Obedience trial

An obedience trial is a dog sport in which a dog must perfectly execute a predefined set of tasks when directed to do so by his handler. According to the American Kennel Club (AKC) obedience regulations
The basic objective of obedience trials, however, is to recognize dogs that have been trained to behave in the home, in public places, and in the presence of other dogs, in a manner that will reflect credit on the sport of obedience at all times and under all conditions.
Training a dog to participate in AKC obedience trials increases a dog's understanding and reliability in responding to commands such as "sit", "down", "stay", "come", and "heel." At a trial, the dog and handler will perform various predefined obedience exercises, which will be evaluated and scored by a judge. The dog must demonstrate basic proficiency in order to receive a passing score (170 points out of a possible 200, and more than 50% of the points allocated to each exercise). A handler may choose to train for higher degrees of accuracy and style in order to receive more points. For example, on a recall, to receive a perfect score the dog must come at a trot or run directly to the handler, without sniffing or veering to one side, and sit straight in front of the handler, not at an angle or off to one side or the other.
The dog and handler teams with the four highest scores in a given class will receive placement ribbons, and sometimes additional prizes. All dogs that receive a passing, or "qualifying" score earn a "leg" towards an obedience title. When a dog has accumulated the requisite number of legs for a given title, the AKC will issue a certificate to the dog's owner recognizing that accomplishment.
Obedience competition provides an opportunity for a person and a dog to work as a highly tuned team. Training for obedience trials can provide much needed mental stimulation and physical activity for a bored housepet, and provide a fun and challenging hobby for the dog's owner.
Competition obedience exercises.
The exact name and requirements of obedience exercises vary depending on who is sanctioning any given competition. However, the list of exercises below provides a general description of what a dog and handler can expect at most obedience trials.
Depending on who has sanctioned the given trial dogs are divided into classes based on their proficiency, age, or their handlers experience. Most organizations break down the dog and handler teams into novice, intermediate, and advanced classes. The American Kennel Club (AKC) calls these three classes, Novice, Open (intermediate), and Utility (advanced). The AKC then further divides these classes into "A" and "B" classes: i.e. Novice "A" or Open "B". The Novice "A" class is reserved for handlers who have never before shown a dog and earned a title in obedience. Other "A" classes have restrictions on the handler's or dog's experience.
Depending on the level of the class a dog and handler may be expected to perform as few as five specific exercises or may be required to perform several of the exercises determined at random by the judge on the day of competition.
Titles.
Obedience Titles are awarded through several organizations. In the United States, a purebred dog recognized by the AKC can compete under AKC rules. The AKC also allows dogs registered with its Canine Partners program (mixed-breed dogs) to compete; this became effective April 1, 2010. Dogs can also earn titles in the United Kennel Club (UKC), Mixed Breed Dog Club of America (MBDCA), Service Dogs Of America (SDA), American Mixed Breed Obedience Registry (AMBOR), or Australian Shepherd Club of America (ASCA). When a dog earns a title, an abbreviation is permanently affixed as either a prefix or suffix to the dog's registered name.
The titles given by various organizations do vary, but most are similar to "CD" (Companion Dog), "CDX" (Companion Dog Excellent), "UD" (Utility Dog), "UDX" (Utility Dog Excellent), and "OTCh" (Obedience Trial Champion).
The following explanation applies to AKC competition, but also generally applies to other organizations as well. Information is taken from the AKC Obedience Regulations (amended to January 1. 2012) - see references.
Companion Dog title from Novice class.
The first obedience title is a CD, or "Companion Dog", which is earned through competition in the Novice obedience class. Handlers who have never earned an obedience title or have never owned a dog with a CD title compete in the Novice A division. Handlers who have earned a CD title in the past, or who do not own the dog with whom they are competing participate in the Novice B division.
Novice Class involves 6 exercises: Heeling on leash and a Figure 8, Stand for Exam, Heel Free (off leash), Recall and Group Exercises: a 1-minute sit stay and a 1-minute down stay with dogs on leash and handlers at the end of the leash. Competitors must qualify (170 out of 200 points) 3 times under 2 different judges in order to earn the CD title.
Companion Dog Excellent title from Open class.
The second obedience title is a CDX, or "Companion Dog Excellent", which is earned through competition in the Open obedience class. Competitors are eligible for the Open class after the dog has earned the CD title from the Novice class. The "Open A" division is for competitors who have not earned an OTCh title on any dog, who own the dog, and for dogs who have not yet earned the CDX title. The "Open B" division is for competitors who have earned an OTCh title on any dog, and those dogs who already have earned their CDX title.
Open Class involves 7 exercises: Heel Free and a Figure 8 (off leash), a Drop on Recall, Retrieve on Flat, Retrieve over High Jump, Broad Jump, Command Discrimination and Stand, Stay, Get your leash. Competitors must qualify (170 out of 200 points) 3 times under 2 different judges in order to earn the CDX title. Dogs with a CDX title may compete in the Open B division indefinitely.
Utility Dog title from Utility class.
The third obedience title is a UD, or "Utility Dog", which is earned through competition in the Utility obedience class. Competitors enter the Utility Classes after completing their CDX in the Open class. Teams may enter the "Utility A" division if the handler owns the dog, has never earned an OTCh title on any dog, and does not already have a UD title on the dog with whom they are competing. The "Utility B" division is for competitors who have earned an OTCh title on any dog, and those dogs who already have earned their UD title.
Utility Class involves 6 exercises:
1st Exercise is called the Signal Exercise. The handler must give a signal (non-verbal) to the dog "to heel" as the judge gives a heeling pattern. At the end of the heeling pattern, the handler will be asked to "stand your dog, leave". The handler walks across the ring and at the judge's signal, the handler gives a signal for the dog "to down", "to sit", and "to come"; followed with "finish".
2nd & 3rd Exercises are called Scent Discrimination. A dog must retrieve a scented (handler's) metal and leather article. These are two separate exercises. The dog must be able to distinguish between the handler's scent and that of a person who has placed 8 other articles in a cluster approximately 20 feet away.
4th Exercise is the Directed Retrieve. Three gloves are placed approximately 15–20 feet away from the handler and dog. The handler must turn and face the glove that the judge has indicated and send the dog to retrieve it.
5th Exercise is The Moving Stand. The dog must heel with the handler and then is stopped in standing position. The handler must continue moving (10 feet) and turn around to face the dog. The judge "examines" the dog and instructs the handler "call your dog to heel position".
6th Exercise is Directed Jumping. It is often referred to as "go outs". The dog and handler are centered at one end of the ring. The dog is sent out and required to turn and sit approximately 20 feet beyond the high jump and bar jump. The dog is given a signal and verbal command to jump a high jump and in the second half of the exercise the dog is sent out again and must execute the other jump. It is scored as one exercise.
Competitors must qualify (170 out of 200 points) 3 times under 2 different judges in order to earn the UD title. Dogs with a UD title may compete in the Utility B division indefinitely.
Utility Dog Excellent title.
To earn the UDX, or "Utility Dog Excellent" title, a dog-and-handler team must qualify (earn 170 out of 200 points) in both the Open B and the Utility B class at a single trial to earn a leg towards the title. In most cases this effectively requires the team to qualify in both Open B and Utility B on the same day. In order to earn the title the team must do this a total of 10 times.
Obedience Trial Champion (OTCh) title.
The American Kennel Club (AKC) awards an "Obedience Trial Championship" (OTCh) to the dog-and-handler team that defeats a large number of other teams in competition. The team must earn a total of 100 points, based on a rating scale distributed by the AKC. The points can only be earned by competing in either an Open B or a Utility B class. In addition, points are only awarded to dogs that placed in the top four and the number of points awarded to each dog varies depending on the size of the class. For example, a team that placed first out of 15 may only earn 4 OTCh points but a team that places first out of 50 may earn as much as 40 points. In addition to the points a team must win three first place awards - one in an Open B class, one in a Utility B class, and an additional first place win in either Open B or Utility B all under different judges.
Since a team begins accruing OTCh points by competing in any Open B or Utility B class after competing the Utility Dog title, it is possible (though not common) for a dog to earn the OTCh title before completing the Utility Dog Excellent title.


Ilia Szrajbman

Lejzor Ilia Szrajbman (April 25, 1907 – 1943) was a Polish Olympic freestyle swimmer.
Szrajbman was born in Warsaw, Poland. He competed for Poland at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany.
Ilia was killed in 1943 in the Majdanek concentration camp.


Edward Lawrence Levy

Edward Lawrence Levy (born 21 December 1851 – May 1932) was a British weightlifter.
Career.
Levy, who was Jewish, was born in London, England. He was a member of the Birmingham Athletic Club.
In February 1891, Levy won the first British Amateur Weightlifting Championship. Between 1891 and 1894, he established 14 world weightlifting records.
In March 1891, competing against champions from Brussels, Hamburg, England, Vienna, Italy, and Berlin in a three-day event, Levy won the first World Weightlifting Competition.
In 1896, at the first modern Olympics in Athens, he was as a member of the International Weightlifting Jury. Levy founded the Amateur Gymnastics Federation of Great Britain and Ireland.
In 1988, he was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame.
E. Lawrence Levy began work for the drink trade (brewers) in 1891 as an assistant agent for the Midland District of the National Trade Defence Association. A few years he was promoted to agent, a position he held until his death. Licensed Trade News, 28 May 1932, pp. 1–2. (He had served as editor of this Birmingham-based newspaper.)
Otherwise he ran a Jewish school in Birmingham, was active in Conservative Party affairs (in a predominantly Liberal Unionist city) and in amateur theatricals, and served as choirmaster for a synagogue choir. He was a celebrated weightlifter who in middle age won many weightlifting titles (including the first British amateur weightlifting championship and the first world championship, both in 1891) and then served as a judge for weightlifting at the first modern Olympics in 1896.
Levy was a founder of the amateur gymnastic association for Great Britain and Ireland. He wrote numerous books, most of them published in Birmingham by J.G. Hammond and the others by the organisation that was the subject of the book). His books include The Midland Conservative Club (1883 and After) (1909), The Autobiography of an Athlete (1913), Birmingham Athletic Club, 1866–1916 (1916), The History of the Lodge of Israel, 1474, Warwickshire, 2 vols. (1916 and 1924), a Masonic lodge founded in 1874, Birmingham Theatrical Reminiscences. Jubilee Reflections (1870–1920) (1922), and Birmingham Jewry, 1870, Then, and 1929, Now (1929).
Levy served as honorary secretary of the political committee of the Midland Conservative Club from 1884 to 1890, when friction with Liberal Unionists forced him to resign. Levy, Midland Conservative Club, pp. 50–51, 58.
According to Somerset House, he left an estate of a little more than 1,874 pounds. For details about Levy's work for the drink trade, see David M. Fahey, "Brewers, Publicans, and Working Class Drinkers: Pressure Group Politics in Late Victorian and Edwardian England," Histoire sociale 13 (May 1980) See also David M. Fahey, ed., E.Lawrence Levy and Muscular Judaism, 1851–1932: Sport, Culture, and Assimilation in 19th-Century Britain (Edwin Mellen Press, 2015), which includes Levy's The Autobiography of an Athlete.


2004 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship

The 2004 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship was the 39th edition of the World Championship The Championship was held as a Grand Prix series over eight rounds.


Jasmine Chen

Jasmine Chen (June 15, 1989 in Taipei) is a Taiwanese showjumper. Her coach is the German jumper and entrepreneur Paul Schockemöhle, who also trains her twin sister Joy, also a showjumper. In 2006 Jasmine Chen competed in the Asian Games with her horse, an Oldenburg named Comodoro, placing 2nd in the singles and 7th place in the team competition. Jasmine attends the University of Pennsylvania where she is majoring in Art History.


Andriy Oberemko

Andriy Oleksandrovych Oberemko (; born 8 March 1984) is a Ukrainian professional football (soccer) player.
Oberemko was born in Tokmak, Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukrainian SSR, and is Jewish.
Playing career.
In 2006, Oberemko attracted interest from Israeli club Beitar Jerusalem. Being Jewish, Oberemko would not count against the clubs' foreign player cap. Kiev demanded $220,000 for Oberemko. Talks eventually stalled, and Oberemko ended up leaving Kiev on a free transfer to FC Kharkiv.
National team.
As a member of the Ukraine national under-21 football team, Oberemko competed at the 2006 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship in Portugal. The team was defeated in the final by the Netherlands.


Ground fighting

Ground fighting (also called ground work or ground game) is hand-to-hand combat which takes place while the combatants are on the ground. The term is commonly used in mixed martial arts and other combat sports, as well as various forms of martial arts to designate the set of grappling techniques employed by a combatant that is on the ground. It is the main focus of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and is featured in varying amounts in Catch wrestling, Judo, Sambo, Shoot wrestling, Dishuquan Dog Kung Fu, some schools of Shuai Jiao and other styles of wrestling.
Similarly to clinch fighting, ground fighting implies that the combatants are at a very close range, usually involving one or both combatants grappling the opponent using various grappling holds. Depending on the positioning of the combatants, the proximity can allow for techniques such as biting, chokeholds, fish-hooking, eye-gouging, joint locks, pressure point techniques, or various strikes.
Striking on the ground.
Traditionally neglected by most grappling arts, striking on the ground is an important aspect of ground fighting. Typically, a top position is better for various strikes than a bottom position, simply because the combatant in the top position can generate the distance and movement needed for effective strikes, while the bottom combatant is restricted by the ground and by the combatant on top. Another factor is gravity, which is in favor of the top combatant when they are striking downwards. In addition, the effect of ground strikes may be amplified, depending on the area struck, by the strike driving the opponent into the ground. The types of strikes that can be employed effectively depend on the particular grappling position. Common strikes include elbows, headbutts, knees and punches.


European Criterium

European Criterium is a series of international and inter-club figure skating competitions. First organised in the 1997–98 season, it is open to skaters who are members of European clubs.
Age categories.
The competitions are organised in the following age categories:
Skaters compete in several events, earning points for their placements. The points are added together to produce the final standings, which lead to the final competition "(Coppa Europa)".
Competitions.
Competitions which are part of the series include:
"Formerly part of the series"
Events by season.
2005–06 season.
Final standings
2004–05 season.
Final standings
2003–04 season.
Final standings
2002–03 season.
Final standings
2001–02 season.
Final standings
2000–01 season.
Final standings
1999–2000 season.
Final standings
1998–99 season.
Final standings
1997–98 season.
Final standings


2008 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup

The 2008 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup was the third Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup season. The season began at Hockenheim on 26 April and finished on 5 October at Spa, after sixteen races.
Motopark Academy driver Valtteri Bottas won the NEC championship title, having won twelve races during the season, bringing the team their third successive drivers' championship title. His teammates António Félix da Costa and Tobias Hegewald, completed the top three, for the team's second consecutive championship title.
Standings.
"Points are awarded only based on position. There are 2 races by rounds, each 25 minutes."
† — Drivers did not finish the race, but were classified as they completed over 90% of the race distance.


2007 International Rules Series

The 2007 International Rules Series was to be the 14th series of international rules football to be played between Ireland and Australia since the establishment of the annual international rules series tournament and the 16th tour overall and was to have been held in Australia. The tour, however, was cancelled after violence marred the 2005 and 2006 series, with much of the blame being laid by Irish commentators on the rough tactics of the Australian team. In December 2006, the GAA decided to abandon the 2007 series.
"On the recommendation of the Management Committee, it was agreed that there would be no Junior or Senior Series of games in 2007."
The series was renewed in 2008.


Hungary national wheelchair handball team

The Hungary national wheelchair handball team is the national wheelchair handball team of Hungary and is controlled by the Hungarian Handball Federation.


AMA Pro Daytona Sportbike Championship

The AMA Pro Daytona Sportbike Championship was a motorcycle racing series run by AMA Pro Racing. The category was similar to the Formula Xtreme class, allowing a wide range of engine types and displacements.
The flagship race for the series was the Daytona 200, held at the Daytona International Speedway.


Margarete Adler

Margarete "Grete" Adler (13 February 1896 – 10 April 1990) was an Austrian freestyle swimmer, diver, and gymnastics teacher, who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics and in the 1924 Summer Olympics.
She was Jewish, and was born in Vienna.
Adler won the bronze medal in the 4×100 metre freestyle relay event, becoming the first Austrian woman to win an Olympic medal together with her teammates Klara Milch, Josephine Sticker and Berta Zahourek. Also she is the youngest female Austrian Summer Olympics medalist ever at the age of 16 years and 152 days.
She also participated in the 100 metre freestyle competition but was eliminated in the first round. Twelve years later she was eliminated in the first round of the 10 metre platform diving event.
Olympian.
Aged just 16 she competed at the 1912 Summer Olympics in three events, firstly she was in the 100 metre freestyle competition, where she finished 4th out of 6 in her heat and failing to qualify, her heat was won by Fanny Durack who broke the Olympic record.
On 15 July 1912, she lined up with her team-mates against three other countries to compete in the 4 × 100 m freestyle. Although well beaten by Great Britain and Germany they held off Sweden and came away with the bronze medal.
Twelve years later she returned to the Olympic scene at the 1924 Summer Olympics to compete in the 10 metre platform diving event, she finished 4th in her pool and failed to qualify for the final and also ending her Olympic career.


Stephanie Ready

Stephanie Ready (born 1975) is an American broadcaster for NBA on TNT and was formerly a broadcaster for the National Basketball Association's (NBA) Charlotte Hornets. Prior to her broadcasting career, she was a basketball coach and gained recognition as the first female coach of a men's professional league team in 2001. After a stint as a head coach at the NBA Development League, she was a part of Hornets’ broadcasts for over a decade, including a stint as the first full-time female NBA game analyst.
Personal life.
Born in Takoma Park, Maryland, Ready attended National Cathedral School in Washington, D.C. followed by Coppin State University in Baltimore, where she played basketball and volleyball for the Coppin State Eagles. She ranked in the top 10 on the basketball career list in steals (2nd), assists (4th), points (8th) and rebounds (10th). Ready graduated cum laude with a bachelor's degree in psychology. "Ebony" magazine named her one of "The 56 Most Intriguing Blacks of 2001" along with Shaquille O'Neal, Kobe Bryant, and Michael Jordan.
Career.
Coppin State athletic director Ron "Fang" Mitchell urged Ready to hold off on graduate school and instead to pursue coaching, and he hired Ready to coach the women's volleyball team. Ready was hired two weeks before the start of the season, at the time, Ready was one of the youngest Division I volleyball coaches in the country and soon an 129-match losing streak of Lady Eagles' was snapped. Mitchell called upon Ready again to assist him on the bench for Coppin State's men's basketball team. She became only the third woman ever to coach Division I men's basketball; Jennifer Johnston of Oakland University in Michigan, and Bernadette Mattox, who coached at the University of Kentucky from 1990 to 1995 under former coach Rick Pitino, were the others. Of the three, Ready was the only woman who was allowed to recruit off-campus. "It was a no-brainer", Mitchell told blackvoices.com, of his decision to hire Ready. "She's very detail-oriented and one of the most organized people I've had a pleasure to work with."
Before Ready resigned from Coppin State in August 2001, she had received a ringing endorsement from Mitchell, who had spoken to NBA Development League senior director Karl Hicks and Rob Levine. (now the G-League), From 2001 to 2003, she was an assistant coach for the now defunct Greenville Groove of the National Basketball Development League (now the G-league). She started as a Bobcats’ sideline reporter in 2004-05. In 2006 and 2007, Ready worked as a sideline reporter during the first and second rounds of the Women's Final Four of college basketball for ESPN2. Ready was also a part-time sideline reporter for TNT during the 2006 and 2007 NBA Playoffs, and the WNBA Playoffs on ESPN2 during 2006. After several years as the Hornets' sideline reporter and host on Fox Sports Carolinas, Ready was named an analyst on August 27, 2015, making her the first full-time female NBA game analyst.
In 2018 she moved to Turner Sports.


Billycart Kids

Billycart Kids is an Australian company who make and distribute billycarts.
Etymology.
The term "billycart" originates from the Australian billygoat-pulled cart of the 1880s. Originally, a simple platform with four wheels and a moveable front steering column, the billycart was adapted to become a self-powered vehicle which children would race; the challenge being, to travel as fast and/or far as possible with the least initial momentum.
Construction.
Using timber from Australian renewable forests, this current model billycart has four wheels, a fixed rear axle and a steerable front beam axle, actuated by a hand held rope. The seat area is enclosed; designed for both safety and aesthetics.
Unpowered, the billycart is designed to be pushed by a friend or run down a suitable slope. Users of this particular model claim Linear Park in Adelaide may be the perfect track.
Company.
Billycart Kids employs Orana at their Port Pirie factory to hand drill, route and hand paint each piece to make every billycart unique.
Billycart Kids claim to be the only company in the world to ship this kind of product to consumers. The billycart comes as a flat pack and requires assembly.
Events.
On 28 March 2010, Billycart Kids sponsored the first Sodexo Roxby Billycart Bash, in Roxby Downs. The event saw over a hundred downhill racers hurtle down the only hill in town in homemade or purchased billycarts. The event raised money for the Roxby Downs Health Service Auxiliary.
Models.
"The Hudson Flyer"
"The Hudson Hornett"


Nashville NightWatch

The Nashville NightWatch were a professional ultimate team from Nashville, Tennessee playing in the South Division of the American Ultimate Disc League. The team was founded in 2015 and folded after the 2018 season.
History.
Breaking gender barriers.
The Raleigh Flyers made news in 2015 by signing the first ever female professional ultimate player, Jessi Jones, to play in their game against the Nashville NightWatch as part of "Women's Ultimate Day". The NightWatch went a step further in 2017 by rostering Jesse Shofner from the beginning of the season. Shofner subsequently scored two goals in the NightWatch's first game of the 2017 season, making her the first woman to do so in any AUDL game.
Closing.
An American Ultimate Disc League announcement on November 21, 2018 stated that the NightWatch had folded, with owner David Trett aiming for a return to the league after a time of increased player development.


Alan Conn

Alan Conn is an Australian Paralympian archer and table tennis player from New South Wales. He had an accident at 18 on his motorcycle that led to him becoming paraplegic. At the 1968 Tel Aviv Games, he won a gold medal in the Men's Columbia Round open archery event, with a world record score of 618, and a silver medal in the Mixed Pairs open dartchery event. He also competed but did not win a medal in the Men's Doubles B table tennis event. At the time of the Games, he was 24 years old, and working as a shoe maker for the Commonwealth rehabilitation artificial limb plant. He started competing in archery three years before the Games. At the 1972 Heidelberg Games, he won a bronze medal in the Men's FITA Round Team open.


Edmond Schmilovich

Edmond Schmilovich (; ) was a Romanian-Israeli footballer and manager.


Fastest propeller-driven aircraft

A number of aircraft have been claimed to be the fastest propeller-driven aircraft. This article presents the current record holders for several sub-classes of propeller-driven aircraft that hold recognized, documented speed records in level flight. Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) records are the basis for this article. Other contenders and their claims are discussed, but only those made under controlled conditions and measured by outside observers. Pilots during World War II sometimes claimed to have reached supersonic speeds in propeller-driven fighters during emergency dives, but these speeds are not included as accepted records. Neither are speeds recorded in a dive during high-speed tests with the Supermarine Spitfire, including Squadron Leader J.R. Tobin's in a 45° dive in a Mark XI Spitfire (date unknown) and Squadron Leader Anthony F. Martindale's breaking in the same aircraft in April 1944. Flight Lieutenant Edward Powles' in Spitfire PR.XIX PS852 during an emergency dive while carrying out spying flights over China on 5 February 1952 is also discounted. This would otherwise be the highest speed ever recorded for a piston-engined aircraft, however since the airspeed indicators were not calibrated and verified, they may simply have been reading high.
Propeller versus jet propulsion.
Aircraft that use propellers as their prime propulsion device constitute a historically important subset of aircraft, despite inherent limitations to their speed. Aircraft powered by piston engines get virtually all of their thrust from the propeller driven by the engine. A few piston engined aircraft derive some thrust from the engine's exhaust gases, and there are certain hybrid types like the Motorjet that use a piston engine to drive the compressor of a jet engine, which supplies the primary thrust (although some types also have a propeller powered by the piston engine for low speed efficiency). All aircraft prior to World War II (except for a tiny number of early jet aircraft and rocket aircraft) used piston engines to drive propellers, so all Flight airspeed records prior to 1944 were necessarily set by propeller-driven aircraft. Rapid advances in first liquid-fueled rocket engine-powered aircraft – with a record set in October 1941 by a German example — and axial-flow jet engine technology during World War II meant that no propeller-driven aircraft would ever again hold an absolute air speed record. Shock wave formation in propeller-driven aircraft at speeds near sonic conditions, impose limits not encountered in jet aircraft.
Jet engines, particularly turbojets, are a type of gas turbine configured such that most of the work available results from the thrust of the hot exhaust gases. Turbofans, both the high-bypass versions used in all modern commercial jetliners, and the low-bypass versions in most modern military aircraft, produce a combination of jet thrust from the exhaust of burnt fuel, and air thrust from what amounts to an internal propeller. High-bypass turbofan engines achieve most of their thrust from a fan driving air backwards through the engine casing, and driven by a gas turbine, which also contributes jet thrust via its exhaust. The two are in one large engine casing with the fan (propeller) at the front and the jet engine behind, with both turbine exhaust and fan-driven air exiting the rear of the engine casing. Turboprop engines are similar, but use an external propeller rather than an internal fan (propeller) inside an engine casing. The hot exhaust gas from a turboprop engine gives a small amount of thrust, however the propeller is the main source of thrust.
Turboprops.
The Soviet Tu-95 bomber is able to reach in level flight, but no official FAI record has been recognized. The FAI lists a Piaggio P.180 Avanti as the fastest propeller-driven aircraft with speed of “over a recognized course”, in this case Fort Worth to Atlanta, set on 6 Feb 2003 by Joseph J. Ritchie.
Probably the fastest aircraft ever fitted with an operating propeller was the experimental McDonnell XF-88B, which was made by installing an Allison T38 turboshaft engine in the nose of a pure jet-powered XF-88 Voodoo. This unusual aircraft was intended to explore the use of high-speed propellers and achieved supersonic speeds. This aircraft exceeded the speed of sound (Mach 1.2) on the propeller alone, but only in a dive, and it wasn't in two directions, which is necessary for the FAI's record book.
An oft-cited contender for the fastest propeller-driven aircraft is the XF-84H Thunderscreech. This aircraft is named in Guinness World Records, 1997, as the fastest in this category with a speed of (Mach 0.83). While it may have been "designed" as the fastest propeller-driven aircraft, this goal was not realized due to severe stability problems. This record speed is also inconsistent with data from the National Museum of the United States Air Force, which gives a top speed of (Mach 0.70), slower than the current record.
Piston engines.
The more "traditional" class of propeller-driven aircraft comprises those powered by piston engines, which include nearly all aircraft from the Wright brothers up through World War II. Today piston engines are used almost exclusively on light, general aviation aircraft. The official speed record for a piston plane was held by a modified Grumman F8F Bearcat, the "Rare Bear", with a speed of on 21 August 1989 at Las Vegas, New Mexico, United States of America. This record was retired as a new weight class based system was introduced to allow more pilots to set new records across a wider range of aircraft. On September 2, 2017, Steve Hinton Jr, in the modified P-51 Mustang "Voodoo" set the new record of in the C-1e class (the same weight class Rare Bear would fall into). This record is also the fastest for any propeller driven piston aircraft.
The FAI record for the fastest piston-powered aircraft over a long-distance circuit is the 2000-km record of set on 22 May 1948 by Jacqueline Cochran in a P-51C. (She also holds the 100-km record of , set in December 1947.) Higher speed records exist; some are unofficial and some were officially-timed one-way trips aided by tailwinds. Examples of the latter: a B-29 averaged from Burbank to Floyd Bennett Field ( in 5.455 hours) on 11 December 1945, and Joe DeBona averaged from Los Angeles LAX to New York Idlewild () in 4.405 hours) in a North American P-51 Mustang on 30 March 1954. On September 12, 2003, the modified P-51 "Dago Red", piloted by Skip Holm, averaged during the 6 lap (c. ) Reno Air Races Friday Gold Race.
Other claimants.
The 1903 Wright Flyer did during its first flight; the Bleriot XI reached in 1909. Fabric-covered biplanes of the World War I era and shortly after could do up to . In 1925 U.S. Army Lt. Cyrus K. Bettis flying a Curtiss R3C won the Pulitzer Trophy Race with a speed of .
Speeds of all-metal monoplanes of the 1930s jumped to with the Macchi M.C.72 floatplane. The Messerschmitt Me 209 V1 set a world speed record of almost on 26 April 1939, and the Republic XP-47J (a variant of the P-47 Thunderbolt) is claimed to have reached . A P-51H Mustang managed . A prototype Republic XP-72, designed as a successor to the P-47, managed . The prototype of the twin-engined de Havilland Hornet (RR915) (383 built) reached as did a prototype Hawker Fury monoplane when fitted with a Napier Sabre VII, and a prototype of the successor to the Supermarine Spitfire, the Supermarine Spiteful, reached . The fastest German propeller driven aircraft that flew in WWII (but which did not see combat) was the twin-DB 603-powered Dornier Do 335 "Pfeil/Arrow" which had a claimed top speed of .
In the 1950s two turboprop tailsitter fighter prototypes were designed for the US Navy, the Convair XFY "Pogo" () and the Lockheed XFV (), but both had less powerful engines than intended and conflicting demands of vertical and horizontal flight further compromised flight speeds so they never got close to these numbers.


Frank Luck

Frank Luck (born 5 December 1967) is a former German and, before 1990, East German biathlete.
Career.
Luck started early with cross-country skiing, but in 1980 he went over to biathlon. By 1988 at the age of 21 he had already qualified for the Winter Olympics in Calgary, where he finished sixth in the sprint event. His big breakthrough came with the 10 km sprint world title in 1989. Having originally competed for the East German team, by 1991, Germany had unified and Luck was now competing for the combined Germany team. Because of illness he missed the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, but at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer he won the gold medal with the German relay team which he repeated four years later at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. During his seventeen-year career, Luck won eleven world championship gold medal with the last one in the relay in 2004 at Oberhof where he retired as a biathlete after this event. With five silver and three bronze medals he is one of the most successful world championship competitors of all time.
Luck also won three times at the Holmenkollen ski festival biathlon competition with two wins in the pursuit (1999, 2000) and one win in the sprint (2002).
He is the Brother-in-law to his one-time teammate Sven Fischer.
Doping.
In April 2009, Luck, on the German TV show "Sport Inside" (WDR), acknowledged having unwittingly been given the anabolic steroid Oral Turinabol by his trainer in the 1980s.
Biathlon results.
All results are sourced from the International Biathlon Union.
Olympic Games.
"5 medals (2 gold, 3 silver)"
World Championships.
"20 medals (11 gold, 5 silver, 4 bronze)"
Individual victories.
"12 victories (1 In, 9 Sp, 2 Pu)"


2002 World Jiu-Jitsu Championship

The 2002 World Jiu-Jitsu Championship was held at Tijuca Tênis Clube, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.


Cymru South

The Cymru South is a regional football league in Wales, covering the southern half of the country. It has semi-professional status clubs and together with the Cymru North, it forms the second tier of the Welsh football league system.
The first year of its operation was in 2019-20 with the Football Association of Wales owning and administering the tier 2 leagues for the first time. These changes followed on from a review of the Welsh Football Pyramid. Prior to 2019, the equivalent league was the Welsh Football League Division One, covering South Wales.
Member clubs for 2020–21 season.
The following teams were confirmed as members for the season after the Football Association of Wales confirmed relegation from, and promotion to the league in June 2020.


Pakistan Wushu Federation

The Pakistan Wushu Federation is the national governing body to develop and promote the sport of Wushu in the Pakistan. The Federation was formed in 1962.
The Federation is affiliated with the Pakistan Olympic Association and Pakistan Sports Board. The Federation is the member organization of the International Wushu Federation.
National Championship.
In addition to a regular event at National Games, The federation organizes National Wushu Championship annually.


Equestrian at the 2007 Southeast Asian Games

The events of the Equestrian at the 2007 Southeast Asian Games the dressage and show jumping events were held at the Horseshoe Point, Pattaya, Chon Buri Province, Thailand and eventing event were held at the Thai Polo Club, Pattaya, Chon Buri Province, Thailand


Sanne Voets

Sanne Voets (born 17 September 1986) is a Dutch Paralympic equestrian. She gold medalled at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.


2004 Bahrain Superprix

The 2004 Bahrain Super Prix was the inaugural and only Bahrain Super Prix race held at the Bahrain International Circuit on December 10, 2004. It was won by Briton Lewis Hamilton for Manor Motorsport, who finished ahead of Nico Rosberg and Jamie Green.
Classification.
Qualifying.
Qualifying is split into two sessions, both of which being 45 minutes, both of which were held on December 9, with the best times of each driver counting towards the grid for the qualifying race.


Enfield Croquet Club

Following a croquet course run by Enfield London Borough Council, those completing the course were offered the chance to form a club, and in 1991 Enfield Croquet Club was established in Bush Hill Park recreation ground, between Lincoln Road and Southbury Road, in the London Borough of Enfield.
At first only association croquet was played, but later in 2005 golf croquet was introduced. The club currently has three full size lawns and its members compete in various inter-club association and golf croquet competitions around the south east of England.
The club is a full member of the Croquet Association, the national governing body for the sport.


Luke Steyn

Luke Steyn (born June 7, 1993 in Harare) is a Zimbabwean alpine skier who has competed since 2008. Steyn competed for Zimbabwe at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, and became the first Winter Olympian to represent the country.
Steyn was born in the country but left at the age of two to Switzerland, where he eventually was exposed to snow and skiing.


Irina Starykh

Irina Aleksandrovna Starykh (; born 26 August 1987) is a Russian biathlete.
Career.
She won the gold medal in the sprint competition at the 2013 European Championships.
Starykh was seen as a medal hope for Russia at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi but was withdrawn from the team after she failed a doping test.
She was disqualified for doping for three years since 23 December 2013.
Biathlon results.
All results are sourced from the International Biathlon Union.


Aernout van Lennep

Aernout van Lennep (23 February 1898 – 17 December 1974) was a Dutch horse rider. He competed in eventing at the 1932 Summer Olympics and won a team silver medal, finishing ninth individually.
Van Lennep was a career artillery officer, and won the Dutch military championships in 1931. He was a prisoner of war in Germany during World War II, and later became a lieutenant colonel in the 1950s.


ZION (wrestling tournament)

ZION, was a "joshi puroresu" (women's professional wrestling) single elimination tournament that was promoted by Arsion. The tournament was typically held between August and October each year. The tournament was held from 1998 until 2002, as the promotion folded in 2003.
ZION '98.
The ZION '98 Tournament was held on August 31, 1998. It featured 8 competitors and was won by Mariko Yoshida, who defeated Ayako Hamada in the finals. The winner of this tournament earned the right to face the winner of the ARS '98 tournament winner, who was Candy Okutsu to crown the first Queen of Arsion Champion.
ZION '99.
The ZION '99 Tournament was held on August 22, 1999. It featured 8 competitors and was won by Michiko Omukai, who defeated Mima Shimoda in the finals. Mariko Yoshida, who was the defending champion and was originally scheduled for this tournament, was replaced by Rie Tamada.
ZION 2000.
The ZION 2000 Tournament was held on September 17, 2000. It featured 10 competitors and was won by Ayako Hamada, who defeated Mariko Yoshida in the finals. Both Aja Kong and GAMI received first round byes.
ZION 2001.
The ZION 2001 Tournament was held on September 22, 2001. It featured 8 competitors and was won by GAMI, who defeated Azumi Hyuga in the finals.
ZION 2002.
The ZION 2002 Tournament was held on October 7th, 2002. It featured 10 competitors and was won by Mariko Yoshida, who defeated noki-A in the finals.


Luc Bradet

Luc Bradet (born June 11, 1969) is a Canadian former competitive pair skater.
Born in Quebec City, Quebec, Married to Michael Patrick Cassabon since September 2016. Bradet competed with Marie-Claude Savard-Gagnon. They won the gold medal at the 1997 Canadian Figure Skating Championships and competed at the 1998 Winter Olympics.
Results.
1988
Canadian Championships Novice - 1st
1990
Canadian Championships Junior - 1st
2007
Canadian Adult Champion (Single) Calgary
2007
World Master Champion (Single) Oberstdorf, Germany


2004 Formula Renault seasons

This page describe all the seasons of Formula Renault series.
Formula Renault 2.0L.
2004 Formula Renault 2000 UK season.
All races held in United Kingdom. Mike Conway won the championship title.
2004 Renault Speed Trophy F2000 season.
Some venues include non Suisse drivers who not compete for the final standing. These drivers aren't included in the following result table.
2004 Formula Renault 2.0 Brazil season.
Galid Osman Didi, Jr. finish first in the Category B Championship with 60 points behind William Starostik (24pts).
Formula Renault 1.6L.
2004 Championnat de France FFSA Formule Campus Renault Elf season.
All drivers use the La Fillière car. The calendar include 7 venues in various French circuits.
2004 Formula Renault Monza season.
The season was held over 8 races in Italia.
2004 Formula TR 1600 Pro Series season.
The Formula TR 1600 Pro Series is held with the Formula TR 2000 Pro Series. The same point system is used.
Other Formulas powered by Renault championships.
This section resume unofficial and/or renault engine supplier formula serie.
2004 Fórmula Super Renault season.
Ivo Perabó won the championship.


Abraham Kurland

Abraham Kurland (10 June 1912 – 14 March 1999) was a Danish wrestler.
Kurland was Jewish, and was born in Odense, Syddanmark, Denmark. He was affiliated with the Hakoah Jewish Sports club, København/Bagsværd, København.
He won a silver medal in lightweight Greco Roman wrestling at the 1932 Olympics in Los Angeles, after being narrowly defeated for the gold medal.
He was the favorite to win a gold medal at the 1936 Olympics, but declined to participate because it was taking place in Nazi Germany. In the 1948 games Kurland participated in the 1948 Summer Olympics, at the age of 45.


Dirt Fox

 is a racing arcade game, which had been released by Namco in 1989 only in Japan; it runs on Namco System 2 hardware, and allows up to four players to play simultaneously, when four cabinets are linked together (much like Namco's own "Final Lap", which was released two years earlier) they can allow up to eight players to play simultaneously, when four two-player cabinets are linked together.
Gameplay.
Each player must take control of a colour-coded car (red for 1P, green for 2P, blue for 3P and yellow for 4P) which are competing in an off-road race; they are given a preset amount of time in which to complete each of the track's six sections and for each section of the track that is successfully completed, the players' time gets extended. However, if any one of the players do not manage to successfully complete the current section of the track before their time runs out, the game will like in other Namco multiplayer racing titles (such as the aforementioned "Final Lap") instantly be over and the race will continue without them - and between four and seven purple CPU-controlled cars will also start the race with the players, but they may catch up with additional ones in preset positions on the track.
Reception.
In Japan, "Game Machine" listed "Dirt Fox" on their August 15, 1989 issue as being the twelfth most-successful upright arcade game of the year.


Gordon Faber Recreation Complex


Reto Burgermeister

Reto Burgermeister (born September 7, 1975) is a Swiss cross country skier who has competed since 1994. Competing in three Winter Olympics, he finished sixth in the 4 × 10 km relay at Nagano in 1998 overall and ninth in the 15 km at Salt Lake City in 2002.
Burgermeister's best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was tenth in the 30 km event at Val di Fiemme in 2003. His best World Cup finish was second twice in Germany (2003: 15 km, 2004: 15 km + 15 km double pursuit).
Burgermeister earned sixteen individual victories in lesser events up to 30 km from 1998 to 2006.
Burgermeister retired in 2009 as he was very unsuccessful since 2001. He was a former member of the Ski Club am Bachtel, the largest cross-country skiclub in the region of Zurich.
Since 2011 Burgermeister works as a coach for Russian national cross-country skiing team with Alexander Legkov and Ilia Chernousov under his supervision.
World Cup results.
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).


Matthias Hofbauer

Matthias Hofbauer (born 22 May 1981) is a Swiss professional floorball forward currently playing for the SV Wiler-Ersigen of the Nationalliga A (NLA).
His younger brother Christoph is floorball player.
International play.
Hofbauer has represented his country 45 times. He played his first game for the national team in 2000. At the 2004 World Championships, where Switzerland loss in the bronze medal game, Hofbauer was named best forward and a member of the all-star team; he was the tournament's leading scorer.


Subaru Freeskiing World Tour

The Freeskiing World Tour is the largest and longest running competitive big mountain freeskiing tour in the history of the sport. Founded in 1997, the FWT, created and produced by Mountain Sports International, Inc., is heading into its 19th year with alumni including Shane McConkey, Brant Moles, Kent Kreitler, Chris Davenport, Seth Morrison, Rex Wehrman, Dean Cummings, Dave Swanwick, Wendy Fisher, Ingrid Backstrom, Dana Flahr, Kaj Zackrison, Karina Hollekim, Marja Persson, Julien Lopez, Guerlain Chicherit, Sebi Hyver, Chopo Diaz, Griffin Post, Drew Stoecklein, Crystal Wright and Hannah Whitney. The FWT also features the coveted Sickbird Award which honors the athlete with the most spirit, style and wow-factor.


Aaron Schoenfeld

Aaron Maxwell Schoenfeld (, born April 17, 1990) is an American-Israeli professional soccer player who plays as a forward for Austin FC of Major League Soccer. He is eligible to play for the Israel national team through his Jewish ancestry.
Early life.
Schoenfeld is Jewish, and was born in Knoxville, Tennessee, to Robert and Sherry. Schoenfeld's family are members of Temple Beth El in Knoxville. In an interview, Schoenfeld described his Jewish upbringing as being very traditional with his family regularly attending synagogue, keeping kosher, and respecting the Sabbath.
For high school, Schoenfeld attended Bearden High School and had an outstanding soccer career there, highlighted by a Tennessee state championship and a state championship final appearance.
He played on the collegiate level at East Tennessee State University, scoring 20 goals with 10 assists in 72 games for the East Tennessee State Buccaneers.
Playing career.
Club.
Schoenfeld was originally drafted by Montreal Impact in the second round (20th pick overall) of the 2012 MLS Supplemental Draft.
On March 23, 2012, Columbus Crew announced they had signed Schoenfeld after acquiring his rights from the Impact in exchange for a conditional pick in the 2013 MLS Supplemental Draft. He made his professional debut the day after his signing. He came on as a substitute for Emilio Renteria in the 69th minute against Montreal Impact, the team that had recently traded him. The Crew went on to win 2–0.
While on loan with the Dayton Dutch Lions in 2014, Schoenfeld became the club's record holder for goals scored in a single season (12). Upon his return to the Columbus Crew, Schoenfeld scored a brace against the New York Red Bulls. He would later cite this as a highlight of his career, as after the match he received complimentary feedback from New York striker, Thierry Henry.
In 2015, Schoenfeld signed with Maccabi Netanya following a brief trial. Schoenfeld was given temporary Israeli resident status by the Israeli Ministry of Interior on January 14, 2016, so he would not count as a foreigner for Netanya. Upon signing, Schoenfeld told the Israeli media, "having grown up in a Zionist Jewish family, I have always wanted to come and play soccer in Israel."
On January 23, 2016, Schoenfeld made his Premier League debut for Netanya, coming on as a substitute for Itzik Cohen in a 1-0 loss to Hapoel Kfar Saba at Levita Stadium. After just two matches with Netanya, Schoenfeld signed a two and a half year deal with Hapoel Tel Aviv and was sold together with Netanya youth player, Fadi Najar, in exchange for ₪1 million.
Schoenfeld made his debut with Hapoel Tel Aviv in a Tel Aviv derby on February 7, 2016 scoring the opening goal in the second minute. He joined Maccabi Tel Aviv on Feb 2017.
On February 12, 2020, Schoenfeld returned to Major League Soccer, signing with Minnesota United FC. Minnesota acquired Schoenfeld's MLS rights from Columbus Crew in exchange for a second round pick in the 2021 MLS SuperDraft and additional considerations. Following their 2020 season, Minnesota opted to decline their contract option on Schoenfeld.
On February 4, 2021, Schoenfeld joined MLS side Austin FC as a free agent ahead of their inaugural season.
International.
Media reports of Schoenfeld being called up to the Israeli national team for a friendly against Croatia started to surface on February 14, 2016, but has to date never received an invitation by the Israeli team.
Honours.
Club.
Maccabi Tel Aviv
Personal life.
Schoenfeld is married to fellow soccer player Abby Dahlkemper. They announced their engagement in December 2020, and got married on January 5, 2021.


Syed Shahid Ali

Syed Shahid Ali, was born in Pakistan on 29 December 1946. He played hockey, football and polo, which he also played at a national level. In 1996 he entered into the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
Education.
He studied at the University of the Punjab in Lahore and received his master in Economics in 1969. In 1970, he went to the University of Oxford, where he worked for the University’s Institute for Economics and Statistics on a project for the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. In 1972, he received a graduate diploma in the field of economic development, and in 1973, he graduated from the University of Manchester with a degree in scientific management.
Career.
After his training, Ali worked in various management positions at several companies, including from 1973-1976, where he was the management trainee at Coats Patons Limited in Great Britain. He held various positions at Treet Corporation, and also worked in various private specialized auto and motorcycle industries. In Karachi, Pakistan's largest city, he was chairman of the board of the Liaquat National Hospital and the Gulab Devi Hospital in Lahore, Pakistan Red Crescent Society, and Patron-in-chief for the Government Shadab Training Institute for Mentally Challenged Children.
Sport.
Syed Shahid Ali actively played polo. He was the team captain of the Oxford University polo team. As a member of the Pakistani national polo team, he played against teams from Brazil, Jordan, Nigeria, India, Australia, the USA, Iran, Brunei, South Africa and the United Kingdom in 1972.
Ali has been the patron of the South Asian Wrestling Federation since 1993. In 1996 Syed Shahid Ali was elected an IOC member. Since 2008 he has also been a member of the IOC Foundation for Truce (IOTF).
References.


Vitaly Khomitsevich

Vitaly Walerjewicz Khomitsevich is a six Russian ice speedway world champion.
Khomitsevich won the Individual Ice Speedway World Championship title in 2003 and the Team Ice Racing World Championship titles with Russia in 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007 and 2008.
His younger brother is another multiple world champion Dmitry Khomitsevich.


European Universities Basketball Championships

The European Universities Basketball Championships were the first championships, along with the European Universities Volleyball Championships, to be included on the EUSA Sports Program. Organised annually since 2001, the European Universities Basketball Championships are coordinated by the European University Sports Association, along with the 18 other sports on the program of the European Universities Championships.


Toronto Rush

The Toronto Rush is a semi-professional ultimate franchise based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The Rush joined the American Ultimate Disc League’s East division in the 2013 season – becoming the first Canadian AUDL team to join. They went undefeated that year, and continued their streak into the playoffs to take home the 2013 AUDL Championship in their introductory season. The Rush franchise has been the model of consistency. With five consecutive East Division titles, three appearances in League Championship Finals, and one AUDL title in 2013, fans have come to expect to seeing this team excel on and off the field. Robert Lloyd is the current chairman of the Rush. Their head coach for the 2020 season is Adrian Yearwood.


Mark Foster (swimmer)

Mark Andrew Foster (born 12 May 1970) is an English former competitive swimmer who represented Great Britain in the Olympics and world championships, and swam for England in the Commonwealth Games. Foster is a former world champion and won multiple medals in international competition during his long career. He competed primarily in butterfly and freestyle at 50 metres.
Foster is a specialist short-course (25 metre pool) swimmer. In terms of medals and longevity (1986–2008), he is amongst the most successful British swimmers of all time. He was the fastest swimmer in the country by age 15. He made a comeback at the national championships in July 2007 winning both events he competed in after barely training. He achieved the fifth best time in 2007 in the world at 50 metres freestyle and retired for the second time after the 2008 Olympics. He has six World Championship titles, two Commonwealth titles and eleven European titles to his name.
Early career.
Foster was born in Billericay, Essex, and was first taught by Ann Hardcastle, the mother of Sarah Hardcastle, at a pool in Southend-on-Sea. He was the fastest swimmer in the country by age 15.
Foster was educated at Alleyn Court Preparatory School in Westcliff on Sea, Millfield School, Kelly College and Southend High School for Boys where he excelled in athletics, football and tennis..
National Championships.
Foster dominated the short distances in the National Championships winning the 50 metres freestyle title 14 times from 1986 until 2004 and the 50 metres butterfly title ten times from 1992 until 2002.
International career.
First selected for the British team in 1985, Foster's breakthrough came in 1990 when he won his first individual international medal - bronze - in the Commonwealth Games in Auckland. He finished the 50 metres freestyle with a time of 23.16 seconds. He had previously won bronze as part of the 100 metre freestyle relay in the Edinburgh games four years previous, but cites the 1990 medal as his first great sporting moment.
Success followed rapidly and in the next few years, Foster broke the World Short Course freestyle record four times, the World Short Course butterfly record twice, and set the World Long Course butterfly record (in 1996) with a time of 24.07 seconds.
Foster trained at The Race Club, a Florida swim camp founded by Olympic Swimmers Gary Hall, Jr. and his father, Gary Hall, Sr. The Race Club, originally known as "The World Team," was designed to serve as a training group for elite swimmers across the world in preparation for the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games. To be able to train with the Race Club, one must either have been ranked in the top 20 in the world the past 3 calendar years or top 3 in their nation in the past year. The Race Club included such well known swimmers as Foster, Roland Mark Schoeman, Ryk Neethling, and Therese Alshammar.
Despite success at Commonwealth, European and World championship level mostly at short courses, Olympic titles eluded him and he has never won a medal.
In 2004, Foster faced the disappointment of not being selected for the Olympic Games. At the British Olympic Trials, he won the 50 free in 22.49 seconds, well under the Olympic qualifying standard but seven hundredths of a second below the standard National Team Director Bill Sweetenham had set for inclusion in the British Olympic Team. Foster has openly criticised Sweetenham's management style and Sweetenham ensured that he was not selected.
Nonetheless, Foster responded to his omission from the Olympic squad with a gold medal in the World Short Course Championships in Indianapolis later that year. In the 50 metre freestyle, he achieved 21.58 seconds, ahead of Stefan Nystrand of Sweden. Although Foster announced his retirement from swimming after the European short course championships in April 2006 at the age of 35, he still occasionally competed that year at invitational meets.
Foster returned from "retirement" in 2007 with an aim to win an Olympic medal at the 2008 Olympic Games. Returning to the British squad he won a silver medal in the 50 m freestyle at the 2008 FINA Short Course World Championships, and qualified to represent Great Britain at the same distance in the Olympics. At the opening ceremony on 8 August, he carried the flag for Great Britain during the Parade of Nations. He failed to qualify for the men's 50 m freestyle semi-finals, finishing almost two-tenths of a second outside the top 16.
Charity work.
In May 2009, Foster became patron of The Anaphylaxis Campaign, the UK charity for people with severe allergies. He won £10,000 for the campaign by participating in Who Wants to be a Millionaire?, broadcast on ITV on 8 September 2009. In 1999, Foster's friend, Scottish athlete Ross Baillie died from anaphylaxis shortly after the pair had gone out for lunch.
In October 2008, Foster was a celebrity judge for the Miele Fashion Prize, in aid of children's medical charity, Sparks.
In June 2009, Foster supported ActionAid's PoverTee Day by having a T-shirt painted on his torso.
Foster is also an ambassador for the UK charity SportsAid, which supported him in the early days of his career, helping talented young sports people to achieve their ambitions.
Media appearances.
In 2000 he made a guest appearance on the first series of "Techno Games".
On 4 April 2008, Foster appeared on the ITV show "Beat the Star" in which he won 18-3, appearing as the 'star'. On 20 May 2008, he appeared as a guest home owner on the BBC Two show "Through the Keyhole".
In the Summer of 2008, he appeared on the new series of "Superstars" on Channel 5.
In December 2008, Foster appeared on a "Strictly Come Dancing" special of "The Weakest Link" in December 2008, beating Anton du Beke in the final round. He had previously appeared on an Olympic special, but did not win.
On 12 February 2009, Foster co-presented "BBC Look East"'s 6.30 pm bulletin, with Susie Fowler-Watt.
Foster was a contestant on the BBC One programme "Let's Dance for Sport Relief" as a member of the dance group 'The Olympians'.
Foster regularly appears on BBC TV regional news and local radio in his role of Ambassador of Pools 4 Schools, a programme run by Total Swimming with the Amateur Swimming Association to increase participation in swimming amongst primary school children.
Foster appears in advertisements for Wellman nutritional products.
On 23 March 2012, Foster made a guest appearance on ITV2's "Celebrity Juice".
On 27 July 2012, Foster appeared on a Paralympic special of the Channel 4 game show "The Million Pound Drop" with "Countdown" presenter Rachel Riley.
Foster often appears as an analyst for BBC Sport's coverage of Swim meets.
"Strictly Come Dancing".
Foster competed in the sixth series of "Strictly Come Dancing" with professional dancer Hayley Holt. He was voted off by the judges in the dance-off on week 6. He participated in the "Strictly Come Dancing" arena tour in 2012, dancing with Natalie Lowe.
Personal life.
As a teenager, Foster was involved with the police for using money obtained by deception. In 2002 Foster lived in Bath, UK, sharing a flat with former 110m hurdles Olympic silver medalist and World champion athlete Colin Jackson.
In November 2017, Foster came out as gay.


Pink Ribbon (snooker)

The Pink Ribbon is a pro–am snooker tournament held at The Capital Venue in Gloucester, England. Established in 2010, the tournament raises funds for breast cancer charities and the players all wear pink shirts to show their support. The reigning champion is Stuart Bingham, who won the final against Mark Allen 4–3.


Denmark Open (darts)

The Denmark Open is a darts tournament that has been held since 1974 in Denmark.


Chicago Union

The Chicago Union is a professional ultimate team that competes in the Central Division of the American Ultimate Disc League. The team was originally branded as the Windy City Wildfire and then changed to the Chicago Wildfire. In their first year, the Wildfire had the best record in the then-Midwest Division and qualified for the playoffs in its first three seasons.
History.
Founding and inaugural season.
In March 2012, Steve Gordon purchased the territory rights based in Chicago as part of the first wave of expansion to begin play in the 2013 season. The Windy City Wildfire found a home field at Lane Tech College Prep. The inaugural season began in April 2013, and culminated with a 14-2 regular season record. The season ended with a first round playoff loss to the Madison Radicals.
2014–2016.
Going into the 2014 season, team ownership made the decision to legally change the name of the franchise to the Chicago Wildfire. The second season provided a strong 9-5 record and gave the team a second place finish in the division. The team ended the season with a first round playoff loss to the New York Empire.
In 2015, the organization decided to shift 5 of their 7 home games to Benedictine University, which is located in Lisle, Illinois. The season yielded an 8-5-1 record, allowing for a third place finish in the division, and a post season appearance against the Pittsburgh Thunderbirds. The post season was short lived, as the Chicago Wildfire fell to the Thunderbirds, ending their 2015 season.
For the 2016 season, all home games were moved back to the original home field of Lane Tech College Prep. The Wildfire fell to a record of 4-10 which tied them for 5th in the division with the Detroit Mechanix, and did not make the playoffs.
2017 season.
On January 1, 2017, Steve Gordon signed on Trent Kuhl as General Manager of the Chicago Wildfire. Former player and Assistant Coach Adrian King was named Head Coach, while Andrew "AJ" Nelson joined the coaching ranks as Assistant Coach. Returner Jack Shey and first time player Pawel Janas were elected as captains for the 2017 season. The Wildfire finished 3-11, but the future looked bright for the young core of talent on the team.
2018 season.
For the 2018 season, Adrian King returned as head coach. The team improved with a 5-9 record for the season.
2019 season.
In 2019, former player, Dave Woods, took the reigns from Adrian King and became the head coach of the Chicago Wildfire. Pawel Janas had a record breaking season for assists. The Wildfire finished at 7-5 and earned their first playoff bid since 2015. Unfortunately, the team fell to Pittsburgh losing 21-20, ending their season.
The offseason allowed the Chicago Wildfire to take the big stage against the Indianapolis Alley Cats. The two teams battled at Soldier Field during the Chicago Bears halftime show. Over 60,000 fans got to witness an AUDL game as the Wildfire defeated the Alley Cats in the exhibition.
2020 season.
The 2020 season was expected to be a solid year for the Chicago Wildfire. However, weeks before the season was set to start, the league canceled the season due to the COVID-19 pandemic affecting the world. The Chicago Wildfire decided to retire the name and create an opportunity for a rebranding moment. After receiving many options from fans, the new era for Chicago professional ultimate will be represented by the Chicago Union.


Langort

Langort is a position in the German School of historical fencing. In the Langort position, the point of the sword is extended. The term appears first in Royal Armouries Ms. I.33.
In the system of Johannes Liechtenauer, according to Ms. Nürnberger Handschrift GNM 3227a, it is identified with "vom tage" as one of the four basic wards.


Tallinn International Horse Show

Tallinn International Horse Show is an international equestrian sports competition which annually takes place in Saku Suurhall, Tallinn, Estonia. The first competition took place on 18-20 October 2002.
Winners.
The winners of Horse Show Grand Prix and FEI World Cup:


Sandra Uptagrafft

Sandra Uptagrafft (born April 12, 1971) is an American sport shooter. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed in the Women's 10 metre air pistol, and finished in 28th place. She also competed in the Women's 25 metre pistol event and also finished 28th in that. She has won gold and silver medals in the Pan American Games.
Personal life.
Uptagrafft graduated from Beverly Hills High School in 1989 and from Troy State University in 1998. She is married to fellow sports shooter Eric Uptagrafft and is based in Phenix City, Alabama. She is a Staff Sergeant in the US Army Reserves.


Bianca Jakobsson

Bianca Jakobsson (born 30 March 1993) is an Australian rules footballer playing for the St Kilda Football Club in the AFL Women's competition (AFLW). She previously played for Carlton and Melbourne.
AFLW career.
Carlton.
Jakobsson was drafted by Carlton with the club's first selection, the third overall in the 2016 AFL Women's draft. She made her debut in Round 1, 2017, in the club and the league's inaugural match at Ikon Park, against . Jakobsson is of Swedish descent. She finished the 2017 season having played in all seven of her side's matches that year.
Melbourne.
In May 2017, Jakobsson was traded to in exchange for a second round pick (number 12 overall) in the forthcoming 2017 AFL Women's draft.
Jakobsson's partner Darcy Guttridge also plays for AFLW club St Kilda.
Personal life.
Jakobsson currently is studying for a Bachelor of Exercise Sport Science at Deakin University.


Igor Vysotsky

Igor Yakovlevich Vysotsky (born 10 September 1953 in Yagodnoye, Magadan Oblast) is a retired Soviet boxer who competed from 1971 to 1980, best known for twice defeating the triple Olympic Champion Teófilo Stevenson, being the only boxer out of more than two hundred Stevenson's opponents to ever knock him out, though himself never participated in the Olympics. Standing 5 feet 11¼ inches tall, and weighing around 202-213 lbs at his prime, he was the Soviet Heavyweight Champion in 1978, ranked the #1 Soviet heavyweight of the late 1970s from the American standpoint, and had an amateur record of 161–24. Representing the Trud Sports Club, Vysotsky was known and widely recognized for his aggressive style, punching power, stamina and durable chin, having 24 losses in his record he had never experienced any other than standing defeat (never has been knocked down in his career.) While apart of the 1978 he never stepped-up semi-finals at the national championships, being constantly outpointed by technically skilled opponents, his unorthodox style and mentioned strengths counted for he always was chosen to compete versus U.S. heavyweights in the USA–USSR match-ups, presenting a considerable level of opposition when it came to trading punches.
Early years.
Igor Vysotsky was born to a family of exile settlers. His father Yakov Antonovich Vysotsky, a Soviet Jew, also an amateur boxer, was a Soviet Naval Infantryman, serving with the Red Navy, fought the Germans during the World War II, after being severely wounded he was taken a prisoner of war. It was rumored that while being stationed at a POW camp, he was used as a human-dummy sparring partner for the German Heavyweight Champion Max Schmeling. He tried to escape several times, his ninth escape attempt was successful, however, Yakov Vysotsky was moved to a Soviet filtration camp, and then to the Far Eastern part of the USSR, to a GULAG camp at Kolyma, where he met Meeta Joganovna Suve, an exiled Estonian woman, whom he married, and she became mother of Igor Vysotsky. From the age of six, Igor has been trained daily by Yakov Antonovich, who became a mentor for his son. Igor Vysotsky went to a gym at 12 years old, weighing 163 lbs. He lost at his debut at the 1966 Magadan city championship.
Vysotsky graduated from the Magadan Teachers Training Institute, where he studied to become a PE teacher.
Boxing career.
The first nation-wide boxing event for Igor Vysotsky was a matchup in Alma-Ata in 1971. In 1972 he won silver at the Soviet Youth Boxing Tournament in Moscow. In 1973 he entered his first international boxing event.
Vysotsky's first bout with Stevenson was in July 1973, he defeated Teófilo by a 3–2 decision. Their second and final meeting was in April 1976. Vysotsky stopped Stevenson in the third round.
Shortly before the 1976 Montreal Olympics, Vysotsky was badly cut in a sparring session, which prevented his participation in the Olympics (bloody cuts were a chief problem for Vysotsky throughout his career due to the anatomic features of his massive brow ridges, resulting in a number of referee-stopped contests). The Cubans didn't know about the injury and sent two heavyweights to Montreal, Stevenson and Ángel Milián Rivero. Had Vysotskiy participated, Stevenson would have sat on the alternate's bench.
In 1976, he stopped future WBA Heavyweight Champion Tony Tubbs in two rounds. The following year, he fought another future WBA Heavyweight Champion, Greg Page, losing by a split decision. Both bouts were in Las Vegas, Nevada and were part of a series of matches between the American and Soviet teams.
His prime years were in the mid-1970s, by November 1975 Vysotsky has won 98 amateur fights against just 13 losses. All of his losses by that time have been against other Soviet fighters, he said. Curiosity of the situation in 1975, when he became the top-ranked heavyweight amateur boxer in the world acclaimed by AIBA, highly touted by the Western press, the signs in front of the Madison Square Garden all hailed his coming to the United States, but oddly enough, the Soviet boxing authorities named the #1 heavyweight boxer in the USSR Yevgeniy Gorstkov, who has met Vysotsky once and stopped him on cuts. Gorstkov modestly said his victory over Vysotsky was luck. "Anybody can win any given fight. This time, I just had the luck." And as Vysotsky never has been knocked down, but the Russians admit he has a tendency to cut. Both his eyes are surrounded by scar tissue, which some have suggested should be removed by surgery. But Gorstkov, a 25-year-old veteran with a 120–17 record in an eight-year career, is relatively unmarked. "Everybody has a different opinion about how to fight Vysotsky. But you have to see him to really know how to fight him," Gorstkov said.
In June 1978, Muhammad Ali went on a ten-day to the Soviet Union. While there, he exhibited several rounds vis-à-vis Vysotsky. While watching the bout in retrospect Ali told Howard Cosell: "He hits real hard."
Vysotsky's last fight was at the 1980 National Championships. He lost to Yevgeniy Gorstkov again due to a cut. After retirement Vysotsky worked as a coach and sport functionary, particularly as vice-president of the Boxing Federation of Moscow Oblast.
After the retirement from competition, he established Yakov Vysotskiy Memorial annual open boxing memorial (to commemorate his father) at his hometown of Yagodnoye.
Highlights.
Notable bouts include:
Usov Memorial Tournament (+81 kg), Minsk, Belarus SSR, October 1971:
 VI Giraldo Córdova Cardín Tournament (+81 kg), Santiago de Cuba, Cuba, July 1973:
 Black Diamonds Tournament (+81 kg), Katowice, Poland, June 1974:
 Dutch Open (+81 kg), Amsterdam, Netherlands, October 1974:
 Usov Memorial Tournament (+81 kg), Minsk, Belarus SSR, April 1976:
 Golden Belt Tournament (+81 kg), Bucharest, Romania, April 1977:
X Giraldo Córdova Cardín Tournament (+81 kg), Matanzas, Cuba, July 1977:
 Vaclav Prochazka Tournament (+81 kg), Ostrava, Czechoslovakia, September 1977:
World Championships (+81 kg), Belgrade, Yugoslavia, May 1978:
 International Tournament (+91 kg), Alma-Ata, Kazakh SSR, March 1979:
XII Giraldo Córdova Cardín Tournament (+81 kg), Havana, Cuba, May 1979:
USA–USSR Duals.
Vysotsky won eight out of his first ten bouts with American boxers, six of them by knockout.
Vysotsky says his most difficult opponents were Ángel Milián Rivero, whom he fought several times winning once, and Yevgeniy Gorstkov. After Cubans found out that Rivero posed a real challenge for Vysotsky, they brought him up to every event where Soviets sent or could have sent Vysotsky. Interestingly, Rivero himself met Stevenson ten times at various national match-ups, winning just one of them by walkover, scoring four draws, and losing five times, twice by knockout.
Rivalry with Stevenson.
Teófilo Stevenson was known for two fights with Vysotsky, who defeated Stevenson twice. Vysotsky later revealed in his interview to "East Side Boxing":
Vysotsky employed evasive infighting tactics during his standoffs versus Stevenson, by cutting distance and constantly ducking under Stevenson's left hand, thus escaping from his devastating jabs and straight punches, and then driving upwards, getting him with short, effective hooks. Jimmy Clark, an American heavyweight from West Chester, Pa., who once defeated Vysotsky, challenged Stevenson three times in 1978 in 1980, said: "If Vysotsky can do it, so can I," but did not succeed.


Sandra Fong

Sandra Fong (born April 15, 1990, in New York, New York) is an American Olympic sport shooter.
She is a multiple-time American junior record holder, and a three-time medalist (one gold and two silver) for the small-bore rifle prone and rifle three positions at the U.S. National Shooting Championships. At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Fong competed in the women's 50 m rifle 3 positions, finishing in 21st place. She won a gold medal, as a member of the U.S. rifle shooting team, at the 2010 ISSF World Shooting Championships in Munich, Germany.
Family life and education.
Fong was born and raised on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, New York by her parents Nicole Bergman, an attorney, and Yuman Fong, a resident surgeon at the Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center, emigrating from Hong Kong. She began rifle shooting with her siblings and father as a family sport. Her older sister, Abigail Fong, is a past U.S. national shooting champion, a member of the Princeton University rifle team, and a resident athlete at the U.S. Olympic Training Center in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Her younger sister, Danielle Fong, who has cerebral palsy, is a member of the U.S. Paralympic team (Beijing, 2008).
In 2008, Fong graduated from Hunter College High School in Manhattan, where she also competed for track and field and swimming. She attended Princeton University as a pre-medicine student and theater and anthropology major, and eventually joined her sister Abigail to become a member for the University's rifle shooting club, graduating in 2013. She attended the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, after having been admitted to Mount Sinai in her sophomore year at Princeton. She is currently a general surgery resident at Massachusetts General Hospital.
She is Jewish, and is a member of Temple Shaaray Tefila in New York City.
Shooting career.
Since beginning the sport, Fong had competed in numerous shooting tournaments, where she achieved junior records and top finishes for the small-bore rifle prone and rifle three positions, including three medals (one gold and two silver) at the U.S. National Shooting Championships (2006–08).
At the age of eighteen, Fong reached her breakthrough in shooting, when she edged out her sister Abigail by three tenths of a point (0.3) in the rifle three positions at the U.S. Olympic Team Trials in Fort Benning, Georgia, with a score of 672.7 points. Finishing second from the trials, she guaranteed a qualifying place for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, as the youngest member of the U.S. shooting team.
At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Fong competed in the women's 50 m rifle 3 positions, along with her teammate Jamie Beyerle. She was able to shoot 196 targets each in prone and kneeling position, and 185 in standing, for a total score of 577 points, finishing in twenty-first place.
Two years after competing in her first Olympics, Fong captured two silver medals for the small-bore rifle prone and rifle three positions at the 2010 Championships of the Americas (CAT Games) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. She also helped the U.S. rifle shooting team (along with Jamie Beyerle and Amy Sowash) win the gold medal, and set a world record of 1,758 points at the 2010 ISSF World Shooting Championships in Munich, Germany.


International Trophy of Lyon

The International Trophy of Lyon (or International Ice Dance Cup) is an annual international ice dancing competition. Organized by the Fédération Française Sports de Glace association, it is held every year in Lyon, France, in November, December, or January. Skaters compete on the senior, junior, and novice levels.


NASCAR Legends

NASCAR Legends is a NASCAR racing simulator developed by Papyrus Design Group for Windows-based personal computers and released by Sierra On-Line in late 1999. It was based on the 1970 NASCAR Grand National Series (the precursor to the NASCAR Cup Series), and featured drivers, cars, and venues from that year. The game used the same game engine as "NASCAR Racing 3". However, the game play reflects the performance of the 1970 race cars.
Players can choose to drive and also customize the four different cars available, with the game choosing the aero version of the car for speedways and road courses, using the base car for the short tracks. The game includes 16 of the 48 real events from the 1970 season, such as Bowman Gray Stadium, North Wilkesboro Speedway and the Riverside Raceway road course.
Reviews.
The game received very strong reviews when released, with IGN giving it an 8.9, GameSpot a 9/10, amongst other strong reviews.


Jason Parker (sport shooter)

Jason Parker (born June 27, 1974) is an American sport shooter, one of the world's leading 10 m Air Rifle shooters, although he has also had some successes in Three positions competitions. He has never won an Olympic medal, but he won the Air Rifle event at the 2002 ISSF World Shooting Championships. He has also held the final world record in this event on several occasions. He lost it to Zhu Qinan of China at the 2004 Olympics, but at an ISSF World Cup competition the following spring he equalled Zhu's 702.7 points, and they shared the world record until October 2006.
In addition to air rifle competition, Jason Parker, who is a SFC in the United States Army, also has participated in rifle shoots at 300m, as in the case of the three position standard rifle slow fire event in Conseil International du Sport Militaire shooting competition in Switzerland in 2008, in which he scored a silver medal.
Jason Parker, a graduate of Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio, was a member of Xavier's Rifle team from 1992–1996.
Parker earned seven All-American citations as a member of the Xavier rifle team, the most for any shooter in school history. Parker, who is now a member of the U.S. Army Marksmanship Unit, was an All-American in smallbore rifle shooting as a freshman in 1993, then earned honors for both smallbore and air rifle in his final three seasons.
Parker was a member of the team that placed first in air rifle in the 1996 NCAA Championship. In individual NCAA competition, Parker placed second in smallbore in 1993, and in air rifle he placed third in 1994, fourth in 1995 and fifth in 1996.
On the international level Parker was a member of the 1998 Munich World Cup Air Rifle Championship Team. While there he won a Gold Medal and set two new world records. Parker scored a world-record 700.6 points to defeat Slovenia's Rajmond Debevec and win his event. Also, Parker's qualifying score of 598 out of 600 points set a new world mark.
Following his performance in Munich, Parker was named 1998 USA Shooting Male Rifle Shooter of the Year and was also featured in Sports Illustrated's "Faces in the Crowd". Parker followed the honor up by winning a gold medal at the 1999 Masters European Air Rifle Championship. The U.S. Olympic Committee named Parker Shooter of the Year in 1999.
Parker also participated in the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. He posted the third best qualifying score in Men's 10 meter air rifle before placing fifth in the finals, falling .7 points short of the bronze medal.


Halyna Kukhar

Halyna Vladyslavivna Kukhar or Hrzhybovska (), née Galina Vladislavovna Grzhibovskaya (; born 12 July 1951) is a Ukrainian figure skating coach and former competitive skater who represented the Soviet Union. She is the 1968 Soviet champion and competed at the 1968 Winter Olympics.
Personal life.
Kukhar was born on 12 July 1951 in Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union, as Galina Vladislavovna Grzhibovskaya (Ukrainian: Halyna Vladyslavivna Hrzhybovska). She married the chief engineer of the Kiev Ballet on Ice, Heorhiy Kukhar, and settled in Kiev, Ukraine.
Career.
Grzhibovskaya was taught by Svetlana Mozer (mother of Nina Mozer) in a large children's group in Moscow until Tatiana Tolmacheva took the young skater in her own group.
In the 1967–68 season, Grzhibovskaya won the Soviet national ladies' title and placed 12th at the 1968 European Championships. She was then sent to the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, where she finished 16th. She then joined Stanislav Zhuk.
The following season, Grzhibovskaya placed 14th at both the 1969 European Championships and 1969 World Championships. Unable to adapt to his authoritarian style, she left Zhuk's group and joined the Kiev Ballet on Ice, where she skated for 23 years.
In the early 1990s, Kukhar began a coaching career in Kiev. Her former students include:


Barrel jumping

Barrel jumping is a discipline of speed skating, where ice skaters build up speed to jump over a length of multiple barrels lined up, usually side by side like rollers. Occasionally barrels would also be stacked pyramid-style for height. The objective is to jump over the most barrels without landing on the barrels. At the far end, the skaters need not land on their skates. Most jumpers would wear helmets and padding on their posterior to cushion the landing on the ice. At the end of the ice was a padded bumper.
The origins came from Dutch skating races involving obstacles to negotiate by jumping including mounds of snow and beer barrels. The sport started in the 1920s as extra-curricular activity following speedskating races where corners of the courses were defined with barrels. The competitors would then line the barrels horizontally on the ice and compete for jumping distance counted by the number of barrels cleared without contact. The first recorded record was 14 barrels by Ed Lamy in 1925.
A standard barrel is made of a fiber composition material and 16 inches in diameter.
The sport became popular when it was televised as part of ABC's "Wide World of Sports" starting in the 1960s. Following the 1932 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, double Olympic speed skating gold medalist Irving Jaffee took a job as Winter Sports Director at the Borscht Belt entertainment mecca Grossinger's Catskill Resort Hotel. One of his innovations was to hold the World Barrel Jumping Championships. When his friend Roone Arledge began producing Wide World of Sports, it became a staple, first broadcast on January 14, 1962. It turned out to be a natural made for TV event years before Evel Knievel would gain attention for distance jumping objects like trucks and busses with a motorcycle on the same show. Localized and nationalized competitions spread. Eventually the world championships would be hosted at other venues.
A group of jumpers called the Barrel Busters toured ice skating events in a form of barnstorming. For further entertainment value, hoops of fire were added to the performances.
The Canadian Barrel Jumping Federation went to the 1992 Winter Olympics to make a presentation on introducing the sport into Olympic competition but Olympic officials were so afraid of injuries from the sport, they even canceled the live demonstration. Tor Aune, a member of the Organizing Committee said “It appeared to be a brutal sort of sport. Everybody seems to fall on their backside.”


2008 Team Ice Racing World Championship

The 2008 Team Ice Racing World Championship was the 30th edition of the Team World Championship. The final was held on ?, 2008, in Krasnogorsk, in Russia. Russia won their 14th title.


Tadd Fujikawa

Tadd Fujikawa (born January 8, 1991) is an American professional golfer. Playing as an amateur at age 15, he qualified for the 2006 U.S. Open, the youngest golfer ever to do so. In 2007, at age 16 and 4 days, he made the cut in a PGA Tour event at the Sony Open in Hawaii, the second youngest player to ever achieve that feat. As of April 2013, he is the third youngest. In September 2018, Fujikawa came out as gay, becoming the first male professional golfer to do so.
Early life.
Fujikawa was born in Honolulu, Hawaii. He was born three months premature and doctors gave him a 50-50 chance of survival. He weighed 1 pound, 15 ounces and was so small that he could fit in his grandfather's palm. His parents worried that he would grow up with a mental disability. Partially as a result of his premature birth, at age 18 Fujikawa stood tall. As of March 2007 he stated his weight was 150 pounds.
Amateur career.
In 2006 aged 15, Fujikawa qualified for the U.S. Open at Winged Foot by winning the Hawaii sectional qualifier(67-69-136), becoming the youngest player in history to qualify for the tournament. At the U.S. Open, Fujikawa shot 81-77(158) and missed the cut by nine strokes.
Fujikawa made his second PGA Tour start (2006 U.S. Open was the first) at the 2007 Sony Open in Hawaii, having gained entry by shooting 67 in the Open Qualifier (PGA Tour Exemption Category #17). In the second round of the Sony Open itself, Fujikawa became the youngest player in nearly 50 years to make a PGA Tour cut. A birdie on the 16th hole put him within the cut line, but it was his 15-foot eagle on the 18th hole that was his most memorable shot of the day. With that shot, Fujikawa secured a 4-under-par 66 and made the cut by three shots.
Fujikawa followed up his history-making cut by shooting a second straight 66 in the third round, a score which, on that day, was bettered only by tournament leader Charles Howell III. Fujikawa made a 51-foot birdie on the 11th hole, finishing the third round tied for eighth place, along with Chad Campell and Tom Pernice Jr.
Fujikawa shot 2-over-72 in Sunday's final round, which only included 2 birdies. He finished the tournament tied for 20th place at 5-under-275.
One month after his record-breaking showing at the Sony Open in Hawaii, Fujikawa won the Hawaii Pearl Open, Hawaii's most lucrative local golf tournament, held annually since 1979. Fujikawa was the first amateur since 1992 to win the tournament.
Professional career.
2007.
On July 12, 2007, Fujikawa announced that he would be turning pro. He made his debut at the Reno-Tahoe Open where he missed the cut.
After missing the cut in each of his first three events as a professional, Fujikawa recorded a hole in one on the 17th hole in the first round of this Nationwide Tour event. He went on to shoot 70 and 71 in the first two rounds and missed the cut again, this time by 3 strokes.
In September 2007, he hit an albatross at the Omega European Masters in Switzerland on the European Tour. It was not enough to make the cut though. He also missed the cut at the Children's Miracle Network Classic which was the last official 2007 PGA Tour event.
2008.
On April 20, 2008, Fujikawa made his first cut as a professional and earned his first professional victory by winning the 50th annual Mid-Pacific Open in Hawaii. The Mid-Pacific Open is tournament run by the Mid-Pacific Country Club in Hawaii, with a mixed field of amateurs and professionals, mostly from Hawaii. Fujikawa's final score for the tournament was ten under-par 278. The second-place finisher was former PGA Tour tournament winner, 52-year-old David Ishii. At age 17, Fujikawa became the youngest winner in tournament history. The tournament is not affiliated with any organized golf tour and is played mostly by Hawaiian amateurs and professionals, both adults and juniors. Punahou High School seniors Stephanie Kono and Anna Jang also made history at the tournament as the first females to play and Kono was the first female to make a cut. Kono finished 33rd.
2009.
In January 2009, Fujikawa Monday qualified for the Sony Open in Hawaii. He made the cut for the second time in three years, carding 71-69 to make the cut by one shot in blustery conditions. In the third round, he shot an 8-under 62, tying the course record, and moving him to within two shots of the leader. In the fourth round, he shot 73 and finished in a tie for 32nd place. On April 19, 2009, Fujikawa successfully defended his title and earned his second professional win at the 51st annual Mid-Pacific Open. Fujikawa's final score was twelve under par 276. Fujikawa won by nine shots over former PGA Tour tournament winner, David Ishii. In the first week of June, Fujikawa won another local event in Hawaii, the two-round Maui Open. In October, he went to PGA Tour Qualifying School in an attempt to earn his PGA Tour card for 2010. He failed to advance beyond the first stage of the three-stage process, missing the necessary score by six shots.
2010.
In January 2010, Fujikawa missed the cut by six strokes in the Sony Open on the PGA Tour. Shortly after he joined the eGolf Professional Tour, formerly known as the Tar Heel Tour, a developmental golf tour based in Charlotte, North Carolina. Fujikawa played in four events in February and March, making the cut in all four, before withdrawing from an event in April, citing a back injury. Two days later he said he felt fine saying, "I just slept kinda funny I guess." He accepted an invitation to play in The Crowns on the Japan Golf Tour two weeks later. At The Crowns, he missed the cut by nine strokes. In December, he won the Hawaii State Open.
2016.
Fujikawa qualified for PGA Tour Canada in 2016.
2017.
Fujikawa won the Hawaii State Open for a second time.
Education and personal life.
Fujikawa graduated from Moanalua High School in Honolulu, Hawaii in June 2009. Earlier that year, his father Derrick had pleaded guilty to two counts of drug trafficking; in August he was sentenced to ten years in prison with eligibility for parole after one year.
On September 12, 2018, Fujikawa came out as gay during a post on Instagram, becoming the first male professional golfer to publicly come out as gay.
Results in major championships.
DNP = did not play

CUT = missed the half-way cut

"T" = tie
Youngest ever to make the cut in a PGA Tour event.
Sources.


Victor Kahn

 Victor Kahn (; 1889 in Moscow – 6 October 1971 in Nice) was a Russian–French chess master.
He was born in Moscow but left Russia in 1912 eventually ending up in France going via Sweden, Denmark and Germany. He won the Copenhagen Championship in 1916. He also played at Hamburg 1916.
He tied for 8-9th at Copenhagen 1918.
After World War I, he tied for 1st-2nd at Haarlem 1919. He took 10th at Paris 1920 (Frederic Lazard won). In 1921, he took 3rd in Utrecht ("Quadrangular"; Adolf Olland won). In 1922, he tied for 2nd-3rd in Paris (André Muffang won). In 1923, Kahn won in Paris (Cercle Philidor Tournament).
In 1924, he tied for 4-7th in Paris (Eugene Znosko-Borovsky won). In 1925, he tied for 5-7th in Paris City Championship (Abraham Baratz and Vitaly Halberstadt won), took 4th in Scarborough (Max Romih won), tied for 1st-2nd with Bertrand in Paris. In 1926, he tied for 3rd-4th in Paris Championship (Leon Schwartzmann won), tied for 3rd-4th in Paris (Peter Potemkine and Halberstadt won), tied for 5-6th in Scarborough (Alexander Alekhine won), and took 3rd in Paris Baratz won). In 1927, he tied for 8-9th in Paris Championship (Baratz won). In 1930, he tied for 3-5th in Paris Championship (Josef Cukierman won).
After settling in Nice, he acquired French citizenship. In 1932, he took 9th in La Baule (11th FRA-ch; Maurice Raizman won). In 1933, he tied for 3rd-4th in Sarreguemines (12th FRA-ch; Aristide Gromer won). In 1934, he won the 13th French Championship in Paris, tied for 1st-2nd with Raizman in 16th Paris Championship, and took 2nd, behind Znosko-Borovsky, in Nice. In 1935 he lost a match against Spanish player Ramon Rey Ardid (+0 –2 =4) in Zaragoza, he tied for 1st-2nd with George Koltanowski in Mollet. In 1937, he took 3rd in Nice ("Quadrangular"; Alekhine won), and took 3rd in Toulouse (16th FRA-ch; Gromer and Amédée Gibaud won). In 1938, he took 4th in Nice (17th FRA-ch; Raizman and Gromer won).
Kahn played in several Chess Olympiads. He represented Russia in 1st unofficial Chess Olympiad at Paris 1924, and played for France four times.


WWWA World Martial Arts Championship

The WWWA World Martial Arts Championship was a secondary women's professional wrestling title in All Japan Women's Pro-Wrestling in the 1990s. This title was contested under kickboxing rules.