2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, February 2019 effort, Incidents, Brazilian border
The injured were transferred to Brazil due to the shortage of medical supplies in the Venezuelan hospital of Santa Elena de Uairén. Following the crackdown, indigenous groups detained thirty-six soldiers and held them in the jungle. Deputy Américo de Grazia, denounced the lack of medicine and ambulances to transport the wounded.


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, February 2019 effort, Incidents, Brazilian border
Near the Brazil–Venezuela border, more than 2,000 indigenous people from Gran Sabana gathered to assist with the entrance of international aid. Venezuelan authorities issued a capture order of the mayor of Gran Sabana and of the Pemon chieftains, accusing them of rebellion. The Venezuelan National Guard repressed demonstrations near Brazil, while colectivos attacked protesters in San Antonio del Táchira and Ureña, leaving at least four dead and about 20 injured. Former governor Andrés Velásquez declared that fourteen people were killed and that many of them had gunshots wounds in their heads, indicating involvement of snipers.


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, February 2019 effort, Incidents, Brazilian border
He further explained that "many have died due to lack of attention because the Santa Elena hospital does not have blood, saline solution, reactives nor oxygen, or operating rooms to intervene the patients", that the people died bleeding and the hospital personnel could not do anything to help them. Two ambulances carrying dead and wounded crossed the Brazil–Venezuela border and took them to the Roraima General Hospital, in Boa Vista, where medic records documented that everyone had gunshots wounds. US senator Marco Rubio declared that Cuban agents directed repression in Ureña.


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, February 2019 effort, Incidents, Brazilian border
Romel Guzamana, a representative of the indigenous community in Gran Sabana, stated that at least 25 Pemon were killed in what NTN24 described as a "massacre" by Venezuelan troops.


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, February 2019 effort, Incidents, Brazilian border
Colectivos and the Venezuelan National Guard killed at least four and injured twenty-four more during border conflicts in Santa Elena de Uairén early on 23 February. A Venezuelan army post near Santa Elena de Uairén was attacked with molotov cocktails and stones. Aid trucks destined to travel from Brazil into Venezuela did not enter Venezuela and returned to their departure points. The Brazilian Army reported that Venezuelan authorities fired live ammunition at those attempting to accept aid and that tear gas from Venezuela was fired into the Brazilian border city of Pacaraima. By the end of the conflict, Romel Guzamana, a representative of the indigenous community in Gran Sabana, stated that at least 25 Pemon were killed in what NTN24 described as a "massacre" by Venezuelan troops.


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, February 2019 effort, Incidents, Colombian border
Thousands accompany a caravan of aid trucks towards the Colombia–Venezuela border. Guaidó headed a caravan of 300 people, briefly appearing on the lead truck as it left Cúcuta for Venezuelan territory. Maduro announces the severing of diplomatic relations with Colombia. Pro -Maduro paramilitaries fired upon demonstrators demanding aid in San Antonio del Táchira. According to opposition deputy Gaby Arellano, of the five trucks that attempted to enter Venezuela from Colombia, two were lost to fire, two were stolen by Maduro loyalists and one returned to Colombia. Both Colombia and Venezuela closed their joint border, leaving many Venezuelans trapped in Colombia and seeking shelter in makeshift camps.


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, February 2019 effort, Incidents, Colombian border
On the Francisco de Paula de Santander Bridge, Venezuelan National Police wept while being confronted by Venezuelans begging for the entrance of international aid. Venezuelan National Police on the bridge then retreated further into Venezuelan territory as the aid caravan approached. As trucks crossed the bridge, Venezuelan authorities fired tear gas upon the protesters who responded with rocks and molotov cocktails and some trucks burst into flames. Aid volunteers formed a human chain and removed humanitarian packages from the burning trucks to prevent their destruction, with a good portion of the supplies being saved and returned to Colombia. Later in the day, protesters responded Venezuelan colectivos and military with molotov cocktails and stones.


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, February 2019 effort, Incidents, Colombian border
On 23 February, trucks with humanitarian aid attempted to pass into Venezuela from Brazil and Colombia, opposed by Maduro's administration. At the Colombia–Venezuela border, the caravans were tear-gassed or shot at with rubber bullets by Venezuelan personnel as they crossed bridges. Protesters near the caravans responded by throwing stones and molotov cocktails at Venezuelan authorities in order to gain entrance into Venezuela later in the day. According to deputy Gaby Arellano, of the five trucks that attempted to enter Venezuela from Colombia, two were lost to a fire, two were stolen by Maduro loyalists and one returned to Colombia.


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, February 2019 effort, Incidents, Colombian border
The president of the Venezuelan National Assembly's Health Subcommission José Manuel Olivares was physically assaulted at the Colombian–Venezuelan border, reportedly by "colectivos". Deputy Freddy Superlano was reportedly poisoned in Cúcuta, and his assistant died from the same incident. The opposition asked for an investigation, without making "claims on who the culprits were". A sister of a deceased National Guardsman denounced that her brother was killed by another officer when he asked for a discharge in the border.


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, February 2019 effort, Incidents, Puerto Rican shipment
A ship originating from Puerto Rico attempted to deliver humanitarian aid via the port at Puerto Cabello, Venezuela, but the vessel, carrying civilians, returned after the Bolivarian Navy of Venezuela threatened to "open fire" on it. Six vessels of the Bolivarian Navy of Venezuela, including the Mariscal Sucre-class frigate Almirante Brion and patrol boats, were deployed to prevent the entry of the aid shipment. The ship, carrying civilians, returned to Puerto Rico after the Venezuelan Navy threatened to "open fire" on it. Governor of Puerto Rico Ricardo Rosselló, who ordered the return of the ship, stated that the act by the Venezuelan Navy was "unacceptable and shameful" and that Puerto Rico "notified our partners in the U.S. government about this serious incident".


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, February 2019 effort, Incidents, Aftermath of 23 February
By the end of the day, a preliminary report by the Organization of American States (OAS) reported more than 285 injured, and former governor Andrés Velásquez reported as many as 14 deaths in the clashes. Reuters said that no aid destined for Venezuelan was able to enter the country. Maduro danced at a rally with his wife while the attempted entry of humanitarian aid was taking place, which CNN reported was attended by public employees whose jobs depend on Maduro.


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, February 2019 effort, Incidents, Aftermath of 23 February
Border clashes continued with Brazil and Brazilian patrols arrived at the border to prevent the violation of the territorial space by Venezuelan Armed Forces.


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, February 2019 effort, Incidents, Aftermath of 23 February
From 24 to 25 February, there were continued Colombian border clashes between protestors and colectivos; Venezuelan authorities fired upon protesters who threw rocks and molotov cocktails, and Colombian border police in Colombian territory near the Simón Bolívar International Bridge. Venezuelan National Guardsmen also fired live ammunition against protesters and Colombian policemen.


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, February 2019 effort, Incidents, Aftermath of 23 February
The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) asked the Venezuelan Armed Forces to abstain using force and to allow free transit.


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, February 2019 effort, Incidents, Aftermath of 23 February
Guaidó said the world "had 'been able to see with their own eyes' how Maduro had violated international law. ' The Geneva protocols clearly state that destroying humanitarian aid is a crime against humanity,' he said." Venezuelan Vice President Delcy Rodríguez declared that "they saw only a little piece of what we are willing to do", and Diosdado Cabello stated "we showed the tip of the iceberg".


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, February 2019 effort, Humanitarian aid fire cause
The cause of the fire that consumed humanitarian aid on 23 February is disputed. Eyewitnesses accounts attribute the source of the fire to tear gas canisters fired by the Venezuelan personnel. Unpublished footage examined by The New York Times published on 10 March suggested that the fire may have been accidentally started by a molotov cocktail thrown by an anti-government protester. Colombian foreign minister Carlos Holmes Trujillo rejected the claims by The New York Times that the Colombian government manipulated the video of the burning of the aid truck, insisting that Nicolás Maduro was responsible.


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, February 2019 effort, Humanitarian aid fire cause
Responding when asked about the claims in a BBC interview, Juan Guaidó stressed that its findings suggested only a possible theory, that it was the newspaper's point of view and that a total of three trucks were burned, while the footage focused on one. A group of around 30 Venezuelans protested outside The New York Times offices in United States, questioning the newspaper's "partiality" and criticized the moment of the publication which occurred while Venezuela suffered from a nationwide blackout.


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, February 2019 effort, Humanitarian aid fire cause
Journalist Karla Salcedo Flores denounced state-run Telesur for plagiarism and the manipulation of her photos for propaganda purposes after the network claimed protesters poured gasoline on the trucks. Bellingcat reported that since the open source evidence examined for its investigation does not show the moment of ignition, it is not possible to make a definitive determination regarding the cause of the fire.


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, February 2019 effort, Humanitarian aid fire cause
Deputy Miguel Pizarro informed that the National Assembly would denounce the burning of the trucks transporting aid in the International Criminal Court.


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, February 2019 effort, Humanitarian aid fire cause
The United States and a number of other nations staged a walkout at the United Nations Conference on Disarmament when Venezuelan Foreign Minister Jorge Arreaza was preparing to begin his speech, boycotting him. Salcedo Flores denounced again the misuse of her photos by Arreaza and dismissed the claim that the photos represented any evidence of the alleged crimes committed by the protesters.


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, Red Cross aid effort
Franceso Rocca, president of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, announced on 29 March 2019 that the Red Cross was preparing to bring humanitarian aid to the country to help ease both the chronic hunger and the medical crisis. The Guardian reported that Maduro had "long denied the existence of a humanitarian crisis, and on 23 February blocked an effort led by Guaidó to bring aid into the country", and that the Red Cross had "brokered a deal" between the Maduro and Guaidó administrations "indicating a seldom-seen middle ground between the two men".


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, Red Cross aid effort
The Red Cross aid shipments were expected to begin within a few weeks, and the first shipment would help about 650,000 people; simultaneously, a leaked UN report estimated that 7 million Venezuelans were likely in need of humanitarian assistance. During what The Wall Street Journal called "Latin America's worst humanitarian crisis ever", the "operation would rival Red Cross relief efforts in war-torn Syria, signaling the depth of Venezuela's crisis."


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, Red Cross aid effort
Rocca said the efforts would focus first on hospitals, including state-run facilities, and said the Red Cross was open to the possibility of delivering aid products stored on the Venezuelan borders with Colombia and Brazil, if the products meet standards. The first shipments of medical supplies will bypass the government and go to eight clinics run by the Red Cross in Venezuela. Because of the additional problems caused by the 2019 Venezuelan blackouts, the Red Cross hopes to also provide hospitals with power plants. Rocca warned that the Red Cross would not accept any political interference, and said the effort must be "independent, neutral, impartial and unhindered".


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, Red Cross aid effort
The Wall Street Journal said that the acceptance of humanitarian shipments by Maduro was his first acknowledgement that Venezuela is "suffering from an economic collapse", adding that "until a few days ago, the government maintained there was no crisis and it didn't need outside help". Guaidó said the acceptance of humanitarian aid was the "result of our pressure and insistence", and called on Venezuelans to "stay vigilant to make sure incoming aid is not diverted for 'corrupt' purposes".


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, Red Cross aid effort
Maduro and Arreaza met with representative of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) on 9 April, and Maduro, for the first time, indicated he prepared to accept international aid—although denying a humanitarian crisis exists. Red Cross was allowed access to prisons in Venezuela for first time since before Chávez died, ranging from prisons holding largely foreigners to prisons holding largely political prisoners to military detention centers. Iris Varela, prisons minister said the delegates were invited so they could share the amazing quality of Venezuelan reform centers with the world. The ICRC announced a day later that there was an agreement to expand aid to 36 hospitals and primary health care centers.


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, Red Cross aid effort
Following the joint report from Human Rights Watch and Johns Hopkins in April 2019,  increasing announcements from the United Nations about the scale of the humanitarian crisis, and the softening of Maduro's position on receiving aid, the ICRC tripled its budget for aid to Venezuela. The increased Red Cross aid would focus in four areas: the migration crisis, the health care system collapse, water and sanitation, and prisons and detention centers.


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, Red Cross aid effort
The first Red Cross delivery of supplies for hospitals arrived on 16 April via an air cargo shipment from Panama and contained generators, water, and surgery kits. Relative to the amount of need, the initial supplies were expected to be little "more than a palliative measure", but National Assembly Deputy Miguel Pizarro viewed it as an encouraging sign that the Maduro administration would allow more aid to enter. According to the Associated Press, having long denied that there was a humanitarian crisis in Venezuela, Maduro positioned the delivery "as a necessary measure to confront punishing U.S. economic sanctions"; having "rallied the international community", Guaidó "quickly claimed credit for the effort".


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, Red Cross aid effort
Quoting Tamara Taraciuk—an expert at Human Rights Watch on Venezuela—who called the situation "a completely man-made crisis", The New York Times said the aid effort in Venezuela presented challenges regarding how to deliver aid in an "unprecedented political, economic and humanitarian crisis" that was "caused largely by the policies of a government intent on staying in power, rather than war or natural disaster".


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, Red Cross aid effort
The humanitarian crisis is impacted by the presidential crisis and international sanctions, along with concerns that the Red Cross effort alone will be insufficient to meet the need, and whether the aid effort will continue to be politicized. According to The New York Times, "armed pro-government paramilitaries" fired weapons to disrupt the first Red Cross delivery, and officials associated with Maduro's party told the Red Cross to leave.


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, Red Cross aid effort
In December 2019, Francesco Rocca, president of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), denounced a lack of international assistance to Venezuela, stating that its international appeal for 50 million Swiss francs was less than 10 percent funded, which he attributed to a lack of political will and politicization of the aid process.


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, Red Cross aid effort
Rocca warned that some actors wanted to use the desperation of the civilian population as a means to "destabilize the country", and disputed claims that the government was not allowing aid into the country, stating that the Red Cross was able to "deliver everything in a very free" way, but that there was a lack of aid to deliver.


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, Other NGOs
Member of the National Assembly, Lester Toledo announced in May that the NGO Rescate Venezuela and the Ayuda y Libertad coalition had already given medical aid and survival kits to about 10.000 Venezuelans in more than 20 states. Most of the effort is carried out by volunteering.


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, Irregularities
On 14 June, PanAm Post published an article reporting that representatives of Guaidó had misappropriated payments for the housing of Venezuelan military defectors that arrived at Colombia, allegedly using them for personal purchases. Following the publication of the article, Guaidó's presidential office informed that the individuals accused of corruption were dismissed from their positions and requested the cooperation of the Colombian government, multilateral agencies and other organizations to clarify the events an impartial investigation. The Venezuelan embassy in Colombia issued a statement informing that Guaidó and the appointed ambassador, Humberto Calderón, agreed to carry out an audit. Venezuelan political parties, including Popular Will, Justice First, Democratic Action and A New Era, supported the start of the investigation of the events. Colombian Foreign Minister, Carlos Holmes Trujillo, condemned the reported act of corruption and urged the authorities to advance the investigations to determine if any wrongdoings occurred.


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, Irregularities
The NGO Transparencia Internacional compiled a first report on the accused representatives. The report concluded that Guaidó's envoys were only involved in the administration of funds contributed by foundations and donors, not humanitarian aid from public funds. The NGO recommended appointing a special comptroller and independent agency to audit Venezuelan finances abroad.


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, Reactions, Foreign aid
NPR reported that critics say the offer of humanitarian aid by the United States was designed as a way to place pressure on Maduro and to increase dissent among the Venezuelan armed forces, and that the US is using a similar tactic that Russia used in Ukraine, where 250 Russian trucks entered to deliver aid in 2014. Colombia, and Venezuela's neighboring countries, "are the most interested in seeing aid brought in", according to CNN, to "help reduce the wave of Venezuelan refugees pouring across their borders." Carlos Holmes Trujillo, Colombia's foreign minister, said that blocking aid was a crime that "would give even more reason ... to ask the International Criminal Court to investigate Maduro".


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, Reactions, Foreign aid
The United Nations (UN) stated in 2018 that "[v]ast numbers of Venezuelans are starving, deprived of essential medicines, and trying to survive in a situation that is spiraling downwards with no end in sight"; it recommended increased humanitarian funding for Venezuelans in 2019, and cautioned not to politicize aid. The UN said that "humanitarian action needs to be independent of political, military or other objectives", and calls for a de-escalation of tension from both sides.


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, Reactions, Foreign aid
The International Committee of the Red Cross "warned the United States about the risks of delivering humanitarian aid to Venezuela without the approval of security forces loyal to President Nicolas Maduro". It also said its ability to work in the current environment in Venezuela was limited" and that it could "not ... implement things that have a political tone”. For the Red Cross, maintaining a neutral stance in political situations is most important; the organization holds that, for aid to be effective, both sides of the conflict should come to agreement. Having worked with local authorities inside Venezuela for a long time delivering relief, in February 2019 the organization had talks with the Venezuelan Ministry of Health about increasing its budget. Later in the month it doubled its Venezuela budget to €15.8 million (US$17.9 million).


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, Reactions, Foreign aid
On 16 April 2021, a report released by the Office of the Inspector General at the U.S. Agency for International Development concluded that the February deployment of aid responded in part to pressure Maduro rather than helping Venezuelans. The report also said that the U.S. aid to Venezuela did not fully comply with humanitarian priniciples.


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, Reactions, Nations
The US pledged $20 million, and Canada pledged $53 million Canadian dollars in humanitarian aid, saying most of it would go to Venezuela's neighbors and trusted partners. Germany, Sweden, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Puerto Rico, and the European Commission also pledged aid. At the Conference on Humanitarian Assistance in Support of Venezuela hosted by the OAS in Washington, D.C., John Bolton announced that 25 countries pledged US$100 million for humanitarian aid to be delivered to Venezuela via centers in Curaçao, Colombia and Brazil.


2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela, Reactions, Defections
Guaidó encouraged military personnel and security officials to withdraw support from Maduro. During the attempt to bring humanitarian aid into Venezuela, hundreds of lower level troops fled across the border to seek refuge in Colombia. As of 5 April 2019, since the border clashes on 23 February began, 1,285 Venezuelan military personnel and police have broken ranks.


2019 shortages in Bolivia
During late October and much of November 2019, much of Bolivia experienced shortages caused by the 2019 Bolivian protests. Unrest prevented supplies reaching the capital district of Bolivia that includes the major cities of La Paz and El Alto Other cities were also affected., but the cities of Santa Cruz and Cochabamba were also affected. By mid-November, the interim government planned an "air bridge" to transport goods and bypass the road blockades and ditches dug by protesters.


2019 shortages in Bolivia, Food
Food was rationed in the country, with roadblocks by pro-Morales protesters disrupting supply chains causing people to have to queue for hours at shops. However, these shops were also short on basics. An eyewitness reported that in one market of the capital, 5,000 people were waiting to buy one chicken. He referred to the shortages as "food terrorism". Independent stall owners were closing because of lack of goods, with shops rapidly increasing the prices of their stock. On roads into the city of Santa Cruz, supply trucks that were unable to access had been left with produce rotting.


2019 shortages in Bolivia, Gas
Major fuel shortages affected cities in Bolivia. Reuters reported that "roads have grown quiet", with people not driving to preserve gasoline. In poorer areas, fuel is so limited that people have resorted to using firewood for cooking. The state-run Senkata gas plant in El Alto, which serves this city and the capital of La Paz, was blockaded by protestors demanding the return of Evo Morales to power. On Tuesday 19 November, the military accessed the plant again with armored vehicles. While the military says the operation was peaceful, the human rights ombudsman for Bolivia says that three people were killed. After the plant was re-taken, people began waiting outside with gas canisters; fuel trucks could again leave the plant, doing so in protected police and military convoys.


2019 student protests in Costa Rica
The 2019 Costa Rican student protests were a series of protests by Costa Rican high school and university students during 2019, for different reasons.


2019 student protests in Costa Rica, Student Movement
The protests were led mainly by the Movement of Secondary Students, or MEDSE, which originated as a group and page on the social network Facebook and ended up closing dozens of schools and public roads. Although the number of It is uncertain because different amounts have been reported (between 305 of more than 1000 according to MEDSE and 86 initially according to the MEP), the protests did lead to the departure of Education Minister Edgar Mora Altamirano from Carlos Alvarado Quesada's cabinet. The demands of the students were mainly:


2019 student protests in Costa Rica, Student Movement
Exit of Edgar Mora. They also criticized the purchase of drones for an agricultural school in San Carlos and the transfer of 15,000 million colones to public universities. The students had the support of the unionist Albino Vargas, general secretary of the National Association of Public Employees and other unions.


2019 student protests in Costa Rica, The MEDSE Group
The MEDSE group is not an official legal association or part of a legal student government.


2019 student protests in Costa Rica, The MEDSE Group
In an interview conducted by Randall Rivera, director of the radio program Matices de Radio Monumental, with a MEDSE spokesperson; Carlos Ramírez accompanied by Leonardo Calderón who was not part of the group but planned to help them mediate the entire process, and by phone with the President of the Kenneth Sánchez group, Rivera discovered that the movement is based on social networks, based on the number of likes on his Facebook page to determine the number of members and that the board of directors was elected among the administrators of the page.


2019 student protests in Costa Rica, The MEDSE Group
He also found contradictions in what was expressed by the attendees who stated that they supported Mora's administration, the FARO tests, and dual education, and confirmed Vargas's support. Kenneth Sánchez later affirmed that Rivera's interview was "a setup." and that he never gave it, however alternative sources such as Double Check did not find evidence of montage by Monumental, the newspaper La Nación confirmed that the number dialed by Monumental belonged to Sanchez and those attending the program also confirmed that they were sent by Sánchez.


2019 student protests in Costa Rica, Dual Education
The dual education project that is discussed in the Legislative Assembly in the Commission of Science and Technology would seek to implement that students from technical colleges, universities and the National Institute of Learning can apply their knowledge in companies as part of their education. Participation it would be voluntary. The project has the support of the government of Carlos Alvarado and of the National Liberation, Citizen Action and Christian Social Unity banks, and the unanimous support of the commission's deputies.


2019 student protests in Costa Rica, Dual Education
The project, in addition to the MEDSE, is opposed by the unions and left-wing parties that consider that there would be a labor relationship between the parties; the MEDSE movement accuses the project of trying to "enslave" the students. The bill is opposed by deputy José María Villalta, the only left-wing deputy in the country, for which he filed more than one hundred motions that would allow him to extend the discussion of it for months. The bill would be approved almost unanimously by the deputies (with only two votes against) on August 12, 2019.


2019 student protests in Costa Rica, Divisions
At the end of July there was a division between the MEDSE and National Student Resistance groups over the use of the latter's Facebook page, which, according to its leader, had been "stolen" by Kenneth Sánchez, which he described as a "stab in the back”.


2019 student protests in Costa Rica, University Students
Months later, another series of protests would take place as a result of the opposition to the application of the fiscal rule in the budget of public universities and the request of the Treasury to use ₡ 70,000 million from the Special Fund for Higher Education (an annual percentage that by Constitution is delivery to the universities of the national budget) for infrastructure works. The rectors of the five public universities opposed the measure, arguing that it violated university autonomy and endangered the operational capacity of the universities. The federations of the five universities also opposed.


2019 student protests in Costa Rica, University Students
Different blockades were raised, the most notorious being the one that happened on the main street of Heredia in front of the National University and another in San Pedro de Montes de Oca near the University of Costa Rica, as well as the taking of two buildings; the Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Costa Rica and the Rectory of the National University (being quickly evicted from the latter). There was also a massive peaceful demonstration by the five student federations in front of the Presidential House.


2019 student protests in Costa Rica, University Students
After negotiations between the Governing Council and the rectors, an agreement was reached in which the government yielded to most of its claims, for which most of the student body, however, some groups maintained protests and taking of buildings in the UCR and UNA rejecting the agreement. Finance Minister Rocío Aguilar Montoya resigned from her post shortly after the agreement was sealed.


2019 suspension of rebel Conservative MPs
On 3 September 2019, the British Conservative Party withdrew the whip from 21 of its MPs who had supported an emergency motion to allow the House of Commons to undertake proceedings on the European Union (Withdrawal) (No. 6) Bill on 4 September. In the hours after the vote, the Chief Whip Mark Spencer informed the rebel MPs that they were no longer entitled to sit as Conservatives. This led to the loss of the Conservative/DUP majority in the Commons.


2019 suspension of rebel Conservative MPs
The suspended MPs included two former Chancellors of the Exchequer (Philip Hammond and the Father of the House, Kenneth Clarke), seven other former Cabinet members (Greg Clark, David Gauke, Justine Greening, Dominic Grieve, Oliver Letwin, Caroline Nokes and Rory Stewart), and 12 others including Nicholas Soames, grandson of Winston Churchill.


2019 suspension of rebel Conservative MPs
On 29 October 2019, 10 of the suspended MPs had the whip restored. Six stood down at the December 2019 election, while four contested it as Conservative candidates; all four retained their seats. Of the 11 who remained suspended, six declined to stand at the election, while five stood as independents or Liberal Democrats; all five lost their seats.


2019 suspension of rebel Conservative MPs
The suspension of these MPs bore resemblance to the Maastricht Rebels who had the Conservative whip removed by the governing Conservative Party during the ratification of the Maastricht Treaty in the early 1990s.


2019 suspension of rebel Conservative MPs, Background
In April 2019, Speaker of the House of Commons John Bercow allowed Sir Oliver Letwin to table a motion that would allow MPs to undertake proceedings on the second reading, committee, and third reading of the European Union (Withdrawal) (No. 5) Bill (also known as the Cooper–Letwin Bill) in one day. The motion was passed by one vote. Subsequently, the bill was passed as the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2019.


2019 suspension of rebel Conservative MPs, Background
Several of the MPs had voted for Theresa May's ultimately unsuccessful Withdrawal Agreement, and subsequently continued to oppose a "no deal" Brexit scenario. They became known in the media as the "Gaukeward Squad" after their informal leader David Gauke.


2019 suspension of rebel Conservative MPs, Background
In September 2019, Bercow again permitted Letwin to introduce a motion under Standing Order No. 24 (SO No. 24) to take control of parliamentary business away from the government, this time to allow for the passage of the European Union (Withdrawal) (No. 6) Bill, to be introduced by Hilary Benn on the following day. In anticipation of the vote, the government whips' office announced that voting in favour of Letwin's motion would effectively be "destroying the government's negotiating position and handing control of parliament to Jeremy Corbyn." On that basis, those Conservative MPs supporting the motion would have the whip withdrawn.


2019 suspension of rebel Conservative MPs, Rebel MPs
A total of 21 Conservative MPs voted for the motion:


2019 suspension of rebel Conservative MPs, Aftermath
On 5 September, the Universities Minister Jo Johnson, who is also the Prime Minister Boris Johnson's younger brother, resigned from the Cabinet and stood down as an MP at the subsequent general election. The Daily Telegraph reported that Johnson's decision had been triggered by the suspension of Conservative MPs two days prior.


2019 suspension of rebel Conservative MPs, Aftermath
Two days later, on 7 September, the Work and Pensions Secretary Amber Rudd resigned from the Cabinet and surrendered the Conservative whip in Parliament in protest at Boris Johnson's policy on Brexit and the treatment of the 21 rebel MPs.


2019 suspension of rebel Conservative MPs, Aftermath
On 9 September, the bill was passed as the European Union (Withdrawal) (No. 2) Act 2019.


2019 suspension of rebel Conservative MPs, Aftermath
On 14 September, former Conservative leadership contender Sam Gyimah, who was one of the 21, joined the Liberal Democrats. On 4 October, former Cabinet minister and former Conservative leadership contender Rory Stewart resigned from the Conservative Party, in order to stand as an independent candidate for Mayor of London.


2019 suspension of rebel Conservative MPs, Aftermath
On 29 October, 10 of the MPs suspended from the party in September had the whip restored. They were Alistair Burt, Caroline Nokes, Greg Clark, Sir Nicholas Soames, Ed Vaizey, Margot James, Richard Benyon, Stephen Hammond, Steve Brine and Richard Harrington.


2019 suspension of rebel Conservative MPs, Aftermath
On 31 October, Antoinette Sandbach joined the Liberal Democrats. On 5 November, Philip Hammond stood down as an MP at the forthcoming general election.


2019 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States
The 2019 term of the Supreme Court of the United States began October 7, 2019, and concluded October 4, 2020. The table below illustrates which opinion was filed by each justice in each case and which justices joined each opinion.


2019 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, 2019 term membership and statistics
This was the fifteenth term of Chief Justice Roberts's tenure. Justice Ginsburg died on September 18, 2020, making it the second and final (and also the only full) term with the same membership.


2019 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States
The Supreme Court of the United States handed down ten per curiam opinions during its 2019 term, which began October 7, 2019 and concluded October 4, 2020.


2019 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States
Because per curiam decisions are issued from the Court as an institution, these opinions all lack the attribution of authorship or joining votes to specific justices. All justices on the Court at the time the decision was handed down are assumed to have participated and concurred unless otherwise noted.


2019 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Court membership
Associate Justices: Clarence Thomas, Ruth Bader Ginsburg (died September 18, 2020), Stephen Breyer, Samuel Alito, Sonia Sotomayor, Elena Kagan, Neil Gorsuch, Brett Kavanaugh


2019 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Thompson v. Hebdon
589 U.S. ___ Decided November 25, 2019. Ninth Circuit vacated and remanded.


2019 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Retirement Plans Comm. of IBM v. Jander
589 U.S. ___ Argued November 6, 2019.Decided January 14, 2020. Second Circuit vacated and remanded.


2019 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Retirement Plans Comm. of IBM v. Jander
Kagan filed a concurrence, joined by Ginsburg. Gorsuch filed a concurrence.


2019 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Juan v. Acevedo Feliciano
589 U.S. ___ Decided February 24, 2020. Supreme Court of Puerto Rico vacated and remanded.


2019 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Davis v. United States
589 U.S. ___ Decided March 23, 2020. Fifth Circuit vacated and remanded.


2019 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Republican National Committee v. Democratic National Committee
589 U.S. ___ Decided April 6, 2020. Application for stay granted.


2019 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Republican National Committee v. Democratic National Committee
Stay granted of order by District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin, disallowing extension of the mail-in date for absentee ballots for the state's primary elections.


2019 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Republican National Committee v. Democratic National Committee
Ginsburg filed a dissent, joined by Breyer, Sotomayor, and Kagan.


2019 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, New York State Rifle & Pistol Association, Inc. v. City of New York
590 U.S. ___ Argued December 2, 2019.Decided April 27, 2020. Second Circuit vacated and remanded.


2019 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, New York State Rifle & Pistol Association, Inc. v. City of New York
Kavanaugh filed a concurrence. Alito filed a dissent, joined by Gorsuch, and by Thomas in part.


2019 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, New York State Rifle & Pistol Association, Inc. v. City of New York
The Court determined the case had been rendered moot due to changes in the underlying law in question during its consideration at the Supreme Court.


2019 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Andrus v. Texas
590 U.S. ___ Decided June 15, 2020. Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas vacated and remanded.


2019 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Andrus v. Texas
The Court ruled that the defendant's claims of ineffective assistance of counsel were inappropriately dismissed, as the state court failed to address the prejudice prong of the Strickland test.


2019 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Barr v. Lee
591 U.S. ___ Decided July 14, 2020. District Court for the District Court of Columbia vacated.


2019 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Barr v. Lee
Breyer filed a dissent, joined by Ginsburg. Sotomayor filed a dissent, joined by Ginsburg and Kagan.


2019 van Albada
2019 van Albada, provisional designation 1935 SX1, is a stony Florian asteroid and former spacecraft target from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 28 September 1935, by Dutch astronomer Hendrik van Gent at Leiden Southern Station, annex to the Johannesburg Observatory in South Africa. The asteroid was later named after Gale Bruno van Albada.


2019 van Albada, Orbit and classification
van Albada is a member of the Flora family, one of the largest collisional populations of stony asteroids. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.9–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,225 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.17 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic.


2019 van Albada, Orbit and classification
In May 1911, the asteroid was first identified as A911 KD at the discovering Johannesburg Observatory. The body's observation arc begins at Lowell Observatory in 1931, four years prior to its official discovery observation.


2019 van Albada, Former flyby target
van Albada was considered as a flyby target of the NEAR unmanned robotic spacecraft mission in the 1990s. NEAR eventually launched, but visited 253 Mathilde and 433 Eros. There is only a small number of minor planets formerly targeted for spacecraft visitation.


2019 van Albada, Physical characteristics
In the SMASS classification, van Albada is a common S-type asteroid. It has also been characterized as a stony asteroid by Pan-STARRS photometric survey.


2019 van Albada, Physical characteristics, Lightcurves
Between 2012 and 2015, several rotational lightcurves of van Albada were obtained from photometric observations by  astronomers Pierre Antonini, Junda Liu, Raoul Behrend and Jean Strajnic, as well as by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a short rotation period between 2.72 and 2.73 hours with a brightness variation between 0.13 and 0.20 magnitude (U=2+/2+/2+/2/2).


2019 van Albada, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, van Albada measures between 7.53 and 8.009 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a high albedo between 0.411 and 0.496.


2019 van Albada, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24 – derived from 8 Flora, the largest member and namesake of the Flora family – and calculates a diameter of 9.41 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.3.


2019 van Albada, Naming
This minor planet was named in memory of Dutch astronomer Gale Bruno van Albada (1911–1972), who was director of the Bosscha Observatory and of the Astronomical Institute at Amsterdam. The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 28 April 1991 (M.P.C. 18135). The lunar crater Van Albada is also named in his honor.


2019 vote of confidence in the May ministry
On 15 January 2019, a motion of no confidence in the government of Theresa May was tabled in the British House of Commons. On 16 January, the House rejected the motion by a vote of 325 to 306.


2019 vote of confidence in the May ministry
The motion was laid by Jeremy Corbyn, the Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition, after the government had lost a Commons vote to secure parliamentary backing for the government's deal for Britain's withdrawal from the European Union by 230 votes on the evening of 15 January. That vote, 432 to 202 for rejecting the deal, represented the largest defeat for a sitting government in modern history.


2019 vote of confidence in the May ministry
The motion was debated on the afternoon of 16 January before it was voted on that evening. The vote went along party lines and was supported by all opposition parties and opposed by the ruling Conservatives and the Democratic Unionist Party, in accordance with their confidence and supply agreement.


2019 vote of confidence in the May ministry
After the result, Theresa May requested individual meetings with leaders of all parties to discuss how to continue with the process of leaving the European Union. The invitation was taken up by all leaders except Corbyn, who said he would not meet her unless she would ensure that a no-deal Brexit would not occur.


2019 vote of confidence in the May ministry, Background
The Conservative government elected in the 2017 general election was a minority government, relying on a confidence and supply agreement with the Democratic Unionist Party to give it a small working majority in the House of Commons.


2019 vote of confidence in the May ministry, Background
In December 2018, May had faced a vote of confidence from members of the Parliamentary Conservative Party because of opposition from eurosceptic Conservative MPs to her Brexit withdrawal agreement, which they felt would compromise British control over its borders because its inclusion of the Irish backstop proposal, a proposal that would allow for the possibility of Northern Ireland remaining within the EU Customs Union as a means to avoid a physical border with the Irish Republic after Britain's departure from the EU. However, although May won the vote comfortably with a majority of 83, plans for the House of Commons to debate the Brexit agreement in December were postponed until the new year when it became clear Parliament would reject it.


2019 vote of confidence in the May ministry, Background
On 17 December, after following May's decision to delay the vote, Corbyn tabled a motion of no confidence in her premiership but not against the government. The following day, the government refused to allow time for the motion to be debated, which Speaker John Bercow confirmed that it had no obligation to do.


2019 vote of confidence in the May ministry, Background
Parliament then debated the Brexit agreement in January 2019, with the vote on whether to back May's plans taking place on 15 January. The deal was rejected by Parliament, with a majority of 230 voting against it. The result, 432-to-202 for rejecting the deal, represented the largest defeat for a sitting government in modern history. Addressing the House of Commons in the wake of the result,  May said that she would welcome a vote of confidence in her government and would allow time for it to be debated the following day. Corbyn then tabled a motion of no confidence in the government in the hope of triggering an early general election.


2019 vote of confidence in the May ministry, Proceedings
Leader of the House of Commons Andrea Leadsom said that the House's afternoon session on 16 January, following the conclusion of Prime Minister's Questions, would be dedicated to the debate, with a vote expected at around 19:00.


2019 vote of confidence in the May ministry, Proceedings
In accordance with the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011, the text of the motion was "That this House has lost confidence in Her Majesty's Government". In addition to Corbyn, it was co-sponsored by Ian Blackford (SNP leader at Westminster), Vince Cable (Liberal Democrat leader), Liz Saville Roberts (Plaid Cymru), Caroline Lucas (Greens) and Nick Brown (Labour Chief Whip) and signed by a further 38 MPs.


2019 vote of confidence in the May ministry, Division
The motion was defeated by 325 votes to 306: a majority of 19. Ten DUP MPs and the independent MP Sylvia Hermon voted with the government. All the other parties in the Commons supported Labour's motion, as did some independent MPs, including Jared O'Mara and Stephen Lloyd. Three independent MPs, all formerly in Labour, abstained, as did Paul Flynn (Labour), who was too ill to vote, and in fact died one month later.


2019 vote of confidence in the May ministry, Aftermath
After the result, May told Members of the House of Commons she would "continue to work to deliver on the solemn promise to the people of this country to deliver on the result of the referendum and leave the European Union". As a result, she requested to meet leaders of all parties to have individual meetings on how to continue with the process of leaving the European Union.


2019 vote of confidence in the May ministry, Aftermath
In reaction to the result, Corbyn asked May to ensure that a no-deal Brexit would not occur by telling MPs that the government should "remove clearly, once and for all, the prospect of the catastrophe of a no-deal exit from the EU". That idea of eliminating the possibility of a no-deal Brexit was backed by the SNP despite the impossibility of the request.


2019 vote of confidence in the May ministry, Aftermath
May made a statement to the nation from Downing Street at 22:00. In it, she urged MPs to "put self-interest aside" and "work constructively together" to achieve a solution to Brexit.


2019 vote of confidence in the May ministry, Aftermath
On the next day, it was reported that Chancellor of the Exchequer Philip Hammond had reassured executives from leading companies when he spoke to them for more than an hour at 9.30 p.m. on Tuesday that the government had no intention to have a no-deal Brexit occurring. He also said that a backbench motion could force the government to rescind Article 50. That would act as a "sort of ultimate backstop if the work the government is doing in seeking to find a way forward fails to deliver".


2019 vote of confidence in the May ministry, Aftermath
Corbyn also laid out conditions for the Labour party to support a second referendum. In a speech, he asserted, "If the government remains intransigent, if support for Labour's alternative is blocked for party advantage – and the country is facing the potential disaster of no deal – our duty will then be to look at other options which we've set out in our conference motion, including the option of a public vote".


2019 vote of confidence in the May ministry, Aftermath
He also requested through the use of email that Labour MPs should not partake in any Brexit discussions with the government until May would rule out a no-deal Brexit after three Labour MPs (Hilary Benn, Yvette Cooper and John Mann) went to the Cabinet Office to meet Conservative ministers and discuss a solution to the crisis.


2019 Ålandic legislative election
Legislative elections were held in the Åland Islands on 20 October 2019, alongside elections for municipal councils.


2019 Ålandic legislative election, Electoral system
The 30 members of the Parliament of Åland were elected by proportional representation, with seats allocated using the d'Hondt method.


2019 Étoile de Bessèges
The 2019 Étoile de Bessèges (transl. Star of Bessèges) was a road cycling stage race that took place between 7 and 10 February 2019. The race was rated as a 2.1 event as part of the 2019 UCI Europe Tour, and was the 49th edition of the Étoile de Bessèges cycling race.


2019 Étoile de Bessèges
The race was won by French rider Christophe Laporte of the Cofidis team.


2019 Étoile de Bessèges, Teams
Twenty-two teams of up to seven riders started the race:


2019 Úrvalsdeild
The 2019 Úrvalsdeild karla, also known as Pepsi Max-deild karla for sponsorship reasons, was the 108th season of top-flight Icelandic football. Twelve teams contested the league, including the defending champions Valur, who won their 21st league title in 2018.


2019 Úrvalsdeild
The season began in April 2019 and concluded on 28 September 2019.


2019 Úrvalsdeild, Teams
The 2019 Úrvalsdeild is contested by twelve teams, ten of which played in the division the previous year and two teams promoted from 1. deild karla. The bottom two teams from the previous season, Fjölnir and Keflavík, were relegated to the 2019 1. deild karla and were replaced by ÍA and HK, champions and runners-up of the 2018 1. deild karla respectively.


2019 Úrvalsdeild, Results
Each team played home and away once against every other team for a total of 22 games each.


2019 Úrvalsdeild kvenna (football)
The 2019 Úrvalsdeild kvenna was the 48th season of the women's football top level league in Iceland. Breiðablik is the defending champion.


2019 Úrvalsdeild kvenna (football), Teams
The 2019 Úrvalsdeild kvenna is contested by ten teams, eight of which played in the division the previous year and two teams promoted from 1. deild kvenna. The bottom two teams from the previous season, Grindavík and FH, were relegated to the 1. deild kvenna and were replaced by Keflavík and Fylkir, champions and runners-up of the 2018 1. deild kvenna respectively.


2019 Ýokary Liga
The 2019 Turkmenistan Higher League (Ýokary Liga) season was the 27th season Turkmenistan's professional football league, the highest football league competition in Turkmenistan. Altyn Asyr defended their championship, winning the Higher League for a six time.


2019 Ýokary Liga, Top goal-scorers
The top scorers are: Updated to match played on 10 December 2019.


2019 İstanbul Cup
The 2019 İstanbul Cup (also known as the TEB BNP Paribas İstanbul Cup for sponsorship reasons) was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 12th edition of the İstanbul Cup, and part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2019 WTA Tour. It took place in Istanbul, Turkey, from 22 through 28 April 2019.


2019 İstanbul Cup, Singles main draw entrants, Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:


2019 İstanbul Cup, Doubles main draw entrants, Other entrants
The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:


2019 İstanbul Cup – Doubles
Liang Chen and Zhang Shuai were the defending champions, but chose not to participate this year.


2019 İstanbul Cup – Doubles
Tímea Babos and Kristina Mladenovic won the title, defeating Alexa Guarachi and Sabrina Santamaria in the final, 6–1, 6–0.


2019 İstanbul Cup – Singles
Pauline Parmentier was the defending champion, but lost in the second round to Elena Rybakina.


2019 İstanbul Cup – Singles
Petra Martić won her first WTA Tour title, defeating Markéta Vondroušová in the final, 1–6, 6–4, 6–1.


2019 İzmir mayoral election
Mayoral elections were held in the Turkish province of İzmir as part of nationwide local elections on 31 March 2019. A total of 31 mayors, one for each of the 30 districts of İzmir and one for the İzmir Metropolitan Municipality, were elected.


2019 İzmir mayoral election
Republican People's Party (CHP) candidate Tunç Soyer, the former Mayor of Seferihisar, was elected as Mayor of the İzmir Metropolitan Municipality, beating Justice and Development Party (AKP) candidate Nihat Zeybekci by 58.1% to 38.7%. Zeybekci conceded defeat soon after Soyer built an unassailable lead.


2019 İzmir mayoral election, Candidates
On 27 November 2018, the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) announced their metropolitan mayoral candidate to be Nihat Zeybekci, the former mayor of Denizli and former Minister of the Economy. Due to the People's Alliance agreement, Zeybekci had the support of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP).


2019 İzmir mayoral election, Candidates
With incumbent mayor Aziz Kocaoğlu announcing his intention to step down, the main opposition Republican People's Party (CHP) began considering new nominees. Tunç Soyer, the serving Mayor of Seferihisar, was seen as the frontrunner and was selected on 27 January 2019 despite Kocaoğlu re-entering the race shortly before the announcement. Soyer had the support of the İYİ Party and ran as the joint candidate of the Nation Alliance.


2019 Ōita gubernatorial election
A gubernatorial election was held on 7 April 2019 to elect the next Governor of Ōita.


2019, After the Fall of New York
2019, After the Fall of New York (Italian: 2019 - Dopo la caduta di New York) is a 1983 Italian science fiction film directed by Sergio Martino in both English and Italian. It is of the post-apocalyptic Italian genre similar to the films 1990 The Bronx Warriors and Endgame. It is set in 2019, after a nuclear apocalypse, and stars a mercenary out to rescue the last fertile woman on Earth. The film starred Michael Sopkiw and Anna Kanakis, and B-movie regular George Eastman. The movie is also known to be listed with the "2019" missing from the title. The movie is curiously, very similar to Children of Men from Alfonso Cuarón. In fact, not only the idea of the lack of fertile women in Earth, but there is a scene that has a painting of the Guernica (Picasso) in a wall at the background.


2019, After the Fall of New York
The film was influenced by John Carpenter's Escape from New York.


2019, After the Fall of New York, Plot
In 1999, a war between the Pan-American Confederacy and the Eurac Monarchy (comprising Europe, Africa, and Asia) resulted in a nuclear holocaust. 20 years later, radiation has rendered all remaining humans sterile, and the victorious Euracs have occupied Manhattan and hunt survivors for genetic experiments.


2019, After the Fall of New York, Plot
After winning a motorized deathmatch in Nevada, an ex-Confederate soldier named Parsifal is abducted and taken to the Confederacy's secret base in Alaska. The President of the Confederacy tells him there is a fertile woman somewhere in New York City. He offers Parsifal a place on a Confederate rocketship bound for Alpha Centauri if he can infiltrate the city and retrieve her; otherwise, he will be killed. When Parsifal proposes sending in a cyborg instead, the President reveals the Confederacy eliminated all its cyborgs.


2019, After the Fall of New York, Plot
Parsifal is accompanied by two Confederate agents, Bronx and Ratchet. After entering Manhattan through the sewers, they are attacked by the Harlem Hunters, a street gang. They escape and come upon the Needle People, a group of scavengers led by the Rat Eater King, preparing to kill a dwarf named Shorty. Parsifal intervenes, and the three agents are captured. Eurac troops raid the scavengers’ hideout and bring Parsifal, Bronx, and Ratchet to their base along with a scavenger girl, Giara.


2019, After the Fall of New York, Plot
Parsifal escapes and rescues Bronx and Giara. Bronx stays behind and is killed, while Parsifal and Giara are saved by Ratchet. The three escape into the sewers and find refuge in a subterranean dwarf colony with Shorty, who claims to know the location of the fertile woman. The colony is attacked by Euracs using sonic weapons, and Parsifal, Giara, Ratchet, and Shorty flee. They are saved by a group of ape-like mutants, led by Big Ape. When Parsifal explains their mission, Big Ape reveals he is also fertile. That night, Parsifal protects Giara from one of Big Ape's mutants, and they have sex.


2019, After the Fall of New York, Plot
Shorty leads them to an underground vault, where they find a deceased professor and a life support chamber containing Melissa, the professor's daughter, who entered hibernation before the bombs fell and thus remained fertile. They also find a station wagon to escape through the Lincoln Tunnel. Big Ape and Giara stay with Melissa while Shorty, Parsifal, and Ratchet leave to find armor plating for the car. Big Ape then knocks Giara unconscious and impregnates Melissa.


2019, After the Fall of New York, Plot
At a junkyard, Shorty distracts the Euracs and sacrifices himself to buy Parsifal and Ratchet time to salvage. They return, collect Melissa, and drive through a cave wall into the tunnel. Parsifal manages to navigate the armored car past several minefields and barricades to freedom, but Big Ape is killed by a laser trap. While driving through the desert to their rendezvous, Parsifal deduces that Ratchet is actually a cyborg. Ratchet attacks him and stabs Giara before Parsifal kills him. Giara begs Parsifal ensure humanity's survival as she dies in his arms.


2019, After the Fall of New York, Plot
Back at the Confederacy's headquarters, the President reveals that he is terminally ill, and gives Parsifal his place on the rocketship, which is revealed to be the base itself. As the ship blasts off, Parsifal watches Melissa finally awaken.


2019, After the Fall of New York, Reception
Creature Feature gave the movie 2 out of 5 stars. While it found the rubble and sewers to be well done, it states the acting and  direction to be lacking. Moria found the movie to be better than other Italian exploitation films, and better than most other Mad Max rip-offs, giving the movie 2 stars. TV Guide gave the movie one out of 5 stars, finding it to be silly with "ludicrous plot full of clichés and holes, bad acting, and laughable special effects."


2019, After the Fall of New York, Release
2019, After the Fall of New York was distributed in the United States in January 1985 with a 95-minute running time. Released for home viewing on DVD, VHS and Blu-Ray


2019GantiPresiden
2019GantiPresiden (or #2019GantiPresiden) is a Twitter hashtag and social media campaign in which Indonesian users share their disapproval towards the Joko Widodo presidency. The main purpose of this campaign is a constitutional effort to replace the current president through 2019 election.


2019GantiPresiden
The hashtag went viral when it was used by PKS politician Mardani Ali Sera on Twitter. In English, the term "Ganti Presiden" literally means "Change President."


2019GantiPresiden, Background
In April 2018, Mardani Ali Sera, a politician from opposition party PKS, began to spread the hashtag in his social media accounts, with many social media accounts following quickly. Within a short period of time, T-shirts were already produced with the hashtag, with Mardani denying that the movement is a political campaign due to a lack of a supported replacement.


2019GantiPresiden, Background
The movement garnered significant support from other opposition politicians, including Amien Rais (PAN) and Yusril Ihza Mahendra (PBB). Reasons cited include pressure on Islamic organizations, influx of immigrant workers (mainly from China) due to relaxation of immigration rules and economic issues such as a lack of available jobs and increased prices of necessities.


2019GantiPresiden, Effect
In addition to the social media platform, the hashtag has appeared in T-shirts, hats, mugs, and banners shown in public places. Some users posted the pictures with the hashtag while visiting several cities overseas. In a speech, Joko Widodo mocked that the hashtag and T-shirt cannot change a president. PDI-P secretary-general Hasto Kristiyanto accused the movement of being a political move by the opposition and not an organic movement.


2019GantiPresiden, Effect
In the 2018 West Java gubernatorial election, the hashtag was prominently used by the Sudrajat/Ahmad Syaikhu in their campaign to gain potential voters and significantly increased his electoral vote from 5-9 percent in survey polls to 27-30 percent in real count results, although the pair ultimately lost.


2019GantiPresiden, Rally
Some declarations and rallies supporting the campaign were made in several cities, such as Jakarta, Yogyakarta, and Surakarta. Supporters also tried to organize rallies in Serang, but was denied permission from the municipal government. In addition, the West Java branch of the Indonesian Ulema Council decried the movement, calling them "provocateurs".


2019GantiPresiden, Aftermath
In May 2019, after the 2019 election had passed, Mardani stated that the #2019GantiPresiden movement had "closed its books".


2019–20 1. FC Heidenheim season
The 2019–20 1. FC Heidenheim season was the 6th consecutive season in the 2. Bundesliga, the second division of German football, played by 1. FC Heidenheim, a football club based in Heidenheim an der Brenz, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. In addition to the 2. Bundesliga, Heidenheim also participated in the DFB-Pokal. The club played their home matches at the Voith-Arena.


2019–20 1. FC Heidenheim season, Players, First-team squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2019–20 1. FC Heidenheim season, Players, Left club during season
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2019–20 1. FC Heidenheim season, Competitions, Bundesliga, Relegation play-offs
As a result of their third place finish in the regular season, the club qualified for the play-off match with the 16th-place team in the 2019–20 Bundesliga to determine whether the club would be promoted to the 2020–21 Bundesliga.


2019–20 1. FC Köln season
The 2019–20 1. FC Köln season was the 72nd season in the football club's history and first consecutive and 48th overall season in the top flight of German football, the Bundesliga, having been promoted from the 2. Bundesliga in 2019. 1. FC Köln participated in this season's edition of the domestic cup, the DFB-Pokal. Köln were the reigning 2. Bundesliga champions. This was the 72nd season for Köln in the Müngersdorfer Stadion, located in Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The season covered a period from 1 July 2019 to 30 June 2020.


2019–20 1. FC Köln season
Achim Beierlorzer was sacked on 9 November 2019 after posting a 2–1–8 record in the first eleven matches of the season, sitting in 17th place in the Bundesliga. He was replaced by former Hamburger SV manager Markus Gisdol on 18 November 2019. On 1 May 2020, three players from the team tested positive for COVID-19, and said that they will not confirm the three players.


2019–20 1. FC Köln season, Players, Squad information
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2019–20 1. FC Nürnberg season
The 2019–20 1. FC Nürnberg season is the 120th season in the club's football history, having been relegated from the Bundesliga in the previous season. The season covers a period from 1 July 2019 to 30 June 2020.


2019–20 1. FC Nürnberg season, Players
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2019–20 1. FC Nürnberg season, Review and events
The club also took part in the 2019–20 edition of the DFB-Pokal, the German Cup.


2019–20 1. FC Union Berlin season
The 2019–20 season was the 55th season in 1. FC Union Berlin's history and their first season in the top flight of German football, the Bundesliga, having been promoted from the 2. Bundesliga in 2019. In addition to the domestic league, Union Berlin also participated in the season's edition of the domestic cup, the DFB-Pokal. Since their foundation, Union have played in the Stadion An der Alten Försterei, located in Berlin, Germany. The season covered a period from 1 July 2019 to 30 June 2020.


2019–20 1. FC Union Berlin season, Season review, Pre-season
On 27 May 2019, Union Berlin gained promotion to the Bundesliga for the first time in the club's history, following a 2–2 draw over two legs against VfB Stuttgart, in which Union triumphed on the away goals rule. Following promotion, Union Berlin made 14 signings, including signing Marvin Friedrich, the scorer of the deciding goal against Stuttgart, for €2.5 million from FC Augsburg. The club contested eight pre-season friendlies, winning five, drawing two and losing one.


2019–20 1. FC Union Berlin season, Season review, Bundesliga first half (matchday 1–17)
Union Berlin's first ever Bundesliga game came against rivals RB Leipzig on 18 August 2019, losing 4–0. The club's oldest ultras group, the Wuhlesyndikat, successfully called for a 15-minute silent protest at the start of the game, aimed in protest at Leipzig's ownership model. Six days later, the club picked up their first Bundesliga point, drawing 1–1 away at FC Augsburg, with forward Sebastian Andersson scoring Union Berlin's first ever Bundesliga goal. On matchday 3, Union Berlin gained their first ever Bundesliga win, in a shock 3–1 home victory against UEFA Champions League outfit Borussia Dortmund.


2019–20 1. FC Union Berlin season, Season review, Bundesliga first half (matchday 1–17)
During the first five matchdays, International Centre for Sports Studies research concluded that Union Berlin had the highest average height across the top 31 European first divisions. On 2 November 2019, Union Berlin recorded their third Bundesliga win of the season, thanks to a 1–0 home win against Berlin rivals Hertha BSC; the first meeting between the pair in the top flight of German football.


2019–20 1. FC Union Berlin season, Season review, Bundesliga first half (matchday 1–17)
Despite Sebastian Polter scoring a late winner from the penalty spot, the game was not without controversy, as referee Deniz Aytekin temporarily halted the game, following fireworks from the away section entering the home sections and the field of play. Following full-time, Rafał Gikiewicz won praise from fans and media alike, after helping prevent a minor pitch invasion from a section of Union Berlin ultras, aimed at attacking Hertha supporters, after Union Berlin flags, shirts and scarves were burnt in the away end during the game. The win lifted Union to 14th place in the Bundesliga table, three points above the relegation play-off place.


2019–20 1. FC Union Berlin season, Season review, Bundesliga first half (matchday 1–17)
On 23 November 2019, Union Berlin recorded their fourth consecutive competitive win, following a 2–0 victory over Bundesliga leaders Borussia Mönchengladbach, with second half goalscorer Andersson sitting at fourth in the Bundesliga scoring charts following the win. At the halfway point of the season, Union sat in eleventh place, one place and one point above city rivals Hertha BSC.


2019–20 1. FC Union Berlin season, Season review, Bundesliga second half (matchday 18–34)
During the January transfer winter, Union Berlin made one sigining, loaning Yunus Mallı in from VfL Wolfsburg until the summer. On matchday 19, Union Berlin recorded their first win after the winter break, following a 3–1 loss to RB Leipzig a week prior, after defeating Augsburg 2–0, with Neven Subotić scoring his first goal for the club. On 1 March 2020, Sebastian Andersson scored his tenth Bundesliga goal of the season in a 2–2 home draw against VfL Wolfsburg, ending an eight game long drought.


2019–20 1. FC Union Berlin season, Season review, Bundesliga second half (matchday 18–34)
The game was suspended for over ten minutes during the first half, after protests from Union Berlin's fans against TSG 1899 Hoffenheim's owner Dietmar Hopp in solidarity with Bayern Munich, Borussia Dortmund and 1. FC Köln supporters, who had all protested against Hopp's involvement with Hoffenheim on the same weekend. On 4 March 2020, Union Berlin were knocked out of the DFB-Pokal at the quarter final stage, in a 3–1 loss against Bayer Leverkusen.


2019–20 1. FC Union Berlin season, Season review, Bundesliga second half (matchday 18–34)
Ahead of matchday 26, the Bundesliga was suspended, owing to the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany, with the Deutsche Fußball Liga recommending a suspension until 2 April 2020. The second Berlin derby of the season, originally scheduled for 21 March 2020, was due to be played behind closed doors following advice from the Bundesministerium für Gesundheit, but was later postponed following the Bundesliga's suspension until 2 April. In mid-April, clubs returned to training.


2019–20 1. FC Union Berlin season, Season review, Bundesliga second half (matchday 18–34)
On 7 May 2020, the Deutscher Fußball-Bund announced resumption of the Bundesliga without spectators in mid-May, with the final weekend of the season set to be played on 27 June 2020. On 17 May 2020, after six Bundesliga matchday 26 games were played a day prior, Union Berlin lost 2–0 at home to Bayern Munich behind closed doors. On 22 May 2020, Hertha BSC played Union Berlin at the Olympiastadion behind closed doors in the second Berlin derby of the season, winning 4–0; the biggest competitive victory between the pair.


2019–20 1. FC Union Berlin season, Players, Squad information
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2019–20 1. FSV Mainz 05 season
The 2019–20 season was 1. FSV Mainz 05's 121st season in existence and the club's 39th consecutive season in the top flight of German football. In addition to the domestic league, 1. FSV Mainz 05 participated in this season's edition of the DFB-Pokal. The season covered a period from 1 July 2019 to 30 June 2020.


2019–20 1. FSV Mainz 05 season, Players, Current squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2019–20 1. FSV Mainz 05 season, Players, Out on loan
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2019–20 2. Bundesliga
The 2019–20 2. Bundesliga was the 46th season of the 2. Bundesliga. It began on 26 July 2019 and was initially due to conclude on 17 May 2020.


2019–20 2. Bundesliga
Arminia Bielefeld secured their promotion on 16 June 2020, while VfB Stuttgart got promoted on the last matchday.


2019–20 2. Bundesliga
Following an offline test phase in the previous season, the video assistant referee system will be used for the first time in the 2. Bundesliga. Also, the number of substitutes allowed on the bench was increased from seven to nine for the 2019–20 season.


2019–20 2. Bundesliga
On 13 March 2020, the DFL suspended the Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. After consultation with the German government, the league resumed behind closed doors on 16 May 2020. The season then concluded on 28 June.


2019–20 2. Bundesliga, Season, Fight for promotion
Arminia Bielefeld was on the way to the top of the table as of the 6 match day. Shortly before the end of the round, they managed to achieve 1st position, and stayed there. Only a few days before the direct promotion and then the 2. Bundesliga championship were determined. Last year's relegation team VfB Stuttgart and Hamburger SV competed for second place, but both of them were never able to start longer winning streaks and fell further and further behind Arminia Bielefeld.


2019–20 2. Bundesliga, Season, Fight for promotion
A game day before the end of the season, no decision had been made as to which team would also advance. With the 2-1 victory against Hamburger SV, last year's fifth-placed 1. FC Heidenheim finally moved to the relegation place, while VfB Stuttgart was able to consolidate second place with a 6-0 in 1. 1. FC Nürnberg and Hamburger SV therefore only had a chance to finish third. In addition, only the VfB Stuttgart had fired its head coach from the top four during the season.


2019–20 2. Bundesliga, Season, Fight for promotion
On the final day of the match 1. FC Heidenheim lost to champion Arminia Bielefeld, but Hamburger SV did not take advantage of this opportunity and had to beat SV Sandhausen 1-5. Therefore, 1. FC Heidenheim held onto third place and competed against SV Werder Bremen in the relegation. After a 0-0 in SV Werder Bremen and a 2-2 in the home game, 1. FC Heidenheim missed the promotion due to the away goals rule.


2019–20 2. Bundesliga, Season, Fight for relegations
The newly promoted SV Wehen Wiesbaden was already in the relegation fight as of the 2 match day and could never get beyond the relegation place with the exception of the 20 match day. Nevertheless, the rescue was still possible until shortly before the end of the season, as was the case with the co-leader Karlsruher SC. In addition to the two, FC St. Pauli, VfL Osnabrück and 1. FC Nürnberg were also relegated to the 3. Liga; FC St. Pauli and VfL Osnabrück finally saved themselves.


2019–20 2. Bundesliga, Season, Fight for relegations
On the final day of the match, this meant a four-way match between 1. FC Nürnberg, Karlsruher SC and SV Wehen Wiesbaden as well as Dynamo Dresden, which had occupied the last place the longest and, after 33 games played, could only push themselves to the relegation rank. Dynamo Dresden played only draws against VfL Osnabrück and was therefore relegated as the last in the table. SV Wehen Wiesbaden played 5-3 against FC St. Pauli, but also had to be relegated as Karlsruher SC won and was able to save themselves in 15th place.


2019–20 2. Bundesliga, Season, Fight for relegations
1. FC Nürnberg also won only one point and would have depended on a home victory of the Frankish rival SpVgg Greuther Fürth against the Karlsruher SC, so as not to have to play for the class maintenance. Therefore, the "Club" was ranked 16th at the end of the season and had to contest the relegation against the previous year's relegation club FC Ingolstadt 04. After a 2-0 win in the first leg, the 1. FC Nürnberg players lost 1-3 in the return match, but remained in the 2. Bundesliga due to the away goals rule.


2019–20 2. Bundesliga, Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany, on 8 March 2020 the Federal Minister of Health, Jens Spahn recommended cancelling events with more than 1,000 people. The following day, the DFL announced that the 2. Bundesliga season would be completed to ensure planning for the following season, and that any postponements would be to matchdays en bloc. In the following days, Timo Hübers, Jannes Horn (both of Hannover 96), Fabian Nürnberger (1. FC Nürnberg) and Stefan Thesker (Holstein Kiel) tested positive for COVID-19, requiring all first team players of the three clubs to self-quarantine.


2019–20 2. Bundesliga, Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic
Fixtures on matchday 26 (13–15 March) were planned to be played without spectators, when necessary, due to local restrictions on public gatherings, but the round was subsequently postponed on 13 March due to safety issues. On 16 March, the DFL general assembly suspended the league until at least 2 April, and scheduled another meeting for the final week of March to discuss how the competition should proceed. The DFL Executive Committee later recommended that the General Assembly, at their meeting on 31 March, extend the suspension until at least 30 April, which was confirmed after that meeting.


2019–20 2. Bundesliga, Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic
The DFL are looking into possible scenarios to finish the season regularly. However, several virologists raised doubts, stating that any professional football matches in Germany, including those behind closed doors, were unrealistic for at least the next 12 months.


2019–20 2. Bundesliga, Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic
On 3 April 2020, the DFL reported that the financial situation of most teams was more serious than thought. 13 of the 36 professional football clubs from the Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga, including nine clubs from the 2. Bundesliga, would have to declare bankruptcy by May or June unless league operations resumed by then. Twelve of those clubs had already used the outstanding license fees (which are dependent on the season to be continued) to pay their March debts to creditors.


2019–20 2. Bundesliga, Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic
At their 31 March meeting, the DFL had decided that clubs that enter insolvency proceedings this season would not suffer the usual deduction of points, and clubs that enter proceedings next season only lose three instead of the usual nine points. After allowing teams to return to training in a limited fashion, the league returned on 16 May to play following approval from local authorities.


2019–20 2. Bundesliga, Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic
On 9 May 2020, two players of Dynamo Dresden tested positive for COVID-19, requiring a 14-day quarantine for the entire first team and training staff, therefore preventing their match scheduled on 17 May against Hannover 96 from taking place. On 14 May, after a meeting of all clubs, five substitutions will be permitted, which has been temporarily allowed by IFAB following a proposal by FIFA to lessen the impact of fixture congestion. The broadcaster Sky Sport announced that for the first two weeks after the restart, the Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga simulcast ("conference") will be shown on free-to-air television in Germany, in order to prevent gatherings of people without pay TV subscriptions.


2019–20 2. Bundesliga, Promotion play-offs, Matches
2–2 on aggregate. Werder Bremen won on away goals, and therefore both clubs remained in their respective leagues.


2019–20 2. Bundesliga, Relegation play-offs, Matches
3–3 on aggregate. 1. FC Nürnberg won on away goals, and therefore both clubs remained in their respective leagues.


2019–20 2. Frauen-Bundesliga
The 2019–20 2. Frauen-Bundesliga was the 16th season of Germany's second-tier women's football league, and the second as a single-division league. The season began on 10 August 2019 and ended on 1 March 2020. The champions and runners-up were promoted to the Frauen-Bundesliga, while no teams were relegated to the Frauen-Regionalliga.


2019–20 2. Frauen-Bundesliga, Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany, on 8 March 2020 the Federal Minister of Health, Jens Spahn recommended cancelling events with more than 1,000 people. On 13 March, the DFB announced that fixtures on matchday 17 (13–15 March) were postponed. On 16 March, it was announced that the league was suspended until 19 April. On 3 April, the suspension was extended until 30 April. A decision on the resumption of the competition, similar to the Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga, took place at an extraordinary meeting of the DFB-Bundestag on 25 May 2020. During that meeting, it was announced that the season would be cancelled with two teams getting promoted and none relegated.


2019–20 2. Liga (Slovakia)
The 2019–20 2. Liga is the 27th season of the 2. Liga in Slovakia, since its establishment in 1993.


2019–20 2. Liga (Slovakia), Teams, Personnel and kits
Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players and Managers may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2019–20 3. Liga
The 2019–20 3. Liga was the twelfth season of the 3. Liga. It started on 19 July 2019 and concluded on 4 July 2020. Bayern Munich II won the league title on the final day of the season to become the first reserve team to win the 3. Liga.


2019–20 3. Liga, Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany, the matchdays 28 and 29 were postponed and will be rescheduled. On 16 March, the DFB announced that the league would be suspended until 30 April. On 27 April, the league was suspended further but with intention to return. A decision on the resumption of the competition, similar to the Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga, took place at an extraordinary meeting of the DFB-Bundestag on 25 May 2020.


2019–20 3. Liga, Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic
On 15 May, after the DFB said earlier that 26 May would be the start date to resume, the date was moved back as not all teams can train again regularly. The intention still was to finish the season, with games maybe even after 30 June. On 21 May, the DFB announced that the season will be continued on 30 May. That was confirmed on 25 May. On 29 May, after a meeting of all clubs, five substitutions will be permitted, which has been temporarily allowed by IFAB following a proposal by FIFA to lessen the impact of fixture congestion.


2019–20 3. Liga (Slovakia)
The 2019–20 3. Liga was the 27th season of the third-tier football league of Slovakia since its establishment in 1993. The league is composed of 64 teams divided in four groups of 16 teams each. Teams are divided into four divisions: 3. liga Bratislava, 3. liga Západ (West), 3. liga Stred (Central), 3. liga Východ (Eastern), according to geographical separation.


2019–20 A-League
The 2019–20 A-League, also known as the 2019–20 Hyundai A-League for sponsorship reasons, was the 43rd season of national level soccer in Australia, and the 15th since the establishment of the A-League in 2004. The regular season commenced on 11 October 2019 and was scheduled to conclude on 26 April 2020, though was postponed to 19 August 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic caused Football Federation Australia (FFA) to suspend the season from late March to mid July. The season resumed on 17 July 2020, which meant the finals occurred in mid-August and the Grand Final was held on 30 August 2020.


2019–20 A-League
Sydney FC were the defending champions and Perth Glory were the defending premiers.


2019–20 A-League, Clubs
The league has been expanded to eleven teams, with the addition of the Western United starting their first season.


2019–20 A-League, Clubs, Foreign players
The following do not fill a Visa position:1Those players who were born and started their professional career abroad but have since gained Australian citizenship (or New Zealand citizenship, in the case of Wellington Phoenix);2Australian citizens (or New Zealand citizens, in the case of Wellington Phoenix) who have chosen to represent another national team;3Injury Replacement Players, or National Team Replacement Players;4Guest Players (eligible to play a maximum of fourteen games);5Players who left at the end of their contract, which was originally at the end of the season, but became mid-season due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia extending the season


2019–20 A-League, Regular season, Effects of the 2019–20 COVID-19 pandemic
Due to the self isolation requirements after overseas travel imposed by the Australian Government on 16 March, both Melbourne Victory and Wellington Phoenix were required to self-isolate having returned from playing in Wellington on 15 March 2020. This led to four games involving both clubs being postponed.


2019–20 A-League, Regular season, Effects of the 2019–20 COVID-19 pandemic
On 16 March 2020, due to restrictions imposed by the Australian Government of gatherings involving more than 500 people, the FFA announced that the remainder of the season would proceed with all games being played behind closed doors. Wellington Phoenix had intended to relocate for the remainder of the season in Sydney in order to keep playing the remainder of its scheduled games. The season was suspended on 24 March.


2019–20 A-League, Regular season, Effects of the 2019–20 COVID-19 pandemic
The season resumed on 17 July 2020, with almost all of the remaining 27 matches in the regular season played in New South Wales.


2019–20 A-League, Statistics, Attendances, By club
These are the attendance records of each of the teams at the end of the home and away season. The table does not include finals series attendances.


2019–20 A-League, Awards
The NAB Young Footballer of the Year Award will be awarded to the finest performance of an under-23 player from Australia or New Zealand throughout the season.


2019–20 A-League, Awards, Annual awards
The following end of the season awards were announced at the 2019–20 Dolan Warren Awards night on 10 September 2020.


2019–20 A.C. ChievoVerona season
The 2019–20 season was the 91st season in the existence of A.C. ChievoVerona and the club's first season back in the second division of Italian football. In addition to the domestic league, Chievo participated in this season's edition of the Coppa Italia.


2019–20 A.C. ChievoVerona season, Players, First-team squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2019–20 A.C. ChievoVerona season, Players, Other players under contract
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2019–20 A.C. ChievoVerona season, Players, On loan
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2019–20 A.C. Milan season
The 2019–20 season was the 121st season in Associazione Calcio Milan's history and their 86th (109th overall) in the top-flight of Italian football. Milan competed in Serie A and in the Coppa Italia. Milan would have also qualified for the UEFA Europa League but was later excluded due to financial fair play issues.


2019–20 A.C. Milan season, Facts and events
On 28 May 2019, head coach Gennaro Gattuso announced he would be leaving the club despite being under contract until 2021. On the same day, also sporting director Leonardo announced his resignation.


2019–20 A.C. Milan season, Facts and events
New society layout was defined on 14 June when iconic former players Paolo Maldini and Zvonimir Boban signed respectively as technical director and technical support. On following 19 June Marco Giampaolo was signed as coach, while 2 days later Frederic Massara signed as sporting director


2019–20 A.C. Milan season, Facts and events
On 28 June 2019, Milan have been excluded from the 2019–20 UEFA Europa League as a result of Financial Fair Play breaches.


2019–20 A.C. Milan season, Facts and events
On 8 October 2019, Milan dismissed coach Marco Giampaolo (due to poor results) after only 3 months of employment. On the following day, Stefano Pioli was announced as his substitute.


2019–20 A.C. Milan season, Facts and events
On 7 March 2020, it was announced that the contract with the club's "Chief Football Officer" Zvonimir Boban had been terminated. A week prior to his dismissal, Boban was interviewed by La Gazzetta dello Sport and criticized the club's CEO Ivan Gazidis over rumors involving him signing a secret pre-contract deal with football manager Ralf Rangnick for the following season. After Boban's dismissal was officialized, the club's chairman Paolo Scaroni stated his support of Gazidis. However, on 21 July 2020, the contract with current coach Stefano Pioli was extended until conclusion of the 2021/22 season.


2019–20 A.C. Milan season, Transfers, Winter window
Deals officialised beforehand will be effective starting from 2 January 2020.


2019–20 A.C. Milan season, Statistics, Goal scorers
In italics players that left the team during the season.


2019–20 A.C. Milan season, Statistics, Assists
In italics players that left the team during the season.


2019–20 A.C. Milan season, Statistics, Disciplinary record
In italics players that left the team during the season.


2019–20 A.S. Roma season
The 2019–20 season was Associazione Sportiva Roma's 92nd in existence and 91st season in the top flight of Italian football. Having finished sixth the previous season, the club competed in Serie A, the Coppa Italia, and the UEFA Europa League.


2019–20 A.S. Roma season
Shakhtar Donetsk coach Paulo Fonseca was hired by the club on 11 June to replace interim manager Claudio Ranieri, hired following the sacking of Eusebio Di Francesco the previous season, on a permanent basis.


2019–20 A.S. Roma season
The season was the first since 2000-01 without Daniele de Rossi part of the first-team squad, who joined Boca Juniors.


2019–20 A.S. Viterbese Castrense season
Viterbese Castrense are an Italian football club which are based in Viterbo. During the 2019-20 campaign they will be participating in the following competitions: Serie C, Coppa Italia, Coppa Italia Serie C.


2019–20 A.S. Viterbese Castrense season, Current squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Where a player has not declared an international allegiance, nation is determined by place of birth.


2019–20 ABA League First Division
The 2019–20 ABA League First Division was the 19th season of the ABA League with 12 teams from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro,  Slovenia and Serbia participating in it. The season started on 4 October 2019 and played its last games on 9 March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


2019–20 ABA League First Division
On 12 March 2020, the ABA League Assembly temporarily suspended its competitions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On 27 May 2020, the ABA League Assembly canceled definitely its competitions due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


2019–20 ABA League First Division
Crvena zvezda mts was the defending champion and as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the ABA League Assembly decided not to recognize any team as the champion for the season.


2019–20 ABA League First Division, Teams, Promotion and relegation
A total of 12 teams will contest the league, including 11 sides from the 2018–19 season and one promoted from the 2018–19 Second Division.


2019–20 ABA League First Division, Regular season
The regular season starts in September 2019 and ends in March 2020.


2019–20 ABA League Second Division
The 2019–20 ABA League Second Division was the 3rd season of the ABA Second Division with 12 teams from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Slovenia participating in it.


2019–20 ABA League Second Division
On 12 March 2020, the ABA League Assembly temporarily suspended its competitions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On 27 May 2020, the ABA League Assembly canceled definitely its competitions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The ABA League Assembly decided not to recognize any team as the champion for the season, and decided to award the two wild cards for the 2020–21 ABA First League season to Borac Čačak and Split.


2019–20 ABA League Second Division, Teams, Team allocation
The labels in the parentheses show how each team qualified for the place of its starting round:


2019–20 ABL season
The 2019–20 ABL season was the tenth season of competition of the ASEAN Basketball League. The regular season started on 16 November 2019 and was set to end on 28 March 2020.


2019–20 ABL season
On 15 July 2020, the league announced the cancellation of the season due to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. No league title was awarded.


2019–20 ABL season, Teams
Listed are the following team changes that happened before the start of the season:


2019–20 ABL season, Regular season
Each team will play 26 games throughout the season, 13 at home and 13 away. Each team will play the remaining 4 teams in their group, twice each at home and away. Each team will also play the 5 teams from the other group, once each at home and away. The groupings are as follows:


2019–20 ABL season, Regular season
After the league season was suspended due to COVID-19 pandemic, group leaders, Mono Vampire decided to withdraw from the league.


2019–20 AC Ajaccio season
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by S.A. Julio (talk | contribs) at 10:45, 25 April 2021 (→Matches: linking). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


2019–20 AC Ajaccio season
The 2019–20 season was the 100th season in the existence of AC Ajaccio and the club's sixth consecutive season in the second division of French football. In addition to the domestic league, Ajaccio participated in this season's editions of the Coupe de France and the Coupe de la Ligue. The season was scheduled to cover the period from 1 July 2019 to 30 June 2020.


2019–20 AC Ajaccio season, Players, First-team squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2019–20 AC Ajaccio season, Competitions, Ligue 2, Matches
The league fixtures were announced on 14 June 2019. The Ligue 2 matches were suspended by the LFP on 13 March 2020 due to COVID-19 until further notices. On 28 April 2020, it was announced that Ligue 1 and Ligue 2 campaigns would not resume, after the country banned all sporting events until September. On 30 April, The LFP ended officially the 2019–20 season.


2019–20 AC Sparta Prague season
The 2019–20 AC Sparta Prague season was the club's 125th season in existence and the 27th consecutive season in the top flight of Czech football. In addition to the domestic league, AC Sparta Prague participated in this season's editions of the Czech Cup and the UEFA Europa League. The season covered the period from 1 July 2019 to 8 July 2020.


2019–20 AC Sparta Prague season, Players, Current squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2019–20 AC Sparta Prague season, Players, Out on loan
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2019–20 ACB season
The 2019–20 ACB season, also known as Liga Endesa for sponsorship reasons, was the 37th season of the top Spanish professional basketball league, since its establishment in 1983. It started on 24 September 2019 with the first round of the regular season and ended on 30 June 2020 in an exceptional end-of-season tournament in Valencia due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


2019–20 ACB season
Real Madrid was the defending champion which was eliminated by San Pablo Burgos which qualified to semifinals for its first time. Kirolbet Baskonia won their fourth ACB and Spanish title after 10 years of the last Spanish title.


2019–20 ACB season, Teams, Promotion and relegation (pre-season)
A total of 18 teams contested the league, including 16 sides from the 2018–19 season and two promoted from the 2018–19 LEB Oro. This include the top team from the LEB Oro, and the winners of the LEB Oro Final Four.


2019–20 ACB season, Season summary
On March 10, 2020, the Ministry of Health of Spain decreed that all games would be played behind closed doors due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On March 11, 2020, ACB postponed all the games of the Rounds 24 and 25, as well as those postponed games that were planned in this period. On March 16, 2020, the ACB clubs agreed unanimously on the temporary suspension of the league until April 24. On April 2, 2020, ACB suspended indefinitely the league and started to work on future scenarios to restart the league.


2019–20 ACB season, Season summary
On April 20, 2020, the ACB clubs agreed unanimously to finish prematurely the regular season due to force majeure and to continue the league with a 12-team format with two groups and a Final Four to decide the winner, with all games played in a single stage. Relegations to LEB Oro were revoked. On May 27, 2020, ACB selected and announced Valencia to host the exceptional playoffs in the two last weeks of June.


2019–20 ACB season, Regular season, Positions by round
The table lists the positions of teams after completion of each round. In order to preserve chronological evolvements, any postponed matches are not included in the round at which they were originally scheduled, but added to the full round they were played immediately afterwards.