2012–13 York City F.C. season, Review, January
Potts equalised for York five minutes later, before Exeter scored the winning goal on 53 minutes through Jimmy Keohane. Rodman's loan from Aldershot was extended until the end of the season. Walker scored in the 84th minute to secure York a 1–1 draw away to Cheltenham, who had taken the lead in the 67th minute through Shaun Harrad. Striker Ben Everson, who last played for Breiðablik in the Úrvalsdeild karla, was signed on a contract for the rest of the season. Platt was loaned out for the second time in a season, joining Conference North club FC Halifax Town for one month. Everson made his debut as a 71st-minute substitute in a 0–0 draw at home to Aldershot.


2012–13 York City F.C. season, Review, January
Blackburn Rovers defender Jack O'Connell was signed on a one-month loan, while Salford City defender Jameel Ible was signed on a contract for the rest of the season. Blanchett was released after his contract was cancelled by mutual consent. York were leading Gillingham 1–0 away before the home team equalised five minutes from time through Cody McDonald, with York having taken the lead in the 17th minute through a McLaughlin goal straight from a corner kick.


2012–13 York City F.C. season, Review, January
Striker David McDaid was signed from League of Ireland Premier Division club Derry City on a one-and-a-half-year contract for a small compensation fee, while defender Curtis Obeng was signed on a one-month loan from Premier League club Swansea City after Lanre Oyebanjo was ruled out for around six weeks with a fractured skull.


2012–13 York City F.C. season, Review, February
York were beaten 4–1 at home to Morecambe, with Walker scoring York's only goal with a first half penalty, before enduring their largest defeat of the season after losing 4–0 away to Wycombe. Jamie Reed was loaned to Cambridge United for the rest of the season, with his opportunities in the team limited. Burton midfielder John McGrath and Aldershot striker Michael Rankine were signed on loan, with the former joining for one month and the latter for the rest of the season. Both started in York's 0–0 draw at home to Gillingham.


2012–13 York City F.C. season, Review, February
York opened the scoring against Barnet at home through a David Stephens own goal, although goals from Andy Yiadom and Jake Hyde saw the away team win 2–1. Everson was loaned out to Gateshead for a month, having struggled for opportunities in the team, and Platt returned to Harrogate on loan for the remainder of the season. York drew 0–0 away to Oxford, with the best chance of the match falling to Blair when he headed straight at goalkeeper Luke McCormick. O'Connell's loan was extended until the end of the season. Daniel Nardiello scored a stoppage-time equaliser for Rotherham when York were leading 1–0, after the away team had taken the lead through Blair earlier in the second half. Johnson was released after making seven appearances for the club, having been hindered during the season by stomach and groin problems.


2012–13 York City F.C. season, Review, March
Mills was dismissed after nearly two and a half years in charge on 2 March 2013 after York were beaten 2–0 at home to Bradford, with the team sitting four points above the relegation zone after an 11-match run without a win. Former Northern Ireland manager Nigel Worthington was appointed as his successor two days later, with Fred Barber joining from Bury as his assistant. Mills' remaining coaching staff of Darron Gee, Des Lyttle and Paul Musselwhite left the club.


2012–13 York City F.C. season, Review, March
Following his appointment, Worthington indicated the players out on loan would return to the club, saying, "It's only right that contracted players should be in and around the club over the next 10 matches as York City are paying their salaries and they should be part of anything that is going on in the next two months". Worthington's first signing was Sheffield Wednesday goalkeeper Arron Jameson, who joined on an emergency loan for the remainder of the season, while McGrath had his loan extended until the end of the season.


2012–13 York City F.C. season, Review, March
Worthington's first match in charge was a 3–2 defeat away to AFC Wimbledon, in which Chris Smith scored twice, before Harry Pell scored the home team's winner in the 79th minute. York picked up their first point under Worthington after a 0–0 home draw with Rochdale, with both teams having few opportunities to score. Ipswich Town midfielder Josh Carson was signed on a one-month loan, while Bullock was loaned to Stockport County of the Conference Premier for the rest of the season.


2012–13 York City F.C. season, Review, March
Carson made his debut in York's 2–0 home defeat to Port Vale, who scored in each half through Jennison Myrie-Williams and Lee Hughes. Former York striker Richard Cresswell, who became the club's record sale in 1999, was signed from Sheffield United on a one-month loan. He scored a penalty in the team's 2–1 defeat away to Torquay, a result that saw York drop into the second relegation spot. Sunderland midfielder Adam Reed was signed on a one-month loan, while Ible was released. Adam Reed made his debut as York drew 0–0 away to Bristol Rovers, in which the home team's goalkeeper Steve Mildenhall made a number of saves.


2012–13 York City F.C. season, Review, April
York recorded their first win in 17 matches after beating Plymouth 2–0 at home, with Chambers and Cresswell scoring in the first half. McGrath, Rankine and Rodman were sent back to their parent clubs, having become surplus to requirements under Worthington. The team were denied a second successive win after Peter Murphy scored a stoppage-time equaliser for Accrington, with the match finishing a 1–1 home draw, after Adam Reed had given York the lead in first half stoppage time.


2012–13 York City F.C. season, Review, April
Carson and Kerr were ruled out for the remainder of the season through injury, with the former returning to parent club Ipswich after the expiration of his loan. York recorded a second victory in three matches after winning 2–0 away to Northampton, who had been on a run of ten consecutive home wins, with Chambers scoring in the first half and John Johnson scoring an own goal in the second half. This result saw York rise out of the relegation zone by moving up to 20th place in the table, having occupied 23rd place following the previous four results. Cresswell was recalled from his loan by new Sheffield United caretaker manager Chris Morgan, after making an important contribution for York in their battle against relegation.


2012–13 York City F.C. season, Review, April
York picked up a third win in five matches by defeating Southend 2–1 at home with first half goals from Adam Reed and Blair. They remained in 20th position in the league following positive results for most of the teams surrounding them, meaning their relegation fight would not be concluded until after the last match of the season. Before the Southend match Parslow was named Clubman of the Year, voted for by the York supporters, becoming the first player to win the award on three occasions. York avoided relegation on the final day of the season after beating Dagenham 1–0 away, with Chris Smith scoring the only goal. This meant York finished their first season back in the Football League in 17th place in League Two, four points clear of the relegation zone.


2012–13 York City F.C. season, Summary and aftermath
York spent most of the season in midtable, rising as high as seventh place in September 2012 and dropping as low as 23rd in March 2013. The team recorded the second lowest number of wins in the League Two season with 12; bottom-placed Aldershot were the only team to win fewer matches with 11 victories. Ingham was the only ever-present player for York, appearing in all 51 matches. Chambers was top scorer with 10 goals in the league, being the only player to reach double figures, and was followed by Walker with nine goals.


2012–13 York City F.C. season, Summary and aftermath
Ahead of the new season, York released Bullock, Challinor, Doig, Everson, Kerr, McDaid, McLaughlin, Potts, Jamie Reed and Walker, while Blair left to sign for Fleetwood. David McGurk, Oyebanjo, Parslow, Platt and Chris Smith signed new contracts with the club. The club signed goalkeeper Chris Kettings on loan from Blackpool, defender Ben Davies on loan from Preston North End, midfielders Craig Clay from Chesterfield and Lewis Montrose from Gillingham, winger Sander Puri from St Mirren and strikers Ryan Bowman from Hereford United, Cresswell from Sheffield United, Wes Fletcher from Burnley and Ryan Jarvis from Torquay. Defender Mike Atkinson and striker Chris Dickinson entered the first-team squad from the youth team after agreeing professional contracts.


2012–13 York City F.C. season, Match details
League positions are sourced by Statto, while the remaining information is referenced individually.


2012–13 Youngstown State Penguins men's basketball team
The 2012–13 Youngstown State Penguins men's basketball team represented Youngstown State University during the 2012–13 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Penguins, led by eighth year head coach Jerry Slocum, played their home games at the Beeghly Center and were members of the Horizon League. They finished the season 18–16, 7–9 in Horizon League play to finish in a tie for sixth place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the Horizon League Tournament to Wright State. They were invited to the 2013 CIT, the programs first ever Division I postseason tournament appearance, where they defeated Oakland in the first round before losing in the second round to Canisius in overtime.


2012–13 Zamalek SC season
The 2012–2013 season was Zamalek Sporting Club's 102nd season of football and 57th consecutive season in the Egyptian Premier League. The club also played in the CAF Champions League.


2012–13 Zamalek SC season, Team kit
The 2012-2013 home kit was the classic Zamalek home kit, which featured golden trims and two parallel horizontal red lines. The away kit was all pink with grey trims, and grey shorts.


2012–13 Zamalek SC season, Squad
Egyptian Football Association (EFA) rules are that a team may only have 3 foreign born players in the squad. The Squad Has 25 Players Registered as Professionals and 5 Players Registered (-U23) and 2 Players of the Youth academy


2012–13 Zamalek SC season, Squad, Out on loan
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2012–13 Zamalek SC season, Egyptian Premier League, Group 2, Results summary
Last updated: 22 Mar 2013. Source: 2012–13 Egyptian Premier League


2012–13 Zamalek SC season, Egyptian Premier League, Group 2, Matches
Note: The rest of the tournament was Cancelled due to 2013 Egyptian coup d'état.


2012–13 Zamalek SC season, Egypt Cup
Note: The rest of the tournament was held during the following season due to 2013 Egyptian coup d'état.


2012–13 Zamalek SC season, CAF Champions League, Preliminary round
Zamalek won 7–0 on aggregate and advanced to the first round.


2012–13 Zamalek SC season, CAF Champions League, First round
Zamalek won 1–0 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.


2012–13 curling season
The 2012–13 curling season began at the end of August 2012 and ended in April 2013.


2012–13 curling season
Note: In events with two genders, the men's tournament winners is listed before the women's tournament winners.


2012–13 curling season, CCA-sanctioned events
This section lists events sanctioned by and/or conducted by the Canadian Curling Association (CCA). The following events in bold have been confirmed by the CCA as are part of the 2012–13 Season of Champions programme.


2012–13 curling season, Other events
Note: Events that were not placed on the CCA's list of CCA-sanctioned events are listed here.


2012–13 curling season, The Dominion MA Cup
The Dominion MA Cup (presented by TSN) was contested in the 2012–13 season. The Cup was awarded to the Canadian Curling Association Member Association (MA) who has had the most success during the season in CCA-sanctioned events. Events included the Canadian mixed championship, men's and women's juniors championships, the Scotties, the Brier, the men's and women's senior championships and the national wheelchair championship. Points were awarded based on placement in each of the events, with the top association receiving 14 points, the 2nd place team with 13, etc.


2012–13 cyclo-cross season
The 2012–2013 cyclo-cross season consists of three international series conducted in the bicycle racing discipline of cyclo-cross:


2012–13 cyclo-cross season
The season began on 7 October with the Cyclo-cross Ruddervoorde, won by Sven Nys. It is scheduled to end on 24 February 2013. The season will also include the 2013 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships on 2 February in Louisville, Kentucky, the first edition of that event to be held outside of Europe.


2012–13 figure skating season
The 2012–13 figure skating season began on July 1, 2012, and ended on June 30, 2013. During this season, elite skaters from men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance competed on the International Skating Union (ISU) Championship level at the 2013 European, Four Continents, World Junior, and World Championships. They also competed in elite events such as the Grand Prix series and Junior Grand Prix series, culminating in the Grand Prix Final.


2012–13 figure skating season, Season notes
The 2012–2013 pattern dance in the short dance was the Yankee Polka on the senior level and Blues on the junior level.


2012–13 figure skating season, Season notes
One accident occurred at a competition – at the 2012 Cup of China, the United States' Adam Rippon collided with China's Song Nan who sustained a concussion and withdrew.


2012–13 figure skating season, Season notes, Age eligibility
Skaters competing on the junior level were required to be at least 13 but not 19 – or 21 for male pair skaters and ice dancers – before July 1, 2012. Those who turned 14 before that date were eligible for the senior Grand Prix series and senior B internationals. Those who turned 15 before July 1, 2012 were also eligible for the senior World, European, and Four Continents Championships.


2012–13 figure skating season, Season notes, Minimum scores, Grand Prix
In order to compete in the Grand Prix series, skaters were required to reach the minimum total score at an accepted ISU event:


2012–13 figure skating season, Season notes, Minimum scores, ISU Championships
In June 2012, the International Skating Union increased the minimum technical scores for ISU Championships, reserving the right to revise the scores if they resulted in too few or too many entries. The decision followed a vote to eliminate the preliminary (qualifying) round. Midway through the season, the ISU confirmed the season's minimums for the European, Four Continents and World Junior Championships, but lowered the singles and pairs minimums for the senior World Championships.


2012–13 figure skating season, Season notes, Minimum scores, ISU Championships
To be eligible to compete at the European, Four Continents, Junior World, or World Championships, skaters were required to achieve the following scores in a prior ISU-recognized event.


2012–13 figure skating season, Season notes, Partnership changes
Some skaters announced the dissolution of a partnership or formation of a new one. Listed are changes involving at least one partner who competed at Worlds, Europeans, Four Continents, Junior Worlds or the senior Grand Prix, or who medaled on the Junior Grand Prix circuit.


2012–13 figure skating season, Competitions
National skating associations may have held pre-season camps for members of their national team, during which skaters presented their programs and received feedback in preparation for the season. U.S. Figure Skating held its annual Champs Camp in August, while the Russian Skating Federation had test skates in August and September. In 2013, the ISU introduced the World Development Trophy for developing skating nations.


2012–13 film awards season
The 2012–13 film awards season began in November 2012 and ended in February 2013.


2012–13 in Algerian football
The 2012–13 season will be the 52nd season of competitive association football in Algeria.


2012–13 in Argentine football
2012–13 season of Argentine football is the 122nd season of competitive football in Argentina.


2012–13 in Argentine football, National teams, Men's
This section covers Argentina men's matches from August 1, 2012 to July 31, 2013.


2012–13 in Australian soccer
The following article is a summary of the 2012–13 soccer season in Australia.


2012–13 in Australian soccer, International club competitions, AFC Champions League, Brisbane Roar
Brisbane Roar qualified for a playoff spot as winners of the 2012 A-League Grand Final.


2012–13 in Australian soccer, International club competitions, AFC Champions League, Central Coast Mariners
Central Coast Mariners entered in the Group stage as 2011–12 A-League Premiers.


2012–13 in Australian soccer, International club competitions, International Women's Club Championship
The winners of the 2011-12 season Canberra United participated in the 2012 International Women's Club Championship, known as the Mobcast Cup for sponsorship reasons, the first edition of this tournament hosted by the JFA.


2012–13 in Australian soccer, International club competitions, International Women's Club Championship
Canberra United finished in fourth place (out of four teams), suffering two losses.


2012–13 in Belgian football
The 2012–13 football season in Belgium, which is the 110th season of competitive football in the country and runs from July 2012 until June 2013.


2012–13 in Belgian football, National team football, Men's national football team
With no less than four players winning individual awards as best player in their league following conclusion of the 2011–12 season, namely Eden Hazard (in France), Vincent Kompany (in England), Kevin Mirallas (in Greece) and Jan Vertonghen (in the Netherlands), questions were raised how it was possible that Belgium had not managed to qualify for the UEFA Euro 2012 tournament. Moreover, this raised the belief that Belgium would qualify for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, even with rather inexperienced head coach Marc Wilmots in charge after Georges Leekens quit in May 2012.


2012–13 in Belgian football, National team football, Men's national football team
In a friendly before the actual qualifying campaign, the Red Devils managed to beat the Netherlands by a score of 4-2, with Dries Mertens the man of the match, scoring once and giving two assists. For once, a decent start was made, as Belgium won in Wales and kept Croatia to a 1-1 draw at home. The team continued on their good spirits, following up with a 0-3 win in Serbia, the biggest ever loss for the Serbian team, and a 2-0 win at home against Scotland.


2012–13 in Belgian football, National team football, Men's national football team
This left Belgium and Croatia together in the lead with 10 points out of 12 and with the other four teams trailing 6 or more points behind it already looked like they would be battling it out for first place. Also, by November Belgium moved into position 20 on the FIFA World Rankings, their highest position since 2004. Belgium finished the year 2012 with a 2-1 friendly loss in Romania.


2012–13 in Belgian football, National team football, Men's national football team
In 2013, Belgium started with a 2-1 win against Slovakia, due to a last minute goal by Dries Mertens, before winning twice against Macedonia to keep their unbeaten status in the FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign. In June, while having risen to a record high 12th position in the FIFA World Rankings, Belgium first beat United States 2-4 in a friendly in Cleveland, before winning their final qualifying match at home against Serbia 2-1. At the same time, Croatia lost at home to Scotland, allowing Belgium to take a three-point lead.


2012–13 in Belgian football, League competitions, Belgian Third Division, Third division play-off
Only Verbroedering Geel-Meerhout succeeded in being promoted to the 2013–14 Belgian Second Division.


2012–13 in Belgian football, European Club results
Champions Anderlecht and runners-up Club Brugge start in the qualifying rounds of the Champions League, while league numbers three and four, Genk and Gent play in the Europa League together with cup winners Lokeren.


2012–13 in Cape Verdean football, Diary of the season
In the 2012–13 season of competitive football (soccer) in Cape Verde:


2012–13 in Cape Verdean football, Final standings, Cape Verdean Football Championships
Desportivo da Praia had the most points numbered thirteen and scored twelve goals, Mindelense was second in Group A. In Group B, Académicas Fogo and Porto Novo, the first had eleven points and the second had ten. Mindelense advanced to the finals with two over Académica Fogo while Académica Porto Novo had two over Desportivo Praia. With a total of five goals scored in the two matches, Mindelense won their ninth title


2012–13 in Cape Verdean football, Final standings, Cape Verdean Super Cup
The Cape Verdean Super Cup took place in late 2012 and featured the Onze Unidos and the champion Sporting Clube da Praia. It was one of the recent to have its own super cup competitions added.


2012–13 in Cape Verdean football, Final standings, Island or regional competitions, Regional Super Cups
The 2012 champion winner played with a 2012 cup winner (when a club won both, a second place club competed).


2012–13 in Cape Verdean football, Transfer deals, Summer-Fall transfer window
The September/October transfer window runs from the end of the previous season in September up to October.


2012–13 in Croatian football
The following article presents a summary of the 2012–13 football season in Croatia, which is the 22nd season of competitive football in the country.


2012–13 in Danish football
The 2011–12 season is the 123rd season of competitive football in Denmark.


2012–13 in Danish football, Club football, Domestic football, Superliga
The 23rd edition of the Danish Superliga began on 13 July 2012 and ended on 20 May 2013.


2012–13 in Danish football, Club football, Cup
The Cup is scheduled to play its first round matches on 14–16 August 2012 and hold its final on 9 May.


2012–13 in English football
The 2012–13 season was the 133rd season of competitive football in England.


2012–13 in English football
The season began on 4 August 2012 for The Football League, 11 August 2012 for the Football Conference and 18 August 2012 for the Premier League. The regular season of the Football Conference season ended on 20 April 2013 followed by League One and League Two both ending on 27 April 2013 whilst The Championship ended on 4 May 2013 and finally the Premier League on 19 May 2013.


2012–13 in English football, Premier League
In Sir Alex Ferguson's final season as manager, Manchester United comfortably won their 13th Premier League title and their 20th overall, topping the table in mid-November and never surrendering their lead, though a run of just three wins in their last eight matches meant that they squandered the chance to become the first ever top-flight side to earn a hundred points in a season.


2012–13 in English football, Premier League
Neighbours and defending champions Manchester City finished in second place, though they never looked like seriously challenging for a second successive title, and this, combined with a humiliating FA Cup final defeat by Wigan Athletic, cost Roberto Mancini his job.


2012–13 in English football, Premier League
Despite enduring a turbulent season in which Champions League-winning manager Roberto Di Matteo was dismissed early in the campaign and replaced by the extremely unpopular appointment of former Liverpool boss Rafael Benítez on an interim basis, Chelsea did improve on the previous season's finish by three places and 11 points, and also won the Europa League for the first time in their history.


2012–13 in English football, Premier League
The final Champions League spot was taken by Arsenal; despite being well off the pace for much of the season following the £24 million departure of Robin van Persie in the summer, they managed to snatch fourth place with an excellent late run of form, consigning rivals Tottenham Hotspur to the Europa League once again.


2012–13 in English football, Premier League
David Moyes ended 11 years in charge of Everton by guiding the Toffees to a solid finish of sixth place, finishing two points ahead of arch rivals Liverpool, who hit the headlines again for all the wrong reasons when striker Luis Suárez received a lengthy ban after biting Chelsea defender Branislav Ivanović during a league game. Swansea City qualified for the Europa League by winning the League Cup, becoming the first Welsh club to qualify for a major European club competition, whilst West Bromwich Albion finished eighth, their best finish in the Premier League era.


2012–13 in English football, Premier League
West Ham United fared the best out of the three promoted teams, losing just four home games all season and finishing impressively in tenth place, despite repeated speculation that manager Sam Allardyce would be sacked and replaced with a manager with a reputation for a more attractive style of play. Southampton finished four places below them, flirting with relegation all season before Nigel Adkins was sacked and replaced by the relatively unknown Mauricio Pochettino, who guided the Saints to 19 points from their remaining 16 games.


2012–13 in English football, Premier League
At the bottom of the table, Queens Park Rangers were relegated after a thoroughly dismal campaign in which they recorded the worst start in Premier League history, not winning a league game until December, and with not even Harry Redknapp's appointment as manager and a substantial investment in players during the January transfer window significantly improving their fortunes. Reading, who never quite adjusted to the pace of the top-flight after being promoted as champions the previous year, fared little better and were relegated in second-bottom place. Both Reading and QPR were relegated on the same day after a 0-0 draw against each other. Despite winning the FA Cup (and thereby qualifying for the following season's Europa League), Wigan Athletic finally succumbed to relegation after eight years of battling against the odds in the Premier League.


2012–13 in English football, Championship
After a decade of trying and play-off heartbreak, Cardiff City finally secured their long-awaited promotion to the Premier League, leading the division for nearly the entire season and being promoted as champions. Hull City finished the season as runners-up under manager Steve Bruce, returning to the top-flight after an absence of three years. This was despite a shaky end to the season which saw them fail to win any of their last four fixtures. Ian Holloway made it two promotions in three attempts as Crystal Palace were promoted through the play-offs, earning a record-breaking fourth promotion to the Premier League.


2012–13 in English football, Championship
The Eagles' success ensured that they became the first club to win the second-tier play-off final four times, and also the first club to win the play-off final at four separate venues – at home at Selhurst Park in a two-legged final format in 1989, the old Wembley in 1997, the Millennium Stadium in 2004 and the new Wembley in 2013.


2012–13 in English football, Championship
Bolton Wanderers fared the best out of the newly relegated clubs and looked good value to secure a play-off place throughout the season, but narrowly missed out after drawing their final game and Leicester's last minute win at Nottingham Forest. Blackburn Rovers in contrast, despite a strong start to the season spent the latter part of it battling relegation, with indifferent spells of form during the season and the presence of three permanent managers seeing them slide towards the bottom 3 before finally pulling away under the caretaker management of Gary Bowyer.


2012–13 in English football, Championship
Bristol City, who had been in a gradual downward spiral since failing to win promotion to the Premier League in 2008, were relegated in bottom place after a dismal end to the season. The arrival of Sean O'Driscoll and a run of 5 home victories from 6 failed to save them. Making even bigger headlines were Wolverhampton Wanderers, who suffered their second successive relegation, giving them the unwanted distinction of having suffered successive relegations from the top and second tiers on two separate occasions (the first being in the 1983–84 and 1984–85 seasons). The final relegation spot was filled by Peterborough United, who despite recovering well from seven consecutive losses at the start of the season, ended up being relegated with the joint-highest ever points total for a relegated team.


2012–13 in English football, Championship, League table
A total of 24 teams contest the division: 18 sides remaining in the division from last season, three relegated from the Premier League, and three promoted from the League One.


2012–13 in English football, League One
Despite the departure of manager Dean Saunders, Doncaster Rovers made an immediate return to the Championship, winning the title in dramatic fashion on the final day of the season. Bournemouth were promoted as runners-up; they had initially looked set to battle relegation this season following an awful start under previous manager Paul Groves, but the decision to re-employ successful former manager Eddie Howe paid off handsomely, and saw them promoted to the second tier for only the second time in their history, and the first time since 1990.


2012–13 in English football, League One
Yeovil Town won promotion through the play-offs, entering the Championship for the first time ever, and also meaning that manager Gary Johnson (who returned for his own second spell late in the previous season) had earned his third promotion with the club, having gotten them promoted from the Football Conference and League Two in 2003 and 2005 respectively. None of the three promoted clubs had ever played in the top flight at the time, be it the old Football League First Division or the current Premier League. The previous time this had happened was in 1979, when Shrewsbury Town, Watford and Swansea City were promoted (the latter two eventually competed in the top flight under both denominations).


2012–13 in English football, League One
Financially stricken Portsmouth finally hit rock-bottom, and were relegated to the Football League's lowest tier for the first time since 1980, just five years after winning the FA Cup, and three years after playing in the Premier League. They were consigned to bottom place after their second ten-point deduction in as many seasons, though unlike the previous season would have been relegated even without the deduction.


2012–13 in English football, League One
Hartlepool United were relegated in second-bottom place, mostly due to a dreadful first half of the season which saw them win just once in their first 23 games, bringing an end to what had been the club's longest spell outside the bottom tier. Bury, who suffered their own financial problems and never quite recovered from the loss of manager Richie Barker days before the season began, also suffered relegation, and only finished above Hartlepool on goals scored. Scunthorpe United occupied the final relegation spot, being relegated for the second time in three seasons.


2012–13 in English football, League One, League table
A total of 24 teams contest the division: 17 sides remaining in the division from last season, three relegated from the Championship, and four promoted from League Two.


2012–13 in English football, League Two
Gillingham won the division and returned to League One after a three-year absence, as Martin Allen's appointment as manager brought immediate success. Rotherham United celebrated their return to their hometown (after four years of playing in Sheffield) by winning promotion as runners-up. Port Vale, whose promotion challenge had been derailed by a ten-point administration penalty in the previous season, took the final automatic promotion spot. The play-offs were won by Bradford City, who were victorious in their second Wembley appearance this season (their first being in the League Cup final).


2012–13 in English football, League Two
Aldershot Town were relegated back to the Football Conference after five years, experiencing relegation for the first time since the club's formation in 1992. After surviving relegation on the last day for three seasons in a row, Barnet's luck finally ran out (despite their best points total in four years and the high-profile appointment of Edgar Davids as player-manager) and they were relegated from the Football League for the second time.


2012–13 in English football, League Two, League table
Twenty-four teams contest the division: 18 sides remaining in the division from last season, four relegated from League One, and two promoted from Conference National.


2012–13 in English football, Football Conference Top Division
Promoted as champions of the Football Conference were Mansfield Town, who coincidentally were one of the teams replaced by Aldershot at the end of the 2007–08 season. They were joined by 2013 Conference National play-off Final winners Newport County, who joined the Football League for the first time as the current incarnation of the club (their forerunners last played in the League in 1988). The play-off final between Newport County and Wrexham was the first Wembley Stadium final to feature two Welsh clubs.


2012–13 in English football, Football Conference Top Division
AFC Telford United were relegated in bottom place after a terrible run of form which saw them win just one of their last 30 matches, along with getting through four different managers during the course of the season. Ebbsfleet United finished second-bottom amid financial worries caused by the collapse of their MyFootballClub ownership scheme. Barrow occupied third-bottom place, ultimately being cost dearly by their poor goalscoring record. Stockport County were the final relegated side, being relegated to the Conference North just three years after being in League One, and eleven years after being in the second tier.


2012–13 in English football, Diary of the season, Welsh success
The 2012–13 season was one of particular success for Welsh clubs playing in the English league system. Swansea City of the Premier League became the first Welsh club to win the Football League Cup; Cardiff City gained promotion to the Premier League by winning the Football League Championship; Newport County and Wrexham reached the final of the Football Conference play-offs, with Newport winning to gain promotion to the Football League, while Wrexham gained a measure of consolation by winning the FA Trophy.


2012–13 in French football
The 2012–13 season was the 108th overall season of football and the 80th season of competitive professional football in France.


2012–13 in French football
The France men's national team began play on 15 August 2012, contesting a friendly match against Uruguay. The team also began contesting qualification matches for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. The men's youth international teams also began playing qualification matches for their yearly European Championship tournament. Les Espoirs concluded its qualification campaign for the 2013 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship, while the under-19 and under-17 teams played qualification matches for the 2013 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship and 2013 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship, respectively.


2012–13 in French football
Similarly, the women's team concluded its qualification campaign for UEFA Women's Euro 2013.


2012–13 in French football, News, Broadcast rights
On 23 June 2011, the Ligue de Football Professionnel (LFP) confirmed that French television channel Canal+ had acquired four television packages for the next four seasons beginning with the 2012–13 and ending with the 2015–16 season. The organization also announced that independent broadcaster Al Jazeera had acquired two packages. The combined deals are valued at €510 million per season.


2012–13 in French football, News, Schedule
To coincide with the new television rights deal, the LFP announced that the match days would be re-arranged. Beginning with the 2012–13 season, there will be one match played on Friday night at 21:00. On Saturday, a match will be contested at 17:00. At 19:00, four matches will be played and that will be followed by a match at 21:00. On Sunday, the early match will be played at 14:00. This will be followed by a match at 19:00. Finally, at 21:00, the match day will conclude with the showcase match.


2012–13 in French football, News, Supercup in the United States
On 5 April 2012, the LFP announced that, for the fourth consecutive season, the Trophée des champions will be held on international soil. The match will be played in Harrison, New Jersey, at the Red Bull Arena and will be contested by the winner of Ligue 1 and the winner of the Coupe de France. The match will be played on 28 July 2012. Like the previous three years, the idea will be to promote French football abroad, but this time more specifically in the United States.


2012–13 in French football, DNCG rulings, Ligue 2
On 11 July 2012, following a preliminary review of each club's administrative and financial accounts in Ligue 2, the DNCG ruled that Le Mans would be relegated to the Championnat National. Following the announcement, Le Mans club president Henri Legarda announced that the club would appeal the decision, stating the "shareholders will play their part and the club will go after every possible step to restore its rightful place in the sport".


2012–13 in French football, DNCG rulings, National
On 12 June 2012, following a preliminary review of each club's administrative and financial accounts in the Championnat National, the DNCG ruled that Cherbourg would be relegated to the Championnat de France amateur due to the club possessing a financial debt of €200,000. Following the announcement, Cherbourg president Gérard Gohel announced that the club would appeal the decision. On 5 July, the DNCG reversed its decision to relegate Cherbourg after the club gained the €200,000 required to remain in the division.


2012–13 in German football
The 2012–13 season is the 103rd season of competitive football in Germany.


2012–13 in Hong Kong football
The 2012–13 season is the 111th season of competitive football in Hong Kong, starting in July 2012 and ending in June 2013.


2012–13 in Hong Kong football, Representative team, Hong Kong, 2013 EAFF East Asian Cup qualification
The qualification stage (semi-final competition) of the 2013 EAFF East Asian Cup will be held from 1 December to 9 December 2012 in Hong Kong. Hong Kong will play against Australia, Chinese Taipei, Guam and North Korea. Winner of the group qualifies and advances to the final competition held in South Korea.


2012–13 in Hong Kong football, Representative team, Hong Kong, 2015 AFC Asian Cup qualification
The draw for the group stage of qualification was held in Australia on 9 October 2012. Hong Kong was drawn with Uzbekistan, United Arab Emirates and Vietnam. Hong Kong will start their 2015 Asian Cup qualifying campaign in February 2013.


2012–13 in Hong Kong football, Representative team, Hong Kong, 2013 Guangdong–Hong Kong Cup
This is a tournament between two teams representing Hong Kong and Guangdong Province of China respectively. The first leg will take place in Huizhou, Guangdong, being held in Huizhou Olympic Stadium, and the second leg took place in Hong Kong, being held in Mong Kok Stadium.


2012–13 in Hong Kong football, Representative team, Hong Kong, 2013 Guangdong–Hong Kong Cup
Guangdong took the 1–0 lead in the first leg, thanks to Yin Hongbo's goalscoring penalty before the end of match. However, Hong Kong levelled the game in the second leg, with Bai He's and Lee Wai Lim's header, while Guangdong's Shi Liang scored once. After 120 minutes of play, the scoreline levels in 2–2, thus the game proceeded to penalty shoot-out stage. Both team scored 8 out of 8 penalties perfectly, and Wisdom Fofo Agbo scored the ninth penalty for Hong Kong. However, Guangdong's Shi Liang, who scored once in the tournament, missed the kick as Yapp Hung Fai saved. Hong Kong won the champions of the 2013 edition.


2012–13 in Hong Kong football, Representative team, Hong Kong, Friendly matches in first half season
An away friendly match for Hong Kong is proposed. Hong Kong will play against Singapore in August. The match was originally proposed to play at Bishan Stadium in Bishan, but then changed to Jurong West Stadium in Jurong West.


2012–13 in Hong Kong football, Representative team, Hong Kong, Friendly matches in first half season
According to the official website of the FIFA, Hong Kong will play a home match against Malaysia on 16 October 2012.


2012–13 in Hong Kong football, Representative team, Hong Kong, Friendly matches in first half season
According to the official website of the FIFA, Hong Kong will play an away match against Malaysia on 14 November 2012.


2012–13 in Hong Kong football, Representative team, Hong Kong, Friendly matches in second half season
According to the official website of the FIFA, Hong Kong will play a home match against the Philippines on 4 June 2013.


2012–13 in Hong Kong football, Representative team, Hong Kong Under-21, Friendly matches in first half season
The Hong Kong Football Association has organised a friendly match between the Hong Kong U-21 and Australia U-19 on 29 August 2012 at Mong Kok Stadium, Hong Kong.


2012–13 in Hong Kong football, First Division League, Monthly awards
The monthly awards are organised by the Hong Kong Sports Press Association. 20 journalists who specialise in football in Hong Kong will vote their best player of the month. Player with the highest number of votes wins the award.


2012–13 in Hong Kong football, Exhibition matches, Arsenal's Asia Tour 2012 against Kitchee
English Premier League side Arsenal played against Hong Kong First Division League champions Kitchee on Sunday, 29 July 2012 at the Hong Kong Stadium as part of Arsenal's Asia Tour 2012.


2012–13 in Indian football
The 2012–13 season is the 134th season of Indian football.


2012–13 in Italian football
The 2012–13 season was the 111th season of competitive football in Italy.


2012–13 in Italian football, National teams, Italy national under-21 football team
The draw will take place in Israel at 28 November 2012. Italy is in Pot 3 with Germany, Russia and Norway; in Pot 1 there is Israel (assign to A1) and Spain (assign to B1) and in Pot 2 there is England and Netherlands.


2012–13 in Italian football, National teams, Italy women's national football team, UEFA Women's Euro 2013
The final draw took place on 9 November 2012 at the Swedish Exhibition & Congress Centre in Gothenburg. Italy is in Pot 2 with England and Norway.


2012–13 in Pakistani football
The 2012–13 season was the 64th season of competitive football in Pakistan.


2012–13 in Russian football
The following is a summary of the 2012–13 season of competitive football in Russia.


2012–13 in Scottish football
The 2012–13 season was the 116th season of competitive football in Scotland. The season began on 28 July 2012, with the start of the Challenge Cup.


2012–13 in Scottish football, League competitions, Scottish Premier League
Rangers' participation in the SPL was dependant upon the successful transfer of their membership share of the League to the new company that had bought the club, which would be decided by a vote of the SPL clubs. Eight clubs publicly declared that they would oppose the membership transfer, which would mean that they could not play in the SPL. The vote took place on 4 July 2012, and Rangers were refused re-entry to the SPL by a 10-1 majority. Dundee, who had finished second in the 2011–12 Scottish First Division, were invited to replace Rangers.


2012–13 in Scottish football, Honours, Individual honours, PFA Scotland awards
The PFA Scotland awards took place in Glasgow on 5 May 2013, with the following winners:


2012–13 in Scottish football, Women's football, Individual honours, SWF awards
The SWF awards evening took place at Hampden Park, Glasgow on 23 November 2012 and the winners were as follows:


2012–13 in Spanish football
The 2012–13 season was the 109th season of competitive football in Spain. It started officially on 1 July 2012 and ended on 30 June 2013.


2012–13 in Spanish football, Competitions dates
La Liga and Segunda División started for its first time around middle August, after previous season it was frustrated because of strike. All competitions made a break during Christmas holidays between 24 December 2012 and 3 January 2013.


2012–13 in Spanish football, Transfer windows, Retirements
The following players retired from association football at the end of 2011–12 season or during this season, being the last club a member of 2012–13 La Liga or 2012–13 Segunda División:


2012–13 in Spanish football, National team
The home team is on the left column; the away team is on the right column.


2012–13 in Spanish football, National team, FIFA World Cup qualifiers
Spain was in Group I of the 2014 World Cup qualification process.


2012–13 in Spanish football, National team, FIFA Confederations Cup
Spain participated in the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup. Spain was in Group B and was winner in this group.


2012–13 in Spanish football, Spanish friendly tournaments
List of some friendly matches or short tournaments celebrated in Spain, mainly at summer as part of pre-season, which participated La Liga and Segunda División teams. Other historical tournaments are also included.


2012–13 in Spanish football, Spanish friendly tournaments, Other unofficial/friendly tournaments
Other unofficial major tournaments or friendly matches celebrated in Spain were:


2012–13 in Swiss football
The following is a summary of the 2012–13 season of competitive football in Switzerland.


2012–13 in Swiss football, Men's national team
The home team is on the left column; the away team is on the right column.


2012–13 in Swiss football, Men's Olympic national team
The home team is on the left column; the away team is on the right column.


2012–13 in Swiss football, Women's national team
The home team is on the left column; the away team is on the right column.


2012–13 in Uruguayan football, Clubs in international competitions, Defensor Sporting
Defensor Sporting is already qualified for the 2012 Copa Libertadores.


2012–13 in Uruguayan football, National teams, Senior team
This section covers Uruguay's senior team matches from the end of the 2012 Summer Olympics until the end of the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup.


2012–13 in skiing
From August 22, 2012 to March 27, 2013, the following skiing events took place at various locations around the world.


2012–13 snooker season
The 2012–13 snooker season was a series of snooker tournaments played between 16 May 2012 and 6 May 2013. The season featured two new ranking events: the Wuxi Classic and the International Championship. The tour had a record five ranking events in China, and three new PTC events in Asia. The tour also visited Bulgaria for the first time in its history, and returned to Poland, Belgium and Australia.


2012–13 snooker season
Before the start of the season World Snooker requested every player to sign a players contract, that would allow players to choose which events they want to enter – no player was forced to play in any event. At the end of the season Mark Selby was named the World Snooker Player of the Year, the Snooker Writers' Player of the Year and the Fans' Player of the Year and Ian Burns the Rookie of the Year. Ronnie O'Sullivan received the "Performance of the Year" for winning his fifth World title after playing just one competitive match during the season. Jimmy Robertson's 57 break in just 130 seconds at the Snooker Shoot Out received the "Magic Moment of the Year" award. Terry Griffiths, Joe Johnson, Peter Ebdon, Ken Doherty, Graeme Dott, Shaun Murphy and Neil Robertson were inducted into the Hall of Fame.


2012–13 snooker season
The season had a total of £7.1 million of prize money. The World Championship, the UK Championship, the International Championship and the Masters were the four biggest tournaments in terms of prize money with the total pot being over half a million pounds at each event. A further £5,000 was on offer at the televised stages of each ranking event for any player who compiled a maximum break and this prize rolled over from one tournament to the next if not won.


2012–13 snooker season
A £500 rolling prize was given to any player who completed the feat in the qualifying stages of ranking events. A separate £500 rolling prize was also available in all the PTC events, but this prize was excluded from the Asian PTCs. If at any tournament a 147 was made by more than one player, then the prize was equally shared.


2012–13 snooker season, New professional players
The 2012/2013 season was made up of 99 professional players. The top 64 players after the 2012 World Championships automatically qualified for the 2012/2013 season as did the top eight who were not in the top 64 from the Players Tour Championship Order of Merit. Another twelve places were available through Q School; the rest of the places on to the tour came from amateur events and national governing body nominations. All players except those in the top 64 received a tour card for two seasons. Listed below are the players who qualified for the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 season.


2012–13 snooker season, Calendar
The following table outlines the results and dates for all the ranking and major invitational events.


2012–13 synchronized skating season
The 2012–13 synchronized skating season began on July 1, 2012, and ended on June 30, 2013. During this season, which was concurrent with the season for the other four disciplines (men's single, ladies' single, pair skating and ice dancing), elite synchronized skating teams competed on the International Skating Union (ISU) Championship level at the 2013 World and World Junior Championships. They also competed at various other international as well as national competitions.


2012–13 Újpest FC season
The 2012–13 season will be Újpest FC's 107th competitive season, 101st consecutive season in the OTP Bank Liga and 127th year in existence as a football club.


2012–13 Újpest FC season, First team squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2012–13 Újpest FC season, Transfers, Summer
In:Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2012–13 Újpest FC season, Transfers, Summer
Out:Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2012–13 Újpest FC season, Transfers, Winter
In:Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2012–13 Újpest FC season, Transfers, Winter
Out:Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2012–13 Újpest FC season, Statistics, Top scorers
Includes all competitive matches. The list is sorted by shirt number when total goals are equal.


2012–13 Újpest FC season, Statistics, Disciplinary record
Includes all competitive matches. Players with 1 card or more included only.


2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis
The 2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis was an economic crisis in the Republic of Cyprus that involved the exposure of Cypriot banks to overleveraged local property companies, the Greek government-debt crisis, the downgrading of the Cypriot government's bond credit rating to junk status by international credit rating agencies, the consequential inability to refund its state expenses from the international markets and the reluctance of the government to restructure the troubled Cypriot financial sector.sopalsuemae


2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis
On 25 March 2013, a €10 billion international bailout by the Eurogroup, European Commission (EC), European Central Bank (ECB) and International Monetary Fund (IMF) was announced, in return for Cyprus agreeing to close the country's second-largest bank, the Cyprus Popular Bank (also known as Laiki Bank), imposing a one-time bank deposit levy on all uninsured deposits there, and possibly around 48% of uninsured deposits in the Bank of Cyprus (the island's largest commercial bank).


2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis
A minority proportion of it held by citizens of other countries (many of whom from Russia), who preferred Cypriot banks because of their higher interest on bank account deposits, relatively low corporate tax, and easier access to the rest of the European banking sector. This resulted in numerous insinuations by US and European media, which presented Cyprus as a 'tax haven' and suggested that the prospective bailout loans were meant for saving the accounts of Russian depositors. No insured deposit of €100,000 or less would be affected, though 47.5% of all bank deposits above €100,000 were seized.


2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis
Nearly one-third of Rossiya Bank's cash ($1 billion) was frozen in Cypriot accounts during this crisis.


2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis, Context
The United States' subprime mortgage crisis in 2007–2008 led to a domino effect of negative consequences in the global economy including the European Union. The Cypriot economy went into recession in 2009, as the economy shrank by 1.67%, with large falls specifically in the tourism and shipping sectors which caused rising unemployment. Economic growth between 2010 and 2012 was weak and failed to reach its pre-2009 levels. Commercial property values declined by approximately 30%. Non -performing loans rose to a reported 6.1% in 2011, increasing pressure on the banking system.


2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis, Context
With a small population and modest economy, Cyprus had a large offshore banking industry. Compared to a nominal GDP of €19.5bn ($24bn) the banks had amassed €22 billion of Greek private-sector debt with bank deposits $120bn, including $60bn from Russia business corporations. Russian oligarch Dmitry Rybolovlev owned a 10% shareholding of Bank of Cyprus.


2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis, Context
Cyprus banks first came under severe financial pressure as bad debt ratios rose. Former Laiki CEO Efthimios Bouloutas admitted that his bank was probably insolvent as early as 2008, even before Cyprus entered the Eurozone. The banks were then exposed to a haircut of upwards of 50% in 2011 during the Greek government-debt crisis, leading to fears of a collapse of the Cypriot banks. The Cypriot state, unable to raise liquidity from the markets to support its financial sector, requested a bailout from the European Union.


2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis, Context
Progress on fiscal and structural reforms was slow and following a serious, accidental explosion in July 2011 at the Evangelos Florakis Naval Base the major credit rating agencies downgraded the country's rating in September. Yields on its long-term bonds rose above 12% and there was concern that the country would be unable to stabilize its banks.


2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis, Response, Emergency loan (2012)
Since January 2012, Cyprus had been relying on a €2.5bn (US$3.236 billion) emergency loan from Russia to cover its budget deficit and refinance maturing debt. The loan has an interest rate of 4.5%, with no amortization/repayment until its maturity ends after 4.5 years, and no penalty if repayment at that point of time will be delayed, in the event of a persisting lack of access for Cyprus to cover its financial needs through the normal funding markets.


2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis, Response, Emergency loan (2012)
The received loan was expected to cover all refinancing of maturing government debt and the amount needed for the government's continued budget deficits, until the first quarter of 2013. But the received loan did not include any funds for the recapitalization of the Cypriot financial sector. Looking further ahead, it was generally expected Cyprus would need to apply for an additional bailout loan.


2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis, Criticism
The Cypriot deal has no coherence in the larger context. The euro crisis has been in abeyance for a few months, thanks largely to the readiness of the European Central Bank to intervene to help struggling countries. The ECB's price for helping countries is to insist they go into a bail-out programme. The political price of going into a programme has just gone up, so the ECB's safety net looks a little thinner. The bail-out appears to move Europe further away from the institutional reforms that are needed to resolve the crisis once and for all.


2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis, Criticism
Rather than using the European Stability Mechanism to recapitalise banks, and thereby weaken the link between banks and their governments, the eurozone continues to equate bank bail-outs with sovereign bail-outs. As for debt mutualisation, after imposing losses on local depositors, the price of support from the rest of Europe is arguably costlier now than it ever has been.


2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis, Criticism
In strategic terms the EU hurt not only Cyprus and itself, but also the interests of the US and other allies in the West. Europe pushed Cyprus directly into the arms of the Russian government. Not only did this hurt the prospects for its own deal, but it gave leverage to Moscow in the process.


2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis, Criticism
More important still, however, by forcing Anastasiades between the rock of a forced bank levy and the hard place of seeking assistance from Moscow, the EU seriously undermined him domestically precisely when the West was about to reap the benefits at long last of a fairly pro-Western Cypriot president, crucially necessary to overcome sour relations with Turkey that continue to undermine NATO relations, EU relations, NATO-EU relations, and US relations with both.


2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis, Criticism
To top it all off, a peace deal along the lines of the Annan Plan for a final resolution of the 40-year-old Cypriot divide – the prospects for which had improved with the election of Anastasiades – has seen its prospects diminished.


2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis, Criticism
This is blackmail. This is basically the officials of the banks and the political leaders going to the mass of people and saying to them, "This awful deal that makes you, who have nothing to do with the crisis and didn't get any bailout, pay the costs of the crisis and the bailout. You must do this, because if you don't, we will do even more damage to you and your economy. So give us your deposits, give us your money, pay more taxes, suffer fewer social programs, because if you don't, we will impose even worse on you." It's the basic idea of austerity across the board and in our country, too. And I think it's the confrontation of a system that does not work with the mass of the people, saying, "We will go down and take you with us, unless you bail us out."


2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis, Local reaction
Cyprus has seen a number of reactions and responses towards the austerity measures of the bailout plan. On 8 November 2012, the Cypriot far-left party Committee for a Radical Left Rally (ERAS) organized the first protest against austerity while the Troika negotiations were still taking place. Protesters were gathered outside the House of Representatives holding banners and shouting slogans against austerity. Leaflets with alternative proposals for the economy were distributed in the protest, with proposals including the nationalization of banking, the reduction of the army and the freezing of the army budget, and the increase of the corporate tax. Members of the New Internationalist Left (NEDA) also participated in the protest.


2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis, Local reaction
On 14 November the New Internationalist Left organised an anti-austerity protest outside the Ministry of Finance in Nicosia together with the Alliance Against the Memorandum. In the protest NEDA gave out leaflets, which expressed the view that "the EU is trying to burden the workers with the debts from the collapse of the bankers" and that "if this happens, the Cypriot economy and the future of the new generations will then be mortgaged to local and foreign profiteers and usurious bankers".


2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis, Local reaction
Contract teachers protested outside the House of Representatives on 29 November against austerity measures that would leave 992 of them without a job next year. The teachers stormed the building and bypassed the policemen, entering the parliament. The teachers shouted against the banks and poverty. A protest by investors was staged on the morning of 11 December outside the House of Representatives, with protesters again storming parliament and bypassing the police. The storming of the parliament led to the interruption of the discussions of the parliamentary committee of customs. The protesters were asked to leave so that the committee could continue its work, and the protesters left half an hour later.


2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis, Local reaction
A number of protests took place on 12 December. Members of large families protested outside the House of Representatives against cuts in the benefits given by the state to support large families. Protesters threw eggs and stones at the main entrance of the parliament, and a number of protesters tried to enter the building, but were blocked by the police force that arrived to handle the protest. It was reported that a woman fainted during the incidents. The protesters shouted for the MPs to come out but no response was given.


2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis, Local reaction
The protesters were joined by members of KISOA (Cypriot Confederation of Organisations of the Disabled, Κυπριακή Συνομοσπονδία Οργανώσεων Αναπήρων), who marched from the Ministry of Finance to the House of Representatives to protest against cuts in benefits for people with disabilities. Later in the day members of public school teachers' trade unions protested outside the Ministry of Finance against the cuts in education spending which could result in the firing of teachers. The unions staged another protest the next day near the House of Representatives.


2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis, Local reaction
Haravgi, a far left-wing newspaper reported that just before bank deposits were blocked a number of companies belonging to family of president Nikos Anastasiadis have transferred over $21m outside of Cyprus. Anastasiadis has denied these allegations. Also a number of loans issued to members of political parties or public administration officers were fully or partially written off.


2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis, Non-EU bank depositors
Non -resident investors who held deposits prior to 15 March 2013 when the plan to impose losses on savers was first formulated, and who lost at least three million euros would be eligible to apply for Cypriot citizenship. Cyprus's existing "citizenship by investment" program would be revised to reduce the amount of investment required to be eligible for the program to three million euros from the previous ten million euros. "These decisions will be deployed in a fast-track manner", Anastasiades said in an address to Russian business people in the port city of Limassol in 2013. Other measures were also under consideration, he said, including offering tax incentives for existing or new companies doing business in Cyprus.


2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis, Distressed investing
Frozen deposits in Cyprus banks attracted interest from specialized distressed assets investors and brokers. Among firms reported to be dealing in Cyprus bank debt was London-based Exito Partners (formerly Éxito Capital) and Swiss-based Black Eagle Litigation Fund.


2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis, Analysis
A team of 16 Cypriot economists, organized by the citizens group Eleutheria ("Freedom"), attributed the crisis to sliding competitiveness, increasing public and private debt, exacerbated by the banking crisis.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests
The 2012–2013 Egyptian protests (sometimes called the Hirak Uprising) were part of the crisis in Egypt including the June 2013 protests, the July 2013 coup d'état, and part of the post-coup unrest. They saw varying opposition against three contiguous heads of state; namely, SCAF, Muslim Brotherhood, and the de facto ruling Egyptian Armed Forces.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests
Beginning with the anniversary of the 2011 Egyptian revolution, small-scale protests took place in January demanding the military to step away from power. Those protests saw at least 7 protesters killed. Increasing violence, however, began in February 2012 with the massacre of Port Said, where 74 people (72 of which being Al-Ahly fans) were killed and hundred were injured by purported fans who were armed with knives, batons and swords, while the sparse security present stood idly. The lack of police intervention and alleged political involvement sparked a number of protests. Subsequent protests in March saw 1 killed after demands for the return of football matches for El Masry after the riots last month.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests
Mass demonstrations in April demanding a transfer of power were attacked by the military. In June, riots and violent demonstrations against the delay of the trial of those responsible for the killings of protesters since 2011 took place and demands for the parliament to be dissolved was heard. From 16 June-30 July, strikes and major protests against the continued lack of freedom of speech and the apparent power grab by the SCAF. Workers protested in major strikes in July against unemployment and the economic situation. Protests against the film discriminating Islam took place from 11-14 September. It was suppressed. Doctors and nurses protested in October for weeks demanding better wages. Protests against the resignations of members of the armed forces in august were carried out by supporters of the military.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests
During Morsi's reign, the demonstrations were organized by Egyptian opposition organizations and individuals, mainly liberals, leftists, secularists and Christians. They resulted in violent clashes between pro- and anti-Morsi protesters, with dozens of deaths and hundreds of injuries. Demonstrators gathered outside the Heliopolis Palace, which in turn was surrounded by tanks and armored vehicles of the Republican Guard. The anti-Morsi protesters in Cairo were estimated at 200,000, while over 100,000 supporters of Morsi gathered in Cairo to show support.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests
A number of Morsi's advisers resigned in protest, and many judges spoke out against his actions as well. Resignations were tendered by the director of state broadcasting, Rafik Habib (Christian vice president of the Muslim Brotherhood's Freedom and Justice Party), and Zaghloul el-Balshi (general secretary of the commission overseeing the planned constitutional referendum). Seven members of Morsi's 17-member advisory panel resigned in December 2012.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests
On 8 December 2012, Morsi annulled his temporary decree which had expanded his presidential authority and removed judicial review of his decrees, an Islamist official said, but added that the results of the temporary declaration would still stand.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests
On 22 December, the Constitution supported by Morsi was approved in a national referendum by 64% of the voters, with 33% of the electorate voting. The opposition claimed fraud in the process and called for an inquiry.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests
On 30 June 2013, prior to the anti-government protests, Morsi supporters gathered in Rabaa el-Adaweya square to celebrate the one-year anniversary of Morsi's inauguration. In turn, tens of thousands of Morsi opponents massed in Tahrir Square and outside the Heliopolis palace demanding Morsi's resignation and pre-term presidential elections. Demonstrations were also reported in 18 locations across Cairo and in other different locations across the country including Alexandria, El-Mahalla and cities in the Suez Canal region. Various political organizations supported the demonstrations, including the Tamarod movement formed by members of the Egyptian Movement for Change, which claimed to have collected 22 million signatures calling for Morsi's resignation.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests
On 3 July 2013 the Egyptian Armed Forces released a statement announcing the end of Morsi's presidency, following a 48-hour deadline demanding that Morsi "responds to the demands of the people." In the same statement, the military announced the constitution was suspended for amendments and that new elections would be held at a future date. The chief justice of the constitutional court, Adly Mansour, became head of a transitional government.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests
Protesting Morsi's overthrow, his supporters staged large demonstrations in the Nasr City district of Cairo, and in Alexandria, Luxor, Damanhour, and Suez. In the aftermath, massacres were perpetrated during clashes between Morsi supporters and Egyptian soldiers and security forces, including the Rabaa massacre and the Republican Guard clashes. In many cases, the Armed Forces denied shooting at demonstrators with live ammunition, contrary to claims by the Brotherhood, its supporters, and several Western media outlets.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Background
On 22 November 2012, Morsi issued a constitutional declaration purporting to protect the Constituent Assembly of Egypt from judicial interference. The declaration stated that it only applied until a new constitution was ratified. The declaration also required new trials for people acquitted of Mubarak-era killings of protesters, and extended the mandate of the constituent assembly by two months. Additionally, the declaration authorized Morsi to take all measures necessary to these ends.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Background
In effect, the declaration made all constitutional declarations, laws and decrees made since Morsi assumed power immune to appeal by any individual, political or governmental body. Demonstrations both in support of and opposing Morsi broke out around Egypt after the declaration was made.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, February 2012
On 1 February 73 people were killed at a football game, in a stadium in Port Said. The riots began when fans of the team El Masry invaded the stadium, some of them carrying knives, and attacked fans of the rival team, Al Ahly. Initial media reports stated that more than 70 people were killed, with the death toll rising.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, February 2012
Numerous protests then took place, following this event. On Thursday, 2 February, protesters took to the streets of Cairo, enraged by the fact that the lax security had failed in preventing this tragedy from happening. Some of the protesters were heard chanting that Tantawi should be executed. The police then deployed tear gas, on the protesters.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, March 2012
On 24 March, numerous protesters took to the streets, angry that the football team El-Masry was banned for two more seasons, following the riots last month. The army then attacked the protesters. At least one person was killed, and at least 18 others were injured.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, April 2012
On 20 April, hundreds, possibly thousands, of protesters re-assembled in Cairo's Tahrir Square, demanding that the country's military rulers transfer power to a civilian government, sooner. They also wanted the Field Marshal, and leader of Egypt's military, Mohamed Hussein Tantawi, to step down.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, April 2012
On 14 April, several candidates in the upcoming presidential election were disqualified, for various reasons.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, May
On 23–24 May, the first round of voting in the presidential elections took place. Many people went to the polls, to vote. The two candidates with the highest number of votes were the Muslim Brotherhood's replacement candidate, Mohamed Morsi, and Hosni Mubarak's last Prime Minister, Ahmed Shafik.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, May
On 31 May, the decades-old State of Emergency was finally completely lifted, in Egypt.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, June
On 2 June, former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak was sentenced to life in prison, for complicity in the killings of protesters by police, during the revolution that eventually toppled him, in 2011. However, the judge also found him not guilty, on corruption charges. This, and the fact that he had not received the death penalty, led numerous protesters to immediately take to the streets, directly after the verdict was announced.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, June
On 14 June, Egypt's Constitutional Court ruled that a law preventing members of Hosni Mubarak's former government from running for President was unconstitutional, therefore letting Ahmed Shafik remain in the presidential race. The court also ruled that the mainly Islamist-led Parliament, should be dissolved. Both of these verdicts also led to protests, as well.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, June
On 16–17 June, the second round of voting in the presidential elections took place. Both candidates claimed that they had won the election, and each accused the other of cheating. The results of the presidential election were initially going to be officially announced, on Thursday, 21 June. However, this date was later postponed.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, June
On 18 June, the Muslim Brotherhood announced that its candidate, Morsi, had won the election. On the same day, the ruling military junta, (which is scheduled to transfer power to the newly elected President on 30 June), made a statement, in which they severely restricted the powers, of the Presidency. This led to huge protests in Tahrir Square, the biggest since those that eventually ousted Mubarak, more than a year earlier. Many of the protesters were members of the Muslim Brotherhood. On 19 June, the protests continued. Protesters rallied in Tahrir Square in Cairo, accusing the SCAF of planning a coup, and demanding that it back down.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, June
The results of the presidential election were officially announced on 24 June 2012. It was announced that Morsi had narrowly beat Shafik, gaining 52% of the votes, while Shafik got 48% of them. Right after the announcement, Morsi supporters in Tahrir Square celebrated their victory. It has also been noted that this is the first time since Hosni Mubarak's resignation, on 11 February 2011, that celebrations of this magnitude have occurred, in Egypt. However, even after the results of the presidential election were announced, numerous protesters still remained, in Tahrir Square. They were protesting the apparent power grab by the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, June
On 30 June 2012, Morsi was sworn in as the fifth President of Egypt. This marked the first time in Egypt's history that a civilian president has been elected by the people. In the past, all of the other presidents were either from the military or had a military background.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, June
The inauguration of Morsi led to the third wave of the revolution.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, July 2012
On 8 July, Mohamed Morsi issued a decree calling back into session the dissolved parliament for 10 July 2012. Morsi's decree also called for new parliamentary elections to be held within 60 days of the adoption of a new constitution for the country, which was tentatively expected for late 2012. A constitutional assembly selected by the erstwhile parliament had been formed and had begun the work of drafting the constitution. The Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF) held an emergency meeting in response to the decree, but adjourned the meeting without making an announcement.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, July 2012
On 9 July, Egyptian President Mohammed Morsi's order to reconvene parliament was rejected by Egypt's Supreme Constitutional Court which said after meeting on 9 July 2012 that all its rulings and decisions, including its judgement that part of the election for parliament was unconstitutional and which led in return to the assembly's dissolution by the SCAF, are final, not subject to appeal and binding for all state institutions. With its ruling the court asserted that Morsi had no right to reconvene parliament after the court ordered it dissolved in June 2012.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, July 2012
Though the constituent assembly tasked with drawing up Egypt's new constitution was functioning, after being selected by the dissolved parliament, the SCAF also gave itself the power to choose a new assembly if the current one ran into any problems according to Al Jazeera. In its 9 July statement the military council said its constitutional declaration which gave it broad powers "came as a result of the political, legal and constitutional circumstances that the country was facing" and added that the declaration "ensures the continuity of state institutions and the [military council] until a new constitution is drafted". The military said it was "confident" that all state institutions will respect constitutional declarations.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, July 2012
On 10 July, Egypt's parliament convened despite dissolution, but the session was adjourned by Speaker Saad al-Katatni after the members of parliament approved Katatni's proposal that the parliament seek legal advice from the Court of Cassation on how to implement the supreme court's ruling. Thousands gathered in Cairo in protest of a ruling by Egypt's Supreme Constitutional Court to freeze the decree issued by President Mohamed Morsi to reinstate the Islamist-led parliament.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, July 2012
While the Supreme Constitutional Court ruled that Morsi did not have the right to reconstitute the body, it also threatened the new president with the equivalent of contempt of court if he continued to reject its decisions. Parliament asked Egypt's Court of Cassation to essentially overrule the aspect of the Supreme Constitutional Court's decision holding that the whole Parliament must be immediately dissolved because of flaws in the electoral system used to fill a third of the seats.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, July 2012
The Administrative Court (whose function is the review of executive actions), besides the Supreme Constitutional Court (whose function is the review of statutes) and Court of Cassation (whose function is the handling of appeals of lower court rulings) one of the three highest Courts in Egypt, was also weighing that question and has said it would issue its own ruling on 17 July.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, July 2012
On 11 July, Egypt's President Mohamed Morsi declared he would seek dialogue with political forces and judicial authorities to resolve the row over the dissolved parliament. He also said that he would respect Egypt's Supreme Constitutional Court ruling that blocked his decision to call the nation's parliament back into session.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, July 2012
On 14 July, the parliament's request to examine Egypt's Supreme Constitutional Court ruling that dissolved the Islamist-led assembly was rebuffed by the Court of Cassation. Egypt's highest appeals court unanimously ruled on 14 July 2012 it had no jurisdiction over the implementation of the 14 June 2012 constitutional court ruling.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, July 2012
On 16 July, more than 20000 workers at Egypt's largest textiles manufacturing company, which saw major strikes in 2006 and 2008, began their first day of strikes demanding an increase in wages and more government investment in their sector.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, July 2012
On 19 July, the Administrative Judiciary Court of the State Council put on hold all appeals against the formulation of the Constituent Assembly, tasked with drafting a new constitution, until the court decided on 30 July 2012 on suits calling for a change of the judge presiding over the case.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, July 2012
The court was also looking at a case filed against the supplementary constitutional decree released by the Supreme Council of Armed Forces days before President Mohamed Morsi's inauguration, and another against the president's decision to bring back the People's Assembly, parliament's lower house that SCAF dissolved after the Supreme Constitutional Court ruled the parliamentary elections law unconstitutional. The court ruled lack of jurisdiction on both cases and referred the latter back to the Supreme Constitutional Court. Egyptian president Mohamed Morsi ordered to release 572 people detained by the Egyptian military in the 2011 protests, and reduced the sentence of 16 others from life sentence to seven years in jail.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, July 2012
On 30 July, the Administrative Judiciary Court of the State Council ruled on 30 July to postpone the case calling for the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly to 24 September, giving the assembly enough time to complete the drafting of Egypt's new constitution.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, August 2012
On 2 August, the first Cabinet under President Mohamed MorsI headed by Prime Minister Hesham Kandil was sworn in.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, August 2012
On 5 August the 2012 Egyptian–Israeli border attack took place. Following this event Egypt's President Morsi fired his intelligence chief, the head of the military police, several Interior Ministry officials, the head of the presidential guard and the governor of North Sinai, while the President during a trip to the border region vowed with respect to the victims of the attack. "We will never, ever rest until we take revenge and bring back justice to those killed."


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, August 2012
On 8 August, following the 2012 Egyptian–Israeli border attack Egyptian forces launched aerial strikes on militants in response to a series of attacks by masked gunmen on military checkpoints as part of a broader operation against Islamist militant organizations in the Sinai Peninsula.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, August 2012
On 12 August, Morsi asked Mohamad Hussein Tantawi, head of the country's armed forces, and Sami Anan, the Army chief of staff, to resign and Morsi assumed legislative powers. Morsi's spokesman, Yasser Ali, announced that both Tantawi and Anan would remain advisers to the president. Tantawi and Anan were kept on as "special counsels to the president" with undisclosed roles and were given Egypt's highest state honour, the Grand Collar of the Nile. Morsi named Abdul Fatah al-Sisi, who served as chief of military intelligence until 2014, as Egypt's new defense minister.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, August 2012
He also replaced Egypt Chief of Staff Lieutenant General Sami Hafez Anan with General Sedki Sobhi. General Mohamed al-Assar, a member of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, was named an assistant defense minister. Morsi also pushed out the chiefs of the navy, the air force and the air defense branch of Egypt armed forces.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, August 2012
More specifically Vice Admiral Mohab Mamish, Commander of the Egyptian Navy; Lieutenant General Abd El Aziz Seif-Eldeen, Commander of the Egyptian Air Defense Forces; and Air Marshal Reda Mahmoud Hafez, Commander of the Egyptian Air Force were relieved from duty and moved on to civilian roles. Morsi said his decisions had not been intended to humiliate the military. "I never meant to antagonize anyone," Morsi said. "We go on to new horizons, with new generations, with new blood that has long been awaited."


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, August 2012
"I want the armed forces to devote themselves to a mission that is holy to all of us, which is protecting the nation," he said in a televised address. "The decisions I took today were not meant ever to target certain persons, nor did I intend to embarrass institutions, nor was my aim to narrow freedoms," he said. "I did not mean to send a negative message about anyone, but my aim was the benefit of this nation and its people."


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, August 2012
Morsi also announced that the constitutional amendments passed by the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF) that had gutted the authority of his office, and replaced it with his own declaration, one that gave him broad legislative and executive powers and a decisive role in the drafting of Egypt's still unfinished new constitution. In addition Morsi appointed a senior judge and Muslim Brotherhood favorite, Mahmoud Mekki, as his vice president. The new constitutional decree Morsy released was made up of just four articles.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, August 2012
Among the powers Morsi assumed was the power to select a new panel to write Egypt's constitution, if the current panel could finish its work, and the full power to author, approve, and promulgate legislation. This marked the "completion of Egyptian revolution," said an unidentified spokesman according to the Jerusalem Post. The New York Times described the move as an "upheaval" and a "stunning purge", given the power that SCAF had taken after the fall of Mubarak.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, August 2012
Morsi's moves triggered support for and protest against his 12 August decisions, while legal experts questioned legitimacy of Morsi's constitutional changes and conflicting reports emerged from military officials over whether Morsi consulted with the armed forces regarding his decision to retire Tantawi and Anan. Al Jazeera described it as "escalating the power struggle" between the president and military.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, August 2012
On 14 August 2012, Mohamed Salem, an Egyptian lawyer, filed a legal challenge over Morsi's removal of Tantawi and Anan, arguing that Morsi planned to bring back the totalitarian regime.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, August 2012
On 23 August, Egyptian President Mohamed Morsi issued a new law cancelling the Mubarak-era practice of temporarily detaining journalists for so-called "publication offences," including the charge of "offending the president of the republic." With this law Morsi outlawed the pretrial detention of people accused of press crimes. A Constitutional Declaration issued by Morsi earlier in August 2012 gave the president full legislative powers, which he will command until the election of a new parliament.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, September 2012
On 8 September, the Administrative Court of the State Council postponed its decision on the constitutionality of Egypt's Constituent Assembly until 2 October 2012.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, September 2012
On 11 September, a protest was organized by Wesam Abdel-Wareth, a Salafist leader and president of Egypt's Hekma television channel, who called for a gathering at 5 pm in front of the United States Embassy, to protest against a film that he thought was named Muhammad's Trial, which is actually called Innocence of Muslims. After the trailer for the film began circulating, , the Egyptian Salafist Nour Party's spokesman, and Muhammad al-Zawahiri, the brother of al-Qaeda leader Ayman al Zawihiri, called for Egyptians to assemble outside of the American embassy.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, September 2012
About 3,000 demonstrators, many of them from the ultraconservative Salafist movement, responded to his call. A dozen men were then reported to have scaled the embassy walls, after which one of them tore down the flag of the United States of America and replaced it with a black Islamist flag with the inscription of the shahada: "There is no god but God and Muhammad is the messenger of God". Some of the protesters also wrote "There is no God but Allah" on the compound walls.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, September 2012
According to Sherine Tadros of Al Jazeera, the protesters demanded that the film be taken "out of circulation" and that some of the protesters would stay at the site until that happens. Thousands of Egyptian riot police were at the embassy following the breach of the walls; they eventually persuaded the trespassers to leave the compound without the use of force. After that, only a few hundred protesters remained outside the compound. During the entry into the embassy grounds United States Marines were not allowed to carry live ammunition by the State Department. Egypt's prime minister Hesham Kandil said "a number" of protesters later confessed to getting paid to participate.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, September 2012
On 14 September, in the town of Sheikh Zuwayed in the Sinai Peninsula, protesters stormed a compound of the Multinational Force and Observers, designed to monitor the peace treaty between Egypt and Israel. The peacekeeping force opened fire on the protesters. Two members of the peacekeeping force were wounded. Ahmad Fouad Ashoush, a Salafist Muslim cleric, said: "I issue a fatwa and call on the Muslim youth in America and Europe to do this duty, which is to kill the director, the producer and the actors and everyone who helped and promoted the film." Another Muslim cleric, Ahmed Abdullah (aka Abu Islam) tore up the Bible and threw the torn pages on the ground during 11 September embassy attack.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, September 2012
On 22 September, Egypt's Supreme Administrative Court upheld an earlier Supreme Constitutional Court ruling, which had ordered the dissolution of the lower house of Egypt's parliament (People's Assembly) based on the unconstitutionality of some of the parliamentary elections law. The administrative court said that since the electoral laws on which the People's Assembly was elected were found to be unconstitutional, the entire composition of the assembly is invalid.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, September 2012
On 23 September, Egypt's Supreme Administrative Court issued a verdict supporting the right of former members of the now-defunct National Democratic Party (NDP), which was formally disbanded by an administrative court in April 2011, the NDP to run in parliamentary elections.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, October 2012
On 1 October, Egypt's doctors began a partial strike that lasted for weeks.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, October 2012
On 2 October, The Administrative Court of the State Council postponed its decision on the constitutionality of Egypt's Constituent Assembly until 9 October 2012.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, October 2012
On 8 October, Egyptian president Morsi ordered a pardon for all persons who already had convictions and those who were still under investigation or who were on trial for deeds "committed with the aim of supporting the revolution and bringing about its objectives." The decree included felonies and misdemeanors committed to support the uprising to achieve its goals from 25 January 2011 until 30 June 2012 except crimes of first degree murder. It abided the general prosecutor and the military attorney general. Each one in his field was to publish a list for those given amnesty in the official newspaper. The persons missed could submit a complaint within a month of the date of publication, and one or more committees would be formed to consider the complaints under the presidency of the head of court of cessation within thirty days of the date of the complaints.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, October 2012
On 9 October, The Administrative Court of the State Council postponed its decision on the constitutionality of Egypt's Constituent Assembly until 16 October 2012 in order to review more documents.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, October 2012
On 10 October, Egypt's prosecutor general Abdel-Maguid Mahmoud failed to win a conviction of two dozen Mubarak allies charged with orchestrating an attack by thugs on the protesters who ousted Mubarak. Some of the thugs were mounted, and the resulting melee became known as 2 February 2011 Battle of the Camels where men riding horses and camels charged into crowds on Cairo's Tahrir Square, setting off two days of clashes that ended with killing of nearly a dozen people. Activist groups and political parties called for a nationwide protest on 12 October 2011 after a court acquitted all 24 people charged with involvement in the Battle of Camels.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, October 2012
On 11 October, despite the fact that Egyptian law protects the prosecutor general from being ousted by the president, President Morsi ordered Egypt's prosecutor general Abdel-Maguid Mahmoud to leave his position to defuse public anger over acquittals in the Battle of the Camels case. Mahmoud, however, refused to step down and become Egypt's ambassador to the Vatican.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, October 2012
On 12 October, critics and supporters of President Morsi clashed in Cairo's Tahrir Square during a rally, as liberal and secular activists erupted with anger accusing the Muslim Brotherhood of trying to take over the country. The rally sharpened the nation's tensions over its political direction and the failure to bring loyalists of the former government to justice for their actions during Battle of the Camels The clashes erupted between two competing rallies in Tahrir.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, October 2012
One was by liberal and secular activists to criticize Morsi's failure to achieve promises he had made for first 100 days in power and to demand greater diversity on the panel tasked with writing Egypt's new constitution, the other had been called by Morsi's Muslim Brotherhood to call for judicial reforms and to support the move by Morsi on 11 October 2012 to remove the prosecutor-general. The secular camp accused the Brotherhood of holding the gathering to "hijack" the square from their anti-Morsi protest. The violence erupted when Morsi supporters stormed a stage set up by the rival camp, angered by chants they perceived as insults to the president.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, October 2012
On 13 October, Morsi backed down from his decision to remove the country's top prosecutor Abdel-Maguid Mahmoud, keeping him in his post and sidestepping a potential clash with the country's powerful judiciary. The two-day standoff between Morsi and Prosecutor General Mahmoud escalated with a backlash from a powerful group of judges who said Morsi's move had infringed upon their authority and on the judiciary's independence.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, October 2012
Egypt's Vice President Mahmoud Mekki told reporters after meeting the prosecutor that the president agreed to suspend the decision to make Mahmoud Egypt's ambassador to the Vatican following a request from the country's Supreme Judicial Council. Mekki said the presidency had announced the decision to make Mahmoud Egypt's ambassador to the Vatican after initially understanding that Mahmoud had agreed to step down as Prosecutor General. After meeting Morsi and his advisers, Mahmoud told The Associated Press that "a misunderstanding" had been resolved.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, October 2012
On 16 October, The Administrative Court of the State Council postponed its decision on the constitutionality of Egypt's Constituent Assembly until 23 October 2012.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, October 2012
On 23 October, Egypt's Supreme Administrative Court referred the law regulating the Constituent Assembly to the Supreme Constitutional Court and hence suspended the hearing of lawsuits that sought the dissolution of the assembly charged with drafting the new constitution. Plaintiffs from 48 lawsuits demanded the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly claiming the Assembly failed to proportionately represent various social sectors, and violated the interim constitution by including MPs as members.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, October 2012
More specifically, the Administrative Court referred Law 79/2012, which granted the assembly immunity from dissolution, to the Supreme Constitutional Court, which will rule on the law based on the Constitutional Declaration that has governed the country since the fall of former President Mubarak. The parliament had approved the law on the same day of its formation two days before Parliament was dissolved. However, the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces refused to pass the law. After decreeing the return of the People's Assembly, President Morsy approved the stalled law to prevent the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, October 2012
Judge Nazih Tangho of the High Administrative Court referred the case to the Constitutional Court to look into the law that gave the constitutional panel legal immunity, a clause he said needed vetting because no one should be above legal supervision. "The law was meant to prevent the High Administrative Court from looking into appeals ... against the panel," he said. Muslim Brotherhood lawyer Abdel Moneim Abdel Maqsoud stated that the Supreme Constitutional Court needed at least two months to rule on the case, citing the law that obliged it to consider the cases 45 days after its referral.


2012–2013 Egyptian protests, Timeline, November 2012
Sometime between 18 and 21 November, secular groups walked out of the constitutional constituent assembly because they believed that it would impose strict Islamic practices, while members of the Muslim Brotherhood supported Morsi and denied such allegations. Protesters battled the police in Cairo's Mohamed Mahmoud Street over the slow pace of change in Egypt, after thousands of protesters had returned to the streets around Tahrir Square demanding political reforms and the prosecution of officials blamed for killing demonstrators as well as to protest against Morsi and the growing influence of the Muslim Brotherhood. The protests held to commemorate four days of street fighting between protesters and security forces in November 2011 had already turned violent on 19 November 2012.