2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named non-avian dinosaurs
A 30-foot tyrannosauroid known from the remains of both adults and juveniles. Previously considered a species of Daspletosaurus.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named non-avian dinosaurs
A chasmosaurine ceratopsid with the largest horns of any dinosaur currently known.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named non-avian dinosaurs
A carcharodontosaurid with a pointed, hump-like crest near the hips and bumps on the ulnae that may be quill knobs.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named non-avian dinosaurs
Originally interpreted as a distinct basal sauropodomorph, but now appears to be a misidentified juvenile Massospondylus specimen.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named non-avian dinosaurs
A ceratopsid dinosaur. Initially considered to be a member of Chasmosaurinae, subsequently reinterpreted as a member of Centrosaurinae.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named non-avian dinosaurs
A small bird-like paravian estimated to reach slightly more than two feet in length.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named non-avian dinosaurs
A chasmosaurine ceratopsid. A new genus for "Chasmosaurus" irvinensis Holmes et al., 2001.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named birds
A basal member of Anatidae. This is type species of the new genus.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named birds
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Avisauridae Brett-Surman & Paul, 1985. This is the type species of the new genus.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named birds
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Longipterygidae Zhang, Zhou, Hou et Gu, 2000, this is the type species of the new genus.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named birds
A Coliidae, a species of Coliidae. This is the type species of the new genus.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named birds
A species of Confuciusornis known from a single skeleton. Considered to be a junior synonym of Confuciusornis sanctus by Wang, O'Connor & Zhou (2018).


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named birds
A new genus with Primobucco olsoni Feduccia et Martin, 1976. as the type species.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named birds
An Odontopterygiformes. Dasornis Owen, 1870. The type species is Dasornis londinensis Owen, 1870.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named birds
A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971, ?Piciformes, this is the type species of the new genus.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named birds
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981. This is the type species of the new genus.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named birds
A predatory ground bird known from an unusual hind limb. This is the type species of the new genus.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named birds
A giant Spheniscidae and the type species of the new genus.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named birds
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Avisauridae Brett-Surman et Paul, 1985, the type species of the new genus.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named birds
A new genus and species of Acanthisittidae, it is the type species of the new genus.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named birds
A Cimolopterygidae Brodkorb, 1963, this is the type species of the new genus.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named birds
A new genus for Cimolopteryx minima Brodkorb, 1963, transferred to Lamarqueavis by Agnolin, 2010.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named birds
A new genus for Cimolopteryx petra Hope, 2002, transferred to Lamarqueavis by Agnolin, 2010.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named birds
A Hongshanornithidae O’Connor, Gao et Chiappe, 2010, this is the type species of the new genus.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named birds
A Phasianidae, this is the type species of the new genus.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named birds
A small Psittacidae, the type species of the new genus.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named birds
The type species of the new genus. A bird of uncertain phylogenetic placement; it might be a relative of Charadriiformes or a relative of the passerines and the extinct family Zygodactylidae. Maybe close to Pumiliornis tessellatus G. Mayr, 1999.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named birds
Strigidae, a new genus for Strix brea Howard (1933), the type species of the new genus.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named birds
A member of Neognathae Incertae Sedis. The type species of the new genus.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named birds
A small Rallidae, the type species of the new genus.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named birds
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, this is the type species of the new genus.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named birds
A Sapeornithidae Zhou, 2006, this is the type species of the new genus.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named birds
A Vastanavidae G. Mayr, Rana, Rose, Sahni, Kumar, Sing et T. Smith, 2010, basal Psittaciformes.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named pterosaurs
An azhdarchid known only from five fragments of the front upper and lower jaws, and possibly a neck vertebra.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named pterosaurs
A wukongopterid that was described as a derived rhamphorhynchoid with transitional characters connecting it with pterodactyloids.


2010 in archosaur paleontology, Newly named pterosaurs
A pteranodontid. The type species is Dawndraco kanzai. Martin-Silverstone et al. (2017) consider this species to be a junior synonym of Pteranodon sternbergi.


2010 in arthropod paleontology
This list of fossil arthropods described in 2010 is a list of new taxa of trilobites, fossil insects, crustaceans, arachnids and other fossil arthropods of every kind that have been described during the year 2010. The list only includes taxa at the level of genus or species.


2010 in arthropod paleontology, Newly named insects
A flower-visiting Bibionomorpha fly. Type genus Cascoplecia, type species C. insolitis


2010 in association football
The following are the association football events of the year 2010 throughout the world.


2010 in association football, News
In 2010, the two top-level leagues in the United States both added at least one new team:


2010 in association football, News
However, during the 2010 WPS season, another charter team, Saint Louis Athletica, folded, bringing WPS back to the same number of teams it had in the 2009 season. The league also lost its season champions, FC Gold Pride, and the Chicago Red Stars, although it will add an expansion team in Western New York for 2011.


2010 in association football, News
Following the 2010 MLS regular season, the Kansas City Wizards announced a name change to Sporting Kansas City.


2010 in association football, National champions, CONCACAF
Note: "(A)" means Apertura champion; (B) means Bicentenario champion; "(C)" means Clausura champion. Note: "(P)" designates the league champion, by winning the playoffs; "(R)" designates the regular season champion.


2010 in baseball
The following are the baseball events of the year 2010  throughout the world.


2010 in baseball, Champions, Major League Baseball
Higher seed had home field advantage during Division Series and League Championship Series.


2010 in baseball, Events, January
I wish it never came into my life. But we're sitting here talking about it. I'm so sorry that I have to. I apologize to everybody at Major League Baseball, my family, the Marises, Bud Selig... Today was the hardest day of my life.


2010 in baseball, Events, June
I just cost that kid a perfect game, I thought he beat the throw. I was convinced he beat the throw, until I saw the replay.


2010 in basketball
The following are the basketball events of the year 2010  throughout the world.


2010 in basketball
Tournaments include international (FIBA), professional (club) and amateur and collegiate levels.


2010 in birding and ornithology, Europe, Britain, Breeding birds
Purple heron (Ardea purpurea) successfully bred in the UK for the first time on the Dungeness peninsula in Kent.


2010 in comics
Notable events of 2010 in comics. See also List of years in comics. This is a list of comics-related events in 2010. It includes any relevant comics-related events, deaths of notable comics-related people, conventions and first issues by title.


2010 in country music
This is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 2010.


2010 in country music, Top hits of the year
The following songs placed within the Top 20 on the Hot Country Songs or Canada Country charts in 2010:


2010 in country music, Top new album releases
The following albums placed within the Top 50 on the Top Country Albums charts in 2010:


2010 in country music, Major awards, CMT Music Awards
CMT Artists of the Year (presented December 1 in Nashville)


2010 in cricket
The following is a list of important cricket related events which occurred in the year 2010.


2010 in darts
This article documents all the events in the sport of darts over the course of 2010.


2010 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series
The Rock Band series of music video games supports downloadable songs for the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and Wii versions through the consoles' respective online services. Users can download songs on a track-by-track basis, with many of the tracks also offered as part of a "song pack" or complete album at a discounted rate. These packs are available for the Wii only on Rock Band 3. Most downloadable songs are playable within every game mode, including the Band World Tour career mode. All downloadable songs released before October 26, 2010, are cross-compatible between Rock Band, Rock Band 2 and Rock Band 3, while those after only work with Rock Band 3. Certain songs deemed "suitable for all ages" by Harmonix are also available for use in Lego Rock Band.


2010 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series
The Wii version of Rock Band does not support downloadable content, but Rock Band 2 and Rock Band 3 do, with DLC first made available in January 2009. Songs from the back catalogue of downloadable content were released for the Wii weekly in an effort by Harmonix to provide Wii players with every previously available song.


2010 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series
Following the release of Rock Band 4 for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, all previously purchased downloadable content for Rock Band 3 and earlier is forward compatible (with the exception of any downloadable content purchased for The Beatles: Rock Band) within the same system family at no additional cost.


2010 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series, List of songs released in 2010
The following table lists the available songs for the Rock Band series released in 2010. All songs available in packs are also available as individual song downloads on the same date, unless otherwise noted. New songs are released on Tuesdays for Xbox Live, PlayStation Network, and Nintendo WFC, unless otherwise noted. Dates listed are the initial release of songs on Xbox Live. Starting May 20, 2008, all downloadable songs are available in both the North American and European markets, unless otherwise noted.


2010 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series, List of songs released in 2010
Some songs released before Rock Band 3 have been retrofitted to include Rock Band 3 features, including backing vocals, and the ability to buy an additional pack for Pro Guitar/Bass charts without having to buy the "RB3 Version" of the song. Certain songs have been marked "family friendly" by Harmonix; such songs released before Rock Band 3's launch on October 26, 2010 can be played in Lego Rock Band.


2010 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series, List of songs released in 2010
Starting October 26 (with The Doors), all new songs are only playable in Rock Band 3, due to a change in the file format. All songs released via downloadable content are playable in Rock Band 3, and support its new Pro Drum mode. Most songs released for Rock Band 3 include core features for keyboards, Pro Keyboards, and backing vocals in the core song, where they are appropriate. Additionally, some of these songs features charts for Pro Guitar and Bass that can also be purchased.


2010 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series, List of songs released in 2010
As of October 2009, over 800 songs have been made available as downloadable content (DLC). As of October 19, 2009, over 60 million downloadable song purchases have been made by players. The following is a list of the songs that have been released in 2010.


2010 in film
In the year 2010, there was a dramatic increase and prominence in the use of 3D-technology in filmmaking after the success of Avatar in the format, with releases such as Alice in Wonderland, Clash of the Titans, Jackass 3D, all animated films, with numerous other titles being released in 3D formats. 20th Century Fox celebrated its 75th anniversary in 2010.


2010 in film, Evaluation of the year
In his article highlighting the best movies of 2010, Richard Brody of The New Yorker said:


2010 in film, Evaluation of the year
"At times it feels as if we’re living in something of a cinematic golden age, but one that’s altogether different from earlier halcyon days. Where some celebrate the former genius of the system to explain an earlier day’s proliferation of fine movies, now the system is something of a blunderer that often flings itself into follies or even crushes inspiration under its weight, but sometimes gets carried away, for reasons good or bad, and hands surprising control of vast resources over to artists who make stunningly audacious and personal use of them.


2010 in film, Evaluation of the year
The best filmmakers working in Hollywood have a passionate grasp of the cinematic past, but they don’t swoon over its polish or emulate its styles, they excavate it for its raw materials. There’s also a ferment here of independent filmmaking that liberates young people who, in earlier times, might have had to scuffle or supplicate for years while angling for a practical chance that now, with video, and with adequate effort, they can seize for themselves. Some of these independents have developed distinctive methods as well as aesthetics—regarding subject matter, picture, and performance—that are apt for the means of production.


2010 in film, Evaluation of the year
They make their lives, their homes, their families, their problems, and even their art the focus of their movies, and because, in their individuality, they share much with others in their generation, their stories, at their best—reflecting the age-old clashes and strivings of talented and ambitious youths in life, love, and art—reverberate deeply and widely.


2010 in film, Evaluation of the year
Meanwhile, the proliferation of arthouse cinemas and the sudden availability of classics on DVD and via Netflix go hand in hand with the rise of their art: their fierce focus on the immediate and the intimate includes the intensely personal experience of movies—whether treasures from the history of cinema or instant classics newly arrived from around the world. And, thanks to the Internet’s rapidity of ripple-effects that carry word from bloggers and enthusiasts to the world at large, the independent aesthetic and its artists have quickly had an impact on the Hollywood mainstream, in salutary ways."


2010 in film, Highest-grossing films
The top 10 films released in 2010 by worldwide gross are as follows:


2010 in film, Highest-grossing films
Toy Story 3 and Alice in Wonderland both grossed more than $1 billion, marking the first time that two films released in the same year grossed more than $1 billion at the box office. Both films were also released by the same studio, Walt Disney Pictures. Toy Story 3 was the first animated film to gross $1 billion, and is currently the seventh highest-grossing animated film ever worldwide. This is also the first time that five animated films have been present in the Top 10 highest-grossing films of the year; two of them are in the Top 5. The year saw four films debut with more than $100 million, breaking the opening record of 2007 with three releases, and 2004 with two.


2010 in film, 2010 films
The list of films released in 2010, arranged by country, are as follows:


2010 in games
This page lists board and card games, wargames, miniatures games, and tabletop role-playing games published in 2010. For video games, see 2010 in video gaming.


2010 in golf
This article summarizes the highlights of professional and amateur golf in the year 2010.


2010 in golf, Men's professional golf
FedEx Cup playoff events - see 2010 FedEx Cup Playoffs


2010 in golf, Men's professional golf
For a complete list of PGA Tour results see 2010 PGA Tour.


2010 in golf, Men's professional golf
For a complete list of European Tour results see 2010 European Tour.


2010 in golf, Women's professional golf
Ladies European Tour major (in addition to the Women's British Open)


2010 in golf, Women's professional golf
For a complete list of Ladies European Tour results see Ladies European Tour.


2010 in golf, Women's professional golf
For a complete list of LPGA Tour results see 2010 LPGA Tour.


2010 in golf, World Golf Hall of Fame inductees
The Hall inducted no class in 2010. On 22 July, it announced that it would move future induction ceremonies to May, on the Monday before The Players Championship. The next class would be inducted on 9 May 2011.


2010 in golf, Table of results
This table summarizes all the results referred to above in date order.


2010 in golf, Table of results
The following biennial events will next be played in 2011: Solheim Cup, Presidents Cup, Seve Trophy, Mission Hills World Cup, Walker Cup.


2010 in hammer throw
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by JJMC89 bot III (talk | contribs) at 20:56, 9 April 2020 (Moving Category:Years in hammer throwing to Category:Hammer throw by year per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Speedy). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


2010 in hammer throw
This page lists the World Best Year Performance in the year 2010 in both the men's and the women's hammer throw. The main event during this season were the 2010 European Championships in Athletics in Barcelona, Spain, where the final of the men's competition was held on July 28, 2010. The women had their final five days later, on July 30, 2010.


2010 in heavy metal music
This is a timeline documenting the events of heavy metal in the year 2010.


2010 in heavy metal music, Albums released
All releases are studio albums unless otherwise noted. The most successful metal album released in 2010 was Iron Maiden's The Final Frontier, topping the charts in 28 countries. It was also No. 1 in Metal Hammer's list of '50 Greatest albums of 2010'.


2010 in hip hop music
This article summarizes the events, album releases and album release dates in hip hop music for the year 2010.


2010 in home video
In 2010, many films, television shows, and miniseries were released for home video use on Blu-ray Disc, DVD, or both formats in the United States and Canada.


2010 in ice sports
This articles details major events and champions in 2010 in ice sports. Ice sports include sports such as curling and ice hockey.


2010 in jazz
This is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 2010.


2010 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 2010.


2010 in mammal paleontology
This article records new taxa of fossil mammals of every kind that have been described during the year 2010, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of mammals that occurred in the year 2010.


2010 in mammal paleontology
A marsupial belonging to the family Dasyuridae, a species of Antechinus.


2010 in mammal paleontology
A member of Didelphimorphia belonging to the superfamily Peradectoidea and the family Caroloameghiniidae. The type species is C. cristata.


2010 in mammal paleontology
A member of Argyrolagoidea of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is E. verticalis.


2010 in mammal paleontology
A member of Argyrolagoidea of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a species of Klohnia.


2010 in mammal paleontology
A marsupial belonging to the subfamily Zygomaturinae; a new genus for "Euowenia" robusta De Vis (1891).


2010 in mammal paleontology
A member of Polydolopiformes. The type species is K. mayoi (Odreman Rivas, 1978); genus also includes K. abanicoi (Flynn and Wyss, 1999) and K. mckennai (Flynn and Wyss, 2004), as well as new species K. fissuratus and K. maximus.


2010 in mammal paleontology
A marsupial belonging to the family Phascolarctidae (a relative of the koala).


2010 in mammal paleontology
A basal docodont. A new genus for "Shuotherium" kermacki Sigogneau-Russell, 1988.


2010 in mammal paleontology
A member of the family Thylacosmilidae. The type species is P. goini.


2010 in mammal paleontology
A member of Polydolopimorphia belonging to the suborder Hatcheriformes and the family Glasbiidae. The type species is P. ambiguus.


2010 in mammal paleontology
A member of Argyrolagoidea of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is P. aberrans.


2010 in mammal paleontology, Newly named eutherians
A relative of the okapi. Its type species is A. leakeyi.


2010 in mammal paleontology, Newly named eutherians
An oryzomyine rodent. The type species is A. donovani; genus also includes A. praeuniversitatis.


2010 in mammal paleontology, Newly named eutherians
A primate of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a species of Altanius.


2010 in mammal paleontology, Newly named eutherians
A murid rodent belonging to the subfamily Gerbillinae. The type species is A. grandis.


2010 in mammal paleontology, Newly named eutherians
A lagomorph, a species of Amphilagus. Considered to be a probable junior synonym of Amphilagus antiquus by Fostowicz-Frelik (2016).


2010 in mammal paleontology, Newly named eutherians
A squirrel belonging to the tribe Xerini, a relative of the Barbary ground squirrel.


2010 in mammal paleontology, Newly named eutherians
An armadillo. The type species is "Meteutatus" rigidus Ameghino (1902); genus also includes "Meteutatus" tinguiririquensis Carlini et al. (2009), as well as new species Barrancatatus maddeni.


2010 in mammal paleontology, Newly named eutherians
A member of Leptictida. The type species is B. longinares; genus also includes B. latidens.


2010 in mammal paleontology, Newly named eutherians
A euphractine armadillo related to Eutatus, a species of Chasicotatus.


2010 in mammal paleontology, Newly named eutherians
A rodent of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is D. dolus.


2010 in mammal paleontology, Newly named eutherians
An octodontoid rodent of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is D. verai.


2010 in mammal paleontology, Newly named eutherians
A rodent related to the maned rat. The type species is F. heissigi.


2010 in mammal paleontology, Newly named eutherians
A rodent belonging to the family Remyidae. The type species is F. russelli.


2010 in mammal paleontology, Newly named eutherians
Identification of H. gautengensis was based on partial skulls, several jaws, teeth and other bones found at various times at the Caves. It emerged over 2 million years ago and died out approximately 600,000 years ago, and is believed to have arisen earlier than Homo habilis.


2010 in mammal paleontology, Newly named eutherians
An early catarrhine of uncertain affinity. The type species is I. alekileki.


2010 in mammal paleontology, Newly named eutherians
An early catarrhine of uncertain affinity. The type species is K. akisimia.


2010 in mammal paleontology, Newly named eutherians
A new name for Kotadasiren gracilis Das & Basu, 1994 (nomen nudum). The type species is Kutchisiren cylindrica.


2010 in mammal paleontology, Newly named eutherians
A New World monkey related to Homunculus patagonicus and members of the genus Soriacebus. The type species is M. almendrae.


2010 in mammal paleontology, Newly named eutherians
Originally described as a species of Miacis, subsequently transferred to the genus Gracilocyon.


2010 in mammal paleontology, Newly named eutherians
A primate of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is N. aenigmaticus.


2010 in mammal paleontology, Newly named eutherians
A species of Nyctereutes (a relative of the raccoon dog).


2010 in mammal paleontology, Newly named eutherians
A notohippid notoungulate. The type species is P. canterensis; genus also includes P. dukei.


2010 in mammal paleontology, Newly named eutherians
A prehistoric pilot whale (Family Delphinidae). The type species is P. hoekmani


2010 in mammal paleontology, Newly named eutherians
A rhinoceros, a new genus for "Dicerorhinus" leakeyi (Hooijer, 1966).


2010 in mammal paleontology, Newly named eutherians
A murid rodent belonging to the subfamily Murinae. The type species is S. misrensis.


2010 in mammal paleontology, Newly named eutherians
A rodent belonging to the family Paramyidae and the subfamily Microparamyinae.


2010 in mammal paleontology, Newly named eutherians
A rodent belonging to the family Phiomyidae. The type species is "Phiomys" lavocati Wood (1968); genus also includes new species T. libycus.


2010 in mammal paleontology, Newly named eutherians
A member of Oligopithecidae. The type species is T. parvus.


2010 in mammal paleontology, Newly named eutherians
An octodontoid rodent of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is V. mazzonii; genus might also include Vallehermosomys? merlinae.


2010 in mammal paleontology, Newly named eutherians
A rodent related to the gundis. The type species is Y. zhoui.


2010 in men's road cycling
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by JJMC89 bot III (talk | contribs) at 20:57, 9 April 2020 (Moving Category:Years in men's road cycling to Category:Men's road cycling by year per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Speedy). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


2010 in men's road cycling, World Championships
The World Road championships will be held in Melbourne, Australia.


2010 in men's road cycling, Other World Calendar events
These races contribute, along with the Grand Tours and the UCI ProTour races, towards the 2010 UCI World Ranking


2010 in men's road cycling, 2.HC Category Races
The prefix 2 indicates that these events are stage races.


2010 in men's road cycling, 1.HC Category Races
The prefix 1 indicates that these events are one-day races.


2010 in modern pentathlon
This article lists the main modern pentathlon events and their results for 2010.


2010 in motorsport
The following is an overview of the events that occurred in the year 2010 in the area of motorsports including the major racing events, motorsport venues that were opened and closed during a year, championships and non-championship events that were established and disestablished in a year, and birth and death of racing drivers and other motorsport people.


2010 in motorsport, Annual events
The calendar includes only annual major non-championship events or annual events that had significance separate from the championship. For the dates of the championship events see related season articles.


2010 in music
This topic covers notable events and articles related to 2010 in music.


2010 in organized crime
In 2010, a number of events have taken place in the organized crime world. On the very first day of the year reporter Jose Luis Romero was kidnapped for reporting on the Mexican Mafia. While investigating the kidnapping police man Jesus Escalante was killed. Due to the Mexican Drug War Mexico is one of the most active countries for organized crime activity. The Mexican Drug War is an armed conflict taking place between rival drug cartels and government forces in Mexico.


2010 in organized crime
Although Mexican drug cartels, or drug trafficking organizations, have existed for quite some time, they have become more powerful since the demise of Colombia's Cali and Medellín cartels in the 1990s. Mexican drug cartels now dominate the wholesale illicit drug market in the United States. Arrests of key cartel leaders, particularly in the Tijuana and Gulf cartels, have led to increasing drug violence as cartels fight for control of the trafficking routes into the United States.


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named jawless vertebrates
A member of Ctenaspidae. The type species is "Ctenaspis" obruchevi Dineley (1976); genus also includes "Ctenaspis" russelli Dineley (1976) and "Ctenaspis" ornata Dineley (1976).


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named jawless vertebrates
A member of Ctenaspidae. The type species is Z. meemannae.


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named placoderms
A member of Rhenanida. Genus includes new species D. remotus.


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named placoderms
A member of Antiarchi belonging to the group Asterolepidoidei. Genus includes new species M. meemannae.


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named cartilaginous fishes
A member of Elasmobranchii, possibly a heslerodid; a new genus for "Ctenacanthus" brevis Agassiz (1837).


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named cartilaginous fishes
A member of Symmoriiformes, possibly a member of Stethacanthidae; a species of Denaea.


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named cartilaginous fishes
A new genus for "Hybodus" rajkovichi (Case, 2001). Other species included in this genus are: "Hybodus" butleri (Thurmond, 1971), "Hybodus" montanensis (Case, 1978) and "Hybodus" novojerseyensis (Case and Cappetta, 2004).


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named cartilaginous fishes
Initially thought to be an eoptolamnid lamniform, subsequently assigned to Otodontidae. The type species is Paleogenotodus luypaertsi. Herman and Van Waes (2012) considered the genus Palaeogenotodus to be a synonym of the genus Otodus; the authors retained the type species P. luypaertsi as a distinct species within the genus Otodus.


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named cartilaginous fishes
The type species is Telodontaspis agassizensis. Newbrey et al. (2013) considered this genus to be a junior synonym of the genus Cretoxyrhina, though they maintained the species T. agassizensis as a separate species within the genus Cretoxyrhina.


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named cartilaginous fishes
An electric ray. The type species is "Narcine" molini Jaekel (1894).


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
A member of Congridae. The type species is Alaconger triquetrus; genus also contains A. eocaenicus (Sulc, 1932).


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
A relative of spinyfins. A new genus for "Otolithus (Ganoidarum)" dentatus Liebus (1927); genus might also contain "? Caproidarum" dockeryi Nolf & Stringer (1996).


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
A member of Sternoptychidae. The type species is Auriculithus pattersoni.


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
Initially classified as a member of Perciformes of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly a member of Percoidei; subsequently reinterpreted as a slimehead. The type species is Bannikovperca apula.


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
A member of Congridae. The type species is Bavariconger pollerspoecki.


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
Originally considered to be a lanternfish; subsequently only classified as a member of Myctophiformes of uncertain phylogenetic placement by Schwarzhans (2012). The type species is Bavariscopelus bispinosus; genus also contains "genus Apogonidarum" vetustus Nolf (2003).


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
A relative of spinyfins. The type species is Beauryia medialis; genus might also contain ? B. obovatus (Liebus, 1927) from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) of Carinthia.


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
A gigantic pachycormid fish, a new genus for "Portheus" gladius (Cope, 1873).


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
A rabbitfish. The type species is Caucasiganus eocaenicus from the Eocene of Russia; genus also includes second, unnamed species from the early Oligocene of Iran.


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
A member of Holocentridae. The type species is Holocentronotus percomorphus; genus also contains H. palasulcatus (Schwarzhans 1980), H. ventriosus (Schwarzhans 1980) and H. amplus (Schwarzhans 1980), all from the Eocene of New Zealand.


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
A member of Zeiformes of uncertain phylogenetic placement, related to the family Parazenidae. The type species is Isozen beateae; genus also contains "genus Zeiformorum" tyleri Nolf 2003 and "genus Zeiformorum" janni Schwarzhans (2003).


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
A member of Perciformes of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly a member of Percoidei. The type species is Johnsonperca annavaccarii.


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
A member of Osteoglossiformes of uncertain phylogenetic placement; a new genus for "genus ? Albulidarum" ensis Nolf & Dockery (1990).


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
Abkhazia Azerbaijan Czech Republic France Germany Hungary Poland Romania Russia Ukraine


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
A member of Percoidei. Genus includes "Smerdis" budensis Heckel (1856) and "Serranus" comparabilis Daniltshenko (1960). However, Prokofiev (2009) already established a new genus Oligoserranoides for these two species.


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
A relative of barbeled dragonfishes of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Palaeostomias praematurus.


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
A member of Acropomatidae related to members of the genus Parascombrops.


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
A relative of members of the family Holocentridae. The type species is Pfeilichthys pfeili.


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
A cichlid belonging to the tribe Heroini. The type species is P. chauliodus.


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
A member of Acropomatidae. The type species is Plesiopoma otiosa; genus also contains P. anhaltinus (Voigt, 1926), P. weinbergeri (Sieber & Weinfurter, 1967) and P. bilottei (Nolf, 2003).


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
A relative of members of the genus Pterothrissus. The type species is Pollerspoeckia siegsdorfensis; genus also contains  P. rotunda (Stinton, 1973) and P. bagassianus (Nolf, 2003).


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
A Polymixiidae. Assigned to the genus Cowetaichthys by Schwarzhans, Huddleston & Takeuchi (2018).


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
A lungfish, a new genus for "Ceratodus" guentheri (Marsh, 1878).


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
Originally described as a species of Pteralbula, but subsequently transferred to the genus Pterothrissus.


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
A member of Onychodontida. The type species is Q. yui.


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
A member of Congridae related to members of the genus Rhynchoconger.


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
A holodontid lungfish. The type species is "Holodipterus" longi Campbell & Barwick (1991).


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
A relative of members of the family Holocentridae. The type species is Sillaginocentrus alienus.


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
A relative of members of the family Holocentridae. The type species is Traubiella anagoformis.


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
A possible relative of ridgeheads. The type species is Traunichthys pfeili.


2010 in paleoichthyology, Fishes, Newly named bony fishes
A member of Perciformes belonging to the group Percoidei, a relative of Nardoichthys. The type species is Zorzinperca weverberghi.


2010 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2010.


2010 in paleontology, Molluscs, Newly named bivalves
Replacement name for Emiliania Sánchez, 1999 preoccupied by Emiliania  Hay & Mohler, 1967


2010 in paleontology, Amphibians, Newly named amphibians
A trematopid genus currently among the oldest known vertebrates with a primarily terrestrial lifestyle.


2010 in paleontology, Ichthyopterygians, Newly named ichthyopterygians
The most complete and stratigraphically oldest known ichthyosaur from the Cretaceous of North America.


2010 in paleontology, Ichthyopterygians, Newly named ichthyopterygians
A new genus for "Mixosaurus" panxianensis (Jiang, Schmitz, Hao & Sun, 2006).


2010 in paleontology, Lepidosauromorphs, Newly named plesiosaurs
A pliosaur, a new genus for "Plesiosaurus" victor (Fraas, 1910).


2010 in paleontology, Lepidosauromorphs, Newly named lizards
An anguimorph lizard. Herman and Van Den Eeckhaut (2010) consider it to be a species of Heloderma (though the authors define the genus Heloderma more broadly than most herpetologists, and explicitly synonymize the glyptosaurine genus Placosaurus with it).


2010 in paleontology, Lepidosauromorphs, Newly named snakes
A natricine colubrid snake. The type species is Micronatrix juliescottae.


2010 in paleontology, Turtles, Newly named turtles
A sea turtle. A new genus for "Euclastes" coahuilaensis (Brinkman et al., 2009).


2010 in paleontology, Turtles, Newly named turtles
A trionychid with unclear systematic position, a species of Trionyx sensu lato.


2010 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Newly named basal archosauromorphs
A drepanosaurid that is known from MBSN 25, a partial skeleton (Partial postcranial skeleton).


2010 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Newly named basal archosauromorphs
A rhynchosaur. A new genus for "Scaphonyx" sulcognathus (Azevedo & Schultz, 1987).


2010 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Newly named basal archosauromorphs
A basal drepanosauromorph that is known from MCSNB 4783, a set of vertebrae and hindlimbs.


2010 in paleontology, Other animals
An animal of uncertain phylogenetic placement; it might be a bryozoan or an octocoral. The type species is Pywackia baileyi.


2010 in paleontology, Footnotes, Complete author list
As science becomes more collaborative, papers with large numbers of authors are becoming more common. To prevent the deformation of the tables, these footnotes list the contributors to papers that erect new genera and have many authors.


2010 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


2010 in poetry, Works published in English
Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:


2010 in poetry, Works published in English, New Zealand, Poets in Best New Zealand Poems
Poems from these 25 poets were selected by Robyn Marsack for Best New Zealand Poems 2009, published online this year:


2010 in poetry, Works published in English, United States, Poets in The Best American Poetry 2010
These poets appeared in The Best American Poetry 2010, with David Lehman, general editor, and Amy Gerstler, guest editor (who selected the poetry):


2010 in poetry, Awards and honors, United States awards and honors, From the Poetry Society of Virginia Student Poetry Contest
2010 Student Poetry Contest Winners :: S-8 Category – Undergraduate College


2010 in poetry, Awards and honors, United States awards and honors, From the Poetry Society of Virginia Student Poetry Contest
2010 Student Poetry Contest Winners :: S-5 Category – Grades 9 & 10


2010 in poetry, Awards and honors, United States awards and honors, From the Poetry Society of Virginia Student Poetry Contest
2010 Student Poetry Contest Winners :: S-4 Category – Grades 7 & 8


2010 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


2010 in politics
These are some of the notable events relating to politics in 2010.


2010 in professional wrestling
2010 in professional wrestling describes the year's events in the world of professional wrestling.


2010 in professional wrestling, Calendar of notable shows, November
Since Orton won, Cena was fired. Had Barrett won, Cena would be free from Nexus


2010 in professional wrestling, Title changes, WWE
Raw and SmackDown each had a world championship, a secondary championship, and a women's championship, while the male tag team championship was shared across all the brands. ECW only had a world championship.


2010 in professional wrestling, Title changes, WWE
1   Both titles were independently active, but were collectively defended on any brand as the Unified WWE Tag Team Championship.


2010 in public domain
When a work's copyright expires, it enters the public domain. The following is a list of works that entered the public domain in 2010. Since laws vary globally, the copyright status of some works are not uniform.


2010 in public domain, Entered the public domain in countries with life + 70 years
With the exception of Belarus & Spain (which has a copyright term of Life + 80 years for creators that died before 1987), a work enters the public domain in Europe 70 years after the creator's death, if it was published during the creator's lifetime. The list is sorted alphabetically and includes a notable work of the creator that entered the public domain on January 1, 2010.


2010 in public domain, Entered the public domain in countries with life + 50 years
In most countries of Africa and Asia, as well as Belarus, Bolivia, Canada, New Zealand, Egypt and Uruguay; a work enters the public domain 50 years after the creator's death.


2010 in public domain, Entering the public domain in the United States
In the United States, the copyright status of works extends for the life of the author or artists, plus 70 years. If the work is owned by a corporation, then the copyright extends 95 years.


2010 in public domain, Entering the public domain in the United States
Due to the passing of the Copyright Term Extension Act (Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act) in 1998, no new works will enter the public domain in this jurisdiction until 2019.


2010 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 2010.


2010 in rock music
This article summarizes the events related to rock music for the year of 2010.


2010 in rugby league
Top-level rugby league in 2010 centered on Australasia's 2010 NRL season and Super League XV. High-profile representative competitions included the 2010 Four Nations (held in Australia and New Zealand), the 2010 State of Origin series and the 2010 European Cup.


2010 in rugby league, Other results
Other international fixture results include:16 October New Zealand 50 –  Samoa 6 (Test Match)16 October NZ Maori 18 – England 18 October 10 Scotland 22 – Wales 60 (European Cup)9 October France 58 – Ireland 24 (European Cup)6 October Wales 6 – Italy 15 October 3 England 18 – Cumbria 18 September 26 Papua New Guinea PM XIII 18 – Australian PM XIII 30 September 26 Italy 24 – Lebanon 16 September 24 Italy 8 – Lebanon 16 September 19 United States 20 – Canada 16 (Colonial Cup)18 September Ukraine 112 – Latvia 0 (European Shield)31 July Russia 54 – Latvia 4 (European Shield)28 July South Africa Students 0 – GB Community Lions 70 July 24 South Africa A 22 – GB Community Lions 42 July 17 Germany 96 – Czech Republic 0 (European Shield)3 July Almaty Academy 2 – GB Pioneers 60 (Pioneers Tour)3 July Serbia 40 – Germany 14 (European Shield)27 June Russia 52 – Ukraine 14 (European Shield)26 June Czech Republic 4 – Serbia 56 (European Shield)12 June England 60 – France 6 (Test Match)6 June BARLA Young Lions 44 – South Africa Under 21s 30 June 4 Malta 30 – Norway XIII 20 (European Bowl)4 June BARLA under 23's 46 – Ukraine Students 12 June 2 BARLA Young Lions 24 – South Africa Presidents 22 May 29 BARLA Young Lions 78 – South Africa Schools 0 May 26 BARLA Young Lions 76 – South Africa Junior Development 0 May 22 BARLA U19's 50 – South Africa 18 May 7 Australia 12 – New Zealand 8 (Anzac Test)


2010 in rugby union
Here are the match results of the 2010 Rugby union season. Qualifiers for the 2011 Rugby World Cup, meanwhile the Six Nations Championship and the Tri Nations are set for another season.


2010 in science
The year 2010 involved numerous significant scientific events and discoveries, some of which are listed below. The United Nations declared 2010 the International Year of Biodiversity.


2010 in spaceflight
The year 2010 in spaceflight saw a number of notable events in worldwide spaceflight activities. These included the first test flight of the SpaceX Dragon commercial resupply spacecraft, which is intended to resupply the International Space Station (ISS), and the maiden flights of the Falcon 9 and Minotaur IV rockets. In June 2010, South Korea conducted a second Naro-1 launch, after the failure of the rocket's maiden flight in 2009; however, the second attempt also failed. The Kosmos-3M was retired from service, making its final flight in April. The Molniya-M was also retired from service, making its final flight in September.


2010 in spaceflight, Overview
The first suborbital launch of 2010 was conducted at 23:00 GMT on 10 January, when a Black Brant IX sounding rocket was launched as a target for the Boeing YAL-1 airborne-laser platform. On 11 January, China conducted an ABM test, involving two missiles. The first orbital launch occurred at 16:12 UTC on 16 January, when a Long March 3C launched the Compass-G1 navigation satellite from the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre.


2010 in spaceflight, Overview
Seventy-four orbital launches were attempted in 2010, with seventy being successful and four ending in failure. The last orbital launch was made on 29 December, when an Ariane 5ECA launched the Hispasat-1E and Koreasat 6 spacecraft from Guiana Space Centre, near Kourou.


2010 in spaceflight, Space exploration
Akatsuki, the first Japanese mission to Venus, was launched on an H-IIA carrier rocket in May. It is intended to look for lightning and volcanoes on Venus. Despite a successful launch, the spacecraft failed to enter Cytherocentric orbit in December, but it managed to enter the orbit around Venus five years later in December 2015. IKAROS, the first operational solar sail, was launched on the same rocket as Akatsuki.


2010 in spaceflight, Space exploration
The first Japanese asteroid probe, Hayabusa, returned to Earth on 13 June, having landed on 25143 Itokawa in an effort to collect samples. It was also the world's first successful sample return mission from an asteroid.


2010 in spaceflight, Space exploration
On 1 October at 10:59:57 UTC, China successfully launched the Chang'e-2 spacecraft, the nation's second mission to explore the Moon. A Long March 3C rocket was used for the launch, which occurred from the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre. The spacecraft conducted a mission similar to that of the earlier Chang'e-1 spacecraft, but with a focus on mapping potential landing sites in preparation for the Chang'e-3 uncrewed lunar lander.


2010 in spaceflight, Crewed spaceflight
Seven crewed launches were planned for 2010, with three Space Shuttle missions and four Soyuz flights for International Space Station (ISS) crew rotation. STS-130, using orbiter Endeavour, was the first crewed flight of the year, launching on 8 February with the Tranquility node and Cupola for the ISS. On 5 April, Discovery launched on mission STS-131, with the Leonardo MPLM to resupply the outpost.


2010 in spaceflight, Crewed spaceflight
Soyuz TMA-18 launched the Expedition 23 crew to the ISS on 2 April; it was scheduled to spend around six months docked to the station to facilitate crew escape in an emergency. Shortly before, Soyuz TMA-16 undocked, transporting former ISS crewmembers back to Earth. On 14 May, Space Shuttle Atlantis launched on its second-to-last flight, STS-132, carrying the Rassvet module to the ISS. Soyuz TMA-19 launched with Expedition 24 on 15 June. Soyuz TMA-01M, the first flight of a modernised Soyuz-TMA spacecraft, launched on 8 October with the Expedition 25 crew for the ISS. Then, to end the year, Expedition 26 launched aboard Soyuz TMA-20 on 15 December.


2010 in spaceflight, Launch failures
Four orbital launch failures occurred in 2010, two affecting Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicles, one affecting a Naro-1 rocket, and one affecting a Proton rocket. The first occurred on 15 April, when the GSLV Mk.II launched on its maiden flight. The rocket's third stage malfunctioned, resulting in the stage, and the GSAT-4 satellite, failing to achieve orbit and falling into the sea. The second failure occurred during the second launch of the Naro-1 rocket, carrying the STSAT-2B spacecraft. The rocket exploded 137 seconds into the flight.


2010 in spaceflight, Launch failures
The third failure occurred on 5 December, when a Proton-M with the first Blok DM-03 upper stage failed to inject three Glonass-M satellites into orbit. Before launch, the Blok DM was fuelled incorrectly, resulting in the rocket being too heavy to reach its parking orbit. The fourth failure occurred on 25 December 2010, when a GSLV Mk. I exploded during the launch of GSAT-5P. The rocket was destroyed by range safety, after control of the liquid-fuelled boosters attached to the first stage was lost.


2010 in spaceflight, Orbital launch statistics, By country
For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. For example, Dnepr rockets are counted under Ukraine even though they are launched from Russia.


2010 in sports
2010 in sports will describe the year's events in world sport.


2010 in sports, Events by month, May
30: IndyCar Series, USA 2010 Indianapolis 500 Winner: Dario Franchitti


2010 in sports, Baseball, July
George Steinbrenner owner of the New York Yankees dies of a heart attack at St. Joseph's Hospital in Tampa Bay, Florida.


2010 in sports, Mixed martial arts
The following is a list of major noteworthy MMA events by month.


2010 in sports, Mixed martial arts
12/4 – The Ultimate Fighter 12 Finale aka The Ultimate Fighter: Team GSP vs. Team Koscheck Finale


2010 in sports, Mixed martial arts
12/4 – Strikeforce: St. Louis aka Strikeforce: Henderson vs. Babalu II


2010 in sports, Mixed martial arts
12/16 – WEC 53: Henderson vs. Pettis (Last WEC event)


2010 in sumo
The following are the events in professional sumo during 2010.


2010 in swimming
2010 in swimming documents the highlights of competitive international swimming during 2010.


2010 in tennis
This page covers all the important events in the sport of tennis in 2010. Primarily, it provides the results of notable tournaments throughout the year on both the ATP and WTA Tours, the Davis Cup, and the Fed Cup.


2010 in the British Virgin Islands
Events from the year 2010 in the British Virgin Islands.


2010 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
The following lists events that happened during 2010 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.


2010 in the European Union, European Capitals of Culture
The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union for a period of one calendar year, during which it organises a series of cultural events with a strong European dimension.


2010 in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
The following lists events that happened during 2010 in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.


2010 in the Netherlands
This article lists some of the events that took place in the Netherlands in 2010.


2010 in the Netherlands, Events, March
24: Former SS member Heinrich Boere is sentenced to a lifetime imprisonment for his involvement in the assassination 3 Dutch citizens during World War II.


2010 in the Netherlands, Events, August
1:  Operation Task Force Uruzgan ends in Afghanistan and is succeeded by coalition partners.


2010 in the Philippines
2010 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in 2010.


2010 in the Philippines, Music
This includes music albums of all kinds released this year, concerts and formations (band or new singers).


2010 in the Philippines, National holidays
Holidays in italics are "special days", while those in regular type are "regular holidays".


2010 in the Philippines, National holidays
In addition, several other places observe local holidays, such as the foundation of their town. These are also "special days".


2010 in the United Arab Emirates
The following lists events that happened during 2010 in the United Arab Emirates.


2010 in the environment
This is a list of notable events relating to the environment in 2010. They relate to environmental law, conservation, environmentalism and environmental issues.


2010 in the sport of athletics
In 2010 there was no obvious, primary athletics championship, as neither the Summer Olympics nor the World Championships in Athletics occurred in the year. The foremost championships to be held in 2010 included: the 2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships, 2010 European Athletics Championships, 2010 African Championships in Athletics, and Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games.


2010 in the sport of athletics
Two major competitions debuted in new formats. The IAAF Diamond League – a worldwide expansion on the European-centred IAAF Golden League concept – saw a schedule of fourteen one-day meetings with some of the sport's most prominent athletes centrally contracted to a track and field series for the first time. The second competition was the renamed IAAF Continental Cup (formerly World Cup) which had its format simplified: previously a contest between several countries and continents, it comprised only four teams (Africa, the Americas, Europe and Asia/Oceania).


2010 in the sport of athletics, Doping
The highest profile doping case in 2010 was that of 400 m Olympic and World Champion LaShawn Merritt. He failed three out-of-competition tests in October and December 2009, and January 2010, testing positive for Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on each occasion. He claimed that he had inadvertently ingested the substance via an over the counter sex enhancement drug he was using at the time (ExtenZe). Initially set for a two-year ban, he received a reduced 21-month suspension from October 2010 to July 2012 as a result of his co-operation with anti-doping authorities. However, the seriousness of the doping substance meant he was automatically banned from defending his title at the 2012 London Olympics.


2010 in the sport of athletics, Doping
A major investigation by the Guardia Civil into doping in Spain, known as Operación Galgo, began in April 2010 and made headline news in December following a number of arrests. Marta Domínguez, world steeplechase champion and vice president of the Spanish Athletics Federation, was implicated in the blood doping ring. Manuel Pascua Piqueras, coach to a number of prominent runners, admitted to doping his athletes, while Alemayehu Bezabeh (the 2009 European Cross Country Champion) admitted to using banned substances.


2010 in the sport of athletics, Doping
Olympic champion Shelly-Ann Fraser received a six-month ban after a positive test for pain relief narcotic oxycodone at the Shanghai Diamond League meeting. Her coach Stephen Francis, who had the painkiller on prescription for his kidney stones, gave the banned substance to his athlete to relieve her toothache.


2010 in the sport of athletics, Doping
Another sprinter Laverne Jones-Ferrette ran the fastest 60 metres in a decade in February, but was absent from outdoor competition in 2010. This was later explained by the revelation that she had failed a drug test for clomiphene on February 16. The substance can be used as a complement to steroid cycles, but can also act as a fertility drug and Jones-Ferrette (who announced her pregnancy in November) claimed this was the intended usage. She was banned from competition for six months, lasting from April to September, and lost her silver medal from the World Indoor Championships. Bobby-Gaye Wilkins won a relay medal for Jamaica at the same championships, but she was also stripped of her medal after testing positive for andarine – a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM).


2010 in the sport of athletics, Doping
A series of athletes were disqualified from the 2010 Commonwealth Games in New Delhi as a result of in-competition testing. Nigerians Samuel Okon and Oludamola Osayomi (the 100 m gold medallist) were banned for using the stimulant methylhexanamine. A third Nigerian, Folashade Abugan who won silver medals in the 400 m individual and relay races, failed a drug test for traces of testosterone prohormone and was stripped of her honours Indian racewalker Rani Yadav was also banned after testing positive for 19-Norandrosterone.


2010 in the sport of athletics, Doping
Retired American sprinters Ramon Clay and Crystal Cox received retrospective bans from the United States Anti- Doping Agency due to their steroid usage relating to the BALCO scandal period from 2001 to 2004. Cox was stripped of her Olympic relay gold medal as a result. Former Jamaican runner Raymond Stewart was given a life ban from coaching for trafficking and administering banned substances as part of an ongoing investigation. Olympic Bahraini sprinter Roqaya Al-Gassra was banned for two years. Other prominent athletes to receive suspensions included South American triple jump champion Johana Triviño (two years for stanozolol), Asian indoor champion Munira Saleh (life ban for second violation with stanozolol), and 2010 CAC Games medallist Zudikey Rodríguez (methylhexanamine).


2010 in the sport of athletics, Further reading
Annual season reviews from IAAF by A. Lennart Julin and Mirko Jalava:


2010 in video games
Numerous video games were released in 2010. Many awards went to games such as Red Dead Redemption, Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood, Mass Effect 2, God of War III and Super Mario Galaxy 2. Kinect from Microsoft Game Studios for the Xbox 360 was also released this year.


2010 in video games, Critically acclaimed titles
Metacritic (MC) and GameRankings (GR) are aggregators of video game journalism reviews.


2010 in video games, Console releases
The list of game consoles released in 2010 in North America.


2010 in video games, Series with new entries
Series with new installments in 2010 include Ace Attorney, Alien vs. Predator, Army of Two, Assassin's Creed, Battlefield, BioShock, Call of Duty, Castlevania, Civilization, Crackdown, Donkey Kong, Darksiders,  Dead Rising, Fable, Fallout, God of War, Gran Turismo, Grand Theft Auto, Halo, Just Cause, Kane and Lynch, Lost Planet, Mafia, Mass Effect, Medal of Honor, Mega Man, Metroid, Need for Speed, Pokémon, Prince of Persia, Red Dead, Red Steel, Resident Evil, Skate, StarCraft, Star Wars: The Force Unleashed, Super Mario, Super Monkey Ball, Tom Clancy's H.A.W.X, Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell and Total War.


2010 in video games, Series with new entries
In addition, 2010 saw the introduction of several new properties, including Alan Wake, Darksiders, Deadly Premonition, Heavy Rain, and Metro.


2010 in video games, Game releases
The list of games released in 2010 in North America.


2010 in weightlifting
This article lists the main weightlifting events and their results for 2010.


2010 in women's ice hockey
The following are the women's ice hockey events of the year 2010 throughout the world.


2010 local electoral calendar
This local electoral calendar for the year 2010 lists the subnational elections held in 2010 in the de jure and de facto sovereign states. By-elections and sub-national referendums are also included.


2010 national electoral calendar
This national electoral calendar for the year 2010 lists the national/federal direct elections held in 2010 in all sovereign states and their dependent territories. Referendums are included, even though they are not elections. By-elections are not included.


2010 national road cycling championships
The 2010 national road cycling championships began in January in Australia and New Zealand. Most of the European national championships take place in June.


2010 national road cycling championships, Jerseys
The winner of each national championship wears the national jersey in all their races for the next year in the respective discipline, apart from the World Championships, or unless they are wearing a category leader's jersey in a stage race. Most national champion jerseys tend to represent a country's flag or use the colours from it. Jerseys may also feature traditional sporting colours of a country that not derived from a national flag, such as the National colours of Australia on the jerseys of Australian national champions.


2010 political crisis in Kosovo
The 2010 political crisis in Kosovo started when the  Constitutional Court of Kosovo stated that the President of Kosovo Fatmir Sejdiu was violating the Constitution of Kosovo, because he was both president of the Republic of Kosovo and also leader of the Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK). This resulted in Sejdiu stepping down as president on September 27. A new election was announced for December 12, 2010. Jakup Krasniqi became the acting president of Kosovo until the election.


2010 political crisis in Kosovo, Early developments
On 9 January 2008, Sejdiu resigned from his position as President of Kosovo to run again in the following elections held the same day. This would allow him to start a completely new term with the inauguration of the new legislature, given that there are no term limits established by the Constitution Framework. He received 68 votes out of 81 needed for his election after a third round of parliamentary vote, when a simple majority of 61 votes is required for the election of the president and regained the position.


2010 political crisis in Kosovo, Early developments
His opponent, Naim Maloku of the Alliance for the Future of Kosovo (AAK), running with the support of three minor parties, obtained 37 votes in the first round. Sejdiu received one vote less in the second round, while 37 deputies chose Maloku. Sejdiu was elected in the third round of voting later on the same day.


2010 political crisis in Kosovo, Stepping down
On 27 September 2010, Sejdiu stepped down from the post of president of the Republic of Kosovo. Prior to his resignation, the Constitutional Court of Kosovo stated that Fatmir Sejdiu was violating the Constitution of Kosovo, because he was both president of the Republic of Kosovo and also leader of the Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK).


2010 reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada
The table below lists the decisions (known as reasons) delivered from the bench by the Supreme Court of Canada during 2010. The table illustrates what reasons were filed by each justice in each case, and which justices joined each reason. This list, however, does not include reasons on motions.


2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies
The Constitutional Council of France approved the redistricting of electoral boundaries in February 2010 to reflect France's changing demographics. The population ratio between the most populated and least populated constituencies was reduced from the 1986 redistricting results of 1:3.6 to 1:2. In effect, the number of seats increased in areas held by the centre-right coalition led by Union for a Popular Movement at the expense of the Socialist-led centre-left coalition. The 2010 redistricting process not only brought down the rule of two deputies per department to one, it also created eleven constituencies for French residents overseas.


2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies, Demographic differences
After the redistricting effort of 1986, the 577 constituencies of the National Assembly of France were distributed among the departments of France. Constituencies were divided in proportion to their population, based on 1986 census figures, each consisted of roughly 108,000 inhabitants. In theory, the number of total constituencies located within a department is supposed to be proportional to the larger population within that department compared to the total population of France. In total, there are 101 departments, which are grouped into 22 metropolitan and five overseas regions.


2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies, Demographic differences
However, using French Republican tradition, each department had to have at least two constituencies regardless of population. This, however, distorted the proportionality of national representation, with 23 departments being under-represented (including five of the "two deputies" departments) and 28 departments over-represented. Effectively, 51 out of 101 departments were poorly represented based on the results of the then-most recent census.


2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies, Demographic differences
A review of electoral boundaries will be conducted, based on demographic changes, after the second general census of the population following the previous border definition.


2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies, Demographic differences
For instance, judging by representation in the National Assembly, the vote of someone in Lozère was worth more than three times the vote of someone in Bouches-du-Rhône; three votes in Saône-et-Loire were worth five votes in Réunion; and three votes in Moselle were equivalent to five Haute-Garonne. The 25 most populous departments – which together held more than 50% of the French population – had one deputy in the National Assembly for every 114,512 inhabitants, while the 25 least populated departments had one deputy for every 80,220 inhabitants.


2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies, Demographic differences
This results in a ratio between the most and the least populated of 143 to 100, or, five residents for the smaller departments are worth seven resident in the major departments. The situation was exacerbated by demographic trends in the 1990s and their resulting disparities within departments. Notably, in the Var, the population of the 1st constituency (the southern city of Toulon) was 73,946 inhabitants while that of the 6th constituency (Brignoles) was 180,153 inhabitants, resulting in a ratio of 1 to 2.44. These causes result in the most extreme expression of representational inequality, where the votes of two people living in the least-populated constituency of France (excluding overseas France), Lozère's 2nd constituency, weigh as much as eleven people in the most populous constituency, Val-d'Oise's 2nd constituency.


2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies, Demographic differences
In observations made in May 2003 regarding the 2002 parliamentary elections as well as in July 2005 relating the presidential and parliamentary elections of 2007, the Constitutional Council highlighted the need to reshape electoral constituencies to better align with the principle of equal suffrage. The Council found disparities in representation resulting from the boundaries that were adopted in 1986 on the basis of population figures from the census of 1982.


2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies, Demographic differences
According to the Council, the constituencies were "incompatible with the combined clauses of Article 6 of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789 and Articles 3 and 24 of the Constitution of France," even though two national censuses took place in 1990 and 1999. However, the successive governments of Lionel Jospin, Jean-Pierre Raffarin, Dominique de Villepin and François Fillon did not alter electoral boundaries, despite the legal requirement of Law No. 86-825 as well as the recommendations of the Constitutional Council of France.


2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies, Demographic differences
Thus, even the French legislative elections of 2007 used conscriptions defined based on the results of the 1982 census and had not incorporated the changes in population occurring in the intervening 25 years. The 2008 election of senators used the same 1982 population numbers, but the impact is not as pronounced in the French Senate (Sénat), as its function is to represent local governments and not the population as a whole.


2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies, 2005 report on redistricting
In March 2005, Interior Minister Dominique de Villepin formed a working group in order to assess the legal impact carrying out a redistricting of legislative districts and townships and to define a method that whereby any redistricting would be conducted in compliance with three legal requirements of "neutrality, transparency and fairness." Three months later, State Councillor Pierre Bordry issued his report to Dominique de Villepin - then the prime minister - and the new Interior Minister, Nicolas Sarkozy.


2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies, 2005 report on redistricting
However, due to the very sensitive political nature of redistricting, neither de Villepin nor Sarkozy wanted to take the risk of subjecting the changing of constituencies borders to political wrangling ahead of the 2007 legislative elections. In fact, the former president of the Constitutional Council, Pierre Mazeaud, even threatened to void the elections results of the constituencies that would be changed.


2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies, 2005 report on redistricting
The combination of differences between districts and the disparity of representation between départments makes the risk of seeing one minority party or a minority coalition party gather a majority of seats in the National Assembly less theoretical and more of a reality.


2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies, 2005 report on redistricting
After the 2002 legislative elections, the Constitutional Council pointed out that since 1986, two national censuses occurred in 1990 and 1999 and disparities in representation were revealed that contradicted the constitutional principle that the National Assembly should be elected on the basis of population proportion. Also, the electoral law of 1986 specified that the population differences between districts should not result that a constituency is more than 20% of the average population of districts of the départment. But the report noted that, based on the 1999 national census, 25 districts had a difference of more than 20%. A total of 41 départments (both in the Métropole and overseas) were affected by "major imbalances" between districts.


2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies, 2005 report on redistricting
The electoral law of 1986 specifies that the population differences between districts shall in no case result that a constituency is more than 20% of the average population of districts of the department. But the report noted that, based on the 1999 national census, 25 districts had a difference of more than 20%. The report proposed maintaining the number of constituencies at 577, but this time select a target maximum of 10% deviation in population in relation to the departmental average.


2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies, 2005 report on redistricting
According to the method of distribution segments of the population, a parliamentary seat would be awarded for every 116,200 inhabitants instead of for every 108,000 inhabitants, as was the case in the 1986 redistricting. However, the report did not assess the current law that a départment cannot have less than two members.


2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies, Creating the commission
In 2008, at the behest of President Nicolas Sarkozy, Alain Marleix initiated a plan to redraw French constituencies in order to replace the previous constituency map from 1986. (Marliex was also put in charge of the overall redefinition of boundary delimitation for the elections to the Assemblée Nationale.) In July 2008, the government launched the formal effort to redistrict the constituencies, with Prime Minister François Fillon consulting the representatives of political parties in Parliament, and presented a bill to the Cabinet on September 24.


2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies, Creating the commission
In accordance with French law, distribution of constituencies should respect the principle of population equality between departments in Metropolitan France, overseas French territories, and French citizens abroad. Thus, the previous proportioning of 108,000 inhabitants per constituency in 1986 consideration was raised to 125,000 inhabitants per constituency. The principle of territorial contiguity of constituencies was retained (except for a few enclaves), as well as the contiguity of cantons and communes.


2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies, Creating the commission
The changing of constituencies was planned by order of the Interior Ministry and was controlled by an ad hoc committee composed of one person appointed by the French President, a one-person appointed by the President of the National Assembly, one person appointed by the President of the Senate, and three judges. All had to first be approved by the Committees of Laws (Commissions des lois) of the National Assembly and Senate.


2010 student protest in Dublin
The 2010 student protest in Dublin was a demonstration that took place in the centre of the city on 3 November 2010 in opposition to a proposed increase in university registration fees, further cuts to the student maintenance grant and increasing graduate unemployment and emigration levels caused by the 28th Government of Ireland.


2010 student protest in Dublin
Organized by the Union of Students in Ireland (USI) and students unions nationwide, it saw between 25,000 and 40,000 protesters on the streets of central Dublin during what The Irish Times described as "the largest student protest for a generation". The protestors came from all over Ireland – students from most third-level colleges featured, as did some protestors from Queen's University Belfast – with many travelling to the city by coach. It took more than an hour and a half for all the protestors to walk from Parnell Square to Government Buildings in Merrion Street, a short distance.


2010 student protest in Dublin
Some protestors and gardaí engaged in clashes following the protest, with an unidentified number of people being wounded and three gardaí sustaining minor injuries; two arrests were made. The two men who were arrested were in their twenties and charged with criminal damage and a breach of the peace respectively. The Department of Finance was occupied by protestors for a time, and 36 complaints of police brutality were made of which just over half were admitted; these led to a further march by students seven days later with the intention to "end garda brutality".


2010 student protest in Dublin
Presseurop wondered the day after thousands of students marched on the streets of Dublin: "Has Ireland awoken?" and said the protest had "Giv[en] the lie to general opinion that the economically stricken nation has taken swingeing austerity measures with passive resignation". "Scenes bizarrely similar" occurred in London one week later.


2010 student protest in Dublin, Background
The BBC's Ireland Correspondent Mark Simpson noted that most demonstrations in Ireland had been "angry rather than violent". One example he alluded to occurred two days before students demonstrated when Minister for Health and Children Mary Harney was successfully pelted with red paint by an opposition politician in a protest intended to highlight the "blood budget" which "will result in the unnecessary and avoidable deaths of hundreds, if not thousands, of people over the coming years"; this incident occurred while she was attempting to open a mental healthcare facility in Dublin. But Simpson also wrote that "It is unlikely that their [students] demonstration will make any difference. [ ...] They [the Irish government] will be hoping that young people will eventually accept [that Ireland has no money]. After all, most students know what it feels like to be broke".


2010 student protest in Dublin, March and further events
According to The Irish Times, the protest was "powerful, uplifting – and very peaceful". It commenced from Parnell Square at 13:00. T-shirts bearing slogans such as "Education not Emigration" were worn by many protestors. Students from Queen's University Belfast joined their counterparts on the streets of Dublin for the protest in return for support given to their own protest at Stormont two days earlier. Forty minutes later, some protestors left the march route at Nassau Street and approached Dáil Éireann's front gates on Kildare Street. Some scaled poles and items were thrown through the gates. March organisers sent them back to the main protest.


2010 student protest in Dublin, March and further events
Several dozen protestors entered the Department of Finance's lobby at 15:00 and commenced occupation. Authorities removed some and barricaded the remainder inside. More students gathered outside the entrance where authorities lined up to separate them from those inside the building, while horses and vans were deployed to split those outside into two. A sit-down protest ensued among those who were outside. Riot police arrived on the scene and authorities removed the rest of the protestors still inside the building, some of whom had "evidence of a beating on their faces" (The Irish Times). Riot police then forced those outside to move backwards, eventually charging at them followed by horses and dogs until they reached the Shelbourne Hotel. A second charge by the authorities forced those in the vicinity back to Anglo Irish Bank.


2010 student protest in Dublin, March and further events
Many of those left outside the Department of Finance then joined a peaceful sit-down protest which was occurring outside Dáil Éireann. Free Education for Everyone then organised a march to Pearse Street garda station, thought to be the destination of those who had been arrested. They collected there and demanded the release of anyone who had been arrested.


2010 student protest in Dublin, Complaints of police brutality
Two female protesters were reported to have been pulled out of the Department of Finance "by their ankles" and one by her hair. One bespectacled male student was trampled upon by a horse. A female was kicked and knocked to the ground by a horse. Another who said she was engaging in a peaceful protest was told by police to "get the fuck off the street" before being batoned. A male sitting peacefully on the ground with his hands out was reported to have been "rammed" by four garda horses. Blood and facial injuries were a common sight.


2010 student protest in Dublin, Complaints of police brutality
After viewing video footage of the disorder MEP Joe Higgins said: "The use of Garda horses and dogs against student protesters in Dublin on Wednesday is an outrageous abuse of the right to protest. The intention was clearly to intimidate peaceful protesters and it is an utter scandal. They should never again be used against protesters".


2010 student protest in Dublin, Complaints of police brutality
These events led to numerous complaints about police brutality being sent to the Garda Síochána Ombudsman Commission (GSOC). Within days the number of complaints had more than doubled. Video footage taken by witnesses was to be examined.


2010 student protest in Dublin, Complaints of police brutality
On 10 November, hundreds of students marched through Dublin again, this time before the banner "END GARDA BRUTALITY". The Irish Times stated that "While members of the Socialist Worker Student Society and the 32 County Sovereignty Movement were present at last night’s protest, they made up only a small proportion of the crowd". Among the protestors was Vanessa O'Sullivan, video footage of whom unconscious was broadcast on YouTube and RTÉ. She told the crowd: "This day last week I was knocked unconscious by a gárda... All I am guilty of is walking inside a public building and sitting down".


2010 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States
The 2010 term of the Supreme Court of the United States began October 4, 2010, and concluded October 1, 2011. The table illustrates which opinion was filed by each justice in each case and which justices joined each opinion.


2010 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, 2010 term membership and statistics
This was the sixth term of Chief Justice Roberts' tenure, and the first term for Justice Kagan.


2010 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States
The Supreme Court of the United States handed down ten per curiam opinions during its 2010 term, which began October 4, 2010 and concluded October 1, 2011.


2010 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States
Because per curiam decisions are issued from the Court as an institution, these opinions all lack the attribution of authorship or joining votes to specific justices. All justices on the Court at the time the decision was handed down are assumed to have participated and concurred unless otherwise noted.


2010 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Court membership
Associate Justices: Antonin Scalia, Anthony Kennedy, Clarence Thomas, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Stephen Breyer, Samuel Alito, Sonia Sotomayor, Elena Kagan


2010 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Wilson v. Corcoran
562 U.S. 1 Decided November 8, 2010. Seventh Circuit vacated and remanded.


2010 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Wilson v. Corcoran
In 1997, a jury found Joseph Corcoran guilty of murdering four men and he was sentenced to death. The trial court included three factors in its justification of the sentence: the innocence of those killed, the heinousness of the crime, and his potential to commit these crimes in the future. The Indiana Supreme Court vacated this sentence on the basis that these three factors are not admissible in a sentencing decision under Indiana law. In response, the trial court stated that it did not rely on these factors in its sentence, whereupon the Indiana Supreme Court finally affirmed the sentence.


2010 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Wilson v. Corcoran
Corcoran filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus in federal court, which the District Court granted based on one of his claims without discussing the others. The Seventh Circuit reversed and directed the District Court upon remand to deny the writ, without permitting it to review the other claims and without explaining why those claims should not be considered. The Supreme Court vacated that decision in Corcoran v. Levenhagen, 558 U.S. 1 (2009), explaining that it was error for the Seventh Circuit to dispose of the petitioner's other claims without any explanation. On remand, the Seventh Circuit now granted habeas relief to Corcoran, indicating that the state courts should reconsider its sentence in order to comply with state law.


2010 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Wilson v. Corcoran
The Supreme Court vacated the Seventh Circuit's ruling. The Court ruled that Federal courts may only grant a writ of habeas corpus if a violation of federal law is found. Federal courts may not grant habeas relief if, instead, the only issue raised is a potential violation of state law.


2010 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Madison County v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York
562 U.S. 42 Decided January 10, 2011. Second Circuit vacated and remanded.


2010 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Madison County v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York
The case involved the issue of whether tribal sovereign immunity protected the Oneida Indian Nation against foreclosure by local taxing authorities to enforce due property taxes. After the Supreme Court granted certiorari, the tribe passed a tribal declaration and ordinance waiving its immunity against tax enforcement. The Supreme Court then vacated and remanded for the Second Circuit to consider the effect of this new development.


2010 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Swarthout v. Cooke
562 U.S. 216 Decided January 24, 2011. Ninth Circuit reversed.


2010 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Felkner v. Jackson
562 U.S. 594 Decided March 21, 2011. Ninth Circuit reversed and remanded.


2010 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Felkner v. Jackson
A California jury convicted Steven Frank Jackson of numerous sexual offenses. Jackson raised a Batson claim, because two of three black prospective jurors had been struck. The prosecutor's race-neutral explanations for the exclusion were accepted by the California Court of Appeal, and the California Supreme Court denied Jackson's petition for review.


2010 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Felkner v. Jackson
Jackson sought federal habeas relief. The Federal District Court found that the state courts' decisions were not unreasonable and denied Jackson's petition, but was reversed by the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in a three-paragraph memorandum opinion, without discussing any facts or reasoning of the three courts that had rejected Jackson's claim.


2010 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Felkner v. Jackson
The Supreme Court reversed the Ninth Circuit Court's decision, noting that "On federal habeas review, AEDPA 'imposes a highly deferential standard for evaluating state-court rulings' and 'demands that state-court decisions be given the benefit of the doubt.'" Moreover, "The state appellate court’s decision was plainly not unreasonable. There was simply no basis for the Ninth Circuit to reach the opposite conclusion, particularly in such a dismissive manner."


2010 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Bobby v. Mitts
563 U.S. 395 Decided May 2, 2011. Sixth Circuit reversed.


2010 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, United States v. Juvenile Male
564 U.S. 932 Decided June 27, 2011. Ninth Circuit vacated and remanded.


2010 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, United States v. Juvenile Male
The Court vacated the Ninth Circuit's judgment, because the case had become moot and the lower court, therefore, lacked constitutional authority under Article III to decide the case on the merits.


2010 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, United States v. Juvenile Male
Justices Ginsburg, Breyer, and Sotomayor noted without separate opinion that they would remand the case to the Ninth Circuit for that court’s consideration of mootness in the first instance. Kagan did not participate in the consideration or decision of the case.


2010 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Leal Garcia v. Texas
564 U.S. 940 Decided July 7, 2011. Applications for stay of execution and petition for a writ of habeas corpus denied.


2010 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Leal Garcia v. Texas
The Court denied applications for a stay of execution of Humberto Leal Garcia, a Mexican national who argued that his conviction and death sentence in Texas violated the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations.


2010 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Leal Garcia v. Texas
Breyer filed a dissent, joined by Ginsburg, Sotomayor, and Kagan.


2010 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Leal Garcia v. Texas
Leal Garcia was executed on July 7, 2011 as scheduled.


2010 timeline of the Somali Civil War
This is a 2010 timeline of events in the Somali Civil War (2009–present).


2010 timeline of the Somali Civil War, January
The Battle of Beledweyne began when Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a forces attacked and captured East Beledweyne which was being held by the Hizbul Islam insurgent group. It became the first battle in months were al-Shabaab and Hizbul Islam groups cooperated against the TFG.


2010 timeline of the Somali Civil War, January
UPI reports that five are killed, and seven wounded in inter-factional fighting in Hiiraan region in central Somalia, near the town of Beledweyn . A report from Shabelle Radio reports "heavy clashes between the fighters of Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a and the allied fighters of Harakat al-Shabaab erupted near the Somali city at the village of Elgal Monday night." January 27UPI reports that inter-factional fighting has broken out in Galguduud region between al-Shabaab and Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a militants.


2010 timeline of the Somali Civil War, January
The Associated Press is reporting that fighting has broken out in Mogadishu between AU troops and Al-Shabaab, calling it the heaviest fighting in the Somali capital in months. The attack takes place shortly before TFG President Sheikh Sharif Ahmed reaches the first year mark in his presidency.


2010 timeline of the Somali Civil War, February
At least nine people have been killed and 14 others wounded in heavy shelling in Somalia's capital, Mogadishu, according to a human rights group. The clashes began late Sunday and continued into Monday morning, said the Elman Peace and Human Rights Organization, a group based in the city.


2010 timeline of the Somali Civil War, February
Islamists attempted to pre-emptively strike the TFG before the beginning of a major TFG offensive. At least 16 civilians are dead due to African Union shelling.


2010 timeline of the Somali Civil War, May
UPI reports that 30 people were killed in 2 bomb blasts at mosques in Mogadishu, reportedly targeting "Fuad Mohamed Khalaf, a high-ranking member of the al-Shabab militia". Reports from the BBC and UPI suggest that the dead were mostly worshippers. Later reports indicate that 39 people were killed, and relief agencies suggest that the bombing was caused by inter-factional fighting within al-Shebaab.


2010 timeline of the Somali Civil War, May
The battle was prompted by Ethiopian troops seizing a truck belonging to the Dulbahante, sparking a Dulbahante response and Ethiopian retaliatory attack on Boohuudle and a Somaliland attack upon WidhWidh. 3 Ethiopians and 10 members of the Northern Somali Unionist Movement were killed in battle.


2010 timeline of the Somali Civil War, May
Twenty people killed, and sixty wounded, mostly civilians caught in the crossfire between TFG forces and Islamist fighters in Mogadishu's "open-air Baraka Market". Shelling had begun the day before, when the parliament of the TFG opened its session.


2010 timeline of the Somali Civil War, May
UPI reports that al-Shabaab militants "seized several districts of... Mogadishu" and had begun shelling the Somali presidential palace. UPI suggests that the TFG is "barely functioning" and that prior to the gains by al-Shebaab, only "controlled a section of the coastal city around the presidential seat, the airport and the harbor". The President of Djibouti, speaking in New York, suggested that the TFG may not survive the escalating conflict, with members of the TFG already blaming each other for mistakes in the handling of the conflict. Al-Shebaab released a statement saying ""We have driven out the government from the north of Mogadishu. Now our next step is to capture the palace."


2010 timeline of the Somali Civil War, June
CNN and the BBC are reporting that another twenty people are dead and another 55 are wounded in continued fighting in Mogadishu between TFG forces and al-Shabaab. According to government officials and General Ahmed Ibrahim, TFG forces advanced further into Islamist territory, taking back several neighbourhoods previously held by al-Shabaab. BBC Africa analyst Richard Hamilton suggested that this could signal a "reversal of fortune" for the TFG.


2010 timeline of the Somali Civil War, August
In response to an increase in African Union troops, al-Shabaab mounted an offensive on Mogadishu, beginning on 23 August with an attack on army barracks in several urban districts. The next day, al-Shabaab launched an attack on the Muna Hotel, a hotel in Mogadishu popular with prominent government officials. As of 24 August, at least 30 people were killed in the attack, including 11 Somali MPs.


2010 timeline of the Somali Civil War, October
In their attempts to curb Al-Shabaab's advance across the region, forces loyal to the TFG attacked the militant-controlled town of Bulo Hawo, lying on the Somalia-Ethiopian border. The government troops were backed by the Sufi alliance Ahlu Sunnah Wal Jama, and together successfully recaptured the city. Initial reports indicate that 11 al-Shabaab fighters and 1 government soldier died in the battle. Continued fighting has also been reported in the city of Beledweyne.


2010 timeline of the Somali Civil War, October
On October 21, the African Union appealed to the United Nations for an air and naval blockade of Somalia. The AU Commissioner for Peace and Security Ramtane Lamamra insisted that such an action was necessary to curb the flow of weapons to al-Shabaab and other Islamist militants in the region, and also called for a total of 20,000 AU peacekeepers to be deployed to Somalia, up from the current deployment of 8,000 peacekeepers. Security Council President Ruhakana Rugunda called the requests "legitimate", and Uganda has thrown its support behind the proposal for a larger security force.


2010 transatlantic aircraft bomb plot
On October 29, 2010, two packages, each containing a bomb consisting of 300 to 400 grams (11–14 oz) of plastic explosives and a detonating mechanism, were found on separate cargo planes. The bombs were discovered as a result of intelligence received from Saudi Arabia's security chief. They were bound from Yemen to the United States, and were discovered at en route stop-overs, one at East Midlands Airport in the UK and one in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates.


2010 transatlantic aircraft bomb plot
One week later, al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) took responsibility for the plot, and for the crash of UPS Airlines Flight 6. U.S. and British authorities believed Anwar al-Awlaki of AQAP was behind the bombing attempts, and that the bombs were most likely constructed by AQAP's main explosives expert, Ibrahim Hassan al-Asiri. The bombs were probably designed to detonate mid-air, with the intention of destroying both planes over Chicago or another city in the U.S. Each bomb had already been transported on passenger and cargo planes at the time of discovery.


2010 transatlantic aircraft bomb plot, Locating the bombs
On October 28, Saudi Arabia's Deputy Interior Minister in charge of Counter-terrorism, Prince Mohammed bin Nayef, called John Brennan, the U.S. Deputy National Security Advisor for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism and former Central Intelligence Agency station chief in Riyadh to warn him of the plot. The Saudis provided the U.S. and Germany with the tracking numbers and destinations of the packages, and told them to look for toner cartridges. The packages had been dropped off by a woman at FedEx and UPS offices in Sana'a, Yemen, on October 27, and were scheduled to arrive in Chicago on November 1.


2010 transatlantic aircraft bomb plot, Locating the bombs
Saudi Arabia had reportedly learned of the plot through Jabir Jubran Al Fayfi, a former Guantánamo Bay detention camp inmate who had been handed over to Saudi Arabia for rehabilitation in 2006. Al-Faifi had escaped in 2008 and re-joined AQAP, but turned himself in to Saudi authorities on October 16, 2010, and provided them with information about the plot. Yemeni officials suspected al-Faifi had not actually rejoined al-Qaeda, but had become a double agent. They said his tip appeared to be based on more recent information than al-Faifi could access, and that the information must have come from a Saudi double agent in AQAP.


2010 transatlantic aircraft bomb plot, Locating the bombs, England
The first package left Sana'a, Yemen, on a passenger plane, flying to Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It then was next placed on a UPS cargo plane to Cologne/Bonn Airport in Germany, where UPS Airlines has a hub. There, it was placed on UPS Flight 232, a Boeing 767 cargo plane bound for East Midlands Airport in Leicestershire. From there, it was to fly to O'Hare International Airport in Chicago via Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.


2010 transatlantic aircraft bomb plot, Locating the bombs, England
The UPS plane landed at East Midlands Airport at 2:13 a.m. local time on October 29. British military and police explosives experts had been alerted to the existence of the bomb, and conducted an initial search of the plane's cargo in the airport's UPS parcels distribution depot. Officers from Scotland Yard Counter Terrorism Command joined them.


2010 transatlantic aircraft bomb plot, Locating the bombs, England
U.S. authorities provided the tracking number of the package, and the computer printer inside was scanned with  explosives detection equipment, x-rayed, subjected to chemical swabs, and sniffed by sniffer dogs. No explosives were detected. Removing the suspect package for further examination, the authorities allowed the UPS plane to proceed to Philadelphia at 4:20 a.m. local time. At 10:00 a.m. the British gave the all-clear, and removed safety cordons from the airport.


2010 transatlantic aircraft bomb plot, Locating the bombs, England
Later forensic examination indicated that the bomb was inadvertently disarmed by Scotland Yard explosive officers, who took the printer cartridge out of the printer during their examination that morning, around three hours before the bomb was due to explode at 10:30 a.m. (5:30 a.m. Eastern time). The officers were unaware when they took the device apart that it was a bomb.