2012 Oklahoma Sooners football team
The 2012 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma in the 2012 NCAA Division I FBS football season, the 118th season of Sooner football. The team was led by two-time Walter Camp Coach of the Year Award winner, Bob Stoops, in his 14th season as head coach. They played their home games at Gaylord Family Oklahoma Memorial Stadium in Norman, Oklahoma. They were a charter member of the Big 12 Conference.


2012 Oklahoma Sooners football team
Conference play began with an upset loss at home to the Kansas State Wildcats on September 22 and concluded with a win against the TCU Horned Frogs in Fort Worth, Texas on December 1. The Sooners finished the regular season with a 10–2 record overall (8–1 in the Big 12), and shared the Big 12 Conference championship with K-State to win their eighth Big 12 title and 44th conference title overall. They faced former Big 12 member Texas A&M in the Cotton Bowl Classic, where they lost, 13–41. The Sooners were also the first team since Florida in 1993 to play against the top 3 Heisman vote-getters in the same season: Collin Klein of Kansas State, Manti Te'o of Notre Dame, and Johnny Manziel of Texas A&M (the Sooners only 3 losses on the season).


2012 Oklahoma Sooners football team
Following the season, Lane Johnson was selected 4th overall in the 2013 NFL Draft, along with Landry Jones in the 4th round, Kenny Stills in the 5th, Justin Brown and Stacy McGee in the 6th, and David King in the 7th.


2012 Oklahoma Sooners football team, Post Season, All Big 12 team
A number of Sooners were named to the All Big 12 Team.


2012 Oklahoma Sooners football team, Post Season, 2013 NFL Draft
The 2013 NFL Draft was held on April 25–27, 2013 at Radio City Music Hall in New York City. The following Oklahoma players were either selected or signed as free agents following the draft.


2012 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team
The 2012 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team represented Oklahoma State University in the 2012 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Cowboys were led by eighth-year head coach Mike Gundy and played their home games at Boone Pickens Stadium in Stillwater, Oklahoma. They were a member of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 8–5, 5–4 in Big 12 play to finish in a tie for third place. They were invited to the Heart of Dallas Bowl where they defeated Purdue.


2012 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team, Season summary, West Virginia
Clint Chelf, the third quarterback to start for Oklahoma State in 2012, threw for 292 yards and four touchdowns, and Josh Stewart had a career-high 172 yards receiving as the Cowboys handed West Virginia its fourth straight defeat, 55–34.


2012 Oklahoma state budget
The Oklahoma State Budget for Fiscal Year 2012, is a spending request by Governor Mary Fallin to fund government operations for July 1, 2011–June 30, 2012. Governor Fallin proposed the budget on February 7, 2011. This was Governor Fallin's first budget submitted as governor.


2012 Oklahoma state budget
Figures shown in the spending request do not reflect the actual appropriations for Fiscal Year 2012, which must be authorized by the Legislature.


2012 Oklahoma state budget, Overview
The budget crisis of the 2011 Oklahoma state budget caused the Oklahoma State Treasurer's Office to estimate that the 2012 budget would see a $600 million budget shortfall. Following the December 2010 meeting of the Oklahoma State Board of Equalization, the Board certified that the 2012 budget would see a shortfall of $400 million from 2011 levels.


2012 Oklahoma state budget, Overview
Governor of Oklahoma Mary Fallin's proposed budget relies upon a combination of agency budget reductions, increased tax enforcement, agency consolidations, and government modernization to overcome the budget shortfall. Most agencies are budgeted to receive a 5% across the board cuts, but public safety, healthcare, and education will see smaller cuts of only 3%. If the governor's budget plan is realized, the $400 million deficit will result in a $100 million surplus.


2012 Oklahoma state budget, Total Revenue
All revenue for the $6.4 billion budget estimate breaks down as follows:


2012 Oklahoma state budget, Total Spending, Requested
The Governor's budget for 2012 totals $6.6 billion in spending. Percentages in parentheses indicate percentage change compared to FY2011 revised budget base (FY2011 appropriations excluding one-time appropriations). The budget request is broken down by the following expenditures:


2012 Oklahoma state budget, Total Spending, Enacted
The Oklahoma Legislature approved total appropriations for fiscal year 2012 of $6.5 billion. Percentages in parentheses indicate percentage change compared to the Governor's budget. The final appropriations are broken down by the following expenditures:


2012 Oklahoma state elections
The Oklahoma state elections was held on Election Day, November 6, 2012 for a number of offices. The Presidential Preferential Primary Election will be held on March 6, 2012 and the Primary Election will be held on June 26, 2012.


2012 Oklahoma state elections, US Representatives
All five Oklahoma seats in the United States House of Representatives are up for election in 2012.


2012 Oklahoma state elections, Corporation Commissioner
One seat on the Oklahoma Corporation Commission is up for election in 2012.


2012 Oklahoma state elections, State Senators
24 of the 48 seats in the Oklahoma Senate are up for election in 2012.


2012 Oklahoma state elections, State Representatives
All 101 seats in the Oklahoma House of Representatives are up for election in 2012.


2012 Oklahoma state elections, Judicial
These races are "retention" votes based on Oklahoma's use of the Missouri Plan for electing judicial nominees.


2012 Oklahoma wildfires
The 2012 Oklahoma wildfires were a series of wildfires which impacted areas throughout the state of Oklahoma. Starting earlier in the year, a widespread drought caused many areas to be exposed to wildfires.


2012 Oklahoma wildfires
Starting in late July and early August, the wildfires burned at least 52,000 acres, and destroyed at least 121 homes and businesses. A wildfire near Luther in Central Oklahoma destroyed about 50 homes and other buildings before getting under control on August 4. Governor of Oklahoma Mary Fallin declared a state of emergency on July 30 due to the drought and wildfires.


2012 Oklahoma wildfires
Although property damage was substantial, no human lives due to the fires were reported. This may have been because a number of threatened communities were evacuated before fires reached them.


2012 Oklahoma wildfires, Governor requests federal assistance
Governor Fallin submitted a major disaster request to FEMA on September 17, 2012, for the period July 28 - August 14, 2012. The request was for Federal assistance to three counties,  as well as statewide Hazard Mitigation. Joint Federal, State and local Preliminary Damage Assessments (PDAs) were conducted in the requested counties during September 18–24, 2012. Based on the PDAs, FEMA concluded that,   "... the damage was not of such severity and magnitude as to be beyond the combined capabilities of the state and affected local governments," and thus Federal assistance was denied. Governor Fallin was informed of the decision on October 15, 2012.


2012 Oklahoma wildfires, Governor requests federal assistance
Ongoing high winds have continued to affect Oklahoma. In Durant, high winds forced  the Union Pacific Railroad to shut down one of their main railways through the town. In late November, Oklahoma State University researchers said that the wildfires and the ongoing drought were responsible for over $400 million in damages, harvest loss, and livestock loss.


2012 Oklahoma wildfires, Additional fires, Glencoe fire
On August 4, 2012, a fire broke out near the community of Glencoe, in northern Payne County, Oklahoma that forced all of the residents to evacuate their homes. This fire soon burned more than 2,000 acres (8.1 km2) and destroyed 53 homes. Unlike many of the fires, this blaze was blamed on human activity. Two companies had been conducting welding operations in the area, and were sued for damages. Outdoor welding was actually prohibited, because of a statewide burn ban that had gone into effect the previous day.


2012 Oklahoma wildfires, Additional fires, Glencoe fire
Weather caused the fire to spread rapidly; the fire marshall of nearby Stillwater, Oklahoma said in an interview that the winds were blowing at 20 miles per hour (8.9 m/s) and that the high temperature was 107 degrees Fahrenheit. He said it was the 20th straight day of triple-digit temperatures. Only a late wind change spared the town from being totally destroyed.


2012 Oklahoma wildfires, Additional fires, Glencoe fire
In 2016, a jury decided that, "... IPS Engineering L.L.C. was responsible for 30 percent of the damage the wildfire caused, and Global Pipeline Construction LLC was responsible for the other 70 percent." The two companies were ordered to pay 72 plaintiffs a total of $6.5 million in compensation. In addition, IPS had to pay $1 million in punitive damages, and GPC was fined $100,000.


2012 Oklahoma wildfires, Additional fires, Luther fire
Luther, Oklahoma, a town in Oklahoma County just 24 miles (39 km) outside Oklahoma, was severely damaged by a wildfire on August 3–4, 2012. The blazes covered 80,000 acres (320 km2) and destroyed 24 houses before the winds abated sufficiently to bring the fire under control. Making the firefighters' work harder, the fire shut down Luther's municipal water pumps, forcing all residents to evacuate their homes. Gov. Mary Fallin visited the scene shortly afterward and told reporters that it was, "devastating."


2012 Oklahoma wildfires, Additional fires, Luther fire
Police said later that they had received reports that a man was seen throwing burning newspapers from the back of a truck in the area, and were treating the cause as possible arson.


2012 Oklahoma wildfires, Additional fires, Mannford fire
Another fire in Creek County during the same time period, this time near the community of Mannford, Oklahoma, about 20 miles (32 km) west of Tulsa, burned nearly 100 square miles (260 km2). A fire department spokesperson said that it was the largest wildfire in recent state history.


2012 Old Dominion Monarchs football team
The 2012 Old Dominion Monarchs football team represented Old Dominion University in the 2012 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by fourth-year head coach Bobby Wilder and played their home games at Foreman Field at S. B. Ballard Stadium. This was their final year as a member of the Colonial Athletic Association (CAA). In 2013, they began a two-year transition to the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), where they became a member of Conference USA. They finished the season 11–2, 7–1 in CAA play to finish in first place. As a departing member from the CAA, they were ineligible for the CAA championship. They received an at–large bid to the FCS Playoffs, where they defeated Coastal Carolina in the second round before falling in the quarterfinals to Georgia Southern.


2012 Old Dominion Monarchs football team, Heinicke's record year
In ODU's 64–61 comeback win over New Hampshire, sophomore quarterback Taylor Heinicke set his first of many records that season. He passed for 730 yards and compiled 791 yards of total offense, setting new Division I records for a single game.


2012 Old Dominion Monarchs football team, Heinicke's record year
During the loss to Georgia Southern in the FCS playoff quarterfinals,  Heinicke passed Steve McNair for the most passing yards in a single season by an FCS quarterback with 5,076 yards. He also became the first quarterback to eclipse the 5,000 yard mark in a season as well as setting the record for most completions in a season with 398 (Villanova's Brett Gordon held the previous record of 386 in 2002). At the conclusion of the season he led the nation in passing yards, passing yards per game, total offense, points responsible for, touchdown passes and total touchdowns.


2012 Old Dominion Monarchs football team, Heinicke's record year
For his performance and record-setting season Heinicke was named CAA Offensive Player of the Year, a first team All-American, the Dudley Award winner, the FCS Player of the Year, and the Walter Payton Award winner.


2012 Old Dominion Monarchs football team, Heinicke's record year
Joining Heinicke as All-Americans were teammates P Jonathan Plisco, DT Chris Burnette, WR Nick Mayers, LT Jack Lowney, and LS Rick Lovato.


2012 Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council election
The 2012 Oldham Council election took place on 3 May 2012 to elect members of Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council in the North West, England. This was on the same day as other 2012 United Kingdom local elections.


2012 Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council election, Ward results, Alexandra ward, Alexandra ward by-election 2013
A by-election was held on Thursday, 9 May 2013 in the Alexandra ward of Oldham. The seat became vacant following the death of Dilys Fletcher in February. The results were as follows:


2012 Oldham explosion
The  2012 Oldham explosion  occurred on 26 June 2012. A house on Buckley Street in Shaw, a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, England exploded at 10:40am. Twelve neighbouring homes were destroyed in the blast amounting to £1.2m of damage. 175 homes were evacuated. 30 firefighters were at the site of the blast. A two-year-old boy was killed and one man injured. A gas leak was reported before the explosion. The two-year-old was later named as Jamie Heaton and the man as Jamie's neighbour; 27-year-old Andrew Partington.


2012 Oldham explosion, Investigation
Initially, the explosion was thought to have being related to a gas leak, particularly as a smell of gas was reported in the area the previous day. However, on the day of the explosion the Greater Manchester Police released a statement confirming the explosion was being treated as suspicious. The day after the explosion National Grid confirmed there was no gas leak at the site of the explosion.


2012 Oldham explosion, Investigation, Gas Worker
On 27 June 2012, the day after the explosion a 32-year-old man was arrested on suspicion of manslaughter. The man was later reported to be a boiler worker and had examined a boiler at Andrew Partington's house.


2012 Oldham explosion, Investigation, Gas Worker
On 29 June 2012, the man was released on bail until 9 August 2012, pending further investigations.


2012 Oldham explosion, Investigation, Gas Worker
On 10 September 2012, Greater Manchester Police confirmed the man was still on bail.


2012 Oldham explosion, Investigation, Gas Worker
On 12 September 2012, following Andrew Partington (another suspect) appearing at court, the boiler worker was eliminated from police enquiries and released without charge.


2012 Oldham explosion, Investigation, Andrew Partington
On 27 June 2012, Andrew Partington a neighbour was arrested whilst in hospital, in connection with the explosion. However, police where unable to immediately question him.


2012 Oldham explosion, Investigation, Andrew Partington
On 10 September 2012, Andrew Partington was charged with manslaughter and criminal damage.


2012 Oldham explosion, Investigation, Andrew Partington
On 12 September 2012, Partington was refused bail after appearing at Manchester Crown Court by video link.


2012 Oldham explosion, Investigation, Andrew Partington
On 28 November 2012, Partington appeared via video link in court and pleaded guilty to causing the death of Jamie Heaton along with eight charges of destroying neighbouring houses after allowing his home to fill with gas.


2012 Oldham explosion, Investigation, Andrew Partington
On 13 February 2013, Partington was prosecuted for manslaughter and eight charges of destroying properties. He was sentenced to 10 years imprisonment and 5 years on license following his release.


2012 Ole Miss Rebels football team
The 2012 Ole Miss Rebels football team represented the University of Mississippi in the 2012 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Hugh Freeze, who was in his first season with Ole Miss. The Rebels played their home games at Vaught–Hemingway Stadium in Oxford, Mississippi, and competed in the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).


2012 Ole Miss Rebels football team
On February 11, 2019, Ole Miss announced the vacation of all wins in the years 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2016. In 2013, all wins except the Music City Bowl were vacated. In 2014, all wins except the Presbyterian game were vacated.


2012 Ole Miss Rebels football team, Previous season
The Rebels came off a disappointing season in which they went 2–10 and went winless in SEC play. As a result, Ole Miss head coach Houston Nutt resigned after compiling a 24–26 record in four seasons. The Rebels also began the year with a new Athletic Director, Ross Bjork, who replaced Pete Boone in the preceding spring.


2012 Olympic Marathon Course
The 2012 Olympic Marathon Course is that of both the men's and women's marathon races at the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games in London.


2012 Olympic Marathon Course
The 42.195-kilometre (26.219-mile) route consists of one short circuit of 3.571 kilometres (2.219 miles) followed by three circuits of 12.875 kilometres (8.0 miles). The course, which was designed to pass many of London's well-known landmarks, starts and finishes on The Mall, within sight of Buckingham Palace, and extends as far as the Tower of London in the east and the Victoria Memorial in the west.


2012 Olympic Marathon Course
The route of the marathon had been changed, for various logistical reasons, from that originally envisaged in London's original 2005 bid for the Games and broke with the normal Olympic tradition that the race finishes inside the main Olympic Stadium.


2012 Olympic Marathon Course
The 2012 Summer Olympics was the third to be held in London. The stated distance of the marathon at the London 1908 Summer Olympics – 26 miles and 385 yards, later converted to metric units as 42.195 kilometres – formed the basis of the standard distance adopted by International Association of Athletics Federations in 1921.


2012 Olympic Marathon Course, The course
The route, as confirmed in October 2010, starts on The Mall about 350 metres from the Victoria Memorial and has four laps, finishing at the start point. It follows the Victoria Embankment towards the City of London where it takes a winding route and continues eastwards to Tower Hill. At this point there is a U-turn and the route heads westwards, again using the Embankment as far as the Palace of Westminster and thence back to The Mall. The last three laps are identical and are exactly 8 miles (12.875 km) each. The first lap, which only incorporates the south-western section of the route, is 2 miles and 385 yards (3.571 km) long.


2012 Olympic Marathon Course, The course
A summary of the course and associated distance points is given below:


2012 Olympic Marathon Course, The course, Route description
Runner's World described the course as "picturesque" as well as "labyrinthine", noting that included among the 111 turns or bends are four U-turns.


2012 Olympic Marathon Course, The course, Route description
The marathon route starts part way along The Mall and, heading away from Buckingham Palace proceeds through Admiralty Arch and past Nelson's Column in Trafalgar Square. A slight turn to the right onto Northumberland Avenue which drops down to near river-level over a distance of 350 metres (a little under a quarter of a mile). On the first lap the runners turn right and continue along the Victoria Embankment, on subsequent laps they turn left and pass under the Hungerford Bridge and follow the River Thames on its downstream path. The Embankment is the longest "straight" stretch in the race, about 1,500 m (nearly a mile) on the outbound leg and 2,100 m on the return leg. It leads the runners past Cleopatra's Needle and the heraldic lions that symbolically defend the limits of the City of London.


2012 Olympic Marathon Course, The course, Route description
After Blackfriars station (at the end of the Embankment), the course climbs Puddle Dock, a short but steep 16-metre hill from Upper Thames Street to Queen Victoria Street which is paved with cobblestones, before reaching the race's highest point of 18 metres on Ludgate Hill close to the south portal of St Paul's Cathedral.


2012 Olympic Marathon Course, The course, Route description
The route passes around the west end of the cathedral, across Paternoster Square, behind St Bartholomew's Hospital and eventually along a winding route including St. Martin's Le Grand, onto Cheapside. On the third lap, runners cross the half way mark within sight of St Mary-le-Bow and within earshot of the "Bow Bells". Leaving Cheapside, the route then goes through the heart of the city, past the offices of many of the world's best known (and lesser known) banks into the Guildhall Yard, home of the Corporation of London.


2012 Olympic Marathon Course, The course, Route description
From the Guildhall, the route passes the Bank of England at Bank junction and down Cornhill, passing the Royal Exchange. At the end of Cornhill, continuing onto a small portion of Leadenhall Street, a right-turn takes the runners into the covered Leadenhall Market. Competitors then make their way onto Eastcheap, via Fenchurch Street and Gracechurch Street, and on towards the Tower of London.


2012 Olympic Marathon Course, The course, Route description
On Tower Hill, a short distance from the Tower's moat, the course makes a U-turn back to Lower Thames Street at the start of the return leg. Leaving Lower Thames Street, the route reaches The Monument dedicated to the Great Fire of London. After The Monument, the return leg has far fewer bends than the outward leg, as it takes the runners along the relatively straight and flat 1,600 m stretch following Cannon Street and back onto Queen Victoria Street.


2012 Olympic Marathon Course, The course, Route description
An S-bend takes the runners back onto the Victoria Embankment, at the far end of which are the Houses of Parliament. About 600 m before the end of the Embankment they rejoin the route taken on the first lap and pass the London Eye on the opposite side of the river. On the first lap, runners turn left onto Westminster Bridge, making a U-turn on the bridge before rejoining the main route.


2012 Olympic Marathon Course, The course, Route description
On the other laps, runners turn right at the end of the Embankment, and continue past Big Ben and Parliament Square and towards Buckingham Palace via Birdcage Walk on the periphery of St James's Park. As the runners approach the palace, another right turn brings the Victoria Memorial into view. The memorial, at the south-western end of the kilometre-long Mall, brings them past the start line which, on the last circuit, is also the finish line.


2012 Olympic Marathon Course, The course, Route description
The distances relative to the lap start point of various prominent landmarks passed on the route are shown in the table below:


2012 Olympic Marathon Course, The course, Changes to original proposal
When London submitted its bid for the Olympic Games in 2004, the bid chairman Sebastian Coe said: "The marathon course has been designed to include as many of the city's landmarks as possible". Although the final route is different from the one proposed in the bid, it still passes many notable landmarks.


2012 Olympic Marathon Course, The course, Changes to original proposal
Originally the route was planned to start at Tower Bridge, run through Tower Hamlets and finish at the Olympic Stadium. It would have had a 580 m "run-in", three laps of 11.61 km circuiting central London and passing through or close to the Tower of London, the Victoria Embankment, the Palace of Westminster, Parliament Square, Westminster Abbey, Birdcage Walk, Green Park, Buckingham Palace, the Mall, Trafalgar Square, Strand, St Paul's Cathedral, and the City of London. After the final circuit, the route would then have headed east for 7.34 km, along Whitechapel Road and Mile End Road, towards the Olympic Park and a finish in the Olympic Stadium.


2012 Olympic Marathon Course, The course, Changes to original proposal
In September 2010 it was reported that the London Organising Committee were considering alternative routes for the 2012 Olympic Marathon as the original route would not be "television-friendly" in London's East-end. After details of the new route had been published, the organisers defended their decision on grounds that the original route would have potentially disrupted other events due to road closures. The changes rerouted the section between Trafalgar Square and St Paul's Cathedral from The Strand to the Victoria Embankment (past Cleopatra's Needle) which would then be bi-directional. It also removed Whitechapel Road and Tower Bridge from the route, while adding the Guildhall Yard and Leadenhall Market. The removal of The Strand from the route allows Waterloo Bridge and Blackfriars Bridge to remain open to traffic.


2012 Olympic Marathon Course, The course, Changes to original proposal
On 27 May 2012, less than two months before the event, The Sunday Times reported another potential logistical problem facing games organisers. In light of the size of the crowds turning out to watch the torch relay, estimates of crowd sizes for the marathon were revised and now suggest that up to 1.5 million people might turn up to watch the event. As there is only a pavement capacity of about 150,000 along the key streets of the event, contingency plans to avoid dangerous overcrowding are being considered.


2012 Olympic Marathon Course, The course, Official measurement of the course
The official measurement of the course took place at 2 a.m. on 13 June 2012. It was carried out by David Katz, a member of the IAAF Technical Committee, using a bicycle fitted with a Jones Counter. He was accompanied by two other measurers: Hugh Jones of London, who estimated he had been over the course more than 20 times in the 10 years since London first started assembling its bid, and Mike Sandford.


2012 Olympic Marathon Course, The course, Compliance with international rules and testing
All international competitions in athletics, including the Olympic games, are governed under the rules of the International Association of Athletics Federations. The IAAF rules define the standard length of the marathon as 42.195 km and specifically state that the course must not be less than this distance. The rules further state that in Olympic competition the standard distance may not be exceeded by more than 0.1%.


2012 Olympic Marathon Course, The course, Compliance with international rules and testing
In order for a marathon performance to be ratified as a world record by the IAAF, the course must also meet other criteria that rule-out "artificially fast times" produced on courses aided by downhill slope or tailwind: the distance between start and end points when measured in a straight line should not exceed 50% of the length of the course (21.092 km in the case of the marathon); and the difference in altitude between the start and end points should be no more than 0.1% of the course length (42.19 m). World records for intermediate distances (i.e. 5 km, 10 km, 20 km, and 30 km) must meet similar requirements. The rules also state that "the distance in kilometres on the route shall be displayed to all athletes" and require that water and refreshments be provided at approximately 5 km intervals.


2012 Olympic Marathon Course, The course, Compliance with international rules and testing
A successful test of the course, its technology and technical aspects, was completed in May 2011 when a test event of the full marathon distance was held. The event included thirty-nine elite athletes.


2012 Olympic Marathon Course, The course, Performances on the course
The Daily Telegraph reported that runners, who took part in the test event in May 2011, said that a world record would not be set on the course due to its windy layout and the later start times, a view echoed in reports in Competitor and Runner's World magazines. Commentators also noted that the cobblestones on the "brief but steep" hill in the vicinity of St Pauls would present further challenges to the runners.


2012 Olympic Marathon Course, The course, Performances on the course
In the women's marathon that took place on Sunday 5 August 2012, Tiki Gelana of Ethiopia set a new women's marathon Olympic record of 2:23:07, clipping 7 seconds off the previous record. The new Olympic record was 7min 42sec slower than Paula Radcliffe's world record set in 2003 during the London Marathon.


2012 Olympic Marathon Course, The course, Performances on the course
The winning time of 2:08:01 by Stephen Kiprotich of Uganda in the men's marathon, on 12 August 2012, was 1:29 outside the Olympic marathon record and 4:23 outside the world marathon record.


2012 Olympic Marathon Course, Comparisons with the London Marathon course
The 2012 Olympic route differed significantly from that of the long-established annual London Marathon. Although the Olympic route shared a finish in The Mall and a section along the Victoria Embankment with the regular London Marathon course, the Olympic event also started in The Mall whilst the London Marathon starts in Greenwich, and the event followed an otherwise different course. The logistical problems behind the design of the London Marathon course (35,000 runners of mixed ability) are very different from those behind the design of the London Olympic Marathon course (100 top-class runners) hence the difference in the routes.


2012 Olympic Marathon Course, London 2012 Paralympic Marathon comparison
The course for the Paralympic Marathon also had four laps which were nearly identical to the 2012 Olympic Marathon course, but avoided certain cobbled areas –  notably Paternoster Square, the Guildhall Yard, Leadenhall Market and the Monument. The start and finish lines on The Mall are separated.


2012 Olympic Marathon Course, Previous London Olympic routes
London has hosted the Olympic games on two previous occasions –  in 1908 and in 1948. The marathon route was different on both occasions and the 2012 route follows yet another route.


2012 Olympic Marathon Course, Previous London Olympic routes, 1908 route
The 1908 games were originally to have been held in Rome, but in April 1906 Mount Vesuvius erupted causing damage to nearby Naples. Italy did not have the resources to stage the games and to rebuild Naples, so London was asked to stage the games. At this time there was no standard length for a marathon, and the 1908 marathon course was originally to have been 25 miles, passing through Uxbridge, Ruislip, Harrow-on-the-Hill before ending at the White City Stadium.


2012 Olympic Marathon Course, Previous London Olympic routes, 1908 route
It was extended to 26 miles and 385 yards (42.195 km) to avoid troublesome cobbles and tram lines, because of access restrictions at Windsor Castle and to improve visibility to the spectators, including Queen Alexandra, for the finishing stretch inside the stadium. This distance subsequently became the official length of the marathon.


2012 Olympic Marathon Course, Previous London Olympic routes, 1948 route
In 1948, London hosted the first Olympic Games to be held after World War II –  the "austerity games". The marathon started and ended at the Wembley Stadium. It was only three years since the end of the war and London still had considerable bomb damage. Unlike the 2012 games, where the route was chosen to show off central London, the 1948 marathon was run along a route that took the runners from Wembley, through Mill Hill, the towns of Borehamwood, Elstree and Radlett and back to Wembley, thereby avoiding the bomb damage in central London.


2012 Olympic hunger summit
The 2012 Olympic hunger summit was an international gathering on 12 August, the closing day of the 2012 Summer Olympics, held at 10 Downing Street London. The event was organised largely by the Department for International Development. It was co-hosted by Britain's prime minister, David Cameron, and by Brazil's vice president Michel Temer. The summit was attended by several high-profile athletes and by delegates from various national governments, the United Nations,  NGOs and from the private sector.


2012 Olympic hunger summit
Since World War II, there had been uneven but substantial progress in reducing the number of people suffering from hunger. Yet in 2007, a lasting period of inflation to the price of food disrupted this progress in several parts of the world. The purpose of the summit was to raise awareness and activity in tackling the problem of world hunger and to announce various concrete initiatives. The event was broadly though cautiously welcomed by aid agencies. It was part of a wider international intensification of efforts to address the problem of hunger.


2012 Olympic hunger summit, Background
The Summit is part of a series of international efforts which have sought to respond to the "return of hunger" as a high-profile global issue. While the problem of hunger had always remained a pressing concern for hundreds of millions of people, the previous few decades leading up to 2007 had seen considerable progress in reducing the number of people suffering from the condition. The Green Revolution of the 1960s and 70s had helped propagate improved agricultural technology throughout the world.


2012 Olympic hunger summit, Background
Progress had been uneven, yet the years that followed generally saw a reduction in the number of people suffering from hunger both as a percentage of the total world population and even in absolute terms. At the turn of the century, estimates from the World Bank suggested that the numbers suffering from chronic hunger had been reduced to close to 800 million, and the Millennium Development Goals included a commitment to achieve a further 50% reduction by 2015. By 2008 it was apparent that meeting this goal would be challenging.


2012 Olympic hunger summit, Background
In some parts of the world, the numbers suffering from hunger had stopped falling, rising due to the lasting global inflation in the price of food which began in late 2006. In 2008, a global food crisis saw food riots breaking out in dozens of countries, with  governments toppled in Haiti and Madagascar. By 2009, World Bank figures suggested the numbers suffering from chronic hunger had increased to just over a billion. Since the L'Aquila Food Security Initiative  which was launched at the   July 2009 G8 Summit, hunger has remained a high-profile issue among the leaders of the advanced economies.


2012 Olympic hunger summit, Background
2009 also saw the lunch of the UN's Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) programme, which has developed into a global movement led principally by developing nations. SUN aims to address the issue of nutrition as well as raw hunger. As a response to the global food crises which began in 2007, some regions have raised production of drought and pest resistant crops such as Cassava. While good for providing raw calories, the crop has limited nutritional value and some strains even have anti-nutritional factors if not cooked properly.


2012 Olympic hunger summit, Background
Millions of children who do not receive adequate nutrition are at risk of permanent stunted growth, even if they are eating a normal amount of calories. The second global food crisis of the 21st century began in late 2010; the 2011 East Africa drought followed shortly afterwards. By mid-2012, the 2012 US drought and a weak Indian monsoon had raised fears of a possible third global food crisis.


2012 Olympic hunger summit, Background
David Cameron announced his intention to hold the Olympic hunger summit in May 2012, a few days after President Barack Obama had launched the "new alliance for food security and nutrition" at the 2012 G8 Summit. British NGOs such as ONE and Save the children had expressed the view that it would be good if Mr Cameron could contribute to the international momentum building to tackle hunger and malnutrition; Britain is due to assume the presidency of the G8 in 2013. Just prior to the summit, Cameron was further urged to do this by a group of athletes in an open letter.


2012 Olympic hunger summit, Announcements
A commitment was made to reduce the number of children left stunted by malnourishment by as much as 25 million prior to the 2016 Olympics, with the EU alone taking responsibility for reducing the number by 7 million. India is doubling their budget for improving nutrition and health, which could affect 100 million women and children. The Children's Investment Fund Foundation announced a multimillion-pound annual investment to reduce stunting and malnutrition.


2012 Olympic hunger summit, Announcements
The UN's World Food Programme is to provide assistance for Rwandan farmers to grow iron-rich beans for emergency food relief. Private sector companies including Unilever, Syngenta and GSK undertook to improving the affordability of nutritious food in poor regions. Britain will fund research into crops that are both drought-resistant and rich in nutrients, as well as research into nutritious seeds and tubers, such as the sweet potato.


2012 Olympic hunger summit, Reception
The summit has been broadly welcomed by aid agencies. Justin Forsyth, CEO of Save the Children, wrote that the boost provided by the summit to the fight against hunger could turn out to be the "real legacy"  of the 2012 games. Molly Kinder,  director for Agriculture and European policy at ONE, told The Guardian she was impressed with the substantive nature of the Summit's outcome, and especially with the EU committing to a specific target, something they rarely do.


2012 Olympic hunger summit, Reception
There has however been concern that the partnerships with big private sector players may distract from the role other large Corporations sometimes have in aggravating hunger, by manipulating global markets to their advantage, and in some cases by purchasing large areas of land in African countries and then driving small holders from their farms. George Monbiot says the summit may distract from the West's role in worsening hunger by setting targets that cause arable lands to be used to produce bio fuel instead of food. Writing just before the summit, British food bank network The Trussell Trust warned that attention is also needed for the growing problem of domestic hunger within Britain, where millions are now suffering from food insecurity.


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign
The 2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign refers to an international campaign created to persuade the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to hold one minute of silence at the opening ceremony of the 2012 London Olympics to remember the Israeli athletes killed in the Munich massacre at the 1972 Olympics by the Palestinian terrorist organization Black September.


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign
Support for the campaign came from a number of high-ranking officials and governments, including the United States Congress, U.S. President Barack Obama, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, U.S. Republican Party presidential candidate Mitt Romney, the Italian Parliament, the Australian Parliament, the Canadian Parliament, the German Parliament, and German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle.


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign
The IOC declined the request for a minute of silence at the opening ceremony, but IOC officials honoured the victims at a ceremony organised by the Israeli embassy and the Jewish community in London during the Olympics on August 6, 2012. A further ceremony was planned in Germany on the anniversary of the attack on September 5, 2012 at the military airfield of Fürstenfeldbruck. IOC President Rogge led a spontaneous minute of silence during a ceremony on July 23, 2012 which promoted the Olympic truce, marking the first time ever that the IOC honored the Israeli victims in a ceremony inside an Olympic village.


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Background
The Munich massacre occurred during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, in southern West Germany, when members of the Israeli Olympic team were taken hostage and eventually murdered by the Palestinian group Black September. The kidnappers killed eleven Israeli athletes and coaches, as well as a West German police officer.


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Background
Following the attack, a memorial service was held in the Olympic Stadium, although the International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Avery Brundage did not refer to the athletes during his speech. Since the memorial, the IOC has repeatedly rejected calls to commemorate the victims during the Olympics or hold an official memorial service.


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Initial attempts
The families of the murdered athletes have attempted since the massacre to receive official remembrance for those killed in the massacre, starting with the Montreal Olympics in 1976.


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Initial attempts
Ankie Spitzer, the widow of Israeli coach Andrei Spitzer, has helped lead the campaign, and has described the idea of a minute of silence or other form of commemoration as "natural in our [the families'] eyes." However, Spitzer said,


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Initial attempts
But they told us very clearly: "There are 21 Arab delegations that will leave if we say something about the Israeli athletes." So I said: "Let them leave if they can't understand what the Olympics are all about – a connection between people through sport."


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Initial attempts
Since the Montreal Olympics, the IOC has continued to reject any official commemoration of the victims. Spitzer explained that the International Olympics Committee says it is not in the "protocol of the opening ceremony to have a commemoration." However, Spitzer said, "Well, my husband coming home in a coffin was not in the protocol either. This was the blackest page in Olympic history. These 11 athletes were part of the Olympic family, they were not accidental tourists. They should be remembered as part of the Olympic framework."


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Campaign
In April 2012, the year of the 40th anniversary of the Munich massacre, an online petition was created titled "Tell the International Olympic Committee: 40 Years is Enough! ", to urge the  International Olympic Committee to honour the memory of the eleven murdered athletes in one minute of silence. The Jewish Community Center of Rockland County, New York, initiated the petition with Ankie Spitzer, the wife of Andrei Spitzer, who was killed at the Munich Olympics. The petition says, "Just one minute — at the 2012 London Summer Olympics and at every Olympic Game, to promote peace." When the London Olympics took place in July, over 100,000 people had signed the petition in support of one minute of silence.


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Campaign
Later during the same month, Israeli Deputy Foreign Minister Danny Ayalon wrote an official letter to the International Olympic Committee, in which he requested the commemoration of the eleven murdered athletes in a minute of silence, as well as an emphasis on the Olympic principles of equality and brotherhood. Ayalon said, "We must remain vigilant against acts of hate and intolerance that stand in contrast to the ideals of the international Olympics."


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Support
Support for the one minute of silence campaign for the London 2012 Olympics emerged from across the globe. Calls for a minute of silence also came from various parliaments and government officials. In addition, over 100,000 people signed a petition in support of one minute of silence.


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Support, Australia
Prime Minister Julia Gillard, Deputy Prime Minister Wayne Swan, Foreign Minister Bob Carr, opposition leader Tony Abbott, New South Wales Premier Barry O'Farrell, Victorian Premier Ted Baillieu, and federal lawmakers Michael Danby and Josh Frydenberg signed a letter urging the International Olympics Committee to hold one minute of silence. The letter said, "Silence is a fitting tribute for the athletes who lost their lives on the Olympic stage. Silence contains no statements, assumptions or beliefs and requires no understanding of language to interpret."


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Support, Australia
Australian lawmakers unanimously supported a motion that supported a minute of silence during the opening ceremony of the London Olympics. Prime Minister Julia Gillard and opposition leader Tony Abbot voted for the motion as well. The motion said that the impact of 1972 Munich Massacre "has been seared on world consciousness" and urged the International Olympic Committee to commemorate the 40th anniversary.


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Support, Canada
The House of Commons unanimously adopted a motion by Liberal Member of Parliament Irwin Cotler to support the campaign for a special tribute for the victims of the Munich Massacre.


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Support, Canada
Minister of State for Sport Bal Gosal and Minister of Foreign Affairs John Baird urged IOC President Jacques Rogge to reconsider his position against commemorating the victims. They wrote, "The terrorist attack targeted not only Israel, but the spirit and goals of the Olympic movement. Given the impact of this tragedy, on the Olympic community as a whole and the world, it should be marked publicly as part of the official ceremony of the games, not just by the Israeli delegation."


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Support, Germany
Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle supported a minute of silence at the London Olympics in a letter to Jacques Rogge, the president of the International Olympics Committee. Westerwelle wrote that the Munich Massacre was "also an attack on the Olympic Games and the Olympic idea of promoting peace and friendship among the nations."


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Support, Germany
Westerwelle recognized that the focus of the Olympics must be the sports competition, but also appealed to Rogge for "a moment's pause at an appropriate time" during the Olympics, which would be "a humanitarian gesture and a fitting way to send the message that violence and terror are incompatible with the Olympic idea." Westerwelle added that Germany "looks back with grief and anguish on the tragedy of Munich" and their thoughts are with the victims, their families, and the Israeli team members who survived.


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Support, Germany
Parliament President Norbert Lammert pledged his support for one minute of silence in an official letter to Israel's Knesset Speaker Reuven Rivlin. Rivlin said, "That Germany, on whose territory the terrorist attacks were carried out, joined the cause is extremely significant." "The case for a minute of silence to mark the 40th anniversary of the massacre is a moral cause of the first order."


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Support, United Kingdom
The London Assembly unanimously agreed on a motion that called on Mayor Boris Johnson to ensure that the victims of the 1972 Munich Massacre are remembered during the 2012 Games with a minute of silence in the Olympic Park during the opening or closing ceremonies. The motion said:


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Support, United Kingdom
This Assembly notes the widespread, cross-party, support for one minute's silence during the London Olympic Games to mark the 10th Olympiad since and 40th anniversary of the terrorist massacre of Israeli competitors and their coaches during the 1972 Munich Olympics. This Assembly urges the Mayor of London to use his position and influence to ensure an official minute's silence remembrance is observed in the Olympic Park during the Opening or Closing Ceremonies of the London Olympic Games.


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Support, United Kingdom
Andrew Dismore AM proposed the motion and said, "It is 40 years since this terrible attack took place and there has not once been a memorial service or event officially part of the scheduled events at Olympic Games. This is simply not good enough. The IOC say to have a minute's silence to commemorate these victims of terrorism would be a 'political gesture' but surely not having a minute's silence is, in itself, the political gesture. This is not about the nationality of the victims – they were Olympians." Roger Evans AM seconded the motion and said,  "The IOC needs to show some political courage and allow the commemoration of a tragedy that affected their guests during their event in their venue forty years ago. This important decision should not be dictated by a small number of their members."


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Support, Italy
Approximately 140 members of Italy's parliament urged the International Olympic Committee to observe one minute of silence on the 40th anniversary of the Munich Massacre in a letter they wrote to the IOC.


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Support, United States
The United States Senate unanimously passed a resolution which urged the International Olympic Committee to hold one minute of silence. The United States House of Representatives unanimously passed a similar bill brought by the United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs, but the full body did not receive a chance to vote on it. The House of Representatives held a moment of silence themselves, and one-minute speeches were given on the House floor as well.


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Support, United States
Representative Eliot Engel, who cosponsored the resolution in support of a minute of silence, blamed the IOC's refusal on "being political because frankly they’re afraid of offending some of the Arab nations." However, Engel said, "If you have this fiction of fraternal bonds and commonality of feeling, then it's appropriate for the IOC to act without any politics whatsoever. The only reason they haven’t done this in 40 years is because it's Israeli athletes, and that makes it even more disgraceful."


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Support, United States
President Barack Obama said that he "absolutely" supports a minute of silence. National Security Council spokesman Tommy Vietor said "We absolutely support the campaign for a minute of silence at the Olympics to honor the Israeli athletes killed in Munich."


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Support, United States
United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton wrote to the International Olympics Committee President Jacques Rogge to urge the IOC to hold an "appropriate memorial event" in London for the victims of the Munich massacre, and urged the IOC to reverse their decision against holding a minute of silence.


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Support, United States
Republican presidential candidate, Governor Mitt Romney, supported one minute of silence. Andrea Saul, a spokeswoman for Mitt Romney, said, "Governor Romney supports the moment of silence in remembrance of the Israeli athletes killed in the Munich Olympic Games."


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, International Olympic Committee response
The International Olympic Committee refused to hold one minute of silence at the 40th anniversary of the Munich massacre. IOC President Jacques Rogge said that, "We feel that the opening ceremony is an atmosphere that is not fit to remember such a tragic incident."


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, International Olympic Committee response
However, Rogge said that the IOC would honour the victims of the Munich massacre at a reception in London during the Olympics on August 6, and that IOC officials would attend a ceremony in Germany on the anniversary of the attack on September 5 at the military airfield of Fürstenfeldbruck, where most of the Israelis died during a botched rescue attempt. Rogge also said that he has attended several ceremonies with the Israeli Olympic Committee and Israeli athletes during recent games.


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, International Olympic Committee response
Despite the refusal to honour the victims during the opening ceremony of the Olympics, on July 23 IOC President Jacques Rogge led a minute of silence during a ceremony which promoted the Olympic truce. This was the first time that the IOC honoured the Israeli victims in a ceremony inside an Olympic village. Rogge started by "honoring the memory of the 11 Israeli Olympians who shared the ideals that have brought us together in this beautiful Olympic village" and said that the Israelis "came to Munich in the spirit of peace and solidarity."


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, International Olympic Committee response
Rogge added, "we owe it to them to keep that spirit alive and to remember them." In response to Rogge's spontaneous minute of silence, Ilana Romano, the widow of Israeli weightlifter Yossef Romano, said, "He is trying to do the bare minimum," and called it "shameful." Ankie Spitzer, the widow of Israeli coach Andrei Spitzer, also criticized Rogge, saying, "This is not the right solution, to hold some ceremony in front of 30 or 40 people. We asked for a moment of silence at the opening ceremony, not for someone to mumble something in front of a few dozen people."


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, International Olympic Committee response
At the London commemoration on August 6, Romano told Rogge he had "submitted to terrorism", and would be "written down on the pages of history as ... a president who violated the Olympic charter calls for brotherhood, friendship and peace." Their attacks were applauded by the audience, but afterwards some attendees privately expressed discomfort at the sustained attack on Rogge, and Andrew Gilbert, formerly chair of Limmud International tweeted that "the memorial service for Munich 11 became an anti-IOC rally and heavy-handed humiliation of Rogge".'


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, International Olympic Committee response, Reactions to IOC response
Jibril Rajoub, the president of the Palestine Olympic Committee, thanked Jacques Rogge in a letter for refusing to hold a minute of silence, saying that it promotes the "spread of racism" and that the Palestinian Olympic team was prepared to "confront the Israeli provocations," referring to a minute of silence. Rajoub added that "sport in Palestine is a means to achieve national goals" as well as "a tool of struggle to present the Palestinian cause," and that "sports are a bridge to love, interconnection, and spreading of peace among nations."


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, International Olympic Committee response, Reactions to IOC response
Al-Hayat al-Jadida, the official daily newspaper of the Palestinian National Authority referred to the Munich massacre as "the Munich Operation." Israeli Deputy Foreign Minister Danny Ayalon denounced the use of the term "racist" by Rajoub, and insisted that the murder of the Israeli Olympians due to their nationality was the racist act.


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, International Olympic Committee response, Reactions to IOC response
Ankie Spitzer and Ilana Romano urged members of the crowd to stand for a spontaneous minute of silence during the opening ceremony. Spitzer claimed that Rogge was using a Munich ceremony organised by the Israelis and the London Jewish community on August 6 as an excuse not to hold the moment of silence. Spitzer said, "Jacques Rogge is using it as a hideaway. If the Israeli embassy and London Jewish community were not organizing it, he would not have any memorial to go to."


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, International Olympic Committee response, Reactions to IOC response
When the Israeli delegation entered the Olympic Stadium, NBC sportscaster Bob Costas noted that the International Olympic Committee denied the requests for a minute of silence, saying in an interview that "many people find that denial more than puzzling but insensitive." During the opening ceremony, Costas referred to the spontaneous minute of silence the week before as insufficient, saying, "Still, for many, tonight with the world watching is the true time and place to remember those who were lost and how and why they died."


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, International Olympic Committee response, Reactions to IOC response
Congressman Eliot Engel condemned the IOC's refusal, saying, "Shame on you!" Joseph Potasnik, vice president of the New York board of rabbis, said, "37,360: these are the number of minutes in the entire Olympics and they didn't find one."


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, International Olympic Committee response, Reactions to IOC response
Barbara Berger, whose brother David Mark Berger was killed in the Munich massacre, felt dismayed and offended at the rejection, explaining that "A moment of silence may not seem like much. But to us, to the families who lost so much, that silent respect will speak volumes." Such a moment:


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, International Olympic Committee response, Reactions to IOC response
would not just be a memorial for Israel; it would be a memorial for all Olympians. Our children and brothers, the Munich 11, were not only children of Israel, but children of the Olympics. They embodied the Olympic spirit of teamwork and community, of honest competition and our common humanity. They were integral embers in the flame of the Olympic torch. They were killed only because of who they were: Jews, Israelis, champions of the Jewish state.


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, International Olympic Committee response, Reactions to IOC response
Aly Raisman, a Jewish-American gymnast who won a gold medal at the 2012 London Olympics, expressed her support for a minute of silence at the Olympics, saying that, "The fact it was on the 40th anniversary is special, and winning the gold today means a lot to me. If there had been a moment's silence, I would have supported it and respected it."


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, International Olympic Committee response, Reactions to IOC response
On August 9, Irwin Cotler, a former Canadian justice minister and attorney-general and a then-member of Parliament, wrote a last-minute plea to Rogge to hold a minute of silence at the closing ceremony of the Olympics. Cotler wrote:


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, International Olympic Committee response, Reactions to IOC response
The refusal of the IOC to observe a moment of silence on the 40th anniversary of the Munich massacre – the slaughter of 11 Israeli athletes and coaches for no other reason than that they were Israelis and Jews – is as offensive as it is incomprehensible.


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, International Olympic Committee response, Reactions to IOC response
It is not hard to infer that not only were the athletes killed because they were Israeli and Jewish, but that the moment of silence is being denied them also because they are Israeli and Jewish.


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, International Olympic Committee response, Reactions to IOC response
These 11 Israeli Olympians were part of the Olympic family, they were murdered as members of the Olympic family, they should be remembered by the Olympic family at these Olympic Games themselves.


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, International Olympic Committee response, Reactions to IOC response
Cotler said that the IOC's "steadfast reluctance" to hold a minute of silence ignores and mocks "the calls for a moment of silence by Government leaders... and the sustained international public campaign and anguished civil society appeals."


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, International Olympic Committee response, Reactions to IOC response
Cotler also mentioned that such a memorial would not be unprecedented, mentioning the minute of silence observed in memory of the Georgian athlete Nodar Kumaritashvili in the 2010 Winter Olympics; the 2002 Winter Olympics' memorialization of the victims of 9/11; and the 2012 Summer Olympics' memorialization of the victims of the 7 July 2005 London bombings, which happened the day after London was awarded the games. Cotler noted that neither of the last two terrorist attacks he mentioned were connected to the Olympics.


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Non-IOC commemorations
On July 25, 2012, the Italian Chamber of Deputies held a minute of silence to mark the 40th anniversary of the Munich massacre and in honour of the victims of the massacre. On July 29, members of the Italian Olympic delegation also held a moment of silence. Those in attendance consisted of approximately 30 individuals, as well as the Italian Tourism and Sports Minister Piero Gnudi, the head of the Italian Olympic Committee Gianni Petrucci, the Chairman of the Israeli Olympic Committee Zvi Varshaviak, and the head of the Israeli delegation Efraim Zinger.


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Non-IOC commemorations
On July 27, 2012, over 20,000 people throughout London attended a "Minute for Munich" program organised by the British Zionist Federation. On the same day, a memorial was held in Trafalgar Square that was attended by approximately 400 people to commemorate the 40th anniversary of Munich massacre. The event, organised by the British Israel Coalition, was "a response to the International Olympic Committee's sustained refusal to include a minute of silence in the opening ceremony due to be held tonight."


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Non-IOC commemorations
British Prime Minister David Cameron agreed to attend a commemoration at Guildhall to mark the 40th anniversary of the Munich massacre and in honour of the victims of the massacre. Prime Minister Cameron said, "It's right that in 2012 – 40 years on from the Munich Olympics – we remember the Israeli team members who were killed there."


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Non-IOC commemorations
Israelis marked the 40th anniversary of the Munich massacre in London, during which prayers were read for the 11 murdered Israelis, wreaths were laid, and a plaque was unveiled approximately four miles from the Olympic Stadium. London Mayor Boris Johnson attended the event, and recalled watching the massacre in 1972 unfold when he was 8 years old.


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Non-IOC commemorations
Johnson said, "What sticks in my mind is that sense of sacrilege and a feeling of horror that the world's greatest sporting event should suffer such an attack, and that an attack should be mounted against people who had been training for what should have been the greatest event in their lives. And I think the world watched with a sense of numb disbelief as those events unfolded because sport should transcend politics." In addition, Israeli TV commentators held an informal 30-second silence during the Olympics opening ceremony.


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Non-IOC commemorations
On July 31, a minute of silence was held aboard an EasyJet flight from London to Israel as their airplane flew over Munich, Germany. The captain of the flight agreed to a request from the passengers to hold a minute of silence, and asked passengers to do so.


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Non-IOC commemorations
A memorial ceremony was held on August 6, organised by the National Olympic Committee of Israel, the embassy of Israel in London, and the Jewish Committee for the London Games. IOC president Jacques Rogge, British Prime Minister David Cameron, London mayor Boris Johnson, Israeli Sports and Culture Minister Limor Livnat and other representatives attended the ceremony. A message of support was read from Charles, the Prince of Wales. Prime Minister Cameron said:


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Non-IOC commemorations
It is right that we should stop and remember the 11 Israeli athletes who so tragically lost their lives when those values came under attack in Munich 40 years ago. It was a truly shocking act of evil. A crime against the Jewish people. A crime against humanity. A crime the world must never forget.


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Non-IOC commemorations
Cameron also recalled the 7 July 2005 London bombings, and that Britain too had suffered from terrorism. Livnat said that "not observing a silence grants a moral victory to the evil." Ankie Spitzer said "Is the IOC only interested in power and money and politics? Did they forget that they are supposed to promote peace, brotherhood and fair play?" Spitzer and Ilana Romana, who had previously requested that Rogge be banned from the ceremony, said that the IOC had discriminated against the dead athletes because they were Israelis and Jews. They added that they were personally hurt and felt insulted by Rogge. Spitzer exclaimed, "Shame on you!" in reference to IOC President Rogge for refusing to hold one minute of silence.


2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign, Non-IOC commemorations
At the JCC Maccabi Games opening ceremonies at the JCC Rockland in suburban New York, Ankie Spitzer will lead a livestreamed, worldwide minute of silence to honour the 11 Israeli athletes who were killed in the Munich massacre.


2012 Omaha Beef season
The 2012 Omaha Beef season was the thirteenth season as a professional indoor football franchise and their fourth in the Indoor Football League (IFL). One of 16 teams competing in the IFL for the 2012 season, the Omaha Beef were members of the United Conference.


2012 Omaha Beef season
The team played their home games under head coach Bruce Cowdrey for the first eight games of the season, before he was replaced by Andy Yost and James Kerwin as co-head coaches, at the Omaha Civic Auditorium in Omaha, Nebraska. The Beef earned a 6-8 record, placing 5th in the United Conference, failing to qualify for the postseason.


2012 Omaha Nighthawks season
The 2012 Omaha Nighthawks season was the third and final season for the United Football League franchise.


2012 Omaha Nighthawks season, Offseason
Following the 2011 season, Joe Moglia was hired as head coach at Coastal Carolina. When the 2012 UFL schedule was released on August 1, 2012, so was the confirmation that Bart Andrus would be taking over the position.


2012 Omaha Nighthawks season, Television broadcasting
For 2012, all Nighthawks games, as well as all other UFL games, were slated to be broadcast nationally on CBS Sports Network.


2012 Omaha Nighthawks season, Season Cancellation
The league suspended operations in October due to funding issues,


2012 Omaha Nighthawks season, Personnel, Roster
Rookies in italicsRoster updated October 19, 201250 Active, 0 Inactive


2012 Oman Super Cup
The 2012 Oman Super Cup was the tenth edition of the Oman Super Cup, an annual football match between the previous season's champions of the Oman Professional League and the champions of the Sultan Qaboos Cup. In 2012, Fanja SC, the champion of the 2011-12 Oman Professional League, played Dhofar S.C.S.C., the champion of the 2011 Sultan Qaboos Cup. The match was played at the Royal Oman Police Stadium in Muscat, Oman, on 29 August 2012, with Fanja winning 1-0.


2012 Omega Pharma–Quick-Step season
The 2012 season for Omega Pharma–Quick-Step began in January at the Tour Down Under. As a UCI ProTeam, they were automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour.


2012 Omega Pharma–Quick-Step season
At the end of the 2011 season, Omega Pharma parted company with co-sponsors Lotto after seven seasons together, and later rejoined the former Quick Step team; announcing a deal prior to their split with Lotto, in August.


2012 Omiya Ardija season
The 2012 Omiya Ardija season is Omiya Ardija's eighth consecutive season in J. League Division 1. Omiya Ardija are also competing in the 2012 Emperor's Cup and 2012 J. League Cup.


2012 Omloop Het Nieuwsblad
The 2012 Omloop Het Nieuwsblad took place on 25 February 2012. It was the 67th edition of the international classic Omloop Het Nieuwsblad. This year's Omloop started and ended at St. Peter's Square in Ghent, Belgium and spanned 200 km (124.3 mi) in the province of East Flanders. The race was the first 1.HC event in the 2012 UCI Europe Tour.


2012 Omloop Het Nieuwsblad
The race was won by Belgium's Sep Vanmarcke of the Garmin–Barracuda team, taking his first professional victory in a three-man sprint finish in Ghent. Vanmarcke out-sprinted Omega Pharma–Quick-Step's Tom Boonen and Team Sky's Juan Antonio Flecha, the 2010 winner, to the line.


2012 Omloop Het Nieuwsblad, Teams
As this was a UCI 1.HC event, the organizers, the Flanders Classics Federation, were allowed to invite UCI ProTeams (maximum 70% of the total field), UCI Professional Continental teams, and UCI Continental teams.


2012 Omloop Het Nieuwsblad, Teams
Non ProTeams teams are indicated by an asterisk below. Each of the 25 teams were permitted up to eight riders, for a total of 196 riders.


2012 Omloop Het Nieuwsblad (women's race)
The 2012 Omloop Het Nieuwsblad – Women's race took place on 25 February 2012. It was the 7th women's edition of the Omloop Het Nieuwsblad. This year's Omloop started and ended at St. Peter's Square in Ghent, Belgium and spanned 119.4 km (74.2 mi) in the province of East Flanders.


2012 Omloop Het Nieuwsblad (women's race)
The race was won by Dutch rider Loes Gunnewijk who won a side-by-side sprint of Ellen van Dijk. Trixi Worrack finished third.


2012 Omloop Het Nieuwsblad (women's race), Race Overview
The women's parcours was 119.4 km, with seven climbs, including the Kluisberg, Côte de Trieu, Paterberg, Edelareberg, Wolvenberg and Molenberg. When the race hit the Paterberg, Elisa Longo Borghini of Hitec-Mistral was the first to top the climb, leading a group of ten or so riders, with a strong group of 12, including Loes Gunnewijk, chasing at 90 seconds behind them. From here onwards, the front of the race was full of attacks, escapes and regroupings.


2012 Omloop Het Nieuwsblad (women's race), Race Overview
Noemi Cantele, racing for her brand-new team, was especially aggressive, but couldn't make it away from the front group of 12 which had formed at the half-way point of the Côte de Trieu - Cantele; Gunnewijk, Tiffany Cromwell and Amanda Spratt of GreenEdge-AIS; Longo Borghini and Lise Nøstvold of Hitec-Mistral; Ellen van Dijk and Trixi Worrack of Team Specialized–lululemon; Martine Bras (Dolmans-Boels); Pauline Ferrand-Prévot (Rabobank); and Lizzie Armitstead (AA Drink-Leontien.nl). Behind them on the road, the race was all small groups, and the group had its share of drama, with Armitstead crashing, and having to chase back with Van Dijk, as well as the usual women's-style attacking at every possible opportunity.


2012 Omloop Het Nieuwsblad (women's race), Race Overview
The attacks continued, but none could stick, until at about 20–30 km to go, Gunnewijk attacked on the long cobbled stretch of the Paddestraat. Once the cobbles were over, Van Dijk was able the only one able to bridge across to her, and the two Dutchwomen worked together, to make this attack permanent, with their team-mates behind them to disrupt the chase. At 12 km to go, the pair had 1' 36" on the group, and the race was set up for an exciting duel - Van Dijk the better sprinter, but Gunnewijk a rouleur with some of the best tactical skills out there, looking for her opportunity to escape.


2012 Omloop Het Nieuwsblad (women's race), Race Overview
In the end, it was Gunnewijk's attack that won the day, and Van Dijk's team-mate Trixi Worrack completing the podium, winning the sprint for third from the chase group home (and another teammate, Chloe Hosking, sprinting to lead the next group home). It was a tough race, with only 36 out of the 97 riders who finished making it in within the 5% timecut.


2012 Ondo State gubernatorial election
The 2012 Ondo State gubernatorial election occurred on October 20, 2012. Incumbent governor, LP's Olusegun Mimiko won election for a second term, defeating other party candidates. Mimiko received 43.79% of the total vote and won in 13 of the state's 18 LGAs, closely followed by PDP's Olusola Oke who won in two LGAs with 26.25% of total votes, while the ACN candidate, Rotimi Akeredolu, who won in three LGAs came third with 24.15% of the votes. Mimiko becomes the first Incumbent governor of Ondo State to be re-elected.


2012 Ondo State gubernatorial election
Olusegun Mimiko was the LP nominee at the primary election. His running mate was Ali Olanusi.


2012 Ondo State gubernatorial election, Electoral system
The Governor of Ondo State is elected using the plurality voting system.


2012 Ondo State gubernatorial election, Results
A total of 13 candidates registered with the Independent National Electoral Commission. LP candidate Olusegun Mimiko won the election for a second term, defeating other party candidates. Mimiko received 43.79% of the votes, defeating PDP candidate, Olusola Oke with 26.25% and ACN candidate Rotimi Akeredolu with 24.15%.


2012 Ondo State gubernatorial election, Results
The total number of registered voters was 1,638,950, while the accredited voters were 645,597. The total votes cast was 624,659, of which 594,244 were valid votes and 30,415 were invalid votes. From across the 18 LGAs, 49.80% of the voters were male, while 50.20% were female.


2012 Ondo State gubernatorial election, Results, By local government area
Here are the results of the election by local government area for the two major parties. 13 political parties participated in the election. Yellow represents LGAs won by Olusegun Mimiko. Green represents LGAs won by Oke.


2012 Ondrej Nepela Memorial
The 2012 Ondrej Nepela Memorial (Slovak: Memoriál Ondreja Nepelu) was the 20th edition of an annual international figure skating competition held in Bratislava, Slovakia. It took place on October 3–7, 2012 at the Ondrej Nepela Ice Rink Skaters competed in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies singles, pairs, and ice dancing at the senior level.


2012 Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts
The 2012 Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Ontario's women's provincial curling championship, was held from January 23 to 29 at the Kenora Curling Club in Kenora, Ontario. The winning team of Tracy Horgan represented Ontario at the 2012 Scotties Tournament of Hearts in Red Deer, Alberta, where they finished with a 4-7 record.


2012 Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Qualification Process
Ten teams qualified for the provincial tournament through several methods. Four teams qualified from Northern Ontario, two teams qualified from Regions 1&2, two teams qualified from regions 3&4 and two teams qualified from the Challenge Round.


2012 Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Qualification
Southern Ontario zones run from December 9 to 11, 2011, and December 16 to 19, 2011. Two teams from each zone qualify to two regional tournaments, and two teams from each of the two tournaments qualify to the provincials. Two additional teams qualify out of a second chance qualifier.


2012 Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Qualification
The Northern Ontario provincial championship were held from December 8 to 11 at the Copper Cliff Curling Club in Copper Cliff, Ontario. Four teams qualified out of the Northern Ontario championship.


2012 Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Qualification, Southern Ontario Zone Qualification, Zone 3
As there were no teams entered in this zone, seeds 3A and 3B will be filled by seeds from Zone 7.


2012 Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Qualification, Southern Ontario Zone Qualification, Zone 4
December 16–18 at the Brighton & District Curling Club, Brighton


2012 Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Qualification, Southern Ontario Zone Qualification, Zone 4
As there was only one team entered in this zone, Farnell will be seeded as seed 4A, and seed 4B will be filled by a seed from Zone 7.


2012 Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Qualification, Southern Ontario Zone Qualification, Zone 7
December 17–18 at the Bayview Golf & Country Club, Thornhill


2012 Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Qualification, Southern Ontario Zone Qualification, Zone 11
December 16–18 at the Blue Water Curling Club, Owen Sound


2012 Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Qualification, Southern Ontario Zone Qualification, Zone 11
As there was only one team entered in this zone, Bishop will be seeded as seed 11A, and seed 11B will be filled by a seed from Zone 10.


2012 Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Qualification, Southern Ontario Zone Qualification, Zone 12
December 9–11 at the Elmira & District Curling Club, Elmira


2012 Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Qualification, Southern Ontario Zone Qualification, Zone 14
As there were no teams entered in this zone, seeds 14A and 14B will be filled by seeds from Zone 12.


2012 Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Northern Ontario Provincials
The Northern Ontario provincials were held from December 8 to 11, 2011, at the Copper Cliff Curling Club in Copper Cliff, Ontario. The top four teams advanced to the provincial playoffs.


2012 Open 13
The 2012 Open 13 was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 19th edition of the Open 13, and was part of the World Tour 250 tier of the 2012 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Palais des Sports in Marseille, France, from 20 February through 26 February 2010. Juan Martín del Potro won the singles title.


2012 Open 13, Doubles main draw entrants, Other entrants
The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:


2012 Open 13, Finals, Doubles
Nicolas Mahut /  Édouard Roger-Vasselin defeated  Dustin Brown /  Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, 3–6, 6–4, [10–6]


2012 Open 13 – Doubles
Robin Haase and Ken Skupski were the defending champions, but Haase decided not to participate. Skupski played alongside Jamie Delgado but were eliminated in the semifinals. Nicolas Mahut and Édouard Roger-Vasselin defeated Dustin Brown and Jo-Wilfried Tsonga 3–6, 6–3, [10–6] in the final to win the title.


2012 Open 13 – Singles
Robin Söderling was the defending champion but couldn't participate. Juan Martín del Potro won the title by defeating Michaël Llodra 6–4, 6–4 in the final.


2012 Open 88 Contrexéville
The 2012 Open 88 Contrexéville was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 6th edition of the tournament and was part of the 2012 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Contrexéville, France between 16 and 22 July 2012.


2012 Open 88 Contrexéville, WTA entrants, Other Entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:


2012 Open 88 Contrexéville – Doubles
Valentyna Ivakhnenko and Kateryna Kozlova were the defending champions, but they chose to participate in Donetsk.


2012 Open 88 Contrexéville – Doubles
Yuliya Beygelzimer and Renata Voráčová won the title defeating Tereza Mrdeža and Silvia Njirić in the final 6–1, 6–1.


2012 Open 88 Contrexéville – Singles
Iryna Brémond was the defending champion, but chose not to participate.


2012 Open 88 Contrexéville – Singles
Aravane Rezaï won the title defeating Yvonne Meusburger in the final 6–3, 2–6, 6–3.


2012 Open BNP Paribas Banque de Bretagne
The 2012 Open BNP Paribas Banque de Bretagne was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the eleventh edition of the tournament which was part of the 2012 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Quimper, France between 6 and 12 February 2012.


2012 Open BNP Paribas Banque de Bretagne, ATP entrants, Other Entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:


2012 Open BNP Paribas Banque de Bretagne, ATP entrants, Other Entrants
The following players received entry as a special exempt into the singles main draw:


2012 Open BNP Paribas Banque de Bretagne, ATP entrants, Other Entrants
The following players received entry as a lucky loser into the singles main draw:


2012 Open BNP Paribas Banque de Bretagne, Champions, Doubles
Pierre-Hugues Herbert /  Maxime Teixeira def. Dustin Brown /  Jonathan Marray, 7–6(7–5), 6–4


2012 Open BNP Paribas Banque de Bretagne – Doubles
James Cerretani and Adil Shamasdin were the defending champions but decided not to participate. Pierre-Hugues Herbert and Maxime Teixeira won the title, defeating Dustin Brown and Jonathan Marray 7–6(7–5), 6–4 in the final.


2012 Open BNP Paribas Banque de Bretagne – Singles
David Guez was the defending champion, but lost in the first round to first seeded Édouard Roger-Vasselin. Igor Sijsling won the final 6–3, 6–4 against Malek Jaziri.


2012 Open Barletta Trofeo Dimiccoli & Boraccino
The 2012 Open Barletta Trofeo Dimiccoli & Boraccino was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 16th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2012 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Barletta, Italy between 2 and 8 April 2012.


2012 Open Barletta Trofeo Dimiccoli & Boraccino, Singles main draw entrants, Other Entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:


2012 Open Barletta Trofeo Dimiccoli & Boraccino – Doubles
Lukáš Rosol and Igor Zelenay were the defending champions but Rosol decided not to participate. Zelenay played alongside Jonathan Marray. Johan Brunström and Dick Norman won the title, defeating Marray and Zelenay 6–4, 7–5 in the final.


2012 Open Barletta Trofeo Dimiccoli & Boraccino – Singles
Aljaž Bedene defended his title by defeating Potito Starace 6–2, 6–0 in the final.


2012 Open Castilla y León
The 2012 Open Castilla y León was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 27th edition of the tournament which was part of the Tretorn SERIE+ of the 2012 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Segovia, Spain between 21 and 27 August 2012.


2012 Open Castilla y León, ATP entrants, Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:


2012 Open Castilla y León – Doubles
Johan Brunström and Frederik Nielsen were the defending champions, but decided not to participate. Stefano Ianni and Florin Mergea won the title by defeating Konstantin Kravchuk and Nikolaus Moser 6–2, 6–3 in the final.


2012 Open Castilla y León – Singles
Karol Beck was the defending champion, but chose not to participate this year. Evgeny Donskoy won the tournament by defeating Albano Olivetti 6–1, 7–6(13–11) in the final.


2012 Open Championship
The 2012 Open Championship was a men's major golf championship and the 141st Open Championship, held from 19 to 22 July at Royal Lytham & St Annes Golf Club in Lytham St Annes, Lancashire, England. Ernie Els won his second Claret Jug, one stroke ahead of runner-up Adam Scott. Tiger Woods and Brandt Snedeker finished tied for third, four strokes behind Els, who gained his fourth major title.


2012 Open Championship
Scott was the leader after 54 holes at 199 (−11), with Els six strokes back, tied for fifth. After a birdie at the 14th hole, Scott was four strokes ahead with four holes to play. Els, two groups ahead of Scott on the course, birdied the 18th hole for a score of 68 and the clubhouse lead at 273 (−7). When Scott agonizingly bogeyed each of the final four holes, he dropped to second and Els won the Championship by a single stroke.


2012 Open Championship
Entering the final round, Graeme McDowell and Snedeker were tied for second at 203 (−7), four strokes behind Scott. McDowell shot a 75 (+5) and Snedeker a 74 to knock them out of contention; Woods had a triple bogey at the sixth hole and carded a 73 to tie for third with Snedeker.


2012 Open Championship, Venue
The 2012 event was the eleventh Open Championship to be played at Royal Lytham & St Annes. The previous one was in 2001, when David Duval won his only major championship, three strokes clear of runner-up Niclas Fasth. Tom Lehman won the previous Open at the venue, in 1996.


2012 Open Championship, Venue, Course layout
^ Hole #6 was a par 5 in previous Opens.


2012 Open Championship, Venue, Course layout
Lengths of the course for The Open Championship (since 1950):


2012 Open Championship, Field
Each player is classified according to the first category in which he qualified, but other categories are shown in parentheses.


2012 Open Championship, Field
1. Past Open Champions aged 60 or under on 22 July 2012Mark Calcavecchia, Stewart Cink (2,4), Darren Clarke (2,4,5,7), Ben Curtis (2,4), John Daly, David Duval, Ernie Els (2,4,6,20), Todd Hamilton (2), Pádraig Harrington (2,4,14), Paul Lawrie (6,7), Tom Lehman, Justin Leonard (4), Sandy Lyle, Louis Oosthuizen (2,4,6,7), Tiger Woods (2,6,12,14,20)


2012 Open Championship, Field
3. Past Open Champions born between 22 July 1946 and 19 July 1948(This exemption category was introduced in 2008 when the age limit for past Open Champions was reduced from 65 to 60. It enabled those past Champions aged 60 to 65 at that time to continue playing until they were 65. Johnny Miller is now the only player in this category. He has not played in the Open since 1991.)


2012 Open Championship, Field
4. Past Open Champions finishing in the top 10 and tying for 10th place in The Open Championship 2007–2011Tom Watson


2012 Open Championship, Field
5. First 10 and anyone tying for 10th place in the 2011 Open ChampionshipThomas Bjørn (6,7), Chad Campbell, Simon Dyson (6,7), Rickie Fowler (6), Sergio García (6,7), Raphaël Jacquelin, Dustin Johnson (6,16,20), Davis Love III, Phil Mickelson (6,13,16,20)


2012 Open Championship, Field
6.


2012 Open Championship, Field
The first 50 players on the Official World Golf Ranking for Week 20, 2012Aaron Baddeley (16,20), Bae Sang-moon (24), Keegan Bradley (14,16), K. J. Choi (15,16,20), Nicolas Colsaerts (7), Luke Donald (7,8,16), Jason Dufner (16), Jim Furyk (20), Bill Haas (16,20), Anders Hansen (7), Peter Hanson (7), Freddie Jacobson (16), Zach Johnson, Martin Kaymer (7,14), Matt Kuchar (15,16,20), Martin Laird, Hunter Mahan (16,20), Graeme McDowell (7,12), Rory McIlroy (7,12), Francesco Molinari (7), Kevin Na, Geoff Ogilvy (16,20), Carl Pettersson, Ian Poulter (7), Álvaro Quirós (7), Justin Rose (16), Charl Schwartzel (7,13,20), Adam Scott (16,20), John Senden (16), Brandt Snedeker (16), Steve Stricker (16,20), Bo Van Pelt (16), Nick Watney (16,20), Bubba Watson (13,16,20), Lee Westwood (7), Mark Wilson (16)


2012 Open Championship, Field
7. First 30 in the European Tour Race to Dubai for 2011Thomas Aiken, Rafa Cabrera-Bello, Paul Casey, George Coetzee, Gonzalo Fernández-Castaño, Grégory Havret, Michael Hoey, Miguel Ángel Jiménez, Pablo Larrazábal, Joost Luiten, Alex Norén, Richie Ramsay


2012 Open Championship, Field
9. First 3 and anyone tying for 3rd place, not exempt having applied above, in the top 20 of the 2012 PGA European Tour Race to Dubai on completion of the 2012 BMW PGA ChampionshipBranden Grace, Jbe' Kruger, Robert Rock


2012 Open Championship, Field
10. First 2 European Tour members and any European Tour members tying for 2nd place, not exempt, in a cumulative money list taken from the seven official European Tour events leading up to and including the 2012 Irish OpenThongchai Jaidee, Richard Sterne


2012 Open Championship, Field
11. The leading player, not exempt having applied above, in the first 5 and ties of each of the 2012 Alstom Open de France and the 2012 Barclays Scottish OpenMarcel Siem, Jeev Milkha Singh


2012 Open Championship, Field
13. The U.S. Masters Champions for 2008–2012Ángel Cabrera, Trevor Immelman


2012 Open Championship, Field
15. The U.S. PGA Tour Players Champions for 2010–2012Tim Clark


2012 Open Championship, Field
16. The leading 30 qualifiers for the 2011 PGA Tour's Tour ChampionshipJonathan Byrd, Charles Howell III, Chez Reavie, Vijay Singh, Gary Woodland


2012 Open Championship, Field
17. First 3 and anyone tying for 3rd place, not exempt having applied from #6, in the top 20 of the FedEx Cup points list of the 2012 PGA Tour on completion of the HP Byron Nelson ChampionshipJohn Huh, Kyle Stanley, Johnson Wagner


2012 Open Championship, Field
18. First 2 PGA Tour members and any PGA Tour members tying for 2nd place, not exempt, in a cumulative money list taken from The Players Championship and the five PGA Tour events leading up to and including the 2012 Greenbrier ClassicMarc Leishman, Ted Potter Jr.


2012 Open Championship, Field
19. The leading player, not exempt having applied above, in the first 5 and ties of each of the 2012 Greenbrier Classic and the 2012 John Deere ClassicTroy Kelly, Troy Matteson


2012 Open Championship, Field
20. Playing members of the 2011 Presidents Cup teamsRobert Allenby, Retief Goosen, Ryo Ishikawa, Kim Kyung-tae


2012 Open Championship, Field
21. First place on the 2011 Asian Tour Order of MeritJuvic Pagunsan


2012 Open Championship, Field
22. First place on the 2011 PGA Tour of Australasia Order of MeritGreg Chalmers


2012 Open Championship, Field
23. First place on the 2011 Sunshine Tour Order of Merit Garth Mulroy


2012 Open Championship, Field
25. First 2, not exempt, on the Official Money List of the Japan Golf Tour for 2011Tadahiro Takayama, Toru Taniguchi


2012 Open Championship, Field
26. The leading 4 players, not exempt, in the 2012 Mizuno OpenHiroyuki Fujita, Brad Kennedy, Toshinori Muto, Koumei Oda


2012 Open Championship, Field
27. First 2 and anyone tying for 2nd place, not exempt having applied (26) above, in a cumulative money list taken from all official 2012 Japan Golf Tour events up to and including the 2012 Mizuno OpenYoshinori Fujimoto, Brendan Jones


2012 Open Championship, Field
Twenty players were appearing in their first major championship: Nick Cullen, Alan Dunbar, Harris English, Yoshinori Fujimoto, Andrew Georgiou, Ashley Hall, John Huh, Kodai Ichihara, Ian Keenan, Jbe' Kruger, Anirban Lahiri, Morten Ørum Madsen, Garth Mulroy, Steven O'Hara, Juvic Pagunsan, Ted Potter Jr., Aaron Townsend, Manuel Trappel, Grant Veenstra, and Dale Whitnell.


2012 Open Championship, Field
A further 12 players were appearing in their first Open Championship: Matthew Baldwin, Keegan Bradley, Rafa Cabrera-Bello, Justin Hicks, Troy Kelly, Troy Matteson, James Morrison, Scott Pinckney, Chez Reavie, Michael Thompson, Johnson Wagner, and Sam Walker.


2012 Open Championship, Field
Notable absences included Mark O'Meara (who had appeared in the previous 17 Opens) and Henrik Stenson (who had appeared in the previous seven).


2012 Open Championship, Field
Alternates Where places are available to make up the full entry of 156, these additional places are allocated in ranking order from the Official World Golf Ranking. The alternates are allocated when it becomes clear that additional places are available (using the latest World Rankings), except that places allocated after the issue of Week 27 rankings (9 July) use those rankings.


2012 Open Championship, Field
After the final qualifying events on 15 July there were 157 qualified players. The withdrawal of Robert Karlsson reduced the field size to the usual 156. Russ Cochran then withdrew and was replaced by Michael Thompson (ranked 56), as Ben Crane (ranked 54) chose not to travel.


2012 Open Championship, Round summaries, First round
The weather conditions during the first day of the tournament turned out to be less harsh than expected, with very little wind and cloudy skies. Adam Scott made eight birdies and only two bogeys en route to a 6-under-par 64, tying the course record. Tiger Woods shot a 3-under 67, hitting all but one fairway in regulation.


2012 Open Championship, Round summaries, Second round
Some rain showers wet the course overnight and in the early morning hours, but the calm conditions continued into day two of the tournament. Brandt Snedeker fired a bogey-free round of 64 to vault to the top of the leaderboard, one shot ahead of Adam Scott, who shot 67. Tiger Woods, for the second straight round, only missed one fairway in regulation and shot another 3-under 67, including a holed green-side bunker shot for birdie on the 18th hole, to enter the weekend trailing the lead by four shots.


2012 Open Championship, Round summaries, Second round
Tom Watson, at 62 years of age, set a new record as the oldest player to make the cut in the history of the Open Championship, beating his own record set in 2011.


2012 Open Championship, Round summaries, Second round
For the first time since 2003, no amateurs made the halfway cut.


2012 Open Championship, Round summaries, Third round
In the third round, leader Brandt Snedeker faltered by shooting a 73 (3-over-par) to move him down to a tie for second with Graeme McDowell, who rose up to second place with a score of 67 (3-under-par). Adam Scott, who entered the round one stroke behind Snedeker, shot a 68 (two under par) to move to eleven strokes under par, retaking the lead from Snedeker. Tiger Woods shot an even par of 70 to stay at six strokes under par, moving him to fourth place behind Scott, McDowell, and Snedeker.


2012 Open Championship, Round summaries, Third round
Anirban Lahiri scored the first hole in one of the Championship at the 9th hole.


2012 Open Championship, Round summaries, Final round
In the fourth and final round, leader Adam Scott got off to a poor start on the front nine holes by scoring a 36 (2-over-par), bringing his score to nine-under par. Graeme McDowell, Brandt Snedeker, and Tiger Woods entered the round within striking distance of Scott, but each faltered and sank out of contention. McDowell shot a 75 (five-over-par), and fell to a tie for fifth with Luke Donald. Snedeker double-bogeyed the seventh and eighth holes, leading to a final round score of 74 (4-over-par), in a tie for third with Woods. Woods had trouble with a greenside bunker on the sixth hole, and triple-bogeyed the hole which he had birdied in each of the three previous rounds. Woods scored a 73 to put him into a tie for third with Snedeker.


2012 Open Championship, Round summaries, Final round
Despite two bogeys on the front nine, Ernie Els got back to even par for the round with a birdie at the 12th hole and then birdied the 14th. Scott also birdied the 14th but bogeyed the next three to leave him at 7-under, tied with Els, who had birdied the final hole. On the tournament's 72nd hole, Scott put his tee shot into a bunker and had to exit sideways to the fairway. His third shot left him an 8-foot (2.4 m) par-saving putt to force a playoff, but it missed to the left. Els was bogey-free on the back nine with four birdies to card a 32 (−4) and win by one stroke.


2012 Open Diputación Ciudad de Pozoblanco
The 2012 Open Diputación Ciudad de Pozoblanco was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was part of the Tretorn SERIE+ of the 2012 ATP Challenger Tour. It takes place in Pozoblanco, Spain between August 6 and 12, 2012.


2012 Open Diputación Ciudad de Pozoblanco, Singles main draw entrants, Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:


2012 Open Diputación Ciudad de Pozoblanco – Doubles
Michail Elgin and Alexandre Kudryavtsev were the defending champions, but decided not to participate. Konstantin Kravchuk and Denys Molchanov won the title, defeating Adrian Mannarino and Maxime Teixeira 6–3, 6–3 in the final.


2012 Open Diputación Ciudad de Pozoblanco – Singles
Kenny de Schepper is the defending champion but lost in the first round this year. Roberto Bautista-Agut won the title, defeating Arnau Brugués-Davi 6–3, 6–4 in the final.


2012 Open GDF Suez
The 2012 Open GDF Suez was a women's professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 20th edition of the Open GDF Suez (formerly known as the Open Gaz de France) and was a Premier tournament on the 2012 WTA Tour. It took place at Stade Pierre de Coubertin in Paris, France from 4 February through 12 February 2012.


2012 Open GDF Suez, Singles main draw entrants, Other entrants
The following players received entry as Lucky Losers into the singles main draw:


2012 Open GDF Suez, Doubles main draw entrants, Other entrants
The following pair received wildcard into the doubles main draw:


2012 Open GDF Suez, Finals, Doubles
Liezel Huber  /  Lisa Raymond defeated  Anna-Lena Grönefeld  /  Petra Martić, 7–6(7–3), 6–1


2012 Open GDF Suez Nantes Atlantique
The 2012 Open GDF Suez Nantes Atlantique was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the tenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2012 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Nantes, France, on 29 October–4 November 2012.


2012 Open GDF Suez Nantes Atlantique, WTA entrants, Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:


2012 Open GDF Suez Nantes Atlantique – Doubles
Stéphanie Foretz Gacon and Kristina Mladenovic were the defending champions, but Mladenovic chose not to participate. Foretz Gacon partnered up with Julie Coin, but they lost in the first round to Magda Linette and Katarzyna Piter.


2012 Open GDF Suez Nantes Atlantique – Doubles
Catalina Castaño and Mervana Jugić-Salkić won the title, defeating Petra Cetkovská and Renata Voráčová in the final, 6–4, 6–4.


2012 Open GDF Suez Nantes Atlantique – Singles
Alison Riske was the defending champion but lost to Yulia Putintseva in the second round.


2012 Open GDF Suez Nantes Atlantique – Singles
Monica Niculescu won the title, defeating Putintseva in the final, 6–2, 6–3.


2012 Open GDF Suez Région Limousin
The 2012 Open GDF Suez Région Limousin was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the sixth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2012 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Limoges, France on 15–21 October 2012.


2012 Open GDF Suez Région Limousin, WTA entrants, Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:


2012 Open GDF Suez Région Limousin – Doubles
Sofia Arvidsson and Jill Craybas were the defending champions, but both players chose not to participate.


2012 Open GDF Suez Région Limousin – Doubles
Magda Linette and Sandra Zaniewska won the title, defeating Irena Pavlovic and Stefanie Vögele in the final, 6–1, 5–7, [10–5].


2012 Open GDF Suez Région Limousin – Singles
Sorana Cîrstea was the defending champion, but chose to participate in the BGL Luxembourg Open instead.


2012 Open GDF Suez Région Limousin – Singles
Claire Feuerstein won the title, defeating Maryna Zanevska in the final, 7–5, 6–3.