2019 Bremen state election
The 2019 Bremen state election was held on 26 May 2019 to elect the members of the Bürgerschaft of Bremen, as well as the city councils of Bremen and Bremerhaven. The election took place on the same day as the 2019 European Parliament election.


2019 Bremen state election
The opposition Christian Democratic Union (CDU) became the largest party in the Bürgerschaft, while the Social Democratic Party (SPD) fell to second place. The Greens and The Left also recorded small upswings.


2019 Bremen state election
Despite winning a narrow plurality, the CDU was opposed by a left-wing majority in the Bürgerschaft. Incumbent Mayor Carsten Sieling resigned after the election, and was succeeded by fellow SPD member Andreas Bovenschulte, who formed a three-party coalition government between the SPD, Greens, and Left. This was the first time that The Left had been involved in a government in western Germany.


2019 Bremen state election, Parties
The table below lists parties represented in the previous Bürgerschaft of Bremen.


2019 Brentwood Borough Council election
The 2019 Brentwood Borough Council election took place on 2 May 2019 to elect members of Brentwood Borough Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections.


2019 Brest Challenger
The 2019 Brest Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the fifth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Brest, France between 21 and 27 October 2019.


2019 Brest Challenger, Singles main draw entrants, Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:


2019 Brest Challenger, Singles main draw entrants, Other entrants
The following player received entry into the singles main draw as a special exempt:


2019 Brest Challenger – Doubles
Sander Gillé and Joran Vliegen were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.


2019 Brest Challenger – Doubles
Denys Molchanov and Andrei Vasilevski won the title after defeating Andrea Vavassori and David Vega Hernández 6–3, 6–1 in the final.


2019 Brest Challenger – Singles
Hubert Hurkacz was the defending champion but chose not to defend his title.


2019 Brest Challenger – Singles
Ugo Humbert won the title after defeating Evgeny Donskoy 6–2, 6–3 in the final.


2019 Bretagne Classic Ouest–France
The 2019 Bretagne Classic Ouest–France was a road cycling one-day race that took place on 1 September 2019 in France. It was the 83rd edition of Bretagne Classic Ouest–France and the 34th event of the 2019 UCI World Tour. It was won by Sep Vanmarcke.


2019 Bretagne Classic Ouest–France, Teams
Twenty-five teams, including all 18 UCI WorldTour teams and seven UCI Professional Continental teams, participated in the race. Each team could enter a maximum of seven riders, but Astana, Bahrain–Merida, and Team Katusha–Alpecin each submitted six riders, meaning the race began with a peloton of 172 riders. Of those riders, only 90 finished the race.


2019 Brickyard 400
The 2019 Brickyard 400, branded as Big Machine Vodka 400 at the Brickyard presented by Golden Corral, was a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held on September 8, 2019 at Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana. It is the 26th running of the Brickyard 400. Contested over 160 laps on the 2.5-mile (4.0 km) speedway, it was the 26th race of the 2019 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season, and the final race of the regular season before the playoffs.


2019 Brickyard 400, Report, Background
The Indianapolis Motor Speedway, located in Speedway, Indiana, (an enclave suburb of Indianapolis) in the United States, is the home of the Indianapolis 500 and the Brickyard 400. It is located on the corner of 16th Street and Georgetown Road, approximately six miles (10 km) west of Downtown Indianapolis.


2019 Brickyard 400, Report, Background
Constructed in 1909, it is the original speedway, the first racing facility so named. It has a permanent seating capacity estimated at 235,000 with infield seating raising capacity to an approximate 400,000. It is the highest-capacity sports venue in the world.


2019 Brickyard 400, Report, Background
Considered relatively flat by American standards, the track is a 2.5-mile (4.0 km), nearly rectangular oval with dimensions that have remained essentially unchanged since its inception: four 0.25-mile (0.40 km) turns, two 0.625-mile long (1.006 km) straightaways between the fourth and first turns and the second and third turns, and two .125-mile (0.201 km) short straightaways – termed "short chutes" – between the first and second, and third and fourth turns.


2019 Brickyard 400, Practice, First practice
Kyle Larson was the fastest in the first practice session with a time of 48.642 seconds and a speed of 185.025 mph (297.769 km/h).


2019 Brickyard 400, Practice, Final practice
Paul Menard was the fastest in the final practice session with a time of 48.628 seconds and a speed of 185.079 mph (297.856 km/h).


2019 Brickyard 400, Qualifying
Kevin Harvick scored the pole for the race with a time of 48.448 and a speed of 185.766 mph (298.961 km/h).


2019 Brickyard 400, Media, Television
NBC Sports covered the race on the television side. The broadcast was produced similarly to NBC's Watkins Glen International race broadcasts. Rick Allen and Steve Letarte had the call in the booth for the race. Motor Racing Network broadcaster Mike Bagley called from Turn 2, Dale Earnhardt Jr. called from Turn 3, and Jeff Burton called from Turn 4. Dave Burns, Marty Snider and Kelli Stavast reported from pit lane during the race.


2019 Brickyard 400, Media, Radio
Indianapolis Motor Speedway Radio Network and the Performance Racing Network jointly co-produced the radio broadcast for the race, which was simulcast on Sirius XM NASCAR Radio, and aired on IMS or PRN stations, depending on contractual obligations. The lead announcers and two pit reporters were PRN staff, while the turns and two pit reporters were from IMS.


2019 Bridgeport, Connecticut mayoral election
The 2019 Bridgeport, Connecticut mayoral election was held on November 5, 2019. It saw the reelection of incumbent mayor and former 2018 Guberbatorial candidate Joseph Ganim.


2019 Bridgeport, Connecticut mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary
Democratic incumbent Joseph Ganim narrowly won renomination over state senator Marilyn Moore. Moore had won the votes cast on election day, but her lead was surmounted by Ganim once absentee ballots were counted.


2019 Bridgeport, Connecticut mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary
Moore had filed a lawsuit alleging that there was “irregularities and illegal conduct” surrounding absentee ballots and requesting a judge order a re-do of the primary election.


2019 Brighton and Hove City Council election
Elections to Brighton and Hove City Council election took place on 2 May 2019, electing all 54 members of the council, alongside other local elections in England and Northern Ireland.


2019 Brighton and Hove City Council election
The Labour Party lost 3 seats compared to the last election in 2015 but recovered its place as the largest party on the council, having seen its numbers reduced from 23 to 19 over the four years following 2015, while the strength of the Conservative group had been increased by one member in 2019, as a Labour councillor had changed allegiance shortly before the election. In addition to Labour and the Conservatives, the Green Party, which was in minority control from 2011 to 2015, fielded candidates for every seat on the council at this election.


2019 Brighton and Hove City Council election
Other parties contesting were the Liberal Democrats, the Women's Equality Party (for the first time in the city, with two candidates) and United Kingdom Independence Party, together with a number of independent candidates.


2019 Brighton and Hove City Council election
Following the election, the Labour minority administration that had governed since 2015 continued in office, however a little over a year later, in July 2020, the Greens regained control of the Council, after the incumbent Labour administration collapsed when three Labour councillors, two of which were accused of antisemitism quit.


2019 Brighton and Hove City Council election, Background and campaigning
The Green Party lost their minority control of the council after the 2015 election, following internal disputes. Labour became the largest party on the council, winning 23 seats. This was reduced in 2017 to 22 after a Labour councillor, Michael Inkpin-Leissner, for Hollingdean and Stanmer became an independent. There have been two council by-elections since the last election: the first in 2016 in the East Brighton ward was won by Lloyd Russell-Moyle, and the second, 18 months later and for the same seat, when Russell-Moyle resigned as a councillor having been elected as MP for Brighton Kemptown.


2019 Brighton and Hove City Council election, Background and campaigning
Warren Morgan, Labour leader of the council, resigned from the position in February 2018, some attributing it to internal party conflicts related to the rise of  Momentum, a left-wing campaigning group within the Labour Party, who supported many of the candidates selected for seats in the city. In February 2019 Morgan resigned his Labour membership, to form a bloc supporting The Independent Group with Inkpin-Leissner. Anne Meadows, a Labour councillor, defected to the Conservatives, making the Conservatives the largest party on the council. Fifteen councilors were reported to be standing down at this election.


2019 Brighton and Hove City Council election, Background and campaigning
Labour published its manifesto in late March, with key policies such as building 800 new council homes over the next four years, making the city carbon neutral by 2030 and auditing outsourced services and bringing them back into council services should they fail in value. Controversy came when a provisional version of the document was leaked to the local media titled the "many-fest", a 210-page document that brought together ideas from consultation of local labour members.


2019 Brighton and Hove City Council election, Background and campaigning
The Green Party also posted their manifesto and coordinated their campaigning with Young Greens of England and Wales, who organised their activists from around the country to go to Brighton in April.


2019 Brighton and Hove City Council election, Background and campaigning
The Liberal Democrats released a manifesto focusing on five major themes, including housing and homelessness, with a flagship proposal of developing 1,500 new homes on part of the council-owned Hollingbury golf course.


2019 Brighton and Hove City Council election, Background and campaigning
The Conservatives announced their proposal to use money in the city council's reserves to fund projects, as well as the establishment of a local lottery programme to invest in sports and cultural facilities. A Conservative candidate standing in the Westbourne ward was forced to resign during the local campaigning period due to him posting islamophobic and other offensive jokes online.


2019 Brighton and Hove City Council election, Background and campaigning
A hustings for the elections – which focused on community housing in the city – was hosted on 27 March with councillors from Labour, the Conservatives, the Green party and a Liberal Democrat candidate.


2019 Brighton and Hove City Council election, Wards and candidates
Details of the candidates for the 21 wards of the authority were published by the council after nominations closed on 3 April.


2019 Brighton and Hove City Council election, By-elections, Hollingdean and Stanmer
A by-election was called for 6 May 2021 due to the resignation of incumbent Labour councillor Tracey Hill. The by-election was subsequently won by the Green Party.


2019 Brighton and Hove City Council election, By-elections, Patcham
A by-election was called for 6 May 2021 due to the resignation of incumbent Conservative councillor Lee Wares. The Conservatives held the seat, but with a reduced majority.


2019 Brisbane Darts Masters
The 2019 Brisbane Darts Masters, in association with Pirate Life was the second staging of the tournament by the Professional Darts Corporation, as the third entry in the 2019 World Series of Darts. The tournament featured 16 players (eight PDC players facing eight regional qualifiers) and was held at the BCEC in Brisbane, Australia from 9–10 August 2019.


2019 Brisbane Darts Masters
Rob Cross was the defending champion, after defeating Michael van Gerwen 11–6 in the 2018 final, but lost to Damon Heta 8–7 in the final.


2019 Brisbane Darts Masters
Damon Heta won his first televised title after defeating the defending champion Rob Cross 8–7 in the final on his birthday. Heta only become the second regional qualifier to win a World Series event after compatriot and best friend Kyle Anderson won the 2017 Auckland Darts Masters, this also meant that he was the first ever host nation player to win and the first ever non-Tour Card player to win.


2019 Brisbane Darts Masters, Qualifiers
The eight invited PDC representatives, (seeded according to the World Series Order of Merit) were:


2019 Brisbane International
The 2019 Brisbane International was a tournament on the 2019 ATP Tour and 2019 WTA Tour. It was played on outdoor hard courts in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was the eleventh edition of the tournament and took place at the Queensland Tennis Centre in Tennyson. It was held from 30 December 2018 to 6 January 2019 as part of the Australian Open Series in preparation for the first Grand Slam of the year.


2019 Brisbane International, Points and prize money, Prize money
1Qualifiers prize money is also the Round of 32 prize money. *per team


2019 Brisbane International, ATP singles main draw entrants, Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:


2019 Brisbane International, ATP singles main draw entrants, Other entrants
The following players received entry into the singles main draw using a protected ranking:


2019 Brisbane International, ATP doubles main draw entrants, Other entrants
The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:


2019 Brisbane International, WTA singles main draw entrants, Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:


2019 Brisbane International, WTA doubles main draw entrants, Other entrants
The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:


2019 Brisbane International – Men's Doubles
Henri Kontinen and John Peers were the defending champions but lost in the first round to Kyle Edmund and Neal Skupski.


2019 Brisbane International – Men's Doubles
Marcus Daniell and Wesley Koolhof won the title, defeating Rajeev Ram and Joe Salisbury in the final, 6–4, 7–6(8–6).


2019 Brisbane International – Men's Singles
Nick Kyrgios was the defending champion, but lost in the second round to Jérémy Chardy.


2019 Brisbane International – Men's Singles
Kei Nishikori won the title, defeating Daniil Medvedev in the final, 6–4, 3–6, 6–2. The win ended Nishikori's streak of nine consecutive finals lost on the ATP World Tour.


2019 Brisbane International – Men's Singles, Seeds
The top four seeds receive a bye into the second round.


2019 Brisbane International – Women's Doubles
Kiki Bertens and Demi Schuurs were the defending champions but lost in the first round to Kristina Mladenovic and Galina Voskoboeva.


2019 Brisbane International – Women's Doubles
Nicole Melichar and Květa Peschke won the title, defeating Chan Hao-ching and Latisha Chan in the final, 6–1, 6–1.


2019 Brisbane International – Women's Singles
Elina Svitolina was the defending champion, but lost to Aliaksandra Sasnovich – in a repeat of the previous year's final – in the second round.


2019 Brisbane International – Women's Singles
Karolína Plíšková won the title, defeating Lesia Tsurenko in the final, 4–6, 7–5, 6–2.


2019 Brisbane International – Women's Singles, Seeds
The top two seeds received a bye into the second round.


2019 Brit Awards
The 2019 Brit Awards were held on 20 February 2019 at The O2 Arena in London. It was the 39th edition of the British Phonographic Industry's annual pop music awards. On 26 November 2018, Jack Whitehall was announced as the host for the second year running. Sir David Adjaye was announced as the official designer of the BRIT statuette. In December 2018, it was announced that BBC Radio 1, Live Lounge and Top of the Pops host Clara Amfo hosted the BRITs Are Coming Nominations Launch Show on 12 January 2019. Clara Amfo and Alice Levine was live from the Red Carpet before the Main Show on ITV2.


2019 Brit Awards
On 11 February 2019, it was announced that Hugh Jackman would open the ceremony with a song from The Greatest Showman soundtrack and on 13 February 2019 during her appearance on BBC One's The One Show with Alex Jones and Matt Baker, Clara Amfo confirmed that Pink would close the ceremony.


2019 Brit Awards, Performers, Main show
Sam SmithIn the Lonely Hour – 53 (+1)The Thrill of It All – 83 (+3)


2019 Brit Awards, YouTube Music and Facebook hosts
On 14 February 2019, it was announced that Capital FM Breakfast Show host Vick Hope and Todrick Hall would host the YouTube Music Live Stream from 7:45pm GMT and it was also announced on the same day, that Jamie Laing and Yasmin Evans would host the Facebook Red Carpet Live Stream from 4:30pm GMT.


2019 Britcar Endurance Championship
The 2019 Dunlop Endurance Championship is a motor racing championship for GT cars, touring cars, sportscars and Production cars held across England. Cars compete in five classes with a car's class decided on horsepower, momentum, equipment, etc. It was the 17th season of a Britcar championship, the 8th run as the Britcar Endurance Championship and the 4th run as the Dunlop Britcar Endurance Championship. The championship changed back to 60-minute races for 2019.: The season began on 30 March at Silverstone and ended on 10 November at Brands Hatch.


2019 Britcar Endurance Championship
Dunlop supplied tyres for every team at all events throughout the year.


2019 Britcar Endurance Championship
The Class 1 championship title was won by Tim Gray, Alistair Boulton and Grant Williams, Paul Bailey and Andy Schulz were the Class 2 champions, the Class 3 champions were Mark and Peter Cunningham, Tim Docker won the Class 4 championship title and Class 5 was won by Chris Murphy. The overall championship was sealed by Paul Bailey and Andy Schulz, who were 34 points ahead of Tim Docker.


2019 Britcar Endurance Championship
The season also saw the entry and marked the racing debut of the Brabham BT62.


2019 Britcar Endurance Championship, Calendar
Each race, 1-hour or 2-hours, would consist of one mandatory pit stop and driver change


2019 Britcar Endurance Championship, Teams and drivers
Cars are assigned classed based on speed, horsepower, momentum, equipment fitted to the car and the car's model;Class 1: GT3, prototype carsClass 2: GT4, cup (one-make series) carsClass 3: Cup (one-make series) carsClass 4: GT4, cup and TCR carsClass 5: Production cars


2019 British Academy Scotland Awards
The 29th British Academy Scotland Awards were held on 3 November 2019 at the DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel Glasgow Central, honouring the best Scottish film and television productions of 2018. The nominations were announced by Edith Bowman on 25 September 2019.


2019 British Academy Scotland Awards, Nominees, Outstanding Contribution to Television
The Creative Team Behind Still Game: Greg Hemphill, Ford Kiernan, Michael Hines.


2019 British Academy Television Awards
The 2019 British Academy Television Awards were held on 12 May 2019 at the Royal Festival Hall in London. The nominations were announced on 28 March 2019, whilst the nominees for the "Virgin TV’s Must-See Moments" were announced on 27 March 2019. The 2019 British Academy Television Craft Awards were held on 28 April 2019.


2019 British Academy Television Awards, Programmes with multiple nominations
The following is a list of programmes with multiple nominations at both the 2019 British Academy Television Awards and the 2019 British Academy Television Craft Awards.


2019 British Academy Television Awards, Ceremony Information
On 2 April 2019, it was announced that following a 2 year break, Graham Norton would return to host the 2019 BAFTA Television Awards.


2019 British Academy Television Awards, Controversy
The inclusion of Killing Eve attracted some controversy as BAFTA rules state that a programme must have its premiere in the UK before elsewhere in order to be eligible, and Killing Eve premiered on BBC America in the US in April 2018, but in the UK in September 2018. BAFTA subsequently amended its eligibility rules, removing the requirement for UK programmes to premiere in the UK.


2019 British Academy Television Craft Awards
The 20th Annual British Academy Television Craft Awards are presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) and was held on 28 April 2019.The awards were held at The Brewery, City of London, and given in recognition of technical achievements in British television of 2018.


2019 British Athletics Championships
The 2019 British Athletics Championships was the national championship in outdoor track and field for athletes in the United Kingdom, held from 24–25 August 2019 at Alexander Stadium in Birmingham. It was organised by UK Athletics. A full range of outdoor events were held up to 5000 metres. The competition served as the main selection event for the 2019 World Athletics Championships.


2019 British Athletics Championships
The British Championships for 10,000 metres were held during the European 10,000m Cup as part of the Night of 10,000 metres PBs event at Highgate Stadium on 6 July. This event also served as the main qualification event for the 2019 World Championships 10,000 m.


2019 British Athletics Championships
Selections for the men's and women's marathons were based on results in the 2019 London Marathon.


2019 British Champions Series
The 2019 British Champions Series, sponsored by QIPCO, was the ninth edition of the horse racing series comprising 35 of the UK's top flat races. The series began with the 2,000 Guineas at Newmarket on 4 May, and concluded with British Champions Day at Ascot on 19 October.


2019 British Champions Series, Results
The series was split into five categories: Sprint, Mile, Middle Distance, Long Distance and Fillies & Mares. Each category included seven races.


2019 British Columbia Scotties Tournament of Hearts
The 2019 Scotties BC Women's Curling Championship presented by Best Western and Nufloors, the provincial women's curling championship for British Columbia, was held January 29 to February 3 at the West Fraser Centre in Quesnel. The winning Sarah Wark team represented British Columbia at the 2019 Scotties Tournament of Hearts in Sydney, Nova Scotia.


2019 British Columbia Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Round robin results
All draw times are listed in Pacific Standard Time (UTC-08:00)


2019 British Figure Skating Championships
The 2019 British Figure Skating Championships were held in Sheffield from 26 November to 1 December 2018. BBC Sport covered events on Friday 30 November and Saturday 1 December. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing on the senior, junior, and novice levels. The results were among the criteria used to determine international assignments.


2019 British Figure Skating Championships, Senior results, Ice dance
Lilah Fear / Lewis Gibson were second after a fall in the rhythm dance but overtook Robynne Tweedale / Joseph Buckland in the next segment.


2019 British Figure Skating Championships, International team selections, European Championships
Following the conclusion of the British Championships, the team for the 2019 European Championships was published.


2019 British GT Championship
The 2019 British GT Championship was the 27th British GT Championship, a sports car championship promoted by the Stéphane Ratel Organisation (SRO). The season began on 20 April at Oulton Park and finished on 15 September at Donington Park, after ten rounds held over seven meetings.


2019 British GT Championship, Calendar
The calendar for the 2019 season was announced on 30 July 2018. Except for the Belgian round at Spa, all races were held in the United Kingdom.


2019 British GT Championship, Race Results
Bold indicates overall winner for each car class (GT3 and GT4).


2019 British GT Championship, Championship Standings, Drivers' Championships, Blancpain Trophy
1 – Driver scored 5 points for being fastest in the Am Driver Qualifying Session.


2019 British GT Championship, Championship Standings, Teams' Championship
Only the two best results of a team per race count towards the Teams' Championship.


2019 British Grand Prix
The 2019 British Grand Prix (formally known as the Formula 1 Rolex British Grand Prix 2019) was a Formula One motor race held on 14 July 2019 at the Silverstone Circuit in Silverstone, United Kingdom. The race was the 10th round of the 2019 Formula One World Championship. It marked the 74th running of the British Grand Prix, the 70th time that the race has been run as a World Championship event and the 53rd time that the World Championship event has been held at the Silverstone Circuit. Lewis Hamilton won the race for a record sixth time.


2019 British Grand Prix, Background
Formally called the "Formula 1 Rolex British Grand Prix 2019", this was a Formula One Grand Prix event and the tenth round of the 2019 Formula One World Championship. The event took place over the weekend of 12–14 July 2019 at the Silverstone motor racing circuit in Northamptonshire. The circuit had a lap length of 5.891 km (3.660 miles) and, prior to the race, a lap record time of 1'30.621, set by Lewis Hamilton during the 2017 British Grand Prix. The race length was set as 306.198 km (190.263 miles), which is 52 laps of the circuit.


2019 British Grand Prix, Background
With the first British Grand Prix having been held in 1926 and the second in 1927 and then there having been one held each year since 1948, with each race since 1950 being a World Championship event, the 2019 event was the 74th time that the British Grand Prix had been held and the 70th time it had been a World Championship event.


2019 British Grand Prix, Background
The race was officially started by Charlie Whiting's son, Justin Whiting, as a tribute to his father, who had died prior to the season opening 2019 Australian Grand Prix. Prior to the start of the race, Sebastian Vettel gave a brief speech in commemoration of Whiting.


2019 British Grand Prix, Background, Championship standings before the race
Heading into the race, Lewis Hamilton had a 31-point advantage over teammate Valtteri Bottas in the Drivers' Championship. In the Constructors' Championship, Mercedes held a 135-point advantage over Ferrari.


2019 British Grand Prix, Background, Entrants
The drivers and teams entered were the same as those on the season entry list with no additional stand-in drivers for either the race or practice.


2019 British Grand Prix, Practice
The first practice session ended with Pierre Gasly fastest for Red Bull almost half a second ahead of second placed Valtteri Bottas who was a further 0.4 seconds ahead of Gasly's teammate Max Verstappen. The only major incidents were Romain Grosjean crashing his car on the pit exit and Kimi Räikkönen's Alfa Romeo stopping on the Wellington straight, the latter of which brought out a red flag. The drivers all struggled with track grip levels throughout the session due to the track having been recently resurfaced and although there was some brief rain it had little impact on the running in the session.


2019 British Grand Prix, Race, Race summary
On Lap 1, the two Haas drivers collided at the exit of turn five. Both cars pitted, but both would go on to retire as a result of the damage, Kevin Magnussen on Lap 6 and Romain Grosjean on Lap 9. Valtteri Bottas and Lewis Hamilton fought for the lead, with Bottas maintaining 1st place until Lap 4, when Hamilton overtook at turn seven. Bottas then regained the lead shortly after at turn nine.


2019 British Grand Prix, Race, Race summary
After battling for 3rd place in the preceding laps, Charles Leclerc and Max Verstappen entered the pits at the same time on Lap 14, with Leclerc ahead. The Red Bull pit stop was the faster of the two and Verstappen emerged in front after the two cars were side by side whilst driving through the pit-lane. However, this lead would not last, as Verstappen ran wide shortly after at turn 4, allowing Leclerc through.


2019 British Grand Prix, Race, Race summary
Bottas pitted from the lead at the end of Lap 16, emerging behind Hamilton and Sebastian Vettel. Three laps later, Antonio Giovinazzi, who was running in 9th place, suffered a mechanical failure and spun into the gravel at turn 16. This incident brought out the safety car, allowing Hamilton an advantageous pit stop, maintaining the lead from Bottas. Other drivers including Vettel, Leclerc, Verstappen and Pierre Gasly also came into the pits.


2019 British Grand Prix, Race, Race summary
Racing resumed on Lap 24. Sergio Pérez and Nico Hülkenberg made contact shortly after the restart, damaging Pérez's front wing. This forced Pérez to pit and caused him to eventually finish the race last of the running cars in 17th place. Verstappen and Leclerc continued to battle for position, until Verstappen began to pull away and was allowed through by his teammate Gasly, taking 4th place.


2019 British Grand Prix, Race, Race summary
Leclerc overtook Gasly around the outside of turn 3 on Lap 36, taking 5th position. Shortly after, Verstappen took 3rd place from Vettel on the Hangar Straight. However, in an attempt to retake the position, Vettel locked up his brakes and collided with the back of the Red Bull at the entry to turn 16. Both cars spun into the gravel, but were able to escape and continue the race, with them both emerging behind Leclerc and Gasly. Vettel fell down the order over the remainder of the lap due to damage to his front wing, before pitting to have it replaced. He would go on to cross the line in 15th place, but was handed a 10-second penalty for causing a collision, demoting him to 16th.


2019 British Grand Prix, Race, Race summary
Lewis Hamilton won the race for a record sixth time, claiming the extra point for recording the fastest lap of the race on his final lap, and setting a new lap record of 1:27.369.


2019 British Grand Prix, Race, Race summary
On lap 12, for Pierre Gasly's pit stop, the Red Bull Racing team broke the record for the fastest pit stop time, with 1.91 seconds, beating the previous time of 1.92 seconds, which was jointly held by Red Bull and Williams and had stood since 2013.


2019 British Indoor Athletics Championships
The 2019 British Indoor Athletics Championships was the national indoor track and field competition for British athletes, held on 9 and 10 February 2019 at the Arena Birmingham in Birmingham, England. The event served as the team trials for the 2019 European Athletics Indoor Championships.


2019 British Indoor Athletics Championships
Holly Bradshaw set a championship record in the women's pole vault, with a clearance of 4.80 metres.


2019 British Motocross Championship
The 2019 British Motocross Championship is the 68th British Motocross Championship season. Evgeny Bobryshev will start the season as the defending champion in the MX1 class, with Conrad Mewse going into 2019 as the reigning champion in the MX2 class. The championship is due to start on 10 March at FatCat MotoParc, near Armthorpe and will conclude after eight rounds on 15 September at Landrake.


2019 British National Track Championships
The 2019 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 25–27 January 2019 at the Manchester Velodrome. They are organised and sanctioned by British Cycling, and were open to British cyclists. The championships were sponsored by HSBC.


2019 British Rally Championship
The 2019 MSA British Rally Championship will be the 61st season of the series, the premier rally competition in the UK.


2019 British Rally Championship, Calendar
The 2019 championship will be contested over six rounds in six different territories England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, Ireland and Belgium. The Wales Rally GB has been added as a reserve event. The events will be held on both tarmac and gravel surfaces.


2019 British Rally Championship, Drivers Points Classification, Scoring system
Points are awarded as follows: 25, 18, 15, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, 1. Drivers may nominate one event as their 'joker', on which they will score additional points: 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. Competitors five best scores will count towards their championship total.


2019 British Rowing Junior Championships
The 2019 British Rowing Junior Championships were the 48th edition of the National Junior Championships, held from 19–21 July 2019 at the National Water Sports Centre in Holme Pierrepont, Nottingham. They are organised and sanctioned by British Rowing, and are open to British junior rowers.


2019 British Speedway Championship
The 2019 British Speedway Championship was the 59th edition of the British Speedway Championship. Robert Lambert was the defending champion having won the title in 2018. The competition consisted of one semi-final and a final, with six riders qualifying from the semi-final, there were 10 riders seeded to the final. These riders were Robert Lambert, Rory Schlein, Chris Harris, Dan Bewley, Craig Cook, Richard Lawson, Edward Kennett, Scott Nicholls, Adam Ellis and Danny King. However, Lambert and Ellis missed out on the final due to injury, so Lambert was unable to defend his title. The championship was won by Charles Wright for the first time, King finished second, while Cook took third place.


2019 British Speedway Championship, Results, The Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


2019 British Superbike Championship
The 2019 British Superbike Championship season was the 32nd British Superbike Championship season.


2019 British Superbike Championship, Championship standings, Riders' championship
Points are awarded to the top fifteen finishers. A rider has to finish the race to earn points.


2019 British Touring Car Championship
The 2019 Kwik Fit British Touring Car Championship (commonly abbreviated as BTCC) was a motor racing championship for production-based touring cars held across England and Scotland. The championship featured a mix of professional motor racing teams and privately funded amateur drivers competing in highly modified versions of family cars which are sold to the general public and conform to the technical regulations for the championship. The 2019 season was the 62nd British Touring Car Championship season and the ninth season for cars conforming to the Next Generation Touring Car (NGTC) technical specification.


2019 British Touring Car Championship, Race calendar
The championship calendar was announced by the championship organisers on 13 June 2018. Rockingham Motor Speedway will be replaced in the calendar by a second Thruxton Circuit round.


2019 British Virgin Islands general election
General elections were held in the British Virgin Islands on 25 February 2019. For the first time, four parties with at least one incumbent member were contesting an election.


2019 British Virgin Islands general election
The result was a decisive victory for the Virgin Islands Party, which won eight of the 13 elected seats. The ruling National Democratic Party won only three seats, with party leader Myron Walwyn losing his seat. Seven of the thirteen seats were won by candidates contesting an election for the first time, all for the Virgin Islands Party, a territory record.


2019 British Virgin Islands general election
The elections were the first in the British Virgin Islands to use electronically tabulated voting rather that manual counts. Voter turnout was 64.64%.


2019 British Virgin Islands general election
Election monitors reported that they saw "no real evidence of corruption", but highlighted a large influx of voter registrations in Districts 5 and 8 which had been regarded in some quarters as potential attempt to manipulate results.


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, Background
The House of Assembly normally sits in four-year terms. The Governor must dissolve the House within four years of the date when the House first meets after a general election unless it has been dissolved sooner. Once the House is dissolved a general election must be held after at least 21 days, but not more than two months after the dissolution of the House.


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, Background
The third session of the House of Assembly first met on 23 June 2015, and therefore in the ordinary course of things the latest possible date of the next British Virgin Islands general election would have been one day short of four years and two months after that date, i.e. on 22 August 2019.


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, Background
However, Delores Christopher, member of the House of Assembly representing the 5th District died on 16 October 2018. There was broad agreement that it was undesirable to hold two elections so close together (a by-election to appoint a new representative for the 5th District, followed by a general election). Accordingly, after taking legal advice and consulting with the Premier Orlando Smith the Governor, Augustus Jaspert, advised that it had been agreed that no separate by-election should be held, and the election would be held on or before 16 April 2019.


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, Background
The House of Assembly was dissolved on 23 January 2019 and an election date was immediately announced for 25 February 2019.


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, New leaders and new parties
Both of the main political parties which had contested the prior election had leadership contests, and in both cases the person who lost the leadership contest left to form their own party. Accordingly, in the 2019 election, there will be an unprecedented four different political parties with at least one sitting member contesting the general election.


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, New leaders and new parties, National Democratic Party
In June 2018 the Premier and leader of the National Democratic Party (NDP), Orlando Smith indicated he would be stepping down and not contesting the next general election. In the subsequent leadership contest the party chose Education Minister Myron Walwyn to lead the party into the next election.


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, New leaders and new parties, National Democratic Party
In the wake of Dr Smith's announced retirement, rumours of splits within the ruling National Democratic Party began to circulate almost immediately. Eventually Ronnie Skelton, runner up in the leadership contest, left to form his own political party, named the Progressive Virgin Islands Movement (PVIM).


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, New leaders and new parties, National Democratic Party
Second District Representative Melvin "Mitch" Turnbull also left the NDP to join Skelton, as did at-large representative, Archie Christian. Certain media houses began to sarcastically refer to the PVIM as "NDP 2".


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, New leaders and new parties, Virgin Islands Party
The Virgin Islands Party (VIP) also had a leadership contest, and the sitting leader, Julian Fraser, was ousted by the challenger, Andrew Fahie. Fraser subsequently announced he would leave the VIP and set up his own party, which he called Progressives United (PU).


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, New leaders and new parties, Controversies, Myron Walwyn Eligibility Issue
In the run up to the election there were repeated suggestions in the press that Myron Walwyn was not eligible for election to the House of Assembly because his parents are not from the BVI. His father is from Nevis and his mother is from Antigua. Leader of the opposition Virgin Islands Party, Andrew Fahie, distanced himself from questions about Walwyn's eligibility.


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, New leaders and new parties, Controversies, Speaker of the House Issue
Some controversy arose when leaked lists of candidates suggested that the speaker of the House, Ingrid Moses-Scatliffe, was to stand as an NDP candidate. A number of public figures, the most prominent being Deputy Premier Kedrick Pickering, expressed concern at her being held out as a candidate for a political party whilst occupying the position of Speaker of the House.


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, New leaders and new parties, Controversies, Speaker of the House Issue
Ms Moses-Scatliffe refused to confirm or deny that she would be a candidate for the NDP, and the Attorney General rendered an opinion indicating that even if she were, this would not legally preclude her from acting as Speaker of the House in the interim. Ultimately she was not named as a candidate.


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, Results, Territorial seats
Winning candidates are highlighted in blue. Previously incumbent candidates are marked in bold.


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, Results, Territorial seats
Incumbent Andrew Fahie (VIP) easily won his sixth consecutive election over his two challengers each contesting their first. District 1 had the lowest turnout of any district with 60.38% of voters participating. Fahie's victory was the highest in terms of margin of votes (601) and the percentage of votes cast (81.45%).


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, Results, Territorial seats
Incumbent Melvin Turnbull retained his seat after switching parties to join the PVIM, defeating political newcomer Carnel Clyne (VIP).


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, Results, Territorial seats
Incumbent Julian Fraser won his sixth election but his first as the leader of the PU after leaving the VIP. He has never lost an election in his 3rd district stronghold. His opponents, Aaron Parillon (NDP) and Arlene Smith-Thompson (VIP) were each contesting their first election.


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, Results, Territorial seats
Incumbent Mark Vanterpool (NDP) won his fifth election in six contests, narrowly holding off newcomer Luce Hodge-Smith. District 4 had the highest proportion of spoiled ballots of any district.


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, Results, Territorial seats
Incumbent Delores Christopher died prior to the election leaving the seat vacant. Newcomer Kye Rymer (VIP) overcame fellow newcomer Wade Smith (PVIM) and Elvis "Juggy" Harrigan (NDP), who was contesting his fifth election (including once as an at-large candidate).


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, Results, Territorial seats
Incumbent Alvera Maduro-Caines (NDP) won her third consecutive election narrowly defeating newcomer John Samuel (VIP).


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, Results, Territorial seats
Incumbent Kedrick Pickering running as an independent in his fifth election, having won his previous four contests, lost to Natalio Wheatley who was contesting his third-ever general election for a third different party. The same seat was formerly held by Wheatley's grandfather, former Chief Minister, Willard Wheatley.


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, Results, Territorial seats
Marlon Penn (NDP) won his third consecutive contest, comfortably defeating Dean Fahie (VIP) who was standing for election for the first time.


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, Results, Territorial seats
Political newcomer Vincent Wheatley (VIP) easily defeated incumbent Hubert O'Neal (NDP) who was contesting his seventh general election (having won only once previously, in 2015). District 9 had the highest turnout of any district with 71.03% of voters participating. Wheatley's 891 votes were the highest total of any district candidate.


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, Results, At-large seats
The VIP candidates won all four of the at-large seats. Each of them other than Sharie DeCastro (contesting her second election, after being unsuccessful in 2015), were standing for election for the first time.


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, Results, At-large seats
Incumbents Myron Walwyn and Ronnie Skelton were not returned (the two other previous incumbents, Orlando Smith and Archie Christian, did not run).


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, Pre-election polling
Although no formal or scientific polls were conducted in the Territory, an unofficial online poll was conducted by VI Platinum News which suggested that a majority of voters prefer the Virgin Islands Party, and a plurality of voters prefer Andrew Fahie as leader. However the highly fragmented outcome of the polling (which does not include independents) pointed to the possibility of a coalition government.


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, Pre-election polling
Although unscientific, previous polls have correctly predicted the outcome of past elections. In this election the final results were also relatively similar to the informal advance polls, each party polling within 2.5% (the normal margin of error on a scientific poll) of the predicted result.


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, Manifestos
Myriad political promises were made and publicised by each party. Manifestos for each political party were launched before the election date of 25 February 2019 as follows:


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, Government
As the leader of the party with a majority, Andrew Fahie was appointed Premier and invited to form a government.


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, Government
In appointing his Cabinet, Fahie reshuffled various ministerial portfolios from the traditional division of responsibilities. Unusually, ever member of Cabinet except for Fahie himself is a political newcomer entering the House of Assembly for the first time.


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, Government
In addition, Shereen Flax-Charles was appointed a junior minister for tourism.


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, Subsequent events
Following the shock defeat of Myron Walwyn, Marlon Penn was appointed Leader of the Opposition. After initially prevaricating, Walwyn confirmed that he would not be quitting politics.


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, Subsequent events
As is customary, the opposition pledged to work with the new government.


2019 British Virgin Islands general election, Subsequent events
Eight days after the election, the successful District 4 candidate and former Cabinet Minister, Mark Vanterpool shocked the country by announcing he was resigning from politics and stepping down from his seat. He subsequently withdrew his resignation and alleged it was invalid as it was sent to the Cabinet Secretary and not the Speaker of the House as required by the Constitution. The Speaker has insisted that the seat is vacant, but in subsequent legal proceedings the court eventually ruled in favour of Mr Vanterpool.


2019 British baseball season
2019 was the 90th season of competitive baseball in the United Kingdom.


2019 British baseball season
The year saw four teams competing in the top-division National Baseball League, with seven in Triple-A, twelve in Double-A, and 22 in Single-A.


2019 British baseball season
The season began on 7 April 2019 and ended on 18 August, with the National Baseball Championships played on 24 and 25 August.


2019 British baseball season, British Baseball Federation leagues, National Baseball League
The NBL played 52 regular-season matches in total (26 per team).


2019 British baseball season, British Baseball Federation leagues, Single-A, Pool A
Bracknell and Richmond each penalised one win due to forfeit.


2019 British motorcycle Grand Prix
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Engr. Smitty (talk | contribs) at 09:01, 6 September 2021 (Reverted edits by 27.73.144.195 (talk) to last version by 2A00:23C5:1F1A:7100:AD77:F48C:6375:676). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


2019 British motorcycle Grand Prix
The 2019 British motorcycle Grand Prix was the twelfth round of the 2019 MotoGP season. It was held at the Silverstone Circuit in Silverstone on 25 August 2019. The race saw one of the closest finishes in the history of MotoGP, as Álex Rins won the race by just 0.013s ahead of Marc Márquez.


2019 British prorogation controversy
On 28 August 2019, the Parliament of the United Kingdom was ordered to be prorogued by Queen Elizabeth II upon the advice of the Conservative prime minister, Boris Johnson, advice later ruled to be unlawful. The prorogation, or suspension, of Parliament was to be effective from between 9 and 12 September 2019 and last until the State Opening of Parliament on 14 October 2019; in the event, Parliament was suspended between 10 September and 24 September.


2019 British prorogation controversy
Since Parliament was to be prorogued for five weeks and reconvene just 17 days before the United Kingdom's scheduled departure from the European Union on 31 October 2019, the move was seen by many opposition politicians and political commentators as a controversial and unconstitutional attempt by the prime minister to avoid parliamentary scrutiny of the Government's Brexit plans in those final weeks leading up to Brexit (withdrawal of the UK from the European Union). Johnson and his Government defended the prorogation of Parliament as a routine political process that ordinarily follows the selection of a new prime minister and would allow the Government to refocus on a legislative agenda.


2019 British prorogation controversy
In early September 2019, judges in the High Court of Justice, and the Outer House of the Court of Session—the English and Scottish civil courts of first instance—ruled that the matter was not subject to judicial review as it was a political decision; an appeal in the latter case to the Inner House of the Court of Session—Scotland's supreme civil court—overturned the Outer House verdict and ruled the prorogation was justiciable and unlawful.


2019 British prorogation controversy
To resolve the differences of opinion between the courts, both cases were appealed to the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom which, on 24 September, ruled unanimously in R (Miller) v The Prime Minister and Cherry v Advocate General for Scotland that the prorogation was both justiciable and unlawful; consequently, the Order in Council ordering prorogation was quashed, and the prorogation was deemed "null and of no [legal] effect". When Parliament resumed on the following day, the prorogation ceremony was expunged from the Journal of the House of Commons and business continued as if the ceremony had never happened. A second much shorter prorogation, this time for six days, began on 8 October.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Background
Prorogation is a political process which marks the end of a parliamentary session, and also refers to the time between the end of one parliamentary session and the start of another. During prorogation, neither Parliament nor its committees sit, and all motions, unanswered questions, and bills not yet assented to automatically lapse, unless a so-called "carry-over motion" allows for the business to be resumed in the next session. Prorogation is a power under the royal prerogative and is ordered by the Queen-in-Council; that is, the Queen under advice of the Privy Council.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Background
Prorogation takes effect when a royal proclamation which orders the prorogation is read to both Houses of Parliament; at that point, Parliament does not meet again until the State Opening of Parliament some days later. It is distinct from adjournment and recess, which are short breaks that do not halt all parliamentary business, and dissolution, which disperses Parliament in advance of a general election. Since 1854, prorogation has been undertaken by the Lords Commissioners in lieu of the Sovereign.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Background
Historically, the prorogation of Parliament was the norm; the monarch would typically only summon Parliament to approve royal taxes and summarily prorogue the body again. Prorogation was also used as a royal tactic to avoid parliamentary scrutiny; Elizabeth I suspended Parliament in 1578 to prevent public debate of her courtship with Francis, Duke of Anjou. The turning point came in the prelude to the English Civil War, when Charles I prorogued his third Parliament. Parliament objected to royal imposition of taxes and issued the Petition of Right in response to the King's actions.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Background
When then-Speaker of the House of Commons, John Finch, announced the end of the session, incensed MPs sat on Finch, which momentarily prevented the closure of Parliament until the Commons passed several motions which condemned the King's abuse of power. After Parliament was prorogued, Charles I ruled on his own for eleven years—and even attempted to close down the Parliament of Scotland in 1638—and only recalled Parliament in 1640 to pass more taxes. The second sitting of Parliament that year—the famous Long Parliament—passed legislation which prevented its prorogation or dissolution without its consent. In the event, it sat undissolved for another twenty years throughout the English Civil War, Interregnum, and Restoration, despite Pride's Purge in 1648 which created the Rump Parliament and Oliver Cromwell's expulsion of the Long Parliament and convocation of an alternative assembly in 1653.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Background
Although prorogation is typically uncontroversial, there have been several noteworthy prorogations during major political disputes.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Background
In 1774, upon the advice of Lord North, George III prorogued Parliament after the passage of the Quebec Act, one of the triggers of the American Revolution; in 1831, peers took umbrage to William IV's prorogation of Parliament after the Commons defeated the First Reform Bill which sought to expand the franchise; in 1948, Clement Attlee called a short pro forma session of Parliament, which was prorogued after ten days, to hasten the passage of the Parliament Act 1949; and in 1997, John Major advised an early prorogation prior to the general election in May, at the height of the cash-for-questions affair.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Background
The most controversial prorogation of recent times took place in 2008 in Canada; Stephen Harper, the prime minister and leader of the minority Conservative government, advised the governor general, Michaëlle Jean, to prorogue Parliament prior to the budget. At the time, the Liberal and New Democratic parties planned to form an alternative government with the support of the Bloc Québécois; prorogation postponed the motion of no confidence in Harper's government and by the time Parliament sat again, the agreement between the opposition parties fell apart and Harper remained in office.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Background
Harper controversially advised Jean to prorogue Parliament again in late 2009, until after the 2010 Winter Olympics; at the time, Harper was under heavy scrutiny for his role in the Afghan detainee affair. A similar crisis that concerned the use of royal powers to break parliamentary deadlock took place in Australia in 1975; the prime minister, Gough Whitlam, was controversially dismissed by the governor-general, John Kerr, and replaced by the leader of the Opposition, Malcolm Fraser, who commanded a majority in the Senate. The House of Representatives, controlled by the Australian Labor Party, passed a motion of no confidence in Fraser, but was unable to reinstall Whitlam before Kerr dissolved Parliament in advance of a federal election.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Prelude, Under Theresa May
Proposals of prorogation first surfaced in early 2019. At the time, the parliamentary session had been ongoing since 13 June 2017, several days after a general election which saw the governing Conservative Party, then led by Theresa May, lose its majority. Prior to 2010, parliamentary sessions typically started in October and ended in September; general elections would shorten the preceding session and lengthen the following. After the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011—which abrogated the similar royal power to dissolve Parliament—passed into law, the regular start of the parliamentary calendar moved to coincide with elections in May.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Prelude, Under Theresa May
In June 2017, the Government announced the imminent parliamentary session would last for two years, to allow for greater parliamentary scrutiny of Brexit and the repeal or amendment of the corpus of European law which would no longer have effect upon the United Kingdom's departure from the European Union. On 7 May 2019, the 2017–19 Parliament became the longest parliamentary session since the Long Parliament four centuries prior.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Prelude, Under Theresa May
After the Brexit withdrawal agreement negotiated by the Government was rejected by Parliament in the so-called "meaningful vote", prorogation was seen as an option for the Government to bring the agreement back for another vote; Erskine May, which conventionally codifies parliamentary practice, states "matters already decided" cannot be brought back during a parliamentary session if they were already rejected on a substantive basis. The Speaker of the House of Commons, John Bercow, allowed a second vote on the agreement on 12 March 2019, which was rejected with a reduced majority.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Prelude, Under Theresa May
On 18 March, Bercow said any motion to approve the withdrawal agreement for a vote must not be "substantially the same", and on 27 March, re-iterated his warning to the Government. A third "meaningful vote" on the withdrawal agreement, which did not include the "political declaration" on future EU–UK relations, was lost by the Government on 29 March 2019.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Prelude, Under Theresa May
Contemporaneously, the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union, previously scheduled for 29 March 2019, was delayed to 12 April 2019. Proponents of leaving the European Union without a deal suggested prorogation as a method to ensure such a departure; the United Kingdom's withdrawal remains the legal default with or without a negotiated withdrawal agreement, and the prorogation of Parliament would prevent legislation to either ratify the agreement, seek an extension to Brexit negotiations, or revoke the invocation of Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Prelude, Under Theresa May
Prorogation would also prevent a motion of no confidence or a motion to trigger an early general election. After persistent rumours of this course of action, despite Parliament's explicit rejection of a "no-deal" scenario, opposition MPs took control of the legislative calendar and passed the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2019, also known as the "Cooper–Letwin Bill", which mandated the Government to seek a longer extension to Brexit negotiations. A subsequent agreement with the European Council delayed Brexit once again to 31 October 2019 and mandated elections to the European Parliament.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Prelude, Under Theresa May
After the European elections, in which the Conservatives finished fifth behind the Brexit Party, Liberal Democrats, Labour Party and Green Party, Theresa May announced her intention to resign as prime minister after a new Conservative leader was elected in July. In the interim period, opposition MPs asked whether a new prime minister would use prorogation to reduce parliamentary scrutiny of the Government's Brexit policy, which the Government did not rule out.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Prelude, Under Theresa May
In response, Bercow said from the chair that "Parliament will not be evacuated from the centre stage of the decision-making process on this important matter"; he further said such a statement was "so blindly obvious so as not to need stating" but was dismayed by the fact it needed to be said.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Prelude, Under Boris Johnson
Boris Johnson, an outspoken critic of the withdrawal agreement, was subsequently elected Conservative leader on 23 July 2019 and became prime minister on the following day. As part of his strategy to ensure, "do or die", the UK's withdrawal from the EU on 31 October 2019, Johnson's campaign team and political commentators saw prorogation as a viable method to effect the policy.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Prelude, Under Boris Johnson
On 18 July, Johnson's imminent victory led opposition MPs to successfully amend the Northern Ireland (Executive Formation etc) Bill to make prorogation during late October functionally impossible; the Act requires the Government to lay reports before Parliament, which would then sit to debate them even during the body's suspension.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Prelude, Under Boris Johnson
On 25 July, the newly appointed Leader of the House of Commons, Jacob Rees-Mogg, who also intimated the possibility of prorogation when he was a backbencher, said the Government viewed prorogation for political purposes as an "archaic mechanism" which was now his view due to collective ministerial responsibility would not be used.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Prelude, Under Boris Johnson
During the summer recess, prorogation was still seen as a likely prospect. At the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, Bercow said he would "fight with every breath in [his] body" to prevent the suspension of Parliament, as he believed Parliament's right to sit and debate was sacrosanct. On 27 August 2019, over 150 cross-party opposition MPs signed the Church House Declaration—named after the Headquarters of the Church of England and former temporary parliamentary chamber near Parliament—and pledged to "do whatever is necessary" to prevent Parliament being prorogued. Opposition MPs also mooted the traditional conference season recess; in 2019, the conference season started with the Liberal Democrat conference, which began on 14 September, and ends with the closure of Conservative conference on 2 October.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Prorogation
In the week ending 24 August 2019, it was reported that within the previous 10 days Johnson had asked the attorney general, Geoffrey Cox QC, for legal advice on the matter of prorogation, tentatively scheduled for between the return of Parliament on 3 September and the European Council meeting on 17 October.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Prorogation
On 28 August, Jacob Rees-Mogg, in the role of Lord President of the Council, convened a small Privy Council meeting with Mark Spencer as Chief Whip, Baroness Evans of Bowes Park as Leader of the House of Lords and the Queen whilst she was in residence at Balmoral Castle. The Queen gave her consent to prorogation, to start on the week beginning 9 September, and end with the State Opening of Parliament on 14 October.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Prorogation
Such a long prorogation was seen as unprecedented; since 1979, Parliament has not been prorogued for more than three weeks, and is typically prorogued for less than a week, as opposed to the five-week prorogation requested by the Government. Bercow described the prorogation as a "constitutional outrage" designed to "stop MPs debating Brexit".


2019 British prorogation controversy, Prorogation
Opposition politicians stated their opposition to prorogation: First Minister of Scotland Nicola Sturgeon (SNP) described Johnson as a "tin-pot dictator"; First Minister of Wales Mark Drakeford (Labour) said Johnson wanted to "close the doors on democracy"; and Liberal Democrat leader Jo Swinson called prorogation a "dangerous and unacceptable course of action".


2019 British prorogation controversy, Prorogation
Supporters of the Government defended the prorogation; Conservative chairman James Cleverly described prorogation as "something all new governments do", President of the United States Donald Trump congratulated Johnson, via Twitter, for preventing a motion of no confidence, and former First Minister of Northern Ireland Arlene Foster (DUP) welcomed prorogation as an opportunity to review and renegotiate the confidence and supply agreement her party entered into with the Government. Within hours of the announcement, impromptu protests took place in major cities; a demonstration to "stop the coup" outside Parliament claimed an attendance of several thousand.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Prorogation, Loss of working majority
Upon Parliament's return on 3 September 2019, Conservative MP and "no-deal" opponent Oliver Letwin made an emergency motion to introduce a bill which sought to delay Brexit past 31 October. The motion would allow backbench control of the timetable for 4 September to pass, in one day, what would become the European Union (Withdrawal) (No. 2) Act 2019.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Prorogation, Loss of working majority
Letwin was successful due to the rebellion of 21 Conservative MPs who were subsequently suspended from the party; coupled with the defection of Phillip Lee to the Liberal Democrats, Johnson lost his working majority on his second day in Parliament as prime minister. The Government then attempted to filibuster the bill in the House of Lords to prevent the bill's passage before prorogation; the Government later discontinued the filibuster and allowed the bill to pass the Lords on 6 September, and subsequently receive Royal Assent on 9 September.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Prorogation, Loss of working majority
After the bill's passage into law, Johnson reiterated his commitment to ensure the UK's withdrawal from the EU took place on 31 October; this sparked speculation he could be imprisoned for contempt of court or otherwise removed from office for failing to uphold the law. The Government also attempted twice to trigger an early general election, on 6 September and 9 September; both attempts failed, as opposition parties refused to support a motion on the basis it would dissolve Parliament and similarly make it unable to prevent a no-deal Brexit.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Prorogation, Loss of working majority
On 9 September 2019, the House of Commons voted 311–302 for a humble address for a return to force the Government to turn over, within 48 hours, all communications within the Prime Minister's Office related to prorogation as well as publish all documents related to no-deal preparations under Operation Yellowhammer. In Westminster Hall, MPs debated two e-petitions: one supported prorogation and garnered 100,000 signatures before being closed; and one opposed prorogation and garnered 1.7 million signatures in several weeks.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Prorogation, Loss of working majority
On the same day, Bercow announced his resignation as Speaker, effective 31 October 2019, amidst speculation the Conservatives would break the tradition of not standing against the Speaker at the next general election; his resignation beforehand triggered a speakership election in which the Government would find it difficult to install a friendlier Speaker.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Prorogation, Prorogation
Parliament was ostensibly prorogued shortly before 2 am on 10 September 2019, when Sarah Clarke, Lady Usher of the Black Rod, entered the Commons chamber to signal the start of the formal ceremony amidst shouts of protest from the opposition benches. Bercow, who was then surrounded by opposition MPs who held makeshift signs that read "silenced", derided the intended prorogation as an "act of executive fiat" before he departed to the House of Lords for the ceremony. As many Conservative MPs followed him out of the chamber, many in opposition heckled the Government with chants of "shame on you".


2019 British prorogation controversy, Prorogation, Prorogation
The ceremony in the Lords was boycotted by opposition peers; this included the Labour and Liberal Democrat leaders in the Lords, Baroness Smith of Basildon and Lord Newby, and caused the procedure to be performed with only three of the Lords Commissioners instead of the usual five. There were only sixteen peers in attendance: thirteen Conservatives, two crossbenchers and one Lord Spiritual. The session closed minutes later; upon his return to the Commons chamber alone, Bercow was cheered by opposition MPs before he read the notice of prorogation, later declared to be void.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Prorogation, Prorogation
Baroness Evans of Bowes Park(Leader of the House of Lords, Conservative)


2019 British prorogation controversy, Prorogation, Prorogation
The ostensible prorogation was said at the time to have brought an end to a parliamentary session that had sat for 341 days. Fifty-two bills had passed into law; this included eight Brexit-related bills, six budgetary bills, and nine bills related to the collapse of the Northern Ireland Executive in 2017. At the time it was thought that three bills were carried over into the next session, whereas twelve government bills were not carried over.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Prorogation, Prorogation
Notable bills that were said to be dropped as a result of prorogation included a Trade Bill, which was due for "ping-pong" and ineligible to be carried over; a Fisheries Bill; and bills concerned with animal cruelty, divorce, and domestic violence. The supposed prorogation also cancelled a meeting between Johnson and members of the Liaison Committee that was scheduled for 11 September.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Lower court rulings
During the parliamentary recess in August, a group of 78 parliamentarians, led by SNP justice spokeswoman Joanna Cherry QC MP and Brexit opponent Jolyon Maugham QC, made an application for judicial review to the Outer House of Scotland's highest court, the Court of Session in Edinburgh. The litigants sought a ruling that prorogation to avoid parliamentary scrutiny would be unconstitutional and unlawful; the hearing was expedited to 6 September.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Lower court rulings
Immediately after the announcement of prorogation on 28 August, Cherry applied to the court for an interim interdict to prevent prorogation until the case could be heard; on the same day, Gina Miller, who previously defeated the Government on the use of the royal prerogative in R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union, made an urgent application for judicial review of the use of prerogative powers at the High Court of Justice for England and Wales in London,  and victims' rights activist Raymond McCord made an application at the High Court of Northern Ireland in Belfast which alleged breaches of the Good Friday Agreement. On 30 August, Lord Doherty refused the request in the Scottish case for an interdict as he was not satisfied there was a "cogent need" for one.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Lower court rulings
During the Court of Session hearings on 3 September, the court heard evidence Johnson had approved negotiations with the Palace on 15 August 2019, by way of signing a handwritten note to his special adviser Nikki da Costa and Dominic Cummings, and made comments about the short sitting of parliament in September being a "rigmarole" to show MPs were "earning their crust". Aiden O'Neill QC, who represented the petitioners at the Court of Session, argued this proved the Government misled the court when they described the issue of prorogation as an academic one. During the proceedings, the Government offered no sworn witness statements which testified to the reasons for prorogation; legal commentator David Allen Green likened the lack of such a statement to Sherlock Holmes's famous quote about "the curious incident of the dog in the night-time".


2019 British prorogation controversy, Lower court rulings
On 4 September, Doherty ruled in the first instance that the matter was non-justiciable; the case was immediately appealed to the Inner House of the Court of Session. Doherty's opinion was shared by the High Court of Justice, who rejected Miller's case on 6 September as non-justiciable. The High Court of Northern Ireland did not rule on the aspect of prorogation in McCord's case—as the English and Scottish courts had already ruled on the matter—and found the other aspects on his cases non-justiciable on 12 September.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Lower court rulings
On 11 September, the three-judge appellate panel at the Court of Session, consisting of Lords Carloway (Lord President), Brodie, and Drummond Young, unanimously found the prorogation was unlawful. The court found Johnson was motivated by "the improper purpose of stymieing Parliament" and had effectively "misled the Queen", and as a result, declared the royal proclamation as "null and of no effect". To resolve the fundamental differences in the verdicts from England and Scotland's senior courts, both the Miller and Cherry cases were appealed to the Supreme Court.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Political events during prorogation
After the Scottish judgement was announced, opposition MPs demanded Parliament be immediately recalled that afternoon and some MPs returned to the empty chamber in protest. At the same time, 10 Downing Street reportedly said the petitioners had "chosen the Scottish courts for a reason". The statement evoked the "Enemies of the People" newspaper headline after the government lost the 2016 Miller case, and the subsequent controversy over then-Lord Chancellor Liz Truss's apparent failure to defend the independence of the judiciary.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Political events during prorogation
In response, incumbent Lord Chancellor Robert Buckland QC—who several days previously met Johnson to encourage him to not breach the Article 50 extension law—responded in defence of the judiciary, and the Prime Minister's Office made a subsequent statement which defended the impartiality of the judges. That evening, Kwasi Kwarteng, a senior minister in the government, reopened the controversy on The Andrew Neil Show when he told Neil "many people are saying that the judges are biased".


2019 British prorogation controversy, Political events during prorogation, Operation Yellowhammer
That same evening, just before the deadline set by Parliament for the Government to comply with the 9 September humble address, the Government published a summary of the Operation Yellowhammer documents, but refused to publish the full documents or release the prorogation correspondence, on the grounds that doing so would violate the legal right to privacy which civil servants enjoy.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Political events during prorogation, Operation Yellowhammer
Refusal to conform with a humble address, which is binding, risks the Government being found in contempt of Parliament for the second time within a year; in the first instance, Parliament voted in December 2018 that legal professional privilege was not a defence to a charge of contempt, in relation to the Government's initial refusal to disclose the full legal advice it received on the withdrawal agreement.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Political events during prorogation, Operation Yellowhammer
The partial release of the Yellowhammer documents, which detailed possible disruption to the supply of food, fuel, and medicine as a result of a no-deal Brexit, led to renewed calls from the opposition for Parliament on 12 September to be immediately recalled. At the same time, Johnson was scrutinised with regard to the Court of Session finding he had misled the Queen; he denied lying to the Queen and said the High Court of Justice corroborated his belief.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Political events during prorogation, Operation Yellowhammer
On the same day, former Conservative attorney general Dominic Grieve QC MP said that if the Supreme Court found the Government had misled the Queen, it would represent a "very serious" breach of the relationship between the Queen and her prime minister, and Johnson would be forced to "very swiftly" resign as a matter of constitutional principle.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Political events during prorogation, Operation Yellowhammer
On 15 September, the Mail on Sunday reported that Cummings, in a meeting with other governmental special advisors, had suggested a second prorogation if the Supreme Court declared the first prorogation unlawful; the Prime Minister's Office confirmed the accuracy of the story and said the comment was "clearly made as a joke".


2019 British prorogation controversy, Political events during prorogation, Impeachment
On the same day, Plaid Cymru leader Adam Price said Parliament should impeach Johnson if the Government lost before the Supreme Court and Johnson refused to resign; Liz Saville Roberts, the leader of the party in the House of Commons, had said earlier that week that Johnson should also be impeached if he refused to extend Brexit negotiations and entered discussions with other parties to gather support. Impeachment is an arcane parliamentary procedure which has never been successfully levelled towards a prime minister or a Cabinet minister: the last individual to be impeached was Henry Dundas, 1st


2019 British prorogation controversy, Political events during prorogation, Impeachment
Viscount Melville in 1806; and the last serious attempt was an unsuccessful 2004 effort by Price and ten other MPs to impeach then-prime minister Tony Blair. Johnson, then a member of the opposition frontbench, was another high-profile supporter of the impeachment motion and wrote an opinion piece in The Daily Telegraph which accused Blair of "treating Parliament and the public with contempt". Historically, individuals who were impeached would be arrested and prosecuted by the Commons in a trial before the Lords in Westminster Hall; those who were later convicted were sentenced at the liberty of the Commons and had no right to receive the royal prerogative of mercy.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom began a three-day hearing to consider the appeals for both the London and Edinburgh cases on 17 September 2019; McCord, who did not appeal his ruling, was granted leave to make an oral intervention. On the first day of the hearing, which focused on the losers of each lower court case, the Advocate General for Scotland, Lord Keen, argued that the Government was entitled to prorogue Parliament for political purposes and the Court of Session ruled outside its jurisdiction.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Supreme Court
When asked by the court whether Johnson would prorogue Parliament for a second time, Keen did not answer. Lord Pannick QC, who responded on Miller's behalf, argued that there was "strong evidence" that the purpose of prorogation was to prevent MPs from "frustrating" the Government's Brexit plans, as opposed to a short prorogation for a Queen's Speech that the respondents "had no quarrel with".


2019 British prorogation controversy, Supreme Court
The second day focused on the victors in each lower court case; the Government, represented by James Eadie QC, argued that in the absence of legislation that regulated the power of prorogation, it was not appropriate for the judiciary to "design a set of rules" to judge prorogation by; O'Neill argued that although it would not be to appropriate to create such rules, it was nevertheless "the province of the courts" to decide whether prorogation was constitutional.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Supreme Court
The final day of the hearing saw interventions from other interested parties: former solicitor general Lord Garnier, who responded for former prime minister John Major, argued prorogation was "motivated by a desire to prevent Parliament interfering with the prime minister's policies during that period"; the Scottish Government, who were represented by its Lord Advocate, James Wolffe, argued prorogation had a "profoundly intrusive effect" on Parliament; McCord's advocate Ronan Lavery QC argued prorogation was designed to "run down the clock" to force a no-deal Brexit, which would in turn result in controls on the border with Ireland; and in a written submission, the shadow attorney general, Shami Chakrabarti, said that if the power to prorogue was unchecked, Parliament would be "deprived" of the ability to "perform its constitutional function".


2019 British prorogation controversy, Supreme Court
The hearing ended with the Government and the petitioners summing up their arguments: Keen re-iterated the argument that the courts were constitutionally "not properly equipped" to decide on matters of high policy; and Pannick requested the court make a declaration that prorogation was unlawful and for Parliament to be recalled as a result.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Supreme Court
On 24 September, the Supreme Court ruled unanimously that the prorogation was both justiciable and unlawful, and therefore null and of no effect. The court cited the Case of Proclamations (1611), in which the High Court of Justice asserted its power to test the existence of limits of prerogative powers, in answering the question of justiciability; in the case of prorogation, use of the Royal Prerogative must have respect for the conventions of parliamentary sovereignty and democratic accountability.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Supreme Court
The court ruled that any prorogation would be unlawful "if it has the effect of frustrating or preventing, without reasonable justification, the ability of Parliament to carry out its constitutional functions as a legislature"; if this is the case, there would be no need to rule on whether the motives of the executive were lawful.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Supreme Court
The court further ruled that the prorogation of Parliament did have the effect of frustrating Parliament's constitutional functions; the court found that the suspension of Parliament in the prelude to the "fundamental [constitutional] change" of Brexit had an "extreme" effect on the "fundamentals of democracy". The court also found that the Government had not provided a justification for the intended prorogation nor for its length or its effect on the requirement for parliamentary scrutiny of any withdrawal agreement under the terms of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018. As a result, the Court quashed the relevant Order in Council, which meant the effect of the royal proclamation of prorogation had the legal effect of "a blank piece of paper" and reverted the 2017–19 Parliament into being in session.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Aftermath, Legal aftermath
As with the Scottish ruling, several opposition parliamentarians returned to the chamber immediately after the ruling was issued; those MPs who had surrounded Bercow with makeshift signs during the prorogation ceremony took selfies with their signs edited to reflect the ruling. In a statement on College Green—near Parliament and the Supreme Court's seat in the Middlesex Guildhall—John Bercow announced he had recalled Parliament to sit on the following day from 11:30 am. Prime Minister's Questions was not scheduled for its regular Wednesday midday slot, but Bercow said he would allow urgent questions and applications for emergency debates to be heard.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Aftermath, Legal aftermath
Bercow opened the first sitting of Parliament, on 25 September 2019, with a statement from the chair: he welcomed MPs back to work and informed the House that consequent to the Supreme Court ruling, the record of the prorogation ceremony would be expunged from the Journal of the House of Commons and corrected to reflect the House as adjourned instead, and that the Royal Assent that had been signified to the Parliamentary Buildings (Restoration and Renewal) Act during the ceremony would need to be re-signified.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Aftermath, Legal aftermath
The first item of debate was an urgent question by Cherry to the attorney general; she urged Cox to publish the legal advice he gave to Johnson on the subject of prorogation to avoid him being labelled as a scapegoat for the affair. Cox defended the advice he gave to Johnson as being "in good faith", and distanced himself from comments from Conservative MPs which attacked the independence of the judiciary: specifically, Rees-Mogg's description of the ruling as a "constitutional coup".


2019 British prorogation controversy, Aftermath, Political consequences
On the day of the ruling, Johnson was in New York City to give a speech before the United Nations General Assembly, tentatively scheduled for the morning on 25 September. Johnson said that the Government disagreed with the ruling, but would nevertheless abide by it and not seek to prevent Parliament from meeting on the following day. Johnson refused to rule out a second prorogation, and also ruled out his resignation. The Prime Minister's Office confirmed that Johnson's speech would be brought forward to the evening of the 24th to allow Johnson to fly back to Britain in time for the start of the following day's parliamentary sitting.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Aftermath, Political consequences
After the ruling, Johnson was criticised by opposition leaders: Jeremy Corbyn, whose Labour Party was in conference in Brighton at the time, brought forward his keynote speech in which he invited Johnson to "consider his position and become the shortest-serving prime minister there's ever been"; SNP leader Nicola Sturgeon demanded Johnson's resignation and urged Parliament to table a motion of no confidence if he did not resign; Liberal Democrat leader Jo Swinson said that Johnson "wasn't fit to be prime minister"; and Brexit Party leader Nigel Farage called prorogation "the worst political decision ever" and called on Johnson to fire his adviser Dominic Cummings for suggesting the plan.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Aftermath, Political consequences
Johnson's first address to Parliament after returning from New York was on the evening of 25 September. In his address, after he stated his opinion that the Supreme Court was "wrong to pronounce on a political question at a time of great national controversy", he re-iterated his call for an early general election and offered time in the parliamentary agenda on 26 September for any party who wished to lay a motion of no confidence against him.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Aftermath, Political consequences
When asked by MPs whether he would rule out a second prorogation, he refused, and when asked whether he would abide by the law which mandates him to request an extension to Article 50, he said he would not do so; he had earlier described the law as a "Surrender Bill" or commonly referred to in the media as the Benn Act.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Aftermath, Political consequences
Johnson's speech and conduct was criticised by opposition MPs, who alleged his choice of words were fuelling threats of violence against politicians. Labour MP Paula Sherriff said parliamentarians were routinely receiving death threats using language such as "surrender" and "betrayal", and asked Johnson to moderate his language, especially in the context of the June 2016 murder of Jo Cox. Johnson prompted heckles of "shame" when he responded to Sherriff's comments that he "had never heard so much humbug in [his] life". Sherriff's request for moderated language was repeated by Cox's constituency successor Tracy Brabin; Johnson declined and elicited further anger when he told Brabin that the best way to "honour the memory" of Cox would be to "get Brexit done".


2019 British prorogation controversy, Aftermath, Political consequences
On 26 September, Bercow made another statement from the chair that he was considering an application by Kenneth Clarke and Harriet Harman—the longest serving male and female MPs respectively—for a Speaker's Conference to be held to discuss the lack of decorum in contemporary British political culture. Bercow also lambasted the tone of the previous night's debates as the worst he had seen in Parliament since his election as an MP in 1997.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Aftermath, Political consequences
Several hours after asking an urgent question on political decorum, Labour MP Jess Phillips told LBC that a man had been arrested on suspicion of a public order offence outside her Birmingham Yardley constituency office; Phillips alleged the man had been attempting to break into the office whilst accusing her of fascism. In an interview with the BBC, Johnson said he deplored any threats of violence, but defended his description of the Article 50 extension law as a "Surrender Bill" and declined requests to apologise.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Aftermath, Political consequences
Later that day, a Government motion for the House of Commons to go into recess for the duration of the Conservative Party conference in Manchester was rejected 289–306; the defeat represented the seventh successive Government defeat in the House of Commons and continued Johnson's record of not winning a single division since taking office. As a result, the Government scheduled relatively uncontroversial matters for debate for the three days Parliament sat during the conference; this included the cross-party domestic violence bill, which was scheduled for the Wednesday 2 October session.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Aftermath, Political consequences
The lack of a conference recess meant that Prime Minister's Questions clashed with the leader's keynote speech at the Conservative conference; Johnson delivered his conference keynote whilst Prime Minister's Questions was deputised by Dominic Raab who faced questions from then Shadow Home Secretary Diane Abbott making her the first black MP to stand at a dispatch box for PMQs.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Aftermath, Political consequences
On 2 October, the Government announced fresh plans to prorogue Parliament for six days, from Tuesday 8 October to Monday 14 October. Proroguing on a Tuesday meant that Johnson would miss Prime Minister's Questions for the third successive Wednesday; at that point his only scheduled question time since becoming prime minister was on 4 September, although Johnson had faced over eight hours of questions in response to ad hoc ministerial statements.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Aftermath, Political consequences
The second prorogation ceremony took place on the evening of 8 October, and was attended by 30 MPs who followed Black Rod Sarah Clarke from the Commons to the Lords. The ceremony passed without the protests that had marked the previous attempt at prorogation with opposition leaders in the House of Lords also participating in the proceedings, though Lord Judge was substituted for Lord Hope of Craighead having in the interim succeeded him as crossbench convenor.


2019 British prorogation controversy, Aftermath, 2019 general election and Brexit
The manifesto published by the Conservative Party prior to the 2019 general election, held in December of that year, stated that a newly elected Conservative government would review the broader constitutional relationship between Parliament and the courts, as well as the function of the Royal Prerogative itself, the basis on which prorogation is made. In the election, they won an 80-seat majority and therefore formed the next government.


2019 Broadland District Council election
The 2019 Broadland District Council election took place on 2 May 2019 to elect members of the Broadland District Council in England. They were held on the same day as other local elections.


2019 Bromsgrove District Council election
The 2019 Bromsgrove District Council election took place on 2 May 2019 to elect members of the Bromsgrove Council in England. It was held on the same day as other local elections.


2019 Bronx Open
The 2019 Bronx Open was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 1st edition of the Bronx Open as part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2019 WTA Tour. It took place at the Cary Leeds Center in Crotona Park in The Bronx, New York City, United States from 18 to 24 August 2019.


2019 Bronx Open
This tournament replaced the Tournoi de Québec on the WTA Tour. The Connecticut Open, which was a WTA Premier event formerly scheduled for the week before the US Open, was replaced by the Zhengzhou Open.


2019 Bronx Open, Singles main draw entrants, Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:


2019 Bronx Open, Doubles main draw entrants, Other entrants
The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:


2019 Bronx Open – Doubles
Darija Jurak and María José Martínez Sánchez won the title, defeating Margarita Gasparyan and Monica Niculescu in the final, 7–5, 2–6, [10–7].


2019 Bronx Open – Singles
Magda Linette won her first WTA Tour title, defeating Camila Giorgi in the final, 5–7, 7–5, 6–4.


2019 Bronx Open – Singles, Seeds
The top two seeds to participate received a bye into the second round.


2019 Brown Bears football team
The 2019 Brown Bears football team represented Brown University in the 2019 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by first-year head coach James Perry and played their home games at Brown Stadium. They were a member of the Ivy League. They finished the season 2–8, 1–6 in Ivy League play to finish in last place.


2019 Brown Bears football team, Previous season
The Bears finished the 2018 season 1–9, 0–7 in Ivy League play to finish in last place.


2019 Brown Bears football team, Preseason, Preseason media poll
The Ivy League released their preseason media poll on August 8, 2019. The Bears were picked to finish in eighth place.


2019 Brownlow Medal
The 2019 Brownlow Medal was the 92nd year the award was presented to the player adjudged the best and fairest player during the Australian Football League (AFL) home-and-away season. Nat Fyfe was the winner for the second time, with 33 votes.


2019 Brownlow Medal, Leading vote-getters
* The player was ineligible to win the medal due to suspension by the AFL Tribunal during the year.


2019 Brownlow Medal, Voting procedure
The three field umpires (those umpires who control the flow of the game, as opposed to goal or boundary umpires) confer after each match and award three votes, two votes, and one vote to the players they regard as the best, second-best and third-best in the match, respectively. The votes are kept secret until the awards night, and they are read and tallied on the evening.


2019 Broxbourne Borough Council election
The 2019 Broxbourne Borough Council election took place on 2 May 2019 to elect members of the Broxbourne Borough Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections.


2019 Broxtowe Borough Council election
Elections to Broxtowe Borough Council were held on 2 May 2019.


2019 Brussels Cycling Classic
The 2019 Brussels Cycling Classic was the 99th edition of the Brussels Cycling Classic road cycling one day race. It was held on 7 September 2019 as part of the 2019 UCI Europe Tour.


2019 Brussels Cycling Classic, Teams
Twenty-five teams participated in the race, of which nine were UCI WorldTour teams, fifteen were UCI Professional Continental teams, and one was a UCI Continental Team. Each team entered seven riders, with the exception of AG2R La Mondiale, who entered six. Of the 174 riders who started the race, only 155 riders finished.


2019 Bryant Bulldogs football team
The 2019 Bryant Bulldogs football team represents Bryant University during the 2019 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They are led by first-year head coach Chris Merritt and play their home games at Beirne Stadium. They are a member of the Northeast Conference.


2019 Bryant Bulldogs football team, Previous season
The Bulldogs finished the 2018 season 6–5, 2–4 in NEC play to finish in a tie for fifth place.


2019 Bryant Bulldogs football team, Preseason, Preseason coaches' poll
The NEC released their preseason coaches' poll on July 24, 2019. The Bulldogs were picked to finish in fifth place.


2019 Bryant Bulldogs football team, Preseason, Preseason All-NEC team
The Bulldogs had two players at two positions selected to the preseason all-NEC team.


2019 Bucharest Open
The 2019 BRD Bucharest Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the sixth edition of the tournament and part of the International category of the 2019 WTA Tour. It was held from 15 to 21 July 2019 at the Arenele BNR in Bucharest, Romania.


2019 Bucharest Open, Singles main draw entrants, Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:


2019 Bucharest Open, Singles main draw entrants, Other entrants
The following player received entry using a protected ranking into the singles main draw:


2019 Bucharest Open, WTA doubles main draw entrants, Other entrants
The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:


2019 Bucharest Open – Doubles
Irina-Camelia Begu and Andreea Mitu were the defending champions, but chose to participate with different partners. Begu played alongside Raluca Olaru, while Mitu teamed up with Lara Arruabarrena. Both teams lost to Jaqueline Cristian and Elena-Gabriela Ruse in the semifinals and quarterfinals, respectively.


2019 Bucharest Open – Doubles
Viktória Kužmová and Kristýna Plíšková won the title, defeating Cristian and Ruse in the final, 6–4, 7–6(7–3).


2019 Bucharest Open – Singles
Anastasija Sevastova was the defending champion, but lost in the second round to Patricia Maria Țig.


2019 Bucharest Open – Singles
Elena Rybakina won her first WTA Tour title, defeating Țig in the final, 6–2, 6–0.


2019 Buckle Up in Your Truck 225
The 2019 Buckle Up in Your Truck 225 was a NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series race held on July 11, 2019, at Kentucky Speedway in Sparta, Kentucky. Contested over 150 laps on the 1.5-mile (2.4 km) tri-oval speedway, it was the 13th race of the 2019 NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series season.