2016 California Proposition 60
If the state decided not to defend Proposition 60's constitutionality in court, the measure would have empowered its sole sponsor, Michael Weinstein of the AIDS Healthcare Foundation, to defend the measure himself. Weinstein's legal expenses would have been paid by the state and he could only be removed by a majority vote of both houses of the California State Legislature. These provisions were included in response to the United States Supreme Court ruling in Hollingsworth v. Perry that only state employees have standing to defend state ballot propositions in federal court.


2016 California Proposition 60
Proposition 60 was similar to Measure B, passed by Los Angeles voters in 2012, which resulted in a large drop in permit filings for pornography shoots. Proposition 60 would have required adult film performers to use condoms during filming of sexual intercourse, and required producers to pay for performer vaccinations, testing, and medical examinations, and to post the condom requirement at film sites. Additionally, producers would have been required to renew their adult film licenses every two years as well as contact Cal/OSHA if and when a film was being made.


2016 California Proposition 60
The statewide California pornography industry employs 2,000 people. Pornography in California is estimated to be a $9 billion industry.


2016 California Proposition 60
California law already requires all workers to use protection against infectious bodily fluids, and the California Occupational Safety and Health Administration has already interpreted the statute to require porn actors to wear condoms. In early 2016 rulemaking, Cal/OSHA drafted detailed regulation requiring condom use but it was withdrawn after widespread industry criticism.


2016 California Proposition 60
Proponents spent $4.6 million fighting for the measure, all of it from the AIDS Healthcare Foundation.


2016 California Proposition 60
Opponents spent $433,614, with the top donor being Wicked Pictures. Other top donors included Cybernet Entertainment and the California Democratic Party. The editorial boards of the Los Angeles Times, the San Francisco Chronicle, and the Sacramento Bee opposed the measure.


2016 California Proposition 60
The proposition failed, with nearly 54% against and 46% in favor.


2016 California Proposition 61
Proposition 61 was a California ballot proposition that appeared on the November 8, 2016 ballot. It would have prohibited the state of California from buying any prescription drug from a drug manufacturer at price over the lowest price paid for the drug by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. It would have exempted managed care programs funded through Medi-Cal. According to the fiscal impact statement issued by California Legislative Analyst's Office, "potential for state savings of an unknown amount depending on (1) how the measure’s implementation challenges are addressed and (2) the responses of drug manufacturers regarding the provision and pricing of their drugs."


2016 California Proposition 61
Proposition 61 was rejected by a vote of 47 to 53 percent.


2016 California Proposition 62
Proposition 62 was a California ballot proposition on the November 8, 2016, ballot that would have repealed the death penalty and replaced it with life imprisonment and forced labor without possibility of parole. It would have applied retroactively to existing death sentences and increased the portion of life inmates' wages that may be applied to victim restitution.


2016 California Proposition 62
A September 2016 poll from USC Dornsife / Los Angeles Times showed 51% percent of registered voters in favor of Proposition 62, 40% opposed, and 9% unknown.


2016 California Proposition 62
Proposition 62 was rejected by voters in the November general election, with 46.9% voting to end executions. Proposition 66 was approved by voters in the same election, with 51.1% voting to speed up executions. If voters had passed both Proposition 62 and Proposition 66, then the measure with the most "Yes" votes would have taken effect.


2016 California Proposition 62
Proposition 62 was estimated to have reduced state spending by $150 million a year. Proponents spent $8.9 million fighting for Proposition 62, with the top contribution being $1.5 million from Stanford University professor Nick McKeown. Other top contributing proponents include Tom Steyer, Reed Hastings, John Doerr, and Paul Graham. The measure was supported by the editorial boards of the Los Angeles Times, the San Francisco Chronicle, and The Sacramento Bee. Opponents spent $4.4 million fighting against Proposition 62, with the top contribution being $498,303 from the California prison guards’ union. Other top contributing opponents include the California Highway Patrolmen’s union, and the LAPD police union.


2016 California Proposition 62, History
After the Supreme Court of California abolished the death penalty in People v. Anderson (1972), California voters restored capital punishment in California with California Proposition 17 (1972). However, since 1978, California has executed only 13 prisoners, while the population on death row has increased to 750. No prisoner has been executed since 2006, when a federal judge put a hold on the lethal injection procedure the state was using. Abolition of the death penalty through California Proposition 34, 2012 was rejected by 52% of voters.


2016 California Proposition 62, History
The path to the ballot started when Mike Farrell, an American actor and activist, wrote a title and ballot summary on September 15, 2015. A title and summary was then issued by California attorney general's office on November 19, 2015. For a ballot to be qualified, 365,880 valid signatures are needed. On May 2, 2016, petitioners submitted the signatures to county officials. The deadline to submit the required signatures was May 17, 2016. Sponsors of the measure hired PCI Consultants, Inc. to collect signatures for the petition to qualify this measure for the ballot. A total of $3,192,775.30 was spent to collect the 365,880 valid signatures required to put this measure before voters, resulting in a total cost per required signature (CPRS) of $8.73.


2016 California Proposition 63
Proposition 63 is a California ballot proposition that passed on the November 8, 2016 ballot. It requires a background check and California Department of Justice authorization to purchase ammunition, prohibits possession of high-capacity ammunition magazines over ten rounds, levies fines for failing to report when guns are stolen or lost, establishes procedures for enforcing laws prohibiting firearm possession by specified persons, and requires California Department of Justice's participation in the federal National Instant Criminal Background Check System.


2016 California Proposition 63
Supporters of the measure stated that it would “fix a major flaw” put in place by the passing of Proposition 47 in 2014 by stating that theft of a firearm is a felony, regardless of its monetary value.


2016 California Proposition 63
A September 2016 poll from  USC Dornsife / Los Angeles Times showed 64% percent of registered voters in favor of Proposition 63, 28% opposed, and 8% unknown.


2016 California Proposition 63
A November 2016 poll from Insights West showed 57% percent of likely voters in favor of Proposition 63, 35% opposed, and 8% undecided.


2016 California Proposition 63, Federal court cases, Duncan v. Bonta
In March 2019, in the case Duncan v. Becerra (currently Duncan v. Bonta), the Federal District Court stayed enforcement of the new law as the state failed to show how this law didn't violate the Second Amendment or the property rights of owners of previously legal goods. On March 29, 2019, Judge Roger Benitez of the United States District Court for the Southern District of California ruled Proposition 63 unconstitutional, citing lawful defensive use of firearms across the state of California, specifically in the hands of women.


2016 California Proposition 63, Federal court cases, Duncan v. Bonta
Benitez stated that various violent crimes were far more common than mass shootings, and people can use firearms to defend themselves from them providing the law allows it, giving several examples in the first few pages of the opinion. "As in the year 2017, in 2016 there were numerous robberies, rapes, and murders of individuals in California and no mass shootings. Nevertheless, a gubernatorial candidate was successful in sponsoring a statewide ballot measure (Proposition 63).


2016 California Proposition 63, Federal court cases, Duncan v. Bonta
Californians approved the proposition and added criminalization and dispossession elements to existing law prohibiting a citizen from acquiring and keeping a firearm magazine that is able to hold more than 10 rounds. The State now defends the prohibition on magazines, asserting that mass shootings are an urgent problem and that restricting the size of magazines a citizen may possess is part of the solution.


2016 California Proposition 63, Federal court cases, Duncan v. Bonta
In August 2020, a three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in a 2–1 decision, upheld the district court's ruling. California Attorney General Xavier Becerra successfully petitioned for en banc rehearing by a wider 11-judge panel of the court. Duncan v. Bonta was heard en banc by the Ninth Circuit Court on June 22, 2021. A decision has not yet been made.


2016 California Proposition 63, Federal court cases, Rhode v. Becerra
The case Rhode v. Becerra is challenging Proposition 63's requirement for background checks to purchase ammunition as well as its prohibition against importation of ammunition into the state by residents, unless importation takes place through a licensed ammunition dealer. On April 22, 2020, Judge Roger Benitez of the United States District Court for the Southern District of California struck down the requirement and prohibition, stating “California’s new ammunition background check law misfires and the Second Amendment rights of California citizens have been gravely injured.” California's Attorney General Xavier Becerra filed for and was granted a stay of the injunction to appeal the decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.


2016 California Proposition 64
The Adult Use of Marijuana Act (AUMA) (Proposition 64) was a 2016 voter initiative to legalize cannabis in California. The full name is the Control, Regulate and Tax Adult Use of Marijuana Act. The initiative passed with 57% voter approval and became law on November 9, 2016, leading to recreational cannabis sales in California by January 2018.


2016 California Proposition 64, History
Possession or sale of cannabis in the United States is prohibited by federal law. In 1970, President Richard Nixon signed the Controlled Substances Act, establishing marijuana as a Schedule I drug, the strictest level of prohibition. Voters then rejected California Proposition 19 (1972), which sought to remove the criminalization of marijuana under California law. In 1976, Governor Jerry Brown signed the Moscone Act, which reduced the penalty for possession of marijuana from a felony to a misdemeanor.


2016 California Proposition 64, History
Voters passed California Proposition 215 (1996), making California the first state to legalize medical cannabis in the United States. In United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative (2001), the Supreme Court of the United States found that California's medical prescription providers were still subject to criminal prosecution. In Gonzales v. Raich (2005), the U.S. Supreme Court found that Congress's interstate commerce clause power allowed it to prohibit an Oroville, California woman, who was following California law, from growing and consuming marijuana entirely inside her home.


2016 California Proposition 64, History
In September 2010, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed legislation reducing possession of marijuana from a criminal misdemeanor to a civil infraction. In November voters rejected California Proposition 19 (2010), which would have legalized recreational marijuana use, imposed no state taxes, and allowed employers to fire an employee for workplace use of marijuana only after showing it had caused impaired work.


2016 California Proposition 64, History
In 2012, voters passed Washington Initiative 502 and Colorado Amendment 64, which legalized recreational marijuana use in those states. Two other states followed later in 2014, when voters passed Oregon Ballot Measure 91 (2014) and Alaska Measure 2 (2014). In July 2015, Lieutenant Governor Gavin Newsom, the American Civil Liberties Union, and Stanford University faculty released the final report of the Blue Ribbon Commission on Marijuana Policy, which recommended regulations for recreational marijuana use in California.


2016 California Proposition 64, History
On May 4, 2016, the group sponsoring the initiative announced that it had collected over 600,000 signatures for the proposal; enough to get it on the 2016 ballot. On June 28, the measure was certified by the Secretary of State for the November ballot. On July 1, the Secretary of State released a list of propositions with AUMA listed as Proposition 64, then later in the day renumbered it to 63; and, on July 2, released a final list restoring it to Proposition 64.


2016 California Proposition 64, Content
According to California Legislative Analyst's Office, the measure changes California law to legalize the possession, cultivation, and sale of marijuana. Individuals over age 21 are allowed to possess, cultivate, and sell marijuana; the state regulates commercial activities related to commerce for recreational use; a 15% excise tax and an additional $9.25 per ounce of flower or $2.75 per ounce of leaf will be collected; and possession and cultivation of certain amounts for personal use is legalized statewide.


2016 California Proposition 64, Content
The Adult Use of Marijuana Act (AUMA) (Proposition 64) provides an array of opportunities ranging from economic stimulation of several markets and industries to financial relief of the criminal justice system, which are over-burdened with backlogged and pending cases for non-violent cannabis offenders. Revenue paid into the new California Marijuana Tax Fund will allocate 60% of outflows to youth programs, 20% to environmental damage clean-up, and 20% to public safety.


2016 California Proposition 64, Content
Under Prop 64, new state regulation laws will require stringent product development systems to establish distributional industry standards regarding testing, packaging, and labeling.


2016 California Proposition 64, Content
Prop 64's new state regulations provide a platform for a fully transparent, highly efficient seed-to-sale tracking system through the newly created State Regulatory Agency—the Bureau of Marijuana Control—formerly known as the Bureau of Medical Cannabis Regulation.


2016 California Proposition 64, Content
Additionally, the Medical Marijuana Industry will be regulated by several other state agencies: the California Department of Food and Agriculture (to license and regulate marijuana cultivation); the California Department of Public Health (to license and monitor manufacturing of marijuana edibles); the California State Water Resources Control Board (to "regulate the environmental impacts of marijuana growing on water quality"); the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (to regulate cultivation-related impacts on local environments); and the California Department of Pesticide Regulation (to regulate nutrients and pesticides utilized for marijuana cultivation).


2016 California Proposition 64, Content
AUMA allows adults to possess up to an ounce of marijuana. Adults are also allowed to cultivate up to six marijuana plants inside their homes. Marijuana packaging is now required to provide the net weight, origin, age, and type of the product, as well as the milligram amount per serving of tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, and other cannabinoids, and if any pesticides were used during cultivation.


2016 California Proposition 64, Content
Smoking marijuana in public is subject to a $100 fine. Driving under the influence of marijuana remains illegal, although some California Highway Patrol officers are concerned that they will be unable to identify intoxicated drivers. The penalty for unlicensed sale of marijuana is now reduced from four years in state prison to six months in county jail.


2016 California Proposition 64, Content
Businesses selling marijuana require a license from the state-level Bureau of Marijuana Control, and local governments decide permits for businesses to allow on-site consumption. Marijuana shops are prohibited from the sale or consumption of alcohol or tobacco. Local governments are allowed to completely ban marijuana-related businesses.


2016 California Proposition 64, Reactions and analysis
State financial analysts estimated Proposition 64 could increase tax revenue by hundreds of millions to one billion dollars. Independent analysts estimated the measure would reduce state and local government expenditures by tens of millions of dollars.


2016 California Proposition 64, Reactions and analysis
California NORML endorsed the initiative as of March 2016, saying "as well as one of the world's largest economies, California is arguably the most important state to consider marijuana legalization this year."


2016 California Proposition 64, Reactions and analysis
Ballotpedia called the measure "a clear leader and the most likely to reach the ballot in November 2016".


2016 California Proposition 64, Reactions and analysis
The Los Angeles Times stated in February, 2016 that the measure was one of 20 legalization initiatives for the 2016 ballot and was the "clear favorite to make the November ballot" due to support from individual donors and well-funded advocacy groups. Billionaire Sean Parker donated $1 million to the effort to get the measure on the ballot, and Weedmaps donated $500,000.


2016 California Proposition 64, Reactions and analysis
Newsweek stated the success of the initiative would be influential given California's national importance as a "regulatory laboratory", and Reason magazine stated it was poised to approximately triple the number of U.S. residents living in states with legalization. Deseret News (Salt Lake City) expressed concern over a "potential problem when it comes to minorities and recreational marijuana" if the measure passed.


2016 California Proposition 64, Reactions and analysis
Deseret News cited an NPR report from Colorado to conclude that in California, white youth arrests could fall faster than those of minorities, or minority arrests could even increase due to lack of minority access to legal sales and nonwhite ownership of cannabis businesses, worsening the effect of "systemic racism" in pursuing drug crime.


2016 California Proposition 64, Reactions and analysis
The emerging legal marijuana industry is overwhelmingly white-owned and white-dominated and provides good access to white customers," he says. "So one possibility is that that leaves the illegal market disproportionately composed of people of color, both the buyers and the sellers.


2016 California Proposition 64, Reactions and analysis, Supporters
The California Medical Association endorsed the measure in February 2016. United States Representative Dana Rohrabacher, a Republican, endorsed AUMA in late April 2016. Presidential candidate Bernie Sanders indicated his support for AUMA while campaigning in California in May 2016. The California Democratic Party endorsed AUMA in June 2016. On July 21, 2016, The Sacramento Bee reported that Gov. Gary Johnson, Libertarian candidate for President, endorsed California's initiative to legalize marijuana. Former Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi endorsed it a few days before the election, becoming "one of the highest ranking politicians ... openly supporting legalization".


2016 California Proposition 64, Reactions and analysis, Supporters
Proponents spent $24.7 million fighting for the measure, with the top contribution being $8.8 million from Sean Parker and affiliates. The measure was supported by the editorial boards of the Los Angeles Times and the San Francisco Chronicle.


2016 California Proposition 64, Reactions and analysis, Opponents
A number of organizations like the California Association of Highway Patrolmen, the California Hospitals Association, and the Automobile Club of Southern California expressed opposition to the initiative. The California Teamsters Union switched their position to neutral after contributing a relatively large amount to the opposition campaign. According to Capital Public Radio, a Sacramento Superior Court judge ordered the ballot's official arguments to be rewritten, after U.S. Senator Dianne Feinstein's claim that Proposition 64 would allow marijuana advertising on primetime television was debunked as "mostly false" by PolitiFact.com.


2016 California Proposition 64, Reactions and analysis, Opponents
Opponents spent $1.6 million fighting the measure. The measure was opposed by the editorial board of The Sacramento Bee.


2016 California Proposition 64, Removal of past cannabis infractions
On January 31, 2018, San Francisco District Attorney George Gascón announced his department would begin to retroactively apply Proposition 64 to misdemeanor and felony marijuana convictions dating back to 1975, recalling and re-sentencing up to 4,940 felony marijuana convictions and dismissing and sealing 3,038 misdemeanors. Los Angeles and San Joaquin counties announced in April plans to automatically clear about 54,000 marijuana-related convictions.


2016 California Proposition 64, Removal of past cannabis infractions
The national non-profit Code for America developed the technology and process to automate the dismissing and sealing of these records, which they first piloted with the San Francisco District Attorney's office, and subsequently extended to Los Angeles, San Joaquin, and Sacramento counties. In 2019, Code for America released an open source playbook and software that made every California county able to dismiss and seal records eligible for expungement under Prop 64 automatically, in bulk.


2016 California Proposition 65
Proposition 65 was a California ballot proposition on the November 8, 2016 ballot that would have redirected money collected by grocery and certain other retail stores through mandated sale of carryout bags, and required stores to deposit bag sale proceeds into a special fund to support specified environmental projects.


2016 California Proposition 65
The Progressive Bag Alliance, a plastic bag manufacturing trade group, backed Proposition 65, but opposed Proposition 67, a referendum on Senate Bill 270, which banned plastic shopping bags. With Proposition 67's passage, SB 270 was upheld and went into effect.


2016 California Proposition 66
Proposition 66 was a California ballot proposition on the November 8, 2016, ballot to change procedures governing California state court challenges to capital punishment in California, designate superior court for initial petitions, limit successive petitions, require appointed attorneys who take noncapital appeals to accept death penalty appeals, and exempt prison officials from existing regulation process for developing execution methods.


2016 California Proposition 66
The intention of Proposition 66 was to speed up the process of capital trials and executions. Proposition 66 was approved by voters in the November general election, with 51.1% voting to speed up executions. Proposition 62, which would have abolished the death penalty in California, was rejected by voters in the same election, with 53.1% voting against it. If voters had passed both Proposition 62 and Proposition 66, then the measure with the most "Yes" votes would have taken effect.


2016 California Proposition 66
The measure was opposed by the editorial boards of the Los Angeles Times, the San Francisco Chronicle, and The Sacramento Bee.


2016 California Proposition 66, State supreme court ruling
After Prop 66 passed, former California Attorney General John Van de Kamp, along with Ron Briggs (whose father John Briggs was the sponsor of Prop 7 in 1978, which expanded capital punishment in California), challenged the measure in court. On December 20, 2016, the California Supreme Court stopped Prop 66 from going into effect pending resolution of the legal challenge.


2016 California Proposition 66, State supreme court ruling
The measure constitutionality was upheld 5–2 on August 24, 2017, though the state supreme court held that one provision requiring it to decide direct appeals of capital cases within five years was directive rather than mandatory. The court ordered that Prop 66 take effect after this decision becomes final.


2016 California Proposition 67
Proposition 67 was a California ballot proposition on the November 8, 2016 ballot. A "Yes" vote was to approve, and a "No" vote to reject, a statute that prohibits grocery and other stores from providing customers single–use plastic or paper carryout bags but permits the sale of recycled paper bags and reusable bags for a fee.


2016 California Proposition 67
Proposition 67 passed with 53% of the vote. With its passage, Senate Bill 270, which bans plastic shopping bags, was upheld and went into full effect. A related measure to allocate funds from plastic bag sales to environmental projects, Proposition 65, failed at the polls.


2016 California Proposition 67, Background, Environmental Impact
Single-use plastic shopping bags are inexpensive to produce and effective for consumer use, and thus have taken over the market. These bags hold roughly an 80 percent share of the grocery and convenience store market since their introduction. According to a 2008 estimate in Waste Management, people around the world discard between 500 billion and 1 trillion plastic bags a year.


2016 California Proposition 67, Background, Environmental Impact
The United States Environmental Protection Agency describes both the Pollution Prevention Act and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act as establishing a nationwide objective for environmental protection. In detailing the wave of communities initiating bans on single-use plastic bags, the EPA cites the following rationale for limits on single-use plastic bags:


2016 California Proposition 67, Background, Environmental Impact
Single-use plastic bags are considered to be a major contributor to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, an area in the Pacific Ocean with high concentrations of litter and floating plastic by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.


2016 California Proposition 67, Background, Environmental Impact
Plastic is produced from petroleum, natural gas, and added chemicals, using large amounts of fossil fuel in production. Additionally, when plastic bags are disposed of in landfills, chemicals from this buried plastic are released into the surrounding environment and groundwater. National Geographic states that some of these chemicals, notably phthalates and bisphenol A, have been implicated as human health problems.


2016 California Proposition 67, Background, Worldwide Legislation
Due to the environmental impact of plastic bags, numerous countries and cities around the world have implemented either taxes or bans on single-use plastic bags.


2016 California Proposition 67, Background, Worldwide Legislation
A more in-depth view at developments regarding limited use of plastic bags throughout the world can be found at Phase-out of lightweight plastic bags.


2016 California Proposition 67, Background, Methods of Reduction
While legislation throughout the United States differs, the Environmental Protection Agency notes similarities across legislation that includes strict standard for replacement bags implemented at a fee. Generally, replacement multi-use bags must be either recyclable or compostable. The bag must be built for extended use and have the ability to carry more weight than a standard, single-use bag. In many areas, plastic bag bans require retailers to charge a fee associated with providing reusable plastic bags to both cover the costs of providing heavier-duty bags and encourage consumers to provide their own bags. Multiple studies have been conducted to determine the most effective way to reduce consumer use of single-use plastic bags.


2016 California Proposition 67, Background, Methods of Reduction
Cities within the United States have implemented both bans and fees to reduce the consumption of single-use plastic bags to varying degrees of effectiveness. San Jose, California banned plastic bags and saw an 89% decrease in the quantity of plastic bags found in the city's storm drains. On the other hand, Washington DC implemented a five-cent tax on bags that has led to a 60% reduction in bag usage.


2016 California Proposition 67, Background, Methods of Reduction, Studies
Tatiana Homonoff of Princeton University uses design-based research to estimate the effectiveness policies related to plastic bag usage in the United States. She finds a large decline in plastic bag use immediately following the implementation of a five-cent tax on plastic bags. Additionally, Homonoff found that those who continued to use plastic bags used fewer bags per shopping trip following the tax. In contrast, a policy that offered consumers a five-cent bonus for reusable shopping bags had almost no effect on consumption of single-use shopping bags.


2016 California Proposition 67, Background, Methods of Reduction, Studies
This pattern is consistent with the economic model of loss aversion, and highlights the importance of financial incentives when designing policies directed to change consumer behavior. The graph to the left displays how a loss of $.05 has a larger magnitude shift to value than a gain of $.05. Consumers who are loss averse will respond better to a penalty of five cents for using a single-use plastic bag rather than five-cent reward for using a reusable bag.


2016 California Proposition 67, Background, Methods of Reduction, Studies
Sidharth Muralidharan and Kim Sheehan determine penalties for single-use plastic bag consumption are only effective in the short term and assess methods to deter plastic bag use in the long run. The authors explore consumer motivation by looking at how advertising messages framed as gains (avoiding a fee), losses (paying a tax) impact consumer behavior differently. Their findings demonstrate that a penalty framed as a tax may be more effective in motivating shoppers to bring reusable bags and to reduce consumption of single-use plastic bags.


2016 California Proposition 67, Background, Methods of Reduction, Studies
Ritch, Brennan, and MacLeod argue that there are differences between regular consumer behaviors and those considered pro-environmental, thus complicating financial incentives with social expectations. Use of reusable shopping bags instead of single-use plastic has a signaling effect from the consumer to be thoughtful and care about the environment. There is a certain amount of shame associated with using a single-use plastic bag provided general public knowledge on its problematic impact on the environment.


2016 California Proposition 67, Background, Methods of Reduction, Studies
Erkan Arı and Veysel Yılmaz study the impact of consumer attitudes on consumption of plastic bags in Turkey. The authors find that environmental consciousness and social pressure are factors in reducing consumption of plastic bags and causes for consumers to switch to reusable bags.


2016 California Proposition 67, Proposal
Per the State Constitution in California, new state laws may be placed before voters as a referendum to decide whether they will go into effect. The state law at question was Senate Bill 270, approved by the governor and filed with the Secretary of State on September 30, 2014. The bill prohibits certain stores from providing customers with plastic single-use bags, and charges $0.10 for other types of bags. These requirements apply only in areas that did not already have single-use carryout bag laws at the time. At the same time, another proposition regarding plastic grocery bags was on the ballot. Proposition 65 was an initiative to use proceeds from plastic bag sales in grocery stores to fund environmental projects in California. This initiative failed to pass, receiving 54.8% "No" votes.


2016 California Proposition 67, Proposal, Vote implications, "Yes" vote
A "Yes" vote upholds Senate Bill 270. This prohibits certain retail and grocery stores from providing free, single-use, carryout bags to customers. Single-use plastic bags will be banned, and stores may sell reusable plastic or paper bags for a minimum of $0.10 per bag. This law will only go into effect in areas without their own laws regarding single-use plastic bags.


2016 California Proposition 67, Proposal, Vote implications, "No" vote
A "No" vote rejects Senate Bill 270. Under this condition, stores in the State of California without city or county ordinances regarding single-use plastic bags will be free to continue to freely distribute such bags.


2016 California Proposition 67, Proposal, Fiscal Impact
The Official Voter Information Guide states that the passing of this measure would have relatively small fiscal effects on both the state and local governments. The measure could result in an increase of state costs to CalRecycle to ensure bag manufacturers meet new requirements. The measure may result in some cost saving to local governments in the form of reduced cleanup or waste management costs.


2016 California Proposition 67, Provisions, Prohibits Single-Use Plastic Carryout Bags
The measure prohibits grocery stores, convenience stores, pharmacies, and liquor stores from providing single-use, plastic, carryout bags. There are certain exceptions to this rule such as bags for unwrapped food products such as bulk produce or certain prescriptions.


2016 California Proposition 67, Provisions, Requires Charge for Other Carryout Bags
In addition to banning single-use plastic bags, the measure permits the sale of reusable plastic bags as a replacement to single-use bags at a minimum fee of $0.10. This fee does not apply to certain low-income customers. The revenue generated from reusable bag sales is kept by individual stores. Under the provision, stores must use proceeds to cover the costs of providing carryout bags, complying with the new measure, and efforts to educate and encourage reusable bag usage.


2016 California Proposition 67, Provisions, Creates New Standards for Reusable Carryout Bags
The measure creates new standards for the durability and material qualifications for reusable bags distributed at grocery stores, convenience stores, pharmacies, and liquor stores. The California Department of Resources Recovery is responsible for determining reusable bag requirements and ensuring bag manufacturers meet certification requirements.


2016 California Proposition 67, Support and Opposition, In Favor of Proposition 67, Arguments for Proposition 67
Those in favor of implementing Proposition 67 claim its passing will reduce litter, protect the ocean and wildlife, and reduce cleanup costs. Single-use plastic bags are one of the most common forms of litter and create environmental problems both on land and in water. An estimated 300 million plastic bags end up in the Atlantic Ocean, creating problems for sea-life. Build up of plastic bags on land lead to drainage problems resulting in floods. Plastic bags on land are slow to decompose, thus posing a continued threat to wildlife unless dealt with through human intervention and clean up.


2016 California Proposition 67, Support and Opposition, In Favor of Proposition 67, Arguments for Proposition 67
Julie Packard, Executive Director of the Monterrey Bay Aquarium states: "Plastic bags harm wildlife everyday. Sea turtles, sea otters, seals, fish, and birds are tangled by plastic bags; some mistake the bags for food, fill their stomachs with plastics and die of starvation. YES on 67 is a common-sense solution to reduce plastic in our ocean, lakes and streams, and protect wildlife."


2016 California Proposition 67, Support and Opposition, In Favor of Proposition 67, Arguments for Proposition 67
Plastic bags are hard to recycle, as there is no system implemented to successfully deal with their disposal. It is expensive to effectively recycle the type of plastics used in single-use plastic bags, as these bags can clog recycling system equipment. It is up to local governments and recycling companies to decide whether the practice of recycling single-use plastic bags is allowed.


2016 California Proposition 67, Support and Opposition, In Favor of Proposition 67, Arguments for Proposition 67
Voting "Yes" on Proposition 67 keeps in place a law passed by the California State Legislature and signed by the Governor that stops the distribution of single-use bags to consumers. Multiple cities and counties in California have similar laws implemented, and this unifies state law throughout California. At the time of the vote, 122 ordinances banning single-use plastic bags had been approved in the State of California governing 151 jurisdictions.


2016 California Proposition 67, Support and Opposition, In Favor of Proposition 67, Groups in Support of Proposition 67
Those in support of Proposition 67 highlight the environmental impacts of plastic bag usage and claim the opposition is composed of plastic bag companies from out of state. Committees formed primarily to fund and support this measure include:


2016 California Proposition 67, Support and Opposition, In Opposition of Proposition 67, Arguments Against Proposition 67
Those in favor of plastic bags claim plastic bags are both cheap and hygienic. Plastic shopping bags can be used by consumers for multiple other uses, and therefore are not single-use as they are stated to be. Additionally, the implementation of a fee on reusable bags is an unnecessary burden to consumers that will be directed towards large stores instead of environmental efforts or projects with no oversight. Grocery stores profit off of consumers who are forced to pay a $.10 fee for each bag purchased.


2016 California Proposition 67, Support and Opposition, In Opposition of Proposition 67, Arguments Against Proposition 67
Another concern regarding the ban of single-use plastic bags is the both the effectiveness and environmental impact of alternative replacements. Opponents to single-use plastic bag bans argue that multi-use bags are not environmentally friendly either. In A UK Environment Agency report on life-cycle assessment of grocery bags, the authors find that with typical consumer behavior, the pollution-minimizing solution is to obtain single-use plastic grocery bags and reuse once for secondary tasks before disposing of bags. The larger environmental impact of reusable bags paired with the consumer behavior of treating bags similar to single-use actually results in more harm than good towards the environment.


2016 California Proposition 67, Support and Opposition, In Opposition of Proposition 67, Groups in Support of Proposition 67
A number of large plastic companies support recycling plastic as opposed to a ban or reduction on its use. Committees formed primarily to fund the opposition to this measure include:


2016 California State Assembly election
The 2016 California State Assembly election was held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016, with the primary election held on June 7, 2016. Voters in the 80 districts of the California State Assembly elected their representatives. The elections coincided with the elections for other offices, including for U.S. President and the state senate.


2016 California State Assembly election
Benefiting from the large Democratic turnout due to the general election, the California Democratic Party made gains by ousting three Republican incumbents in the 60th, 65th, and 66th districts, thus regaining the two-thirds supermajority that they had lost in the previous elections.


2016 California State Senate election
The 2016 California State Senate election were held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016, with the primary election on June 7, 2016. Voters in the 20 odd-numbered districts of the California State Senate elected their representatives. The elections coincided with the elections for other offices, including for U.S. President and the state assembly.


2016 California State Senate election
Only one seat changed hands: the 29th district, which belonged to outgoing former Republican Minority Leader Bob Huff. As a result of the pickup by Democrat Josh Newman, the California Democratic Party regained a two-thirds supermajority in the chamber that it had previously lost in 2014.


2016 California Vulcans football team
The 2016 California Vulcans football team represented California University of Pennsylvania during the 2016 NCAA Division II football season.


2016 California Vulcans football team
The Vulcans recorded an 11–1 record overall and a 7–0 mark in Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference (PSAC) games. The Vulcans were PSAC West and league champions and made it to the Third Round of the NCAA Division II football championship.


2016 California elections
California state elections in 2016 were held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016, with the primary elections being held on June 7, 2016. In addition to the U.S. presidential race, California voters elected one member to the United States Senate, all of California's seats to the House of Representatives, all of the seats of the State Assembly, and all odd-numbered seats of the State Senate.


2016 California elections
Pursuant to Proposition 14 passed in 2010, California uses a nonpartisan blanket primary for almost all races, with the presidential primary races being the notable exception. Under the nonpartisan blanket primary system, all the candidates for the same elected office, regardless of respective political party, run against each other at once during the primary. The candidates receiving the most and second-most votes in the primary election then become the contestants in the general election.


2016 California elections, United States Senate
Under California's nonpartisan blanket primary law, passed as California Proposition 14 (2010), all candidates for Senate appear on the ballot, regardless of party. Members of any party may vote for any candidate, with the top two vote getters moving on to the general election. Incumbent Barbara Boxer did not seek re-election, which makes this the first open Senate seat election in 24 years in California.


2016 California elections, Propositions, June primary election
Since the passage of a law in November 2011, state primary elections may only feature propositions placed on the ballot by the state legislature.


2016 California elections, Propositions, November general election
The number of propositions in this election was significantly larger than previous elections. The increase has been attributed to the relatively low number of signatures required for ballot placement for this election. The number of signatures required for ballot placement is a percentage of the turnout in the previous election. Since the turnout in the November 2014 elections was low, the number of signatures required for ballot placement in 2016 was 365,880, whereas the typical requirement is well over half a million signatures.


2016 California wildfires
In 2016, a total of 7,349 fires had burned an area 669,534 acres (2,709.51 km2) in California, according to the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection.


2016 California wildfires
Climatologists had predicted an extreme version of El Niño, known as a Super El Niño, to occur during the winter of 2015–16. Although the Pacific Ocean’s warming water had been expected to bring strong storms to parts of the southwestern United States, actual precipitation totals generally underperformed those expectations. Early in 2016, The National Interagency Fire Center predicted that conditions from May through at least August would put much of the western United States in above-normal wildfire danger.


2016 California wildfires, Events
In June, the United States Forest Service estimated that over 26 million trees had died across 760,000 acres (310,000 ha) in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. This brought the number of dead trees to over 66 million during the past four years of drought.


2016 California wildfires, Events
On August 15, the National Interagency Fire Center showed the state leading the nation in the quantity, size and intensity of wildfires. A day later, on August 16, San Bernardino County announced that nearly 85,000 people were evacuated because of the Blue Cut Fire near Cajon Pass. Authorities arrested a 40-year-old man in connection to the Clayton Fire, and charged him with 17 counts of arson.


2016 California wildfires, Fires
Below is a list of all fires that exceeded 1,000 acres (400 ha) during the 2016 California wildfire season, as well as the fires that caused significant damage. The information is taken from CAL FIRE's list of large fires, and other sources where indicated.


2016 California wildfires, 4S Ranch brush fire
On Thursday, May 5, 2016, shortly before 3 P.M. PDT, a small brush fire ignited off the 15000 block of Dove Creek Road, in a creek bed, in 4S Ranch, San Diego County. As the fire began spreading eastward, students and staff at the nearby Oak Valley Middle School were ordered to stay indoors, though parents were allowed to pick up their children.


2016 California wildfires, 4S Ranch brush fire
However, as the fire continued to spread, evacuation orders were issued for some homes along Palomino Valley Road and Oak Valley Middle School, with the students from Oak Valley Middle School being relocated by bus to Westview High School. The sudden change caused some confusion and chaos among parents attempting to pick up their children, and drew criticism towards the last-minute evacuation plan. The brush fire quickly grew to 5 acres (0.020 km2), but within a couple of hours, the fire was contained and further growth was stopped.


2016 California wildfires, 4S Ranch brush fire
At 4:34 PM PDT, the evacuation orders for the homes on Palomino Valley Road were lifted, as the fire was brought to 90% containment. Just before 5:30 PM PDT, the brush fire was fully extinguished, and Rancho Santa Fe fire officials declared 100% containment of the fire. The fire did not cause any injuries or structural damage. The brush fire was determined to have been accidentally caused by sparks coming from a welder.


2016 Caloocan local elections
Local elections in Caloocan were held on May 9, 2016, within the Philippine general election. The voters elected for the elective local posts in the city: the mayor, vice mayor, the two Congressmen, and the councilors, six in each of the city's two legislative districts.


2016 Caloocan local elections, Background
On October 7, 2015, the current city mayor Oscar Malapitan announced that he would run again for mayor of Caloocan under the "Tao Ang Una" (People First) party. Originally, Tao ang Una was Malapitan's campaign slogan during the 2013 elections, but he formed his own political party that was approved by the COMELEC on September 18. Malapitan represented and chaired the city's United Nationalist Alliance (UNA) chapter.


2016 Caloocan local elections, Background
Tao Ang Una party was composed of city-based politicians affiliated with the Liberal Party (LP), Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (PMP) and UNA. Among them was the LP Vice Chairman for Political Affairs and District 2 Representative Edgar Erice and Vice Mayor Macario Asistio III.


2016 Caloocan local elections, Background
Malapitan, sought re-election in the elections, up against the former city mayor and District 1 Representative Recom Echiverri, who ran under the Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC). Both Malapitan and Echiverri also faced Macario "Boy" Asistio III, who served as the city mayor of Caloocan for 14 years.


2016 Cambodian League
2016 Cambodian League or 2016 Metfone Cambodian League is the 32nd season of the Cambodian League. Contested by 10 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with Cambodian Second League. Western Phnom Penh decided to merge with Cambodian Tiger, but later both team couldn't reach an agreement. The league starts from 19 February until 14 August. Phnom Penh Crown are the defending champions.


2016 Cambodian League, Foreign players
The number of foreign players is restricted to five per team. A team can use four foreign players on the field in each game, including at least one player from the AFC country.


2016 Cambodian League, Matches
Fixtures and Results of the cambodia metfone league 2016 season.


2016 Cambodian Second League
The Cambodian Second League was founded by the Football Federation of Cambodia. During the league, 9 teams compete against each other for the 2017 Cambodian League.


2016 Cambodian Second League, Rules
One team from each of the six different areas can enter the Cambodian Second League. Four teams from each of these Provinces: Western, Eastern, Northern, and Central- compete for entry. The Southern Province has five teams, and there are three teams from the Municipal Province.


2016 Cambodian Second League, Rules
The top team from each region plays in the Cambodian Second League upon qualification. The six teams that play in the Cambodian Second League are not permitted to have foreign players. Each team is required to have an even number of players under 21 years of age, and players over 21 years of age.


2016 Cambodian Second League, Rules
During the competition there is no game play off. Each team played on a single round-robin basis at the pre-selected hosts. The top two teams will play in the top leagues of the 2017 season.


2016 Cambodian Second League, Rules
The Cambodian Second League begins in early April 2016 and continues until June 2016. Games are held every Sunday.


2016 Cambodian Second League, Rules
The clubs that play in the top league have youth teams who play in Cambodian Second League, and the Football Federation of Cambodia will allow them to join the competition. However, if their youth team finished in the top two, it will not be allowed to play in the top league. Instead, it will play teams that finished 3rd or 4th in the competition.


2016 Cambodian Second League, Rules
Youth players who are members of the Under 16 Cambodia National Football Team and trained at the Bati training center are not allowed to join the competition.


2016 Cambridge City Council election
The 2016 Cambridge City Council election took place on 5 May 2016 to elect members of Cambridge City Council in England. This was on the same day as other nationwide local elections. The Labour Party grouping gained two seats from the Liberal Democrats, increasing their majority on the council from 6 to 10 seats.


2016 Camellia Bowl
The 2016 Raycom Media Camellia Bowl was a post-season American college football bowl game between the Appalachian State Mountaineers of the Sun Belt Conference and the Toledo Rockets of the Mid-American Conference (MAC). Played on December 17, 2016, at Cramton Bowl in Montgomery, Alabama, it was the third edition of the Camellia Bowl and the final matchup of the 2016 NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (Division I FBS) football season for both teams.


2016 Camellia Bowl
The Appalachian State Mountaineers, the defending Camellia Bowl champions, entered the game with a 9–3 record and a share of the Sun Belt Conference championship (split with Arkansas State). With the exception of a loss to Troy, the Mountaineers had been dominant in conference play and had 12 all-conference players, the most in the Sun Belt. The Toledo Rockets also entered the game with a 9–3 record and had finished second in the West division of the MAC. They led the MAC with seven first-team all-conference selections, and quarterback Logan Woodside ranked among the most prolific passers in the country. The Rockets entered the game as one-point favorites, and the matchup was widely expected to be competitive and among the best matchups of the bowl season. Both teams were said to be evenly matched, with Appalachian State having a superior defense and Toledo having a superior offense.


2016 Camellia Bowl
Appalachian State never trailed during the game, but both teams traded touchdowns throughout the matchup; the first, second, and third quarters all ended with the score tied. In the fourth quarter, the Mountaineers took a 31–28 lead on a 39-yard field goal; Toledo had a chance to tie the game with a 30-yard field goal in the waning minutes, but their attempt sailed wide right. Appalachian State quarterback Taylor Lamb, who combined for 245 yards in passing and rushing and two touchdowns, was named the game’s most valuable player.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Team selection
The Camellia Bowl, created in 2014 and owned by ESPN, was designed to match up a team from the Sun Belt Conference with a team from the Mid-American Conference (MAC); the two conferences, which ranked in the lower tier of Division I-Football Bowl Subdivision (Division I FBS), desired additional bowl bids. In 2016, the Sun Belt saw a record six teams selected for bowl games; although the conference only maintained tie-ins for five bowl games, the Idaho Vandals were selected for a bowl game outside of the five agreement bowls. In the MAC, six teams were selected, down from seven the year before. The Mountaineers, who had won the previous year's Camellia Bowl, were selected as the Sun Belt's representative for a second year in a row, while the Toledo Rockets were selected to represent the MAC.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Team selection
The game was ranked as one of the best bowl matchups of the year by Sports Illustrated, USA Today,  and CBS Sports. Toledo entered the Camellia Bowl as one point favorites; the game was anticipated to be close and both teams were said to be evenly matched. Although the Rockets had the 4th-ranked offense in the nation as compared to 55th for the Mountaineers, the 15th-ranked Mountaineer defense was ranked well above the 55th-ranked Rockets defense.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Team selection
Steven Lassan of Athlon Sports regarded both Toledo quarterback Logan Woodside and Appalachian State quarterback Taylor Lamb as among the best in the Group of Five, and both teams also had strong running attacks; Appalachian State running back Marcus Cox (4,960 yards) and Toledo running back Kareem Hunt (4,825 yards) were two of the NCAA's three leading active rushers.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Team selection, Appalachian State Mountaineers
The Mountaineers had finished the 2015 season, their first year of bowl eligibility following a two-year transition period from the FCS to the FBS, with an 11–2 record and a win over the Ohio Bobcats in the 2015 Camellia Bowl. Entering the 2016 season, the Mountaineers were anticipated to compete for a conference title. The Mountaineers were projected to win the Sun Belt by Athlon Sports, USA Today, and a poll of the conference's 11 head coaches. The team was returning 16 starters from the previous year; junior quarterback Taylor Lamb was selected to the preseason Davey O'Brien Award watchlist and the preseason All-Conference team along with three other Mountaineers. The head coach of Appalachian State, Scott Satterfield, was in his fourth year at the position.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Team selection, Appalachian State Mountaineers
In their first game of the season, Appalachian State nearly upset the No. 9 Tennessee Volunteers, falling 13–20 in double overtime. Although the Mountaineers would lose to Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) opponent Miami 10–45, they proved to be dominant in Sun Belt conference play. With the exception of a 24–28 loss to Troy, the Mountaineers won every other conference game by 14 points or more. The Mountaineers finished the regular season 9–3 (7–1 in conference play) and split the conference championship with Arkansas State.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Team selection, Appalachian State Mountaineers
In the year-end Sun Belt awards, sophomore running back Jalin Moore, who ran for 1,367 yards and 10 touchdowns, was named the offensive player of the year and cornerback Clifton Duck, who recorded five interceptions, was named the freshman of the year. A total of 12 Appalachian State players were named to the all-conference team, the most of any team in the conference.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Team selection, Appalachian State Mountaineers
The Mountaineer offense was led by a strong rushing attack; the team averaged 247 rushing yards per game, good for 13th in the country and best in the Sun Belt. The team had a "one-two punch" of senior running back Marcus Cox and sophomore running back Jalin Moore. Cox entered the game as the school's all-time leading rusher with 4,960 career rushing yards; he had missed four games earlier in the season, but had recorded 872 rushing yards and 8 touchdowns entering the bowl game.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Team selection, Appalachian State Mountaineers
Moore, who had appeared in all 12 of the team's games, was the team's leading rusher, recording 1,367 yards and 10 touchdowns on the season. Quarterback Taylor Lamb's passing numbers were not as high as the previous year, which Steven Lassen of Athlon Sports attributed to the Mountaineers losing three receivers from the previous year. Defense was one of the team's strengths; it ranked 15th nationally in yards allowed and in third-down conversion rate and was particularly strong against the run, allowing opposing teams only 3.9 yards per carry.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Team selection, Toledo Rockets
Toledo finished the 2015 season 10–2; the team had lost the 2015 MAC Championship Game to Western Michigan but had won the 2015 Boca Raton Bowl against No. 24 Temple. Prior to the bowl game, Toledo coach Matt Campbell had resigned to become the head coach of Iowa State; Jason Candle, the offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach for the Rockets, was appointed the team's new head coach. Thayer Evans of ESPN.com noted Candle as having been successful as an offensive coordinator and a recruiter.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Team selection, Toledo Rockets
Ahead of the 2016 season, Athlon Sports as well as a preseason poll of MAC media members projected that the Rockets would finish second in the West division behind only Western Michigan. Steven Lasssan of Athlon Sports noted Toledo's running backs and offensive line as strengths but that the team would only return four starters on defense from the previous year.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Team selection, Toledo Rockets
The Rockets finished the regular season with a 9–3 record and were 6–2 in conference play, good for second in the West division behind Western Michigan. The Rockets' only losses were a 53–55 loss to BYU, a 26–31 loss to Ohio, and a 35–55 loss to No. 24 Western Michigan in the last week of the regular season; if Toledo had beaten Western Michigan, they would have won the West division and a spot in the 2016 MAC Championship Game. At the end of the season, Toledo led all MAC teams in selections to the first-team all-conference team with seven, and its 12 players overall were second only to Western Michigan.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Team selection, Toledo Rockets
Entering the Camellia Bowl, Toledo's prolific offense ranked 4th in the country with an average of 529 yards per game and ranked 19th in points per game, averaging nearly 40. The team was led by quarterback Logan Woodside, who ranked second in the FBS in passing yards; Woodside had thrown for 3,882 yards and 42 touchdowns and had completed 69.1% of his passes. Woodside's leading receivers were Corey Jones and Cody Thompson; tight end Michael Roberts had caught 15 touchdown passes. Kareem Hunt was the leading rusher for the Rockets with 1,355 yards.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Team selection, Toledo Rockets
The team's other leading rushers were Terry Swanson, who had run for 583 yards, and Damion Jones-Moore and Art Thompkins, who both rushed for over 200 yards. On defense, the Rockets ranked 55th in the country in yards allowed, giving up an average of 394 yards per game. The team allowed 25.4 points a game on average and were led defensively by first-team All-MAC defensive end John Stepec as well as second-team All-MAC linebacker Treyvon Hester. Hester was ultimately held out of the game due to injury.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Game summary, Broadcast and game notes
The 2016 Camellia Bowl was broadcast on television by ESPN and on the radio by ESPN Radio. Eamon McAnaney, John Congemi, and Lauren Sisler served as the announcers for the television broadcast. The weather during the game was cloudy, with temperatures of 74 °F (23 °C) and wind heading south at 10 miles per hour (16 km/h). The referee, the head of the officiating team, was Ken Antee of Conference USA. Overall attendance was recorded at 20,300, down 1,095 from the year before. The game kicked off at 4:37 p.m. central time and ended at 8:00, having lasted a total of three hours and 23 minutes.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Game summary, First quarter
Appalachian State won the pregame coin toss and opted to defer to the second half; Toledo chose to receive the ball, and the ensuing kickoff was a touchback. The Rockets were held to a three-and-out and Nick Ellis punted on fourth down to Jaquil Capel of Appalachian State, who fair caught the ball at their 28-yard line. Jalin Moore began the drive with an 11-yard run; Toledo then seemingly held Appalachian State to a three-and-out but were called for pass interference, allowing the drive to continue.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Game summary, First quarter
The drive culminated in a 16-yard touchdown pass from Taylor Lamb to Deltron Hopkins, and the extra point from Michael Rubino made the score 7–0. The ensuing kickoff was a touchback. On the first play of the drive, Logan Woodside completed a 58-yard pass to Corey Jones, bringing the ball to the Appalachian State 17-yard line. Following two one-yard gains, Woodside threw a 15-yard touchdown pass to Michael Roberts, and the extra point from Jameson Vest tied the game at 7–7.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Game summary, First quarter
On the ensuing drive, Appalachian State was able to gain a first down before having to punt the ball. The Rockets started at their own 10-yard line and were held to a three-and-out. After a 59-yard punt from Ellis, Appalachian State began their drive at their 28-yard line. After a short run and an incomplete pass, Cox secured a first down on a 20-yard run. The Mountaineers closed the half with a nine-yard completion on second and eight, bringing the ball to the Toledo 40-yard line.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Game summary, Second quarter
The Mountaineer drive stalled at the Toledo 35-yard line after two short runs and an incomplete pass. The Mountaineers lined up in an offensive formation, but Lamb punted the ball 11 yards to the Toledo 24-yard line. The Rockets were again held to a three-and-out, and Ellis punted the ball to the Mountaineer 35-yard line. The Mountaineers went three-and-out on their drive, and Critcher punted the ball 49 yards. Corey Jones returned the punt 25 yards, but the return was called back due to a holding penalty. Toledo began the drive from their own 35 and again went three-and-out. The ensuing punt from Ellis went out of bounds at Appalachian State's seven-yard line.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Game summary, Second quarter
The Mountaineers responded with a 7-play, 93-yard drive culminating in a 13-yard touchdown run by Cox. The extra point made the score 14–7. Toledo returned the ensuing kickoff to the 23-yard line, where they were held to a three-and-out. Appalachian State fair caught the punt at their 28-yard line, but a personal foul penalty pushed the ball back to their 14-yard line. They went three-and-out on their next drive, and a 30-yard punt was downed at Toledo’s 49-yard line. The Rockets would score a touchdown in only two plays: a 25-yard pass from Woodside to Cody Thompson, and a 26-yard run from Kareem Hunt. The extra point tied the score at 14.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Game summary, Second quarter
The Mountaineers began their next drive at the 25-yard line with 2:45 left in the half. A 9-play, 32-yard drive followed, but Appalachian State was forced to punt after the drive stalled at the Toledo 43-yard line. Toledo fair caught the punt with 14 seconds left in the quarter and ran one play, ending the half with the score tied.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Game summary, Third quarter
Appalachian State received the ball to start the second half. After starting their drive with a 13-yard completion from Lamb to Burns, the Mountaineers stalled and were forced to punt. Toledo fair caught the punt at their own 27-yard line and were also held to a three-and-out, punting the ball to the Appalachian State 31-yard line where it was fair caught. The Mountaineers began a 10-play drive that featured two fourth down conversions, capped off with a 13-yard touchdown run from Lamb on fourth down. The extra point from Rubino gave Appalachian State a 21–14 lead with 8 minutes left in the third quarter.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Game summary, Third quarter
Toledo answered with their own touchdown drive - a 14-play, 75-yard series that ended with a four-yard touchdown pass from Woodside to Thompson. The extra point from Vest tied the score at 21, but Appalachian State kick returner Darrynton Evans returned the ensuing kickoff 94 yards for a touchdown to regain the lead for the Mountaineers. Rubino’s extra point gave them a 28–21 lead, but Toledo would again answer with a quick 5-play, 75-yard drive. Hunt capped the drive off with a one-yard touchdown run, and Vest’s extra point again evened the score at 28.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Game summary, Third quarter
On the kickoff, Evans returned the ball to the 14-yard line of Appalachian State, but a holding penalty moved the ball back to the seven-yard line. The Mountaineers would run one play, a Moore rush for no yards, before the quarter expired.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Game summary, Fourth quarter
Although Toledo seemingly held the Mountaineers to a three-and-out, a defensive offsides penalty gave the Mountaineers a second chance on third down, which they converted with a nine-yard pass from Lamb to Ike Lewis. A 13-yard pass to Cox and a 31-yard rush from Lamb moved Appalachian State to Toledo territory, and a third down run of six yards from Cox brought the ball to the Toledo 18-yard line. However, two incomplete passes and a three-yard loss pushed the Mountaineers back to the 21-yard line. A fake field goal ended in an incomplete pass, turning the ball over to Toledo with 10:11 left in the game. The Rockets were held to a three-and-out and punted the ball, which was fair caught at the Appalachian State 43-yard line.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Game summary, Fourth quarter
A 26-yard run from Cox moved the ball into Toledo territory, and a 10-yard run from Lamb on a 3rd and 11 set the Mountaineers up with a 4th and 1 at the Toledo 22-yard line. The field goal attempt from Rubino was good, giving Appalachian State a 31–28 lead with 5:14 left in the game. Corey Jones returned the ensuing kickoff to the Toledo 43-yard line. Three consecutive runs of 17, 11, and 13 yards from Hunt advanced the ball quickly into field goal range, but three more rushing attempts from Damion Jones-Moore failed to get a first down.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Game summary, Fourth quarter
After a delay of game penalty, the Rockets set up to attempt a 30-yard field goal on 4th and 7. However, Vest’s attempt sailed wide right, returning the ball to Appalachian State with 1:48 left. With only one timeout left, Toledo was unable to stop Appalachian State from running out the clock, securing a 31–28 win for the Mountaineers.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Statistical summary
Appalachian State quarterback Taylor Lamb was awarded the game's Bart Starr Most Valuable Player Award, named for Bart Starr, a native of Montgomery and a former Alabama Crimson Tide and Green Bay Packers quarterback. Lamb completed 14 of 32 passes for 119 yards and a touchdown and rushed for 126 yards and a touchdown on nine carries. Toledo quarterback Logan Woodside completed 18 of 26 passes for 247 yards and two touchdowns. The leading receivers for Toledo were Cody Thompson, who caught five passes for 99 yards and a touchdown, and Corey Jones, who caught six passes for 72 yards. The leading receiver for the Mountaineers was Ike Lewis, who caught two passes for 24 yards; eight Appalachian State players caught passes in the game.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Statistical summary
Although Toledo outpassed Appalachian State 247–119, Appalachian State outrushed Toledo 297–127 on the strength of Lamb as well as running back Marcus Cox, who rushed for 143 yards and a touchdown on 22 carries; Jalin Moore added another 35 yards on 16 carries. The leading rusher for Toledo was Kareem Hunt, who ran for 120 yards and two touchdowns on 22 carries.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Statistical summary
Toledo safety DeJuan Rogers and linebacker Tyler Taafe were the game's leading tacklers, each having recorded 12 tackles; linebacker John Law led the Mountaineers with 11 tackles. Neither team committed any turnovers in the game, and only three sacks were recorded in total (the Mountaineers recorded two while Toledo recorded one).


2016 Camellia Bowl, Aftermath
According to Sports Media Watch, the 2016 Raycom Media Camellia Bowl drew a 0.9 Nielsen rating and 1.5 million viewers, down 25% and 20% from the previous year's edition, respectively. Tom Fornelli of CBS Sports ranked it as the fifth-best bowl game of the season, saying it "definitely lived up to" its potential, and Ted Miller of ESPN ranked it as the seventh-best bowl of the year. As a result of the game, Appalachian State improved their record to 10–3 while Toledo's record dropped to 9–4. Appalachian State became the first team to win two consecutive bowls following a transition from the FCS to the FBS.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Aftermath
Darrynton Evans, who returned a kickoff for a touchdown in the game, was named to the Sports Illustrated and Associated Press All-Bowl teams as the returner. With his 120-yard rushing performance, Kareem Hunt became the all-time leading rusher for Toledo with 4,945 yards; for the Mountaineers, Marcus Cox also secured his fourth consecutive 1,000 yard season. Cox became the 9th FBS player to have four 1,000 yard rushing seasons and the 22nd to record over 5,000 career rushing yards. In 2019, Cox and Hunt were both named by the Football Bowl Association as being among the 150 greatest bowl game players of all time.


2016 Camellia Bowl, Aftermath
In the 2017 NFL Draft, three Toledo players (Hunt, Michael Roberts, and Treyvon Hester) were drafted; Hunt and Roberts had played in the game, while Hester had been held out due to injury.


2016 Campbell Fighting Camels football team
The 2016 Campbell Fighting Camels football team represented Campbell University in the 2016 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by fourth-year head coach Mike Minter and played their home games at Barker–Lane Stadium. They were members of the Pioneer Football League. They finished the season 5–5, 3–4 in PFL play to finish in sixth place.


2016 Campeonato Baiano
The 2016 Campeonato Baiano is the 112th edition of Bahia's top professional football league. The competition began on 30 January 2016. Bahia are the defending champions having won their 46th title.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A
The 2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A was the 60th season of the Série A, the top level of professional football in Brazil, and the 13th edition in a double round-robin since its establishment in 2003. The season began on 15 May 2016 and ended on 11 December 2016. Fixtures for the 2016 season were announced on 25 April 2016. Palmeiras won the title, their ninth overall.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, Format and results
For the fourteenth consecutive season, the tournament was played in a double round-robin system. The team with most points at the end of the season was declared champion. The bottom four teams were relegated and will play in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B in the 2017 season.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, Format and results
Atlético Mineiro and Chapecoense did not play their last match due to the accident involving 71 deaths (including 19 Chapecoense players) on 28 November 2016. Due to a lack of squad depth, both teams decided to forfeit the game resulting in Chapecoense finishing 11th and Atlético Mineiro finishing 4th. Match officials declared a double W.O., as CBF refused to cancel the match.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, Format and results, International qualification
The Série A served as a qualifier to CONMEBOL's 2017 Copa Libertadores. The top-three teams in the standings qualified to the Second Stage of the competition, while from the fourth to sixth place in the standings qualified to the First Stage.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, Format and results, International qualification
And this change also impacts on the Copa Sudamericana, whose vacancies are again to be distributed in the stockmarket enot more by Copa do Brasil.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, Format and results, Tiebreakers
In case of a tie on points between two or more clubs, tiebreakers are applied in the following order:


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, Format and results, Tiebreakers
With respect to the fourth criterion (direct confrontation), it is considered the result of the combined game, or the result of 180 minutes. Staying tie, the tie will be made by the greatest number of goals scored in the opponent's field. The fourth criterion is not considered in the case of a tie between more than two clubs.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, Teams
Twenty teams competed in the league – the top sixteen teams from the previous season, as well as four teams promoted from the Série B.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, Teams
Botafogo became the first club to be promoted after a 1–0 win against Luverdense on 10 November 2015 meant they were guaranteed an automatic place. They returned to the League after only a season's absence. Vitória became the second club to be promoted, after a 3-0 win with Luverdense. They returned to the League after only a season's absence. Santa Cruz became the third club to be promoted, after 3-0 win with Mogi Mirim. They played the Brasileirão for the first time since the 2006 season. América Mineiro became the fourth and final club to be promoted, following a 1–1 draw over Ceará meant they finished above them on points difference and secured the automatic spot.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, Teams
The four promoted clubs replaced Avaí, Vasco da Gama, Goiás and Joinville. At the end of the season, for the third consecutive year, Rio de Janeiro did not have its four representatives in the first division, largely due to the inconsistent performance of Vasco da Gama and Botafogo, who alternated in relegation in recent seasons.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, Teams, Stadia and locations
The three clubs based in Rio de Janeiro, Botafogo, Flamengo and Fluminense weren't able to play their home matches in Maracanã or Engenhão Stadiums due to the preparation of these venues for the Olympic Games that were held in the city in August. The clubs used other stadiums for their home matches. Other stadiums used include Arena das Dunas, Arena Fonte Nova, Arena Pernambuco, Kléber Andrade, Mané Garrincha, Mário Helênio, Pacaembu, and Raulino de Oliveira.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, Teams, Foreign players
The clubs can have a maximum of five foreign players in their Campeonato Brasileiro squads.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, Awards, Team of the Year
Coach of the Year: Cuca (PAL)Bola de Ouro (Golden Ball): Gabriel Jesus (PAL)Serie A Best Newcomer: Vitor Bueno (SAN)Craque do Campeonato (Player of the Year): Gabriel Jesus (PAL)Craque da Galera: Danilo (CHA)Gol Mais Bonito (Best Goal): Zé Roberto (PAL)


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B
The Serie B of the Brazilian Championship 2016 was a football competition held in Brazil, equivalent to the second division. It was contested by 20 clubs. The top four teams will were promoted to Série A in 2017 and the bottom four were relegated to Série C in 2017.The games had a break during the 2016 Olympics, which was held between July and August in Brazil. The competition had nineteen rounds played before the stoppage.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B, Teams
20 teams participated in the 2016 edition: the 12 teams from 5th to 16th of the previous (2015) edition of Série B, 4 relegated from 2015 Série A and 4 promoted from 2015 Série C.Teams in red left the competition this season (either due to a promotion or a relegation). Teams in green joined the competition this season (either due to a promotion or a relegation).


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C
The Serie C of the Brazilian Championship 2016 is a football competition being held in Brazil, equivalent to the third division. It is being contested by 20 clubs in two geographic groups.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C, Final Stage
The final stage consists of three rounds of two-legged knock-out ties. In the quarter final, the team ranked 1st in Group A will play the team ranked 4th in Group B and so on.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C, Final Stage, Bracket
Team shown first in each tie has home advantage in the 2nd leg.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D
The 2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, the fourth level of the Brazilian League, was contested by 68 clubs. The competition started on 12 June and is ended on 1 October. The four teams in the semifinals, CSA, Moto Club, São Bento and Volta Redonda were promoted to the 2017 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, Competition format
In the first stage, 68 teams were divided into seventeen groups of four, organized regionally. The teams played home and away against the other three teams in their group, a total of six games. The winner of each group plus the best 15 runners-up qualified for the second stage. From the second stage on the competition was played as a knock-out tournament. The four semi-finalists qualified for the 2017 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C. The winners of the semifinals played the final over two legs to determine the champion.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, Second stage
The Second stage was a two-legged knockout tie, with the draw regionalised.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, Second stage, Qualification and draw
The 32 qualifiers (17 group winners and 15 best performing group runners-up) were divided into two pots. Pot 1 contained the 16 best performing group winners. Pot 2 contained the worst performing group winner and the 15 qualifying group runners-up. In pot 1 the teams were numbered 1 to 16 in numerical order of the group they qualified from. In pot 2 the teams were numbered 17 to 32 in numerical order of the group they qualified from. In the case that one of the qualifying runners-up was from the same group as the worst performing group winner, both teams would be in pot 2 and the group winner would be numbered lower in sequence than the group runner-up.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, Second stage, Qualification and draw
To keep the draw regionalised Team 1 would play Team 18, Team 2 would play Team 17 and this pattern was repeated throughout the draw. The higher numbered team would play at home in the first leg.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, Second stage, Qualification and draw, Ranking of group winners
Ranking of group winners to determine the worst performing team to be placed into pot 2 was achieved by comparing 1) Points gained 2) Most victories 3) Best goal difference 4) Most goals scored 5) Sort.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, Second stage, Qualification and draw, Ranking of group runners-up
Ranking of group runners-up to determine the 15 best performing teams to be placed into pot 2 was achieved by comparing 1) Points gained 2) Most victories 3) Best goal difference 4) Most goals scored 5) Sort.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, Third stage
The third stage was also a two-legged knockout tie, with the draw regionalised. The ties were predetermined from the second stage, with the winner of second stage tie 1 playing the winner of second stage tie 2, etc.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, Third stage, Ties
First team in the draw has home advantage in the second leg.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, Final stage
The final stage was a two leg knockout competition with quarter-final, semi-final and final rounds. The draw for the quarter final was seeded based on the table of results of all matches in the competition for the qualifying teams. First would play eighth, second would play seventh, etc. The top four seeded teams would play the second leg at home. The four quarter-final winners were promoted to Série C for 2017.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, Final stage
The draw for the semi final was seeded based on the table of results of all matches in the competition for the qualifying teams. First would play fourth, second would play third. The top two seeded teams would play the second leg at home.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, Final stage
In the final, the team with the best record in the competition would play the second leg at home.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, Final stage, Quarter final ties
First team in the draw had home advantage in the second leg.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, Final stage, Semi finals ties
First team in the draw had home advantage in the second leg.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, Final stage, Final
First team in the draw had home advantage in the second leg.


2016 Campeonato Brasileiro de Turismo season
The 2016 Agua da Serra Campeonato Brasileiro de Turismo (Brazilian Touring Championship), also known as Stock Car Brasil Light, is the fourth season of the Campeonato Brasileiro de Turismo, a second-tier series to Stock Car Brasil.


2016 Campeonato Carioca
The 2016 Campeonato Carioca de Futebol was the 113th edition of the top tier football of FFERJ (Federação de Futebol do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, or Rio de Janeiro State Football Federation). The top four teams competed in 2017 Copa do Brasil.


2016 Campeonato Carioca
On 4 August 2015, the arbitral tribunal decided to dispute this edition, which would differ from previous editions. Also, 2016 Summer Olympics preparations of the Maracanã Stadium and Estádio Olímpico João Havelange made them unavailable except for the finals. Matches were moved to large stadiums in other cities.


2016 Campeonato Carioca, League tables
The sixteen sides were split into two groups of eight, with the top four from both groups advancing to the promotion stage (Taça Guanabara) and the bottom four from both groups advancing to the relegation stage (Taça Rio).


2016 Campeonato Carioca, Awards, Team of the year
The Young Player of the Year was awarded to Ribamar.


2016 Campeonato Catarinense
The 2016 Campeonato Catarinense is the 93rd season of Santa Catarina's top professional football league. The competition began in January and will end in May.


2016 Campeonato Cearense
The 2016 Campeonato Cearense de Futebol was the 102nd season of top professional football league in the state of Ceará, Brazil. The competition began in January and will end in May.


2016 Campeonato Cearense, Format
The ten teams are split in two groups, who play a double round robin against teams in the same group. The three best in each group advance to the second stage, while the two worst from each group are put in the loser's group.


2016 Campeonato Cearense, Format
In the loser's group, the four teams play against each other in a double round-robin, and the two worst are relegated.


2016 Campeonato Cearense, Format
In the second stage, the six teams are split in two groups, who play against the other teams in the same group twice. The two best in each group advance to the final stage.


2016 Campeonato Cearense, Format
The final stage are playoffs, where the teams are seeded by their performance in the whole championship.


2016 Campeonato Gaúcho
The 2016 Campeonato da Primeira Divisão de Futebol Profissional da FGF (2016 FGF First Division Professional Football Championship), better known as the 2015 Campeonato Gaúcho or  Gaúcho, was the 96th edition of the top flight football league of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. The season began in January and ends in May.


2016 Campeonato Goiano
The 2016 Campeonato Goiano was the 73rd season of Goiás' top professional football league. The season began on 30 January, and will conclude in May.


2016 Campeonato Internacional de Tenis de Santos
The 2016 Campeonato Internacional de Tenis de Santos was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the sixth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2016 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Santos, Brazil between 19 and 25 September 2016.


2016 Campeonato Internacional de Tenis de Santos, Singles main draw entrants, Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:


2016 Campeonato Internacional de Tenis de Santos, Singles main draw entrants, Other entrants
The following players received entry into the singles main draw with a protected ranking:


2016 Campeonato Internacional de Tenis de Santos – Doubles
Máximo González and Roberto Maytín were the defending champions but only González chose to defend his title, partnering Sergio Galdós. González successfully defended his title, defeating Rogério Dutra Silva and Fabrício Neis 6–3, 5–7, [14–12] in the final.


2016 Campeonato Internacional de Tenis de Santos – Singles
Blaž Rola was the defending champion but chose not to defend his title.


2016 Campeonato Internacional de Tenis de Santos – Singles
Renzo Olivo won the title after defeating Thiago Monteiro 6–4, 7–6(7–5) in the final.


2016 Campeonato Internacional de Tênis de Campinas
The 2016 Campeonato Internacional de Tênis de Campinas was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the sixth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2016 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Campinas, Brazil between 3 and 9 October 2016.


2016 Campeonato Internacional de Tênis de Campinas, Singles main draw entrants, Other Entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:


2016 Campeonato Internacional de Tênis de Campinas – Doubles
Andrés Molteni and Hans Podlipnik were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.


2016 Campeonato Internacional de Tênis de Campinas – Doubles
Federico Coria and Tomás Lipovsek Puches won the title after defeating Sergio Galdós and Máximo González 7–5, 6–2 in the final.


2016 Campeonato Internacional de Tênis de Campinas – Singles
Facundo Argüello was the defending champion but chose not to defend his title.


2016 Campeonato Internacional de Tênis de Campinas – Singles
Facundo Bagnis won the title after Carlos Berlocq retired trailing 7–5, 2–6, 0–3 in the final.


2016 Campeonato Mato-Grossense
The 2016 Campeonato Mato-Grossense is the 74th season of the Mato Grosso's top professional football league. The competition began on 30 January 2016.


2016 Campeonato Mato-Grossense, Teams
A total of eleven sides compete in the 2016 season. They were split into two groups, (A and B, 6 sides and 5 sides respectively). The top four sides from both groups will qualify for the second phase. The bottom side in Group A will be relegated to the Campeonato Mat-Grossense (lower levels).


2016 Campeonato Mineiro
The 2016 Campeonato Mineiro was the 102nd season of Mineiro's top professional football league. The competition began on January 31 and will end in May.


2016 Campeonato Nacional da Guiné-Bissau
The 2016 Campeonato Nacional da Guiné-Bissau season is the top level of football competition in Guinea-Bissau. It began on 16 January 2016. The season was suspended after seven rounds and eventually cancelled for financial reasons on May 6 2016.


2016 Campeonato Nacional de Fútbol de Cuba
The 2016 Campeonato Nacional de Fútbol de Cuba was the 105th season of the competition. The season began on 6 February 2016 and concluded on 18 June 2016. The league was won by Villa Clara, who claimed their 14th Cuban league title, and their first since 2013. Villa Clara and runners-up, Guantánamo earned berths into the 2017 CFU Club Championship as league winners and runners-up, however, it does not necessarily mean they will participate.


2016 Campeonato Nacional de Velocidade Turismos
The 2016 Campeonato Nacional de Velocidade Turismos is the second season of the TCR Portuguese Series. Starting from this season, the championship will run separate from the GT Class of the championship (that will form che Endurance Class) organised by FullEventos. As for the Italian series, TCR cars will be placed side by side with TCS, also with the addition of a trophy cars category (TCC class).


2016 Campeonato Nacional de Velocidade Turismos, Calendar and results
The 2016 schedule was announced on 3 December 2015, with one out of five events scheduled to be held in Spain. A reserve round was scheduled at Autódromo do Estoril for 27 November. The race format is divided into Sprint and Double Sprint: the first one contemplates two 25-minute-long races, the second one is formed by four 20-minute-long races. By early April, the Estoril round was moved from 17–18 September to the reserve date.


2016 Campeonato Nacional de Velocidade Turismos, Championship standings, Drivers' Championship
† – Drivers did not finish the race, but were classified as they completed over 75% of the race distance.


2016 Campeonato Paraense
The 2016 Campeonato Paraense de Futebol was the 104th edition of Pará's top professional football league. The competition started on 30 January and ended on 8 May. Paysandu won the championship for the 46th time.


2016 Campeonato Paraense, Format
The clubs play each other within their group, with two from each group qualifying for the semi-finals of the first round. In the second round the clubs play against clubs from the other group, with two from each group qualifying for the semi-finals of the second round. If each stage has a separate winner there will be a match between the winners of each round to see who will be the champion.


2016 Campeonato Paraense, Format
The champion qualify to the 2017 Copa Verde. The champion, the runner-up and the 3rd-placed team qualify to the 2017 Copa do Brasil. The best team who isn't on Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, Série B or Série C qualifies to Série D.


2016 Campeonato Paraense Final
The 2016 Campeonato Paraense Final was the final that decided the 2016 Campeonato Paraense, the 104th season of the Campeonato Paraense. The final were contested between Paysandu and São Francisco.


2016 Campeonato Paraense Final
Paysandu defeated São Francisco 2–1 to win their 46th Campeonato Paraense title.


2016 Campeonato Paraense Final, Match, Details
Assistant referees:Hélcio Araújo Neves (Pará)José Ricardo Guimarães Coimbra (Pará)Fourth official:Gustavo Ramos Melo (Pará)Fifth official:Djonaltan Costa Araújo (Pará)


2016 Campeonato Paraibano
The 2016 Campeonato Paraibano de Futebol was the 106th edition of Paraíba's top professional football league. The competition began on 30 January and ended on 15 June. Campinense were champions, for the 20th time.


2016 Campeonato Paraibano, Format
In the first stage, the ten teams were split into two groups. Each team played all the teams from the other group, home and away, for a total of ten games.


2016 Campeonato Paraibano, Format
In the second stage, the top three teams from each group played off in a single round over two legs. The draw was pre–determined based on finishing positions in the first stage. The bottom two teams from each group played each other home and away, for a total of six games, with the bottom two teams in this phase relegated to the second division.


2016 Campeonato Paraibano, Format
In the final stage, the three winning teams in the second stage, along with the eliminated team with the best overall record in the competition, played the Semi Final over two legs, and the winners played the final over two legs.


2016 Campeonato Paraibano, Format, Qualification
The champions qualify to participate in the 2017 Copa do Brasil. The two best placed teams (other than Botafogo-PB) qualify to participate in the 2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D and 2017 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D. The two finalists qualify to participate in the 2017 Copa do Nordeste.


2016 Campeonato Paraibano, Second stage
The top three teams from each group in the first stage play each other over two legs. In each tie, the better performing team will have home advantage in the second leg.


2016 Campeonato Paraibano, Second stage
The first legs will be played on 10 April 2016, the second legs on 24 April 2016.


2016 Campeonato Paraibano, Relegation stage
The bottom two teams from each group in the first stage play in league tournament, home and away, with the two worst performing teams being relegated to the Second Division.


2016 Campeonato Paraibano, Final stage
In each tie, the team which has the best record so far in the competition has home advantage in the second leg. Sousa qualified as the  "lucky loser" for being losing team in the second stage with the best overall record in the competition.


2016 Campeonato Paraibano, Final stage
Semi Final first leg games were scheduled to take place on 1 May and 8 May 2016, with Second leg games scheduled to take place on 8 and 11 May 2016. However, an injunction filed by Treze at the Superior Tribunal de Justiça Desportiva (STJD) the Superior Court of Sports Justice, caused the first leg of the game between Campinense and CSP to be postponed until after a hearing at the Tribunal de Justiça Desportiva da Paraíba (TJD-PB) (Sports Court of Paraíba) on 11 May.


2016 Campeonato Paranaense
The 2016 Campeonato Paranaense was the 101st season of Paraná's top professional football league. The competition began on January 30 and ends in May.


2016 Campeonato Paranaense, Format
The tournament consists of a double round-robin format, in which all twelve teams play each other twice.


2016 Campeonato Paranaense, Format
The top eight sides after all games have been played will advance to the final stages.


2016 Campeonato Paulista
The 2016 Campeonato Paulista de Futebol Profissional da Primeira Divisão - Série A1 was the 115th season of São Paulo's top professional football league.


2016 Campeonato Paulista, Format, Tiebreakers
The teams are ranked according to points (3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, 0 points for a loss). If two or more teams are equal on points on completion of the group matches, the following criteria are applied to determine the rankings:


2016 Campeonato Paulista, First stage
Group winners and runners-up advance to the quarter-finals. Six bottom teams (independent of group) are relegated.


2016 Campeonato Paulista, Knockout stage, Bracket
Note: Semifinal bracket depend on general table: 1 vs 4 ; 2 vs 3


2016 Campeonato Paulista, Awards, Team of the year
The Player of the Year was awarded to Lucas Lima.


2016 Campeonato Paulista, Awards, Team of the year
The Young Player of the Year was awarded to Tchê Tchê.


2016 Campeonato Paulista, Awards, Team of the year
The Countryside Best Player of the Year was awarded to Roger.


2016 Campeonato Paulista, Awards, Team of the year
The top scorer of the season was Roger, who scored 11 goals.


2016 Campeonato Paulista knockout stage
The knockout stage of the 2016 Campeonato Paulista began on 16 April with the quarter-final and was concluded on 8 May 2016 with the final. A total of eight teams competed in the knockout stage, with Santos being crowned champions after a 2–1 aggregate win against Audax.


2016 Campeonato Paulista knockout stage, Round and draw dates
All draws held at Federação Paulista de Futebol headquarters in São Paulo, Brazil.


2016 Campeonato Paulista knockout stage, Format
With the exception of the final, which is played over two legs, each tie is played over a single leg, with the team with the best placing in the general table playing at home. The quarterfinals are played between the winners and runners-up of each group. In the semifinals the best team (first) will face the team with the worst campaign (fourth), while the second will face the team with the third best campaign.


2016 Campeonato Pernambucano
The 2016 Campeonato Pernambucano (officially the 2016 Campeonato Pernambucano Celpe A1 for sponsorship reasons) was the 102nd edition of the state championship of Pernambuco. The championship began on January 10 and ended on May 8. Twelve teams were competing, ten returning from the 2015 and two promoted from the 2015 Pernambucano U-23 Championship (Belo Jardim and Vitória das Tabocas). Santa Cruz, the defending champions,  won the finals against Sport 1–0 on aggregate.


2016 Campeonato Pernambucano, Tiebreakers
The teams are ranked according to points (3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, 0 points for a loss). If two or more teams are equal on points on completion of the group matches, the following criteria are applied to determine the rankings:


2016 Campeonato Pernambucano, First stage, Group B
Central, América and Serra Talhada qualified for 2016 Série D and 2017 Série D. Serra Talhada played the 2016 Série D but they declined to participate in the 2017 Série D. Their berth was used by Group A runners-up Atlético Pernambucano.


2016 Campeonato Pernambucano, Play-offs, Semifinals, Semifinal 1
Santa Cruz won 5–2 on aggregate and advanced to the Finals. Santa Cruz qualified for 2017 Copa do Brasil and 2017 Copa do Nordeste.


2016 Campeonato Pernambucano, Play-offs, Semifinals, Semifinal 2
Tied 1–1 on aggregate, Sport won on penalties and advanced to the Finals. Sport qualified for 2017 Copa do Brasil and 2017 Copa do Nordeste.


2016 Campeonato Pernambucano, Play-offs, Third place matches
Náutico won 4–0 on aggregate. Náutico qualified for 2017 Copa do Brasil and 2017 Copa do Nordeste. Since Santa Cruz qualified for 2017 Copa do Brasil round of 16 as 2016 Copa do Nordeste champions, Salgueiro also qualified for 2017 Copa do Brasil.


2016 Campeonato Sul-Mato-Grossense
The 2016 Campeonato Sul-Mato-Grossense was the 38th season of Mato Grosso do Sul's top professional football league. The competition began on January 31 and ends in May.


2016 Campeonato Sul-Mato-Grossense, Format
The two teams last placed in the first stage are relegated to Campeonato Sul-Mato Grossense (lower levels).


2016 Campeonato da 1ª Divisão do Futebol
The 2016 Liga de Elite began on 15 January 2016 and ended on 12 June 2016.