2016 Indian Line of Control strike, Media reports
The report also took statements from villagers at Madarpur (Poonch District) and Leepa Valley (Bagh District) and Dudhnial (Neelam District) who confided that Indian troops directed heavy fire at several Pakistani border posts. The BBC News could not verify if any militants were hit. Villagers in Dudhnial said that they saw one or two damaged structures close to a Pakistani border post. The villagers in Leepa Valley said that, following the attack, there was an increased influx of militants to the valley.


2016 Indian Line of Control strike, Media reports
The Economist wrote that by interviewing eyewitnesses and anonymous officials, journalists in both Pakistan and India have pieced together an account of what happened:


2016 Indian Line of Control strike, Media reports
it appears that small teams of Indian commandos had slipped across the line to strike at safe houses believed to be used by Islamist guerrillas. The number killed was estimated at a dozen or fewer, rather than the 38–50 initially claimed by India. None of those killed were Pakistani army personnel. And since the Pakistani government has no wish to inflame domestic opinion and so be forced to escalate matters, it preferred to pretend that nothing had happened.


2016 Indian Line of Control strike, Aftermath
Indian intelligence sources claimed that, immediately after the raid, the Pakistan military had buried the corpses of the slain terrorists to erase any evidence and to maintain Pakistan's version of a "skirmish" along the Line of Control. However, Pakistan rejected that any such casualties occurred, questioning: "Where did all the dead bodies go?" Pakistan's military also pointed to the lack of damage or losses in the site, and welcomed UN observers and journalists to conduct an independent inquiry. Increased firing along the Line of Control was reported the following day.


2016 Indian Line of Control strike, Aftermath
A senior Indian Home Ministry official subsequently claimed that in the wake of the raid, at least 12 training camps belonging to Lashkar-e-Taiba, Hizbul Mujahideen and Jaish-e-Mohammad had been swiftly moved from their locations at Pir Chanasi, Aksha Maskar and Tabuk near Muzaffarabad in Pakistan-administered Kashmir. Based on satellite images, inputs from foreign intelligence agencies and unnamed "sources in Pakistan," according to the official, the training camps had been relocated "near crowded towns deep inside Pakistan," in the provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab, to "minimise casualties to their assets." According to the Indian official, the camps had housed around 500 militants, 300 of whom belonged to Lashkar-e-Taiba alone.


2016 Indian Line of Control strike, Aftermath
An Indian newspaper, Indian Express, alleged that they had covertly interviewed five people across the LoC. One of the five eyewitness reported that on 30 September, a day after the surgical strikes, several members of Lashkar-e-Taiba had met for Friday prayers at a Lashkar-affiliated mosque in Chalhana. "The Lashkar men gathered there were blaming the Pak Army for failing to defend the border", he said, "and [were] saying they would soon give India an answer it would never forget."


2016 Indian Line of Control strike, Aftermath
Several days after the raids, a leading Indian security official who had been closely involved in their planning said that Pakistan's continued denial that any surgical strikes took place was a "stance that suits us." He further stated – "The surprise element in such an operation is key to its success and there will be no predictable repetition. If provoked yet again, we will amend our operational tactics."


2016 Indian Line of Control strike, Aftermath
Both Indian Defence Minister Parrikar and National Security Advisor Doval were shown original, unedited footage from the military raids on 1 October. After viewing it, Parrikar informed Prime Minister Modi that he was satisfied with what he had seen, and that there was no need to publicly release any footage. In response to calls from members of opposition parties to release the footage, a senior government official stated, "The Opposition should understand the difference between a covert and overt strike. And it is not incumbent on the Indian Army to release video footage every time they do their duty." On 5 October, two senior ministers in the Indian government said the Indian Army had submitted the footage to the government, but that the government, with the concurrence of the army, felt there was no need to release it to the public.


2016 Indian Line of Control strike, Aftermath
After India's operation, India and Pakistan increased their exchanges of small arms and mortar fire across the Line of Control, resulting in frequent reports of Indian and Pakistani casualties.


2016 Indian Line of Control strike, Aftermath
In 2017 the Indian government conferred gallantry awards to nineteen soldiers who had participated in the strikes. Among those who received awards include Major Rohit Suri, the leader of the operation who was honored with the Kirti Chakra, the second highest peacetime gallantry award.


2016 Indian Line of Control strike, Aftermath
On 27 June 2018, an alleged footage of the strikes was released by the Indian government to the Indian media as proof to the strike. Pakistan's foreign office spokesman, however, rejected the alleged video and termed Indian claims as farcical. The Indian government released additional videos on 27 September 2018.


2016 Indian Line of Control strike, Reactions, India
Across India, the military raid was widely praised. The opposition initially raised doubts that the surgical strike actually took place, but later the opposition leader Rahul Gandhi lauded Prime Minister Modi commenting- "for the first time in his tenure, he has taken an action that is worthy of the status of a Prime Minister."


2016 Indian Line of Control strike, Reactions, India
Following the military raid, in anticipation of cross-border shelling from Pakistan, Indian authorities evacuated 10,000 residents of villages located within ten kilometres of the border, in the states of Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir. Military surveillance was also stepped up along the Line of Control.


2016 Indian Line of Control strike, Reactions, Pakistan
Pakistan rejected the claim of a surgical strike, stating that Indian troops had only engaged in firing upon Pakistani soldiers, killing two Pakistani soldiers and wounding nine. The spokesperson for the Pakistani Army asked: "Where is the damage?”, referring to the lack of any evidence of surgical strikes. ISPR spokesman Asim Bajwa termed the "surgical strike" claim an "illusion being deliberately generated by India to create false effects" and a "fabrication of the truth".


2016 Indian Line of Control strike, Reactions, Pakistan
Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif convened an all-parties conference and an emergency cabinet meeting. He stated Pakistan would take any steps necessary to safeguard its territorial integrity. "We will defend our homeland against any aggression. The entire nation is standing shoulder to shoulder with our armed forces."


2016 Indian Line of Control strike, Reactions, Pakistan
Pakistan's Chief of Army Staff Raheel Sharif termed the Indian claim a "drama", adding that "If Pakistan were to conduct a surgical strike, it would become a chapter in Indian textbooks."


2016 Indian Line of Control strike, De-escalation
Adviser to the Prime Minister on Foreign Affairs was confirmed to be attending the 7th Heart of Asia Conference, the first visit by a high-level Pakistani official since December 2015. This was seen as a move to help de-escalate tensions by the Indian media. The situation de-escalated after 23 November, with no incident being reported except the injury of a BSF personnel in Pakistani firing on 2 December. Pakistan's High Commissioner to India Abdul Basit also offered hosting bilateral dialogue at Heart of Asia Conference. But the conference ended without any peace talks and the delegates returned to their countries. Media said that there was a short conversation between Aziz and Indian leaders as soon as he landed. But it was denied this was not billed a de-escalation of border tensions.


2016 Indian Line of Control strike, Published accounts, Documentaries
Special Operations: India 'Surgical Strikes' (2018) is a TV documentary which premièred on 22 January 2018 on History TV18 Channel. It was directed and produced by Prabhu Asgaonkar and Manika Berry Asgaonkar.


2016 Indian Line of Control strike, Published accounts, Film
Uri: The Surgical Strike (2019) is an Indian Hindi-language film based on the attack and was released on 11 January 2019, starring Vicky Kaushal and Yami Gautam as lead roles.


2016 Indian Line of Control strike, Published accounts, Web series
Avrodh the Siege Within (2020) is an Indian web series, nine episodes long, based on the 2016 Uri attack and the following surgical strikes. It is based on a chapter of the book India's Most Fearless.


2016 Indian Open
The 2016 Indian Open was a professional ranking snooker tournament that  took place between 5–9 July 2016 at the HICC Novotel Hotel in Hyderabad, India. It was the second ranking event of the 2016/2017 season.


2016 Indian Open
Hyderabad hosted the event for the first time, the previous venue being Grand Hyatt in Mumbai.


2016 Indian Open
Michael White was the defending champion, but he lost 1–4 against Anthony Hamilton in the held over qualifying round.


2016 Indian Open
Anthony McGill won the first ranking title of his career, defeating Kyren Wilson 5–2 in the final.


2016 Indian Open, Prize fund
The breakdown of prize money for this year is shown below:


2016 Indian Open, Prize fund
The "rolling 147 prize" for a maximum break stood at £30,000.


2016 Indian Open, Wildcard round
These matches were played in Hyderabad on 5 July 2016.


2016 Indian Open, Qualifying
These matches were held between 28 and 30 May 2016 at the Preston Guild Hall in Preston, England. All matches were best of 7 frames.


2016 Indian Premier League
The 2016 season of the Indian Premier League, also known as IPL 9, and branded as Vivo IPL 2016 for sponsorship reasons, was the ninth season of the IPL, a professional Twenty20 cricket league established by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2007. The season began on 9 April 2016, and concluded on 29 May 2016 with the playing of the finals match between Royal Challengers Bangalore and Sunrisers Hyderabad at M. Chinnaswamy Stadium in Bangalore.


2016 Indian Premier League
The 2016 season was the first IPL season to use LED stumps. Following the suspension of Chennai Super Kings and Rajasthan Royals for two years over a spot-fixing and betting scandal, the IPL allocated spots for two new franchises to take their place. The process would result in the establishment of the Gujarat Lions and Rising Pune Supergiants in 2016.


2016 Indian Premier League
The championship was won by Sunrisers Hyderabad, marking the Hyderabad franchise's second IPL title, with Ben Cutting declared the man of the match in the final. Virat Kohli of Royal Challengers Bangalore was named the most valuable player of the tournament, and Mustafizur Rahman of Sunrisers Hyderabad was named the emerging player of the season. Virat Kohli of Royal Challengers Bangalore was the tournament's leading run-scorer with 973 runs and Bhuvneshwar Kumar of Sunrisers Hyderabad was the leading wicket-taker of the tournament with 23 wickets.


2016 Indian Premier League
Ever since the introduction of page playoff system,this is the only edition where a team ending outside of the top 2 at the end of league stage won a IPL title and only the second edition along with 2012 where one of the top 2 teams missed out on a spot in the final.


2016 Indian Premier League, Format
Eight teams contested the season. Two teams, Rising Pune Supergiants and Gujarat Lions, based in Pune and Rajkot were new to the tournament, replacing the Chennai Super Kings and Rajasthan Royals franchises which had been suspended until 2017.


2016 Indian Premier League, Format
The schedule for the tournament was published on 10 March 2016. The league stage, consisting of 56 matches, took place between 9 April and 22 May 2016. The top four teams qualified for the play-off stage, with the final being held in Bangalore on 29 May.


2016 Indian Premier League, Background
On 14 July 2015, the RM Lodha committee suspended the owners of the Chennai Super Kings and Rajasthan Royals franchises for a period of two years on charges of spot-fixing and betting during the 2013 IPL season. This meant that the two teams could not play in the 2016 and 2017 IPL seasons. The Board of Control of Cricket in India (BCCI) confirmed that two new teams will replace them for the next two seasons of the IPL.


2016 Indian Premier League, Background
In October 2015, PepsiCo withdrew as the title sponsor of the IPL, terminating a five-year deal which was to end in 2017. Chinese smartphone manufacturer Vivo was awarded the title sponsorship for the 2016 and 2017 seasons.


2016 Indian Premier League, Background
In November 2015, the BCCI shortlisted nine cities for the new franchises to be based in, leaving out Jaipur (home of Rajasthan Royals) and Kochi (home of the now defunct Kochi Tuskers Kerala) for unknown reasons. The nine cities shortlisted were: Chennai, Cuttack, Dharamshala, Indore, Nagpur, Pune, Rajkot, Ranchi and Visakhapatnam. The new franchises were allocated using a reverse auction process, with companies which bid the lowest share of the central revenue pool becoming the owners of the new teams. On 3 December, it was reported that twelve companies collected tender documents for the bidding process.


2016 Indian Premier League, Background
On 8 December 2015, it was announced that New Rising, a company led by Sanjiv Goenka, and Intex Technologies had won the bidding rights to the two new teams. New Rising decided to have their team based in Pune while Intex chose Rajkot as the home of its team. The two franchises picked five players each from the squads of Chennai Super Kings and Rajasthan Royals at a player draft on 15 December 2015. Each franchise was allocated a purse of ₹660 million to buy the players for their squad at the draft and players auction.


2016 Indian Premier League, Background, Maharashtra water crisis
On 6 April 2016, amid a severe drought situation in the state of Maharashtra, in which three venues (Mumbai, Pune and Nagpur) were supposed to host a total of 20 IPL matches in the 2016 season, the Bombay High Court questioned the "criminal wastage" of water being supplied to the three stadiums in a response to a petition from the Lok Satta Movement NGO. The drought was described as one of the "worst-ever droughts" to affect the state and was believed to be one of the worst droughts in 100 years.


2016 Indian Premier League, Background, Maharashtra water crisis
An estimated 6 million litres (6 million litres) of water were to be used at the three venues to maintain the pitches, with 4 million litres being used at the Wankhede Stadium, the site of eight matches. The High Court filed a public interest litigation and suggested shifting matches to "some other state where water is in abundance." The High Court questioned the BCCI about whether "people are more important or your IPL matches". The BCCI argued that the water being used at the venues was tanker water and not drinkable.


2016 Indian Premier League, Background, Maharashtra water crisis
On 8 April, the Chief Minister of Maharashtra Devendra Fadnavis declared that potable water will not be supplied to the venues and added "even if IPL matches are shifted, we have no problem." On 9 April, hours before the season's opening match, the Mumbai Cricket Association claimed that the water being used at the Wankhede Stadium was bought from private operators and not Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation.


2016 Indian Premier League, Background, Maharashtra water crisis
On 13 April, the Bombay High Court ruled that all the matches to be held in the state in May must be moved to venues outside of Maharashtra. A total of 13 matches were scheduled to be hosted by the three venues in Maharashtra in the month of May, including two playoff matches in Pune and the final in Mumbai. The court later allowed a match scheduled for 1 May to take place in Pune due to logistical difficulties with moving the fixture.


2016 Indian Premier League, Background, Maharashtra water crisis
The Mumbai Cricket Association and the Maharashtra Cricket Association petitioned the Supreme Court against the High Court's ruling, filing a plea which stated that treated sewage water will be used instead of potable water. After the Mumbai Indians selected Jaipur as their alternative venue, a petition was filed in the city which stated hosting IPL matches "will add unnecessary burden on the scarce natural resource." The Rajasthan High Court then questioned the state government and BCCI about shifting the matches to Rajasthan, a region also hit by drought, scheduling the hearing for 27 April. There were reports of protests being held in Jaipur against the shifting of matches to the city.


2016 Indian Premier League, Background, Maharashtra water crisis
On 26 April the Supreme Court dismissed the petition against the Bombay High Court's ruling and confirmed that matches should be moved out of Maharashtra. The court had initially suggested that a series of regulations could be used to allow matches to go ahead under the condition that no drinkable water was used on the grounds, but opted to instead move the matches on the grounds that the suggested regulations would be complex and difficult to enforce.


2016 Indian Premier League, Background, Maharashtra water crisis
On 29 April, it was announced that all league stage matches scheduled to be held after 1 May in Mumbai and Pune were shifted to the Dr. Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy ACA-VDCA Cricket Stadium in Visakhapatnam. Two playoff matches scheduled to be held in Pune were shifted to Delhi and three Kings XI Punjab home matches supposed to be held in Nagpur were shifted to their primary home venue, Mohali. The M. Chinnaswamy Stadium in Bangalore, which was scheduled to host the Qualifier 1, was also announced as the host of the Final.


2016 Indian Premier League, Opening ceremony
The opening ceremony was held on 8 April 2016 from 19:30 IST at the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Stadium in Mumbai. It featured performances from Major Lazer, Yo Yo Honey Singh, Ranveer Singh, Katrina Kaif, Jacqueline Fernandez among others. Dwayne Bravo, a member of the West Indies' 2016 World Twenty20 winning team, performed the "Champion Dance", which, according to the IPL chairman Rajeev Shukla, was supposed to be the "special attraction" of the ceremony.


2016 Indian Premier League, Venues
Ten venues were selected to host the league stage matches. Bangalore hosted Qualifier 1, Pune was scheduled to host the Eliminator match and Qualifier 2 and Mumbai was scheduled to host the final. The drought situation in Maharashtra led to a ruling in the Bombay High Court that games to be played in the state, including in Pune and Mumbai, in May would have to be moved to other regions to allow water supplies to be prioritised.


2016 Indian Premier League, Venues
On 29 April 2016, the IPL Governing Council announced that all homes games of the Mumbai Indians and Rising Pune Supergiants after 2 May 2016, would be held at Visakhapatnam. The Eliminator and Qualifier 2 would to be held at Delhi, and the final at Bangalore. On 2 May 2016, it was announced that Gujarat Lions would play two of their matches on 19 and 21 May at Kanpur.


2016 Indian Premier League, Personnel changes
Each franchise was able to retain players from the previous season of the tournament, with their salaries automatically deducted from the franchise's available salary purse. The new teams were able to draft five players each from the two suspended franchises. Players were able to be traded during the trading windows and new players could be added to the teams at the 2016 IPL players auction held on 6 February 2016.


2016 Indian Premier League, Statistics, Most runs
Virat Kohli scored the most runs in a single season over taking the record previously held by Chris Gayle and Michael Hussey who scored 733 runs in 2012 and 2013 respectively.


2016 Indian Premier League, Reception, Television viewing
The first six matches of the season recorded an average Television Viewership Rating (TVR) of 3.50, significantly less than the average TVR of 4.50 for the first week of the 2015 IPL season. It was the second lowest TVR recorded in the opening week of any IPL season, with only the 2014 season with a rating below this.


2016 Indian Premier League, Reception, Attendance
According to a report in the Economic Times, the season's opening matches at Delhi, Mohali and Kolkata had an average attendance of 60% each, while the first game at Hyderabad had a 50% crowd turnout. The low attendance figures were attributed to "an overdose of Twenty20 cricket and scorching heat". After Bangalore had low attendances in the first two matches at the venue, ticket prices were reduced.


2016 Indian Premier League Final
The 2016 Indian Premier League Final was a day/night Twenty20 cricket match on 29 May 2016 at the M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bangalore, which was played between Sunrisers Hyderabad and Royal Challengers Bangalore to determine the winner of the 2016 season of the Indian Premier League, an annual Twenty20 cricket tournament in India. In case play was not completed on 29 May, the Final would have resumed on 30 May, the allotted reserve day.


2016 Indian Premier League Final
Winning the toss, Sunrisers Hyderabad elected to bat first and set up a big total of 208/7 off 20 overs for their opposition. While chasing 209 to win, Royal Challengers Bangalore could only manage 200/7 off their 20 overs, thus falling short of their target. Sunrisers Hyderabad won the match by 8 runs and secured the 2016 Indian Premier League trophy, which happens to be their maiden title in the history of the tournament.


2016 Indian Premier League Final
Ben Cutting of Sunrisers Hyderabad was declared the man of the match in the Final, Virat Kohli of Royal Challengers Bangalore was declared the most valuable player of the tournament and Mustafizur Rahman of Sunrisers Hyderabad was declared as the emerging player of the season for the 2016 Indian Premier League.


2016 Indian Premier League Final, Final, Background
On 26 April, the Supreme Court dismissed the petition against the Bombay High Court's ruling and confirmed that matches should be moved out of Maharashtra including Final which was initially supposed to be held at Mumbai, home of previous season champions. On 29 April, it was announced that all league stage matches scheduled to be held after 1 May in Mumbai and Pune were shifted to the Dr. Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy ACA-VDCA Cricket Stadium in Visakhapatnam and M. Chinnaswamy Stadium in Bangalore, which was scheduled to host the Qualifier 1, was also announced as the host of the Final.


2016 Indian Premier League Final, Final, Background
The final was played at M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bangalore, the home of Royal Challengers Bangalore, one of the finalist in 2016 Indian Premier League. This was RCB's third appearance in an IPL final, having lost previous two times. Sunrisers Hyderabad were playing in their maiden final. Hyderabad and Bangalore share their head-to-head record 4-4 but Hyderabad won only once against Bangalore in Bangalore.


2016 Indian Premier League Final, Final, Background
Bangalore scored past 200 runs three times (four times after this match) this season including in a match against Hyderabad.


2016 Indian Premier League Final, Final, Summary
After winning the toss, Sunrisers Hyderabad captain  David Warner opted to bat first and were given a good start by skipper David Warner and Shikhar Dhawan by showing their intent early on scoring very big on a ground where tall scores have been chased down nonchalantly. The Australian opener was on fire and smashed 69 off 38 balls and set the platform for Hyderabad's win. Yuvraj Singh, who came in at 97/2 in 10th over, sustained Hyderabad's momentum with his free flowing bat-swing. He raced to 38 with four fours and two sixes before falling to Jordan's slower ball. Ben Cutting provided final push in Hyderabad's score clobbering low full-tosses and attempted yorkers of Shane Watson scoring 24 runs in final over which proved at the end to be a valuable match-turning point.


2016 Indian Premier League Final, Final, Summary
RCB skipper Virat Kohli and West Indian Chris Gayle gave their team the perfect start and in no time reached the 100-run mark without any loss scoring 114 in 10.3 overs with Gayle alone contributing 76. But Hyderabad were able to apply brakes with Gayle's wicket. Hyderabad were able to continue to put pressure on Bangalore taking Gayle, Kohli and de Villiers in the space of 20 balls.


2016 Indian Premier League Final, Final, Summary
Still needing 61 off 37 balls, Watson tried to make up for his lapses with the ball swatting Henriques for a six over long-on but was immediately dismissed along with KL Rahul leaving rest of the team with too much to do in too little time. Bhuvneshwar Kumar, Purple Cap holder in this season, held composure in last overs delivering successive yorkers and giving just 14 runs in 18th and 20th over combined and helped Hyderabad lift their maiden Indian Premier League trophy.


2016 Indian Rajya Sabha elections
The 2016 Rajya Sabha elections were held as part of a routine six-year cycle among certain of the State Legislatures in India on March 14 and June 11, 2016, to elect 13 and 57 of its 245 members, of which the states through their legislators elect 233, and the remaining 12 are appointed by the President. Being even-numbered, 2016 was a year in which about 30% of the State Legislature-elected 233-seat component of the body is elected.


2016 Indian Rajya Sabha elections
There were also two by-elections, which are held if the incumbent resigns, dies, or is otherwise disqualified from serving.


2016 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, March elections
The election of March 14, 2016 was held to elect 13 members for duration of 6 years from 6 states to the Rajya Sabha. The seats in following states were up for election with terms of sitting members ending as: Assam - 2 seats,  Himachal Pradesh - 1 seat,  Kerala - 3 seats,  Tripura - 1 seat all term ending on 2 April 201; Nagaland - 1 seat with term ending on 2 April 2016 but vacant since 26 November 2015 and Punjab - 5 seats with term ending on 9 April 2016.


2016 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, June elections
The election of June 11, 2016 was held to elect 57 members from 15 states to the Rajya Sabha. The seats in following states were up for election:


2016 Indian Super League Final
The 2016 Indian Super League Final was a football match between ATK and Kerala Blasters on 18 December 2016 at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium in Kochi, Kerala. It was the final match of the 2016 Indian Super League season, the third season of the Indian Super League. The match was the second time these two teams played against each other in the Indian Super League final, the previous one was when both sides met in the inaugural 2014 final. ATK won that final 1–0.


2016 Indian Super League Final
Kerala Blasters reached the finals after finishing the regular season in second place. ATK finished their regular season in fourth place. In the semi-finals, Kerala Blasters took on the Delhi Dynamos while ATK played against Mumbai City. ATK hosted Mumbai City in the first match of the finals at the Rabindra Sarobar Stadium. Helped by a brace from Iain Hume, ATK won the first leg 3–2. The team then secured their place in the final after a 0–0 draw in Mumbai.


2016 Indian Super League Final
The Kerala Blasters hosted Delhi Dynamos in their first match of the finals at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium and won 1–0. In the second leg, the Blasters were defeated 2–1 and thus the score remaining 3-3 on aggregate the match went to a penalty shootout as away goal rule was not applicable in case of Indian Super League. The Kerala Blasters won the shootout 3–0 to qualify for the final.


2016 Indian Super League Final
Watched by a crowd of 82,146, the Kerala Blasters took the lead in the 37th minute through Mohammed Rafi. The Kerala Blasters lead only lasted for seven minutes before Henrique Sereno equalized for ATK. At halftime the score was 1–1. The second half did not see any goals scored and thus the match went into extra-time. The first half of extra-time was goalless and so was the second half. With the score still remaining1–1 after extra-time, the match went into penalties.


2016 Indian Super League Final
Penalty shoot out drama saw Graham Stack saving the first shot for ATK which gave a temporary lead for Kerala but Ndyoe blasted the ball over the bar and finally Cédric Hengbart saw his shot getting saved by the trailing leg of ATK keeper Debjit Majumder, ATK won the shoot-out 4–3 as Jewel Raja scored the winning penalty and they won the Indian Super League Final for the second time in three seasons.


2016 Indian Super League playoffs
The 2016 Indian Super League playoffs was the third playoffs series in the 2016 ISL season, the 2016 edition of the men's professional football league in India. The playoffs began on 10 December and concluded with the final on 18 December. The top four teams from the 2016 ISL regular season qualified for the playoffs with the semi-finals taking place over two-legs before the final in Kochi.


2016 Indian Super League playoffs
The playoffs ended with Atlético de Kolkata defeating the Kerala Blasters in a penalty shootout, 4–3, in the final. The match was a rematch of the 2014 ISL final which Atlético de Kolkata won as well 1–0.


2016 Indian Super League season
The 2016 Indian Super League season was the third season of the Indian Super League, the football league, since its establishment in 2013. The season featured eight teams again, each playing 14 matches during the regular season before the finals. The regular season began on 1 October and ended on 4 December. The finals began on 10 December and concluded with the final on 18 December. The defending champions coming into the season were Chennaiyin.


2016 Indian Super League season
At the end of the season, Atlético de Kolkata came out as champions after defeating the Kerala Blasters in a penalty shootout, 4–3, during the final. The match had ended 1–1 after ninety minutes and extra time.


2016 Indian Super League season, Foreign players
Besides the marquee player, each Indian Super League side must sign at least eight foreign players with the maximum capped at 10.


2016 Indian Super League season, Awards, ISL Player of the Week award
Awarded weekly to the player that was chosen by fan voting on google.co.in


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation
On 8 November 2016, the Government of India announced the demonetisation of all ₹500 and ₹1,000 banknotes of the Mahatma Gandhi Series. It also announced the issuance of new ₹500 and ₹2,000 banknotes in exchange for the demonetised banknotes. Prime Minister Narendra Modi claimed that the action would curtail the shadow economy and reduce the use of illicit and counterfeit cash to fund illegal activity and terrorism.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation
The announcement of demonetisation was followed by prolonged cash shortages in the weeks that followed, which created significant disruption throughout the economy. People seeking to exchange their banknotes had to stand in lengthy queues, and several deaths were linked to the rush to exchange cash.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation
According to a 2018 report from the Reserve Bank of India, approximately 99.3% of the demonetised banknotes, or ₹15.30 lakh crore (15.3 trillion) of the ₹15.41 lakh crore that had been demonetised, were deposited with the banking system, But the banknotes that were not deposited were worth ₹10,720 crore (107.2 billion), leading analysts to state that the effort had failed to remove black money from the economy. The BSE SENSEX and NIFTY 50 stock indices fell over 6 percent on the day after the announcement. The move reduced the country's industrial production and its GDP growth rate. It is estimated that 1.5 million jobs were lost.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation
Initially, the move received support from several bankers as well as from some international commentators. The move was also criticised as poorly planned and unfair, and was met with protests, litigation, and strikes against the government in several places across India. Debates also took place concerning the move in both houses of Parliament.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Background
The Indian government had demonetised banknotes on two prior occasions—once in 1946 and once in 1978—and in both cases, the goal was to combat tax evasion via "black money" held outside the formal economic system. In 1978, the Janata Party coalition government demonetised banknotes of ₹1,000, ₹5,000 and ₹10,000, again in the hopes of curbing counterfeit money and black money.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Background
In 2012, the Central Board of Direct Taxes recommended against demonetisation, saying in a report that "demonetisation may not be a solution for tackling black money or shadow economy, which is largely held in the form of benami properties, bullion and jewelry." According to data from income tax probes, black money holders kept only 6% or less of their wealth as cash, suggesting that targeting this cash would not be a successful strategy.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Demonetisation process, Preparation and announcement
The plan to demonetise the ₹500 and ₹1,000 banknotes was initiated between six and ten months before it was a report by the State Bank of India (SBI) analysed possible strategies and effects of demonetisation. In May 2016, the Reserve Bank of India had started preparing for new banknotes and confirmed the design of ₹2,000 banknotes in August 2016. The printing of new banknotes started in October when the news stories of forthcoming new banknotes appeared in the media. On 27 October 2016, the Hindi daily Dainik Jagran published a report quoting RBI sources speaking of the forthcoming of ₹2,000 banknotes alongside withdrawal of ₹500 and ₹1,000 banknotes. On 21 October 2016, The Hindu Business Line had also published a report on the forthcoming ₹2,000 banknote.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Demonetisation process, Preparation and announcement
The Union cabinet was informed about the plan on 8 November 2016 in a meeting in the evening called by the Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Soon after the meeting, Modi announced the demonetisation in an unscheduled live national televised address at 20:15 IST. He declared circulation of all ₹500 and ₹1,000 banknotes of the Mahatma Gandhi Series as invalid effective from the midnight of the same day, and announced the issuance of new ₹500 and ₹2,000 banknotes of the Mahatma Gandhi New Series in exchange for the demonetised banknotes.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Demonetisation process, Information leak rumours
In an interview of prominent businessmen 'allegedly' claimed after the announcement of demonetisation that they had received prior tip-offs and rumours warning of the move and after seeing leaked photos of new ₹2,000 notes "knew what was coming", allowing them to gambit their money by converting into smaller denominations. A BJP MLA from Rajasthan, Bhawani Singh Rajawat, casually claimed in a video that wealthy businessmen were informed about the demonetisation before it occurred. He later denied making the comments.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Demonetisation process, Cash exchange and withdrawal
The Reserve Bank of India stipulated that the demonetised banknotes could be deposited with banks over a period of fifty days until 30 December 2016. The banknotes could also be exchanged for legal tender over the counter at all banks. The limit for such exchange was ₹4,000 per person from 8 to 13 November, was increased to ₹4,500 from 14 to 17 November, and reduced to ₹2,000 from 18 to 25 November. The exchange of banknotes was stopped completely on 25 November, although the government had previously stated that the volume of exchange would be increased after that date.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Demonetisation process, Cash exchange and withdrawal
International airports also facilitated an exchange of banknotes for foreign tourists and out-bound travellers, amounting to a total value of ₹5,000 per person. Fuel pumps, government hospitals, railway and airline booking counters, state-government recognised dairies and ration stores, and crematoriums were allowed to accept the demonetised banknotes until 2 December 2016.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Demonetisation process, Cash exchange and withdrawal
Cash withdrawals from bank accounts were restricted to ₹10,000 per day and ₹20,000 per week per account from 10 to 13 November. This limit was increased to ₹24,000 per week from 14 November 2016. Limits on cash withdrawals from Current accounts/ Cash credit accounts/ Overdraft accounts were withdrawn later. RBI increased the withdrawal limit from Savings Bank account to ₹50,000 from the earlier ₹24,000 on 20 February 2017 and then on 13 March 2017, it removed all withdrawal limits from savings bank accounts.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Demonetisation process, Cash exchange and withdrawal
A daily limit on withdrawals from ATMs was also imposed varying from ₹2,000 per day until 14 November, and ₹2,500 per day until 31 December. This limit was increased to ₹4,500 per day from 1 January, and again to ₹10,000 from 16 January 2017. From 17 November, families were allowed to withdraw ₹250,000 for wedding expenses. Farmers were permitted to withdraw ₹25,000 per week against crop loans.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Demonetisation process, Ordinance and Acts
The Specified Bank Notes (Cessation of Liabilities) Ordinance, 2016 was issued on 28 December 2016, ending the liability of the government for the demonetised banknotes. The ordinance also imposed fines on people found carrying out transactions with them after 8 November 2016, or holding more than ten of them after 30 December 2016. It provided for the exchange of the banknotes after 30 December for people who had been outside India between 9 November and 30 December. The Specified Bank Notes (Cessation of Liabilities) Act, 2017 was notified on 1 March 2017, replacing the ordinance.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Objectives and outcomes
The government said that the main objective of the exercise was curbing black money, which included income which had not been reported and thus was untaxed; money gained through corruption, illegal goods sales and illegal activities such as human trafficking; and counterfeit currency. Other stated objectives included expanding the tax base and increasing the number of taxpayers; reducing the number of transactions carried out by cash; reducing the finances available to terrorists and radical groups such as Maoists and Naxalites; and integrating the formal and informal economies.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Objectives and outcomes, Black money
The government estimated that ₹5 lakh crore, or approximately 20%, of the demonetised banknotes would be permanently removed from circulation. However, according to a 2018 report from the RBI,  99.3% of the demonetised banknotes, or ₹15.30 lakh crore of the ₹15.41 lakh crore that had been demonetised, were deposited with the banking system. The banknotes that were not deposited were worth ₹10,720 crore. Commentators concluded that the government failed in its aim of purging black money from the economy.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Objectives and outcomes, Black money, Evasion
There were reports of people circumventing the restrictions imposed on exchange transactions by conducting multiple transactions at different bank branches, and by sending hired people, employees, and followers in groups to exchange large amounts of demonetised banknotes at banks. In Gujarat, Delhi and many other major cities, sales of gold increased post-demonetisation, surging the price as much as ₹45,000 (US$630) from the ruling price of ₹31,900 (US$450) per 10 grams (0.35 oz). The Enforcement Directorate raided several forex establishments making backdated entries. Money laundering using backdated accounting was carried out by co-operative banks, jewellers, sellers of mobile phones, and several other businesses.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Objectives and outcomes, Black money, Evasion
The cash deposited into hundis (cash collection boxes in temples and gurudwaras) are exempted from inquiry by the tax department; this is sometimes to launder money. After the demonetisation, there was a spike in donations in the form of the demonetised banknotes in temples. People booked large numbers of railway tickets to dispose of unaccounted cash. This came to the notice of the Indian Railways authorities, who imposed restrictions to check evasion.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Objectives and outcomes, Counterfeit banknotes
After demonetisation, there was an increase in the number of counterfeit ₹100 and ₹50 banknotes. The number of counterfeit ₹500 and ₹1,000 (demonetised version) banknotes saw an increase in 2016–17 and subsequently a decline in 2017–18. But in 2017–18, there was an increase in counterfeit ₹500 and ₹2,000 (new version) banknotes than the previous year. There has been no significant change in the number of counterfeit banknotes detected. In 2017–18, the number of detected counterfeit banknotes was close to the number before demonetisation. Additionally, after demonetisation, only 0.0035% of the ₹1,000 banknotes were found to be counterfeit.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Objectives and outcomes, Tax collection
The number of income tax returns filing increased from 43.3 million to 52.9 million between the financial year of 2016 and 2017, which was not a significant increase compared to the increase between 2015 and 2016. The tax compliance had increased with a number of income tax returns filing increased but the majority of them were from salaried and non-business class. The income tax collections increased in the financial year of 2017 due to Income Disclosure Scheme 2016. If adjusted for it, the increase in tax collection was modest. The tax-to-GDP ratio has increased due to expanding tax base. An analysis of the economic data shows that there has been no substantial increase in the number of new tax payers or direct tax collection due to demonetisation. Indirect tax/GDP ratio also remained on the trend path and had no visible impact.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Objectives and outcomes, Tax collection
The use of demonetised banknotes was allowed for the payment of municipal and local civic body taxes, leading to a jump in their revenue collections. For example, the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation reported collecting about ₹160 crore (US$22 million) in cash payments of outstanding and advance taxes within the first four days of demonetisation.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Objectives and outcomes, Digital payments
The push for digital payments was one of the stated intentions of demonetisation. There was immediate and sharp jump in digital payments in November–December 2016 owing to shortages of cash. The debit card point of sales transactions was twice the size of value suggested by trends before demonetisation. The value of credit cards increased but no sharp growth was seen. The mobile wallet transactions picked up immediately after demonetisation, followed by a dip in mid-2017 due to easing cash shortages. There was again sharp rise thereafter. By April 2018, the volume of the digital payments had doubled. After return of the cash, the growth in digital payment had been modest.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Objectives and outcomes, Digital payments
The currency-to-GDP ratio was 12.1% in 2015–16. It declined to 8.8% in 2016–17 due to demonetisation but increased again to 10.9% in 2017–18. The currency-to-GDP ratio was only marginally lower compared to levels before demonetisation.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Objectives and outcomes, Banknotes in circulation
On 28 October 2016, the total banknotes in circulation in India were valued at ₹17.77 lakh crore (US$250 billion); what proportion of this derived from ₹500 and ₹1,000 banknotes was unknown. In its annual report of March 2016, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) stated that total banknotes in circulation valued ₹16.42 lakh crore (US$230 billion) of which nearly 86% (around ₹14.18 lakh crore (US$200 billion)) derived from ₹500 and ₹1,000 banknotes. In terms of volume, the report stated that 24% (around 22.03 billion) of the total 9026.6 crore (90.26 billion) banknotes in circulation were ₹500 and ₹1,000 banknotes.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Objectives and outcomes, Banknotes in circulation
Before demonetisation (November 2016), there were banknotes worth ₹17.97 lakh crore (US$250 billion) in the market. The demonetised banknotes constituted 86.4% of it. The banknotes in circulation had reached to the level before demonetisation in March 2018. By March 2018, there were banknotes worth ₹18.03 lakh crore (US$250 billion) in the market; an increase of 9.9%. New banknotes of ₹2,000 and ₹500 constitute 80.6% of it. So there was only 5.8% increase in small domination banknotes. The volume of banknotes in the market increased by 2.1%. The banknotes in circulation had further increased to ₹19.5 lakh crore (US$270 billion) in September 2018 and ₹21.41 lakh crore (US$300 billion) in March 2019, 19.14% higher than the level before demonetisation.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Objectives and outcomes, Terrorism and internal security
Initially there was a decrease in the activities and attacks by Maoist and Naxalite radical groups, which was attributed to lack of finance following demonetisation. The surrender rate had reached its highest. The activities returned within few months. There was a decrease in the terror activities in Jammu and Kashmir.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Other effects, Shortage of cash
The scarcity of cash due to demonetisation led to chaos, and people faced difficulties in depositing or exchanging the demonetised banknotes due to long queues outside banks and ATMs across India. The ATMs were short of cash for months after demonetisation.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Other effects, Shortage of cash
During the demonetisation, the unaccounted money worth ₹610 crore were seized by the police and tax officials across India which included ₹110 crore in new banknotes. Reports in the media noted that although the general public faced a severe cash shortage, some individuals were able to amass crores in new banknotes; they thus described the demonetisation exercise as being futile.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Other effects, Transport
The All India Motor Transport Congress claimed that about 800,000 truck drivers and conductors were affected with the shortage of cash, with around 400,000 trucks stranded at major highways across India. Major toll plazas in Gujarat and on the Delhi-Mumbai highways also saw long queues as toll plaza operators refused the demonetised banknotes. The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways subsequently announced a suspension of toll collections on all national highways across the country until 2 December as well as acceptance of demonetised ₹500 banknotes as a toll from 2 to 15 December.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Other effects, Stock market
As a combined effect of demonetisation and the US presidential election, the stock market indices dropped to an around six-month low in the week following the announcement. The day after the demonetisation announcement, BSE SENSEX crashed nearly 1,689 points and NIFTY 50 plunged by over 541 points. By the end of the intraday trading section on 15 November 2016, the BSE SENSEX index was lower by 565 points and the NIFTY 50 index was below 8100 intraday. There were marginal effects on the stock market during November–December 2016.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Other effects, Stock market
A data study (July 2016 – February 2017) of 54 companies across 13 sectors listed with the NSE showed that companies in cement, cotton and rubber sectors showed an increase in total trades while companies in automotive, clothing, foods, paper, real estate, retail, steel, sugar, tea and textiles sectors showed a decrease in total trades after demonetisation. Demonetisation had a negative impact on stock market returns evidenced from NIFTY 50 and other NIFTY sectoral indices.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Other effects, Industrial output
There was a reduction in industrial output as industries were hit by the cash shortage. The Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) fell to 46.7 in November 2016 from 54.5 in October 2016, recording its sharpest reduction in three years. A reading above 50 indicates growth and a reading below shows contraction. This indicates a slowdown in both manufacturing and services industries. The PMI report also showed that the reduction in inflation in November 2016 was due to a shortage in money supply.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Other effects, Industrial output
The growth in eight core sectors such as cement, steel and refinery products, which constitute 38% of the Index of industrial production (IIP), was only to 4.9 percent in November 2016 as compared with 6.6 percent a month ago.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Other effects, Agriculture
Transactions in the agriculture sector are heavily dependent on cash and were adversely affected by the demonetisation. Due to scarcity of the new banknotes, many farmers have insufficient cash to purchase seeds, fertilisers and pesticides needed for the plantation of rabi crops usually sown around mid-November. Farmers and their unions conducted protest rallies in Gujarat, Amritsar and Muzaffarnagar against the demonetisation as well as against restrictions imposed by the Reserve Bank of India on district cooperative central banks which were ordered not to accept or exchange the demonetised banknotes.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Other effects, Agriculture
The shortage of cash led to plunge in demand which in turn led to a crash in the prices of crops. Farmers were unable to recover even the costs of transportation from their fields to the market from the low prices offered. Some farmers dumped their produce in protest against the government.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Other effects, Agriculture
Demonetisation resulted in the relative erosion of agricultural wages and weak bargaining power of farmers for their produce.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Other effects, Real GDP growth rate
Global analysts cut their forecasts of India's real GDP growth rate for the financial year 2016–17 by 0.5 to 3% due to demonetisation. India's GDP in 2016 is estimated to be US$2.25 trillion, hence, each 1 per cent reduction in growth rate represents a shortfall of US$22.5 billion (₹ 1.54 lakh crore) for the Indian economy. According to Societe Generale, quarterly GDP growth rates would drop below 7% for an entire year at a stretch for the first time since June 2011.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Other effects, Real GDP growth rate
The Q4'16–17 rate was 6.1% as against a forecast of 7.1% by economists. The rate for the financial year 2016–17 was 7.1%, a reduction from the 8% in 2015–16. This drop was attributed to demonetisation by economists.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Other effects, Real GDP growth rate
The GDP growth rate for Q1'17–18 dropped to 5.7%, compared to 7.9% a year ago, the lowest since March 2014. This drop was attributed to demonetisation as well as inventory drawdown by companies due to the forthcoming implementation of the Goods and Service Tax. The GDP started to recover from Q2'17–18 and clocked 8.2% in Q2'18–19.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Other effects, Employment
There was a loss of jobs and a decline in wages due to demonetisation, particularly in the unorganised and informal sector and as well as in small enterprises. Migrant workers were adversely affected by demonetisation.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Other effects, Employment
According to the report prepared by the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE), the number of employed people was 401 million in January–April 2016, 403 million during May–August 2016, and 406.5 million in September–December 2016. After demonetisation in November 2016, the number fell to 405 million in January–April 2017. So there was fall of 1.5 million in number of people employed. CMIE also reported that the number of persons employed was 406.7 million in 2016–17 which fell by 0.1% to 406.2 million in 2017–18. So the employment had stagnated which resulted in employment rate decline.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Other effects, Employment
The employment rate fell from 42.59% in 2016–17 to 41.45% in 2016–17. The unemployment rate also declined from 7.51% in 2016–17 to 4.66% in 2017–18 because of the shrinking employed force. The number of the employed force fell from 439.7 million in 2016–17 to 426.1 million in 2017–18. CMIE attributed the impact to demonetisation as well as implementation of Goods and Services Tax in July 2017.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Other effects, Employment
It is estimated that 1.5 million jobs were lost, according to The Guardian.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Other effects, Cost to banks
Before demonetisation, the RBI had spent ₹3,421 crore to print banknotes in 2015–2016 (July to June). The cost of printing new banknotes escalated to ₹7,965 crore in 2016–17 and ₹4,912 crore in 2017–18. This resulted in a decline in the dividend paid to the government from ₹65,876 crore in 2015–16 to ₹30,659 crore in 2016–17 and ₹50,000 crore in 2017–18. It was estimated that this decrease in income for the government could cause the fiscal deficit for the financial year 2016–17 to increase from the targeted 3.2% to 3.4%. The Indian Air Force was paid ₹29.41 crore to move banknotes after demonetisation.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Other effects, Cost to banks
The banks incurred the cost in collection, storage and movement of banknotes across the country as well as in re-calibrating the ATMs.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Other effects, Welfare schemes
Demonetisation negatively impacted the Midday Meal Scheme due to the shortage of funds.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Other effects, Deaths
Several people were reported to have died from standing in queues for hours to exchange their demonetised banknotes. Deaths were also attributed to lack of medical help due to refusal of demonetised banknotes by hospitals. By the end of December 2016, political opposition leaders claimed that over 100 people had died due to demonetisation. In March 2017, the government stated that they received no official report on deaths connected to demonetisation. Later in December 2018, the then Finance Minister Arun Jaitley reported in parliament that four people, three bank personnel and one customer of the State Bank of India, died during demonetisation.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Legal issues
A public interest litigation (PIL) was filed in Madras High Court by M. Seeni Ahamed, General Secretary of the Indian National League, to scrap the decision of demonetisation. The High Court dismissed the PIL, stating that it could not interfere in monetary policies of the government. Similar PILs were also filed in the Supreme Court of India. In November 2017, the Supreme Court of India referred all cases related to demonetisation to constitutional bench to review the legality of the demonetisation, implementation irregularities and violation of people's rights by limits on cash withdrawals.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Legal issues
The government had initially announced that any person who is unable to deposit the demonetised banknotes by 31 December 2016 would be given an opportunity to do so until a later date. However, the government allowed only Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) to deposit demonetised banknotes after 31 December 2016. As a result, many people were left stranded with demonetised banknotes. People petitioned the courts to allow a deposit of the demonetised banknotes. In November 2017, the Supreme Court dismissed 14 petitions related to  demonetisation, and asked petitioners to file pleas with a constitutional bench which would deal with cases related to demonetisation.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Reactions, Reactions of economists
Most economists across the ideological spectrum, except some partisan ones, were broadly critical of the demonetisation as an economic policy.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Reactions, Reactions of economists
Indian-American economist Jagdish Bhagwati praised the demonetisation. Nobel laureate Amartya Sen, severely criticised the demonetisation move, calling it a "despotic action" among other things. Former Senior Vice-President and Chief Economist of the World Bank Kaushik Basu, called it a 'major mistake' and said that the 'damage' is likely to be much greater than any possible benefits. Pronab Sen, former Chief Statistician and Planning Commission of India member, called it a "hollow move" since it did not really address any of the purported goals of tackling black money or fake currency.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Reactions, Reactions of economists
Prabhat Patnaik, a former professor of economics at the Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi called the move 'witless' and 'anti-people'. He criticised the simple way in which black money was assumed as "a hoard of cash", saying that it would have little effect in eliminating "black activities" while "causing much hardship to common people."


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Reactions, Reactions of economists
Economist and journalist T. N. Ninan wrote in the Business Standard that demonetisation 'looks like a bad idea, badly executed on the basis of some half-baked notions'. Steve Forbes described the move as 'Sickening And Immoral'. He stated that "What India has done is commit a massive theft of people's property without even the pretense of due process—a shocking move for a democratically elected government." Nobel laureate Paul Krugman said that it is difficult to see gains from demonetisation, while there may be significant costs to it. Economic analyst Vivek Kaul stated in a BBC article that "demonetisation had been a failure of epic proportions."


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Reactions, Reactions of industrialists
The decision met with mixed initial reactions. Several bankers like Arundhati Bhattacharya (Chairperson of State Bank of India) and Chanda Kochhar (MD & CEO of ICICI Bank) appreciated the move in the sense that it would help curb black money. Businessmen Anand Mahindra (Mahindra Group), Sajjan Jindal (JSW Group), Kunal Bahl (Snapdeal and FreeCharge) also supported the move adding that it would also accelerate e-commerce. Infosys founder N. R. Narayana Murthy praised the move.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Reactions, Reactions of industrialists
Deepak Parekh (Chairman of HDFC) had initially appreciated the decision of demonetisation, but later said that the move had derailed the economy, and expressed skepticism about its outcome. Industrialist Rajiv Bajaj criticised demonetisation, saying that not just the execution, but the concept of demonetisation was wrong in itself.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Reactions, Political reactions
Indian National Congress spokesperson Randeep Surjewala welcomed the move but remained skeptical on the consequences that would follow. Chief Minister of Bihar Nitish Kumar supported the move. The demonetisation also got support from the then Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh Nara Chandrababu Naidu. Former Chief Election Commissioner of India S. Y. Quraishi said demonetisation could lead to long term electoral reforms. Indian social activist Anna Hazare hailed demonetisation as a "revolutionary step". Former President of India Pranab Mukherjee welcomed the demonetisation move by calling it a "bold step".


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Reactions, Political reactions
Chief Ministers of several Indian states like Mamata Banerjee, Arvind Kejriwal and Pinarayi Vijayan have criticised and led major protests against the decision in their states and in parliament. Initially, the move to demonetise and try to hinder black money was appreciated, but the manner in which it was carried out by causing hardships to common people was criticised.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Reactions, Political reactions
A Parliamentary panel report in April 2017 stated that rural households and honest taxpayers were the worst hit by demonetisation. It said that it was not just the poor that suffered, but the manufacturing sector was impacted too. According to the panel, demonetisation created significant disruption throughout economy, because it was carried out without prior study or research. An Indian National Congress led opposition which includes 13 political parties, opposed the government on the issue of demonetisation in the Winter Session of the Indian Parliament.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Reactions, Political reactions
On 16 November 2016, Mamata Banerjee led a delegation comprising political parties of Trinamool Congress, Aam Aadmi Party, BJP ally Shiv Sena and National Conference to Rashtrapati Bhawan to protest against the decision of demonetisation. A memorandum was submitted to the President of India Pranab Mukherjee demanding rollback of the decision.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Reactions, Political reactions
Prem Chand Gupta, a member of the Rashtriya Janata Dal, questioned a statement of Modi from the unscheduled TV broadcast on 8 November, "If it was planned 10 months ago, how did RBI Governor Urjit Patel sign on new note?". Praful Patel, a member of the Nationalist Congress Party, stated that "the government was not even prepared to recalibrate the ATMs while announcing the move. People's suffering are unimaginable. Nobody is questioning the government's intention, but you are unprepared to execute the move".


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Reactions, Political reactions
Later, the former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh Mayawati stated the situation to "a financial emergency", by saying "It looks as if Bharat has shut down." Also, Sitaram Yechury from the Communist Party of India, questioned the government on the demonetisation move by stating "only 6% of black money in India is in cash to drive his point that demonetisation won't curb illicit wealth."


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Reactions, Political reactions
On 17 November 2016, a rally against demonetisation, led by Chief Minister of Delhi Arvind Kejriwal and his West Bengal counterpart Mamata Banerjee at Azadpur Mandi, the biggest vegetable and fruits wholesale market in New Delhi was organised.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Reactions, Political reactions
On 24 November 2016, former prime minister Manmohan Singh said "this scheme will hurt small industries, the farming sector. The GDP can decline by about 3 percent due to this move". He termed the demonetisation as an "organised loot, legalised plunder of the common people".


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Reactions, Political reactions
Strikes were organised across India. Opposition parties like the Indian National Congress, Bahujan Samaj Party, Trinamool Congress, DMK, JD(U), AIADMK, Nationalist Congress Party, Left, Rashtriya Janata Dal and the Samajwadi Party decided to observe 'Akrosh Diwas' as, a protest campaign day on 28 November  and launch protests in front of banks, demanding that money be returned to people. In the state of Bihar, 15 trains were blocked and stranded, while the states of West Bengal, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh saw protest marches and rallies led by opposition parties. In the state of Kerala, shops and business establishments were shut, with schools and colleges closed throughout the state, while movements of private vehicles were also disrupted in Northern Kerala.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Reactions, Political reactions
Former Indian Chief Election Commissioner, O. P. Rawat stated that 'the note ban had absolutely no impact on black money', and that record amounts of money had been seized in polls held after demonetisation.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Reactions, International reactions
By and large, initial international response was positive which saw the move as a bold crackdown on corruption. The International Monetary Fund's spokesperson Gerry Rice told that it supported the efforts to fight corruption and illegal finances but cautioned about the disruptions.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Reactions, International reactions
Chinese state media Global Times praised the move and termed it as "fierce fight against black money and corruption." Former Prime Minister of Finland and Vice-President of European Commission Jyrki Katainen welcomed the demonetisation move stressing that bringing transparency will strengthen the Indian economy. BBC's South Asia Correspondent Justin Rowlatt in his article praised the move for its secrecy. Tim Worstall termed the demonetisation as welcome macroeconomic effect in his article in Forbes magazine. Swedish Minister of Enterprise Mikael Damberg supported the move by calling it a bold decision.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Reactions, International reactions
The demonetisation also came in for sharp criticism from media outside India, with The New York Times saying that the demonetisation was "atrociously planned" and that it did not appear to have combatted black money, while an article in The Guardian stated that "Modi has brought havoc to India". The Harvard Business Review called it "a case study in poor policy and even poorer execution". The frequent change in the narrative on objectives of the demonetisation to its visible impact on the poorest of the poor made other critiques calling the government's narrative as spins in view of the "pointless suffering on India's poorest."


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Political impact
Akshay Mangala, an Assistant Professor at Harvard Business School, called the move "the politics of visible disruption". He noted that the people might attribute the implementation shortcomings to institutional weakness while the government could take credit for its attempt to curb the black money. He also noted that it may result in the public opinion in favour of the government which is led by the BJP if the opposition parties, led by the INC, fail to form the countervailing narrative. MIT associated academics Abhijit Banerjee and Namrata Kala also opined the same.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Political impact
The BJP and its allies formed the government in six out of seven state legislative assemblies which went to the elections in 2017, including the most populous state, Uttar Pradesh. BJP improved its performance in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh. In Manipur and Goa, INC secured the plurality while BJP came second and formed the government with the help of its allies. In Gujarat, BJP worsened its performance but retained the majority. The BJP and its allies lost to the INC in Punjab.


2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, Long term impact
In 2019, India experienced an economic slowdown which was attributed to demonetisation and several other factors.


2016 Indian general strike
On 2 September 2016, an estimated 150 million to 180 million Indian public sector workers went on a 24-hour nationwide general strike against Prime Minister Narendra Modi's plans for increasing privatization and other economic policies. A total of ten trade unions participated. Many government-run locations and transportation services were closed. The strikers also protested in favour of social security, universal healthcare, and an increased minimum wage. The strike mainly took place in states where opposition parties were the most influential, such as Karnataka and Kerala. It was the largest strike in human history, until the 2020 Indian general strike.


2016 Indian heat wave
The 2016 Indian heat wave was a major heat wave in April and May of that year. A national record high temperature of 51.0 °C (123.8 °F) was set in the town of Phalodi, in the state of Rajasthan. Over 160 people died with 330 million affected to some degree. There were also water shortages with drought worsening the impact of the heat wave.


2016 Indian heat wave, Background
According to the India Meteorological Department, a heat wave is defined as a maximum air temperature of at least 40°C (104°F) in the plains and 30°C (86°F) in hilly regions, and is also declared when the maximum temperature remains 45°C (113°F) or higher, irrespective of the normal maximum temperature.


2016 Indian heat wave, Background
In India, the month of May is typically one of the hottest and driest. In 2016, the heat came early, with 111 heat-related casualties reported by 8 April. Most of the heat waves in India since 1998 are associated with droughts; a major drought and worsening water shortages had affected around 330 million people by 23 May. The high temperatures, combined with other atmospheric disturbances, led to thunderstorms and lightning strikes in some states, leading to deaths, the destruction of houses and uprooted trees, as well as affecting crops and farm animals. The monsoon rains that would provide some relief were nearly one week behind the scheduled date, and would not reach the north until several weeks later.


2016 Indian heat wave, Background
More than 20,000 people have died of heat wave-related causes in India since 1992; the heat wave in 2015 was one of the five deadliest on record.


2016 Indian heat wave, Impact
The highest temperatures typically occur in May or June prior to the annual monsoon. Increasing temperatures and more frequent heat waves appear to be a result of human-induced climate change. In response to these more frequent events, many cities across India have implemented plans to warn people of the dangers of excessive heat.


2016 Indian heat wave, Impact
While the number of deaths was relatively small, those most likely to die from heat exposure were labourers who were forced to work outside despite a government ban limiting work during the hottest part of the day. Schools were also ordered to extend the summer holiday to reduce the risk to children. The greatest impact of the extreme temperatures were on crops, with hundreds of millions of people affected by the failure of food crops.


2016 Indian heat wave, Impact
The government hospital in Phalodi reported 500 patient visits, double the average number; many of those patients were complaining of diarrhea. To combat the heat, people drink water, but in 2016 the heat was coupled with drought. Lack of adequate water leads to dehydration and consumption of contaminated water leads to diarrhea. It is likely that the death totals were significantly underestimated due to a lack of systematic data collection.


2016 Indian heat wave, Health Effects
A heat wave usually causes severe health conditions and death. Heat stroke and heat stress are two of these adverse effects. Also, the heat wave was the main cause of the prevalence of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in hospitals. The humidity and temperature increases caused harmful health effects, especially for vulnerable people such as the elderly, children, outdoor workers and people in poor living conditions. Indian people's health were affected indirectly by water scarcity for both drinking and grazing purposes. That led to heat-related health challenges such as dehydration hyperthermia. Therefore, Indian people suffered from dizziness and organ dysfunction. In Phalodi, people suffered from diarrhea and high body temperature.


2016 Indian heat wave, Health Effects
The mortality rate differs in India during different months and in different cities. At the beginning of April 2016, more than 100 people died from heat. In the three Indian cities of Delhi, Telangana and Odisha more than 600 died in just one month. In the region of Bihar, 180 people died, and a large number were affected by heat stroke. The National Disaster Management Authority Government of India shows that 1,111 died because of the heat wave in 2016.


2016 Indian heat wave, Local Response
In Orissa, Maharashtra and Gujarat, programs were launched to educate people on hydration, providing shelters and training medical workers. In Andhra Pradesh, government workers distributed water and buttermilk, whilst TV and newspaper adverts urged people to stay indoors during peak hours.


2016 Indian heat wave, Local Response
Schools were shut down in Odisha and Telangana weeks ahead of summer holidays. Hospitals stopped performing surgeries. A ban on day-time (9am - 6pm) cooking was imposed to prevent accidental fires. India's Supreme Court ordered the Indian Premier League out of Maharashtra, stopping 13 cricket matches because of the amount of water needed to prepare pitches.


2016 Indian heat wave, Local Response
There were numerous calls for more government action. Leading Indian economists, rights activists and academics sent an open letter to the government expressing the same. In his monthly radio address, Modi pledged 20 billion rupees ($400 million) to deal with the crisis.


2016 Indian heat wave, Local Response
In Maharastra, the local government's response to the portable water shortage was to supply water to its city via train. The train became known as "Jaldoot" (Hindi), meaning "water saviour". In a single nine-hour journey the train was able to deliver 2.5 million litres of water.


2016 Indiana Democratic presidential primary
The 2016 Indiana Democratic presidential primary took place on May 3 in the U.S. state of Indiana as one of the Democratic Party's primaries ahead of the 2016 presidential election.


2016 Indiana Democratic presidential primary
The Republican Party held their own Indiana primary on the same day. Other primaries were not held that day.


2016 Indiana Democratic presidential primary, Analysis
Sanders managed a five-percentage point upset win in Indiana, despite not leading in a single poll ahead of the primary. He won men 57-43, tied women with Clinton 50-50, beat Clinton 68-32 among voters under the age of 45, and won a resounding 59-41 victory with white voters, who made up 71% of the Democratic electorate in Indiana. He also won self-identified Independents 72-28 and won across all income levels. Clinton performed best with African Americans who she won 74-26, and older voters who she won 60-40.


2016 Indiana Democratic presidential primary, Analysis
Sanders performed well statewide in Indiana, winning most of the rural counties. He performed well in Marion County, winning 51-49 according to exit polls. Marion contains the state capital and largest city of Indianapolis, and the Indianapolis Suburbs which he won 56-44. Sanders won Northeast Indiana, which is anchored in Allen County by Fort Wayne. Sanders carried East Central Indiana and Northern Indiana. He carried St. Joseph County which contains South Bend and University of Notre Dame by a wide margin, likely thanks to his support from younger voters. He also won Monroe County which contains the city of Bloomington which is home to Indiana University. Sanders also won Vanderburgh County which contains Evansville as well as Vigo County which contains Terre Haute.


2016 Indiana Democratic presidential primary, Analysis
Clinton won Lake County in Northwest Indiana (a region she won by a narrow 51-49) which contains the heavily African American city of Gary and is a part of the Chicago Metropolitan Area, and performed well in Southern Indiana along the Ohio River with neighboring Kentucky.


2016 Indiana Fever season
The 2016 WNBA season is the 17th season for the Indiana Fever of the Women's National Basketball Association. The season tipped off on May 1. The Fever finished with a record of 17–17, third in the Eastern Conference and fifth overall. The Fever made the First Round of the 2016 WNBA Playoffs, losing to the Phoenix Mercury. It was the team's 13th appearance in the WNBA playoffs.


2016 Indiana Fever season, Transactions, WNBA Draft
The Fever made three selections in the 2016 WNBA Entry Draft in Uncasville, Connecticut:


2016 Indiana Fever season, Regular season, Playoffs
The Fever qualified for the 2016 playoffs with the 5th best season record in the WNBA. The Fever would lose to the Phoenxi Mercury in the first round, single-elimination game.


2016 Indiana Hoosiers baseball team
The 2016 Indiana Hoosiers baseball team represented Indiana University during the 2016 NCAA Division I baseball season. The Hoosiers played their home games at Bart Kaufman Field as a member of the Big Ten Conference. They were led by head coach Chris Lemonis, in his second year at Indiana. The Hoosiers finished the season 32–24 (4th overall) in the 2016 Big Ten Conference baseball standings.


2016 Indiana Hoosiers baseball team, Previous season
In 2015, the Hoosiers finished 6th in the Big Ten Conference with a record of 35–24 overall and 12–10 in conference play. They qualified for the 2015 Big Ten Conference Baseball Tournament, and lost in the semifinals to Maryland. They qualified for the 2015 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament and were placed in the Champaign Regional. The Hoosiers won their opening series against Radford, but lost to eventual College World Series runner up Vanderbilt in the second round of the regionals.


2016 Indiana Hoosiers football team
The 2016 Indiana Hoosiers football team represented Indiana University Bloomington during the 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Hoosiers competed in the East Division of the Big Ten Conference and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana. They were led by head coach Kevin Wilson, who was in his sixth season, for twelve games. Following their win against Purdue, the Hoosiers became bowl eligible for the second year in a row and were invited to the Foster Farms Bowl.


2016 Indiana Hoosiers football team
On December 1, 2016, Indiana announced that Kevin Wilson had been dismissed due to "philosophical differences", and that Tom Allen would permanently succeed Wilson as head coach, beginning at the bowl game.


2016 Indiana Hoosiers football team, Previous season and offseason
The 2015 Indiana Hoosiers football team finished the regular season 6–6, 2–6 in Big Ten play to finish in sixth place in the Eastern Division. The highlight of the season was beating Purdue to become bowl eligible for the first time since 2007. The Hoosiers were invited to the Pinstripe Bowl where they lost to Duke in overtime.


2016 Indiana Hoosiers football team, Schedule
Indiana announced its 2016 football schedule on July 11, 2013. The 2016 schedule consists of seven home and five away games in the regular season. The Hoosiers will host Big Ten foes Maryland, Michigan State, Nebraska, Penn State, and Purdue, and will travel to Michigan, Northwestern, Ohio State, and Rutgers.


2016 Indiana Hoosiers football team, Schedule
The team will host two of the three non–conference games which are against Ball State Cardinals from the Mid-American Conference (MAC), Florida International Panthers (FIU) from Conference USA, and Wake Forest Demon Deacons from the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).


2016 Indiana Republican presidential primary
The 2016 Indiana Republican presidential primary was held on May 3 in the U.S. state of Indiana as one of the Republican Party's primaries ahead of the 2016 presidential election. This was a winner-take-all election, so Donald Trump, who came in first in the popular vote, won all the delegates.


2016 Indiana Republican presidential primary
The Democratic Party held their own Indiana primary on the same day, which was won by Bernie Sanders. Other primaries were not scheduled for that day.


2016 Indiana Republican presidential primary, Primary, Pre-primary strategies
By late April, Cruz and Kasich had both been eliminated from getting 1,237 delegates, but they still had a chance to accumulate enough delegates to force a contested convention in Cleveland. Realizing this, Cruz and Kasich attempted to focus their efforts in different states, with Cruz challenging Trump head-to-head in Indiana and Kasich challenging Trump head-to-head in Oregon and New Mexico. However, the alliance was tenuous at best, with Kasich telling voters in Indiana the next day to still vote for him and Cruz downplaying the alliance later in the week; it also met with disapproval from 58% of Indiana voters.


2016 Indiana Republican presidential primary, Primary, Final attempts to stop Trump
Indiana was seen as the final state for the "Stop Trump" movement. Indiana, whose delegates were awarded winner-take all statewide and by congressional district, was seen as essential to denying Trump the 1,237 delegates needed to secure the nomination. Following the Acela primaries, Cruz attempted to bolster his chances by announcing that, if nominated, he would name Fiorina as his running mate. Fiorina had served as a Cruz campaign surrogate since March after suspending her own presidential campaign in February and Cruz hoped that Fiorina could help his campaign in Indiana and her home state of California.


2016 Indiana Republican presidential primary, Primary, Final attempts to stop Trump
On April 29, 2016, Governor Mike Pence of Indiana, who eventually became Donald Trump's running mate, announced that he would vote for Cruz in the primary election. However, Cruz's posturing and endorsements proved to be insufficient, as Trump handily won Indiana with 53% of the vote, despite being outspent by a margin of more than 4–1. Cruz lost Indiana by a wide margin to Trump (53% to 37% with Kasich at 8%) and subsequently dropped out of the race.


2016 Indiana Republican presidential primary, Trump emerges as Republican nominee
Cruz lost Indiana by a wide margin to Trump (53% to 37% with Kasich at 8%) and subsequently dropped out of the race. As a result, Reince Priebus, Republican National Committee chairman, tweeted that Trump was the presumptive nominee in the GOP. The next day, Kasich also suspended his campaign, leaving Trump as the only candidate in the race. Despite his endorsement of Cruz, Mike Pence went on to become Trump's running mate.


2016 Indiana Republican presidential primary, Results
Trump won Indiana by a considerable margin statewide. He won nearly all regions of the state except for several counties in northeast Indiana containing the Fort Wayne and Elkhart areas, which Cruz won.


2016 Indiana State Sycamores football team
The 2016 Indiana State Sycamores football team represented Indiana State University in the 2016 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by fourth-year head coach Mike Sanford and played their home games at Memorial Stadium. They were a member of the Missouri Valley Football Conference. They finished the season 4–7, 2–6 in MVFC play to finish in a three-way tie for eighth place.


2016 Indiana State Sycamores football team
On December 16, head coach Mike Sanford resigned to join the staff at WKU where his son, Mike Sanford Jr., had recently been named the head coach. Sanford leaves Indiana State with a four year record of 18–30.


2016 Indiana elections
A general election was held in the U.S. state of Indiana on November 8, 2016. Elections were held for President of the United States, United States Senator, Governor of Indiana, two of Indiana's executive officers and all of Indiana's nine seats in the United States House of Representatives.


2016 Indiana elections, Attorney General
Incumbent Republican Attorney General Greg Zoeller declined to run for a third term in order to run for Congress. Republicans chose Curtis Hill, Elkhart County Prosecutor since 2002 over former Attorney General Steve Carter, State Senator Randall Head, and then-deputy Attorney General Abby Kuzma at the Republican state convention on June 11, 2016


2016 Indiana elections, Attorney General
Democrats nominated Lorenzo Arredondo, former Lake County Circuit Judge from 1976-2010


2016 Indiana elections, Superintendent of Public Instruction
Incumbent Democratic Superintendent of Public Instruction Glenda Ritz ran for re-election. She was unopposed at the Democratic State Convention on June 18, 2016.


2016 Indiana elections, Superintendent of Public Instruction
Republicans nominated Jennifer McCormick, Superintendent of Yorktown Community Schools since 2010 over Dawn Wooten, adjunct faculty at Fort Wayne-area universities.


2016 Indiana elections, Superintendent of Public Instruction
In 2019, governor Eric Holcomb signed House Bill 1005, which would abolish the office and create an appointed position of Secretary of Education to replace it effective January 11, 2021. As a consequence, the 2016 election was the last election held for the office.


2016 Indiana elections, General Assembly
All 100 seats of the Indiana House of Representatives and 25 of 50 seats of the Indiana Senate were up for election. Before the election the composition of the Indiana General Assembly was:


2016 Indiana gubernatorial election
The 2016 Indiana gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 2016, to elect the governor and lieutenant governor of Indiana, concurrently with the 2016 U.S. presidential election as well as elections to the United States Senate and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. The primaries were held on May 3, 2016. Republican Lieutenant Governor Eric Holcomb won the race with 51.4% of the vote.


2016 Indiana gubernatorial election
Incumbent Republican Governor Mike Pence was running for reelection to a second term in office until July 15, 2016, when Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump selected Pence as his vice presidential running mate. As Pence was barred by Indiana law from simultaneously running for both offices, he subsequently withdrew from the gubernatorial election. Pence went on to become Vice President of the United States. He was replaced on the ballot for Governor by his former running mate, incumbent Lieutenant Governor Eric Holcomb, who was selected by the Indiana Republican State Committee as the nominee on July 26, 2016.


2016 Indiana gubernatorial election
Holcomb later selected State Auditor Suzanne Crouch on August 1, 2016, to be his running mate as the nomination for Lieutenant Governor was made vacant by the decision of Holcomb to seek the gubernatorial nomination; she was confirmed at a subsequent meeting of the Indiana Republican State Committee later that day.


2016 Indiana gubernatorial election
John Gregg, the former Speaker of the Indiana House of Representatives, was the Democratic nominee. Gregg previously ran for Governor in 2012, but was defeated by Pence.


2016 Indiana gubernatorial election, Republican State Committee selection
On July 15, 2016, Donald Trump announced that Pence would be his running mate as vice president in the 2016 presidential election. Under Indiana law, Pence was unable to run for both governor and vice president simultaneously; he therefore withdrew from the gubernatorial election, creating a vacancy on the Republican ticket. On July 26, the chairman of the Indiana Republican Party, Jeff Cardwell, announced that Eric Holcomb had been nominated by the Indiana Republican State Committee to replace Pence on the ballot for Governor. The vote totals were not released. Holcomb later selected Suzanne Crouch on August 1, 2016, to be his running mate as the nomination for Lieutenant Governor was made vacant by the decision of Holcomb to seek the gubernatorial nomination; she was then confirmed by the Committee at a meeting later that day.


2016 Indiana gubernatorial election, General election, Results
Holcomb won with 51.4% of the votes, Gregg taking 45.4%, and Libertarian Rex Bell finishing with 3.2%.


2016 Indianapolis 500
The 2016 Indianapolis 500 (branded as the 100th Running of the Indianapolis 500 presented by PennGrade Motor Oil for sponsorship reasons) took place on Sunday, May 29, 2016, at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana. It was the premier event of the 2016 Verizon IndyCar Series season. In a shocking finish, 24 year-old rookie Alexander Rossi of Andretti Herta Autosport won the race on fuel mileage over Carlos Muñoz and Josef Newgarden. Two-time winner Juan Pablo Montoya entered the race as the defending champion.


2016 Indianapolis 500
Over the final ten laps, most of the leaders were cycling through pit stops, as no one was expected to make it to the finish without pitting for fuel. Most drivers had not pitted since the previous caution that ended on lap 166. Alexander Rossi's team took a huge gamble and coached the driver into saving fuel. As the other leaders made their stops, Rossi inherited the lead on lap 197. He slowed down to save fuel, but on the final lap Carlos Muñoz began charging to catch up.


2016 Indianapolis 500
Coming out of turn four on the final lap, Rossi pulled to the inside and literally coasted across the finish line, to take the checkered flag. Muñoz finished 4.4975 seconds behind, his second runner-up finish at Indy (2013, 2016). Rossi was out of fuel, and came to a stop during his cool down lap. A tow truck brought him in, believed to be the first time in Indy history the race winner was towed back to victory lane.


2016 Indianapolis 500
The 2016 race marked a milestone as the 100th running of the Indianapolis 500. The race came five years after the event's Centennial Era, a three-year long commemoration which celebrated the 100th anniversary of the opening of the circuit (1909), and the 100th anniversary of the first Indy 500 (1911). The 2016 running was the ninety-ninth scheduled 500-mile race of the canon, as the 1916 race was scheduled as a 300-mile race. It also commemorated the bicentennial of Indiana statehood.


2016 Indianapolis 500
The month of May activities at the Speedway opened May 14 with the third annual Grand Prix of Indianapolis. Indianapolis 500 practice began on Monday, May 16. Time trials were held on May 21–22, with James Hinchcliffe winning the pole position. Carb Day, the traditional final practice session, and the annual Pit Stop Challenge, was held May 27. Considerable pre-race hype surrounded the milestone event, and for the first time the race was announced as a complete sellout (both grandstand tickets and infield). Due to the sellout, the local television blackout of the ABC broadcast was lifted for the first time ever.


2016 Indianapolis 500, Race background
Going into the race, Simon Pagenaud of Team Penske had mostly dominated the first five races of the 2016 IndyCar season. He finished second in the first two events (St. Petersburg and Phoenix), and won the next three races (Long Beach, Alabama, and the Grand Prix of Indianapolis) to take a sizable lead in the championship points standings.


2016 Indianapolis 500, Race background
The most discussed issues in the weeks leading up the race involved the ongoing development of aero kit regulations, and the competitive balance between the two engine manufacturers (Chevrolet and Honda). After three major crashes in 2015, in which cars flipped over and became airborne, series officials attempted to address the situation by adding "dome skids" - aerodynamic devices affixed to the undertrays of the cars, designed to keep the cars on the ground during a crash.


2016 Indianapolis 500, Race background
This rule change was met with some resistance, particularly from the Honda teams, after testing revealed them to be unsettling to the cars' handling. After practice opened, however, the issues appeared to have been mostly resolved. None of the crashes that occurred during practice or qualifying saw the respective cars flip over. With respect to the engine competition, Chevrolet entered the month having swept all five race wins and all five race pole positions.


2016 Indianapolis 500, Race background
In addition, Chevrolet had noticeably outperformed Honda in the 2015 race, sweeping the top five spots in qualifying, as well as the top four positions on race day. After practice opened, however, Honda teams led the speed chart on three of the four days (one day was rained out), and also secured the pole position - Honda's first Indy 500 pole since 2011.


2016 Indianapolis 500, Race background
Early in the month of May, Speedway officials announced that the grandstand seating for the race had sold out. It marked the first sell-out since before 2003.


2016 Indianapolis 500, Race background
On May 25, Speedway officials announced that the race had reached a total sellout with all general admission tickets sold. In addition, it was announced that for the first time since 1950, the race would not be blacked out for the local audience.


2016 Indianapolis 500, Race background, Sponsorship
For the first time in race history, the Indianapolis 500 had a presenting sponsor: the PennGrade brand of the Lebanon, Indiana-based D-A Lubricant company. D -A Lubricant has had a long history of involvement in the Indianapolis 500, having historically sponsored teams at the race in the late-1950s, and being a current associate sponsor of Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing. Although terms of the deal were not officially announced, the Indianapolis Star reported via sources that it is a three-year deal valued around $5 million.


2016 Indianapolis 500, Schedule
* Includes days where trackactivity was significantly limited due to rain


2016 Indianapolis 500, Testing and rookie orientation, Manufacturer's test – Tuesday, April 5
Four Chevrolet teams and one Honda team conducted a private test at the Speedway on Tuesday, April 5. The test was primarily to evaluate dome skids, a titanium safety device affixed to the underside of the chassis intended to reduce the chance of cars becoming airborne in a crash. Honda teams had already tested the dome skids once at Fontana. A new rear wing flap was also added being tested.


2016 Indianapolis 500, Testing and rookie orientation, Manufacturer's test – Tuesday, April 5
Marco Andretti was the lone Honda participant on Tuesday. Chevrolet participants included Sébastien Bourdais, Ed Carpenter, Hélio Castroneves, Scott Dixon and Juan Pablo Montoya. Temperatures were cool, and no incidents were reported.


2016 Indianapolis 500, Testing and rookie orientation, Rookie Orientation and Refresher Tests –  Monday, May 16
Rookie orientation and veteran refresher tests were held on the first day of practice from 12:00 p.m. to 2:00 p.m. The 40-lap rookie test consisted of three phases demonstrating car control, placement, and a consistent driving pattern. Phase one consists of 10 laps over 210 mph, phase two consists of 15 laps at 215 mph, and phase three requires 15 laps at over 220 mph. Five rookies took part in the session. Alexander Rossi, Max Chilton, and Spencer Pigot passed all three phases. Matthew Brabham and Stefan Wilson passed the first two phases, and were permitted to pass the third phase during any open practice session. Both successfully completed the final phase in the full-field session later that day.


2016 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, First Day — Saturday, May 21
Morning rain delayed the start of practice until 12:30 p.m. Six minutes into the practice session, Max Chilton spun in turn two and crashed into the outside wall. He was not seriously injured. Alexander Rossi set the fastest lap of the practice session at 231.249 mph. Officials announced that time trials would be extended to 7 p.m., to account for lost track time due to the moisture and weepers. The top nine qualifiers for the day would be locked in, and advance to the Top Nine Shootout on Sunday. The drivers for positions 10-33 would also be determined, but the actual starting positions will not set until Sunday.


2016 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, First Day — Saturday, May 21
Qualifying began at 2:15 p.m. Tony Kanaan was the first driver to complete an attempt. The early qualifiers were led by Josef Newgarden (230.229 mph), who tentatively took the top spot of the qualifying chart. Rising track temperatures, and wind gusts in turn one, were making qualifying runs challenging for drivers. About an hour later, at 3:40 p.m., Townsend Bell upped the speed to 230.452 mph, and took over the top spot.


2016 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, First Day — Saturday, May 21
At 4:24 p.m., Pippa Mann was on her qualifying run, when a rear wing end fence failed. The car broke into a spin in turn two, scrubbed off speed, and tagged the outside wall twice. It came to rest against the inside wall. The car suffered moderate damage, and Mann was not injured. The track stood mostly quiet over the next hour, as teams awaited better track conditions, and waited to see who would make the first move to re-qualify.


2016 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, First Day — Saturday, May 21
At 5:52 p.m., Mikhail Aleshin was the first car to get in line to re-qualify, and improved on his earlier speed. Within moments, teams up and down the pit lane began scrambling to get into the qualifying line. Teams could elect to get into one of two lines. The normal qualifying allowed drivers an opportunity to re-qualify, but if they did not improve, they could revert to the earlier speed. The "fast track" line allowed drivers to move directly to the front of the queue, but at the expense of withdrawing their earlier speed.


2016 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, First Day — Saturday, May 21
Hélio Castroneves set the tone for the final hour, moving to position 1 with a speed of 230.500 mph. Not to be upstaged, James Hinchcliffe went even faster (230.946 mph). In the final minutes, Marco Andretti made a last-ditch effort to make the Fast Nine. With seven minutes left, Andretti bumped out his teammate Ryan Hunter-Reay. Hunter-Reay answered, putting himself second, and bumping Andretti out of the Fast Nine. With just seconds left before the final gun, Mikhail Aleshin got out onto the track for one more run. Aleshin bumped his way into the top nine as time expired. All top nine qualifiers were over the 230 mph barrier.


2016 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, Second Day — Sunday, May 22
Pole Day qualification saw warmer temperatures than the previous day's trials with roughly the same amount of wind, resulting in lower speeds and an even slicker track. Qualifications began with the determining of positions 10 through 33. Early in the session, Alex Tagliani lost control of his car, hit the outside wall, then slid back across the track and tapped the pit lane attenuator with the nose of his car. Tagliani was uninjured, but the crash forced him to start in last place.