2011 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Land Depression 01
On July 21 as the Madden–Julian oscillation entered its fifth phase, the Bay of Bengal became favourable for tropical cyclogenesis. As a result of this and an upper tropospheric cyclonic vortex, an area of low pressure developed on July 21, over the Gangetic West Bengal about 50 km (30 mi) to the southeast of Daltonganj. During the next day the IMD reported that the low-pressure area had intensified into a land depression, with peak 3-minute sustained windspeeds of 35 km/h (20 mph).


2011 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Land Depression 01
During that day, the depression moved towards the northwest under the influence of a monsoon trough before it weakened into a low-pressure area during July 23. Under the influence of the system, the Indian states of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh and Vidarbha saw widespread heavy rainfall, however, no economic damage was reported.


2011 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Depression BOB 03
Late on September 20, an area of low pressure developed approximately 200 nautical miles (370 km; 230 mi) south of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Under the influence of strong vertical wind shear and monsoonal activity in the Bay of Bengal, the system was unable to strengthen and the JTWC later reported that the system had dissipated. However, on September 22, the IMD started monitoring the system as a Depression and initiated bulletins on the system, designating it BOB 03. Late on that day, BOB 03 drifted northwest and made landfall over north Orissa close to Balasore. After moving further northwestwards, the depression remained practically stationary over Jharkhand. By the evening of September 23, IMD reported that the depression had weakened into a well-marked low-pressure area in their final bulletin for the system, as the storm dissipated to a remnant low.


2011 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Depression BOB 03
As the depression made landfall, heavy rains threatened to cause floods for the second time within two weeks in the Bramhani and Baitarani rivers. By the evening of September 22, 90 villages in Jajpur were displaced due to the sudden swelling of the Baitarani River. At least 38 people were killed in flood-related incidents across Orissa. The worst flooding took place in the districts of Jajpur and Bhadrak  where at least 18 people perished.


2011 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Deep Depression BOB 04
A low-pressure area over the Bay of Bengal intensified, and was upgraded to Depression BOB 04 on October 19, 2011. The depression intensified slightly and the IMD upgraded the storm into a Deep Depression the same day. Later on the same day, the JTWC upgraded the system into a Tropical Storm. The system moved inland and weakened into a depression. The weakening process took place gradually as the storm moved more inland and dissipated into a remnant low.


2011 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Deep Depression BOB 04
Along the border between Myanmar and Bangladesh, torrential rains produced devastating flash floods. In the Magway region, roughly 2,000 homes were washed away by a "mass of water" and more than 6,000 remained flooded for days. Initial estimates placed damage from the storm at $1.64 million. At least 215 people were confirmed to have been killed with many more missing. Officials in the hard-hit town of Pakokku believed that the death toll would exceed 300 as residents searched for missing relatives days after the floods. Similar to what took place in the wake of Cyclone Nargis in 2008, journalists were warned by the Government not to take pictures of the disaster. Overall, it is the deadliest tropical cyclone in the North Indian Ocean since Cyclone Aila in 2009.


2011 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Cyclonic Storm Keila
Under the influence of a low-level trough, a low-pressure area formed over the Arabian Sea in late October. The system organized and the IMD designated the system Depression "ARB 02". The depression moved toward the Middle East during the next few days and intensified into a Deep Depression on November 1. In the morning of November 2, IMD upgraded the deep depression into a cyclonic storm and assigned it the name Keila.


2011 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Cyclonic Storm Keila
Heavy rains from the storm in Oman were blamed on at least 14 deaths and 200 people are injured. High flood waters prompted the evacuation of hospitals in the capital city of Muscat. On November 3, JTWC downgraded the storm into a tropical depression. On the same day, JTWC issued their final advisories on this system. In the evening, IMD downgraded the storm into a deep depression. On November 4, IMD downgraded the depression into an area of low pressure, issuing its final advisory on the system.


2011 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Deep Depression ARB 03
On November 6, the IMD upgraded a low-pressure area into a Depression, designating it ARB 03. The system was forecasted to intensify into a deep depression and move towards the Gulf of Aden in the next 72 hours. On the same day a TCFA was issued by the JTWC. The IMD upgraded the storm into a deep depression on November 8, and forecasted that it would intensify into a cyclonic storm within the next 24 hours which was followed by an upgrade to a tropical storm by JTWC. Under the influence of unfavorable conditions and proximity to land, the system weakened and JTWC issued its final warning. Soon the IMD downgraded the storm into a depression. On November 10, the storm dissipated into a low-pressure area.


2011 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Deep Depression ARB 04
On November 26, at 11:30 am IST, the IMD upgraded a low-pressure area south of India near Cape Comorin into a depression, giving it the designation ARB 04. The same day, the JTWC upgraded the storm from a tropical depression to a Tropical Storm and named it 05A. Extensive damage and loss of life was reported in Sri Lanka, where the storm was linked with heavy rains which caused 19 deaths and damage to 5,700 homes. The IMD upgraded the storm  to a Deep Depression on November 28. Later on November 29 the IMD downgraded the storm into a depression. Following the downgrading of the storm by IMD, the JTWC on November 30 issued their final warning on 05A. The IMD reported on December 1 that the storm had weakened into a well-marked low-pressure area, and issued the final bulletin for the system.


2011 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Thane
On December 23, the JTWC reported that a tropical disturbance had developed within the monsoon trough about 1,545 km (960 mi) to the east of Medan in Indonesia. Convection surrounding the system had started to consolidate over a weak low level circulation centre, that was being fed by an enhanced westerly flow associated with the precursor system to Tropical Cyclone Benilde. Over the next couple of days the disturbance gradually developed further while moving towards the northwest, before the JTWC issued a TCFA on the system during December 25 before designating as Tropical Cyclone 06B later that day.


2011 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Thane
The IMD also reported during December 25, that the disturbance had organised sufficiently to be declared Depression BOB 05, while it was located about 1,000 km (620 mi) to the southeast of Chennai, India. During the next day, the IMD reported that the depression had intensified into a Deep Depression, before later that day reporting that it had intensified into Cyclonic Storm Thane. As it was named, Thane started to turn towards the west under the influence of a subtropical ridge of high pressure before its development slowed as strong outflow and marginally favourable sea surface temperatures fought with persistent easterly vertical wind shear.


2011 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Thane
Early on December 28, the JTWC reported that Thane had become the equivalent to a category one hurricane on the SSHS before later that day the IMD reported that Thane had become the first Very Severe Cyclonic Storm of the season. During December 28, Thane continued to intensify, and developed a small pinhole eye, before the JTWC reported that Thane had attained its peak intensity early on December 29 with 1-minute sustained wind speeds of 165 km/h (105 mph).


2011 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Thane
The IMD then followed suit and reported that the system had peaked as a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm with 3-minute sustained windspeeds of 140 km/h (85 mph). During the rest of that day, the system continued to move westwards and weakened slightly as it started to interact with land. Thane then made landfall as a very severe cyclonic storm early on December 30 on the north Tamil Nadu coast between Cuddalore and Pondicherry. After making landfall, Thane rapidly weaken into a depression before the JTWC issued their final advisory during December 30, while the IMD continued to monitor the remnants of Thane until the depression weakened into a well marked low-pressure area on December 31.


2011 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Thane
Overall, Thane was responsible for the deaths of 46 people with total damage to India, estimated at between 13 – 15 billion rupees (235 – 275 million USD).


2011 North Indian cold wave
North Indian Cold Wave (2011) is the cold snap affected across northern parts of India in the winter of 2011, killing more than 130 people. Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana were the northern states badly hit by the cooling of the air.


2011 North Korean local elections
Elections to provincial, municipal, city, county and district people's assemblies were held in North Korea on July 24, 2011.


2011 North Korean local elections
28,116 provincial, municipal, city, county and district people's assembly deputies were elected.


2011 North Korean local elections
Voter turnout was reported as 99.97%, with candidates receiving a 100% approval rate.


2011 North Lincolnshire Council election
The North Lincolnshire Council election took place on as part of English local elections on 5 May 2011, with all 43 members up for election. Defending a majority of one, the Labour Party lost control of the council to the Conservatives, who won with a majority of three seats in the only Conservative council gain from Labour in the country.


2011 North Lincolnshire Council election, Election result
The changes above is the difference from the previous full council election, although after a mid-term defection from the Liberal Democrats to the Conservatives, the Liberal Democrats were not defending any seats.


2011 North Lincolnshire Council election, Ward results, Ashby
Ashby elected three members, with Labour winning all three seats. John Collinson, Andrea Davison and Michael Grant were elected.


2011 North Lincolnshire Council election, Ward results, Axholme Central
Axholme Central elected two members, Conservative David Robinson and leader of the Conservative group Liz Redfern.


2011 North Lincolnshire Council election, Ward results, Axholme North
Axholme North elected two members, Conservative John Briggs and Labour candidate Trevor Barker.


2011 North Lincolnshire Council election, Ward results, Axholme South
Axholme South elected two members, Conservatives Ron Allcock and William Eckhardt.


2011 North Lincolnshire Council election, Ward results, Barton
The Barton ward elected three members, Conservatives Paul Vickers, Keith Vickers and Jonathan Evison.


2011 North Lincolnshire Council election, Ward results, Bottesford
Bottesford elected three members, Conservative candidate Jean Bromby and Labour candidates Stephen Swift and David Whiteley.


2011 North Lincolnshire Council election, Ward results, Brigg and Wolds
The Brigg and Wolds ward elected three members, Conservatives Carl Sherwood, Nigel Sherwood and Rob Waltham.


2011 North Lincolnshire Council election, Ward results, Broughton and Appleby
Broughton and Appleby elected two members, Conservatives Arthur Bunyan and Ivan Glover.


2011 North Lincolnshire Council election, Ward results, Brumby
Brumby elected three members, with Labour winning all three seats. Len Foster, Pauline Carlile and Sue Armitage were elected.


2011 North Lincolnshire Council election, Ward results, Burringham and Gunness
Burringham and Gunness elected just a single member, Labour candidate Dave Oldfield.


2011 North Lincolnshire Council election, Ward results, Burton upon Stather and Winterton
Burringham and Stather and Winterton elected three members, Conservative candidates Elaine Marper, Ralph Ogg and Helen Rowson.


2011 North Lincolnshire Council election, Ward results, Crosby and Park
The Crosby and Park ward elected three members, Labour candidates Jawaid Ishaq, Mark Kirk and Christine O'Sullivan.


2011 North Miami mayoral election
On May 10, 2011, the 2011 North Miami mayoral election took place. This election was officially nonpartisan, although all candidates were Democrats. Andre Pierre narrowly won reelection, defeating Carol F. Keys and Jacques Despinosse.


2011 North Norfolk District Council election
The 2011 North Norfolk District Council election to the North Norfolk District Council took place on Thursday 5 May 2011. The previous election was the 2007 North Norfolk District Council election


2011 North Norfolk District Council election
There were 48 seats up for election, all councillors from all wards. The results of the election produced a majority for the Conservatives who gained overall control of the council for the first time, replacing the Liberal Democrats.


2011 North Queensland Cowboys season
The 2011 North Queensland Cowboys season was the 17th season in the club's history. They competed in the National Rugby League's 2011 Telstra Premiership. They finished the regular season in 7th place and were knocked out in the first week of the finals by the eventual premiers, the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles.


2011 North Queensland Cowboys season, Season summary
After missing the finals the previous three seasons, finishing 15th in both 2008 and 2010, the Cowboys underwent a major overhaul of personnel for the 2011 season. Club legend Ty Williams retired and they parted ways with club favourites Luke O'Donnell, Carl Webb and Steve Southern. Their biggest signing for the 2011 season was Queensland and Australian representative centre Brent Tate. They also made key recruits in the signings of former Melbourne Storm and Queensland State of Origin representative Dallas Johnson, premiership winner Glenn Hall from the English Super League, re-signing a former Cowboy in Gavin Cooper and picking up younger, experienced first graders such as Antonio Winterstein.


2011 North Queensland Cowboys season, Season summary
The Cowboys' new signings had a positive impact on the NRL team, with the club spending the majority of the year in the top four before a late slide dropped them to seventh position and giving them their first finals appearance since 2007. In 2011, they were the most watched NRL club on pay television, and their Round 4 clash against the Parramatta Eels was the fourth most watched sports event in Fox Sport's history.


2011 North Queensland Cowboys season, Season summary
In the qualifying final, they led Manly 8–0 at half time before being overrun by the Sea Eagles who went on to claim the premiership.


2011 North Queensland Cowboys season, Representatives
The following players have played a representative match in 2011


2011 North Somerset Council election
The 2011 North Somerset Council election took place on 5 May 2011 to elect members of North Somerset Unitary Council in Somerset, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative Party stayed in overall control of the council.


2011 North Somerset Council election, Background
At the last election in 2007 the Conservatives gained control of the council with 46 seats. This was compared to 6 independents, 5 Liberal Democrats, 3 Labour and 1 Green Party councillors.


2011 North Somerset Council election, Background
In February 2011 Liberal Democrat councillor for Nailsea East Andy Cole said he would be standing in the election as an independent. Cole was one of a total of 182 candidates who stood in the election for the 61 seats on the council. These were 58 Conservatives, 53 Labour, 42 Liberal Democrats, 20 independents, 5 Green Party, 3 United Kingdom Independence Party and 1 from the All The South Party. The most candidates were in Weston-super-Mare West ward, where 12 people contested the seats.


2011 North Somerset Council election, Background
The Conservative administration of the previous 4 years was attacked over the cost moving the council offices to Castlewood in Clevedon and over the refurbishment of the town hall in Weston-super-Mare. However the Conservatives said they had been able to make savings and therefore not had to make as big cuts as other councils.


2011 North Somerset Council election, Election result
The results saw the Conservatives remain in control of the council after winning 42 of the 61 seats. Independents won 7 seats, the Liberal Democrats 6, Labour 5 and the Green Party 1 seat.


2011 North Somerset Council election, Election result
The Liberal Democrats took 2 seats from the Conservatives in Weston-super-Mare Central and 3 seats from them in Weston-super-Mare West, but lost 3 seats back to the Conservatives in Weston-super-Mare South Worle. Meanwhile, Labour also gained 2 seats from the Conservatives in Weston-super-Mare East. Long time councillor and independent Nan Kirsen lost her seat in Pill to another independent Don Davies, standing for the Sustainable Pill and District Party, by 17 votes, while Andy Cole won his seat in Nailsea East as an independent after leaving the Liberal Democrats.


2011 North Texas Mean Green football team
The 2011 North Texas Mean Green football team represented the University of North Texas in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Mean Green were led by first year head coach Dan McCarney and played home games at the new Apogee Stadium in Denton, Texas. They finished the season with five wins and seven losses and went 4-4 against conference opponents to finish in fifth place in the Sun Belt Conference.


2011 North Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council election
Elections to North Tyneside Metropolitan Council took place on 5 May 2011 on the same day as other council elections in England and the UK AV referendum.


2011 North Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council election
North Tyneside Council is elected "in thirds" which means one councillor from each three-member ward is elected each year with a fourth year when the mayoral election takes place.


2011 North Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council election
One third of the councillors were elected in 2007. The Labour party gained 6 seats, and lost none. giving them an overall majority of councillors. The Conservative party remain in control however as the mayor continues to be Linda Arkley. Arkley now has to seek the support of other parties to get her budget passed as the Conservatives lost 5 seats and the 20 seats required to pass such legislature. The Liberal Democrats also lost one seat for the second consecutive year. Labour won 14 seats in 2010 and 2011 combined, with the Conservative losing 12, switching the balance of power in the council chamber.


2011 North Warwickshire Borough Council election
Elections to North Warwickshire District Council were held on Thursday 5 May 2011.


2011 North Warwickshire Borough Council election
A total of 35 seats were up for election, all councillors from all wards. The previous election produced a majority for the Conservative Party.


2011 North Warwickshire Borough Council election, Election result
These elections saw Labour narrowly win with a majority of just one seat but losing the overall popular vote to the Conservatives. The number of close results in so many wards perhaps is the reason for this.


2011 North Warwickshire Borough Council election, Election result
The Conservatives lost four seats at these elections, in the following wards.


2011 North Warwickshire Borough Council election, Election result
The number of seats could have flipped the other way if the Conservatives managed to have won in Atherstone North, where both of the Conservative candidates received 522 votes, which was 32 votes behind taking the second seat in that ward, which bizarrely wasn't one of the four seats the Conservatives lost at these elections.


2011 North Warwickshire Borough Council election, Election result
Even more astonishingly, Atherstone North had never elected a Conservative councillor in the entirety of the borough council's existence, and would not do so until the following elections in 2015, which coincided with the North Warwickshire parliamentary constituency, which incorporates all of the North Warwickshire borough except for 2 wards (Arley & Whitacre and Hartshill), as well as five Nuneaton and Bedworth wards (Bede, Exhall, Heath, Poplar, and Slough) being held by the Conservatives with an increased majority at the general election on the same day.


2011 North West 200 Races
The 2011 Relentless International North West 200 was the 72nd running of the road racing event and took place on Saturday 21 May 2011 at the circuit, known as "The Triangle", based around the towns of Portstewart, Coleraine and Portrush, in Northern Ireland. As with 2010, the event featured daytime practice on the Thursday rather than during the evening. Traditionally only the main NW200 race has been run over six laps, however in 2011 all five events were to be six lap races. For the first time since 1989 there was no scheduled 125 cc event.


2011 North West 200 Races
There were significant delays due to a hoax bomb alert and then an extensive oil spill on the track together with bad weather caused racing to be cancelled after the completion of only one race.


2011 North West 200 Races, Results
The first race of the day was a switch from the Superbike's to the less powerful Supersport's due to wet conditions. The race was also reduced from six to five laps with two sighting laps. The race was won by Alastair Seeley after a last lap battle with Cameron Donald. The paddock was evacuated  after the race because of a bomb hoax. The second delayed race of the day was for the Superbike race. However, due to deteriorated conditions a number of riders, including the pole sitter Michael Rutter, decided not to take part. Seeley was leading Michael Dunlop when the race was stopped after one lap due to an oil split. The event was abandon at 17:20 BST.


2011 North West 200 Races, Results, Race Results, Race 1; 600cc Supersport Race final standings
Fastest Lap: Alastair Seeley – Suzuki, 4 minutes, 55.835 seconds  109.155 mph on lap 5


2011 North West Leicestershire District Council election
Elections to the North West Leicestershire District Council took place on 5 May 2011, in line with other local elections in the United Kingdom. A total of 38 councillors were elected from 20 wards as the whole council is up for election.


2011 North West Leicestershire District Council election
The Conservatives held control of the council after winning it in a landslide at the previous election. The Labour Party failed to retake control of the council but made significant gains at the expense of the Conservatives, who lost 6 councillors, the Liberal Democrats, who lost 2 councillors, the BNP, who lost both of their councillors, and one Independent.


2011 North West Leicestershire District Council election, Ward results
In wards that are represented by more than one councillor, electors were given more than one vote each, hence the voter turnout may not match the number of votes cast.


2011 Northampton Borough Council election
Elections to Northampton Borough Council were held on 5 May 2011. The whole council was up for election and the Liberal Democrats Lost overall control of the council to the Conservative Party. There was no General Election taking place at the same time.


2011 Northampton Borough Council election, Election result
There were significant changes to the borough council in 2011 compared to the 2007 Borough election so that it is not possible to record all gains and losses. There were 45 seats in 2011 compared to 47 in 2007 with many changes to individual seats.


2011 Northampton Borough Council election, Ward results
The number in brackets after the ward name is the number of councillors to be elected. An asterisk after the name (*) indicate the candidate was elected. Candidates are list in order of number of votes. ' Turnout' indicates the number of ballot papers issued followed by the percentage of registered voters voting. Votes could be cast for 1 up to 3 candidates in some cases, though voting for more than the specified number would disqualify the ballot paper. Several wards were changed in 2011 from those in 2007 - it is therefore not possible to indicate all gains and holds in some cases.


2011 Northeast Conference Baseball Tournament
The 2011 Northeast Conference Baseball Tournament began on May 20 and ended on May 22, 2011, at Senator Thomas J. Dodd Memorial Stadium in Norwich, Connecticut. The league's top four teams competed in the double elimination tournament. Second-seeded Sacred Heart won their second tournament championship and earned the Northeast Conference's automatic bid to the 2011 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament. The Pioneers were runners up in the previous two years


2011 Northeast Conference Baseball Tournament, Seeding and format
The top four finishers were seeded one through four based on conference regular-season winning percentage. Bryant was ineligible for postseason play, as it completed its transition to Division I.


2011 Northeast Conference Baseball Tournament, All-Tournament Team, Most Valuable Player
John Murphy was named Tournament Most Valuable Player. Murphy was a sophomore shortstop for Sacred Heart.


2011 Northeast Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
The 2011 Northeast Conference Men's Basketball Tournament took place March 3, 6, & 9, 2011 on campus sites. The semifinal games was televised on MSG Network, and the finals were on ESPN2. The winner, Long Island, received the NEC's automatic berth in the 2011 NCAA Tournament.


2011 Northeast Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Format
For the seventh straight year, the NEC Men's Basketball Tournament will consist of an eight-team playoff format with all games played at the home of the higher seed. After the quarterfinals, the teams will be reseeded so the highest remaining seed plays the lowest remaining seed in the semifinals. Bryant is in transition to D-I and remains ineligible for any post-season tournaments and thus not allowed to participate.


2011 Northeast Grand Prix
The 2011 American Le Mans Northeast Grand Prix was held at Lime Rock Park on July 9, 2011. It was the third round of the 2011 American Le Mans Series season.


2011 Northeast Grand Prix, Qualifying, Qualifying Result
Pole position winners in each class are marked in bold.


2011 Northeast Grand Prix, Race, Race result
Class winners in bold. Cars failing to complete 70% of their class winner's distance are marked as Not Classified (NC).


2011 Northern Arizona Lumberjacks football team
The 2011 Northern Arizona Lumberjacks football team represented Northern Arizona University in the 2011 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Lumberjacks were led by 14th-year head coach Jerome Souers and played their home games at the Walkup Skydome. They are a member of the Big Sky Conference. They finished the season 4–7, 3–5 in Big Sky play to finish in a tie for sixth place.


2011 Northern Colorado Bears football team
The 2011 Northern Colorado Bears football team represented the University of Northern Colorado in the 2011 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Bears were led by first-year head coach Earnest Collins Jr. and played their home games at Nottingham Field. They are a member of the Big Sky Conference. They finished the season 0–11, 0–8 in Big Sky place to finish in last place. It was the school's first winless season since 1920.


2011 Northern European Gymnastics Championships
The 2011 Northern European Gymnastics Championships was an artistic gymnastics competition held in the city of Uppsala. The event was held between 11 and 13 November.


2011 Northern Illinois Huskies football team
The 2011 Northern Illinois Huskies football team represented Northern Illinois University in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Huskies competed in the West Division of the Mid-American Conference. They were led by first year head coach Dave Doeren. They played their home games at Huskie Stadium. NIU finished the season 11–3, 7–1 in MAC play to win the West Division Title. The Huskies defeated Ohio in the MAC Championship game to win their first MAC Championship after two previous trips to the Championship game. The Huskies were invited to the GoDaddy.com Bowl where they defeated Arkansas State.


2011 Northern Illinois Huskies football team
The season marked the Huskies' fourth consecutive trip to a bowl game and their second consecutive win.


2011 Northern Iowa Panthers football team
The 2011 Northern Iowa Panthers football team represented the University of Northern Iowa in the 2011 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Panthers were coached by Mark Farley and played their home games at the UNI-Dome. They are members of the Missouri Valley Football Conference. They finished the season 10–3, 7–1 in MVFC play to share the conference championship with North Dakota State. They received an at-large bid into the FCS playoffs where they defeated Wofford in the second round before falling to Montana in the quarterfinals.


2011 Northern Iowa Panthers football team, Season
L. J. Fort was named MVFC defensive player of the year.


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election
The 2011 election to the Northern Ireland Assembly took place on Thursday, 5 May, following the dissolution of the Northern Ireland Assembly at midnight on 24 March 2011. It was the fourth election to take place since the devolved assembly was established in 1998.


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election
It was held on the same day as elections for Northern Ireland's 26 local councils, the Scottish Parliament and Welsh Assembly elections, a number of local elections in England and the United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum. As in the past, the 2011 election to the Assembly was conducted using the single transferable vote (STV) system of proportional representation. The 108 seats were contested in 18 constituencies by 218 candidates, including 15 independents and the nominees of 14 separate political parties.


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election
1,210,009 individuals were registered to vote in the 2011 Assembly election (representing an increase of 9.2% compared to the 2007 Assembly election). Turnout in the 2011 Assembly election was 55.7%, a decline of almost seven percentage points from the previous Assembly election and down over 14 percentage points from the first election to the Assembly in 1998.


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election
As in the 2007 election, the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) and Sinn Féin (SF) remained the two largest parties in the Assembly, with the DUP winning 38 and Sinn Féin winning 29 of the Assembly's 108 seats. The Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) won 16 seats, the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) 14 and the Alliance 8, while one seat each was won by the Green Party, Traditional Unionist Voice (TUV) and an independent candidate.


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election
Following the results of the election, Peter Robinson of the DUP and Martin McGuinness of Sinn Féin were nominated and subsequently re-elected as First Minister and deputy First Minister on 12 May 2011. The sole change to the Northern Ireland Executive was that the UUP lost a ministerial post to the Alliance.


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election, Overview
The election was the first since the devolution of policing and justice powers to the assembly. In contrast to previous elections, it was relatively uncontroversial. The turnout was one of the lowest ever in a Northern Ireland election. Sinn Féin and the Democratic Unionist Party both continued to make gains, although the DUP vote share was slightly down. The election was a disaster for the Ulster Unionist Party, which came behind the Social Democratic and Labour Party in terms of first preference vote, although the UUP won more seats. The Ulster Unionist vote collapsed in Belfast, where it was eclipsed by the Alliance Party's, and in a number of other constituencies considered safe such as North Down. The election was also poor for the SDLP, which lost two seats.


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election, Overview
The Alliance Party performed well, gaining a second seat in East Belfast (which a former Progressive Unionist Party member lost and the PUP failed to regain), while increasing the Alliance vote share significantly. Traditional Unionist Voice secured a single seat in North Antrim; its vote share was down from the May 2010 elections to the UK Parliament. Despite their first preference vote halving, the Green Party held their sole seat in North Down while the People before Profit Alliance narrowly failed to take the final seat in the Foyle constituency. The only member elected as an independent in 2007 (in West Tyrone) retired, leaving a single independent in the new Assembly (after three independents first elected on other tickets had retired or lost re-election), compared to five at the end of the previous one.


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election, Results
As in the previous Assembly, the DUP's voting strength was reduced by one with the re-election on 12 May of Willie Hay (DUP, Foyle) to the non-partisan office of Speaker.


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election, Results
Ten seats on the Northern Ireland Executive were filled by the new Assembly on 16 May according to party strength under the d'Hondt method of proportional representation.


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election, Results
In addition, in separate votes on 12 and 16 May, the Assembly as a whole re-elected party leaders David Ford (Alliance), Peter Robinson (DUP) and Martin McGuinness (Sinn Féin) to their seats on the Executive as, respectively, Minister of Justice and First Minister and deputy First Minister. Thus the Executive's total membership, as in the past, is 13.


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election, Results
The parties' share of first-preference votes cast on the same day (5 May 2011) for Northern Ireland's 26 local councils is given for comparison. Numbers as reported by Wednesday, 11 May 2011.


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election, Constituency results, Distribution of seats by constituency
Party affiliation of the six Assembly members returned by each constituency. The first column indicates the party of the Member of the House of Commons (MP) returned by the corresponding parliamentary constituency in the general election of 6 May 2010 (under the "first past the post" method).


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election, Constituency results, Distribution of seats by constituency
(The constituencies are arranged here in rough geographical order around Lough Neagh from Antrim to Londonderry. To see them in alphabetical order, click the small square icon after "Constituency"; to restore this geographical order, click the icon after "No." at the left.)


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election, Constituency results, Share of first-preference votes
Percentage of each constituency's first-preference votes. Four highest percentages in each constituency shaded; absolute majorities underlined. The constituencies are arranged in the geographic order described for the table above; click the icon next to "Constituency" to see them in alphabetical order.


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election, Constituency results, Share of first-preference votes, Votes cast for minor parties and independents
Out of the 22 candidates from the seven parties which won no seats in 2011, the four candidates who won more than 1,000 first-preference votes (and more than 4% of the total first preferences) in their respective constituencies were:


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election, Constituency results, Share of first-preference votes, Votes cast for minor parties and independents
Three-fifths, or 8,606 (60%), of the 14,338 first preferences cast for the seven minor parties went to these four candidates.


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election, Constituency results, Share of first-preference votes, Votes cast for minor parties and independents
Of the 15 independent candidates, running in 9 separate constituencies, the 8 who won more than 1,000 first-preference votes (and over 2.5% of the first-preference total) were:


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election, Constituency results, Share of first-preference votes, Votes cast for minor parties and independents
A majority (8,395 or 54%) of the 15,535 first-preference votes cast for independents went to the first four of these candidates, three of whom had been elected by other parties in 2007. David McClarty was the only successful independent candidate.


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election, Turnover in members since 2007
Thirty-one members of the previous Assembly during all of part of its term (2007-2011) did not offer themselves for re-election in May 2011. Another eight who did seek re-election were unsuccessful.


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election, Turnover in members since 2007, Members who left during the previous Assembly's term
Several of the 14 members who retired early from the Northern Ireland Assembly did so either after being elected or re-elected to the British House of Commons on 6 May 2010 (as MPs), or else in anticipation of being elected to the Dáil Éireann (lower house of the Irish parliament) on 25 February 2011 (as a TD). [ Three retired or retiring members are Privy Counsellors of the United Kingdom (PC).]


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election, Turnover in members since 2007, Changes in membership at the election
These are the 25 changes in membership that occurred between the third Assembly's dissolution in March 2011 and the fourth Assembly's election in May. Seventeen sitting members did not present themselves for re-election and another eight were defeated at the polls. One re-elected member had been elected with a different affiliation in 2007.


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election, Turnover in members since 2007, Changes in membership at the election
The numbers indicate the percentage of votes each member received in the first round of counting under the Single Transferable Vote in the 2011 election, and the round which decided his or her election or defeat.


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election, Turnover in members since 2007, Changes in membership at the election
In some constituencies (Foyle, West Tyrone and Fermanagh & South Tyrone), it is not possible to couple a single outgoing member by party with a single successor. The pairs of outgoing and incoming members in those seats are presented in arbitrary order.


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election, Turnover in members since 2007, Changes in membership at the election, Changes in membership without a change in party
Most of these changes occurred due to a member's retirement, although one defeated member of the SDLP, in Foyle, was succeeded by another member of the SDLP.


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election, Turnover in members since 2007, Changes in membership at the election, Seats changing hands between the parties
Note that the party changes in Lagan Valley, Strangford and East Antrim cancelled each other out.


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election, Turnover in members since 2007, Changes in membership at the election, Member returning with a different affiliation
David McClarty, originally elected from East Londonderry as an Ulster Unionist, although not re-nominated by the UUP in 2011, stood successfully for re-election as an independent. This reduced the UUP's strength from 2007, while keeping independent strength in the Assembly at one (as Kieran Deeny, the retiring independent member, was not succeeded in West Tyrone by another independent). McClarty decided not to re-join the UUP after his re-election.


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election, Speaker
The presiding officer of the Northern Ireland's Assembly (like those for Scotland and Wales, but unlike those for the United Kingdom or the Republic of Ireland) does not remain impartial during the election period. The sitting Speaker, in this instance William Hay (DUP, Foyle), must revert to his or her party colours and campaign for a seat on its manifesto. Once re-elected as an MLA (as Hay was), he or she becomes eligible for re-election as Speaker to resume unbiased authority over the Assembly.


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election, Speaker
The regional media reported that Sinn Féin's Francie Molloy, an outgoing Deputy Speaker, had hoped to win election as Speaker when the 2011 Assembly first met; in the event, following inter-party negotiations, Hay was re-elected and Molloy was nominated by his party for, and elected to, a newly created position of Principal Deputy Speaker with a presumed right of succession.


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election, Electoral administration, Eligibility and proof of identity
European Union (EU) and Commonwealth citizens aged 18 or over on election day were entitled to vote. The deadline for voters to register to vote in 5 May elections was midnight on 14 April 2011. All voters had to present one piece of photographic identification in order to cast a vote at the polling station: accepted forms of ID were an Electoral Identity Card, a photographic Northern Ireland or Great Britain driving licence, a European Union member state passport, a Translink 60+ SmartPass, a Translink Senior SmartPass, a Translink Blind Person's SmartPass or a Translink War Disabled SmartPass.


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election, Electoral administration, Eligibility and proof of identity
Voters who didn't have an accepted type of photographic ID had until 22 April 2011 to apply for an Electoral Identity Card from the Electoral Office. A judicial review brought by candidates in the simultaneous local government elections, challenging the non-acceptance of EU national identity cards as a proof of identity, failed on 4 May 2011.


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election, Electoral administration, Speed of counting of votes
In the days following the 2011 Assembly election concerns were raised by politicians and others about the time it took for ballots to be verified and counted. The first result came in at 7:00 p.m. on Friday 6 May, nine hours after counting began and 21 hours after polls closed. The announcement of the final results for some constituencies came two days after the polls closed.


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election, Electoral administration, Speed of counting of votes
In contrast, the first result for elections held in Scotland on the same day as the Assembly election came in at 12:54 a.m., just under three hours after counting began, and the final result came in at 5:21 p.m. on the same day (Friday 6 May). In response to the criticisms about the speed of counting, Northern Ireland's Chief Electoral Officer, Graham Shields, defended the process, saying that it was "about accuracy, not about speed", adding that "This is a complicated process and people have to accept that. We will take as long as it takes to get it right."


2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election, External links, Party web sites, manifestoes and election broadcasts
The party election broadcasts (PEBs) in this table are at the BBC News site. Almost every individual party web site below also shows a copy of or a link to at least one of the party's own election broadcasts.


2011 Northern Ireland Youth Soccer Tournament
The 2011 Northern Ireland Milk Cup is the twenty-ninth edition of the international football tournament which takes place annually in the north coast of Northern Ireland, and attracts competitors from across the globe. There are three sections to the tournament, the Elite Section (U19), the Premier Section (U17) and the Junior Section (U15). The defending champions are the USA, Etoile Lusitana and Chelsea respectively.


2011 Northern Ireland Youth Soccer Tournament
The Elite section has six teams in 2011, with each team playing two group matches on the Monday and Wednesday. The top two teams in the table after the group stage compete in the final on Friday evening, with the remaining teams playing off for final standings earlier that day.


2011 Northern Ireland Youth Soccer Tournament
The Junior and Premier sections are to be contested by 24 and 20 teams respectively this year. Each team plays once on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday as part of a single league, from which the top 4 teams qualify for the Milk Cup semi-finals. The remainder of the teams qualify for lower-level cups (namely the Milk Globe, Vase, Bowl and Plate) that run alongside the Milk Cup based on their final league position, with semi-finals on Thursday, and the finals and play-off matches on Friday. In 2011 for the second time the finals night will be held at the Ballymena Showgrounds, rather than the traditional venue of the Coleraine Showgrounds.


2011 Northern Ireland Youth Soccer Tournament
Clubs and national teams from anywhere in the world may compete on invitation, and five continents will be represented - Europe, North America, South America, Africa and Asia. The tournament is also continuing its tradition of allowing the host nation's youth to play against top opposition through six select teams from each county of Northern Ireland


2011 Northern Ireland Youth Soccer Tournament, Premier Section
Teams ranked 1–4 qualify for Milk Cup Semi-FinalsTeams ranked 5–8 qualify for NIMC Globe Semi-FinalsTeams ranked 9–12 qualify for NIMC Vase Semi-FinalsTeams ranked 13–16 qualify for NIMC Bowl Semi-FinalsTeams ranked 17–20 qualify for NIMC Plate Semi-Finals


2011 Northern Ireland local elections
Elections for local government were held in Northern Ireland on Thursday 5 May 2011, contesting 582 seats in all.


2011 Northern Ireland local elections
European Union and Commonwealth citizens aged 18 or over on election day were entitled to vote. The deadline for voters to register to vote in the elections was midnight on Thursday 14 April 2011. A total of 1,210,009 were eligible to vote, and 55.7% of the electorate turned out.


2011 Northern Ireland local elections
All voters were required to present one piece of photographic ID in order to cast a vote at the polling station – accepted forms of ID are an electoral identity card, a photographic NI or GB driving licence, a European Union member-state passport, a Translink 60+ SmartPass, a Translink Senior SmartPass, a Translink Blind Person's SmartPass or a Translink War Disabled SmartPass. Voters who didn't have an accepted type of photographic ID had until Friday 22 April 2011 to apply for an electoral identity card from the Electoral Office.


2011 Northern Ireland local elections
The elections were originally scheduled to take place in 2009. In 2008, Minister of the Environment Arlene Foster requested that they be postponed until 2011 to allow the implementation of a proposed reform of local government in Northern Ireland, which would have reduced the number of local councils from 26 to 11. In February 2009, an order was made, postponing the election, and councillors' terms of office were extended until the fourth day after the election day in 2011.


2011 Northern Ireland local elections
In June 2010, the proposed reforms were abandoned, and it was confirmed that the 2011 elections would be to the existing 26 councils. There was also an election to the Northern Ireland Assembly and a referendum on voting reform on the same day. The reforms have since been adopted and the 2014 Northern Ireland local elections were for the 11 new districts.


2011 Northern Ireland riots
The 2011 Northern Ireland riots were a series of riots between 20 June 2011 and 16 July 2011, starting originally in Belfast, before spreading to other parts of Northern Ireland. They were initiated by the Ulster Volunteer Force.


2011 Northern Ireland riots, June riots
The sectarian violence began around 21:00 BST on the night of Monday 20 June, when a large number of loyalists made their way from the unionist Mount and Castlereagh Street areas to the nationalist Short Strand enclave. This provoked a response from the nationalists. The Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) Assistant Chief Constable Alistair Finlay said that around 500–600 people were involved in the rioting. According to the PSNI, the riots are said to have been initially instigated by the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF).


2011 Northern Ireland riots, June riots
The clashes saw various dangerous objects such as petrol bombs, bricks, bottles, fireworks and smoke bombs thrown by both sides in what police described as "high-level, life-threatening, organised, serious and sustained" attack by people "hell-bent on disorder". At one point six shots were fired from the nationalist Short Strand area followed by about five shots from the loyalist Pitt Park. Two shots hit a police Land Rover in what the PSNI claimed was attempted murder of their officers. One officer suffered eye injuries when a laser pen was being used to blind officers.


2011 Northern Ireland riots, June riots
The riots in Short Strand were described by politicians as the worst violence in the area in a decade.


2011 Northern Ireland riots, June riots
On the Tuesday night, during further clashes between unionists and nationalists, about 700 people were involved. A photographer was shot in the leg by a gunman firing from the nationalist area, which police blamed on dissident republicans.


2011 Northern Ireland riots, June riots
By Wednesday 22 June, discussions were held between community representatives, politicians, and loyalist and nationalist figures. The result was for both sides to police their communities to avoid further violence. Later that night the area was largely peaceful despite unionist and nationalist groups – held back by community marshals – being involved for several hours in a stand-off at the Mountpottinger Road end of the Short Strand until around 01:30 on Thursday morning. Nationalist marshals intervened to stop nationalist youths attacking police Land Rovers.


2011 Northern Ireland riots, June riots
A 20-year-old woman was arrested on suspicion of possessing an offensive weapon and assaulting police, which was followed on the Wednesday by the arrest of a 22-year-old man from West Belfast about the rioting.


2011 Northern Ireland riots, July riots
A riot broke out on 1 July 2011 in Castlereagh Street and Albertbridge Road, where the police used water cannons again to stop rioting continuing into the night.


2011 Northern Ireland riots, July riots
On 9 July, loyalist rioters attacked the PSNI in Ballyclare after the PSNI removed Union and paramilitary flags from outside a Catholic church.


2011 Northern Ireland riots, July riots
Expected riots broke out on 11 July and nationalist rioters attacked the PSNI in the Oldpark and Broadway areas of Belfast. The Royal Victoria Hospital's new £9 million extensions was damaged. It is believed shots were fired.


2011 Northern Ireland riots, July riots
More expected rioting broke out the following day in nationalist areas of north and south Belfast following the annual Orange Order Twelfth of July parades. Trouble also broke out in Derry, where police claimed people as young as ten were involved. The PSNI were criticised for their handling of the riots.


2011 Northern Ireland riots, July riots
On 15 July, police in Portadown came under attack with a riot involving around 100 people. Immigrants were forced to flee Northern Ireland when their home came under attack by loyalists in a Catholic area. The next day, in Corcraine, Portadown, there was further unrest and rioting.


2011 Northern Kentucky River Monsters season
The 2011 Northern Kentucky River Monsters season was the first season for the Ultimate Indoor Football League (UIFL) franchise. Announced as startup team for the newly formed Ultimate Indoor Football League in 2010, the team was purchased by Jill Chitwood from the UIFL in February 2011. Just a week before the season began, team General Manager, Jared Lorenzen, relieved himself of his duties as general manager, and became the quarterback for the franchise. In the River Monsters first ever game they defeated the Canton Cougars by a score of 63–41.


2011 Northern Kentucky River Monsters season
With a Week 9 win over the Saginaw Sting, the River Monsters had clinched a postseason berth in their first season, clinching home field advantage throughout the playoffs. After wrapping up the season, the UIFL had discovered that the River Monsters had been paying their players over the league's salary cap. The UIFL stripped the River Monsters of the #1 seed and made them the #4 seed, taking away the River Monster's chance to earn playoff money. The River Monster now traveled to Saginaw, Michigan to play the Sting, where the Sting upset the River Monsters 48–47.


2011 Northern Kentucky River Monsters season
On June 6, 2011, it was announced that the UIFL and the River Monsters mutually agreed to part ways, leaving the team free to join another league. However, the UIFL had a lease agreement with the arena, which hampered the likelihood the River Monsters would play in Highland Heights in 2012. The team had been mentioned as a charter member Stadius Football Association, but that league never got off the ground.


2011 Northern Kentucky River Monsters season, Final roster
Rookies in italics updated March 29, 201124 Active, 0 Inactive, 0 PS


2011 Northern Mystics season
The 2011 Northern Mystics season was the fourth season that the Northern Mystics contested the ANZ Championship. The Mystics started the 2011 season on 14 February, being one of only four teams to play in the first round. Player signings for most teams, including the Mystics, were released on 16 August 2010. The Mystics retained most of their international players, and also gained seasoned internationals Anna Scarlett and Megan Dehn.


2011 Northern Mystics season
Debbie Fuller stepped into the role of head coach for the first time in 2011. The former Silver Fern joined the Mystics as a defensive coach in 2009, and became assistant coach the following year. Incumbent head coach Te Aroha Keenan retired after the 2010 season, with Fuller being promoted to head coach. 2010 player Jenny-May Coffin replaced Fuller as assistant coach. The Mystics were again captained by veteran midcourter Temepara George, who has led the side in every match since their inaugural season.


2011 Northern Mystics season
After twelve round-robin matches, the Northern Mystics finished in fourth place, qualifying for their first ever finals series. The Mystics travelled to Sydney to contest the minor semi-final against the New South Wales Swifts. After defeating the Swifts in Sydney, the Mystics travelled to Hamilton for the preliminary final against the Waikato Bay of Plenty Magic, whom they defeated in a close match. The Mystics travelled back across the Tasman Sea to Queensland, to contest their first Grand Final against the Queensland Firebirds. Despite a strong first half, the Mystics were defeated 57–44 by the Firebirds, finishing the 2011 season as runners-up.


2011 Northern Pride RLFC season
2011 was the fourth competitive season for the Cairns based Skill360 Northern Pride Rugby League Football Club. They competed in the QRL state competition, the Intrust Super Cup. 12 clubs competed, with each club playing 22 matches (11 home and 11 away) over 25 weeks.


2011 Northern Pride RLFC season
Between Round 14 of the 2010 season and Round 5 of the 2011 season, the Pride won 17 consecutive games, a Queensland Cup record. After a draw in Round 6 and a win in Round 7, the Pride were unbeaten after 19 matches. They finished the 2011 season in second place, but were eliminated after losing the semi-final 26–20 to Tweed Heads Seagulls at Dolphin Oval, Redcliffe.


2011 Northern Pride RLFC season, 2011 Northern Pride players, North Queensland Cowboys who played for the Northern Pride in 2011
Clint Amos and Will Tupou were switched from being allied to the Northern Pride to the Mackay Cutters after Round 6 as part of the North Queensland Cowboys feeder agreement.


2011 Northern Pride RLFC season, 2011 Televised Games
In 2011 games were televised by ABC TV and shown live across Queensland through the ABC1 channel at 2.00pm (AEST) on Saturday afternoons. The commentary team was Gerry Collins, Warren Boland and David Wright.


2011 Northwest Territories general election
The 2011 Northwest Territories general election was held on October 3, 2011. Nineteen members were returned to the 17th Legislative Assembly from single member districts conducted under first-past-the-post voting system.


2011 Northwest Territories general election
The territory operates on a consensus government system with no political parties; the premier is subsequently chosen by and from the Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs).


2011 Northwest Territories general election
Three incumbent MLAs faced no challengers and were acclaimed back into office in their districts. Five new MLAs were elected, although only one defeated an incumbent; all of the other four won in open seats where the incumbent MLA did not run for re-election.


2011 Northwest Territories general election, New Premier and cabinet
After the election the elected members of the Assembly will gather to choose the 12th Premier of the territories. Incumbent Premier Floyd Roland has chosen not to stand for re-election in his district. To date no Premier has served two full terms in the Northwest Territories since Frederick Haultain, who won his second term in 1902.


2011 Northwest Territories general election, New Premier and cabinet
After the members of the legislature have elected the new Premier, the MLAs elect the cabinet ministers from the remaining Assembly members and the Premier then assigns portfolios to the new ministers.


2011 Northwestern State Demons football team
The 2011 Northwestern State Demons football team represented Northwestern State University in the 2011 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Demons were led by third-year head coach Bradley Dale Peveto and played their home games at Harry Turpin Stadium. They are a member of the Southland Conference. They finished the season 5–6, 3–4 in Southland play to finish in fifth place


2011 Northwestern Wildcats football team
The 2011 Northwestern Wildcats football team represented Northwestern University during the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Pat Fitzgerald, in his sixth season at Northwestern, was the team's head coach. The Wildcats home games were played at Ryan Field in Evanston, Illinois. They are members of the Legends Division of the Big Ten Conference. They finished the season 6–7, 3–4 in Big Ten play to finish in fifth place in the Legends Division. They were invited to the Meineke Car Care Bowl of Texas where they were defeated by Texas A&M 22–33.


2011 Northwestern Wildcats football team, Previous season
In 2010 the Wildcats had a 7–6 record, ending the season with a 45–38 loss to Texas Tech in the 2011 TicketCity Bowl.


2011 Northwestern Wildcats football team, Preseason, Conference divisions
Starting in 2011, the Big Ten Conference created two divisions, "Legends" and "Leaders", following the University of Nebraska's membership into the conference. Northwestern was placed in the "Legends" division, with the University of Iowa, the University of Michigan, Michigan State University, the University of Minnesota and the University of Nebraska joining them.


2011 Norway attacks
The 2011 Norway attacks, referred to in Norway as 22 July (Norwegian: 22. juli) or as 22/7, were two sequential domestic terroristattacks by Anders Behring Breivik against the government, the civilian population, and a Workers' Youth League (AUF) summer camp, in which 77 people were killed.


2011 Norway attacks
The first attack was a car bomb explosion in Oslo within Regjeringskvartalet, the executive government quarter of Norway, at 15:25:22 (CEST). The bomb was placed inside a van next to the tower block housing the office of the then Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg. The explosion killed eight people and injured at least 209 people, twelve severely.


2011 Norway attacks
The second attack occurred less than two hours later at a summer camp on the island of Utøya in Tyrifjorden, Viken. The camp was organized by the AUF, the youth division of the ruling Norwegian Labour Party (AP). Breivik, dressed in a homemade police uniform and showing false identification, took a ferry to the island and opened fire at the participants, killing 67 and injuring 32. Among the dead were Stoltenberg's friends, and the stepbrother of Norway's crown princess Mette-Marit.


2011 Norway attacks
The attack was the deadliest in Norway since World War II. A survey found that one in four Norwegians knew someone affected. The European Union, NATO and several countries expressed their support for Norway and condemned the attacks. The 2012 Gjørv Report concluded that Norway's police could have prevented the bombing and caught Breivik faster at Utøya, and that measures to prevent further attacks and "mitigate adverse effects" should have been implemented.


2011 Norway attacks
The Norwegian Police arrested Breivik, a 32-year-old Norwegian right-wing extremist, on Utøya island and charged him with both attacks. His trial took place between 16 April and 22 June 2012 in Oslo District Court, where Breivik admitted carrying out the attacks, but denied criminal guilt and claimed the defense of necessity (jus necessitatis). On 24 August, Breivik was convicted as charged and sentenced to 21 years of preventive detention in prison, the maximum sentence allowed in Norway. The sentence can be extended indefinitely as long as the prisoner is deemed a threat to society.


2011 Norway attacks, Preparation for the attacks
Breivik claims to have begun the planning of the terrorist acts in 2002, at the age of 23. He had participated for years in debates on Internet forums and spoken against Islam and immigration. He was preparing for the attacks from at least as early as 2009, though he concealed his violent intentions.


2011 Norway attacks, Preparation for the attacks, Failed attempt to buy weapons in Prague
Breivik spent six days in Prague in late August and early September 2010. Following his Internet inquiry, Breivik noted that "Prague is known for maybe being the most important transit site point for illicit drugs and weapons in Europe". Despite the fact that Prague has one of the lowest crime rates among European capitals, Breivik expressed reservations about his personal safety, writing that (before his trip there) he believed Prague to be a dangerous place with "many brutal and cynical criminals".


2011 Norway attacks, Preparation for the attacks, Failed attempt to buy weapons in Prague
He hollowed out the rear seats of his Hyundai Atos in order to have enough space for the firearms he hoped to buy. After two days, he got a prospectus for a mineral extraction business printed, which was supposed to give him an alibi in case someone suspected him of preparing a terrorist attack. He wanted to buy an AK-47-type rifle, a Glock pistol, hand-grenades and a rocket-propelled grenade, stating that getting the latter two would be a "bonus".


2011 Norway attacks, Preparation for the attacks, Failed attempt to buy weapons in Prague
Breivik had several fake police badges printed to wear with a police uniform, which he had acquired illegally on the Internet, and which he later wore during the attack. Contrary to his expectations, he was unable to get any firearms in the Czech Republic, commenting that it was the "first major setback in [his] operation". In the end, he concluded that Prague was "far from an ideal city to buy guns", nothing like "what the BBC reported", and that he had felt "safer in Prague than in Oslo".


2011 Norway attacks, Preparation for the attacks, Arming in Norway and through the Internet
Originally, Breivik intended to try to obtain weapons in Germany or Serbia if his mission in Prague failed. The Czech disappointment led him to procure his weapons through legal channels. He decided to obtain a semi-automatic rifle and a Glock pistol legally in Norway, noting that he had a "clean criminal record, hunting license, and two guns (a Benelli Nova 12 gauge pump-action shotgun and a .308 bolt-action rifle) already for seven years", and that obtaining the guns legally should therefore not be a problem.


2011 Norway attacks, Preparation for the attacks, Arming in Norway and through the Internet
Upon returning to Norway, Breivik obtained a legal permit for a .223-caliber Ruger Mini-14 semi-automatic carbine, ostensibly for the purpose of hunting deer. He bought it in late 2010 for €1,400. He wanted to purchase a 7.62×39mm Ruger Mini-30 semi-automatic carbine, but decided for unknown reasons to buy the Mini-14.


2011 Norway attacks, Preparation for the attacks, Arming in Norway and through the Internet
Getting a permit for the pistol proved more difficult, as he had to demonstrate regular attendance at a sport shooting club. He also bought ten 30-round magazines for the rifle from a United States supplier, and six magazines for the pistol (including four 30-round magazines) in Norway. From November 2010 to January 2011 he went through 15 training sessions at the Oslo Pistol Club, and by mid-January his application to purchase a Glock pistol was approved.


2011 Norway attacks, Preparation for the attacks, Arming in Norway and through the Internet
Breivik claimed in his manifesto that he bought 300 g of sodium nitrate from a Polish shop for €10. The Polish ABW interviewed the company owner on 24 July 2011. Breivik's Polish purchases initially led to his being placed on the watch list of the Norwegian intelligence, which did not act because they did not believe his actions were relevant to their terror concerns.


2011 Norway attacks, Preparation for the attacks, Arming in Norway and through the Internet
He had also planned a last religious service (in Frogner Church, Oslo) before the attack.


2011 Norway attacks, Preparation for the attacks, Arming in Norway and through the Internet, Breivik Geofarm
On 18 May 2009, Breivik created a sole proprietorship called Breivik Geofarm, a company established under the fictitious purpose of cultivating vegetables, melons, roots and tubers. The real purpose was to gain access to chemicals and materials, especially fertiliser that could be used for the production of explosives without arousing suspicion.


2011 Norway attacks, Preparation for the attacks, Arming in Norway and through the Internet, Breivik Geofarm
The place of business was given as Åmot in Hedmark. On 4 May 2011, Breivik purchased 6 tonnes (13,000 lb) of fertilizer through Geofarm at Felleskjøpet, 3 tonnes (6,600 lb) of ammonium nitrate and 3 tonnes (6,600 lb) of calcium ammonium nitrate. According to neighbours, all the fertiliser was stored in his barn. After conducting a reconstruction of the bomb with equivalent amount of fertilizer on the farm in Åmot, police and bomb experts concluded that the bomb had been 950 kg (2,090 lb), about the same size as the one used in the 2002 Bali bombings.


2011 Norway attacks, Preparation for the attacks, Arming in Norway and through the Internet, Breivik Geofarm
Afterwards there was significant debate in Norway about how an amateur could acquire such substantial amounts of fertiliser and manufacture and place such a lethal weapon in the middle of Regjeringskvartalet all by himself. The conclusion by Felleskjøpet was that there is no legislation to keep agricultural businesses from buying as much fertiliser as they like, and that there was nothing suspicious about Breivik's purchase. This was confirmed by the director of the Norwegian Police Security Service, Janne Kristiansen, who stated "not even the Stasi could have prevented this attack".


2011 Norway attacks, Preparation for the attacks, Arming in Norway and through the Internet, Breivik Geofarm
The company listed at least two Swedish employees on the social networking site Facebook, but it is uncertain whether these people existed.


2011 Norway attacks, Preparation for the attacks, Arming in Norway and through the Internet, Breivik Geofarm
In April 2011, he reported moving from Oslo to Vålstua farm in the municipality of Åmot, about 9 kilometres (6 mi) south of the community centre Rena, on the east side of Glomma. His agricultural company was run from the farm, and gave him access to ingredients for explosives.


2011 Norway attacks, Preparation for the attacks, Arming in Norway and through the Internet, Breivik Geofarm
His 950-kilogram (2,090 lb) car bomb exploded in central Oslo on 22 July 2011, where it killed eight people. He had between 1,000 and 1,500 kilograms (2,200 and 3,300 lb) of additional material that was left on the farm and could be used for construction of a second bomb.


2011 Norway attacks, Preparation for the attacks, Weapons training
Beside visiting firing ranges and countries with relaxed gun laws to sharpen his skill, Breivik's manifesto says that he made use of the video game Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 as a training aid while using World of Warcraft as a cover for his extended period of isolation. He also said that he honed his shooting skills using an in-game holographic sight similar to the one he used during the attacks.


2011 Norway attacks, Oslo bombing
On 22 July 2011, at 15:25:22 (CEST) a bomb detonated in Regjeringskvartalet, central Oslo. The bomb was placed in a white Volkswagen Crafter and parked in front of the H block, housing the Office of the Prime Minister, Ministry of Justice and the Police, and several other governmental buildings, such as the Ministry of Petroleum and Energy (R4), Ministry of Finance (G block), Ministry of Education and Research (Y block) and the Supreme Court of Norway (behind the G block).


2011 Norway attacks, Oslo bombing
The Crafter was registered by surveillance cameras as entering Grubbegata from Grensen at 15:13:23. The van stopped at 15:13:43, 200 metres (660 ft) before the H block. It stood still with the hazard warning lamps on for 1 minute and 54 seconds. The driver then drove the last 200 metres and parked the van in front of the main entrance of the main government building. The van was parked at 15:16:30. The front door of the van opened 16 seconds later and after another 16 seconds the driver stepped out of the van. He stood outside the van for 7 seconds before quickly walking away towards Hammersborg torg, where he had another car parked.


2011 Norway attacks, Oslo bombing
The driver was dressed like a police officer and had a gun in his hand. A police helmet with a face shield was covering his face. Breivik was not positively identified.


2011 Norway attacks, Oslo bombing
The explosion started fires in the H block (H-blokka) and R4, and the shock wave blew out the windows on all floors as well as in the VG house and other buildings on the other side of the square. The blast was caught on many security cameras. The streets in the area were filled with glass and debris. A cloud of white smoke was reported as a fire continued to burn at the Department of Oil and Energy. The blast was heard at least 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) away.


2011 Norway attacks, Oslo bombing
At 15:26 the police received the first message about the explosion, and at 15:28 the first police patrol reported arriving at the scene. At the same time, news agency NTB was told that the Prime Minister was safe and not hurt.


2011 Norway attacks, Oslo bombing
A witness called police at 15:34 to report a person in a police uniform holding a pistol in his hand, entering an unmarked vehicle, a Fiat Doblò. Information—including the vehicle's license plate number and description of the suspect—was written on a yellow note, and hand-delivered to the police operations central where it lay for twenty minutes before the witness was phoned back. The license plate number was not transmitted on the police radio until two hours later.


2011 Norway attacks, Oslo bombing
Following the explosion, police cleared the area and searched for any additional explosive devices. Through media outlets, police urged citizens to evacuate central Oslo.


2011 Norway attacks, Oslo bombing
Police later announced that the bomb was composed of a mixture of fertilizer and fuel oil (ANFO), similar to that used in the Oklahoma City bombing.


2011 Norway attacks, Oslo bombing, Impact on transportation
Immediately after the explosion, the area surrounding the damaged buildings was cordoned off and evacuated. People were asked to remain calm and leave the city centre if possible, but there was no general evacuation. The Oslo Metro remained operational, and most of the Oslo tram network was also running, although sporadically, except for the line through Grensen (the street between Prof. Aschehoug's plass and Stortorvet). Buses also continued to run, although at least one articulated bus on the No.37 line, which stops outside the Ministry of Finance, was commandeered to evacuate the walking wounded.


2011 Norway attacks, Oslo bombing, Impact on transportation
An e-mail communication with the BBC from a traveller indicated that police were conducting searches in suspicious cars on the road to Oslo Airport, Gardermoen, which remained open.


2011 Norway attacks, Oslo bombing, Impact on transportation
The Gardermoen Line between Lillestrøm and Oslo Airport was shut down after a suspicious package was found close to the tracks. The same happened at the offices of TV 2 which were evacuated after a suspicious package was found outside the building.


2011 Norway attacks, Utøya massacre, Attack
Approximately one and a half hours after the Oslo explosion, Breivik, dressed in a police uniform and presenting himself as "Martin Nilsen" from the Oslo Police Department, boarded the ferry MS Thorbjørn at Utøykaia in Tyrifjorden, a lake some 32 kilometres (20 mi) northwest of Oslo, to the island of Utøya, the location of the Norwegian Labour Party's AUF youth camp. The camp is held there every summer and was attended by approximately 600 teenagers.


2011 Norway attacks, Utøya massacre, Attack
When Breivik arrived on the island, he presented himself as a police officer who had come over for a routine check following the bombing in Oslo. He was met by Monica Bøsei, the camp leader and island hostess. Bøsei probably became suspicious and contacted Trond Berntsen, the security officer on the island, before Breivik killed them both. He then signalled and asked people to gather around him before pulling weapons and ammunition from a bag and firing indiscriminately, killing and wounding numerous people.


2011 Norway attacks, Utøya massacre, Attack
He first shot people on the island and later started shooting at people who were trying to escape by swimming across the lake. Survivors on the island described a scene of terror. Survivor Dana Barzingi, then 21, described how several victims wounded by Breivik pretended to be dead, but he came back and shot them again. He spared an 11-year-old boy who had lost his father (Trond Berntsen) during the shooting and stood up against him and said he was too young to die, as well as a 22-year-old man who begged for his life.


2011 Norway attacks, Utøya massacre, Attack
Some witnesses hid in undergrowth and lavatories, communicating by text message to avoid revealing their positions. The mass shooting lasted for around an hour and a half, ending when a police special task force arrived and Breivik surrendered, despite having ammunition left, at 18:35. The shooter used hollow-point or frangible bullets which increase tissue damage. Breivik repeatedly shouted "You are going to die today, Marxists!"


2011 Norway attacks, Utøya massacre, Attack
Bøsei's husband and one of her daughters, who were also present, survived. The youngest victim, New Zealand-born Sharidyn Svebakk-Bøhn of Drammen, was 14 years old. 16-year-old Andrine Bakkene Espeland of Sarpsborg was the last victim, nearly one hour after the shooting began.


2011 Norway attacks, Utøya massacre, Attack
Residents in a flotilla of motorboats and fishing dinghies sailed out to rescue the survivors, who were pulled out shivering and bleeding from the water and picked up from hiding places in the bushes and behind rocks around the island's shoreline. Some survived by pretending to be dead. Several campers, especially those who knew the island well, swam to the island's rocky west side and hid in the caves which are only accessible from the water. Others were able to hide away on the secluded Kjærlighetsstien ("love path"). Forty-seven of the campers sought refuge in Skolestua ("the School House") together with personnel from the Norwegian People's Aid. Although Breivik fired two bullets through the door, he did not get through the locked door, and the people inside this building survived.


2011 Norway attacks, Utøya massacre, Attack
The teenagers said that they had decided that it was too difficult to stop the gunman. They discovered a cave-like opening in a rock where they hid 23 children from Breivik. Dzhamayev, who kept guard outside, also dragged three youngsters from the lake who were close to drowning.


2011 Norway attacks, Utøya massacre, Attack
Former prime minister Gro Harlem Brundtland, whom Breivik said he hated and, in a pun on the (more or less ironic) epithet Landsmoderen ("mother of the nation"), referred to in his writings as landsmorderen ("murderer of the nation"), had been on the island earlier in the day to give a speech to the camp. After the attack, Breivik stated that he originally wanted to target her specifically; but because of delays related to the renovation of Oslo Central railway station, he arrived after she had already left.


2011 Norway attacks, Utøya massacre, Rescue and emergency response
The first shot was fired at 17:22. The emergency medical services were informed about the shooting two minutes later. One minute after that, the police in Oslo were informed. They immediately tried to reach Utøya as quickly as possible, but did not have a helicopter that could take them straight to the island. By 17:30, Delta, the police tactical unit in Oslo, were on the way to Utøya by automobile.


2011 Norway attacks, Utøya massacre, Rescue and emergency response
One of the first to arrive on the scene was Marcel Gleffe, a German resident of Ski staying at Utvika Camping on the mainland. Recognizing gunshots, he piloted his boat to the island and began throwing life-jackets to young people in the water, rescuing as many as he could in four or five trips, after which the police asked him to stop. The Daily Telegraph credited him with saving up to 30 lives. Another forty were saved by Hege Dalen and Toril Hansen, a married couple on vacation in the area.


2011 Norway attacks, Utøya massacre, Rescue and emergency response
Dalen was helping from land while Hansen and a neighbour camper made several trips to rescue people in the water. Several dozen more were rescued by Kasper Ilaug, who made three trips to the island. Ilaug, a local resident, received a telephone call that "something terrible" was happening on Utøya and requesting help. He initially thought the call was a prank, but acted anyway. Altogether, some 150 who swam away from the island were pulled out of the lake by campers on the opposite shore.


2011 Norway attacks, Utøya massacre, Rescue and emergency response
Delta reached the meeting point at 18:09, but had to wait a few minutes for a boat to take them across. They reached Utøya at 18:25. When confronted by the heavily armed police on the island, the gunman initially hesitated for a few seconds. When an officer yelled "surrender or be shot" he laid down his weapons.


2011 Norway attacks, Utøya massacre, Rescue and emergency response
Breivik called the 112 emergency phone number at least twice to surrender, at 18:01 and 18:26, and continued killing people in between. The police say Breivik hung up both times; they tried to call him back but did not succeed.


2011 Norway attacks, Utøya massacre, Rescue and emergency response
When the police arrived at the scene, they were met by survivors begging the officers to throw away their weapons, as they were afraid that the men in uniforms would again open fire on them.


2011 Norway attacks, Utøya massacre, Rescue and emergency response
During the attack, 69 people were killed, and of the 517 survivors, 66 were wounded.


2011 Norway attacks, Utøya massacre, Rescue and emergency response, Shortage of transport capacity
The Norwegian police do not have helicopters suitable for transporting groups of police for an airdrop. The one they have is useful only for surveillance and the helicopter crew were on leave.


2011 Norway attacks, Utøya massacre, Rescue and emergency response, Shortage of transport capacity
When the local police arrived at Utøykaia, less than 30 minutes after the first shot was fired, they could not find a suitable boat to reach the island. They were then ordered to observe and report.


2011 Norway attacks, Utøya massacre, Rescue and emergency response, Shortage of transport capacity
AUF's own ferry, the 50 passenger MS Thorbjørn, was used by Breivik to go to Utøya. Shortly after the first shot was fired, nine people were leaving the island on the ferry, among them the AUF leader Eskil Pedersen. They feared there might be more terrorists in the area and navigated the ferry 2.7 kilometres (1.7 mi) to the north. Hence the ferry was not available to the police when they arrived at Utøykaia, the normal ferry landing on the mainland.


2011 Norway attacks, Utøya massacre, Rescue and emergency response, Shortage of transport capacity
The police therefore had to use their own rigid-hulled inflatable boat (RHIB). The day of the event, this boat was located in Hønefoss, and had to be transported to the lake and launched before it could be used. When Delta boarded the RHIB it took on some water and after a few hundred meters, the engine stopped, probably due to water in the fuel. Two minutes later they took over a civilian boat that was sent to assist them. The episode was captured on video. A minute or two after the video ends, a faster civilian boat arrived to help. Four Delta officers boarded the boat. Not wanting to waste any more time, the civilian couple took the police to Utøya.


2011 Norway attacks, Utøya massacre, Rescue and emergency response, Shortage of transport capacity
Some have criticised the police for not using a helicopter, for not immediately getting into small boats, and for endangering the couple who drove the civilian boat.


2011 Norway attacks, Utøya massacre, Arrest of innocent survivor
On arriving in Utøya, the police arrested, in addition to Breivik, Anzor Djoukaev, an innocent 17-year-old survivor who represented the Akershus branch of AUF. The youth was reportedly stripped naked and locked up in a jail cell, located only meters away from the cell housing the self-confessed killer. The victim, who as a child had witnessed mass murders in Chechnya, was suspected of being an accomplice because his haircut was different from that shown on his identity document, and because he did not react to the carnage with the same tears and hysteria as most of the other survivors. He was kept in custody for seventeen hours. Lawyer Harald Stabell criticized the police for failing to contact the youth's family, who feared he was killed, and for interrogating the victim without a lawyer present.


2011 Norway attacks, Casualties
The attacks were the deadliest in Norway since World War II, and a survey found that one in four Norwegians knew "someone affected by the attacks". It is also the fifth deadliest terrestrial terrorist attack in Western Europe behind the Bologna bombing in 1980, the Nice attack in 2016, the Paris attacks in November 2015, and the Madrid train bombings in 2004.


2011 Norway attacks, Casualties, Oslo
Eight people were killed in the explosion; the blast, shock wave and debris immediately killed six people, while two others died quickly afterwards from their wounds. Of the 325 people estimated to have been in the government buildings, around them and in the surrounding area, at least 209 people received physical injuries from the blast and debris. While most were relatively minor and could be treated at the local casualty clinic, 12 people received more serious injuries. Ten were sent to Ullevål University Hospital (OUS, Ullevål), four with moderate to serious and six with critical injuries, and two to Aker University Hospital (OUS, Aker). A doctor at one of the Oslo University Hospitals (OUS) said the hospital staff were treating head, chest and abdominal wounds.


2011 Norway attacks, Casualties, Oslo
Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg was at his official residence near the Royal Palace, preparing the speech he was scheduled to give at Utøya the next day. Norway's finance minister, Sigbjørn Johnsen, was on vacation in Denmark at the time.


2011 Norway attacks, Casualties, Oslo
Fewer people than usual were in the area because the bombing took place during July, the usual holiday month for Norwegians, and since it was Friday afternoon, most government employees had gone home for the weekend.


2011 Norway attacks, Casualties, Utøya
The scope of what happened at the island was initially very confusing, and the first official figures given was that at least 10 people had been killed. As the evening progressed several eyewitness reports put this number in doubt, and at approximately 03:50 (CEST) on 23 July, NRK1 and TV2, the two primary Norwegian television networks, broadcast a live press conference from the "Sentrum politistasjon" in Oslo where Norway's National Police Commissioner Øystein Mæland stated the number of fatalities at Utøya to have reached "at least 80" with the count expected to increase.


2011 Norway attacks, Casualties, Utøya
On 25 July, a police spokesperson revealed that the death toll of the victims on Utøya had been revised downwards to 68 after the casualties had been counted on their return to the mainland. They added that the number of people missing was still high and that the number of casualties could be as high as 86. On 29 July police announced that one of the severely wounded victims from Utøya had died in hospital, bringing the death toll from the island massacre to 69.


2011 Norway attacks, Casualties, Utøya
On 26 July, the Norwegian police began releasing the names and dates of birth of the victims on their website. By 29 July, the names of all 77 victims (8 from the bomb attack, 69 from Utøya) had been published, the last, a shooting victim, having been found on the 28th.


2011 Norway attacks, Casualties, Utøya
Of the 69 people who died at the attack on the island, 57 were killed by one or more shots through the head. In total, 67 people were killed by gunshots, 1 died falling from a cliff trying to escape, and 1 drowned trying to swim away from the island. In total, Breivik fired at least 186 shots, and still had a "considerable amount of ammunition" left.


2011 Norway attacks, Casualties, Utøya
In the aftermath, of the 564 people on the island at the time, 69 people died and at least 110 people had received various physical injuries. An estimated 50 people were treated at the locally set up casualty clinic, and were treated for relatively minor injuries such as cuts, bruises and hypothermia after fleeing and swimming from the island. It was cloudy and rainy on Utøya that day, air temperature was varying between 14–15 °C (57–59 °F), water temperature around the island was 14–15 °C (57–59 °F) and the shortest distance to the mainland was around 600 meters.


2011 Norway attacks, Casualties, Utøya
Sixty people were transported to surrounding hospitals, 55 with serious to critical injuries. The chief surgeon who treated the wounds at one of the hospitals said he had never seen similar wounds during his 23 years of practice, and explained that the bullets were extremely fragmented in their path through the body. Thirty-three people had been directly hit by one or more bullets and survived, but one person who was shot died two days later in hospital from the bullet wounds to the head and back.


2011 Norway attacks, Casualties, Utøya
The 564 people on the island at the time were from all over Norway as well as some visitors from foreign countries. The people who died were from 18 of Norway's 19 counties, and also a woman from Georgia. Wounded people were from the entire country, including Svalbard, and together with the casualties from Oslo, an average of a quarter of Norway's population knew a victim affected by the attacks, according to a survey done. Several of the dead and wounded, or their parents, were personal friends of high-ranking government ministers. Trond Berntsen, an off-duty, unarmed police officer and step-brother of Norway's crown princess Mette-Marit, was the first to be shot dead.


2011 Norway attacks, Perpetrator
Public broadcaster NRK and several other Norwegian media outlets identified the suspected attacker as Anders Behring Breivik. He was arrested on Utøya for the shootings and also linked to the Oslo bombing. He was charged with terrorism for both attacks. According to his attorney, Breivik acknowledged that he was responsible for both the bomb and the shooting during interrogation but denied culpability, as he asserted that his actions were "atrocious but necessary". At his initial arraignment on 25 July, Breivik was remanded into custody for eight weeks, the first half to be in solitary confinement. Breivik wanted to have an open hearing, and attend it wearing a uniform of his own design, but both requests were denied by the presiding judge.


2011 Norway attacks, Perpetrator, Mental health
Following his arrest, Breivik underwent examination by court-appointed forensic psychiatrists, who diagnosed him with paranoid schizophrenia and concluded he had been psychotic at the time of the attacks and was criminally insane. Although criticised in newspaper debates, the submitted report was approved with no remarks by the Norwegian Board of Forensic Medicine after an extended panel of experts had reviewed it.


2011 Norway attacks, Perpetrator, Mental health
According to his defense attorney, Breivik initially expressed surprise and felt insulted by the conclusions in the report. He later stated that "this provides new opportunities". Following the criticism of the psychiatric report, the court in January 2012 approved the conduct of a second psychiatric examination. The report from this examination declared Breivik to be sane in April 2012. Ultimately, the verdict and ruling of the district court's five-judge panel agreed that Breivik was sane.


2011 Norway attacks, Perpetrator, Political and religious views
Breivik is linked to a 1,518-page compendium entitled 2083: A European Declaration of Independence bearing the name "Andrew Berwick". The file was e-mailed to 1,003 addresses about 90 minutes before the bomb blast in Oslo. Analysts described him as having Islamophobic views and a hatred of Islam, and as someone who considered himself as a knight dedicated to stemming the tide of Muslim immigration into Europe.


2011 Norway attacks, Perpetrator, Political and religious views
The introductory chapter of the manifesto defining "cultural Marxism" is a copy of Political Correctness: A Short History of an Ideology by the Free Congress Foundation. Major parts of the compendium are attributed to the pseudonymous Norwegian blogger Fjordman. The text also copies sections of the Unabomber manifesto, without giving credit, while substituting the words "cultural Marxists" for "leftists" and "Muslims" for "black people". The New York Times described American influences in the writings, noting that the compendium mentions the anti-Islamist American Robert Spencer 64 times and cites Spencer's works at great length.


2011 Norway attacks, Perpetrator, Political and religious views
The work of Bat Ye'or is cited dozens of times. Far-right and anti-Islam blogger Pamela Geller, Neo-pagan writer Koenraad Elst and Daniel Pipes are also mentioned as sources of inspiration. The manifesto further contains quotes from Middle East expert Bernard Lewis, Edmund Burke, Mahatma Gandhi, Thomas Jefferson and George Orwell, as well as from Jeremy Clarkson's Sunday Times column and Melanie Phillips' Daily Mail column. The publication speaks in admiration of Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Bruce Bawer, Srđa Trifković, and Henryk M. Broder. The compendium advocates a restoration of patriarchy, which it claims would save European culture.


2011 Norway attacks, Perpetrator, Political and religious views
The compendium contains his militant far-right ideology and xenophobic worldview, which espouses an array of political concepts; including support for varying degrees of cultural conservatism, right-wing populism, ultranationalism, Islamophobia, far-right Zionism, and Serbian paramilitarism. It regards Islam and "cultural Marxism" as the enemy and argues for the annihilation of "Eurabia" and multiculturalism, to preserve a Christian Europe. He further urged Europeans to restore the historic crusades against Islam as in the Middle Ages. A video Breivik released on YouTube 6 hours before the attack has been described as promoting violence towards leftists and Islamists who reside in Western Europe.


2011 Norway attacks, Perpetrator, Political and religious views
Among other things, in the manifesto he identified the Beneš Decrees, which facilitated the expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia after the Second World War, as an example for committing that act on European Muslims. In his manifesto he also urges the Hindus to drive Muslims out of India. He demands the gradual deportation of all Muslims from Europe from 2011 to 2083 through repatriation. He blames feminism for allowing the erosion of the fabric of European society.


2011 Norway attacks, Perpetrator, Political and religious views
Breivik's writings mention the English Defence League, claiming that he had contact with senior members of the EDL, and that a Norwegian version of the group was 'in the process of gaining strength'. He wrote that the EDL were 'naïve fools' because in his words the EDL 'harshly condemns any and all revolutionary conservative movements that employ terror as a tool'. EDL leader Tommy Robinson denounced Breivik and the attack on 26 July 2011 and denied any links with the Norwegian.


2011 Norway attacks, Perpetrator, Political and religious views
After being apprehended, Breivik was characterized by police officials as being a right-wing extremist. Breivik is described by the newspaper Verdens Gang as considering himself a conservative nationalist. According to The Australian, Breivik was highly critical of Muslim immigration into Christian societies, is pro-Israel and an admirer of the Tea Party movement in the United States. Deputy police chief Roger Andresen initially told reporters that "We have no more information than ... what has been found on [his] own websites, which is that it goes towards the right and that it is, so to speak, Christian fundamentalist."


2011 Norway attacks, Perpetrator, Political and religious views
Subsequently, others have disputed Andresen's characterization of Breivik as a Christian fundamentalist. Furthermore, Breivik stated that "myself and many more like me do not necessarily have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ and God." According to the International Business Times, in his manifesto, he "did not see himself as religious", but he did identify as a cultural Christian and wrote about the differences between cultural and religious Christians, but stressed that both were Christians, and shared the same identity and goals. After his imprisonment, Breivik stated he had never personally identified as a Christian, and called his religion Odinism, stating that he would "pray and sacrifice" to Odin. He also identified himself as a fascist and a national socialist, stating that he previously exploited counterjihadist rhetoric in order to protect "ethno-nationalists".


2011 Norway attacks, Perpetrator, Political and religious views
He has written many posts on the far-right website document.no. He attended meetings of "Documents venner" (Friends of Document), affiliated with the Document.no website. He is a former member of the Progress Party (FrP) and its youth wing FpU. According to the current FpU leader Ove Vanebo, Breivik was active early in the 2000s, but he left the party as his viewpoints became more extreme.


2011 Norway attacks, Perpetrator, Political and religious views
In his online YouTube video, he expressed admiration of past European leaders who fought against Islam and Muslims, naming Charles Martel, Richard the Lionheart, El Cid, Vlad the Impaler, Jacques de Molay, Tsar Nicholas, and John III Sobieski. A recently created social media website bearing Breivik's name and picture but of unknown authorship refers to him as an admirer of Winston Churchill and Max Manus, and also of controversial Dutch politician Geert Wilders, whose political party, the Party for Freedom, he describes as "the only true party of conservatives". The music that is played in the video comes off the soundtrack to the video game Age of Conan: Hyborian Adventures.


2011 Norway attacks, Perpetrator, Unsubstantiated claims of Breivik being assisted
There was suspicion at the time of the attack that there were accomplices, and the police initially prepared to meet two to five shooters on Utøya. Several youths at Utøya reported to be convinced that there was more than one shooter, with some reports of shots fired from the mainland. A second shooter at Utøya was described by several youths as having thick dark hair, about 1.80 meters tall who did not wear a police uniform, while carrying a pistol and a rifle.


2011 Norway attacks, Perpetrator, Unsubstantiated claims of Breivik being assisted
During judicial examination, at least two witnesses independently of each other both described two different shooters at Utøya, while a third witness was reported to have swum from the island beside a previously unknown dark-haired man. After his arrest Breivik claimed he acted with accomplices, but later changed his statements to his acting alone, giving several demands for him to tell about accomplices. On 24 July 2011, six people were arrested in Oslo suspected of having connections with the attacks; all were released. The police later issued a statement that there was only found evidence of one shooter at Utøya, amid "widespread conspiracy theories" of there having been more than one shooter.