2017 Toyota/Save Mart 350, Practice, First practice
Martin Truex Jr. was the fastest in the first practice session with a time of 75.740 seconds and a speed of 94.587 mph (152.223 km/h).


2017 Toyota/Save Mart 350, Practice, Final practice
Kyle Larson was the fastest in the final practice session with a time of 75.899 seconds and a speed of 94.389 mph (151.904 km/h).


2017 Toyota/Save Mart 350, Qualifying
Kyle Larson scored the pole for the race with a time of 75.177 and a speed of 95.295 mph (153.362 km/h).


2017 Toyota/Save Mart 350, Race, First stage
Kyle Larson led the field to the green flag at 3:22 p.m. With Sonoma Raceway being a more technical (rhythm) road course, brake usage is rather heavy, especially going into the 90° hairpin Turn 11. A few drivers locked up the brakes going into the turn in the early laps, including Daniel Suárez, who was making his first ever start at Sonoma. He flat-spotted his tires on the second lap and made an unscheduled stop the following lap to replace them. Two laps later, teammate Kyle Busch did the same.


2017 Toyota/Save Mart 350, Race, First stage
By the ninth lap, Martin Truex Jr. caught Larson and set him up for a pass heading into Turn 11 to take the race lead. Caution flew for the first time on lap 14 when Dale Earnhardt Jr. locked up his brakes and his car spun counter-clockwise, sending him through the hairpin and into the path of cars ahead, causing slight damage to Danica Patrick. Larson also suffered minor damage when he clipped Earnhardt. Chris Buescher took over the race lead because he opted not to pit under the caution.


2017 Toyota/Save Mart 350, Race, First stage
The race restarted on lap 17 and Buescher led for another lap before teammate A. J. Allmendinger, on fresher tires, out-braked him going into Turn 10 to take the lead. Truex worked his way up to him, passed him entering Turn 11 to retake the lead and drove on to win the first stage on lap 25. Caution flew moments later for the completion of the stage.


2017 Toyota/Save Mart 350, Race, Second stage
A lap after the ensuing restart on lap 30, Patrick (outside), Earnhardt (middle) and Larson (inside) tried to round Turn 4a three-wide, sending Earnhardt into the right-rear corner of Patrick and spinning her out into the path of Ricky Stenhouse Jr., who t-boned the drivers-side of her car. This brought out the third caution.


2017 Toyota/Save Mart 350, Race, Second stage
The race resumed on lap 33. Going into Turn 11 on the same lap, Allmendinger was clipped by Larson and spun in the hairpin. He was clipped by Clint Bowyer, but the race remained green. A caution did fly five laps later, however, for a piece of sheet metal in Turn 11.


2017 Toyota/Save Mart 350, Race, Second stage
Returning to green on lap 40, a number of cars – including race leader Truex – opted to short-pit the end of the second stage to set them up for the end of the race and because they didn't pit under the first stage break. This handed the race lead to Jimmie Johnson, who drove on to win the second stage. Caution flew moments later for the completion of the stage. Denny Hamlin assumed the race lead by electing not to pit.


2017 Toyota/Save Mart 350, Race, Final stage
The race restarted with 56 laps to go. With 47 to go, Busch took advantage of Hamlin's slip into Turn 11 to take the lead, only to allow Kevin Harvick to pass him unchallenged on the frontstretch two laps later. With 43 to go, Truex caught Harvick and out-braked him entering Turn 11 to retake the lead. On the following lap, cars were hitting pit road to make their final stop of the race. Truex did so with 40 to go, and a slow stop shuffled him behind Harvick in the running order. Jamie McMurray assumed the lead with 39 to go before pitting the next time around, handing the lead to Brad Keselowski, who was hoping for a caution.


2017 Toyota/Save Mart 350, Race, Final stage
Shortly after his slow stop, Truex reported he was losing a cylinder (engine was failing). He was fading at first, but then reported the problem had subsided. He worked his way up to third before making an unscheduled stop with 24 to go and subsequently to the garage for an engine failure.


2017 Toyota/Save Mart 350, Race, Final stage
With 24 to go, Harvick had closed the gap to Keselowski to 1.3 seconds. Two laps later, Harvick made the race-winning pass on Keselowski rounding Turn 7a and set sail. On the final lap, Kasey Kahne slammed the barriers on the frontstretch as Harvick was coming to the line. This ended the race under caution and Harvick, who had a nine-second lead over second-place Bowyer, drove on to victory.


2017 Toyota/Save Mart 350, Media, Television
Fox NASCAR televised the race in the United States on FS1 for the third consecutive year. Mike Joy was the lap-by-lap announcer, while six-time Sonoma winner Jeff Gordon and Darrell Waltrip were the color commentators. Jamie Little, Chris Neville and Matt Yocum reported from pit lane during the race.


2017 Toyota/Save Mart 350, Media, Radio
Radio coverage of the race was broadcast by Performance Racing Network. PRN's broadcast of the race was simulcasted on Sirius XM NASCAR Radio. Doug Rice and Mark Garrow announced the race in the booth while the field was racing on the pit straight. Pat Patterson called the race from a stand outside of turn 2 when the field was racing up turns 2, 3 and 3a. Brad Gillie called the race from a stand outside of turn 7a when the field was racing through turns 4a and 7a.


2017 Toyota/Save Mart 350, Media, Radio
The field came back into the view of the booth in turns 8 and 9. Rob Albright called the race from a billboard outside turn 11 when the field was racing through turns 10 and 11. Jeff Hammond, Brett McMillan, Jim Noble and Wendy Venturini reported from pit lane during the race.


2017 Trail World Championships
The 2017 Trail World Championships was the 7th edition of the global trail running competition, Trail World Championships, organised by the International Association of Ultrarunners (IAU) and was held in Badia Prataglia (Italy), the 10 June 2017.


2017 Trampoline Gymnastics World Championships
The 32nd Trampoline Gymnastics World Championships were held in Sofia, Bulgaria, from November 9–12, 2017.


2017 Trans-Am Series
The 2017 Trans-Am Series was the 49th running of the Sports Car Club of America's Trans-Am Series, and consisted of 13 races. The Detroit race was for TA and TA2 only, and the Circuit of the Americas race was a shared race.


2017 Trans-Am Series
The rules set from the end of the 2016 season featured four classes: TA, TA2, TA3, and TA4 was retained for 2017.


2017 Trans-Am Series
A separate "West Coast" championship with 3 races separate from the main championship and one round shared with the main championship, the race at Circuit of the Americas will be contested for the first time ever.


2017 Trans-Am Series, Schedule changes
The New Jersey Motorsports Park and Watkins Glen races moved from the spring to the fall while Homestead-Miami Speedway moved from the fall to the Spring. NOLA Motorsports Park was dropped from the schedule, while the series ran at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway road course for the first time, sharing a weekend with the Sportscar Vintage Racing Association.


2017 Trans-Am Series, Television
The following events were televised on CBS Sports Network on a tape-delay basis:


2017 Travelers Curling Club Championship
The 2017 Travelers Curling Club Championship was held from November 20 to 25 at the Cataraqui Golf and Country Club in Kingston, Ontario.


2017 Travelers Men's NOCA Provincials
The 2017 Travelers Northern Ontario Men's Provincial Championship, the "provincial" men's curling championship of Northern Ontario was held February 8–12 at the Fort William Curling Club in Thunder Bay, Ontario. The winning team  Will represent Northern Ontario at the 2017 Tim Hortons Brier in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador.


2017 Tre Valli Varesine
The 2017 Tre Valli Varesine was the 97th edition of the Tre Valli Varesine road cycling one day race. It was held on 3 October 2017 as part of the 2017 UCI Europe Tour in category 1.HC, over a distance of 192.9 km, starting in Saronno and ending in Varese.


2017 Tre Valli Varesine
The race was won by Alexandre Geniez of AG2R La Mondiale.


2017 Tre Valli Varesine, Teams
Twenty-four teams were invited to take part in the race. These included thirteen UCI WorldTeams, seven UCI Professional Continental teams and four UCI Continental teams.


2017 Trek–Segafredo season
The 2017 season for the Trek–Segafredo cycling team began in January at the Tour Down Under. As a UCI WorldTeam, they were automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour.


2017 Treviso Open
The 2017 Dynamic Treviso Open, was the fifth and final Euro Tour 9-Ball pool event in 2017. The event was won by Poland's Wiktor Zieliński who defeated Austria's Mario He 9–1 in the final. This was Zielinski's first Euro Tour victory, as he became the youngest player to win a Euro Tour event, aged 16.


2017 Treviso Open
2016 Treviso Open champion David Alcaide lost in the last 32 of the event against Maximilian Lechner.


2017 Treviso Open, Tournament format
The event saw a total of 142 players compete, in a double-elimination knockout tournament, until the last 32 stage; where the tournament was contested as single elimination.


2017 Trinidad and Tobago FA Trophy
The 2017 Trinidad and Tobago FA Trophy was the 86th season of the FA Trophy, which is the oldest football competition for teams in Trinidad and Tobago. North East Stars entered as the tournament's defending champion, who defeated W Connection 5-4 on penalties after a 0–0 in the 2014–15 final at Ato Boldon Stadium. The tournament began on 16 September with 64 teams competing in single elimination matches and will conclude with the final on 8 December. W Connection won their 5th FA Trophy after beating Police 3-1 in the final at the Ato Boldon Stadium.


2017 Trinidad and Tobago FA Trophy, Qualification
The 2017–18 FA Trophy will involve all ten Pro League clubs, twenty Super League sides, six each from the Northern FA, Eastern FA, Central FA, Southern FA, and five from the Tobago FA and the Eastern Counties Football Union (ECFU).


2017 Trinidad and Tobago FA Trophy, Qualification
The following clubs qualified for the 83rd edition of the FA Trophy:


2017 Trinidad and Tobago FA Trophy, Schedule
The schedule for the 2017–18 FA Trophy, as announced by the Trinidad and Tobago Football Association:


2017 Trinidad and Tobago FA Trophy, Results
All matches were played over two 45 minute halves, and in the process if the match were drawn at the end of regulation time, penalty kicks will decide the outcome.


2017 Trinidad and Tobago FA Trophy, Results, Round of 64
The draw for the most prestigious knockout tournament held by the Trinidad and Tobago Football Association was made on 22 August 2017 at its head office in the Ato Boldon Stadium with ties played on 16 and 17 of September 2017.


2017 Trinidad and Tobago FA Trophy, Results, Round of 32
The matches of the Round of 32 are as follows and will be played from 1 to 5 October 2017.


2017 Trinidad and Tobago FA Trophy, Results, Round of 16
The draws for the Round of 16 are as follows. Morvant Caledonia United made another leap towards a fourth FA Trophy by ousting fellow Pro League compatriots and defending champions North East Stars 4-1 on penalties following a 1-1 draw in one of six Round-of-16 clashes contested on Sunday. Connection, four-time former champions, edged Super League’s Cunupia FC 3-2 in a fiery contest that saw three red cards, a missed penalty, a converted penalty, and a “Showtime” double at the Mannie Ramjohn Stadium.


2017 Trinidad and Tobago FA Trophy, Results, Round of 16
But six-time former champions Defence Force, led by an uninterrupted hat-trick from Trinidad and Tobago attacking midfielder Hashim Arcia, made light work of Central 500 Spartans, trashing the Super League outfit 5-1 at Barataria Oval. Three-time former champions, Police FC, left it late against WASA FC’s Eastern Football Association (EFA) side for a 2-1 win through goals by Elijah Belgrave and Kenaz Williams 89th and 92nd minutes to overturn a one-goal deficit at WASA Ground in St. Joseph after Theo Hosein had given the hosts the lead on 59 minutes. Elsewhere, Jabari Mitchell and Shaquille Dublin scored on either side of the break to earn 1969 champions Point Fortin Civic a 2-0 win over Police FC’s Super League side at Police Barracks in St. James.


2017 Trinidad and Tobago FA Trophy, Results, Quarterfinals
Former champions Morvant Caledonia United and Police FC, both of the Pro League, have booked their places into the 2017 FA Trophy semi-final round which is tentatively set November 26.


2017 Trinidad and Tobago FA Trophy, Results, Quarterfinals
Morvant Caledonia edged Super League side Club Sando Moruga 1-0 courtesy Kareem Joseph’s late converted penalty before Police rallied from a goal down to beat rivals Defence Force 3-1 to complete the first quarter-final double-header at the Hasely Crawford Stadium training field on Tuesday afternoon. Neil Benjamin Jr. scored his 15th goal in all competitions this season to lift W Connection to a 1-0 win over Super League side Guaya United on Wednesday night to complete the last four of the 2017 FA Trophy.


2017 Trinidad and Tobago FA Trophy, Results, Quarterfinals
Connection, FA champions of 1999, 2000, 2002 and 2013-14, joined Pro League compatriots and former champions Morvant Caledonia United and Police FC, and 1976 FC Phoenix—the last remaining team of 19 Super League clubs that were part of the competition this season—into the semi-final round which is expected to be contested on November 26.


2017 Trinidad and Tobago FA Trophy, Results, Semifinals
W Connection and Police FC have set up an all-Pro League final of the 2017 FA Trophy on December 17 after comfortable semi-final wins yesterday over Tobago’s 1976 FC Phoenix, 3-0, and Morvant Caledonia United, 5-1, respectively, at Ato Boldon Stadium.


2017 Trinidad and Tobago FA Trophy, Results, Semifinals
Neil Benjamin Jr. put four-time champions Connection ahead in just the fourth minute of the semi-final one against Phoenix before veteran attacker Hughtun Hector (26’) and Suriname forward Dimitri Apai (75’) sent the Tobagonians packing.


2017 Trinidad and Tobago FA Trophy, Results, Semifinals
Later, Kareem Freitas scored a hat-trick, netting in the 19th, 54th and 84th minutes at the Couva venue, interrupted by the break and a double from teammate Elijah Belgrave (47th & 51st minutes) to as the Lawmen dispatched three-time former champions Morvant Caledonia, who grabbed a consolation item in the 90th minute through Sedale Mc Lean.


2017 Trinidad and Tobago FA Trophy, Results, Final
W Connection celebrated a fifth FA Trophy, reuniting with the title they last won in 2014 after defeating 10-men Police FC 3-1 last night at the Home of Football, Ato Boldon Stadium in Couva to bring down the curtain on the 2017 season for top-flight clubs.


2017 Trinidad and Tobago FA Trophy, Results, Final
Veteran midfielder Hughtun Hector scored late on either side of the break to finish with a double and the eventual MVP award after Suriname international Dimitri Apai opened the 2017 final scoring for coach Stuart Charles-Fevrier’s men.


2017 Trinidad and Tobago FA Trophy, Results, Final
“It’s a great feeling; a Christmas feeling, to come away champions,” said W Connection assistant coach Earl Jean after his team were crowned the $100,000 2017 FA Trophy champions.


2017 Trinidad and Tobago League Cup
The 2017 Trinidad and Tobago League Cup (known for sponsorship reasons as the 2017 First Citizens Cup) was the eighteenth season of the First Citizens Cup, which is the league cup competition for Trinidad and Tobago teams competing in the TT Pro League. Defence Force entered as the cup holders having defeated Ma Pau Stars by a score of 1–0 in the 2016 final. First Citizens Bank changed the slogan to "Where Winners Reign" due to the amount of money that the winner of the tournament would obtain.


2017 Trinidad and Tobago League Cup
Teams were drawn into numbers with respect to their position in the 2017 TT Pro League at the time of the draw. It means that teams from 7–10 in the league enter at the play-offs, while from 1–6 enter at the quarterfinal stage. W Connection were crowned 8-time champions after defeating Defence Force in the final.


2017 Trinidad and Tobago League Cup, Draw Numbers
The teams were drawn into their respective league position at the time of the draw.


2017 Trinidad and Tobago League Cup, Results, Quarterfinals
The quarterfinals began with a double header at the Ato Boldon Stadium where Club Sando made a come from behind win against Morvant Caledonia United. It set the seen for an enthralling game between Defence Force and San Juan Jabloteh which ended 3-3 with 'the Army' advancing to the semis. A surprise result happened the following day with Point Fortin Civic knocking out North East Stars. The final game of the quarters was the 'Couva Classico' where 'The Savonetta Boys' beat Central to face Club Sando in the semis.


2017 Trinidad and Tobago League Cup, Results, Semi-Finals
Goalkeeper Andre Marchan epitomised the true heart-of-a-soldier when, limping through injury, he made three saves in a nail-biting penalty shootout against Point Fortin Civic on Friday night to put Defence Force one win away from successfully defending the First Citizens Cup. In a scintillating contest fit for a final, Defence Force surfaced 4-3 penalty winners over Civic following a dramatic 3-3 draw in semi-final one at the Ato Boldon Stadium, before Connection left it late to dispatch 10-men Club Sando 2-0 in semi-final two with a goal each from Neil Benjamin Jr. and substitute Daniel Diaz.


2017 Trinidad and Tobago League Cup, Results, Final
Suriname international Dimitrie Apai picked up the Final’s MVP and Best Forward honours while his side W Connection celebrated a record-extending eighth First Citizens Cup by dethroning Defence Force 3-1 on Friday night at the Ato Boldon Stadium in Couva.


2017 Trinidad and Tobago Pro Bowl
The 2017 Trinidad and Tobago Pro Bowl was the thirteenth season of the Digicel Pro Bowl, which is a knockout football tournament for Trinidad and Tobago teams competing in the TT Pro League. Defence Force entered as the cup holders having defeated W Connection by a score of 2–1 in the 2016 final. Defence Force won the tournament by 5-3 on penalty kicks over Central after a 2-2 draw at the final whistle.


2017 Trinidad and Tobago Pro Bowl, Qualification, Enter at quarterfinals
1st. Central2nd. W Connection3rd. San Juan Jabloteh4th. Ma Pau Stars5th. Club Sando6th. Defence Force


2017 Trinidad and Tobago Pro Bowl, Qualification, Enter at Qualifiers
7th. Police8th. St. Ann's Rangers9th. Morvant Caledonia United10th. Point Fortin Civic


2017 Tripura earthquake
A magnitude 5.7 earthquake struck India 20 km (12 mi) east north-east of Ambassa in the state of Tripura on 3 January 2017 with a maximum observed intensity of 6-7 EMS. It struck at 2:39 pm local time (09:09 UTC), and was centered in an isolated area. The estimated depth was 32.0 km.


2017 Tripura earthquake
One person died and five others were injured in India. At least 50 houses were damaged due to landslides that occurred in Dhalai district, while roads were blocked after trees were uprooted. According to the Tripura State Disaster Management Authority, at least 6,727 buildings were damaged in Tripura in the districts of Dhalai and Unakoti. Shaking was felt in many parts of north-eastern India including as far as Kolkata. The tremor was also felt in neighboring Bangladesh, where two people died and three others were injured. The earthquake caused liquefaction on the banks of the Manu river in Tripura and along the Dhalai river in adjacent parts of Bangladesh, in particular in the Kamalganj area.


2017 Tro-Bro Léon
The 2017 Tro-Bro Léon was a one-day road cycling race that took place on 17 April 2017. It was the 34th edition of the Tro-Bro Léon and was rated as a 1.1 event as part of the 2017 UCI Europe Tour. It was also the eighth event of the 2017 French Road Cycling Cup.


2017 Tro-Bro Léon
The race was won by Damien Gaudin (Armée de Terre).


2017 Tro-Bro Léon, Teams
Nineteen teams were invited to take part in the race. These included two UCI WorldTeams, eight UCI Professional Continental teams and nine UCI Continental teams.


2017 Trofeo Alfredo Binda-Comune di Cittiglio
The 2017 Trofeo Alfredo Binda-Comune di Cittiglio was the 19th running of the women's Trofeo Alfredo Binda-Comune di Cittiglio, a women's bicycle race in Italy. It was the third race of the 2017 UCI Women's World Tour season and was held on 19 March 2017; the race started in Gavirate and finished in Cittiglio.


2017 Trofeo Alfredo Binda-Comune di Cittiglio
In a reduced field sprint finish, Team Sunweb rider Coryn Rivera from the United States achieved her first World Tour race win, out-sprinting Cuban national champion Arlenis Sierra (Astana), while Denmark's Cecilie Uttrup Ludwig completed the podium for the Cervélo–Bigla Pro Cycling team.


2017 Trofeo Angelo Caffi
The 2017 Trofeo Angelo Caffi was the second edition of the Trofeo Angelo Caffi run at the 2017 Bologna Motor Show. The event featured cars and teams from the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series duelling at a temporary racetrack. The event was won by Lorenzo Marcucci.


2017 Trofeo Città di Brescia
The 2017 Trofeo Città di Brescia was a professional tennis tournament played on carpet courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2017 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Brescia, Italy between 13 and 19 November 2017.


2017 Trofeo Città di Brescia, Singles main draw entrants, Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:


2017 Trofeo Città di Brescia, Singles main draw entrants, Other entrants
The following player received entry into the singles main draw using a protected ranking:


2017 Trofeo Città di Brescia, Singles main draw entrants, Other entrants
The following player received entry into the singles main draw as an alternate:


2017 Trofeo Città di Brescia – Doubles
Mikhail Elgin and Alexander Kudryavtsev were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.


2017 Trofeo Città di Brescia – Doubles
Sander Arends and Sander Gillé won the title after defeating Luca Margaroli and Tristan-Samuel Weissborn 6–2, 6–3 in the final.


2017 Trofeo Città di Brescia – Singles
Luca Vanni was the defending champion but chose not to defend his title.


2017 Trofeo Città di Brescia – Singles
Lukáš Lacko won the title after defeating Laurynas Grigelis 6–1, 6–2 in the final.


2017 Trofeo Faip–Perrel
The 2017 Trofeo Faip–Perrel will be a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It will be the twelfth edition of the tournament which will be part of the 2017 ATP Challenger Tour. It will take place in Bergamo, Italy between 20 and 26 February 2016.


2017 Trofeo Faip–Perrel, Singles main draw entrants, Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:


2017 Trofeo Faip–Perrel – Doubles
Ken and Neal Skupski were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.


2017 Trofeo Faip–Perrel – Doubles
Julian Knowle and Adil Shamasdin won the title after defeating Dino Marcan and Tristan-Samuel Weissborn 6–3, 6–3 in the final.


2017 Trofeo Faip–Perrel – Singles
Pierre-Hugues Herbert was the defending champion but withdrew before the tournament began.


2017 Trofeo Faip–Perrel – Singles
Jerzy Janowicz won the title after defeating Quentin Halys 6–4, 6–4 in the final.


2017 Trofeo Laigueglia
The 2017 Trofeo Laigueglia was a one-day road cycling race that took place on 12 February 2017 in and around Laigueglia, Italy. It was the 54rd edition of the Trofeo Laigueglia and was rated as a 1.HC event as part of the 2017 UCI Europe Tour.


2017 Trofeo Laigueglia
The race was won by Fabio Felline, riding for an Italian national team select, attacking the peloton with around 15 kilometres (9.3 miles) remaining, and soloing away to victory by 25 seconds from his closest competitor. Second place went to Romain Hardy for the Fortuneo–Vital Concept team, ahead of Delko–Marseille Provence KTM's Mauro Finetto.


2017 Trofeo Laigueglia, Teams
Twenty-three teams were invited to take part in the race. These included four UCI WorldTeams, twelve UCI Professional Continental teams, six UCI Continental teams and an Italian national team.


2017 Trofeo TCR Italy
The 2017 Trofeo TCR Italy was the inaugural edition of the Trofeo TCR Italy run at the 2017 Bologna Motor Show. The event featured cars and teams from the TCR Italy Touring Car Championship duelling at a temporary racetrack. The event was won by Giacomo Altoè.


2017 Troféu Joaquim Agostinho
The 2017 Troféu Joaquim Agostinho–GP Internacional Torres Vedras was a road cycling stage race that took place in the Centro region of Portugal between 5 and 9 July 2017. The race was rated as a 2.2 event as part of the 2017 UCI Europe Tour, and was the 40th edition of the Troféu Joaquim Agostinho.


2017 Tromsø IL season
The 2017 season is Tromsø's third season back in the Tippeligaen following their relegation in 2013, their 30th season in the top flight of Norwegian football and their second season with Bård Flovik as their manager.


2017 Tromsø IL season, Squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2017 Tromsø IL season, Squad, Out on loan
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2017 Tromsø IL season, Transfers, Winter
In:Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2017 Tromsø IL season, Transfers, Winter
Out:Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2017 Tromsø IL season, Transfers, Summer
In:Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2017 Tromsø IL season, Transfers, Summer
Out:Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2017 Trophée des Champions
The 2017 Trophée des Champions (transl. 2017 Champions Trophy) was the 22nd edition of the Trophée des Champions, the annual super cup in France. The match was contested by the 2016–17 Ligue 1 champions Monaco, and the 2016–17 Coupe de France champions Paris Saint-Germain. The match was played at the Stade Ibn Batouta in Tangier, Morocco.


2017 Trophée des Champions
Paris Saint-Germain were the four-time defending champions, having defeated Lyon 4–1 in the 2016 edition, which was played in Austria.


2017 Trophée des Champions
Paris Saint-Germain won the match 2–1 for their seventh Trophée des Champions title.


2017 Trophée des Champions, Match, Summary
Djibril Sidibé opened the scoring for Monaco in the 30th minute when he ran through on goal before clipping the ball past the advancing goalkeeper Alphonse Areola from just outside the penalty area with his right foot. Dani Alves equalised in the 51st minute, scoring with his right foot from a free-kick which went over the wall and into the top left corner from over 25 yards out. Adrien Rabiot got the winning goal in the 63rd minute when he headed into the net from six yards out after a cross from the right from Dani Alves.


2017 Trophée des Champions, Match, Details
Assistant referees:Hicham Ait Abbou (Morocco)Lahcen Azgaou (Morocco)Fourth official:Adil Zourak (Morocco)


2017 Troy Trojans baseball team
The 2017 Troy Trojans baseball team represented the Troy University in the 2017 NCAA Division I baseball season. The Trojans played their home games at Riddle–Pace Field.


2017 Troy Trojans baseball team, Schedule and results
Troy announced its 2017 football schedule on October 27, 2016. The 2017 schedule consisted of 28 home and 28 away games in the regular season. The Trojans hosted Sun Belts foes Appalachian State, Georgia Southern, Louisiana–Lafayette, Louisiana–Monroe, and Texas State and will travel to Coastal Carolina, Georgia State, Little Rock, South Alabama, and Texas–Arlington.


2017 Troy Trojans baseball team, Schedule and results
The 2017 Sun Belt Conference Championship was contested May 24–28 in Statesboro, Georgia, and was hosted by Georgia Southern.


2017 Troy Trojans baseball team, Schedule and results
Troy finished 4th in the east division of the conference which qualified the Trojans to compete in the tournament as the 6th seed seeking for the team's 4th Sun Belt Conference tournament title.


2017 Troy Trojans football team
The 2017 Troy Trojans football team represented Troy University in the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Trojans played their home games at Veterans Memorial Stadium in Troy, Alabama, and competed in the Sun Belt Conference. They were led by third-year head coach Neal Brown. They finished the season 11–2, 7–1 in Sun Belt play to finish in a tie for the Sun Belt championship. They received an invitation to the New Orleans Bowl where they defeated North Texas.


2017 Troy Trojans football team, Previous season
The Trojans finished the 2016 season 10–3, 6–2 in Sun Belt play to finish in a tie for third place. They were invited to the Dollar General Bowl where they defeated Ohio. The season marked the first 10-win season for Troy since joining the FBS in 2001. It was also the first time that Troy had received a Top 25 ranking since.


2017 Troy Trojans football team, Schedule
Troy announced its 2017 football schedule on March 1, 2017. The 2017 schedule consisted of six home and away games in the regular season. The Trojans hosted Sun Belt foes Georgia Southern, Idaho, South Alabama, and Texas State, and traveled to Arkansas State, Coastal Carolina, Georgia State, and New Mexico State.


2017 Troy Trojans football team, Schedule
The Trojans hosted two of their four non-conference opponents, Akron from the Mid-American Conference and Alabama State from the Southwestern Athletic Conference, and will travel to Boise State from the Mountain West Conference and LSU from the Southeastern Conference.


2017 Troy Trojans football team, Game summaries, at LSU
Troy beat LSU securing their first win against an AP TOP 25 team.


2017 Tulane Green Wave football team
The 2017 Tulane Green Wave football team represented Tulane University in the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Green Wave played their home games at Yulman Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana, and competed in the West Division of the American Athletic Conference. They were led by second-year head coach Willie Fritz. They finished the season 5–7, 3–5 in AAC play to finish in fifth place in the West Division.


2017 Tulane Green Wave football team, Schedule
Tulane announced its 2017 football schedule on February 9, 2017. The 2017 schedule consists of 6 home and away games in the regular season. The Green Wave hosted AAC foes Cincinnati, Houston, South Florida, and Tulsa, and traveled to East Carolina, Memphis, Navy, and SMU.


2017 Tulane Green Wave football team, Schedule
The Green Wave hosted two of the four non-conference opponents: Army, which is an independent football school, and Grambling State from the Southwestern Athletic Conference. The team traveled to Florida International (FIU) from Conference USA and Oklahoma from the Big 12 Conference.


2017 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team
The 2017 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team represented the University of Tulsa in the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Golden Hurricane played their home games at the Skelly Field at H. A. Chapman Stadium in Tulsa, Oklahoma, and competed in the West Division of the American Athletic Conference. They were led by third-year head coach Philip Montgomery. They finished the season 2–10, 1–7 in AAC play to finish in last place in the West Division.


2017 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team, Schedule
Tulsa announced its 2017 football schedule on February 9, 2017. The 2017 schedule consists of 6 home and away games in the regular season. The Golden Hurricane will host AAC foes Houston, Memphis, Navy, and Temple, and will travel to UConn, SMU, South Florida, and Tulane.


2017 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team, Schedule
The Golden Hurricane will host two of the four non-conference opponents, Louisiana from the Sun Belt Conference and New Mexico from the Mountain West Conference, and will travel to Oklahoma State from the Big 12 Conference and Toledo from the Mid-American Conference.


2017 Tulsa Roughnecks FC season
The 2017 Tulsa Roughnecks FC season is the club's third season of existence, and their third in the United Soccer League. It is the club's first season playing in the second division of American soccer following U.S. Soccer's sanctioning of USL as a Division II professional league. Including the previous iterations of franchises named "Tulsa Roughnecks", this is the 17th season of a soccer club named the "Roughnecks" playing in the Tulsa metropolitan area.


2017 Tulsa Roughnecks FC season
Outside of the USL, the Roughnecks participated in the 2017 U.S. Open Cup.


2017 Turin stampede
The 2017 Turin stampede (Italian: Tragedia di Piazza San Carlo) occurred on 3 June 2017 when panic emerged in the Piazza San Carlo after a robbery attempt during a screening of the UEFA Champions League Final in Turin, Italy between local team Juventus and Real Madrid. Three people died as a result of the incident, and at least 1,672 people were injured.


2017 Turin stampede, Stampede
The incident occurred at approximately 10:30 p.m. local time, about 10 minutes before the end of the match, when panic erupted among those at Piazza San Carlo, leading to a stampede. During the panic, a railing of stairs leading to an underground parking garage gave way, causing additional injuries.


2017 Turin stampede, Stampede
Although the panic was initially thought to be caused by the noise of firecrackers, it was later determined to be caused by a robbery attempt of shooting pepper spray into the crowd to steal valuables among the public, and someone shouting that a bomb had gone off may have fueled the panic.


2017 Turin stampede, Casualties
At least 1,672 people were injured, including seven who were seriously injured. On 15 June, less than two weeks after the stampede, a 38-year-old woman, Erika Pioletti, died in hospital of her sustained injuries. Another woman, Marisa Amato, became tetraplegic and eventually died in hospital on 25 January 2019. A man, Anthony Bucci, died on 31 January 2020, in hospital after two years of battling with an amputated foot.


2017 Turin stampede, Reactions and investigations
Some older Juventus fans said the stampede had evoked painful memories of the Heysel Stadium disaster in 1985, when 39 fans, mostly Juventus supporters from Italy, were crushed against a collapsing wall in Brussels, Belgium, before the start of the 1985 European Cup Final between Juventus and Liverpool.


2017 Turin stampede, Reactions and investigations
In November 2017, the Prosecutor Office of Turin started a formal investigation involving around twenty suspects, included the mayor Chiara Appendino and the police chief Angelo Sanna.


2017 Turin stampede, Reactions and investigations
On 13 April 2018, eight people were arrested on charges of triggering mass panic to commit a robbery using pepper spray. One of them confessed the crime. The suspects were identified by telephone interceptions, in one of which a gold necklace stolen in the event was mentioned.


2017 Turin stampede, Reactions and investigations
On 14 May 2019, the victims of the tragedy were commemorated with a plaque in the piazza.


2017 Turin stampede, Reactions and investigations
On 17 May 2019, Sohaib Bouimadaghen, Hamza Belghazi and Mohammed Machmachi were sentenced to 10 years, 4 months and 20 days in prison, and Aymene El Sahibi to 10 years, 3 months and 24 days in prison.


2017 Turkey men's EuroBasket team
Turkey cut its squad to 14 players on 18 August 2017.


2017 Turkish Basketball Cup
The 2017 Turkish Basketball Cup was the 32nd edition of Turkey's professional national cup competition for men's basketball teams. The tournament was held in the Ankara Arena in the capital city of Ankara, Turkey.


2017 Turkish Basketball Presidential Cup
The 2017 Turkish Basketball Presidential Cup (Turkish: 2017 Erkekler Basketbol Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kupası) was the 33rd edition of the Turkish Basketball Presidential Cup. The game was played between Fenerbahçe Doğuş, champions of the 2016–17 Basketbol Süper Ligi, and Banvit, the winners of the 2017 Turkish Cup.


2017 Turkish Basketball Presidential Cup
Banvit made its second appearance, while Fenerbahçe played in its 14th President's Cup and won its 7th title.


2017 Turkish Basketball Presidential Cup, Match details
Luigi Datome, who had 14 points and 5 rebounds in the game, was named the Presidential Cup MVP.


2017 Turkish Parliament Speaker election
The mid-term Turkish Parliament Speaker elections of 2017 were held on 20 November 2017 in order to elect the Speaker of the Grand National Assembly. The election took place in three rounds, with a fourth becoming unnecessary after incumbent Speaker İsmail Kahraman was re-elected with 289 votes.


2017 Turkish Parliament Speaker election
A total of six candidates stood for election, with the Justice and Development Party (AKP) both re-nominating incumbent speaker İsmail Kahraman and also nominating Tamer Dağlı as a 'back-up candidate' in case there was a deterioration in Kahraman's health. The Republican People's Party (CHP) nominated Zekeriya Temizel, Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) nominated Celal Adan while the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) nominated imprisoned MP Selma Irmak. The İYİ Party, established less than a month before the election by Meral Akşener, nominated Yusuf Halaçoğlu.


2017 Turkish Parliament Speaker election
To protest the inability of their imprisoned MPs to vote and participate in parliamentary proceedings, the HDP nominated one of their imprisoned MPs. The AKP's back-up candidate Tamer Dağlı withdrew before the third round to allow Kahraman to have a clear path to victory.


2017 Turkish Parliament Speaker election, Election process
Elections for the Speaker of the Grand National Assembly are held every two years, once at the start of the parliamentary term (immediately after elections) and one in the half-way through.


2017 Turkish Parliament Speaker election, Election process
The Speaker is elected by secret ballot through a maximum of four rounds held within Parliament, with a two-thirds majority of 367 votes to be elected outright in the first two rounds. If the election goes into a third round, the votes needed to win is lowered to a simple majority (276) votes. If the election goes into a fourth round, the top two candidates who won the most votes in the third round contest a run-off, with the candidate winning the highest number of votes being elected.


2017 Turkish Parliament Speaker election, Election process
The vote is held via a secret ballot. The incumbent speaker, on grounds of neutrality, is not allowed to participate. This meant that the despite having 316 seats in parliament, the AKP only has 315 voting-eligible MPs.


2017 Turkish Parliament Speaker election, Candidates, Potential candidates
Before the election, there was speculation over whether Kahraman would be the AKP's candidate, given frictions within the party and a desire for change. It was later reported that the party had suffered long arguments over whether to renominate Kahraman and that it was eventually decided that it would support him should he personally wish to run for re-election. His eventual candidacy resulted in AKP officials attempting to convince Burhan Kuzu, who has expressed a long public desire in becoming speaker, to rule himself out from running without his party's support. Kuzu openly expressed his resentment as a result.


2017 Turkish Parliament Speaker election, Candidates, AKP 'back-up' candidate
The AKP implemented a 'back-up candidate' strategy for the speaker election, which involved nominating a 2nd candidate in the event of unforeseen circumstances, such as a worsening in Kahraman's health. The candidate was chosen alphabetically, from Adana (which is first alphabetically in Turkey's list of electoral districts), with Tamer Dağlı at the top of the list (below Ömer Çelik, who wasn't able to run since he is a government minister). The lottery system put in place was likened to choosing a name out of a hat, and Dağlı earned the nickname 'bunny candidate' as a result.


2017 Turkish Parliament Speaker election, Candidates, AKP 'back-up' candidate
Dağlı's candidacy led to concerns as the election drew nearer. Commentators alleged that he was the preferred candidate of AKP leader Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, whom Dağlı claimed had personally asked him to run. Erdoğan had previously stated that he had no knowledge of Kahraman's candidacy until it was officially announced. The 'back-up candidacy' model also raised concerns that dissident MPs within the AKP could vote for Dağlı and publicly demonstrate a split in the party, prompting Dağlı to openly call for MPs to not vote for him.


2017 Turkish Super Cup
The 2017 Turkish Super Cup (Turkish: TFF Süper Kupa) was the 44th edition of the Turkish Super Cup since its establishment as Presidential Cup in 1966, the annual Turkish football season-opening match contested by the winners of the previous season's top league and cup competitions (or cup runner-up in case the league- and cup-winning club is the same). It was played on 6 August 2017 between the champions of 2016–17 Süper Lig, Beşiktaş, and the winners of 2016–17 Turkish Cup, Konyaspor.


2017 Turkish Women's Cup
The 2017 Alanya Gold City Cup or 2017 Turkish Women's Cup  was the first edition of the Turkish Women's Cup, an invitational women's football tournament held annually in Turkey. It took place from 1 to 7 March 2017.


2017 Turkish Women's Cup, Format
The four invited teams played a round-robin tournament. Points awarded in the group stage follow the standard formula of three points for a win, one point for a draw and zero points for a loss. In the case of two teams being tied on the same number of points in a group, their head-to-head result determine the higher place, or in case of a tie, the goal difference.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held throughout Turkey on 16 April 2017 on whether to approve 18 proposed amendments to the Turkish constitution that were brought forward by the governing Justice and Development Party (AKP) and the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP). As a result of its approval, the office of the Prime Minister was abolished and the existing parliamentary system of government was replaced with an executive presidency and a presidential system.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum
The number of seats in Parliament was raised from 550 to 600, while, among a series of other proposals, the president was given more control over appointments to the Supreme Board of Judges and Prosecutors (HSYK). The referendum was held under a state of emergency that was declared following a failed military coup attempt in July 2016.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum
Early results indicated a 51–49% lead for the "Yes" vote. In an unprecedented move, the Supreme Electoral Council (YSK) allowed non-stamped ballots to be accepted as valid. Some critics of the reform decried this move to be illegal, claiming that as many as 1.5 million ballots were unstamped, and did not recognize the results. Large-scale protests erupted following the results in order to protest the YSK's decision. In subsequent reports, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) both criticized unfairness during the campaign and declared the YSK's decision to be illegal.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum
An executive presidency has been a long-standing proposal of the governing AKP and its founder, the current President of Turkey, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. In October 2016, the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) announced its co-operation for producing draft proposals with the government, with the combined support of both AKP and MHP MPs being sufficient to put forward the proposals to a referendum following a parliamentary vote in January.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum
Those in favour of a 'Yes' vote argued that the changes were necessary for a strong and stable Turkey, arguing that an executive presidency would bring about an end to unstable coalition governments that had dominated Turkish politics since the 1960s up until 2002. The 'No' campaign have argued that the proposals would concentrate too much power in the hands of the President, effectively dismantling the separation of powers and taking legislative authority away from Parliament.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum
Critics argued that the proposed system would resemble an 'elected dictatorship' with no ability to hold the executive to account, leading effectively to a 'democratic suicide' and autocracy. Three days before the referendum, one of Erdoğan's aides called for a federal system should the 'Yes' vote prevail, causing a backlash from the pro-Yes MHP. Both sides of the campaign have been accused of using divisive and extreme rhetoric, with Erdoğan accusing all 'No' voters of being terrorists siding with the plotters of the failed 2016 coup.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum
The campaign was marred by allegations of state suppression against 'No' campaigners, while the 'Yes' campaign were able to make use of state facilities and funding to organize rallies and campaign events. Leading members of the 'No' campaign, which included many high-profile former members of the MHP such as Meral Akşener, Ümit Özdağ, Sinan Oğan, and Yusuf Halaçoğlu were all subject to both violence and campaign restrictions.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum
The 'Yes' campaign were faced with campaigning restrictions by several European countries, with the German, Dutch, Danish and Swiss governments all cancelling or requesting the suspension of 'Yes' campaign events directed at Turkish voters living abroad. The restrictions caused a sharp deterioration in diplomatic relations and caused a diplomatic crisis between Turkey and the Netherlands. Concerns were also raised about voting irregularities, with 'Yes' voters in Germany being caught attempting to vote more than once and also being found to have been in possession of ballot papers before the overseas voting process had started. European election monitors said the vote did not meet international standards.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Background
Introducing a presidential system was proposed by then-Minister of Justice Cemil Çiçek and backed by then-Prime Minister Erdoğan in 2005. Since then, the current presidential system has been openly supported by Justice and Development Party leaders several times, along with a "new constitution". Justice and Development Party vice-president Hayati Yazıcı proposed April 2017 as a date for the referendum.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Constitutional amendments, Initial proposals
On 10 December 2016, the AKP and MHP brought forward a total of 21 proposed amendments to the constitution and began collecting signatures from MPs in order to begin the parliamentary procedures for initiating a referendum. After Assembly Commission talks, 3 proposals were withdrawn, leaving 18 amendments remaining. The full-text proposal in Turkish and the present Turkish constitution are found at the following links. The most important changes have been highlighted by the Union of Turkish Bar Associations.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Constitutional amendments, Initial proposals
An English-language summary and interpretation of the 18 amendments is listed in the table below.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Constitutional amendments, Parliamentary Constitutional Commission
After being signed by the AKP's 316 MPs, the 21 proposed changes were submitted to the Speaker of the Grand National Assembly and were then referred to the Parliamentary Constitutional Commission. The Parliamentary Constitutional Commission, headed by AKP MP Mustafa Şentop, began scrutinizing the proposals in December 2016, earlier than the planned date of January 2017. The Constitutional Commission is formed of 25 Members of which 15 are from the AKP, 5 are from the CHP, 3 are from the HDP and 2 are from the MHP, as per the composition of parliament. Since the AKP held a large majority of the commission's seats, it was expected by media commentators that there would be minimal surprise developments at the scrutiny stage. Debates in the commission were heated, with occasional fights being observed between MPs.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Constitutional amendments, Parliamentary Constitutional Commission
The Constitutional Commission has the power to amend or reject the proposed changes before they are put to a vote for all MPs. The Commission made minor changes to numerous proposals, such as raising the number of members of the Supreme Board of Judges and Prosecutors from 12 to 13. The commission rejected three of the 21 proposed changes, reducing the constitutional package from 21 proposals to 18.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Constitutional amendments, Parliamentary Constitutional Commission
The 5th proposal, which created 'reserve MPs' to take the parliamentary seats that fall vacant between elections, was controversially rejected with just three signatures, well short of the support of 25 commission members or 184 total MPs necessary. It was reported that AKP MPs opposed the creation of 'reserve MPs' on the grounds that it threatened the security of sitting MPs by incentivizing reserves to incapacitate them in order to take their seat. The 15th proposal, giving the President the right to structure the civil service and state institutions through executive decrees, was rejected. A day later on 29 December, the 14th proposal, which gave the right for the President to appoint senior bureaucratic officials, was also rejected.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Constitutional amendments, Parliamentary Constitutional Commission
The Commission completed the approval process on 30 December, rejecting 3 of the 21 proposals in total.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Constitutional amendments, Parliamentary voting
Following the completion of the Constitutional Commission hearings, the 18 proposals were presented to parliament for ratification. Constitutional amendments need a three fifths majority (330 votes) to be put forward to a referendum and a two-thirds majority (367 votes) to be ratified directly. Justice and Development Party (AKP) officials claimed before the vote that even if the 367-threshold was reached, the government would not ratify the changes without a referendum.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Constitutional amendments, Parliamentary voting
Parliament voted on each of the 18 proposals separately in two rounds. The first round served as an indicator of whether the amendments would gather sufficient support, with amendments being proposed by all parties present in the chamber. In the second round, parties are no longer permitted to propose changes to the proposals. The results of the second round are taken into account, with 330 votes needed to send them to a referendum or 367 for direct implementation. A final vote on all of the approved proposals at large, with the same thresholds, was undertaken at the end of the second round, with the entire process being disbanded if votes in favour fell below 330.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Constitutional amendments, Parliamentary voting
Of the total 550 Members of Parliament, 537 were entitled to a vote. 11 MPs from the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) were under arrest for terrorism charges and were unable to partake in the vote, with the remaining 48 HDP MPs boycotting the vote after their motion calling for the arrested MPs to be brought to parliament to vote was rejected. The Parliamentary Speaker İsmail Kahraman, who is unable to take part in the vote by virtue of being the Speaker, was hospitalized during the vote, meaning that AKP deputy speaker Ahmet Aydın presided over the proceedings and was therefore unable to cast a vote.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Constitutional amendments, Parliamentary voting
Of the 537 MPs eligible to vote, the AKP held 315, the CHP 133, the MHP 39, the HDP 48 and 2 were independent. Of the MHP's 39 MPs, 6 had openly stated that they would vote against the amendments, leaving the total number of MPs expected to vote 'Yes' at 348. The CHP's 133 MPs and the two independents, which consisted of Aylin Nazlıaka and Ümit Özdağ, voted 'No' while the HDP boycotted the votes.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Constitutional amendments, Parliamentary voting
Parliamentary voting began on 9 January, with the first round of voting being completed on 15 January. Opposition politicians criticized the rushed way in which the votes were conducted, with four to five votes taking place in a day with no adjournments. The votes were marred by numerous irregularities, with CHP Members of Parliament filming AKP MPs openly casting their vote or intimidating uncertain MPs to vote 'Yes'. The Minister of Health, Recep Akdağ, was filmed casting an open vote, which is disallowed by the constitution, and openly admitting that he had committed a crime afterwards.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Constitutional amendments, Parliamentary voting
AKP MPs responded to attempts to film them with hostility, with fights occasionally breaking out between government and opposition MPs. CHP MP Fatma Kaplan Hürriyet was allegedly strangled by AKP Parliamentary Group Leader Mustafa Elitaş after she filmed Elitaş and Prime Minister Binali Yıldırım casting open votes. Several MPs were hospitalized, while the podium where MPs rose to make speeches was dislocated with one of its €15,000 microphones being reported as missing. The second round of voting was completed on 20 January, with all of the proposed amendments being approved. A final motion to enact the approved amendments was approved by 339 votes, surpassing the 330-vote threshold to hold a referendum but falling short of the 367-vote threshold needed to enact the amendments directly.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Constitutional amendments, Article voting
Several AKP MPs voted openly for the changes, violating the constitutional requirement of a secret vote.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Reception
The amendments were received with heavy criticism from opposition parties and non-governmental organisations, with criticism focusing particularly on the erosion of the separation of powers and the abolition of parliamentary accountability. Constitutional legal experts such as Kemal Gözler and İbrahim Kaboğlu claimed that the changes would result in the Parliament becoming effectively powerless, while the executive president would have controls over the executive, legislative, and judiciary.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Reception
On 4 December, the Atatürkist Thought Association (ADD), Association for the Support of Contemporary Living (ÇYDD) and the Trade Union Confederation held a rally in Ankara despite having their permissions revoked by the Governor of Ankara, calling for a rejection of the executive presidential system on the grounds that it threatened judicial independence and secular democratic values.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Reception
The amendments were initially received with mixed responses from the opposition CHP, which have long been critical of the AKP's constitutional plans. Shortly after the proposals were made public and submitted to Parliament on 10 December, Prime Minister Binali Yıldırım reported that the CHP was in agreement with 5 of the proposed changes. However, reception by the CHP was negative, with the party's deputy leader Selin Sayek Böke claiming that the proposals essentially created a "sultanate".


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Reception
Parliamentary group leader Levent Gök, one of the first to comment on the released proposals, claimed that the changes would revert 140 years of Turkish parliamentary democracy, calling on all parties to reject the proposals. Another of the CHP's parliamentary group leaders,  Özgür Özel, called the proposals a "regime change", with the parliament being left essentially powerless in scrutinising ministers and holding them to account.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Reception
Özel claimed that the AKP were unlikely to obtain the 330 votes necessary to put the changes to a referendum, stating that he would be surprised if the number of MPs voting in favour reached 275. CHP MP Selina Doğan claimed that the authoritarian nature of the proposals would effectively end Turkey's EU accession negotiations, citing the lack of any relevance to European values. CHP MP Cemal Oktan Yüksel claimed that the proposals resembled the constitution of Assad's Syria, stating that it wouldn't be a national constitution but "Syria's constitution translated".


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Reception
Despite having the nationalist MHP's official support, it was reported that Turkish nationalists were also overwhelmingly critical of both the proposals and their party's involvement in their drafting. Bahçeli, who has historically lent support to the AKP in controversial situations, was subject to criticism from all major parties for his decision to support the constitutional amendments, being described as the AKP's "back garden", "life-line" or "spare tyre" by critics. On 24 October 2016, 5 of the 40 MHP Members of Parliament declared that they would reject the constitutional proposals, against their party line.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Reception
Ümit Özdağ, who was a leadership candidate against Bahçeli and one of the 5 MPs critical of the changes, had his party membership revoked in November. A poll released by Gezici in December showed that almost two-thirds of MHP supporters were against the proposed changes, though MHP supporters were also the most undecided amongst the other parties. On 27 December, MHP MP Kadir Koçdemir became the fifth MP from his party to publicly state his opposition to the proposals.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Reception
Speaking shortly after the proposals were released, the HDP's spokesperson Ayhan Bilgen criticized the proposed changes for being anti-democratic and against the principle of judicial independence. Citing the proposed creation of "executive orders" that can be decreed by the President at will without parliamentary scrutiny, Bilgen criticized the nature of the changes, calling them poorly written and an attempt to cover up constitutional violations that had taken place under the current constitution.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Reception
However, on 18 December, HDP MP Kadri Yıldırım claimed that there would be no reason to reject the proposals if the changes included a separate "status" for Turkish Kurds and a constitutional entitlement to education for Kurdish citizens in their native Kurdish language. This led to speculation that the HDP could be convinced to support the changes by the AKP government, though the MHP would be unlikely to jointly support any changes that are also endorsed by the HDP. On 21 December, the CHP and HDP issued a parliamentary motion that would declare the proposals "unconstitutional", but the motion was rejected by MPs.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Reception
The changes have also received severe criticism from outside Turkey. One commentator went as far as to declare that "if a majority votes yes, this will be the end of parliamentary democracy in Turkey." The NGO Human Rights Watch stated that the changes were a "huge threat to human rights, the rule of law, and the country’s democratic future." The Economist concluded that "a vote for Yes would saddle the country with an elected dictator."


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Reception
The Venice Commission of the Council of Europe, in its March 2017 Opinion on the Constitutional amendments, defined them as "a threat to democracy" and stressed the "dangers of degeneration of the proposed system towards and authoritarian and personal regime". Also, before the vote took place, the openDemocracy website reported that some European news outlets published concerns that the 2017 referendum amounted to something like an "enabling act" for Erdoğan.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Campaign positions
Ruling party AKP and opposition MHP are the signatories of the amendments. MHP has provided their conditional support until their conditions are met. Main opposition CHP's initial position was to wait until the amendments were finalized. CHP leader Kılıçdaroğlu once mentioned of bringing the changes into Grand Assembly. Later, CHP decided to favor No vote and started "Türkiye'yi Böldürmeyeceğiz" (Turkish: We'll not partition Turkey) rallies. Parliament's fourth party HDP is against the changes.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Campaigns, 'Yes' campaign
The 'Yes' campaign has been predominantly led by Justice and Development Party (AKP) politicians, as well as Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) politicians loyal to leader Devlet Bahçeli. Initially expecting a 7 February start to the campaign, the AKP eventually kicked off their official campaign on 25 February with a presentation by Prime Minister Binali Yıldırım at the Ankara sports stadium. Amid poor showings in opinion polls in February, Erdoğan reportedly asked pro-government pollsters to suspend their opinion polling until the end of March, while proposals for a joint electoral rally by both leading AKP and MHP politicians has also been proposed.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Campaigns, 'Yes' campaign
The 'Yes' campaign has been criticized for its smear campaign against individuals voting 'No', associating them with numerous terrorist organisations. Prime Minister Binali Yıldırım claimed that they would vote 'Yes' because the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) and the so-called Fethullah Gülen Terrorist Organisation (FETÖ) were voting 'No', though both organisations have historically been in favour of an executive presidency. President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan also caused controversy when he claimed that those voting 'No' were siding with the coup plotters behind the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Campaigns, 'Yes' campaign
At present, the 'Yes' campaign has been conducted through electoral rallies held by Prime Minister Yıldırım, leading AKP politicians and also President Erdoğan, who has held 'public opening' rallies similar to his tactics in the June 2015 general election. MHP leader Devlet Bahçeli has conducted conferences in favour of a 'Yes' vote, with the first occurring in Konya on 12 February 2017.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Campaigns, 'Yes' campaign
On 10 March, the Great Union Party (BBP) led by Mustafa Destici announced that they would support a 'Yes' vote, bringing the total number of parties supporting 'Yes' to six. Both the BBP and MHP have suffered serious opposition to their support for a 'Yes' vote, with BBP members calling for Destici's resignation following his announcement. The MHP suffered a wave of resignations, inner-party suspensions and a rival 'No' campaign run by high-profile nationalist politicians, with opinion polls indicating that a significant majority of MHP voters intend to vote against the proposals.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Campaigns, 'Yes' campaign
Most polls put the percentage of 'No' voters in the MHP at between 50% to 80%, with definite 'Yes' voters remaining at 20-25%. Politicians supporting 'No' from both the MHP and BBP have claimed that over 95% of their party supporters are favouring a 'No' vote, breaking with their party's executive decision.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Campaigns, 'No' campaign
The CHP unveiled their campaign logo and slogan on 28 February, using the slogan 'Geleceğim için Hayır' (translating to For my future, no). The party planned their first electoral rally in Amasya, though preliminary rallies were held by party leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu on 21 December 2016 in Adana and by dissident MP Muharrem İnce on 8 March 2017 at Zonguldak. CHP MPs also made a series of overseas visits to rally support from overseas voters, with former leader Deniz Baykal holding an event in France.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Campaigns, 'No' campaign
High-profile dissident MHP politicians, such as Meral Akşener, Sinan Oğan, Ümit Özdağ, and Yusuf Halaçoğlu all began a 'No' campaign based on Turkish nationalism, rivalling the MHP's official 'Yes' campaign. The dissident 'No' campaign attracted significantly higher popularity than the MHP's official 'Yes' events, with opinion polls indicating that an overwhelming majority of MHP voters intend to break the party line and vote 'No'. In addition to the MHP dissidents, the Turkish Bars Association and its President Metin Feyzioğlu and Leader of "No" Party Leader Tuna Bekleviç embarked on a nationwide tour, intending to meet with locals in numerous towns and villages to rally support for a 'No' vote.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Campaigns, 'No' campaign
'No' campaigners have faced alleged government-backed coercion and suppression. On 1 March, the main opposition Republican People's Party (CHP) unveiled a 78-point report regarding irregularities and suppression of 'No' campaigners, with Deputy Leader Öztürk Yılmaz claiming that those who were campaigning for a 'No' vote faced fear and state coercion. CHP parliamentary group leader Engin Altay also criticized the government for using state funds to fund the 'Yes' campaign while repressing 'No' voters, claiming that their conduct did not allow them to talk of 'democracy'.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Controversies and electoral misconduct
Allegations of electoral misconduct, irregularities throughout the campaign and state coercion of 'No' supporters were widespread prior to, during and after the referendum. European election monitors said the referendum did not meet international standards.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Controversies and electoral misconduct, State suppression of 'No' voters
The AKP government and the General Directorate of Security (police) have both been criticized for employing tactics designed to limit the campaigning abilities of 'No' supporters, through arrests, control of the media and political suppression. On 23 January 2017, university students campaigning for a 'No' vote on a commuter ferry in İstanbul were implicated by security officers for 'insulting the president', with their arrests being stopped by onboard passengers.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Controversies and electoral misconduct, State suppression of 'No' voters
On 31 January, Republican People's Party council member Sera Kadıgil was arrested and later freed on charges of 'insulting religious values and inciting hatred' for campaigning for a 'No' vote on social media. In Bursa, a voter who revealed that he was voting 'No' was reported to the police and later arrested. National television channels have been vastly in favour of the 'Yes' campaign. One study found that 'Yes' supporters received 90% of airtime. A Turkish court banned a pro-Kurdish Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) song Bejin Na (Say No)  which supported the "No" on the grounds that it contravened the constitution and fomented hatred.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Controversies and electoral misconduct, State suppression of 'No' voters
Municipalities held by pro-'Yes' parties have also sought to limit the campaign events of 'No' voters by denying them rights to hold rallies in public spaces of community halls. Meral Akşener, a leading nationalist politician and one of the most prominent campaigners for a 'No' vote, was stopped from holding speeches when her campaign venues in Yalova and Edirne were abruptly shut down shortly before her events, with posters advertising her events in Eskişehir being ripped down.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Controversies and electoral misconduct, State suppression of 'No' voters
On 11 February while she was making a speech at a hotel hall in Çanakkale, the venue suffered a power cut and was perceived by the pro-opposition media to be a symbol of the oppressive tactics against the 'No' campaign. After initially being obstructed by riot police, attendees at the conference used their phone lights to allow the event to continue.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Controversies and electoral misconduct, Overseas 'Yes' campaign bans
Overseas election campaigning, even in diplomatic missions, is illegal under Turkish law. Yet, most political parties in Turkey, including CHP and the ruling AKP, have broken the law.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Controversies and electoral misconduct, Overseas 'Yes' campaign bans
In early March, pro-'YES' campaigners, including high-profile AKP government ministers were barred from holding campaign events in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Denmark, and the Netherlands.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Controversies and electoral misconduct, Overseas 'Yes' campaign bans, Germany
In Germany, local municipalities withdrew permits for Justice Minister Bekir Bozdağ's campaign event in Gaggenau and Economy Minister Nihat Zeybekçi's event in Cologne. While authorities cited security concerns, the insufficient capacities of the rented venues and irregularities in the organisational process, the Turkish government strongly condemned the cancellations and claimed that they were directly linked to an anti-Turkish agenda of the German federal government. Turkish foreign minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu claimed that Germany had showed 'double standards' and a disregard for 'human rights and freedom of speech' by cancelling the events.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Controversies and electoral misconduct, Overseas 'Yes' campaign bans, Germany
Following a negative reaction by the German federal government to a proposed rally by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Erdoğan accused Germany of 'Nazi-style tactics', causing strong condemnation by German officials and a souring of diplomatic relations. The Turkish government also accused Germany of funding and supporting the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), which is designated as a terrorist organisation in both countries. Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu was due to meet his German counterpart on 8 March, with scheduled campaign speeches in Hamburg also being cancelled due to irregularities with the venues. Çavuşoğlu therefore made his speech in the Hamburg consulate, despite Turkish law forbidding election campaigns in diplomatic missions. The cancellations in Germany were met by condemnation from the main opposition and pro-'No' Republican People's Party, with former leader Deniz Baykal cancelling a planned visit to Germany as a result.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Controversies and electoral misconduct, Overseas 'Yes' campaign bans, Diplomatic crisis with the Netherlands
A diplomatic crisis occurred between Turkey and the Netherlands on 11 March, after Çavuşoğlu's official plane had its permission to land revoked mid-air ahead of a scheduled campaign speech. Later that day, Families and Social Policy Minister Fatma Betül Sayan Kaya's convoy was stopped by Dutch police, which blocked her access to the Turkish consulate in Rotterdam. Kaya was later declared persona non grata, with a regional state of emergency being declared and her convoy being asked to leave the country. Kaya was therefore forced to return to Germany, while Çavuşoğlu left for France to attend another campaign event. Violent protests by Turkish expats broke out in Rotterdam following the expulsion of both ministers, with the police making 12 arrests.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Controversies and electoral misconduct, Overseas 'Yes' campaign bans, Diplomatic crisis with the Netherlands
The Dutch government had previously asked Turkish ministers to refrain from campaigning in the country, fearing that divisive campaign rhetoric would sow divisions within the Turkish community. Prime Minister Mark Rutte claimed that negotiations with the Turkish government to allow a small scale speech by the minister were still ongoing, when Çavuşoğlu publicly threatened with sanctions should ministers be prevented from campaigning. It was these threats that made the situation unsolvable to the Dutch government.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Controversies and electoral misconduct, Overseas 'Yes' campaign bans, Diplomatic crisis with the Netherlands
Many people in Turkey took the side of the Turkish government in the matter, with the pro-'No' main opposition announcing their support for the government and calling on the AKP to freeze diplomatic relations with the Netherlands. All CHP overseas campaign events were later suspended in solidarity, while the pro-'No' MHP dissident camp also expressed their condemnation against the Dutch government for their actions. In the Dutch parliament all parties, except for the two-seat Denk party, supported the decisions of the Dutch Government. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan reiterated his claim that European governments that suspended campaigning were 'Nazi remnants', which the Dutch government denounced as "unacceptable".


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Controversies and electoral misconduct, Unstamped ballots
On the referendum day, while the voting was underway, the Supreme Electoral Council of Turkey lifted a rule that required each ballot to have an official stamp. Instead, it ruled that ballots with no stamp would be considered valid, unless there was proof that they were fraudulent. Because ballots have not only stamps but other security measures in place, it doesn't make them illegitimate. The Supreme Electoral Council filed a criminal complaint for the officials that caused the problem by not stamping the ballots. The opposition parties claim that as many as 1.5 million ballots without a stamp were accepted.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, Controversies and electoral misconduct, Unstamped ballots
Opposition parties CHP and HDP have said they will contest the results. CHP leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu said that lifting the rule violated Turkish law. According to Meral Akşener, "No" won by 52 percent. The Peoples' Democratic Party contested the election results announced by pro-government Anadolu Agency and insisted that 1.5 million votes without valid stamps should be cancelled.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'No' campaign
The 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'No' campaign (Turkish: Hayır) refers to a collection of unsuccessful political campaigns led by political parties, organizations and media outlets in favour of a 'No' vote in the 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum. Were the campaign to have been successful, it would have resulted in Turkey remaining a parliamentary republic as opposed to an executive presidency, which it became as a result of the referendum, and would have constituted the first direct upset against the governing Justice and Development Party (AKP) since they took office in 2002.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'No' campaign
'No' campaigners faced alleged government-backed coercion and suppression. On 1 March, the main opposition Republican People's Party (CHP) unveiled a 78-point report regarding irregularities and suppression of 'No' campaigners, with Deputy Leader Öztürk Yılmaz claiming that those who were campaigning for a 'No' vote faced fear and state coercion. CHP parliamentary group leader Engin Altay also criticized the government for using state funds to fund the 'Yes' campaign while repressing 'No' voters, claiming that their conduct did not allow them to talk of 'democracy'.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'No' campaign
A 'No' vote was supported by the main opposition party, CHP, and the smaller opposition Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP). Over 40 smaller political parties were also in favour of a 'No' vote, as well as a significant number of Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) politicians and voters who opposed their leader President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's call for a 'Yes' vote. The main rival to the 'No' campaign, which did not have a centralized or united structure, was the 'Yes' campaign.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'No' campaign
The 'No' option on the ballot paper used for the referendum was coloured in a light brown.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'No' campaign, Supporters, Political parties
The following political parties supported a 'No' vote in 2017:


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'No' campaign, Republican People's Party (CHP) campaign
The Republican People's Party (CHP) held a pre-campaign rally in Adana on 3 December 2016, titled 'We will not partition Turkey'. The rally was also supported by Idealists, who traditionally support the MHP. The CHP parliamentary group voted against the proposals in Parliament but was unable to block their approval. On 15 February 2017, it was announced that the CHP wouldn't refer the voting process, which had been marred by unconstitutional open voting by AKP MPs, to the Constitutional Court, claiming that they believed that voters would reject the proposals at the ballot box.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'No' campaign, Republican People's Party (CHP) campaign
On 6 February, the CHP unveiled a 10-article booklet detailing the reasons why they supported a 'No' vote, with the 10 key points being opposition to a 'one-man regime', a party state, the end of powers of Parliament, a government without scrutiny, a biased judiciary, en economic crisis, terrorism, the erosion of fundamental and universal values, to partitioning Turkey and an 'elected monarchy'. This followed on from a 21 December 2016 publication released by CHP Deputy Leader Bülent Tezcan, containing 35 questions and answers about the proposed presidential system.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'No' campaign, Republican People's Party (CHP) campaign
On 28 February, the CHP unveiled their campaign, under the slogan ‘Geleceğim İçin Hayır’ ('No' for my future). It was stated that party logos would not be used during the campaign. The party also unveiled its first official campaign rally to be at Amasya, though one of the party's dissident MPs Muharrem İnce held a rally at Alaplı, Zonguldak Province on 8 March. Also on 8 March International Women's Day, the CHP Women's Wing in İzmir held an event where participants spelled out the word 'No' with their bodies, with the scene captured by helicopter. The event was also attended by party leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu's wife Selvi and Deputy Leader Selin Sayek Böke.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'No' campaign, Republican People's Party (CHP) campaign
Many CHP MPs began visiting different areas of Turkey and Turkish expats abroad in order to gather support for a 'No' vote soon after the referendum date was announced. The party's former leader Deniz Baykal attended an event in France while İstanbul Member of Parliament Sezgin Tanrıkulu and parliamentary group leader Özgür Özel led a group of MPs to Diyarbakır where the party has no representation.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'No' campaign, Republican People's Party (CHP) campaign
At the start of the campaign, party leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu reportedly asked the party's officials to conduct the 'No' campaign on a purely positive basis, refraining from using a negative or alienating discourse. It was also reported that the CHP were getting ready to make a campaign film similar to the 'No' campaign for the Chilean national plebiscite of 1988, which resulted in a victory for the 'No' side and an eventual end to the regime of Augusto Pinochet.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'Yes' campaign
The 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'Yes' campaign refers to a campaign headed by numerous political parties, non-governmental organisations, individuals and media outlets in favour of a 'Yes' vote in the 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum. If successful, the 'Yes' campaign will transform Turkey from a parliamentary republic into an executive presidency. The 'Yes' campaign is rivalled primarily by parties and organisations that lead a 'No' campaign'. Neither campaign has a united or centralised campaign structure, with rallies and campaign events being largely organised by political parties independently of each other.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'Yes' campaign
The 'Yes' campaign has been predominantly led by Justice and Development Party (AKP) politicians, as well as Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) politicians loyal to leader Devlet Bahçeli. Initially expecting a 7 February start to the campaign, the AKP eventually kicked off their official campaign on 25 February with a presentation by Prime Minister Binali Yıldırım at the Ankara sports stadium. Amid poor showings in opinion polls in February, Erdoğan reportedly asked pro-government pollsters to suspend their opinion polling until the end of March, while proposals for a joint electoral rally by both leading AKP and MHP politicians has also been proposed.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'Yes' campaign
When Turkish ministers, in an illegal move under Turkish law, tried to travel to the Netherlands to promote the 'Yes' campaign to Turkish citizens living there, they were barred from doing so by the Dutch, causing the 2017 Dutch–Turkish diplomatic incident.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'Yes' campaign, Supporters, Political parties
The following political parties have announced their support for a 'Yes' vote.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'Yes' campaign, Justice and Development Party (AKP) campaign, Domestic campaign
The AKP campaign has primarily focused around the concept of a 'great and strong Turkey' (Büyük ve Güçlü Türkiye) during its campaign, while senior politicians have also emphasised the need to establish an executive presidency in order to stop terrorism and grow the economy. Opposition politicians have claimed that the AKP has been unable to justify the proposed constitutional changes, resorting to a populist campaign as a result.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'Yes' campaign, Justice and Development Party (AKP) campaign, Domestic campaign
The AKP began its campaign on 25 February with a presentation by Prime Minister Binali Yıldırım, with the reserved seats being notably empty during the event. President Erdoğan began his campaigns under the guise of 'public opening' rallies, a campaign method similar to the one used by the Presidency in the June 2015 general election. Following the first public opening rally on 17 February in Kahramanmaraş, Erdoğan was criticised for making a perceived u-turn in his speech, first claiming that he would not desire an executive presidency for his personal gain but then claiming that the project was 'his own' just five minutes later.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'Yes' campaign, Justice and Development Party (AKP) campaign, Domestic campaign
Erdoğan and Yıldırım have both been heavily criticised for associating 'No' voters with terrorist organisations, both implicitly and directly on numerous occasions. During a speech to AKP Members of Parliament, Yıldırım claimed that they would vote 'Yes' because the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and the Fethullah Gülen Terrorist Organisation (FETÖ) were supporting 'No'. At the same time, Erdoğan claimed that those who were opposing the changes were siding with the coup plotters behind the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'Yes' campaign, Justice and Development Party (AKP) campaign, Domestic campaign
Their claims fell into disrepute when it emerged that FETÖ was one of the first proponents of an executive presidency in 1997, having supported the AKP government when they came to power in 2002 until 2013. The PKK have also long favoured an executive presidency in return for greater independence in Kurdish populated regions, with members of the pro-Kurdish Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) implicitly speaking out in favour of a 'Yes' vote.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'Yes' campaign, Justice and Development Party (AKP) campaign, Overseas campaign
Overseas election campaigning, even in diplomatic missions, is illegal under Turkish law; yet most political parties in Turkey, including the ruling AKP, have flouted the law.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'Yes' campaign, Justice and Development Party (AKP) campaign, Overseas campaign
Although Yıldırım managed to hold a rally in Oberhausen, Germany on 18 February, foreign governments have reacted negatively to attempts by Turkish politicians to hold overseas campaign events targeting voters abroad. The Foreign Minister of Austria, Sebastian Kurz, stated that he did not want Erdoğan to visit the country to hold a campaign event because it would create division amongst Turkish citizens living in Austria. The intervention resulted in an angry reaction from Deputy Prime Minister Numan Kurtulmuş, who claimed that Turkey's referandum was not the concern of the Austrian government. In Germany, events due to be held by Economy Minister Nihat Zeybekçi and Justice Minister Bekir Bozdağ were cancelled by local municipalities, who stated that the venues for the events had insufficient capacity. The developments were harshly criticised by the Turkish government as well as the main opposition.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'Yes' campaign, Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) campaign
The official party executive of the far-right Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), lead by Devlet Bahçeli, announced in late 2016 that they would co-operate with the AKP as they sought to draft a new constitution. This was met by opposition due to the MHP's long-standing staunch opposition to the presidential system, a policy also present in their November 2015 general election manifesto. Bahçeli himself was heavily criticised for the sudden u-turn, with videos comparing his sudden change of course to his past speeches where he strongly opposed the presidential system receiving record views on social media.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'Yes' campaign, Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) campaign
The MHP official executive claimed that Bahçeli was trying to avoid an early election, which would have been a possibility if the AKP failed to put their proposals forward to a referendum. An early general election would have likely meant the MHP falling below the 10% election threshold and losing all their parliamentary seats. In January 2017, Bahçeli announced that they would also support a 'Yes' vote in the referendum, in addition to providing parliamentary support during the voting process.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'Yes' campaign, Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) campaign
The MHP executive's decision to support a 'Yes' vote was met by strong opposition from the party's voter base, leading Bahçeli to claim that the party 'didn't have' a voter base. 7 MPs amongst the 40-strong MHP parliamentary group rebelled, leading to the eventual expulsion of four of them from the party. A wave of resignations from the party's local and district associations followed. In response to the start of an alternate 'No' campaign by high-profile MHP politicians, Bahçeli claimed that those who were disobeying the party line were attempting to 'defame' the MHP and did not represent Turkish nationalism.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'Yes' campaign, Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) campaign
In a further speech during a regular parliamentary party briefing, Bahçeli stated that he would support Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in an election if he was faced with the choice of choosing between Erdoğan and 'No' supporters such as Doğu Perinçek. He further went on to claim that those asking him why he was supporting a 'Yes' vote should 'mind their own business.'


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'Yes' campaign, Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) campaign
Bahçeli began his campaigning in Konya on 12 February 2017, speaking to a hall which was lambasted by the pro-'No' media for being significantly emptier than expected. Many polls suggest that a significant majority of MHP voters are 'No' supporters, with this figure rising to 90% in some estimates. Most polls put the percentage of 'No' voters in the MHP at between 50% to 80%, with definite 'Yes' voters remaining at 20–25%.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'Yes' campaign, Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) campaign
Many theories have been put forward by politicians and journalists to explain Bahçeli's sudden change of policy, with some claiming that Erdoğan agreed to make him his Vice President under the new presidential regime. It was also reported in the Aydınlık newspaper that three forms of blackmail had been made to the MHP by the AKP. The first concerned the threat of a snap election, in which the MHP would likely fail to secure 10% of the vote and win seats in Parliament.


2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'Yes' campaign, Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) campaign
The second concerned Bahçeli's own seat as leader of the MHP, a position from which he was almost defeated during the 2016 Nationalist Movement Party Extraordinary Congress. Bahçeli was able to hang on to his leadership by avoiding a party congress with the help of the pro-government Supreme Electoral Council and the government-backed judiciary, but it was claimed that the government would cease to assist Bahçeli in maintaining his position should he not agree to campaign for a 'Yes' vote. A final threat was perceived to be a personal revelation regarding Bahçeli, in the form of an embarrassing video tape or a recording that would disgrace him and the MHP, which the government would release if Bahçeli refused to comply.


2017 Turkmen by-elections
Two parliamentary by-elections were held in Turkmenistan on 21 May 2017. In the Gunesh constituency G.Mammedova was elected, whilst G.Ataeva was elected in Vekil constituency.


2017 Turkmen by-elections
Members of the Assembly of Turkmenistan are elected in single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting. Voter turnout was 91.02%.


2017 Turkmenistan Cup
The 2017 Turkmenistan Cup (Turkmen: Türkmenistanyň Kubogy 2017) is the 24th season of the Turkmenistan Cup knockout tournament. The cup winner qualifies for the 2018 AFC Cup.


2017 Turkmenistan Cup
The draw of the tournament was held on 10 July 2017.


2017 Turkmenistan presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Turkmenistan on 12 February 2017. This was Turkmenistan's fifth presidential election and decided who would be the country's president for the next seven years. Incumbent President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow won with more than 97% of the vote, similar to the results of the 2012 elections.


2017 Turkmenistan presidential election
The result was widely expected; although the election was nominally contested by nine candidates, all opposition candidates were appointed by the government and the elections were regarded by foreign organisations as not being a free and fair contest.


2017 Turkmenistan presidential election, Background
In September 2012, the constitution was changed to remove term limits and the 70 year-old age limit for presidential candidates, as well as extending the presidential term from five to seven years.


2017 Turkmenistan presidential election, Electoral system
The President of Turkmenistan is elected using the two-round system.


2017 Turkmenistan presidential election, Candidates
The Democratic Party nominated the incumbent President, Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, who won 97.14% of the vote in the previous elections. A total of 9 candidates were approved by the Central Election Committee. The opposition candidates' manifestos were published in the state-controlled mass media.


2017 Turku attack
The 2017 Turku attack took place on 18 August 2017 at around 16:02–16:05 (UTC+3) when 10 people were stabbed in central Turku, Southwest Finland. Two women were killed in the attack and eight people sustained injuries.


2017 Turku attack
Police were informed at 16:02. Three minutes later the attacker, Abderrahman Bouanane, a Moroccan rejected asylum seeker, had been detained. At the time of his arrest, Bouanane was using the name Abderrahman Mechkah, which was later discovered to be a false identity. In June 2018, Bouanane was found guilty of two counts of murder with terrorist intent and eight counts of attempted murder with terrorist intent. It was the first time anybody had been sentenced for a terrorist crime in Finland.


2017 Turku attack
Bouanane reportedly identified as a soldier of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). He had been radicalised three months before the stabbing took place. During the investigation, he was discovered possessing ISIS propaganda material and a video of him reciting a manifesto.


2017 Turku attack, Background
Finland had not experienced terrorist attacks and had faced very little political violence since the end of World War II.


2017 Turku attack, Background
In June 2017, the Finnish Security Intelligence Service assessed the overall terrorist threat as level two ("elevated") on its four-tier scale. According to the Service, the most significant terrorist threat in Finland was at the time "posed by individual actors or small groups motivated by radical Islamist propaganda or terrorist organisations encouraging them." Europol's assessment of terrorism threats in the European Union (EU) in 2016 was similar to that of the Service:


2017 Turku attack, Background
The terrorist threat in the EU in 2016 emanated from remotely directed individuals operating alone or in small groups, and those that may have been inspired by terrorist propaganda, but not directed. The former are receiving direction and personal instruction from, and are possibly being facilitated by, a terrorist organisation. The latter are individual attackers, possibly but not necessarily being helped by family and/or friends as accomplices. They are inspired by jihadist propaganda and messaging, but not necessarily receiving personal direction or instruction from any group.


2017 Turku attack, Background
Between 1 January 2015 and 31 March 2017, Finland received 39 thousand asylum applications.


2017 Turku attack, Background
Bouanane arrived in Finland at the beginning of 2016 and was a "rejected asylum seeker." He had previously lived as an illegal alien in Germany and had committed crimes there under several different identities from the end of 2015 until early 2016 without seeking asylum. He had no prior convictions in Finland according to the Finnish Legal Register Centre, but the Finnish Security Intelligence Service confirmed receiving, in early 2017, a non-specific tip-off that Bouanane appeared to be becoming radicalised and was interested in extremist ideology. The tip-off did not contain information suggesting an actual attack.


2017 Turku attack, Background
According to persons interviewed at the Pansio asylum-seeker reception centre by national broadcaster Yle, Abderrahman Bouanane arrived at the centre in December 2016 and displayed radicalist behaviour during his stay, such as asking how he could join the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), listening to radicalist sermons on his phone and considering Finns to be infidels (kuffār). The interviewees warned the reception centre management of the behaviour in January 2017. Helsingin Sanomat published similar interviews afterward.


2017 Turku attack, Background
Yle also reported that the police were at the time monitoring approximately 100 young asylum seeker men in the Southwest Finland area and that police believed Bouanane had radicalized fairly quickly during August; for example, his behaviour and clothing style had changed. Bouanane was not one of the 350 individuals monitored by the Finnish Security Intelligence Service for terrorism-prevention purposes.


2017 Turku attack, Background
According to concluding remarks by the Finnish National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) after the case was closed, Bouanane told during his interrogations that he started having an interest in ISIS propaganda three months prior to the attack. Police believed he was a lone wolf and there was no evidence of direct contact between any terrorist organization and him. Bouanane possessed ISIS material, such as photos and videos, on his mobile phone and his computer; his close friends believed he displayed signs of radicalization.


2017 Turku attack, Background
Bouanane saw himself as a soldier of ISIS and said one motive for his attack were airstrikes by the Western Coalition during the 2017 Battle of Raqqa in Syria. According to NBI, his vision was to die in the attack as a martyr similarly to previous attacks in Europe that he admired. He hoped that ISIS would claim his attack—although this did not happen.


2017 Turku attack, Attack
Around noon of 18 August 2017, Abderrahman Bouanane took two kitchen knives with him and cycled from a friend's place in Kaarina to downtown Turku, where he attended a Muslim prayer at a mosque next to the river Aura. From there, he proceeded to a park outside Turku Cathedral and read a manifesto he had drafted on video. The manifesto was religiously inspired and contained, among others, discussion on the infidelity of Western nations as well as how oppressed Muslims should act. Bouanane disseminated the video to a group chat on an instant messaging service. Next, he moved to the local bus station where he intended to attack a military conscript, believing a soldier to be a valid target. Bouanane cancelled after other people arrived at the scene and he moved to Turku Market Square.


2017 Turku attack, Attack
At around 16:02, Bouanane, armed with the two knives, stabbed four people at the west corner of Market Square. The Emergency Response Centre alerted all nearby police patrols to the incident. Bouanane stabbed six more people while yelling "Allahu akbar" and running towards Puutori, approximately 465 metres (1,526 ft) away. Bystanders intervened in the attacks and chased the attacker while simultaneously warning other people. When police confronted Bouanane stabbing a victim at street address Brahenkatu 14 near Puutori, he ignored verbal orders and was immobilised with a single shot to the thigh and a taser at 16:05. He was given first aid and taken into custody.