Green Gables Croquet Club

The Green Gables Croquet Club of Spring Lake, New Jersey was founded in 1957 by Suzie Linden (1913–1996). It is the oldest continuous croquet club in the United States and among the three founding members of the U.S. Croquet Association. It is believed that the original property has been sold; on 23 November 2008 the author of this update, who is a resident of Spring Lake, witnessed the demolition of the original house (also known by the same name.)
Early years.
Green Gables began in 1957 when Suzie Linden (then Oakes) invited a few friends for a game of croquet on the lawn of her ocean front Spring Lake home, known as Green Gables. Since forming, generations of players enjoyed the ocean breeze and boardwalk view while playing on the croquet malls. GGCC is recognized as the first on the east coast, and now the oldest continuously running club in the USA.
Transition.
After Suzie's death her property was sold and the croquet courts removed by the new owners. In 1999, the club built three world class courts in Sea Girt, NJ on state owned leased land in front of the general's house on the NJ National Guard Center.
Basic Information.
A growing club with a current membership of 70, Green Gables has three championship croquet courts and is the site of an invitational croquet tournament in mid-July each year.
Noteworthy.
Green Gables Croquet Club is the oldest continuous croquet club in the United States today and one of the founding members of the United States Croquet Association. In 1977, Jack Osborn gathered representatives of the clubs on the US East Coast, to meet in to agree on a standard set of rules for croquet in the United States. This group eventually agreed on the rules and formed the USCA.
On Strategy.
In the New York Times, founder Suzie Linden described the mental aspects of Croquet as a "combination of bilards and chess," adding, "You always have to think three moves ahead!" Suzie Linden was inducted into the Croquet Hall of Fame in 1980,
followed in 2008 by her daughter Diane.


Grand Prix International St. Gervais

The Grand Prix International St. Gervais was an annual senior-level international figure skating competition held in Saint-Gervais-les-Bains, France. For many years, beginning in 1969, it was paired with a similar competition in Germany, the Nebelhorn Trophy, to form a series called the Coupe des Alpes. Sometimes the "Coupe des Alpes" name was applied to the French event only, but in fact it was a team trophy awarded based on combined results of both competitions. The official name of the competition was unrelated to and predated the use of "Grand Prix" in the ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating.
History.
The St. Gervais and Nebelhorn events were traditionally held in late summer or early fall as the first international skating events of the season. In 1979, the French event was held in late August. In most years, the same teams of skaters entered both events. As these events predated the establishment of a regular junior competition circuit, younger skaters were often sent to St. Gervais and Nebelhorn as their first senior-level international competition assignments.
In 1997, the St. Gervais event was separated from the Nebelhorn Trophy and the Coupe des Alpes was discontinued. Instead, the French federation organized an international junior competition in St. Gervais as part of the inaugural 1997–98 ISU Junior Series, which was later renamed the ISU Junior Grand Prix of Figure Skating. In recent years, the French junior competition has been held in Courchevel instead.


2000 Italian Formula 3000 Championship

The 2000 Italian Formula 3000 Championship was contested over 8 rounds. 13 different teams, 40 different drivers competed. In this one-make formula all teams had to utilize Lola T96/50 chassis with Zytek engines.
Results.
Race 5 Pole Position originally won by Thomas Biagi, but all his times were cancelled and he started from last grid position.


The Eilan

The Eilan, also known as "Eilean Bheannchair", in Scots Gaelic, is a shinty stadium in the town of Newtonmore, Scotland. It is the home of Newtonmore Camanachd and has been a shinty venue since at least 1877.
Location.
The park is situated near a confluence between the River Calder and the River Spey on the outskirts of Newtonmore. It takes its name from Eilean Bheannchair which sits in the confluence.
History.
Shinty is recorded as being first played at the Eilan in 1877.
The ground was redeveloped in 1993 and has hosted several junior finals, including the 2010 Sutherland Cup final. The club has still to be granted the Camanachd Cup Final.


Underclass All-American

Underclass All-American is an honorific for high school and college athletes for excellence in competition. The athletes recognized with this title are considered the best players of a specific season in their sport that are members of a given class other than the senior class. These athletes are considered All-Americans for their class and are termed Junior All-Americans, Sophomore All-Americans and Freshman All-Americans or All-Freshman, All-Sophomore and All-Junior honorees.
High school basketball.
Annually, "ESPN HS" (formerly "ESPN RISE") selected 30 juniors, 20 sophomores, and 10 freshmen as boys' high school basketball Underclass All-Americans. MaxPreps.com also chooses annual underclass All-American teams. These teams were called the Junior All-American Team, the Sophomore All-American Team and the Freshman All-American Team.
High school football.
"ESPN HS" chooses 25 non-senior high school football players as its Underclass All-Americans. "MaxPreps" selects an Underclass All-American team for juniors, sophomores, and freshmen, naming a national player of the year for each grade.
College basketball.
National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I men's college basketball Freshman All-American teams are chosen annually by rotating selectors. For the 2011–12 NCAA Division I season, "Sporting News" chose a Freshman All-American team. For the 2010–11 season, Collegeinsider.com chose a Freshman All-American team.
College football.
"College Football News" ("CFN") chooses annual NCAA Division I men's college football Freshman All-American teams that it calls All-Freshman teams. In some years, "CFN" has chosen NCAA Division I men's college football Sophomore All-American teams.
College baseball.
"Collegiate Baseball" presents the annual NCAA Division I men's college baseball Louisville Slugger Freshmen All-American team.


Dick Lane (announcer)

Richard Lane (May 28, 1899 – September 5, 1982) was an American actor and television announcer/presenter. In movies, he played assured, fast-talking slickers: usually press agents, policemen and detectives, sometimes swindlers and frauds. He is perhaps best known to movie fans as "Inspector Farraday" in the Boston Blackie mystery-comedies. Lane also played Faraday in the first radio version of "Boston Blackie", which ran on NBC from June 23, 1944 to September 15, 1944. Lane was an early arrival on television, first as a news reporter and then as a sports announcer, broadcasting wrestling and roller derby shows on KTLA-TV, mainly from the Grand Olympic Auditorium in Los Angeles.
Biography.
Early years.
Lane was born in 1899 in Rice Lake, Wisconsin to a farm family. Early in life he developed talents for reciting poetry and doing various song-and-dance acts.
By his teenage years, Lane was doing an "iron jaw" routine in circuses around Europe and worked as a drummer touring with a band in Australia. After the decline of vaudeville, Lane found work in motion pictures. He started in small roles but producers and directors saw how well he handled dialogue, and he soon became one of Hollywood's busiest actors, equally skilled at drama and comedy. A shrewd businessman, Lane insisted on a two-week guarantee for every assignment. He might work for only a few days on a picture, but still be paid for the two weeks. This allowed him to accept multiple jobs weekly, and with the extra pay he soon became a seasoned investor.
During World War II, he appeared as emcee with USO troops entertaining G.I.s. His unit appeared at Fort MacArthur in September 1944. Lane also announced for the Jalopy Derby and Destruction Derby at Ascot Park, Gardena, California.
Lane appeared in character roles in over 150 films between 1937 and 1951. He was so firmly established as a rapid-fire sharpie that Columbia Pictures producer Jules White co-starred him with "nervous" comedian Gus Schilling for a series of two-reel slapstick comedies. Schilling and Lane were a popular team at Columbia, second only to The Three Stooges. The series ran from 1945 to 1950.
Lane's only starring roles were in the Schilling and Lane shorts and a single feature film, "Devil Ship" (1948), in which he played tough ship's captain "Biff Brown."
Work with KTLA.
Because he had been working for Paramount Pictures, Lane was able to obtain work at experimental TV station KTLA, which was owned by the studio at the time. When the station went commercial in 1947, Lane appeared before the camera as a news presenter. One of the early highlights of his career was reporting on the first atomic explosion covered by a television newscast.
When KTLA agreed to broadcast wrestling matches from the Olympic Auditorium in 1946, Lane was assigned to comment on the action. He started announcing (as Dick Lane) for Roller Derby in 1951, and for Roller Games for 15 years starting in 1961. Because Lane was part of the Hollywood establishment, he gave Roller Games a stamp of approval. Announcing games for the L.A. Thunderbirds at trackside, with cigarette dangling, Lane's oversized personality became closely associated with the sport. For pro wrestling, his broadcasts featured such personalities as Gorgeous George, Mr. Moto and Doc Grable. Contrary to popular opinion, it was Lane and, not former ABC sports announcer Keith Jackson, who coined the exclamatory expression "Whoa, Nellie!" when something "bad" happened in the ring or on the track.
In the late 1940s, Lane became a character actor in westerns and outdoor adventures; this won him the role of "Leather Britches" on KTLA's Spade Cooley show.
As movie production wound down after World War II, Lane devoted more of his time to television, particularly his wrestling shows. He spoke with great enthusiasm, improvising exotic names for the various wrestling holds, like "the Boston land-crab." When one wrestler pretended to bite the ear of his opponent, Lane would cry, "Meat on the table!" Another call familiar to viewers was "Wow, what action!" which invariably preceded a commercial break.
Later years.
After Lane retired from television full-time in 1972, he accepted few offers for screen work; in later years he was typecast as a sports announcer. He did make a notable cameo appearance (as a roller-derby commentator) in Raquel Welch's film "Kansas City Bomber". In 1974 he moved to a home in the Deep Well neighborhood of Palm Springs, California.
Lane was among the initial honorees on the Walk of Fame with his official ceremony date being listed as taking place on February 8, 1960. Lanes's Hollywood Walk of Fame star in on the north side of the 6300 block of Hollywood Boulevard.
Lane died in Newport Beach, California on September 5, 1982. In 1996, he was posthumously inducted into the Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame. In 2008, Lane was inducted into the 'Announcers Wing' of the Roller Derby Hall of Fame.


UBA Pro Basketball League

The United Basketball Alliance (UBA) is the first men’s professional basketball league in India; comprising eight teams. It is the premier men’s professional basketball league in India. UBA is headquartered in Pune and has a city team, Pune Peshwas. The first UBA match was played on 17 July 2015 at Gachibowli Indoor Stadium, Hyderabad between Bengaluru Beast and Pune Peshwas. The match was won by Pune Peshwas as they pulled out an 88-81 win. This marked the first time a professional basketball league tipped off in India.
Teams.
UBA currently comprises eight teams, which compete across two divisions with Mumbai Challengers, Delhi Capitals, Punjab Steelers and Haryana Gold comprising the North Division and Chennai Slam, Pune Peshwas, Bengaluru Beast and Hyderabad Sky making up the South Division.
Seasons.
Season 1.
UBA Season 1 was held during 17–30 July 2015 at Gachibowli Indoor Stadium, Hyderabad, Telangana. Chennai Slam won the UBA Championship in Season 1. Ravi Bhardwaj (Punjab Steelers) was the MVP of UBA Season 1, averaging 20.3 points per game.
Each team played six games in the regular season. After the regular season, the team leading their division faced the runners-up from the other division for the semi-finals.
Season 2.
UBA Season 2 was held in two legs. The first leg was during 18–28 February 2016 in Balewadi Stadium, Pune, Maharashtra. The second leg was held from 23 March to 3 April 2016 at Gachibowli Indoor Stadium, Hyderabad, Telangana. Delhi Capitals bested Chennai Slam in a 3-game finals series in the finals to claim the title of UBA Season 2 Champions. Vinay Kaushik (Delhi Capitals) was awarded MVP honors, averaging 18.7 points per game.
Each team played seven games in the regular season. Five games were played in the first leg in Pune. Hyderabad leg saw the teams play two regular season games in addition to the postseason. Season 2 postseason included a play-in game for each division to determine semi-finalists between the 2nd and 3rd place team. The semifinals and finals were best-of-three series.
South Division.
(* won tiebreak for 1st place)

Season 3.
UBA Season 3 was held in Balewadi Stadium, Pune, Maharashtra from 15 to 31 July 2016. The Season 3 Championship was won by Chennai Slam after they defeated Punjab Steelers in three games. Narender Grewal (Pune Peshwas) won MVP honors, averaging 31.8 points per game. Each team played 4 games each in the regular season, including cross-division matches. The postseason saw a play-in game for each division and best of three semifinals and finals series.
South Division.
(**- won tiebreak for 1st place)

Season 4.
UBA Season 4 was held in two legs, with the first leg being held at Sathyabama University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu and the second leg (Championship Series) at Dr Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Indoor Stadium, Goa. Season 4 Championship was won by Mumbai Challengers as they bested Bengaluru Beast in two games in the best of three finals series. Vishesh Bhriguvanshi (Bengaluru Beast) won Indian MVP honors, averaging 28.3 points per game and Dermaine Crockrell (Punjab Steelers) won International MVP honors, with a league-leading 41.2 points per game. The postseason saw a play-in game for each division and a best of three semifinals and finals series. The teams played six games each in the regular season within their division. The postseason saw a play-in game for each division and best of three semifinals and finals series.
Playoffs.
Season 1.
UBA Season 1 semifinals involved Pune Peshwas, Haryana Gold, Chennai Slam and Punjab Steelers entering the semifinals. Haryana Gold (1st place in North Division) faced Pune Peshwas (2nd place in South Division after winning the tiebreaker with Bengaluru Beast). Chennai Slam (1st place in South Division) faced Punjab Steelers (2nd place in North Division) for the other semifinals. Pune Peshwas defeated Haryana Gold (81-80) and Chennai Slam overcame Punjab Steelers (92-77). In the one game Final, Chennai Slam defeated Pune Peshwas 81-49. This marked the first and only time that two teams from the same division faced each other in the finals.
Season 2.
UBA Season 2 playoffs saw the division leaders Delhi Capitals (North) and Chennai Slam (South) book their places in the semifinals series. In the North Division, Mumbai Challengers eliminated Punjab Steelers (78-76) in a knockout play-in game for a semifinals berth against Delhi Capitals. South Division play-in game saw Pune Peshwas edge out Bengaluru Beast (79-73) for a semifinals matchup with Chennai Slam.
The semifinals and finals series were best of three contests each. North Division semifinals saw Delhi Capitals drop their first game (75-69) to Mumbai Challengers but they rallied and won the next two matches (72-61 and 78-69) to go through to the finals series. In the South Division, Chennai Slam won the opening match vs Pune Peshwas (88-72), dropped the next one (73-71) before decisively pulling away with a win in the third match (97-76) to set up a date with Delhi Capitals in the finals series.
The finals series saw Chennai Slam take a 1-0 lead over Delhi Capitals with a 77-62 win. Delhi Capitals once again rallied and won the next two games (77-67 and 92-65) to win their first UBA Championship.
Season 3.
UBA Season 3 saw Punjab Steelers (North) and Chennai Slam (South) finish at the top of the table in the regular season to book semifinals berths. The other two semifinals berths went to Haryana Gold and Pune Peshwas. Haryana Gold won the North Division play-in game against Mumbai Challengers (97-91), while Pune Peshwas defeated Hyderabad Sky (101-94) in the South Division play-in game to book semifinals berths.
The semifinals and finals were played in a best of three formats. In the North Division semifinals series, Punjab Steelers mounted a 14-point comeback in the first game and defeated Haryana Gold (98-91). They won their next game (106-97) to make it to the finals series. In the South Division semifinals series, Chennai Slam defeated Pune Peshwas in two games (98-91 and 97-79) to face Punjab Steelers in finals. The finals series went the distance to three games, with Chennai Slam winning the first match (101-83) after overcoming an 11-point deficit. Punjab Steelers took the second game (83-81), but Chennai Slam took the crown with a (69-59) win in the third and decisive game to win their second UBA Championship.
Season 4.
UBA Season 4 had Mumbai Challengers (North) and Pune Peshwas (South) finish at the top of the table in the regular season, earning them semifinals berths. Punjab Steelers and Bengaluru Beast won the other two semifinals berths. Punjab Steelers toppled Delhi Capitals (102-92) in the North Division play-in game, and Bengaluru Beast defeated Hyderabad Sky (116-113) in the South Division play-in game to set up the semifinals showdown.
In the semifinals series, Mumbai Challengers defeated Punjab Steelers in two games (128-114 and 120-104), while Bengaluru Beast put Pune Peshwas away in two games as well (138-133 and 113-107). Mumbai Challengers needed just two games to come out on top of Bengaluru Beast (winning 110-95 and 118-105) as they won their first UBA Championship.
UBA U.S. Pro Training Camps.
UBA has conducted three UBA U.S. Pro Training Camps thus far. The camps are held in Phoenix, Arizona. The camps are designed to expose the best players in India to world class training, facilities, and competition. They undergo intense training sessions including four hours of basketball training and two hours of strength and conditioning training every day. The players also got an opportunity to engage in team building activities and fun excursions. The goal of the cap was to inculcate habits in the players which they carry back with them and imbibe in their daily routines to elevate their game higher.
Speaking about the UBA U.S. Pro Training Camp, UBA CEO Tommy Fisher had said "I think the most important thing is pushing the boys of India to a higher level of competition than they’ve probably been able to achieve. The one thing that we have that I see is there’s heart and there’s effort and these players of India want to become better. They listen when the coaches talk to them. They want to become better basketball players. And so, we’re starting at something that’s pure that hopefully, we can make great."
The exercise drills have been specially designed by Keith Wilson, Head Performance Coach at Pro Advantage Systems in Phoenix. He’s designed the exercises with the express intent to improve the attributes of the players and condition them for improved performance on the basketball court. He had said, "I like to teach as I train so I want to educate them. Everything I do with someone I have a reason for it. So, every athlete I work with, I don’t just arbitrarily throw something in their program. I can explain everything and that’s what I’ve tried to do during this training process so they can understand what I’m trying to accomplish with them."
The first UBA U.S. Pro Training camp was held in November 2015. The following players were selected to participate in the 1st camp: Ajinkya Mehta (Pune Peshwas), Gurvinder singh Gill (Punjab Steelers), Jagdeep Bains (Mumbai Challengers), Kaif Zia (Bengaluru Beast), Ram Kumar (Chennai Slam), Ravi Bhardwaj (Punjab Steelers), Taj Sandhu (Punjab Steelers), Vijay (Pune Peshwas), Yudhvir (Delhi Capitals)
The second UBA U.S. Pro Training Camp was held in December 2016. It was attended by Akashdeep Hazra (Haryana Gold), Dildar Brar (Mumbai Challengers),
Gurvinder Singh "Garry" Gill (Punjab Steelers), Gaurav Ohlan (Pune Peshwas), Himanshu Sharma (Haryana Gold), Jairam Jat (Chennai Slam), Mahesh Padmanabhan (Hyderabad Sky), Ajinkya Mane (Pune Peshwas), Manu Thomas (Hyderabad Sky), Nikhil (Mumbai Challengers), Prudhvi Reddy (Mumbai Challengers), Siddhant Shinde (Pune Peshwas), Taj Sandhu (Punjab Steelers), Vikas Mor (Haryana Gold). The players also had an opportunity to attend an NBA game between Phoenix Suns and New York Knicks.
The 3rd UBA U.S. Pro Training Camp was held in December 2017. It was attended by Satnam Singh (1st Indian drafted in NBA), Garry Gill (Punjab Steelers), Jagdeep Bains (Mumbai Challengers), Khushmeet Singh Atwal (Bengaluru Beast), Loveneet Singh Atwal (Bengaluru Beast), Ajinkya Mane (Pune Peshwas), Narender Grewal (Pune Peshwas), Nikhil Dahiya (Mumbai Challengers), Palpreet Brar (Bengaluru Beast), Prudhvi Reddy (Mumbai Challengers), Siddhant Shinde (Pune Peshwas) and Yadwinder Singh (Haryana Gold). In addition to these 12 players, the camp was attended by Indian origin players from abroad along with players from USA and Canada.
Ownership and Management.
Tommy Fisher- CEO and Chairman

Todd Mack- Managing Director

Michael Yanke- CMO

A.C. Green- Director of Sport

Paul Crane- VP, Broadcasting

Stephen Graham- Executive Producer

Nandu Mehta- Director

Jody Basye- Director of Coaching

Jon Kimberlin- League Assistant Coach


Oscar Westover

Oscar M. Westover (July 23, 1883 – September 21, 1938) was a major general and fourth chief of the United States Army Air Corps.
Early life and career.
Westover was born in Bay City, Michigan, and enlisted in the United States Army when he was 18. He began his service as a private in 1901 before being appointed to the United States Military Academy at West Point. He graduated from there in 1906, ranked 43rd in his class, and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 14th Infantry. Westover was promoted to first lieutenant on April 13, 1911; to captain on July 1, 1916; and brevetted to major on October 20, 1917.
Air Service and Air Corps.
In 1919, Lieutenant Colonel Westover was detailed to the United States Army Air Service to serve as Assistant Executive Officer for Director Major General Charles Menoher, where he butted heads with Billy Mitchell over subordination to authority, and on July 1, 1920, transferred permanently to the new Air Service branch with the rank of major. Westover served as Assistant Executive and Executive in the Office of the Chief of the Air Service (OCAS), from November 1918 to November 1920. He was appointed director of aircraft production in April 1921, serving until December 1922.
Westover attended the Air Service Balloon School in 1921, and the Air Service Airship School in 1922. He continued on to heavier-than-air flight training, completing the Air Service Primary Flying School at Brooks Field and the Advanced Flying School at Kelly Field in 1923 at the age of forty. As a result of these courses, Westover was awarded aeronautical ratings as a balloon observer, airship pilot, airplane pilot, and airplane observer, at that time every rating authorized by the Air Service.
From 1924 to 1926 he was assigned as commanding officer of Langley Field, Virginia, who was also the commandant of the Air Service Tactical School (which became the Air Corps Tactical School in 1926). He then completed the ACTS course himself in 1927. On January 13, 1930 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and on December 22, 1931 appointed assistant to the chief of the Air Corps with temporary promotion to brigadier general. In 1932 he attended the Command and General Staff College and remained there for a stint as an instructor. On December 22, 1935, he succeeded Benjamin Foulois as Chief of the Air Corps with the accompanying promotion to major general.
The Army had in 1935 had activated an operational air formation called "General Headquarters Air Force" containing 3 of 5 existing combat wings, 9 of 15 existing combat groups, and 30 of 60 existing combat squadrons. This was not the General Headquarters of the Air Force, but was rather the Air Force of the then constituted, but not activated, General Headquarters—the planned command element for a theater of operation on mobilization in war. GHQ Air Force, activated with about 8000 soldiers was considered the equivalent of an infantry or cavalry division and was accordingly commanded by a major general. The wing commanders in GHQ Air Force went from lieutenant colonels or majors to brigadier generals or colonels at this time and corresponded with infantry or cavalry brigade commanders. The Chief of Air Corps was a branch head on par with the chiefs of Infantry, Cavalry, Field Artillery, Coast Artillery, the Corps of Engineers, the Quartermaster Corps, the Ordnance Corps, the Medical Department, the Signal Corps, Military Intelligence, and others who were tasked with manning, training, and equipping specific combat and service units as decided upon by the Army's General Staff and that had been provided to an operational commander of which there were 14 at the time—9 corps areas in the Continental United States (which in 1921 had replaced the Department as the basic command level in the Army since the War of 1812) and 4 overseas departments (Philippines, Hawaii, Canal Zone, and Puerto Rico). None of the branch chiefs had operational control of units dedicated to the combat organizations of the Army. What units they did command were what was needed to train personnel. The relationship between the Chief of the Air Corps and Commanding General of GHQ Air Force was analogous to the Chief of Cavalry and Commanding General of 1st Cavalry Division. The one manned, trained, and equipped specific units as assigned by the War Department General Staff and which were in operational formations and the other employed the aggregate formation and trained it into a warfighting formation. Both the Chief of Air Corps and the Commanding General of GHQ Air Force reported to the Army Chief of Staff, albeit through different General Staff reporting channels.
GHQ Air Force was commanded by Major General Frank M. Andrews, a classmate of Westover's who had finished one place higher in class standings. Aviation advocates looking to the Royal Air Force and its independent status from the British Army and the Royal Navy, saw this "dual authority" within aviation as the primary cause many problems in unity of command, particularly since Andrews was outspoken in his advocacy of independence for the Air Corps from the Army. He and Westover clashed often over philosophical differences on this issue, Westover believed that being integrated with the rest of the Army was the priority, as had Westover with Billy Mitchell.
Death.
Westover died, aged 55, in a plane crash on September 21, 1938. The Northrop A-17AS he flew, a single-engined attack aircraft used as a high-speed staff transport, had a reputation for stalling, and only a year before Colonel William McChord had been killed in the crash of one. Westover's aircraft, AC serial "36-349", experienced a high-speed stall and crashed in a crosswind short of the runway at Lockheed Aircraft's air field in Burbank, California, now known as Bob Hope Airport. The plane crashed in the front yard of a house at 1007 Scott Road in Burbank. No one on the ground was killed, but two homes were damaged by the ensuing flames. His passenger, crew chief S/Sgt Samuel Hymes, also died.
Westover was succeeded by the Assistant Chief of Air Corps, Brigadier General Henry H. Arnold on September 29.
Oscar Westover is buried in Arlington National Cemetery. Westover Joint Air Reserve Base in Chicopee, Massachusetts, formerly Westover Air Force Base and the headquarters of the Eighth Air Force, and now the largest reserve base in the Air Force as home to the 439th Airlift Wing, is named in his honor.


Sweeney Field

Sweeney Field (previously called Finnesey Field) is a multi-use sports facility on the Saint Joseph's University campus in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, which opened in 1929 and was originally planned to be the centerpiece to a 70,000 seat football stadium in the natural bowl of the campus.
In 1960, both the original grandstand and hillside seating were eliminated for the construction of Villiger (now Post) Building/Bluett Theater. That construction necessitated raising the field's level some five feet above its earlier location. In 1990, the facility's usage was greatly expanded with the installation of artificial turf. That expansion continued in 1994 when lights were added. During the summer of 2001, the Field received a facelift when new turf was installed. More recently, bleachers were built into the hill closest to Barbelin Hall and on either end of the field.
During the summer of 2008, the field was resurfaced with a FIFA approved surface called TigerTurf, and the track was completely resurfaced. The field will play host to men's and women's soccer and men's and women's lacrosse. The women's field hockey team played its last season on Finnesey Field in 2007. They open on a new playing surface on the Maguire Campus in 2009.
In 2014, the field was home field for the Philadelphia Spinners of Major League Ultimate for two games. Both games resulted in wins over the Boston Whitecaps. They were two of the highest attended games for the Spinners that season.
2015 boasted a new scoreboard for the field; with added information such as player number and foul counter. The new scoreboard is located to the left of the original one.
Overall, the site has seen 1,053 games entering the 2008–09 academic year, and SJU teams put together a total record of 493-518-42 in 79 years.


Julie Morrison (curler)

Julie Morrison (born Julie Hepburn 21 May 1968) is a former Scottish junior and Hong Kong women's curler. As a junior she won a bronze medal at the 1989 World Junior Curling Championships.


2. Bundesliga

The 2. Bundesliga ("Zweite Bundesliga", ) is the second division of professional football in Germany. It was implemented 11 years after the founding of the Fußball-Bundesliga as the new second division for professional football. The 2. Bundesliga is ranked below the Bundesliga and above the 3. Liga in the German football league system. All of the 2. Bundesliga clubs qualify for the DFB-Pokal, the annual German Cup competition. A total of 127 clubs have competed in the 2. Bundesliga since its foundation.
The decision to establish the league as the second level of football in West Germany was made in May 1973. The league started operating in August 1974, then with two divisions of 20 clubs. It was reduced to a single division in 1981. From the 1991–92 season onwards clubs from former East Germany started participating in the league, briefly expanding it to two divisions again. It returned to a single division format again at the end of that season and has had 18 clubs as its strength since 1994. Two clubs from the 2. Bundesliga are directly promoted to the Bundesliga, while a third promoted club is determined through play-offs, from 1974 to 1991 and again since 2008. Between 1991 and 2008 the third-placed club in the league was directly promoted. The bottom clubs in the league are relegated to the third division; from 1974 to 1994 the Oberliga, from 1994 to 2008 the Regionalliga and since 2008 the 3. Liga. The number of relegated clubs has fluctuated over the years. Since 2008 two clubs are directly relegated while the third-last team has the opportunity to defend its league place in play-offs against the third placed team of the 3. Liga.
1. FC Nürnberg, SC Freiburg, 1. FC Köln and Arminia Bielefeld hold the record number of championships in the league with four each. Bielefeld also holds the record for number of promotions from the 2. Bundesliga to the Bundesliga, with eight.
For the 2018–19 season, an average of 19,128 spectators watched 2. Bundesliga matches, making the 2. Bundesliga the world's second most-watched secondary football league, after the EFL Championship in England.
History.
Background.
With the implementation of the Bundesliga in 1963, five Regionalligen were also started as the 2nd highest playing level, South, Southwest, West, North and Berlin. The two top ranking teams from each Regionalliga at the end of a season were placed into groups to play against the relegation teams from the Bundesliga. With the transition from the former Oberliga to the newly created Bundesliga and Regionalliga, however, it became clear that the substructure of the Bundesliga was both sportingly and economically problematic and that relegation from the Bundesliga could easily ruin a club economically.
This situation was partly responsible for the Bundesliga scandal in 1971, in which, due to manipulations in point games in the relegation battle, Rot-Weiß Oberhausen and Arminia Bielefeld managed to remain in the Bundesliga. As a consequence of the scandal, the DFB-Bundestag in Frankfurt decided on 30 June 1973 to introduce a 2. Bundesliga, divided into a north and a south season, for the 1974/75 season, which should close the gap between professional and amateur areas.
According to an elaborate point system, the clubs should be able to qualify for the new divisions. Not only the placements of the previous five seasons were decisive, but also economic and structural requirements. There was also a five-year evaluation, with the first two years being single, the next two years double and the last year triple. In the event of a tie, the last year should apply.
With this regulation, however, the DFB had overlooked that the ten regional leagues participating in the annual promotion round to the Bundesliga had not qualified for the new 2. Bundesliga from the outset due to their placement in the 1973/74 season. In the case of 1. FC Saarbrücken, this meant that the club was accepted into the 2 Bundesliga South after failing in the promotion round and took the place of SV Alsenborn, which also came from the Regionalliga Südwest. SV Alsenborn, a "village club" sponsored by Fritz Walter, had failed three times in the Bundesliga promotion round in 1968, 1969 and 1970 and had clearly qualified for the new division. The DFB found that there were no conditions suitable for the second division in Alsenborn and that they could not be achieved in the foreseeable future and downgraded SV Alsenborn to the then third-class amateur league Southwest, although the club had a successful participation in one of the three rounds of promotion to the Bundesliga Special permission would have been allowed to play even in the top division (of course not in Alsenborn, but in Kaiserslautern or Ludwigshafen).
Formation.
The decision to establish the 2. Bundesliga as a fully professional league below the Bundesliga was made at the annual convention of the German Football Association, the "DFB", in Frankfurt on 30 June 1973. The league replaced the five Regionalligas that were at this level from 1963 to 1974. Each Regionalliga had a set quota of clubs that could qualify for the new league with the Regionalliga Süd receiving thirteen spots, the Regionalliga West twelve, the Regionalliga Nord and Regionalliga Südwest seven and the Regionalliga Berlin one. The qualified teams were established through a ranking that took the last five seasons of the Regionalliga into account.
The new 2. Bundesliga was split into a northern and a southern division with 20 clubs each. Each division had its champion directly promoted to the Bundesliga while the two runners-up would contest a two-leg play-off to determine the third promoted team. The bottom four clubs in each league were relegated, however, as the number of clubs relegated from the Bundesliga to each division could vary, so could the number of clubs in the league and therefore the number of teams relegated.
2. Bundesliga North and South 1974 to 1981.
The first-ever game of the league was played on Friday, 2 August 1974 between 1. FC Saarbrücken and Darmstadt 98 and ended in a 1–0 win for Saarbrücken, with Nikolaus Semlitsch scoring the first-ever goal of the new league in the 18th minute of the game. The inaugural champions of the league were Hannover 96 in the north and Karlsruher SC in the south, both former Bundesliga clubs. The play-offs for the third Bundesliga spot were contested by FK Pirmasens and Bayer Uerdingen, with Uerdingen winning 6–0 at home after a four-all draw in the first leg. The three promoted teams however proved uncompetitive in the Bundesliga with Hannover and Uerdingen being relegated straight away again while Karlsruhe lasted for only two seasons.
The second season saw league championships for Tennis Borussia Berlin and 1. FC Saarbrücken, with Tennis Borussia lasting for only one season and "1. FCS" for two. The contest for the third promotion spot pitted two far bigger names of German football against each other, with Borussia Dortmund edging out 1. FC Nürnberg with two wins, ending Dortmund's four-year second division spell. The last round of the season in the south also saw an all-time goal scoring record per round when 55 goals were scored in ten games. The northern division incidentally set the second best mark when it scored 51 goals the day before.
In 1976–77 the league champions were FC St. Pauli and VfB Stuttgart while the third promotion spot went to 1860 Munich, having had to play a third game after Arminia Bielefeld and TSV 1860 each won their home games 4–0, with the decider ending 2–0 in favour of the southern team. Ottmar Hitzfeld set an all-time 2. Bundesliga record in May 1977 when he scored 6 goals in a league match for VfB Stuttgart against Jahn Regensburg. Bielefeld won promotion as the champions of the northern division in the following season, as did southern champion SV Darmstadt 98, entering the Bundesliga for the first time in its history. Third place went to 1. FC Nürnberg who overcame Rot-Weiss Essen with a 1–0 home win and a two–all draw away. For Nürnberg it ended a nine-year absence from the Bundesliga. Horst Hrubesch set an all-time record that season for goals in one season, 41 scored for Rot-Weiss Essen.
In 1978–79 direct promotion went to 1860 Munich and Bayer Leverkusen while the play-off was won, once more, by Bayer Uerdingen, which defeated SpVgg Bayreuth 2–1 at home after a draw away. In the north, two clubs were relegated from the league for financial reasons, Westfalia Herne, which had finished fifth and former Bundesliga side FC St. Pauli, which had come sixth. The following seasons saw 1. FC Nürnberg and Arminia Bielefeld clinch another promotion from the 2. Bundesliga, as did Karlsuher SC which overcame Rot-Weiss Essen by winning 5–1 at home after losing 3–1 away. Arminia Bielefeld set an all-time 2. Bundesliga record when it defeated Arminia Hannover 11–0 in May 1980, the biggest-ever win in the league.
The 1980–81 season, the seventh of the league, was also its last in this format. From 1981 it played as a single division of 20 teams after a decision taken on 7 June 1980, when, at a special convention of the "DFB", the introduction of the single division 2. Bundesliga was decided upon with a majority of 84 votes to 77. The northern division was unusually strong that season, having received all three relegated teams of the 1979–80 Bundesliga season, SV Werder Bremen, Eintracht Braunschweig and Hertha BSC, and playing with 22 teams. Bremen won the league while Braunschweig came second. Hertha missed out despite scoring 123 goals. In the south, the league was won by SV Darmstadt 98 for a second time while runners-up Kickers Offenbach lost out to Braunschweig in the play-offs. The reduction of the league to a single division meant 22 teams were relegated while no team was promoted to the 2. Bundesliga that season.
Single division era 1981 to 1991.
The new single division league of 20 teams saw only a small change in modus. The top two in the league were promoted while the third placed team played the sixteenth placed Bundesliga side in a home-and-away play-off for one more spot in the Bundesliga. The bottom four in the league were relegated. The inaugural season saw FC Schalke 04 compete in the 2. Bundesliga for the first time, and win it. Second place went to Hertha BSC while third placed Kickers Offenbach missed out on promotion after losing both play-off games to Bayer Leverkusen. Fourth place went to 1860 Munich, one point behind Offenbach, but the club found itself relegated after the "DFB" refused it a license for the following season. This decision kept 17th placed SG Wattenscheid 09, the best-placed team on a relegation rank, in the league. The following season finally saw Kickers Offenbach win promotion from the 2. Bundesliga, behind champions SV Waldhof Mannheim who had never played in the Bundesliga before. Bayer Uerdingen, in third place, won promotion through the play-offs for a third time, this time overcoming the previous seasons 2. Bundesliga champions FC Schalke 04.
Schalke bounced back immediately, coming second behind Karlsruher SC in 1983–84. Third place went to MSV Duisburg wo were decisively beaten 0–5 by Bundesliga side Eintracht Frankfurt at home. At the other end, Rot-Weiss Essen, after having failed to win promotion to the Bundesliga through the play-offs twice from the 2. Bundesliga, was relegated to amateur football that season. 1. FC Nürnberg took out the championship of the single division 2. Bundesliga for the first time in 1985, with Hannover 96 coming second. Third placed 1. FC Saarbrücken also won promotion courtesy to a 2–0 home win over Arminia Bielefeld after a draw away. Kickers Offenbach, freshly relegated from the Bundesliga came only 19th in the 2. Bundesliga, suffered another relegation, as did another former Bundesliga side, FC St. Pauli, having returned to the league for the first time after having had its license revoked in 1979.
In 1985–86, three clubs from Berlin competed in the league, but none the following season, with Blau-Weiß 90 Berlin achieving its one and only promotion to the Bundesliga while Hertha BSC and Tennis Borussia were relegated to amateur football. The league champions were FC 08 Homburg, also promoted to the Bundesliga for the first time. Arguably one of the most famous play-off contests in 2. Bundesliga history however were the games between third placed Fortuna Köln and Borussia Dortmund. Köln won 2–0 at home, followed by a 3–1 for Dortmund, making a third game necessary as the away goal rule did not apply to the Bundesliga versus 2. Bundesliga play-offs at the time. This third game was won 8–0 by Borussia Dortmund in front of 50,000 in neutral Düsseldorf. In the relegation zone MSV Duisburg followed the two Berlin clubs into amateur football as a third former Bundesliga side that season.
Hannover 96 and Karlsruher SC won promotion once more in 1987 while third placed FC St. Pauli, freshly promoted from amateur football again, missed out by a goal in the play-offs against FC Homburg. At the bottom end Eintracht Braunschweig became another former Bundesliga side and champion to drop into the third division. FC St. Pauli ended a ten-year wait for Bundesliga return in 1988 when it finished runners-up to Stuttgarter Kickers who were promoted to the Bundesliga for the first time. Third placed SV Darmstadt 98 missed out on penalties in the deciding third game against SV Waldhof Mannheim after each side had won their home game by a goal. Arminia Bielefeld came a distant last and was relegated while 17th placed SpVgg Bayreuth was rescued when Rot-Weiß Oberhausen was refused a license.
Fortuna Düsseldorf won the league championship in 1988–89, with two clubs from the Saarland coming second and third, FC Homburg and 1. FC Saarbrücken. Saarbrücken however was unable to overcome Eintracht Frankfurt in the later club's second successful play-off defence of its Bundesliga place. SpVgg Bayreuth finished 17th again but was again spared from relegation when Kickers Offenbach was refused a license. Also relegated were Union Solingen after 14 consecutive seasons in the league. At the end of the season Spanish-born Joaquín Montañés retired from 2. Bundesliga football after 479 games for Alemannia Aachen in the league from 1974 to 1989, a record for any player with a single club in the league. In 1990 Hertha BSC completed its return from amateur football to the Bundesliga with a 2. Bundesliga title, followed up by SG Wattenscheid 09, who entered the Bundesliga for the first time. 1. FC Saarbrücken failed in the play-offs for a second consecutive time when it missed out to VfL Bochum, thereby ensuring a Bochum derby in the Bundesliga between VfL and Wattenscheid for the following season. In the relegation zone SpVgg Bayreuth failed to get reprieved for a third consecutive season and dropped into amateur football, as did Alemannia Aachen, a founding member of the 2. Bundesliga who had played all 16 seasons of the league until then.
The tenth season of the single division 2. Bundesliga was to be the last in its current format for a time as the German reunification in 1991 lead to changes to the league after this season. With FC Schalke 04 and MSV Duisburg two long-term Bundesliga teams finished at the top of the league. In third place Stuttgarter Kickers had to play FC St. Pauli three times to earn promotion, the first two contests having ended 1–1 while Stuttgart won the third 3–1. FC Schweinfurt 05 in last place became one of the worst clubs in the league history when it only won two games all season. Rot-Weiss Essen had its license revoked which allowed SV Darmstadt 98 to avoid relegation.
German reunification 1991–92.
In the 1991–92 season, the league was expanded to 24 teams in two regional divisions, north and south, to accommodate six new East German clubs which joined the league that season. The East German clubs were spread very unevenly, with one going to the north and five to the south, caused by the geographic location of those clubs. Only the league champions were promoted to the Bundesliga that year, which were Bayer Uerdingen in the north and 1. FC Saarbrücken in the south. The bottom three in each division were relegated, three of which were from former East Germany. The other two were former Bundesliga clubs, Blau-Weiß 90 Berlin and 1860 Munich, with the later having played its first season back in the 2. Bundesliga after their license was revoked in 1982. At the end of this season the league returned to the single division format, but with still 24 clubs as its strength.
Single division era 1992 to present.
The 1992–93 season was a momentous one, with 24 teams competing in a single league and each club playing 46 games. Three clubs were promoted directly, as would be the case from then on until 2008, with the play-offs having been abolished. SC Freiburg won the league and promotion for the first time. Behind it, MSV Duisburg made a return to the Bundesliga while third placed VfB Leipzig became the first former East German club to earn promotion from the 2. Bundesliga. Seven clubs were relegated from the league to reduce its strength to 20 clubs again from the following season. Of those Eintracht Braunschweig, Fortuna Düsseldorf and SV Darmstadt 98 were former Bundesliga sides. The following season saw changes again as it was the last with 20 clubs. Promoted were VfL Bochum, Bayer Uerdingen and 1860 Munich, which had just won promotion from the third division the year before and returned to the Bundesliga for the first time since 1981. At the bottom end, five clubs were relegated, four of those former Bundesliga sides and the fifth one, Carl Zeiss Jena, from former East Germany.
The league level below the 2. Bundesliga was changed profoundly in 1994 with the Oberligas replaced by the new Regionalligas, which allowed for direct promotion to the 2. Bundesliga for the first time since 1980. The league itself was now reduced to 18 clubs with no play-offs, three promoted and four relegated teams, a system it would maintain until 2008, when the play-offs were re-introduced. Hansa Rostock won the 2. Bundesliga for the first time in 1995 and FC St. Pauli and Fortuna Düsseldorf followed it up to the Bundesliga. In the relegation zone FSV Frankfurt came a distant last with only three wins to its name while the two Saarland sides FC Homburg and 1. FC Saarbrücken accompanied it. The later, despite finishing seventh, had its license revoked, thereby sparing FSV Zwickau from relegation.
The 1995–96 season saw VfL Bochum win the league again with second placed Arminia Bielefeld winning promotion straight after having been promoted from the Regionalliga the year before. Third place went to MSV Duisburg while Hannover 96, 1. FC Nürnberg and SG Wattenscheid 09 were all former Bundesliga clubs now suffering relegation to the third division. The 1. FC Kaiserslautern and Eintracht Frankfurt had suffered their first-ever relegation from the Bundesliga in 1996. The former won the league and bounced back immediately while Frankfurt remained at this level for another season. Kaiseslautern was accompanied up by VfL Wolfsburg, who won promotion for the first time, and Hertha BSC. Kaiserslautern would also become the first and only club to win the Bundesliga as a freshly promoted side the following year. The 1. FC Kaiserslautern and SV Meppen also set a record for number of goals in a game, 13, when Kaiserslautern defeated Meppen 7–6. Eintracht Frankfurt won the league in 1998 with SC Freiburg coming second while 1. FC Nürnberg, freshly returned from the Regionalliga, came third. At the bottom end VfB Leipzig was one of three clubs from the east to be relegated, alongside SV Meppen, which dropped out of the league after eleven consecutive seasons there.
The 1998–99 season saw the 1. FC Köln in the league for the first time, having been relegated from the Bundesliga after 35 consecutive seasons there from the start of the league in 1963. Köln only managed to come tenth, while the league was won by Arminia Bielefeld. Behind Arminia Bielefeld, SpVgg Unterhaching and SSV Ulm 1846 entered the Bundesliga for the very first time. Last place in the league went to Fortuna Düsseldorf, which was accompanied to the Regionalliga by SG Wattenscheid 09, KFC Uerdingen 05, formerly Bayer Uerdingen, and FC Gütersloh. The first season of the new millennium saw the end of an era, with Fortuna Köln being relegated after 26 consecutive seasons in the league since the start in 1974. Local rival 1. FC Köln won the league while VfL Bochum came second and FC Energie Cottbus, in third place, moved up to the Bundesliga for the first time. Fortuna Köln was accompanied to the Regionalliga by Karlsruher SC, Kickers Offenbach and Tennis Borussia Berlin, who had their license revoked.
In 2000–01, the league was won by 1. FC Nürnberg once again, with Borussia Mönchengladbach earning promotion back to the Bundesliga after a two-year absence. FC St. Pauli was the third promoted team. SSV Ulm 1846, freshly relegated from the Bundesliga, finished the season in 16th place and became insolvent. Hannover 96, Arminia Bielefeld and VfL Bochum were the promoted teams in 2002, while the following season saw 1. FC Köln and Eintracht Frankfurt competing and succeeding for promotion again, behind league champions SC Freiburg.
In 2004, 1. FC Nürnberg and Arminia Bielefeld earned another one of their many promotions while third placed 1. FSV Mainz 05 was a newcomer to the Bundesliga. Like in 2003, 2005 saw 1. FC Köln and Eintracht Frankfurt win promotion while between them, in second place, MSV Duisburg moved up, too. At the bottom end three of the four relegated clubs shared similar names, Rot-Weiß Oberhausen, Rot-Weiss Essen and Rot-Weiß Erfurt with the fourth team relegated being Eintracht Trier.
VfL Bochum won the league again in 2006 while FC Energie Cottbus returned to the Bundesliga for a second three-year stint. In second place Alemannia Aachen returned to the Bundesliga for the first time since 1970. Relegated that year were Dynamo Dresden, former East German power house, after a two-year stint in the league. 2006 also saw the retirement of Willi Landgraf from 2. Bundesliga football. Landgraf had played a record 508 2. Bundesliga games from 1986 to 2006, playing in the league for Rot-Weiss Essen, FC 08 Homburg, FC Gütersloh and Alemannia Aachen. Karlsruher SC ended an absence from the Bundesliga that had lasted since 1998 when it won the league in 2007 and was followed up by Hansa Rostock and MSV Duisburg. Freshly relegated Borussia Mönchengladbach won the league the following year, with new Bundesliga club TSG 1899 Hoffenheim second and 1. FC Köln third.
The 2008–09 season saw the return of play-offs. The third placed team in the 2. Bundesliga now played the 16th placed team in the Bundesliga for a spot in that league. At the other end of the table, the 16th placed 2. Bundesliga side would now also play the third placed team in the new 3. Liga, which had replaced the Regionalliga as the third division. SC Freiburg and 1. FSV Mainz 05 were directly promoted that season while 1. FC Nürnberg had to enter the play-offs in which it defeated FC Energie Cottbus 5–0 on aggregate. At the relegation end, VfL Osnabrück lost its 2. Bundesliga place to SC Paderborn from the 3. Liga.
1. FC Kaiserslautern ended a four-year spell in the 2. Bundesliga in 2010 with a league championship, with FC St. Pauli coming second. The FC Augsburg finished third but was unable to overcome 1. FC Nürnberg in the play-offs and lost 3–0 on aggregate. Hansa Rostock, in 16th place, dropped out of the 2. Bundesliga when it lost both play-off games to Ingolstadt 04. Hertha BSC and FC Augsburg were directly promoted to the Bundesliga in 2010, the later for the first time, while VfL Bochum in third place missed out on promotion against Borussia Mönchengladbach. VfL Osnabrück found itself unsuccessfully defending its league place again, losing to Dynamo Dresden in extra time in the second leg.
After 15 consecutive seasons in the 2. Bundesliga a numerous attempts at promotion Greuther Fürth finally won the league in 2012. Eintracht Frankfurt came second and Fortuna Düsseldorf returned to the Bundesliga for the first time since 1997 when it defeated Hertha BSC in the play-offs. Karlsruher SC failed to remain in the 2. Bundesliga when it was relegated on away goal rule after two drawn games against Jahn Regensburg.
Hertha BSC won the 2. Bundesliga for the second time in three seasons in 2012–13 and was accompanied up by Eintracht Braunschweig, who had not played in the Bundesliga since 1985. Third placed 1. FC Kaiserslautern lost both games to 1899 Hoffenheim and thereby failed to get promoted. Dynamo Dresden became the first 2. Bundesliga side in five attempts to hold onto their league place while 3. Liga side VfL Osnabrück missed out in the play-offs for a third time in three attempts. The 2013–14 season ended with 1. FC Köln winning the league, followed up by SC Paderborn who won promotion to the Bundesliga for the first time. Relegated where Energie Cottbus and Dynamo Dresden, both former Bundesliga sides. Third placed SpVgg Greuther Fürth failed to gain promotion after two draws with Bundesliga club Hamburger SV. At the bottom end two eastern clubs were relegated, Dynamo Dresden and Energie Cottbus, while Arminia Bielefeld entered the relegation round.
The 2014–15 season saw Ingolstadt 04 win the league and earn Bundesliga promotion for the first time while SV Darmstadt 98 finished second and returned to the Bundesliga for the first time since 1982. Third placed Karlsruher SC faced Hamburg for another Bundesliga spot while TSV 1860 Munich had to play Holstein Kiel to retain their place in the 2. Bundesliga. Both the Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga clubs retained their league membership. The two clubs directly relegated from the league where Erzgebirge Aue and VfR Aalen. In the 2015–16 the league was won by SC Freiburg, with RB Leipzig finishing runners-up and earning its first-ever Bundesliga promotion, while 1. FC Nürnberg had to enter the promotion play-off where it lost on aggregate to Eintracht Frankfurt. At the bottom end of the table SC Paderborn suffered consecutive relegations, becoming the sixth club to drop from the Bundesliga to the third tier in consecutive seasons. FSV Frankfurt was the second team directly relegated while MSV Duisburg entered the relegation play-off where it was unsuccessful. All the clubs promoted to the 2. Bundesliga had played there before but while Dynamo Dresden and Erzgebirge Aue had only experienced a short absence the third club, Würzburger Kickers, had not played at this level for almost 40 years.
In December 2016, it was announced that for the first time, the 2. Bundesliga would be given its own logo, taking effect at the start of the 2017–18 season. Previously, the 2. Bundesliga had borrowed the Bundesliga logo for promotional and media purposes. The 2. Bundesliga gained its own logo to "strengthen the profile of the competition" and to better identify the league with fans, the media, and sponsors.
After their relegation, the 2018–19 season was Hamburger SV's first season outside of the German top flight in their 55-year history.
All-time table.
The most consistent team in the league, as of 2018–19, is Alemannia Aachen, having won 1,481 points from 1,020 games. In second place sits SpVgg Greuther Fürth, best placed of the current 2. Bundesliga clubs. Fortuna Köln comes third in the all-time table, while last place, number 127, goes to Spandauer SV with just ten points to its name. For the 2018–19 season, two new teams with no previous 2. Bundesliga experience entered the league: Hamburger SV and 1. FC Magdeburg.
Members of the 2. Bundesliga (2020–21 season).
"For details on the 2. Bundesliga 2020–21 season, see here."
League rules.
Since the 2006–07 season there is no longer a limit on non-EU players in the league. Instead clubs are required to have 8 players on the squad who have come up through the youth system of a German club, 4 of which have to come from the club's own youth system. Seven substitutes are permitted to be selected, from which three can be used in the duration of the game.
Promoted and relegated teams.
The list of teams that earned promotion to and from the 2. Bundesliga or were relegated from the league:
Spectators.
The spectator figures since 1992, when the league returned to the single division format:
Top scorers.
The most recent top goal scorers in the league:
Second division in the European Cup.
So far, clubs of the 2. Bundesliga have participated in the European Cup six times:


Julie Donaldson

Julie Anne Donaldson (born February 10, 1978) is an American sportscaster and media producer for the Washington Football Team of the National Football League (NFL). Prior to that, she served as an anchor, host, and reporter for several television networks, and also won the 2001 Miss Florida USA beauty pageant. Donaldson is a graduate of the University of Florida and became the first full-time on-air female member of an NFL broadcasting team upon her hiring by Washington in 2020.
Career.
Donaldson was born in Jacksonville, Florida on February 10, 1978. She won the Miss Florida USA title at the state pageant held in Orlando, Florida in July 2000. She had previously placed first runner-up to Kristin Ludecke in the previous year's pageant. Donaldson competed in the Miss USA 2001 pageant won by Kandace Krueger of Texas, but did not place. In July 2001, she passed on her title to Shannon Ford.
In 2006, Donaldson joined SportsNet New York at the network's inception. She made numerous reports from various sporting events covered by SNY and hosted "Mets Weekly", a weekly program recapping New York Mets games, trades, injuries, and other features. She spent two years working for the network from 2006-2007. Donaldson worked as a TV host for Miami Heat's "Heat TV". Prior to that, Donaldson co-hosted "Sports Rap" on Fox Sports Net Florida. Donaldson also co-hosted "Softball 360" and the PBS series "Healthy Body Healthy Mind".
In February 2008, Donaldson was hired to cover Boston-based sports for NBC affiliate WHDH-TV. She left the job in December 2008, seeking a start in a new market. In June 2010, Donaldson was employed as a freelance reporter for Comcast SportsNet's mid-atlantic network, covering sports stories in the Washington, D.C. area. In September 2010, Donaldson was promoted to anchor after Lisa Hillary left the station for its sister network in Philadelphia. During her decade-long tenure as a reporter, anchor, and host for NBC Sports Washington, Donaldson covered nearly every team, athlete and major sports story in the region, as well as across national and international sporting events. Donaldson also served as host of several NFL shows and contributed regularly to their other football programs and coverage. In addition to her work with NBC Sports, Donaldson also frequently held on-air roles for NBC Olympic broadcasts. She held four Olympic assignments as a news host during the Olympic games in 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018.
In July 2020, Donaldson joined the Washington Football Team to be their senior vice president of media and as one of its gameday radio broadcasters, working alongside play by play announcer Bram Weinstein and analyst DeAngelo Hall. She is the first regular female on-air member of an NFL broadcast team and was named as one of the most powerful and influential women in sports by "Sports Illustrated" in late 2020.
Domestic assault.
In July 2008, Donaldson testified in a Boston Municipal Court hearing that she and two female guests had been assaulted at her apartment on June 27 by her then boyfriend Ivan Lattimore, a professional Slamball player for the Rumble. Lattimore, who was arrested after an incident the previous month and charged with three counts of assault and battery and one count of indecent assault, was ordered to be held without bail until his trial in September, where he plead guilty to the assault charges and was sentenced to serve a year in jail before being sentenced to another year for sending letters to Donaldson after his conviction. Lattimore had a prior criminal record with at least two other domestic violence convictions.
In October 2009, Donaldson spoke out for the first time on her own terms about her own personal experience with domestic abuse. Taking part in both the 15th Annual Barbara Ann Campbell Memorial Breakfast for Hubbard House and the Take Back the Night Walk at the University of North Florida, Donaldson shared her message of hope. Donaldson returned to Ponte Vedra Beach after leaving the Boston news station in November of the previous year. She found refuge in her family and from Hubbard House in Jacksonville. In June 2010, Donaldson relocated to Washington, D.C., to work as an anchor and reporter for Comcast SportsNet's daily half-hour news program "SportsNite". She left Ponte Vedra in June to freelance and was officially offered the position at Comcast in August.


Powersports

Powersports are a subset of the generalized category motorsports. Examples of powersport vehicles are motorcycles, ATVs, snowmobiles and PWCs. One of the defining features of any powersport is the use of an engine, in one form or another. Other defining features of powersport vehicles include the use of handlebars to control movement and the mounting of the rider "on" the machine, exposed to the elements. Powersports have always had a following as spectator sports, and with the introduction of the X-Games, even the most extreme, fringe varieties have become commonly known. Powersports are the most common vehicles in the X-games.


Helen Ma (skater)

Helen Ma (birth name Hui) is a Chinese figure skating coach in Australia. She graduated from Harbin Sports University. She and her husband Andrew Wang moved to Australia in 1996. She previously coached the Chinese national team. They are the parents of Tina Wang.
Her current and former students include Portia Rigby & Francis Rigby, Yang Fang & Gao Chongbo, Zhang Weina & Cao Xianming, Joel Watson, Tina Wang, and
Kristie Kettleton & Trevor Sieders.


Chicago Times-Herald race

The "Chicago Times-Herald" race was the first automobile race held in the United States. Sponsored by the "Chicago Times-Herald", the race was held in Chicago in 1895 among six motorized vehicles: four cars and two motorcycles. It was won by Frank Duryea's Motorized Wagon. The race created considerable publicity for the motocycle, which had been introduced in the United States only two years earlier.
Race.
On July 10, 1895, the "Chicago Times-Herald" announced a race to be held in the city, prizes totaling $5,000 (approximately $ in ). The promotion was an attempt to foster growth of the young auto industry in the United States and to boost newspaper sales. The first automobiles in the nation were produced only two years earlier, and they were so new at the time that the paper's editors could not easily agree upon a name for them. After considerable wrangling, the editors decided to call it a Moto Cycle race, and first used the term in a July 15 article.
The original course of the race was to run from Chicago north to Milwaukee, but the roads were found to be too poor for early cars to easily traverse. The route was changed to be only from Chicago to Evanston and back. The finish line was near what is now the Chicago Museum of Science and Industry (what had been the Palace of Fine Arts at the 1893 Columbian Exposition). The race was intended to be held on November 2, but few cars had shown up, and the race was rescheduled. Eighty-three cars were initially entered into the race, but only six arrived for the actual competition. Many of the entrants did not have their cars completed on time, and several were unable to make the journey. Elwood Haynes' car, which was a favorite to win the race, was damaged en route and unable to compete.
Both Haynes and the driver of a Benz car were stopped by police while driving their cars into the city. They were forced to requisition horses to pull the cars because, as the police informed them, they had no right to drive their vehicles on the city streets. The situation caused the race to again be postponed while the "Chicago Times-Herald" editors convinced the city leaders to pass an ordinance to confirm the right of these vehicles to travel on city streets. Once the ordinance passed, the race was held on November 28, Thanksgiving Day. The day was snowy and 38 °F (4 °C), the roads muddy, with snow drifts in places.
The first car to arrive at the starting line was a German-made car by inventor Karl Benz. In total, three Benz cars ran in the race. The only other four-wheeled car to run in the race was Frank Duryea's motorized wagon. The two other vehicles that took part were two-wheeled automobiles. The "motorcycles" lacked the power to climb one of the course's grades. Another entrant was electric-powered, and its battery died because of the cold weather before getting very far. Just after starting, one Benz struck a horse, and was forced to leave the race. On the return trip from Evanston the Duryea began to take the lead.
The Duryea car finished the race first, completing the race after 7 hours and 53 minutes of running time, 10 hours and 23 minutes total time, having traveled an average of . The Benz entered by Oscar B. Mueller crossed the finish line an hour and a half later. From point 31 of the course to the finish Mueller's car was driven by Charles Brady King because Mueller went unconscious from exposure. King was originally an umpire to the race and of this motorcycle. None of the other vehicles finished.
The race was the first known automobile race in the United States. Newspapers across the country carried stories about the race and many predicted the coming demise of horse-borne transportation, citing the cars' ability to travel even in poor weather. The success of the race sped up the rate of automobile development by at least five years in the United States due to the publicity of the event. The commercial production of American automobiles began only a year later.
The contest rules published prior to the race stated the following prizes were available.
Post-race prizes.
The Fort Worth Gazette stated, "The prizes will be awarded on the showing made in the road race, and in the scientific tests which have been made under the supervision of the best experts in the country." But it was not until December 5, 1895 that the official prize results were announced. The race judges determined that, "All contestants violated the rules of the race. None of the three contestants which finished at Jackson Park kept the course."
"The judges were compelled to make their awards based on the showing in the tests and in the road race. The test took precedence in the rules, but the remarkable run made by Duryea and Mueller compelled substantial recognition. It was deemed fair to make an award of the gold medal based largely on tests, and it therefore, went to Morris-Salom. The other awards were made on road performances and on special points in design." Total prize money awarded was $5,000.
Epilogue.
The Smithsonian Institution states the following regarding the winning Duryea car. "This car was unfortunately destroyed through a workman's misunderstanding many years ago." The second-place car of Hieronymus Mueller is on display in the Mueller Museum in Decatur, Illinois.
In addition to the enormous amount of publicity the race generated, several other automotive developments were related to this race.


Ina Eloise Young

Ina Eloise Young (February 22, 1881, Brownwood, Texas – May, 1947, Arlington, Virginia) is widely regarded to have been the first American woman sports editor when she started working as 'sporting editor' for "The Chronicle-News" of Trinidad, Colorado in 1906. In 1908, she became the first woman to cover the World Series which was then known as the World's Championship Games.
Career.
Although Ina was listed as Society Editor, "Chronicle-News" in the Trinidad, Colorado City Directory of 1907, she also reported on sports, particularly baseball, and was named sporting editor of the paper in 1906. At the time, Trinidad was a thriving mining town and attending a baseball game was a popular pastime for the populace of ~10,000. None of the reporters at "The Chronicle-News" knew very much about baseball or how to keep a box score but Ina was an expert because she had played baseball and learned all about the game from her little brother Robert. Thus, Ina became the paper's baseball reporter and her box scores were judged to be perfect. Alfred Damon Runyon, who himself had been the sporting editor of "The Rocky Mountain News" in Denver, Colorado tried to establish a professional baseball league in Colorado in 1907 by attracting talented amateurs from around the country to play against some of the established teams in the state. Over Labor Day weekend in 1907, an All Star team from Denver consisting of at least two players from Chicago, Illinois, played a three-game series against Trinidad's baseball team.
 1500 people (~15% of the town) attended the final game. In the photograph to the right taken before the final game on Labor Day, it is likely by comparison to known photographs of her that Ina Eloise Young is sitting in the center of the front row, above the white dog, with her mother and father seated on her left. The presence of the horse whip that she always carried also suggests it is Ina in the photograph. Damon Runyon is possibly standing on the far left with the other dignitaries in the front-center of the photograph.
At the 1908 World's Championship Games (World Series), Tim Murnane of the Boston Globe stated the following: "At one game in Detroit I was sandwiched between two celebrated characters. On one side was Battling Nelson, the man of jabs and uppercuts, on the other side was Miss Ina E. Young, representing a Trinidad, Colo. newspaper...Miss Young proved an excellent scorer, was familiar with every inside play and surprised me with the knowledge of the game. The lady was making a tour of the east reporting the important baseball and football games for the enterprising Colorado papers." After the Cub's series victory in 1908, treasurer Tim Murnane of the newly formed Baseball Writers Association nominated Ina as an honorary member. She was approved and gained access to all American and National League ballparks with her membership.
After her time as sporting editor of the "Chronicle-News" in Trinidad, Colorado, Ina worked for the "Fort Worth Record" in Texas and "The Denver Post" in Colorado. She also covered the 1911 World Series.
Life.
Ina Eloise Young was born in Brownwood, Texas on February 22, 1881. Her parents were Louisa and Robert Young. Ina was a middle child with an older sister Zoe (born 1879) and a younger brother Robert Jr. (born 1883). By 1889, the Young family resided in Trinidad, Colorado where Ina grew up riding horses and was frequently pictured holding her riding crop. "I ride horseback, but all western girls do that. In covering events that happen in the mining camps around here a horse is the quickest method of transportation." Ina played basketball and fenced at the University of Colorado at Boulder but despite good grades, left college and began working at the "Chronicle-News" in Trinidad. In 1904, she met her future husband Carleton Kelley, a National Guardsman, while covering a miners strike. After the wedding, they resided in Denver and Ina Kelley worked at "The Denver Post" and was also the official scorer for the Grizzlies, a minor league baseball team. In 1912, they moved to Riverside, CA. The Kelleys had two daughters, Kathleen and Patricia. Ina passed away in early May 1949 at the home of her daughter Patricia in Arlington, Virginia.
In Her Own Words.
Why, you see, it was this way. When I got through college the thing I knew most was sport. I knew baseball because my only brother had taught me that, I knew football, of course, from going to every game played at the University of Colorado while I was there, I knew golf and tennis, and I knew a lot about racing because my father was always keen about that, and I had heard it talked all my life. When five years ago I left college and began newspaper work, they set me to doing society. Well, I did it because there was no way out of it. But when they promoted me to suicides, murders, mine explosions and such things I breathed a silent prayer of thanksgiving. I did most of that strike out there in the mines alone, until the militia came in and the officers were afraid to have me go without an escort. I ride horseback and go everywhere that way. You know how a newspaper is - sometimes the right man is gone and they have to put in the wrong one. Well, out west they think more of women's ability than they do here, I guess. Anyway, they gave me a chance at sport. I love writing it. I have two assistants and we get along beautifully. No suffrage for me, thank you. Men rule the world and I guess they're going to for a while yet. They've been mighty good to me. I know, and if women had my destiny in their keeping I don't fancy I'd have such a good time as I do. I wouldn't change my place with any woman I know. My sister is a society girl-but I'm as happy and independent as a lark. They give me a big salary, six weeks vacation, my expenses paid all over with the ball team, and as courteous, considerate treatment, commend me to the sporting fraternity. Instinctively they know how to treat a woman. I ask no better society than that of sporting men. I've written up pugilists and prize fights, but I've yet to see one. Squeamish about it? Oh, no. I intend to see Battling Nelson at my first opportunity. Pugilists are manly and fine and brave, just like all other sporting men.


Women of Wrestling seasons

Women of Wrestling aka WOW!, is a women's professional wrestling promotion founded in 2000 by David McLane, previously the founder of Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling. It is based in Los Angeles, California, and is owned by McLane and Los Angeles Lakers owner and president Jeanie Buss. The show currently airs on AXS TV, while filming three seasons on AXS, WOW aired six seasons since 2000.
Superheroes (season 1).
WOW Tag Teams (season 1).
The remaining teams were mainly created for WOW's Tag Team Tournament, although some of the teams continued to team with one another until the end of the first season.
List of episodes (season 1).
Below are the results of the matches aired on the WOW TV show and the approximate dates they aired.
Superheroes (seasons 2–4).
WOW Tag Teams (season 2–4).
The original new tag teams. The only tag team that returned to the promotion was Caged Heat.
List of episodes (season 2).
Below are the results of the matches Tape aired on the WOW Website.
List of episodes (season 3).
Below are the results of the matches Tape aired on the WOW Website.
List of episodes (season 4).
Below are the results of the matches Tape aired on the WOW Website. All the matches were taped on September 29, 2016.


Max Birbraer

Maxim Birbraer (; born December 15, 1980) is a Kazakhstan-born Israeli former professional ice hockey forward. Birbraer is Jewish and has played for the Israel national ice hockey team.
Playing career.
Birbraer was born in Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan, where he lived until the age of 14, and is Jewish. His family lived under a non-Jewish sounding surname in those years due to severe local anti-Semitism, and he wasn't told that he was Jewish until his parents decided to move to Israel. Although he had played schoolboy hockey in Russia, he assumed that he would have to give up the ice when he was 14 and his family immigrated to Israel, until he discovered an indoor rink in Tel Aviv where he played in a junior league. He had lived in Israel for only 8 months when his coach, Paul Rosen, persuaded him to try out for a Canadian league with the result that he spent 2 years playing Tier 2 hockey in Ontario, where Rosen was his legal guardian. He then joined the Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League.
He was the only Israeli national ever to be drafted by a NHL team when he was drafted 67th overall in the 2000 NHL Entry Draft by the New Jersey Devils. Despite this, he never played in the NHL, instead spending three seasons with their American Hockey League affiliate, the Albany River Rats. In 2006, Birbraer signed with the Cardiff Devils of the Elite Ice Hockey League, and played with the team for 7 years. Birbraer signed with the Telford Tigers in 2014.


Roberto Strauss

Roberto Strauss (born 24 June 1952) is a Mexican former swimmer who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics.


Sandy Hess

Sandra Kay "Sandy" Hess-Gerathy (born 1949) is an American Olympian figure skating coach. From 1988 to 1996 she was the Ice Dance Director of the Broadmoor Skating Club in Colorado Springs, Colorado, a leading center for figure skating.
Notable figure skaters coached by Hess:
Hess is married to Albert Joseph "Bud" Gerathy, Jr, who worked as a dentist in Monument, Colorado until retirement in 2016.


Anjelika Krylova

Anjelika Alexeyevna Krylova (; born 4 July 1973) is a Russian retired ice dancer. With partner Oleg Ovsyannikov, she is the 1998 Olympic silver medalist and two-time (1998, 1999) World champion. She currently works as a coach and choreographer in Moscow, Russia
Competitive career.
In her early career, Anjelika Krylova skated with Vladimir Leliukh and Vladimir Fedorov. With Fedorov, she won the bronze medal at the 1993 World Championships and was sixth at the 1994 Olympics.
In mid-1994, Krylova teamed up with Oleg Ovsyannikov. That same year they moved with their coaches Natalia Linichuk and Gennadi Karponosov to Newark, Delaware. Krylova injured her back in training shortly before they were set to leave for 1994 Skate America. The rink workers had forgot to close the gate and she stumbled as she skated backward. Aggravated by intense training, the injury would plague her throughout her career.
In their first season together, Krylova and Ovsyannikov won the Russian national title and took bronze at the European Championship. They were fifth at the World Championships.
During the 1995–96 season, Krylova and Ovsyannikov won silver at Skate America and gold at Nations Cup to qualify for the Champions Series Final (later renamed the Grand Prix Final) where they took silver. They also won silver at the Russian, European and World Championships. They were second at these events to Oksana Grishuk and Evgeni Platov.
During the 1996–97 season, Krylova and Ovsyannikov won three gold medals on the Champions Series at Skate America, Nations Cup and Cup of Russia. They qualified for the Champions Series Final in Canada where they were placed second to Canadians Shae-Lynn Bourne and Victor Kraatz. Krylova and Ovsyannikov won the silver medal at the European and World Championships, second at both events to Grishuk and Platov.
During the 1997–98 season, Krylova and Ovsyannikov won gold medals at Nations Cup and Cup of Russia but did not compete at the Champions Series Final. They won silver at the European Championships and followed it up with silver at the 1998 Olympics in Nagano, Japan. They were second at both events to Grishuk and Platov who retired after the Olympics. At the 1998 World Championships, they won their first World title ahead of Marina Anissina and Gwendal Peizerat.
During the 1998–99 season, Krylova and Ovsyannikov won gold at Sparkassen Cup (formerly Nations Cup) and Cup of Russia to qualify for the Grand Prix Final. They won the title ahead of Anissina and Peizerat. They won their first European title and then capped off their career with their second World title.
Krylova and Ovsyannikov were planning to compete the following season and had prepared programs and costumes, however, doctors advised her to retire due to a risk of paralysis stemming from her back problem. She suggested that he team up with another skater but he declined. After a year, she felt more confident and they began performing in the less demanding world of professional skating. They won the 2001 World Professional title.
Coaching career.
After ending her career, Krylova became a figure skating coach and choreographer alongside Pasquale Camerlengo. They worked for a year in Berlin, Germany, and since September 2006, at the Detroit Skating Club in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan in the U.S. Since 2018, Anjelika has moved from Michigan to Moscow, Russia to further grow high class athletes from a younger age. She has worked with the following skaters:
Krylova choreographed Johnny Weir's Dr. Zhivago program along with Giuseppe Arena.
In April 2018 Krylova moved to Moscow where she is coaches in collaboration with Albena Denkova, Maxim Staviski, and her former partner Oleg Ovsyannikov. As of March 2021, she coaches the following teams:
Krylova has formerly coached the following teams:
Personal life.
From 1994, Krylova resided mainly in Delaware, with some time also in Europe, before moving to Detroit, Michigan in 2006. She is a quarter Uzbek through her grandmother. She and Pasquale Camerlengo have two children, Stella, born in July 2005, and Anthony, born in September 2007. Stella and Anthony now live in Moscow with her mother, while Pasquale comes to visit the kids every so often.
Programs.
Eligible career with Ovsyannikov:
Show/professional career with Ovsyannikov:


Zelman Kleinstein

Zelman Kleinstein (born Zalamans Kleinsteins in Daugavpils, 1910 or 1912 – ?) was a Palestine/Israeli chess player.
He played for Palestine (British Mandate) team in the 8th Chess Olympiad on fourth board (won 2, lost 6 and drew 2) at Buenos Aires 1939. In September 1939, when World War II broke out, Kleinstein, along with many other participants of that Olympiad, decided to stay permanently in Argentina.
Around 1970 he was still playing for San Telmo club of Argentina.


International Alpine Trial

The International Alpine Trial ("Coupe Internationale des Alpes") was a "Time-Speed-Distance" motor sport rally held annually (with exceptions) between 1928 and 1936. It was one of the earliest international motorsport event of its kind and covered a distance of approximately 2,000 kilometers over an Alpine route, usually including Italy, France, Switzerland and, till 1933, Austria and Germany.
History.
The event took place eight times between 1928 and 1936, over seven different routes.
1928.
Approximately 100 crews registered for the 1928 event which was held during the third week in August. Of these, 86 started from Milan and 44 crossed the finishing line in Munich after covering a notional 1,964 kilometers over 7 days. There were no prizes for drivers/crews: the four champion constructors were Adler, Brennabor, Minerva and O.M..
1929.
36 crews arrived at the finishing post in Como without attracting penality points, having completed a course of 2,518 kilometers. They were all rewarded with "Alpine cups". 80 teams (out of 95 who had registered) departed from Munich: 48 of these completed the course without exceeding the permitted quota of penalty points. Two "Alpine cups" were awarded to manufacturers: Hansa and BMW. Georg Kimpel, driving one of the two Mercedes-Benz SSKs won the two special hillclimbing sections - trials of pure performance - which covered the Pass and the Pordoi Pass. The other SSK, driven by Wilhelm Merck, finished second on the Stelvio section. Second place on the Pordoi section went to Emilio Ricchetti in a Bugatti.
1930.
No event


Guillermo Naylor

Guillermo Brooke Naylor (born 4 September 1884, date of death unknown) was an Argentine polo player who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics. In 1924 he was part of the Argentine polo team, which won the gold medal.


Paul Makler Sr.

Paul Todd Makler Sr. (born October 22, 1920) is an American Olympic fencer.
Early and personal life.
Makler was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and is Jewish. Makler attended the University of Pennsylvania, fencing for the University of Pennsylvania Quakers, and University of Pennsylvania Medical School, graduating in 1964, became a physician, and practiced internal medicine for many years. His sons Paul Makler Jr. and Brooke Makler fenced at the 1972 Summer Olympics and the 1976 Summer Olympics, respectively.
Fencing career.
Makler competed in the individual and team épée events at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. He won a silver medal in the team foil event at the 1955 Pan American Games. Makler competed for Salle Csiszar, winning an Amateur Fencers League of America (AFLA) national team épée title with the club in 1956. Makler was President of the American Fencing Association in 1962.


Roberta Foster

Roberta Foster is a Barbadian dressage rider. She competed at the 2019 Pan American Games in Lima where she became 11th in the finals. She competed also at the 1999 Pan American Games and is the most successful dressage rider from Barbados in history, by being the first Grand Prix rider for Barbados.
She is also chair member of the dressage department at the Barbados Equestrian Federation. In 2019 they organized for the first time in history an international equestrian show in St. Philip, which she won all classes.


Glasgow University Shinty Club

Glasgow University Shinty Club is a shinty club from Glasgow, Scotland. Although formally a University Shinty team, representing the University of Glasgow, it has a long history of competition in national competition.
History.
Founded in 1901, by Angus MacVicar, Murdo Mackenzie and Murdo MacRae, with MacVicar as the first team captain. It entered League competition between 1906 and 1908 and played on the pitch of the Glasgow Skye Shinty Club until 1909, after which it played at the Glasgow Cowal Club pitch at Possilpark, Glasgow. The Club became affiliated to the Glasgow University Sports Association in 1911. Throughout the years the club has also been very strong in University competition, its glory years being in the late 1950s and 1960s, when they won the southern league and the Littlejohn three years in a row. Throughout the latter half of the club's existence from the late 1940s until his death in 2015 Jack Asher, who latterly was honorary president, attended games and supported the club. The club organises an annual 6 aside tournament in his memory.
The club struggled in the 1980s although they had reached the final of the Sutherland Cup in 1981 but the late 1990s saw a renaissance in the team, the club appearing in 5 Littlejohn finals in a row, winning the trophy twice and the club's final season in 2003 in the south leagues saw them win South Division Two undefeated. However, the switch to a summer season in shinty resulted in the University leaving the league set-up. Their last senior fixture was a Glasgow Celtic Society Cup match against Tayforth in the spring of 2004.
Since 2004 amid the advent of summer shinty, the club's fortunes suffered a downturn on the park, although membership stayed steady. Glasgow failed to reach a Littlejohn final or challenge for the league between 2005 and 2010 as an exceptionally strong Strathclyde side swept all before them. However, 2011 saw a rejuvenated Glasgow leading the University league and reach the Littlejohn Final for the first time since 2004. The club reached the final again in 2012 but they were thwarted by Edinburgh, who won their first trophy in 26 years, Glasgow's drought now lasting since 2002. In 2015 the club won the University league, notably completing the double over a Strathclyde team that went on to win the Littlejohn that year. The Glasgow University Ladies team won the University League for the first time in 2019.
The club has one of the shortest pitches in shinty and was one of the first clubs to make effective use of the internet as a recruiting tool. The club is also a major force for promoting shinty, through Gaelic the team also known in Scots Gaelic as "An t-Òr is Dubh", the Gold and Blacks.
Archives.
The archives of Glasgow University Shinty Club are maintained by the Archives of the University of Glasgow (GUAS).


Tata Steel F.C.