2013 North Carolina Tar Heels football team, Before the season, Previous season
In his first year as head coach in a season that the UNC football team was ineligible for the ACC title, a bowl game and a ranking in the USA Today Coaches' Poll, Larry Fedora led the team to an 8–4 record. The offense finished the season ranked 14th out of 120 teams in terms of total yards per game. The defense finished the season ranked 56th out of 120 teams in terms of opponent total yards per game. North Carolina had at least eight victories in four of the five years from 2008 to 2012. The eight wins in 2008 and 2009 were vacated due to NCAA penalty. The last time North Carolina had more than eight victories was in 1997.


2013 North Carolina Tar Heels football team, Before the season, Spring practice
Marquise Williams, Bryn Renner's backup quarterback in the 2012 season, was not enrolled in classes at UNC in the spring semester. UNC coach Larry Fedora said Williams may re-enroll at UNC during the summer. After the spring football game in April 2013, Fedora said that if the season started, early enrollee freshman quarterback Mitch Trubisky would be the second-string quarterback.


2013 North Carolina Tar Heels football team, Before the season, Recruiting
Prior to National Signing Day, four high school players that graduated early and received scholarship offers to play football at North Carolina enrolled for the spring semester, allowing them to participate in spring practice. These included: quarterback Mitch Trubisky, wide receiver Jordan Fieulleteau, running back Kris Francis, and offensive tackle R. J. Prince. On February 6, 2013 thirteen additional players signed their National Letter of Intent to play at North Carolina that completed the 2013 recruiting class. Based on the March 2012 sanctions from the NCAA, North Carolina could only sign a maximum of 20 players per year for the next two years versus the regular limit of 25.


2013 North Carolina Tar Heels football team, Before the season, Recruiting
North Carolina's recruiting class was highlighted by five players from the "ESPN 300": No. 118 Brian Walker (CB); No. 159 Greg Webb (DT); No. 194 Johnathan Howard (WR); No. 219 Mitch Trubisky (QB); No. 275 Jordan Fieulleteau (WR). The Tar Heels signed the No. 42 recruiting class according to Rivals.com and the No. 29 recruiting class according to Scout.com. ESPN had North Carolina's class as the No. 21 recruiting class in the nation.


2013 North Carolina Tar Heels football team, Personnel, Coaching staff
North Carolina head coach Larry Fedora entered his second year as the North Carolina's head coach for the 2013 season. After his first year of coaching, Fedora led the Tar Heels to an eight wins and four losses, but post season ineligibility ended their season after their final regular season game. Defensive line coach Deke Adams left the Tar Heels to coach the same position at South Carolina. On February 5, 2013, Illinois defensive line coach Keith Gilmore was hired to replace Deke Adams. David Duggan the outside linebackers coach and special teams coordinator left North Carolina for Southern Mississippi after one season of coaching. Larry Fedora then hired Arizona State coach Ron West to become the new co-defensive coordinator and linebackers coach.


2013 North Carolina Tar Heels football team, NFL Draft
Five former players were selected in the 2014 NFL Draft:


2013 North Dakota State Bison football team
The 2013 North Dakota State Bison football team represented North Dakota State University in the 2013 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by head coach Craig Bohl, in his 11th and ultimately final season, as he left to become the head coach at Wyoming after the season. The team, which played their 21st season in the Fargodome, entered the season as the two-time defending national champions. The Bison have been members of the Missouri Valley Football Conference since the 2008 season.


2013 North Dakota State Bison football team
The season started with a road win over defending Big 12 champion Kansas State 24–21, in front of the second-largest crowd in Wildcats history. According to ESPN.com, Kansas State paid the Bison $350,000 for the matchup. This was the Bison's fourth straight win against an FBS opponent and seventh overall.


2013 North Dakota State Bison football team
The university hosted ESPN College GameDay on September 21, 2013, as the Bison faced Delaware State that afternoon and defeated the Hornets 51–0. This was the first time in the show's history that it was broadcast live from downtown Fargo, and was a rare feature of a non-FBS program. On October 12, in a home game against Missouri State, the Fargodome set a new single-game attendance record (19,108).


2013 North Dakota State Bison football team
With a win at Youngstown State, the Bison won their third consecutive MVFC title, and clinched an automatic playoff spot. The Bison finished the regular season with a perfect overall record of 11–0, their first undefeated record since 1990. NDSU received 17 points in the final AP Poll of the 2013 season, which would have ranked them 29th if that poll ranked teams beyond the top 25.


2013 North Dakota State Bison football team
On December 9, 2013, Bohl was introduced as the next head coach at Wyoming effective at the end of the season. On December 15, Bison defensive coordinator Chris Klieman was selected as Bohl's successor as head coach for the 2014 season.


2013 North Dakota State Bison football team
Their victory in the 2013 FCS title game, held on January 4, 2014 at Toyota Stadium in the Dallas suburb of Frisco, Texas, made the Bison only the second team to win three consecutive FCS national titles, following the 2005–2007 run of Appalachian State. The Bison were also the first unbeaten FCS champions since Marshall in 1996.


2013 North Dakota State Bison football team, Game summaries, at South Dakota State
. Set a new home attendance record for South Dakota State (16,498).


2013 North Dakota State Bison football team, Game summaries, at South Dakota State
‡Met twice in 2012, once in the regular season and again in the second round of the FCS playoffs. The Bison


2013 North Greenville Crusaders football team
The 2013 North Greenville Crusaders football team represented North Greenville University in the 2013 NCAA Division II football season. They were led by first year head coach Jeff Farrington and played their home games at Younts Stadium. The team competed as a Division II Independent football team.


2013 North India floods
In June 2013, a mid-day cloudburst centered on the North Indian state of Uttarakhand caused devastating floods and landslides, becoming the country's worst natural disaster since the 2004 tsunami. The rainfall received that month was far greater than the rainfall the state usually received. Debris blocked the rivers, causing major overflow. The main day of the  flood was 16 June 2013.


2013 North India floods
Though some parts of Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi and Uttar Pradesh in India experienced heavy rainfall, some regions of Western Nepal, and some parts of Western Tibet also experienced heavy rainfall, which drained via the river system to inundate Uttarakhand; hence, over 89% of the casualties occurred in that state. As of 16 July 2013, according to figures provided by the Government of Uttarakhand, more than 5,700 people were "presumed dead." This total included 934 local residents.


2013 North India floods
Destruction of bridges and roads left about 300,000 pilgrims and tourists trapped in the valleys leading to three of the four Hindu Chota Char Dham pilgrimage sites. The Indian Air Force, the Indian Army, and paramilitary troops evacuated more than 110,000 people from the flood-ravaged area.


2013 North India floods, Origin
From 16 June 2013 a well-marked cyclonic circulation developed around a low pressure area over the Bay of Bengal, moving westwardly, rapidly intensified due to moisture supplied from both the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, combining with intense western disturbances from the north, thus causing the Indian state of Uttarakhand and adjoining areas to receive heavy rainfall, leading to 375% of the benchmark rainfall during a normal monsoon.


2013 North India floods, Origin
This caused the melting of Chorabari Glacier at the height of 3800 meters and cresting of the Mandakini River, which led to heavy floods near Gobindghat, Kedar Dome, Rudraprayag district, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Western Nepal, and acute rainfall in other nearby regions of Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and some parts of Tibet.


2013 North India floods, Origin
The upper Himalayan territories of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand are full of forests and snow-covered mountains and thus remain relatively inaccessible. They are home to several major and historic Hindu and Sikh pilgrimage sites besides several tourist spots and trekking trails. Heavy rainfall for four consecutive days as well as melting snow aggravated the floods. Warnings by the India Meteorological Department predicting heavy rains were not given wide publicity beforehand, causing thousands of people to be caught unaware, resulting in huge loss of life and property.


2013 North India floods, Origin
Landslides, due to the floods, damaged several houses and structures, killing those who were trapped. The heavy rains resulted in large flash floods and massive landslides. Entire villages and settlements such as Gaurikund and the market town of Ram Bada, a transition point to Kedarnath, had been obliterated, while the market town of Sonprayag suffered heavy damage and loss of lives. Pilgrimage centres in the region, including Gangotri, Yamunotri, Kedarnath and Badrinath, the hallowed Hindu Chardham (four sites) pilgrimage centers, are usually visited by thousands of devotees, especially after the month of July on wards.


2013 North India floods, Origin
Over 70,000 people were stuck in various regions because of damaged or blocked roads. People in other important locations like the Valley of flowers, Roopkund and the Sikh pilgrimage centre Hemkund were stranded for more than three days. National Highway 7 (Old National Highway 58), an important artery connecting the region was also washed away near Jyotirmath and in many other places. Because summers have more number of tourists, the number of people impacted is substantial. For more than three days, stranded pilgrims and tourists were without rations or survived on little food.


2013 North India floods, Origin
The roads were seriously damaged at more than 450 places, resulting in huge traffic jams, and the floods caused many cars and other vehicles to be washed away. On 18 June, more than 12,000 pilgrims were stranded at Badrinath, the popular pilgrimage center located on the banks of the Alaknanda River. Rescuers at the Hindu pilgrimage town of Haridwar on the river Ganga recovered bodies of 40 victims washed down by the flooded rivers as of 21 June 2013. Bodies of people washed away in Uttarakhand were found in distant places like Bijnor, Allahabad and Bulandshahr in Uttar Pradesh. Searching for bodies who died during the extreme natural fury of June in Kedar valley continued for several months and even as late as September 2013, about 556 bodies were found out of which 166 bodies were found in highly decomposed state during fourth round of search operations.


2013 North India floods, Origin
Although the Kedarnath Temple was not damaged, its base was inundated with water, mud and boulders from the landslide, damaging its perimeter. Many hotels, rest houses and shops around the temple in Kedarnath township were destroyed, resulting in several casualties. Most of the destruction at Kedarnath was caused by a sudden rapid melting of ice and snow on the Kedarnath Mountain, 6 km (3.7 mi) from the temple, which flooded the Chorabari Lake (upstream) and then Kedarnath. The temple was flooded with water resulting in several deaths due to drowning and panic-driven stampede.


2013 North India floods, Origin
Even after a week, dead bodies had not been removed from Kedarnath town, resulting in water contamination in the Kedarnath valley and villagers who depend on spring water suffered various types of health problems such as fever and diarrhea. When the flood receded, satellite images showed one new stream at Kedarnath town. No damage at the Kedarnath Temple occurred. The Uttarakhand Government announced that due to the extensive damage to the infrastructure, the temple will be temporarily closed to regular pilgrims and tourists for a year or two, but the temple rituals will still be maintained by priests. The Temple  opened for pilgrims on Sunday, 4 May 2014.


2013 North India floods, Origin, Other regions affected by the disaster, National Capital Region
New Delhi, Gurugram, Faridabad  and surrounding areas received a high amount of rainfall on 16 June 2013, leading to flooding of the low-lying areas of the cities. The Yamuna River swelled to a new height of 207.75 meters submerging the low lying flood plains along the banks.


2013 North India floods, Origin, Other regions affected by the disaster, Uttar Pradesh
Six-hundred and nine villages, covering a population of 700,000, in 23 districts of Uttar Pradesh were affected by the flood and drought. As of 11 July 2013, more than 120 deaths were reported from the state. The number of people who went to Uttarakhand were mostly from Uttar Pradesh


2013 North India floods, Origin, Other regions affected by the disaster, Himachal Pradesh
In Himachal Pradesh, floods caused loss of life and property and death toll in the state was 20.


2013 North India floods, Origin, Other regions affected by the disaster, Nepal
About 6000 citizens of Nepal were visiting the Indian region, of which 1,000 were rescued as of 22 June 2013. Flooding of the Dhauliganga and the Mahakali rivers had caused extensive damage, with reports of 128 houses and 13 government offices swept away and over 1000 people homeless. A bridge that joins the India-Nepal border was highly damaged.


2013 North India floods, Rescue operations
The Indian Army, Air Force, Navy, Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP), Border SNational Disaster Response Force (NDRF), Public Works Department and local administrations worked together for quick rescue operations. Several thousand soldiers were deployed for the rescue missions. Activists of political and social organisations were also involved in the rescue and management of relief centres. The national highway and other important roads were closed to regular traffic. Helicopters were used to rescue people, but due to the rough terrain, heavy fog and rainfall, manoeuvring them was a challenge.


2013 North India floods, Rescue operations
By 21 June 2013, the Army had deployed 10,000 soldiers and 11 helicopters, the Navy had sent 45 naval divers, and the Air force had deployed 43 aircraft including 36 helicopters. From 17 to 30 June 2013, the IAF airlifted a total of 18,424 people -  flying a total of 2,137 sorties and dropping/landing a total of 3,36,930 kg of relief material and equipments.


2013 North India floods, Rescue operations
On 25 June, one of 3 IAF Mil Mi-17 rescue helicopters returning from Kedarnath, carrying 5 Air Force Officers, 9 of the NDRF, and 6 of the ITBP crashed on a mountainous slope near Gauri Kund, killing all on board. The deceased soldiers were given a ceremonial Guard of honour by Home minister of India, at a function organised by the Uttarakhand State Government.


2013 North India floods, Rescue operations
Indo Tibetan border Police (ITBP) a Force which guards the Indo China borders on the high himalayas with its 3 Regional Response Centres (RRCs) based at Matli (Uttarkashi), Gauchar (Chamoli) and Pithoragarh swung into action and started rescue and relief operation. 2000 strong ITBP force with its mountaineering skills and improvisation methods started rescue of stranded pilgrims. It was a simultaneous effort by ITBP at Kedar ghati, Gangotri valley and Govind ghat areas. According to official figures by ITBP, they were able to rescue 33,009 pilgrims in 15 days on their own from extreme remote and inaccessible areas. Before Army or Air Force called in, being deployed in the nearby areas, ITBP took the first call and saved many lives. They also distributed food packets to stranded pilgrims who were in a pathetic condition being not having any food for more than 72 hours at many places.


2013 North India floods, Aftermath
The Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh undertook an aerial survey of the affected areas and announced ₹10 billion (US$140 million) aid package for disaster relief efforts in the state. Several state governments announced financial assistance, with Uttar Pradesh pledging ₹250 million (US$3.5 million), the governments of Haryana, Maharashtra and Delhi ₹100 million (US$1.4 million) each, the governments of Tamil Nadu, Odisha, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh ₹50 million (US$700,000) each.


2013 North India floods, Aftermath
The US Ambassador to India extended a financial help of US$150,000 through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to the NGOs working in the area  and announced that the US will provide further financial aid of US$75,000. The help was later politely rejected by Government of India. The Government of Kerala offered 20 million rupees and all ministers offered one month's salary.


2013 North India floods, Aftermath
The Government of India also cancelled 9 batches, or half the annual batches of the Kailash-Mansarovar Yatra, a Hindu pilgrimage. The Chardham Yatra pilgrimage, covering Gangotri, Yamunotri, Kedarnath and Badrinath was cancelled for 2 years to repair damaged roads and infrastructure, according to the Uttarakhand Government.


2013 North India floods, Aftermath
Government agencies and priests of Kedarnath temple were planning mass cremation of the hundreds of victims, after one week of tragedy. Local youths from several affected villages near Gangotri helped stranded tourists and pilgrims, by sending messages to their places and by providing food. Rescuers also retrieved approximately ₹10 million (US$140,000) and other jewellery from local persons, including some people dressed like sadhu babas, who reportedly collected it from a destroyed building of a Bank and damaged shops.


2013 North India floods, Aftermath
Nehru Institute of Mountaineering (NIM) was given the responsibility of Rebuilding Kedarnath. Although the institute did not have the expertise in urban planning or construction, they mastered high-altitude training. Under the leadership of Colonel Ajay Kothiyal, the NIM was successful in rebuilding Kedarnath.


2013 North India floods, Climate and environmental factors
A study by Utah State University analyzed the natural and anthropogenic influences on the climate anomalies using simulations, and found that (a) northern India has experienced increasingly large rainfall in June since the late 1980s, (b) the increase in rainfall appears to be associated with a tendency in the upper troposphere towards amplified short waves, and (c) the phasing of such amplified short waves is tied to increased loading of green-house gases and aerosols. In addition, a regional modeling diagnosis attributed 60–90 % of rainfall amounts in the June 2013 event to post-1980 climate trends.


2013 North India floods, Climate and environmental factors
Unprecedented destruction  the rainfall witnessed in Uttarakhand state was also attributed, by environmentalists, to unscientific developmental activities undertaken in recent decades contributing to high level of loss of property and lives. Roads constructed in haphazard style, new resorts and hotels built on fragile river and more than 70 hydroelectric projects in the watersheds of the state led to a "disaster waiting to happen" as termed by certain environmentalists. The environmental experts reported that the tunnels built and blasts undertaken for the 70 hydro electric projects contributed to the ecological imbalance in the state, with flows of river water restricted and the streamside development activity contributing to a higher number of landslides and more flooding.


2013 North India floods, In popular culture
A novel titled A Long Journey was written and published by independent author Pawan Kumar Pandey, who has the floods and the resulting tragedy in his background. The 2018 film Kedarnath starring Sushant Singh Rajput and Sara Ali Khan tells a love story set in the times of the disaster in the valley around the Kedarnath Temple.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
The 2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones formed in the North Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea. The season had no official bounds, but cyclones typically formed between May and December, with the peak from October to November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
The scope of this article is limited to the Indian Ocean in the Northern Hemisphere, east of the Horn of Africa and west of the Malay Peninsula. There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean — the Arabian Sea to the west of the Indian subcontinent, abbreviated ARB by the India Meteorological Department (IMD); and the Bay of Bengal to the east, abbreviated BOB by the IMD.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
The official Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in this basin is the India Meteorological Department (IMD), while the Joint Typhoon Warning Center releases unofficial advisories. On average, 4 to 6 storms form in this basin every season.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Season summary
After a five-month break in tropical cyclone activity over the basin, the first depression of the year developed over the southern Bay of Bengal on May 10, 2013. The system subsequently developed into Cyclonic Storm Viyaru during May 12, before it made landfall near Chittagong, Bangladesh during May 16. As a result of the formation of Viyaru, the low level equatorial monsoon flow strengthened over southern parts of the North Indian Ocean, which in turn allowed the south-west monsoon to set in over the Andaman Sea and parts of the Bay of Bengal during May 17.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Season summary
A depression developed and made landfall on West Bengal, during May 29, before it was last noted during May 31. During June 1, the south-west monsoon set in over Kerala, the Maldives and parts of the south and central Arabian Sea. Over the next two weeks one of the fastest onsets of the monsoon over India was observed  After the monsoon had set in over Kerala, one of the fastest onsets of the monsoon over India was observed, with the whole nation covered by June 16 or about a month earlier than normal. Reasons for the fast onset included a favourable phase of the Madden–Julian oscillation and the west-northwest movement of an area of low pressure between June 12–16.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Cyclonic Storm Viyaru
Originating from an area of low pressure over the southern Bay of Bengal in early May 2013, Viyaru slowly consolidated into a depression on May 10. The depression gained forward momentum and attained gale-force winds on May 11 and was designated as Cyclonic Storm Viyaru, the first named storm of the season. Operationally, the system was referred to as Mahasen; however, this was altered in 2014 with the final report and all archived advisories changed to show Viyaru. Owing to adverse atmospheric conditions, the depression struggled to maintain organized convection as it moved closer to eastern India.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Cyclonic Storm Viyaru
On May 14, the exposed circulation of Viyaru turned northeastward. The following day, conditions again allowed for the storm to intensify. Early on May 16, the cyclone attained its peak intensity with winds of 85 km/h (55 mph) and a barometric pressure of 990 mbar (hPa; 29.23 inHg). Shortly thereafter Viyaru made landfall near Chittagong, Bangladesh. On May 17, it moved over the eastern Indian state of Nagaland.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Cyclonic Storm Viyaru
Early in the storm's existence, it brought flooding rains to much of northwestern Indonesia, resulting in significant damage. At least four people died and six others were reported missing. In preparation for the storm, large-scale evacuations were recommended for parts of Myanmar. This resulted with people overcrowding boats to escape, and one or several vessels capsized, causing at least 39 deaths; 42 people were rescued while 19 others were unaccounted for and feared dead. The storm's expansive cloud mass also brought unsettled weather to Sri Lanka, Thailand, and southeastern India.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Cyclonic Storm Viyaru
Severe storms in India and Sri Lanka were responsible for at least 16 fatalities and significant damage; one person died in Thailand. Striking Bangladesh in a weaker state than initially expected, damage was moderate to severe. A total of 95,003 poorly constructed huts were damaged or destroyed, 17 people died, and nearly 1.3 million were affected across the country. Losses to crops exceeded ৳2.75 billion (US$35.3 million). Myanmar was spared damage and further casualties.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Depression BOB 02
An upper air cyclonic circulation developed into a low-pressure area on May 28. It slowly organized itself, and favorable conditions led to the intensification of the low-pressure area to a depression by the early hours of May 29. Slightly intensifying thereafter, the storm took a northward track and crossed the West Bengal coast in the evening hours of the same day, with peak winds of 45 km/h (28 mph). The depression attained its minimum central pressure of 990 mbar (29 inHg) on May 30. Staying almost a day inland maintaining depression strength, it weakened gradually and dissipated over the states of Bihar and Jharkhand in the evening hours of May 31 due to land interaction and reduced moisture availability. Contai in West Bengal received 260 mm of rainfall in 24 hours on May 30.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Depression BOB 03
A low-pressure area formed over the Bay of Bengal on July 29. It intensified gradually, and the IMD classified the storm as a Depression in the early hours of July 30. The system made landfall between Balasore, Odisha and Digha, West Bengal by the same evening at peak winds of 45 km/h (28 mph) and a minimum central pressure of 990 mbar (990 hPa). Spending an entire day inland, the depression weakened into a well-marked low-pressure area on August 1 over the state of Madhya Pradesh in India.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Depression BOB 03
The storm's precursor brought heavy rainfall to coastal Bangladesh. 30,000 people were marooned as a result of the following severe floods in Kalapara Upazila. In India, a Storm Warning Signal-3 was hoisted in the ports of Odisha, and fishermen were cautioned against venturing into the sea. Chicholi in Madhya Pradesh received 280 mm of rainfall in 24 hours on August 1, 2013.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Land Depression 01
A monsoonal low-pressure area formed over the Bay of Bengal on August 16. It gradually intensified, organizing itself into a Depression in the early hours of August 20 over coastal West Bengal and adjoining northern Odisha and Jharkhand. Over the next few days, the storm moved west-northwestward, before weakening into a well-marked low-pressure area on August 23.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Land Depression 01
The depression brought heavy rainfall to coastal West Bengal. Kolkata received 206 mm (8.1 in) of rainfall over a span of three days, the wettest spell of the monsoon season, causing flooding. At least four people were reported to have been killed across the state due to rain-related events. The system's precursor low caused authorities to raise cautionary signal number 3, at all maritime ports of Bangladesh. Pachmarhi in Madhya Pradesh received 500 mm (20 in) of rainfall in 72 hours.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Phailin
A tropical depression formed along the Gulf of Thailand on October 4. The tropical depression degenerated into a remnant low on October 6, as it crossed the 100th meridian on October 7. Under the influence of an upper air cyclonic circulation, it regenerated into a low-pressure area over the Andaman Sea and adjoining Tanintharyi region. It slowly organized itself and consolidated into a depression on October 8, followed by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issuing a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) the same day.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Phailin
In the early hours of October 9 the JTWC upgraded the storm to a tropical cyclone. The same day, the IMD upgraded the storm to a deep depression, and subsequently a cyclonic storm, naming it Phailin. Rapid intensification ensued, and Phailin strengthened into a Very Severe Cyclonic storm on October 10, followed by the JTWC upgrading the storm to a strong Category 4 status. Continuing its rapid intensification, the storm reached Category 5 status the following day, the first storm to do so in the North Indian Ocean since Cyclone Sidr in 2007.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Phailin
Shortly before landfall, Phailin began another eyewall replacement cycle which led to slight weakening, and the system jumped back to Category 4 status. Maintaining intensity, the storm made landfall close to Gopalpur, Odisha in the evening of October 12. Phailin rapidly weakened as it tracked over rugged terrain, eventually dissipating into a well marked low-pressure area over the state of Bihar on October 14.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Phailin
The cyclone prompted India's biggest evacuation in 23 years with more than 550,000 people moving up from the coastline in Odisha and Andhra Pradesh to safer places. 44 deaths related to the cyclone were reported.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Deep Depression ARB 01
In early November, a low-pressure area formed over the Arabian Sea. It slowly moved westwards and consolidated into Depression ARB 01 on November 8. The JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert the same day, reporting that the depression was moving into an area favorable for further intensification. The next morning, the IMD upgraded the storm to a deep depression; the JTWC similarly upgraded the system to a tropical storm following reports of 65 km/h (40 mph) winds near the storm's center of circulation. Remaining stationary for nearly a day, the storm crossed the coast of Somalia early on November 11. The system rapidly deteriorated due to land interaction, and both the JTWC and the IMD issued their final warnings on the system later that day.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Deep Depression ARB 01
ARB 01 made landfall in the northeastern Puntland region on November 9, and dissipated by the 11th. Around 300 fatalities were reported in the wake of the storm, as well as livestock casualties and damaged infrastructure. Much of the damage was averted by an early administrative response overseen by the Puntland Disaster Management and Rescue committee, which coordinated relief efforts by the Puntland Maritime Police Force, governmental rescue teams, and the Puntland Highway Authority.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Depression BOB 05
On November 8, the remnants of Tropical Depression 30W (Wilma) crossed the Malay Peninsula, and emerged into the eastern Bay of Bengal. During the next several days, the system drifted towards the west while weakening further. On November 12, the system began to reorganize gradually, while continuing to move westwards. On November 13, the system was classified as a depression by the IMD, and given the identifier BOB 05. The depression maintained its intensity despite passing through an environment unfavorable for intensification, and was re-upgraded to tropical cyclone intensity by the JTWC on November 15.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Depression BOB 05
Shortly before landfall, the system weakened due to land interaction, and the JTWC issued its final warning. On November 16, BOB 05 made landfall near Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu, and the system quickly began to weaken. Later on November 16, the IMD issued its final advisory on Depression BOB 05, as the system weakened into a well-marked area of low pressure. Over the next several hours, the remnant low of BOB 05 moved across the central part of Southern India, and the system continued to weaken.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Depression BOB 05
During the next several days, BOB 05 moved westwards across the Arabian Sea as a convectionless low. Later, the remnants of BOB 05 redeveloped a small amount of convection, while continuing to moved westwards. Late on November 21, the remnants of BOB 05 turned to the southwest, affecting Socotra Island on November 22. Early on November 23, the remnants of Depression BOB 05 dissipated just south of Socotra Island.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Depression BOB 05
Heavy rains along with 60 km/h winds lashed many parts of the state of Tamil Nadu. Mayiladuthurai, a town in Nagapattinam district, experienced the highest rainfall, amounting to 220 mm. 13 people were killed as the Depression crossed the state's coast.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Severe Cyclonic Storm Helen
Late on November 17, the remnant energy of Tropical Storm Podul contributed to the development of a trough over the Bay of Bengal, located near the Andaman Islands. During the next couple of days, the storm slowly organized and consolidated, prompting the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) to issue a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) during the early hours of November 19. Later on the same day, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) upgraded the storm to a depression, classifying it as BOB 06, followed by the JTWC reporting that the storm had reached Tropical Storm strength. A couple of hours later, the IMD upgraded BOB 06 into a Deep Depression, as the storm continued to intensify.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Severe Cyclonic Storm Helen
The storm slowly drifted west-northwestward while deep convection consolidated around the system's well-defined center of circulation. In the early hours of November 20, the IMD classified BOB 06 as a Cyclonic Storm, thereby officially naming it Helen. Helen continued to intensify into a Severe Cyclonic Storm the following day, reaching its peak intensity of 100 km/h (62 mph) with a central pressure of 990 mbar (29 inHg).


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Severe Cyclonic Storm Helen
Shortly before landfall, the storm's convection sheared to the north, causing its low level circulation to fully expose followed by the JTWC issuing its final bulletin, reporting that the storm had weakened due to land interaction. Helen made landfall south of Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh and rapidly deteriorated into a deep depression. It was last noted as a low-pressure area on November 23. A total of 11 deaths were reported in incidents related to the cyclone.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Lehar
A low-pressure area formed over the South China Sea on November 18. It was then classified as a tropical depression later that day. It weakened into a low-pressure area on November 22 as it crossed the Isthmus of Kra and entered the Andaman Sea. It then  gradually intensified, and the JTWC classified the system as a tropical depression on November 23. Later on the same day, the storm was upgraded into Depression BOB 07 by the IMD, while the JTWC upgraded the system into a tropical storm.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Lehar
The following day, the BOB 07 strengthened further into a cyclonic storm, and the IMD assigned it the name Lehar. On November 25, the storm gradually consolidated further and was upgraded to a severe cyclonic storm by the IMD, while the JTWC reported that the storm had reached Category 1 status in the SSHS hurricane scale. The following day, Lehar further intensified into a very severe cyclonic storm, as both IMD and JTWC reported peak winds of 140 km/h (87 mph) and a central pressure of 982 mbar (29.0 inHg).


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Lehar
Early on November 27, the JTWC reported the storm's low-level circulation center (LLCC) was losing its structure due to vertical wind shear, indicating a weakening trend. Thereafter, Lehar rapidly weakened into a depression and made landfall near Machilipatnam on November 28. Land interaction led to the degeneration of the storm into a well-marked low-pressure area, while it moved inland.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Lehar
The cyclone affected the Andaman Islands with heavy rain and strong winds. It caused flooding, landslides, road blockage, uprooting of trees and damage to buildings. More than two dozen fishermen went missing and almost all of them were rescued by the Coast Guard and police. In Little Andaman, more than 2000 people were evacuated and kept in Onge-tikrey community hall there. In nearby Havelock Island, about 1500 people sought shelter in the Panchayat community hall. Mayabander and Port Blair recorded 24-hour rainfall accumulations of 243 mm and 213 mm respectively as the cyclone made landfall. Four flights originating from Chennai bound to Port Blair were cancelled due to the cyclone on November 25 while 110 km/h (68 mph) winds lashed the islands.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Madi
On November 30, a low-pressure area formed south of India close to the equator. A day later, microwave satellite imagery revealed a broad low-level circulation center (LLCC). The system slowly drifted northeastward over the next couple of days and slowly intensified. Though the sea surface temperatures were good enough for tropical cyclogenesis, moderate vertical wind shear kept the system from strengthening too quickly. On December 5, the JTWC issued a TCFA on the system. The following day, the storm strengthened further, and the JTWC initiated advisories on the system, designating it as "06B".


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Madi
Around the same time, the IMD started tracking this system as Depression BOB 08. The storm remained nearly stationary over the next 24 hours. Early on December 7, the IMD further upgraded BOB 08 into a Deep Depression, and later upgrading it to Cyclonic Storm Madi about 370 km (230 mi) from Trincomalee, Sri Lanka.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Madi
Tracking slowly north-northwestward under the influence of a deep shortwave trough, the storm quickly intensified into a severe cyclonic storm. Madi accelerated slightly while maintaining a large area of convection. By December 8, Madi had developed an excellent poleward outflow, with deep convection wrapped into a well-defined center. Both the JTWC and IMD were reporting winds of 65 knots (120 km/h; 75 mph) at the center. With this, the IMD upgraded Madi to a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm, the third in 2013. However, Madi moved into an area of increasing vertical wind shear, causing weakening.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Madi
Madi's poleward track was explained by the strong subtropical ridge located to the east of the system. On December 9, the IMD reported that Madi had weakened into a Severe Cyclonic storm. Despite the wind shear, Madi developed an eye on December 10, and the JTWC assessed the system as a Category 1 equivalent for a second time. Against all expectations, the storm continued to track in a northerly direction, until later that day, when it made a sharp, sudden, southwestward turn. Madi started losing all its convection to the strong wind shear.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Madi
Another subtropical ridge located over India had steered the system southwestward. On December 11, Madi's LLCC became clearly exposed after dry air wrapped around the southern part of the system. This weakened Madi into a Cyclonic Storm, and later into a deep depression. Overnight, Madi weakened further into a depression and crossed the  Tamil Nadu coast close to Vedaranyam around 1330 UTC on December 12, 2013. It then emerged into the Palk Strait at 1530 UTC and crossed the Tamil Nadu coast again near Thondi at 1700 UTC on the same day. Colachel in Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu got the highest rainfall of 115 mm in 24 hours on December 13.


2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Season effects
This is a table of all storms in the 2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. It mentions all of the season's storms and their names, durations, peak intensities (according to the IMD storm scale), landfall(s) – denoted by bold location names – damages, and death totals. Damage and death totals include the damage and deaths caused when that storm was a precursor wave or extratropical low, and all of the damage figures are in 2013 USD.


2013 North Korean missile tests
The  2013 North Korean missile tests were a series of North Korean missile tests in 2013.


2013 North Korean missile tests, May 2013 tests
On May 2013, North Korea launched three short-range guided missiles into the Sea of Japan. The first two missiles were shot in the morning, while the third was in the afternoon. The missiles were launched from the same location where two missiles had been displayed, fueled, and then removed weeks before.


2013 North Korean missile tests, May 2013 tests
On 19 May 2013, North Korea launched a fourth missile that landed in the Sea of Japan.


2013 North Korean missile tests, May 2013 tests
On 20 May 2013, North Korea launched short-range projectiles that landed in waters off the country's eastern coast.


2013 North Korean nuclear test
On 12 February 2013, North Korean state media announced it had conducted an underground nuclear test, its third in seven years. A tremor that exhibited a nuclear bomb signature with an initial magnitude 4.9 (later revised to 5.1) was detected by the China Earthquake Networks Center, Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization and the United States Geological Survey. In response, Japan summoned an emergency United Nations meeting for 12 February and South Korea raised its military alert status. It is not known whether the explosion was nuclear or a conventional explosion designed to mimic a nuclear blast; as of two days after the blast, Chinese, Japanese, and South Korean investigators had failed to detect any radiation.


2013 North Korean nuclear test, Test
On 12 February 2013, a spokesman for North Korea's army command said it had successfully conducted a third underground nuclear weapons test, according to the Yonhap. North Korea also said the test had used a miniaturized nuclear device with greater explosive power.


2013 North Korean nuclear test, Test
Before North Korea announced they had conducted the test, seismic activity had already been detected in North Korea by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the seismic network operated by the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) Preparatory Commission, near the site of previous nuclear tests at Mantapsan in Kilju County. A large tremor, first estimated at magnitude of 4.9, was detected in North Korea, and governments in the region were trying to determine whether it was a third nuclear test. The USGS upgraded the magnitude of the possibly nuclear tremor from 4.9 to 5.1, located 24 kilometres (15 mi) east-northeast of Sungjibaegam, North Korea. The tremor occurred at 11:57 am KST (2:57 am UTC), and the USGS said the hypocenter of the event was only one kilometer deep.


2013 North Korean nuclear test, Test
Later, the Geophysical Service of the Russian Academy of Sciences assures the residents in the Russian Far East that the nuclear blast did not trigger any seismic events and underground tremors at 16:00 local time on 12 February 2013 in the area and thus the North Korea's nuclear test does not pose danger to the residents there.


2013 North Korean nuclear test, Test
The China Earthquake Networks Center (Abbreviation: CENC; Chinese: 中国地震台网中心) also reported this event, putting the magnitude at Ms 4.9. The tremor caused by the test could be felt by residents of the neighboring city of Hunchun and Antu, in Yanbian, Jilin Province, China. A citizen of Hyesan, Ryanggang Province of North Korea, 80 km (50 mi) west from the nuclear test site, reported that many 5- and 7-floor buildings shook very severely, and this caused cracking. The explosion was registered by 94 seismic stations and two infrasound stations in the CTBTO's global monitoring system. The CTBTO radionuclide network later made a significant detection of radioactive noble gases that could be attributed to the nuclear test.


2013 North Korean nuclear test, Yield estimates
South Korea's defense ministry said the event reading indicated a blast of 6–7 kilotons, later revised to 6–9 kilotons using the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization's calculation method.


2013 North Korean nuclear test, Yield estimates
The Korea Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources estimated the yield as 7.7–7.8 kilotons while the Japanese put the estimation between 8 and 10 kilotons.


2013 North Korean nuclear test, Yield estimates
Some experts estimate the yield to be up to 15 kilotons, since the test site's geology is not well understood. The Russian Defence Ministry said the power of North Korea's nuclear test blast "surpassed 7 kilotons".


2013 North Korean nuclear test, Yield estimates
NORSAR compared the seismic data from all three North Korean nuclear tests and estimated the yield of the 2013 test as approximately 10 kilotons.


2013 North Korean nuclear test, Yield estimates
The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, a state-run geology research institute in Germany, estimated the yield initially at 40 kilotons. However, this estimation has since been revised to 14 kilotons of TNT (59 TJ) after the January 2016 North Korean nuclear test was conducted.


2013 North Korean nuclear test, Yield estimates
On 19 June 2013, the University of Science and Technology of China released a report that claimed that they had found the precise location of the test at latitude 41°17′26.88″, longitude 129°4′34.68″, with an error margin of 94 meters and the yield at around 12.2 kt, with a margin of error of 3.8 kt.


2013 North Korean nuclear test, Yield estimates
In comparison, the fission nuclear bombs dropped by the Enola Gay on Hiroshima (Little Boy, a "gun-type" nuclear bomb) and on Nagasaki by Bockscar (Fat Man, an "implosion-type" nuclear bomb) had blast yield equivalences of 16 and 21 kilotons respectively.


2013 North Korean nuclear test, Further tests
On 4 February 2013, a South Korean military official had stated that there was a "chance that the southern tunnel is a decoy, but we are not ruling out that the regime will conduct nuclear tests simultaneously at both tunnels". On 15 February 2013, North Korea had told China that they were preparing for one or two more nuclear tests that year. On 8 April 2013, South Korea had observed activity at Punggye-ri, suggesting that a fourth underground test was being prepared. It was later believed that the tunneling activity that started in April was for a long-term project, and that a nuclear test wouldn't occur soon.


2013 North Korean nuclear test, Further tests
According to a U.S. expert, North Korea has everything in place for a fourth explosion but is hesitating due to the fear that it would anger China. A professor from Georgetown University predicted that test would occur in spring 2014 at latest.


2013 North Korean nuclear test, Further tests
On 17 December 2013, a member of South Korea's parliamentary intelligence committee said that a nuclear and missile test would occur soon to draw attention away from the execution of Jang Sung-taek. This was said after North Korea floated propaganda leaflets to South Korea that threatened the annihilation of Baengnyeongdo.


2013 North Korean nuclear test, Further tests
On 22 April 2014, South Korea reported that North Korea had stepped up its activity at its main nuclear test site, meaning they may be preparing for their fourth underground nuclear test. The United States urged North Korea to refrain from testing.


2013 North Korean nuclear test, Further tests
On 6 January 2016 North Korea says it has successfully carried out a hydrogen bomb test, which if confirmed, will be a first for the reclusive regime and a significant advancement for its military ambitions. The test took place at 10 a.m. local time, the regime said in a televised statement. The seismic event, which measured the event at a magnitude of 5.1, occurred 19 kilometers (12 miles) east-northeast of Sungjibaegam, the United States Geological Survey said. A senior U.S. administration told CNN it could take days to obtain the scientific data to determine whether this was a successful test.


2013 North Korean nuclear test, Reactions
In response, Japan's Prime Minister, Shinzo Abe, called an urgent security meeting of the United Nations Security Council. The emergency session was to be held 9 am EST on 12 February 2013. Tibor Toth, executive secretary of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization Preparatory Commission (CTBTO), confirmed the event's location was "roughly congruent with" nuclear tests carried out by North Korea in 2006 and 2009. Japan's Kyodo News service reported the Japanese defense ministry had scrambled aircraft to hunt for radiation effects. Japan's government held a national security council meeting in Tokyo according to NHK. The South Korean military also raised its readiness level. In general, international reactions to the 2013 North Korean nuclear test have been almost uniformly negative.


2013 North Las Vegas mayoral election
The 2013 North Las Vegas mayoral election was held on April 2, 2013 to elect the mayor of North Las Vegas, Nevada. It saw the election of John Jay Lee, who defeated incumbent mayor Shari Buck.


2013 North Miami mayoral election
The 2013 North Miami mayoral election took place on May 14, 2013 and June 4, 2013, to elect the mayor of North Miami, Florida. The election was officially nonpartisan. Lucie Tondreau was elected after a runoff election between her and former mayor Kevin Burns. The first round was held on May 14, 2013.


2013 North Queensland Cowboys season
The 2013 North Queensland Cowboys season was the 19th in the club's history. Coached by Neil Henry and co-captained by Johnathan Thurston and Matthew Scott, they competed in the NRL's 2013 Telstra Premiership. The Cowboys finished the season in 8th place and were knocked out in the first week of the finals by the Cronulla Sharks.


2013 North Queensland Cowboys season, Season summary
The Cowboys entered the 2013 NRL season with high expectations and without their long time hooker and club legend Aaron Payne, who retired at the end of 2012. The side won their Round 1 game against the Canterbury Bulldogs but would only win five of their next 19 games, leaving them sitting in 15th place after 20 rounds. Tragedy struck the club on 29 April, when talented rookie Alex Elisala died at age 20. The Cowboys defeated the Parramatta Eels five days later, dedicating the game and the rest of the season to Elisala.


2013 North Queensland Cowboys season, Season summary
On 29 July, coach Neil Henry had his contract terminated after re-signing until the end of 2014 in March. Henry stayed on as head coach until the end of 2013, as the Cowboys went on a six-game winning streak to  finish in 8th place and qualify for the finals series. They were defeated 20-18 by the Cronulla Sharks in week 1 of the finals, in a game in which the Sharks scored a try on the 7th tackle of a set.


2013 North Queensland Cowboys season, Season summary
On 1 October the club appointed former player Paul Green as their head coach for the 2014 and 2015 seasons.


2013 North Queensland Cowboys season, Season summary
At the end of the season, the Cowboys' had 13 players selected for the 2013 Rugby League World Cup.


2013 North Queensland Cowboys season, Representatives
The following players have played a representative match in 2013


2013 North Texas Mean Green football team
The 2013 North Texas Mean Green football team represented the University of North Texas during the 2013 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was led by third-year head coach Dan McCarney and played its home games at Apogee Stadium. It was the Mean Green's first season as members of Conference USA, competing in the West Division. The team earned a 9-4 record (6-2 in conference) and won the 2014 Heart of Dallas Bowl. Additionally, it set a school record for average home attendance per game at 21,030. The defense was notable for being statistically the best second half defense in the Football Bowl Subdivision. It received two top 25 votes in the Coaches' Poll to end the season.


2013 North Texas Mean Green football team
The team began the season with a 2-3 record in its first five games before going on a five-game winning streak, culminating in a win against the Rice Owls, which was televised on Fox Sports 1. After losing to the UTSA Roadrunners, the Mean Green were eliminated from conference championship contention. After defeating the Tulsa Golden Hurricane to end the regular season, the Mean Green defeated the UNLV Rebels in the Heart of Dallas Bowl. The bowl game win gave the Mean Green their best season and first bowl win since 2002 and their first winning season since 2004.


2013 North Texas Mean Green football team, Game summaries, Rice
With the win, the Mean Green became bowl eligible for the 2013 season.


2013 North Texas Mean Green football team, Game summaries, UTEP
This game is notable for being the second highest attended game at Apogee Stadium.


2013 North Wales Crusaders season
This article details the North Wales Crusaders Rugby League Football Club's 2013 season. This is the club's second season after reforming following the former Super League club Crusaders Rugby League folding. The club will take part in Championship 1 for their second season. The club will be also taking part again in the Challenge Cup, and the National League Cup (known as the Northern Rail Cup for sponsorship reasons) for the first time in their short history.


2013 North Wales Crusaders season, 2013 Table
This table is correct as of 1 September 2013. Source:  and .


2013 North Wales Crusaders season, 2013 Table
Classification: 1st on competition points; 2nd on match points difference.


2013 North Wales Crusaders season, 2013 Squad
It was announced in October 2012 that Crusaders would be again holding open trials for the 2013 squad after very successful trials for the 2012 season.


2013 North Yorkshire County Council election
An election to North Yorkshire County Council took place on 2 May 2013 as part of the 2013 United Kingdom local elections. 72 councillors were elected from 68 electoral divisions, which returned either one or two county councillors each by first-past-the-post voting for a four-year term of office. The four divisions which elected two members were Harrogate Bilton & Nidd Gorge, Harrogate Central, Knaresborough, and Selby Barlby.


2013 North Yorkshire County Council election
Of those seats UKIP won its first ever seats on the council in Bilton and Nidd Gorge, Mark Simpson is widely credited with engaging and campaigning the local area and is widely credited with the gain for UKIP. The electoral divisions were the same as those used at the previous election in 2009. The election saw the Conservative Party maintain overall control of the council.


2013 North Yorkshire County Council election
All locally registered electors (British, Irish, Commonwealth and European Union citizens) who were aged 18 or over on Thursday 2 May 2013 were entitled to vote in the local elections. Those who were temporarily away from their ordinary address (for example, away working, on holiday, in student accommodation or in hospital) were also entitled to vote in the local elections, although those who had moved abroad and registered as overseas electors cannot vote in the local elections.


2013 North Yorkshire County Council election
It is possible to register to vote at more than one address (such as a university student who had a term-time address and lives at home during holidays) at the discretion of the local Electoral Register Office, but it remains an offence to vote more than once in the same local government election.


2013 North Yorkshire County Council election, Divisional results, Harrogate district
Cllr John Savage was the Incumbent Councillor, however left the Conservative Party in 2010, before then joining the Liberal Party. Savage's vote share change is shown with that of the Liberal Party in the last election, who did not stand in said election.


2013 Northamptonshire County Council election
An election to Northamptonshire County Council took place on 2 May 2013 as part of the 2013 United Kingdom local elections. Following a boundary review, the number of county councillors was reduced from 73 to 57 from this election. All members were elected by first-past-the-post voting from single-member electoral divisions for a four-year term of office. The Conservative Party held on to their overall majority, having held overall control of the council since 2005.


2013 Northamptonshire County Council election
All locally registered electors (British, Irish, Commonwealth and European Union citizens) who were aged 18 or over on Thursday 2 May 2013 were entitled to vote in the local elections. Those who were temporarily away from their ordinary address (for example, away working, on holiday, in student accommodation or in hospital) were also entitled to vote in the local elections, although those who had moved abroad and registered as overseas electors cannot vote in the local elections.


2013 Northamptonshire County Council election
It is possible to register to vote at more than one address (such as a university student who had a term-time address and lives at home during holidays) at the discretion of the local Electoral Register Office, but it remains an offence to vote more than once in the same local government election.


2013 Northamptonshire County Council election, Summary
The election saw the Conservatives maintain overall control of the council with a reduced majority of 8 seats. The Labour Party regained their status as the council's official opposition group with 11 seats, a net gain of five. The Liberal Democrats had 6 members elected, a net loss of three. UKIP achieved 3 council seats, while one independent candidate was elected.


2013 Northamptonshire County Council election, Interim By-elections and Defections
Between 2009 and 2013, the only change to council composition were defections from the Conservatives who lost four councillors: one to UKIP, one to the Liberal Democrats and two went independent.


2013 Northeast Conference Baseball Tournament
The 2013 Northeast Conference Baseball Tournament began on May 24 and ended on May 26, 2013 at FirstEnergy Park in Lakewood, New Jersey. The league's top four teams finishers competed in the double elimination tournament. Top seeded Bryant won its first Tournament championship and claimed the Northeast Conference's automatic bid to the 2013 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament.


2013 Northeast Conference Baseball Tournament, Seeding and format
The top four finishers were seeded one through four based on conference regular season winning percentage. They then played a double-elimination tournament.


2013 Northeast Conference Baseball Tournament, All-Tournament Team, Most Valuable Player
Jordan Mountford was named Tournament Most Valuable Player. Mountford was a sophomore outfielder for Bryant.


2013 Northeast Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
The 2013 Northeast Conference Men's Basketball Tournament was held on March 6, 9, and 12, 2013. The tournament featured the league's top eight seeds. The tourney opened on Wednesday, March 6 with the quarterfinals, followed by the semifinals on Saturday, March 9 and the finals on Tuesday, March 12. LIU Brooklyn won the championship, its fifth, and received the conferences automatic bid to the 2013 NCAA Tournament. This is LIU's third NEC Tournament Championship in a row, having won it the previous two years, they are the first NEC team to three-peat.


2013 Northeast Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Format
For the ninth straight year, the NEC Men's Basketball Tournament will consist of an eight-team playoff format with all games played at the home of the higher seed. After the quarterfinals, the teams will be reseeded so the highest remaining seed plays the lowest remaining seed in the semifinals.


2013 Northeast Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Seeds
Teams are seeded based on the final regular season standings, with ties broken under an NEC policy.


2013 Northeast Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Bracket
All games were played at the venue of the higher seed


2013 Northeast Conference men's soccer season
The 2013 Northeast Conference men's soccer season was the 33rd season of men's varsity soccer in the conference.


2013 Northeast Conference men's soccer season
The Quinnipiac Bobcats are the defending regular season champions, while the Fairleigh Dickinson Knights are the defending tournament champions. Quinnipiac will be unable to defend their NEC regular season title, since they are moving to the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference for 2013.


2013 Northeast Conference men's soccer season
Central Connecticut won the Regular Season Championship by going 6-1-0 in conference play and will host the NEC Tournament in New Britain, Connecticut. St. Francis Brooklyn won the 2013 NEC Tournament Championship with the 4th seed by beating Central Connecticut (2-0) then Bryant (3-2).


2013 Northeast Grand Prix
The 2013 American Le Mans Northeast Grand Prix was an auto racing event held at Lime Rock Park, Lakeville, Connecticut, on July 5–6, 2013, and was the fourth round of the 2013 American Le Mans Series season. Muscle Milk Pickett Racing and their drivers Lucas Luhr and Klaus Graf earned their third consecutive victory of the season after Dyson Racing fell back. Level 5 Motorsports' Scott Tucker and Ryan Briscoe overcame an incident with Extreme Speed Motorsports in the P2 category to take the victory, but were later penalized championship points for the maneuver. RSR Racing earned their first victory in the PC class in 2013. BMW's John Edwards and Dirk Müller won the GT category, while Flying Lizard Motorsports scored their first win in the GTC category.


2013 Northeast Grand Prix, Qualifying, Qualifying result
Pole position winners in each class are marked in bold.


2013 Northeast Grand Prix, Race, Race result
Class winners in bold. Cars failing to complete 70% of their class winner's distance are marked as Not Classified (NC).


2013 Northeastern China smog
A dense wave of smog began in Northeast China, especially in major cities including Harbin, Changchun and Shenyang, as well as the surrounding Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning provinces on 20 October 2013. Unseasonably warm temperatures with very little wind across northeastern China coincided with the initiation of Northeast China's coal-powered municipal heating system. Record densities of fine particulates were measured in the city.


2013 Northeastern China smog
In Harbin, the levels of PM2.5 particulate matter rose to 1,000 micrograms per cubic metre, worse than Beijing's historic highs. Visibility dropped to 50 metres (160 ft) and authorities grounded flights and closed more than 2,000 schools.


2013 Northeastern China smog
In Changchun, air pollution recorded at an all-time high and the levels of PM2.5 particulate matter rose to 845 micrograms per cubic metre on 22 October 2013.


2013 Northeastern China smog
The smog eased on 25 October 2013 and had completely dissipated by the 28th due to a cold front that had moved in from Russia.


2013 Northeastern China smog, Background
Officials blamed the dense pollution on lack of wind, burning of crop waste in farmers' fields, and 20 October start-up of Harbin's coal-powered district heating system. Harbin lies in the north of China where winter temperatures can drop to −40 °C (−40 °F), necessitating a six-month heating season.


2013 Northeastern China smog, Background
Air pollution in Chinese cities is of increasing concern to China's leadership. Particulates in the air can adversely affect human health and also have impacts on climate and precipitation. Pollution from the burning of coal has reduced life expectancies by 5.5 years in the north of China, as a result of heart and lung diseases. According to the National Environmental Analysis released by Tsinghua University and The Asian Development Bank in January 2013, 7 of 10 most air polluted cities in the world are located in China, including Taiyuan, Beijing, Urumqi, Lanzhou, Chongqing, Jinan and Shijiazhuang.


2013 Northeastern China smog, Background
As air pollution in China is at an all-time high, several northern cities are among the most polluted cities and have the worst air quality in China. Reporting on China's airpocalypse has been accompanied by what seems like a monochromatic slideshow of the country's several cities smothered in thick smog. According to a survey made by "Global voices China" in February 2013, China's 10 most polluted cities on the blacklist includes major Chinese cities like Beijing, Jinan, Shijiazhuang, Zhengzhou, and 6 other prefectural cities all in Hebei Province. These cities are all situated in traditional geographic subdivision of North China.


2013 Northeastern China smog, Effects
All highways in the surrounding Heilongjiang province were closed. In Harbin, all primary and middle schools and the airport  were closed for three days.


2013 Northeastern China smog, Effects
Hospitals reported a 23 percent increase in admissions for respiratory problems.


2013 Northeastern China smog, Effects
Visibility was reduced to below 50 m (160 ft) in parts of Harbin, and below 500 m (1,600 ft) in most of the neighboring Jilin province. On Fa Yuen Street in Harbin, visibility of less than 5 m (16 ft) was reported.


2013 Northeastern China smog, Effects
In Changchun, the capital of Jilin province, PM2.5 level rose to 845 on 22:00 p.m., 22 October 2013. Visibility of less than 50 m (160 ft) was also reported, but Changchun education bureau refused to close the school and was criticized by parents of the students and public. Other cities in the surrounding Jilin province, including Jilin, Songyuan and Fuyu, ordered to close the schools on 22 October.


2013 Northeastern China smog, Effects
Daily particulate levels of more than 40 times the World Health Organization recommended maximum level were reported in parts of Harbin municipality. The smog remained as of 23 October, when "almost all monitoring stations in Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning provinces reported readings above 200 [μg/m3] for PM2.5". PM2.5 is the amount of particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometres in diameter in the air, with the World Health Organization recommending a maximum 24-hour mean of 25 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m3). On the morning of 23 October, PM2.5 measurements in Harbin had fallen to an average of 123 μg/m3.


2013 Northern Arizona Lumberjacks football team
The 2013 Northern Arizona Lumberjacks football team represented Northern Arizona University in the 2013 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by 16th-year head coach Jerome Souers and played their home games at the Walkup Skydome. They were a member of the Big Sky Conference. They finished the season 9–3, 7–1 in Big Sky play to finish in second place. They were received an at-large bid to the FCS Playoffs where they lost in the first round to South Dakota State.


2013 Northern Arizona Lumberjacks football team, Schedule
Despite also being a member of the Big Sky Conference, the game with UC Davis on September 14 is considered a non conference game and will have no effect on the Big Sky Standings.


2013 Northern Colorado Bears football team
The 2013 Northern Colorado Bears football team represented the University of Northern Colorado in the 2013 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by third-year head coach Earnest Collins Jr. and played their home games at Nottingham Field. They were a member of the Big Sky Conference. They finished the season 1–11, 0–8 in Big Sky play to finish in last place.


2013 Northern Cypriot parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Northern Cyprus on 28 July 2013, a year earlier than necessary. The Republican Turkish Party emerged as the largest in the Assembly of the Republic, winning 21 of the 50 seats.


2013 Northern Cypriot parliamentary election, Background
The government of Prime Minister İrsen Küçük collapsed in May 2013 after eight MPs left his National Unity Party and the government lost a vote of no confidence. On 23 June Sibel Siber became interim prime minister, forming a government consisting of the Republican Turkish Party, the Democratic Party and the Communal Democracy Party. The new government was approved by a vote of 26–11 in the Assembly.


2013 Northern Cypriot parliamentary election, Electoral system
The fifty members of the Assembly were elected by proportional representation in five multi-member constituencies with an electoral threshold of 5%. Voters could either vote for a party list or for individual candidates. If they chose the latter, they could cast as many votes as there were seats in a constituency.


2013 Northern Cypriot parliamentary election, Campaign
Five parties with 250 candidates registered to contest the election, as well as seven independents.


2013 Northern Cypriot parliamentary election, Campaign
Though election campaigns in Northern Cypriot elections are usually related to the Cyprus dispute, this main focus of the 2013 elections concerns about the National Unity Party's Turkish-backed economic programmes and austerity.


2013 Northern European Gymnastics Championships
The 2013 Northern European Gymnastics Championships was an artistic gymnastics competition held in Lisburn, Northern Ireland. The event was held between 23 and 24 November at the Lagan Valley LeisurePlex.


2013 Northern Illinois Huskies football team
The 2013 Northern Illinois Huskies football team represented Northern Illinois University in the 2013 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Huskies competed in the West Division of the Mid-American Conference. They were led by first-year head coach Rod Carey. They played their home games at Huskie Stadium. They finished the season 12–2, 8–0 in MAC play to win the West Division Title. They finished the regular season undefeated (12–0). They represented the West Division in the MAC Championship Game where they lost to East Division Champion Bowling Green 27–47. They were invited to the Poinsettia Bowl where they lost to Utah State 14–21.


2013 Northern Illinois Huskies football team
Fresh off their Orange Bowl Appearance in 2012 the Huskies went undefeated until the MAC Championship. This garnered NIU National attention with the anticipation of another BCS Bowl appearance. Star quarterback Jordan Lynch was a top 3 candidate for the Heisman Trophy. The season marked the Huskies' sixth consecutive trip to a bowl game and their second consecutive bowl game loss.


2013 Northern Illinois Huskies football team, Game summaries, Iowa
Jordan Lynch threw for three touchdowns and ran for two more, as the team came away with their second win of the season.


2013 Northern Illinois Huskies football team, Game summaries, Eastern Illinois
Jordan Lynch threw for 207 yards and three touchdowns, and Northern Illinois scored on a kickoff return and an interception return to rout Purdue 55–24. It's the first time a Mid-American Conference team has beaten two Big Ten foes during the same regular season, and the Huskies made it look easy, tying the MAC record for victory margin over a Big Ten school. Toledo beat Minnesota by 31 in 2001.


2013 Northern Illinois Huskies football team, Game summaries, Kent State
Cameron Stingily ran for a career-high 266 yards and two scores as Northern Illinois remained undefeated with a 38–24 win over Kent State.


2013 Northern Illinois Huskies football team, Game summaries, Akron
The Huskies used their defense and kicking game to beat Akron 27–20 on Saturday night after the offense went 1 for 15 on third-down conversions.


2013 Northern Illinois Huskies football team, Game summaries, Central Michigan
Lynch had three rushing touchdowns and was 20 for 30 through the air for 155 yards and another score to help Northern Illinois (7–0, 3–0 Mid-American) extend the nation's best conference winning streak to 20 games. Lynch rushed for 316 yards, an FBS record for a quarterback, and the 23rd-ranked Huskies stayed unbeaten with a 38–17 victory at Central Michigan.


2013 Northern Iowa Panthers football team
The 2013 Northern Iowa Panthers football team represented the University of Northern Iowa in the 2013 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The team was coached by Mark Farley and played their home games in the UNI-Dome. They were a member of the Missouri Valley Football Conference. They finished the season 7–5, 3–5 in MVFC play to finish in a tie for seventh place.


2013 Northern Ireland Youth Soccer Tournament
The 2013 Northern Ireland Milk Cup was the thirty-first edition of the international football tournament which takes place annually in the north coast of Northern Ireland, and attracts competitors from across the globe. There are three sections to the tournament, the Elite Section (U19), the Premier Section (U17) and the Junior Section (U15). The 2013 U-19 edition was won by Mexico.


2013 Northern Ireland Youth Soccer Tournament
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2013 Northern NSW State League Division 2
Adamstown Rosebud were the Minor Premiers as well as Grand Final winners in 2013. They were promoted to the newly formed NNSW National Premier Leagues for the 2014 season.


2013 Northern Pride RLFC season
2013 was the sixth competitive season for the Cairns based Skill360 Northern Pride Rugby League Football Club. They competed in the QRL state competition, the Intrust Super Cup. 12 clubs competed, with each club playing 22 matches (11 home, 11 away and 2 byes) over 24 rounds.


2013 Northern Pride RLFC season
The Pride finished first and won their first Minor Premiership. Head Coach Jason Demetriou was awarded the Men of League Coach of the Year. The Pride lost both Finals games (the Major Semi-Final and the Preliminary Final) and missed out on a Grand Final appearance. At the end of the season Captain Ty Williams retired.


2013 Northern Pride RLFC season, 2013 Squad
Jordan Tighe (fullback) Semi Tadulala (wing) Hezron Murgha (fullback / wing) Justin Castellaro (wing) Brett Anderson (centre) Davin Crampton (centre / wing) Rickki Sutherland (centre) Ty Williams (c) (centre / five-eighth) Shaun Nona (halfback / five-eighth) Jordan Biondi-Odo (halfback) Sam Obst (halfback / hooker) Ryan Ghietti (halfback / hooker)


2013 Northern Pride RLFC season, 2013 Squad
Alex Starmer (Prop) Ben Laity (Prop) Jason Roos (Hooker) Steve Snitch (Prop / Second Row) Ben Spina (Lock / Second Row) Aidan Smith Nick Dorante (Prop) Maddie Oosen (Hooker) Brent Oosen (Second Row) Jamie Frizzo (Second Row) Tom Hancock (Second Row) Noel Underwood (Prop / Hooker) Mervyn Walker Brian Murgha


2013 Northern Pride RLFC season, 2013 Squad
Scott Bolton Matthew Bowen Kyle Feldt Ashley Graham Dallas Johnson Felise Kaufusi Blake Leary Ethan Lowe Robert Lui Scott Moore Joel Riethmuller Tariq Sims James Tamou Ray Thompson Ricky Thorby Wayne Ulugia


2013 Northern Pride RLFC season, 2013 Squad
Dylan TaylorZac ParterBradley Stephen (Pride Under-18 Squad)Josateki Murray (Pride Under-18 Squad)Pete Tognolini (Pride Under-18 Squad)


2013 Northern Pride RLFC season, 2013 Televised Games, Channel Nine
In August 2012 as part of the historic $1 billion five-year broadcasting agreement with Nine and Fox Sports, the Australian Rugby League Commission confirmed that Intrust Super Cup matches would continue to be televised by Channel 9 until 2018. One match a week will be shown live across Queensland at 2.00pm (AEST) on Sunday afternoons on Channel 9, WIN Television (RTQ), in remote areas on Imparja Television and in Papua New Guinea on Kundu 2 TV. The 2013 commentary team was Peter Psaltis, Paul Green, Matthew Thompson, Scott Sattler and Adrian Vowles.


2013 Northern Pride RLFC season, 2013 Televised Games, Live Streaming
In 2013, all matches (including pre-season trials but excluding matches broadcast live by Channel Nine) were streamed live through the Pride website, with access granted exclusively to Pride members. Video production was by Studio Productions and the commentary team was Adam Jackson and Northern Pride Under-18s coach, Cameron 'Spiller' Miller.


2013 Northern Tablelands state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Northern Tablelands on 25 May 2013. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of independent member Richard Torbay, which was announced on 20 March 2013. Adam Marshall was declared elected on 28 May 2013.


2013 Northern Tablelands state by-election, Background
The seat became vacant when the former Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and Member for Northern Tablelands, Richard Torbay, who was the endorsed candidate for the Nationals for the federal seat of New England, suddenly resigned from State Parliament. Immediately prior to his resignation, the National disendorsed Torbay as preselected candidate for New England. It was claimed that his resignation was due to the controversy surrounding his ownership of more than twenty Centrelink buildings dating back to the era when John Howard was Prime Minister.


2013 Northern Tablelands state by-election, Background
Former mayor of Gunnedah Shire, Adam Marshall, won preselection as the Nationals nominee ahead of Jock Laurie and Claire Coulton.


2013 Northern Tablelands state by-election, Controversies
During the campaign it was reported in the Armidale Express that Marshall had been a financial member of both the Labor and the National parties between 2001 and 2003; by the time his membership of the former expired in 2004, he was employed as a staff member for the then Independent Member for Tamworth, Peter Draper.


2013 Northern Tablelands state by-election, Controversies
One week prior to the by-election, Mal Peters, a councillor of Inverell Shire Council referred a matter of an undisclosed nature relating to Marshall to the Independent Commission Against Corruption. Marshall claimed that Peters' actions were spurious and questioned the timing of the complaint.


2013 Northumberland County Council election
Elections to Northumberland County Council were held on 2 May 2013. The full council was up for election, with each successful candidate serving a four-year term of office, expiring in 2017.


2013 Northumberland County Council election
The council remained in no overall control with the Labour Party becoming the largest party, holding 32 out of 67 seats on the council. Of the remaining 35 seats on the council, the Conservative Party won the 21 seats, the Liberal Democrats won 11 seats and Independents won 3 seats.


2013 Northumberland County Council election, Results
The overall turnout was 34.03% with a total of 84,949 valid votes cast. A total of 726 ballots were rejected.


2013 Northwest Missouri State Bearcats football team
The 2013 Northwest Missouri State Bearcats football team represented Northwest Missouri State University as a member of the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association (MIAA) during the 2013 NCAA Division II football season. Led by third-year head coach Adam Dorrel, the team finished the regular season with an undefeated 11–0 record. They won their fifth NCAA Division II Football Championship with a win over Lenoir–Rhyne in the NCAA Division II Championship Game by a score of 43–28. The Bearcats played their home games at Bearcat Stadium in Maryville, Missouri, which has been the Bearcats' home stadium since 1917.


2013 Northwestern State Demons football team
The 2013 Northwestern State Demons football team represented Northwestern State University in the 2013 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Demons were led by first-year head coach Jay Thomas and played their home games at Harry Turpin Stadium. They were a member of the Southland Conference. They finished the season 6–6, 3–4 in Southland play to finish in fifth place.


2013 Northwestern State Demons football team, Media
All games aired on the radio via the Demon Sports Network, found on KNWD and online at nsudemons.com.


2013 Northwestern Wildcats football team
The 2013 Northwestern Wildcats football team represented Northwestern University during the 2013 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Pat Fitzgerald, in his eighth season at Northwestern, was the team's head coach. The Wildcats home games were played at Ryan Field in Evanston, Illinois. They were members of the Legends Division of the Big Ten Conference.


2013 Northwestern Wildcats football team, Previous season
The Wildcats won their first bowl game since the 1949 Rose Bowl against California by defeating Mississippi State in the Gator Bowl 34–20.


2013 Northwestern Wildcats football team, Game summaries, Ohio State
For the first time since November 11, 1995, ESPN's College GameDay was broadcast from Evanston prior to the game.


2013 Norwegian Figure Skating Championships
The 2013 Norwegian Figure Skating Championships was held at the DNB Arena in Stavanger from December 14 to 16, 2012. Skaters competed in the discipline of single skating. The results were among the criteria used to determine the teams to the 2013 World Championships, 2013 European Championships, 2013 Nordic Championships, and 2013 World Junior Championships.


2013 Norwegian First Division
The 2013 1. divisjon (referred to as Adeccoligaen for sponsorship reasons) was a Norwegian second-tier football league season. The season began on 7 April 2013 and was concluded on 3 November 2013. The league was contested by 16 teams. The top two teams were promoted to the Tippeligaen, while the teams placed from third to sixth place played a promotion-playoff against the 14th-placed team in Tippeligaen to win promotion. The bottom four teams were relegated to the 2. divisjon.


2013 Norwegian First Division, Background
From the 2012 1. divisjon, Start and Sarpsborg 08 won promotion to Tippeligaen, while Stabæk and Fredrikstad were relegated to the First Division.


2013 Norwegian First Division, Background
Tromsdalen, Bærum, Notodden and Alta were relegated from the 2012 1. divisjon, while Elverum, Kristiansund, Vard Haugesund and Follo were promoted from the 2012 2. divisjon.


2013 Norwegian First Division, Summary
At the end of the season Bodø/Glimt and Stabæk won promotion to the 2014 Tippeligaen, while Vard Haugesund, Kongsvinger Elverum and Follo was relegated to the 2. divisjon.


2013 Norwegian Football Cup
The 2013 Norwegian Football Cup was the 108th season of the Norwegian annual knockout football tournament. It began with qualification matches in March 2013. The first round was played 17 April 2013 and the tournament ended with the final on 24 November 2013, which Molde won by beating Rosenborg 4–2.


2013 Norwegian Football Cup
The victory earned Molde a place in the second qualifying round of the 2014–15 UEFA Europa League.


2013 Norwegian Football Cup, Calendar
Below are the dates for each round as given by the official schedule:


2013 Norwegian Football Cup, First round
The 48 winners from the Second Qualifying Round joined with 80 clubs from the Premier League, First Division and Second Division in this round of the competition. The matches took place on 16, 17 and 18 April 2013.


2013 Norwegian Football Cup, Second round
The 64 winners from the First Round were scheduled to play in this round of the competition. The matches took place on 1 and 2 May 2013.


2013 Norwegian Football Cup, Third round
The 32 winners from the Second Round were scheduled to play in this round of the competition. The matches took place on 29 and 30 May 2013.


2013 Norwegian Football Cup, Fourth round
The 16 winners from the Third Round were scheduled to play in this round of the competition. The matches took place on 19 and 26 June 2013.


2013 Norwegian Football Cup, Quarter-finals
The 8 winners from the Fourth Round were scheduled to play in this round of the competition. The matches took place on 3, 4 July and 21 August 2013.


2013 Norwegian Football Cup, Semi-finals
The 4 winners from the Quarter-finals were scheduled to play in this round of the competition. The matches took place on 25 and 26 September 2013.


2013 Norwegian Football Cup, Final
The 2013 Norwegian Football Cup Final was played between Rosenborg and Molde at Ullevaal Stadion in Oslo on 24 November 2013.


2013 Norwegian Football Cup Final
The 2013 Norwegian Football Cup Final was the 108th final of the Norwegian Football Cup. The final was contested by Rosenborg and Molde and took place on 24 November 2013 at Ullevaal Stadion in Oslo.


2013 Norwegian parliamentary election
A parliamentary election was held in Norway on 8 and 9 September 2013 to elect all 169 members of the unicameral Norwegian Parliament. The centre-right coalition obtained 96 seats, while the incumbent red–green coalition government obtained 72 seats and the Green Party obtained one. The Labour Party won the largest share (30.8%) of the votes cast, with the Conservatives coming second (26.8%), after increasing its share by 9.6 percentage points.


2013 Norwegian parliamentary election
Elections in Norway are held on a Monday in September, usually the second or third Monday, as determined by the king-in-council (i.e. the government). In 2013, the election was held on the second Monday. Each municipality was permitted to open some or all of its polling stations on the day before the nationwide election day. This option was exercised by 206 of the 428 municipalities. The main period for early voting was 12 August to 6 September, it was also possible to make an even earlier vote after 1 July by contacting the municipal government.


2013 Norwegian parliamentary election
The election was the fourth for incumbent Prime Minister of Norway Jens Stoltenberg, whose party was previously defeated in the 2001 parliamentary election, but who won both the 2005 parliamentary election and the 2009 parliamentary election (though in the latter election, the opposition narrowly received more votes than the coalition) leading the red–green coalition. Had he been re-elected, Stoltenberg would have been the first prime minister in Norway to be elected for three consecutive terms.


2013 Norwegian parliamentary election
The election ended with a victory for the four opposition right-of-center parties, which won a total of 96 seats out of 169 (85 needed for a majority). The biggest gain was by the Conservative Party, which took 26.8% of the vote, while the governing red–green coalition lost ground; following convention, Stoltenberg's government resigned and handed over power in October. The Labour Party, however, remained the largest party in parliament with 30.8% of the popular vote. The Progress Party also lost ground, but nevertheless became a participant in the new government.


2013 Norwegian parliamentary election
Among the smaller parties, the centrist Liberal Party and Christian Democrats emerged holding the balance of power. Both had campaigned for a change in government. On 30 September the two parties announced that they would support a minority coalition of the Conservative and Progress parties, but they would not participate in the cabinet themselves. The two smaller members of the red–green coalition both lost ground. The Centre Party lost only one seat and maintained a sizable parliamentary delegation, while the Socialist Left Party only narrowly reached the election threshold of 4%. The Green Party, which had not declared support for either bloc, received its first ever member of parliament with a single seat from Oslo.


2013 Norwegian parliamentary election, System
The election used party-list proportional representation in nineteen multi-member constituencies, one for each of the counties of Norway.


2013 Norwegian parliamentary election, System
The number of members to be returned from each constituency varies between 4 and 19. To determine the apportionment of the 169 seats amongst the 19 counties, a two-tier formula is used, based on population and geographic size. Each inhabitant counts one point, while each square kilometer counts 1.8 points.


2013 Norwegian parliamentary election, System
150 of the seats are regular district seats. These are awarded based on the election results in each county, and are unaffected by results in other counties. Nineteen of the seats (one for each county) are leveling seats which are given to parties that win fewer seats than their share of the national popular vote entitles them to. A party must win 4% of the popular vote in order to win compensation seats, but may still win district seats even if it fails to reach this threshold. The system for apportioning seats is biased in favour of rural areas since the area of the county is a factor, but the system of compensation seats reduces the effect this has on final party strength.


2013 Norwegian parliamentary election, System
The total number of seats in the parliament remained unchanged at 169, but population changes meant that some counties gained or lost seats. Hedmark, Sogn og Fjordane, Nord-Trøndelag, Nordland and Troms all lost one seat each. Akershus, Hordaland and Rogaland gained one each, whilst Oslo gained two.


2013 Norwegian parliamentary election, Leadership changes, Liberal Party
Lars Sponheim, who had been leader of the Liberal Party since 1996, stepped down in 2010. Trine Skei Grande was elected new leader on 18 March 2010.


2013 Norwegian parliamentary election, Leadership changes, Christian Democratic Party
Dagfinn Høybråten, who had been leader of the Christian Democratic Party since 2004, stepped down on 30 April 2011. Knut Arild Hareide was elected leader on the same day.


2013 Norwegian parliamentary election, Leadership changes, Socialist Left Party
Kristin Halvorsen, who had been leader of the Socialist Left Party since 1997, stepped down in early 2012. Audun Lysbakken was elected as the new leader of the party on 11 March 2012.


2013 Norwegian parliamentary election, Leadership changes, Red Party
Turid Thomassen, who had been leader of the Red Party since 2010, stepped down in early 2012. Bjørnar Moxnes was elected as the new leader on May 6, 2012.


2013 Norwegian parliamentary election, Campaign
Going into the campaign, the governing red–green coalition were far behind in the polls. Several polls had also shown that a "blue-blue" coalition of the Conservative and Progress parties might gain a majority.


2013 Norwegian parliamentary election, Campaign
The Labour Party continued to criticize the non-socialist opposition for being unable to propose a coalition that was endorsed by all parties. The Conservative Party desired a four-party coalition of all the opposition parties. The Liberal Party and Christian Democrats wanted a coalition with the Conservatives, while the Progress Party declared that they would not support a government they were not participating in. The opposition parties criticized the sitting government for health care queues and not making more use of private providers, for failure to invest in infrastructure, and for high tax rates.


2013 Norwegian parliamentary election, Campaign
The Green Party had never been in parliament before, but performed strongly in several polls, some even showing them above the threshold which would give them a sizable delegation in parliament. The Greens did not declare support for either the red–green or non-socialist blocs, but the Conservative Party considered the Greens to be well on the left side of the political spectrum. As their showings in polling rose, they began to face criticism for highly radical proposals. Nonetheless, the environmentally oriented Liberal and Socialist Left parties expressed worry that the Greens could become a spoiler by taking votes from them.


2013 Norwegian parliamentary election, Campaign
The Conservative Party's image branding of its leader Erna Solberg tried to take a softer tone after she had been dubbed in the media as "Iron Erna" when she tightened immigration rules as local government minister about a decade ago. Instead, their election website had shown her with pictures of hearts and of her smiling. The party's campaign issues included for secure jobs, healthcare, education and better roads. It also campaigned for abolishing the inheritance tax, means-testing for welfare recipients, tax incentives for private savings, simplifying procurement rules to make it easier for smaller businesses to offer for government tenders and the deregulation of alcohol sales.


2013 Norwegian parliamentary election, Campaign
The 2011 Norway attacks were not a central issue of the campaign. All the main parties had strongly condemned both the attacks and the political ideology of the perpetrator. When Stoltenberg accused the Conservatives of poor leadership skills for failing to offer a united alternative to the red–green coalition, Solberg retorted by pointing out that the Gjørv Report had cited poor leadership prior to the attacks. The retort provoked a negative reaction and was described as legitimate but unwise by the political commentator Frank Aarebrot. 33 survivors of the attacks ran for parliament on a Labour ticket, with four being elected, but their status as survivors was not a campaign issue. The Progress Party focused less on this issue and more on healthcare and infrastructure.


2013 Norwegian parliamentary election, Opinion polls
In the run up to the election, various organizations conducted opinion polls to gauge voting intentions. Below is a month by month average of all opinion polls.


2013 Norwegian parliamentary election, Opinion polls
For the smaller parties, the election threshold of 4% became a threat. Several opinion polls showed the Socialist Left Party below the threshold, and on August 18 the party called a press conference declaring that the future of a political force left of Labour was at stake. In the lead-up  to the election, opinion polls consistently predicted a victory for the Conservative-led coalition.


2013 Norwegian parliamentary election, Opinion polls, Seat predictions
The total number of seats in the parliament will remain 169, but due to changes in the population, some counties will gain or lose seats. Hedmark, Sogn og Fjordane, Nord-Trøndelag, Nordland and Troms all lose one seat each. Akershus, Hordaland and Rogaland gain one each, whilst Oslo gains two.


2013 Norwegian parliamentary election, Election
The voting centres closed at 19:00 GMT and the publication of exit polls followed.


2013 Norwegian parliamentary election, Election, Reactions
Conservative Party leader Erna Solberg said: "The voters had the choice between 12 years of red/green government or a new government with new ideas and new solutions". Labour Party leader Jens Stoltenberg has conceded defeat, saying that the party tried "to do what almost no one has done, to win three elections in a row, but it turned out to be tough". Progress Party leader Siv Jensen said: "We will ensure a solid footprint in a new government and if we are going to have good solutions, all four parties must have a place, all must be visible". Christian Democrat leader Knut Arild Hareide said: "The centre will play a key role. We and Trine Skei Grande (Liberal Party leader) have got a key role for the next four years. We are ready to put a new government in place".


2013 Norwegian parliamentary election, Election, Reactions
Several commentators noted in half-jest that all the parties had won something from the election. The four parties on the right gained a majority and were as such the victors, but also, for the defeated red–green coalition, there was a silver lining. The Labour Party's numbers in the polls rose during the campaign and they retained their status as the largest party. The Socialist Left Party had a historically bad election, but they succeeded at climbing over the election threshold and retained seven seats, as compared with a mere two seats had they fallen under. The Centre Party did better than expected, and emerged from eight years in government with about the same amount of support as before. Meanwhile, the Green Party could celebrate their first ever member of parliament.


2013 Norwegian parliamentary election, Election, Analysis
University of Bergen politics professor Frank Aarebrot said of the election campaign that it was dominated by classical welfare issues such as better care for the elderly, improved hospitals and better schools. At the same time, he pointed out that no party called for Norwegians to pay privately for such things as hospital visits, college education or elderly care.


2013 Norwegian parliamentary election, Government formation
The Conservative Party was said to be looking for coalition talks with the Progress Party, Liberal Party and the Christian Democrats. Solberg said that while staying committed to cutting taxes, reducing the size of government and improving health care, she acknowledged a need to make policy concessions. "We will all have to give and take to get a policy stance that has a firm direction and will last over time. All three (other parties) will be tough negotiators in issues close to their hearts". Four-party talks involved the Conservatives, Progress Party (FrP), Christian Democrats (KrF) and Liberals. FrP demanded Siv Jensen become the new finance minister.


2013 Norwegian parliamentary election, Government formation
On September 30, the four parties on the right announced that they had reached an agreement for a minority cabinet consisting of the Conservative and Progress parties with confidence and supply from the Liberal and Christian Democratic parties.