izozemska in Estonija. Stopnja vključenosti Slovenije v mednarodno menjavo, merjena s kazalnikom tržne integracije v blagu, je bila tako kot prejšnja leta ena najvišjih med državami članicami EU-28. Slovenija je bila po tem kazalniku na 4. mestu. Po kazalniku tržne integracije v storitvah se je med omenjenimi državami spet uvrstila na 15. mesto. Tuja podjetja v Sloveniji so pomembno vključena v mednarodno menjavo blaga Med vsemi aktivnimi tržnimi podjetji v nefinančnih dejavnostih (področja B do J, L do N in S95 po Standardni klasifikaciji dejavnosti, 2008), ki so delovala v Sloveniji v letu 2016, je bilo 5,9% tujih podjetij (tujih notranjih podjetij ali podjetij pod tujim nadzorom oz. v pretežni tuji lasti). Tuja notranja podjetja so zaposlovala 22,0% vseh oseb, ki delajo, ter ustvarila 31,8 % prihodka in 27,4% dodane vrednosti. Posebno pomembna so tuja podjetja v mednarodni menjavi blaga. V letu 2016 so tuja podjetja iz obravnavanih dejavnosti ustvarila 41,6% vrednosti izvoza blaga in 46,4 % vrednosti uvoza blaga vseh v raziskovanje zajetih podjetij na domačem teritoriju. Pri ocenjevanju pomena tujih rezidenčnih podjetij kot izvoznikov in uvoznikov je treba še upoštevati, da izvoz in uvoz še dodatno opravljajo tuja nerezidenčna podjetja. Z upoštevanjem izvoza in uvoza blaga teh podjetij bi izvoz in uvoz vseh tujih podjetij presegel polovico celotnega izvoza in uvoza blaga Slovenije. Na druge kontinente so sorazmerno največ, 24,3 %, izvozila tuja podjetja pod nadzorom evropskih držav, ki niso članice EU Vsa podjetja (slovenska in tuja) iz prej omenjenih dejavnosti so v letu 2016 v države članice EU izvozila 77,1 % vrednosti celotnega izvoza blaga. Podatki kažejo, da sta izvoz in uvoz blaga vseh vrst podjetij ne glede na državo nadzora pretežno usmerjena na trge in s trgov držav članic EU. Podatki pa tudi kažejo povezavo med regionalno usmerjenostjo izvoza in uvoza blaga in regionalnim izvorom tujih podjetij. Podjetja pod nadzorom držav članic EU izvozijo na trge EU sorazmerno precej več kot podjetja, ki so pod nadzorom drugih držav, bodisi evropskih ali neevropskih. Podjetja, ki so pod nadzorom držav članic EU, so v EU izvozila tudi največji delež blaga, in sicer 80,9 % vrednosti vsega izvoza; slovenska podjetja so tja izvozila 79,0 % vrednosti vsega izvoza. Struktura izvoza slovenskih podjetij in struktura izvoza tujih podjetij pod nadzorom držav članic EU po kontinentih oz. regijah se bistveno ne razlikujeta. Tuja podjetja, ki jih nadzirajo države, ki niso članice EU, so v države članice EU izvozila 58,5 %, v druge evropske države 22,0 % in v azijske, ameriške, afriške in oceanijske državeskupaj 19,5 % vrednosti izvoza blaga. Med temi izvozniki so prevladovala švicarska podjetja, sledila so ruska in ameriška. Stanje tujih neposrednih naložb v Sloveniji in slovenskih naložb v tujini se je v letu 2016 ponovno povečalo Vrednost tujih neposrednih naložb v Sloveniji je konec leta 2016 znašala 12,9 milijarde EUR in se je v primerjavi s stanjem konec leta 2015 povečala za 11,5 %. Delež tujih neposrednih naložb v vrednosti BDP je dosegel 32,0 %, kar je bilo za 2,1 odstotne točke več kot v letu 2015. Vrednost neposrednih naložb Slovenije v tujini je konec leta 2016 znašala 5,7 milijarde EUR in se je v primerjavi s stanjem konec leta 2015 povečala za 3,7 %. Vrednost neposrednih naložb Slovenije v tujini je v letu 2016 znašala 14,1 % BDP; to je približno toliko kot v letu 2015 (14,2 % BDP). Globalni indeks konkurenčnosti kaže v položaju Slovenije pozitivne spremembe Dva izmed kompleksnejših in sestavljenih kazalnikov globalizacije, ki ne merita le tokov blaga, storitev in kapitala, temveč tudi druge dejavnike in vidike globalizacije, sta globalni indeks konkurenčnosti in indeks globalizacije KOF. Po globalnem indeksu konkurenčnosti (vir: World Economic Forum; Global Competitiveness Report 2017–2018; http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-index ) je bila Slovenija v letu 2016 med skupno 137 opazovanimi državami na 48. mestu (v 2015 med 138 državami na 56. mestu), med državami članicami Evropske unije pa na 20. mestu (v 2015 na 22. mestu). Države z najvišjimi indeksi globalne konkurenčnosti so bile Švica, Združene države, Singapur High degree of Slovenia’s integration in international trade maintained also in 2016 In 2016, compared to 2015, Slovenia again increased the value of exports and imports of goods and services (exports by 5.0% and imports by 4.2%). In terms of the relative size of exports and imports of goods and services in the GDP (exports 77.7%, imports 68.5%) Slovenia was among EU-28 Member States 10 th and 11 th , respectively. The countries with higher shares of exports of goods and services were Luxembourg, Malta, Ireland, Slovakia, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Belgium, the Netherlands and Estonia. Slovenias integration in international trade, measured by the indicator of trade integration of goods, was among the highest among EU-28 Member States. Slovenia was 4 th . As regards the indicator of trade integration of services, Slovenia was 15 th . The foreign affiliates in Slovenia are importantly integrated in international trade of goods Of all active market enterprises in non-financial activities (sections B to J, L to N and S95 according to the Standard Classification of Activities, 2008) in Slovenia in 2016 5.9% were foreign affiliates (inward foreign affiliates, enterprises under foreign control/majority ownership). The share of foreign affiliates in total employment of all persons employed was 22.0%, in turnover 31.8% and in total value added 27.4%. Foreign affiliates are especially important in international trade of goods. In 2016, foreign affiliates generated 41.6% of exports of goods and 46.4% of imports of goods of all covered enterprises on the domestic territory. By evaluating the significance of the foreign affiliates as exporters and importers, it should be taken into account that exports and imports are additionally carried out by foreign non-residential enterprises. Taking into account the exports and imports of these enterprises, the exports and imports of goods of all foreign enterprises would exceed half of total Slovenias exports and imports. The highest share of exports, 24.3%, to other continents was generated by foreign affiliates controlled by the European countries outside the EU In 2016, all enterprises (Slovenian and foreign) operating in above mentioned activities exported to EU countries 77.1% of the total exports of goods. The data show that exports and imports of goods of all types of enterprises are, irrespective of the country of control, prevailingly oriented to and from the EU market. The data also show a positive relationship between regional orientation of exports and imports of goods and regional origin of the foreign affiliates. The enterprises in majority control of the EU Member States export to EU markets relatively much more than the enterprises controlled by other countries, either European or Non-European. The enterprises controlled by EU countries also exported the highest share of goods on the EU market; foreign affiliates of EU countries 80.9% and Slovenias enterprises 79.0%. In the structure of exports by the continents or regions there are no significant differences between the exports of Slovenias enterprises and foreign affiliates of EU countries. All foreign affiliates controlled by countries outside the EU exported to EU countries 58.5%, to other European countries 22.0% and to countries of Asia, America, Africa and Oceania 19.5%. Among these exporters Swiss exporters prevail, followed by Russian and US exporters. In 2016, the stock of inward foreign direct investment in Slovenia and the stock of Slovenias outward foreign investment again increased Foreign direct investment in Slovenia at the end of 2016 amounted to EUR 12.9 billion and compared to the end of 2015 increased by 11.5%. In 2016 foreign direct investment in Slovenia amounted to 32.0% of GDP, which is 2.1 percentage points more than in 2015. Slovenia’s direct investment abroad at the end of 2016 amounted to EUR 5.7 billion and compared to the end of 2015 increased by 3.7%. In 2016, Slovenia’s direct investment thus amounted to 14.1% of GDP, which is approximately on the level of the 2015 share (14.2% of GDP). The Competitiveness Index indicates positive changes in Slovenias position Two of more complex and composite indicators of globalisation, which do not measure only the flows of goods, services and capital but also other factors and aspects of globalisation, are the Global Competitiveness Index and the KOF index of globalisation. By the Global Competitiveness Index (source: World Economic Forum; Global Competitiveness Report 2017-2018; http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-index ) Slovenia was ranked in 2016 48th among the 137 observed countries (in 2015 56th among 138 countries) or 20th among the EU-28 Member States (in 2015 22nd). The countries with the highest global competitiveness index were Switzerland, the United States, Singapore, the Netherlands and Germany. By the KOF index of globalisation 2017 (source: ETH, KOF Swiss Economic Institute; http://globalization.kof.ethz.ch ) Slovenia positioned itself by globalisation degree in 2014 among 207 countries on the 33rd place (in 2013 on the 32nd place) and among EU Member States on the 24th place, the same as for 2013. By the KOF index the most globalised countries are the Netherlands, Ireland, Belgium, Austria and Switzerland.
Slovenija izkazovala visoko stopnjo vključenosti v mednarodno menjavo tudi v 2016 Slovenija je v letu 2016 glede na leto 2015 ponovno povečala vrednost izvoza in uvoza blaga in storitev (izvoza za 5,0 %, uvoza za 4,2 %). Po kazalniku izvoza oz. uvoza blaga in storitev v BDP (izvoz 77,7 %, uvoz 68,5 %) je ohranila 10. oz. 11. mesto, ki ga je med državami članicami EU imela v letu 2015. Višje relativne deleže izvoza blaga in storitev od Slovenije so izkazovale Luksemburg, Malta, Irska, Slovaška, Madžarska, Češka republika, Belgija izozemska in Nemčija. Po indeksu globalizacije KOF 2017 (vir: ETH, KOF Swiss Economic Institute; http://globalization.kof.ethz.ch ) se je Slovenija v letu 2014 po stopnji globalizacije uvrstila med 207 državami na 33. mesto (v 2013 na 32. mesto), med državami članicami Evropske unije pa na 24. mesto (enako kot v letu 2013). Po indeksu KOF so najbolj globalizirane države Nizozemska, Irska, Belgija, Avstrija in Švica.