2006 Indianapolis 500

The 90th Indianapolis 500 was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana on Sunday May 28, 2006. Sam Hornish, Jr. won from the pole position. It was Hornish's first and only win at Indianapolis, and the record fourteenth Indy victory for Penske Racing. Hornish would later win the IndyCar Series championship, the second driver in a row to sweep the Indy 500 and season championship in the same season.
In one of the most dramatic finishes in Indy history, 19-year old rookie Marco Andretti took the lead with three laps to go, after passing his father Michael Andretti on the outside of turn one. Marco Andretti battled Sam Hornish, Jr. over the final two laps, holding off the challenge until the final straightaway. On the final lap, Hornish passed Marco Andretti about 450 feet from the finish line to take the win. It was the first time a driver successfully made a pass for the lead on the final lap for victory in the 90-year history of the event.
The margin of victory was 0.0635 seconds - just over one car-length - which was the second-closest finish in Indy history at the time. (As of 2019, it is the third-closest). Hornish had earned the pole in qualifying with a four-lap average of , and second place Marco Andretti was unanimously voted the Rookie of the Year. Defending race winner and defending IndyCar champion Dan Wheldon dominated much of the race, leading 148 of the 200 laps. However, a small tire puncture forced him to make his final pit stop earlier than planned, which coupled with an untimely caution period, saw him slip to fourth at the finish.
The race was sanctioned by the Indy Racing League and was part of the 2006 IndyCar Series season. With a high temperature of , it was one of the hottest days on record for the running of the Indy 500. Rain and cold temperatures washed out the first weekend of time trials, and washed out or delayed numerous days of practice. Race weekend, however, was sunny with no precipitation.
Background.
Chevrolet and Toyota withdrew from the series, leaving Honda as the sole engine provider for all teams for 2006 through 2011. Three races preceded the Indy 500, and Hélio Castroneves, with two wins and one second place, held a large points lead going into the month of May.
A new series initiative introduced the use of ethanol fuel. As part of a two-year roll-out, all entries for 2006 were required to utilize a 10% ethanol/90% methanol fuel blend (E10). Previously, from 1974 to 2005, methanol was the only fuel permitted, and from 1965 to 1973, the rules were crafted in such a fashion as to encourage the use of methanol in order to be competitive.
Team and driver changes.
Several drivers shuffles occurred during the offseason. Defending Indy 500 winner and 2005 IndyCar champion Dan Wheldon switched from Andretti Green Racing to Ganassi. Wheldon started off the season with a victory at the season opener at Homestead. However, the race was marred by the death of Paul Dana during the morning practice session.
Marco Andretti moved up from the Indy Lights series and took over the vacated spot at Andretti Green Racing. In December, team owner Michael Andretti announced he would come out of retirement to race at Indy, alongside his son. Similarly, owner/driver Eddie Cheever announced he would get back into the car, participating in four races, including Indy.
Tomas Scheckter moved from Panther to Vision Racing. Vítor Meira took over the vacant spot at Panther, leaving the Rahal team. Paul Dana was signed as the third car for RLR, but was replaced by Jeff Simmons after his tragic fatal crash. Rahal maintained the services of Buddy Rice and Danica Patrick.
After a brief retirement, Al Unser, Jr., who missed the 2005 race, signed with Dreyer & Reinbold Racing. Unser would race alongside teammate Buddy Lazier, who signed on for a partial season ride at DRR.
Hemelgarn Racing signed P. J. Chesson with financial backing from NBA basketball player Carmelo Anthony. An aggressive marketing campaign nicknamed the entry "Car Melo," and also acquired the services of Jeff Bucknum for a two-car effort. However, by month's end, a disastrous result saw the two cars crash out together on lap 2, placing 32nd-33rd respectively. Hemelgarn subsequently closed its doors for the remainder of the season.
Practice (week 1).
Rookie Orientation - Sunday May 7.
Opening day featured rookie orientation and refresher tests. The day opened with the Andretti family celebrating three generations (Mario, Michael, and Marco) taking a ceremonial lap around the track together.
Michael Andretti, Al Unser, Jr., and Arie Luyendyk Jr. participated in refresher tests. Rookies P. J. Chesson and Marco Andretti passed the four-phase rookie test. Townsend Bell took only "shake down" laps. Michael Andretti (220.999 mph) was the fastest car of the day.
Rookie Orientation - Monday May 8.
The second day of rookie orientation saw Thiago Medeiros pass the rookie test. Townsend Bell (221.381 mph) was the fastest car of the day.
Tuesday May 9.
The first full day of veteran practice. Sam Hornish, Jr. (224.811 mph) was the fastest car of the day.
Wednesday May 10.
Sam Hornish, Jr. (226.056 mph) was the fastest car of the day. The track closed early due to rain at 3:30 p.m.
Thursday May 11.
Rain delayed the start of practice until nearly 2 p.m. Marty Roth spun in turn two, but made no contact. Sam Hornish, Jr. (226.789 mph) was the fastest car of the day.
"Fast" Friday May 12.
Rain washed out practice for the day.
Time trials (first weekend wash out).
Saturday May 13.
Time trials was scheduled for four days. The "11/11/11" format was to be utilized, with eleven positions available on pole day. However, rain washed out time trials for the day. Pole day qualifying was rescheduled for Sunday May 14.
Sunday May 14.
The "11/11/11" format was scheduled to be used, and thus 22 position were to be open for qualifying on Sunday May 14. Rain continued to fall, but the track dried shortly after 1 p.m. The cars took to the track for practice for about an hour, and Dan Wheldon turned the fastest lap of the month at 228.663 mph. At 2:15 p.m., the rain resumed, and the track was closed for the day. Time trials was washed out for the entire weekend for the first time since 1983.
Practice (week 2).
Wednesday May 17.
Sam Hornish, Jr. (224.381 mph) was the fastest car of the day. Rain closed the track early at 4:26 p.m.
Thursday May 18.
Rain kept the track closed until 3:45 p.m. Arie Luyendyk Jr. and Thiago Medeiros suffered crashes. The brief session was ended at 5:52 p.m., as rain fell again. Sam Hornish, Jr. (224.381 mph) was the fastest car of the day.
"Fast" Friday II May 19.
Sam Hornish, Jr. (227.925 mph) was the fastest car of the day. Hornish led the speed charts on all three practice days during the second week. Marty Roth spun but made no contact. Jeff Simmons crashed in turn one, but was uninjured.
Time trials (second weekend).
Pole Day - Saturday May 20.
Since the first two days of time trials were rained out, 33 positions were available for time trials on May 20. The field was filled to 32 cars by the end of the day. Sam Hornish, Jr., won the pole with the fastest four-lap qualifying speed of .
Only one driver waved off during the day. Dario Franchitti experienced engine trouble after three laps, but later completed his attempt after an engine change. Although the new qualifying rules allowed qualified cars to be withdrawn and re-qualified in hopes of gaining a better starting position (with a maximum of three attempts per day), only one driver took the opportunity to do so. Townsend Bell's qualification run of was withdrawn, and he achieved an average of on his second attempt. This improved his starting position by only one spot.
Bump Day - Sunday May 21.
The day opened with one position open in the field, and two drivers prepared to make an attempt. Rookie Thiago Medeiros, who had crashed his lone car on Thursday, returned to the track for practice.
Most of the afternoon focused on race day practice for already-qualified cars. Sam Hornish, Jr. (226.256 mph) led the speed charts for practice laps, capping off a month where he led the speed chart every day he took practice laps except one.
Marty Roth was the only driver besides Medeiros that was looking to make an attempt. At 3:30 p.m., polesitter Sam Hornish, Jr. spun in turn one and hit the outside wall while practicing in a backup car. He was uninjured.
With about an hour to go, AJ Foyt brought a backup car to pit lane, driver Ryan Briscoe was getting settled into the car, fueling rumors of a late qualifying run.
At 5:08 p.m., Thiago Medeiros completed a qualifying attempt, and filled the field to 33 cars, however he was slowest and now on the bubble.
With 23 minutes left in the day, Marty Roth spun during a practice run, and crashed into the outside wall in turn 1. He was not injured, but the car was wrecked, and his chances to qualify were finished. The day ended with Medeiros the only car to complete an attempt for the afternoon with Briscoe deciding against making a run.
Carb Day - Friday May 26.
Sam Hornish, Jr. once again led the speed charts (220.698 mph). It was the ninth day of the month that Hornish completed the fastest practice lap.
Penske Racing with driver Hélio Castroneves won the 30th Annual Checker's/Rally's Indy 500 Pit Stop Challenge.
Race summary.
Start.
After considerable rain during the month, race day was sunny and hot. Temperatures topped out at , one of the hottest days for the Indy 500 on record.
Due to the state of Indiana observing Daylight Saving Time, the start of the race was scheduled for 1:11 p.m. EDT. Mari Hulman George gave the command to start engines at 1:04 p.m. EDT, and all 33 cars pulled away for the pace laps, with Lance Armstrong driving the pace car.
Sugar Ray Leonard waved the green flag to start the race, and polesitter Sam Hornish, Jr. took the lead into turn one. Down the back stretch, Hélio Castroneves passed Hornish for the lead, and Dan Wheldon moved into second. Castroneves led the opening lap.
On the second lap in turn two, Jeff Bucknum spun out and collected his teammate P. J. Chesson, taking both of the entries from Hemelgarn Racing out of the race and sadly out for the remainder of the season.
First half.
After the Hemelgarn incident, a long period of green-flag racing ensued, lasting 60 laps. During this period, Dan Wheldon dominated the race, briefly losing then regaining the lead during a round of green-flag pit stops around laps 36-39. By lap 64, Wheldon had built up a 19-second lead—nearly half a lap—over the next nearest competitor, and after 65 laps had lapped twenty-five of the other cars in the race, including all five of the other former 500 winners, leaving only eight cars on the lead lap.
The field tightened during a yellow flag on lap 67 due to a crash by Tomas Scheckter. The crash sent debris into the inside grandstand, injuring five spectators, none seriously. Wheldon maintained the lead through a series of pit stops, and led at the halfway point.
Second half.
Wheldon gave up the lead briefly during pit stop on lap 108, which allowed Scott Dixon to lead.
On lap 110, Hélio Castroneves struck Buddy Rice from behind, taking out both cars. It was the first time two former winners had been involved in the same crash in the Indy 500 since 1992. It was also the first time in his career that Castroneves failed to finish the race.
Sam Hornish, Jr., took the lead from Wheldon on lap 130. Wheldon, however, would regain the lead on lap 145 and hold it through lap 182.
On lap 149, Al Unser, Jr. precipitated a caution period after spinning down the back-stretch and crashing in turn 3. During the caution, Jeff Simmons left the pit area with the fuel hose nozzle still attached. The hose tore, and Simmons's car dropped the nozzle out on the track in turn 3. On lap 150, the leaders pitted. Sam Hornish, Jr. started to pull out of his pits with the hose still attached. The hose ripped, but Hornish stopped in the pits allowing the crew to disengage the nozzle. Team owner Roger Penske accepted responsibility for the error, having told Hornish to go before the fueling was complete. Fuel spilled in the pit stall, but Hornish was able to return to the track and stay on the lead lap.
Still under caution on lap 155, the field was preparing to go back to green when Jeff Simmons wrecked in the north chute. The caution was prolonged. On lap 160, Michael Andretti and Sam Hornish, Jr. ducked into the pits to top off their fuel. Both would be able to make it to the finish without another pit stop.
On lap 163, the green came back out with Dan Wheldon leading. Sam Hornish, Jr. was assessed a "drive-through" penalty (being required to drive once through pit road, without stopping, obeying the pit road speed limit). Hornish returned to the track over 30 seconds behind the leader.
Tony Kanaan took the lead on lap 183. By lap 187, members of Andretti Green Racing held the top four spots (Kanaan, Marco Andretti, Dario Franchitti, and Michael Andretti). Sam Hornish, Jr. in sixth barely clung to the tail end of the lead lap.
Late Race Caution and Finish.
Dan Wheldon (lap 184) and Marco Andretti (lap 190) went to the pits for their final fuel stops. As Marco Andretti was pitting Felipe Giaffone crashed in turn two, bringing out the yellow. Marco Andretti (legally) slipped by the pace car exiting the pits, and avoided losing a lap in the shuffle. Leader Tony Kanaan, who still needed to pit, was stuck out on the track as the pits were closed at the onset of the yellow. The pits re-opened as the field came by for lap 193. Kanaan and Dario Franchitti ducked into the pits for fuel. Fan-favorite Michael Andretti stayed out on the track, and assumed the lead. Michael had come out of retirement to race with his 19-year-old son Marco, who shuffled up to second place. In his 15th Indy 500, Michael was still looking for his first Indy victory. Scott Dixon was lined up third, and Sam Hornish, Jr. was now up to fourth.
The green came out with 4 laps to go. Michael Andretti led the field, with his son Marco close behind in second. Hornish made a desperate pass deeper in the field, and emerged in third place as the field exited turn 2.
With three laps to go, Marco Andretti pulled outside of his father down the front-stretch, and passed his father for the lead in turn 1. Marco began to pull away as Michael now assumed a blocking role to protect his son's lead. Down the back stretch, Michael tried but failed to hold off the charging Hornish, and Hornish took over second place.
With two laps to go, Marco led Hornish by a half second, with Michael still in third. Down the back stretch, Hornish tried to squeeze past Marco as they approached turn three. He was pinched down, and ran out of race track, and had to back off. Hornish lost his momentum, and Marco pulled out to a 1-second lead at the start/finish line with one lap to go.
On the final lap, Marco held his lead down the back stretch. In turn three, however, Hornish began to reel him in. As the two cars exited turn four, Hornish executed a slingshot pass in the final 400 feet. He beat Marco Andretti to the finish line by 0.0635 seconds, the equivalent of about . It was the second-closest finish in Indy 500 history. It was also the first time in Indy history that a driver made a pass for the lead to win the race on the final lap.
Afterwards, Hornish commented on his last-second pass, "I figured I came all this way, I ought to give myself one more shot at it. I kind of looked at it as, I was going to drive over him if I had to. For Marco to come as a rookie and drive like that he should be proud no matter what."
Third-place finisher Michael Andretti had high praise for his son: "I felt so bad for Marco, but I'm so proud. He drove a hell of a race. I drove with him a hell of a lot in that race. He drove like a champion. He drove like he's been out there 10 years." But Marco wanted more: "I do not want to wait until next year. I have to take advantage of everything because second's nothing," he said.
Box score.
All cars in the 2006 Indianapolis 500 used Honda engines and Firestone tires.
' = Former Indianapolis 500 winner; ' = Indianapolis 500 rookie
Broadcasting.
Radio.
The race was carried live on the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Radio Network. Mike King served as chief announcer.
For the second year in a row, pit reporter Kevin Olson conducted a pre-race interview with David Letterman. This would be the final 500 on the radio for Adam Alexander.
Television.
The race was carried live flag-to-flag coverage in the United States on ABC Sports. After a critically unpopular season as chief announcer for the IndyCar series on ABC/ESPN, Todd Harris was removed from the broadcast booth. Veteran announcer Marty Reid took over as play-by-play. Scott Goodyear returned as driver analyst. Joining them in the booth was 1989 NASCAR Winston Cup Champion Rusty Wallace, who served as co-analyst with Goodyear.
For the first time ever, the broadcast utilized the Side-By-Side feature during commercial breaks. This was also the final "500" broadcast solely in standard-definition.


Ermanno Nogler

Ermanno Nogler (4 November 1921 – 23 June 2000) was an Italian alpine skier and coach. He finished 42nd in the slalom at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo. After retiring from skiing he coached the national Italian team. His trainees included slalom world champion Carlo Senoner. Around 1968, while working in Sweden, Nogler "discovered" the talented young Swedish skier Ingemar Stenmark, and eventually served as coach for Stenmark during his entire career.


Sosui Ichikawa

Sosui Ichikawa (市川 素水; August 29, 1924 - March 7, 2005), was a Japanese martial artist born in Ueno, Tokyo, Japan who was the 4th Sōke of the Zen Nihon Goju-Ryu Karate-do Renmei (全日本剛柔流空手道連盟) and founder of the Sosuikan (素水館). He would teach Goju-Ryu karate while still doing his research and development. Ichikawa's studies were often focused on the Bubishi (武備志), and would ultimately come to write his text, the Kōshu-do (交手道). Sosui Ichikawa was accepted as Hanshi (範士), Jūdan (十段) in 1983 by the Okinawan Karate-Do Renmei.
Biography.
Sosui Ichikawa (市川 素水) was born in Ueno, Tokyo in 1924. He was drafted into the military and served in the Imperial Japanese Navy throughout World War II. Eventually, Ichikawa rose through the ranks and soon had the command of five men in his Anti-Aircraft Artillery Unit. Two Okinawan men in his unit were also students of Karate-do, when they were not engaged in naval duties during their time at sea together, he was able to learn karate from them while aboard a battleship. He returned to his parent's home in Ueno in Tokyo after the war ended and was relieved from his unit.
Japan's postwar situation was difficult due to the devastation that the country suffered during the war; since behind the Ichikawa residence rests an Inari shrine that hosted many festivals, Sosui was often called upon to deal with troublemakers and break up fights in the area. These situations were real training at work and the application of real Kumite. Since jobs became scarce, he kept himself occupied by learning karate on his own. He had looked for a martial arts instructor, but none of the local instructors would accept him as a student because of his fighting reputation.
Ichikawa liked karate and art. At one point, he chose to pursue one and devote himself entirely to it, making his decision towards the learning of karate. With his commitment and dedication to Karate-do, Ichikawa continued looking for a suitable instructor to train with, and eventually heard of a dojo in Kawasaki that ran by Kanki Izumikawa (泉川 寛喜) from Okinawa; thus, Ichikawa decided to go to Kawasaki to see this instructor for himself. He requested to enter the organization immediately after he arrived, but before an answer was given, one of the senior students challenged Ichikawa to a fight. Ichikawa was able to defeat him in their sparring match. With that, he was admitted as Kanki Izumikawa's student. Izumikawa was a top student of Sekō (Seiko) Higa (比嘉 世幸) who trained directly with Naha-te master Kanryō Higashionna (東恩納 寛量) and the founder of Goju-Ryu Karate-do Chōjun Miyagi (宮城 長順).
Ichikawa devoted more than a decade studying under Kanki Izumikawa. In 1951, Ichikawa was authorized to open his dojo, which he called Sosuikan (素水館) after his first name. Ichikawa grew the number of students within a brief time when he first began teaching; therefore, classes had to be, temporarily, taught in a nearby park. Sosui would travel back and forth from Tokyo to Kawasaki to continue his training with Izumikawa. Ichikawa studied obsessively and dedicated himself to mastering karate. He did not stop until he had fully understood a technique. Sosui was very tall for a Japanese man (6" feet tall); he used his big frame to overpower his rivals and was known as the Senbukan's fiercest fighter. Kanki Izumikawa finally promoted him to 6th dan and gave him the Bubishi with Izumikawa's handprint to recognize him as the formal successor.
Sosui Ichikawa would teach the Goju-Ryu he learned from Izumikawa at the Sosuikan (素水館) dojo while still doing his own research and development. Ichikawa's Goju-Ryu evolved into his style over time. The studies were often focused on the Bubishi (武備志), which is regarded as one of the most important texts in Goju-Ryu and Karate. Sosui Ichikawa also emphasized the importance of Kumite in comprehending the essence of Goju- Ryu. Ichikawa would ultimately come to write his text, the Kōshu-do (交手道), which was only handed to the most senior students, and it represented the culmination of his lifetime of study. The Koshudo is considered to be an extension of the Bubishi. The Bubishi with Ichikawa's handprint was issued to those who had mastered the whole system and were recognized as the style's successors, usually around 6th dan. The study of the Bubishi was regarded as extremely important; so much so that in reality, sometimes the successors refer to themselves as the Bubishi lineage.
The Okinawan Karate-Do Renmei accepted Sosui Ichikawa as Hanshi (範士), Jūdan (十段) in 1983, with Yuchoku Higa (比嘉 佑直) issuing the certificate. Yuchoku Higa was one of Ichikawa's few confidantes. Later, Ichikawa founded the All-Japan Goju-Ryu Karate-do Renmei. Ichikawa's teachings stressed the notion that a smaller, weaker individual should be able to defeat a bigger, more powerful one. Ichikawa was also a strict perfectionist. He believed that even the slightest error in technique could be the difference between life and death. Ichikawa Sensei also studied and practiced other styles, including Daitō-ryū Jujutsu (大東流 柔術) and Jūdō (柔道), and held dan ranks in both. Due to his expertise in martial arts, other masters from other styles such as Ninjitsu instructor Masaaki Hatsumi, Okinawan Goju instructor Meitoku Yagi, and Shotokan instructor Hirokazu Kanazawa would go to the Sosuikan dojo to discuss concepts.
As a result of his research, he expanded beyond the Sekō Higa (比嘉 世幸) lineage of Goju-Ryu and created many of his unique techniques and concepts. Consequently, the Ichikawa lineage differs from the Shodokan (尚道館) and Senbukan (仙武館) Goju-Ryu.
Despite his lack of international recognition, Ichikawa was regarded by other masters as a great practitioner of Goju-Ryu in Japan. His senior students are among the few instructors who continue to practice the traditional ways of Goju-Ryu karate on mainland Japan. Since the Ichikawa school never wanted fame, their numbers are small. Ichikawa himself was also picky about who he taught. Kenjiro Chiba is his most senior pupil, and he was a Nidan under Izumikawa before joining the Sosuikan.
Sosui Ichikawa died in 2005. Kenjiro Chiba (千葉 拳二郎), Masashi Sudo, Hattori Fusaaki, Bob Taiani, Masaaki Sakai, Tadahiko Ohtsuka, Kiyoshi Yonemoto, Kazunobu Tsubamoto, Shojiro Jibiki (地引 昌次郎), and Tadashi Yokoyama and Christopher Clifford were among his students. Each one of them would carry on his legacy in their respective dojos.
Sosui Ichikawa died in 2005. His resting place is at Takashimadaira Cemetery in Misono, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo.


Kingussie Camanachd

Kingussie Camanachd is a shinty team from Kingussie, Scotland and according to the Guinness Book of Records 2005, is world sport's most successful sporting team of all time, winning 20 consecutive leagues and going 4 years unbeaten at one stage in the early 1990s. The club most recently won the Camanachd Cup in 2014, but was almost relegated in 2015, a final-day playoff victory against Kilmallie their salvation. The second team plays in North Division 1 and won the Sutherland Cup in 2011.
History.
The club was founded in 1893. It won the first ever Camanachd Cup in 1896 and the club has won the cup more times than any other team, apart from Newtonmore. However, despite early success in the competition for much of the twentieth century the club struggled to win the trophy, with a victory in 1961 the club's first in forty years.
The senior team once held a 63-game unbeaten record and the junior team achieved 100 games unbeaten in the early 90s. That unprecedented domination of the sport led to them becoming the World's most successful sporting team. In 1991, the club was forced to play one season at Dunbarry, as the Dell was under repair.
Between 1996 and 2004, they only lost two games at the Dell. Both of these were against Newtonmore. Lochcarron became the first team to bring this run to an end when the beat them 7–4. All the more surprising as Kingussie had thrashed them 10–3 a couple of weeks previously.
In defeating Fort William in the 2003 Camanachd Cup final, Ronald Ross drove home the point about the club's total dominance of the sport, "Is there a team out there that can beat us? Well, I don't think so. We did not play all that well, but we destroyed them."
The Club's world record of domination in sport was finally brought to an end on 2 September 2006 when old rivals Newtonmore defeated Oban Camanachd. This meant that Kingussie could not catch the team at the top of the league.
Fort William won the league in 2006 but Kingussie gained a modicum of revenge by defeating Fort in the 2006 Camanachd Cup Final.
In 2007, they signed Fraser Inglis from Oban Camanachd who helped Kingussie regain the league again, the club also won the MacAulay Cup in 2007 against Inveraray.
The most notable Kingussie player of recent times has been Ronald Ross who has achieved iconic status in the game. Another notable player is Kevin Thain who is the second highest scorer in the history of the sport, although his total is around half that of Ross'. The other notable name linked with the club is that of Borthwick. the five sons of Alistair 'Alta' Borthwick, were the backbone of the great 90s team.
The club are now working closely with Newtonmore to help revitalise the grassroots game in the area, whose poor state has been masked by the continued success of the Kingussie senior side.
Jimmy Gow returned as manager for the third time in 2008. Although the club lost in the Camanchd Cup Final to Fort William, they had a 100% record in the league.
The 2009 season has been a tumultuous season for Kingussie, they were defeated in the finals of the MacTavish Cup and Macaulay Cup by last minute goals and were knocked out of the Camanachd Cup at the semi-final stage after a replay of a game which was abandoned with Kingussie leading 4–1 against Kyles Athletic. They also lost to Glenurquhart in the Clash of the Camans final.
With the league undecided, Gow announced his intention to stand down at the end of the 2009 season with Stevie Borthwick taking on the role of manager in 2010. Kingussie eventually clinched their 24th league title in 25 years on 5 December by defeating Kyles Athletic. This saw them overhaul Newtonmore on goal difference.
The start of the 2010 season saw Borthwick attempt to blood youngsters. Ronald Ross suffered a freak injury tripping on a tennis ball whilst coaching youth shinty, the team lost the first game of the season for the first time in living memory and then suffered a poor 6–0 defeat to Fort William Shinty Club. Kingussie have been written off several times before and have always comeback, but 2010 promised to be the most testing season in many years for the club. The club did well after a rocky start to the season and defeated Kilmallie to win the MacTavish Cup and were in contention for the league until a couple of games to go. The Macaulay Cup was also added to the honours for the season and with a win in the semi-final of the Camanachd Cup, Kingussie was the only team which could achieve the grand slam as of 31 August 2010. The club was sponsored by npower for 2010. However the club lost to local rivals Newtonmore 6–0 in the league which extinguished its league hopes (and ultimately gave its closest rivals its first league title in 25 years) and was beaten 3–2 in the Camanachd Cup Final. This was a fine return for a season of rebuilding.
In 2010, the club started up a new website which also had a vote for the greatest XII in the club's history. The club also purchased the Dell from Dochfour Estate, from whom it had leased the park for 100 years previous.
Steven Borthwick was confirmed as manager for 2011 alongside Ronald Ross as captain at the club's 2010 AGM. The club had a reasonably successful 2011 winning the MacTavish Cup and reaching the Camanachd Cup Final but in Kingussie terms, this was a disappointing return. The second team also won the Sutherland Cup. Borthwick stood down at the end of 2011.
Russell Jones was appointed manager for the 2012 season.
2014 saw the club lift the Camanachd Cup for the first time since 2006 and Ronald Ross announced his retirement from first team duties after the victory over Glenurquhart at the Bught Park. However, in 2015 Kingussie would face a great decline, the club ending in the play-off position of ninth. They faced a relegation play-off with National Division One runners-up Kilmallie, which they won 2–0.
Dallas Young was appointed manager for 2017.


Jack Asher (shinty)

Jack Asher (1927 – 23 June 2015) was a Scottish shinty player, referee and administrator.
Sporting career.
Asher lost an eye at the age of 12 after an accident with an air rifle. Although born in Glasgow, he went to school in Nethy Bridge. He attended the University of Glasgow and was inextricably linked with Glasgow University Shinty Club. He was the club's honorary president until his death. He received a Blue for playing with the University and also received one for Judo.
He was a founder member of Glasgow Kelvin.
After he stopped playing shinty Asher became a very well respected referee. He was to officiate at three Camanachd Cup finals, 1972, 1974 and finally 1991, at the age of 64.
He received a specially created Centenary Award from the Camanachd Association in 1999. In 2008, Glasgow University hosted a special testimonial for him where he was presented with a silver caman as well as another presentation from Kyles Athletic Shinty Club that day in mark of his long friendship with shinty in that area.
His day job outside shinty was as a History teacher at Crookston Castle Secondary School. He was a keen hill-walker and his strong physical fitness allowed him to continue to attend games until very late in his life.
Asher was entrusted with the Skeabost Horn, one of the finest trophies in the sport. He spent the final years of his life as a referee assessor.


Pocketbike

Pocketbikes are small, two wheeled recreational vehicles approximately one-quarter the size of a regular motorcycles, and are powered by two-stroke internal combustion engines of between 40–50 cc. Pocketbikes maintain the look of full-sized sport bikes and are known outside of North America for racing on specialty tracks designed for small Power Sport machines. These specialized models, designed for competition, produce up to 17 hp, and have front and rear suspension akin to larger sport bikes. Most consumer models are far less powerful, usually below 3hp, and do not feature suspension, relying on the tires alone for shock-absorption. Weight for most machines are approximately . The usual height is less than , and up to length.
The popularity of these types of recreational machines originate from the introduction of Asian Imports to the North American market in late 2003. At the time costing as little as $200 US, these machines were unregulated, and many people believed they were legal for use as transportation on public roads.Pocketbikes variations have also been offered featuring four-stroke engines or electric motors, but these are far less common and are a derivative from the import market.
Due to the diminutive size of the machines, and the origins of MiniMoto racing, Pocketbikes have been informally and inaccurately referred to as Minibikes. While the machines share certain attributes, Pocketbikes are more akin to sport bikes than minibikes, and are wholly their own machine by construct. The differences include frame manufacture and material, fairings, controls, engine placement and overall design. The misconception is likely due to two factors; The introduction of Pocketbikes into North America as inexpensive models not recognized for there intended competitive purpose, and being seen as toys rather than unique vehicles. The rapidness of law changes in the mid-2000s to remove previously undefined and unregulated Pocketbikes from public through-ways in American, due to safety concerns, lead to lawmakers hastily lumping Pocketbike in with Minibikes, Mopeds, and Motorized bicycle laws.
Pocketbikes enjoyed a brief stint as recreational vehicles that did not receive citations when used on public roads, due to a lack of regulation. In North America, Pocketbikes have never been legal for use on roads and highways due to lack of safety features, height and visibility concerns. Laws are now in effect in most states and provinces to cite those that operate Pocketbikes on public through-ways or on public land. Due to the popularity of MiniMoto racing in Europe, the UK has maintained laws since the late 1990s regarding the legality of Pocketbikes. Like North America, it is illegal to operate Pocketbikes on Public land or roads, and there are restrictions to their operation on private property where noise pollution can affect other citizens. After the death of a rider from Louth in 2006 fueled public outrage regarding Pocketbikes, UK law was further changed to include a provision to seize and destroy machines operated on Public Roads..
In 2004, the Los Angeles Times reported that the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) estimated 2,345 injuries as a result of Pocketbike use in the United States.
Pocketbike Racing.
Pocketbike racing, known as MiniMoto, is a professional, internationally sectioned sport. It is raced by both youth and adults, on specialized, high performance machines. Several notable MotoGP racers and champions first raced in MiniMoto, including Valentino Rossi, Loris Capirossi, Nobuatsu Aoki, and Daijiro Kato. The sport of Minimoto originated in Japan in the 1960s, expanding as a professional sport in the 1970s, before spreading to Italy in the 1980s and most of Europe in the 1990s. Since the introduction of Pocketbikes as a recreational vehicle in North America in the early 2000s, various events have been organized, but there has been no long standing governing body for a series. In 2006, Pocketbike Racer, a video game for Xbox 360, was released exclusively through Burger King, as part of a promotional campaign.


Boleskine Camanachd

Boleskine Camanachd is a shinty club from Loch Ness-side, Scotland. They play in the Marine Harvest North Division Three, at present they also have a thriving Junior team. The club in its present form has existed as such since 1953.
History.
Boleskine Camanachd has been in existence in one form or another for over 100 years. Initially called Stratherrick, the team played at various venues throughout the Stratherrick area, a glen which lies barely two miles to the south of the village of Foyers, running parallel with The Great Glen. A team from Foyers was formed in 1898 after the completion of The British Aluminium production works at the village in 1894. These teams ran concurrently and met on many occasions over the period leading up to the first amalgamation of these teams in the late summer of 1927. It was hoped that a local team would be produced from the amalgamation, which could take on the best in Scottish shinty.
Stratherrick had been a member of the senior ranks in shinty since 1920, but without making a sustained impact on the game at national level and for a first few years of the twenties had also fielded a successful junior team. Foyers had also contested in both the senior and junior ranks, competing in the Camanachd Cup for five years since 1921 and the MacTavish Cup since 1920. Their junior side had been successful in the Strathdearn cup and the feeling locally was that a combination of the best players from each club, would be hard to match at any level of shinty! The resulting team was called Boleskine.
The newly formed team reached the final of the Camanachd Cup in their very first season, 1928, going down heavily to Kyles Athletic by 6 goals to 2 at Glasgow, despite leading by 2 goals to 1 in the first half. The club continued in the senior shinty ranks reaching three consecutive senior shinty finals in the early thirties. Despite this apparent strength Boleskine was technically dissolved in early 1934 when a breakaway team called Foyers entered and won the Strathdearn cup . Season 1934–35 Foyers reformed and rejoined the junior ranks, Stratherrick reformed in 1936–37 season, both continuing to play as separate entities until the Second World War. Following the war Stratherrick and their near neighbours to the east, Strathnairn, combined to form Straths Athletic who, along with the reformed Foyers team played in Junior competitions over the next few seasons.
At the start of season 1953–54 the teams again amalgamated to form Boleskine and have competed since that date under this name. The team has remained as one unit and has drawn its players from the surrounding areas covered by the individual teams.
The club went into abeyance for a year in the 1970s but Jim Chisholm, who died in 2011, was a driving force in ensuring the club rejoined the leagues within a year.
During the eighties and into the early nineties the team was mostly made up from local players, the last generation to be born in the area when the British Aluminium or The Hydro Electric Board, brought full employment to the area. In the last few years some of the older players have been forced to retire from the game but have remained within the club structure. With this experience and dedication to the local team, they have begun to implement a youth team development policy, encouraging local youngsters to take up the sport with the aim of nurturing home grown talent.
In season 2002–03 the club moved from the area's traditional, yet deteriorating, home since the fifties, Factory Field, Foyers, to a new purpose built shinty field at Smith Park, Inverarnie.
In 2007 the senior team was relegated to North Division Three and finished third in that league in 2008. They finished 6th in 2009 and Bob Black was replaced by Gus Fraser as manager.
The club made a strong league challenge in 2012, coming second to a strong Beauly side. Lewis Smith was named North Three Player of the Year. In 2013, a third-place finish allowed Boleskine promotion to the new-look North Division Two.


Claudius Miller Easley

Brigadier General Claudius Miller Easley (July 11, 1891 – June 19, 1945) was a decorated United States Army officer who was killed in action by the Japanese during the Battle of Okinawa.
Biography.
Early life and military career.
Claudius Miller Easley was born on July 11, 1891, in the small village of Thorp Spring, Hood County, Texas as the eldest son of Alexander Campbell Easley and his wife Claudia Miller. His family later moved with to Waco, Texas when Easley was at a very young age. He subsequently attended local Waco High School, where he graduated in 1911. During his time at high school, Easley enlisted in the Texas National Guard and participated in Rifle-marksmanship competition at Camp Perry in Ohio. He was later commissioned as an officer, with the rank of second lieutenant in the Infantry Branch on July 11, 1912, his 21st birthday.
He later attended the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas and graduated in 1916 with a Bachelor of Science in Architectural Engineering Degree. With the graduation from college, Easley decided for active service in the United States Army. He served first with the Texas Army National Guard on the Mexican Border and while he was commissioned in the Regular Army in 1917, shortly after the American entry into World War I, he remained for further border patrol duties with the 37th Infantry Regiment, not seeing service in World War I.
Between the wars.
Easley was then sent to the U.S. Army Infantry School at Fort Benning, Georgia, where he graduated from the Advanced Infantry Course in 1919.
In 1921, Easley was transferred to the Philippines, where he was assigned to the 31st Infantry Regiment, then stationed at Fort William McKinley. He served three-year tour of duty in Manila, before he returned to the United States. He also attended the U.S. Army Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas in 1925. He was subsequently assigned to the 4th Infantry Regiment at Fort George Wright, Washington. It was followed by short period of duties with the 30th Infantry Regiment at Presidio of San Francisco, California.
In 1930, he was appointed an Instructor in the Weapons Section of the U.S. Army Infantry School at Fort Benning, Georgia and served in this capacity until 1934. He was later appointed a commander of the Los Angeles District of the Civilian Conservation Corps. As an avid and experienced marksman, Easley served as Captain of the Infantry Rifle and Pistol Teams during the years 1937-1939. He was subsequently ordered for studies at U.S. Army War College in Washington, D.C. and graduated in 1940.
World War II.
After his graduation, Easley remained in Washington, D.C., because he was assigned to the War Department General Staff, where he was responsible for the Storage Section of Requirements and Distribution branch of the Supply Division. He stayed there until February 1942, when he was transferred to Camp Claiborne, Louisiana, where he was appointed as commander of the 325th Infantry Regiment, which later became the 325th Glider Infantry Regiment when the regiment's division, the 82nd Infantry, became the U.S. Army's first airborne division and was redesignated the 82nd Airborne Division.
In September 1942 Easley was transferred to Camp Adair, Oregon, where he was appointed Assistant Division Commander (ADC) of the 96th Infantry Division. He was also promoted to the one-star general officer of brigadier general.
Brigadier General Easley personally supervised the 96th Division's marksmanship training and helped to keep the high level of markmanship. Thus division gained the nickname "Deadeyes". Easley also participated in the Oregon Maneuver during the fall of 1943. The 96th Division was sent to Hawaiian Islands in July 1944 for preparation for landing in Philippines. Brigadier General Easley subsequently went ashore during the Battle of Leyte and was wounded by enemy sniper fire. He was later decorated with the Legion of Merit for meritorious conduct and leadership and the Bronze Star for gallantry in action.
Easley remained in command and later participated in the Battle of Okinawa, where he was decorated with the Silver Star for gallantry in action. On June 19, 1945, during the final phase of the battle, Easley went to the front to check the progress of his troops as they cleared the last Japanese positions. After a Japanese machine gun opened fire and wounded one of his aides, Easley crawled to the top of a knoll to try to locate its position. As he peered over the edge of the knoll, the machine gun fired a burst in his direction, and two rounds hit him in the forehead, killing him instantly. He was the second general officer killed in action during one week on Okinawa. He was buried on Okinawa, but later reburied at Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia.
His son Claudius Miller Easley, Jr., served as a lieutenant colonel with Sixth Army. On April 21, 1946, Easley was posthumously awarded a Doctorate of Laws by AMC.
Decorations.
Here is general Easley´s ribbon bar:


Aberdeen University Shinty Club

Aberdeen University Shinty Club is a shinty club from Aberdeen, Scotland, that plays in Marine Harvest North Division One. It is the oldest constituted shinty club in Scotland, and therefore the world, dating back to November 9, 1861 in a document held by the University of Aberdeen. The club celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2011. The team is the current champion of North Division Two.
Despite the club's name, it is not a University club and participates at a senior level with students, non-students and former students in the team. However, there is a student team that competes in University competitions under the same name. "See University Shinty."
History.
The club was established by Highland exiles in 1861. In 2005, the club had its best season ever, winning the National Intermediate Indoor six-a-side competition in Perth, the North Division 2 Title and the Sutherland Cup, only the fourth time the club had won the trophy.
By 2006, the club was still predominantly made up of Highland exiles, although there are increasing numbers of newcomers taking up the game as they study at Aberdeen University.
In 2007, the club finished at bottom of North Division One, although they failed to play a game against Caberfeidh, which resulted in the docking of two points which would have placed them a point ahead of Inverness Shinty Club.
In 2008, the club applied for entry into North Division Three and were successful, allowing the club to compete at a higher level of shinty. They eliminated Skye Camanachd from the Strathdearn Cup on May 31, 2008.
In 2010, the club finished level in points with Lochaber Camanachd's reserves at the top of North Division Three. A playoff ensued at Castle Leod, Strathpeffer. Lochaber defeated the University 3–2 with a goal in the final minute.
In 2011, the club won the third division, finishing undefeated. They also lost to Kingussie (eventual winners) in the Sutherland cup quarter finals. The Sutherland cup final was held at the Aberdeen University in celebration of its 150th season. The club welcomed Alex Salmond MSP, First Minister of Scotland as patron.
The club finished bottom of North Division Two in 2014, but was saved from relegation by league reconstruction. They won the reconstructed North Two in 2016, finishing undefeated with over 100 goals scored.
There was also an Aberdeen Camanachd side in existence through the 1960s and 1970 founded by Peter English, which drew on the large Highland community living in the area for working in North Sea oil.


2020 U Sports football season

The 2020 U Sports football season was scheduled to feature Canadian football competition under the auspices of U Sports as the highest level of competition for amateur football in Canada in 2020. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, U Sports cancelled the national championships and the Atlantic University Sport, Canada West, and Ontario University Athletics conferences announced the complete cancellation of their schedules on June 8, 2020. The Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec conference waited to make a decision until September 14, 2020 when they also announced that all university sports would be cancelled for the remainder of 2020.
Planned scheduled seasons.
The season was scheduled to begin with the Montreal Carabins hosting the Sherbrooke Vert et Or on August 28, 2020 in Montreal, Quebec. Four Atlantic University Sport teams were scheduled to begin play on August 29, 2020. Ten Ontario University Athletics teams were scheduled to open their seasons on August 30, 2020. The Canada West conference did not release a schedule, likely due to the uncertainty of the COVID-19 impact.
The conference championships were scheduled to be played on November 14 and the 56th Vanier Cup championship was scheduled for November 28, 2020. 27 university teams in Canada were scheduled to play U Sports football in 2020.


United Skates

United Skates is an Emmy nominated documentary film directed by Dyana Winkler and Tina Brown about African American roller skating culture. The film was Executive Produced by John Legend and features Salt-N-Pepa, Coolio and Naughty By Nature. Acquired by HBO, the film features several notable roller rinks in the United States, including Skate Depot and World on Wheels.


Camanachd Cup

The Camanachd Association Challenge Cup known as the Camanachd Cup (or less commonly the Scottish Cup) is the premier competition in the sport of shinty. It is one of the five trophies considered to be part of the Grand Slam in the sport of shinty.
The 2019 champions were Newtonmore Camanachd, beating Oban Camanachd 5-1 in the Final (after the initial game was called off due to poor weather at 0-0), making this their 34th Camanachd Cup.
In 2019 the Camanachd Association named former Fort William and Scotland captain, Gary Innes as the competitions first ambassador.
The tournament.
The tournament was first played in 1896 with Kingussie beating Glasgow Cowal 2-0 at Needlefield Park, Inverness.
At present the tournament is contested by the eligible teams in North and South Division 1 (and from 2014, National Division One), together with the teams in the Premiership, who join the competition at the second round stage. There was formerly a Qualifying Cup.
Traditionally, the trophy was competed for on a North/South basis with the best team from the North facing the best team from the South only in the final. In 1983 the open draw was introduced which resulted in the first, and until 2012, only all-South final, between Kyles and Inveraray. 1984 saw the first ever All-North final and first ever final clash between heated rivals Kingussie and Newtonmore.
Four teams have won the trophy three times in a row, Newtonmore, Kingussie, Kyles Athletic and Fort William.
The highest margin of victory was in 1997 when Kingussie hammered Newtonmore 12-1. The highest scoring final, and the previous largest margin of victory was held by Newtonmore themselves, 11-3 with Furnace in 1907.
Only Furnace (1923) and Newtonmore (2013) have gone through the competition without conceding a goal.
In 2006, the Cup had its first ever televised draw on BBC Scotland sports programme Spòrs, with the final also being broadcast live.
The trophy.
The trophy itself was made after public donation in 1896 and, as befits such a Blue Riband event, the cup is designed and constructed by Hamilton and Inches, Edinburgh. The player on the lid was modelled from Jock Dallas who played for Kingussie and whose great grandson, Ally Dallas, still plays for Kingussie.
In 2006, the ancient trophy made its way to New York City for the Tartan Day celebrations, the first time it had ever left Scotland.
Due to the rumbunctious nature of the celebrations of victorious teams leaving the trophy in a fragile state,(drinking whisky from the bowl is a traditional ritual and on one occasion the trophy was abandoned and then found in Somerled Square, Portree, after Skye Camanachd's 1990 victory, as everybody had assumed somebody else was looking after it), the board of directors at the Camanachd Association took the decision to have the trophy renovated and a replica of the trophy made for presentation after finals. The replica was to be ready for the centenary final in 2007 in Inverness but the cost of a replica were considered prohibitive and therefore the original trophy is still used.
The final.
The final is usually played on a rotation system, with An Aird in Fort William, the Bught Park in Inverness and Mossfield Park in Oban hosting the final. In recent years the final has also been held at The Dell in Kingussie, Dunoon and at Old Anniesland in Glasgow. The 2019 Final is set to be played at The Dell for the first time since 1999.
The 2011 final was the first ever to go to extra time; no final has ever required penalties.
The Man of the Match has been awarded the Albert Smith Medal since 1972.
Recent finals.
Between the years of 1990 (when Skye defeated Newtonmore) and 2012 (When Kyles Athletic defeated Inveraray) there was not a final which did not feature either Kingussie or Fort William.
Kyles Athletic won the Cup in 1994, the match refereed by John Henderson of Caol. Captain David Taylor received the trophy from Peter Cullen of sponsor Glenmorangie Distillery Co. Mr Cullen died on 7 December 2011 in Edinburgh.
Oban Camanachd won the trophy in 1996, The Centennial Final, under the management of Colin MacDonald. Ron Millican (Kiltarlity) refereed. BBC Radio Scotland provided live coverage with commentary by Iain Anderson. This was a repeat of the 1993 final.
The 2009 final was held at Mossfield Park, Oban between Kyles Athletic and holders Fort William on 19 September. An exciting final saw Fort William take a 3-0 lead before being pegged back to 3-3 by a Kyles comeback with 10 minutes to go. Fort William achieved a three in a row streak however thanks to a late goal by James "Big Jim" Clark and won the game 4-3. The match was shown live on BBC 2 & BBC Alba. Ronnie Campbell refereed with the assistance of Billy MacLeod, Billy Witherspoon, Euan FS Pearson, Robert Baxter Jnr, Graham Irving and Dougie Cameron.
The 2010 final was played at the Bught Park on 18 September 2010 between holders Fort William and Kingussie, who have not won the trophy since 2006. Fort William won 3-2 with a goal in the last 15 seconds from Gary Innes. Billy Wotherspoon refereed.
The 2011 final was played at the Bught yet again as An Aird is undergoing repair work. Newtonmore won the game 4-3 with an extra time goal. Derek Cameron refereed, assisted by John Crawford, Gus Campbell, Graeme MacMillan, Jock Matheson, Kevin Cheeseman and Iain Kennedy.
The 2012 final was played on 15 September at Mossfield Park, Oban. Kyles Athletic defeated Inveraray. The match was televised (BBC Two) with commentary from Gary Innes.
In 2013, Newtonmore lifted the trophy for the 30th time without conceding a goal the whole tournament.
The 2014 Camanachd Cup Final saw Kingussie win it for the 23rd time. This win also marked 100 years since Kingussie won 6-1 against Kyles at Possil Park in Glasgow. Four months after this final Britain declared war on Germany. By the end of 1918, six players of the winning team were dead, two had been shot and wounded, and one had been badly gassed. To commemorate this, the 2014 winning team wore specially-made shirts which included a remembrance poppy and the names of the 1914 players, including those who gave their lives.
In the 2015 final Lovats Goalkeeper Stuart MacDonald was the winner of the Albert smith medal as his side went on to win 2-1.
The 2016 final saw Oban return to the show-piece occasion but in an uneventful game, Newtonmore reclaimed the trophy for their 31st win.
The 2017 final saw both 2015 and 2016 Camanachd Cup champions face off with Newtonmore retaining the title against a spirited Lovat side.
The 2019 final was postponed due to a waterlogged pitch, it was called off at the start of the second half.
Media coverage.
The Camanachd Cup final is shown live on BBC Two Scotland.
Sponsorship.
Glenmorangie and SSE plc have both sponsored the Camanachd Cup. In 2017 the cup was first sponsored by Tulloch Home.
Winners.
"*Updated 15 September 2018"
1896 - Kingussie 2, Glasgow Cowal 0, at Inverness
1897 - Beauly 5, Brae Lochaber 0, at Inverness
1898 - Beauly 2, Inverary 1, at Inverness
1899 - Ballachulish 2, Kingussie 1, at Perth
1900 - Kingussie 1 - 0 Furnace at Inverness; Replay played in Perth "*Final drawn in Inverness, replayed in Perth"
1901 - Ballachulish 2, Kingussie 1, at Inverness
1902 - Kingussie 3, Ballachulish 1, at Inverness
1903 - "Kingussie awarded Cup after final drawn in Perth, with Inverary refusing to play replay in Inverness"
1904 - Kyles Athletic 4, Laggan 1, at Kingussie
1905 - Kyles Athletic 2, Newtonmore 0, at Inverness
1906 - Kyles Athletic 4, Newtonmore 2, at Inverness
1907 - Newtonmore 7, Kyles Athletic 2, at Kingussie
1908 - Newtonmore 5, Furnace 2, at Inverness
1909 - Newtonmore 11, Furnace 3, at Glasgow
1910 - Newtonmore 6, Furnace 1, at Kingussie
1911 - Ballachulish 3, Newtonmore 1, at Lochaber "(Newtonmore had won 3-2, but a protest was granted to Ballachulish - Original final played in Inverness)"
1912 - Ballachulish 4, Newtonmore 2, at Perth
1913 - Beauly 3, Kyles Athletic 1, at Kingussie
1914 - Kingussie 6, Kyles Athletic 1, at Glasgow
1915-19 - "No competition owing to Great War"
1920 - Kyles Athletic 2, Kingussie 1, at Glasgow, after drawn game, 0-0 at Inverness
1921 - Kingussie 2, Kyles Athletic I, at Inverness)
1922 - Kyles Athletic 6, Beauly 3, at Oban
1923 - Furnace 2, Newtonmore 0, at Inverness
1924 - Kyles Athletic 2, Newtonmore 1, at Kingussie, after drawn game, 3-3, at Glasgow
1925 - Inverary 2, Lovat 0, at Inverness)
1926 - Inverary 3, Spean Bridge 2, at Oban
1927 - Kyles Athletic 2, Newtonmore 1, at Inverness)
1928 - Kyles Athletic 6, Boleskine 2, at Glasgow
1929 - Newtonmore 5, Kyles Athletic 3, at Spean Bridge
1930 - Inverary 2, Caberfeidh 1, at Oban
1931 - Newtonmore 4, Inverary 1, at Inverness
1932 - Newtonmore 1, Oban 0, at Glasgow
1933 - Oban Camanachd 3, Newtonmore 2, at Keppoch, Lochaber, after drawn game, 1-1, at Corpach, Fort William
1934 - Caberfeidh 3, Kyles Athletic 0, at Inveraray
1935 - Kyles Athletic 6, Caberfeidh 4, at Inverness
1936 - Newtonmore 1, Kyles Athletic 0. at Spean Bridge, after drawn game, 2-2, at Inverness
1937 - Oban Celtic 2. Newtonmore 1, at Keppoch, after drawn game, 2-2 at Inverness
1938 - Oban Camanachd 4, Inverness 2. at Oban
1939 - Caberfeidh 2, Kyles Athletic 1, at Inverness
1940-46 - "No competition owing to Second World War"
1947 - Newtonmore 4, Lochfyneside 0, at Oban
1948 - Newtonmore 4, Ballachulish 2, at Inverness
1949 - Oban Celtic 1, Newtonmore 0, at Glasgow
1950 - Newtonmore 4. Lochfyneside 2, at Oban
1951 - Newtonmore 8, Oban Camanachd 2, at Inverness
1952 - Inverness 3, Oban Celtic 2. at Glasgow
1953 - Lovat 4, Kyles Athletic 1, at Fort William, after drawn game. 2-2, at Oban
1954 - Oban Celtic 4. Newtonmore 1, at Inverness
1955 - Newtonmore 5, Kyles Athletic 2, at Glasgow
1956 - Kyles Athletic 4, Kilmallie 1, at Oban
1957 - Newtonmore 3, Kyles Athletic 1, at Spean Bridge
1958 - Newtonmore 3, Oban Camanachd 1, at Inverness
1959 - Newtonmore 7, Kyles Athletic 3, at Glasgow
1960 - Oban Celtic 4. Newtonmore 1, at Oban
1961 - Kingussie 2. Oban Celtic 1, at Fort William
1962 - Kyles Athletic 3, Kilmallie 1, (Final played in Inverness)
1963 - Oban Celtic 3, Kingussie 2, at Glasgow
1964 - Kilmallie 4. Inverary 1, at Fort William
1965 - Kyles Athletic 4, Kilmallie 1, at Oban
1966 - Kyles Athletic 3. Newtonmore 2, at Inverness
1967 - Newtonmore 3, Inverary 0, at Glasgow
1968 - Kyles Athletic 2, Kingussie 1, at Oban, after drawn game, 3-3, at Fort William
1969 - Kyles Athletic 3, Kilmallie 1, at Oban
1970 - Newtonmore 7, Kyles Athletic 1, at Kingussie
1971 - Newtonmore 7, Kyles Athletic 1, at Inverness
1972 - Newtonmore 6, Oban Celtic 3 at Glasgow
1973 - Glasgow Mid Argyll 4, Kingussie 2, at Fort William
1974 - Kyles Athletic 4, Kingussie 1, at Oban
1975 - Newtonmore 1, Kyles Athletic 0, at Fort William, after drawn game, 3-3, at Kingussie
1976 - Kyles Athletic 4, Newtonmore 2, at Inverness
1977 - Newtonmore 5, Kyles Athletic 3, at Glasgow
1978 - Newtonmore 3, Kyles Athletic 2, at Fort William
1979 - Newtonmore 4, Kyles Athletic 3, at Oban
1980 - Kyles Athletic 6, Newtonmore 5, at Kingussie
1981 - Newtonmore 4, Oban Camanachd 1, at Glasgow
1982 - Newtonmore 8, Oban Celtic 2, at Inverness
1983 - Kyles Athletic 3, Strachur and District 2, at Fort William
1984 - Kingussie 4, Newtonmore 1, at Oban
1985 - Newtonmore 4, Kingussie 2, at Kingussie
1986 - Newtonmore 5, Oban Camanachd 1, at Glasgow
1987 - Kingussie 4, Newtonmore 3, at Fort William
1988 - Kingussie 4, Glenurquhart 2, at Inverness)
1989 - Kingussie 5, Newtonmore 1, at Oban
1990 - Skye 4, Newtonmore 1, at Fort William
1991 - Kingussie 3, Fort William 1, at Inverness
1992 - Fort William 1, Kingussie 0, at Glasgow
1993 - Kingussie 4, Oban Camanachd 0, at Fort William
1994 - Kyles Athletic 3, Fort William 1, at Inverness
1995 - Kingussie 3, Oban Camanachd 2, at Oban
1996 - Oban Camanachd 3, Kingussie 2, at Inverness
1997 - Kingussie 12, Newtonmore 1, at Fort William
1998 - Kingussie 7, Oban Camanachd 3, at Oban
1999 - Kingussie 3, Oban Camanachd 0, at Kingussie
2000 - Kingussie 3, Kyles Athletic 1, at Fort William
2001 - Kingussie 2, Oban Camanachd 0, at Glasgow
2002 - Kingussie 3, Inverary 2, at Inverness
2003 - Kingussie 6, Fort William 0, at Fort William
2004 - Inverary 1, Fort William 0, at Oban
2005 - Fort William 3, Kilmallie 2, at Fort William
2006 - Kingussie 4, Fort William 2, at Dunoon
2007 - Fort William 3, Inveraray 1, at Inverness
2008 - Fort William 2, Kingussie 1, at Fort William
2009 - Fort William 4, Kyles Athletic 3, at Oban
2010 - Fort William 3, Kingussie 2, at Inverness
2011 - Newtonmore 4, Kingussie 3, at Inverness, (A.E.T.)
2012 - Kyles Athletic 6, Inverary 5, at Oban
2013 - Newtonmore 3, Kyles Athletic 0, at Fort William
2014 - Kingussie 4, Glenurquhart 0, at Inverness
2015 - Lovat 2, Kyles Athletic 1, at Oban
2016 - Newtonmore 1, Oban Camanachd 0, at Fort William
2017 - Newtonmore 3, Lovat 2, at Bught Park, Inverness
2018 - Newtonmore 3, Lovat 0, at Oban
2019 - Newtonmore 5, Oban Camanachd 1, at Fort William (after first game was abandoned at 0-0)
Wins by club.
"*Updated 15 September 2018"
Runners-Up by club.
"*Updated 15 September 2018"


Brian Wilks

Brian Wilks (born February 27, 1966) is a former professional hockey player who played for the Los Angeles Kings in the National Hockey League.
Biography.
Wilks was born in Toronto, Ontario. As a youth, he played in the 1979 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with the Toronto Shopsy's minor ice hockey team.
He played for the Kitchener Rangers of the Ontario Hockey League from 1982 to 1984. He was drafted in 1984, 24th overall, by the Los Angeles Kings. He led the Kings in preseason scoring in 1984-85. He made his NHL debut later that season. He played with the Kings until he was traded to the Edmonton Oilers on March 7, 1989. He never played in the NHL again, and finished his career in the American Hockey League in 1990.


C.D. Esmeraldas Petrolero

Club Social, Cultural y Deportivo Esmeraldas Petrolero is a sports club based in Esmeraldas, Ecuador. It is best known for its professional football team, which has since folded.
The club was founded on December 29, 1977, by the workers of the nearby oil refineries in the province. By the 1980s, the team ascended to the top-level of football in the country, the Serie A, where it enjoy moderate success. The team finished 4th in 1984 and had the league's top-scorer in 1985, Brazilian Guga.
The 1990s proved to be a downtime for the club. They had been relegated down to the third tier of football, Segunda Categoria. By 1998, they had gained promotion to the Serie B, where it stayed until 2003. They quickly gained promotion the following season, only to be relegated back to the Segunda by the first stage of 2006.


Sumo-suit athletics

Sumo Suit Athletics is an international sport which started in the United Kingdom in the year 2008. It is a sport where participants wear sumo fat suits while doing regular athletic events.
The suits used weigh around 11 kg. The suits restrict leg movement, and participants are not allowed to use their hands to lift the suits up. This results in participants raising their arms and shoulders while running producing a comedic effect.
World championships.
There have now been three World Championship events held since 2008 with the next event set to take place some time in 2012.
The five main events at the World Championships include:
100m sprint, Long jump, High jump, Shot put and the 400m endurance race.
The 2009 men's event, held at the Battersea athletics track in London, was dominated by three South Africans, Willem Muller, Jeremy Gallop and brother Michael Gallop, who won in all 5 events. Four world records were broken with only the 100m record standing from the previous year. In the women's event Charlotte Willis from Great Britton won 3 events, and four new world records were set in part due to the introduction of 'child's' suits for the women instead of adult suits. The women's High Jump record from 2008 was not beaten.
The 2010 event was again held at the Battersea athletics track in London. In the men's event all but the Shot Put world record was broken. Ed Moyse set a new 100m record with 14.43secs and also a Long Jump record of 4.25m. Jeremy Gallop bettered his own record from 2009 in the High Jump by jumping 1.31m. Sam Hyatt-Twynam ran a blistering pace in the 400m to set a new world record of 1.26secs.
In the women's event Jo Higgins dominated by setting four new world records in the 100m, Long Jump, Shot Put and 400m. Gabrielle Morales from Hungary set a new women's high jump record with a height of 1.05m.
Records.
The current world records (as of June 2010) are:
Women's Seasons Best.
400m "Endurance".
Record Sources:


Samuel Mosberg

Samuel A. Mossberg or Mosberg (June 14, 1896 – August 30, 1967) was an American lightweight professional boxer who competed in the early 1920s. He was managed by Billy Gibson and Jack Bulger for most of his professional career.
Amateur career.
Mosberg was born in Austria on June 14, 1896, but grew up on New York City's East side, a largely Jewish section. He began his prolific amateur boxing career in 1912 at age 16 with New York's Pastime Athletic Club and gained vast experience, eventually fighting an impressive 250 amateur fights.
WWI Navy boxer.
Boxing for the navy in World War I, Mosberg won the lightweight championship for his base, the Newport Naval Station at Newport, Rhode, Island, where he continued his amateur boxing career against navy fighters. He simultaneously worked as a navy boxing instructor, as did his friend boxer Mel Coogan, before he was discharged and returned to his civilian amateur career. His patriotic service in World War I and subsequent training and participation in the Olympics delayed his entry into boxing's professional ranks until he reached the age of twenty four.
Olympic gold medalist, 1920.
Mosberg did not perform well enough in the Olympic trials in Boston to be placed on the two-person American lightweight boxing team, but was picked as an alternate and sailed to the Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium in August 1920. He was selected for the team when he defeated a higher-ranking team member, black boxer Ben Pontieu, in a match on the boat ride. Mosberg also claimed to have beaten Pontieu earlier that year in an Eastern elimination tournament prior to the trials, and admired his skills and technique. In 1952, he claimed Pontieu was a better boxer than those he would later meet in the Olympics. The "New York Age" told a different version of Pontieu's Olympic trails experience, but omitted that Mosberg had beaten Pontieu prior to the Olympics.
With an exceptional performance in his Olympic showing on August 23, 1920, Mosberg knocked out his Semi-Final competitor, rugged South African, Richard Beland, only seconds into the first round, establishing what might have been an Olympic record at the time for fastest knockout. Not long after the opening bell, Mosberg feinted, and connected with a powerful hook to Beland's chin that sent his opponent to the canvas for the count and ended the bout. In his Olympic Finals match on August 24, he defeated Danish boxer Gottfred Johansen, and claimed the gold medal. In one of his proudest moments, he was presented with his medal by King Albert of Belgium in an Olympic ceremony.
His Olympic coach, Spike Webb, the long serving boxing coach for the US Olympics, and Naval Academy's teams, commented once that Mosberg was the greatest Olympic champion he had ever coached.
Professional career.
He turned professional after the Olympics, competing in 57 professional fights. Mosberg was outpointed by the skilled, and highly rated lightweights Mel Coogan, and Frankie Conifrey. He lost to powerful Philadelphia Jewish lightweight Harry (Kid) Brown, though may have beaten him in their first bout. He was later knocked out by the powerful southpaw and World lightweight contender, Eddie Fitzsimmons.
In his first professional match, on December 7, 1920, Mosberg defeated Frank Cassidy, in a close ten-round newspaper decision of the "Philadelphia Record" at the Fourth Regiment Armory in New Jersey. Other newspapers wrote that Mosberg had clearly won on points scoring, but admitted the bout was close. Cassidy had the stronger punching in the bout, but Mosberg was credited with greater speed, and started off with a points lead in the first two rounds. In the closing round, Cassidy bore in to Mosberg with strong body blows, leading at least one reporter to write that the bout was a draw. Mosberg was happy to face Cassidy, who had decisioned him in the Olympic finals in Boston earlier that year. Cassidy had been a great amateur boxer who was an AAU Champion in 1918 and New York State Amateur boxing champion in 1919. But Mosberg knew Cassidy's fighting style and was willing to prove he could defeat his former Olympic rival in a final meeting. Dave Driscoll had promoted the bout, and got Mosberg $1,500 for the well-attended match. The boxing card included Mosberg's friend and future lightweight contender Mel Coogan against Jewish boxer Eddie Wallace. It also featured future light heavyweight champion Gene Tunney, the "fighting Marine". Mosberg was praised for his aggressive boxing, and claimed to have been particularly skilled in infighting in his early career. In his second bout, on the afternoon of December 25, 1920, Mosberg defeated Paul Edwards, a more experienced and proven opponent than Cassidy, in a decisive ten-round unanimous decision at the Commonwealth Sporting Club in New York. Both boxers were from New York's East Side, and the fighting was fast and furious, with Mosberg landing more blows and more telling ones than his opponent. Mosberg "made a chopping block" out of his more experienced opponent, but though he tried desperately, was unable to put him away in the later rounds, as Edwards assimilated the blows and sailed in for more. Edwards, a quality journeyman featherweight, had met Patsy Cline, Johnny Clinton, and Joe Tiplitz, but he was on the downside of his career, and had not amassed an impressive record against the contenders he had faced.
Facing even stiffer competition on February 5, 1921, Mosberg knocked out top lightweight contender Frankie Conifrey in the second of twelve rounds. Conifrey had dislocated his shoulder in the second after aiming a left at Mosberg that missed, and the referee had to call the bout off to allow a doctor to treat the injury. As a result, Mosberg won by technical knockout. Mosberg was matched by manager Billy Gibson, who had previously worked with lightweight champion Benny Leonard. Leonard had beaten Conifrey five years earlier. Earlier in January, 1921, Conifrey had defeated Mosberg at Madison Square Garden, the shrine of East coast boxing, in a six-round split decision.
Mosberg defeated Bostonian Frankie McManus in a fifth-round technical knockout on March 14, 1921, at the Olympia Athletic Club in Philadelphia. Had the bout been allowed to continue by the referee, Mosberg would likely have dropped McManus for the count. He had previously defeated McManus on February 28, at the Olympia in a six-round newspaper decision of the "Philadelphia Inquirer", in a fast fight where he boxed before a Philadelphia audience for the first time. McManus was a prolific boxer who had met New York Jewish featherweight Eddie Wallace, lightweight contender Patsy Cline, and New York Jewish lightweight contender Lew Tendler, but had not fared well against them. Capable of power, he had knocked out at least three of his early opponents, but had fared poorly in his late career.
On June 6, 1921, Mosberg easily defeated Bert Spencer at the Federal League Baseball Park in Harrison, Pennsylvania, in an eight-round newspaper decision of the "Pittsburgh Post" and a majority of local newspapers. It was a decisive win against a well-rated contender for Mosberg. An impressive crowd of 30,000 watched the preliminary bout at the Newark Baseball Park and would later see Benny Leonard beat Rocky Kansas. Spencer was a competent feather and lightweight who would fight top talent in his career, including world jr. lightweight champion Jack Bernstein, top rated feather and lightweight contender Benny Valgar, and world featherweight champion Johnny Dundee.
Mosberg lost to his friend, highly rated lightweight contender, Mel Coogan on August 13, 1921, before a large crowd at Long Island's Queensboro Stadium in a twelve-round points decision. Coogan, who had risen in the ranks to a well-rated lightweight contender, beat his old friend easily, though he knew his style and technique from their years of coaching navy boxers together in World War I.
In another close bout, Mosberg drew with Ray Pryel in Newark, New Jersey, on September 22, 1921, in a twelve-round newspaper decision of the "Philadelphia Record" in Newark, New Jersey. Pryel would fight several highly rated lightweights in his later career including Ever Hammer and Jewish boxer Joe Tiplitz, but have a spotty record against them.
In an easy win, Mosberg defeated Charley Egan on October 19, 1921, in an eight-round points decision at Brooklyn's Coney Island. On October 31, 1921, Mosberg fought a close bout with Gus Franchetti at the Olympia Athletic Club in Philadelphia, that was called a draw by the "Philadelphia Public Ledger". In a rough bout, Mosberg displayed better ringcraft and scored with stronger punches, but Franchetti attacked on his own each time Mosberg built a margin on points, and managed to even the scoring by the close of the bout.
Bouts with Harry "Kid" Brown, 1921–1922.
On December 26, 1921, Mosberg lost to fellow Jewish boxer Harry "Kid" Brown in a close eight-round newspaper decision of three Philadelphia newspapers before a partisan crowd at the Olympic Athletic Club in Philadelphia. Brown, a native Philadelphian, was a formidable opponent with a powerful punch, an enviable record, and a deadly 30% knockout rate in his winning matches. Their bout was considered the fastest of the day, and Mosberg had to use his best defensive skills to avoid the power of his opponent. The respected "New York Evening World", Mosberg's hometown newspaper, believed Mosberg had won the close bout, taking five of the eight rounds, and had skillfully dropped Brown to the canvas in the fourth. The "World" further noted that he had weakened Brown throughout the bout with strong body punches and deserved the decision.
In their second and last match together, Mosberg lost to Harry Brown in February 1922 in a close eight-round points decision at Madison Square Garden. Mosberg later claimed he was out of shape for the bout, as he had been called at the last minute to substitute for another boxer. Their semi-final match was fought before a large audience who would later see Benny Leonard fight Rocky Kansas in the final match. The fast and close contest featured a great deal of clinching, that kept the referee busy separating the wary combatants who knew the skills of their opponent from their previous fight. Mosberg's lack of conditioning may have explained his need to clinch so frequently.
Mosberg was in a rough and close twelve-round fight on April 22, 1922, with Mickey Donley at the Clermont Avenue Rink in Brooklyn. Mossberg knocked Donley to the canvas in the opening round, but the majority of the bout was even, though the boxers mixed it up throughout.
Eddie Fitzsimmons, June 1922.
On June 26, 1922, Mosberg was knocked out a few seconds into the first round by southpaw Eddie Fitzsimmons in an important twelve-round, semi-final match before a huge crowd of 20,000 at New York's Bronx Velodrome. Fitzsimmons was an unusually powerful lightweight, with over 50% of his wins by knockout and a good record against most of the better lightweights of the 1920s. Mosberg, in an interview in 1948, claimed Fitzsimmons had hit him with his powerful left when he went to shake hands shortly after the opening bell. The large crowd had come to see Benny Leonard meet welterweight champion Jack Britton in the final match but first watched the Mosberg bout. The powerful Fitzsimmons had beaten future world Junior Welterweight champion Pinky Mitchell and had fared well against the great lightweights Johnny Dundee, Pal Moran, and New York Jewish battler Lou Tendler. He had also won decisive victories over Chicagoan Jewish lightweight Charley White, New York Jewish lightweight Phil Bloom and 1920 Connecticut state welterweight champion Lou Bogash. Mosberg felt badly about the loss and was hoping for a rematch when he was called to fight in Australia.
Australian light champ, Hughie Dwyer, 1922.
Mosberg boxed in Australia in 1922, losing a decision to new Australian national lightweight champion Hughie Dwyer in a long and grueling twenty-round non-title fight in Brisbane on November 25, but defeating 5-foot-3-inch Filipino Silvino Jamito on December 9, who lacked his reach and power, in another twenty-round bout. In the Dwyer bout, Mosberg received a hard bash in the second that rocked him, but dropped Dwyer briefly in the sixteenth, using an effective defense to remain on his feet throughout the historic match. Mosberg later claimed Dwyer was not a hard puncher, and typical of his English style, favored long-range boxing and retreating to the close-range infighting that was characteristic of American boxing in the era.
In a late-career match on May 11, 1923, Mosberg defeated New Jersey boxer Willie Shaw in Hoboken, New Jersey, in a twelve-round newspaper decision. Near the end of his career on August 14, 1923, Mosberg had a close ten-round fight with Jack Rappaport at the open air arena of Broad Athletic Club in Newark, New Jersey. Mosberg suffered from a six-inch disadvantage in height, greatly limiting his reach against Rappaport but won the bout in the decision of the "New York Evening Telegraph", who wrote "Sammy had a clear lead over his opponent all the way".
In his last reported bout, on October 8, 1923, Mosberg lost to local boxer Jack McFarland in a close eight-round points decision at Dreamland Park in Newark, New Jersey. McFarland had the stronger punch, and was able to dominate the infighting, a skill the more experienced, but battle-weary Mosberg had excelled in his earlier boxing career. McFarland was a respectable welterweight who would meet exceptional boxer Lew Tendler twice, and Benny Valgar once, but would not fare well against them. Having lost to a rival of lesser talent, Mosberg considered retirement after the bout.
He retired from professional boxing at age 27 after his loss to McFarland. He knew that the recent death of his manager Jack Bulger would impede his chance to find future matches, and he was drawn to the opportunity to go into the furniture business with his father.
Life after boxing, 1923–1967.
He owned and ran two large and successful furniture salesrooms in the Borough Hall neighborhood of Brooklyn for most of his life after boxing and later had success as a real estate broker.
Mosberg, who was Jewish, coached the United States boxing team at the 1953 Maccabiah Games. Mosberg assisted and coached a benefit for the American team headed for the Maccabiah Games in Jamaica, New York, on August 30, 1953, and coached, raised money, and acted as a speaker for amateur boxing on many occasions during his retirement.
He died on August 30, 1967, in Brooklyn, New York, of a heart attack. He was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1985.


English Shinty Association

The English Shinty Association (ESA) is the main body for promoting and encouraging the sport of shinty in England. The body's headquarters are in Penryn, Cornwall.
History of shinty in England.
Shinty was previously played widely in England in the 19th century and early 20th century, with teams such as London Scots, Bolton Caledonian, Cottonopolis and evidence to suggest it was played in some form in Cumberland, Yorkshire, Lancashire, Cheshire, Nottingham, Cornwall and Lincoln. Nottingham Forest F.C. was established by shinty and bandy players as Nottingham Forest Football and Bandy Club. There is evidence to support that Old Trafford and Stamford Bridge were used for shinty matches in the 19th century.
Shinty died out in England until only London Camanachd remained and they themselves struggled throughout the late 20th century into the new millennium. There was a Northallerton Camanachd in the late 60s to early 80s, and interest was maintained by the links to the nearby military base, but they only competed periodically.
The revival of the London Club has sparked interest in Cornwall, and Cornwall were finally able to offer London some 'local' opposition in March 2012. London's success grew and the English Capital's side hosted a successful tournament in September 2011 featuring the hosts, Cornwall and the SCOTS Camanachd.
The influence of the SCOTS and the tradition of English shinty being run by Scottish university graduates saw the resurrection of shinty in Northallerton under the name Northallerton Shinty Club.
Atkins UK donated Helmets to the association to help provide protection, especially to the youth players, at club and international level.
Recent history.
The English Shinty Association was founded in 2013 by three ex-University Shinty players with a passion for reviving the game in England. The three players in question, Matt Mossop, Graham Love and Alan MacDonald, had already founded/revived teams in their respective areas, Cornwall, London and Northallerton.
With London crowned English Champions at the Shinty Shop Challenge Cup on goal difference over Cornwall at Bristol's expense, ESA organized the historic first shinty international against the USA in 2013 (England 2- USA 0), ESA entered the Bullough Cup for the first time in 2013, whilst its constituent teams were represented at St Andrews Sixes in 2013.
Expansion continued in 2014, entering the Bullough Cup, running a tour to Scotland and various festivals being run in London, Cornwall and other locations in England.
Structure.
The association currently supports four clubs: Cornwall Shinty Club, Oxford Shinty Club (set up in 2013), University of Nottingham Shinty Club (established 2015) and the oldest shinty club in England, London Camanachd.
The association also supports development sides in Northallerton Shinty Club, The North West, East Anglia and Bristol.
The committee was expanded in 2014 to facilitate the development of Women's and University Shinty as well as overseeing the day-to-day running of the association. An English Universities Championship will be held for the first time in 2014-15.
The English Shinty Association is an affiliated member of the Camanachd Association, the world's governing body for shinty.
Clubs and teams.
The association has a varied range of teams under its auspices.
There are two major clubs in England who are affiliated as separate members of the Camanachd Association.
There are five teams in the SW League:
The student teams also compete as Camborne School of Mines Shinty Club.
The association also hosts the following sides:
Competitions.
The association runs the English Shinty Championship, played for the Shinty Shop Challenge Cup. This was first played in 2012 in Flax Bourton. 2013 was played in Bristol.
International activities.
"For more information see English Shinty Team"
The association co-ordinates the English Shinty Team. In 2013 The English side competed in the Bullough Cup against Tayforth Camanachd, but were beaten 11-1.
They also participated in an International challenge match against the USA, where England ran out 2-0 winners.


Carol Weymuller Open

The Carol Weymuller Open is an annual women's squash tournament that takes place in Brooklyn, New York, United States in September. It is part of the WSA World Tour.


Neal Shapiro (equestrian)

Neal Shapiro (born July 22, 1945) is an American equestrian and Olympic medalist.
Shapiro was born in Brooklyn, New York, and is Jewish.
He won silver and bronze medals in show jumping at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany. He is also a two-time winner of the Grand Prix of Aachen. Shapiro was inducted into the United States Show Jumping Hall of Fame in 2010.
He coached the 11-person U.S. equestrian team at the 19th Maccabiah Games (the "Jewish Olympics") in Israel in 2013.
He is the cousin of historian Edward S. Shapiro.


New Zealand Premier Hockey League

The Sentinel Homes Premier Hockey League is a field hockey competition organised by Hockey New Zealand, which replaced the New Zealand National Hockey League.
The competition serves as New Zealand's premier domestic hockey league, helping unearth future talent for selection to the country's national teams; the Black Sticks.
The Central Falcons were the inaugural tournament champions in both the men's and women's editions, taking out the 2020 titles.
History.
The Sentinel Homes Premier Hockey League was founded in 2020. The tournament was formed following an overhaul of the New Zealand National Hockey League (NHL), and replaced the tournament to serve as New Zealand's premier hockey competition.
The League features many format adjustments which were introduced in the 2019 editions of the NHL.
In 2020, it was confirmed that the league had secured a major partnership with Sentinel Homes, with naming rights also afforded to the company, forming the "Sentinel Homes Premier Hockey League".
Awards.
In both the men's and women's competitions, Hockey New Zealand presents a most valuable player (MVP) award at the conclusion of the tournament. The name of each trophy comes from that of past Black Sticks players. The men's trophy is named after father and son, Jeff and Ryan Archibald, forming the Archibald Trophy, while the women's trophy is named after Suzie Muirhead.
Winners of both the Archibald and Muirhead trophies are listed below.


Helen Plaschinski

Helen Plaschinski Farca (born April 8, 1963) is a former female freestyle swimmer from Mexico, who participated in the 1980 Summer Olympics for her native country. Her best result in Moscow, Soviet Union was a sixth place in the Women's 4 × 100 m Freestyle Relay.


George O. Van Orden

George Owen Van Orden (September 9, 1906 – May 13, 1967) was a decorated U.S. Marine brigadier general. He is most noted for his service as executive officer of the 3rd Marine Regiment during the Bougainville Campaign, where he received the Navy Cross, the United States military's second-highest decoration awarded for valor in combat. Van Orden completed his career as director of First Marine Corps Reserve District in Boston, Massachusetts.
He is considered to be the "Father of Marine Snipers" due to co-authoring in 1942 a Marine Corps report recommending adoption of the M70 rifle with Unertl 8X scope for military use (ultimately unsuccessful) and his subsequent role establishing the training program for USMC snipers.
Early career.
George Owen Van Orden was born on September 9, 1906, at the Marine Barracks, Pensacola, Florida, as the son of late marine colonel George Van Orden and his wife Stella Leone Owen. His father served as commanding officer of the Marine barracks at that time, and young George spent his childhood between marines. He later attended Manlius School in DeWitt, New York and subsequently received appointment to the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland.
However, Van Orden left the academy in May 1925 after two years of study and enlisted as private in the Marine Corps on May 25, 1925, at Baltimore, Maryland. He served for two years as enlisted man, reached the rank of sergeant and later qualified as Expert rifleman for rifle competitions at Quantico. Van Orden received the Marine Corps Good Conduct Medal for his exemplary behavior and was selected to attend Officer Candidates School at Quantico, Virginia, in July 1927 and completed the Meritorious Commissioning Program in March 1928.
He was commissioned second lieutenant during that time and ordered to the Basic School at Philadelphia Navy Yard for additional officer training. Van Orden completed the school one year later and sailed for Haiti as a member of 1st Marine Brigade. He remained in the Caribbean until summer 1931 and subsequently served with the Marine detachment aboard the battleship USS "Oklahoma" in the Pacific Ocean.
Following his return to the United States, Van Orden served consecutively as commanding officer of Marine Rifle Ranges at Cape May, New Jersey, Wakefield, Massachusetts, and Quantico, Virginia. He graduated from the Artillery Course, Marine Corps Schools, Quantico and had extensive experience in naval antiaircraft and seacoast gunnery. Improving small arms marksmanship and techniques of weapons of all types were all consuming interest with him. A Distinguished Marksman, he has been active in competitive marksmanship, ordnance design, and weapons training, since early in his career.
Van Orden was stationed as captain and Marine detachment commander at the Naval Air Engineering Station Lakehurst, when airship "LZ 129 Hindenburg" crashed on May 6, 1937. He commanded his Marines during the salvage operation and received a letter of commendation by the commandant, Thomas Holcomb, "for exercising "good judgment and initiative in immediately leading his Marine Detachment to the scene of the disastrous destruction by fire of the "Hindenburg" as it nosed to its mooring mast."
He was transferred to the Division of Plans and Policies at Headquarters Marine Corps in Washington, D.C., in 1939 and served as an Umpire during the Fleet Landing Exercise in Culebra, Puerto Rico. Late in that year, Van Orden was ordered for instruction to Ordnance Field Service School at Raritan Arsenal in Metuchen, New Jersey.
World War II.
Upon the completion of the course at Ordnance School, Van Orden was promoted to the rank of Major and ordered to the Marine Corps Base Quantico. While there, he was appointed Commanding officer of Rifle Range Detachment, Post Service, Battalion in December 1939 and took part in the evaluation of the M1941 Johnson rifle, which was later used during the Pacific campaign.
Within this capacity, Van Orden was also responsible for the Scout-Sniper School and together with Marine Gunner Calvin Lloyd, he worked out the manual "Equipping the American Sniper". This expert treatise defined sniper usage and made specific recommendations for their armament. Small schools opened in different locations, teaching the skills their treatise outlined and graduates were promptly dispatched to the Pacific.
Van Orden was promoted to the rank of major and tasked with the organization of the Marine Corps Ordnance School of which he was the founding director in April 1942. This unique school had the job of training Marines to keep artillery weapons, fire control instruments, and ammunition functioning properly no matter how tough the going. Artillery weapons, anti-aircraft guns, fire control directors, range finders, gasoline-electric power plants, gyro-stabilized guns in light tanks – all came under the maintenance responsibilities of Ordnance School graduates.
He was ordered to Camp Lejeune, North Carolina in July 1942 and appointed commanding officer, 1st Battalion of the reactivated 3rd Marine Regiment under Colonel Oscar R. Cauldwell. After the two months of training, Van Orden sailed with his battalion to Tutuila, American Samoa in September 1942 and participated in the garrison duty until May 1943. While in American Samoa, Van Orden was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel and appointed executive officer of 3rd Marine Regiment.
The 3rd Marines were subsequently attached to the 3rd Marine Division in Auckland, New Zealand and undergone more intensive combined training. Van Orden was attached to the staff of XIV Army Corps under Major General Oscar Griswold and served as an observer during Battle of Vella Lavella within New Georgia Campaign in August 1943.
He rejoined his regiment on Guadalcanal in October 1943 and subsequently sailed for Bougainville at Papua New Guinea in order to capture the island from Japanese troops. The Bougainville was held by almost 70,000 Japanese troops.
Van Orden and 3rd Marine regiment took part in the landing at Cape Torokina under heavy enemy fire on November 1, 1943, and Van Orden participated in the main landing. He distinguished himself and received the Navy Cross, the United States military's second-highest decoration awarded for valor in combat.
His official Navy Cross citation reads:
One Marine witnessed him,
blazing away in the direction of the enemy with his pistol ... After emptying a magazine at the invisible (at least to me) target, Van Orden stepped back from the rear wall of the bunker, cleared, reloaded, and holstered his pistol ... with a self-satisfied grin on his face as if he had just completed a successful string of rapid fire.
For his heroics, he earned the nickname "The Beast".
Van Orden remained with the regiment during the Battle of Koromokina Lagoon on November 7–8 and later during the Battle of Piva Forks at the end of month. For his service during the latter part of Bougainville Campaign, Van Orden was decorated with the Legion of Merit with Combat "V". He also held temporary command of the 3rd Marine Regiment at the end of December 1943.
He was then attached to the I Marine Amphibious Corps Task Group (composed of I Marine Amphibious Corps staff) and participated in the Landing on Emirau in March–April 1944. The landing was unopposed and Van Orden joined the staff of 3rd Marine Division under Major General Allen H. Turnage. He was appointed Division Infantry Training Officer and participated in the Recapture of Guam in July–August 1944.
Despite the initial success of the landing, Japanese launched a counterattack during the night of July 25–26, and some enemy troops slipped through the front lines. General Turnage ordered Van Orden to assume command of two companies from 3rd Pioneer Battalion to eliminate this threat. In three hours the pioneers killed 33 of the assailants and lost three of their own men. Van Orden was slightly wounded and received the Bronze Star Medal with Combat "V" for his merits during Guam operation. Guam was declared secure on August 10, 1944.
Van Orden was ordered back to the United States in November 1944 and assumed command of Marine Barracks at Klamath Falls, Oregon, which served as the rehabilitation center for tropical diseases. He served in this capacity until July 1945, when he was ordered back to the Pacific area as commanding officer of 5th Field Service Depot at Guam. Within this capacity, he was responsible for the clothing, ordnance, equipment and supplies for the V Amphibious Corps units. He was also promoted to the rank of colonel for his new assignment.
Postwar service.
Following the surrender of Japan in August 1945, Van Orden and his depot moved to Sasebo, Japan, and participated in the occupation duties until February 1946, when he was attached to the staff of Fleet Marine Force, West Pacific under Brigadier General Gerald C. Thomas as logistics officer. During this assignment, Van Orden came into conflict with the regulations, when he was accused of improper handling of military rations. He received instruction about handling of rations in peculiarly worded order and did what the letter of the order said. However his superiors insisted, that what he did wasn't what the order meant.
Although Inspector general of the Marine Corps, Robert Blake, didn't find the accusation legitimate, because Van Orden did what the letter of the order said, both quartermaster general William P. T. Hill and director of personnel Pedro del Valle, overruled him and Van Orden received a Letter of reprimand. Van Orden was subsequently transferred back to the United States and attached to the Marine Corps Base Quantico.
He served with the Marine Corps Equipment Board under Brigadier General Louis R. Jones as its executive officer and remained in that capacity until mid June 1948. He then assumed his last duty as director of First Marine Corps Reserve District in Boston, Massachusetts and held this assignment until his retirement on September 1, 1949, after 25 years of Marine service. He was advanced to the rank of brigadier general on the retired list for having been specially commended in combat.
Retirement.
Upon his retirement from the Marine Corps, Van Orden settled in Quantico, Virginia, and opened a gun store, "Evaluators Limited" in Triangle, Virginia. The gun store specialized in selling firearms and equipment to military and law enforcement personnel including United States Coast Guard. He later served as a director of the National Rifle Association in New Hope, Pennsylvania, where he died on May 13, 1967.
He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia, together with his wife Flora Mason Van Orden (1907–1990). They had a daughter, Flora, and a son, George Mason Van Orden (1939–2013), who also served in the Marines and retired as lieutenant colonel in 1983. George O. Van Orden's grandson, George Kelley Van Orden, served in the Marines and retired in 2003 as chief warrant officer W-3.
Decorations.
Here is the ribbon bar of Brigadier General George O. Van Orden: