2012 United Kingdom local elections, England
Note the equivalent of these figures may not be commonly available for other election years. They represent the actual numbers of votes cast and should not be falsely compared to the morecommonly available figures based on the projections for the whole of Great Britain.


2012 United Kingdom local elections, England, Metropolitan boroughs
All 36 Metropolitan boroughs had one third of their seats up for election.


2012 United Kingdom local elections, England, Unitary authorities, Whole council up for election
Two unitary authorities that would usually have had a third of their seats up for election, actually had elections for all their seats because of the implementation of boundary changes.


2012 United Kingdom local elections, England, Unitary authorities, One third of council up for election
In 16 English unitary authorities, one third of the council was up for election.


2012 United Kingdom local elections, England, District councils, Whole council up for election
Four district councils that would usually have had one-third of their seats due for election, actually had full council elections as a result of the implementation of new ward boundaries.


2012 United Kingdom local elections, England, District councils, Half of council up for election
7 district councils had half of their seats up for election.


2012 United Kingdom local elections, England, District councils, One third of council up for election
In 63 district authorities, one third of the seats were up for election.


2012 United Kingdom local elections, England, Mayoral referendums
Referendums were also held in 11 English cities to determine whether or not to introduce the position of a directly elected mayor. These polls took place in Birmingham, Bradford, Bristol, Coventry, Leeds, Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne, Nottingham, Sheffield and Wakefield. Of these 11 cities, only Bristol chose direct election (rather than council appointment) of a mayor. In addition, the citizens of Doncaster voted on the same day to continue electing their mayors directly.


2012 United Kingdom local elections, Scotland
All council seats were up for election in the 32 Scottish authorities.


2012 United Kingdom local elections, Wales
In 21 out of 22 Welsh authorities, the whole council was up for election. On 17 January 2012, the Welsh Government announced that elections for Anglesey council have been postponed to May 2013.


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference
The 2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference was the 18th yearly session of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the 8th session of the Meeting of the Parties (CMP) to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol (the protocol having been developed under the UNFCCC's charter). The conference took place from Monday 26 November to Saturday 8 December 2012, at the Qatar National Convention Centre in Doha.


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference
The conference reached an agreement to extend the life of the Kyoto Protocol, which had been due to expire at the end of 2012, until 2020, and to reify the 2011 Durban Platform, meaning that a successor to the Protocol is set to be developed by 2015 and implemented by 2020. Wording adopted by the conference incorporated for the first time the concept of "loss and damage", an agreement in principle that richer nations could be financially responsible to other nations for their failure to reduce carbon emissions.


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Background
The United Nations Climate Change Conferences are annual multi-lateral meetings of governments held in different locations around the world under the sponsorship of the United Nations that serve as a forum for countries to discuss climate change matters. The conferences seek to address the threat of global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions like carbon dioxide. Between 2000 and 2011 carbon dioxide growth in the atmosphere was 20% of the total concentration growth since prehistoric level (391,57 ppm in 2011 and 369,52 ppm in 2000) The concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere has reached 391 ppm (parts per million) as of October 2012 versus the pre-industrial concentration was 280 ppm which the consensus of world climate scientists agree is unsustainable.


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Background
The conferences are attended by dignitaries and sometimes heads of state from most countries and generally draw significant activity by various environmental advocacy groups. Consequently, the conferences are generally well covered by the world media agencies. The 2012 conference is held at the Qatar National Convention Centre in Doha, and with a projected attendance of 17,000 participants it is expected to be the largest conference to have ever been held in Qatar. The conference is casually called the COP18/CMP 8 conference but these are technically different but closely related and sometimes integrated conferences. In 2012, the UNFCCC conference serves as an umbrella for seven concurrent and interrelated meeting groups collectively called the Doha 2012 UNFCCC conference. The main conference is also preceded by several topical pre-sessions.


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Concurrent conferences under the umbrella of the 2012 UNFCCC conference
The Doha 2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference is an agglomeration of multiple related conferences being conducted roughly in parallel and in a semi-integrated fashion over the two weeks that the conference is in session:


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Conference structure
The conference is generally a two-week conference consisting of the following activities:


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Conference structure
The conference will sometimes see late night (or all night) working sessions when diplomats cannot agree to the terms and conditions of agreements and sometimes staged walk-outs by some parties is not uncommon. The last several conferences of this type have suffered from impasses in the first week and a half of talks, followed by a series of rounds of very late night discussions, sometimes followed by an extension of the conference which finally yields a modest progress agreement.


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Conference structure
External to the conference, the conference generally attracts well organized protests, rallies and demonstrations by various environmental groups urging the participants to reach agreement on the topic of climate change policy. In recent conferences, some activist groups have given daily informal awards to countries that they see as advancing or detracting from their particular ideological position.


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Conference outcomes
The Conference produced a package of documents collectively titled The Doha Climate Gateway over objections from Russia and other countries at the session. The documents collectively contained:


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Conference outcomes
Russia, Belarus and Ukraine objected at the end of the session, as they have a right to under the session's rules. In closing the conference, the President said that he would note these objections in his final report.


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Reaction to the conference outcomes
Reaction to the conference outcomes was characterized as "modest, at best" by NPR. Kieren Keke, Foreign Minister of Nauru and the representative of the Alliance of Small Island States at the conference, was quoted by the BBC as saying,


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Reaction to the conference outcomes
"We see the package before us as deeply deficient in mitigation (carbon cuts) and finance. It's likely to lock us on the trajectory to a 3, 4, 5 °C rise in global temperatures, even though we agreed to keep the global average temperature rise of 1.5 °C to ensure survival of all islands,"


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Reaction to the conference outcomes
Others like Martin Khor of the South Center, an association of developing nations saw a more positive outcome, specifically regarding the Loss and Damage Mechanism:


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Reaction to the conference outcomes
"It is a breakthrough... The term Loss and Damage is in the text — this is a huge step in principle. Next comes the fight for cash."


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Reaction to the conference outcomes
Jennifer Morgan of the World Resources Institute told NPR about the Loss and Damage Mechanism that:


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Reaction to the conference outcomes
"This basically would set up a liability structure about who is liable for climate change... And while I think that's a very important question for people to answer, I don't think the world is ready for that yet."


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Reaction to the conference outcomes
Regarding the path to the $100 billion in Green Climate Fund financing, Jennifer Morgan told NPR the following:


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Reaction to the conference outcomes
"there's no bridge, no pathway between now and the $100 billion number...so one of the real crunch issues here, which I think will determine whether we will get out of the building with an agreement or not, is whether developed countries are ready to at least say that they're going to match what they've been providing thus far."


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Criticisms of the conference and UNFCCC Process
The overall umbrella and processes of the UNFCCC and the adopted Kyoto Protocol have been criticized by some as not having achieved its stated goals of reducing the emission of carbon dioxide (the primary culprit blamed for rising global temperatures of the 21st century). At a speech given at his alma mater, Todd Stern — the US Climate Change envoy — has expressed the challenges with the UNFCCC process as follows, "Climate change is not a conventional environmental issue... It implicates virtually every aspect of a state's economy, so it makes countries nervous about growth and development.


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Criticisms of the conference and UNFCCC Process
This is an economic issue every bit as it is an environmental one." He went on to explain that, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is a multilateral body concerned with climate change and can be an inefficient system for enacting international policy. Because the framework system includes over 190 countries and because negotiations are governed by consensus, small groups of countries can often block progress.


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Participant statements and conference activity, Statement by UN climate chief Christiana Figueres
Governments will decide how and timetable to reach an effective universal climate agreement adopted in 2015 and to enter into force from 2020. Christiana Figueres, the UNFCCC executive secretary: "The necessary technology and policy tools are available to governments and societies, but time is very short — only 36 months to reach a universal agreement before 2015. What we now need is to urgently implement the decisions that have been taken at the inter-governmental level and to further strengthen actions already under way," she said.


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Participant statements and conference activity, Statement by New Zealand Prime Minister John Key
The New Zealand government said it would not be signing up to a second commitment to the Kyoto Protocol, a decision criticised by the World Wildlife Fund. Prime Minister John Key said New Zealand would not lead the way on climate change, instead opting to be a "fast follower".


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Participant statements and conference activity, Statement by Philippine Envoy Naderev Sano
The Philippine Government called for urgent action to halt climate change, emphasizing their recent experience with a deadly typhoon and believing that countries may face more extreme weather disturbances frequently if climate change is left unchecked. "As we vacillate and procrastinate here, we are suffering. There is massive and widespread devastation back home. Heartbreaking tragedies like this are not unique to the Philippines." said Philippine envoy Naderev Sano, who is a member of the Philippines' Climate Change Commission.


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Participant statements and conference activity, Statement by Japanese Masahiko Horie
"Only developed countries are legally bound by the Kyoto protocol and their emissions are only 26% [of global emissions]. If we continue the same, only one quarter of the world is legally bound and three-quarters of countries are not bound at all."


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Participant statements and conference activity, United Nations and UNEP: methane thawing from permafrost
The United Nations gave a strong warning on the threat to the climate from methane in the thawing permafrost. This has not yet been included in models of the future climate. Permafrost contain 1,700 gigatonnes of carbon – twice the amount currently in the atmosphere. When it thaws, it could push global warming past one of the key "tipping points" that scientists believe could lead to runaway climate change. UNEP called IPCC to provide governments with the most up-to-date knowledge in the next IPCC reports next year.


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Non-participant statements, World Bank
World Bank published a report in November 2012 demanding the moral responsibility to take action on behalf of future generations. 4 °C warmer world must be avoided – we need to hold warming below 2 °C. Even with the current mitigation commitments there is roughly a 20 percent likelihood of exceeding 4 °C by 2100.


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Non-participant statements, World Bank
The World Bank and the International Energy Agency warned that the world is heading for unprecedented warming – of between 4 °C and 6 °C – if trends are not reversed. That scale would result in droughts, floods, heatwaves and fiercer storms, decline agricultural productivity, bring plant and animal extinctions, and wide human migration.


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Non-participant statements, Youth
The first time in history an Arab country is hosting the U.N. conference for climate change negotiations. Youth in more than 13 Arab countries, launch the Arab Youth Climate Movement, a group established to lobby the region's governments on an ongoing basis to take action against climate change: "It's basically our role as civil society to make sure that the government is doing its best to provide us with the best quality of life and it's our right as human beings to ensure a healthy future for us and generations to come."


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Non-participant statements, Youth
The New Zealand Youth Delegation heavily criticised its own government at the start of the conference, saying New Zealand's withdrawal from a second period of commitment under the Kyoto Protocol was "embarrassing, short-sighted and irresponsible". New Zealand received two 'Fossil of the Day' awards for "actively hampering international progress".


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Non-participant statements, Friends of the Earth International
"An open letter to governments and their negotiators" posted on Friends of the Earth International's website stated, "To really address climate change UNFCCC- COP18 should decide to leave under the soil more than 2/3 of the fossil reserves."


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Non-participant statements, Greenpeace
Lauri Myllyvirta from Greenpeace Nordic states that the key reason we are heading for 4 °C of warming is coal burning. Massive expansion in the use of coal has caused more than two-thirds of the increase in global CO2 emissions in recent years. Also the World Bank made plea for governments to avoid 4 °C Warmer World. No new coal plants were constructed in Europe after 2007, but 1,200 coal plants are now being planned elsewhere: they can be stopped.


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Non-participant statements, Greenpeace
The EU spent two-thirds of its energy research funding on nuclear technologies in 2011. Some countries maintain direct subsidies to oil consumption and coal mining. Others are providing decisive economic benefits to nuclear, oil and gas installations by legislation socialising the costs of accidents and of decommissioning. According to Greenpeace removing these subsidies and imposing environmental taxes would increase the cost and price of old energy supplies, and make energy efficiency more profitable.


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Non-participant statements, Keepers of prosperity
Eren Swobodan of the German group "Keepers of prosperity - Bewahrer des Wohlstandes" criticized the inaction of the German government. He called for crime charges against people who express doubts on the scientific consensus. In an open letter to non-attendees of his group's 2012 meeting he wrote "the world can't afford another event like 2004 and 2007" and "everything has to be done to avoid it", but he also added for consideration that "they won't make it easy for us". According to Swobodan there is time until 2018, anything beyond that would be too late.


2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Non-participant statements, Keepers of prosperity
In a national campaign published by several German newspapers the group showed heartbreaking pictures of children getting a sunburn and some more severe injuries from to the climate change-enhanced sunny weather in many parts of Germany. Although the campaign raised awareness of global warning in Germany and some German speaking parts of France and even 4 TV stations reported about it, some observers doubt whether it would convince enough politicians to "do what it takes to make it happen".


2012 United Nations General Assembly presidential election
An indirect presidential election was held to choose the President of the United Nations General Assembly on 8 June 2012 to replace Nassir Abdulaziz Al-Nasser and preside over the Sixty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly. It was the rotational turn of the Eastern European Group to preside over the session.


2012 United Nations General Assembly presidential election
Vuk Jeremić is elected with 99 votes for and 85 votes against. This was the first time since 1991 that there was no consensus candidate from the regional grouping, thus invoking a secret ballot vote.


2012 United Nations General Assembly presidential election, Background
Though there is usually a consensus candidate from the rotational group which is scheduled to hold he post of president of the UNGA, if there is no consensus candidate then a vote is held by secret ballot.


2012 United Nations General Assembly presidential election, Background, Electorate
The Eastern European Group is the smallest of the UN regional groups with 23 members who are informally entitled to choose a candidate from within their group. Failure to do so would result in a secret ballot amongst the entire United Nations General Assembly (the last time this happened was in 1991 when the Asian Group failed to agree on a candidate out of three options).


2012 United Nations General Assembly presidential election, Election, Reactions
After his election, Jeremić traveled to China and met vice-president Xi Jinping. In his acceptance speech, Jeremic said:


2012 United Nations General Assembly presidential election, Election, Reactions
I hope that our joint endeavours may help to bring us closer to the day when humankind shall have assuaged its hurts and abolished its fears; and, in so doing, to further the aspirations of the peoples of the United Nations to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war. May it be the will of God that the next session of the General Assembly goes down in history as one of peace.


2012 United Nations Mi-8 shootdown
United Nations Flight 544 was a civilian helicopter operated by Nizhnevartovskavia that on 21 December 2012 was shot down by the South Sudanese army (SPLA) near Likuangole, South Sudan, killing all four people on board.


2012 United Nations Mi-8 shootdown
Flight 544 was performing a reconnaissance mission for the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) to evaluate overland routes and landing areas for delivery of humanitarian aid. The flight had originated in Juba. Shortly after taking off from a stopover at Pibor, the helicopter took fire from SPLA ground-based anti-aircraft artillery and crashed. The crash site was near the front of ongoing fighting between the SPLA and Murle rebels led by David Yau Yau. The four victims on board were Russian nationals employed by Nizhnevartovskavia.


2012 United Nations Mi-8 shootdown, Reactions
The SPLA initially denied its role in the shooting, blaming rebels instead. The following day, the South Sudanese government admitted its troops had shot down 544. SPLA spokesman Philip Aguer announced that an SPLA artillery unit mistook Flight 544 for a Sudanese government aircraft that had previously been reported in the area, allegedly supplying Yau Yau's militia. He elaborated that before engaging the helicopter, the SPLA soldiers received confirmation from UNMISS that there were no UN flights in the region.


2012 United Nations Mi-8 shootdown, Reactions
The United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon immediately issued a statement vehemently condemning the SPLA's attack on "clearly marked" UN personnel and demanding that South Sudan hold accountable those responsible for the shooting and work to prevent future attacks.


2012 United Nations Mi-8 shootdown, Reactions
Ambassador Vitaly Churkin announced that the Russian government would seek compensation from South Sudan for the families of the Russian crew. He stated that the crew of Flight 544 had cleared their flight plan and obtained a guarantee of security from the SPLA, contradicting the South Sudanese claim about confusion about the identify of the helicopter. He demanded that South Sudan punish those responsible and make changes to improve the protection of Russians working there.


2012 United Nations Mi-8 shootdown, Reactions
European Union representative Catherine Ashton issued a statement condemning the attack and requesting that the SPLA cooperate with an investigation into the incident.


2012 United Nations Mi-8 shootdown, Investigation
The UN took control of the "black box" flight recorder. The transfer of the recorder to the Russian government was delayed by request of the South Sudanese government, which had set up its own investigation committee, and finally completed on January 21.


2012 United Nations Mi-8 shootdown, Aftermath
Despite the request that the SPLA implement changes to avoid future attacks on UN personnel, another UNMISS helicopter took gunfire on January 5, 2013 while on the ground at Bau, South Sudan. This craft was a Mil Mi-26 transport helicopter operated by the Russian firm UTair. No personnel injuries or damage to critical systems was reported and the mission was completed as planned.


2012 United Nations Security Council election
The 2012 United Nations Security Council election was held on 18 October 2012 during the 67th session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The elections were for five non-permanent seats on the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 2013 to replace the five countries whose terms expired. The countries elected were Argentina, Australia, Luxembourg, the Republic of Korea, and Rwanda with Luxembourg being elected for the first time.


2012 United Nations Security Council election, Rules
In accordance with the rotation rules whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting and representation purposes, the five available seats were allocated as follows:


2012 United Nations Security Council election, Rules
The election is for the term from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2014.


2012 United Nations Security Council election, Rwanda controversy
Prior to the actual vote, the representative of the Democratic Republic of the Congo rose to speak and said that Rwanda "was an oasis for criminals" operating in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and on those grounds, she objected to Rwanda as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council. A confidential U.N. report was also leaked before the election, which stated that Rwanda is involved in the current conflict in the eastern DRC and that "Rwandan officials exercise overall command and strategic planning for M23 ...


2012 United Nations Security Council election, Rwanda controversy
Rwanda continues to violate the arms embargo through direct military support to M23 rebels, facilitation of recruitment, encouragement and facilitation of FARDC (Congolese army) desertions as well as the provision of arms and ammunition, intelligence, and political advice." Rwandan U.N. representative Olivier Nduhungirehe responded by saying, "The members of the General Assembly know exactly what our record is and they cannot be deterred or swayed by a baseless report, which has no credibility."


2012 United Nations Security Council election, Results
Argentina, Australia, and Rwanda were elected in the first round of voting, while Luxembourg and the Republic of Korea were elected in the second. In both rounds, 193 voting papers were distributed.


2012 United States Grand Prix
The 2012 United States Grand Prix (formally the 2012 Formula 1 United States Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held at the Circuit of the Americas in Travis County, near Austin, Texas on November 18, 2012. The race, run over fifty-six laps, was the penultimate round of the 2012 championship. It was the inaugural race at the circuit, and the first time the United States Grand Prix had been held since 2007. On Sunday a capacity crowd of 117,429 watched the race around the brand new 20-turn circuit.


2012 United States Grand Prix
Sebastian Vettel started the race from pole position. Lewis Hamilton won the race, his last for McLaren before his move to Mercedes, with Vettel finishing second and Fernando Alonso in third. Vettel's second place gave Red Bull Racing enough points to secure their third consecutive World Constructors' Championship. Bruno Senna scored his last World Championship points at this race.


2012 United States Grand Prix, Report, Background
After a troubled construction period that saw a stop-work order issued in November 2011, and the threat of the race being removed from the Formula One calendar altogether, construction laid the final layer of tarmac on September 21. The circuit passed its final pre-race inspection on September 25, allowing the race to go ahead as planned. By comparison, the most-recent additions to the Formula One calendar – the Korea International Circuit in South Korea and the Buddh International Circuit in India – were only completed in the days leading up to their inaugural races. The event was not the first Formula One Grand Prix in the state of Texas- the one-off Dallas Grand Prix was held in July 1984 and the event was run in the extremely high temperatures of a Texas summer.


2012 United States Grand Prix, Report, Background
Tyre supplier Pirelli provided teams with the medium and hard compounds for the race, with the hard tyre designated the prime compound, and the medium tyre the option compound. As a result of this, Pirelli's Paul Hembery predicted that the race would feature one-stop strategies throughout the field. The selection of tyres was criticised by teams and drivers for being too conservative and counter-productive to racing, though Pirelli claimed that this was a result of the highly-specific chemical makeup of the tarmac used at circuits hosting Grands Prix. After analysing data gathered in free practice on Friday, Pirelli admitted that the soft and super-soft compounds would have been better-suited to the characteristics of the circuit.


2012 United States Grand Prix, Report, Background
The race saw the use of a single Drag Reduction System (DRS) zone, located along the back straight to facilitate overtaking into Turn 12. The detection point was located 1,220 feet (372 m) before the apex of the Turn 11 hairpin, with the activation point positioned 1,050 feet (320 m) after the Turn 11 apex, making the total DRS zone some 2,130 feet (649 m) in length.


2012 United States Grand Prix, Report, Free practice
Sebastian Vettel was the fastest driver in both the opening practice sessions, setting a time a second and a half faster than Lewis Hamilton in the Friday morning session, and two seconds faster than title rival Fernando Alonso. The session was run without incident, though drivers reported that there was very little grip around the circuit. Ma Qinghua was the only reserve driver to take part in the session, replacing Narain Karthikeyan at HRT. He finished the session in twenty-fourth and last position, ten seconds behind Vettel.


2012 United States Grand Prix, Report, Free practice
Vettel was again fastest in the Friday afternoon session, seven tenths of a second quicker than team-mate Mark Webber and Alonso. Vettel's running was limited by a water leak that forced him to spend half the session in the pits, while Caterham's Heikki Kovalainen suffered a puncture when he made contact with Scuderia Toro Rosso driver Jean-Éric Vergne, and Pastor Maldonado suffered an engine failure in his Williams late in the session.


2012 United States Grand Prix, Report, Free practice
Vettel completed the trifecta of fastest lap times when he topped the final session on Saturday morning, finishing two and a half tenths of a second faster than Hamilton. The hour-long session was marked by a collision between Sauber's Sergio Pérez and the Marussia of Charles Pic that damaged the floor of Pic's car. Pérez escaped without penalty, much to the chagrin of Marussia. Jean-Éric Vergne also ran into further trouble, breaking his front suspension when he hit a kerb and stopped on the circuit.


2012 United States Grand Prix, Report, Qualifying
Qualifying was held over one hour on Saturday afternoon. The session was broken up into three periods of twenty minutes, fifteen minutes and ten minutes respectively. At the end of the first period, Q1, the slowest seven cars were eliminated, and would start the race from the last seven positions on the grid. Any car that failed to qualify within 107% of the fastest lap time recorded in Q1 would have failed to qualify, though they would be eligible to enter the race at the discretion of the stewards. At the end of the second period, Q2, the slowest seven cars were again eliminated and would start the race in positions eleven to seventeen. This would leave the ten fastest cars to compete for pole position in the final ten-minute period, Q3.


2012 United States Grand Prix, Report, Qualifying, Q1
With the surface of the circuit offering very little grip, every team sent their drivers out for extended runs in the first twenty-minute period of qualifying, with the objective of laying down enough rubber on the circuit to improve their overall lap time, and trying to time their final flying runs to take full advantage of the circuit.


2012 United States Grand Prix, Report, Qualifying, Q1
HRT were initially concerned that they would fail to qualify inside the 107% cut-off, and therefore fail to qualify for the race. These fears were not realised as they sent Pedro de la Rosa and Narain Karthikeyan out on the softer option tyres, allowing them to record faster lap times than if they had used the harder prime compound, which most of the front-runners would use in the first period so as to keep a set of soft tyres in reserve. Both de la Rosa and Karthikeyan qualified for the race, filling out the final row of the grid. Karthikeyan's session ended early when he pulled over onto the tarmac run-off at Turn 2, the victim of a mechanical fault. The positioning of his car forced race control to show yellow flags in the first sector, obliging drivers to slow down to avoid an accident.


2012 United States Grand Prix, Report, Qualifying, Q1
Caterham's Vitaly Petrov struggled early in the session with traffic, and spent most of the twenty minutes outside the 107% cut-off. His final flying lap saw him qualify twenty-first for the race, one place ahead of team-mate Heikki Kovalainen. It was only the sixth time in eighteen races that Petrov had out-qualified his team-mate. Caterham later claimed that Karthikeyan's stoppage robbed them of the chance to set faster times, and the net result was that both Caterham cars qualified behind the Marussias of Timo Glock and Charles Pic, prompting the team to declare that they had now caught Caterham in terms of raw pace.


2012 United States Grand Prix, Report, Qualifying, Q1
Daniel Ricciardo was the seventh and final driver eliminated at the end of the first qualifying period. He had spent most of the twenty minutes engaged in a battle to avoid elimination with Mercedes' Nico Rosberg, with Rosberg prevailing when Ricciardo's final lap was compromised by the yellow flags in the first sector. The result meant that a Scuderia Toro Rosso was eliminated in the first qualifying period for the tenth time in 2012, though it was only Ricciardo's second elimination.


2012 United States Grand Prix, Report, Qualifying, Q2
The trend towards the circuit becoming faster as more rubber was laid down continued in Q2, with lap times continuing to drop. Sebastian Vettel, who had recorded the fastest time in Q1, went on to beat his best time by eight tenths of a second in Q2. The faster lap times now meant that the softer option compound was a necessity; predictions from the teams – which would soon prove to be accurate – suggested that it would be impossible to advance to the final period of qualifying using the harder prime tyres.


2012 United States Grand Prix, Report, Qualifying, Q2
Despite narrowly beating Ricciardo in Q1, Nico Rosberg was unable to improve his time in Q2, and qualified in seventeenth overall. His team later defended the decision to have him compete in an older specification of the Mercedes F1 W03 as they felt it was better-suited to Rosberg's driving style, particularly when it came to heating his tyres. The Saubers of Pérez and Kamui Kobayashi filled out the eighth row of the grid, with the team unable to explain their lack of pace despite early predictions that they could challenge Mercedes for fifth place in the World Constructors' Championship in Austin and Brazil.


2012 United States Grand Prix, Report, Qualifying, Q2
Jean-Éric Vergne overcame his free practice dramas to qualify fourteenth, two tenths of a second ahead of Pérez and two tenths of a second behind Paul di Resta, who was disappointed to be eliminated in Q2 when team-mate Nico Hülkenberg comfortably progressed to Q3. Jenson Button had to settle for twelfth overall when his McLaren MP4-27 lost all power late in the period, and he later admitted that he was afraid of getting caught up in what he called a "chaotic first lap". Bruno Senna was the last driver eliminated in Q2, qualifying in eleventh place in his best qualifying performance since his Q3 appearance in the Hungarian Grand Prix.


2012 United States Grand Prix, Report, Qualifying, Q3
Sebastian Vettel took pole position with the fastest lap of the weekend to date, setting a time of 1:35.657 on his final flying lap. In spite of this, Lewis Hamilton was closer to Vettel than he had been all weekend, missing pole position by just one tenth of a second. Mark Webber qualified third, ahead of Romain Grosjean, who was later demoted to ninth when he received a five-place grid penalty for an unscheduled gearbox change.


2012 United States Grand Prix, Report, Qualifying, Q3
Kimi Räikkönen qualified fifth, expressing surprise at such a strong qualifying performance when his team had been struggling with the lack of grip throughout free practice. Michael Schumacher, who has won the United States Grand Prix on five occasions, qualified sixth in his penultimate race before his second retirement from the sport, ahead of former team-mate Felipe Massa. Nico Hülkenberg finished the session in eighth, while Fernando Alonso struggled throughout qualifying to finish ninth overall. Ferrari were later forced to defend their qualifying tactics after sending Alonso out to complete his final timed run on a set of "scrubbed" – used – tyres. Pastor Maldonado completed the top ten.


2012 United States Grand Prix, Report, Post-qualifying
Both Michael Schumacher and Mark Webber were summoned to the stewards' office after qualifying. Schumacher had been cited for blocking Alonso during Q2 when the Mercedes driver impeded him at Turn 15. Schumacher escaped without punishment, as he had been on a flying lap of his own at the time, and blocking Alonso had not prevented him from advancing to Q3.


2012 United States Grand Prix, Report, Post-qualifying
Webber, on the other hand, was called to answer charges of missing the mandatory weight check at the end of qualifying. The stewards accepted that Red Bull Racing had made an error and saw that the car was immediately sent to scrutineering once it was realised. Webber escaped with a reprimand, thereby allowing him to keep his grid position for the race.


2012 United States Grand Prix, Report, Race
At the start, Vettel led from pole position and Webber passed Hamilton before entering the first corner. Alonso made a good start to gain 3 places. Vettel opened up a lead over Webber before Hamilton passed the Australian in the DRS zone on the long straight from T11 to T12 on Lap 4. Webber would later retire on Lap 17 when KERS shut down and eventually the alternator failed on the Red Bull car. Vettel would pit on Lap 22 but retained the lead over Räikkönen, Hamilton, Massa, and Alonso.


2012 United States Grand Prix, Report, Race
Hamilton was able to catch and pass Vettel on Lap 42 in the DRS zone and kept the lead into turn 12. McLaren's Lewis Hamilton would go on to win the race, his last win for McLaren, followed by Red Bull's Sebastian Vettel and Ferrari's Fernando Alonso. Bruno Senna scored his final Formula One point to date.


2012 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska
The 2012 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska was held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012, to elect the U.S. Representative from Alaska's at-large congressional district, who will represent the state of Alaska in the 113th United States Congress. The election coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including a quadrennial presidential election. As is the case every twelve years in Alaska, this will be the only statewide election contest held amongst this year's elections. A primary election was held on August 28, 2012.


2012 United States House of Representatives election in American Samoa
The United States House of Representatives election in American Samoa, which contests American Samoa lone At-large congressional district, was held on November 6, 2012. The non-voting delegate to the United States House of Representatives is elected for two-year terms; the winner, incumbent Rep. Eni Faleomavaega of the Democratic Party, will serve in the 113th Congress from January 3, 2013 until January 3, 2015. Faleomavaega has held the seat since 1989.


2012 United States House of Representatives election in American Samoa, Candidates
All elections in American Samoa are officially non-partisan, though candidates do identify with a particular political party. Three candidates sought election for Delegate to the U.S. House in 2010.


2012 United States House of Representatives election in American Samoa, Candidates
American Samoa Governor Togiola Tulafono, who is term-limited and cannot seek re-election, declined to run for the U.S. House seat in 2012. Tulafono announced his decision to forgo the congressional race on his weekly radio show.


2012 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware
The 2012 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware took place on Tuesday, November 6, 2012. Voters elected a member of the United States House of Representatives to represent Delaware's At-large congressional district, encompassing the entire state of Delaware. Incumbent Democratic Representative John Carney defeated Republican challenger Tom Kovach to win a second term.


2012 United States House of Representatives election in District of Columbia
The 2012 United States House of Representatives election in the District of Columbia was held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012 to elect the non-voting Delegate to the United States House of Representatives from the District of Columbia. The election coincided with the elections of other federal offices, including a quadrennial presidential election.


2012 United States House of Representatives election in District of Columbia
The non-voting delegate is elected for two-year terms. Democrat Eleanor Holmes Norton, who has represented the district since 1991, ran for re-election. She ran unopposed in the Democratic primary, held on April 3, 2012.


2012 United States House of Representatives election in Guam
The 2012 United States House of Representatives election in Guam was held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012 to elect the non-voting Delegate to the United States House of Representatives from Guam. The election coincided with the elections of other federal offices, including a quadrennial presidential election.


2012 United States House of Representatives election in Guam
The non-voting delegate is elected for two-year terms. Democratic incumbent Madeleine Bordallo, who has represented the district since 2003, won re-election for a sixth consecutive, two-year term,


2012 United States House of Representatives election in Guam, Primary election results, Democratic Party
Congresswoman Bordallo's Democratic challenger, Karlo Dizon, endorsed her for re-election following the primary.


2012 United States House of Representatives election in Montana
The 2012 congressional election in Montana was held on November 6, 2012, to determine who would represent the state of Montana in the United States House of Representatives. Montana has one seat in the House, apportioned according to the 2010 United States Census. Incumbent Denny Rehberg did not run for reelection, choosing instead to run for the seat in the U.S. Senate. A primary election was held on June 5, 2012. Republican  businessman Steve Daines won the open seat.


2012 United States House of Representatives election in North Dakota
The 2012 United States House of Representatives election in North Dakota was held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012 to elect the U.S. Representative from the state's at-large congressional district. The election coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including a quadrennial presidential election and an election to the U.S. Senate. A primary election was held on June 12, 2012; a candidate must receive at least 300 votes to appear on the general election ballot in November.


2012 United States House of Representatives election in North Dakota
Rick Berg, a member of the Republican Party who was first elected to represent the at-large district in 2010, had announced that he would not seek re-election but would instead run for the U.S. Senate seat being vacated by Kent Conrad. Republican Kevin Cramer won the open House seat.


2012 United States House of Representatives election in North Dakota, Republican primary
The North Dakota Republican Party endorsed Public Service Commissioner Brian Kalk at their state convention, though general election ballot access is determined by a statewide primary election held on June 12, 2012. In contrast to state political tradition, fellow Public Service Commissioner Kevin Cramer did not seek the party endorsement, instead attempting to defeat Kalk on the June primary ballot.


2012 United States House of Representatives election in North Dakota, Republican primary, Debate
The North Dakota Republican Party held a candidates' debate on December 14 at the campus of Valley City State University. All five GOP candidates declared at the time—Cramer, Goettle, Grande, Kalk, and Koppelman—participated.


2012 United States House of Representatives election in North Dakota, Libertarian nomination
The Libertarian Party of North Dakota has selected small business owner Eric Olson as their nominee at a state meeting.


2012 United States House of Representatives election in Northern Mariana Islands
The 2012 Congressional election in the Northern Mariana Islands was held on November 6, 2012 to elect the territory's sole Delegate to the United States House of Representatives. Representatives and non-voting Delegates are elected for two-year terms.


2012 United States House of Representatives election in Northern Mariana Islands
Delegate Gregorio Sablan, an independent who caucuses with the Democrat, has held the seat since its creation in the 2008 election. Sablan won re-election in the 2008 four-person race with 43%, or 4,896 of the 11,325 total votes cast. He is the first non-voting delegate to represent the Northern Mariana Islands in the U.S. House of Representatives.


2012 United States House of Representatives election in Northern Mariana Islands
Sablan launched his re-election campaign for a third term on August 24, 2011.


2012 United States House of Representatives election in Northern Mariana Islands
Republican Party leaders in the Northern Mariana Islands, including Governor Benigno Fitial, had reportedly encouraged John Gonzales to run against Sablan in the race. Gonzales, a former Covenant Party member and the executive director of the Northern Mariana Islands public library system, previously finished in 3rd place in the 2008 United States House of Representatives election in the Northern Mariana Islands.


2012 United States House of Representatives election in Northern Mariana Islands, Candidates, General election results
Incumbent Del. Gregorio "Kilili" Sablan won a landslide re-election, earning more than 7,000 votes more than his Republican challenger, Dr. Ignacia "Acha" Demapan, the largest vote margin of any political candidate in Northern Mariana Islands history.


2012 United States House of Representatives election in Puerto Rico
The election for Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico to the United States House of Representatives took place on November 6, 2012, the same day as the larger Puerto Rican general election and the United States general elections, 2012.


2012 United States House of Representatives election in Puerto Rico
The Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico is the only member of the United States House of Representatives who is elected every four years instead of a two-year term.


2012 United States House of Representatives election in Puerto Rico
Incumbent Resident Representative Pedro Pierluisi of the New Progressive Party (NPP) (who caucuses with the Democratic Party), who was first elected in 2008, narrowly won reelection for a second term. Pierluisi defeated his closest opponent, Rafael Cox Alomar of the Popular Democratic Party of Puerto Rico (PPD) by almost 1.3%.


2012 United States House of Representatives election in South Dakota
The 2012 United States House of Representatives election in South Dakota was held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012 to elect the single U.S. Representative from South Dakota's At-large congressional district, comprising the entire state of South Dakota. The election coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including a quadrennial presidential election.


2012 United States House of Representatives election in United States Virgin Islands
The 2012 United States House of Representatives election in the United States Virgin Islands was held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012 and elected the non-voting Delegate to the United States House of Representatives from the United States Virgin Islands. The election coincided with the elections of other federal offices, including a quadrennial presidential election.


2012 United States House of Representatives election in United States Virgin Islands
The non-voting delegate is elected for two-year terms. Democratic incumbent Donna Christian-Christensen, who had represented the district since 1997, won  re-election.


2012 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont
The 2012 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont was held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012 to elect the U.S. Representative from the state's at-large congressional district. The election coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including a quadrennial presidential election and an election to the U.S. Senate. A primary election was held on August 28, 2012.


2012 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming
The 2012 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming was held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012 and re-elected Cynthia Lummis as the U.S. Representative from the state's at-large congressional district. The election coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including a quadrennial presidential election and an election to the U.S. Senate. A primary election was held on August 21, 2012.


2012 United States House of Representatives election ratings
The 2012 United States House of Representatives elections were held November 6, 2012, to elect representatives from all 435 congressional districts across each of the 50 U.S. states. The six non-voting delegates from the District of Columbia and the inhabited U.S. territories will also be elected. Numerous federal, state, and local elections, including the 2012 presidential election and the 2012 Senate elections, were also held on this date.


2012 United States House of Representatives election ratings, Election ratings
Several sites and individuals publish ratings of competitive seats. The seats listed below were considered competitive (not "safe" or "solid") by at least one of the rating groups. These ratings are based upon factors such as the strength of the incumbent (if the incumbent is running for re-election), the strength of the candidates, and the partisan history of the district (the Cook Partisan Voting Index is one example of this metric). Each rating describes the likelihood of a given outcome in the election.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections
The 2012 United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 6, 2012. It coincided with the reelection of President Barack Obama. Elections were held for all 435 seats representing the 50 U.S. states and also for the delegates from the District of Columbia and five major U.S. territories. The winners of this election cycle served in the 113th United States Congress. This was the first congressional election using districts drawn up based on the 2010 United States Census.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections
Although Democratic candidates received a nationwide plurality of more than 1.4 million votes (1.2%) in all House elections, the Republican Party won a 33-seat advantage in the state-apportioned totals, thus retaining its House majority by 17 seats. Democrats had picked up 27 seats, enough to win back control of the House, but most of these gains were canceled out due to Republican gains as well as reapportionment, leaving the Democrats with a net gain of eight seats.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections
This disparity – common in close elections involving single-member district voting – has generally been attributed to targeted, widespread Republican gerrymandering in the congressional redistricting process following the 2010 United States Census. Some analysts believe that in addition to Republican gerrymandering, another factor that helped the GOP maintain control of Congress (despite receiving fewer votes) was "unintentional gerrymandering," as the high concentration of Democrats in urban centers led to "wasted votes" in districts that easily elected Democratic candidates. The GOP also had a greater number of incumbents, and incumbents tend to have an advantage in elections.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections
In the 20th century, the party with a plurality of the popular vote was unable to receive a majority in the House on four occasions; two of those occurrences took place after World War II (in 1952 and 1996, in which the GOP held a majority in the House). The 1942 election was the last time that the Democrats held a majority in the House without winning the popular vote.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections
As of 2021, this is the last congressional election in which the Democrats won a House seat in West Virginia.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections, Retiring incumbents
Forty-one Representatives retired. Thirty-four of those seats were held by the same party, six seats changed party.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections, Retiring incumbents, Democrats
Twenty-two Democrats retired. Fourteen of those seats were held by Democrats, five were won by Republicans, and three seats were eliminated in redistricting.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections, Retiring incumbents, Republicans
Nineteen Republicans retired. Fifteen of those seats were held by Republicans, one was won by a Democrat, and three seats were eliminated in redistricting.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections, Incumbents defeated
As a result of redistricting, many incumbents were forced to compete against each other in the same district, which resulted in a larger number of incumbents being defeated in primaries.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections, Incumbents defeated, In primary elections
Thirteen representatives lost renomination: Eight were lost in redistricting battles pitting incumbents against each other, and five incumbents lost nomination to non-incumbent challengers.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections, Incumbents defeated, In primary elections, Democrats
Seven Democrats lost renomination: five in redistricting and two to a non-incumbent challenger.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections, Incumbents defeated, In primary elections, Republicans
Six Republicans lost renomination: three in redistricting races and three to a non-incumbent challenger. All the seats were held by Republicans.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections, Incumbents defeated, In the general election, Democrats
Ten incumbent Democrats lost re-election; four to fellow Democrats and six to Republicans. Four losses were in California: two due to redistricting putting two incumbents together (resulting in a net loss of two for the Democrats) and two due to the state's top two primary. Two incumbents outside of California lost to Republican incumbents after being redistricted to the same district.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections, Incumbents defeated, In the general election, Republicans
One incumbent Republican lost re-election to a fellow incumbent Republican.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections, Incumbents defeated, In the general election, Republicans
Sixteen incumbent Republicans, ten of whom were first elected in 2010, lost re-election to Democrats.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections, Newly created seats
Of the 435 districts created in the 2010 redistricting, nineteen had no incumbent representative.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections, Closest races
In sixty-four races the margin of victory was less than 10%.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections, Special elections
There were six special elections in 2012. Winners would have a seniority advantage over other freshmen. Two elections were held separate from the November elections and four elections were held concurrent with the November elections.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections, Arizona
Arizona gained one seat in reapportionment. A second open seat was created when a pair of Republicans were redistricted into the same district. Primary elections were August 28, 2012.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections, California
California retained its fifty-three seats: four new seats were created when four pairs of Representatives were redistricted to run against each other. An additional Republican incumbent, Gary Miller, won re-election in an entirely different district from the one he had previously represented. The election featured the first use of the top-two primary system in which primary elections list candidates from all parties on one ballot, and the top two vote-getters advance to the general election. Two elections (30th and 44th districts) featured two Democratic incumbents running against each other.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections, Florida
Florida gained two seats in reapportionment. As a result of the Fair Districts Amendment, approved by voters via referendum in 2010, the legislature could not take incumbency into account in drawing the lines. As a result, two incumbent Republicans, John Mica and Sandy Adams, were drawn into the same district, creating a third new seat.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections, Illinois
Illinois lost one seat in reapportionment, forcing a pair of incumbent Republicans into the same district.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections, Iowa
Iowa lost one seat in reapportionment, forcing a pair of incumbents, a Democrat and a Republican, into the same district.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections, Louisiana
Louisiana lost one seat in reapportionment, forcing a pair of incumbent Republicans into the same district.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections, Massachusetts
Massachusetts lost one seat in reapportionment, forcing a pair of incumbent Democrats into the same district, although one, John Olver, retired in advance of the legislature's approval of new maps. Primary elections were held September 6, 2012.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections, Michigan
Michigan lost one seat in reapportionment, forcing a pair of Democrats into the same district. Primary elections were held August 7, 2012.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections, Missouri
Missouri lost one seat in reapportionment; two Democrats were drawn into the same district as a result. Primary elections were held August 7, 2012.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections, New Jersey
New Jersey lost one seat in reapportionment, forcing two incumbent Democrats into the same district.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections, New York
New York lost two seats in reapportionment. After the legislature failed to reach agreement, New York conducted its 2012 congressional elections under a map drawn by a federal magistrate judge. Two incumbent Representatives saw their districts eliminated; one, Maurice Hinchey, chose to retire, while the other, Bob Turner, chose to run for the U.S. Senate. A third incumbent impacted by redistricting, Gary Ackerman, chose to retire, creating an open seat.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections, Ohio
Ohio lost two seats in reapportionment. Three pairs of incumbents were redistricted together, and one new seat was created.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania lost one seat in reapportionment, forcing two incumbent Democrats to run against each other, with the seat ultimately being won by a Republican challenger in November.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections, Texas
Texas gained four seats in reapportionment. After the initial redistricting map drawn by the Texas Legislature was denied pre-clearance by a federal district court under Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act, Texas conducted its 2012 congressional elections under a court-ordered interim map.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections, Washington
Washington gained one seat in reapportionment. Primary elections were held August 7, 2012.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections, Non-voting delegates
Puerto Rico's Resident Commissioner is elected to a four-year term during U.S. presidential election years. It is the only seat in the House elected for a four-year term.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama
The 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama were held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012, to elect the seven U.S. Representatives from the state, one from each of the state's seven congressional districts. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including a quadrennial presidential election. Primary elections were held on March 13, 2012; runoff elections were held on April 24.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama, Redistricting
A redistricting bill was passed by the Alabama House of Representatives and Senate on June 2, 2011, and signed into law by Governor Robert Bentley on June 8. To comply with the 1965 Voting Rights Act, the map received approval from the U.S. Department of Justice or a federal court before it could be enacted; the Department of Justice approved the map on November 21, 2011.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama, Overview
The table below shows the total number and percentage of votes, as well as the number of seats gained and lost by each political party in the election for the United States House of Representatives in Alabama.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama, District 1
The redrawn 1st district remains based in Mobile and continues to include the entirety of the state's coast. Republican Jo Bonner, who has represented the 1st district since 2003, sought re-election. Peter Gounares, a real estate broker who unsuccessfully challenged Bonner in the Republican primary in 2010; Pete Riehm, a real estate agent; and Dean Young, a businessman and conservative activist, challenged Bonner in the Republican primary. Bonner defeated his three challengers.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama, District 1
No Democrats qualified to seek the nomination. Clint Moser, who had planned to run against Bonner as an independent, did not do so. Bonner easily won re-election on November 6, 2012.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama, District 2
The redrawn 2nd district is based in the suburbs of Montgomery and covers the southeast of the state. Republican Martha Roby, who has represented the 2nd district since January 2011, sought re-election in 2012.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama, District 2
Therese Ford challenged Roby as the Democratic candidate. Former U.S. Representative Bobby Bright, whom Roby defeated in the 2010 general election,decided not to run again. Roby won re-election on November 6, 2012.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama, District 3
The redrawn 3rd district is more favorable to Republicans than its previous incarnation. Republican Mike Rogers, who has represented the 3rd district since 2003, sought re-election. John Andrew Harris, who works in the child nutrition program for Auburn City Schools, challenged Rogers unsuccessfully.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama, District 4
The northern part of Tuscaloosa County was added to the 4th district during redistricting, while most of Blount County was removed. Republican Robert Aderholt, who has represented the 4th district since 1997, sought re-election. State representative Daniel Boman, and Rick Neighbors, a former plant supervisor, sought the Democratic nomination to challenge Aderholt. Boman defeated Neighbors, but Aderholt won the general election on November 6, 2012.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama, District 5
Lawrence and Colbert counties were moved from the 4th district to the 5th district during redistricting. Republican Mo Brooks, who represented the 5th district since January 2011, sought re-election. Parker Griffith, who represented the district from 2009 to 2011 and was defeated by Brooks in the Republican primary in 2010, again challenged Brooks in the Republican primary. Brooks defeated Griffith. Charlie Holley, a Baptist minister, unsuccessfully challenged Brooks as the Democratic nominee. Brooks won the November 6, 2012, general election.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama, District 6
The redrawn 6th district is centered around the suburbs of Birmingham. Republican Spencer Bachus, who has represented Alabama's 6th congressional district since 1993, sought re-election.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama, District 6
State Senator Scott Beason; Al Mickle, a businessman and Tea Party activist; and Blount County Probate Judge David Standridge challenged Bachus in the Republican primary. Justin Barkley had planned to challenge Bachus, but dropped his bid in January 2012. Stan Pate, a businessman,  planned to run but ended his bid in February 2012. Bachus defeated his three primary challengers.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama, District 6
Col. Penny Bailey, a retired Air Force Colonel; and William G. Barnes, an attorney and Democratic nominee for the U.S. Senate in 2010, sought the Democratic nomination. Bailey defeated Barnes, but Bachus won the general election on November 6, 2012.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama, District 7
The redrawn 7th district, located on the state's western border, is 64% African American and was made even more favorable to Democrats in the 2010 redistricting. Incumbent Terri Sewell, who has represented the 7th district since January 2011, sought re-election. Don Chamberlain and Phil Norris, a retired United States Navy submariner, sought the Republican nomination to challenge Sewell. Chamberlain defeated Norris, then Sewell won the general election on November 6, 2012. She is the only Democrat in Alabama's Congressional delegation. As of 2021, this is the last time Republicans contested Alabama's 7th congressional district.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona
The 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona were held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012, to elect the nine U.S. Representatives from the state, one from each of the state's nine congressional districts, including the newly-created 9th district following the 2010 United States Census. The elections coincided with other federal and state elections, including a quadrennial presidential election, and a U.S. Senate election. Primary elections were held on August 28, 2012.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona, Overview
The table shows the number and percentage of votes, as well as the number of seats gained and lost, by each political party in the 2012 elections for the United States House of Representatives in Arizona.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona, Redistricting
Due to population gains reflected in the 2010 United States Census, Arizona's congressional delegation increased from eight members to nine in 2012. In accordance with the Arizona Constitution, the Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission produced new congressional district maps for use in the 2012 and subsequent elections. In October, 2011, the commission released a draft map and by November 5 that year had completed a round of public hearings for input on the draft map. The map became final after being cleared for compliance with the Voting Rights Act by the United States Department of Justice, and established the official district boundaries for the 2012 elections.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona, Redistricting
On November 1, 2011, Arizona Governor Jan Brewer, with the approval of the Arizona Senate, removed Colleen Mathis, the commission's chair, charging Mathis was guilty of "failure to apply the Arizona Constitution's redistricting provisions in an honest, independent and impartial fashion." On November 17, the Arizona Supreme Court overturned Brewer's decision and reinstated Mathis. On November 21, Brewer asked the Supreme Court to reconsider its decision and to temporarily reverse Mathis' reinstatement. The Supreme Court refused. The map was pre-cleared by the U.S. Department of Justice on April 9, 2012, and was effect for the 2012 elections.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona, District 1
Based upon the new map, the 1st district is slightly friendlier to Democrats than its predecessor. Incumbent Republican Paul Gosar, first elected in 2010, ran for election in the more conservative 4th district.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona, District 2
After redistricting, most of 2nd district was composed of land previously located in the 8th district and was thus more favorable to Democrats. Democrat Gabby Giffords, who had represented the 8th district since 2007, was seriously wounded in a mass shooting in January 2011 and resigned her congressional seat in January 2012. A special election was held in June 2012 under the boundaries of the then current 8th district, with a primary election held in April 2012; in November 2012 another election took place under the new boundaries of the 2nd district, with a primary scheduled for August 2012.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona, District 3
In the October 2011 redistricting, most of the 7th district became the 3rd district and was more favorable to Democrats. Incumbent Democrat Raúl M. Grijalva, first elected in 2002, said in February 2011 that he had no plans to run for the U.S. Senate.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona, District 4
The new 4th congressional district encompasses most of the rural areas in the old 2nd district, as well as significant portions of the old 1st, 5th, and 6th districts, according to the  of the Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission. The district is heavily-Republican.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona, District 4
In the November 6, 2012, general election, Paul Gosar, who has represented the 1st district since 2011, was the Republican Party nominee. He moved to Prescott in order to run in the district.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona, District 5
With the October 2011 redistricting, most of the 6th district became the 5th district and continued to favor Republicans. Incumbent Republican Jeff Flake, who has represented this district since 2001, sought the Republican nomination for the U.S. Senate.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona, District 6
After redistricting, the bulk of David Schweikert's 5th district became the 9th district, while his home in Fountain Hills was drawn into the newly created 4th district. However, as soon as the maps were released, Schweikert announced he would run in the 6th district. That district had previously been the 3rd, represented by fellow Republican freshman Ben Quayle.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona, District 6
However, in a statement announcing his re-election plans, Schweikert pointed out that he'd grown up in Scottsdale—most of which had been drawn into the 6th as well—had represented it in both the state house and in Congress, and owned a second home there. A revised map, however, placed Schweikert's home in Fountain Hills into the reconfigured 6th.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona, District 6, Republican primary
Quayle, whose home in Phoenix had been drawn into the 9th but was just outside the boundaries of the 6th, opted to seek re-election in the 6th as well. During the bitter primary campaign, Schweikert was widely criticised for a mailer that accused Quayle of "going both ways", suggesting that he was bisexual. On the reverse, the mailer listed issues on which it claimed Quayle had taken both liberal and conservative positions.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona, District 6, Republican primary
Senator Jon Kyl said that "such campaign tactics insult the voters, degrade politics and expose those who stoop to them as unworthy of high office" and Senator John McCain said the mailer was one of the "worst that I have seen" and that it "crosses the boundary of decent political dialogue and discourse". Quayle's spokeswoman called the mailer "utterly false" and "a sleazy smear tactic". Schweikert's spokesman responded that people "should get their minds out of the gutter" because the mailer was "obviously" referring to "'both ways' – as in liberal and conservative". The Arizona Republic asked two political scientists to review the mailer, who both said that they had "never seen anybody accuse someone of flip-flopping [on political issues] that way" and said that it was "difficult to believe" that the sexual suggestion was unintentional.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona, District 6, Republican primary
Although the 6th contained almost two-thirds of Quayle's constituents, Schweikert defeated Quayle in the Republican primary—the real contest in this heavily Republican district—by 51.5 percent to Quayle's 48.5 percent.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona, District 7
In accordance with the redrawn boundaries, most of the 4th district became the 7th district and remained the most Democratic district in Arizona. Incumbent Democrat Ed Pastor considered a run for the U.S. Senate but decided against it.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona, District 7
State senator Kyrsten Sinema, who considered a bid for Congress and lived in the former 4th district, opted to run in the 9th district.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona, District 7, Republican primary
Fistler did not receive enough write-in votes to appear on the general election ballot as a Republican.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona, District 8
With the new map, most of the Maricopa County portion of the old 2nd district was renumbered as the 8th district and made more favorable to Republicans. Incumbent Republican Trent Franks, who had considered running for the U.S. Senate, instead ran successfully for re-election.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona, District 9
With the new map, most of the old 5th District became the 9th District. It now encompasses portions of southern Phoenix, as well as all of Tempe and parts of Scottsdale, Mesa, Chandler and Paradise Valley. It is not considered safe for either party.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona, District 9
Former Democratic state senator Kyrsten Sinema defeated Republican nominee Vernon Parker and Libertarian nominee Powell Gammill. Sinema won the general election on November 6, 2012.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas
The 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas occurred on Tuesday, November 6, 2012 to elect the four U.S. Representatives from the state, one from each of the state's four congressional districts. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including a quadrennial presidential election.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas
As the result of redistricting following the 2010 United States Census, the boundaries of the state's congressional districts have been redrawn. Governor Mike Beebe, who signed the new map into law in April 2011, described it as the "status quo" and not partisan. In the new map, five counties are split between districts, the first time in Arkansas history that counties have not been kept intact in congressional districts.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas, Overview
The table below shows the total number and percentage of votes, as well as the number of seats gained and lost by each political party in the election for the United States House of Representatives in Arkansas.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas, District 1
The 1st district had lost population, and so was drawn in the new map to incorporate counties in southeastern Arkansas which were previously a part of the 4th district. Republican incumbent Rick Crawford was first elected in 2010.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas, District 1
State representative Clark Hall, and Gary Latanich, an economics professor at Arkansas State University, will seek the Democratic nomination to challenge Crawford. Other potential Democratic candidates include L. J. Bryant, the unsuccessful 2010 Democratic nominee for Arkansas Land Commissioner; David Cook, a former state representative and unsuccessful candidate in the 2010 Democratic primary in the 1st district; prosecuting attorney Scott Ellington; state representative Keith Ingram; Robert S. Moore, the speaker of the state House of Representatives; and businessman Steve Rockwell, who considered running in the 1st district in 2010.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas, District 1
Paul Bookout, the president pro tempore of the Arkansas Senate; Chad Causey, the former chief of staff to U.S. Representative Marion Berry and unsuccessful 2010 nominee in the 1st district; and state senator Robert F. Thompson will not run. Jacob Holloway, a graduate student at ASU, is the declared Green Party candidate. Jessica Paxton, wife of Libertarian Party of Arkansas chairman Rodger Paxton, has been nominated as the Libertarian candidate.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas, District 2
Population growth in Arkansas's central counties meant that the 2nd district had to shrink in the new map. Under the new map, the 2nd district is likely to continue to favor Republicans.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas, District 2
Potential Democratic candidates include attorney Bob Edwards, who considered running in the 2nd district in 2010; Bill Halter, the former Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas who unsuccessfully ran in the Democratic primary for the U.S. Senate in 2010; Pat Hays, the mayor of North Little Rock; state senator David Johnson; Jay Martin, a lawyer and former state representative; state representative Tracy Steele; and Robbie Wills, the former speaker of the state House of Representatives and unsuccessful candidate in the 2010 Democratic primary for the 2nd district.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas, District 2
David Boling, the former chief of staff to U.S. Representative Vic Snyder and unsuccessful candidate in the 2010 Democratic primary in the 2nd district; state representative John Charles Edwards and Drew Pritt will not run. Herbert Rule, a Little Rock attorney and former state representative, filed as the only Democratic candidate.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas, District 3
Population growth in Arkansas's northwestern counties meant that the 3rd district had to shrink in the new map. Under the new map, the 3rd district is likely to continue to favor Republicans.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas, District 3
Rebekah Kennedy is the nominee of the Arkansas Green Party for the Third District. Kennedy was the Green Party nominee in the 2008 U.S. Senate election in Arkansas, achieving 20.47% of the vote against incumbent Mark Pryor. In 2010, Ms Kennedy  ran for state Attorney General, receiving 26.79% of the vote against incumbent Dustin McDaniel. On August 14, 2012, Kennedy received the endorsement of the Arkansas state AFL-CIO labor union.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas, District 3
David Pangrac, the Libertarian Party of Arkansas Vice Chairman, is running under his party's nomination.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas, District 3
Ken Aden, the former director for West Memphis-based nonprofit Residents 4 Arkansas, sought the Democratic nomination. Aden subsequently withdrew from the race after admitting to exaggerating his military record. Under Arkansas law, the Democratic Party is unable to field a replacement candidate for Aden and no Democrat will appear on the November ballot.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas, District 4
Under the new map, the 4th district loses some territory in the east of the state to the 1st district and gains some Republican-leaning northwestern Arkansas counties from the 3rd district. The district also gains Yell County from the 2nd district, which is expected to make the 4th district more favorable to Democrats.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas, District 4
Democratic incumbent Mike Ross, who was first elected in 2000, chose not to seek re-election. Q. Byrum Hurst, an attorney and small business owner; state senator Gene Jeffress; and D.C. Morrison, who unsuccessfully ran for the U.S. Senate in 2010, will seek the Democratic nomination.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas, District 4
Robin Carroll, a prosecutor and former legal counsel to the Democratic Party; former state senator Steve Faris; Conner Eldridge, the U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Arkansas; Greg Hale, a consultant for The Markham Group; state senator Steve Harrelson; Mike Hathorn, a former state representative and candidate for lieutenant governor; Carlton Jones, a prosecutor from Texarkana; Chris Masingill, head of the Delta Regional Authority and a former staff member for Ross and Governor Mike Beebe; state representative Gregg Reep; state senator Larry Teague, the incoming president of the state senate; and state legislator Hank Wilkins may also run for the Democratic nomination. State representative Bruce Maloch; Chris Thomason, the chancellor of the University of Arkansas Community College at Hope and a former state representative; and Jeff Weaver, Ross' district director, will not run.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas, District 4
Tom Cotton, a consultant and Army reservist; John Cowart, a police officer currently serving with the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve as lieutenant colonel in Afghanistan; Beth Anne Rankin, who unsuccessfully challenged Ross in 2010; and Marcus Richmond, a business owner and retired lieutenant colonel in the Marine Corps ran for the Republican nomination, but withdrew. John Cowart, a Texarkana police officer, filed on the last day. Cotton won the nomination and then won the general election. Bobby Tullis, a former Democratic state representative and unsuccessful Green Party nominee for state treasurer in 2010, had considered seeking Libertarian nomination for the seat; however in December 2011 Tullis gave his support to Republican candidate Beth Anne Rankin; nevertheless, he has been nominated as the Libertarian candidate.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California
The 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California were held on November 6, 2012, with a primary election on June 5, 2012. Voters elected the 53 U.S. representatives from the state, one from each of the state's 53 congressional districts. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including a quadrennial presidential election and a U.S. Senate election.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California
According to The Cook Political Report and Roll Call, the most competitive districts were the 7th, 10th, 26th, 36th, and 52nd; additionally, the 3rd, 9th, 24th, 41st, and 47th were rated as less than safe. Roll Call additionally listed the 21st district as competitive. Voters in 14 districts elected new representatives: the 1st, 2nd, 7th, 8th, 15th, 21st, 26th, 29th, 35th, 36th, 41st, 47th, 51st, and 52nd. Two districts, the 30th and the 44th, had two incumbents running against each other.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California
This was the first election using congressional districts drawn by the California Citizens Redistricting Commission. The districts, based on the 2010 United States Census, were approved on August 15, 2011. It was also the first non-special election to use the nonpartisan blanket primary system established by Proposition 14. As a result, eight districts featured general elections with two candidates of the same party: the 15th, 30th, 35th, 40th, 43rd, and 44th with two Democrats; and the 8th and 31st with two Republicans.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 1
The 1st district is based in inland Northern California and includes Chico and Redding. Republican Wally Herger, who represented the 2nd district from 1987 to 2013, retired.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 2
The 2nd district is based in California's North Coast and includes Marin County and Eureka. Democrat Lynn Woolsey, who represented the 6th district from 1993 to 2013, retired.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 3
The 3rd district is based in north central California and includes Davis, Fairfield, and Yuba City. Democrat John Garamendi, who represented the 10th district from 2009 to 2013, won reelection here.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 4
The 4th district is based in east central California and includes Lake Tahoe, Roseville, and Yosemite National Park. Republican Tom McClintock, who has represented the 4th district since 2009, won reelection here.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 5
The 5th district is based in the North Bay and includes Napa, Santa Rosa, and Vallejo. Democrat Mike Thompson, who represented the 1st district from 1999 to 2013, won reelection here.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 6
The 6th district is based in north central California and includes Sacramento. Democrat Doris Matsui, who represented the 5th district from 2005 to 2013, won reelection here.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 7
The 7th district is based in north central California and includes eastern Sacramento County. Republican Dan Lungren, who represented the 3rd district from 2005 to 2013 and previously served from 1979 until 1989, lost reelection here to Democrat Ami Bera. In May 2016, Babulal Bera, Ami Bera's father, pleaded guilty to two felony counts of election fraud affecting the 2010 and 2012 elections, and was convicted of illegally funneling $250,000 to Bera's campaigns between 2010 and 2012.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 8
The 8th district is based in the eastern High Desert and includes Victorville and Yucaipa. Republican Jerry Lewis, who represented the 41st district from 2003 to 2013 and its predecessors since 1983, retired.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 9
The 9th district is based in the Central Valley and includes the San Joaquin Delta and Stockton. Democrat Jerry McNerney, who represented the 11th district from 2007 to 2013, won reelection here.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 10
The 10th district is based in the Central Valley and includes Modesto and Tracy. Democrat Dennis Cardoza, who represented the 18th district from 2003 to 2013, retired. Republican Jeff Denham, who represented the 19th district from 2011 to 2013, won reelection here.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 11
The 11th district is based in the East Bay and includes Concord and Richmond. Democrat George Miller, who represented the 7th district from 1975 to 2013, won reelection here.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 12
The 12th district is based in the Bay Area and includes most of San Francisco. House Democratic Leader and former Speaker Nancy Pelosi, who represented the 8th district from 1993 to 2013 and previously represented the 5th district from 1987 until 1993, won reelection here.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 13
The 13th district is based in the East Bay and includes Berkeley and Oakland. Democrat Barbara Lee, who represented the 9th district from 1998 to 2013, won reelection here.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 14
The 14th district is based in the Bay Area and includes most of San Mateo County. Democrat Jackie Speier, who represented the 12th district from 2008 to 2013, won reelection here.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 15
The 15th district is based in the East Bay and includes Hayward and Livermore. Democrat Pete Stark, who represented the 13th district from 1993 to 2013 and its predecessors since 1973, lost reelection here to fellow Democrat Eric Swalwell.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 16
The 16th district is based in the Central Valley and includes Fresno and Merced. Democrat Jim Costa, who represented the 20th district from 2005 to 2013, won reelection here.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 17
The 17th district is based in the Bay Area and includes Sunnyvale, Cupertino, Santa Clara, Fremont, and Milpitas. Democrat Mike Honda, who represented the 15th district from 2001 to 2013, won reelection here.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 18
The 18th district is based in the Bay Area and includes Palo Alto, Redwood City, and Saratoga. Democrat Anna Eshoo, who represented the 14th district from 1993 to 2013, won reelection here.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 19
The 19th district is based in the South Bay and includes most of San Jose. Democrat Zoe Lofgren, who represented the 16th district from 1995 to 2013, won reelection here.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 20
The 20th district is based in the Central Coast and includes Monterey and Santa Cruz. Democrat Sam Farr, who represented the 17th district from 1993 to 2013, won reelection here.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 21
The 21st district is based in the Central Valley and includes Hanford and parts of Bakersfield. The district had no incumbent.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 22
The 22nd district is based in the Central Valley and includes Clovis, Tulare, and Visalia. Republican Devin Nunes, who represented the 21st district from 2003 to 2013, won reelection here.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 23
The 23rd district is based in the southern Central Valley and includes parts of Bakersfield. House Majority Whip and Republican Kevin McCarthy, who represented the 22nd district from 2007 to 2013, won reelection here.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 24
The 24th district is based in the Central Coast and includes San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara. Democrat Lois Capps, who represented California's 23rd congressional district from 2003 to 2013 and the 22nd district from 1998 to 2003, won reelection here.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 25
The 25th district is based in northern Los Angeles County and includes Palmdale and Santa Clarita. Republican Howard "Buck" McKeon, who has represented the 25th district since 1993, won reelection here.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 26
The 26th district is based in the southern Central Coast and includes Oxnard and Thousand Oaks. Republican Elton Gallegly, who represented the 24th district from 2003 to 2013 and its predecessors since 1987, retired.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 27
The 27th district is based in the San Gabriel Foothills and includes Alhambra and Pasadena. Democrat Judy Chu, who represented the 32nd district from 2009 to 2013, won reelection here.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 28
The 28th district is based in the northern Los Angeles suburbs and includes Burbank and Glendale as well as parts of central Los Angeles. Democrat Adam Schiff, who represented the 29th district from 2003 to 2013 and the 27th district from 2001 to 2003, won reelection here.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 29
The 29th district is based in the northeastern San Fernando Valley. The district had no incumbent.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 30
The 30th district is based in the western San Fernando Valley and includes Sherman Oaks. Democrat Brad Sherman, who represented the 27th district from 2003 to 2013 and the 24th district from 1997 to 2003, defeated fellow Democrat Howard Berman, who represented the 28th district from 2003 to 2013 and the 26th district from 1983 to 2003. The campaign was one of the most expensive in the nation.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 31
The 31st district is based in the Inland Empire and includes San Bernardino and Rancho Cucamonga. Republicans David Dreier, who represented the 26th district from 2003 to 2013 and its predecessors since 1981, and Jerry Lewis, who represented the 41st district from 2003 to 2013 and its predecessors since 1979, retired. Republican Gary Miller, who represented the 42nd district from 2003 to 2013 and the 41st district from 1999 to 2003, won reelection here.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 32
The 32nd district is based in the San Gabriel Valley and includes El Monte and West Covina. Republican David Dreier, who represented the 26th district from 2003 to 2013 and its predecessors since 1978, retired. Democrat Grace Napolitano, who represented the 38th district from 2003 to 2013 and the 34th district from 1999 to 2003, won reelection here.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 33
The 33rd district is based in coastal Los Angeles County and includes Beverly Hills and Santa Monica. Democrat Henry Waxman, who represented the 30th district from 2003 to 2013 and the 24th and 29th districts from 1975 to 1993 and 1993 to 2003 respectively, won reelection here.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 34
The 34th district is based in central Los Angeles and includes Chinatown and Downtown Los Angeles. Democrat Xavier Becerra, who represented the 31st district from 2003 to 2013 and the 30th district from 1993 to 2003, won reelection here.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 35
The 35th district is based in the Inland Empire and includes Fontana, Ontario, and Pomona. Democrat Joe Baca, who represented the 43rd district from 2003 to 2013 and the 42nd district from 1999 to 2003, lost reelection here to fellow Democrat Gloria Negrete McLeod.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 36
The 36th district is based in eastern Riverside County and includes Palm Springs. Republican Mary Bono Mack, who represented the 45th district from 2003 to 2013 and the 44th district from 1998 to 2003, lost reelection here to Democrat Raul Ruiz.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 37
The 37th district is based in West Los Angeles and includes Crenshaw and Culver City. Democrat Karen Bass, who represented the 33rd district from 2011 to 2013, won reelection here.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 38
The 38th district is based in the eastern Los Angeles suburbs and includes Norwalk and Whittier. Democrat Linda Sánchez, who represented the 39th district from 2003 to 2013, won reelection here.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 39
The 39th district straddles the Los Angeles–Orange county border and includes Chino Hills, Diamond Bar, and Fullerton. Republican Ed Royce, who represented the 40th district from 2003 to 2013 and the 39th district from 1993 to 2003, won reelection here. Democrat Jay Chen did much better than previous Royce opponents among the Asian American community, earning 62% of the overall Asian American vote, and 95% of the Chinese American vote.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 40
The 40th district is based in central Los Angeles County and includes Downey and East Los Angeles. Democrat Lucille Roybal-Allard, who represented the 34th district from 2003 to 2013 and the 33rd district from 1993 to 2003, won reelection here.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 41
The 41st district is based in the Inland Empire and includes Moreno Valley, Perris, and Riverside. The district had no incumbent.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 42
The 42nd district is based in the Inland Empire and includes Corona and Murrieta. Republican Ken Calvert, who represented the 44th district from 2003 to 2013 and the 43rd district from 1993 to 2003, won reelection here.


2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Districts, District 43
The 43rd district is based in South Los Angeles and includes Hawthorne and Inglewood. Democrat Maxine Waters, who represented the 35th district from 1993 to 2013 and the 29th district from 1991 to 1993, won reelection here.