2011 Tunisian Constituent Assembly election, Controversies, Tunisians in Canada
In September, the government of Canada declared that it would not allow Tunisia to open polling stations in its territory because it refused to be included in another country's electoral constituency. Foreign Affairs Minister John Baird called the issue "a matter of Canadian sovereignty". In response to Canada's opposition, Tunisia threatened to refuse to allow Canadian observers to monitor the election, but later reversed its decision and decided to accredit them. On 18 October, an agreement was reached between the two countries to allow Tunisians to cast their vote in Ottawa, at the Tunisian embassy's consular and diplomatic premises, and in Montreal, at the consulate and at a Tunisian community center.


2011 Tunisian Constituent Assembly election, Results
There were a total of 11,686 candidates on 1,517 lists: 828 running with political parties, 655 running as independents, and 34 running with party coalitions. There were 33 constituencies, with one party list per group per constituency registered. Each governorate elected between four and ten representatives. The total number of parties contesting the election was about 100.


2011 Tunisian Constituent Assembly election, Results
After Kemal Jendoubi, the head of the Electoral Commission, announced the result, Ennahda claimed victory in the polls amidst expectations of getting about 40% of the vote, which would account for 24 of the 27 districts, according to Samir Dilou. Fellow party member Lotfi Zitoun said that: "I think that al-Nahda will win between 50 and 55 per cent of the seats, with the Congress Party for the Republic  [sic] (CPR) coming in second place." Reuters quoted Ali Larayedh as saying that Ennahda would consider forming a coalition with both Ettakatol and CPR. The CPR indicated it was also open to this possibility, but would only stay in a coalition with Ennahda as long as civil liberties were not under threat.


2011 Tunisian Constituent Assembly election, Reactions
Ennahda's Rachid Ghannouchi said after the victory announcement: "We salute Sidi Bouzid and its sons who launched the spark and we hope that God will have made Mohamed Bouazizi a martyr. We will continue this revolution to realize its aims of a Tunisia that is free, independent, developing and prosperous in which the rights of God, the Prophet, women, men, the religious and the non-religious are assured because Tunisia is for everyone."


2011 Tunisian Constituent Assembly election, Reactions, International
The former Iranian foreign minister and leader of the Islamic-nationalist opposition Freedom Movement of Iran Ebrahim Yazdi wrote to Nahda's al-Ghannouchi saying: "In Muslim countries once a set of despots have been overthrown, another set of despots immediately take their place. This is what happened in Iran. Despite struggling for fundamental rights, freedom and self-determination, we Muslims from any nationality lack sufficient experience with democracy. We struggle and overthrow dictators but we don't remove tyranny as a mode of governance and a way of life."


2011 Tunisian Constituent Assembly election, Reactions, Controversies and violence
Aridha Chaabia had lists in six electoral districts (8 seats total) voided by the electoral commission on the grounds that it violated election rules by campaigning during the purdah period and because of evidence of foreign funding. At the first announcement of the disqualification, Tunisian journalists in the electoral commission's media center burst into applause and sang the Tunisian national anthem, demonstrating a general suspicion of the Aridha Chaabia lists.


2011 Tunisian Constituent Assembly election, Reactions, Controversies and violence
In reaction, the party's supporters set fire to the mayor's office and a court in Sidi Bouzid and more than 2,000 protesters congregated outside Ennahda's headquarters in the same town and pelted stones at security forces. Hachmi Hamdi then also said that he would withdraw all 19 seats won by the party. In reaction to the violence a curfew was imposed from 19:00 on 18 October to 5:00 on 29 October and, though tensions remained, there were no violent incidents reported.


2011 Tunisian Constituent Assembly election, Reactions, Controversies and violence
However, Aridha Chaabia's other list leaders refused to withdraw; consequently Hamdi reverted his decision and also called on the leaders of the nullified lists to appeal against the decision. The Administrative Court accepted, on Tuesday, the appeals filed by Aridha in the districts of Sidi Bouzid, Sfax-1, Jendouba, Kasserine and Tataouine. Aridha Chaabia thus recovered 7 of its 8 invalidated seats, bringing its total to 26. Following this, however, twelve parliament members of Aridha Chaabia resigned from the party and declared themselves independent members.


2011 Tunisian Constituent Assembly election, Reactions, Controversies and violence
There were also other minor violations of the electoral code in regards to publicity on the day of the election itself, but it was decided that those were not serious enough to warrant disqualification of the seats gained.


2011 Tunisian Constituent Assembly election, Analysis
Aridha Chaabia's surprise success was linked to its populist rhetoric and its party leader Mohamed Hechmi Hamdi being the only prominent politician not from the coastal regions (he was born in Sidi Bouzid). The party opted for campaigning in rural regions of Tunisia (particularly the south), which are often ignored by mainstream politicians.


2011 Tunisian Constituent Assembly election, Analysis
Despite concern amongst the Western media about a possible hindrance to women's rights as a result of Ennahda's plurality, Souad Abdel Rahim of Ennahda said: "The doors are open for women now. We can sense that there has already been an impact. Even in Saudi Arabia, women can now vote," adding that Islamist parties in the Arab world should have a "framework" for women's advancement.


2011 Tunisian Constituent Assembly election, Government formation
Ennahda stated it would propose Hamadi Jebali, the party's secretary-general, as the new PM, but would not field a candidate for president and was open to supporting another party's candidate or the incumbent interim PM. Later, Ennahda named Mustapha Ben Jafar (secretary-general of Ettakatol), Moncef Marzouki (leader of CPR) and Beji Caid Essebsi (the interim PM) as possible candidates for the interim presidential period. Ettatakol stated that it would not nominate Ben Jafar for the position of prime minister, but was still not sure whether to participate in a coalition government with Ennahda and CPR.


2011 Tunisian Constituent Assembly election, Government formation
On 28 October, Ennahda said a new government could be formed within ten days. Hamadi Jbeli said that talks had already begun on forming a coalition government with the priority agenda being to revive the national economy after the revolution. Rachid Ghannouchi added that Ennahda would honour its undertaking to write a new constitution within a year: "This government will look to establish common grounds through providing a government plan proposal for a year."


2011 Turkish Cup Final
The 2011 Turkish Cup Final was the 49th final match of the Turkish Cup. The match took place on 11 May 2011, at Kadir Has Stadium in Kayseri. The match was played between 8 time winners Beşiktaş and first time finalists İstanbul B.B.. The referee of the match was Yunus Yıldırım.


2011 Turkish Cup Final
Because of its current situation in the 2010–11 Süper Lig, Beşiktaş entered the final looking to secure a berth to 2011–12 UEFA Europa League next year as well as winning its 9th cup in team history. İstanbul B.B., which showed superiority towards Beşiktaş in the Süper Lig, played in the Turkish Cup final for the first time in their history.


2011 Turkish Cup Final
After normal time and extra time ended on a 2–2 draw, Beşiktaş won the penalty shootout 4–3 and won its 9th Turkish Cup. By winning, Beşiktaş secured a berth in the play-off round of the UEFA Europa League.


2011 Turkish Cup Final
On June 10, 2013 UEFA officially opened up disciplinary proceedings against Beşiktaş in regard to match-fixing in the 2011 Turkish Cup final.


2011 Turkish Cup Final, Background
Beşiktaş reached the Turkish Cup final for the 15th time in their history. Previously winning the cup 8 times, Beşiktaş entered as the favored team. İstanbul B.B., on the other hand, was entering the final for the first time in their history. İstanbul B.B. 's best performance in the Turkish Cup was in the 2009-10 Turkish Cup season, when they reached the quarter finals.


2011 Turkish Cup Final, Background
In the 2010–11 Süper Lig, İstanbul B.B. showed superiority against Beşiktaş, winning 2–0 at İnönü and 2–1 at Atatürk Olympic Stadium. However Beşiktaş had amassed more points than İstanbul B.B., with 50 points while İstanbul B.B. had only 41 points.


2011 Turkish Cup Final, Background
Beşiktaş started the 2010–11 Turkish Cup in the play-off round, defeating Mersin İdmanyurdu 3–0. In the group stage, Beşiktaş was placed in group B with Gaziantep B.B., Trabzonspor, Konya Torku Şekerspor and Manisaspor. Beşiktaş won the group and preceded to the quarter finals where they defeated Gaziantep B.B. 5-0 and 3-0 respectively. In the semi finals, Beşiktaş defeated Gaziantepspor with 3–0 and 2–2 scores, thus earning a berth in the final.


2011 Turkish Cup Final, Match details
Man of the match: Ricardo Quaresma (Beşiktaş) Referee: Yunus Yıldırım Assistant referees: Baki Tuncay Akkın Volkan NarinçFourth referee: Barış Şimşek


2011 Turkish Cypriot protests
In 2011, a series of rallies were held by Turkish Cypriots in North Nicosia against Turkey's policies on Cyprus.


2011 Turkish Cypriot protests
The first protest was held on 28 January 2011. After the hostile reactions of Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Turkish society, Turkish Cypriots organized a second and third rally on 2 March and 7 April 2011. The average turnout was 50,000–80,000, making these some of the largest demonstrations by Turkish Cypriots under the occupation. As of 2011, Northern Cyprus had a population of approximately 290,000.


2011 Turkish Cypriot protests
Some protesters carried flags of the Republic of Cyprus and banners demanding the reunification of the island, and signs condemning economical, cultural, and social oppression of Turkish Cypriots by Turkey. During the final rally, unsuccessful attempts were made to hang the flag of the Republic of Cyprus on the Turkish embassy.


2011 Turkish Futsal League, Standings
The tournament consists of Eastern and Western regional tournaments, the top two teams from each group will play the Final Four to determine the champion.


2011 Turkish Grand Prix
The 2011 Turkish Grand Prix, formally the 2011 Formula 1 DHL Turkish Grand Prix, was a Formula One motor race held on 8 May 2011 at Istanbul Park in Tuzla, near Istanbul, Turkey. It was the fourth round of the 2011 Formula One season. The 58-lap race was won by the championship leader, Red Bull Racing's Sebastian Vettel after starting from pole position. His teammate Mark Webber finished in second place, and Ferrari's Fernando Alonso completed the podium in third position.


2011 Turkish Grand Prix
As a consequence of the race, Vettel extended his lead in the World Drivers' Championship to 34 points over McLaren's Lewis Hamilton, who finished the race in fourth position. Webber's second-place finish moved him into third place in the championship, 4 points behind Hamilton in third, and nine ahead of Jenson Button, who was sixth in Turkey. In the World Constructors' Championship, Red Bull extended their championship advantage to 43 points over McLaren, with Ferrari a further 40 points behind in third position.


2011 Turkish Grand Prix
It was the last Turkish Grand Prix until 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic caused disruption to the schedule.


2011 Turkish Grand Prix, Report, Background
With Turkey being the first European race of the season, several teams introduced upgrades to their cars in order to aid with their respective performances on the grid. Williams introduced improvements to help with the handling of their car, having suffered a testing start to the season with no points at the first three races. Virgin Racing's aerodynamic updates were bit-part, as only Timo Glock received the package with Jérôme d'Ambrosio's package due to be ready for the Spanish Grand Prix.


2011 Turkish Grand Prix, Report, Background
Hispania Racing set their sights on trying to overhaul Virgin Racing, by introducing updates to their car for the second successive race. Other teams to introduce packages were McLaren, Renault, Ferrari and Mercedes as they all strived to move closer on overall pace to Red Bull Racing, who were confident that they had rectified the KERS problems that had hampered their performance over the first few races.


2011 Turkish Grand Prix, Report, Background
Several teams made driver changes for the first practice session. Nico Hülkenberg substituted for Adrian Sutil at Force India, while Daniel Ricciardo drove in the place of Jaime Alguersuari at Scuderia Toro Rosso. Karun Chandhok took part once again, replacing Heikki Kovalainen at Lotus.


2011 Turkish Grand Prix, Report, Background
Tyre supplier Pirelli brought its silver-banded hard compound tyre as the harder "prime" tyre and the yellow-banded soft compound as the softer "option" compound. This was the same tyre selection that Bridgestone had chosen to bring to the Turkish Grand Prix for the past two years.


2011 Turkish Grand Prix, Report, Background
Before the race, Sebastian Vettel led the World Drivers' Championship with 68 points, 21 ahead of his nearest rival at the time - Lewis Hamilton - who was on 47 points. Hamilton had cut Vettel's lead from 24 to 21 points after winning his first race of the year, and also the first Vettel did not win, in China. Jenson Button was third in the standings with 38 points, 1 ahead of Mark Webber who had scored his first podium of the year when he drove from 18th to 3rd in China, three weeks previously. Fernando Alonso's Ferrari was still relatively slow compared to what it would be later in the year - and Ferrari hadn't been on the podium yet - he was fifth in the standings with just 26 points, 2 ahead of teammate Massa.


2011 Turkish Grand Prix, Report, Background
Red Bull Racing were the only team over 100 points and therefore lead the Constructors' Championship on 105. McLaren were the only other team to have a podium at all three races and were in second place on 85 points. Ferrari had less than half of Red Bull on 50 points, but were still in third place. Renault and Mercedes GP were fourth and fifth with 32 and 16 points respectively.


2011 Turkish Grand Prix, Report, Free practice
The opening session was run in wet conditions – the first competitive session in which Pirelli's wet weather tyres had been used in the season – where Ferrari's Fernando Alonso was quickest by 1.4 seconds ahead of the Mercedes cars of Nico Rosberg and Michael Schumacher in second and third places respectively, with the only other drivers within two seconds of Alonso being the Renaults of Nick Heidfeld and Vitaly Petrov, and Kamui Kobayashi's Sauber.


2011 Turkish Grand Prix, Report, Free practice
However, due to the conditions, many teams opted for conservative running with McLaren running the fewest laps; their pairing of Jenson Button and Lewis Hamilton completing five laps between them. Championship leader Sebastian Vettel caused a red flag during the session after spinning into the barrier; he put his right-rear wheel over the kerb at the exit of Turn 8 and thus ended the session – as well as his day's running – in 17th place.


2011 Turkish Grand Prix, Report, Free practice
The second session was held in drying conditions, where Button was marginally quickest ahead of Rosberg, the only drivers to record a sub-1:27 lap time. After sitting out the first session save for an exploratory lap, Hamilton ran 31 laps in the second session and finished third ahead of Schumacher and Mark Webber, who ran mainly long-distance stints during the session. Morning pacesetter Alonso was eleventh after a hydraulic problem limited track running, while on track, he had a spin at Turn 6. Pastor Maldonado crashed his Williams into the barrier, having run wide on the exit of Turn 8, and spun out on a damp patch. Virgin Racing's Jérôme d'Ambrosio later received a five-place grid penalty for ignoring yellow flags in the area of Maldonado's accident.


2011 Turkish Grand Prix, Report, Free practice
The third session saw the top four places taken by the Red Bull and Mercedes cars; Vettel finishing as the fastest driver ahead of Schumacher by 0.001 seconds. Webber was almost four tenths adrift in third, just edging out Rosberg in fourth, after recovering from a high-speed spin at Turn 8 during the session, while McLaren wound up fifth and sixth with Button getting the better of Hamilton.


2011 Turkish Grand Prix, Report, Qualifying
The first session started with Kamui Kobayashi having a mechanical fault on his first flying lap, meaning that he was unable to post a qualifying time, but the race stewards ultimately decided to allow him to take part in the race. By the end of the session, both Lotuses were eliminated, with Heikki Kovalainen ending the session half a second behind Rubens Barrichello's Williams, who had been 17th. D'Ambrosio outqualified his teammate Glock on-track but with his grid penalty, he would start the race from last place. Vitantonio Liuzzi also outqualified Glock, with Narain Karthikeyan recording the slowest time, 1.7 seconds within the 107% benchmark.


2011 Turkish Grand Prix, Report, Qualifying
The second session saw Vettel return to the top of the timesheets, recording the first instance of a sub-1:26 lap time all weekend. Rosberg also broke into the 1:25s as he ended the second part in second place ahead of Hamilton and Webber. A late lap from Nick Heidfeld saw him qualify for the final session at the expense of Rubens Barrichello. Adrian Sutil outqualified his Force India teammate Paul di Resta as they ended the session in twelfth and thirteenth places, with di Resta escaping a penalty for missing the weighbridge. Maldonado and Sergio Pérez were next on the grid ahead of the Toro Rosso pair, with Sébastien Buemi getting the better of Jaime Alguersuari by three tenths.


2011 Turkish Grand Prix, Report, Qualifying
The third period saw the Red Bull cars only attempt a single run at the start of the session, in order to save tyres for the race, with Vettel ending the session over four tenths of a second clear from Webber; it was Vettel's fifth consecutive pole, the first driver to record five in succession since Fernando Alonso did so in 2006. Rosberg finished third, moving ahead of Lewis Hamilton on his final run, with Alonso in fifth having not improved on his first run time.


2011 Turkish Grand Prix, Report, Qualifying
Jenson Button qualified in sixth place for McLaren, followed by Vitaly Petrov in the Renault and Schumacher in the second Mercedes in eighth. Heidfeld and Felipe Massa completed the top ten, with Massa failing to record a time, abandoning his only run in Q3 due to a mistake and elected to save tyres for the race.


2011 Turkish Grand Prix, Report, Race
All the drivers started except for Timo Glock, who lost fifth gear prior to the race. Sebastian Vettel led the race from the start, with a lead of 6 seconds by the time he took his first pitstop on lap 10. Behind him there were battles, with Fernando Alonso and Mark Webber fighting for second place in the closing laps, the victory falling to Webber giving Red Bull a one-two result.


2011 Turkish Grand Prix, Report, Race
Behind Webber and Alonso, Hamilton and Button fought for fourth place, with Hamilton getting the upper hand, and Nico Rosberg later slipping in between the pair, taking fifth from Button when Button's tyres were degrading massively on the last stint. Paul di Resta made a bad pit exit with a loose wheel, and retired from the race.


2011 Turkish Grand Prix, Report, Race
The race, which had the most pitstops for a Grand Prix race ever (over 80) and the most overtaking moves since 1983, extended Sebastian Vettel's lead in the world championship standings to 93 points to second placed Hamilton's 59. In the constructors' standings, Red Bull increased their tally to 148 points to McLaren's 105, with Ferrari in third place with 65.


2011 Turkish Parliament Speaker election
The Turkish Parliament Speaker elections of 2011 were held on 4 July 2011 to elect the 25th Speaker of the Grand National Assembly. The elected speaker would preside over the 24th Parliament of Turkey, which was elected in the parliamentary election held on 12 June 2011. With the governing Justice and Development Party (AKP) holding 327 of the 550 seats (a majority of 104) in the Grand National Assembly, the election of the party's candidate Cemil Çiçek was regarded as an effective certainty.


2011 Turkish Parliament Speaker election
At the age of 79, Republican People's Party (CHP) Member of Parliament Oktay Ekşi became the interim Speaker following the state opening of Parliament on 28 June by virtue of being the oldest MP elected. The official AKP candidate was Cemil Çiçek, the former Minister of Justice, though another AKP candidate Zelkif Kazdal also collected enough signatures to run. The Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) nominated Tunca Toskay as their candidate, while the CHP did not nominate anyone amid reports that the party approved of Çiçek's candidacy. Kazdal dropped out of the race after only receiving 23 votes in the first round, with Çiçek being eventually elected in the third round.


2011 Turkish Parliament Speaker election, Election process
The Speaker is elected by secret ballot through a maximum of four rounds held within Parliament, with a two-thirds majority of 367 votes to be elected outright in the first two rounds. If the election goes into a third round, the votes needed to win is lowered to a simple majority (276) votes. If the election goes into a fourth round, the top two candidates who won the most votes in the third round contest a run-off, with the candidate winning the highest number of votes being elected. Until the Speaker is elected, the Parliament is overseen by the oldest MP in the chamber, who was in this case Oktay Ekşi from the Republican People's Party (CHP) at age 79.


2011 Turkish Parliament Speaker election, Conduct
MPs are called to cast their vote by name. Only MPs who have taken the oath of office have the right to vote, limiting the eligible number of MPs to vote substantially since the Republican People's Party (CHP) and the Peace and Democracy Party (BDP) had boycotted the state opening of Parliament where the oaths were taken. This was in protest against the decision to not release several MPs from these two parties who were imprisoned at the time, which both the CHP and BDP alleged was unconstitutional.


2011 Turkish Parliament Speaker election, Conduct, CHP controversy
Although the CHP boycotted the state opening of Parliament on 28 June, their MPs were present at the election. The fact that they had not taken the oath of office barred them from voting or running for election. The interim speaker Oktay Ekşi gave permission for any MP who had not taken the oath to do so before the vote, though the CHP MPs refused to do so. The 35 Peace and Democracy Party MPs, who were protesting the arrest of their elected 36th MP Hatip Dicle, boycotted the vote entirely.


2011 Turkish Parliament Speaker election, Conduct, CHP controversy
During the vote, Tunceli MP Kamer Genç approached the Speaker and his council to ask why he had not been called up to vote. Although the Ekşi stated that it was because he had not taken the oath, Genç argued that he had the right to vote by virtue of being elected by the people. The subsequent argument caused unrest within the chamber, with AKP MPs protesting Genç's intervention and subsequently causing a backlash from the CHP MPs. CHP leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu, along with other members of the CHP executive, managed to diffuse the tensions.


2011 Turkish Parliament Speaker election, Candidates
Cemil Çiçek, former AKP Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey and Ministry of Justice


2011 Turkish Riviera mass alcohol poisoning
The 2011 Turkish Riviera mass alcohol poisoning was an event that occurred on May 26–27, 2011 during a party on a yacht voyage of mostly female Russian tourists on the way from Bodrum to Antalya, southwestern Turkey. It led to the deaths of five people, and the hospitalisation of twenty others, some in critical condition, after consuming alcoholic drinks mixed with methanol, served at the yacht's bar. A consignment of fake whisky had been supplied by a distributor with a fictitious address.


2011 Turkish Riviera mass alcohol poisoning, Incident
The Russian women were employed as managers and tour guides with Russian travel agencies, and came to Bodrum in the western Turkish Riviera for a promotion trip organized by Russian tourist company Mostravel.


2011 Turkish Riviera mass alcohol poisoning, Incident
Together with Russian employees of local Turkish travel companies, the women took a yacht voyage along the coast of Turkish Riviera in southwestern Turkey, a popular tour known locally as "Blue Cruise" (Turkish: Mavi Yolculuk). The yacht Orhan-5 was chartered for this purpose, and sailed from May 26–27, 2011 with some 60 Russian tourists aboard.


2011 Turkish Riviera mass alcohol poisoning, Incident
The mass poisoning occurred during a party on the night of May 27 aboard the yacht. Twenty passengers suffered from alcohol poisoning after consuming drinks served from the yacht's bar. The Russian women enjoyed drinking whiskey with cola. Anastasia Lavrenko, one of the young women aboard, told a Russian newspaper that they all had 10-12 glasses of cocktails. She added that even though she felt the alcohol tasted unusually strong, she did not realise anything.


2011 Turkish Riviera mass alcohol poisoning, Incident
Arriving in Antalya the next morning, the tourists went to their hotel to rest for the next day's flight back home. Many of them experienced motion sickness, vomiting and loss of consciousness. The victims were hospitalised and diagnosed with alcohol poisoning.


2011 Turkish Riviera mass alcohol poisoning, Victims
Some twenty Russian citizens and a Turkish man were affected by alcohol poisoning. Three women died, others were hospitalized in Antalya and Denizli, with six placed in intensive care stations in critical condition.


2011 Turkish Riviera mass alcohol poisoning, Victims
On May 30, Marina Sheveleva (Russian: Марина Шевелева), born in 1989, died as the first victim at a hospital in her country, after her condition worsened during the flight to Moscow.


2011 Turkish Riviera mass alcohol poisoning, Victims
Two other Russian citizens, Maria Shalyapina (Russian: Мария Шаляпина), born in 1983, and Aigul Zalayeva (Russian: Айгуль Залаева), born in 1991, died in the following days at the hospital of Akdeniz University in Antalya.


2011 Turkish Riviera mass alcohol poisoning, Victims
On the night of June 5, 2011, 28-year-old Alexandr Zhuchkov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Жучков) died in the hospital of Pamukkale University in Denizli, where he had been in intense supportive care since May 28. He became the fourth Russian victim. His body was transferred to Russia by the Russian Consulate.


2011 Turkish Riviera mass alcohol poisoning, Victims
Twenty-two-year-old Viktoria Nikolaeva (Russian: Виктория Николаева), who was being treated in the intensive station of Akdeniz University's hospital in Antalya, died due to brain damage in the evening hours of June 20, 2011. The fifth victim died in the early morning hours of July 4, 2011.


2011 Turkish Riviera mass alcohol poisoning, Investigation
Turkish police immediately launched an investigation into the mass poisoning. Samples of alcohol were taken from the yacht for analysis. The Investigation Committee of the Russian Federation also opened an investigation. It is believed that the whiskey served contained methanol, making the drink toxic.


2011 Turkish Riviera mass alcohol poisoning, Investigation
The Turkish Minister of Agriculture, who is also responsible for carrying out food safety control in the country, stated that the alcoholic beverage served on the yacht was supplied by the company "Jasmine", based in  Northern Cyprus, and was imported by the company "Birlik Gıda" in Ankara. About 12,000 bottles of fake whiskey labeled "Mister Burdon" were distributed in the provinces of Ankara, Mersin, Antalya and Muğla. Turkish police found out that the address of Birlik Gıda was fictitious. The ministry stated that the methyl alcohol in the whiskey consumed was three times higher than normal. Police made 22 arrests and seized thousands of bottles of bootleg liquor.


2011 Turkish Super Cup
TFF Süper Kupa 2011 should have been the 39th edition of the Turkish Super Cup since its establishment as Presidential Cup in 1966. The match was going to be contested between the 2010–11 Süper Lig champions Fenerbahçe and the 2010–11 Turkish Cup winners Beşiktaş. The match was to be played on 31 July 2011 but the TFF postponed but was cancelled after the match fixing scandal investigations. The venue for the final would have been the Erzurum Universiade Arena which would have hosted its first Turkish Super Cup final.


2011 Turkish Super Cup, Background
This was to be the 7th overall national super cup matchup between the teams since 1966, and the 3rd matchup since 2006, when the cup was rebranded as TFF Süper Kupa. Fenerbahçe won in 2007 and 2009 against Beşiktaş, while Beşiktaş has yet to win their 2nd TFF Süper Kupa since their victory in the inaugural tournament. Also, both teams created a pattern, playing against each other in every other odd year.


2011 Turkish Super Cup, Path to the final
Fenerbahçe were champions by 26 wins, 4 draws and 4 losses, collecting 82 points overall. They were trailed by Trabzonspor, which collected the same number of points but came second due to head to head record. This also meant setting a new national record for Fenerbahçe, as they grabbed their record 18th title.


2011 Turkish Super Cup, Path to the final
On the other hand, Beşiktaş finished fifth in the Süper Lig, but were more successful in the domestic cup. They won the playoff round against Mersin İdmanyurdu, and won the group stage by three wins and one loss. They eliminated quarter finalists Gaziantep B.B. and semi finalists Gaziantepspor. Beşiktaş won their ninth cup by a decisive penalty shootout against first time finalists İstanbul B.B.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal
The 2011 Turkish Sports corruption scandal was an investigation about match fixing, incentive premium, bribery, establishing a criminal organization, organized crime and intimidation in Turkey's top two association football divisions, the Süper Lig and First League.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal
On 2 July 2012, a Turkish special-authorized state court sentenced many people to various prison sentences. However, on 6 March 2014, special-authorized courts were abolished in Turkey. On 23 June 2014, an earlier retrial demand was accepted. The retrial process started on 15 January 2015. After the retrial process, people who were charged were cleared of all charges pending the Supreme Court's approval.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal
On 9 October 2015, the courts acquitted all the people who were charged at the beginning of the investigation, pending the Supreme Court's approval. Fenerbahçe declared that after the Supreme Court's approval, they would take every action to be compensated from all of the damages that has been done to the club by this investigation and previous court rulings. Being one of the clubs which were acquitted of the accusations, Fenerbahçe demand €135 million from UEFA and TFF in the context of a claim for damages.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal
On 6 November 2020, the Turkish court declared all suspects innocent, including former Fenerbahce President Aziz Yildirim. The trail was held in the Istanbul 13th Heavy Penal Court after the appeals court overturned another acquittal verdict in January by a lower court for all the suspects including Yildirim. During the trail, 19 suspects, including ex-Fenerbahce executives Yildirim, Eksioglu, Sekip Mosturoglu and Alaattin Yildirim, Sivasspor chair Mecnun Otyakmaz and former Eskisehirspor manager Bulent Uygun, as well as former football players Gokcek Vederson, Ibrahim Akin, Mehmet Yildiz and Korcan Celikay, were declared innocent due to the lack of evidence.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Timeline of the investigation
In the summer of 2011, Turkish police began an investigation into 19 football matches suspected of being fixed, and by 10 July 61 individuals had been arrested, including club managers and Turkish national team players. 26 of these would later have requests for release refused by the court. By 12 July UEFA had confirmed they were monitoring the situation.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Timeline of the investigation
Around the same time, Istanbul BB player İbrahim Akın admitted to participating in match fixing, specifically relating to two matches: Istanbul BB's match against Fenerbahçe, and the Turkish Cup final against Beşiktaş. Following his arrest Akın withdrew his confession, claiming he had been tricked and his confession given under duress, and denied any involvement in the alleged corruption. Beşiktaş president Yıldırım Demirören later returned the Turkish Cup following match-fixing allegations levelled at his own club.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Timeline of the investigation
On 15 August, the report of the TFF's Ethics Committee was presented to the general assembly of the TFF. The first report of the TFF's Ethics Committee (340 pages) was completely hidden from public scrutiny and FIFA and UEFA. However, the summary section of the report (38 pages) was leaked to the press. Prof. Dr. Oğuz Atalay, chairman of the committee, confirmed that the document published in the press was the actual document.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Timeline of the investigation
The TFF banned Fenerbahçe from participating in the 2011–12 Champions League. UEFA announced that Trabzonspor (despite being one of the clubs under suspicion) would replace them.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Timeline of the investigation
Many members of the European football community voiced their concerns about the situation, with UEFA president Michel Platini saying how the match-fixing scandals had "badly tarnished the game" and that the developments were "not good for Turkish football". FIFA president Sepp Blatter also had his say, stating "We cannot intervene at the first stage; we must let the jurisdictional organization of the different states [take action], and when these people are condemned and found guilty, then we will suspend them for life... Then they will never come back to football –  being officials or being players, they will be banned for life".


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Timeline of the investigation
On 31 January 2012, the President of the Turkish Football Federation Mehmet Ali Aydınlar, the Vice Presidents of TFF Göksel Gümüşdağ (chairman of Istanbul BB), and Lütfü Arıboğan (who then became a Galatasaray board member) resigned from all duties.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Timeline of the investigation
On 30 April 2012, the Turkish Football Federation changed article 58 of the disciplinary regulations regarding the penalization of match-fixing. In response to the TFF's decision, Trabzonspor announced that they would make a meeting with the UEFA as soon as possible. Galatasaray S.K. reacted against the TFF's decision and made a statement regarding the issue. Bursaspor also reacted against the decision. On the same day, Turkish Football Federation added a new article to the disciplinary regulations that all punishments including relegation and point-deduction can be postponed, Article 105.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Timeline of the investigation
On 3 May 2012, Galatasaray applied to the TFF Arbitration Board to suspend and annul the decision regarding the amendment on Article 58 and Article 105 of disciplinary regulations of TFF.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Timeline of the investigation
On 4 May 2012, Trabzonspor and Bursaspor also applied to the TFF Arbitration Board to suspend and annul the decision regarding the amendment on Article 58 and Article 105 of disciplinary regulations of TFF.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Timeline of the investigation
On 5 May 2012, the Turkish Football Federation Arbitration Board rejected the appeals and the objections of the clubs.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Timeline of the investigation
On 7 May 2012, the Turkish Football Federation gave a verdict for the people involved with the case. The federation banned İbrahim Akın of İstanbul BB for three years for allegedly fixing the result of a match when his team lost to Fenerbahçe 2–0 on 1 May 2011. It also banned Serdar Kulbilge of Gençlerbirliği for two years for allegedly attempting to fix the result of a match that Fenerbahçe won 4–2.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Timeline of the investigation
It said that eight other people, including Fenerbahçe officials Mehmet Şekip Mosturoğlu, İlhan Yüksel Ekşioğlu, Cemil Turhan and Yavuz Ağırgöl, would receive a disciplinary measure called "deprivation of rights", which amounts to barring a person from any administrative or sports activities, including entering the stadiums. However, this disciplinary measure can be postponed according to the new article 105, which has been designed by Turkish Football Federation recently.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Timeline of the investigation
On 1 June 2012, specially-authorized Istanbul Public Prosecutor Ufuk Ermertcan demanded from the Istanbul 16th High Criminal Court to hand down jail sentences for the suspects as part of an investigation into the match-fixing scandal. The Istanbul 16th High Criminal Court rejected the lawyers' request to release Fenerbahçe President Aziz Yıldırım, Olgun Peker, İlhan Ekşioğlu, and Yusuf Turanlı. The court also ruled to release Ahmet Çelebi, Ali Kıratlı, Haldun Şenman, Sami Dinç, and İbrahim Bülent İşcen, who were in custody, pending trial. The court hearings were to be resumed on 26 June.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Timeline of the investigation
On 4 June 2012, the Arbitration Board of Turkish Football Federation reduced the penalties for three suspects in a match-fixing scandal while upholding the sentences of other suspects. The arbitration board reduced Akın's sentence from three years to two years. Kulbilge's sentence was reduced from two years to three matches. Karan was given two years deprivation of rights by the PFDK, but the Arbitration Board changed his sentence to a two-year ban from participating in future games.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Timeline of the investigation
On 22 June 2012, the UEFA Control and Disciplinary Body made a decision:


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Timeline of the investigation
- To allow the Disciplinary Inspector and Fenerbahce to file additional submissions to the Control and Disciplinary Body- For the time being the club of Fenerbahce is allowed to participate in the UEFA competition for which it is eligible pending a final decision of the UEFA Disciplinary Body in this regard.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Timeline of the investigation
On 2 July 2012, the specially-authorized Turkish court convicted and sentenced Aziz Yıldırım to six years and three months in prison on match-fixing charges. Fenerbahçe Vice President Şekip Mosturoğlu was sentenced to one year, ten months and then days in prison. Another official was sentenced to 1 year and 2 months in prison.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Timeline of the investigation
On 10 August 2012, the Istanbul 16th High Criminal Court announced its reasoned decision regarding the match-fixing case.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Events after the investigation
On 25 June 2013, UEFA banned Fenerbahçe and Beşiktaş from European competitions over match-fixing allegations. Fenerbahçe was banned for a total of two seasons for which they qualify for either the Champions League or Europa League, with the ban for the third campaign deferred for a probationary period of five years, while Beşiktaş will miss next season's Europa League. Both clubs are to appeal against a UEFA decision to bar the two clubs from European competitions on match-fixing accusations. 5th Civil Court of First Instance temporarily suspended three Fenerbahçe officials, including chairman Aziz Yıldırım.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Events after the investigation
On 18 July 2013, CAS announced that the final decision on Fenerbahçe would be issued before 28 August and a final decision on Beşiktaş on 30 August.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Events after the investigation
On 24 July 2013, Supreme Court of Appeals Prosecutor's Office demanded upholding of the verdicts in the match-fixing trial.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Events after the investigation
On 28 August 2013, the Court of Arbitration for Sports decided to reject the Fenerbahçe's appeal against their suspension from European competition. Fenerbahçe was banned from European competitions for two years after the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) opted to uphold the club's punishment for their alleged involvement in match-fixing in Turkey.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Events after the investigation
On 30 August 2013, the Court of Arbitration for Sports decided to reject the Beşiktaş JK's appeal against their suspension from European competition. Beşiktaş was banned from European competitions for one year after the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) opted to uphold the club's punishment for their involvement in match fixing in Turkey.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Events after the investigation
On 17 January 2014, the Republic of Turkey Supreme Court approved decisions on match fixing.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Events after the investigation
On 6 March 2014, specially-authorized courts were abolished in Turkey.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Events after the investigation
On 26 March 2014, Gianni Infantino stated that UEFA gave his final verdict about Fenerbahçe and Beşiktaş, reminding that both clubs had been already punished by UEFA, meaning that no further punishment would be given to the clubs. After being asked about Trabzonspor's presidents earlier statements about UEFA's dealings he added, "İbrahim Hacıosmanoglu is Trabzonspor's president not UEFA's".


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Events after the investigation
On 21 May 2014, UEFA launched an investigation against Sivasspor and Eskişehirspor and heard the cases on 2 and 3 June. On 6 June 2014 it was declared that Eskişehirspor and Sivasspor were not eligible to participate in the 2014/15 UEFA Europa League. Both Sivasspor and Eskişehirspor's officials announced that they would appeal to CAS to change the result of this case.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Events after the investigation
On 27 May 2014, Fenerbahçe appealed to the Swiss domestic courts, on the grounds of "the final verdict is against the public order", which is one of the situations that must happen if the accused wants to appeal to the UEFA's and CAS' final verdict. With this appeal Fenerbahçe is working to lift the "ban from the European competitions for 2 years".


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Events after the investigation
On 29 May 2014, Mutlu Ekizoğlu, the chief constable of this investigation (also many others like Ergenekon trials and Sledgehammer conspiracy) was suspended from duty pending investigation.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Events after the investigation
On 7 June 2014, Abdullah Mirza Coşkun, the newly assigned prosecutor of the match-fixing scandal, demanded a retrial from the 13th High Criminal Court (the newly assigned court for the match-fixing scandal) for Aziz Yıldırım. On 23 June 2014, this demand was accepted by the courts, meaning that all the convicted people would have a retrial.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Events after the investigation
After Fenerbahçe's official complaint, on 27 June 2014, UEFA Control and Disciplinary Board launched a new investigation against Trabzonspor and would decide about the case on 17 July. UEFA asked for Trabzonspor's defense about this investigation. Fenerbahçe's official complaint is based on then-Sivasspor player Mehmet Yıldız's notary approved, detailed statements about an offer of incentive premium from Trabzonspor for the Sivasspor-Fenerbahçe game.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Events after the investigation
On 7 July 2014, CAS rejected the appeals of Eskişehirspor and Sivasspor, meaning that both clubs were not allowed to participate in any European competition for a year.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Events after the investigation
On 15 July 2014, Trabzonspor made an official objection to the 13th Istanbul High Criminal court about the accepted retrial demand.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Events after the investigation
On 18 July 2014, UEFA Control and Disciplinary board assigned an inspector to the cases of both the Turkish Football Federation (official complaint by Trabzonspor) and Trabzonspor (official complaint by Fenerbahçe).


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Events after the investigation
On 24 July 2014, about an earlier application of Fenerbahçe to lift the two year European Cups ban, Swiss domestic courts gave time to Fenerbahçe until 5 August to counter the defences of both CAS and UEFA. Swiss domestic courts also rejected Fenerbahçe's suspension of execution demand for the ban from European Cups on the grounds that UEFA has guaranteed to pay any compensation if necessary.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Events after the investigation
On 30 August 2014, Trabzonspor declared that, again, they had sent letters to both UEFA and FIFA about their concerns that the corruption scandal is not handled correctly.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Events after the investigation
On 3 September 2014, Trabzonspor's earlier official objection to the 13th Istanbul High Criminal court was rejected, meaning that the retrial process would begin.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Events after the investigation
On 24 October 2014, the Swiss domestic courts rejected Fenerbahçe's application of compensation from UEFA and CAS. Fenerbahçe stated that "This decision is made because of the result of the trials before. After the retrial process, we will use every option to get our compensation."


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Events after the investigation
On 21 November 2014, Trabzonspor requested recusal from the 13th Istanbul High Criminal Court, citing that the court had lost its neutrality. This request was denied on 19 December 2014.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Events after the investigation
On 15 December 2014, UEFA rejected Trabzonspor's official complaint about the Turkish Football Federation and Fenerbahçe's official complaint about Trabzonspor. Trabzonspor declared that they would continue to pursue this matter by applying to both FIFA and CAS.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Retrial
The first trial of the retrial process was made on 24 April 2015. During this trial, Fenerbahçe lawyers urged the court not to rule according to the evidence that had been presented by a chief constable who has now been expelled from his job. The trial was postponed to 8 July 2015.


2011 Turkish football match-fixing scandal, Retrial
On 9 October 2015, the courts acquitted all the people who were charged at the beginning of the investigation, pending the Supreme Court's approval. Fenerbahçe declared that after the Supreme Court's approval, they would take every action to be compensated from all of the damages that has been done to the club by this investigation and previous court rulings.


2011 Turkish general election
Turkey's 17th general election was held on 12 June 2011 to elect 550 new members of Grand National Assembly. In accordance to the result of the constitutional referendum held in 2007, the election was held four years after the previous one instead of five.


2011 Turkish general election
The result was a third consecutive victory for the incumbent Justice and Development Party (AKP), with its leader Recep Tayyip Erdoğan being re-elected as Prime Minister for a third term with 49.8% of the vote and 327 MPs. This represented an increase of 3.2% since the 2007 general election and an 11.4% rise since the 2009 local elections. The victory was attributed to the strong sustained economic recovery after the 2008 global financial crisis as well as the completion of several projects such as the İzmir commuter railway, inter-city high speed rail lines and airports in Amasya, Gökçeada and Gazipaşa (Antalya).


2011 Turkish general election
The Republican People's Party (CHP) also saw an increase in its popular vote share, receiving 26.0% and 135 MPs. The Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) won 13.0% and 53 MPs, representing a slight loss of support since 2007. The election was the first to be contested by the CHP's new leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu, who replaced Deniz Baykal as leader in 2010.


2011 Turkish general election
The election was marred by violence originating mainly from the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), which is recognised as a terrorist organisation by Turkey, the European Union and the United States.


2011 Turkish general election, Background
Emboldened by the 2010 constitutional referendum, AKP leaders said they would create a new constitution after the 2011 elections.


2011 Turkish general election, Electoral system, Date
On March 3, 2011, Parliament approved a ruling party proposal to set June 12 as the date for the general elections. The proposal was submitted by the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) on February 21 and was approved unanimously in the Parliament's General Assembly. In its proposal, the AKP pointed to the appropriateness of June 12 as the election date considering the June dates for the placement test for high schools (SBS) and the university entrance exam (LYS). Seeking high voter turnout, the heat during the summer was also considered during the choice of date.


2011 Turkish general election, Electoral system, Changes to electoral law and regulations
In accordance with a law approved by Parliament last year that made changes to Turkey's election laws, Turkish voters encountered some new rules and reforms during the general election of 2011. The changes sought to bring Turkish election campaign regulations up to European standards.


2011 Turkish general election, Electoral system, Changes to electoral law and regulations
Turkish voters living abroad will have to wait for another election to be able to cast their votes in the countries in which they are residing due to the inability to institute electronic voting. Turkish voters abroad thus needed to cast their votes at customs gates.


2011 Turkish general election, Electoral system, Regions
The number of MPs by province was redistributed according to the most recent population data. The number of deputies in Parliament for Istanbul was increased by 15, for Ankara by three and İzmir by two; Antalya, Diyarbakır, Van and Şırnak each received one more seat in Parliament. Ankara's two regions yielded 15 and 16 deputies. Istanbul, made up of three regions, elected 30, 27 and 28 deputies. İzmir, with two regions, elected 13 deputies each from both regions.


2011 Turkish general election, Electoral system, Parties
On March 5, 2011, Turkey's Supreme Election Board announced that twenty-seven political parties had signed up to participate in the June 12 general elections:


2011 Turkish general election, Electoral system, Parties
Nine smaller political parties decided to change their election strategy. Some of them decided to participate in the elections as independent, while others formed an alliance under one party. On April 19, 2011, the Supreme Election Board announced that ÖDP and YP could not join the June 12 general elections as they could not hand out their necessary documents on time. Thus, the number of political parties joined the elections dropped to 15.


2011 Turkish general election, Campaign, Justice and Development Party
The large number of applications gave the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) nearly 15 million Turkish Liras in revenue ahead of the June 12 general elections. AKP, which had the most female deputies in the outgoing Parliament, planned to expand that number for the new term. Its aim was that all provinces with four to five deputies had at least one female deputy candidate during the election. The total 5,599 applications to the AKP included those of 855 female candidates and 315 candidates with disabilities.


2011 Turkish general election, Campaign, Justice and Development Party
Each male applicant paid a fee of 3,000 liras, while women paid half that sum and people with disabilities had their fees waived. The applications thus brought in a total of 14.85 million liras to the party. This revenue, however, will not remain in the AKP's bank account after the elections, party leader Erdoğan said, explaining that candidates who did not make it onto the party's list will have their money returned.


2011 Turkish general election, Campaign, Justice and Development Party
Key figures who applied to be AKP candidates included Ambassador Volkan Bozkır, the head of Turkey's General Secretariat for the European Union and former Istanbul Governor Muammer Güler.


2011 Turkish general election, Campaign, Justice and Development Party
April 12, 2011, was the last date for political parties to submit their list of candidate MPs to the Higher Election Board for the general elections. Prime Minister Erdoğan dismissed half his party's parliamentary deputies for this election, aiming to rejuvenate the party as he sought a third term in power. Erdoğan nominated only 146 deputies out of the 333 parliamentary seats for the ruling Justice & Development party to stand again in this election. Of the AKP's 550 candidates, 514 had university degrees. There were also 11 people with disabilities on the list. Important figures from the party kept their positions with many ministers moved to the coastal regions where the party previously attracted fewer votes.


2011 Turkish general election, Campaign, Justice and Development Party
Following a rally by Erdoğan in Kastamonu on 4 May, assailants ambushed a police convoy killing one person and wounding another. The Kurdistan Workers Party claimed responsibility for the attack after Erdoğan accused "separatists" at another rally for the attack.


2011 Turkish general election, Campaign, Republican People's Party
The 2011 general election was the first general election in which Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu participated as the leader of Republican People's Party (CHP). The former CHP leader Deniz Baykal resigned from his post in May 2010 and left the CHP with 26% of the votes, according to opinion polls. Kılıçdaroğlu announced that he would resign from his post if he was not successful in the 2011 elections. He did not provide details as to what his criteria for success were. Over 3,500 people applied to run for the main opposition party in the June elections. Male candidates paid 3,000 Turkish Liras to submit an application; female candidates paid 2,000 while those with disabilities paid 500 liras. Among the candidates were former CHP leader Deniz Baykal and arrested Ergenekon suspects such as Mustafa Balbay and Mehmet Haberal.


2011 Turkish general election, Campaign, Republican People's Party
The party held primary elections in 29 provinces. Making a clean break with the past, Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu left his mark on the Republican People's Party's 435-candidate list, leaving off 78 current deputies as he sought to redefine and reposition the main opposition. The CHP's candidate list also included 11 politicians who were formerly part of center-right parties, such as the Motherland Party, the True Path Party and the Turkey Party. Center-right voters gravitated toward the AKP when these other parties virtually collapsed after the 2002 elections. Key party figures that did not make it on to the list, criticised the CHP for making "a shift in axis."


2011 Turkish general election, Polls
In the local elections of 2009, the ruling AKP received 39% of the votes. The second party CHP received 23% of the votes, and the third party MHP received 16% of the votes. In the run up to the general election of 2011, the polling organisations noted a growth in the popularity of the AKP. Polling organisations showed a rate between 42% and 51%. For CHP, the numbers varied between 25% and 30%. MHP was mostly shown between 10% and 14%


2011 Turkish general election, Results, Nationwide results
The provisional election results were announced at 18:30 (UTC+2) on June 12, 2011. The official election results will be announced when all votes are counted.


2011 Turkish general election, Results, Results by electoral district
* All 35 Independent MPs were elected from the Labour, Democracy and Freedom Block supported by parties such as the Peace and Democracy Party. The candidates contested the election as independents in order to bypass the 10% threshold. ^ Hatip Dicle was initially elected as an independent MP for Diyarbakır, but his election was annulled by the Supreme Electoral Council of Turkey. His place was taken by an AKP candidate who was the sixth on the party list.


2011 Turkish general election, Results, Analysis
The ruling party of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan won a third term in parliamentary elections. Erdoğan is the only prime minister in Turkish history to win three consecutive general elections and each time receive more votes than in the previous election. Four party groups will take their place in Turkey's new Parliament as electoral officials had counted all the votes.


2011 Turkish general election, Results, Analysis
The ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) will form a majority government after winning just a shade under 50 percent of the popular vote; the incumbents will be joined again by the opposition Republican People's Party (CHP), the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) and the Peace and Democracy Party (BDP) in the legislature.


2011 Turkish general election, Results, Analysis
The 327 seats won by AKP are slightly less than the 330 required to propose constitutional changes to a referendum without the support of other parties in parliament, and falls far short of the two-thirds majority needed to rewrite Turkey's 1982 military constitution unilaterally without the need for a referendum. A total of 73 AKP senior officials were elected for the last time in this election. The party's bylaws state that a person can run for Parliament for three consecutive terms at most.


2011 Turkish general election, Results, Analysis
Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan, parliamentary Speaker Mehmet Ali Şahin, deputy prime ministers Bülent Arınç, Cemil Çiçek, Ali Babacan, ministers Beşir Atalay, Faruk Çelik, Mehmet Mehdi Eker, Sadullah Ergin, Egemen Bağış, Nimet Çubukçu, Hayati Yazıcı, Vecdi Gönül, Taner Yıldız, Nihat Ergün, Binali Yıldırım and Recep Akdağ are among those who will not be eligible for nomination in the next general election.


2011 Turkish general election, Results, Analysis
The second largest party in parliament, the Republican People's Party, won 25.9% of the vote. MHP won 13% of the vote, more than the 10% threshold required to win seats in Parliament. Thirty-five independent candidates, all of whom were backed by the Kurdish BDP under their Labour, Democracy and Freedom Bloc alliance (together with other parties, including the Rights and Freedoms Party, the Participatory Democracy Party and the Labour Party), were also voted in. Leyla Zana (50) returns to Parliament two decades after she was elected to the national assembly for the first time in 1991.


2011 Turkish general election, Results, Analysis
Erol Dora, a Syriac lawyer elected as independent but supported by the BDP, is the first ethnic Assyrian member of the Grand National Assembly and the first Christian MP since 1960 (the Armenian Migirdich Shellefyan was an MP in 1955–1960).


2011 Turkish general election, Results, Analysis
The number of female deputies was boosted from 46 to 78. With 44 female deputies, the AKP ranks the first. This term, there will be 20 female deputies from the opposition Republican People's Party (CHP), three from the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) and 11 among the Kurdish Peace and Democracy (BDP)-backed independents in Parliament.


2011 Turkish general election, Results, Analysis
The oldest member of Parliament Oktay Ekşi from CHP, who was the youngest member of Constituent Assembly of 1961, will act as the parliamentary speaker temporarily during the oath ceremony. Bilal Macit (27) from AKP has become the youngest member of Parliament.


2011 Turkish general election, Results, Analysis
Hatip Dicle (BDP) was stripped of his seat after losing an appeal against a prior conviction for spreading terrorist propaganda. His seat went to Oya Eronat of the AKP. There are speculations that the remaining BDP MPs boycotted parliament because of this incident, but that attitude did not bring him to the parliament. Both AKP and CHP favoured amending the law in this case to allow Dicle to take his seat; a similar case had already applied to PM Erdoğan in 2003, when the law was also changed to allow for his seating.


2011 Turkish general election, Results, Analysis
Two CHP MPs, journalist Mustafa Balbay and academic Mehmet Haberal, were in jail at the time for suspected involvement in the Ergenekon conspiracy; applications for their release were denied, which was strongly criticized by the CHP, who said they would appeal the ruling.


2011 Turkish general election, Results, Analysis
BDP and CHP both boycotted parliament's opening ceremony, as Dicle had been stripped of his seat and eight other MPs were refused attendance due to prison terms considered political by both BDP and CHP.


2011 Turkmenistan Cup
The 2011 Turkmenistan Cup is 19th since independence of the Turkmen national football cup.


2011 Turkmenistan Cup, Quarterfinals
The quarterfinal involves 8 best teams of previous regular season.


2011 Turkmenistan Cup, Quarterfinals, First leg, Second leg
Şagadam 3–3 HTTU on aggregate. HTTU won 4–2 on penalties.


2011 Turkmenistan President's Cup
Eight teams from five countries participated in the 17th edition of the Turkmenistan President's Cup, which took place in Ashgabat's Olympic Stadium and Abadan Stadium between February 20 and 28 2011. The group toppers clashed in the final and stood to win $20,000 while the runners-up got half that amount. The third-placed team received $5,000.


2011 Turner Prize
The prize exhibition was held at the Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art in Gateshead from 21 October 2011 to 8 January 2012, the first to be held outside London since the 2007 Turner Prize exhibition was held at Tate Liverpool, and the first time the exhibition has ever been held at a non-Tate venue.


2011 Turner Prize
The 2011 Turner Prize was won by Martin Boyce for his installation Do Words Have Voices The other nominees were Karla Black, Martin Boyce, Hilary Lloyd and George Shaw.


2011 Turner Prize
The prize jury for 2011 was Penelope Curtis (Director of  Tate Britain in London), Katrina Brown (Director of The Common Guild in Glasgow), Vasif Kortun (Director of SALT (institution) in Istanbul), Nadia Schneider (Director of Kunsthaus Glarus in Glarus) and Godfrey Worsdale (Director of Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art in Gateshead).


2011 Turner Prize
The prize ceremony was interrupted by the international streaker Mark Roberts who was hired by the artist Benedikt Dichgans.


2011 Turner Prize
149,770 people visited the exhibition at the Baltic making it the most visited Turner Prize exhibition ever.


2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado
The 2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado was an EF4 multiple-vortex tornado that destroyed portions of Tuscaloosa and Birmingham, Alabama, as well as smaller communities and rural areas between the two cities, during the late afternoon and early evening of April 27, 2011. It is one of the costliest tornadoes on record. It was one of the 360 tornadoes in the 2011 Super Outbreak, the largest tornado outbreak in United States history.


2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado
The tornado reached a maximum path width of 1.5 miles (2.4 km) during its track through Tuscaloosa, and once again when it crossed Interstate 65 north of Birmingham, and attained estimated winds of 190 mph (310 km/h) shortly after passing through the city. It then went on to impact parts of Birmingham as a high-end EF4 before dissipating. This was the third tornado to strike the city of Tuscaloosa in the past decade, and the second in two weeks.


2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado, Meteorological synopsis
On April 23, the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) began monitoring the potential for a substantial severe weather outbreak in the extended range. As a shortwave trough tracked across portions of the Mid-South and southeastern United States, moderate instability and strong wind shear ahead of a trailing cold front was expected to promote the development of supercell thunderstorms capable of producing tornadoes, large hail, and damaging winds.


2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado, Meteorological synopsis
Two days before the event, on April 25, the SPC issued a moderate risk of severe weather encompassing portions of central and eastern Kentucky, middle and eastern Tennessee, northeast Mississippi, central and northern Alabama, and northwest Georgia. Due to the combination of rich low-level moisture, strong shear, and focused large-scale ascent, there was relatively high confidence across the outlined area for strong tornadoes – a tornado rated EF2 or higher on the Enhanced Fujita scale – and widespread damaging winds. By the morning of April 27, the SPC upgraded to a high risk of severe weather, noting that a dangerous tornado outbreak capable of producing several violent – EF4 tornado or stronger on the Enhanced Fujita scale – and long-track tornadoes was expected.


2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado, Meteorological synopsis
Shortly before 12:00 CDT, the probability of tornadoes within 25 miles of a location was increased even further to 45%, a level exceeding even typical high risk standards, for an area including Tuscaloosa. The forecast continued to emphasize the risk of strong/violent and very damaging tornadoes, as confidence increased even further regarding the risk for an extreme, high-end tornado outbreak.


2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado, Meteorological synopsis
Throughout the afternoon hours, in the wake of an earlier mesoscale convective system, the airmass across western and northern portions of Alabama began to quickly destabilize, with mixed layer convective available potential energy (CAPE) estimated in the 2500–4000 j/kg range and low-level dewpoints of 70–72 °F surging northward from Louisiana. Meanwhile, the wind shear environment became substantially more favorable as an 80–100 kn mid-level jet ejected eastward into the region.


2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado, Meteorological synopsis
At 1:45 p.m. CDT (18:45 UTC), a Particularly Dangerous Situation (PDS) tornado watch was issued for much of Alabama, northwest Georgia, southeast Mississippi, and southern middle Tennessee, with a >95% probability of at least two tornadoes and one or more strong tornadoes. Shortly thereafter, at 3:09 p.m. CDT (20:09 UTC), the National Weather Service office in Jackson, Mississippi issued the first tornado warning on the supercell that would eventually produce the Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado.


2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado, Tornado summary
The supercell produced a large wedge tornado in rural Greene County, Alabama, which tracked towards the neighboring Tuscaloosa County at EF2 intensity, uprooting numerous trees and causing minor damage to structures. Near Union at 4:50 p.m. CDT, footage of the wedge tornado was captured by meteorologist John Oldshue during a storm chase for ABC affiliate WBMA-LD/WCFT-TV/WJSU-TV (channels 58, 33, and 40 – "ABC 33/40"), which broadcast Oldshue's live video of the tornado as he was tracking it outside of town.


2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado, Tornado summary
This was the first video evidence that the tornado had touched the ground; the video, along with NEXRAD evidence of a tornado debris signature, prompted the National Weather Service office in Birmingham to declare a tornado emergency. Rapidly intensifying, the tornado moved towards the southern and eastern portions of Tuscaloosa at around 5:10 p.m. CDT (22:10 UTC). Skycams operated by Tuscaloosa-based television station WVUA-CA (channel 7) as well as Birmingham Fox affiliate WBRC (channel 6) and ABC 33/40, and a ground-based camera crew with CBS affiliate WIAT (channel 42) captured video of the tornado as it struck Tuscaloosa.


2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado, Tornado summary
The ABC 33/40 feed was periodically disrupted due to power outages caused by wind damage to electrical transformers. As it entered the city, Skycam footage showed surface condensation in the tornado, outside of a visible debris cloud, had briefly lifted; a discernible wedge-shaped condensation funnel, with occasional horizontal and vertical subvortices, subsequently touched back down at the surface as it began moving into neighborhoods in southern Tuscaloosa.


2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado, Tornado summary
The tornado entered the southern portion of Tuscaloosa as a low-end EF4 and crossed 35th Street, completely destroying a cell phone tower and several warehouses in an industrial area. It passed within a half mile of the Tuscaloosa Police Department Headquarters, forcing the evacuation of the dispatch personnel from the third floor offices until the storm passed. At that same time, the Tuscaloosa County Emergency Management Office sustained a direct hit and was totally destroyed along with most of their equipment and vehicles but with no injuries to the staff present.


2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado, Tornado summary
The tornado then ripped through the neighborhoods of Rosedale and Forest Lake, leveling and sweeping away numerous poorly-anchored homes. Several apartment complexes were entirely destroyed in this area, and a few two-story apartment buildings were completely reduced to rubble. The tornado crossed the intersection of 15th Street and McFarland Boulevard, and numerous businesses and restaurants near the University Mall were completely flattened at low-end EF4 strength, and vehicles were either tossed around or destroyed. The nearby Cedar Crest subdivision was devastated as numerous block-foundation homes were leveled.


2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado, Tornado summary
The tornado maintained its strength as it continued through the neighborhood of Alberta City, leveling and sweeping away numerous block-foundation homes, and completely flattening two more apartment buildings and a shopping center along University Boulevard. As the tornado exited the Alberta City section, the Chastain Manor Apartments (which were nailed, rather than bolted to their foundations) were completely destroyed and partially swept away. A well-anchored clubhouse on the property was mostly swept away and its remains were scattered into a pond, even though the structure had lacked interior walls. A nearby manhole cover was removed from its drain and thrown into a ravine.


2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado, Tornado summary
The tornado then grew from 0.5 miles (0.80 km) to 1 mile (1.6 km) wide and ripped through the suburb of Holt, leveling and sweeping away homes while still at low-end EF4 strength. Every tree was snapped in this area, including those within deep ravines. As it crossed Hurricane Creek, it tore apart a large metal railroad trestle, and a 34-tonne (74,957 lb) metal truss support structure was thrown 100 ft (30 m) up on a nearby hill.


2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado, Tornado summary
A marina on Holt Lake was significantly impacted, with numerous boats and a restaurant destroyed; some boats were tossed over 330 feet (100 m) in this area. The tornado exited the Tuscaloosa area and weakened to low-end EF3 status while contracting back to .5 miles (0.80 km) wide. It continued through a dense forest towards Birmingham, this time downing thousands of trees and flattening more rural homes.


2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado, Tornado summary
Numerous trees were completely denuded and debarked as the tornado passed near the rural communities of Searles and Mud Creek, and debris from Tuscaloosa was reported to be falling from the sky across Birmingham over 20 miles (32 km) away in Jefferson County. A total of 44 people were killed in the Tuscaloosa area.


2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado, Tornado summary
After causing massive timber damage in rural areas, the tornado entered Jefferson County and rapidly intensified to its maximum intensity and width.


2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado, Tornado summary
Many stations, including WIAT, the WBMA trimulcast, CBS affiliate WTVY (channel 4) in Dothan and NBC affiliate WSFA (channel 12) in Montgomery, showed television cameras capturing the event as the tornado – which appeared wider than its estimated width during that section of the path as the condensation funnel was partially obscured by a debris cloud and a dense rain shaft – moved east-northeast across the western and northern suburbs of Birmingham at high-end EF4 strength around 6:00 p.m. CDT (23:00 UTC).


2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado, Tornado summary
Several suburbs in the area sustained catastrophic damage from the tornado as it tore through the west side of Birmingham, resulting in twenty fatalities. The suburbs of Concord, Pleasant Grove, and McDonald Chapel, along with residential areas in northern Birmingham itself, were devastated. Extensive wind-rowing of debris was noted in Concord and Pleasant Grove, numerous trees were debarked, and some homes were swept away (though much of the debris remained next to the foundations and was not scattered, and most vehicles were not moved more than 15 yards (14 m)).


2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado, Tornado summary
As the tornado moved across a coal yard in this area, a 35.8-tonne (78,925 lb) coal car was thrown 391 ft (119 m) through the air. Past the coal yard, the tornado weakened to EF2 intensity, but still was able to destroy numerous pier and beam foundations homes and several industrial warehouses in McDonald Chapel. A four-sided brick home in the area also had its roof torn off, but none of its exterior walls collapsed. Numerous homes, apartment buildings, and a large church sustained significant damage as the tornado entered Birmingham's city limits and impacted the neighborhood of Pratt City.


2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado, Tornado summary
Vehicles were also moved, albeit only several feet. The tornado then struck the suburb of Fultondale, damaging homes and businesses in town. Light poles were damaged along Interstate 65, and a Days Inn and several other commercial buildings sustained major damage along US 31 before the tornado began to rapidly narrow and weaken. Some additional EF0 to EF1 damage occurred before the tornado dissipated two miles north of Tarrant. A total of 20 people were killed throughout Birmingham and its surrounding suburbs.


2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado, Tornado summary
The National Weather Service determined the path length of this violent tornado to be 80.68 miles (129.84 km) with a maximum damage path width of 1.5 miles (2.4 km), or 2,600 yards (2,400 m). The final rating of this tornado was a source of controversy, as some survey teams concluded EF5 damage, while others did not. The structures that were swept away by this tornado were either improperly anchored, lacked interior walls, or were surrounded by contextual damage not consistent with winds exceeding 200 mph (320 km/h), and as a result an EF5 rating could not be applied.


2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado, Tornado summary
Therefore, it was given a final rating of high-end EF4, with winds estimated at 190 mph (310 km/h). Early reports indicated 65 people were killed, with over 1,000 injured. However, this was revised to 64 deaths and more than 1,500 injuries. President Barack and First Lady Michelle Obama visited Tuscaloosa on April 29, taking a ground tour of some of the affected areas. Obama was quoted as saying that he had "never seen devastation like this." He stated further that he had already declared a federal state of emergency in Alabama.


2011 Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado, Aftermath
By the time the tornado lifted northeast of Birmingham, it had left behind a path of destruction of 80.7 miles (129.9 km) through Greene, Tuscaloosa and Jefferson counties. The tornado killed 64 people, including six University of Alabama students. It caused approximately $2.4 billion of property damage, surpassing the 1999 Bridge Creek–Moore tornado as the costliest single tornado in United States history at that time. Less than a month later, however, this number was surpassed by the Joplin, Missouri EF5 tornado, which caused $2.8 billion in damage.


2011 Tuvalu A-Division
The 2011 Tuvalu A-Division (also known as the 2011 National Provident Fund Championship League) is the 11th season of top flight association football in Tuvalu. The season began on 29 January 2011 and ended on 12 March 2011. Nauti FC were the defending champions.


2011 Tuvalu A-Division
Football in Tuvalu is played at club and national team level. The Tuvalu national football team draws from players in the Tuvalu A-Division; the national team competes in the Pacific Games and South Pacific Games. The national team is controlled by the Tuvalu National Football Association (TNFA).


2011 Tuvalu A-Division, Round 1
These matches took place from the weekend of 29 January 2011.


2011 Tuvalu A-Division, Round 2
These matches took place from the weekend of 5 February 2011.


2011 Tuvalu A-Division, Round 3
These matches took place from the weekend of 12 February 2011.


2011 Tuvalu A-Division, Round 4
These matches took place from the weekend of 19 February 2011.


2011 Tuvalu A-Division, Round 5
These matches took place from the weekend of 26 February 2011.


2011 Tuvalu A-Division, Round 6
These matches took place from the weekend of 5 March 2011.


2011 Tuvalu A-Division, Round 7
These matches took place from the weekend of 12 March 2011.


2011 Tuvalu drought
The 2011 Tuvalu drought was a period of severe drought afflicting Tuvalu, a South Pacific island country of approximately 10,500 people, in the latter half of 2011. A state of emergency was declared on September 28, 2011; with rationing of available fresh-water. The La Niña event that caused the drought ended in April–May 2012. By August 2012 the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Conditions indicated that the tropical Pacific Ocean was on the brink of an El Niño event.


2011 Tuvalu drought, Background
Tuvalu experiences the effects of El Niño & La Niña that flow from changes in ocean temperatures in equatorial and central Pacific. El Niño effects increase the chances of tropical cyclones; while La Niña effects increase the chances of drought conditions in Tuvalu.


2011 Tuvalu drought, Background
Tuvalu relies primarily on rainfall for the majority of its drinking water, which is collected and stored in storage tanks. The country normally receives between 200–400 mm (7.87–15.75 in) of rain per month during an average year.


2011 Tuvalu drought, La Niña effect and drought
The country had been hit by a prolonged period of dry weather in the second half 2011, which had been attributed to the La Niña that results in the cooling of the surface temperature of the sea around Tuvalu which resulted in reduced rainfall. In October 2011, the Tuvalu Red Cross reported that the country had not received normal rainfall in six months, leading to shortages. The capital, Funafuti, and several of the outer atolls had been particularly affected by the drought. Nukulaelae and Nanumaga were the most seriously affected outer islands. The dry conditions on Nukulaelae affected the vast majority of pulaka pits - Pulaka, or swamp taro, is a staple crop for Tuvaluans. On Vaitupu the drought was also severe, but not as bad as the other islands.


2011 Tuvalu drought, Declaration of a state of emergency
The government declared a state of emergency on September 28, 2011, due to severe water shortages in the capital atoll, Funafuti. The drought conditions resulted in water being rationed on the islands of Funafuti and Nukulaelae as water reserves ran low. Households on Funafuti and Nukulaelae were restricted to two buckets of fresh water per day (40 litres).


2011 Tuvalu drought, Declaration of a state of emergency
Households on Funafuti and Nukulaelae were rationed to two buckets of fresh-water a day (40 litres). A resident of Funafuti (in a household of 5 people) is quoted as saying that it is "hard, very hard" for her household to get by on the ration of two buckets of water a day. Meanwhile, other Tuvaluans were being forced to pay for imported foods as the consequence of failing crops as the result of the drought. Princess Margaret Hospital limited admissions to try and cope with the water rationing, with a fear that there may be a rise in waterborne diseases due to a lack of public bathing.


2011 Tuvalu drought, Declaration of a state of emergency
The secretary general of Tuvalu Red Cross, Tataua Pefe, said that lack of rain had caused the contamination of remaining ground water supplies, "It's not safe for consumption... Some animals have died recently and we think it's because of subterranean water."


2011 Tuvalu drought, Declaration of a state of emergency
Lack of rainfall had affected other countries and territories in the region, including American Samoa, Samoa, Tokelau and Tonga.


2011 Tuvalu drought, International aid
New Zealand began airlifting supplies and fresh water to Tuvalu on Monday, October 3, 2011. The New Zealand government had received reports during the prior weekend that parts of Tuvalu had just a two-day supply of water left, according to Foreign Affairs Minister Murray McCully. A New Zealand Air Force C-130 Hercules transport plane landed in the country carrying two desalination units and large containers of fresh water into Funafuti. Australia also sent a desalination plant.


2011 Tuvalu drought, International aid
Officials from various aid agencies, including the International Red Cross and the Tuvalu Red Cross, worked with the New Zealand and Tuvaluan governments to alleviate the drought and shortages.


2011 Tuvalu drought, International aid
The government of South Korea funded the shipment of 60,000 bottles of water from Fiji to Tuvalu. The governments of Australia and New Zealand responded to the fresh-water crisis by supplying temporary desalination plants, and assisting in the repair of the existing desalination unit that was donated by Japan in 2006.


2011 Tuvalu drought, International aid
In response to the 2011 drought, Japan funded the purchase of a 100 m³/d desalination plant and two portable 10 m³/d plants as part of its Pacific Environment Community (PEC) program. Aid programmes of the European Union in 2010 and 2011;  and Australia also provided water storage tanks to increase storage capacity in the outer islands as part of a longer term solution for the storage of available fresh water. Australia has also funded the installation of water tanks on Funafuti, which project also involved improving roof and gutter systems of households to capture more fresh water. In July 2012 a United Nations Special Rapporteur called on the Tuvalu Government to develop a national water strategy to improve access to safe drinking water and sanitation.


2011 Twenty20 Cup
The 2011 Friends Life t20 was the second season of the Friends Life t20, England's premier domestic Twenty20 competition. The season ran from 1 June to 27 August 2011. The teams in the tournament remained the same as the previous season.


2011 Twenty20 Cup
The schedule of the tournament had been widely criticised for being too long and therefore certain games had very few fans. The ECB announced that they retained the same schedule as it generates a lot of revenue for the smaller counties.


2011 Twenty20 Cup
The winner and runner-up of the tournament qualified for the 2011 Champions League Twenty20 qualifying stage.


2011 Twenty20 Cup, Statistics, Highest team totals
The following table lists the six highest team scores in the season.


2011 Twenty20 Cup, Statistics, Most runs
The top five highest run scorers (total runs) in the season are included in this table.


2011 Twenty20 Cup, Statistics, Highest scores
This table contains the top five highest scores of the season made by a batsman in a single innings.


2011 Twenty20 Cup, Statistics, Most wickets
The following table contains the five leading wicket-takers of the season.


2011 Twenty20 Cup, Statistics, Best bowling figures
This table lists the top five players with the best bowling figures in the season.


2011 Twin Anchors Invitational
The 2011 Twin Anchors Invitational was held from September 29 to October 3 at the Vernon Curling Club in Vernon, British Columbia as part of the 2011–12 World Curling Tour. The women's event, held in a round-robin format, began on September 29 and concluded on October 2, and the men's event, held in a triple-knockout format, began on September 30 and concluded on October 3. The purses for the men's and women's were CAD$27,000 (due to the lack of entries) and CAD $35,000, respectively.


2011 Twin Anchors Invitational, Women, Teams
*Amy Nixon was substituted as skip in place of Shannon Kleibrink, and Bronwen Webster moved to third. Alternate Carolyn Darbyshire took Webster's place at second.


2011 Type 094 accident
A Type 094 nuclear submarine belonging to China is thought to have suffered a release of radioactivity in July 2011. Media coverage of the event has been banned, leading to international concern over the handling of the crisis. The Chinese government denies any radiation leak has occurred.


2011 Type 094 accident, The event
On 29 July 2011 a release of radioactivity is thought to have taken place on board an 8,000-ton Type 094 Jin-class nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine, docked in Dalian. According to reports, China Era Electronics Corporation was installing an electronic system when the leak occurred.


2011 Type 094 accident, International reaction
South Korea has demanded that China clarify the situation and stop trying to cover up the event. The conservative Chosun Ilbo newspaper stated that the "Chinese authorities must waste no time in providing Korea with credible information."


2011 Türk Telecom İzmir Cup
The 2011 Türk Telecom İzmir Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in İzmir, Turkey between 19 and 25 September 2011.


2011 Türk Telecom İzmir Cup, ATP entrants, Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:


2011 Türk Telecom İzmir Cup, ATP entrants, Other entrants
The following players received entry as a Lucky Loser into the singles main draw:


2011 Türk Telecom İzmir Cup, Champions, Doubles
Travis Rettenmaier /  Simon Stadler def. Flavio Cipolla /  Thomas Fabbiano, 6–0, 6–2


2011 Türk Telecom İzmir Cup – Doubles
Rameez Junaid and Frank Moser were the defending champions, but decided not to participate.


2011 Türk Telecom İzmir Cup – Doubles
Travis Rettenmaier and Simon Stadler won in the final 6–0, 6–2, against Flavio Cipolla and Thomas Fabbiano.


2011 Türk Telecom İzmir Cup – Singles
Somdev Devvarman was the defending champion but decided not to participate.


2011 Türk Telecom İzmir Cup – Singles
5th seed Lukáš Lacko won the title, defeating 1st seed Marsel İlhan 6–4, 6–3 in the final.


2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami (Japanese: 東北地方太平洋沖地震, Hepburn: Tōhoku-chihō Taiheiyō Oki Jishin) occurred at 14:46 JST (05:46 UTC) on 11 March. The magnitude 9.0–9.1 (Mw) undersea megathrust earthquake had an epicenter in the Pacific Ocean,  72 km (45 mi) east of the Oshika Peninsula of the Tōhoku region, and lasted approximately six minutes, causing a tsunami. It is sometimes known in Japan as the "Great earthquake disaster of East Japan" (東日本大震災, Higashi nihon daishinsai), among other names. The disaster is often referred to in both Japanese and English as simply 3.11 (read san ten ichi-ichi in Japanese).


2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
It was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in Japan, and the fourth most powerful earthquake in the world since modern record-keeping began in 1900. The earthquake triggered powerful tsunami waves that may have reached heights of up to 40.5 meters (133 ft) in Miyako in Tōhoku's Iwate Prefecture, and which, in the Sendai area, traveled at 700 km/h (435 mph) and up to 10 km (6 mi) inland. Residents of Sendai had only eight to ten minutes of warning, and more than a hundred evacuation sites were washed away.


2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
The snowfall which accompanied the tsunami and the freezing temperature hindered rescue works greatly, for instance, Ishinomaki, the city with most deaths, was 0°C (32°F) as the tsunami hit. The official figures released in 2021 reported 19,747 deaths, 6,242 injured, and 2,556 people missing, and a report from 2015 indicated 228,863 people were still living away from their home in either temporary housing or due to permanent relocation.


2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
The tsunami caused the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, primarily the meltdowns of three of its reactors, the discharge of radioactive water in Fukushima and the associated evacuation zones affecting hundreds of thousands of residents. Many electrical generators ran out of fuel. The loss of electrical power halted cooling systems, causing heat to build up. The heat build-up caused the generation of hydrogen gas. Without ventilation, gas accumulated within the reactor containment structures and eventually exploded. Residents within a 20 km (12 mi) radius of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant and a 10 km (6.2 mi) radius of the Fukushima Daini Nuclear Power Plant were evacuated.


2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
Early estimates placed insured losses from the earthquake alone at US$14.5 to $34.6 billion. The Bank of Japan offered ¥15 trillion (US$183 billion) to the banking system on 14 March in an effort to normalize market conditions. The World Bank's estimated economic cost was US$235 billion, making it the costliest natural disaster in history. According to a 2020 study, "the earthquake and its aftermaths resulted in a 0.47 percentage point decline in Japan’s real GDP growth in the year following the disaster."


2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, Earthquake
The 9.1-magnitude (Mw) undersea megathrust earthquake occurred on 11 March 2011 at 14:46 JST (05:46 UTC) in the north-western Pacific Ocean at a relatively shallow depth of 32 km (20 mi), with its epicenter approximately 72 km (45 mi) east of the Oshika Peninsula of Tōhoku, Japan, lasting approximately six minutes. The earthquake was initially reported as 7.9 Mw by the USGS before it was quickly upgraded to 8.8 Mw, then to 8.9 Mw, and then finally to 9.0 Mw. On 11 July 2016, the USGS further upgraded the earthquake to 9.1. Sendai was the nearest major city to the earthquake, 130 km (81 mi) from the epicenter; the earthquake occurred 373 km (232 mi) northeast of Tokyo.


2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, Earthquake
The main earthquake was preceded by a number of large foreshocks, with hundreds of aftershocks reported. One of the first major foreshocks was a 7.2 Mw event on 9 March, approximately 40 km (25 mi) from the epicenter of the 11 March earthquake, with another three on the same day in excess of 6.0 Mw. Following the main earthquake on 11 March, a 7.4 Mw aftershock was reported at 15:08 JST (6:06 UTC), succeeded by a 7.9 Mw at 15:15 JST (6:16 UTC) and a 7.7 Mw at 15:26 JST (6:26 UTC).


2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, Earthquake
Over eight hundred aftershocks of magnitude 4.5 Mw or greater have occurred since the initial quake, including one on 26 October 2013 (local time) of magnitude 7.1 Mw. Aftershocks follow Omori's law, which states that the rate of aftershocks declines with the reciprocal of the time since the main quake. The aftershocks will thus taper off in time, but could continue for years.


2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, Earthquake
The earthquake moved Honshu (the main island of Japan) 2.4 m (8 ft) east, shifted the Earth on its axis by estimates of between 10 cm (4 in) and 25 cm (10 in), increased earth's rotational speed by 1.8 µs per day, and generated infrasound waves detected in perturbations of the low-orbiting Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer satellite. Initially, the earthquake caused sinking of part of Honshu's Pacific coast by up to roughly a metre, but after about three years, the coast rose back and kept on rising to exceed its original height.


2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, Earthquake, Geology
This megathrust earthquake was a recurrence of the mechanism of the earlier 869 Sanriku earthquake, which has been estimated as having a magnitude of at least 8.4 Mw, which also created a large tsunami that inundated the Sendai plain. Three tsunami deposits have been identified within the Holocene sequence of the plain, all formed within the last 3,000 years, suggesting an 800 to 1,100 year recurrence interval for large tsunamigenic earthquakes. In 2001 it was reckoned that there was a high likelihood of a large tsunami hitting the Sendai plain as more than 1,100 years had then elapsed. In 2007, the probability of an earthquake with a magnitude of Mw 8.1–8.3 was estimated as 99% within the following 30 years.


2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, Earthquake, Geology
This earthquake occurred where the Pacific Plate is subducting under the plate beneath northern Honshu. The Pacific plate, which moves at a rate of 8 to 9 cm (3.1 to 3.5 in) per year, dips under Honshu's underlying plate, building large amounts of elastic energy. This motion pushes the upper plate down until the accumulated stress causes a seismic slip-rupture event. The break caused the sea floor to rise by several metres. A quake of this magnitude usually has a rupture length of at least 500 km (310 mi) and generally requires a long, relatively straight fault surface.


2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, Earthquake, Geology
Because the plate boundary and subduction zone in the area of the Honshu rupture is not very straight, it is unusual for the magnitude of its earthquake to exceed 8.5 Mw; the magnitude of this earthquake was a surprise to some seismologists. The hypocentral region of this earthquake extended from offshore Iwate Prefecture to offshore Ibaraki Prefecture. The Japanese Meteorological Agency said that the earthquake may have ruptured the fault zone from Iwate to Ibaraki with a length of 500 km (310 mi) and a width of 200 km (120 mi). Analysis showed that this earthquake consisted of a set of three events. Other major earthquakes with tsunamis struck the Sanriku Coast region in 1896 and in 1933.


2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, Earthquake, Geology
The source area of this earthquake has a relatively high coupling coefficient surrounded by areas of relatively low coupling coefficients in the west, north, and south. From the averaged coupling coefficient of 0.5–0.8 in the source area and the seismic moment, it was estimated that the slip deficit of this earthquake was accumulated over a period of 260–880 years, which is consistent with the recurrence interval of such great earthquakes estimated from the tsunami deposit data. The seismic moment of this earthquake accounts for about 93% of the estimated cumulative moment from 1926 to March 2011. Hence, earthquakes in this area with magnitudes of about 7 since 1926 had only released part of the accumulated energy. In the area near the trench, the coupling coefficient is high, which could act as the source of the large tsunami.


2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, Earthquake, Geology
Most of the foreshocks are interplate earthquakes with thrust-type focal mechanisms. Both interplate and intraplate earthquakes appeared in the aftershocks offshore Sanriku coast with considerable proportions.


2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, Earthquake, Energy
The surface energy of the seismic waves from the earthquake was calculated to be 1.9×1017 joules, which is nearly double that of the 9.1 Mw 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami that killed 230,000 people. If harnessed, the seismic energy from this earthquake would power a city the size of Los Angeles for an entire year. The seismic moment (M0), which represents a physical size for the event, was calculated by the USGS at 3.9×1022 joules, slightly less than the 2004 Indian Ocean quake.


2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, Earthquake, Energy
Japan's National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) calculated a peak ground acceleration of 2.99 g (29.33 m/s2). The largest individual recording in Japan was 2.7 g, in Miyagi Prefecture, 75 km from the epicentre; the highest reading in the Tokyo metropolitan area was 0.16 g.


2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, Earthquake, Intensity
The strong ground motion registered at the maximum of 7 on the Japan Meteorological Agency seismic intensity scale in Kurihara, Miyagi Prefecture. Three other prefectures—Fukushima, Ibaraki and Tochigi—recorded an upper 6 on the JMA scale. Seismic stations in Iwate, Gunma, Saitama and Chiba Prefecture measured a lower 6, recording an upper 5 in Tokyo.


2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, Earthquake, Geophysical effects
Portions of northeastern Japan shifted by as much as 2.4 metres (7 ft 10 in) closer to North America, making some sections of Japan's landmass wider than before. Those areas of Japan closest to the epicenter experienced the largest shifts. A 400-kilometre (250 mi) stretch of coastline dropped vertically by 0.6 metres (2 ft 0 in), allowing the tsunami to travel farther and faster onto land.