2012 in arthropod paleontology, Trilobites
A member of the family Olenidae. The type species is "Olenus" humilis Phillips (1848); genus also includes "Sphaerophthalmus" majusculus Linnarsson (1880) and T. major (Lake, 1913).


2012 in arthropod paleontology, Trilobites
A member of the family Ignotogregatidae. Genus includes W. trapezoidalis (Lin, 1984).


2012 in arthropod paleontology, Trilobites
A member of the family Solenopleuridae. Genus includes new species Y. latus.


2012 in arthropod paleontology, Trilobites
A member of the family Ptychopariidae. Genus includes new species Z. subcylindrica.


2012 in arthropod paleontology, Trilobites
A member of the family Crepicephalidae. Genus includes new species Z. brevispinosa.


2012 in arthropod paleontology, Trilobites
A member of the family Leiostegiidae. Genus includes Zichuanaspis acerius (Walcott, 1905) and Z. catinus (Resser & Endo in Endo & Resser, 1937), as well as new species Z. yangjiazhuangensis and possibly Z? latilimbata.


2012 in arthropod paleontology, Others
A possible member of Xandarellida. The type species is Luohuilinella rarus.


2012 in arthropod paleontology, Others
A bivalved arthropod, one of the basalmost known arthropods. The type species is Nereocaris exilis.


2012 in arthropod paleontology, Others
An arthropod of uncertain phylogenetic affinities, a probable tracemaker of Arthrophycus alleghaniensis trace fossils. The type species is Pleuralata spinosa.


2012 in arthropod paleontology, Others
A member of Leperditicopida (a group of arthropods of uncertain affinities, classified as ostracods or excluded from this group by different authors), a species of Sinoleperditia.


2012 in association football
The following are the association football events of the year 2012 throughout the world.


2012 in association football, 2011–12 Egyptian Premier League
The 2011–2012 season, the league increased from 16 to 19 teams due to no relegation in the 2010–11 season as a result of the 2011 Egyptian revolution. Three teams were promoted from the second division.


2012 in association football, 2011–12 Egyptian Premier League
Following the Port Said Stadium disaster on 1 February 2012, the season was suspended. At that time, teams had played between 14 and 17 games out of 30. Haras El-Hodood was in first place with a 12–1–1 record. This result was considered a significant surprise by Al Ahram. On 10 March 2012, a decision was reached to cancel the remainder of the season.


2012 in association football, Fixed dates for national team matches
Scheduled international matches per their International Match Calendar. Also known as FIFA International Day/Date(s).


2012 in baseball
The following are the baseball events of the year 2012  throughout the world.


2012 in basketball
The following are the basketball events of the year 2012  throughout the world.


2012 in basketball
Tournaments include international (FIBA), professional (club) and amateur and collegiate levels.


2012 in basketball, Professional club seasons, Domestic league seasons for Men
* *Includes one team each from Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Latvia. The highest ranking team is also named as the Russian champions.


2012 in chess
Below is a list of events in chess in the year 2012:


2012 in classical music, New works
According to the League of American Orchestras, North American orchestras premiered 165 new works in the 2012–13 season.


2012 in comics
Notable events of 2012 in comics. See also List of years in comics. This is a list of comics-related events in 2012. It includes any relevant comics-related events, deaths of notable comics-related people, conventions and first issues by title.


2012 in country music
This is a list of notable events in country music that took place in 2012.


2012 in country music, Top hits of the year
The following songs placed within the Top 20 on the Hot Country Songs, Country Airplay or Canada Country charts in 2012:


2012 in country music, Top new album releases
The following albums placed within the Top 50 on the Top Country Albums charts in 2012:


2012 in country music, Major awards, CMT Music Awards
CMT Artists of the Year (presented December 9 in Nashville)


2012 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series
The Rock Band series of music video games supports downloadable songs for the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and Wii versions through the consoles' respective online services. Users can download songs on a track-by-track basis, with many of the tracks also offered as part of a "song pack" or complete album at a discounted rate. These packs are available for the Wii only on Rock Band 3. Most downloadable songs are playable within every game mode, including the Band World Tour career mode.


2012 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series
All downloadable songs released before October 26, 2010 are cross-compatible between Rock Band, Rock Band 2 and Rock Band 3, while those after only work with Rock Band 3. All songs that are available to Rock Band 3 will be playable in Rock Band Blitz. Certain songs deemed "suitable for all ages" by Harmonix are also available for use in Lego Rock Band.


2012 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series
The Wii version of Rock Band does not support downloadable content, but Rock Band 2 and Rock Band 3 do, with DLC first made available in January 2009. Songs from the back catalogue of downloadable content were released for the Wii weekly in an effort by Harmonix to provide Wii players with every previously available song.


2012 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series
Following the release of Rock Band 4 for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, all previously purchased downloadable content for Rock Band 3 and earlier is forward compatible (with the exception of any downloadable content purchased for The Beatles: Rock Band) within the same system family at no additional cost.


2012 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series, List of songs released in 2012
The following table lists the available songs for the Rock Band series released in 2012. All songs available in packs are also available as individual song downloads on the same date, unless otherwise noted. New songs are released on Tuesdays for Xbox Live, PlayStation Network, and Nintendo WFC, unless otherwise noted. Dates listed are the initial release of songs on Xbox Live. Starting May 20, 2008, all downloadable songs are available in both the North American and European markets, unless otherwise noted.


2012 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series, List of songs released in 2012
As of October 2009, over 800 songs have been made available as downloadable content (DLC). As of October 19, 2009, over 60 million downloadable song purchases have been made by players. The following is a list of the songs that have been released in 2012.


2012 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series, List of songs released in 2012
Some songs released before Rock Band 3 have been retrofitted to include Rock Band 3 features, including backing vocals, and the ability to buy an additional pack for Pro Guitar/Bass charts without having to buy the "RB3 Version" of the song. Certain songs have been marked "family friendly" by Harmonix; such songs released before Rock Band 3's launch on October 26, 2010 can be played in Lego Rock Band.


2012 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series, List of songs released in 2012
Since October 26, 2010 (with The Doors Pack 01), all new songs are only playable in Rock Band 3, due to a change in the file format. All songs released via downloadable content are playable in Rock Band 3, and support its new Pro Drum mode. Most songs released for Rock Band 3 include core features for keyboards, Pro Keyboards, and backing vocals in the core song, where they are appropriate. Additionally, some of these songs features charts for Pro Guitar and Bass that can also be purchased.


2012 in film
2012 in film is an overview of events, including the highest-grossing films, award ceremonies, critics' lists of the best films of 2012, festivals, a list of country-specific lists of films released, and notable deaths. Most notably, the two oldest surviving American film studios, Universal and Paramount both celebrated their centennial anniversaries, marking the first time that two major film studios celebrate 100 years, and the Dolby Atmos sound format was launched for the premiere of Brave. The James Bond film series celebrated its 50th anniversary and released its 23rd film, Skyfall.


2012 in film
Six box-office blockbusters from previous years (Beauty and the Beast, Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace, Titanic, Raiders of the Lost Ark, Finding Nemo, and Monsters, Inc.) were re-released in 3D and IMAX. Also, the year marked the debut for high frame rate technology. The first film using 48 F.P.S., a higher frame rate than the film industry standard 24 F.P.S., was The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey.


2012 in film, Evaluation of the year
Richard Brody of The New Yorker said, "2012 has been a good year for Hollywood and off-Hollywood. Note, once more, the remarkable Hollywood nexus of the Gotham and Independent Spirit nominees, as the path of independent financing becomes ever more significant for filmmakers whose work doesn’t fit into franchise formatting. And that’s a good thing, from the perspective of filmmaking—whether it means that directors and actors share producers’ risks in getting their work made, or that complicit producers give a director's vision free rein. But the latter notion makes some critics uneasy.


2012 in film, Evaluation of the year
There's an undercurrent of thought—one rooted in an antiquated and nostalgic vision of a halcyon classic Hollywood that supposedly both reached the masses and made modest and un-self-conscious art—that looks to producers to restrain the idiosyncrasies of directors and fit them into a readily marketable package of popular appeal. These critics yearn for the adversarial relationship of producer and director, seeing the producer as the supporter of democratic values and the director as a sort of egomaniacal élitist who, unrestrained, would spend someone else's money frivolously to make a movie that would please himself and his friends.


2012 in film, Evaluation of the year
Of course, that relationship becomes adversarial only if the producer doesn't see himself as a sort of benefactor, a patron of the arts whose very role is to finance and to foster individual expression—and, as ever, it all depends on who the individual is and what the nature of the vision is. It's fairly obvious that strong producers improve films made by mediocre directors but often constrain or dilute the distinctiveness and individuality of the work of good ones.


2012 in film, Evaluation of the year
There is a political agenda hidden within the critics’ aesthetic preference for the strong hand of the producer, as critics demagogically put themselves in the position of defenders of the people—defending them from radical outliers and finding popular tastes with which to align themselves. It's another case of left and right agreeing without common ground and leading to bad policy—and, in this case, bad art." In August 2012 BFI announced their 2012 Sight & Sound Greatest films of all Time survey which was topped for the first time by Vertigo.


2012 in film, Highest-grossing films
The top 10 films released in 2012 by worldwide gross are as follows:


2012 in film, Highest-grossing films
The Avengers grossed over $1.5 billion and it became the third highest-grossing film of all time. Skyfall, The Dark Knight Rises, and The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey have each grossed over $1 billion, making them among the highest-grossing films of all time.


2012 in film, 2012 films
The list of films released in 2012, arranged by country, are as follows:


2012 in fish paleontology
This list of fossil fish species is a list of taxa of fish that have been described during the year 2012. The list only includes taxa at the level of genus or species.


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named jawless vertebrates
A eugaleaspidiform galeaspid. Its type species is Dunyu longiforus; genus also contains "Eugaleaspis" xiushanensis Liu 1983.


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named jawless vertebrates
A new genus of Osteostraci including the type species "Cephalaspis" pagei Lankester, 1868 and new species J. newtonensis and J. punctata.


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named acanthodians
An ischnacanthiform, possibly an ischnacanthid. The type species is Podoliacanthus zychi; also contains three yet unnamed species.


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named cartilaginous fishes
A chondrichthyan of indeterminate phylogenetic relationships. The type species is Cromhallia parvunda.


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named cartilaginous fishes
A selachimorph, a new genus for "Polyacrodus" holwellensis (Duffin, 1998).


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named cartilaginous fishes
A shark related to Pseudocorax; a replacement name for Paracorax Cappetta (1977).


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named cartilaginous fishes
A member of Anacoracidae; a replacement name for Microcorax Cappetta & Case (1975).


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named cartilaginous fishes
A member of Chlamydoselachidae; a replacement name for Thrinax Pfeil (1983).


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named cartilaginous fishes
A ptychotrygonid, possibly a relative of sclerorhynchids; a species of Ptychotrygonoides.


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named cartilaginous fishes
A gnathostome of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a possible cartilaginous fish. The type species is Tantalepis gatehousei.


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
A member of Myctophiformes of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a species of Bavariscopelus.


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
A polypterid actinopterygian, a new genus for "Polypterus" bartheli (Schaal, 1984).


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
A tristichopterid sarcopterygian. The type species is Bruehnopteron murphyi. The species was argued by Parfitt et al. (2014) to be likely junior synonym of Tinirau clackae.


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
A lophiid anglerfish, a new genus for "Lophius" brachysomus (Agassiz).


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
A member of Gonostomatidae. The type species is Cyclogonostoma disciformis.


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
A member of Myctophiformes of uncertain phylogenetic placement; a new genus for "genus Myctophidarum" schnetleri Schwarzhans (2003).


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
An eel, possibly a member of Moringuidae. The type species is Deutschenchelys micklichi.


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
A pupfish; a new genus for "Prolebias" meridionalis Gaudant (1978).


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
A relative of Valencia; a new genus for "Prolebias" delphinensis Gaudant (1989) and "Lebias" aymardi Sauvage (1869).


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
A surgeonfish; a new genus for "Pesciarichthys" baldwinae Sorbini & Tyler (1998).


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
A member of Percoidei. The type species is Frippia labroiformis.


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
A close relative of centriscids. The type species is Gerpegezhus paviai.


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
A clupeid fish. Genus contains two species: Illusionella tsurevica and Illusionella pshekhensis. The genus Illusionella was subsequently synonymized with the genus Sarmatella Menner (1949) by Baykina (2013); however, Baykina kept the species I. tsurevica and I. pshekhensis as valid, distinct species within the genus Sarmatella.


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
A member of Zeiformes of uncertain phylogenetic placement, related to the family Parazenidae; a species of Isozen.


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
A member of Berycidae. The type species is Kressenbergichthys kuhni.


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
A semionotiform. The type species is Macrosemimimus fegerti; "Lepidotes" lennieri (Sauvage, 1893) is a second species of Macrosemimimus.


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
Schwarzhans, Scofield, Tennyson & T. Worthy in Schwarzhans et al.


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
An eleotrid. Contains M. bictenatus, M. procerus, M. rhinoceros, and M. taurinus


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
A member of Pycnodontiformes; a replacement name for Camposichthys Figueiredo & Silva Santos (1991).


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
A member of Chanidae. The type species is Nanaichthys longipinnus.


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
A member of Elopidae. The type species is Nardoelops nybelini.


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
Originally described as a member of Merlucciidae and a possible species of Palaeogadus. Subsequently reinterpreted as a stem gadiform of uncertain familial affinities and transferred to the genus Archaemacruroides by Schwarzhans & Stringer (2020).


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
A characiform, probably a characid. The genus contains two species: Paleotetra entrecorregos and Paleotetra aiuruoca.


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
A probable relative of Platysomus and other platysomids. The type species is Paranaichthys longianalis.


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
A member of the family Pantodontidae. The type species is P. kalassyi.


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
A member of Gonostomatidae. The type species is Progonostoma primordialis; genus also contains Progonostoma hagni.


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
A member of Palaeonisciformes belonging to the family Canobiidae; a replacement name for Marquesia Schaeffer (1990).


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
A member of Percoidei of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Squamibolcoides minciottii.


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
A thoracopterid peltopleuriform, a species of Thoracopterus. The species might be synonymous with the species Potanichthys xingyiensis Xu et al. (2013).


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
An eotetrapodiform tetrapodomorph related to the clade Elpistostegalia or a tristichopterid. The type species is Tinirau clackae.


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
A basal member of Tetrapodomorpha. The type species is Tungsenia paradoxa.


2012 in fish paleontology, Newly named bony fishes
A close relative of Aipichthyoides and Aspesaipichthys, more distantly related to Aipichthys. The type species is Zoqueichthys carolinae.


2012 in games
This page lists board and card games, wargames, miniatures games, and tabletop role-playing games published in 2012. For video games, see 2012 in video gaming.


2012 in golf
This article summarizes the highlights of professional and amateur golf in the year 2012.


2012 in golf, Men's professional golf
FedEx Cup playoff events - see 2012 FedEx Cup Playoffs


2012 in golf, Men's professional golf
For a complete list of PGA Tour results see 2012 PGA Tour.


2012 in golf, Men's professional golf
For a complete list of European Tour results see 2012 European Tour.


2012 in golf, Women's professional golf
Ladies European Tour major (in addition to the Women's British Open)


2012 in golf, Women's professional golf
For a complete list of Ladies European Tour results see 2012 Ladies European Tour.


2012 in golf, Women's professional golf
For a complete list of LPGA Tour results, see 2012 LPGA Tour.


2012 in golf, World Golf Hall of Fame inductees
The 2013 class was announced starting in September 2012 with induction set for May 2013:


2012 in golf, Table of results
This table summarizes all the results referred to above in date order.


2012 in golf, Table of results
The following biennial events will next be played in 2013: Solheim Cup, Walker Cup, Presidents Cup, Seve Trophy, World Cup.


2012 in handball
The following are the handball events of the year 2012 throughout the world. Tournaments include international, professional (club), youth and amateur levels.


2012 in heavy metal music
This is a timeline documenting the events of heavy metal in the year 2012.


2012 in hip hop music
This article summarizes the events, album releases, and album release dates in hip hop music for the year 2012.


2012 in home video
The following films, television shows and miniseries were released on Blu-ray Disc and/or DVD on the following dates in 2012 in the United States and Canada. Specific details are subject to change.


2012 in jazz
This is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 2012.


2012 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 2012.


2012 in mammal paleontology
This article records new taxa of fossil mammals of every kind that have been described during the year 2012, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of mammals that occurred in the year 2012.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Newly named non-eutherian mammals
A marsupial, a member of Paucituberculata, a species of Abderites.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Newly named non-eutherian mammals
A peramuran mammal, a new genus for the species originally named Spalacotherium minus Owen 1871.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Newly named non-eutherian mammals
A metatherian closely related to Swaindelphys and Herpetotheriidae, a species of Thylacodon.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A pseudosciurid rodent. Originally described as a species of Ailuravus, but subsequently made the type species of a separate genus Auroremys.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A caviomorph rodent related to dasyproctids. The type species is Andemys termasi.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A plesiadapiform, a relative of Uintasorex. The type species is Bartelsia pentadactyla.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A macroscelidean. The type species is Berrulestes phelizoni; the other species are B. pellouini and B. poirieri.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A replacement name for the condylarth genus Bomburia Van Valen, 1978.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A zhelestid, a new genus for "Sorlestes" kara (Nessov, 1993).


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A caviomorph rodent. Genus contains two species: Cachiyacuy contamanensis and Cachiyacuy kummeli.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A member of Hystricognathi, a cavioid rodent; a species of Chubutomys.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A suid, a species of Dasychoerus (considered by some authors to be a subgenus of the genus Sus).


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
An oryzomyine sigmodontine rodent. The type species is Dushimys larsi.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A member of Macroscelidea. The type species is Eotmantsoius perseverans.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A caviomorph rodent related to chinchillids, a species of Eoviscaccia.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
An isectolophid tapiromorph. Its species are G. minor and G. robustus.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A talpid. Originally described as a species of Geotrypus; subsequently transferred to the separate genus Tegulariscaptor.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A macroscelidean. The type species is Gigarton meyeri; the other species are G. sigogneauae and G. louisi.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A replacement name for the primate genus Indusius Gunnell, Gingerich, Ul-Haw, Bloch, Kahn and Clyde, 2008.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
An ailuropodine bear, a new genus for "Agriarctos" beatrix Abella, Montoya & Morales (2011).


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A baleen whale belonging to the family Cetotheriidae. The type species is Kurdalagonus mchedlidzei. Tarasenko & Lopatin (2012) originally assigned the new species K. adygeicus, as well as the species "Cetotherium" maicopicum Spasskii, 1951 to the genus Kurdalagonus as well; however, Gol'din & Startsev (2016) excluded K. adygeicus from the genus and stated that "C." maicopicum requires further research to determine its phylogenetic affinities.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
An earless seal. Dewaele, Lambert & Louwye (2017) considered this species to be nomen dubium.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A member of Palaeotheriidae. A new genus for "Anchilophus" dumasi; genus also contains "Anchilophus" radegondensis, "Anchilophus" gaudini (including new subspecies Metanchilophus gaudini fontensis) and "Anchilophus" depereti, as well as new species Metanchilophus castrensis and Metanchilophus chaubeti.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A neobalaenid (a relative of pygmy right whale). The type species is Miocaperea pulchra.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A plesiadapiform, a possible member of Microsyopidae. The type species is Nanomomys thermophilus.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A rodent, a member of Hystricognathi; a new genus for "Phiomys" paraphiomyoides Wood, 1968.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A shrew, a species of Nesiotites. Argued by different authors to be either a probable junior synonym of Nesiotites ponsi or a valid and distinct species.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A proboscidean, a relative of Barytherium. The type species is Omanitherium dhofarensis.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
An astegotheriine dasypodid armadillo. The type species is Parastegosimpsonia peruana; genus might contain a second, yet-unnamed species.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A phyllotine sigmodontine rodent. The type species is Pardinamys humahuaquensis.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A rodent, a member of Hystricognathi; a species of Phiocricetomys.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
An odd-toed ungulate, an eggysodontine rhinocerotoid. The type species is Proeggysodon qiui.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A macroscelidean, a new genus for "Louisina" atavella (Russell, 1964).


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
An armadillo of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Pucatherium parvum.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A feline felid. Originally described as a species of Styriofelis, but subsequently transferred to the separate genus Leptofelis.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A replacement name for the primate genus Sulaimania Gunnell, Gingerich, Ul-Haw, Bloch, Kahn and Clyde, 2008.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A peccary. The type species is Sylvochoerus woodburnei. Gasparini et al. (2021) considered S. woodburnei to be a junior synonym of the white-lipped peccary.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
An omomyid primate, a species of Teilhardina. Considered to be a junior synonym of Teilhardina brandti by Morse et al. (2019).


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A cetotheriid baleen whale belonging to the subfamily Herpetocetinae. The type species is Vampalus sayasanicus from Chechnya; genus also contains "Cetotherium" helmerseni Brandt, 1871 from Krasnodar Krai.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A vole, a new genus for the species "Allophaiomys" chalinei.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A macroscelidean. The type species is Walbeckodon krumbiegeli; the second species is Walbeckodon girardi.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A peccary. The type species is Waldochoerus bassleri. Gasparini et al. (2021) considered W. bassleri to be a junior synonym of the collared peccary.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
An eomysticetid baleen whale. The type species is Yamatocetus canaliculatus.


2012 in mammal paleontology, Eutherians, New taxa
A member of Cingulata of uncertain phylogenetic placement, similar to Machlydotherium and Eocoleophorus. The type species is Paleogene (?Eocene) Yuruatherium tropicalis; genus also contains Eocene (Mustersan) "Machlydotherium" intortum Ameghino.


2012 in mixed martial arts events
The year 2012 has seen champions retain their belt, new champions crowned and new promotions begin their campaigns. As of March 30, 2012, the Ultimate Fighting Championship has held seven events with another fourteen so far reported to be held throughout the rest of the year. Bellator Fighting Championship began its sixth season containing tournaments in five different weight classes. A new Indian promotion, Super Fight League, arrived on the scene in 2012 with seven events scheduled throughout the year.


2012 in mixed martial arts events, British Association of Mixed Martial Arts
The British Association of Mixed Martial Arts (BAMMA) held its first 2012 event, BAMMA 9, on March 24, 2012. It was held at the National Indoor Arena in Birmingham, England. In the main event BAMMA World Middleweight Champion Tom Watson faced Jack Marshman. Watson won his title from Matt Horwich at BAMMA 3 in May, 2010, and has since defended it three twice against Alex Reid and Murilo Rua. Marshman is the reigning, and first, BAMMA British Middleweight Champion winning it at BAMMA 7 in September, 2011, after defeating Carl Noon. In this bout, Watson defended his title by defeating Jack Marshman at 4:50 of the second round by technical knockout.


2012 in mixed martial arts events, Jewels
Jewels, the female mixed martial arts promotion, held its first event of the year, Jewels: 18th Ring, on March 3, 2012, at the Shin-Kiba 1st Ring in Tokyo, Japan. The main event saw Mika Nagano face Emi Fujino in a lightweight (52 kilograms (115 lb)) fight consisting of two five-minute rounds using Jewels official rules. The fight went the full two rounds with Fujino earning a unanimous decision victory. Takayo Hashi and Roxanne Modafferi fought each other in the co-main event. Both ladies in the past had fought for the Strikeforce Women's Bantamweight Championship and were also past training partners. The fight was contested under Jewels special rules as a 58 kilograms (128 lb) fight of two five-minute rounds. Hashi defeated Modafferi by unanimous decision after the two rounds were completed.


2012 in mixed martial arts events, Jewels
Jewels next event, Jewels: 19th Ring, is expected to be held on May 26, 2012, at the Azalea Taisho Hall in Osaka, Japan. The full fight card for the event has yet to be announced, but it has been revealed that the undefeated Jewels Lightweight Queens Champion Ayaka Hamasaki will face MMA veteran and former Smackgirl champion Yuka Tsuji.


2012 in mixed martial arts events, Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki
On February 25, 2012, Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki (KSW) held its first event, KSW 18: Unfinished Sympathy, at the Orlen Arena in Płock, Poland. Initially, Marcin Różalski was to face Jerome Le Banner in a non-main event fight. A knee injury forced Le Banner off the card and with only two days notice Valentijn Overeem stepped in as a replacement. With the Strikeforce veteran Overeem on the card, the fight was promoted to the main event. Overeem defeated Różalski by submission with a heel hook at 2:25 of the first round. The original main event of Jan Blachowicz fighting Dave Branch changed when Branch had passport issues in the days leading up to the event. He was replaced by Mario Miranda. Blachowicz defeated Miranda by unanimous decision after three rounds of combat.


2012 in mixed martial arts events, Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki
KSW 19 was held on May 12, 2012, at the Atlas Arena in Łódź, Poland. The main event featured former World's Strongest Man Mariusz Pudzianowski facing Bob Sapp who was coming off a quick loss at SFL 1. Also on the card was the first ever woman's match in KSW when Marta Chojnoska faced Paulina Suska in a 55 kilograms (121 lb) catchweight bout. The vacant KSW Middleweight Championship was given to the winner of a match between Michał Materla and Jay Silva.


2012 in mixed martial arts events, Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki
KSW 20 was held on September 15, with Mariusz Pudzianowski defeating Christos Piliafas and Jan Błachowicz successfully defending the Light Heavyweight Championship against Houston Alexander.


2012 in mixed martial arts events, M-1 Global
The first event of 2012 for M-1 Global was M-1 Challenge 31 held on March 16, 2012 at the Ice Palace in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The event included a welterweight championship bout with Yasubey Enomoto unsuccessfully defending his title against Rashid Magomedov. Magomedov won the fight by unanimous decision. On May 17, 2012, M-1 Challenge 32 is expected to be held at the Crocus Expo arena in Moscow, Russia. The event will include a Lightweight Championship bout in which Daniel Weichel will attempt to defend his title against Yuri Ivlev.


2012 in mixed martial arts events, Maximum Fighting Championship
Maximum Fighting Championship started off the year with MFC 32: Bitter Rivals on January 27, 2012, at the Mayfield Inn Trade and Conference Centre in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The main event consisted of bout between UFC veteran Wilson Gouveia and Dwayne Lewis that was scheduled to be for five five-minute rounds. Following about a round and a half of kicks to Lewis' legs, Gouveia took Lewis down to the mat and earned a technical knockout victory at 3:19 of the second round. In the hours prior to the event Antonio McKee was stripped of his MFC Lightweight Championship after he failed to make weight. He still went on to fight Brian Cobb who was originally schedule to fight for the championship. After three rounds of fighting, McKee defeated Cobb by unanimous decision.


2012 in mixed martial arts events, Maximum Fighting Championship
MFC 33: Collision Course took place on May 4, 2012, at the Mayfield Inn Trade and Conference Centre in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. In the main event, Nathan Coy defeated Ryan McGillivray to win the vacant MFC Welterweight Championship


2012 in mixed martial arts events, Maximum Fighting Championship
MFC 34: Total Recall took place on August 10, 2012 at the Mayfield Inn Trade and Conference Centre in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The main event was expected to feature a rematch between Adam Lynn and Mukai Maromo for the vacant MFC Lightweight Championship. However, Lynn missed weight at the weigh in, thus relegating their five-round title fight, to a three-round non-title affair. UFC veteran Tim Hague retired after this event.


2012 in mixed martial arts events, ONE Fighting Championship
In its second year of existence, ONE Fighting Championship (ONE FC) has plans to hold at least eight events across Asia. Its second ever event, Battle of Heroes, on February 11, 2012, at The BritAma Arena in Jakarta, Indonesia. The event's five fight preliminary card was streamed free at the ONE FC website and through Facebook. The five fight main card was available for purchase through Ustream. The main event consisted of a lightweight fight between Ole Laursen and Felipe Enomoto.


2012 in mixed martial arts events, ONE Fighting Championship
For Laursen, a former K-1 kickboxing competitor, this event would be his return to MMA fighting after more than a year due to injuries. The fight ended in a victory for Enomoto when he submitted Laursen with a rear-naked choke at 3:49 of the second round. Another fight that was highly touted by ONE FC, including one of the fighters being the center of the event poster, was a super heavyweight fight between Rolles Gracie Jr. and Bob Sapp.


2012 in mixed martial arts events, ONE Fighting Championship
This fight would mark the first of a string of MMA fights in 2012 for Sapp that are scheduled to occur in quick succession. Reports suggested that Sapp would likely weigh in for this bout at 350 pounds (160 kg). The result of the fight was a loss for Sapp when he submitted to punches from Gracie at 1:18 of the first round.


2012 in mixed martial arts events, ONE Fighting Championship
On March 31, 2012, War of the Lions was held at the Singapore Indoor Stadium in Kallang, Singapore, which had sold out all 8,000 of its seats. The event was streamed in its entirety over YouTube. In the main event, Felipe Enomoto, coming off his victory at the previous ONE FC event, faced Zorobabel Moreira. Moreira, a Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu World Champion, submitted Enomoto with an armbar at 1:04 of the third round.


2012 in mixed martial arts events, ONE Fighting Championship
In another fight, Ole Laursen, who was Enomoto's opponent at ONE FC's last main event, went the full three five-minute rounds with Eduard Folayang in what was reported to be an exciting match. The match ended in a split decision in favor of Laursen and resulted in calls for a rematch between the pair.


2012 in mixed martial arts events, ONE Fighting Championship
ONE FC's next event took place on June 23, 2012, at the Stadium Negara in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. In the main event former Strikeforce Light Heavyweight Champion Renato Sobral submitted DREAM veteran Tatsuya Mizuno in only 31 seconds. In the co-main event Zorobabel Moreira knocked out former UFC standout Roger Huerta with a vicious soccer kick late in the second round. Leandro Issa defeated longtime Japanese journeyman Masakazu Imanari and Gregor Gracie lost a close decision to Adam Kayoom.


2012 in mixed martial arts events, ONE Fighting Championship
ONE was also held on August 31, 2012 at the Smart Araneta Coliseum in Manila, Philippines was scored a successful debut in the fight capital of Asia, Manila, with ONE FC: PRIDE OF A NATION. The largest event held in the Philippines proved to be a night of explosive action with a series of world class MMA battles . Local heroes Eduard Folayang and Eric Kelly fought their way to victory in front of a roaring home crowd.


2012 in mixed martial arts events, ONE Fighting Championship
MMA fans were treated to the sensational debut of Bibiano “The Flash” Fernandes in the ONE FC cage tonight as he dominated Gustavo Falciroli for three full rounds to take the decision. The packed SMART ARANETA Coliseum also witnessed an unforgettable night of action as Filipino heroes Eduard Folayang and Eric Kelly slugged and maneuvered their way to victory.


2012 in mixed martial arts events, ONE Fighting Championship
Folayang made good use of his infamous spinning back kicks and powerful right hand to control his opponent, Felipe Enomoto,  earning him a unanimous decision at the end of Round 3. Kelly continued to impress fans and spectators in Manila and around the world by defeating MMA legend Jens Pulver by TKO (Punches) in Round 2.


2012 in mixed martial arts events, Super Fight League
Super Fight League (SFL) is a new MMA promotion based in India. It has plans to hold seven events throughout India in its first year of operation. In its inaugural event, held on March 11, there was a quick battle between Bob Sapp and James Thompson during which Sapp was submitted within the opening minutes of the fight.


2012 in mixed martial arts events, Ultimate Fighting Championship
As of September, 2012, the UFC has held twenty-one sanctioned events in the United States, Brazil, Australia, Canada and Sweden.


2012 in modern pentathlon
This article lists the main modern pentathlon events and their results for 2012.


2012 in molluscan paleontology
This list, 2012 in molluscan paleontology, is a list of new taxa of ammonites and other fossil cephalopods, as well as fossil gastropods and bivalves  that have been described during the year 2012.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named ammonites
Note: "Sp nov" means a new species, "Gen nov" means a new genus, "et" means and, "comb nov" means a new combination (a new binomial name created by combining a known species name with a new genus name.)


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named ammonites
A flemingitid ammonite. The type species is B. hermanni; genus also contains "Ophiceras" crassecostatum Welter (1922) and "Ophiceras" tenue Welter (1922).


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named ammonites
A hamulinid. The type species is Bastelia schloegli; genus also contains Bastelia taloirensis.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named ammonites
An ancyloceratoid related to Emericiceras. A new genus for "Ammonites" nodulosus Catullo (1848); genus also contains "Himalayites" laevis Fallot & Termier (1923)


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named ammonites
A hamulinid. A new genus for "Ancyloceras" seringei Astier (1851); genus also contains Garroniceras picteti (Ooster, 1860) and Garroniceras morloti (Ooster, 1860).


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named ammonites
A turrilitid; a replacement name for Klingerella Cooper (1999). The type species is "Turrilites" bicarinatus Kner (1852).


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named ammonites
A ceratitid; a new genus for "Meekoceras" pseudoplanulatum Krafft & Diener (1909).


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named ammonites
An ancyloceratoid related to Emericiceras. The type species is Lepinayceras sandovali; genus also contains new species Lepinayceras rouxelae and Lepinayceras chamateuilensis, as well as "Crioceras" precrassispina Roch (1930) and "Paraspiticeras" groeberi Aguirre-Urreta (1993).


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named ammonites
A psiloceratid ammonite. Genus contains the type species Lepteocaloceras evrardii and possibly also the species Lepteocaloceras ? strictum.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named ammonites
A grammoceratine hildoceratid, a new genus for "Fontannesia" montillanensis Linares and Sandoval (1988).


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named ammonites
A prionitid ammonite. Genus contains two species: Lucasites involutus and L. evolutus.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named ammonites
An arietitoid, a member of Phylloceratida. The type species is Oxyarietites boletzkyi.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named ammonites
A crioceratitid; a new genus for "Crioceras" seitzi Sarkar (1955).


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named ammonites
A hamulinid. The type species is Schaffhauseria schirollii. Originally genus also contained second species Schaffhauseria veveysensis; however, this species was subsequently transferred to the genus Lahonderella.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named ammonites
A lyelliceratid; a replacement name for Stoliczkaia Neumayr (1875). The type species is "Ammonites" dispar d'Orbigny (1851).


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named ammonites
A lytoceratid; a replacement name for Takahashia Matsumoto (1984). The replacement name itself turned out to be preoccupied by Takahashiella Borkhsenius (1964); Hoffmann & Howarth (2015) coined a new replacement name Takahashiceras. The type species is "Takahashia" eureka Matsumoto (1984).


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named ammonites
An arctoceratid. A new genus for "Anasibirites" pluriformis Guex (1978); genus also contains a new species Truempyceras compressum Brühwiler, Bucher & Krystyn (2012).


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named ammonites
A melagathiceratid. The type species is U. popovi. U.s artyomensis is a second species.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Other cephalopods
A member of the family Groenlandibelidae. The type species is C. birkelundae; genus also includes new species C. hornbyense.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Other cephalopods
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2012 in molluscan paleontology, Other cephalopods
A mesohibolitid belemnite, a new genus for "Hibolites" gagricus Shvetsov (1913) and a few other species.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A member of Goniasmatidae; a new genus for "Murchisonia" yabei Hayasaka (1943).


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A member of Nododelphinulidae; originally described as a species of Amphitrochus, subsequently transferred to the genus Nododelphinula.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A pseudomelaniid gastropod, a new genus for "Chemnitzia" heterocycla Eudes-Deslongchamps (1866) and a few other species.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A member of Neritariidae; a new genus for "Naticella" japonica Hayasaka (1943).


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A member of Goniasmatidae. The type species is Cerithiozone ornata.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A member of Trochidae. The type species is Coeloconulus panae.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A member of Architectibranchia belonging to the family Tubiferidae. The type species is "Actaeonina" abdominiformis Schröder (1995).


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A member of Goniasmatidae. The type species is Costataenia hayasakai.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A member of Nododelphinulidae. Originally described as a species of Costatrochus; subsequently made the type species of a separate genus Laubetrochus by Gründel & Hostettler (2014).


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A member of Cavolinioidea belonging to the family Creseidae, a species of Creseis.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A pomatiid gastropod. Originally described as a species of Cyclotopsis; subsequently made the type species of a separate genus Omanitopsis.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A member of Trivioidea belonging to the family Eratoidae, a species of Cypraeerato.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A member of Architectibranchia belonging to the family Tubiferidae. The type species is "Actaeonina" domeria Gründel & Nützel (1998).


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A pachychilid gastropod. A new genus for "Melanopsis" ornata Deshayes (1862); genus also contains "Melania" almerae Vidal in Cossmann (1898).


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A member of Cassoidea/Tonnoidea, a new genus for "Gyrineum" gwinae Dockery (1993).


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A member of Nododelphinulidae. Genus includes the new species Etalotrochus latus.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A strombid caenogastropod, a new genus for "Strombus" schroeckingeri. Strombus almerai (Crosse, 1885) may be a second species.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A possible member of Porcelliidae. The type species is Faxetrochus problematicus.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A pachychilid gastropod. A new genus for "Melania" cuvieri Deshayes (1825); genus also contains "Cerithium" undosum Brongniart (1823), "Melanopsis" dufresnii Deshayes (1825), "Cerithium" geslini Deshayes (1833) and "Muricites" vulcanicus von Schlotheim (1820).


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A member of Cavolinioidea belonging to the family Cuvierinidae, a species of Johnjagtia.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A provannid gastropod. The type species is Kaneconcha knorri. Considered to be a junior synonym of the species Janthina chavani (Ludbrook, 1978) by Beu (2017).


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A member of the family Fasciolariidae. The type species is "Fusus" subcarinatus Lamarck (1803).


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
An ampullariid gastropod. Originally described as a species of Lanistes; subsequently made the type species of a separate genus Carnevalea.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A member of Stylommatophora belonging to the family Vidaliellidae. Originally described as a species of Limicolaria; subsequently made the type species of a separate genus Arabicolaria.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A pachychilid gastropod. A new genus for "Cerithium" suzanna d'Orbigny (1850); genus also contains "Melanatria" guanensis Pacaud (2007), "Cerithium" pyreniforme Deshayes (1833), "Faunus" boriesi Doncieux (1908), "Cerithium" spinosum ortheziana Grateloup (1846) (raised to the rank of a separate species Moniquia ortheziana), "Cerithium" camilli de Gregorio (1880), "Cerithium" verneuillii Rouault (1850), "Cerithium" vandenheckei Bellardi (1852), "Cerithium" fodicatum Bellardi (1852) and "Cerithium" vellicatum Bellardi (1852), as well as the new species Moniquia goreti.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A member of Calliotropinae; a new genus for "Trochus" granarius Hébert & Eudes-Deslongchamps (1860)


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A spinilomatine aporrhaid. A new genus for "Rostellaria" myurus Eudes-Deslongchamps (1843); genus also contains "Alaria" herinacea Piette (1867), "Alaria" laevigata Morris & Lycett (1851) and "Alaria" sublaevigata Hudleston (1888).


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A member of Cassoidea/Tonnoidea. Genus contains the type species Neocolombellina cancellata (Dockery, 1993), Neocolombellina americana (Wade, 1926) and Neocolombellina carlea (Dockery, 1993).


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A member of Propupaspiridae. The type species is Permocerithium nudum.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
Possibly a member of Fasciolariidae. The type species is Rocalaria alani.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A member of Architectibranchia belonging to the family Cylindrobullinidae; a replacement name for Cylindrites Morris & Lycett (1851).


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A member of Architectibranchia belonging to the family Cylindrobullinidae. The type species is "Bulla" thorentea Buvignier in Sauvage & Buvignier (1842).


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A member of Cavolinioidea belonging to the family Creseidae, a species of Styliola.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A member of the family Cypraeidae belonging to the subfamily Erosariinae and the tribe Cyproglobinini.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A succineid gastropod. Originally described as a species of Succinea; subsequently made the type species of a separate genus Eoquickia.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A pseudomelaniid gastropod, a new genus for "Melania" heddingtonensis Sowerby (1813) and a few other species.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A member of Aporrhaidae. Originally described as a species of Trilemma; Cataldo (2014) considered it to be a species of Ceratosiphon.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A member of Clausiliidae. Originally described as a species of Triloba, but subsequently transferred to the genus Protriloba.


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A member of Calliotropinae. Genus includes the new species Tuberotropis tuberosus, as well as "Littorina" staffelbergensis Kuhn (1938).


2012 in molluscan paleontology, Newly named gastropods
A member of Orthonemidae. The type species is Yochelsonistylus felixi; genus also contains Yochelsonistylus seussae.


2012 in motorsport
The following is an overview of the events of 2012 in motorsport including the major racing events, motorsport venues that were opened and closed during a year, championships and non-championship events that were established and disestablished in a year, and births and deaths of racing drivers and other motorsport people.


2012 in motorsport, Annual events
The calendar includes only annual major non-championship events or annual events that had significance separate from the championship. For the dates of the championship events see related season articles.


2012 in music
This topic covers notable events and articles related to 2012 in music. This year was the peak of music downloads sales in the United States, with sales declining year on year since then.


2012 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2012.


2012 in paleontology
Note: In 2012, the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature was amended, with new regulations allowing the publication of new names and nomenclatural acts in zoology after 2011, in works "produced in an edition containing simultaneously obtainable copies by a method that assures (...) widely accessible electronic copies with fixed content and layout", provided that the work is registered in ZooBank before it is published, the work itself states the date of publication with evidence that registration has occurred, and the ZooBank registration states both the name of an electronic archive intended to preserve the work and the ISSN or ISBN associated with the work.


2012 in paleontology
New scientific names appearing in electronic works are not required to be registered in ZooBank, only the works themselves are. Works containing descriptions of some of the taxa listed below were not printed on paper in 2012; however, the taxa that were described in works which were registered in ZooBank in 2012 are listed as valid.


2012 in paleontology, Plants, Gymnosperms
A member of Bennettitales. Originally described as a species of Anomozamites, subsequently transferred to the genus Wielandiella.


2012 in paleontology, Plants, Gymnosperms
A possible member of Cheirolepidiaceae. The type species is Duartenia araripensis.


2012 in paleontology, Plants, Gymnosperms
A member of Pinaceae. The type species is Eathiestrobus mackenziei.


2012 in paleontology, Plants, Gymnosperms
A member of the family Araucariaceae. Genus includes new species E. microcarpa.


2012 in paleontology, Plants, Gymnosperms
Originally described as a species of Fokienia, but subsequently transferred to the genus Calocedrus.


2012 in paleontology, Plants, Gymnosperms
A seed fern belonging to the family Peltaspermaceae. Genus includes new species K. pedatum.


2012 in paleontology, Plants, Gymnosperms
A seed fern belonging to the group Dictyopteridiales and the family Eretmoniaceae. Genus includes new species L. ramulus.


2012 in paleontology, Plants, Gymnosperms
A conifer of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species P. hulstaiense.


2012 in paleontology, Plants, Gymnosperms
A seed plant of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species R. anisolobus.


2012 in paleontology, Plants, Gymnosperms
A seed fern belonging to the group Peltaspermales. Genus includes new species V. rombicum.


2012 in paleontology, Plants, Angiosperms
A member of the family Celastraceae. Genus includes new species B. armendarisense.


2012 in paleontology, Plants, Angiosperms
A member of the family Myrtaceae. Genus includes new species F. armendarisense.


2012 in paleontology, Plants, Angiosperms
A member of Lauraceae described on the basis of fossil wood.


2012 in paleontology, Plants, Angiosperms
A member of Lauraceae with affinities to members of the genus Litsea.


2012 in paleontology, Plants, Angiosperms
A member of Lauraceae with affinities to members of the genus Beilschmiedia.


2012 in paleontology, Plants, Angiosperms
A member of Lauraceae with affinities to members of the genus Cryptocarya.


2012 in paleontology, Plants, Angiosperms
A magnoliid of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species P. paucipora.


2012 in paleontology, Plants, Angiosperms
A member of Canellaceae described on the basis of fossil wood. Genus includes new species W. edenense.


2012 in paleontology, Plants, Other plants
A fern of uncertain phylogenetic placement. A new genus for "Gleichenia" argentinica (Berry) emend. Herbst (1962); genus also includes several other species originally assigned to the genera Gleichenia, Gleichenites or Microphyllopteris.


2012 in paleontology, Plants, Other plants
A member of the family Osmundaceae. Originally described as a species of Millerocaulis; transferred to the genus Claytosmunda by Bomfleur, Grimm & McLoughlin (2017).


2012 in paleontology, Plants, Other plants
A liverwort belonging to the family Aneuraceae. Genus includes new species R. devonicus.


2012 in paleontology, Plants, Other plants
A member of Isoetales belonging to the group Chaloneriaceae. Genus includes new species W. tuscumbiana.


2012 in paleontology, Arthropods
The following is a summary of the arthropods described in 2012


2012 in paleontology, Bryozoans
A member of Fenestellida. The type species is "Polypora" subborealis Schulga-Nesterenko (1951).


2012 in paleontology, Bryozoans
A cryptostome bryozoan, a member of Ptilodictyina. The type species is Argentinodictya lenticulata.


2012 in paleontology, Bryozoans
A member of Fenestrata. Genus includes new species I. wolfae.


2012 in paleontology, Bryozoans
A member of Cheilostomata belonging to the family Pyrisinellidae. The type species is "Setosinella" meniscacantha Taylor & McKinney (2006).


2012 in paleontology, Bryozoans
A member of Cheilostomata belonging to the family Pyrisinellidae. The type species is S. zagorseki.


2012 in paleontology, Brachiopods
A member of Strophomenida belonging to the group Plectambonitoidea and the family Sowerbyellidae.


2012 in paleontology, Brachiopods
A member of Orthida belonging to the group Enteletoidea and the family Saukrodictyidae. The type species is C. cheeneetnukensis.


2012 in paleontology, Brachiopods
A dalmanellid brachiopod, with C. multisecta,  C. meeki, C. minnesotensis


2012 in paleontology, Brachiopods
A member of Strophomenida belonging to the group Plectambonitoidea and the family Bimuriidae.


2012 in paleontology, Brachiopods
A member of Orthida belonging to the group Orthoidea and the family Orthidae. The type species is D. sandiae.


2012 in paleontology, Brachiopods
A member of Orthida belonging to the group Plectorthoidea and the family Plectorthidae.


2012 in paleontology, Brachiopods
An acrotretoid, a member of Lingulata. The type species is Kuangshanotreta malungensis.


2012 in paleontology, Brachiopods
A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide. Genus contains 3 species: K. ulluchaensis, K. regularis and K. fragilis.


2012 in paleontology, Brachiopods
A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide. Genus contains 2 new species: L. angusteinis and L. vagus.


2012 in paleontology, Brachiopods
A member of Strophomenida. The type species is Lynnica fragilis.


2012 in paleontology, Brachiopods
A member of Productida belonging to the suborder Strophalosiidina and the family Strophalosiidae.


2012 in paleontology, Brachiopods
A member of Orthida belonging to the group Enteletoidea and the family Draboviidae.


2012 in paleontology, Brachiopods
A member of Orthida belonging to the group Orthoidea and the family Orthidae. The type species is P. farewellensis.


2012 in paleontology, Brachiopods
A punctate rhynchonellide brachiopod. The type species is Sharovaella mirabilis.


2012 in paleontology, Brachiopods
A member of Atrypida belonging to the family Atrypidae. The type species is S. skaflestadi.


2012 in paleontology, Brachiopods
A member of Productida belonging to the suborder Productidina and the family Linoproductidae.


2012 in paleontology, Brachiopods
A member of Strophomenida belonging to the family Strophomenidae. The type species is T. costata.


2012 in paleontology, Molluscs
The following is a summary of the Molluscs described in 2012


2012 in paleontology, Echinoderms
A stem group echinoderm. The type species is Ctenoimbricata spinosa.


2012 in paleontology, Echinoderms
A replacement name for the crinoid genus Bockia Hecker 1940.


2012 in paleontology, Echinoderms
An ophiacanthid brittle star. The type species is Leadagmara gracilispina.


2012 in paleontology, Echinoderms
A camerate crinoid belonging to the group Diplobathra and the family Rhodocrinitidae.


2012 in paleontology, Echinoderms
A camerate crinoid belonging to the group Monobathrida. The type species is S. estoniensis.


2012 in paleontology, Echinoderms
Probably a stem-group cladid crinoid, possibly a dendrocrinid; a species of Segmentocolumnus.


2012 in paleontology, Echinoderms
A heart urchin belonging to the group Micrasterina. The type species is T. pittsi.


2012 in paleontology, Echinoderms
An animal of uncertain phylogenetic position, a possible relative of echinoderms. Genus contains Yanjiahella ancarpa (the type species), Y. monocarpa and Y. biscarpa.


2012 in paleontology, Ascidians
An ausiid, a possible ascidian, Its type species is Burykhia hunti.


2012 in paleontology, Conodonts
Originally described as a species of Carnepigondolella; Orchard (2014) transferred this species to the genus Quadralella.


2012 in paleontology, Conodonts
A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Sweetognathidae. The type species is Meiognathus pustulus.


2012 in paleontology, Conodonts
The type species is Muellerina idrisovi. The generic name turned out to be preoccupied by Muellerina Bassiouni (1965); Bardashev & Bardasheva (2013) subsequently renamed the conodont genus Muellerilepis.


2012 in paleontology, Conodonts
A new genus for "Lenodus" martinpointensis (Johnston and Barnes, 2000).


2012 in paleontology, Conodonts
Originally described as a species of Norigondolella; Karádi, Kozur & Görögt (2013) considered it more likely to be a species of Paragondolella.


2012 in paleontology, Conodonts
A replacement name for Pseudopolygnathus irregularis Tragelehn & Hartenfels (2011) (preoccupied by Pseudopolygnathus irregularis Branson, 1934).


2012 in paleontology, Amphibians, New taxa, Newly named temnospondyls
An amphibamiform. Originally described as a species of Platyrhinops, but subsequently made the type species of a separate genus Anthracobamus.


2012 in paleontology, Amphibians, New taxa, Newly named lissamphibians
A member of Calyptocephalellidae, a relative of the helmeted water toad.


2012 in paleontology, Amphibians, New taxa, Newly named lissamphibians
A replacement name for Rana plicata Filhol (1877). Reinterpreted as a junior synonym of Thaumastosaurus gezei by Laloy et al. (2013).


2012 in paleontology, Amphibians, New taxa, Newly named lissamphibians
A neobatrachian, a possible member of Nobleobatrachia. The type species is Uberabatrachus carvalhoi.


2012 in paleontology, Ichthyopterygians, Newly named ichthyosaurs
An ophthalmosaurid. The type species is Cryopterygius kristiansenae. Zverkov & Efimov (2019) considered this species to be synonymous with Undorosaurus gorodischensis, while Delsett et al. (2019) considered it to be a distinct species, albeit possibly belonging to the genus Undorosaurus.


2012 in paleontology, Ichthyopterygians, Newly named ichthyosaurs
An ophthalmosaurid. The type species is Palvennia hoybergeti. Zverkov & Prilepskaya (2019) considered Palvennia to be a junior synonym of the genus Arthropterygius, though the authors maintained P. hoybergeti as a distinct species within the latter genus; Delsett et al (2019) rejected this synonymy.


2012 in paleontology, Lepidosauromorphs, Newly named saurosphargids
Initially thought to be an eosauropterygian sauropterygian and a relative of Wumengosaurus, pachypleurosaurs and nothosauroids, but subsequently reinterpreted as member of Saurosphargidae (a non-sauropterygian diapsid, though related to sauropterygians), closely related to Saurosphargis and Sinosaurosphargis. The type species is Largocephalosaurus polycarpon.


2012 in paleontology, Lepidosauromorphs, Newly named sauropterygians
A basal member of Plesiosauria. The type species is Anningasaura lymense.


2012 in paleontology, Lepidosauromorphs, Newly named sauropterygians
An eosauropterygian, a relative of pachypleurosaurs and nothosauroids. The type species is Qianxisaurus chajiangensis.


2012 in paleontology, Lepidosauromorphs, Newly named sauropterygians
A long-necked plesiosaurian. Genus contains two species: Spitrasaurus wensaasi and S. larseni.


2012 in paleontology, Lepidosauromorphs, Squamates, New taxa
A platynotan lizard, probably a monstersaurian. The type species is Chianghsia nankangensis.


2012 in paleontology, Lepidosauromorphs, Squamates, New taxa
A lizard related to scleroglossan lizards. The type species is Jucaraseps grandipes.


2012 in paleontology, Lepidosauromorphs, Squamates, New taxa
An amphisbaenian lizard, possibly a member of Blanidae. The type species is Louisamphisbaena ferox.


2012 in paleontology, Lepidosauromorphs, Squamates, New taxa
A tethysaurine mosasauroid closely related to Tethysaurus, Russellosaurus and Yaguarasaurus. The type species is Pannoniasaurus inexpectatus.


2012 in paleontology, Lepidosauromorphs, Squamates, New taxa
A pleurodontagamid iguanian lizard; a new genus for "Mimeosaurus" tugrikinensis Alifanov (1989).


2012 in paleontology, Lepidosauromorphs, Squamates, New taxa
Late Early Miocene or early Middle Miocene (20 to 15 MYA)


2012 in paleontology, Lepidosauromorphs, Squamates, New taxa
A sphaerodactylid gecko found in Dominican amber, a species of Sphaerodactylus.


2012 in paleontology, Lepidosauromorphs, Squamates, New taxa
A monitor lizard. Villa et al. (2018) considered this species to be likely junior synonym of Varanus marathonensis.


2012 in paleontology, Turtles, New taxa
A member of Paracryptodira, a new genus for "Pleurosternon" typocardium Seeley (1869). Genus also contains a new species Ballerstedtia bueckebergensis.


2012 in paleontology, Turtles, New taxa
A bashuchelyid cryptodiran, a new genus for "Chengyuchelys" zigongensis (Ye, 1982). Genus also contains a new species Bashuchelys youngi.


2012 in paleontology, Turtles, New taxa
A paracryptodiran closely related to Compsemys. The type species is Berruchelus russelli.


2012 in paleontology, Turtles, New taxa
A bashuchelyid cryptodiran, a new genus for "Chengyuchelys" dashanpuensis (Fang, 1987).


2012 in paleontology, Turtles, New taxa
A bothremydid, a new genus for "Elochelys" convenarum (Laurent et al. 2002). Pérez-García, Ortega & Murelaga (2021) considered I. convenarum to be a junior synonym of "Polysternon" atlanticum, resulting in a new combination  Iberoccitanemys atlanticum.


2012 in paleontology, Turtles, New taxa
A basal member of Pan-Cryptodira (the clade containing living cryptodirans and all extinct turtles that were more closely related to them than to pleurodirans). The type species is Larachelus morla.


2012 in paleontology, Turtles, New taxa
A toxochelyid sea turtle, a new genus for "Toxochelys" gigantea Oertel (1914).


2012 in paleontology, Turtles, New taxa
A relative of meiolaniids. The type species is Peligrochelys walshae.


2012 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Newly named basal archosauromorphs
A proterochampsian archosauriform. Originally described as a species of Chanaresuchus; subsequently made the type species of a separate genus Pseudochampsa by Trotteyn & Ezcurra (2014).


2012 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Newly named basal archosauromorphs
A member of Archosauriformes of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Originally classified as a poposauroid pseudosuchian, but subsequently argued to be a phytosaur. The type species is Diandongosuchus fuyuanensis.


2012 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Newly named basal archosauromorphs
A doswelliid archosauromorph. Originally described as a species of Doswellia; Wynd et al. (2020) transferred it to the separate genus Rugarhynchos.


2012 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Archosaurs
The following is a summary of the archosaurs described in 2012


2012 in paleontology, Synapsids, Non-mammalian synapsids, New taxa
A dicynodont, a new genus for "Dicynodon" trautscholdi (Amalitzky, 1922) (considered to be a senior synonym of Vivaxosaurus permirus and assigned to the genus Vivaxosaurus by Kammerer et al., 2011). "Dicynodon" amalitzkii (Sushkin, 1926) is considered by Kurkin (2012) to be a second species of Fortunodon (Kammerer et al., 2011 classify it as the type species of the genus Peramodon.)


2012 in paleontology, Synapsids, Mammals
The following is a summary of the mammals described in 2012


2012 in paleontology, Other animals
An amniote of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Originally classified as a bolosaurid and a species of Belebey; Spindler, Voigt & Fischer (2019) considered it to be a possible edaphosaurid synapsid instead.


2012 in paleontology, Other animals
A member of Hyolitha (a group of animals of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly molluscs), a species of Circotheca.


2012 in paleontology, Other animals
An animal of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Coronacollina acula.


2012 in paleontology, Other animals
A tabulate coral belonging to the group Favositida and the family Favositidae.


2012 in paleontology, Other animals
A tabulate coral belonging to the superfamily Pachyporoidea and the family Parastriatoporidae.


2012 in paleontology, Other animals
A member of Hyolitha. The type species is Probactrotheca briketa.


2012 in paleontology, Other animals
A vertebrate of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Described on the basis of three postcanine teeth, considered to be teeth of a trirachodontid cynodont by Lucas et al. (1999) and Spielmann and Lucas (2012). On the other hand, Abdala, Neveling and Welman (2006) and Sidor and Hopson (2018) did not consider it likely that Redondagnathus was a member of Trirachodontidae, and Abdala, Neveling and Welman (2006) weren't even sure whether it was a cynodont. The type species is Redondagnathus hunti.


2012 in paleontology, Other animals
A stem-bilaterian of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a stalked filter feeder. The type species is S. gregarium.


2012 in paleontology, Other animals
A tabulate coral belonging to the group Favositida and the family Theciidae.


2012 in paleontology, Other organisms
A red alga belonging to the family Corallinaceae, a species of Hydrolithon.


2012 in paleontology, Other organisms
A fungus belonging to the group Endogonales. The type species is Jimwhitea circumtecta.


2012 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


2012 in poetry, Works published in English, New Zealand, Poets in Best New Zealand Poems
Poems from these 25 poets were selected by Bernadette Hall for Best New Zealand Poems 2011, published online this year:


2012 in poetry, Works published in English, United States, Poets in The Best American Poetry 2012
The following poets appeared in The Best American Poetry 2012. David Lehman, general editor, and Mark Doty, guest editor (who selected the poetry):


2012 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


2012 in politics
These are some of the notable events relating to politics in 2012.


2012 in professional wrestling
2012 in professional wrestling describes the year's events in the world of professional wrestling.


2012 in professional wrestling, Calendar of notable shows, May
Had Cena won, Laurinaitis would have been fired, and anyone who interfered would have been fired.


2012 in professional wrestling, Calendar of notable shows, June
Since Cena won, John Laurinaitis was fired, Had Show won, Cena would have been fired.


2012 in public domain
When a work's copyright expires, it enters the public domain. The following is a list of works that enter the public domain in 2012. Since laws vary globally, the copyright status of some works are not uniform. Not all works in the public domain have been expired, some works are deliberately donated into the collection for the public good or have been abandoned by their owners.


2012 in public domain, Entering the public domain in Europe
In most European nations with the exception of Belarus, copyright law extends for the life of the author or artist, plus 70 years.


2012 in public domain, Entering the public domain in the United States
In the United States, the copyright status of works extends for the life of the author or artists, plus 70 years. If the work is owned by a corporation, then the copyright extends 95 years.


2012 in public domain, Entering the public domain in the United States
Due to the passing of the Copyright Term Extension Act (Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act) in 1998, no new works will enter the public domain in this jurisdiction until 2019.


2012 in public domain, Entering the public domain in the United States
In January 2012, the Supreme Court in a 6-2 decision stated that works in the public domain can have their copyright status renewed.


2012 in radio
The following is a list of events affecting radio broadcasting in 2012. Events listed include radio program debuts, finales, cancellations, and station launches, closures and format changes, as well as information about controversies.


2012 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 2012.


2012 in rock music
This article summarizes the events related to rock music for the year of 2012.


2012 in rugby league
Top-level rugby league in 2012 centred on Australasia's 2012 NRL season and the Super League XVII. Large scale representative competitions are not expected to occur this year due to the 2013 Rugby League World Cup.


2012 in science
The year 2012 involved many significant scientific events and discoveries, including the first orbital rendezvous by a commercial spacecraft, the discovery of a particle highly similar to the long-sought Higgs boson, and the near-eradication of guinea worm disease. A total of 72 successful orbital spaceflights occurred in 2012, and the year also saw numerous developments in fields such as robotics, 3D printing, stem cell research and genetics. Over 540,000 technological patent applications were made in the United States alone in 2012.


2012 in science
2012 was declared the International Year of Sustainable Energy for All by the United Nations. 2012 also marked Alan Turing Year, a celebration of the life and work of the English mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst and computer scientist Alan Turing.


2012 in science, IISE Top 10 New Species
The Top 10 New Species 2013 was announced on 22 May 2013 by the International Institute for Species Exploration, commemorating unique species discovered during 2012. The ten selected new species were:


2012 in science fiction
The year 2012 is marked, in science fiction, by the following events.


2012 in spaceflight
The year 2012 saw a number of significant events in spaceflight. In May and October, the first Commercial Orbital Transportation Services resupply missions took place, during which the SpaceX Dragon became the first private spacecraft to dock with the International Space Station (ISS). In June, China launched the crewed Shenzhou 9 orbital mission, and North Korea achieved its first successful orbital launch in December. 2012 also saw China's first successful asteroid exploration mission, and the landing of NASA's Curiosity rover on Mars. The Vega and Unha-3 rockets made their maiden flights in 2012, while the Proton-K made its last.


2012 in spaceflight
A total of 77 orbital launches were attempted in 2012, of which 72 were successful, three were partially successful and two were failures. Five crewed orbital missions were conducted over the course of the year, all successfully, carrying a total of 15 individuals into orbit. The year also saw five EVAs by ISS astronauts. The majority of the year's orbital launches were conducted by Russia, China and the United States, with 29, 19 and 13 launches respectively. A total of 139 payloads were launched during the year, including communication and navigation satellites, logistics spacecraft and scientific probes. Additionally, a large number of suborbital sounding rockets and ballistic missiles were launched by scientific and military organisations.


2012 in spaceflight, Overview of orbital spaceflight
A total of 77 orbital launches were attempted in 2012, with 72 being reported as successful, and a total of 139 payloads launched. The three most prolific spacefaring nations were Russia, with 29 launches and 27 successes; China, with 19 launches, all of which succeeded; and the United States, with 13 launches, of which 12 succeeded and one was a partial failure. European nations conducted eight orbital launches, all successfully, while India and Japan conducted two each, also successfully. Iran and North Korea both achieved one successful orbital launch during 2012, but Iran also suffered one launch failures, while North Korea suffered one.


2012 in spaceflight, Overview of orbital spaceflight, Crewed spaceflight
Five crewed orbital launches were conducted during 2012, all successfully, carrying a total of 15 astronauts into orbit. Four of these missions were flown using Russian Soyuz spacecraft, while the fifth was a Chinese Shenzhou launch. All of the year's crewed missions rendezvoused with space stations – the four Soyuz missions docked with the International Space Station (ISS), while China's Shenzhou 9 docked with the Tiangong-1 orbital laboratory. Five spacewalks were also undertaken in 2012, all by ISS crewmembers.


2012 in spaceflight, Overview of orbital spaceflight, Robotic exploration
Numerous significant milestones in robotic spaceflight occurred in 2012, including the landing of NASA's Curiosity rover on Mars in August, and the first commercial resupply missions to the ISS in May and October. The latter also marked the first fully operational use of SpaceX's Dragon spacecraft. Elsewhere in the Solar System, NASA's Dawn spacecraft completed its mission to 4 Vesta in September 2012, while China achieved its first asteroid flyby in December.


2012 in spaceflight, Orbital launch statistics, By country
For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. For example, Soyuz launches by Arianespace in Kourou are counted under Russia because Soyuz-2 is a Russian rocket.


2012 in sports
2012 in sports various events were held, notably the Summer Olympics were held in London, United Kingdom.


2012 in sports, Aquatics
Kenneth To from  Australia won the men's race, while Katinka Hosszú from  Hungary won the women's race


2012 in sports, Cricket
India defeated  Australia in the final and clinched their third title.


2012 in sports, Cricket
West Indies defeated  Sri Lanka in the final and clinched their first title.


2012 in sports, Kickboxing
The following is a list of major noteworthy kickboxing events during 2012 in chronological order.


2012 in sports, Mixed martial arts
The following is a list of major noteworthy MMA events by month.


2012 in sports, Mixed martial arts
5/15 — UFC on Fuel TV: Korean Zombie vs. Poirier


2012 in sports, Mixed martial arts
12/15 — The Ultimate Fighter: Team Carwin vs. Team Nelson Finale


2012 in squash sport
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by NaBUru38 (talk | contribs) at 00:10, 8 January 2020. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


2012 in squash sport
This article lists the results for the sport of Squash in 2012.


2012 in sumo
The following are the events in professional sumo during 2012.


2012 in tennis
This page covers all the important events in the sport of tennis in 2012. Primarily, it provides the results of notable tournaments throughout the year on both the ATP and WTA Tours, the Davis Cup, and the Fed Cup.


2012 in tennis, Important Events, The Entire Year
The 2012 Australian Open was held from January 16 to January 29. Defending champion Novak Djokovic defeated Rafael Nadal, 5-7, 6-4, 6-2, 6-7(5), 7-5, to win the longest final in history. The second Grand Slam event of the year was won by Nadal who defeated Djokovic 6-4, 6-3, 2-6, 7-5 to win a record seventh French Open title. At Wimbledon, Roger Federer would equal this record, held by Nadal and Pete Sampras, by winning the final 4-6, 7-5, 6-3, 6-4 against Andy Murray. Murray went on to win the last Grand Slam event of the year, by defeating defending champion Djokovic, 7-6(10), 7-5, 2-6, 3-6, 6-2. At the ATP World Tour Finals, Djokovic won against defending champion Federer, 7-6(6), 7-5.


2012 in tennis, ITF, Grand Slam events, Australian Open
The 2012 Australian Open is a tennis tournament that is taking place in Melbourne Park in Melbourne, Australia from January 16 to January 29, 2012. It is the 100th edition of the Australian Open, and the first Grand Slam event of the year.


2012 in tennis, ITF, Grand Slam events, Australian Open
The 2012 Australian Open will take place from the January 2012 and is to be held at Melbourne Park. The Men's singles will be staged for the 100th time. There have been different 59 previous winners and the 100th staging of the event was marked by a special coin and the 2012 Champion will receive a special medallion. The tournament will also mark 50 years since Rod Laver won his first Grand Slam. For the first time Hawk eye will be used on the Margaret Court Arena, while Ken Fletcher will be inducted into the Australian Tennis Hall of Fame.


2012 in tennis, ITF, Grand Slam events, French Open
The French Open (French: Les internationaux de France de Roland-Garros or Tournoi de Roland-Garros, IPA: [ʁɔlɑ̃ ɡaʁos], named after the famous French aviator Roland Garros) is a major tennis tournament held over two weeks between late May and early June in Paris, France, at the Stade Roland Garros. It is the premier clay court tennis tournament in the world and the second of the four annual Grand Slam tournaments – the other three are the Australian Open, US Open and Wimbledon. Roland Garros is the only Grand Slam held on clay and ends the spring clay court season.


2012 in tennis, ITF, Grand Slam events, Wimbledon Championships
The Championships, Wimbledon, or simply Wimbledon (25 June – 8 July in 2012), is the only Major still played on grass, the game's original surface, which gave the game of lawn tennis its name. The tournament takes place over two weeks in late June and early July, culminating with the Ladies' and Gentlemen's Singles Final, scheduled respectively for the second Saturday and Sunday. Each year, five major events are contested, as well as four junior events and three invitational events.


2012 in tennis, ITF, Grand Slam events, US Open
The US Open, formally the United States Open Tennis Championships, is a hardcourt tennis tournament held annually in August and September over a two-week period (the weeks before and after Labor Day weekend).


2012 in tennis, ITF, Davis Cup
The 2012 Davis Cup (also known as the 2012 Davis Cup by BNP Paribas for sponsorship purposes) is the 100th edition of the tournament between national teams in men's tennis.


2012 in tennis, ITF, Davis Cup
The draw took place on 21 September 2011 in Bangkok, Thailand.


2012 in tennis, ITF, Fed Cup
The 2012 Fed Cup (also known as the 2012 Fed Cup by BNP Paribas for sponsorship purposes) is the 50th edition of the most important tournament between national teams in women's tennis. The final will take place on 4–5 November.


2012 in tennis, 2012 London Olympics
The tennis competitions of the 2012 Summer Olympics were staged at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, from 29 July to 5 August 2012. 172 tennis players competed in five events; singles and doubles for both men and women and for the first time since 1924 mixed doubles were officially included.


2012 in tennis, ATP World Tour
The 2012 ATP World Tour is the global elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2012 tennis season. The 2012 ATP World Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP World Tour Masters 1000, the ATP World Tour 500 series, the ATP World Tour 250 series, the ATP World Team Championship, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), the ATP World Tour Finals, and the tennis event at the London Summer Olympic Games. Also included in the 2012 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which is organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points.


2012 in tennis, ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2012 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprises 15 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and approximately 150 regular series tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.


2012 in tennis, WTA Tour
The 2012 WTA Tour is the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2012 tennis season. The 2012 WTA Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA Premier tournaments (Premier Mandatory, Premier 5, and regular Premier), the WTA International tournaments, the Fed Cup (organized by the ITF), the year-end championships (the WTA Tour Championships and the Tournament of Champions), and the tennis event at the London Summer Olympic Games. Also included in the 2012 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which is organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points.


2012 in tennis, Retirements
Following is a list of notable players (winners of a main tour title, and/or part of the ATP Rankings Top 100 (singles) or Top 50 (doubles) for at least one week) who announced their retirement from professional tennis, became inactive (after not playing for more than 52 weeks), or were permanently banned from playing, during the 2012 season:


2012 in the Central African Republic
The following lists events in the year 2012 in the Central African Republic.


2012 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
The following lists events that happened during 2012 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.


2012 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Events
International Monetary Fund suspends loan payments after Congolese government fails to make public the details of a deal involving Gécamines.


2012 in the Maldives
The following lists events that happened during 2012 in the Maldives.


2012 in the Netherlands
This article lists some of the events that took place in the Netherlands in 2012.


2012 in the Palestinian territories, Events
The most prominent events related to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict which occurred during 2012 include:


2012 in the Philippines
2012 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in 2012.


2012 in the Philippines, National holidays
Holidays in italics are "special days", while those in regular type are "regular holidays".


2012 in the Philippines, National holidays
In addition, several other places observe local holidays, such as the foundation of their town. These are also "special days".


2012 in the United Arab Emirates
Events from the year 2012 in the United Arab Emirates.


2012 in the United Kingdom
Events from the year 2012 in the United Kingdom. This was the year of the Summer Olympics in London as well as the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II.


2012 in the environment
This is a list of notable events relating to the environment in 2012. They relate to environmental law, conservation, environmentalism and environmental issues.


2012 in the sport of athletics
In 2012 the foremost competition in athletics was the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. The International Association of Athletics Federations held four other global level competitions in 2012: the 2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships, 2012 IAAF World Race Walking Cup, 2012 World Junior Championships in Athletics and the 2012 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships.


2012 in the sport of athletics
For the first time since 1945, there was no global level championship for cross country running, as the IAAF World Cross Country Championships moved to a biennial format. Three of the major continental championships were held a month prior to the London Olympics: the 2012 African Championships in Athletics, 2012 European Athletics Championships and 2012 Oceania Athletics Championships.


2012 in the sport of athletics
The Diamond League entered its third year as the foremost seasonal track and field series.


2012 in video games
Numerous video games were released in 2012. Many awards went to games such as Borderlands 2, Far Cry 3, Journey, Mass Effect 3, The Walking Dead and XCOM: Enemy Unknown. The year began with the worldwide release of Sony's handheld game console, the PlayStation Vita, originally launched in Japan in December 2011. The end of the year marked the worldwide release of Nintendo's home game console, the Wii U.


2012 in video games, Critically acclaimed titles
Metacritic (MC) and GameRankings (GR) are aggregators of video game journalism reviews.


2012 in video games, Highest-grossing games
The following were 2012's top ten highest-grossing video games in terms of worldwide revenue (including physical sales, digital purchases, subscriptions, microtransactions, free-to-play and pay-to-play) across all platforms (including mobile, PC and console platforms).


2012 in video games, Hardware releases
The list of game consoles released in 2012 in North America.


2012 in video games, Series with new entries
Series with new installments in 2012 include Alan Wake, Assassin's Creed, Borderlands, Call of Duty, Counter-Strike, Darksiders, Dead or Alive, Diablo, Fable, Far Cry, Forza Motorsport, Halo, Hitman, Mario Party, Marvel vs. Capcom, Mass Effect, Max Payne, Medal of Honor, Modern Combat, Need for Speed, Ninja Gaiden, PlanetSide, Pokémon, Prototype, Resident Evil, Silent Hill, Sniper Elite, Spec Ops, Super Mario, Tekken, The Darkness, Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon, Transformers, Trials, and X-COM.


2012 in video games, Series with new entries
In addition, 2012 saw the introduction of several new properties, including Asura's Wrath, Dishonored, Journey, Lollipop Chainsaw, and Sleeping Dogs.


2012 in video games, Game releases
The list of games released in 2012 in North America.


2012 in weightlifting
This article lists the main weightlifting events and their results for 2012.


2012 in women's ice hockey
Notable events of 2012 in women's ice hockey. See also List of years in women's ice hockey. The following are the women's ice hockey events of the year 2012 throughout the world.


2012 local electoral calendar
This local electoral calendar for 2012 lists the subnational elections held in 2012. Referendums, recall and retention elections, and national by-elections (special elections) are also included.


2012 murder on the Syrian-Turkish border
The 2012 murder on the Syrian-Turkish border is about two European-Algerian freelance journalists, Naseem Intriri and Walid Bledi, who were making a documentary about refugees and the Syrian civil war when they were killed during an attack on the Syrian border town of Darkush, Idlib Governorate, near the Turkish border. The Syrian government called them "infiltrators."


2012 murder on the Syrian-Turkish border, Personal history
Naseem Intriri, sometimes transliterated as Nasim Entriri, was an Algerian/French citizen. Walid Bledi was an Algerian/British citizen.


2012 murder on the Syrian-Turkish border, Incident
From inside Syria, a citizen journalist Musaab al Arabi reported two independent journalists were killed while attempting to reach the town of Darkush with a group of 50 others. This was confirmed by other reports from inside Syria. The two were covering the refugees who were fleeing. The house they were staying in was attacked by the Shabiha militia who are backing the government of President Bashar al-Assad. The journalists fled the scene when the shooting began, but soon returned to pick up equipment left behind. When they returned they were shot to death.


2012 murder on the Syrian-Turkish border, Incident
One was shot in the head, and the other in the chest. A third and unidentified journalist was also shot at the scene. A conflicting report claimed the two journalists were killed as they were passing through the border into Turkey. The third journalist was taken to Antakya, Syria for medical treatment.


2012 murder on the Syrian-Turkish border, Context
The two freelance journalists were filming a documentary about Syrians fleeing to Turkey to escape the violence of the Syrian civil war. At the time, the civil war caused over 200,000 Syrian citizens to be internally displaced, 30,000 to take refuge in another country, and 8,000 people killed. The Committee to Protect Journalists calls Syria "the most dangerous place for journalists" from 2011-2012.


2012 murder on the Syrian-Turkish border, Impact
After the news, the CPJ reported that "a human rights defender and diplomatic sources" had raised questions about the press credentials of the two. Preliminary sources claim that they saw the men working as journalists with cameras, note-taking, etc. The CPJ's follow-up research raised this question but continued to investigate the situation as a "journalism related death."


2012 murder on the Syrian-Turkish border, Reactions
A spokesperson for the Committee to Protect Journalists said, "Their deaths are yet another illustration of the grave dangers that journalists face in reporting a conflict that the Syrian government has sought to hide from the world."


2012 murder on the Syrian-Turkish border, Reactions
Irina Bokova, director-general of UNESCO, said, "The murders of Naseem Intriri, Walid Bledi ... highlight the terrible and unacceptable price being paid by journalists trying to carry out their professional duties in Syria. I call on the Syrian authorities to launch an inquiry into these crimes and bring their perpetrators to trial. I am deeply concerned by the number of journalists killed in the country since the start of the conflict. Media professionals must be able to carry out their work without fearing for their lives. Freedom of expression is a basic human right and the corner stone of democracy."


2012 national electoral calendar
This national electoral calendar for 2012 lists the national/federal direct elections that were held in 2012 in all sovereign states and their dependent territories. By-elections are excluded, though national referendums are included.


2012 national electoral calendar, Indirect elections
The following indirect elections of heads of state and the upper houses of bicameral legislatures took place through votes in elected lower houses, unicameral legislatures, or electoral colleges:


2012 national road cycling championships
The 2012 national road cycling championships began in New Zealand with the time trial event (both men and women) on January 6. On January 7 the Women's Road Race.


2012 national road cycling championships, Jerseys
The winner of each national championship wears the national jersey in all their races for the next year in the respective discipline, apart from the World Championships and the Olympics, or unless they are wearing a category leader's jersey in a stage race. Most national champion jerseys tend to represent a country's flag or use the colours from it. Jerseys may also feature traditional sporting colours of a country that are not derived from a national flag, such as the National colours of Australia on the jerseys of Australian national champions.


2012 outbreak of Salmonella
The 2012 outbreak of Salmonella took place in 15 places worldwide with over 2,300 strains identified.


2012 outbreak of Salmonella
In general, the United States alone experiences 1 million cases of salmonellosis per year. In Europe, although there are around 100,000 incidents of salmonellosis reported annually, there has been a steady decrease in cases over the past four years. The exact number of those infected is impossible to know as not all cases are reported.


2012 outbreak of Salmonella
Of these reported cases, some can be classified as foodborne disease outbreaks by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) if "two or more people get the same illness from the same contaminated food or drink" or zoonotic outbreaks if "two or more people get the same illness from the same pet or other animal". In 2012, the various strains or serotypes of the Salmonella bacteria, related to the outbreaks in the United States, infected over 1800 people and killed seven. In Europe, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) reported 91,034 cases of Salmonella infection with 65,317 cases related to the 2012 outbreaks. Of those 65,317 cases, there were 61 deaths.


2012 outbreak of Salmonella
Salmonella bacteria can be found in almost any product or animal that has been exposed to fecal matter. These exposures can occur from crops grown from waste-based fertilizers or from food items handled by infected humans. Salmonellosis is an intestinal disease, meaning that the bacteria must be ingested and processed through the intestines in order for infection to occur. Thus, salmonellosis is commonly spread to humans through ingestion of contaminated food items.


2012 outbreak of Salmonella
It can also be spread through contact with reptiles and birds, usually after the person handles the animal or its environment (without hand-washing immediately) and then touches their mouth or food items. Those infected usually develop symptoms anywhere from 12–72 hours after first contact with Salmonella bacteria, and most do not require serious medical attention. This salmonellosis displays itself in humans with fever, abdominal pain, nausea, and, most commonly, diarrhea for a period of up to 7 days. Those requiring hospitalization usually are dehydrated or have extreme diarrhea, which can turn deadly, especially if the salmonella bacteria reaches the bloodstream. The elderly, young children, and those with weakened immune systems are most at risk for developing salmonellosis and suffering severe reactions. The most common serotypes of Salmonella in the United States and Europe are Enteritidis and Typhimurium.


2012 outbreak of Salmonella, Origins of outbreak
The 2012 outbreak did not have one start and end date due to the multivariate origination sites and stages of investigation. Each outbreak followed its own pattern of contamination, spread, infection, and containment throughout the course of 2012. Worldwide, there were 15 different foodborne and zoonotic origins of the Salmonella outbreaks. Eighteen of the over 2,300 strains of Salmonella were found in infected humans and contaminated products in Europe and the U.S. As with all diseases, there were certain places and serotypes that contributed more to the magnitude of the 2012 outbreak. As such, the origins listed below had the greatest frequency of occurrence and overall impact on society.