2011 Yau Tsim Mong District Council election
The 2011 Yau Tsim Mong District Council election was held on 6 November 2011 to elect all 17 elected members to the 20-member District Council.


2011 Ykkönen
The Ykkönen 2011 season began on 28 April 2011 and ended on 22 October 2011.


2011 Ykkönen
The winner team will qualify directly for promotion to Veikkausliiga 2012. The bottom 4 teams will qualify directly for relegation to Kakkonen.


2011 Ykkönen, Overview
A total of thirteen teams will contest in the league, including ten sides from the 2010 season, FC Lahti who was relegated from Veikkausliiga, AC Oulu who was refused a license for Veikkausliiga and HIFK who promoted from Kakkonen after winning the promotion play-offs.


2011 Yobe State gubernatorial election
The 2011 Yobe State gubernatorial election was the 5th gubernatorial election of Yobe State. Held on April 26, 2011, the All Nigeria Peoples Party nominee Ibrahim Gaidam won the election, defeating Usman Albishir of the People's Democratic Party.


2011 Yobe State gubernatorial election, Results
A total of 6 candidates contested in the election. Ibrahim Gaidam from the All Nigeria Peoples Party won the election, defeating Usman Albishir from the People's Democratic Party. Valid votes was 656,128.


2011 Yokohama F. Marinos season
The 2011 Yokohama F. Marinos season was Yokohama F. Marinos's 19th season in J. League Division 1 and 32nd season overall in the top flight (counting the Japan Soccer League and participation in the inaugural J. League Cup). It also includes the 2011 J. League Cup and 2011 Emperor's Cup.


2011 Yokohama F. Marinos season, Squad
As of March 7, 2011 Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2011 York Region Shooters season
The 2011 CSL season was the 14th season in York Region Shooters participation in the Canadian Soccer League. The club ended their CSL campaign by securing the final postseason berth in the First Division. In the postseason York Region defeated division champions SC Toronto in the preliminary round, but were eliminated from the competition in the following round to Toronto Croatia. While in the Second Division their reserve team clinched a playoff berth after finishing third in the East Conference standings. Kadian Lecky was Vaughan's top goalscorer for the sixth consecutive time scoring a personal record of 15 goals.


2011 York Region Shooters season, Summary
The managerial structure remained intact with Filipe Bento resuming his coaching duties for the 2011 season. The roster assembled by Bento consisted of the traditional group of veteran core players with a few additions of CSL veterans and talent from abroad. Near the conclusion of the season Bento was replaced by former league veteran Brian Bowes. Throughout the season York Region struggled to achieve sufficient results, but managed to secure the final playoff berth after finishing eighth in the standings. Their postseason performance saw the club defeat First Division champions SC Toronto in the opening rounds, but in the second round the Shooters were eliminated from the competition after a defeat to Toronto Croatia.


2011 York Region Shooters season, Summary
Meanwhile in the Second Division their reserve team clinched a playoff berth after finishing third in the East Conference standings. While in the management staff the club lost the services of veteran club official Ruben Toro due to surgery complications from pneumonia. Toro was a notable member of the Brampton Hitmen team staff that won the 2005 CPSL Championship.


2011 York Region Shooters season, Squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2011 York Region Shooters season, Competitions summary, First division, Results summary
Last updated: October 11, 2011. Source: 2010 Canadian Soccer League season


2011 Youngstown State Penguins football team
The 2011 Youngstown State Penguins football team represented Youngstown State University in the 2011 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Penguins were led by second-year head coach Eric Wolford and played their home games at Stambaugh Stadium. They are a member of the Missouri Valley Football Conference. They finished the season 6–5, 4–4 in MVFC play to finish in a tie for fourth place.


2011 Ypres Rally
The 2011 GEKO Ypres Rally, was the fifth round of the 2011 Intercontinental Rally Challenge and fourth round of the 2011 European Rally Championship. The event was held between 23–25 June 2011, and was based in the town of Ypres in Belgium.


2011 Ypres Rally, Introduction
The rally was held over two days with a total of 287.89 km (178.89 mi) covered in eighteen asphalt special stages. Friday had six stages with Saturday having a total of twelve stages. In addition to IRC frontrunners Bryan Bouffier, Jan Kopecký and Thierry Neuville, other entries in S2000 cars included Freddy Loix (Škoda Fabia S2000), Abarth driver Luca Rossetti and factory Proton pair, Giandomenico Basso and Per-Gunnar Andersson. Kopecký failed to start the event however, after a crash in shakedown that caused an injury to his co-driver, Petr Starý.


2011 Ypres Rally, Results
Freddy Loix won the event for the seventh time, having led from start to finish.


2011 Yuen Long District Council election
The 2011 Yuen Long District Council election was held on 6 November 2011 to elect all 31 elected members to the 42-member District Council.


2011 Yukon general election
The 2011 general election in Yukon, Canada, took place on October 11, 2011, to return members to the 33rd Yukon Legislative Assembly.


2011 Yukon general election
The incumbent government was led by Darrell Pasloski, who was elected as leader of the Yukon Party at a convention on May 28, 2011, replacing former Premier Dennis Fentie. The Yukon Party won its third majority government, with Elizabeth Hanson's NDP becoming the Official Opposition, replacing the Liberal Party, whose leader Arthur Mitchell was unable to return to the Assembly.


2011 Yukon general election, Pre-writ period, Redistribution
In 2008, the Yukon Assembly struck a committee to review the electoral district boundaries for this election. The committee decided to increase the number of seats in the territory to 19. Yukon now matches the other territorial assemblies in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut in terms of the number of seats.


2011 Yukon general election, Pre-writ period, Redistribution
The rural districts outside of the capital city of Whitehorse remained unchanged with the exception of Mount Lorne and Southern Lakes which were merged into a single district. The total number of rural districts dropped from 9 to 8.


2011 Yukon general election, Pre-writ period, Redistribution
The urban ridings in Whitehorse were increased to 11 from 9. Only three districts in Whitehorse had no boundary changes, Whitehorse Centre, Riverdale North and Riverdale South. The riding that received the most significant alteration was Copperbelt. That district was split into four ridings, primarily Copperbelt North and Copperbelt South, while McIntyre-Takhini was significantly expanded in western uninhabited part of Copperbelt and renamed Takhini-Kopper King. An entirely new riding was also created out of Copperbelt called Mountainview. The remaining urban districts all received minor boundary adjustments.


2011 Yukon general election, Pre-writ period, Redistribution
The boundary changes were adopted by the Yukon Legislative Assembly in 2009.


2011 Yukon general election, Pre-writ period, Lake Laberge dispute
In the fall of 2009, Yukon Party MLA Brad Cathers had a falling out with Premier Dennis Fentie, and ended up sitting as an independent on the opposition side.


2011 Yukon general election, Pre-writ period, Lake Laberge dispute
Cathers remained a party member despite his public criticism of Fentie. On May 19, 2010, the Yukon Party riding executive of Lake Laberge nominated Brad Cathers as a delegate to the party's 2010 convention. The meeting lasted three hours and saw the riding executive loyal to Fentie, including the President, walk out on the 60 members who attended. Former MLA Al Falle defended Cathers at the meeting. The meeting ended with a board of directors loyal to Cathers being elected.


2011 Yukon general election, Candidates running
Bold incumbents indicates cabinet members and party leaders and the speaker of the assembly are italicized.


2011 Yukon/NWT Men's Curling Championship
The 2011 Yukon/NWT Men's Curling Championship was held February 10–13 at the Yellowknife Curling Club in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories. The winning team of Jamie Koe will represent Yukon/NWT at the 2011 Tim Hortons Brier in London, Ontario.


2011 Yunnan earthquake
The 2011 Yunnan earthquake was a 5.4 magnitude earthquake that occurred on 10 March 2011 at 12:58 CST, with its epicenter in Yingjiang County, Yunnan, People's Republic of China, near the Burmese border. A total of 26 people died and 313 were injured with 133 in serious condition. China's Xinhua reports that up to seven aftershocks, measuring up to a magnitude of 4.7, followed the initial quake, which caused a total of 127,000 people to be evacuated to nearby shelters. It joined over 1,000 other minor tremors that affected the region in the two preceding months. Following damage surveys, officials reported that 1,039 buildings were destroyed and 4,994 more were seriously damaged. The earthquake occurred one day before a much larger earthquake struck Japan that also formed a tsunami.


2011 Yunnan earthquake, Damage and casualties
The epicenter was 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) from the center of the county, which has a population of more than 270,000 people and is home to several of China's ethnic minorities. The state news agency reports that an estimate of 1,200 houses and apartments collapsed and that around 17,500 were severely damaged. The surrounding area also suffered through power outages caused by the quake and several aftershocks. It is not known if there were any casualties or damage in Burma. Although there was a power outage telecommunications continued to work after the earthquake. Close to 127,100 people were evacuated from Yingjiang County following the quake, which affected a total of 344,600 people.


2011 Yunnan earthquake, Damage and casualties
China Central Television showed damaged buildings with debris around as police officers directed traffic on a chaotic street. A local reported the extent of the damage to the BBC, saying, "[half] of a supermarket building had collapsed. Three other big buildings nearby were also badly destroyed", and that "the walls of almost all the houses had collapsed."


2011 Yunnan earthquake, Damage and casualties
Small tremors had been occurring in this region for two months and caused damage to many local buildings. A seismologist explained that the strength of this earthquake was enough to let damaged buildings collapse.


2011 Yunnan earthquake, Reaction
The Chinese media reported that 5,000 tents, 10,000 quilts and nearly 1,000 troops were being sent to the area to aid the rescue efforts. The Macao Red Cross also offered 200,000 RMB as a relief fund for the earthquake. Xinhua has described the area as a "Quake Prone belt" as there have been a thousand tremors in the area in recent months. There were multiple aftershocks as rescue efforts got underway by firefighters and other rescuers. The Chinese government allocated 55 million yuan to relief efforts on 11 March while the Ministry of Finance gave 50 million yuan for infrastructure repair. The earthquake forced the delay of a planned 180,000-kW hydroelectricity project in the Nujiang River Valley.


2011 Yunnan protest
The 2011 Yunnan protest occurred from March 25 to March 29, 2011 in Suijiang County, Yunnan, People's Republic of China. This event, formally known as the 2011 Yunnan Protest, occurred as a land dispute after the government seized land which was to be grounds for the development of a new power plant. This event was considered a land protest as the civilians protested in protection of the land they lived and worked on.


2011 Yunnan protest
This protest was not the first of its kind that occurred in the Yunnan province. Land related protests had been on the rise for two years between civilians and government forces before this particular event occurred in 2011. The power plant that was the source of the 2011 protest was set to be a coal plant and a concern of pollution became cause for protest.


2011 Yunnan protest
This protest, similar to other land protests which occurred in the Yunnan Province, was deemed violent by protesters as riot police wore body armor, unleashed tear gas, and beat protesters. There were allegations that the protests resulted in the targeted deaths of protesters. These protests had been a major source of unrest across the Yunnan Province and in other areas of China as the safety of civilian protesters was harmed and reports of injuries and death tolls rose. Other incidents of the Yunnan protest include storming government buildings, blocking highways, and vandalizing cars. These events all resulted in police intervention.


2011 Yunnan protest
These protests continued for several days and spread into surrounding provinces, such as Haimen and Wukan in the Guangdong Province as the government released plans to expand the coal power plant into surrounding areas. The protests continued over a loss of land and a concern of pollution to the air and surrounding ground and drinking water supplies, which may cause bodily harm to civilians. Protests, similar to the Yunnan Protest, over land continued across China for a couple more years as civilians struggled against the government over land being seized to make space for a growing number of power plants.


2011 Yunnan protest
The results of these protests involved a victory for local officials and developers as the specific power plants which were protested were still built and other plans for development continued on. Some civilians who were subject to pollution and forced to drink contaminated drinking water received some compensation, but for the most part their protests were ignored and their demands were not met. Local officials continue to ignore protests for protection from pollution.


2011 Yunnan protest
Issues regarding pollution have begun to affect not only the health of individuals, but has also barred them access to medical treatment as after the protests some were denied access to blood screenings and other tests which may have shown the extent of the damage caused by continual exposure to pollutants.


2011 Yunnan protest
Protests in this area also continued over a general unrest and distrust of local officials. The protesters across these various provinces felt a deep disloyalty towards local officials as their land was constantly being seized and sold to developers and they were at risk of dangerous pollution. Many protesters fought beyond the issues of development and power plants and demanded a right to elect their own local officials. These demands most often were not seen through as local civilians were not given an option to choose their own officials and development continued to occur at a regular pace.


2011 Yunnan protest, Dispute
About 40,000 Suijiang and 60,000 Pingshan County, Sichuan residents were forced to relocate to make way for a power station. The Xiangjiaba facility is located at the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in Yunnan. The dispute began with issues of compensations.


2011 Yunnan protest, Protest
About 1,500 armed police officers were sent to Suijiang county. Up to 30 protesters and 20 policemen were wounded in the clashes. There were about 2,000 protesters according to the government. According to the villagers, at its peak there were 7,000 protesters. They started throwing bricks, and armoured vehicles were sent to the scene.


2011 Zabul province bombing
The 2 July 2011 Zabul province bombing was a roadside bombing that killed 11 members of a family in Zabul Province, Shamulzayi District, Afghanistan, thought to be refugees returning from Pakistan heading to Ghazni Province.


2011 Zagreb Ladies Open
The 2011 Zagreb Ladies Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the seventh edition of the tournament which was part of the 2011 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Zagreb, Croatia from 12 and 18 September 2011.


2011 Zagreb Ladies Open, WTA entrants, Other Entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:


2011 Zagreb Ladies Open, Champions, Doubles
Maria João Koehler /  Katalin Marosi def. Maria Abramović /  Mihaela Buzărnescu, 6–0, 6–3


2011 Zagreb Ladies Open – Doubles
Mailen Auroux and Nataša Zorić were the defending champions, but both chose not to participate.


2011 Zagreb Ladies Open – Doubles
Maria João Koehler and Katalin Marosi won the title, defeating Maria Abramović and Mihaela Buzărnescu in the final, 6–0, 6–3.


2011 Zagreb Ladies Open – Singles
Renata Voráčová was the defending champion, but chose not to participate.


2011 Zagreb Ladies Open – Singles
Dia Evtimova won the title by defeating Anastasia Pivovarova in the final 6–2, 6–2.


2011 Zagreb Open
The 2011 Zagreb Open (Also known as the Pliva Zagreb Open for sponsorship reasons) was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. This event was the 16th edition of the tournament and was part of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour and 2011 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Zagreb, Croatia May 9-16, 2011.


2011 Zagreb Open, ATP singles main draw entrants, Other Entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:


2011 Zagreb Open, WTA Entrants, Other Entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:


2011 Zagreb Open, Champions, Men's Doubles
Daniel Muñoz-de la Nava /  Rubén Ramírez Hidalgo def. Mate Pavić /  Franko Škugor, 6–2, 7–6(10)


2011 Zagreb Open, Champions, Women's Doubles
Elitsa Kostova /  Barbara Sobaszkiewicz def. Ani Mijačika /  Ana Vrljić, 1–6, 6–3, [12–10]


2011 Zagreb Open – Men's Doubles
Andre Begemann and Matthew Ebden were the defending champions but decided not to participate. Daniel Muñoz-de la Nava and Rubén Ramírez Hidalgo won the title, defeating Mate Pavić and Franko Škugor 6–2, 7–6(10) in the final.


2011 Zagreb Open – Men's Singles
Yuri Schukin was the defending champion but chose to compete in Bordeaux instead. Diego Junqueira won this tournament. He defeated João Souza 6–3, 6–4 in the final.


2011 Zagreb Open – Women's Doubles
This was a new event in 2011 for the ITF Women's Circuit.


2011 Zagreb Open – Women's Doubles
Elitsa Kostova and Barbara Sobaszkiewicz won the title, defeating Ani Mijačika and Ana Vrljić 1–6, 6–3, [12–10] in the final.


2011 Zagreb Open – Women's Singles
This was a new event to the ITF Women's Circuit in 2011.


2011 Zagreb Open – Women's Singles
Nathalie Piquion won the title, defeating qualifier Doroteja Erić in the final, 6–3, 3–6, 6–1.


2011 Zambian general election
General elections were held in Zambia on 20 September 2011, electing a President and members of the National Assembly. Michael Sata of the Patriotic Front (PF) won the presidential elections, defeating incumbent Rupiah Banda of the Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD), and was sworn into office on 23 September. The PF emerged as the largest party in the National Assembly, winning 60 of the 148 seats decided on election day.


2011 Zambian general election, Campaign
Incumbent President Rupiah Banda, of the ruling Movement for Multi-Party Democracy party, ran for his first full term as president after replacing Levy Mwanawasa, who died in August 2008.


2011 Zambian general election, Campaign
Michael Sata was the candidate of the Patriotic Front and Hakainde Hichilema was the candidate of the United Party for National Development.


2011 Zambian general election, Campaign
With Chinese companies investing US$2 billion by the end of 2010 in the Zambian economy, the status of Chinese business ties with Zambia, Africa's largest copper producer, grew significantly. Early in his campaign, Sata accused the Chinese mining firms of having slave-like labour conditions and ignoring safety standards and local cultural practices. He has been nicknamed "King Cobra" because of his harsh rhetoric, but he later toned down his rhetoric against the mostly Chinese foreign mining firms.


2011 Zambian general election, Conduct
Two days before the results were officially announced, the High Court banned three independent media outlets from publishing speculation on the result after The Post published a headline reading "Sata Heads for Victory." The same day, Banda's office also said that such reports were "rumours" as no final result had been compiled. The delay in announcing the results was the cause of riots in Ndola and Kitwe, where youths fought with riot police while also burning vehicles and markets. Additionally, hackers attacked the Election Commission's website that night and posted false results suggesting Sata won by a landslide.


2011 Zambian general election, Conduct
European Union electoral observers said that the election was "generally well administered," but that there was not equitable access to resources, resulting in the lack of a "level playing field" in the campaign. They said that state-owned media had failed to meet "even their minimal obligations as public service media."


2011 Zambian general election, Conduct
The Zambian-based Foundation for Democratic Process criticised the holding of the election without electoral reform. It blamed the history of electoral violence and the previous failure of the losing parties to accept losing on the lack of reform. While many called for the establishment of a 50% + 1 vote system for electing the president, the government said a new system would not be used for the election.


2011 Zambian general election, Results
On 23 September, Chief Justice Ernest Sakala announced Sata the winner of the election with 1,150,045 votes, or 43%, with 95.3% of votes counted. Banda received 961,796 votes, or 36.1%, and other minor parties trailed in the poll. Sata was sworn into office later that day


2011 Zambian general election, Results, National Assembly
Voting did not take place in two constituencies (Magoye and Nakonde) on polling day due to deaths of candidates, and the elected member for Chongwe (Japhen Mwakalombe of the MMD) resigned before taking his seat. By-elections were held for all three seats on 24 November 2011, with the PF winning two (Chongwe and Nakonde) and the UPND one (Magoye).


2011 Zambian general election, Reactions
Sata received a congratulatory telephone call from his U.S. counterpart Barack Obama. While in the 2006 election China had threatened to cut diplomatic relations with Zambia if Sata was elected, due to his criticisms of Chinese mining interests in the country, China issued a statement "welcoming" the result.


2011 Zambian general election, Analysis
Psephologists suggested that the youth vote helped anti-incumbency in a continent that rarely results in an anti-incumbent vote. They also drew parallels with the 2011 ousting of the presidents of Tunisia and Egypt. As a result of Sata's rhetoric, there were also concerns about the future investment climate in the country. Other readings said that after Sata toned down his rhetoric he did not differ much from Banda, but benefited from a crowded ballot of candidates. Psephologists also indicated that Sata did well in the urban areas, while Banda was expected to do well in the rural areas.


2011 Zamfara State gubernatorial election
The 2011 Zamfara State gubernatorial election was the 4th gubernatorial election of Zamfara State. Held on April 26, 2011, the All Nigeria Peoples Party nominee Abdul'aziz Abubakar Yari won the election, defeating Mahmud Shinkafi of the People's Democratic Party.


2011 Zamfara State gubernatorial election, Results
A total of 17 candidates contested in the election. Abdul'aziz Abubakar Yari from the All Nigeria Peoples Party won the election, defeating Mahmud Shinkafi from the People's Democratic Party. Votes cast was 1,022,991, valid votes was 989,378, 33,613 votes was cancelled.


2011 Zanesville, Ohio animal escape
Muskingum County Animal Farm was a private zoo located in Zanesville, Ohio, United States.


2011 Zanesville, Ohio animal escape
The Muskingum County animal farm had been repeatedly reported for inadequate and unsafe housing for the animals, as well as insufficient water and food.


2011 Zanesville, Ohio animal escape, Exotic animal escape
On October 18, 2011, dozens of exotic animals were released from their enclosures. Lions, tigers, bears, and wolves were among the animals that escaped and were hunted by local law enforcement out of fear for public safety. Owner Terry Thompson allegedly set free 50 of his 56 exotic animals before shooting himself in the head. Forty-eight animals were killed by the local police while two were presumed eaten by the other animals.


2011 Zanesville, Ohio animal escape, Exotic animal escape
The animals confirmed to be dead were eighteen tigers, six black bears, two grizzly bears, two wolves, one macaque monkey, one baboon, three mountain lions, nine male lions, and eight lionesses. Three leopards, a small bear, and two monkeys were left caged inside Thompson's home. These animals were tranquilized and sent to the Columbus Zoo. One of the surviving leopards was subsequently injured in an accident at the zoo and was euthanized.


2011 Zanesville, Ohio animal escape, Terry Thompson
Terry Thompson, a Vietnam War veteran, was a lifelong collector of exotic animals. In the years leading up to his death he went to prison on federal gun charges, he was heavily in debt, and his wife had left him. He had acted as an animal handler on Wild Kingdom in 2008, and provided a lion cub to a photoshoot with Heidi Klum.


2011 Zanesville, Ohio animal escape, Reactions
Jack Hanna, TV wildlife expert and Director Emeritus of the Columbus Zoo, lamented the killings but deemed the police actions necessary. Ohio governor John Kasich called for a temporary moratorium on the sale of exotic animals. In August 2012, Britain's Channel 4 broadcast a documentary on the animal release called America's Animal Hoarder: Horror at the Zoo, featuring footage of Thompson's animals and interviews with those who brought the situation under control.


2011 Zanesville, Ohio animal escape, Reactions
The Netflix documentary Tiger King: Murder, Mayhem and Madness references the event in Episode 1 of Season 1. It includes footage of the escape and reactions from other private owners of exotic animals.


2011 Zengcheng riot
The 2011 Zengcheng riot (6•11事件) began on June 10, 2011 in Xintang town (新塘镇), Zengcheng, Guangdong, China and is ongoing. The demonstrators are mainly migrant workers in Xintang.


2011 Zengcheng riot, Background
On June 10, 2011 a 20-year-old pregnant woman named Wang Lianmei (王联梅) was manhandled by security personnel in front of a supermarket in Dadun village, Xintang. The security personnel was hired by the local government. In the scuffle the woman fell to the ground and her husband Tang Xuecai (唐学才) was beaten. Both are from Sichuan province.


2011 Zengcheng riot, Riot
The incident started late Friday June 10 with the riot lasting several days at Xintang. By June 11 more than a thousand people participated. Cars were smashed, ATMs were broken into. Police were attacked.


2011 Zengcheng riot, Riot
At around 9pm Sunday June 12 over 1,000 migrant workers began gathering. The demonstrators marched toward Phoenix city where ranks of police formed a human barricade. Armed police used tear gas to disperse the crowd. Thousands of rioters overturned police cars and set fire to local government offices. About 25 people were arrested, and there were no deaths reported.


2011 Zhongshan riot
The 2011 Zhongshan riot occurred on November 12, 2011 in Zhongshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.


2011 Zhongshan riot, Background
The case began in August 2011 when villagers tried to block production at the Jinrui Industrial park by extending a land leasing row. Claims were made that the protest came after Dongsheng government officials sold off village land for their own personal gain. The villagers said the officials were not willing to give compensate 1.5 million yuan per mu of land. The negotiations could not come to a conclusion, and police were sent to beat up the villagers instead.


2011 Zhongshan riot, Riot
According to the Hong Kong Oriental Daily news, thousands of residents were involved in the riot on November 12, 2011. Residents of Yilong village attacked the Jinrui Industrial park in Xiaolan town. They wielded clubs and threw stones. They burned two factory shops to vent their anger, and 3000 armed police were on the scene.


2011 Zhongshan riot, Riot
A report said three people had been beaten to death, but the police denied anyone had died on their Sina Weibo microblog account. Photographs uploaded to the microblog, and other websites showed columns of police trooping through the village. Crowds of residents engaged in stand-offs with the police and a nighttime sit-down protest.


2011 Zolder Superleague Formula round
The 2011 Zolder Superleague Formula round, also referred to as the 2011 Superleague Formula GP Belgium will be a Superleague Formula round  held on July 17, 2011, at Circuit Zolder, Heusden-Zolder, Belgium. It will be the fourth year in a row that Superleague Formula visits the Zolder circuit, making it the only circuit to feature on the calendar every year until 2011. It will be the second round, or 'Grand Prix', of the 2011 Superleague Formula season.


2011 Zolder Superleague Formula round
Fourteen cars took part in the previous round at Assen and fourteen will race in Zolder, although they are not all the same cars. Belgian entrant R.S.C. Anderlecht will take part.


2011 Zolder Superleague Formula round
Support races will include the Dutch Supercar Challenge, HTC Dutch GT4 / GT4 Europe, Formido Swift Cup and Formula Ford.


2011 Zucchetti Kos Tennis Cup
The 2011 Zucchetti Kos Tennis Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the eighth edition of the tournament which is part of the Tretorn SERIE+ of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Cordenons, Italy between 15 and 21 August 2011.


2011 Zucchetti Kos Tennis Cup, ATP entrants, Other Entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:


2011 Zucchetti Kos Tennis Cup, Champions, Singles
Daniel Muñoz-de la Nava def. Nicolás Pastor 6–4, 2–6, 6–2


2011 Zucchetti Kos Tennis Cup, Champions, Doubles
Julian Knowle /  Michael Kohlmann def. Colin Ebelthite /  Adam Feeney, 2–6, 7–5, [10–5]


2011 Zucchetti Kos Tennis Cup – Doubles
Robin Haase and Rogier Wassen were the defending champions, but Haase decided not to participate. Wassen played alongside Jesse Huta Galung. They were eliminated already in the first round.


2011 Zucchetti Kos Tennis Cup – Doubles
Julian Knowle and Michael Kohlmann won the title, defeating Colin Ebelthite and Adam Feeney 2–6, 7–5, [10–5] in the final.


2011 Zucchetti Kos Tennis Cup – Singles
Steve Darcis was the defending champion but decided not to participate.


2011 Zucchetti Kos Tennis Cup – Singles
Daniel Muñoz-de la Nava won this tournament, beating Nicolás Pastor 6–4, 2–6, 6–2 in the final.


2011 Zuiderduin Masters
The 2011 Zuiderduin Masters was a British Darts Organisation darts tournament that took place in Egmond aan Zee, Netherlands. It was the 13th staging of the event, and the last tournament to be staged that year. Scott Waites was in blistering form as he won the tournament for the first time, beating Martin Adams to get to the final in a sudden-death leg with a 105.12 average. Darryl Fitton was his opponent in the final, and missed two match darts for a 5–3 victory and his second Zuiderduin Masters win. Waites missed the double 18 for a nine-dart finish on his way to completing the comeback. It was a very high scoring match, with Waites hitting 16 180s and Fitton hitting 15.


2011 Zuiderduin Masters, Qualifying
The players in bold are the seeded players for the group stages. The players in italics qualified through more than one method.


2011 Zuiderduin Masters, Results, Men's tournament, Group Stage
All matches best of 9 legs. Two points are gained for every match won. P = Played; W = Won; L = Lost; LF = Legs For; LA = Legs Against; +/− = Leg Difference; Pts = Points


2011 Zuiderduin Masters, Results, Men's tournament, Group Stage
Joey ten Berge 81.18 5–3 Willy van de Wiel 78.90


2011 Zuiderduin Masters, Results, Women's Tournament, Group Stage
All matches best of 7 legs. Two points are gained for every match won. P = Played; W = Won; L = Lost; LF = Legs For; LA = Legs Against; +/− = Leg Difference; Pts = Points


2011 Zumpango earthquake
The 2011 Zumpango earthquake occurred at 19:47 local time on 10 December with a moment magnitude of 6.5 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (Very strong). Its epicenter was located in the city Zumpango, Guerrero, roughly equidistant between the metropolitan areas of Mexico City and Acapulco. The quake was felt in Guerrero, Michoacán, Mexico State, Mexico City and Puebla.


2011 Zumpango earthquake
Multiple deaths and injuries resulted from the earthquake, although the effects were minimized because the hypocenter was relatively deep at 65 kilometers (40 mi). The resulting damage was minimal, but during the panic people evacuated buildings in Mexico City.


2011 Zumpango earthquake, Impact
In Mexico City, a little more than 100 miles (160 km) from the epicenter, high rise buildings swayed for more than one minute as a result of the seism. Damage was reported as light though a secondary toll highway between Acapulco and Mexico City was blocked in several places due to landslides. The shaking was also responsible for knocking out power to around 82,000 people, and disrupting cell phone service in the capital. In Acapulco, 87 miles (140 km) from the epicenter, no injuries or damage were reported. It was reported by Mexico City's mayor, Marcelo Ebrard, that normal operations were continuing at Mexico City International Airport.


2011 Zumpango earthquake, Casualties
Several injuries and one death was reported after rocks were dislodged from a hill and tumbled onto the Autopista del Sol (Highway of the Sun) and into a truck. The other deaths were reported as one person killed during the collapse of a house's roof in Iguala, and another was listed in Ixcateopan de Cuauhtémoc with unknown circumstances.


2011 Zumpango earthquake, Aftermath
An early report from the United States Geological Survey had the magnitude at 6.7 but it was later lowered to 6.5. According to the Secretariat of the Interior there were four aftershocks within the first 45 minutes of the main shock. Also stated was that since this was a moderate event a large number of aftershocks were not expected. Seven of the aftershocks were close to the epicenter and two more were in the state of Chiapas.


2011 Zumpango earthquake, Aftermath
Although the event occurred in the coastal state of Guerrero, no tsunami warning was given for the earthquake. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration stated that based on the location, magnitude, and historical tsunami records, no advisory or warning would be necessary for the west coast of the United States, British Columbia, or Alaska.


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot
On 11 October 2011, United States officials alleged there was a plot tied to the Iranian government to assassinate Saudi ambassador Adel al-Jubeir in the United States. The plot was referred to as the "Iran assassination plot" or the "Iran terror plot" in the media, while the Federal Bureau of Investigation named the case "Operation Red Coalition". Iranian nationals Manssor Arbabsiar and Gholam Shakuri were charged on 11 October 2011 in federal court in New York with plotting to assassinate Al-Jubeir.


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot
According to U.S. officials, the two planned to kill Al-Jubeir at a restaurant with a bomb and subsequently bomb the Saudi embassy and the Israeli embassy in Washington, D.C. Bombings in Buenos Aires were also discussed. Arbabsiar was arrested on 29 September 2011 at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York while Shakuri remained at large. On 24 October 2011, Arbabsiar pleaded not guilty. In May 2013, after pleading guilty, Arbabsiar was sentenced to 25-years imprisonment.


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot
It is debated whether the Iranian government condoned or facilitated the plot; some experts suggested that the planners may be rogue elements within the Iranian secret service.


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Assassination plot, Charges announced
On 11 October 2011, the U.S. Attorney General and the Director of the FBI announced two individuals have been charged in federal court for their participation in a plot allegedly directed by elements of the Iranian government to murder the Saudi Ambassador to the United States with explosives while the Ambassador was in the United States. "The criminal complaint unsealed today exposes a deadly plot directed by factions of the Iranian government to assassinate a foreign Ambassador on U.S. soil with explosives," said Attorney General Eric Holder.


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Assassination plot, Charges announced
"Though it reads like the pages of a Hollywood script, the impact would have been very real and many lives would have been lost," FBI Director Robert Mueller said. The criminal complaint charged Manssor Arbabsiar, a 56-year-old naturalized U.S. citizen holding both Iranian and U.S. passports, and Gholam Shakuri, a commander in Iran's Quds Force, the special-operations unit of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Assassination plot, Charges announced
The U.S. Government alleged that the Quds Force "conducts sensitive covert operations abroad, including terrorist attacks, assassinations and kidnappings, and is believed to sponsor attacks against Coalition Forces in Iraq." In October 2007, the U.S. Treasury Department had designated the Quds Force as providing material support to the Taliban and other terrorist organizations. The defendants were charged with conspiracy to murder a foreign official, conspiracy to engage in foreign travel and use of interstate and foreign commerce facilities in the commission of murder-for-hire, conspiracy to use a weapon of mass destruction, and conspiracy to commit an act of international terrorism transcending national boundaries.


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Assassination plot, Plot
The details of the plot were established in later court proceedings. According to these events, Arbabsiar met with Shakuri from the spring of 2011 to October 2011 to plot the murder of the Saudi Ambassador, and met with a Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) source in Mexico who posed as an associate of an international drug trafficking cartel. According to the complaint, Arbabsiar arranged to hire the source to murder the Ambassador using explosives, and Shakuri and other Iran-based co-conspirators were aware of and approved the plan.


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Assassination plot, Plot
With Shakuri's approval, Arbabsiar caused $100,000 to be wired into a bank account in the United States as a down payment for the killing. In June and July 2011, the complaint stated, Arbabsiar returned to Mexico and held additional meetings with the DEA source, where Arbabsiar explained that his associates in Iran had discussed a number of further missions they wanted the source and his associates to perform, including the murder of the Ambassador.


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Assassination plot, Plot
During a 14 July 2011 meeting in Mexico, the source and Arbabsiar agreed that four men would be used to orchestrate the Ambassador's killing and that the total price would be $1.5 million for the murder. Arbabsiar also assured the source that $100,000 would be forthcoming from Iran as a further payment towards the assassination and discussed the manner in which that payment would be made. During the meeting, Arbabsiar described having a cousin in Iran who was a "big general" in the military, and had requested that Arbabsiar find someone to carry out the Ambassador's assassination.


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Assassination plot, Plot
In a 17 July 2011 meeting in Mexico, the source told Arbabsiar that one of his workers had traveled to Washington, D.C. and had observed the Ambassador. They discussed bombing a restaurant in the United States that the Ambassador frequented. The source told Arbabsiar there might be innocent civilian casualties, to which Arbabsiar replied "They want that guy done, if a hundred go with him, f**k 'em", and that such concerns were "no big deal". On 1 August 2011 and 9 August 2011, with Shakuri's approval, Arbabsiar caused two overseas wire transfers totaling approximately $100,000 to be sent as a down payment for carrying out the assassination.


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Assassination plot, Arrest and confession
On 20 September 2011, the source told Arbabsiar that the operation was ready and requested that Arbabsiar either pay one half of the agreed upon price of $1.5 million or that Arbabsiar personally travel to Mexico as collateral for the final payment. According to the complaint, Arbabsiar agreed to travel to Mexico, and did so on 28 September 2011. He was refused entry by Mexican authorities and flown to John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York where he was promptly arrested by U.S. federal agents and subsequently confessed to the plot.


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Assassination plot, Arrest and confession
According to the complaint, Arbabsiar told agents that he was "recruited, funded and directed by men he understood to be senior officials in Iran's Quds Force," including his cousin who he had "long understood to be a senior member of the Quds Force." Arbabsiar claimed he had met several times in Iran with Shakuri and another senior Quds Force official where they discussed blowing up a restaurant in the United States frequented by the Ambassador and that numerous bystanders could be killed.


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Assassination plot, Arrest and confession
In early October 2011, according to the complaint, Arbabsiar made phone calls at the direction of law enforcement agents to Shakuri in Iran that were secretly monitored.


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Assassination plot, Arrest and confession
During these phone calls, Shakuri confirmed that Arbabsiar should move forward with the plot to murder the Ambassador and that he should accomplish the task as quickly as possible, stating on 5 October 2011, "just do it quickly, it's late..." Investigations by the FBI disclosed that money had been wired from a Quds Force bank account, and that Arbabsiar correctly identified a known Quds Force officer from a photo array shown to him in custody.


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Assassination plot, Arrest and confession, Conviction
On 24 October 2011, Arbabsiar at first pleaded not guilty, but later changed his plea to guilty. On 30 May 2013, he was sentenced to 25 years in prison.


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Assassination plot, Arrest and confession, Conviction
Manssor Arbabsiar, register number 65807-054, is now currently serving his sentence at Marion USP with a projected release date of 28 July 2033.


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Assassination plot, Alleged responsibility
U.S. officials said that it was "more than likely" that Iran's Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and the head of the Quds Force, Major General Qassem Suleimani, knew of the plot, but acknowledged this was based on analysis rather than hard evidence. They speculated it was inconceivable that in Iran's hierarchy Khamenei or Suleimani would not be aware of such an action, stating "it would be our assessment that this kind of operation would have been discussed at the highest levels of the regime." The officials acknowledged that the plot was far "outside the pattern" of the Quds Force past activity.


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Assassination plot, Alleged responsibility
Other commentators speculated that the men may have been acting as rogue elements in the Iranian government rather than the actual government itself. A senior U.S. law enforcement official who would speak only on the condition of anonymity stated, "It's so outside their normal track of activity. It's a rogue plan or they're using very different tactics. We just don't know." The government of Iran vehemently denied the accusations and Iran's United Nations representative called the confession "suspicious claims by an individual," and said his claims were fabricated. While the U.S. Department of Justice said Shakuri was still at large, Iran claimed Shakuri belonged to an Iranian exile opposition group aiming to overthrow the Iranian Government.


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Skepticism
At the same time, a number of prominent Iran experts have questioned the Iranian government's link to the plot. Suzanne Maloney, senior fellow at The Saban Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution, said much of what was known of the plot did "not fit the usual patterns of Iran's involvement with terrorist activities. It seems quite credible to me that it could be rogue elements, but I don't know to what degree the Iranian military tolerates such dissent."


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Skepticism
Alireza Nader, an Iran analyst at the Rand Corporation, found it "difficult" to believe that Khamenei or Suleimani would order such an attack that "would put all of Iran's objectives and strategies at risk". If an Iranian agent was responsible for planning the assassination attempt, it parallels event in 1998, when the murder of prominent Iranian nationalists and writers was organised by three rogue Iranian secret service operatives, part of the Quds Forces


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Skepticism
Kenneth Katzman, a Middle East analyst at the Congressional Research Service, said, "There is simply no precedent – or even reasonable rationale – for Iran working any plot, no matter where located, through a non-Muslim proxy such as Mexican drug gangs.... The Iranian modus operandi is only to trust sensitive plots to their own employees, or to trusted proxies such as Hezbollah, Saudi Hezbollah, Hamas, the Sadr faction in Iraq, Iran-friendly extremist Muslims in Afghanistan and other pro-Iranian Muslim groups."


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Skepticism
However, US officials argued that Iran may have needed to use "a far riskier proxy" because "it has far fewer agents in the United States". In 2013, Dexter Filkins described the attack as one of at least thirty directed by Iran's Quds force "in places as far flung as Thailand, New Delhi, Lagos, and Nairobi". Filkins noted that "The Quds Force appears to be more effective close to home, and a number of the remote plans have gone awry."


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Skepticism, Mental status
Dr. Michael B. First, editor of the DSM-IV-TR, and Dr. Joel Morgan, of the APA Council, testified that Manssor Arbabsiar suffers from bipolar disorder. They said he has manic episodes in which he is not well in touch with reality, and that he has difficulty "comprehending the circumstances surrounding a particular decision or appreciating the consequences of that decision. Individuals with bipolar disorder who are in a manic state frequently display feelings of invincibility and grandiosity. These feelings may cause them to enter into agreements that they would not otherwise enter into." They also said he has "impaired cognitive functioning."


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Skepticism, Mental status
A former partner said that Arbabsiar was known for being disorganized – for losing keys, forgetting to pay his bills, and getting important details wrong. "If they wanted 007, I think they got Mr. Bean," he stated.


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Aftermath, Act of war
Several senior U.S. politicians, both Democrat and Republican, said the alleged plot could constitute an act of war by Iran. Senator Carl Levin, a Democrat who serves as chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee says the plot may be an act of war against the United States. Republican Representative Michael McCaul shared his view. Republican Senator Mark Kirk called the plot an "act of war" and called on the Obama administration to consider sanctioning the Central Bank of Iran in response.


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Aftermath, Act of war
However, Judge Andrew Napolitano stated that the plot, even if it had been sanctioned by members of the Iranian government, and though an affront to the United States, is legally not an act of war, but rather a criminal act, because there was no violence actually committed, and the matter has been taken to federal court.


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Aftermath, Act of war
Congressional counter-terrorism advisor Michael S. Smith II of Kronos Advisory, LLC, who presented Congress a report on the Quds Force in April 2011, commented "If the rapidly expanding presence in our neighborhood of militant Islamist groups which accept directives from Iran's Quds Force special operations unit remains unchecked, the recent plot will most likely come to resemble a tip of the iceberg in terms of what could unfold within America's borders."


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Aftermath, Act of war
U.S. Congressman Jeff Duncan (R, SC), introduced a House resolution urging the Obama administration to more closely examine terrorist threats in the Western Hemisphere emanating from Iran. The resolution calls for the Obama administration to: "Include the Western Hemisphere in the Administration’s 2012 National Strategy for Counterterrorism’s 'Area of Focus,’ which was absent in the 2011 edition." It also calls on the Department of Homeland Security, along with other agencies, "to examine Iran’s presence, activity, and relationships in the Western Hemisphere, including the U.S." The resolution was co-sponsored by Democratic Congressman Brian Higgins of New York. On 31 January 2012, Director of National Intelligence, James R. Clapper, testified that Iran was prepared for a series of attacks on the United States, citing the assassination plot as a reflection of willingness for the country's terrorist efforts.


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Aftermath, Act of war
In 2019, former Defense Secretary James Mattis, in his book Call Sign Chaos: Learning To Lead wrote that "Attorney General Eric Holder said the bombing plot was 'directed and approved by elements of the Iranian government and, specifically, senior members of the Qods Force.' The Qods were the Special Operations Force of the Revolutionary Guards, reporting to the top of the Iranian government". He criticized the Obama Administration for its handling of the terrorist plot, stating that "We treated an act of war as a law enforcement violation, jailing the low-level courier".


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Aftermath, Sanctions
On 12 October 2011, President Obama imposed new sanctions on Iran and the White House said more actions would be taken. Three weeks after US officials accused Iran of an assassination plot to be carried out on US soil, the House Foreign Affairs Committee voted to expand sanctions against Iran. The far-ranging bill includes targeting Iran's central bank.


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Aftermath, Sanctions
Such action against Iran's central bank – which serves as a clearinghouse for nearly all oil and gas payments in Iran – will make it more difficult for Iran to sell crude oil, its chief source of cash, by blocking companies doing business with it from also working with US financial institutions. Some Iranian officials have likened such a step to an act of war.


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Aftermath, Sanctions
The House Foreign Affairs Committee has also passed the Iran Threat Reduction Act which makes it illegal for U.S. diplomats to engage their Iranian counterparts, strips the President's authority to license the repair of Iran's aging civilian aircraft to prevent civilian deaths, and imposes indiscriminate sanctions that could increase gas prices and hurt the Iranian civil society.


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Aftermath, Reactions, United States
US President Barack Obama stated: "Even if at the highest levels there was not detailed operational knowledge, there has to be accountability with respect to anybody in the Iranian government engaging in this kind of activity." Vice President Joe Biden said that Iran would be held accountable for the plot and described it as "an outrage that violates one of the fundamental premises upon which nations deal with one another and that is the sanctity and safety of their diplomats". Secretary of State Hillary Clinton called the incident a "flagrant violation of international and United States law".


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Aftermath, Reactions, Iran
Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad denied the accusations, calling them a "fabrication". Mohammad Khazaee, the Ambassador of Iran to the United Nations, stated that he was "shocked to hear such a big lie" and that the version of events presented by the United States was an "insult to the common sense". Khazaee wrote in a letter to Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon that Iran "strongly and categorically rejects these fabricated and baseless allegations, based on the suspicious claims by an individual."


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Aftermath, Reactions, Iran
Ali Larijani, chairman of the Iranian parliament, said that the claims asserted by the United States were a "childish game". A spokesman for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs told the Iranian Students News Agency that "Iran strongly denies the untrue and baseless allegations". Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of Iran, described the allegations as "meaningless and absurd".


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Aftermath, Reactions, Saudi Arabia
Turki bin Faisal Al Saud, a former Ambassador of Saudi Arabia to the United States, stated that Iranian involvement in the plot was "overwhelming" and that "somebody in Iran will have to pay the price". Saudi Arabia and Iran have long competed for power and dominance in the Middle East, and some Saudi officials commented that the alleged assassination plot would represent an escalation in the confrontation between the two.


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Aftermath, Reactions, International
In France, a spokesman for the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs released a statement saying: "For France, this is an extremely serious affair, an outrageous violation of international law, and its perpetrators and backers must be held accountable."


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Aftermath, Reactions, International
A statement released from the office of British Prime Minister David Cameron stated: "Indications that this plot was directed by elements of the Iranian regime are shocking. We will support measures to hold Iran accountable for its actions."


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Aftermath, Reactions, International
The Dutch minister of foreign affairs, Uri Rosenthal, has stated that he is "very, very, very, really exceptionally worried" about the alleged Iranian involvement in a plotted terrorist attack on civilians in the United States.


2011 alleged Iran assassination plot, Aftermath, Reactions, International
On 18 November 2011, the United Nations General Assembly passed a Saudi-drafted resolution called "Terrorist Attacks on Internationally Protected Persons". It received 106 votes in favor to 9 against with 41 abstentions. Armenia, Bolivia, Cuba, Ecuador, Iran, North Korea, Nicaragua, Venezuela and Zambia voted against the resolution while countries including China, India, Russia, Switzerland and Singapore abstained and expressed concerns regarding the resolution, saying that further investigation was required, proper evidence was needed and the plot needed to be investigated under what they called judicial standards. The Saudi delegate to the United Nations thanked the delegates on supporting the resolution, saying it shows a positive contribution to the fight against terrorism.


2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran
The 2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran was a mob action on 29 November 2011 by a crowd of Iranian protesters who stormed the embassy and another British diplomatic compound in Tehran, Iran, ransacking offices and stealing documents. One small building was set on fire during the incident and several people were injured. The Iranian government publicly condemned the violence.


2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran, Background
The British government had imposed numerous sanctions on Iran regarding concerns over the nature of Iran's nuclear program. Following the release of a November 2011 International Atomic Energy Agency report that documented weaponisation elements of Iran's nuclear activities, the British government banned all financial institutions in the United Kingdom doing business with their counterparts in Iran, including Iran's central bank. Iran responded by approving a bill to downgrade its ties with the United Kingdom, including a requirement for both countries to withdraw their respective ambassadors.


2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran, Incursion
About 1,000 people gathered near the embassy to demand that the British ambassador be sent home immediately. The rally began quietly, but some participants stormed the building, breaking down the door, throwing around papers and replacing the British flag with an Iranian one. The Iranian security forces initially did not intervene as protesters entered the British Embassy. Protesters removed the mission's flag and ransacked offices. The protesters chanted, "Death to America", "Death to England" and "Death to Israel", among other slogans.


2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran, Incursion
According to the British Ambassador to Iran Dominick Chilcott, protesters rampaged through the embassy building, destroying paintings and furniture, spraying graffiti, smashing windows and starting fires. Seven embassy staff were seized by protesters but were eventually escorted out by police. The protesters also stole mobile phones and computers.


2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran, Incursion
British Prime Minister David Cameron described the incursion as "outrageous and indefensible" and demanded that Iran immediately ensure the safety of all British Embassy personnel. Foreign Secretary William Hague said the "irresponsible action" had put the safety of diplomats and their families at risk and caused extensive damage to embassy property. Protesters also targeted Gholhak Garden, a British diplomatic compound in northern Tehran whose ownership has been a source of contention between Iranian and UK officials, pulling down a portrait of the Queen and burning an embassy vehicle, as well as British, US and Israeli flags. Iran expressed regret over the attacks and police arrested 12 protesters.


2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran, Incursion, Perpetrators
Iranian state media agencies and certain international news sources described the protests as a reaction of students against Britain's anti-Iran policies. The demonstrators themselves issued an official statement, declaring, "Our actions are a spontaneous reaction of revolutionary students and were not ordered by any state organ."


2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran, Incursion, Perpetrators
In a statement to the House of Commons on 30 November, Foreign Secretary William Hague said: "Iran is a country where Opposition leaders are under house arrest, more than 500 people have been executed so far this year and where genuine protest is ruthlessly stamped on. The idea that the Iranian authorities could not have protected our Embassy or that this assault could have taken place without some degree of regime consent is fanciful".


2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran, Incursion, Perpetrators
Some analysts, media sources and Iranian opposition groups asserted that the attack was orchestrated by the Iranian authorities, hence the strong British reaction. Al Jazeera's correspondent in Tehran, Dorsa Jabbari, reported that the Iranian police and various ministries had prior knowledge of the protest, which was organised by the student arm of the Basij.


2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran, Incursion, Perpetrators
Police reportedly "stood back and let the protesters make their way into the compound". In the words of The Economist, "This was the centre of the capital city . . . If the police had wanted to stop this, they could have flooded the compound with officers and rescued the British. The police, and whoever was pulling the strings behind the attack, chose not to intervene for a long while".


2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran, Incursion, Perpetrators
Jabbari stated, "Any such action of this scale can never be independent in the Islamic Republic". Dominick Chilcott told the BBC, Iran is a country in which such action is only taken "with the acquiescence and the support of the state".


2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran, Effect on international schools
The École Française de Téhéran (Tehran's French school) is located on property of the British embassy and had its classes in session as the embassy attack occurred. Several windows at the German Embassy School Tehran (DBST), near the British embassy, were destroyed. The French school, the German school, and the British School of Tehran (BST) closed indefinitely. The school board of trustees of the BST voted to have the school permanently disestablished, with the end date being 31 December 2011. The DBST acquired the assets of the BST and established an international section in the former BST buildings.


2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran, Reactions, Within Iran
Iran's Foreign Ministry expressed regret over the attack, calling it "unacceptable" and said that it happened "despite the efforts made by the Iranian Law Enforcement Police and reinforcement of the embassy guards". Iranian police arrested 12 protesters in connection with the attack.


2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran, Reactions, Within Iran
Two Iranian opposition student groups, Tahkim Vahdat and Advar Tahkim, issued statements criticising the attack. Tahkim Vahdat said that those behind it were "not true representative of Iranian students, they were affiliated with the authorities in power".


2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran, Reactions, Within Iran
Iran's Deputy Police Chief Brigadier General Ahmad Reza Radan announced that police have started investigations into the details of the protests, in which angry self-driven protesters raided and occupied the British embassy and its garden in Northern Tehran.


2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran, Reactions, Within Iran
Iranian MP Parviz Sorouri, a senior member of the Majlis National Security and Foreign Policy Committee, said that "the British government's hasty decision to close down the Iranian Embassy in London has created a new situation for both sides. But the Iranian government will do its utmost to stand up for the rights of Iranian citizens living in Britain through the establishment of an interests section in London".


2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran, Reactions, Within Iran
Subsequently, the Sultanate of Oman agreed to act as a protecting power, representing the interests of Iran through its embassy in London.


2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran, Reactions, Within the United Kingdom
Following the incident, the Foreign and Commonwealth Office issued a statement saying that "we are outraged by this. It is utterly unacceptable and we condemn it". Later that evening David Cameron described the Iranian Government's failure to protect the embassy as a "disgrace". On 30 November 2011, during a speech to the House of Commons, Foreign Secretary William Hague announced that the Iranian Ambassador to the Court of St. James's, his ambassadorial staff and other Iranian diplomats had 48 hours to leave the United Kingdom.


2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran, Reactions, Within the United Kingdom
The foreign secretary also announced that he had closed the British Embassy, and its staff and dependants had left Tehran. This brought the United Kingdom's relations with Iran to their lowest level, and both the Foreign Secretary and Prime Minister had warned of far more "serious consequences" towards Iran, for its failure to uphold its international obligations in line with the Vienna Convention.


2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran, Reactions, Within the United Kingdom
Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg told the BBC's Sarah Rainsford that the UK's relationship with Iran had "taken a very serious knock" but that "It doesn't mean we're cutting off all diplomatic relations with Iran. It doesn't mean we are in any way lessening our determination to try to find a diplomatic solution to the nuclear question, which is immensely important to Europe and the whole world, and we will continue to work tirelessly to find a negotiated solution".


2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran, Reactions, Within the United Kingdom
In November 2013, Iran and the UK agreed to end the protecting power arrangements of Sweden and Oman and appointed non-resident charge d'affaires to conduct bilateral relations between London and Tehran. In June 2014, the UK announced that it intended to reopen its embassy in Tehran once practical arrangements had been completed and predicted that Iran would reopen its embassy in London.


2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran, Reactions, United Nations
The United Nations Security Council condemned the attacks "in the strongest terms".


2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran, Reactions, United States
United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton described the attacks as an "affront" to the international community. US Vice-President Joe Biden said he had no evidence the attack on the British embassy in Tehran was orchestrated by Iranian authorities, but it was another example of why the country was a "pariah".


2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran, Reactions, EU member states
France, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands recalled their ambassadors to discuss the diplomatic matter, with Austria stating they are considering a similar decision.


2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran, Reactions, EU member states
While not recalling its own ambassador, Sweden summoned the Iranian Ambassador to the Swedish Foreign Ministry. Germany offered to act as a protecting power for the United Kingdom's diplomatic duties in Iran; Sweden took on those diplomatic duties as of July 2012. Hungary declined to recall its Ambassador to Iran following a meeting of EU Foreign Ministers on 1 December, saying it would cripple normal day-to-day operations due to its limited staff. However the Hungarian government joined its European allies in condemning the incident.


2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran, Reactions, Russia and China
Russia condemned the attack, stating that the actions were "unacceptable and deserve condemnation". China did not criticise Iran by name but stated that "the relevant action runs counter to international law and basic norms of international relations and should be handled appropriately."


2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran, Reactions, Canada
On 7 September 2012, Canada closed its embassy in Iran and declared all remaining Iranian diplomats in Canada persona non grata, ordering them to leave the country within five days.


2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran, Reopening of the Embassy
In August 2015, nearly four years after the closure of the British Embassy in Tehran, and only weeks after reaching a nuclear deal with Iran, it was announced by Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif in a joint press conference with British Foreign Secretary Philip Hammond at the Foreign Ministry in Tehran that the embassy will be reopened as soon as possible. The new round of relations between the two nations are on the account of the JCPOA and in anticipation of strategic relations in the course of coming years. However, a number of Iranian students and people protested against the reopening of the British embassy on Sunday morning in the presence of Foreign Secretary Phillip Hammond according to Fars News Agency.


2011 attack on the Israeli Embassy in Egypt
On 9 September 2011, several thousand protesters forcibly entered the Israeli embassy in Giza, Greater Cairo, after breaking down a recently constructed wall built to protect the compound. The protesters later broke into a police station and stole weapons, resulting in police using tear gas in an attempt to protect themselves. The demonstrators eventually broke through the security wall and entered the offices of the embassy. Six members of the embassy staff, who had been in a "safe room", were evacuated from the site by Egyptian commandos, following the personal intervention of United States President Barack Obama.


2011 attack on the Israeli Embassy in Egypt
Following the attack, the Israeli deputy ambassador remained in Cairo; 85 staff members and their families returned to Israel. The Egyptian army declared a state of alert.


2011 attack on the Israeli Embassy in Egypt, Background
During 2011, relations between Israel and Egypt deteriorated after the resignation of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, reaching their lowest point since peace was established between the nations by the 1979 Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty. The Israeli-Egyptian border became a region of conflict and instability due to increased militant activity in Egypt's Sinai Peninsula, and anti-Israeli sentiment was expressed in protests by masses of Egyptians in the streets of Giza.


2011 attack on the Israeli Embassy in Egypt, Background
On 18 August 2011, a squad of militants crossed the border from the Sinai Peninsula into southern Israel, killing eight Israelis. The ensuing Israeli counter-terrorist operations in close proximity to the border resulted in the deaths of "at least three" Egyptian soldiers. The soldiers' deaths by Israeli fire ignited protests at the Israeli Embassy in Giza. During a demonstration on 20 August 2011, an Egyptian protester climbed 20 feet up the building's facade to remove the Israeli flag.


2011 attack on the Israeli Embassy in Egypt, Background
The Egyptian Supreme Council of the Armed Forces considered recalling the Egyptian ambassador in Tel Aviv. Eventually, Israel publicly apologized for the deaths of the Egyptian soldiers. Egypt stated that Israel's apology was "insufficient."


2011 attack on the Israeli Embassy in Egypt, The attack
On 9 September 2011, hundreds of Egyptian protesters began gathering outside of the Israeli embassy. Around 6:30 p.m. local time, they began to assault a concrete security perimeter wall with hammers and a battering ram. Egyptian authorities had erected the wall following intense protests in August.


2011 attack on the Israeli Embassy in Egypt, The attack, Building infiltration
At 12:30 a.m. Saturday morning, several thousand protesters breached the security wall. By 1:00 a.m. they had entered the lobby and proceeded through the rest of the building. The demonstrators ransacked the embassy, located on the 20th and 21st floors of the building, and threw items including documents, some marked "confidential", from the windows of the building to the crowded street below. The documents were quickly scanned and publicly commented on. Israel later revealed that the remaining Israeli security staff had been separated from the rioters only by the steel door of a safe room in which they had taken refuge.


2011 attack on the Israeli Embassy in Egypt, The attack, Building infiltration
In Jerusalem, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and various other senior Israeli officials watched the events unfold from a direct feed from the surveillance cameras installed in the embassy.


2011 attack on the Israeli Embassy in Egypt, The attack, Building infiltration
Israeli Foreign Ministry spokesman Yigal Palmor estimated that about 3,000 protesters were involved in destroying the security wall. An Israeli diplomat condemned the attack as a "serious violation" of diplomatic behavior.


2011 attack on the Israeli Embassy in Egypt, The attack, Building infiltration
Immediately after the protesters had infiltrated the embassy, United States Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta received a call from Israeli Minister of Defense Ehud Barak asking for help. The United States assisted in assuring the protection of the Israeli embassy personnel. Prime Minister Netanyahu later emphasized that he "would like to thank the US President Barack Obama for his help" in securing the lives of the Israeli embassy staff.


2011 attack on the Israeli Embassy in Egypt, The attack, Rescue of embassy staff and end of the riots
Six Israeli security staff who were on the premises hid inside a reinforced safe room. Egyptian commando forces entered the embassy building and rescued the six Israeli guards. All other embassy staff and their family members were escorted to Cairo International Airport. At 2:40 a.m., the Israeli ambassador and approximately 85 other Israeli diplomats and their family members arrived at the airport and were flown out of Egypt. Only the deputy Israeli ambassador remained in Egypt, staying at the United States embassy. A senior Egyptian security official stated that the Egyptian commandos had been sent to the embassy after Israeli Ambassador Itzhak Levanon spoke on the phone with an anonymous member of Egypt's ruling military council, and asked him to arrange the safe evacuation of the embassy staff.


2011 attack on the Israeli Embassy in Egypt, The attack, Rescue of embassy staff and end of the riots
The demonstration and ransacking of the embassy building continued into the early morning hours as the protesters burned tires and set several police cars on fire. The Egyptian police eventually suppressed the riots and dispersed the thousands of rioters by using tear gas and firing warning shots into the air.


2011 attack on the Israeli Embassy in Egypt, The attack, Rescue of embassy staff and end of the riots
Prime Minister Netanyahu and former Mossad director Efraim Halevy praised the actions of American president Obama in helping with the evacuation.


2011 attack on the Israeli Embassy in Egypt, Aftermath
Following the attack on the embassy, the Egyptian army heightened the state of alert in the country and reinstated martial law, otherwise known as State of Emergency, on a temporary basis.


2011 attack on the Israeli Embassy in Egypt, Aftermath
On the morning of Saturday, 10 September, Egypt's ruling military council rejected resignation requests that had been submitted by Egyptian Prime Minister Essam Sharaf and several Egyptian ministers. Their request was made because of the failure to handle the disturbances.


2011 attack on the Israeli Embassy in Egypt, Aftermath
One day after the attacks on the embassy, a group of reporters were attacked by a crowd of people still lingering near the scene of the riots. A reporter and producer were knocked to the ground and trampled, but managed to get to a vehicle in which they retreated, with protesters throwing stones at them. They were able to flee the area without sustaining any major injuries.


2011 attack on the Israeli Embassy in Egypt, Aftermath, Arrests
In August 2012, an Egyptian court convicted 76 Egyptians who were linked to the attack on the Israeli embassy. 75 of those convicted received suspended one-year sentences, and one Egyptian, Omar Afifi who had fled abroad, who was tried in absentia was given a five-year prison term. Eight charges were listed by the court, including "an assault against diplomatic missions" and "sabotage".


2011 cash for influence scandal
In 2011, the European Commission’s Anti-fraud Office (OLAF) opened a formal investigation for corruption against four Members of European Parliament (MEPs)—Romanian Adrian Severin, Austrian Ernst Strasser, Spaniard Pablo Zalba Bidegain (who was cleared of wrongdoing as he had not accepted payment), and Slovenian Zoran Thaler—after an article in The Sunday Times claimed that they had tried to influence EU legislation in exchange for money. The Sunday Times journalists went undercover and approached 60 MEPs, posing as lobbyists and requesting votes to table or support certain amendments in exchange for money.


2011 cash for influence scandal, Indictments
Strasser and Thaler resigned in March 2011; Strasser was sentenced to four years in jail on 14 January 2013. OLAF dismissed the case against Thaler, claiming that it had been unable to find "evidence to support suspicion of wrongdoing" (though it did blame the European Parliament for "refus[ing] to provide the necessary support during the investigation"). However, in January 2014 Slovenia's own judicial system found Thaler guilty and sentenced him to two and a half years in prison.


2011 cash for influence scandal, Indictments
Claiming innocence, Adrian Severin has refused to step down and continues to work as an MEP, even after he was expelled by the Socialists & Democrats (S&D) group of the European Parliament. He was indicted by Romania's anti-corruption agency in September 2013 and in February 2016, he was convicted to three and half years in prison  in court, although the judgement was appealed. On 16 November 2016, a final sentence was handed down and his sentence was increased to 4 years imprisonment. He still has the support of the Social Democratic Party, his political party in Romania.


2011 clashes in Ebonyi State
2011 clashes in Ebonyi State of Nigeria took place between the Ezza and Ezilo peoples due to a land dispute. At least 50 people were killed. Riot police was deployed to the area.


2011 clashes in Ebonyi State
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2011 cloudburst in Denmark
On 2 July 2011, a cloudburst hit parts of Zealand and the Greater Copenhagen area of Denmark. This resulted in the greatest recorded rainfall in 24 hours in the past 55 years. It caused an estimated DKK 6 billion in damage, notably including structural failures at the 17th-century fortress, Kastellet.


2011 cloudburst in Denmark, Cloudburst
The Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI) forecast a cloudburst on 2 July 2011 but did not expect the strength of the cloudburst that formed. Rainfall in the Greater Copenhagen area was measured at 135.4 mm (5.33 in) on 2 July. This was the greatest recorded rainfall in 24 hours in the past 55 years. The previous record was 111.7 mm (4.40 in) measured in Ordrup, a suburb in the north of Copenhagen, on 1 August 1959.


2011 cloudburst in Denmark, Cloudburst
The cloudburst started in Hellerup at c. 19:00 and traveled in a south-westerly trajectory for approximately two hours, before dissipating north of Køge.


2011 cloudburst in Denmark, Cloudburst
In Zealand, more than 5,000 lightning strikes were recorded in three hours.


2011 cloudburst in Denmark, Cloudburst
Jørn Thomsen, a meteorologist for the DMI, described the cloudburst as the strongest ever measured in Copenhagen.


2011 cloudburst in Denmark, Consequences, Health
The trauma center at Rigshospitalet had to be moved to Herlev Hospital after mud and water penetrated the facility and damaged equipment. At Hvidovre Hospital patients in the emergency department were sent home and management discussed whether to evacuate the entire hospital, including 450 bed-bound patients.


2011 cloudburst in Denmark, Consequences, Health
A 2012 study of 257 workers who participated in the clean-up of the flood found that 22 per cent (56) became ill afterward.


2011 cloudburst in Denmark, Consequences, Health
A 62-year-old man died on 19 July after contracting the rare disease leptospirosis. Danish medical research institute Statens Serum Institut stated that the infection probably occurred through contact with sewage water whilst cleaning a flooded basement after the cloudburst. Another case of leptospirosis was identified.


2011 cloudburst in Denmark, Consequences, Health
The World Health Organization's European headquarters were closed after parts of the offices were flooded.


2011 cloudburst in Denmark, Consequences, Economy
The City of Copenhagen Parks and Nature Department estimated that the cloudburst caused DKK 6 billion ($1.04 billion) worth of damage.


2011 cloudburst in Denmark, Consequences, Economy
The incident resulted in 90,644 insurance claims, with the value of the claims totaling DKK 4.88 billion.


2011 cloudburst in Denmark, Consequences, Buildings and structures
The historic fortress Kastellet was badly damaged by floods following the cloudburst. In several places, the ramparts collapsed and several floors were destroyed.


2011 cloudburst in Denmark, Consequences, Transport
The Helsingør motorway was blocked in both directions from Kildegårdsvej to Hans Knudsens Plads on 2 July. The Danish Emergency Management Agency (DEMA) pumped the water overnight on 3 July and the road was reopened on the morning of 4 July.


2011 cloudburst in Denmark, Consequences, Transport
Despite its location in underground tunnels, the Copenhagen Metro did not experience any operational problems, except that the elevators stopped working.


2011 cloudburst in Denmark, Reforms
In May 2012, Copenhagen joined the United Nations Making Cities Resilient campaign.


2011 crackdown on Vietnamese youth activists
Between July 2011 and December 2011 a series of young Christian Vietnamese activists, primarily located in northern province of Nghệ An, Vietnam, and working with the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, were arrested by the Vietnamese government for protesting for land rights and circulating a petition to free prominent legal rights activist Cu Huy Ha Vu, a prominent human rights defender who was imprisoned for seven years in April 2011.


2011 crackdown on Vietnamese youth activists
Four of them, Dau Van Duong, Tran Huu Duc, Chu Manh Son, and Hoang Phong have already been tried, allegedly for distributing pro-democracy leaflets and sentenced under Article 88 for two to three years in jail. 14 other activist were sentenced to 3–15 years in prison on a two-day trial on January 8–9, 2013.


2011 crackdown on Vietnamese youth activists, Activists
During the original wave in July and August 2011, 17 original activists have been arrested.


2011 crackdown on Vietnamese youth activists, Arrest
Reporters Without Borders reported on the arrest of the Catholic blogger Paulus Le Son and the major police operation targeting around 10 Catholics in August 2011. Paulus Le Son was arrested at his home on August 3, 2011 around 11:30am. Police blocked the road as he returned home on his motorcycle, deliberately causing him to fall. Four police officers then lifted him by his hands and feet and tossed him into a police car.


2011 crackdown on Vietnamese youth activists, Arrest
Dang Xuan Dieu, 32, and Ho Duc Hoa, 37 were detained on July 30 at Tan Son Nhat airport in Ho Chi Minh City.


2011 crackdown on Vietnamese youth activists, Arrest
The activists' families have tried to visit the activists in prisons multiple times, but were denied visits.


2011 crackdown on Vietnamese youth activists, 2012 Trials for Article 88
On May 24, 2012, a trial was held for Dau Van Duong, Tran Huu Duc, Chu Manh Son, and Hoang Phong who were arrested under Article 88 of Vietnam's Penal Code, "conducting propaganda against the Socialist Republic of Vietnam". The four from Nghệ An were arrested for distributing leaflets.


2011 crackdown on Vietnamese youth activists, 2012 Trials for Article 88
They were convicted of propaganda against the state and sentenced by the People's Court of Nghệ An in Vietnam to two to three and a half years of imprisonment. The four were denied access to legal counsel until just before the trial. Of the four, one was arrested in December 2011, while the other three had been awaiting trial since their arrests in August 2011. Only after protesting outside were families and supporters of the four were allowed into the courtroom.


2011 crackdown on Vietnamese youth activists, 2012 Trials for Article 88
On 24 September 2012, Ta Phong Tan and two other bloggers Nguyen Van Hai and Phan Thanh Hai were convicted by the People's Court of Ho Chi Minh City. In the same year, another trial was held for Tran Vu Anh Binh and Viet Khang, another dissident musician on 30 October.


2011 crackdown on Vietnamese youth activists, 2013 Trial for Article 79
On January 8 and 9, 2013, a trial was held by the People's Court of Nghệ An Province for 14 of democracy activists, including Dang Ngoc Minh, Dang Xuan Dieu, Ho Duc Hoa, Ho Van Oanh, Paulus Le Son, Nguyen Dang Minh Man, Nguyen Dang Vinh Phuc, Nguyen Dinh Cuong, Nguyen Van Duyet, Nguyen Van Oai, Nguyen Xuan Oanh, Nong Hung Anh, Thai Van Dung, and Tran Minh Nhat.


2011 crackdown on Vietnamese youth activists, 2013 Trial for Article 79
They were accused of maintaining ties with Viet Tan, a US-based pro-democracy organization to establish democracy and reform Vietnam through peaceful and political means. The verdict was announced by Judge Tran Ngoc: All of them were sentenced to 3–13 years in prison on charges violating Clause 1 of Article 79 of the Vietnamese criminal code for organizing "to attempt to overthrow the government". At the trial, Paulus Le Son was the only one not to have acknowledged any wrongdoings.


2011 crackdown on Vietnamese youth activists, 2013 Trial for Article 79
During the trial, a large number of police were deployed around the court, with police detaining a number of other bloggers who attempted to attend the trial.


2011 crackdown on Vietnamese youth activists, International response
Shortly after the arrest wave, Human Rights Watch released a press statement on September 30, 2011 calling for the immediate release of Dang Xuan Dieu, Ho Duc Hoa, Nguyen Van Duyet, Nong Hung Anh and Paulus Le Van Son and a dismissal of their "charges".


2011 crackdown on Vietnamese youth activists, International response
The Committee to Protect Journalists, CPJ, is alarmed by the arrest and recent crackdown on freedom of express in Vietnam and calls on the government to immediately release all of the journalists detained in the country.


2011 crackdown on Vietnamese youth activists, International response
On October 3, 2011, Bob Bietz, CPJ's Asia program director stated, "With these arrests, Vietnam now ranks among the worst jailers of journalists in the world. The crackdown under way underscores the Communist Party government's enduring fear of an independent press scrutinizing its record, policies, and personalities. The national security-related charges used to imprison these journalists are bogus across the board."


2011 crackdown on Vietnamese youth activists, International response
On December 13, 2011, Congresswoman Susan Davis, representing the California 53rd District and a member of the Vietnam Caucus in Congress spoke on the Congress floor on behalf of blogger Paulus Le Son and 14 other arrested Vietnamese youth activists. The Congresswomen stated, "I call on my colleagues to stand side-by-side with these brave individuals and raise their voice in demanding that the Government of Vietnam release all prisoners of conscience and uphold their commitment to human rights for all."


2011 crackdown on Vietnamese youth activists, International response
On March 12, 2012, Media Legal Defence Initiative and eight other NGOs issued a joint letter to the Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung calling for the immediate release of bloggers Dang Xuan Dieu, Ho Duc Hoa, Nguyen Van Duyet, Nong Hung Anh and Paulus Le Son. The letter states, "There are no grounds for such charges against any of the five. Mr. Dieu is an engineer and community organizer. Mr. Hoa is also a community organizer, Mr. Duyet is the President of the Association of Catholic Workers of Vinh, and Mr. Anh is a student at Hanoi University. Mr. Son is a blogger. All are active contributors to prominent citizen journalist sites, including Vietnam Redemptorist News (VRNs)."


2011 crackdown on Vietnamese youth activists, International response
On May 22, 2012, Human Rights Watch issued a second press release calling the immediate release of the four Catholic activists accused of Article 88. "It's absolutely shameful that the Vietnam government is putting these Catholic activists on trial, and may send them to prison for years for nothing more than expressing their views and distributing leaflets", said Phil Robertson, deputy Asia director at Human Rights Watch.


2011 crackdown on Vietnamese youth activists, International response
Following the 2013 trial, Brad Adams, Asia director of Human Rights Watch, condemned the arrest and calls for the "convictions to be squashed immediately". He states "The conviction of yet more peaceful activists is another example of a government that is increasingly afraid of the opinions of its own people. Instead of imprisoning critics, the Vietnamese government should be honoring them for their efforts to address the myriad problems facing the country that the government itself has also identified."


2011 crackdown on Vietnamese youth activists, International response
Phil Robertson, the deputy director of the Asia division of Human Rights Watch also followed up with "this was the largest group to be brought to trial together in recent times."


2011 crackdown on Vietnamese youth activists, International response
Other human rights organizations have called this the "largest subversion to be brought in years" in Vietnam


2011 crackdown on dissidents in China
The 2011 crackdown on dissidents in China refers to the arrest of dozens of mainland Chinese rights lawyers, activists and grassroots agitators in a response to the 2011 Chinese pro-democracy protests. Since the protests, at least 54 Chinese activists have been arrested or detained by authorities in the biggest crackdown on dissent since the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. Since the start of the protests in mid-February 2011, human rights groups have claimed that more than 54 people have been arrested by authorities, some of whom have been charged with crimes. Among those arrested are bloggers who criticise the government such as Ai Weiwei, lawyers who pursue cases against the government, and human rights activists.


2011 crackdown on dissidents in China, Arrests
At least 54 leading activists have been arrested or detained by authorities including:


2011 crackdown on dissidents in China, Arrests
Renee Xia, the international director of Chinese Human Rights Defenders, commented on 26 February 2011: "The numbers point to a bad situation that is only getting worse. In the matter of a few days, we have seen more cases of prominent lawyers subjected to prolonged disappearances, more criminal charges that may carry lengthy prison sentences for activists, more home raids, and a heavier reliance on extralegal measures. ";In addition, according to Phelim Kine of the Human Right Watch, three people, Lan Ruoyu, Tan Yanhua, and Zhang Haibo, are believed to be still missing by September 2011. A total of about 17 people from the above list remain in detention, prison, or re-education through labor. An unknown number of people remain held in house detention.


2011 dengue outbreak in Pakistan
Dengue fever is an important infectious disease in Pakistan with increasingly frequent epidemics. Despite the efforts of the Government of Pakistan, especially in Punjab, the high cost of prevention has limited the ability of Pakistan to control epidemics. In Pakistan, in the summer of 2011, more than 300 people died of Dengue fever. The prevalence of the disease was over 14,000. The outbreaks occurred mostly in the Lahore area, Punjab, Pakistan.


2011 dengue outbreak in Pakistan, 2011 epidemic, Morbidity and mortality
In November 2010, more than 21,204 people were diagnosed with dengue fever. Those infected were mainly from Punjab, Pakistan. Patients were admitted to dedicated wards in government hospitals. The severity of the epidemic was greatest in Lahore.


2011 dengue outbreak in Pakistan, 2011 epidemic, Morbidity and mortality
The secretary of the Punjab Mineral Development Corporation, Ataullah Siddiqui and Ghiasuddin, a member of the Punjab Public Service Commission died as a result of the dengue fever. On 30 September 2011, the Punjab MPA Mumtaz Jajja also died of dengue fever. Eight Chinese engineers were taken ill.


2011 dengue outbreak in Pakistan, 2011 epidemic, Government response
A special tribunal for Dengue fever was empanelled. The chairman of the Dengue Emergency Response Committee was Khawaja Saad Rafique. The Government of Pakistan and the provincial Government of Punjab (Pakistan) took preventive measures to reduce the spread of the disease. A hotline called the "Punjab Health Line Project For Dengue" was opened to facilitate knowledge of the signs and symptoms of dengue fever, provide help people affected and identify areas where the epidemic may have spread. Teams of workers fumigated areas, particularly educational institutions and rural areas where the Aedes mosquito was present.


2011 dengue outbreak in Pakistan, 2011 epidemic, Government response
In early September 2011, the Government of Punjab (Pakistan) ordered the schools, colleges and universities in Punjab, Pakistan to close for 10 days for intensive fogging to eliminate the vector mosquitoes. Article 144 was implemented in Lahore city for the prevention of dengue fever. After an appeal by the Government of Punjab (Pakistan), private hospitals agreed to provide free treatment to dengue patients. During dengue fever epidemics, the Pakistan army created camps in Lahore city. The Pakistan Air Force has also assisted the government. The Punjab government worked to increase public awareness. Local authorities in Hyderabad held a seminar. Other programs were held in educational facilities. A 24-hour government sponsored online service, the "Punjab Health Line Project For Dengue" provided information about the disease and its prevention.


2011 dengue outbreak in Pakistan, 2011 epidemic, International response
In 2011, the Government of Sri Lanka gave medicines and staff to Punjab. A group of 12 doctors from Sri Lanka came to Lahore to assist. The Indonesian government dispatched a medical team of twenty to assist the Pakistani authorities. The World Health Organization provided technical guidance along with support for provincial and territorial dengue monitoring and coordination committees.


2011 e-Boks Sony Ericsson Open
The 2011 e-Boks Sony Ericsson Open was the second edition of the tennis tournament e-Boks Danish Open, an international-level tournament on the 2011 WTA Tour. It was the second edition of the tournament. It took place on indoor hard courts in Farum, Denmark between 6 and 12 June 2011.


2011 e-Boks Sony Ericsson Open, WTA entrants, Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:


2011 e-Boks Sony Ericsson Open, Champions, Doubles
Johanna Larsson /  Jasmin Wöhr def. Kristina Mladenovic /  Katarzyna Piter, 6–3, 6–3


2011 e-Boks Sony Ericsson Open – Doubles
Julia Görges and Anna-Lena Grönefeld were the defending champions, but decided not to compete. Johanna Larsson and Jasmin Wöhr won the tournament, defeating Kristina Mladenovic and Katarzyna Piter in the final 6–3, 6–3.


2011 e-Boks Sony Ericsson Open – Singles
World No. 1 Caroline Wozniacki was the defending champion and successfully defended the title beating Lucie Šafářová in the final, 6–1, 6–4.


2011 e-Boks Sony Ericsson Open – Singles Qualifying
This article displays the qualifying draw of the 2011 e-Boks Sony Ericsson Open.


2011 elections in India
Legislative Assembly elections took place in April and May 2011  to elect legislatures in the Indian states of Assam, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and Puducherry.


2011 end times prediction
American Christian radio host Harold Camping stated that the rapture and Judgment Day would take place on May 21, 2011, and that the end of the world would take place five months later on October 21, 2011.


2011 end times prediction
Camping, who was then president of the Family Radio Christian network, claimed the Bible as his source and said May 21 would be the date of the rapture and the day of judgment "beyond the shadow of a doubt". Camping suggested that it would occur at 6 p.m. local time, with the rapture sweeping the globe time zone by time zone, while some of his supporters claimed that around 200 million people (approximately 3% of the world's population) would be 'raptured'. Camping had previously claimed that the rapture would occur in September 1994.


2011 end times prediction
The vast majority of Christian groups, including most Protestant and Catholic believers, did not accept Camping's predictions; some explicitly rejected them, citing Bible passages including the words of Jesus stating "about that day or hour no one knows" (Matthew 24:36). An interview with a group of church leaders noted that all of them had scheduled church services as usual for Sunday, May 22.


2011 end times prediction
Following the failure of the prediction, media attention shifted to the response from Camping and his followers. On May 23, Camping stated that May 21 had been a "spiritual" day of judgment, and that the physical rapture would occur on October 21, 2011, simultaneously with the destruction of the universe by God. However, on October 16, Camping admitted to an interviewer that he did not know when the end would come, and made no public comment after October 21 passed without his predicted apocalypse.


2011 end times prediction
In March 2012, Camping "humbly acknowledged" in a letter to Family Radio listeners that he had been mistaken, that the attempt to predict a date was "sinful", and that critics had been right in pointing to the scriptural text "of that day and hour knoweth no man". He added that he was searching the Bible "even more fervently [...] not to find dates, but to be more faithful in our understanding."


2011 end times prediction, Rationale
Camping presented several arguments labeled "numerological" by the mainstream media, which he considered biblical proofs, in favor of the May 21 end time. A civil engineer by training, Camping stated he had attempted to work out mathematically-based prophecies in the Bible for decades. In an interview with the San Francisco Chronicle he explained "... I was an engineer, I was very interested in the numbers. I'd wonder, 'Why did God put this number in, or that number in?' It was not a question of unbelief, it was a question of, 'There must be a reason for it.'"