2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections
After release of preliminary results, the Liberal Party emerged as the largest party in the chamber. Its coalition partners also held most of their seats. Incumbent Speaker Feliciano Belmonte, Jr. was easily reelected as the Speaker of the 16th Congress.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections, Electoral system
The election for seats in the House of Representatives is done via parallel voting. A voter has two votes: one for one's local district, and another via the party-list system. A candidate is not allowed to stand for both ballots, and parties participating in the district elections would have to ask for permission on the Commission on Elections, with major parties not allowed to participate in the party-list election.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections, Electoral system, Election via the districts
Each district sends one representative to the House of Representatives, with the winner with the highest number of votes winning that district's seat. The representatives from the districts comprise at most 80% of the seats.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections, Electoral system, Election via the party-list system
In the party-list system, the parties contesting the election represent a sector, or several sectors, or an ethnic group. In determining the winners, the entire country is treated as one "district". Each party that surpasses the 2% election threshold automatically wins one seat, they can win an additional number of seats in proportion to the number of votes they received, but they can't have more than three seats. The representatives elected via the party-list system, also known as "sectoral representatives" should comprise at least 20% of the seats. However, since the winners from the parties that surpass the 2% threshold had not reached the 20% quota ever since the party-list system was instituted, the parties that received less than 1% of the first preference vote are given one seat each until the 20% quota has been filled up.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections, Electoral system, Campaigning
The parties contesting the district elections campaign at the district level; there is no national-level campaigning. While no party has been able to win a majority of seats in the House of Representatives since the 1987 elections, the party of the incumbent president had usually controlled the chamber in the phenomenon known locally as the "Padrino System" or patronage politics, with other parties aligning themselves with the president's policies in exchange for pork barrel and future political favors.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections, Electoral system, Campaigning
While the parties contesting the Senate election grouped themselves into two major electoral alliances (Team PNoy and the United Nationalist Alliance), the constituent parties of those alliances separately contested the elections to the House of Representatives. However, as stated above, the parties will again coalesce once the 16th Congress of the Philippines convenes.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections, District changes
Reapportioning (redistricting) the number of seats is either via national reapportionment after the release of every census, or via piecemeal redistricting for every province or city. National reapportionment has not happened since the 1987 constitution took effect, and aside from piecemeal redistricting, the apportionment was based on the ordinance from the constitution, which was in turn based from the 1980 census.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections, District changes
These are the following laws pertaining to redistricting that were passed by Congress. While a locality that has a minimum of 250,000 people is constitutionally entitled to one district representative, Congress should enact a law in order for it to take effect. The creation of new districts may be politically motivated, in order to prevent political allies (or even opponents) from contesting one seat.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections, District changes
Bukidnon, Cotabato, Palawan and Quezon City received additional representatives in the upcoming Congress.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections, District changes
The number of new legislative districts may also increase the seats allocated for party-list representatives: for every five new legislative districts, one seat for a party-list representative is also created.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections, Marginal seats
These are seats where the winning margin was 3% or less, politicians may choose to run under a different political party as compared to 2010. This excludes districts where the nearest losing candidate or that candidate's party is not contesting the election, or districts that were redistricted.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections, Retiring and term-limited incumbents
These are the incumbents who are not running for a seat in the House of Representatives, and are not term limited:


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections, Open seat gains
*Kaka Bag-ao is a party–list representative for Akbayan who ran in Dinagat Islands district under the Liberal Party and won.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections, Results, District elections
Only the Liberal Party can win the election outright by placing candidates in a majority of seats. With 292 seats, including seats reserved for sectoral representatives, 147 seats are needed for a majority, and only the Liberal Party is contesting more than 150 seats.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections, Results, District elections
The Liberal Party did win a near majority of the district seats. They are expected to form a coalition with other Team PNoy component parties, other parties, most independents, and most party-list representatives for a large working majority. Lakas-CMD is expected to form the minority bloc anew, while the United Nationalist Alliance and left-leaning representatives may join either bloc.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections, Results, District elections
A total of six independents won, one less than in 2010.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections, Results, District elections
The vote totals below were collected from the results displayed from the COMELEC's "Transparency" server. These are partial and unofficial. The seats won are the ones which had been officially proclaimed by the COMELEC.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections, Results, Party-list election
The Commission on Elections was supposed to release results for the party-list election along with the results for the Senate election; however, the commission suspended the release of results after questions of whether to include votes for the twelve disqualified parties, although not with finality, were to be included or not. Canvassing of results for the party-list election resumed on May 19 after the 12 senators-elect were already proclaimed, with the commission meeting to determine on what to do with the votes of the twelve disqualified parties. On May 22, the commission announced that they will proclaim the winning parties, but not the number of seats.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections, Aftermath
Preliminary results states that President Aquino's allies winning an overwhelming majority of seats in the House of Representatives. This makes Aquino the only president enjoy majorities in both houses of Congress since the People Power Revolution of 1986. This is seen as an endorsement of the voters of Aquino's reformist agenda; although several key wins elsewhere by the United Nationalist Alliance and its allies would mean that Aquino's chosen successor may face a significant challenge in the 2016 presidential election.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections, Aftermath
Speaker Feliciano Belmonte, Jr. is seen to keep his speakership position with the Liberals winning at least 100 out of the 234 district seats. Majority Leader Neptali Gonzales II said that a great majority of incumbents are poised to successfully defend their seats, and that the Liberal Party are to be the single largest party in the lower house. The Nacionalista Party has at least 15 winning representatives, "a substantial number" of the 40 incumbents Nationalist People's Coalition are to hold their seats, and the 34-member National Unity Party House leader Rodolfo Antonino expects Belmonte to be reelected as speaker. The United Nationalist Alliance won three seats in Metro Manila, and at least 2 more seats outside the metropolis.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections, Aftermath, Election for the Speakership
15th Congress Speaker Feliciano Belmonte, Jr. easily won reelection for the speakership. The race for minority leader, usually given to the person finishing second in the speakership race, was narrowly won by Ronaldo Zamora over Ferdinand Martin Romualdez. There was one abstention, from Toby Tiangco, who wanted to be an independent. Belmonte also abstained from voting, while Romaualdez and Zamora voted for themselves; if Belmonte only had one opponent he would've voted for his opponent, and his opponent would've voted for him (as seen in the 15th Congress speakership election). Since there were more than two nominees, the traditional courtesy votes did not push through.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Calabarzon
Elections were held in Calabarzon for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 13, 2013.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Calabarzon
The candidate with the most votes won that district's seat for the 16th Congress of the Philippines.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Calabarzon, Batangas, 1st District
Tomas Apacible is the incumbent. His primary opponent is former Representative Eileen Ermita-Buhain


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Calabarzon, Batangas, 2nd District
Incumbent Hermilando Mandanas, who had earlier resigned from the Liberal Party is term limited. The Liberals nominated actor and incumbent board member Christopher de Leon, with the United Nationalist Alliance nominating former Board Member Godofredo Berberabe. Berberabe died on March 4, 2013. The Running of Godofredo Berberabe is continued by his brother, Danilo Berberabe.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Calabarzon, Batangas, 3rd District
Nelson Collantes is the incumbent. His opponents are former Representative Victoria Hernandez-Reyes, Tanauan Mayor Sonia Torres-Aquino and Nicomedes Hernandez


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Calabarzon, Batangas, 4th District
Mark L. Mendoza is the incumbent. His opponent is Bernadette Sabili, wife of incumbent Lipa Mayor Meynardo Sabili.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Calabarzon, Cavite, 1st District
Incumbent Joseph Emilio Abaya resigned on October 18, 2012, in order to be the Secretary of Transportation and Communications. The seat is presently vacant up to election day. His brother, Francis Gerald is his party's nominee. Former Kawit mayor Fedrerico Poblete is his opponent, with movie director and activist Joel Lamangan withdrawing at the race.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Calabarzon, Cavite, 3rd District (Imus)
Incumbent Erineo Maliksi is running for the governorship; his party nominated former board member Alex Advincula.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Calabarzon, Cavite, 4th District (Dasmariñas)
Incumbent Elpidio Barzaga of the National Unity Party is also nominated by the Liberal Party.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Calabarzon, Cavite, 6th District
Antonio Ferrer is running for mayor of General Trias. His brother, incumbent General Trias Mayor Luis "Jon Jon" Ferrer IV is his party's nominee. His opponent is former Vice Governor Dencito Campaña.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Calabarzon, Cavite, 7th District
Incumbent Jesus Crispin Remulla is term limited; his brother former Representative Gilbert Remulla is his party's nominee. His primary opponent is Abraham Tolentino, incumbent Mayor of Tagaytay and brother of Metropolitan Manila Development Authority Chairman Francis Tolentino


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Calabarzon, Laguna, 2nd District
Incumbent Timmy Chipeco is term limited; his father, Calamba mayor Jun Chipeco, Jr., is his party's nominee. His opponent is former governor Teresita Lazaro


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Calabarzon, Laguna, 3rd District
Maria Evita Arago is the incumbent. She will oppose former ABS-CBN News anchor/reporter Sol Aragones.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Calabarzon, Laguna, 4th District
Incumbent Edgar San Luis is running for the governorship. His Liberal Party, named Benjamin Agarao as their nominee in this district.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Calabarzon, Quezon, 2nd District
Incumbent Irvin Alcala is running for the governorship; his uncle, Vice Governor Vicente Alcala, is his party's nominee. His opponents are former congresswoman Lynette Punzalan, Keigoutina Suarez, Lucena Mayor Barbara Ruby Talaga and Marivic Rivera


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Calabarzon, Quezon, 3rd District
Incumbent Danilo Suarez is term limited. His wife Aleta, is his party's nominee.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Calabarzon, Quezon, 4th District
Incumbent Lorenzo Tañada III is term limited; his brother Wigberto is his party's nominee.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Caraga
Elections will be held in Caraga for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 13, 2013.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Caraga, Agusan del Norte, 1st District
Incumbent Jose Aquino II is not running for the position; instead, he is running for Butuan's mayorship. His Lakas–CMD party did not name a nominee in this district.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Caraga, Agusan del Norte, 2nd District
Incumbent Angelica Amante-Matba is not running. Her brother incumbent Governor Erlpe John Amante is running unopposed.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Caraga, Agusan del Sur, 2nd District
Evelyn Mellana is the incumbent. She will face former Representative Rodolfo Plaza.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Caraga, Dinagat Islands
Incumbent Ruben Ecleo Jr. has been dropped from the rolls of the House of Representatives after the Supreme Court ruled that the Sandiganbayan's conviction of Ecleo on graft was valid. No special election was held. Dinagat Mayor Gwendolyn Ecleo is his party's nominee. She will face incumbent Akbayan Partylist Representative Kaka Bag-ao, who is running as guest candidate of the Liberal Party.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Luzon
Elections were held in Central Luzon for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 13, 2013.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Luzon
The candidate with the most votes won that district's seat for the 16th Congress of the Philippines.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Luzon, Aurora
Incumbent Juan Edgardo Angara is term limited and is instead running for the Senate. His aunt, Governor Bellaflor Angara-Castillo, is his party's nominee.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Luzon, Bataan, 1st District
Incumbent Herminia Roman is being challenged by Bases Conversion and Development Authority chairman Felicito Payumo; Payumo substituted for Edwin Enrile.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Luzon, Bataan, 2nd District
Incumbent Albert S. Garcia is term limited; his father Governor Enrique Garcia is his party's nominee. Actor Onemig Bondoc of Aksyon Demokratiko withdrew his candidacy on February 5.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Luzon, Bulacan, 2nd District
Incumbent Pedro Pancho is term limited; his son Gavini is his party's nominee.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Luzon, Bulacan, San Jose del Monte
Arthur Robes is the incumbent. On early February, the Commission on Elections' Second Division disqualified his primary opponent, singer Imelda Papin for failure of proving her residence in the city; the complaint was filed by Arangkada San Joseno Political Party, which said that she is actually a resident of nearby North Fairview, Quezon City. However, the commission en banc overturned the Second Division's decision, thereby allowing Papin to run.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Luzon, Nueva Ecija, 1st District
Incumbent Josefina Joson is running for the governorship. Her husband Quezon mayor Mariano Cristino Joson is his party's nominee.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Luzon, Nueva Ecija, 4th District
Incumbent Rodolfo Antonino is term limited ; his daughter Magnolia Antonino-Nadres is his party's nominee.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Luzon, Pampanga, 1st District
Incumbent Carmelo Lazatin is not running instead he is running for mayor of Angeles City, Lakas-CMD thru the local party KAMBILAN nominates basketball coach and incumbent Vice-Governor Yeng Guiao. he will face former Congressman Francis Nepomuceno.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Luzon, Pampanga, 2nd District
Incumbent Gloria Macapagal Arroyo is running despite of her sickness and in hospital arrest.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Luzon, Pampanga, 3rd District
Aurelio Gonzales Jr. is the incumbent. He will be facing-off incumbent San Fernando City Mayor Oscar Rodriguez.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Luzon, Pampanga, 4th District
Incumbent Anna York Bondoc is term limited; her brother Juan Pablo Bondoc is her party's nominee.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Luzon, Tarlac, 3rd District
Jeci Lapus is the incumbent, he was defeated by Concepcion mayor Noel Villanueva.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Luzon, Zambales, 1st District
Incumbent Mitos Magsaysay is term limited; she is running for the Senate; her son, Jesus Vicente II or Jobo, is her party's nominee. he will face outgoing olongapo city mayor James Gordon Jr. and former subic mayor Jeffrey Khonghun.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Luzon, Zambales, 2nd District
Incumbent Jun Omar Ebdane succeeded Antonio M. Diaz in a special election when the latter died in 2011.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas
Elections were held in Central Visayas for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 13, 2013.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Bohol
Each of Bohol's three legislative districts elected representative to the House of Representatives. The candidates with the highest number of votes won the seats.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Bohol, 1st District
Rene Relampagos was the incumbent. The last termer and incumbent Tagbilaran city mayor Dan Neri Lim challenged him for the congressional seat.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Bohol, 2nd District
Incumbent Erico Aumentado died while in office on December 25, 2012. The Nationalist People's Coalition named his son Aris as their substitute. The younger Aumentado tangled with his father's perennial rival, former three-term congressman and the incumbent Trinidad mayor Roberto Cajes.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Bohol, 3rd District
Incumbent Arthur Yap ran unopposed for the second consecutive election after his opponent, Loboc mayor, Leon Calipusan, backed out for personal reasons.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Cebu
Each of Cebu's six and 3 others legislative districts elected representative to the House of Representatives. The candidates with the highest number of votes won the seats.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Cebu, 1st District
Incumbent Eduardo Gullas was term limited; he ran for mayor of Talisay City. His party nominated his son, Gerard Anthony.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Cebu, 3rd District
Incumbent Pablo John Garcia ran for governor instead. His sister, incumbent Governor Gwen Garcia was party's nominee.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Cebu, 5th District
Incumbent Ramon Durano ran for the Danao city vice mayoralty instead; his brother, former tourism secretary Joseph Ace Durano ran under the Liberal Party banner.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Cebu, 6th District
Gabriel Luis Quisimbing was the incumbent, his opponent was former congresswoman Nerissa Corazon Soon-Ruiz running under the United Nationalist Alliance banner.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Cebu City, 1st District
Incumbent Rachel del Mar did not run; her party named Raul del Mar as their nominee. Her primary opponent was actress Annabelle Rama. Rama announced her candidacy for Congress via Twitter on May 2012, debunking rumors that she was running for the city council. Cebu City mayor Michael Rama, her cousin, confirmed Rama's candidacy. The PDP–Laban, one of the parties within the United Nationalist Alliance, adopted Mayor Rama's ticket as their candidates in the elections, including Annabelle Rama.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Cebu City, 1st District
The Commission on Elections disqualified Junan Arenasa, Pablo Dorinio and Eliseo Tumulak for being "nuisance candidates".


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Cebu City, 1st District, 2nd District
Incumbent Tomas Osmeña ran for mayor against incumbent Cebu City mayor Mike Rama. His party nominated Rodrigo Abellanosa for the South District congressional post.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Lapu-Lapu City
Incumbent Arturo Radaza did not run; his daughter Aileen Radaza was the party's nominee.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Negros Oriental
Each of Negros Oriental's three legislative districts elected representatives to the House of Representatives. The candidates with the highest number of votes won the seats.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Negros Oriental, 1st District
Incumbent Jocelyn Sy-Limkaichong was on her second term but she decided to run for governor instead. The ruling Liberal Party nominated her brother-in-law, former Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board board member Manuel Iway, as its nominee.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Negros Oriental, 2nd District
George P. Arnaiz was the incumbent. His primary opponent was Bais City mayor Karen Villanueva.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Siquijor
Orlando B. Fua Sr. was the incumbent on his second term but decided not to run. Instead his party named his son Governor Orlando Fua Jr. as their nominee.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Siquijor
Winning candidate Jose Ray Pernes died May 12, one day before election, because of a heart attack. He was substituted by his wife Marie Anne Pernes.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Eastern Visayas
Elections were held in Eastern Visayas for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 13, 2013.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Eastern Visayas, Southern Leyte
Incumbent Roger Mercado is term limited and is running for the governorship. Incumbent governor Damian Mercado is his party's nominee.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila
Elections were held in Metro Manila (the National Capital Region) for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 13, 2013.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila
In any given district, the candidate who receives a  plurality of votes will receive that district's seat for the 16th Congress of the Philippines.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Caloocan, 1st District
Incumbent Oscar Malapitan is term-limited and running for mayorship, his son Dale Gonzalo Malapitan is the party's nominee. He will face three-term mayor Enrico Echiverri.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Caloocan, 2nd District
Mitzi Cajayon is the incumbent. She will face vice mayor Edgar Erice and former Congressman Luis Asistio.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Makati, 1st District
Monique Lagdameo is the incumbent. The district was the tightest race in 2010's legislative election, with Lagdameo enjoying a winning margin of 0.19%.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Manila, 5th District
Amado Bagatsing is the incumbent. His KABAKA party is affiliated with the United Nationalist Alliance.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Manila, 6th District
Incumbent Rosenda Ocampo's primary opponent is Benny Abante, the erstwhile incumbent whom she defeated in 2010 by a margin of less than 2%.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Navotas
Toby Tiangco is the incumbent. He is under Partido Navoteño, the ruling local party, which will contest this election at the banner of the United Nationalist Alliance. (He is also UNA's national secretary-general.)


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Parañaque, 1st District
Incumbent Edwin Olivarez is running for mayor against Benjo Bernabe; his brother Eric is his party's nominee.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Parañaque, 2nd District
Incumbent Roilo Golez is term limited. His party nominates former mayor Joey Marquez, however he is running as independent. Marquez will be challenged by incumbent vice mayor Gustavo Tambunting.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Quezon City
The second district of Quezon City was redistricted into three districts. The district that will continue to carry the "second district" name is the one surrounding the Batasang Pambansa Complex, immediately south of the La Mesa Dam watershed. The two new districts are designated as the fifth and sixth districts. The other districts  that were not affected by the redistricting (first, third and fourth) retained their nomenclatures.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Quezon City, 1st District
Incumbent Vincent "Bingbong" Crisologo is on his last term, having served as Representative of the 1st District from 2004–2013. ; his wife Rita is his party's nominee. she was lost to councilor Francisco Calalay.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Quezon City, 2nd District
The second district of Quezon City was redistricted into three districts. The district that will continue to carry the "second district" name is the one surrounding the Batasang Pambansa Complex, immediately south of the La Mesa Dam watershed.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Quezon City, 2nd District
Winston Castelo, the incumbent 2nd district representative, is running here.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Quezon City, 3rd District
Jorge Banal, Jr. is the incumbent, his opponent is former congressman Matias Defensor, Jr.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Quezon City, 4th District
Feliciano Belmonte, Jr., the Speaker of the House of Representatives, is the incumbent.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Quezon City, 5th District
The 5th district comes from old 2nd district's northernmost area, comprising most of Novaliches.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Quezon City, 5th District
Actor and councilor Alfred Vargas won against former congresswoman Mary Ann Susano and former Congressman Dante Liban.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Quezon City, 6th District
The 6th district comprises the old 2nd district's southernmost parts (Balintawak, Southern Portion of Novaliches and Tandang Sora areas). Lawyer Christopher "Kit" Belmonte, who ranked second to Winston Castelo in the 2010 polls), is running unopposed.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, San Juan
Incumbent JV Ejercito is running for the Senate under the United Nationalist Alliance (UNA); his UNA-affiliated Partido Magdiwang nominated former representative Ronaldo Zamora as their nominee. His opponent is Councilor Jannah Ejercito, daughter of Jessie Estrada, brother of Joseph Estrada, who is Ejercito's father.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Taguig and Pateros
Taguig's 1st Sangguniang Panlungsod (SP) district and Pateros collectively elect one seat in the House of Representatives. Taguig's 2nd SP district is allocated another seat.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Taguig and Pateros, 1st District
Arnel Cerafica is the incumbent. He will be facing off against Councilor Gigi Valenzuela de Mesa. Cerafica is also nominated by local party Kilusang Diwa ng Taguig.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Taguig and Pateros, 2nd District
Sigfrido Tiñga is the incumbent but decided not to run in any position due to his personal reason. Former Councilor Henry Duenas, Jr. will take his place to be a congressman. He will facing off against TV/Movie Director and Barangay Chairman of Fort Bonifacio Lino Edgardo S. Cayetano.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Valenzuela, First district
Incumbent Rexlon Gatchalian is running for the mayorship; his brother, Mayor Sherwin Gatchalian, is his party's nominee.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Valenzuela, Second district
Magtanggol Gunigundo is the incumbent. He will be facing off against councilor Shalani Soledad-Romulo.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Mimaropa
Elections were held in Mimaropa for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 13, 2013.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Mimaropa
The candidate with the most votes will win that district's seat for the 16th Congress of the Philippines.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Mimaropa, Marinduque
Incumbent Lord Allan Jay Velasco, the son of Presbitero Velasco, Jr., an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines, is going up against Regina Ongsiako Reyes, daughter of provincial governor Carmencita Reyes and sister of Toll Regulatory Board Executive Director Edmundo Reyes, Jr. Velasco won against Edmundo Reyes in 2010; however, Reyes filed an election protest but the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal dismissed Reyes' suit and even increase Velasco's lead an additional 39 votes after recounts.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Mimaropa, Marinduque
Reyes was disqualified by the Commission on Elections' First Division after it ruled that she is a naturalized American citizen, which also caused her residency to be forfeited as the commission said that "she has not abandoned her domicile of choice in the USA." Reyes is allowed to appeal the decision to the commission en banc.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Mimaropa, Occidental Mindoro
Incumbent Ma. Amelita Villarosa is term limited. Edgardo Urieta is her party's nominee, his opponent is governor Josephine Sato.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Mimaropa, Oriental Mindoro, 1st District
Incumbent Rodolfo Valencia is term limited; Calapan city mayor Paulino Leachon is his party's nominee.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Mimaropa, Palawan
The second district of Palawan was redistricted into two districts: Puerto Princesa and Aborlan is designated as the third district, while the rest of the old second district retained that nomenclature.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Mimaropa, Palawan, 1st District
Incumbent Antonio C. Alvarez is term limited; his son Franz Joseph is his party's nominee.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Mimaropa, Palawan, 2nd District
Incumbent Rep. Victorino Dennis Socrates is running for the vice governorship. While his National Unity Party did not name a nominee, his local party Partidong Pagbabago ng Palawan nominated Frederick Abueg.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Northern Mindanao
Elections were held in the Northern Mindanao for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 13, 2013.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Northern Mindanao
The candidate with the most votes won that district's seat for the 16th Congress of the Philippines.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Northern Mindanao, Bukidnon
Bukidnon was redistricted into four districts after the candidacies were submitted. As a result, the Commission on Elections (Philippines) will take into account the places where the nominees are registered to determine on what district they are running under.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Northern Mindanao, Bukidnon, 3rd District
Incumbent from the predistricted third district Jose Ma. Zubiri III found himself running at the redistricted 3rd district. His Bukidnon Paglaum party is in an electoral alliance with the Liberal Party.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Northern Mindanao, Camiguin
Incumbent Pedro Romualdo's opponent is former member of parliament Homobono Adaza. However, Romualdo died on April 23, 2013. His grandson Xavier who is one of the top 10 in 2012 bar exam as his replacement candidate.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Northern Mindanao, Lanao del Norte, 2nd District
Incumbent Fatimah Aliah Dimaporo is not running. Former Representative.Abdullah Dimaporo is her party's nominee.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Northern Mindanao, Misamis Oriental, 2nd District
Incumbent Yevgeny Vincent Emano opted not to run again for a 3rd and final term. Instead, he is running for governorship. Augusto H. Baculio is his party's nominee.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Soccsksargen
Elections were held in Soccsksargen for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 13, 2013.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Soccsksargen
The candidate with the most votes won that district's seat for the 16th Congress of the Philippines.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Soccsksargen, Cotabato, 2nd District
Incumbent 2nd district representative Nancy Catamco is running here. former representative Bernardo Piñol, Jr. is his main opponent.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Soccsksargen, Cotabato, 3rd District
The third district covers the central part of the province. Senior Board Member Jose Tejada is running here.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Soccsksargen, Sarangani
Eight-division world boxing champion and incumbent Manny Pacquiao is running unopposed. He is co-nominated by his People's Champ Movement.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Soccsksargen, South Cotabato, 1st District
Pedro Acharon is the incumbent. His opponent is Rogelio Pacquiao, if elected, he will join his brother Manny in the House separately


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Soccsksargen, South Cotabato, 2nd District
Incumbent Daisy Fuentes is running for governor. Ferdinand Hernandez is her party's nominee.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Western Visayas
Elections were held in Western Visayas for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 13, 2013.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Western Visayas
The candidate with the most votes will win that district's seat for the 16th Congress of the Philippines.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Western Visayas, Aklan
Incumbent Florencio Miraflores is term limited and running for the governorship. His cousin, Kasangga party-list representative Teodorico Haresco is his party's nominee but he is running as an independent.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Western Visayas, Bacolod
Anthony Golez Jr. is the incumbent. Originally from the Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC), his party nominated incumbent Mayor Evelio Leonardia instead. As a result, Golez is running as an independent.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Western Visayas, Iloilo, 1st District
Incumbent Janette Garin is term limited and is ineligible to run. Her husband, Vice Governor Oscar Garin Jr. is running in her place.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Western Visayas, Iloilo, 2nd District
Augusto Syjuco Jr. is the incumbent, he was defeated by pavia mayor Arcadio Gorriceta and rank 3 on election results.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Western Visayas, Iloilo, 4th District
Incumbent Ferjenel Biron is term limited and is ineligible to run. His brother, Hernan Biron Jr. is running in his place. His opponent is former governor Niel Tupas Sr.. If Tupas elected, he will join his son Niel Jr. in the house separately.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Western Visayas, Iloilo City
Jerry Treñas is the incumbent. He will be facing off against former congressman Raul Gonzales Jr.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Western Visayas, Negros Occidental, 2nd District
Alfredo Marañon III is term limited; he is running for the mayorship of Sagay; the National Unity Party named Leo Rafael Cueva as their nominee, he will be facing off against former Schools Division Superintendent of Cadiz City Otilia Galilea of the NPC.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Western Visayas, Negros Occidental, 3rd District
Alfredo Benitez is the incumbent. He will face former Representative Jose Carlos Lacson.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Western Visayas, Negros Occidental, 4th District
Incumbent Jeffrey Ferrer's certificate of nomination was unilaterally withdrawn by the Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC) after he campaigned for Alfredo Marañon Jr. of the United Negros Alliance in the gubernatorial election instead of NPC nominee Vice Governor Genaro Alvarez Jr. The NPC instead is supporting independent Ike Barredo's candidacy.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Western Visayas, Negros Occidental, 5th District
Alejandro Mirasol is the incumbent; he won in a special election that was called after erstwhile incumbent Iggy Arroyo died.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
Elections were held in the ARMM for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 13, 2013.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
The candidate with the most votes won that district's seat for the 16th Congress of the Philippines.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, Maguindanao, 1st District
Bai Sandra Sema is Incumbent and she will face former Congresswoman Bai Sendig Dilangalen.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, Maguindanao, 2nd District
Incumbent Simeon Datumanong is term-limited; his Lakas–CMD nominated Annie Datumanong, his daughter, as their nominee. Her primary opponent is Pandag Mayor Zajid Mangudadatu.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, Tawi Tawi
Incumbent Nur Jaafar is term limited and running for the governorship. Anuar Abubakar is his party's nominee.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region
Elections were held in the Bicol Region for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 13, 2013.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region
The candidate with the most votes won that district's seat for the 16th Congress of the Philippines.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Albay, 1st District
Incumbent Edcel Lagman (independent) is term limited; his son former Quezon City councilor Edcel Lagman, Jr. is running under  Liberal Party.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Camarines Norte, 1st District
Incumbent Renato Unico, Jr. is running for governor. Catherine Reyes is his party's nominee.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Camarines Sur, 2nd District
Dato Arroyo is the incumbent and he will face outgoing Governor Luis Raymond Villafuerte.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Camarines Sur, 3rd District
Incumbent Luis Villafuerte is term limited; he will run for the governorship. His wife, Monetary Board member Nelly is his party's nominee. Late Secretary of the Interior and Local Government Jesse Robredo's widow Leni is her primary opponent.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Camarines Sur, 4th District
Incumbent Arnulfo Fuentebella is term limited; his son former congressman Felix William is his party's nominee. His opponent is actor Aga Muhlach, of the Liberal Party.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Camarines Sur, 4th District
On November 2012, Muhlach's candidacy was in jeopardy when a Camarines Sur Municipal Trial Court (MTC) ordered his name to be stricken off the voters' list as it ruled that he had not complied with residency requirements. Muhlach appealed the decision. A month later, the Camarines Sur Regional Trial Court (RTC) in San Jose upheld the MTC decision, allowing the removal of Muhlach from the voters' list. However, the Philippine Court of Appeals issued a restraining order on January 2013 preventing the RTC from executing its decision, thereby allowing Muhlach to run.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Camarines Sur, 4th District
A week later, the Commission on Elections ruled that Muhlach is a natural-born Filipino citizen and is thus eligible to run. The commission maintained that Muhlach, who had Spanish-born father who was a naturalized Filipino at the time of his birth and a natural-born Filipino mother, didn't renounce his Philippine citizenship when the Spanish government issued him a Spanish passport, and that while Muhlach may be a dual citizen, local laws have no control on laws from other countries, including their citizenship laws.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Camarines Sur, 4th District
The Court of Appeals ruled on February 13 that the Muhlachs be reinstated in the voters' list, annulling the decision of the MTC and RTC, saying that the couple "have more than sufficiently complied with the residency requirement in law." Less than a month later, the Commission on Elections' Second Division dismissed a petition to dismiss Muhlach's certificate of candidacy due to his lack of residency, removing all obstacles for his candidacy.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Camarines Sur, 5th District
Salvio Fortuno is the incumbent. He will be going against former congressman Felix Alfelor, Jr. and actor Rez Cortez


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Masbate, 1st District
Incumbent Narciso Bravo, Jr. is term limited; his wife Maria Vida is his party's nominee.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Masbate, 2nd District
Incumbent Antonio Kho is running for the governorship; his wife former governor Elisa Olga Kho is his party's nominee.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Sorsogon, 1st District
Incumbent Salvador Escudero III died while in office. His widow Evelina is his party's nominee.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Sorsogon, 2nd District
Deogracias Ramos, Jr. is the incumbent. Independent candidate Jose Solis, congressman until 2010 when he was term limited, died on April 23, 2013. It is unknown if he, as an independent, will have a replacement candidate.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Cagayan Valley
Elections were held in the Cagayan Valley for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 13, 2013.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Cagayan Valley
The candidate with the most votes won that district's seat for the 16th Congress of the Philippines.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Cagayan Valley, Cagayan, 1st District
Incumbent Jack Enrile is running for the Senate; his wife Salvacion is his party's nominee.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Cagayan Valley, Cagayan, 2nd District
Baby Aline Vargas-Alfonso is the incumbent after winning a special election when Florencio Vargas, her father, died. As a result of independent candidate Sherwin Calimag's disqualification, Vargas-Alfonso is running unopposed.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Cagayan Valley, Isabela, 1st District
Rodolfo Albano Jr. is running for mayor of Cabagan, Isabela. His son, incumbent Vice Governor Rodolfo Albano III is his party's nominee


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Cordillera Administrative Region
Elections were held in the Cordillera Administrative Region for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 13, 2013.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Cordillera Administrative Region
The candidate with the most votes won that district's seat for the 16th Congress of the Philippines.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Davao Region
Elections were held in Davao Region for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 13, 2013


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Davao Region, Davao del Norte, 1st District
Antonio Rafael del Rosario is the incumbent. He join his namesake Capiz Rep. Antonio del Rosario.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Davao Region, Davao del Sur, 1st District
Incumbent Marc Douglas Cagas is not running for position; instead he is running for the governorship. His mother Board Member Mercedes Cagas is his party's nominee.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Ilocos Region
Elections were held in the Ilocos Region for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 13, 2013.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Ilocos Region
The candidate with the most votes won that district's seat for the 16th Congress of the Philippines.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Ilocos Region, Ilocos Sur, 1st District
Incumbent Ryan Singson is not running; instead, he is for the governorship of Ilocos Sur. His brother, former Representative Ronald Singson who had resigned in 2011 due to a personal scandal, is his party's nominee.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Ilocos Region, Pangasinan, 3rd District
Incumbent Maria Rachel Arenas was running unopposed but backed out; her mother, Rosemarie Arenas is her substitute.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Ilocos Region, Pangasinan, 6th District
Incumbent Marilyn Primcias-Agabas is running unopposed after her sole opponent, Brigido Gallano (independent), withdrew.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Zamboanga Peninsula
Elections were held in Zamboanga Peninsula for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 13, 2013.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Zamboanga Peninsula
The candidate with the most votes won that district's seat for the 16th Congress of the Philippines.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Zamboanga Peninsula
In Isabela, Basilan, although a part of this region, the voters elect their representative via Basilan's legislative district. Isabela is politically within Basilan despite being in a separate regions.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Zamboanga Peninsula, Zamboanga City, 1st District
Incumbent Maria Isabelle Climaco Salazar did not run for re-election; she ran for the mayorship instead. Incumbent Mayor Celso Lobregat was her party's nominee under the coalition of LDP-LP-AZAP.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Zamboanga Peninsula, Zamboanga City, 1st District
The UNA-ZTZ coalition fielded former Monsignor Crisanto dela Cruz for the post. Dela Cruz previously run for the mayorship in 2007 and for the vice-mayorship in 2010. This was the second time where Dela Cruz and Mayor Lobregat went against each other; the previous time was in the 2007 mayoral elections.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Zamboanga Peninsula, Zamboanga City, 2nd District
Incumbent Erico Basilio Fabian was term limited and ran for the mayorship instead. He then formed a local coalition known as Fuerza Zamboanga, yielding District II Councilor Lilia Nuño to replace him.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Zamboanga Peninsula, Zamboanga del Norte, 2nd District
Rosendo Labadlabad was the incumbent. He faced incumbent governor Rolando Yebes.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Zamboanga Peninsula, Zamboanga del Norte, 3rd District
Incumbent Cesar Jalosjos was term-limited, and Johanna Jalosjos-Parreño was the party's nominee. Former Zamboanga del Norte Governor Isagani S. Amatong ran against Jalosjos-Parreño.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Zamboanga Peninsula, Zamboanga Sibugay, 1st District
Incumbent Jonathan Cabilao Yambao did not run; his mother, former representative Belma Cabilao was the party's nominee.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives party-list election
Elections were held for seats reserved for the party-list representation in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 13, 2013. At most 10% of the seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines are reserved for party-list representatives.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives party-list election
The election was via the party-list system, with a 2% "soft" election threshold via the Hare quota, except that no party can win more than 3 seats, and if the seats won do not reach the 20% of the seats of the entire House of Representatives, the parties that have yet to win seats will get a seat each until the 20% reserved for party-lists have been filled up.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives party-list election, Party-list purge
The Commission on Elections (Comelec) purged the parties participating in the party-list election from almost 200 parties in the 2010 election to just over 100. However, most of the disqualified party-lists successfully got restraining orders from the Supreme Court to retain their names on the ballot. On April 6, 2013, the Supreme Court changed its earlier ruling on what are the criteria set for joining in the party-list election to a more liberal interpretation. With this, the court gave back the cases of the disqualified parties to the Comelec for consideration under the new interpretation.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives party-list election, Raffle
The Comelec also raffled the parties on the order that they will appear on the ballot. This is to avoid parties using numbers or the letter "A" as the first letter of their party to be seen first by the voter.


2013 Philippine House of Representatives party-list election, Nominees
The Comelec released the list of nominees of every party that appeared on the ballot.


2013 Philippine Peace Cup
The 2013 Philippine Peace Cup was the second edition of the tournament, an international football competition organized by the Philippine Football Federation (PFF) to celebrate peace month in the country through football. This edition involved the national teams of the Philippines and only two invitees instead of three. It was held in Bacolod, Negros Occidental from October 11–15, 2013.


2013 Philippine Peace Cup, Participants
New Caledonia, Kyrgyzstan and an unspecified team from the 2012 Philippine Peace Cup were initially mooted as participants. On September 24, the PFF announced that Chinese Taipei, runners-up in the previous edition of the tournament had confirmed their participation. They also sent an invitation to the Federation of Uganda Football Associations, but they turned it down citing the expensive airfare and the bad timing due to having other commitments.


2013 Philippine Peace Cup, Participants
The Rwandese Association Football Federation (FERWAFA) were another invitee and the PFF claimed that they were close to finalizing their participation. However, the FERWAFA stated that they hadn't made any decision and had to check if they had budget to compete in the tournament. On September 27, the FERWAFA confirmed that they had arranged an international friendly match against Uganda on October 15, thus ruling them out of the tournament.


2013 Philippine Peace Cup, Participants
The following day, it was announced that Pakistan would be participating in the tournament. The PFF then stated that only three teams would be involved. Burundi and 2013 SAFF Championship winners Afghanistan were also considered as invitees.


2013 Philippine Senate election
The 2013 election of members to the Senate of the Philippines was the 31st election to the Senate of the Philippines. It was held on Monday, May 13, 2013 to elect 12 of the 24 seats in the Senate. Together with those elected in 2010, the candidates elected in this election shall comprise the 16th Congress. The senators elected in 2010 will serve until June 30, 2016, while the senators elected in this election will serve up to June 30, 2019. The elections to the House of Representatives as well as local elections occurred on the same date. The Philippines use plurality-at-large voting for seats in the Senate: the twelve candidates with the highest number of votes win the twelve seats up for election. The Senate seat vacated by President Benigno Aquino III in 2010 was among the twelve seats to be put for election.


2013 Philippine Senate election
While the Philippines is a multi-party democracy since 1987, parties have not been able to complete a 12-candidate slate. This means parties have to form coalitions in order to complete a slate, this lessens the number of slates the voters have to choose for.


2013 Philippine Senate election
In this election, the two coalitions that completed 12-candidate slates are Team PNoy led by the President Benigno Aquino III's Liberal Party, and the United Nationalist Alliance (UNA) of former president Joseph Estrada's Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino and Vice President Jejomar Binay's Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan; the two slates used to share three common candidates, until they were dropped by UNA.


2013 Philippine Senate election
Team PNoy banked on Aquino's popularity and was leading 9−3 in the surveys, with Loren Legarda emerged topping the Senate election for a record-tying third time. However, on the final weeks of the campaign, Legarda was accused of hiding assets abroad, a charge she vehemently denied. On election night, former Movie and Television Review and Classification Board chairperson Grace Poe, daughter of defeated 2004 presidential candidate Fernando Poe, Jr., emerged as the frontrunner. Poe, Legarda, and four others were proclaimed on May 16, and further proclamations were held until May 18.


2013 Philippine Senate election
Team PNoy did win nine seats against UNA's three, with both coalitions winning at the expense of retiring or term-limited senators who were not members of either coalition. Team PNoy campaign manager and senator Franklin Drilon was elected Senate President upon the convening of the 16th Congress of the Philippines on late July, after emerging as the frontrunner in the Senate Presidency, at the expense of incumbent Juan Ponce Enrile of UNA.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Electoral system
Philippine senatorial elections are done via the plurality-at-large voting system: the entire country is one at-large "district", where a voter can vote up to twelve people (one vote per candidate), with the twelve candidates with the highest number of votes deemed being elected. Senators who are currently serving their second consecutive term are term limited, although they may run again in 2016. Only half of the seats are up in every senatorial election.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Electoral system
Each party has a slate of as many candidates as it can muster, although they do not usually exceed a 12-person ticket. If a party cannot complete a full ticket, they may invite "guest candidates" to complete the ticket. They may even come other slates, and these guest candidates may not participate in electoral rallies by their adoptive party(ies), or may not cooperate at the Senate if elected. A coalition of different parties may be formed in cases where no party has the ability to complete a full ticket; a party may not include their entire slate on a coalition ticket. Independents may become guest candidates and be included in coalitions.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Electoral system
While the Philippines is a multi-party system, parties tend to group themselves into two major coalitions in midterm elections (Lakas-Laban vs NPC in 1995, PPC vs Puwersa ng Masa in 2001); sometimes a third, but weaker, coalition is formed. This is opposed to senatorial elections in presidential election years where most presidential candidates also have senatorial slates. This results in an election where voters can choose between two major political forces.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Electoral system
Winning candidates are proclaimed by the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) sitting as the National Board of Canvassers. Candidates are proclaimed senators-elect if the thirteenth place candidate no longer has a mathematical chance of surpassing that candidate. Post-proclamation disputes are handled by the Senate Electoral Tribunal, a body composed of six senators and three justices from the Supreme Court.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Electoral system, Thirteenth Senate seat
On December 12, 2011, incumbent Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago was elected as a Judge of the International Criminal Court. As a result, she was expected to vacate her Senate seat after the impeachment trial of Chief Justice Renato Corona, which ended on May 29, 2012, a year before the 2013 election.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Electoral system, Thirteenth Senate seat
Once Santiago vacates her Senate seat, an additional senator would be elected in the upcoming election to serve the remaining three years of her unexpired term. However, the likelihood of a thirteenth Senator being elected became low though since Santiago has already stated that she will not quit her seat.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Coalitions, 2010 election
As the 2010 Senate election was held concurrently with the presidential election, most of the presidential candidates also put up their respective senatorial slates. These slates shared several candidates, although most of the shared candidates only campaigned with one slate. The presidential election was won by the Liberal Party's Benigno Aquino III, defeating Joseph Estrada of the Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (Force of the Filipino Masses; PMP); the vice presidential election was won by Estrada's running mate, Jejomar Binay of the Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan (Philippine Democratic Party-People Power; PDP-Laban).


2013 Philippine Senate election, Coalitions, 2010 election
The Senate election resulted in a chamber where no party had more than four seats. Outgoing Senate President Juan Ponce Enrile of the PMP emerged as a compromise candidate in the election for Senate President when the Liberal Party's candidate, Franklin Drilon, could not muster majority of the votes in the Senate against defeated presidential candidate Manuel Villar of the Nacionalista Party. In the Senate Presidential election, Enrile defeated Alan Peter Cayetano of the Nacionalistas. Aside from Cayetano and Enrile voting for each other, only Cayetano's sister Pia and Joker Arroyo voted against Enrile; the three then constituted the Senate's minority bloc. Thus, most of the competing political forces in the 2010 election were united within the Senate for most of the 15th Congress.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Coalitions, United Nationalist Alliance
The PMP and the PDP-Laban signed a coalition agreement on April 4, 2012 for the 2013 elections, forming the United Nationalist Alliance (UNA). The two parties were formerly partners in the United Opposition in the 2007 election, and Estrada and Binay were running mates during the 2010 presidential election. Koko Pimentel, PDP-Laban president, has stated that the UNA's senatorial slate is now more than twelve members and is in the process of trimming down; he had also expressed reservations on the inclusion of Juan Miguel Zubiri, of whom he had won an election protest after the 2007 election.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Coalitions, United Nationalist Alliance
On May 3, 2012, Zubiri took an oath to become a member of the PMP; Estrada and Binay were optimistic that Pimentel and Zubiri will be able to reconcile their differences prior to the start of the campaign.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Coalitions, United Nationalist Alliance
On May 10, 2012, UNA announced its first five senatorial candidates: incumbent senators Koko Pimentel and Gregorio Honasan, Cagayan Representative Jack Enrile, San Juan Representative JV Ejercito, and 2010 senatorial candidate Joey de Venecia. On June 11, 2012, UNA formally included Zubiri in its line-up, together with Cebu Governor Gwendolyn Garcia and Zambales Representative Mitos Magsaysay.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Coalitions, United Nationalist Alliance
On June 28, 2012, Pimentel officially declined his spot in the UNA line-up, citing Zubiri's continued inclusion in it. A week later, the commission accredited UNA as a political coalition, although it may face opposition from the use of the "UNA" acronym from the United Negros Alliance, a local political party from Negros Occidental.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Coalitions, United Nationalist Alliance
The UNA announced in August that former senators Richard J. Gordon and Ernesto Maceda were a part of their ticket, and that Senator Loren Legarda would be one of the last three candidates yet to be named in their ticket. UNA spokesperson JV Bautista also said that Pimentel had taken a leave of absence as PDP-Laban's presidency, and that PDP-Laban would not issue Pimentel's certificate of nomination as the latter is running under the Liberal Party. However, Pimentel denied that he took a leave of absence from the PDP-Laban presidency.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Coalitions, United Nationalist Alliance
On the first day of filing of certificates of candidacies, senatorial nominees of UNA filed theirs at the Commission on Elections national offices at Intramuros. Joey de Venecia withdrew from the election as he cited his business endeavors as reasons for his withdrawal; speculation was rife when Lorenzo Tañada III was one of the persons considered to fill in de Venecia's slot in the ticket, but Binay disclosed that Tañada was not in their choices "any more." On October 4, UNA announced that Binay's daughter Nancy was their 12th nominee.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Coalitions, United Nationalist Alliance
After perennial non-attendance of the three common candidates shared with Team PNoy, UNA announced on February 21 that they dropped the three from their ticket. UNA secretary-general Toby Tiangco cited Team PNoy's campaign manager Franklin Drilon's refusal to allow the three to participate in their campaign.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Coalitions, Team PNoy
The Liberal Party was open on creating coalitions or alliances with other parties for the 2013 election, as long as the politicians have the same principles as them. Secretary of Budget and Management Florencio Abad said on April 7, 2012 that it was too early to make conclusions.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Coalitions, Team PNoy
Two days later, the Liberals revealed 14 names of possible candidates on their ticket; these include candidates that were being considered on the UNA ticket. This meant there may be common names on both tickets.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Coalitions, Team PNoy
In April 2012, the Nacionalista Party was choosing between UNA and the LP tickets, with party secretary-general Alan Peter Cayetano saying that it was too early to decide on such matters. The verdict in the impeachment of Renato Corona would affect their decision.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Coalitions, Team PNoy
On May 17, 2012, Aquino revealed the party's four sure senatorial bets: Aurora Rep. Sonny Angara, TESDA Chairman Joel Villanueva, and 2010 senatorial candidates Risa Hontiveros and Ruffy Biazon. All four, however, are still considering their options to run for Senator. On June 28, 2012, party vice chairman Senator Franklin Drilon announced the candidacy of former Senator Ramon Magsaysay Jr.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Coalitions, Team PNoy
Senator Francis Escudero, who formerly campaigned for the Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC)'s presidential nomination in 2010 before resigning from the party and withdrawing from the race abruptly, said he believed that the NPC and the Liberals "are in coalition with one another."


2013 Philippine Senate election, Coalitions, Team PNoy
It was announced on July 5, 2012, that the ruling Liberal Party (LP), Nationalist People’s Coalition (NPC) and Nacionalista Party (NP) would most likely field a common senatorial ticket in the May 2013 elections. A meeting between Aquino and Villar agreed to coalesce for the 2013 elections, and details, such as local candidates, will be dealt upon on further meetings. Senator and Liberal Party vice chairman Franklin Drilon cautioned though that the agreement was "not yet sealed" as the distribution of slots in the ticket will also be a factor. The Nacionalistas had already endorsed four candidates in Senators Antonio Trillanes and Alan Peter Cayetano, and Representatives Robert Ace Barbers and Cynthia Villar.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Coalitions, Team PNoy
However, NPC official and senator Tito Sotto on September said that the three-party coalition might not be pursued as the determination of candidates at the local level remain as stumbling blocks in the formation of the coalition; NPC has more local officials than the Liberals and Nacionalistas. Meanwhile, Representative Mark Villar of the Nacionalistas said that they will stay put with their coalition agreement with Liberals, and that most issues have already been resolved.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Coalitions, Team PNoy
Bam Aquino, the president's cousin, and former senator Jamby Madrigal, one of the defeated presidential candidates in 2010, were sworn in as Liberal Party members. On October 1, the president announced the administration coalition's nominees in a speech at Club Filipino. The ruling coalition, aside from the Liberals, Nacionalistas and the NPC, included the Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (LDP) and Akbayan.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Coalitions, Team PNoy
The three candidates common with both coalitions, namely Francis Escudero, Grace Poe and Loren Legarda went with the ruling party's proclamation rally. The three candidates were given instructions by the party leaders not to appear in the sorties of the rival coalition.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Coalitions, Team PNoy
Abaya also announced that Senator Franklin Drilon will serve as their campaign manager. However, Loren Legarda, when asked with whom she will campaign with, said "I will campaign with the Filipino people."


2013 Philippine Senate election, Coalitions, Makabayan coalition
In June 2012, Bayan Muna (Nation First) Representative Teodoro Casiño announced his senatorial candidacy, and stated that his progressive Makabayang Koalisyon ng Mamamayan (Patriotic Coalition of the People) was "in touch" with the leaders of the United Nationalist Alliance to join their slate, and that joining the Liberal-led ticket would be difficult as he has significant political differences with President Aquino. He was also amenable on rejoining the Nacionalista Party ticket which included candidates from the Makabayan coalition in the 2010 election, or running on his own. UNA spokesperson Toby Tiangco said that he was unaware of any talks between UNA and Makabayan. However, on September, Casiño announced that he not joining either ticket, saying that the coalition reached a consensus on the matter to prevent him from being beholden from other politicians.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Coalitions, Makabayan coalition
On November 8, Makabayan announced the adoption of five guest candidates: Loren Legarda, Francis Escudero, Koko Pimentel, Cynthia Villar and Grace Poe. The six candidates of Makabayan would pursue a progressive agenda. On April 28, 2013, Makabayan further adopted the candidacies of Alan Peter Cayetano and Jamby Madrigal to add to their progressive senatorial slate. A week later, Ramon Magsaysay Jr. received Makabayan's endorsement on May 5.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Coalitions, Other coalitions, parties and independents
The other parties' tickets which were allowed by the commission to run were Ang Kapatiran, the Bangon Pilipinas Party, the Democratic Party of the Philippines, the Social Justice Society and several independents. Independents Edward Hagedorn and Ramon Montaño and Ang Kapatiran candidates and were included in the first batch of approved candidacies, while the candidates of the Democratic Party, of the Social Justice Society, and independent Ricardo Penson were approved on the second batch.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Coalitions, Other coalitions, parties and independents
The Centrist Democratic Party of the Philippines, headed by Cagayan de Oro representative Rufus Rodriguez did not name candidates for the election; they instead endorsed Francis Escudero, Koko Pimentel and Bam Aquino, all candidates of Team PNoy.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Coalitions, Other coalitions, parties and independents
The People's Champ Movement, headed by Sarangani representative and Filipino boxing athlete Manny Pacquiao endorsed the entire United Nationalist Alliance ticket and endorsed the candidacies of Bangon Pilipinas Party senatorial candidate Eddie Villanueva and Team PNoy senatorial candidate Bam Aquino for the general election.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Coalitions, Other coalitions, parties and independents
Lakas–CMD, the former ruling party which did not named candidates under their banner, endorsed the candidacies of Nancy Binay and Richard J. Gordon of UNA, Eddie Villanueva of Bangon Pilipinas, and Cynthia Villar from Team PNoy, representative from Leyte Ferdinand Martin Romualdez announced on mid-April. This completed the list which earlier included JV Ejercito, Jack Enrile, Gregorio Honasan and Mitos Magsaysay from UNA, and Sonny Angara and Grace Poe from Team PNoy. Since there are only ten names, the party instructed local officials to endorse two from Tingting Cojuangco, Ernesto Maceda and Juan Miguel Zubiri of UNA, and Loren Legarda from Team PNoy, to complete their preferred 12-candidate slate.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Term-limited incumbents
The following are barred from running since they are on their second consecutive six-year term:


2013 Philippine Senate election, Term-limited incumbents
Only one of the term-limited incumbents who were supposed to be appointed to the Cabinet were given government posts as of January 2014. Panfilo Lacson was appointed in December 2013 as the "rehabilitation czar" to coordinate reconstruction efforts after the devastation of Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda). In May 2014, Francis Pangilinan was named Presidential Assistant for Food Security and Agricultural Modernization.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Candidates
After the period of registering for candidacy has lapsed, the Commission on Elections approved on October 12 the candidacies of 27 people without benefit of a hearing. Most of these come from the Ang Kapatiran, the Liberal Party-led coalition, and the United Nationalist Alliance. On October 26, the commission added five more nominees to the list, mostly from the Democratic Party of the Philippines and the Social Justice Society. Chairman Sixto Brillantes said that the list would not be added with any more names and that it would be final.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Candidates
However, Brillantes announced on December 4 that the candidacy of Israel Virgines of the Bangon Pilipinas Party has been accepted. He submitted his candidacy past the 5:00 p.m. deadline on October 5 due to traffic and was originally disallowed from running but was reconsidered by the commission as he had previously run in the previous Senate elections.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Candidates
The lists below reflect UNA's removal of their three guest candidates from their slate effective February 21.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Opinion polls
Opinion polling (locally known as "surveys") is carried out by two major polling firms: Social Weather Stations (SWS), and Pulse Asia, with a handful of minor polling firms. A typical poll asks a voter to name up to twelve persons one would vote for in the Senate election. Then, the results are presented with the candidates ranked in descending order of voting preferences. From these, one can find out which candidates may likely win, and which ticket would have the most winners.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Opinion polls
The first figure denotes the number of candidates from the party or coalition that made it to the top 12 in each survey; the figures inside the parenthesis are other candidates that made it within the margin of error of the 12th placed candidate. The figure of the party or coalition (except independents) that outright wins a majority of seats contested (7, if 12 seats are contested) is italicized, while the party or coalition that outright wins a majority of seats in the Senate (13) is boldfaced. Guest candidates are counted as if they are regular candidates of their respective slates.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Opinion polls
These are the polls administered after October 5, 2012, the deadline for the filing of certificates of candidacies. When UNA removed their three guest candidates on February 21, surveys that were conducted on or after that date would no longer include those three within UNA's statistics, while those before that date included them.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Campaign
While the candidates were legally allowed starting campaigning only on the 90th day before the election (February 12, 2013 for this election), the Supreme Court ruled in Lanot vs. COMELEC that the ban premature campaigning is unconstitutional as it infringes on a candidate's freedom of expression. This has led to some candidates to campaign even before the start of the campaign period.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Campaign, Before the campaign period
Even before the start of the campaign period, candidates had begun releasing infomercials without explicitly stating that voters should vote for them; instead these were called "advocacy ads". The United Nationalist Alliance (UNA) is the first among the coalitions to air TV advertisements for their entire senatorial slate when ABS-CBN and GMA aired one of their advertisements on January 7, 2012. UNA's TV commercial featured minimal exposure to the candidates they share with the Liberal Party (LP)-led coalition, only showing them on the last frame. UNA also started having provincial sorties the next day, on January 8.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Campaign, Before the campaign period
President Aquino, in a provincial sortie in Mandaue, criticized UNA's early campaigning, saying that UNA "have to prove more than our own candidates." UNA secretary-general Toby Tiangco answered that the Liberals have been airing political ads and holding provincial sorties way before UNA did, pointing out that Aquino's criticism was done at the LP's own provincial sortie. Tiangco also said the UNA candidates were faring better against the LP's. On mid-January, LP officials started working on their coalition's TV advertisement, and were looking for ways to include Aquino in the ad.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Campaign, Before the campaign period
On January 21, Secretary of Transportation of Communications Joseph Emilio Abaya said in a press conference at Malacañang Palace that Aquino himself reminded candidates from their coalition about campaign guidelines on appearing with UNA rallies. Abaya said a falling out with Aquino may be a bad enough penalty for candidates who will join UNA's rallies. Former president Joseph Estrada decried arrangement, saying that it is a virtual "ban" on common candidates. He further said that the ruling coalition is running scared, saying that "They know that the results of the 2013 elections would reflect their chances in 2016."


2013 Philippine Senate election, Campaign, Before the campaign period
Representative Ben Evardone has challenged the UNA to clarify if they are "fully supportive of President Aquino or has taken the role of the so-called united opposition that stands in the way of his daang matuwid (straight path) reform agenda". Tiangco left it to the three common candidates on joining UNA sorties despite the consequences that will be imposed by the LP.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Campaign, Before the campaign period
The commission apologized to Teodoro Casiño when the final draft of the ballot listed him as an "independent" when he is nominated by Makabayan. Chairman Sixto Brillantes expressed regret as the commission may not have the time to edit the ballot before they are printed, and noted that the counting of his votes would not be affected. Casiño said that the error is unacceptable, and that there should not be mistakes in the practice of electoral rights.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Campaign, Before the campaign period
The Liberal-led coalition renamed itself as "Team Pinoy", a play on words on "pinoy", an informal term used to denote the Filipino people (compare to "canuck"), and "PNoy", the administration's preferred reference to President Aquino, who has a "Noynoy" nickname. Angara said that "we decided to use ‘Pinoy’ to send the message that this campaign is for all Filipinos." The coalition released its first TV advertisement the next day, with the "Team PNoy" spelling. Unlike UNA's advertisement, Team PNoy's advertisement included the three common candidates.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Campaign, Before the campaign period
Team PNoy expects the three common candidates to go to their campaign launch Manila's Plaza Miranda, the site of the Plaza Miranda bombing during the 1971 election, at the first day of the campaign period. Vice President Jejomar Binay personally picked Cebu City as the site of their campaign launch, to support suspended governor Gwendolyn Garcia. Loren Legarda had said that she will be not attending either rally, as she will celebrate the 80th birthday of her father with him.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Campaign, Rest of February
Team PNoy held their proclamation at Plaza Miranda in Quiapo, Manila. President Aquino presented all of the coalition's candidates, including the three common candidates with UNA. Meanwhile, the UNA proclamation rally proceeded at Plaza Independencia in Cebu City despite light rains. Vice President Binay, Senate President Enrile and former president Estrada presented the nine candidates in Cebu, the province with the highest number of registered voters in the country.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Campaign, Rest of February
Meanwhile, Bangon Pilipinas candidate Eddie Villanueva opened his campaign at Malolos, Bulacan, while independent candidate Edward Hagedorn started his campaign with a press conference surrounded by Miss Earth candidates to emphasize his pro-environment agenda, which followed with a motorcade that ended at the Santo Niño Parish Church at Tondo, Manila. Makabayan candidate Teodoro Casiño had a fun run that ended at the Senate building at Pasay to kick off his campaign. Samson Alcantara of the Social Justice Society opened his campaign outside his office at the corner of Taft Avenue and Padre Faura Street in Manila.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Campaign, Rest of February
UNA threatened to drop Francis Escudero from their senatorial slate after he did not send a representative to UNA's proclamation rally, unlike fellow guest candidates Loren Legarda and Grace Poe. Escudero ignored the threat from UNA, maintaining that he would not be dictated by any party on the campaign, as he is running as an independent. The three were subsequently removed from the UNA senatorial line up on February 21, although President Estrada would still campaign for Poe in a personal capacity.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Campaign, Rest of February
On February 19, the commission investigated the campaign of Jamby Madrigal after she was charged with illegal campaigning for holding an online raffle for an iPad. Madrigal admitted the charge but said that her volunteers, who were mostly from the youth sector, were the ones behind the raffle and that she had no prior knowledge regarding it.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Campaign, Rest of February
The following day, when Team PNoy campaigned in Bacolod, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bacolod placed a tarpaulin in front of the San Sebastian Cathedral that urged people not to vote for candidates who supported the passage of the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012, who they labeled as "Team Patay" (Team Death): Risa Hontiveros, Loren Legarda, Sonny Angara, Alan Peter Cayetano and Chiz Escudero of Team PNoy, Jack Enrile of UNA and Teddy Casiño of Makabayan, while encouraging to vote for "Team Buhay" (Team Life): Cynthia Villar, Sonny Trillanes and Koko Pimentel of Team PNoy, and Gringo Honasan, JV Ejercito and Mitos Magsaysay of UNA. The commission ordered that the poster be taken down for being oversized. Bishop Vicente Navara said the diocese will just replace it with a poster that follows the commission's rules. The diocese cut the tarpaulin in half, but the commission would still press charges as it is still illegal.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Campaign, Rest of February
More than two weeks after her aborted campaign raffle, Jamby Madrigal went to the commission's main office in Intramuros to explain her side on the alleged illegal campaign violation for the aborted iPad raffle. Madrigal personally apologized for the raffle and asked the commission to examine the social circumstances of similar raffles occurring on social medial websites; Chairman Brillantes answered that the campaign activities on social networks are covered by the Omnibus Election Code.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Campaign, March
The erstwhile two-week standoff in Lahad Datu, Sabah between supporters of the Sultan of Sulu Jamalul Kiram III and the Malaysian authorities erupted in a gunfight that caused 14 deaths on March 1. President Aquino was in a campaign sortie with his ticket on San Fernando, Pampanga when the gunfight erupted, and he had to delay his appearance on the stage as he was monitoring the situation. In an interview at DZMM radio station, Secretary of Interior and Local Government Mar Roxas reiterated the government's position that the Sulu Sultanate supporters to leave Sabah, noting that the followers of Kiram were "hard-headed".


2013 Philippine Senate election, Campaign, March
Team PNoy candidates defended the government's actions, faulting that the Kirams for what has transpired, and said that they should have followed the president and have withdrawn from Sabah to prevent bloodshed. Ramon Magsaysay Jr. said that "If there is a firefight that is Mr. Kiram's problem. They should've withdrawn," while Koko Pimentel said that while it is the government's duty "is to protest the abuse of its nationals, But a leader [Aquino] should also be able to direct them to do something especially if it's for their own good." Campaign manager Franklin Drilon later stated that Team PNoy would take a common stand on the conflict, and will support the president.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Campaign, March
The candidates of UNA, on the other hand, criticized the government's actions. In a political rally at Cagayan de Oro, Richard Gordon labeled the response as "severely woeful, anti-Filipino, and subservient to Malaysia." Campaign manager Toby Tiangco decried Roxas' "hard-headed" remarks as "arrogant." Gregorio Honasan said "they were being confronted with possible case, possible charges once they get back home. So, it’s mixed signals. I’m sure that was not what the President meant."


2013 Philippine Senate election, Campaign, March
Meanwhile, the Supreme Court issued a temporary restraining order to prevent the commission from enforcing its order in taking down the oversized poster in the Bacolod cathedral. In a surprise move, the Supreme Court stopped the implementation of the controversial Reproductive Health Law by issuing a status quo ante order for 120 days. The court will further determine the constitutionality of the law. The Catholic Church and several pro-life support groups praised the decision as a "temporary victory". Several members of the clergy have urged to backing of anti-RH legislators in the midterm polls.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Campaign, April
The International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) through its Philippine co-partnered media group, the Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism (PCIJ) released details of offshore accounts listed under Senator Manny Villar and UNA senatorial candidate JV Ejercito based in the British Virgin Islands, a known tax haven. Villar later stated, that he owned the BVI-listed, Awesome Dragon Holdings Limited which was incorporated in 2007. Villar, the husband of Team PNoy senatorial candidate Cynthia Villar further pointed out that, "a ready corporate vehicle for any strategic multinational business opportunity that may become available.”


2013 Philippine Senate election, Campaign, April
He denied however that the company was used as a business front to avoid paying proper taxation as that company had an authorized capital of $1 and he listed this in his annual Statement of Assets, Liabilities and Net worth (SALN). Ejercito, meanwhile slammed the ICIJ report linking him to a BVI-listed company, Ice Bell Properties Limited, incorporated in 1999. Ejercito question the release of the report but did not confirm or deny the said BVI-listed company.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Campaign, April
He stated in a written reply, "highly suspicious considering the ongoing electoral campaign of which I am one of the leading contenders among the UNA senatorial candidates. I have held high respect to (sic) the PCIJ as an institution. I hope that you will not allow yourself to fall in (sic) the manipulative efforts of desperate people in (sic) dirty politics.”


2013 Philippine Senate election, Campaign, April
In the final weeks of the month, advocates and dissenters of the reproductive health law endorsed two sets of candidates for the Senate. The White Vote movement led by El Shaddai leader Mike Velarde and 40 Catholic lay organizations endorsed six UNA senatorial candidates Richard Gordon, Nancy Binay, Juan Miguel Zubiri, Gregorio Honasan, Mitos Magsaysay and JV Ejercito and three Team PNoy senatorial candidates, Aquilino Pimentel III, Antonio Trillanes IV and Cynthia Villar.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Campaign, April
The Purple Vote movement composed of advocates for the reproductive health law endorsed seven Team PNoy senatorial candidates: Sonny Angara, Bam Aquino, Alan Peter Cayetano, Chiz Escudero, Risa Hontiveros, Loren Legarda, and Grace Poe. Former Health Secretary and lead convener of the Purple Vote movement Esperanza Cabral stated that although the main basis of their endorsement was on the passage of the RH law, the endorsed candidates consistently support other progressive measures including the sin tax reform law and the freedom of information bill and are known for their integrity. Noticeable in the endorsement is the non-appearance of UNA senatorial candidate Jack Enrile and Makabayan senatorial candidate Teodoro Casiño both of whom were blacklisted under the Team Patay poster by the Bacolod cathedral.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Campaign, April
Security during the electoral campaign was heightened on both sides after members of the communist rebels of the New People’s Army ambushed the convoy of Gingoog Mayor Ruthie Guingona, wife of former Vice President Teofisto Guingona, Jr., leaving the convoy driver and his brother dead. National condemnation of the ambush came from both sides of the political spectrum. Deputy Presidential Spokesperson Abigail Valte, Team PNoy campaign manager Franklin Drilon, and UNA campaign manager Toby Tiangco condemned the attack on Guingona.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Campaign, May
Loren Legarda was accused by self-styled public interest advocate Louis Biraogo of allegedly failing to declare her possession of a condominium unit at Park Avenue, New York City for four years until 2011. In addition, Biraogo accused the senator of trying to hide her alleged properties at Forbes Park, Makati. Biraogo detailed that Legarda paid US$700,000 (or 36 million pesos in 2006 exchange rates) for the Park Avenue property, and that she did not include the property as real property assets in her statements of assets, liabilities and net worth (SALN) from 2006 to 2010.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Campaign, May
The next day, Legarda called a press conference to deny that she failed to declare the Park Avenue property, presenting a document signed by her lawyers saying that the property has been included in the SALN since 2007. Legarda added that she purchased the property while she was married to former Batangas governor Antonio Leviste. Legarda spent the greater part of press conference accusing of a certain "Willie F.", sending journalists "column feeds" related to the Park Avenue property.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Campaign, May
When pressed by journalists on who is Willie F.'s client, Legarda only hinted that the client was a male reelectionist senator, nicknamed "Boy Kuryente" (literally "bum steer") who was behind the rumors of President Aquino's mental health during the 2010 presidential campaign. President Aquino has spoken to Legarda and Francis Escudero, while Mar Roxas has spoken to Alan Peter Cayetano, allegedly the one behind the campaign against Legarda, to set aside their differences.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Campaign, May
Several religious groups have released their endorsements in the Senate election. These religious groups command a voting bloc, and is crucial in close races. The Iglesia ni Cristo reportedly endorsed seven Team PNoy candidates and five from UNA, while the Kingdom of Jesus Christ endorsed six Team PNoy candidates, five from UNA and independent candidate Edward Hagedorn. The Iglesia ni Cristo reportedly commands five to eight million voters nationwide.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Issues
Republic Act No. 10351 (commonly known as the Sin Tax Reform Law) was approved by President Benigno Aquino III on December 19, 2012.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Results, Per candidate, Unofficial tallies
Television networks, election watchdogs, and other bodies may provide their own tallies from their copies of election returns. These are unofficial.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Results, Per candidate, Unofficial tallies
These are from the tabulated election returns; in theory, the results here and the official one above, which is tabulated from the certificates of canvass, should be identical, once all of the votes are accounted for.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Results, Per candidate, Unofficial tallies
The results from the COMELEC's "Transparency" server and the tally done by the Parish Pastoral Council for Responsible Voting are currently identical.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Aftermath
The Commission on Elections allowed the media and other groups to use a server (the "Transparency" server) that would have tallied results directly from election returns; these were the first numbers that the media disseminated as the commission has yet to canvass results from the certificates of canvass, which came from the "MBOC" (Municipal Board of Canvassers) server, which is then transmitted to the provincial canvassers, than finally to the Commission on Elections en banc, which sits as the National Board of Canvassers (NBOC).


2013 Philippine Senate election, Aftermath
The commission en banc convened as the NBOC on Monday, May 13 at a tent at the Philippine International Convention Center grounds. After initializing the Consolidated Canvassing System (CCS) on election night (Monday), the NBOC adjourned for morning the next day. Chairman Sixto Brillantes said that the NBOC is expected to proclaim the 12 winning senators on Wednesday night.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Aftermath
However, on Wednesday morning, Brillantes said the intermittent telecommunication signals in several towns slowed down the pace of the collection of the results. He then said that the plan of proclaiming all 12 senators on Wednesday night would be adjusted to only six winners. On Wednesday afternoon, the commission canceled the proclamation of any winning senator, with Brillantes saying that "We are still analyzing what is happening on the field," adding that the proclamation would be held "most probably tomorrow."


2013 Philippine Senate election, Aftermath
On Thursday, Brillantes said that the commission en banc will decide on a motion by UNA deferring the proclamation; if the commission denies UNA's motion, a proclamation of "five to six" winners will proceed by Thursday night. That night, the commission en banc sitting as the NBOC rejected UNA's motion to defer the partial proclamation, leading the way for the proclamation of the first six candidates leading in their official tally: Grace Poe, Loren Legarda, Francis Escudero, Alan Peter Cayetano, Nancy Binay and Sonny Angara. Binay refused to appear at the proclamation after the UNA motion was rejected. The NBOC based their proclamation on the 22% of the certificates of canvass, or about 13 million votes.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Aftermath
The NBOC proclaimed three more senators on Friday evening, basing it on 109 out of 304 certificates of canvass: Bam Aquino, Koko Pimentel and Antonio Trillanes. Only Aquino was present at the proclamation. Trillanes was out of town, and Brilantes said that Pimentel was ill. Pimentel opposed the proclamation, calling it "premature" and "wrong"; Pimentel explained that the winning candidates should only be proclaimed if the votes not yet canvassed would no longer theoretically affect the results. Trillanes would have gone to the proclamation if he was not out of town, and while he said that he respected Pimentel's decision, he said that it was an argument "about formalities". Due to stringent criticism, Brillantes threatened to resign if the first six senators proclaimed would eventually lose.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Aftermath
The NBOC proclaimed the final three senators on Saturday night: Cynthia Villar, JV Ejercito and Gregorio Honasan, after only the overseas absentee ballots remained to be canvassed. Honasan's 705,000-vote lead against 13th-place Richard J. Gordon was deemed to be statistically impossible to be overtaken with only about 350,000 votes left to be counted.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Aftermath
On June 6, the commission released the final tally for the Senate election after the remaining uncounted votes can no longer affect the ranking of each candidate. Poe broke the record of Bong Revilla in 2010 for the most votes received in any election in the Philippines, by winning more than 20 million votes.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Reactions
Grace Poe being finishing first in the unofficial counts ahead of longtime frontrunners Loren Legarda, Francis Escudero and Alan Peter Cayetano was seen as a surprise; Poe herself said that "I am surprised. I didn’t know this would happen." Poe credited her mother Susan Roces, Escudero (former spokesman of Fernando Poe, Jr. during his 2004 presidential campaign), President Benigno Aquino III, Mar Roxas and former president Joseph Estrada. Pollsters such as Social Weather Stations (SWS) and Pulse Asia acknowledged that they did not foresee Poe's number one finish.


2013 Philippine Senate election, Reactions
Pulse Asia fellow Ana Maria Tabunda further stated that while they missed the order of the twelve winning candidates, they managed to predict all 12 who appeared to be winning; meanwhile, SWS president Mahar Mangahas said that "It was enough for us to have accurately predicted the 9-3 results even if we did not get their exact rankings."


2013 Philippine Senate election, Reactions
Nancy Binay's victory, which came despite the enormous social media bashing such as the "Anyare?" (What happened) meme pointing out Binay being a neophyte against Risa Hontiveros' accomplishments while in the lower house, Binay's refusal to participate in debates, and a satirical article stating that Binay sought a "temporary protection order" from the courts to prevent her from engaging in a debate, according to Tony La Viña, dean of the Ateneo School of Government, may have been attributed to the voters seeing Binay as an "underdog" to Hontiveros, and might have backfired against Hontiveros and helped Binay.