2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Background
Israel says it takes precautions to avoid civilian casualties and collateral damage, making use if a variety of operational measures, including advance warnings and selective application of military force. Following the current conflict, U.S. military, General Martin Dempsey, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said that Israel went to "extraordinary lengths" to limit civilian casualties and collateral damage during its operation and that the Pentagon had sent a team to see what lessons could be learned from the operation.


2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Background
While a study into a Legal and operational assessment of Israel's targeting practices, found that Israeli targeting practices and positions on the application of the law of armed conflict (LOAC) are broadly within the mainstream of contemporary state practice, and their approach to targeting is consistent with the law and, in many cases, worthy of emulation. Example of advance warnings include phone messages and dropping leaflets, or by using the technique of roof knocking to warn citizens to evacuate their homes. However, this can also have the effect of worsening the humanitarian situation.


2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Background
International critics have said Israel's actions were disproportionate to Palestinian rocket attacks and that led to 2,220 Palestinians being killed in the war, of whom a vast majority were civilians according to figures given by UN. A report by B'Tselem criticized Israel for bombing homes, which it says led to 606 people getting killed in 70 examined attacks. Breaking the Silence said they collected testimonies from over 60 unnamed soldiers to a report which criticized Israel's rules of engagement.


2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Background
Alistair Dawber wrote in The Independent that the "service personnel paint a picture that runs counter to official Israeli military claims that the surgical operation – which became a full-blown conflict after three Israeli teenagers were kidnapped and murdered in the occupied West Bank - took great care to avoid civilian casualties and that Gaza's already fragile infrastructure was not unnecessarily targetted".


2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Background
The Israeli military said they were "committed to properly investigating all credible claims raised via media, NGOs, and official complaints concerning IDF conduct during operation Protective Edge, in as serious a manner as possible" and that they had done so before and that the group had offered no proof. The Independent saw a letter where Breaking the Silence had contacted the Israeli military and requested a meeting with its chief of staff.


2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Background
Israel has had a strained relationship with the United Nations. During the 2008–09 Gaza War, Israel shelled several UN schools. Among them were the Boys School in Beit Lahiya, the Asma Elementary School in Gaza City, the al-Fakhura school in Jabalia and a school in Khan Younis, which were run by the United Nations and were shelters for displaced persons. In one incident of a shelling on a UN warehouse also being used as a shelter, white phosphorus was used.


2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Background
In 2014, Gaza–Israel conflict, over 5,000 homes have been destroyed and 30,000 other damaged by the IDF. A total of 460,000 Palestinians have been displaced due to these factors, since the beginning of the current conflict.


2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Overview
The UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) operated over 245 institutions and schools across the Gaza Strip. The agency has been providing shelter to people displaced by the Gaza–Israel conflict since 12 July, eventually operating 89 shelters. Overall, there were seven incidents in which death or injuries occurred at, or damage was done to, UNRWA Shelters. Of these three (Beit Hanoun, Jabaliya and Rafah) resulted in numerous civilian casualties. The other schools which were shelled include ones in Maghazi (hit twice), Deir El Balah and Zaitoun.


2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Overview
As of 24 July, UNRWA closed 23 facilities and Hamas took advantage of the closures to employ some of these vacant UNRWA buildings as weapon storage sites. On three separate occasions, Palestinian weapons and/or weapons components were found to have been placed in UNRWA schools – on 16, 22, and 29 July. UNRWA denounced the actions as "flagrant violations of the inviolability of its premises". UN Secretary-General, Ban Ki-moon, charged the fact that UN facilities were used by Palestinian militant involved in the fighting to store their weaponry and, in two cases, probably to fire from is "unacceptable".


2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Overview
UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay said on 31 July 2014 that both Hamas militants and Israel might have committed war crimes.


2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Overview
Israel said on 20 November 2014 that it would cooperate with a UN investigation established by U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon because it was "an authentic investigation with potential for us to improve our performance in the course of conflict and learn from our mistakes."


2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Overview
According to an investigation by Human Rights Watch, "Three Israeli attacks that damaged Gaza schools housing displaced people caused numerous civilian casualties in violation of the laws of war". It also criticized Palestinian militant groups for three unrelated cases where weapons and/or weapons components were found in vacant UNRWA schools and Israel for occupying one UNRWA school for military purposes.


2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Overview
The IDF stated that "Hamas chooses where these battles are conducted and, despite Israel's best efforts to prevent civilian casualties, Hamas is ultimately responsible for the tragic loss of civilian life. Specifically in the case of UN facilities, it is important to note the repeated abuse of UN facilities by Hamas, namely with at least three cases of munitions storage within such facilities." Israel has criticized the UNHRC as biased and announced its own investigation into one incident (Beit Hanoun). Human rights groups have expressed skepticism, with Human Rights Watch, stating "Israel has a long record of failing to undertake credible investigations into alleged war crimes" and B'Tselem refusing to participate in the investigations.


2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Schools attacked, Beit Hanoun Elementary Co-ed School A & D
During the 2014 conflict, the area surrounding the Beit Hanoun school was particularly dangerous and, as hostilities intensified, the entire area was exposed to fierce combat. The school was designated as a shelter on 18 July and was hit by indirect artillery fire on 24 July.


2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Schools attacked, Beit Hanoun Elementary Co-ed School A & D
During the three or four days leading to the incident Israel's Coordination and Liaison Administration (CLA) have issued multiple warnings indicating that, rockets were being fired from and around the school and that it needed to be evacuated. On the day prior to the incident, the situation around the school worsened. The ICRC attempted to evacuate the school, but the majority of the residents refused to leave. During that night shrapnel and gunfire hit the school. In the morning military activity appeared to have de-escalated and most people chose to leave, decreased their number to approx 450.


2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Schools attacked, Beit Hanoun Elementary Co-ed School A & D
On 24 July, the day of the incident, the IDF warned that it was about to target objectives 800 meters from the school. Given the risk, UNRWA decided to evacuate its staff as well. UNRWA stated that they contacted the CLA and repeatedly requested that a window of opportunity be granted for this purpose, but no such window was granted by the time of the incident. An attempt was made by UNRWA to persuade remaining residents of the school to leave, but they said that they would remain.


2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Schools attacked, Beit Hanoun Elementary Co-ed School A & D
UNRWA called the CLA and stated that UNRWA would not be evacuating the residents. Later, after some persuasion, the remaining residents choose to leave, but while awaiting evacuation, the school was hit by indirect artillery fires, resulting in 11 being killed, including seven children, two women, and one UN staff member. Additionally, 110 were wounded, including 55 children and 31 women.


2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Schools attacked, Beit Hanoun Elementary Co-ed School A & D
A senior Israel military officer initially stated that the school shelling could have been caused by Israeli forces. Several other Gaza rockets have landed in Beit Hanoun and the IDF had not ruled out one of these rockets landing on the school. Gaza authorities however said that the school was shelled by Israeli forces.


2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Schools attacked, Beit Hanoun Elementary Co-ed School A & D
The IDF on 27 July announced that they had concluded their investigation into the UNRWA deaths. They stated that one IDF mortar bomb had landed in a courtyard of the school but caused no injuries, and that the damage that caused the casualties was not caused by the IDF and UNRWA confirmed rockets fired by Hamas landed in the area. The UN stated that they will be conducting their own investigation as well.


2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Schools attacked, Beit Hanoun Elementary Co-ed School A & D
UNRWA rejected the IDF's account, and stated that the initial shell that struck the school was followed by several others within minutes. UNRWA's preliminary investigation indicated that the school was shelled by the Israel Defense Forces.


2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Schools attacked, Beit Hanoun Elementary Co-ed School A & D
Reporters who visited the school shortly after the attack said that the damage and debris that they observed was consistent with mortar rounds.


2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Schools attacked, Beit Hanoun Elementary Co-ed School A & D
According to the Human Rights Watch investigation, the school was hit four times in short succession, and that the Israeli account was "implausible". It concluded that Israeli shells hit the schools. Regarding an Israeli statement that it asked ICRC to help evacuate the facility, but "Hamas prevented civilians from evacuating the area during the window that the IDF [Israel Defense Forces] gave them", Human Rights Watch stated that it found no evidence that Hamas had prevented anyone from leaving. The ICRC stated that it received no request from Israel to evacuate.


2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Schools attacked, Beit Hanoun Elementary Co-ed School A & D
The UN investigation found that the incident was attributable to the IDF.


2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Schools attacked, Jabalia Elementary Girls School A & B
The UNRWA School is located in a heavily built up area in the center of the Jabalia Camp. In the weeks and days prior to the incident, there were several incidents of shelling by the IDF of buildings in the vicinity of the School. In the days prior to the incident, armed clashes between militants and the IDF were talking place in the east of the Jabalia Camp and the IDF dropped leaflets requesting residents to move to Gaza City. However, witnesses interviewed by UNRWA had stated that there was no militant activity in the school or in its close vicinity, though one stated that she had heard rockets not far from the school in the days before the incident.


2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Schools attacked, Jabalia Elementary Girls School A & B
At some time between 04:30 and 04:45 in the morning of 30 July, an explosion occurred outside the school, causing shrapnel to fall into the schoolyard. At approximately 04:45, the school was hit by a barrage of four 155 MM high explosive (HE) projectiles, an artillery indirect fire weapon. Between 17 and 18 people were killed and 99 suffered injuries.


2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Schools attacked, Jabalia Elementary Girls School A & B
IDF officials acknowledged that five tank shells hit the school when soldiers responded to Mortar fire from the vicinity of the school. The IDF stated that Palestinian militants were firing about 200 yards away. A journalist from The New York Times who visited Jalabi days after the incident stated that no one they had interviewed had seen "Palestinian fighters or Israeli soldiers in the area... and there were no bullet holes or empty casings suggesting close clashes [in the area]." The UNRWA stated that Israel had been informed 17 times of the shelter's location, in order to avoid it.


2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Schools attacked, Jabalia Elementary Girls School A & B
According to the Human Rights Watch Investigation, "at least one shell apparently hit the roof of a classroom on the second floor where women and children were sleeping. Another shell hit the courtyard." It stated that Israel provided no evidence or information to suggest militants were operating in the area and that it "has not explained why, even if it were responding to militants' mortar fire, it used a weapon as indiscriminate as a high-explosive heavy-artillery shell so near to a UN school housing displaced people."


2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Schools attacked, Jabalia Elementary Girls School A & B
Following the incident, White House Press Secretary Josh Earnest condemned the shelling in his daily press briefing on 31 July 2014. He stated that "the shelling of a U.N. facility that is housing innocent civilians who are fleeing violence is totally unacceptable and totally indefensible. And it is clear that we need our allies in Israel to do more to live up to the high standards that they have set for themselves".


2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Schools attacked, Rafah Preparatory A Boys School
The school is located in the densely populated city of Rafah, in the southern tip of the Gaza Strip. On the day of the incident it was sheltering approx. 2,700 to 2,900 persons. Between 10:40 and 10:45 of 3 August, a precision-guided missile, launched from the air by the IDF, struck the road outside the school, five to six meters from the school gate. Fifteen persons who were in the vicinity of the gate at the time were killed.


2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Schools attacked, Rafah Preparatory A Boys School
The Palestine Red Crescent Society announced that the attack occurred while people were in line to get food from aid workers. Robert Turner, director of operations for the U.N. Palestinian refugee agency in Gaza, said the strike killed at least one UN staffer. The attack was denounced by the UN secretary general Ban Ki-moon as a "moral outrage" and "criminal act", and condemned by the US State Department as disgraceful.


2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters, Schools attacked, Rafah Preparatory A Boys School
The Government of Israel stated to the UN Board of Inquiry that an examination of the incident was being undertaken at the request of the Military Advocate General (MAG). The IDF had fired an aerial-launched missile at the motorcycle, which had been carrying three militants from Palestinian Islamic Jihad. By the time that it became apparent that the strike would coincide with the motorcycle passing by the school gate, it had no longer been possible to divert the missile. Human Rights Watch, 2014 report, questioned the circumstances of the incident and Israeli stated target, saying that Israel has offered no convincing information. The UN Board of Inquiry 2015 report confirmed that the missile had been directed at a motorcycle carrying three individuals.


2014 Israel–Gaza conflict in video games
During the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict, authors sympathetic to both of the sides released video game apps on the Google Play Store and App Store concerning the conflict. The themes and content of the games caused controversy, and several were removed.


2014 Israel–Gaza conflict in video games, Pro-Israeli apps
Bomb Gaza was an app released on 29 July 2014 and was downloaded between 500 and 1,000 times before being removed for Google Play on 4 August. Its logo was an F16 fighter jet, as used by the Israeli Defense Forces, and its description was to "drop bombs and avoid killing civilians". The app's maturity setting was set at low, which made it available to younger users. Bomb Gaza was also playable on Facebook before being removed by 5 August. The site retains a page which describes the game as "very addictive and fun".


2014 Israel–Gaza conflict in video games, Pro-Israeli apps
Other games on Google Play included Gaza Assault: Code Red, which described itself with  "Terrorist cells are launching rockets into your country, do you have what it takes to protect your citizens? ", and the player controls an Israeli drone. There was also Whack the Hamas, in which the player fights members of Hamas. Its description was "The Hamasites are coming out of their tunnels! Don't let them escape, otherwise they will hurt innocent civilians!" The game claimed to be "inspired by the operation 'Tzuk Eitan'. ", an Israeli name for the conflict, often translated to Operation Protective Edge in English. Both were removed by 5 August.


2014 Israel–Gaza conflict in video games, Pro-Israeli apps
Iron Dome Missile Defense was released by Simon Rosenzweig on 30 July to Apple's App Store, and involves the player using Israel's Iron Dome to defend a city from an unnamed "enemy". Rosenzweig did not name this "enemy" deliberately, stating "I wish not to see apps that support hate in any way".


2014 Israel–Gaza conflict in video games, Pro-Palestinian apps
Rocket Pride was developed by Best Arabic Games. Its description is "supporting heroes besieged in the Gaza Strip from an oppressive occupier" by "controlling the resistance missiles and hitting the objectives assigned to them" through outmanoeuvring the Iron Dome. The game was removed from Google Play on 5 August.


2014 Israel–Gaza conflict in video games, Pro-Palestinian apps
Gaza Hero and Gaza Defender were still live on Google Play as of 5 August. In the former, which begins with a screen saying "curse Israel", the player taps Israeli soldiers to turn them into food and medicine, while in the latter the player shoots down aircraft.


2014 Israel–Gaza conflict in video games, Reaction
A Google spokesperson said that although the corporation does not comment on specific apps, it "remove[s] apps from Google Play that violate [their] policies." These policies ban apps that advocate "against groups of people based on their race or ethnic origin", or are threatening.


2014 Israel–Gaza conflict in video games, Reaction
Amnesty International UK said that the apps were "in highly questionable taste" and that players "should consider closing their war games app and instead read about real life right now in Gaza City, Rafah or indeed in southern Israel."


2014 Israel–Gaza conflict in video games, Reaction
Chris Doyle, the Director of the Council for Arab-British Understanding said of the games “You can have video games that deal with war, but when you base it in a reality of a conflict that’ going on right now it’s extremely problematic. It’s in very, very poor taste and it doesn’t create a culture of peace - and we need to, more than ever before.” He added "Google, Facebook or any other company that host such games, should be reviewing their policies and making absolutely all efforts to ensure that such games are not hosted on their platforms."


2014 Israel–Gaza conflict in video games, Reaction
Morton Klein, president of the Zionist Organization of America, said "It is both deplorable and dangerous to glorify Israelis killing Arabs or Arabs killing Israelis."


2014 Istanbul mayoral election
The Istanbul mayoral elections of 2014 were held on 30 March 2014 as part of the local elections taking place throughout Turkey on the same day. The Metropolitan Mayor of Istanbul as well as the district mayors of the 39 districts of Istanbul were elected, along with municipal councillors for each district municipality. The metropolitan municipality race was one of the most high-profile and close watched elections in the country, with the Justice and Development Party (AKP) candidate Kadir Topbaş being re-elected for a third consecutive term as mayor with 47.9% of the vote. Mustafa Sarıgül, the Republican People's Party (CHP) candidate, came second with 40% of the vote.


2014 Italian Athletics Championships
The 2014 Italian Athletics Championships (Italian: Campionati italiani assoluti di atletica leggera 2014) was the 104th edition of the Italian Athletics Championships and were held in Rovereto from 18 to 20 July 2014.


2014 Italian Athletics Indoor Championships
2014 Italian Athletics Indoor Championships was the 45th edition of the Italian Athletics Indoor Championships and were held in Ancona.


2014 Italian Basketball Cup
The 2014 Italian Basketball Cup was the 46th season of the Italian Basketball Cup. The tournament was held from 7 February till 9 February 2014 at the Mediolanum Forum in Milano.


2014 Italian Basketball Cup
Banco di Sardegna Sassari won its first cup in franchise history. Travis Diener was named Finals MVP.


2014 Italian Basketball Cup, Participants
The following eight teams qualified based on their standings in the 2012–13 Lega Basket Serie A.


2014 Italian F4 Championship
The 2014 Italian F4 Championship was the inaugural season of the Italian F4 Championship, as it replaces Formula Abarth. It began on 8 June in Adria and finished on 12 October in Imola after seven triple header rounds.


2014 Italian F4 Championship
The championship was won by Canadian driver Lance Stroll, a member of the Ferrari Driver Academy, taking 7 overall victories and 3 further class victories from 18 races contested – he missed the final round at Imola due to injury. Stroll, driving for Prema Powerteam, finished 94 points clear of his closest championship rival, Mattia Drudi of the F & M team. Drudi won four races overall, including a hat-trick at Monza, as well as a class victory in the final race of the season.


2014 Italian F4 Championship
Third in the championship went to Diegi Motorsport driver Andrea Russo, taking an overall victory at Adria, as well as a class victory at Mugello. Euronova Racing by Fortec's Ukyo Sasahara, and his replacement, Andrea Fontana were the only other eligible drivers to take an overall victory, with wins at Adria and Magione respectively. Fontana also achieved a class victory at Imola, while the third Imola class win was taken by SMP Racing by Euronova and Ivan Matveev. Prema Powerteam won the teams' championship, 58 points clear of Euronova Racing by Fortec.


2014 Italian F4 Championship
In the concurrent Italian F4 Trophy for drivers over the age of 18, the championship was dominated by Prema Powerteam's Brandon Maïsano. Maïsano won the first 10 races of the season, and ultimately finished the season with 17 class wins and 19 podiums from the 21 races. Maïsano also achieved six overall victories during the season, but was ineligible to score points towards the main championship. He finished 176 points clear of his next closest rival, Ali Al-Khalifa, who took a single class win at Magione. Keith Camilleri finished third in class with nine second place finishes, while Sennan Fielding was the only other driver to take part in the class; he achieved three class wins, including an overall win at Imola, from his six starts.


2014 Italian F4 Championship, Race calendar and results
The calendar was published on 8 February 2014. The series was scheduled to be a part of the ACI Racing Weekends for five rounds during the 2014 season, with the rounds in Monza and Montmeló being held in support of International GT Open. However, the final round at Montmeló was replaced by another Imola round, and thus, all rounds were held in Italy.


2014 Italian F4 Championship, Championship standings
The Trophy Class had the same point system but without points for the fastest time in the qualifying sessions and fastest laps.


2014 Italian F4 Championship, Italian F4 Winter Trophy, Race calendar and results
All races were held at Adria International Raceway in Italy.


2014 Italian Figure Skating Championships
The 2014 Italian Figure Skating Championships (Italian: Campionati Italiani Assoluti 2014 Pattinaggio Di Figura Su Ghiaccio) was held at the Meranarena in Merano from December 18 through 21, 2013. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, ice dancing, and synchronized skating on the senior and junior levels. The results are among the criteria used to choose Italy's teams for ISU Championships.


2014 Italian GT Championship
The 2014 Italian GT Championship was the 23rd season of the Italian GT Championship, the grand tourer-style sports car racing founded by the Italian automobile club (Automobile Club d'Italia). The season started on 11 May at Misano and ended on 26 October at Monza after seven double-header meetings.


2014 Italian GT Championship
The drivers' championship was won by Scuderia Baldini 27 Network drivers Lorenzo Casè and Raffaele Giammaria, finishing just three points of their nearest rivals, Marco Mapelli and Thomas Schoeffler. A further fifteen points behind in third place were MP1 Corse's Nicola Benucci. While GTC category was won by Massimo Omar Galbiatil.


2014 Italian Grand Prix
The 2014 Italian Grand Prix (formally the Formula 1 Gran Premio d'Italia 2014) was a Formula One motor race held on 7 September at the Autodromo Nazionale di Monza in Monza, Lombardy. It was the 13th round of the 2014 Formula One World Championship and the 65th Italian Grand Prix held as part of the series. Mercedes driver Lewis Hamilton won the 53-lap race from pole position. His teammate Nico Rosberg finished second and Williams driver Felipe Massa took third.


2014 Italian Grand Prix
Hamilton claimed the 36th pole position of his career by recording the fastest lap in qualifying but a slow start dropped him behind Rosberg. He returned to second by lap ten and drew closer to teammate Rosberg. He was instructed by radio to remain at least 21⁄2 seconds behind Rosberg but opted to ignore the message and took the lead on lap 29 when Rosberg ran off the circuit. Hamilton maintained the lead for the rest of the race to achieve his sixth victory of the season and the 28th of his career. There were three lead changes among two different drivers during the course of the race.


2014 Italian Grand Prix
The result saw Hamilton lower Rosberg's lead in the World Drivers' Championship to 22 points with Daniel Ricciardo remaining in third position. Valtteri Bottas moved to fourth position while Fernando Alonso did not finish the race and fell to fifth. Mercedes increased their lead in the World Constructors' Championship to 182 points over the second-placed Red Bull. Williams overtook Ferrari for third with six races left in the season.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Background
The 2014 Italian Grand Prix was the 13th of the 19 round 2014 Formula One World Championship, and the 65th running of the event as part of the series. It was held on 7 September at the 5.793 km (3.600 mi) 11-turn Autodromo Nazionale di Monza in Monza, Lombardy. The drag reduction system (DRS) had two activation zones for the race: one was on the straight between the second Lesmo corner and the Ascari chicane, and the second was on the straight linking Parabolica to the Rettifilo chicane. Tyre supplier Pirelli brought the white-banded medium and orange-banded hard dry tyre compounds to the race.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Background
Before the race Mercedes driver Nico Rosberg led the World Drivers' Championship with 220 points, ahead of teammate Lewis Hamilton in second and Daniel Ricciardo in third. Fernando Alonso was fourth on 121 points and Valtteri Bottas was a further eleven points behind in fifth. Mercedes led the World Constructors' Championship with 411 points, and Red Bull were second on 254 points. Ferrari and Williams were third and fourth and McLaren fifth.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Background
Following a collision between Hamilton and Rosberg on the second lap of the preceding Belgian Grand Prix, the third such incident surrounding the Mercedes team in 2014, which went back to qualifying for the Monaco Grand Prix when Rosberg was accused of spoiling Hamilton's lap, the Mercedes team principal Toto Wolff threatened sanctions against one driver if a similar situation happened again and insisted that both men were obliged to serve the team's interests.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Background
Hamilton said his objective at Monza was to regain some of the lost ground in the Drivers' Championship and would not give up until the season-closing round in Abu Dhabi: "It's as big as it's been all season so I've got a lot of work ahead of me but anything can happen in this sport." Rosberg was aware of his situation in the title battle and was confident of achieving a strong result: "I'm focused on taking the maximum points possible in the remaining seven races and I know the team is too, starting with a top result this weekend."


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Background
The Parabolica corner was altered ahead of the race. A large portion of its gravel trap was replaced with asphalt, reportedly for a possible return of the Superbike World Championship in 2015 after series officials raised concerns about a lack of run-off areas on the circuit. The change was heavily criticised by the sport's fan base on social media and certain drivers who felt it removed part of the challenge from Parabolica.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Background
The Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) race director Charlie Whiting, defended the changes, saying drivers and the FIA asked for changes to be made for safety reasons but acknowledged that the corner might not provide as much of a challenge than before. Others joined in Whiting's defence, including Romain Grosjean, who believed the gravel trap's removal would allow drivers to find their limit quicker because of a lack of fear of a major accident.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Background
A total of 11 teams (each representing a different constructor) each fielded two race drivers for the event with one driver change and four free practice participants. Having driven in one of the two Caterham cars in lieu of regular driver Kamui Kobayashi at the preceding Belgian Grand Prix, three-time 24 Hours of Le Mans winner and 2011 Formula Nippon champion André Lotterer was replaced by Kobayashi. Lotterer planned to race at Monza but did not do so after Caterham team principal Colin Kolles ran Formula Renault 3.5 Series driver Roberto Merhi in the first practice session.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Background
He told the press that he needed the maximum amount of driving time because he was a rookie. Kobayashi said he was looking forward to testing an updated CT05 car and did not doubt the team's decision to change drivers. Lotus reserve driver Charles Pic replaced Grosjean for the first free practice session for the first time in 2014. Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters driver Daniel Juncadella used Pérez's Force India vehicle for the session's first half-hour, and Giedo van der Garde drove Adrian Sutil's Sauber car.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Practice
Three practice sessions—two on Friday and a third on Saturday—were held before the Sunday race. The Friday morning and afternoon sessions lasted 90 minutes each; the third, one-hour session was held on Saturday morning. In the first session, which took place in dry and sunny weather, Hamilton was fastest with a time of 1 minute, 26.187 seconds, six-tenths of a second faster than Jenson Button in second, who was fastest until Hamilton's lap, and Rosberg third. Alonso, Kevin Magnussen, Vettel, Kimi Räikkönen, Sergio Pérez, Daniil Kvyat and Nico Hülkenberg occupied position four to ten.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Practice
During the session several drivers noted the hard compound tyres took longer than anticipated to reach their optimum working temperature, and some went off the track while acquainting themselves with a low-downforce set-up. Ricciardo had DRS trouble and his session ended early when he entered the pit lane with a suspected energy recovery system problem, and Magnussen had rear-braking issues.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Practice
Rosberg set the fastest lap of the second session at 1 minute, 26.225 seconds; Hamilton was 0.061 seconds behind in second despite electrical repairs taking an hour in the garage, with Räikkönen third. His teammate Alonso was fourth-fastest, with Bottas fifth and Button sixth. Vettel (who ran wide at Parabolica corner on his fastest lap), Magnussen, Massa and Ricciardo followed in the top ten. Multiple drivers went off the track during the session. The Lotus duo of Grosjean and Maldonado struggled to generate heat into their tyres and had further difficulty with braking stability and steering.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Practice
In the third session, which was held in warmer and sunnier weather, Hamilton set the fastest lap of the weekend so far of 1 minute, 25.519 seconds, ahead of Alonso in second and the Williams duo of Bottas and third and fourth. Button, Vettel, Räikkonen, Kvyat, Ricciardo and Hülkenberg were in positions five to ten. Reoccurring gearbox problems forced Rosberg to abandon his short run programme early.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Qualifying
Saturday afternoon's qualifying session was divided into three parts. The first part ran for 18 minutes, eliminating cars that finished 17th or below. The 107% rule was in effect, requiring drivers to reach a time within 107 per cent of the quickest lap to qualify. The second session lasted 15 minutes, eliminating cars that finished 11th to 16th. The final part ran for 12 minutes and determined pole position to tenth. Cars that qualified for the final session had to start the race on the tyre they set their quickest lap times in the second session.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Qualifying
Qualifying took place in warm weather. Hamilton was fastest in all three sessions to claim his fifth pole position of the season, the 36th of his career, and his first since the Spanish Grand Prix with a lap of 1 minute, 24.109 seconds. He was joined on the grid's front row by Rosberg (using a repaired gearbox) who had improved on his first timed lap, but an oversteer through the Ascari chicane prevented him from achieving pole position.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Qualifying
The two Williams duo of Bottas and Massa were third and fourth; both drivers could not improve their fastest times on their second attempts. They were ahead of McLaren's Magnussen and Button in fifth and sixth; the latter lost time through the Lesmo corners on his final timed lap. Alonso was slightly slower than Vettel after his first lap, but he improved slightly for seventh. He attributed his pace to recording similar lap times on four sets of tyres. Vettel qualified higher than his teammate Ricciardo for the fourth time in the past six races to secure eighth. Ricciardo started ninth and Pérez tenth.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Qualifying
Kvyat was the fastest driver not to qualify for the final session; he took a ten-place grid penalty for an overnight engine change, his sixth of the season. Hence, Räikkonen inherited 11th. Räikkonen lacked car grip and locked his front tyres, ending his first timed lap early because cars exiting the pit lane reduced his visibility for the Rettifilo chicane. After preparing for a second lap, he locked his right-front wheel and drove onto a run-off area. Jean-Éric Vergne was 12th with Hülkenberg 13th after traffic slowed his preparation for a lap at Parabolica and felt the car was loose.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Qualifying
Sutil had problems driving but gradually improved his car's balance as he drove, and improved on his final lap to secure 14th, ahead of teammate Esteban Gutiérrez, who made a minor error on his final lap. Maldonado failed to advance beyond the first session; his teammate Grosjean did five laps after missing the first 13 minutes as Lotus repaired a fluid leak. Kobayashi slipstreamed his teammate Marcus Ericsson to pass Jules Bianchi for 18th, with Bianchi not improving because he slid sideways through the Ascari chicane and other drivers were faster on the medium compound tyres. His teammate Max Chilton qualified 20th and Ericsson took 22nd; the latter was hindered by a lack of running on the medium tyres following an engine problem in the third practice session.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Qualifying, Qualifying classification
The fastest lap in each of the three sessions is denoted in bold.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Race
The weather at the start was dry and sunny, with the air temperature 25 °C (77 °F) and the track temperature from 37 to 42 °C (99 to 108 °F). A right-front wheel cooler fitted to Hamilton's car detached and crunched on the front wing, causing Mercedes to push him to his grid slot following a reconnaissance lap. An inspection by Mercedes found there to be no problems for Hamilton. Unlike previous years when softer tyre compounds were selected, making one pit stops was calculated to be faster than two by around 12 seconds.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Race
Ericsson was ordered to begin from the pit lane after being penalised for driving too fast under double waved yellow flag conditions in the third practice session. When the race began from its standing start at 14:00 Central European Summer Time (UTC+02:00), an incorrect mode dropped Hamilton to fourth and moving Rosberg to the lead into the Rettifilo chicane. Wheelspin dropped Bottas to 11th. Magnussen passed Massa on the left for second going into the Rettifilo chicane. Pérez accelerated faster than Alonso and passed him before Alonso repassed Pérez on the left at Curva Grande corner.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Race
Vettel moved to fifth by the end of the first lap but his teammate Ricciardo was put wide onto the chicane's run-off area, dropping four positions over the same distance. Massa attempted to take second from Magnussen by braking later than he did at the start of lap two as Rosberg pulled away from the two. Magnssen went wide at Curva Grande corner and blocked another pass from Massa. DRS was enabled on the next lap and Hamilton used it to attack Massa, allowing Magnussen to pull away from Massa.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Race
Magnussen defended but ran deep entering the Rettifilo chicane, allowing Massa to slipstream him into the Variante della Roggia chicane and steered right to claim second place. Magnussen entered the turn off the racing line, spun his tyres on its exit, allowing Hamilton past for third into the first Lesmo corner with better acceleration. Massa and Hamilton pulled away from Magnussen who was being caught by Vettel, Button, Alonso and Pérez.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Race
Hülkenberg lost ninth to Räikkonen on the same lap and Bottas was unable to find the space at Parabolica corner to attempt a pass. Bottas did however overtake Hülkenberg for tenth at the Rettifilo chicane. Chilton entered the Variante della Roggia chicane too fast on lap six, and hit the second set of kerbs at the corner, launching his airborne car into the barrier, ending his race. The safety car was not needed. Rosberg led by almost four seconds by the conclusion of the lap and moved his brake bias towards the front of his car.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Race
As Massa went faster Rosberg did the same in response. On the following lap, Rosberg locked his tyres into the Rettifilo chicane at 206 mph (332 km/h), drove onto an escape road and slalomed through obstacles to retain the lead. His advantage over Massa fell to two seconds. Hamilton used DRS to steer left before the Rettifilo chicane and passed Massa for second on the 10th lap.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Race
Hamilton began drawing closer to Rosberg but required a further few laps to pull clear from Massa; he did not attack Rosberg and stayed out of his teammate's slipstream, nursed his tyres and minimised his fuel usage. Bottas overtook Räikkönen for ninth on lap 13; the next lap, he slipstreamed past Pérez on the left for ninth into the Rettifilo chicane. Bottas overcame Alonso's defence on the outside to take seventh on the main straight during lap 16. Two laps later, Bottas passed Button on his right for sixth.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Race
Red Bull elected to bring Vettel into the pit lane at the end of the same lap for hard compound tyres to try and pass Magnussen on pit stop strategy rather than duel Bottas. Pérez followed in response the following lap. Bottas passed Magnussen for fourth at the Rettifilo chicane on lap 21. Magnussen and Alonso made their pit stops on the next lap, rejoining in ninth and eleventh, behind Vettel and Pérez separated them. Magnussen slid exiting the Variante della Roggia chicane trying to pass Pérez.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Race
Massa made his pit stop from third on lap 24, and emerged in fifth. Hamilton received instructions for an engine mode change and Rosberg entered the pit lane from the lead on the next lap and handed the lead to Hamilton. Bottas made his stop on the same lap and rejoined alongside Vettel on the main straight but was forced wide, allowing Magnussen to pass him. Hamilton took his pit stop on the 26th lap and handed back first to teammate Rosberg. Bottas also fell behind Pérez but re-passed the latter going into the Rettifilo chicane.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Race
Hamilton's race engineer Peter Bonnington radioed him to stay at least 21⁄2 seconds behind teammate Rosberg and conserve his tyres for an attack later on. Hamilton was aware from previous experiences earlier in the season that the method to pass a driver was to do so when tyre grip was optimal otherwise it would not have been possible to draw close enough to effect a pass. He recorded the fastest lap at that point to move within seven-tenths of a second of his teammate Rosberg by the start of lap 28, causing debate among Mercedes pit lane staff.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Race
Massa at this point was 12 seconds behind and Bonnington allowed Hamilton to attack earlier than planned. Rosberg's front brake temperatures overheated and his attempt to conserve his rear tyres by moving his brake bias towards the front of his car compromised them. Hamilton used DRS and as Rosberg applied his brakes, he drove onto the Rettifilo chicane's run-off area and slalomed his way past some obstacles, promoting Hamilton to the lead.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Race
Alonso's energy recovery system failed, triggering a complete electrical shutdown half a minute later, and stopped at the side of Rettifilo's run-off area to retire for the first time in 2014. Button attempted to pass Pérez into the Rettifilo chicane but the two narrowly avoided contact. Bottas tried to pass Magnussen into the same turn but defensive driving from Magnussen forced Bottas to cut the chicane on lap 31. On the 34th lap, Ricciardo turned right and braked later than Räikkönen for ninth into the Rettifilo chicane.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Race
Hamilton began to pull away from Rosberg, leading his teammate by 4.3 seconds by the start of lap 36. Bottas steered left into the Rettifilo chicane the following lap and Magnussen turned right, causing Bottas to mount a kerb to avoid a collision; Bottas overtook Magnussen. Soon after, the stewards imposed a five-second stop-and-go penalty on Magnussen for putting Bottas off the track in the latter's earlier passing attempt. Button turned right to pass Pérez into the Rettifilo chicane for seventh on lap 39. Pérez then drew alongside Button through the Curva Grande and Variante della Roggia turns.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Race
Pérez steered right and was forced wide onto the Curva di Lesmo chicane kerb in passing Button for seventh. On the following lap, Bottas passed Vettel at the Rettifilo chicane for fourth and his teammate Ricciardo overtook Button for seventh at the same turn. Ricciardo caused Pérez to lock his brakes before the Rettifilo chicane and moved lanes to take seventh at the Variante della Roggia chicane on lap 41.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Race
Button passed Pérez at the second attempt into the Rettifilo chicane but had a slow exit after locking his tyres, allowing Pérez to put Button wide into the Variante della Roggia chicane and reclaim eighth. Ricciardo caught and passed Magnussen on his left at the Rettifilo chicane for six on lap 44 despite locking his tyres and drifting sideways. Ricciardo received a message to chase his teammate Vettel, who defended fifth from Ricciardo into the Rettifilo chicane on lap 47 but was slow leaving the turn. Both drivers were alongside through the Curva Grande corner and Ricciardo turned left to pass Vettel for fifth at the Variante della Roggia chicane. Brake problems caused Gutiérrez to hit Grosjean at the Rettifilo chicane on the 51st lap, puncturing Grosjean's right-rear tyre, who slowly drove into the pit lane.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Race
Kvyat's brakes failed on lap 52, causing him to turn left onto the grass at the Rettifilo chicane to avoid hitting Räikkönen, and clipping a polystyrene marker as he rejoined the track. Hamilton won the race by 3.1 seconds over Rosberg. Massa took his first podium result of the season in third, and his first since the 2013 Spanish Grand Prix. Bottas took fourth, ahead of the Red Bull duo of Ricciardo and Vettel in fifth and sixth. Pérez, Button, Räikkönen and Magnussen rounded out the top ten after his five-second time penalty was applied.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Race
Kvyat, Hülkenberg, Vergne, Maldonado and Sutil, Kobayashi and Bianchi, Gutiérrez and Ericsson were the final classified finishers. It was Hamilton's sixth victory of 2014, his second at Monza, and the 28th of his career. There were three lead changes in the race; two drivers reached the front of the field. Hamilton led twice for a total of 27 laps, more than any other competitor.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Race, Post-race
At the podium ceremony following the race, Rosberg was booed by the crowd, repeating a similar incident towards him at the previous race in Belgium for a collision with Hamilton, which was the catalyst for their displeasure. Hamilton told the press he felt uncomfortable with the fans behaving in such a manner: "I've had it here, years and years ago, and it's great personally for me to have such great support, from the Ferrari fans and the Mercedes fans.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Race, Post-race
But when I was up there, it was awkward for me to hear them booing Nico because I just don't like that in sport." Wolff affirmed that booing should not be heard on the podium but acknowledged Formula One is an emotional sport for its fans while also saying: "It's a sport and sport should unite." When asked about the booing in the press conference, Rosberg replied while it was "not nice" he hoped over time the fans would forgive him for his past actions. At the podium interviews, conducted by former driver Jean Alesi, Massa said he was happy to finish third and was certain luck was beside him with "a lot more to come."


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Race, Post-race
In the hours following the race, conspiracy theories emerged on social media concerning the circumstances of Rosberg losing the lead to Hamilton on lap 29. They suggested the incident was an act of revenge for the collision between Rosberg and Hamilton at the Belgian Grand Prix two weeks prior. Three-time world champion Jackie Stewart said he felt the move was "a bit too easy" and appeared to indicate the error was done purposely: "I thought [Rosberg] could have least made an effort to get round the corner.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Race, Post-race
I first thought 'that's wise', because he knew it wasn't a difficult thing to believe; the second time I thought: 'Hello, what's going on here?'" Wolff denied allegations the mistake was deliberate, suggesting Rosberg was under pressure because of the championship battle but admitted it was uncommon for Rosberg to run wide twice: "Only a paranoid mind could come up with such an idea." Rosberg said Hamilton's fast pace prompted him to push hard and that there was a large probability of flat-spotting a tyre and driving onto the run-off area was the safer option.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Race, Post-race
He stated he learnt about the theory and affirmed there was "no possible reason" for him to purposely drive off the circuit. Television pictures apparently showed Wolff smiling moments after Rosberg's error. Wolff said the broadcast was not live and that the transmission of pit-to-car radio before Rosberg's mistake about him asking Hamilton to slow to preserve his tyres for a late race attack was inaccurate.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Race, Post-race
The stewards deemed Gutiérrez responsible for hitting Grosjean and imposed a 20-second time penalty on him although they accepted he had brake problems. Gutiérrez said his brake problems had manifested in "an inconsistency that sometimes you cannot predict" and the contact with Grosjean was "an unfortunate moment." Sauber team principal Monisha Kaltenborn deemed the incident "unnecessary" and Grosjean said he was unsure as to what happened with Gutiérrez. Williams performance chief Rob Smedley said the team were investigating Bottas' slow start that lost him positions, which it believed it to be clutch-related problem.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Race, Post-race
Bottas stated he felt he was too assertive with his clutch and his race was hindered by a lack of acceleration leaving the chicane: "The start on the formation lap – when we always do the final checks – was a bit compromised because Lewis had a slow getaway, so that maybe hurt a little bit. But definitely the tyres were not in the optimum window."


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Race, Post-race
Alonso was convinced he could have finished fifth had he not retired, saying he felt quicker than Ricciardo and revealed his team changed their approach, prompting him to slow after his problem emerged. He stated the remainder of the season was "not going to be too different" after a strenuous campaign in the past 12 rounds but that Ferrari was prepared: "It is the way at the moment but we cannot do anymore than this." Bottas said Magnussen's driving was "on the limit" but was unsure whether the latter deserved a penalty.


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Race, Post-race
Magnussen was "frustrated" upon receiving his second consecutive time-penalty and stated he would review the incident and carry over lessons into the season's next race. While initial reactions in the United Kingdom disagreed with the stewards decision, Smedley felt the penalty was justified. Red Bull team principal Christian Horner praised Ricciardo's overtakes and called it a strength of his: "For somebody that had a question mark over his overtaking coming into the year, he [has shown it] is right up there with the best."


2014 Italian Grand Prix, Race, Post-race
The result saw Hamilton lower Rosberg's lead in the Drivers' Championship to 22 points, with Ricciardo remaining in third place on 166 points. By finishing fourth Bottas passed the non-finishing Alonso for fourth and the latter fell to fifth. Mercedes further extended their advantage in the Constructors' Championship to lead the second-placed Red Bull by 182 points. Williams overtook Ferrari to move into third place and McLaren were with 110 points with six races left in the season.


2014 Italian Open (tennis)
The 2014 Italian Open (also known as the 2014 Rome Masters and sponsored title 2014 Internazionali BNL d'Italia) was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Foro Italico in Rome, Italy. It was the 71st edition of the Italian Open and was classified as an ATP World Tour Masters 1000 event on the 2014 ATP World Tour and a Premier 5 event on the 2014 WTA Tour. It took place from 11 to 18 May 2014.


2014 Italian Open (tennis), ATP main draw entrants, Singles, Other entrants
The following player received entry using a protected ranking into the main draw:


2014 Italian Open (tennis), ATP main draw entrants, Doubles, Other entrants
The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:


2014 Italian Open (tennis), WTA main draw entrants, Singles, Other entrants
The following player received entry using a protected ranking into the main draw:


2014 Italian Open (tennis), WTA main draw entrants, Doubles, Other entrants
The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:


2014 Italian Open – Men's Doubles
Bob Bryan and Mike Bryan were the defending champions, but lost to Daniel Nestor and Nenad Zimonjić in the semifinals. Nestor and Zimonjić went on to win the title, defeating Robin Haase and Feliciano López in the final, 6–4, 7–6(7–2).


2014 Italian Open – Men's Singles
Novak Djokovic defeated the two-time defending champion Rafael Nadal in the final, 6–4, 3–6, 3–6, to win the Men's Singles title at the 2014 Italian Open.


2014 Italian Open – Men's Singles, Seeds
The top eight seeds receive a bye into the second round.


2014 Italian Open – Men's Singles, Seeds
Click on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.


2014 Italian Open – Women's Doubles
Hsieh Su-wei and Peng Shuai were the defending champions, but lost to Anabel Medina Garrigues and Yaroslava Shvedova in the second round. Květa Peschke and Katarina Srebotnik won the title, defeating Sara Errani and Roberta Vinci in the final, 4–0, ret.


2014 Italian Open – Women's Doubles, Seeds
The top four seeds received a bye into the second round.


2014 Italian Open – Women's Singles
Serena Williams successfully defended her title, beating Sara Errani in the final, 6–3, 6–0.


2014 Italian Open – Women's Singles, Seeds
The top eight seeds receive a bye into the second round.


2014 Italian Open – Women's Singles, Seeds
Click on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.


2014 Italian general strike
The 2014 Italian general strike was a one-day general strike which took place on 12 December across Italy. Two of the country's largest trade union confederations, the Italian General Confederation of Labour (CGIL) and Italian Labour Union (UIL), participated in the action in an effort to stop a plan put forth by Prime Minister Matteo Renzi to weaken labour laws surrounding the hiring and firing of young workers. The Italian Confederation of Workers' Trade Unions (CISL) did not participate. Thousands of workers stopped work for the day to take part in the action across the country. Public protests were held in most major cities and regions.


2014 Italian general strike
In 2011, Italian workers also participated in a general strike against austerity measures proposed by Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi.


2014 Italian local elections
The 2014 Italian local elections were held on  25 May, with a second round on 8 June. In Italy, direct elections were held in 4,086 municipalities: in each municipality (comune) were chosen mayor and members of the City Council. Of the 4,086 municipalities, 29 were provincial capitals and 243 had a population higher than 15,000 inhabitants (10,000 for Sicily).


2014 Italian local elections
Municipal councilors and mayors ordinarily serve a terms of five years.


2014 Italian local elections, Voting System
All mayoral elections in Italy in cities with a population higher than 15,000 use the same system. Under this system voters express a direct choice for the mayor or an indirect choice voting for one of the parties of the candidate's coalition. If no candidate receives a majority of votes, the top two candidates go to a second round after two weeks. The coalition of the elected mayor is guaranteed a majority of seats in the council with the attribution of extra seats.


2014 Italian local elections, Voting System
The City Council is elected at the same time as the mayor. Voters can vote for a list of candidates and can express up to two preferences for candidates of said list. In case of two preferences, they must be given to candidates of both genders. Seats are the attributed to parties proportionally, and for each party the candidates with the highest number of preferences are elected.


2014 Italian local elections, Results
Majority of each coalition in 243 municipalities (comuni) with a population higher than 15,000:


2014 Italian motorcycle Grand Prix
The 2014 Italian motorcycle Grand Prix was the sixth round of the 2014 MotoGP season. It was held at the Mugello Circuit in Scarperia on 1 June 2014.


2014 Italian motorcycle Grand Prix, Championship standings after the race (MotoGP)
Below are the standings for the top five riders and constructors after round six has concluded.


2014 Italian regional elections
A round of regional elections in Italy took place during 2014 in five regions out of twenty including Sardinia (16 February), Piedmont and Abruzzo (25 May), Emilia-Romagna and Calabria (23 November).


2014 Ivan Hlinka Memorial Tournament
The 2014 Ivan Hlinka Memorial Tournament was an under-18 international ice hockey tournament held in Břeclav, Czech Republic and Piešťany, Slovakia, from August 11 to 16, 2014. It was the 11th time this tournament has been held in those two cities.


2014 Ivy League Baseball Championship Series
The 2014 Ivy League Baseball Championship Series was held at Robertson Field at Satow Stadium on the campus of Columbia in New York, NY on May 10. The series matched the regular season champions of each of the league's two divisions, Columbia and Dartmouth in a rematch of the 2013 edition. Columbia again won the series in two games to claim the Ivy League's automatic berth in the 2014 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament.


2014 Ivy League Baseball Championship Series
With the ties for both division leads, tiebreakers were played on the originally scheduled weekend of May 3 and 4 and the Championship series was delayed one week. Tiebreakers were played between Penn and Columbia for the Lou Gehrig Division title and between Yale and Dartmouth to decide the Red Rolfe Division.


2014 Ivy League Baseball Championship Series
Columbia defeated Penn by a score of 4–0 in the tiebreaker for the Lou Gehrig Division. The game was held on May 3 at Meiklejohn Stadium on Penn's campus in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, with Lions senior David Speer extending his scoreless innings streak to 23, recording 9 strikeouts, and allowing just five hits and two walks. Columbia appears in the championship series for the second year in a row and fifth overall.


2014 Ivy League Baseball Championship Series
In the tiebreaker for the Red Rolfe Division, Dartmouth defeated Yale by a score of 11–4. The game was held on May 4 at Dartmouth's home field, Red Rolfe Field at Biondi Park in Hanover, New Hampshire. Big Green starter Beau Sulser exited in the second inning due to an apparent elbow injury, and was replaced by sophomore Duncan Robinson. Robinson completed 5.1 innings to earn his seventh win, tied for most in the Ivy League in 2014. Dartmouth extended its winning streak to eight games and represents the Red Rolfe Division in the Championship Series for the seventh year in a row.


2014 Ivy League Baseball Championship Series
As Columbia compiled the best record in the Ivy League in 2014, they hosted the series at Robertson Field at Satow Stadium in New York, NY.


2014 Ivy League Men's Lacrosse Tournament
The 2014 Ivy League Men's Lacrosse Tournament took place May 2 to May 4 at Harvard Stadium in  Cambridge, Massachusetts. Penn defeated Harvard to win the tournament and received the Ivy League 's automatic bid to the 2014 NCAA Division I Men's Lacrosse Championship.


2014 Ivy League Men's Lacrosse Tournament, Standings
The top four teams in the Ivy League after the regular season advance to the Ivy League Conference Tournament. Harvard and Cornell finished the regular season with identical 5-1 records and share the league title. Tiebreakers only apply to tournament seeding. The winner of the tournament only receives the league's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. League champion is determined only by regular season results.


2014 J.League Cup
The 2014 J.League Cup, also known as the 2014 Yamazaki Nabisco Cup for sponsoring purposes, is the 39th edition of the most prestigious Japanese soccer league cup tournament and the 22nd edition under the current J.League Cup format.


2014 J.League Cup, Format
Teams from the J.League Division 1 will take part in the tournament. Cerezo Osaka, Sanfrecce Hiroshima, Yokohama F. Marinos and Kawasaki Frontale were given a bye to the quarter-finals due to qualification in the 2014 AFC Champions League. The remaining 14 teams started from the group stage, where they were divided into two groups of seven. The group winners and the runners-up of each group qualified for the quarter-final along with the four teams which qualified for the AFC Champions League.


2014 J.League Cup, Goalscorers
Updated to games played on 7 September 2014Names of players in bold are still active. Source:


2014 J.League Cup Final
2014 J.League Cup Final was the 22nd final of the J.League Cup competition. The final was played at Saitama Stadium 2002 in Saitama on November 8, 2014. Gamba Osaka won the championship.


2014 J.League Division 1
The 2014 J.League Division 1 season was the 49th season of top-flight football in Japan, and the 22nd since the establishment of the J.League in 1993. The season began on 1 March and ended on 8 December. Sanfrecce Hiroshima were the defending champions.


2014 J.League Division 1
Due to Japan's participation in the 2014 FIFA World Cup, there was an extended break to allow for preparation after the 14th-week matches on 17 and 18 May, with the league resuming on 15 July for four clubs who participated in the 2014 AFC Champions League to play rescheduled 12th-week matches, and 19 July for other 14 clubs.


2014 J.League Division 1
2014 saw the league played via a home and away system over a single season for the last time until at least 2020. From 2015 the league will revert to an Apertura and Clausura system, with a multi-team play-off 'super stage' to decide the champions, similar to the format used when the J.League began.


2014 J.League Division 1
The league was won by Gamba Osaka, who won their second J.League title following a 0–0 away draw against Tokushima Vortis. They became the second league champions (after Kashiwa Reysol) to win the first division after being promoted as second division champions.


2014 J.League Division 1, Clubs
18 teams compete in this year's competition. Both Gamba Osaka and Vissel Kobe return to J1 after a single season outside the top flight; they finished as the J.League Division 2 champions and runners-up, respectively. Tokushima Vortis, who finished fourth in the regular season and won the promotion playoff, will make their top-flight debut, becoming the first club from Shikoku to do so. Those three teams replaced Oita Trinita, Shonan Bellmare and Júbilo Iwata; Júbilo were relegated from J1 for the first time after twenty seasons in the top tier, while Bellmare and Trinita were bumped down after cameo appearances in J1.


2014 J.League Division 1, Awards, Best Eleven
* The number in brackets denotes the number of times that the footballer has appeared in the Best 11.


2014 J.League Division 1, Attendances
Updated to games played on 8 December 2014Source: Notes:† Team played previous season in J2.


2014 J.League Division 2
The 2014 J.League Division 2 season was the 43rd season of the second-tier club football in Japan and the 16th season since the establishment of J2 League. The season commenced on 2 March and ended on 23 November. Post-season promotion and relegation playoffs will be played until 7 December.


2014 J.League Division 2, Clubs
Gamba Osaka and Vissel Kobe have stayed in the second division for just a year, winning a promotion as champions and runners-up respectively. Fourth-placed Tokushima Vortis won the promotion playoffs and become the very first Shikoku club to play in the top flight since the establishment of Japan Soccer League, the first amateur nationwide football league in Japan. Shonan Bellmare and Oita Trinita were relegated from the first division immediately after promotion, and Júbilo Iwata have suffered their debut relegation after 20 years in the first division.


2014 J.League Division 2, Clubs
On the other end of the table, Kamatamare Sanuki have been promoted from 2013 Japan Football League, replacing Gainare Tottori whom they defeated in the J2–JFL playoffs.


2014 J.League Division 2, Clubs
On 29 September the J.League licensing board issued J1 licenses to all J2 clubs except Mito HollyHock, FC Gifu, and Giravanz Kitakyushu. This means these three clubs are not eligible to play in J1 for 2015 season and therefore cannot be promoted directly or via playoffs.


2014 J.League Division 2, Play-offs, Promotion Playoffs to Division 1
Because Giravanz Kitakyushu did not obtain J1 license for 2015 season, they were ineligible to participate in the playoffs. Thus, JEF United Chiba who finished third in the season received a bye into the final.


2014 J.League Division 2, Attendances
Updated to games played on 23 November 2014Source: Notes:† Team played previous season in J1.‡ Team played previous season in JFL.


2014 J3 League
The 2014 J3 League (referred to as the 2014 Meiji Yasuda J3 League (2014 明治安田生命J3リーグ) for sponsorship reasons) was the 18th season of the third tier of the Japanese football, and the inaugural season of the professional J3 League. The season commenced on 9 March and will finish on November 23, with a 3-week break after the 17th week matches on 21 and 22 June (except one on 25 June), then will resume from 19 and 20 July, due to prefectural qualifiers, followed by the 1st and 2nd round matches of the 2014 Emperor's Cup scheduled during the intermission.


2014 J3 League, Establishment
After the discussion on J1-J2 Joint Committee on 16 January 2013, all J. League clubs agreed in principle with an establishment of the new league starting 2014. This decision was formally put into force by J. League Council on 26 February executive meeting. The league was planned to launch with 10 teams, but another session of J. League Council in July decided that inaugural season of J3 will feature 12 teams.


2014 J3 League, Clubs
In order to participate, a club must have held an associate membership, or had submitted an application before 30 June 2013, and then passed an inspection in order to obtain a participation licence issued by J. League Council. On November 19, J. League has confirmed the following clubs to participate in the inaugural J3 season:


2014 J3 League, Clubs
On 29 September the J. League licensing board issued J2 licenses to the following clubs: Machida Zelvia, Nagano Parceiro, Zweigen Kanazawa, and Gainare Tottori. Tottori's license was issued provisionally, under conditions of financial improvement before 30 October when the league re-assessed the club's financial stance and confirmed the passage of the licensing.


2014 J3 League, Competition rules
The league will be played in three rounds, each team playing a total of 33 matches. J.League U-22 Selection will play all their matches on the road.


2014 J3 League, Competition rules
Each team must feature at least 3 players holding professional contracts. Two foreign players are allowed per team, plus 1 more from the ASEAN partner country of J. League. The matchday roster will consist of 16 players, and up to 5 substitutes will be allowed in a game.


2014 J3 League, Competition rules, Promotion and relegation
Rules for promotion to J2 will be largely similar to those of Japan Football League in the recent seasons: in order to be promoted, a club must hold a J2 license and finish in top 2 of the league. The U-22 team is not eligible for promotion regardless of their final position. The champions will be promoted directly, in exchange to 22nd-placed J2 club; and the runners-up will participate in the playoffs with 21st J2 club. If either or both top 2 finishers are ineligible for promotion, the playoffs and/or direct exchange will not be held in accordance to the exact positions of promotion-eligible clubs.


2014 J3 League, Competition rules, Promotion and relegation
No relegation to JFL is planned. Up to 2 clubs may be promoted if they are licensed by J. League for J3 participation and finish in top-4 of JFL.


2014 J3 League, Foreign players
Note: A special team, composed of best J1 and J2 youngsters in order to prepare them to 2016 Olympics


2014 J3 League, J2 promotion playoffs
J3 runners-up Nagano Parceiro played the 21st-placed J2 club Kamatamare Sanuki in a two-legged playoffs. The winning club will play in J2 in 2015 season.


2014 J3 League, Attendance
Updated to games played on 23 November 2014Source: Notes:League average is compared to JFL average of 2013.† Team played previous season in J2.‡ Team played previous season in the Regional Leagues.


2014 JO25
2014 JO25 is a near-Earth asteroid. It was discovered in May 2014 by astronomers at the Catalina Sky Survey near Tucson, Arizona - a project of NASA's NEO (Near Earth Object) Observations Program in collaboration with the University of Arizona.


2014 JO25, Orbit and classification
2014 JO25 belongs to the Apollo asteroids, which cross the orbit of Earth. Apollos are the largest group of near-Earth objects with nearly 10 thousand known members. It is also a potentially hazardous asteroid due to its sufficiently large size (an absolute magnitude brighter than 22), and its Earth-MOID (see below) of less than 0.05 AU.


2014 JO25, Orbit and classification
It orbits the Sun at a distance of 0.25–3.90 AU once every 3 years (1,086 days; semi-major axis of 2.07 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.89 and an inclination of 25° with respect to the ecliptic. This makes it also a Venus- and Mercury-crossing asteroid.


2014 JO25, Orbit and classification
The body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken by Pan-STARRS in May 2011, or 3 years prior to its official first observation at Mount Lemmon.


2014 JO25, Orbit and classification, Close approaches
This asteroid has a minimum orbital intersection distance (MOID) with Earth of 1,650,000 km; 1,020,000 mi (0.0110 AU), which translates into 4.3 lunar distances.


2014 JO25, Orbit and classification, Close approaches, 2017 Earth flyby
2014 JO25 made a close flyby of Earth on 19 April 2017, and at its closest approach on that date came within 1.8 million kilometers (1.1 million miles) of the planet. It reached an apparent magnitude of 10.76.


2014 JO25, Orbit and classification, Close approaches, 2017 Earth flyby
The 2017-flyby within a distance of 1.8 million kilometers was the closest approach to Earth by 2014 JO25 for at least the next 400 years.


2014 JO25, Physical characteristics
2014 JO25 is a peanut-shaped contact binary asteroid. It is an assumed stony S-type asteroid.


2014 JO25, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
Early estimation based on observed absolute magnitude and estimated albedo indicates object 600–1400 meters (m) in diameter. In 2014, further research based on NEOWISE data indicated an object of 650 m in diameter and albedo 0.25.


2014 JO25, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
Based on a generic magnitude-to-mean-diameter conversion, 2014 JO25 measures approximately 720 m in diameter, using an absolute magnitude of 18.1 and assuming an albedo of 0.20, which is typical for stony asteroids. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 818 meters based on an absolute magnitude of 17.8.


2014 JO25, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo
Observation of the asteroid with the Goldstone Solar System Radar were performed between April 15 and 21, 2017 by Arecibo Observatory and Goldstone Solar System Radar. Results show that the largest dimension of this contact binary is at least 870 meters.


2014 JO25, Physical characteristics, Rotation period
The 2017 radiometric observations at Arecibo and Goldstone also gave a rotation period of approximately 4.5 hours. Also in April 2017, a rotational lightcurve of this asteroid was obtained from photometric observations by Brian Warner at the Palmer Divide Station (U82) in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a refined period of 4.531 hours with a brightness amplitude between 0.14 and 0.64 magnitude (U=n.a. ).


2014 JO25, Numbering and naming
As of 2018, this minor planet has not been numbered or named.


2014 JO25, Gallery
Radar images of the asteroid were taken on 18 April 2017 by the Goldstone Solar System Radar:


2014 JO25, Gallery
Sky trajectory as hourly motion north of the ecliptic, and in Draco at closest approach


2014 JO25, In context
2014 JO25 on a graph plotting the closest flyby distance to Earth and size of NEOs in 2017.


2014 JPMorgan Chase data breach
The 2014 JPMorgan Chase data breach was a cyberattack against American bank JPMorgan Chase that is believed to have compromised data associated with over 83 million accounts—76 million households (approximately two out of three households in the country) and 7 million small businesses. The data breach is considered one of the most serious intrusions into an American corporation's information system and one of the largest data breaches in history.


2014 JPMorgan Chase data breach, The cyberattack
The attack—disclosed in September 2014—was discovered by the bank's security team in late July 2014, but not completely halted until the middle of August. The bank declared that login information associated with the accounts (such as social security numbers or passwords) was not compromised but names, email and postal addresses, and phone numbers of account holders were obtained by hackers, raising concerns of potential phishing attacks.


2014 JPMorgan Chase data breach, The cyberattack
The attack targeted nine other major financial institutions alongside JPMorgan Chase. As of October 9, the only other company believed to have had data stolen is Fidelity Investments but investigators reported that the attack attempted to infiltrate the networks of banks and financial companies such as Citigroup, HSBC Holdings, E*Trade, Regions Financial Corporation and payroll-service firm Automatic Data Processing (ADP).


2014 JPMorgan Chase data breach, The cyberattack, Indictments and extradition
US federal indictments were issued against four hackers in the massive fraud in November 2015. Two Israelis indicted, Gery Shalon and Ziv Orenstein,  were arrested in Israel  and will be extradited to the U.S. according to Israel's Justice Ministry. American hacker Joshua Samuel Aaron had also been part of the indictments.


2014 JSM Challenger of Champaign–Urbana
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Hugo999 (talk | contribs) at 23:16, 29 November 2019 (removed Category:November 2014 sports events in North America; added Category:November 2014 sports events in the United States using HotCat). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


2014 JSM Challenger of Champaign–Urbana
The 2014 JSM Challenger of Champaign–Urbana was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the nineteenth edition of the tournament which is part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Champaign, Illinois, United States between November 10 and November 16, 2014.


2014 JSM Challenger of Champaign–Urbana, Singles main draw entrants, Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:


2014 JSM Challenger of Champaign–Urbana – Doubles
Edward Corrie and Daniel Smethurst were the defending champions, however Smethurst chose not to participate. Corrie partnered Frederik Nielsen but lost in the first round.


2014 JSM Challenger of Champaign–Urbana – Doubles
Ross William Guignon and Tim Kopinski won the title, defeating Frank Dancevic and Adil Shamasdin in the final, 7–6(7–2), 6–2.


2014 JSM Challenger of Champaign–Urbana – Singles
Tennys Sandgren was the defending champion, however he lost in the first round to James Duckworth.


2014 JSM Challenger of Champaign–Urbana – Singles
Adrian Mannarino won the title, defeating Frederik Nielsen in the final, 6–2, 6–2.


2014 Jackson State Tigers football team
The 2014 Jackson State Tigers football team  represented Jackson State University in the 2014 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Tigers were led by first-year head coach Harold Jackson and played their home games at Mississippi Veterans Memorial Stadium. They were a member of the East Division of the Southwestern Athletic Conference. They finished the season 5–7, 3–6 in SWAC play to finish in a tie for third place in the East Division.


2014 Jackson mayoral election
The 2014 mayoral election in Jackson, Mississippi took place on April 22, 2014. It was necessitated after the death of incumbent mayor Chokwe Lumumba. Councilman Tony Yarber defeated the late Lumumba's son Chokwe Antar Lumumba in a runoff. Other candidates in the race included former mayor Harvey Johnson, Jr., city council members Melvin Priester and Margaret Barrett-Simon, and state senator John Horhn.


2014 Jacksonville Dolphins football team
The 2014 Jacksonville Dolphins football team represented Jacksonville University in the 2014 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by eighth-year head coach Kerwin Bell and played their home games at D. B. Milne Field. They were a member of the Pioneer Football League. They finished the season 9–2, 7–1 in PFL play. The 7–1 record would have been good enough to claim a share of the PFL title. However, Jacksonville withdrew from contention for the PFL title and the FCS Playoffs as a result of its internal review of compliance matters regarding the PFL’s financial aid rules.


2014 Jacksonville Jaguars season
The 2014 Jacksonville Jaguars season was the franchise's 20th season in the National Football League and the second under head coach Gus Bradley. They failed to improve upon their 4–12 record from 2013 and finished 3–13, and finished third in the AFC South for the second straight year. The Jaguars were eliminated from postseason contention after their week 12 loss to the Colts.


2014 Jacksonville Jaguars season
In week 13, the Jaguars had their biggest comeback in franchise history, defeating the New York Giants 25–24. The Jaguars trailed 21–0 in the first half, but outscored the Giants 25–3 in the second half, with the help of two defensive touchdowns. The Jaguars did not win a single road game during the season, the second time such a thing happened in franchise history.


2014 Jacksonville Jaguars season, Roster changes, Undrafted rookie free agents
The following is a list of notable rookie free agents signed by the Jaguars after the 2014 NFL Draft:


2014 Jacksonville Jaguars season, Schedule, Regular season
Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text. #  Blue/Red indicates the International Series game in London.


2014 Jacksonville Sharks season
The 2014 Jacksonville Sharks season was the fifth season for the franchise in the Arena Football League. The team was coached by Les Moss and played their home games at Jacksonville Veterans Memorial Arena. Finishing with a 7–11 record, this was the first season in the franchise's history that the team not only failed reach the playoffs, but also failed to win the division.


2014 Jacksonville Sharks season, Schedule
The Sharks began the season by visiting the Orlando Predators on March 16. Their final regular season game was at home against the Los Angeles Kiss on July 26.


2014 Jacksonville Sharks season, Roster
Rookies in italics updated July 17, 201424 Active, 11 Inactive


2014 Jacksonville State Gamecocks football team
The 2014 Jacksonville State Gamecocks football team represented Jacksonville State University in the 2014 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by first-year head coach John Grass and played their home games at Burgess-Snow Field at JSU Stadium. They were a member of the Ohio Valley Conference (OVC). Jacksonville State finished the season 10–2 overall and 8–0 in OVC play to win the conference championship. They received the OVC's automatic bid to the FCS Playoffs, where they lost in the second round to Sam Houston State.


2014 Jacksonville State Gamecocks football team, Game summaries, @ Michigan State
In their first game of the season, the Gamecocks lost, 45–7 to the Michigan State Spartans.


2014 Jacksonville State Gamecocks football team, Game summaries, @ Chattanooga
In their second game of the season, the Gamecocks won, 26–23, in overtime, over the Chattanooga Mocs.


2014 Jacksonville State Gamecocks football team, Game summaries, West Alabama
In their third game of the season, the Gamecocks won, 45–34 over the West Alabama Tigers.


2014 Jacksonville State Gamecocks football team, Game summaries, @ Murray State
In their fourth game of the season, the Gamecocks won, 52–28 over the Murray State Racers.


2014 Jacksonville State Gamecocks football team, Game summaries, Tennessee–Martin
In their fifth game of the season, the Gamecocks won, 38–14 over the Tennessee–Martin Skyhawks.


2014 Jacksonville State Gamecocks football team, Game summaries, @ Tennessee State Tigers
In their sixth game of the season, the Gamecocks won, 27–20 over the Tennessee State Tigers.


2014 Jacksonville State Gamecocks football team, Game summaries, Tennessee Tech
In their seventh game of the season, the Gamecocks won, 49–3 over the Tennessee Tech Golden Eagles.


2014 Jacksonville State Gamecocks football team, Game summaries, Austin Peay
In their eighth game of the season, the Gamecocks won, 56–0 over the Austin Peay Governors.


2014 Jacksonville State Gamecocks football team, Game summaries, @ Eastern Kentucky
In their ninth game of the season, the Gamecocks won, 20–6 over the Eastern Kentucky Colonels.


2014 Jacksonville State Gamecocks football team, Game summaries, Eastern Illinois
In their tenth game of the season, the Gamecocks won, 27–20 over the Eastern Illinois Panthers.


2014 Jacksonville State Gamecocks football team, Game summaries, @ Southeast Missouri State
In their eleventh game of the season, the Gamecocks won, 49–30 over the Southeast Missouri State Redhawks.


2014 Jacksonville State Gamecocks football team, Game summaries, Sam Houston State–FCS Playoffs Second Round
In their twelfth game of the season, the Gamecocks lost, 37–26 to the Sam Houston State Bearkats in their 2014 FCS Second Round playoff game.


2014 Jadavpur University protests
The Hok Kolorob Movement (Bengali: হোক কলরব আন্দোলন) or the 2014 Jadavpur University student protest, was a four-month long series of protests by the students of Jadavpur University in Kolkata, India that began on 3 September 2014. The term "Hok Kolorob" (literally, "let there be polyphony", Bengali: হোক কলরব) was originally the title of a song by Bangladeshi singer Arnob and began to be used as a hashtag on Facebook.


2014 Jadavpur University protests
On 16 September 2014, peaceful demonstrations by students took place in front of the administrative building of the University, demanding an investigation into the molestation of a female student in campus. Following several unsuccessful attempts at dialogue with the authorities, the students gheraoed some personnel of the University authority, including the Vice-Chancellor, Abhijit Chakrabarti. The Vice-Chancellor called the police. The subsequent police brutality unleashed upon the students in the early hours of 17 September triggered a wave of protests by students and teachers.


2014 Jadavpur University protests
Criticisms of the police brutality included that police used baton charge on a peaceful demonstration, that female students were manhandled and molested by male police officers, and that several men not in uniform attacked the students. The police maintain that there were plainclothesmen among their ranks while the students insist that these were Trinamool Congress (the ruling party of the state of West Bengal) cadres. The official position of the Calcutta Police is that "minimum lawful force" was applied to escort the Vice-Chancellor and other members of the committee out of the University.


2014 Jadavpur University protests
Demonstrations showing solidarity with the students started in Kolkata and across India, including in Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad and Bengaluru. Protest marches in Kolkata had progressively increasing turnout, culminating in a rally on 20 September, at the end of which a delegation of students met the Governor of West Bengal, Keshari Nath Tripathi. Estimates of participants in the rally fluctuate between 30000 and over 100000 people.


2014 Jadavpur University protests
The protests have been marked with a strong cultural flavour: students have been singing, dancing and arranging diverse cultural manifestations throughout the days while the protests ensue. The protests have a large oeuvre of posters, graffiti, poems, songs, slogans, street plays and performances dotting the University campus and the streets of Kolkata. This has led the Trinamool Congress to link this protest to the student movements of the 1970s. It is one of the first movements in India to significantly employ social media and internet activism for coordination and dissemination.


2014 Jadavpur University protests, Origins
On 28 August, a female second-year student at Jadavpur University was dragged into the Old Boys' Hostel on campus and molested, and her male friend beaten up, by 10 residents of the hostel. According to the girl's father, when he approached the interim Vice-Chancellor, Abhijit Chakrabarti, on 1 September, he was told to wait for a couple of days as Chakrabarti was going to New Delhi.


2014 Jadavpur University protests, Origins
The father lodged a police complaint on 2 September and sent a letter to the University authorities on 3 September, upon which an internal inquiry was ordered in the Vice-Chancellor's absence, believed to be at the behest of state Education Minister Partha Chatterjee. An Internal Complaints Committee (ICC) was formed in accordance with the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act, 2013 to investigate the matter.


2014 Jadavpur University protests, Origins
However, the committee was compromised when two of its members visited the girl's home in Bidhannagar on 5 September, refusing to identify themselves and asking questions about her dress on the night of the incident. This led to the girl filing a General Diary with the Bidhannagar police station on 6 September for "mental harassment" in which she identified them as professors of the Sanskrit and Women's Studies Departments of Jadavpur University.


2014 Jadavpur University protests, Origins
A number of students then staged demonstrations demanding that the accused ICC committee members be replaced, as well as forming an "external committee", effectively the Local Complaint Committee (LCC) recommended by the Sexual Harassment Act, and demanding increased security for students within the campus. This was not acceptable to the Vice-Chancellor, but, at the same time, he asked the students to wait until after the meeting of the Executive Councils on the evening of 16 September.


2014 Jadavpur University protests, Origins
At the meeting of the Executive Councils it was decided that it is not possible for a panelist to be replaced at some intermediate point of an investigation. This inability to replace panelists, according to University officials, is mandated in the Vishaka Guidelines of the Supreme Court. The officials instead presented a letter which talked about students' code of conduct, totally deviating from the demands of the students.


2014 Jadavpur University protests, Origins
On the evening of 16 September, after the meeting of Executive Councils was finished, students gheraoed some university officials, including Vice-Chancellor Abhijit Chakrabarti, in their offices. Following several attempts to communicate and reach an understanding between the officials and the students, the situation reached an impasse, and the students continued their demonstration into the night. The Vice-Chancellor summoned police for protection.


2014 Jadavpur University protests, Timeline, 17 September
The Kolkata Police arrived at the scene around 8 pm. Some senior officials from the police department tried to negotiate with the students but could not come to a settlement. At around 2 am on 17 September, the lights at the entrance to the Administrative Building were suddenly turned off. This was followed by police assault on students, lifting the gherao and thereby completing the rescue operation. The police beat up several students, and arrested 36. Some students were injured, and needed to be hospitalized.


2014 Jadavpur University protests, Timeline, 17 September
Students say that the police force was aided by several civil-dressed outsiders (cadres of Trinamool Congress, according to students). The gherao was dismantled, and the Vice Chancellor was escorted off the campus by the police. This was immediately followed by a road block by the students in front of the Jadavpur police station. Students allege that female students were manhandled by the police force.


2014 Jadavpur University protests, Timeline, 17 September, Criticism
The incident of the beating of students by the police sparked nationwide reaction, with a high amount of protest on social media such as Facebook and Twitter. Videos of the attack on the students surfaced on the internet and TV channels.


2014 Jadavpur University protests, Timeline, 20 September
Students of the University have boycotted classes since the incident of police brutality. On 20 September, a rally was organized by students in the heart of the city, and was attended by students from the University, other educational institutions, and the general populace in a spontaneous outburst of outrage at the brutality with which the opposition to authority was stamped out. The rally ended peacefully, with student representatives holding a meeting with the Governor of West Bengal, Keshari Nath Tripathi, who is also the Chancellor of the University. Estimates of the number of participants in the rally vary between 30,000 and over 100,000 people. On the same day, protest demonstrations were held in several other Indian cities, showing solidarity with the students of Jadavpur University.


2014 Jadavpur University protests, Timeline, 22 September
On 22 September, a rally was arranged by the ruling Trinamool Congress party against the students. According to newspaper reports, school and college students from suburban and rural areas were dragged to the rally in order to showcase the power of the ruling party. The agitating students of Jadavpur University were mocked through slogans and posters.


2014 Jadavpur University protests, Timeline, 25 September
The Pro-Vice Chancellor of Jadavpur University resigned on 25 September 2014, citing that he was not part of the decision to call police inside university campus.


2014 Jadavpur University protests, Timeline, 7 October
On 7 October, notwithstanding protests by students demanding the resignation of the Interim Vice-Chancellor Abhijit Chakrabarti, the Governor of West Bengal Keshrinath Tripathy, who is also the Chancellor of the university, appointed Chakrabarti as the Vice-Chancellor for a period of four years.


2014 Jadavpur University protests, Timeline, 16 October
Marking one month since the police crackdown against agitating students at the University, students held a fire-torch rally in the evening and 700 students undertook a 24-hour hunger strike. The campus was full of posters and graffiti and students wore black badges, burned effigies of the Vice-Chancellor, and shouted slogans demanding his resignation.


2014 Jadavpur University protests, Timeline, 18 October
Classes started again at JU on 18 October, but students refused to record attendance. Open air classes were held by professors as a mark of protest.


2014 Jadavpur University protests, Timeline, 24 December
Final year students who were to accept their graduation certificates and medals from the hands of the Vice Chancellor on 24 December refused to do so and called for a boycott of the convocation ceremony. A last-minute decision by the authorities to have the Chancellor distribute the certificates rather than the Vice Chancellor, didn't stop protests. The Chancellor was greeted with black flags and posters on entering the campus. The top graduating student from the arts faculty, Gitasree Sarkar, politely refused to accept her certificate and medal in the presence of the Vice Chancellor as a mark of protest. Other students  did the same. The Vice Chancellor left the venue in the middle of the convocation ceremony.


2014 Jadavpur University protests, Timeline, 5 January 2015
Students who had been attending classes without recording attendance as a sign of protest, intensified their protest by announcing a "fast unto death" strike on 5 January 2015. Ten students started the fast. In the ensuing days, at least three of the eleven students were hospitalized. However, more students joined and by 11 January, the number had swelled to at least 17. Parents announced a token fast of 24 hours on 12 January.


2014 Jadavpur University protests, Timeline, 12 January 2015
After the "fast unto death" lasting almost 160 hours with active involvement from students, parents and non-students members, the Education Minister arrived at JU on 12 January in an attempt to negotiate and persuade students to call off the fast. Chief minister of West Bengal, Mamata Banerjee arrived at JU shortly after. Around 6:30 pm, after having a meeting with the university officials, the chief minister emerged from the meeting and announced the Vice Chancellor's resignation.


2014 Jadavpur University protests, Support
Students, alumni and teachers from major educational institutions in the city and from colleges from across the country have supported the protests. Alumni of the University have arranged for demonstrations in New York, London and Sydney. Participants of the 2013 Shahbag protests in Bangladesh expressed solidarity with the protests. A citizen's convention condemning the police brutality was arranged in the university campus on 24 September, which was attended by eminent educationists and intellectuals.


2014 Jadavpur University protests, Opposition
While students demanded an apology and resignation from the Vice-Chancellor, he said that he felt his life was threatened by the student protest, which was why he summoned police.


2014 Jadavpur University protests, Opposition
The Commissioner of Police said in a press conference that police came on to the campus only at the request of the Vice-Chancellor. He accused students of offending police officers by using foul language to them. He also said that police were not carrying any lathis, so there was no question of any baton charge (lathi charge). This provoked criticism, as several video clips showed officers carrying lathis.


2014 Jadavpur University protests, Opposition
The main contention by the authorities (both the University and the state government), is that the students were not peaceful, and that the lives and safety of University officials, including the Vice-Chancellor, were under real and tangible threat from the students. Another point raised by the administration was the large presence of "outsiders" among the protesters - students and others who were not currently affiliated with Jadavpur University. According to Vice-Chancellor Abhijit Chakrabarti in an interview with a news channel, these outsiders - alleged to be from rival political parties or to be drug-dealers who supply the student population - were the main element of the rowdiness that justified the use of punitive force.


2014 Jadavpur University protests, Influence
Following the events at Jadavpur University, two other West Bengal universities, Presidency in Kolkata and Visva Bharati in Santiniketan, have seen similar student unrest. "The agitation in Presidency started predominantly due to the lack of information provided to students," says Suman Sen, a student of the university.


2014 Jadavpur University protests, Influence
Following the administration's decision to abolish the 50 percent Internal quota for Visva Bharati's two school Patha Bhavana and Siksha Satra in undergraduate and postgraduate courses, around 400 students blocked the entry to the central and vice-chancellor’s offices to protest. The protest has resulted in class and annual examination boycotts.


2014 Jadavpur University protests, Influence
Speaking against the Internal Quota, Amartya Sen had remarked, "If our interest lies not in the greater good of the society, if our only concern is limited to the academic opportunism that would benefit our own children, and to this end we employ Quotas, then it is safe to say that there is a fundamental lack in the thought process".


2014 Jadavpur University protests, Influence
In an article Siddharth Sivakumar, an alumnus of Patha Bhavana, wrote "Those who have been drawing parallels between our and the Hokkolorob movement are misreading the situation. Hokkolorob was relevant in its unique context, but its application elsewhere as a readymade imported frame for protest may not yield the same results. While it was a movement by university students, ours was primarily by young school students, even students who are a good few years away from any public examinations or admission tests."


2014 Jajarkot bus accident
On 24 November 2014, it was reported that a bus accident had killed 47 passengers at Jajarkot District, Nepal. In the accident, the bus crashed into the Bheri River. The accident occurred on Thursday, November 18, but it took days for the wreckage to be recovered from the river.


2014 Jalisco Open
The 2014 Jalisco Open was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Guadalajara, Mexico between 25 and 30 March 2014.


2014 Jalisco Open, Singles main draw entrants, Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:


2014 Jalisco Open, Singles main draw entrants, Other entrants
The following players gained entry into the singles main draw as a special exempt:


2014 Jalisco Open, Singles main draw entrants, Other entrants
The following players gained entry into the singles main draw as an alternate:


2014 Jalisco Open – Doubles
Marin Draganja and Mate Pavić were the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Andre Begemann and Matthew Ebden.


2014 Jalisco Open – Doubles
César Ramírez and Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela won the title, defeating Andre Begemann and Matthew Ebden in the final, 6–4, 6–2.