2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Pseudosuchians, New taxa
A paralligatorid neosuchian crocodylomorph. The type species is Wannchampsus kirpachi.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Non-avian dinosaurs, New taxa
A stegosaur. The type species is Amargastegos brevicollus. According to Galton and Carpenter (2016) it did not meet the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Non-avian dinosaurs, New taxa
A basal thyreophoran. The type species is Andhrasaurus indicus. According to Galton and Carpenter (2016) it did not meet the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Non-avian dinosaurs, New taxa
A basal member of Neoceratopsia. The type species is Aquilops americanus.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Non-avian dinosaurs, New taxa
A theropod dinosaur; originally described as a basal ceratosaurian, but subsequently reinterpreted as a spinosaurid. The type species is Camarillasaurus cirugedae.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Non-avian dinosaurs, New taxa
A microraptorine dromaeosaurid theropod. The type species is Changyuraptor yangi.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Non-avian dinosaurs, New taxa
A huayangosaurid, a species of Chungkingosaurus. According to Galton and Carpenter (2016) it did not meet the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Non-avian dinosaurs, New taxa
A stegosaur; a new genus for "Omosaurus" vetustus von Huene (1910). According to Galton and Carpenter (2016) it did not meet the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Non-avian dinosaurs, New taxa
A stegosaur. According to Galton and Carpenter (2016) it did not meet the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Non-avian dinosaurs, New taxa
A non-hadrosaurid hadrosauroid; a new genus for "Probactrosaurus" mazongshanensis Lü (1997).


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Non-avian dinosaurs, New taxa
A diplodocine diplodocid sauropod. The type species is Leinkupal laticauda.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Non-avian dinosaurs, New taxa
A stegosaurid; a new genus for "Stegosaurus" longispinus Gilmore (1914). According to Galton and Carpenter (2016) it did not meet the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature; Galton and Carpenter made "S." longispinus the type species of a new genus Alcovasaurus.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Non-avian dinosaurs, New taxa
A titanosaur sauropod related to Mendozasaurus and Futalognkosaurus. The type species is Quetecsaurus rusconii.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Non-avian dinosaurs, New taxa
A stegosaur. The type species is Saldamosaurus tuvensis. According to Galton and Carpenter (2016) it did not meet the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Non-avian dinosaurs, New taxa
A basal thyreophoran, a species of Scelidosaurus. According to Galton and Carpenter (2016) it did not meet the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Non-avian dinosaurs, New taxa
A stegosaur. The type species is Siamodracon altispinus. According to Galton and Carpenter (2016) it did not meet the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Non-avian dinosaurs, New taxa
A basal thyreophoran. The type species is Sinopeltosaurus minimus. According to Galton and Carpenter (2016) it did not meet the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Non-avian dinosaurs, New taxa
A titanosauriform sauropod, a member of Somphospondyli. The type species is Tambatitanis amicitiae.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Non-avian dinosaurs, New taxa
A stegosaur, a species of Wuerhosaurus. According to Galton and Carpenter (2016) it did not meet the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Non-avian dinosaurs, New taxa
A member of Ankylosauridae. The type species is Zaraapelta nomadis.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Non-avian dinosaurs, New taxa
A non-hadrosaurid hadrosauroid ornithopod. The type species is Zhanghenglong yangchengensis.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Birds, New taxa
A member of the Rallidae. The type species of the new genus.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Birds, New taxa
A member of the Sturnidae, it is the type species of the new genus.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Birds, New taxa
A member of the Enantiornithes, it is the type species of the new genus.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Birds, New taxa
Aves incertae sedis. it is the type species of the new genus.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Birds, New taxa
A member of Enantiornithes Walker, 1981. This is the type species of the new genus.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Birds, New taxa
An early member of Ornithuromorpha Chiappe, 2002, a species of Gansus.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Birds, New taxa
A member of the Anseriformes, this is the type species of the new genus.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Birds, New taxa
A stone-curlew, Burhinidae, this is the type species of the new genus.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Birds, New taxa
An Idiornithid, Idiornithidae Cariamiformes, possibly a species of Ibidopodia Milne-Edwards, 1868.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Birds, New taxa
A basal member of the Ornithuromorpha Chiappe, 2002. This is the type species of the new genus.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Birds, New taxa
A member of Avialae Gauthier, 1986, a species of Jeholornis Zhou et Zhang, 2002.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Birds, New taxa
A member of Enantiornithes Walker, 1981 related to Bohaiornis. This is the type species of new genus.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Birds, New taxa
A member of the Anatidae related to the smew, a species of Mergellus.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Birds, New taxa
A New Zealand parrot belonging to the family Nestoridae Bonaparte, 1849, a species of Nestor.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Birds, New taxa
A jacana, Jacanidae, possibly a species of Nupharanassa Rasmussen, Olson et Simons, 1987.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Birds, New taxa
A member of Enantiornithes Walker, 1981 related to Bohaiornis. The type species of the new genus, placed in the family Bohaiornithidae Wang, Zhou, O’Connor et Zelenkov, 2014 with de genera Shenqiornis Wang, O’Connor, Zhao, Chiappe, Gao et Cheng, 2010, Sulcavis O’Connor, Zhang, Chiappe, Meng, Quanguo et Di, 2013, Zhouornis Zhang, Chiappe, Han et Chinsamy, 2013, Longusunguis Wang, Zhou, O’Connor et Zelenkov, 2014 and Bohaiornis Hu, Hou L. H. et Xu, 2011.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Birds, New taxa
A member of Enantiornithes Walker, 1981. The type species of the new genus.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Birds, New taxa
A member of the Pelagornithidae Fürbringer, 1888, a species of Pelagornis Lartet, 1857; the bird with the biggest wingspan known up to now.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Birds, New taxa
A basal member of the Ornithuromorpha Chiappe, 2002. This is the type species the new genus.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Birds, New taxa
A member of the Diomedeidae, a new name for "Chenornis" graculoides Portis 1884, creating a Comb. nov.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Birds, New taxa
A relative of the hoatzin, Opisthocomidae. This is the type species of the new genus.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Birds, New taxa
Galliformes incertae sedis. This is the type species of the new genus.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Birds, New taxa
A member of the Hongshanornithidae, the type species of the new genus.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Pterosaurs, New taxa
A member of Pterodactyloidea related to Gladocephaloideus, Cycnorhamphus, Ardeadactylus and Aurorazhdarcho; a new genus for "Pterodactylus" scolopaciceps Meyer (1860).


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Pterosaurs, New taxa
A member of Pteranodontoidea of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Hamipterus tianshanensis.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Pterosaurs, New taxa
A non-anhanguerian pteranodontoid. The type species is Ikrandraco avatar. Announced in 2014; the correction including evidence of registration in ZooBank within the work itself was published in 2020.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Pterosaurs, New taxa
An early member of Pterodactyloidea. The type species is Kryptodrakon progenitor.


2014 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Pterosaurs, New taxa
A member of Anhangueridae. The type species is Maaradactylus kellneri.


2014 in paleontology, Other reptiles
A marine reptile, probably a relative of sauropterygians. The type species is Atopodentatus unicus.


2014 in paleontology, Other reptiles
A marine diapsid reptile of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Horaffia kugleri.


2014 in paleontology, Synapsids, Non-mammalian synapsids, New taxa
A dicynodont of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Abajudon kaayai.


2014 in paleontology, Synapsids, Non-mammalian synapsids, New taxa
A member of Caseidae . The type species is Eocasea martini.


2014 in paleontology, Synapsids, Non-mammalian synapsids, New taxa
A kannemeyeriiform dicynodont . The type species is Sungeodon kimkraemerae.


2014 in paleontology, Other animals
An ascaridid nematode found in a cynodont coprolite, a species of Ascarites.


2014 in paleontology, Other animals
A member of Hyolitha. The type species is "Hyolithes" attenuatus Walcott (1890).


2014 in paleontology, Other animals
A demosponge belonging to the order Agelasida and the family Preperonidellidae.


2014 in paleontology, Other animals
A demosponge belonging to the family Anthaspidellidae. The type species is B. dispersa.


2014 in paleontology, Other animals
A sclerite of an animal of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is B. simplex.


2014 in paleontology, Other animals
An animal of uncertain phylogenetic placement with a cap-shaped shell. The type species is Cambroskiadeion xiaowanense.


2014 in paleontology, Other animals
A sclerite of an animal of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is C. qianyii.


2014 in paleontology, Other animals
A member of Cornulitida (a group of animals of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly molluscs), a species of Conchicolites.


2014 in paleontology, Other animals
A terebellid polychaete. Genus contains two species: Eklexibella buttenheimensis and Eklexibella johanni.


2014 in paleontology, Other animals
An animal of uncertain phylogenetic placement; it might be a megacheiran arthropod or an annelid. The type species is Enalikter aphson.


2014 in paleontology, Other animals
A member of Priapulida. The type species is Eximipriapulus globocaudatus.


2014 in paleontology, Other animals
A member of Hyolitha belonging to the family Angusticornidae. The type species is "Hyolithes" gallatinensis Resser (1938); genus also includes "Hyolithes" prolixus Resser (1939).


2014 in paleontology, Other animals
An astylospongiid streptosclerophorid demosponge. The type species is Lindstroemispongia cylindrata.


2014 in paleontology, Other animals
A member of Anomalocarididae (a group of animals with uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly stem-arthropods). The type species is Lyrarapax unguispinus.


2014 in paleontology, Other animals
A member of Vetulicolida. The type species is Nesonektris aldridgei.


2014 in paleontology, Other animals
An animal of uncertain phylogenetic placement; a member of Chancelloriida or a chancelloriid-like animal. The type species is Nidelric pugio.


2014 in paleontology, Other animals
A graptolite belonging to the family Dichograptidae. A new genus for "Didymograptus" liber Monsen (1937); genus also includes "Didymograptus" enshiensis Ni in Mu et al. (1979).


2014 in paleontology, Other animals
A member of Halkieriidae (a group of animals of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly molluscs), a species of Oikozetetes.


2014 in paleontology, Other animals
A demosponge, possibly a member of the group Hadromerida; a species of Opetionella.


2014 in paleontology, Other animals
A heteroxynematid oxyurid nematode known from an egg found in a cynodont coprolite. The type species is Paleoxyuris cockburni.


2014 in paleontology, Other animals
A streptosolenid orchocladine demosponge. A new genus for "Perissocoelia" spinosa Rigby & Chatterton (1989); genus also contains new species Postperissocoelia gnisvardensis.


2014 in paleontology, Other animals
A glass sponge, possibly a member of Lyssacinosida. The type species is Urphaenomenospongia euplectelloides.


2014 in paleontology, Other animals
An animal of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a species of Wiwaxia.


2014 in paleontology, Other animals
A member of Lophophorata of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Yuganotheca elegans.


2014 in paleontology, Other organisms
A multicellular alga of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species E. deepspringensis.


2014 in paleontology, Other organisms
A red alga, a relative of Palaeoaplysina. Genus includes new species E. daviesi.


2014 in paleontology, Other organisms
A fungus described on the basis of a reproductive unit. Genus includes new species H. devonica.


2014 in paleontology, Other organisms
"An organism of unknown affinities with a growth pattern convergent on that of extant fungi, lichens and encrusting algae". The type species is Nilpenia rossi.


2014 in paleontology, Other organisms
A fungus belonging to the group Sclerodermatineae. The type species is Palaeogaster micromorpha.


2014 in paleontology, Other organisms
A tubular, serially divided organism with a bilateral morphology of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Plexus ricei.


2014 in paleontology, Other organisms
An annulated tubular organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Wutubus annularis.


2014 in paleontology, Other organisms
A fungus belonging to the family Xylariaceae found in Dominican amber, a species of Xylaria.


2014 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


2014 in poetry, Works published in English, New Zealand, Poets in Best New Zealand Poems
Poems from these 25 poets were selected by Mark Williams and Jane Stafford for Best New Zealand Poems 2013, published online this year:


2014 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


2014 in politics
These are some of the notable events relating to politics in 2014.


2014 in professional wrestling
2014 in professional wrestling describes the year's events in the world of professional wrestling.


2014 in professional wrestling, Title changes, TNA
If anyone had interfered in the match, they would have been fired


2014 in public domain
This is a list of works that enter the public domain in part of the world in 2014 in the following Post mortem auctoris countries and regions.


2014 in public domain, Entering the public domain in Europe
A work enters the public domain in most European countries (with the exception of Belarus) 70 years after the creator's death, if it was published during the author's lifetime.


2014 in public domain, Entering the public domain in Europe, Writers
The section of Stephen Hero (James Joyce) added in 1963 will enter the UK public domain.


2014 in public domain, Entering the public domain in Europe, Composers and musicians
According to the Logos Foundation, works by these composers published during their lifetimes are in the public domain.


2014 in public domain, Entering the public domain in the United States
The Copyright Term Extension Act means no published works will enter the public domain in this jurisdiction until 2019. Unpublished works by authors who died in 1943 entered the public domain on January 1, 2014.


2014 in public domain, Entering the public domain in 50 years post mortem auctoris countries
In countries where works enter the public domain 50 years after the death of the creator (such as Canada) the following authors' works will be in the public domain in 2014.


2014 in public domain, Entering the public domain in 20 years p.m.a. countries
In countries where works enter the public domain 20 years after the death of the creator (such as Libya) the following authors' works will be in the public domain in 2014.


2014 in radio
The following is a list of events affecting radio broadcasting in 2014. Events listed include radio program debuts, finales, cancellations, and station launches, closures and format changes, as well as information about controversies.


2014 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 2014.


2014 in rock music
This article summarizes the events related to rock music for the year of 2014.


2014 in rugby league
Top-level rugby league in 2014 centred on Australasia's 2014 NRL Auckland Nines, 2014 NRL season and the Super League XIX. High-profile representative competitions included the 2014 Rugby League Four Nations (held in Australia and New Zealand) and the 2014 State of Origin series.


2014 in rugby league, February
7: Super League XIX begins with the Huddersfield Giants upsetting last year's champions Wigan Warriors at the DW Stadium in Wigan. 14 & 15: Inaugural NRL Auckland Nines are held at Eden Park in Auckland, New Zealand. The North Queensland Cowboys are inaugural champions after beating Brisbane 16–7 in the final. 22: Sydney Roosters win the 2014 World Club Challenge after beating Wigan Warriors 36–14 at Allianz Stadium in Sydney, Australia. 25: Europe's Bradford Bulls team are deducted six Super League competition points after entering administration.


2014 in rugby league, March
6: 2014 NRL season begins with the South Sydney Rabbitohs upsetting last year's champions Sydney Roosters at the ANZ Stadium in Sydney.


2014 in rugby league, May
2: The 2014 ANZAC Test is played, with Australia defeating New Zealand 30–18 before 25,429 at Allianz Stadium. 3 : The Pacific Rugby League International is played, with Samoa defeating Fiji 32–16 before 9,063 at Sportingbet Stadium in Penrith, Australia. In doing so they also secured qualification as the fourth and final team to compete at the 2014 Four Nations later in the year. 3 : The City vs Country Origin is played, with City and Country drawing for only the second time since being 'Under origin selection rules'.


2014 in rugby league, May
The match finished 26 points apiece in front of a packed crowd at Dubbo's Apex Oval. 17 & 18: The Northern Hemisphere's Super League held its special Magic Weekend. The Magic Weekend was held at the City of Manchester Stadium in Manchester, England. It made several records such as attendance with Day 1 recording the biggest ever attendance with 36,339 fans attending the ground on one day. While the total aggregate attendance of 64,552 is the biggest ever attendance recorded for Super League's showcase weekend.


2014 in rugby league, June
14: New South Wales made history, finally winning the State of Origin series after losing 8 consecutive. New South Wales won the historic third-match in the series 6–4 before 83,421 at ANZ Stadium in Sydney, New South Wales.


2014 in rugby league, July
13: London Broncos are relegated from the Super League. 19: Canada have beaten Jamaica in the fourth annual Caribbean Carnival Cup. 27: Barrow Raiders are relegated from the Championship.


2014 in rugby league, August
3: Swinton Lions are relegated from the Championship. 10: Rochdale Hornets are relegated from the Championship. 10: The lone Colonial Cup series match is played, with Canada making history and defeating USA 52–14 before 7,356 at Lamport Stadium to win their first ever Colonial Cup since the competition inaugurated in 2010. 11: North Wales Crusaders are relegated from the Championship. 23: The 2014 Challenge Cup final is played, with the Leeds Rhinos defeating the Castleford Tigers 23–10 before 77,914 at Wembley Stadium.


2014 in rugby league, September
7 : Keighley Cougars are relegated from the Championship on a dramatic final day of the regular season. They finished just one point behind 8th placed Batley Bulldogs and 9th placed Whitehaven. 12: Bradford Bulls are relegated from the Super League. They have been participating in the Super League since its inauguration in 1996 and have won four titles being 1997, 2001, 2003 and 2005.


2014 in rugby league, October
5: 2014 NRL Grand Final is played and South Sydney are the new premiers after defeating the Canterbury Bulldogs 30–6 in front of a record 'Rectangular Shaped (ANZ) Stadium' crowd of 83,833 at ANZ Stadium in Sydney. This is also the Rabbitohs' first premiership title in 43 years7: Hunslet Hawks win promotion to the Championship for the 2015 season. 11: 2014 Super League Grand Final is played and St. Helens are the new champions after defeating a '12-man' Wigan Warriors team 14–6 before 70,102 at Old Trafford in Strentford, England. 19: 2014 Hayne/Mannah Cup is played and Fiji are the champions after defeating Lebanon 40–28 at Remondis Stadium in Woolooware, New South Wales.


2014 in rugby league, November
2: 2014 European Cup is won by Scotland for the first time. Scotland have therefore qualified to play alongside Australia, England and New Zealand in the 2016 Four Nations. 15: 2014 Four Nations Final is won by New Zealand who defeated Australia 22–18 before 25,093 at Westpac Stadium in Wellington, New Zealand.


2014 in rugby league, December
19: New Zealand halfback, Shaun Johnson is announced as the best official player in 2014 after being awarded the Golden Boot.


2014 in rugby league, Domestic Competitions, Australasia, NRL Auckland Nines
The 2014 NRL Auckland Nines tournament will run over two days from 14 to 15 February 2014. All the matches are held at Auckland's Eden Park.


2014 in rugby league, Domestic Competitions, Australasia, National Rugby League
The 2014 NRL Season will run from 6 March 2014 to 5 October 2014, with the latter date hosting the Grand Final at Sydney's ANZ Stadium.


2014 in rugby league, Domestic Competitions, Europe, Super League XIX
The Super League is the top club competition in Europe. In 2014 there are thirteen English teams and one French team in the 2014 season, known as Super League XIX with the bottom two teams on the table set to be relegated at the end of the regular season.


2014 in rugby league, Domestic Competitions, Europe, Super League XIX
(* – Bradford Bulls deducted 6 points on 25 February 2014 for entering administration)


2014 in rugby league, Domestic Competitions, Europe, Carnegie Challenge Cup
The Rugby League Challenge Cup is the most prestigious knock-out competition in the world of Rugby League. It features teams from across Europe including England, Scotland, Wales, France and Russia.


2014 in rugby league, Domestic Competitions, Europe, Carnegie Challenge Cup
The final of the 2014 Cup is held at the prestigious Wembley Stadium in London on 23 August.


2014 in rugby union
Here are the match results of the 2014 Rugby union season. Qualifiers for the 2015 Rugby World Cup, meanwhile the Six Nations Championship and The Rugby Championship are set for another season.


2014 in sailing
The following were the scheduled events of sailing for the year 2014 throughout the world.


2014 in science
A number of significant scientific events occurred in 2014, including the first robotic landing on a comet and the first complete stem-cell-assisted recovery from paraplegia. The year also saw a significant expansion in the worldwide use and sophistication of technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicles and wearable electronics.


2014 in science
The United Nations declared 2014 the International Year of Family Farming and Crystallography.


2014 in science fiction
The year 2014 was marked by the following events in science fiction.


2014 in science fiction, Awards, Locus Award
Best Science Fiction Novel: Abaddon's Gate by James S. A. Corey


2014 in spaceflight
In 2014, the maiden flight of the Angara A5, Antares 120 and Antares 130 took place.


2014 in spaceflight, Overview
An Ariane 5 ES launched the Georges Lemaître Automated Transfer Vehicle, the last one of the series, which also marked 60 successfully completed Ariane 5 launches in a row.


2014 in spaceflight, Overview
On 22 August 2014, Arianespace launched the first two Full Operational Capability Galileo satellites for the European satellite navigation system.


2014 in spaceflight, Overview
A number of significant events in planetary exploration occurred in 2014, including the entry of the Rosetta spacecraft into orbit around the comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko in August 2014 and the deployment of the Philae lander to its surface in November, which marked the first orbit of and landing on a comet, respectively, and featured prominently in social media. Another notable occurrence was the entry of India's Mars Orbiter Mission into Martian orbit in September, making India the first Asian nation to reach Mars.


2014 in spaceflight, Overview
On 5 December 2014, a United Launch Alliance Delta IV Heavy launched the first Orion spacecraft test mission for NASA, Exploration Flight Test 1.


2014 in spaceflight, Orbital launch statistics, By country
For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. For example, Soyuz launches by Arianespace in Kourou are counted under Russia because Soyuz-2 is a Russian rocket.


2014 in sports
2014 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.


2014 in squash sport
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by NaBUru38 (talk | contribs) at 00:11, 8 January 2020. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


2014 in squash sport
This article lists the results for the sport of Squash in 2014.


2014 in sumo
2014 in sumo saw the traditional six major tournaments or basho held in January, March, May, July, September and November as usual. The yokozuna Hakuhō won five of the six tournaments taking his total of yūshō to 32 to equal the record of Taihō. Kakuryū's victory in March saw him promoted to become the sport's 71st yokozuna. Consistent performances at the rank of sekiwake saw Gōeidō being promoted to ōzeki for the September tournament. The most notable retirement was that of the former ōzeki Kotoōshū.


2014 in tennis
This page covers all the important events in the sport of tennis in 2014. It primarily provides the results of notable tournaments throughout the year on both the Association of Tennis Professionals and Women's Tennis Association Tours, the Davis Cup, and the Fed Cup.


2014 in the British Virgin Islands
Events from the year 2014 in the British Virgin Islands.


2014 in the Central African Republic
The following lists events that happened during 2014 in the Central African Republic.


2014 in the Czech Republic
The following lists events that happened during 2014 in the Czech Republic.


2014 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
The following lists events that happened during 2014 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.


2014 in the European Union, European Capital of Culture
The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union for a period of one calendar year, during which it organises a series of cultural events with a strong European dimension.


2014 in the Netherlands
This article lists some of the events that took place in the Netherlands in 2014.


2014 in the Philippines
2014 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in the year 2014.


2014 in the Philippines, National holidays
In late September 2013, the government had already announced at least 18 Philippine holidays for 2014 as declared by virtue of Proclamation No. 655, series of 2013. Note that in the list, holidays in italics are "special non-working holidays," those in bold are "regular holidays," and those in non-italics and non-bold are "special holidays for schools."


2014 in the Philippines, National holidays
In addition, several other places observe local holidays, such as the foundation of their town. These are also "special days."


2014 in the Republic of Macedonia
The following lists events that happened during 2014 in the Republic of Macedonia.


2014 in the Solomon Islands
The following lists events that happened during 2014 in the Solomon Islands.


2014 in the State of Palestine
Events in the year 2014 in the State of Palestine.


2014 in the United Arab Emirates
The following lists events that happened during 2014 in the United Arab Emirates.


2014 in the environment
This is a list of notable events relating to the environment in 2014. They relate to environmental law, conservation, environmentalism and environmental issues.


2014 in the sport of athletics
In 2014 there was no primary outdoor global athletics championship, as neither the Summer Olympics nor the World Championships in Athletics occurred in the year. The 2014 IAAF World Indoor Championships, and the 2014 IAAF Continental Cup were the foremost global events to be held in 2014. The 2014 IAAF World Relays marked the debut of the new international competition exclusively for relay races.


2014 in the sport of athletics
The Diamond League entered its fifth year as the foremost seasonal track and field series. The 2014 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships and the 2014 IAAF World Race Walking Cup were the highest level competitions for those disciplines. Major regional events which took place in 2014 include the European Championships, African Championships, and Commonwealth Games.


2014 in triathlon
This topic reveals a large number of triathlon events and their results for 2014.


2014 in video games
The year 2014 saw a number of events in the video game industry. No new major consoles were released, but updates and upgrades were: the New Nintendo 3DS was released in Japan and Oceania, and Sony released new model 2000 PS Vita systems in Europe & North America. In video game-related corporate acquisitions, Amazon purchased the online video game streaming service Twitch, and Facebook acquired the virtual reality company and product Oculus. Nintendo released Amiibo in 2014, companion figurines that could be scanned by the 3DS and WiiU systems. On Twitter and other Internet social media, the Gamergate controversy began.


2014 in video games
Among video games originally released in 2014, critics gave the highest reviews to Super Smash Bros. for Wii U, Dark Souls II, Bayonetta 2, Shovel Knight, Velocity 2X, Dragon Age: Inquisition,  Mario Kart 8, and Hearthstone: Heroes of Warcraft. Other significant games that won awards included Destiny, Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor, and Monument Valley.


2014 in video games, Top-rated games, Critically acclaimed titles
Metacritic (MC) and GameRankings (GR) are aggregators of video game journalism reviews.


2014 in video games, Highest-grossing games
The following were 2014's top ten highest-grossing video games in terms of worldwide revenue (including physical sales, digital purchases, subscriptions, microtransactions, free-to-play and pay-to-play) across all platforms (including mobile, PC and console platforms).


2014 in video games, Series with new entries
Series with new installments in 2014 include Assassin's Creed, Bayonetta, Borderlands, Call of Duty, Castlevania, Civilization, Dark Souls, Divinity,  Donkey Kong, Dragon Age, The Elder Scrolls, Elite,  Far Cry, Final Fantasy, Forza Horizon, Infamous, Kinect Sports, Kirby, LittleBigPlanet, Mario Golf, Mario Kart, Metal Gear, MX vs. ATV, Ninja Gaiden, Persona, Pokémon,  Professor Layton, Shantae, Sniper Elite, Sonic the Hedgehog, Strider Hiryu, Super Smash Bros., Tales, The Sims, Thief, Trials, Tropico, Wolfenstein, and World of Warcraft.


2014 in video games, Series with new entries
In addition, 2014 saw the introduction of several new properties, including Destiny,  Five Nights at Freddy's, Sunset Overdrive, Titanfall, The Evil Within and Watch Dogs.


2014 in video games, Game releases
The list of games released in 2014 in North America.


2014 in volleyball
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by NaBUru38 (talk | contribs) at 00:06, 8 January 2020. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


2014 in volleyball
The following were the events of Volleyball for the year 2014 throughout the world.


2014 in weightlifting
This article lists the main weightlifting events and their results for 2014.


2014 in women's road cycling
2014 in women's road cycling is about the 2014 women's bicycle races ruled by the UCI and the 2014 UCI Women's Teams.


2014 in women's road cycling, World Championships
The World Road Championships is set to be held in Ponferrada, Spain.


2014 in women's road cycling, Single day races (1.1 and 1.2)
† The clock symbol denotes a race which takes the form of a one-day time trial.


2014 in women's road cycling, UCI teams
The country designation of each team is determined by the country of registration of the largest number of its riders, and is not necessarily the country where the team is registered or based.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand
The Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand (Interim) 2014 (Thai: รัฐธรรมนูญแห่งราชอาณาจักรไทย (ฉบับชั่วคราว) พุทธศักราช ๒๕๕๗) was a constitution of Thailand in force between 2014–17.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand
Drafted by law lecturers from Chulalongkorn University (CU), the constitution was enacted by the National Council for Peace and Order (NCPO), a military junta led by General Prayut Chan-o-cha which staged a coup d'état against the caretaker government on 22 May 2014. Without public consultation, King Bhumibol Adulyadej assented to and signed the constitution on 22 July 2014. The constitution came into force on that day and replaced the 2007 constitution.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand
The interim constitution paves the way for the establishment of a national legislature to exercise the legislative power, a provisional cabinet to take charge of public administration, a reform council to execute extensive national reforms and approve a draft new constitution, and a constituent committee to draft the new constitution. The constitution does specify fixed dates for the completion of these works.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand
Although the constitution recognises Thailand as a democratic state and the Thai people as sovereign, the constitution grants amnesty to those involved for all past and future military actions concerning the coup and invests the NCPO with vast powers, including the power by which the NCPO leader can issue any order at will for the sake of the reforms or security. All orders so issued are considered lawful and final.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand
Public discussions about the interim constitution are prohibited by the NCPO.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, History
After months of political crisis in which former Democrat Party secretary general Suthep Thaugsuban led a street protest against the government of Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra, the Royal Thai Armed Forces staged a coup d'état unseating the government on 22 May 2014. On that day, the military formed the NCPO to rule the nation and partially repealed the 2007 constitution, keeping intact chapter 2 (concerning the monarchical institution).


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, History
General Prayut said that he would run the country until the situation requires an interim government, without promises of a quick return to civilian rule. But after international pressures, he announced that there would be an interim constitution and a provisional government by September 2014.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, History
On 23 June 2014, it was announced that Chulalongkorn University law lecturer Wissanu Krea-ngam was drafting an interim constitution for General Prayut. Wissanu was assisted by Pornpet Wichitchonlachai, a fellow law lecturer at Chulalongkorn University. Pornpet is known for his unsuccessful proposal to extend the lèse majesté law to all members of the royal household and the privy council.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, History
On 22 July 2014, the two-month anniversary of the coup, General Prayut had an audience with King Bhumibol Adulyadej at his seaside Klai Kangwon Palace to present the draft interim constitution to the King for his signature. After being signed by the King on that day, it went into effect forthwith and was published in the Royal Gazette.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Contents, General provisions
Sections 1 and 2 prescribe that Thailand is a unitary and democratic monarchy. Section 3 provides that    "sovereign power belongs to all Thais". Section 4 recognises human dignity, rights, liberties, and equality of all Thais.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Contents, General provisions
Section 5 says that all matters failing to be mentioned in the constitution will be dealt with pursuant to the customary practices of democratic government of monarchical Thailand, insofar as those practices are not contrary to the constitution.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Contents, Legislative branch
Sections 6–18 concern the legislative branch. These sections establish a unicameral legislature called the National Legislative Assembly (สภานิติบัญญัติแห่งชาติ) or NLA. The NLA consists of no more than 220 members, all handpicked by the NCPO and appointed by the king.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Contents, Legislative branch
Section 15 grants the king the power to veto bills.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Contents, Executive branch
Sections 19–20 establish a cabinet consisting of one prime minister and no more than 35 other ministers, all appointed by the king after the prime minister is selected by the NLA and the other ministers are selected by the prime minister. Section 19 allows the prime minister to be removed by the king upon advice of the NLA president. This advice can only be made upon a proposal by the NCPO. The section also allows for a minister to be removed by the king upon the advice of the prime minister.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Contents, Executive branch
Sections 21–25 contain certain prerogatives of the king, such as the issuance of decrees, the conclusion of treaties, and the ceremonial appointment and removal of governmental officers.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Contents, Executive branch
Section 42 keeps the NCPO in existence and authorises it to control the cabinet.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Contents, Executive branch, Section 44
Section 44 empowers the NCPO leader to issue any order "for the sake of the reforms in any field, the promotion of love and harmony amongst the people in the nation, or the prevention, abatement or suppression of any act detrimental to national order or security, royal throne, national economy or public administration, whether the act occurs inside or outside the kingdom". The orders so issued are all deemed "lawful, constitutional and final". Following the 2019 Thai general election, a new cabinet was sworn in on 16 July 2019. This dissolved the NCPO and rendered Section 44 void.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Contents, National Reform Council
Sections 27–31 provide for extensive national reforms in 11 governmental functions: politics, public administration, law and justice, local administration, education, economy, energy, public health and environment, media, society, and others.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Contents, National Reform Council
Section 28 establishes a body called National Reform Council (สภาปฏิรูปแห่งชาติ) or NRC to implement the reforms. The NRC has no more than 250 members: 76 members represent the 76 provinces (one from each province), one member represents Bangkok, and the others represent the 11 functions of government. All of them are handpicked by the NCPO and appointed by the king.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Contents, National Reform Council
The methods for selection of NRC members are outlined in section 30 of the constitution and in a royal decree issued on 31 July 2014:


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Contents, New constitution
Section 32–39 detail the preparation of a new constitution. Section 32 establishes a body called Constituent Committee (คณะกรรมาธิการยกร่างรัฐธรรมนูญ) or CC. The CC consists of 36 members appointed by the NRC president:


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Contents, New constitution
CC members are required to be appointed within 15 days after the NRC is convoked for the first time.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Contents, New constitution
The preparation of a new constitution is started when the NRC makes recommendations about the new constitution to the CC. The recommendations are required to be made within 60 days after the first meeting of the NRC. The CC is required to complete drafting the new constitution within 120 days after receiving those recommendations. If it fails to observe the time limit, it comes to an end and a new CC is then appointed within 15 days to draw up a new draft. The new CC may not include any member of the defunct CC.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Contents, New constitution
The finished draft is to be forwarded to the NRC for initial consideration which needs to be completed within 10 days after the NRC receives the draft. Within 30 days of the initial consideration, any member of the NRC, NCPO, or cabinet may make proposals for editing the draft to the CC. The proposals are then considered by the CC during a period of 60 days following the said 30 days.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Contents, New constitution
The edited draft is to be forwarded to the NRC to further be approved or disapproved in whole. The approval or disapproval must be adopted within 15 days after the NRC receives the draft and the draft cannot be edited again. If the draft is approved, the NRC president presents it to the king for the royal signature and the NRC president also countersigns the draft. Section 37 permits the king to veto the draft constitution.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Contents, New constitution
If the NRC fails to adopt the approval or disapproval within the time limit, or if the draft is disapproved by the NRC or is vetoed by the king, both the NRC and the CC will come to an end. A new NRC and CC will then be appointed to redo the process. The new NRC and CC may not include any member of the defunct NRC or CC.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Contents, New constitution
Section 35 sets out 10 requirements which must be in the new constitution, such as provisions declaring Thailand a monarchy, the establishment of a democratic government which is "appropriate for Thai society", and the prohibition of change of some principles to be contained in the new constitution.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Contents, Miscellaneous provisions
Section 26 recognises judicial independence. Section 45 allows the Constitutional Court to remain functional, but subject to the special power of the NCPO leader.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Contents, Miscellaneous provisions
Section 40 requires the issuance of a royal decree to determine monetary benefits for the members of the NLA, NRC, NCPO, and CC.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Contents, Miscellaneous provisions
Section 46 permits an amendment to the interim constitution. It prescribes that "if necessary and appropriate," the NCPO and the cabinet may jointly propose an amendment to the NLA and the NLA needs to approve or disapprove the proposal within 15 days of receiving the proposal. The section again authorises the king to veto the approved proposal.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Contents, Miscellaneous provisions
Sections 47–48 legitimise all coup-related actions by the NCPO, by its subordinates, or by the subordinates of its subordinates, as well as all orders and announcements issued by them.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Criticism
The national reforms dictated by the constitution reflect the demands of the anti-government protesters who wanted an unelected reform council to carry out national reforms with a view to eradicating the influence of Yingluck and Thaksin in Thai politics.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Criticism
The constitution has been heavily criticised for being undemocratic and further strengthening the military's powers, especially section 44 which gives the NCPO sweeping powers and sections 47 and 48 which enshrine amnesty for all past and future military actions.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Criticism
Provisions similar to section 44 had been contained in some of the previous interim supreme laws of Thailand and had been invoked by Thai military dictators to order extrajudicial killings. One of the notable cases was section 17 of the 1959 charter which had been invoked by Field Marshal Sarit Thanarat to order a large number of people accused of crimes to be executed without proper trials in court. Those alleged crimes ranged from committing arson, being communists, to proclaiming oneself a saint which was considered by Field Marshal Sarit to be a threat to the throne.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Criticism
Human Rights Watch's Asian division director Brad Adams said although section 4 of the constitution recognises human rights and liberties arising from democratic traditions and international obligations of Thailand, the NCPO has broad authority under section 44 to limit, suspend or suppress fundamental human rights protections. In a statement he said, "The NCPO's claims that the interim constitution is essential for restoring electoral democracy and civilian rule in Thailand are a façade for continuing control by the junta.... By tightening their control, the generals are backtracking on their repeated promises to restore democracy in Thailand. This is a charter for dictatorship."


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Criticism
Regarding the amnesty under sections 47 and 48, Paul Chambers, director of research at the Institute of Southeast Asian Affairs, said, "The point of the constitution is to add palace legitimacy to the coup through the king-endorsed enshrinement of new laws." He added that "Almost every Thai constitution has included an amnesty for the military. In fact, amnesty for military has been a major rationale for most Thai constitutions. This allows and encourages coup after coup after coup."


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Criticism
In addition, the constitution has been criticised for failing to precisely specify when the reforms and the preparation of a new constitution would be finished. Retired Thammasat University (TU) dean of law Panas Tassaneyanond said, "The only thing democracy lovers could hold on to was the NCPO leader's pledge to return power to the people." A group of Thai citizens issued a statement condemning the constitution for not representing the will of the Thais as a whole, describing it as "Thailand's most anti-democratic constitution in half a century".


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Criticism
On 23 July 2014, the NCPO made a televised appearance to give an explanation about the constitution. During the appearance, CU law lecturer Wissanu Krea-ngam, who drafted the interim constitution, said the power under section 44 is intended for dealing with any counter-coup. He said "I don't care if anybody says it's a retrograde step. But without that section, we would lack any power to handle some serious problems like counter coups which had happened in the history."


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Criticism
He also said that the amnesty under sections 47 and 48 were needed to prevent "endless vengeance" and such amnesty has been a tradition since the 1932 revolution. Pornpet Wichitchonlachai, another CU law lecturer who assisted Wissanu in drafting the interim constitution, said he personally believed that General Prayut, in exercising the power under section 44, would not go as far as Field Marshal Sarit did. However, the televising was immediately stopped when Pravit Rojanaphruk, a senior journalist from The Nation, asked the NCPO to more clearly explain sections 44 and 48.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Criticism
The draft interim constitution originally required that a draft new constitution be approved by the citizens in a nationwide referendum before it is forwarded to the king for his signature. The requirement was disapproved by the NCPO and was deleted. Wisanu explained that the requirement was deleted to avoid "lengthy process".


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Criticism
Following heavy criticism, the military ordered prohibition of public discussions on the interim constitution, saying that "love and harmony of the people in the nation" would be affected.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Subsequent events
On 31 July 2014, 200 NLA members were appointed, of whom 105 were military officers, 10 were police officers, and the others academics, politicians, and businesspersons who opposed the ousted government. Pornpet and a younger brother of General Prayut are also on the list of appointees. On 7 August 2014, the state opening of the NLA was held. The following day, Pornpet was selected as the NLA president.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Subsequent events
On 2 August 2014, the royal decree under section 40 of the constitution was issued to determine monetary benefits for the NCPO members. General Prayut was granted a total of 125,590 baht per month. Each of the other NCPO members was given 119,920 baht per month. These salaries are paid in addition to the benefits they are already entitled to by virtue of their posts in the armed forces.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Subsequent events
On 21 August 2014, the NLA unanimously voted General Prayut the new prime minister of the country. The formal appointment was made on 24 August 2014.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Subsequent events
In October 2014, the United Nations issued a short report citing several criticisms and notes of concern over the 2014 interim constitution.


2014 interim constitution of Thailand, Subsequent events
On 29 August 2015, the CC completed drafting a new constitution and forwarded it to the NRC for approval. On 6 September 2015, the NRC voted 135:105 to disapprove the draft. According to the interim constitution, the draft being rejected resulted in the coming to an end of both the NRC and the CC. A new CC was appointed and given 180 days to draw up a new constitution. The process of writing a new constitution must now start from scratch and the earliest an election could be held would be April 2017, delaying a return to the junta's long promised "true democracy".


2014 international conferences on Iraqi security
Following US President Barack Obama's address on the subject, a series of international conferences took place in order to build a formal coalition to destroy the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, which had taken over large portions of Syria and Iraq and had briefly invaded a small part of Lebanon.


2014 international conferences on Iraqi security, International conferences, Jeddah Communiqué
The first of these conferences took place on 11 September 2014 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and was referred to as the Jeddah Communiqué. on 11 September 2014. The foreign ministers of 10 Arab countries, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Turkey, Jordan, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Oman and Qatar met with US Secretary of State John Kerry on what each of these countries would contribute to their common security in the matter.


2014 international conferences on Iraqi security, International conferences, Jeddah Communiqué
At the end of the conference, all the Ministers, with the exception of Turkey, signed a declaration supporting the American military effort, and their commitment to unite against the threat of terrorism, including that of terrorist group, Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). In addition to providing military support and humanitarian aid towards the effort, the countries also agreed to stop the flow of foreign fighters through neighboring countries, countering terror financing and extremist ideology, and enforce the necessary measures of justice against violators. Turkey declined to sign the communique due to "sensitive issues".


2014 international conferences on Iraqi security, International conferences, Jeddah Communiqué
At the time, the country had 49 diplomats being held hostage by ISIS, and as a result was reluctant to take a prominent role in the coalition. Since then, these individuals were released as 180 ISIS linked individuals and jihadists were released from Turkish prisons, despite U.S. protests of the trade.


2014 international conferences on Iraqi security, International conferences, Jeddah Communiqué
Hezbollah, the Lebanese Shi’a militia group, protested Beirut's signing of the pledge to offer regional military cooperation against ISIL goes too far and does not confront the terrorist group. The group, which has ministers in the Lebanese cabinet and is fighting on the side of the Assad regime in the Syrian conflict, attacked its cabinet colleagues, and said that they consider Lebanese Foreign Minister Gebran Bassil’s signing of the communique as non-binding until an official clarification is issued by the Beirut government.


2014 international conferences on Iraqi security, International conferences, Jeddah Communiqué
Kerry next went to Ankara, Turkey, and then Cairo, Egypt to shore up his support before going to Paris for the second conference on building an anti-ISIS coalition.


2014 international conferences on Iraqi security, International conferences, Jeddah Communiqué
On 14 September, French President Francois Hollande and Iraqi President Fuad Masum hosted a meeting of high officials of more than 30 countries, including those who had been to the one in Jeddah, as well as Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov.


2014 international conferences on Iraqi security, International conferences, Jeddah Communiqué
Iran, which had "boots on the ground" in Iraq, and Syria, which has lost much territory to ISIS, were not invited and did not attend.


2014 international conferences on Iraqi security, Failures
In a Congressional hearing before the U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs, subcommittee Terrorism, Nonproliferation, and Trade on the topic of terrorist financing, David Andrew Weinberg, a Senior Fellow at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, assessed the successes and failures of the state actors who signed the agreement one year later in 2015. Notably he listed Qatar, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia as having failed to some extent on upholding their commitments.


2014 international conferences on Iraqi security, Failures, Qatar
Qatar was identified by U.S. officials as one of two states with “permissive jurisdictions’ for terror finance in the GCC. Despite the discovery of Qatari citizens’ private donations to al-Qaeda and its supporters, Qatar has never pursued any terrorism finance cases in its court system. Among these notable financiers Khalifa al-Subaiy and Abdulrahman al-Nu’aymi, both of whom have been sanctioned by the U.S. and U.N. as specially designated global terrorists for their role in terror financing al-Qaeda at rates of over $2 million per month. Yet, these actors were not punished under Qatari law. Qatar is also known to have funded ISIS.


2014 international conferences on Iraqi security, Failures, Qatar
In addition, Qatar has become a safe haven for terrorist groups, housing the mastermind of the 9/11 attacks, Khalid Sheikh Muhammed, openly hosting Khaled Meshaal, leader of the Palestinian terrorist group, Hamas, and the meeting spot for members of the Taliban. These groups and other sanctioned Qatari individuals continue to finance such terrorist groups.


2014 international conferences on Iraqi security, Failures, Qatar
In May 2016, Senator Mark Kirk (R-IL) wrote a letter to Secretary of the U.S. Department of the Treasury Jacob Lew, urging him to make Qatar take a more active stance on combatting terrorism finance per the agreed upon terms in the Jeddeh Communique. He outlined Qatar's harboring of Nu’aymi, Subaiy, and others as indications that Qatar was not fully committed to upholding the agreement and should therefore be held accountable.


2014 international conferences on Iraqi security, Failures, Kuwait
Kuwait was the other state that the U.S. Treasury Department described as a “permissive jurisdiction” for terrorist financing. It's also important to note that Kuwait has become the top source of private donations to al-Qaeda terrorists in Syria. One of Nayef al-Ajmi's appointed ministers was revealed to have assisted in funding to al-Qaeda. Additionally, the U.S. and the U.N, sanctioned two other individuals from his tribe for terror financing. Other Kuwaitis have been linked to terror financing, but prosecution of these financier's has been mixed.


2014 international conferences on Iraqi security, Failures, Saudi Arabia
In a 2009 memo, signed by Hillary Clinton, it was noted that Saudi Arabian funds are the most significant worldwide for Sunni terrorist groups. Saudi Arabia has hosted numerous Yemini U.S. globally designated terrorist financiers in its state, some of whom still publicly appear in the state today. Additionally, in 2015, Osama bin Laden's Mentor, Abdulmajeed al-Zindani, sanctioned for recruiting and purchasing weapons for al-Qaeda over 10 years ago, was photographed and publicly appeared in Saudi Arabia in hosting his son's lavish wedding.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers
On 12 June 2014, three Israeli teenagers were kidnapped at the bus/hitchhiking stop at the Israeli settlement of Alon Shvut in Gush Etzion, in the West Bank, as they were hitchhiking to their homes. The three teens were Naftali Frenkel (16, from Nof Ayalon), Gilad Shaer (16, from Talmon), and Eyal Yifrah (19, from Elad).


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers
Gilad Shaer called a police emergency hotline to report the kidnapping. The emergency call recording, initially under a gag order, was leaked to the public. After Shaer's whispered message "They kidnapped me,” the taped call also recorded shouting in Arabic from the kidnappers and several volleys of automatic gunfire. Within days, Israeli investigators, though lacking conclusive proof, strongly suspected the teenagers had been killed, and, if so, knew where the victims' bodies would probably have been dumped.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers
The Israel Defense Forces initiated Operation Brother's Keeper (Hebrew: מבצע שובו אחים, Mivtza Shuvu Ahim) in search of the three teenagers. As part of the operation, in the following 11 days Israel arrested around 350 Palestinians, including nearly all of Hamas's West Bank leaders. Five Palestinians were killed during the military operation.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers
On 15 June, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said that the teens had been kidnapped by Hamas, which Hamas denied. Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas maintained that as of 22 June there was no evidence that Hamas was behind the kidnapping.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers
On 25 July, BBC correspondent Jon Donnison tweeted that Israeli police spokesman Mickey Rosenfeld stated that the kidnappings did not occur on the orders of, or with the knowledge of the Hamas leadership, and that the crime was the action of a "lone cell." Sheera Frenkel had reported similar views from Israel and Palestinian sources some ten days earlier. Rosenfeld later denied having used the words "lone cell."


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers
On 5 August, Israel said that it had arrested Hussam Qawasmeh, a cousin of Marwan Qawasmeh, on 11 July, who is suspected of having organized the killing of the three teenagers. According to court documents, Qawasmeh stated that Hamas members in Gaza financed the recruitment and arming of the killers. Hussam Qawasmeh's lawyers stated that he confessed under "heavy torture" from Israeli security services, Shin Bet. Qawasmeh's lawyer stated "What he said during interrogation was that he was responsible for ordering the kidnapping,” and that "[t]he orders came from him personally."


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers
On 26 June, the Israel Security Agency released the identities of two Hamas suspects in the kidnapping. Both ISA and Palestinian authorities said that the two men have been missing since the night of the kidnapping, and the ISA stated that both had engaged in terrorism, been arrested, and served time in the past, and were considered suspects immediately after the kidnapping. A senior Palestinian intelligence official said off the record that their disappearance constituted clear evidence the two suspects have links with the abduction.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers
On 30 June, search teams found the bodies of the three missing teenagers in a field north-west of Hebron. They had apparently been shot dead shortly after the abduction. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu vowed a tough response to the killings.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers
On 20 August 2014, a Hamas official Salah al-Arouri, who had been publicly identified as the mastermind of the operation several days after the kidnapping, on 19 June, said that the organization's armed wing, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, was behind the kidnapping and murder. The Shin Bet had been investigating him in the belief that he ran a major Hamas network in the West Bank, headed by Riad Nasser of Deir Qadis, near Ramallah, and that he was behind the kidnapping.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers
Following this line of investigation may have delayed the capture of Hussam al-Qarasme, who was only arrested on 10 July. al-Arouri, one of the founders of Hamas's military wing, made his comments at a conference in Istanbul, where he lives in exile. The Israeli Defense establishment thinks that Arouri is unconnected with the kidnapping, and was boasting.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers
Hamas leader Khaled Mashal said that some Hamas members had kidnapped and murdered the Israeli teens but stated that they were not acting on orders from the Hamas leadership, which he said, were "not aware of this action taken by this group of Hamas members in advance" and the first he heard about it was through the Israeli investigation into the events. Meshaal, who has headed Hamas' exiled political wing since 2004, has denied being involved in the "details" of Hamas "military issues." He praised the kidnappers hoping the action could lead to the release of Palestinian prisoners.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers
According to J.J. Goldberg, the military indictment contains no evidence of orders from Hamas itself and strengthens the thesis that the incident was organized by the Qawasmeh family alone from start to finish. According to Amos Harel and Chaim Levinson, the kidnappers planned to wait a few days, then contact senior Hamas operatives in the Hebron area, to manage the hostage and negotiate a prisoner swap with Israel. In their view it appears doubtful that any senior Hamas official would have been ready to accept that kind of risk.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers
On 23 September 2014, after Israel killed the two suspects, Marwan Qawasmeh and Amar Abu-Isa (aka Amer Abu Aysha) in a shootout, IDF Chief Lt. Gen. Benny Gantz announced that Operation Brother's Keeper "has come to an end."


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers
On 6 January 2015, Hussam Qawasmeh, a member of Hamas, was jailed and sentenced to three life terms in prison for the murders. He must also pay $63,000 in compensation to the victims' families.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Background
2013 was a calm period with the November 2012 ceasefire being largely respected, despite 50 rockets fired by Palestinians and 10 airstrikes by Israel. According to PCHR 44 Palestinians were killed and over 100 injured, while the Israeli Security Agency reported six Israeli fatalities (all but one from the West Bank) and 44 injuries. The first half of 2014 saw an increase in tension manifested by a higher rate of injuries. Among Palestinians there were 43 fatalities in the first half of the year plus 1860 injuries. Tension was also increased by Israel's opposition to the formation of a Hamas-Fatah unity government, with threats of sanctions and the burgeoning issue of prisoners and the violation of the Shalit agreement Mutual attacks on each other by Israel and Gaza continued, as did the Israeli blockade of Gaza.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Background
Mainstream western media ascribe the initiation of the major 2014 conflict to the kidnapping of the three Israeli teenagers. Some news analysts believe that earlier clashes might also have played a role in the chain of events. On 15 May, two Palestinian teenagers were shot dead during the Nakba commemorations in the Beitunia killings. An autopsy report published on 9 June proved the death of one of them to be due to "live fire,” i.e. not "rubber bullets."


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Background
The Israeli Foreign Ministry web site emphasizes rocket fire from Gaza as being the reason for the IDF war on Gaza.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Victims
Eyal Yifrach, 19, lived in El'ad, Naftali Fraenkel (also spelled Frenkel), 16, was a dual Israeli-American citizen and lived in Nof Ayalon. Gilad Shaer was a resident of the Israeli settlement of Talmon. Eyal Yifrah was a student at the Shavei Hevron Yeshiva on King David Street in Hebron. The other two were students of the Mekor Chaim yeshiva at Kfar Etzion in the West Bank's Area C under full Israeli administration.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Suspects, Initial suspected perpetrators
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu stated that Hamas killed the teenagers. But opinions were divided within Israel's security services as to whether or not the two suspects had direct ties to Hamas. On 26 June, the Israel Security Agency identified two Hamas members as key suspects in the kidnapping, whom Palestinian police noted, had gone missing since the night of the kidnapping. High-ranking members of Hamas denied that the group had any involvement or foreknowledge of the incident.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Suspects, Initial suspected perpetrators
The two named suspects hail from the Qawasameh clan, notorious for consistently acting against Hamas's policies and its attempts to reach an entente with Israel. Hamas political chief Khaled Meshal said he could neither confirm nor deny the kidnapping of the three Israelis, and he congratulated the abductors, because "our prisoners must be freed from the prisons of the occupation."


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Suspects, Initial suspected perpetrators
Initially a number of groups, some previously unknown, claimed responsibility for the kidnappings: The Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades (subsequently denied); a West Bank Branch of Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant, Brigades of Global Jihad, Ahrar ar-Khalil (Liberators Battalion of Hebron), and Regiments of Hezbollah. It was not clear how true their claims were, and the middle three were not considered credible.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Suspects, Suspects arrest
After the kidnap of the Israeli teens, Israel commenced Operation Brother's Keeper in the West Bank. Israel killed 9 Palestinians and raided 1300 properties including commercial and residential buildings. 800 Palestinians were arrested without charge or trial. On 5 August 2014 Israel announced that Israeli security forces arrested Hussam Kawasme, in Shuafat, in connection with the murders. During interrogation, Kawasme admitted to being the mastermind behind the attack, in addition to securing the funding from Hamas. Kawasme stated that after the boys were killed, Marwan Kawasme and Amer Abu Aysha drove to his house, and they proceeded to bury them in Halhoul, the land Kawasme purchased only a few weeks prior.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Suspects, Suspects arrest
By the time of his arrest, Kaswasme had shaved his beard and received a fake passport, in what is believed to be, part of a plan to escape to Jordan.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Suspects, Suspects arrest
Officials have stated that additional people arrested in connection with the murders are still being held, but no names have been released.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Suspects, Suspects arrest
On 20 August, Hamas member Saleh al-Arouri, who lives in Turkey, claimed Hamas' involvement in the abduction and murder, according to an Israeli channel 2 translation. He continued on calling the men who perpetrated the act heroic. Hugh Lovatt of the European Council on Foreign Relations said al-Arouri's claim was "suspicious": it might reflect a desire to assert his relevance within the Hamas leadership or it may be true, and reflect a power struggle within Hamas itself. On 21 August Hamas leader Khaled Mashal claimed Hamas leadership had no prior knowledge of the abductions and murders and had learned about them through the Israeli military.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Suspects, Suspects arrest
The following day, NGO Shurat HaDin, contacted US Attorney General Eric Holder to request extradition of al-Arouri. Although Turkey and Israel do not have an extradition agreement, the US and Turkey do, which it can use to extradite those who commit terrorists acts against US citizens.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Suspects, Suspects killings
The two suspects Marwan Kawasme and Amar Abu Aysha were staying in a house in Hebron when IDF soldiers and Israeli counter-terrorism members, Yamam, surrounded the building at dawn on 23 September in an attempt to arrest the suspects. Israeli forces opened fire on the building and reportedly called on the two suspects to come out. With no response the Israeli force began using a bulldozer to bring down the building. According to Israeli forces, they shot one of the men as his head rose out of a hole and began firing a rifle. After this man fell back into the home, likely dead, Israeli forces again opened fire on the house, utilizing grenades and other explosives this time, killing both men.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Suspects, Suspects killings
Hebron governor Kamel Hmeid and Hamas spokesman Salah Bardawil both called the suspects martyrs. Hamas leader Khaled Mashal also called the suspects "martyrs" and "heroes."


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Suspects, Investigation conclusion
The investigation concluded that the kidnapping operation's costs ran to NIS220,000, a sum procured by Hossam Hassan Kawasmeh (40), with the assistance of his brother, Mahmoud, who was exiled to the Gaza Strip in the Gilad Shalit exchange in November 2011, to purchase the two vehicles and weaponry. The cars were purchased from Nuh Abu-Eisha, the weapons from Hamas operative Adnan Mahmad Izzat Zru (34) both Hebronites.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Suspects, Investigation conclusion
His attempt to escape to Jordan, thwarted when he was arrested in the Shuafat refugee camp on 11 July, was assisted by his relatives Hisham Kawasmeh (45), Jamil Kawasmeh (38) and Hassan Kawasmeh (45) a Hamas militant. Two other Hebronites, Ahmad Ibrahim Mahmad Kawasmeh (64) and his brother, senior Hamas operative Arafat Ibrahim Mahmad Kawasmeh (50) for assistance in going into hiding, and the latter concealed them on his property. On 6 January 2015, Hussam Qawasmeh was sentenced to three life terms in prison for the murders as well as a compensation payment of $63,000 to the victims' families.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Prelude
According to Israeli investigations, the seizure and killing of the three was organized by Hussam Qawasmeh, who had received $39,000 from his brother Mahmoud in Gaza, via a go-between still at large. The money financed the purchase of three M-16 rifles, a jeep, and the Israeli car, which was bought from a used-car dealer in Hebron after it was stolen from the settlement of Tzur Hadassah. Altogether, he met with Marwan five or six times before the kidnapping. The plan was to conceal one kidnapped Israeli in Marwan Qawasme's barbershop in Hebron, then transfer him to Marwan's aunt's vacant house.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Prelude
A first attempt on 10 June failed to find any hitchhikers. There was no intention to release the boys: from the outset the plan, considered amateurish and not professional, envisaged murdering the captives. The plot of land where they were buried had been purchased to that end some time earlier, and a refuge to escape detection had been prepared in an old house near Tufah where the two suspects hid in a disused cesspit for five days.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 1 (12–19 June)
Netanyahu asserted that the attack originated from PA-controlled areas, and criticized the Fatah-Hamas pact.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 1 (12–19 June)
In the first week, Israel added a further three to the six combat brigades already present in the West Bank. Close to 40 battalions were engaged in rounding up suspects, notably the Paratroopers' 35th Division and the Kfir's 900th Division. Other specialized groups, such as the Duvdevan Unit, the Egoz Reconnaissance Unit and the Airborne Rescue And Evacuation Unit 669 supplement the search force. Skylark mini UAV drones were deployed, and the Yahalom combat engineering unit conducted tunnel searches. Fifty Bedouin IDF trackers were also used.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 1 (12–19 June), Day 1
Late into the night of Thursday, 12 June, teenagers Yifrach, Fraenkel, and Shaer were waiting at Geva'ot Intersection, west of the settlement of Alon Shvut in the Etzion Bloc south of Jerusalem, soon after 22:15, looking to catch a ride heading west on Route 367 toward Beit Shemesh and from there to locations in central Israel where each of them lived. The kidnappers intended to kidnap one Israeli. Apparently Yifrach, after accepting a ride, waved to the other two to join him. The Palestinians, afraid of giving their identity away if they spoke Hebrew, didn't dare object.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 1 (12–19 June), Day 1
After the car veered off from the declared direction of Ashkelon, the three realized they had been kidnapped and Shaer telephoned the police at 22:25, whispering, "I've been kidnapped." Eight attempts were made to page the caller's cellphone, without checking its ownership, and his whispered remark was taken to be one of the many pranks that night. No check was made to find out the phone's owner, or whether he was missing. Later, analysis of the tape revealed what the police failed to realize at the time, that the murders had occurred while the hotline operator was listening.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 1 (12–19 June), Day 1
Four and a half hours passed before Shaer's family finally phoned the Talmon security coordinator at 3:10 am to inform him their son Gil-Ad had not returned home. Only then did the security establishment take the case seriously, and Shin Bet and the IDF were alerted by the police. According to the Palestinian Ma'an News Agency, the army succeeded in tracing the call to the Sanjar region, the last cellphone signal being made at 23:20 in the Hebron area, when Fraenkel's and Shaer's cellphones had been switched off. Meanwhile, at 1 a.m. on Friday morning, Marwan knocked on Hussam's door and said, "I've murdered three Jews."


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 1 (12–19 June), Day 1
A gag order was immediately placed regarding the abduction on Israeli news services (the presumed identities of the kidnappers, acolytes of senior Hamas members, were known almost from the beginning to everyone in Hebron, but kept from the Israeli public). and, in lieu of concrete details, rumours proliferated. Controversy soon raged in Israel over the police delay in reporting the call. At 11:00 on 13 June, a "Hannibal" alert (meaning 'kidnapping') was issued.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 1 (12–19 June), Day 1
Based on cellphone and other data, Israeli investigators deduced that the kidnappers' car had stopped near Beit Kahil, west of Halhul, for 28 minutes. According to Palestinian security sources, a Hyundai i35, with seating for 5, with Israeli license plates, was torched on the night of 12 June, and subsequently found by Palestinian police 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from the village of Beit Einun near Hebron. This vehicle was believed to be connected to the abduction.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 1 (12–19 June), Day 1
The suspicion arose that the use of the car displaying Israeli license plates was a trick to lull the hitchhikers into believing the vehicle was driven by Israelis. The Israeli authorities had placed the emergency call recording under a gag order but it was leaked to the public, after which the gag order was partially lifted. It then emerged that on the first day, after Gilad Shaer's whispered message "They kidnapped me," the taped emergency call also recorded a cry ("heads down!


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 1 (12–19 June), Day 1
"), sounds of shouting, a volley of automatic fire, a weak voice sighing "Ai," silence, another volley of automatic fire and then singing. The burnt car discovered that morning yielded evidence of numerous blood-stains. Israeli police assumed correctly that bodies must have been buried in that vicinity. What they did not know is that the bodies had been taken from the provisory burial site and reburied 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) beyond the radius of research. Notwithstanding this, the Israeli authorities began to broadcast the message that the boys were abducted, not that they had been murdered.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 1 (12–19 June), Days 2–3
On 14–15 June, the Hebron and South Hebron Hills areas were the focus of investigations by a large number of troops. Soldiers numbering 2,500 together with security agents, police, and special forces engaged in a manhunt, scouring numerous villages, including Beit Ummar, Beit Einun, Halhul, Dura, as-Samu, Tarqumiyah, Beit Kahil, Yatta, Taffuh, and Tapuah in what the IDF termed 'Operation Shuvu Achim (Return, Brothers/Bring Back Our Brothers),' and referred to in English as 'Brother's Keeper'. An anonymous "security source" claimed that little resistance was encountered because the local populations have become accustomed in recent years to regular night raids by the IDF. The sound of rubber-coated bullets and tear-gas canisters were heard.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 1 (12–19 June), Days 2–3
Over the weekend, Israeli security forces also arrested around 80 Palestinians, among them senior members of Hamas, accused of being connected to the kidnapping, in a sweep that rounded up former government leaders, clerics, university lecturers, and militants of both Hamas and Islamic Jihad across the West Bank. In Hebron's Ein Deir Baha neighborhood Israeli forces broke down a door, apparently by firing a missile, after surrounding the house of Akram al-Qawasami. He, his 8-year-old son Muhammad and younger daughter Sujoud were injured by shrapnel, and two Hamas operatives, among them Zaid Akram al-Qawasami, were arrested inside. The military also fully closed the Hebron area and Gaza crossings, only allowing passage for humanitarian cases.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 1 (12–19 June), Days 2–3
On Sunday, Netanyahu said what he had only hinted at previously, that Israel "knew for a fact" that the abduction had been carried out by Hamas, a position the IDF had avoided explicitly stating. He did, however, not provide any evidence. Security officials remained more cautious, tending to accept the probability that a Hebronite Hamas cell was involved, but uncertain whether it was a local initiative to secure prisoner releases or an operation approved by the Hamas leadership in Gaza.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 1 (12–19 June), Days 2–3
A remark by Moshe Ya'alon about the "very heavy price" Hamas leaders might pay was interpreted by one journalist as hinting Israel might be mulling the option of resuming its campaign of targeted killings, this time against the Hamas leadership. Israel's Deputy Minister of Defense, Danny Danon, threatened "possible actions" in Gaza and Ramallah.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 1 (12–19 June), Day 4
Overnight on 16 June, the IDF clashed with Palestinians in Jenin, where they ransacked the offices of Mustafa Barghouti's Palestinian National Initiative and confiscated computers, and 400 soldiers raided the Jalazone refugee camp near Ramallah, killing Ahmad Arafat Samada (Ahmad Sabarin) (21) with a gunshot wound in the chest. The Israeli army said he threw a brick at the Israeli soldiers. A dragnet rounded up a further 50 people, bringing the total of Palestinians detained to 150.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 1 (12–19 June), Day 4
Many arrests, including the former speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council Aziz Duwaik, 66, were part of what IDF Chief of Staff Benny Gantz described as an extensive operation, and were not linked to the search for the youths, but were part of a crackdown to apply pressure on Hamas. Netanyahu's approach has been interpreted as aimed at driving a wedge between Fatah and Hamas in order to break up the reconciliation between the two negotiated in April 2014, and discredit both Abbas and his government, which has been backed by Western countries.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 1 (12–19 June), Day 4
PA sources noted that Hamas, in the unity negotiations, had undertaken to desist from attacks and bloodshed, and if its involvement were proven, it would be a breach of the agreement that would render the reconciliation null and void, a point repeated later in the week by the Palestinian Foreign Minister.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 1 (12–19 June), Day 5
Overnight 16–17 June, the IDF arrested more than 200 Palestinians. Anything linked to Hamas was being targeted, an official source said. The IDF shifted its attentions north, and deployed 1,000 soldiers from the Nahal Brigade for operations around Nablus. In particular the Balata refugee camp and the village of Awarta were scoured in what a spokesman called '"cleaning house" in the "terror capital of Nablus"', and a further 41 Palestinians were detained, among them the manager of the Hamas-run television channel Al-Aqsa TV, bringing the number of arrests to 200. Israeli soldiers confiscated a large cache of weapons and uncovered a weapons manufacturing lab in Nablus.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 1 (12–19 June), Day 5
Conflicting reports emerged on Israel's collaboration with both the PNA and other regional governments. Israel's Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories, Yoav Mordechai, denied on 16 June that Israel coordinated the search with Palestinian or Egyptian authorities. However, Israel military intelligence confirmed that Israel was working closely with both the PA authorities and Egypt. Egyptian sources stated the same day that Israel had requested their assistance, and that President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi had issued directives to his security services to undertake negotiations with all parties. On 17 June, Israel defence sources said PNA assistance had been "very professional."


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 1 (12–19 June), Day 6
On the night of 18 June, Israel seized a further 64 Palestinians, of whom 51 were Hamas members who had been previously arrested but released in the Gilad Shalit exchange in 2011, bringing to 240 the number of arrests. In six days, the government sources announced, they had searched 800 structures, including the Al-Aqsa radio station in Ramallah and the Hebron-based TransMedia communications company, both linked to Hamas. They were taken in operations in Hebron, Jenin, Nablus, Yatta, Taffuh, Dura, Beit Kahil, East Jerusalem, Idhna, Surif, Beit Ula, Beit Awwa, Deir Sharaf, Salfit, Audla, Tell, Beit Furik and Qabatiya.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 1 (12–19 June), Day 6
The overnight operations also secured the defenses of Israeli settlements. However, in the process 300,000 Palestinians were left under curfew, 600,000 in the area had their movements restricted, and Hebronites with permission to work in Israel, an estimated 20,000, were denied entrance into Israel and thus their livelihood, and, according to an IDF spokesmen, Palestinians preparing for the Ramadan holiday have "taken a hit." Home Front Defense Minister Gilad Erdan also stated that Israel had identified the Hamas cell responsible for the kidnapping.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 1 (12–19 June), Day 7
Overnight on 19 June, troops raided the Bir Zeit University's student union searching for incriminating evidence, finding promotional material for Hamas. The Prime Minister declared at a press conference: "We know more today than we did a few days ago." The IDF arrested 25 wanted Palestinians in the West Bank, and searched 200 homes. Nine more raids were launched against Hamas social services (Dawah) centers. Moshe Ya'alon outlawed West Bank activities of the British Muslim charity, Islamic Relief Worldwide (IRW) because some of its offices employed Hamas members. In East Jerusalem, a social centre operated from a Beit Safafa mosque in Beit Safafa village, and a Sur Baher charity were also closed down. By night's end, 49 Palestinians had been arrested. One of the refugee camp detainees complained that soldiers had stolen $580 from his wallet.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 2 (20–26 June), Day 8
Throughout the week, the arrest of Hamas leaders went quietly as they acceded to their detention, but by Friday, 20 June, sporadic popular resistance began to emerge. Three Palestinians were wounded in a raid on Qalandiya refugee camp, near Jerusalem, while another five were wounded in clashes at the Dheisheh refugee camp by Bethlehem, whose Ibdaa cultural center was wrecked, cheques and money from its safe, together with five computers, confiscated. Four of the victims were reportedly run over by an Israeli jeep.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 2 (20–26 June), Day 8
Also on 20 June, Israeli soldiers near the Qalandiya checkpoint in Ramallah fired live rounds at a group of Palestinians who had thrown homemade grenades at them. Mustafa Hosni Aslan, 22, received a gunshot wound to the head, and died on 25 June. Live fire was used according to the IDF in response to Molotov cocktails, pipe bombs, one makeshift grenade, firecrackers, and stones being thrown at soldiers at the camps.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 2 (20–26 June), Day 8
In Dura's Haninia neighbourhood, after a night-long raid, involving many clashes with local youths, to detain a person Israelis consider to be a terrorist, as troops were withdrawing, eyewitness testimonies reported that a retreating Israeli soldier fired six shots and killed 15-year-old Mohammed Dudeen. Twenty-five more Palestinians were arrested at Dura and Dheisheh, bringing the number of detainees to 320, of which 240 are considered Hamas operatives. The number of sites searched mounted to 1,150, of which 1,000 buildings were damaged, the figure including over 750 homes.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 2 (20–26 June), Day 8
According to Palestinian Foreign Minister Riyad al-Malki Israel had destroyed 150 homes by week's end. In another dawn raid on the Dean's Office and Student Union of the Arab American University in Jenin papers were seized, and Amir Saadi, 17, was shot in the shoulder. The villages of Arraba, Al-Louz, and Artas were also raided.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 2 (20–26 June), Day 8
Riyad al-Malki demanded Israel produce evidence that Hamas was culpable, stating that Netanyahu cannot "keep blaming one side without showing evidence." He said Israel's massive military sweeps were unacceptable, with 300 Palestinians taken in exchange for three Israeli kids, but the Palestinian authority would act to prevent an uprising, for "if the situation continues as it is, this will end up (with) the destruction of what we have built in Palestine."


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 2 (20–26 June), Day 8
On Friday night, Israeli security spokesmen said the "noose was tightening" as troops were concentrated near Hebron, with intelligence officials confident that attempts to move the youths to either Jordan, Gaza, or the Sinai had failed. A spokesman for the Prime Minister, Amos Gilead, stated that Netanyahu's view that Hamas was responsible was "built on the base of firm intelligence." IDF forces ransacked Bethlehem's biggest Islamic charity, devoted to orphan's care, in the Jabal al-Mawalih neighborhood and took away computers and files.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 2 (20–26 June), Day 9
On 21 June, Israeli forces concentrated their investigations on villages north of Hebron, searching wells, pits, and houses. According to Palestinian reports, an elderly man, Ali Abed Jabir, either died during an altercation with Israeli troops who broke into his home while ransacking houses in the village of Haris, or was denied passage for medical treatment after suffering a heart attack. Israel sources state the house was not raided and, on being told of the heart-attack, an Israeli ambulance was called.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 2 (20–26 June), Day 9
A further 39 Palestinians, primarily in Hebron and Bethlehem, were arrested in overnight raids, bringing the number seized to roughly 370, 75 of whom had been released in the 2011 prisoner swap. IDF sources challenged the report, saying only 10 Hamas 'terrorists' were seized. Further claims of soldiers stealing money were made by villagers in Beit Kahil. In the village of al-Bireh, several houses were ransacked, and soldiers broke into the Noon Center for Islamic Studies and the Palmedia TC company where they confiscated computers and damaged furniture.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 2 (20–26 June), Day 9
The IDF said cash had been confiscated in 21 homes of the 146 homes searched overnight. Palestinian sources also stated that in a predawn raid in Nablus, a female reporter was assaulted and troops shot and injured two Palestinian teenagers. In the late afternoon three fire trucks, with pumps to empty pools of water, and an ATV rescue unit were rushed to assist special forces searching an area riddled with caves and wells north of Hebron, between Highway 35 and Highway 60, reportedly without concrete intelligence leads. Netanyahu reaffirmed that 'the information in Israel's hands unequivocally indicates that Hamas is responsible for the abduction of the youths.'


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 2 (20–26 June), Day 10
On 22 June, Israeli units shot dead two Palestinians and wounded another 11 in overnight clashes in Ramallah and Nablus, while nine (Israeli statistic) to 38 (Palestinian statistic) were arrested and five charity offices were raided. Israeli forces also raided Abu Dis and Al-Quds University's law faculty, seizing flags and several computers. Ahmad Said Suod Khalid (27), an epileptic, of Ein Beit al-Ma' refugee camp was shot in the abdomen, back, and thigh, for refusing an order to turn back as he insisted on going to a mosque for dawn prayers.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 2 (20–26 June), Day 10
Muhammad Ismail Atallah Tarifi (30) was found dead on the roof of a building opposite an Israeli sniper position, an autopsy found he was shot dead by an M16, a rifle in use with the IDF. Mourners at his funeral in al-Bireh later complained that settlers from Psagot had fired at them, injuring one. Palestinians, protesting at the cooperation given Israeli forces by their own police, who dispersed crowds by firing live ammunition in the air, smashed four local police cars in Ramallah, and, once Israelis had withdrawn from the city, raided a police station in Al Manara Square.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 2 (20–26 June), Day 10
Abbas, affirming that he was not convinced Hamas was responsible, called on Netanyahu to condemn two earlier killings, and asked if the criminal kidnapping justified 'the killing of Palestinian youth in cold blood?' The Palestinian Prisoners' Society named 420 people so far arrested, claimed Israel consistently understated the numbers and refused to disclose where they are detained.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 2 (20–26 June), Day 10
On Sunday, the Palestinian Authority asked for an urgent convening of the UN Security Council, while mulling an appeal both to the High Contracting Parties of the Fourth Geneva Convention and the UN General Assembly to put an end what it considered to be "collective punishment," "Israeli terrorist aggression against the State of Palestine," and what Hanan Ashrawi termed "a reign of terror directed against a captive Palestinian population."


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 2 (20–26 June), Day 11
On 23 June, 80 locations, including seven Hamas-linked charities, were raided from the Nablus to Hebron and Jenin areas, with a further 37 Palestinians detained overnight. Four money-changing shops in Hebron and one in Bethlehem were also searched, and their computers confiscated. The number of Palestinians under detention rose to 471. An officer interviewed on Walla! said that Israel, having achieved most of its "band of targets,” would close the operation, and that the military incursion pattern in the West Bank, apart from detention raids, would stop within days. No clue to the teenagers' whereabouts, had turned up, but the operation, in crippling Hamas's infrastructure, had been a success. Netanyahu declared: "We've pretty much figured out who are the kidnappers—the actual perpetrators, the supporters, the command structure—and there's no question, these are members of Hamas."


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 2 (20–26 June), Day 12
On 24 June 120 buildings were searched and four to 13 Palestinians were rounded up by Israeli forces in the Hebron area, Beit Kahil, Beit Awwa, al-Arrub refugee camp, and the Hebron neighbourhoods of al-Mahawir, al-Bassa, and al-Hawooz, bringing the number of sites examined to 1,800 and the number of detained Palestinians, in the IDF calculation, to 354, or according to Palestinian sources, over 500. As town searches and arrests wound down, investigators shifted their focus to interrogations of detainees and scrutiny of the 150 security cameras in the area in which the kidnapping is believed to have taken place.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 2 (20–26 June), Day 12
The IDF said it had no substantial lead on the boys' whereabouts, or fate. A lawyer for the PA said that in the wake of the West Bank round-up, the number of Palestinian minors detained in Israeli jails exceeded 250, and that the hunt for the missing Israeli youths served to cover up this fact.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 2 (20–26 June), Day 13
On 25 June, 17 Palestinians were arrested overnight in Yatta, Beit Ummar, Hebron and Bethlehem among them legislative council members Khalid Tafish and Anwar Zaboun, both of Bethlehem, bringing the number of Palestinian legislators arrested in the campaign to 12. Of the 19 people arrested in Beit Ummar since the start of the search, 14 are minors. A Palestinian youth in Khursa, Younis al-Rjoub (18), was shot in the abdomen during a clash with Israeli soldiers.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 2 (20–26 June), Day 14
On 26 June, the Israel Security Agency released the names of two Hamas suspects. The ISA stated that both men had engaged in terrorism, been arrested and served time in the past, and were immediately considered suspects. ISA and Palestinian authorities said they had disappeared from their homes on the night of the kidnapping, and ISA believed them to be integral members of the kidnapping group.


2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers, Sequence of events, Week 2 (20–26 June), Day 14
Overnight, 136 structures were searched and a further 10 Palestinians were arrested in the Hebron area on suspicion of being terrorists. Fatima Ismail Issa Rushdi (78) died of a heart attack during an Israeli raid on the Arruba refugee camp. Nine youths were injured by tear gas or rubber bullets. Two boys, aged 13 and 14, were arrested in Dura. 44-year-old Ismail Ahmad al-Hawamda was shot in the foot, running away from a checkpoint in the Hebron district town of al-Samu.