Although an institution may opt not to disclose information as the information is regarded as proprietary or confidential, the fact that information is being regarded as proprietary or confidential should not discharge liability arising from non-disclosure of that information when such non-disclosure is found to have material effect.
Čeprav institucija lahko sklene, da ne bo razkrila informacij, ki veljajo za lastniške ali zaupne, pa zgolj dejstvo, da informacije veljajo za lastniške ali zaupne, ne bi smela izničiti odgovornosti za posledice nerazkritja teh informacij, kadar bi tako nerazkritje lahko imelo pomemben učinek.