoted to assistant coach. Azouri also served as an assistant coach to Fernández who resigned at the end of the season.
U-20 Coach.
In the summer of 2006 Beitar signed the Argentinian manager Osvaldo Ardiles who brought his own professional team and so was not interested in Azouri staying on as assistant manager
. Azouri decided to train the Beitar U-20 team, which went on to win the Double (Championship and Youth Cup) the first time in its history. The club later won another championship under his guidance.
Men's football head coach.
In the years 2008-2011 Azouri was head coach at a number of Premier League clubs including Maccabi Petah-Tikvah, Hapoel Be'er Sheva and Hapoel Ashkelon.
Women's Football Coaching Career.
In 2012 Azouri was one of the founders of the Israeli Women's Football Academy, an international academy modelled on European lines. The academy is considered highly successful, with the U-19 women's team participating in the Championship for the first time in its history in the 2015 tournament, which was hosted in Israel. Today Azouri is the head coach of both the adult and U-19 teams, as well as the director of the youth academy.
Personal life.
Guy Azouri is married and has three children. He currently resides in Herzliya, Israel


Kagera Sugar F.C.

Kagera Sugar is a football club from Bukoba, Tanzania. They are a professional football team who play at the top level of Tanzanian professional football, the Tanzanian Premier League. They play at 5,000 capacity Kaitaba Stadium.


Juan Matute Guimon

Juan Matute Guímon (born 14 November 1997, Madrid) is a Spanish/American equestrian athlete. He competed at the World Equestrian Games in Tryon 2018 and at various European Youth Championships. His father Juan Matute competed at the 1988 Olympic Games, 1992 Olympic Games and the 1996 Olympic Games.
Biography.
Juan started riding at the age of 6 in Spain. In 2008 he moved to the United States where he relocated in Wellington, Florida where his father worked as a coach. In 2018 he gained the American citizenship after ten years living in the US. In 2018 he relocated back to Spain where he wanted to focus on his study International Relations at the Francisco de Vitoria University in Madrid and to establish his riding career in Europe. He started riding on the highest Dressage level already at an age of 16. He also represents the FEI at several media platforms and was the presenter of the FEI Awards in 2018 and 2019.
Personal life.
Juan's sister Paula Matute is also an international dressage rider and lives in Wellington. He has also a younger brother who does not compete. He is fluent in English Spanish and German.
Heavy accident.
On Tuesday 5 May 2020 he was hospitalized with a Arteriovenous Malformation brain bleeding. When he had several headaches in the week before the accident, he felt unwell after he rode a horse. He then got off the horse, after which he collapsed. He was subsequently taken to hospital in a critical condition by helicopter to the La Paz Hospital in Madrid, where he was operated on for his brain haemorrhage. Juan was in an artificial coma for three weeks. On 3 July he left the hospital and was allowed to start his rehabilitation process.


Vladislav Neiman

Vacislav Neiman (; born June 23, 1966) is a retired male boxer from Israel. He represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, where he was stopped in the first round of the men's flyweight division (– 51 kg) by eventual silver medalist Bulat Jumadilov from Kazakhstan.
References.
<br>


Handball-Bundesliga (women)

Handball-Bundesliga, is the top women's professional handball league in Germany.