2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Bohol, 2nd District
Roberto Cajes is the incumbent, but he is ineligible for re-election since he is on his third consecutive term already. Lakas-Kampi-CMD initially nominated  Erico B. Aumentado as their candidate in this district, but Aumentado was expelled from the party because of his alleged association with Manny Villar, the presidential nominee of the rival Nacionalista Party. Lakas-Kampi-CMD then sent a certificate of nomination to incumbent congressman Roberto Cajes' wife Judith.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Bohol, 3rd District
Adam Relson Jala (Lakas-Kampi-CMD) is the incumbent. But Jala decided not to run for a second term this election. He ran for provincial vice-governorship but later dropped his candidacy to support his uncle, Elpidio Jala, who is also running for vice governor. Secretary of Agriculture Arthur Yap is running instead unopposed, currently the only Cabinet official not facing opposition.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Cebu
Local party One Cebu is affiliated with Lakas-Kampi-CMD. The party designations are as designated by the official COMELEC list.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Cebu, 1st District
Incumbent Eduardo Gullas is also supported by Lakas-Kampi-CMD and its affiliate One Cebu.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Cebu, 4th District
Celestino Martinez III is the pending incumbent after Benhur Salimbangon was unseated by the Supreme Court due to poll fraud. The case is under a motion for reconsideration. Martinez may not be seated until the last week of January as Congress will adjourn for election-campaigning. Martinez was able to take office on May 25, just over a month left into his term, after swearing in the plenary, after Salimbangon's proclamation as the winner of the 2010 election.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Cebu, 5th District
Incumbent Ramon Durano VI is also co-nominated by One Cebu and Lakas-Kampi-CMD


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Cebu, 6th District
Lapu-Lapu City was given its own legislative district prior to the election.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Cebu, 6th District
Incumbent Nerissa Corazon Soon-Ruiz switched from the Lakas-Kampi-CMD to the Nacionalista Party on March 29, 2010. She is in her third consecutive term already and is ineligible for reelection. She will instead run for Mayor of Mandaue City. Lakas-Kampi-CMD and One Cebu nominated Gabriel Luis Quisumbing as their candidate in this district.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Cebu City
Local party Bando Osmeña – Pundok Kauswagan (BO-PK) is affiliated with the Liberal Party.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Cebu City, 1st District
Incumbent Raul del Mar (Liberal) is in third consecutive term already and is ineligible for reelection. His daughter, Rachel is his party's nominee as well its affiliate Bando Osmeña – Pundok Kauswagan.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Cebu City, 2nd District
Incumbent Antonio Cuenco is in third consecutive term already and is ineligible for reelection. He was appointed as Secretary-General of the ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly (AIPA) on February 4, 2010. Two of his three parties, Lakas-Kampi-CMD and the Probinsya Muna Development Initiative (PROMDI) did not nominate a candidate to run in this district. However, the Kugi Uswag Sugbo (Kusug) nominated businessman Jonathan Guardo as their candidate which is affiliated with the Nacionalista Party.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Cebu City, 2nd District
Cebu City mayor Tomas Osmeña, who is in his third consecutive as mayor and is ineligible for reelection as mayor, is running for Congress under the Liberal Party and its affiliate Bando Osmeña – Pundok Kauswagan.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Central Visayas, Lapu-Lapu City
Lapu-Lapu City is going to elect their first congressman this election. They were formerly included in Cebu's 6th district.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Eastern Visayas
Elections were held in Eastern Visayas for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 10, 2010.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Eastern Visayas
The candidate with the most votes won that district's seat for the 15th Congress of the Philippines.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Eastern Visayas, Biliran
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Eastern Visayas, Eastern Samar
Teodulo Coquilla is the incumbent, but his party Lakas-Kampi-CMD did not nominate anybody in this district. He is running as an independent.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Eastern Visayas, Leyte, 2nd District
Incumbent Trinidad Apostol is in her third consecutive term already and is ineligible for reelection. Her husband Sergio is her party's nominee for the district's seat.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Eastern Visayas, Leyte, 4th District
Eufrocino Codilla, Sr. is in his third consecutive term already and is ineligible for reelection. His son Eufrocino Jr. will run in his place. Actor Richard Gomez was disqualified when the Commission on Elections granted the petition of disqualification filed by Buenaventura Juntilla against Gomez. Gomez was replaced by his wife, TV host Lucy Torres-Gomez. The name of Richard Gomez will remain in the ballot and will go to Lucy Torres-Gomez.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Eastern Visayas, Leyte, 4th District
Codilla placed the result of the election under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal. The tribunal ruled on May 25, 2012 that Lucy Torrez-Gomez's substitution of her husband was legal, thereby acknowledging votes for her as valid and not stray. On March 19, 2013, or three months before Torres-Gomez's term was to end, the Supreme Court granted the petition of Silverio Tagolino, who argued that since Gomez was disqualified in the first place, his substitute cannot be allowed to run; the decision, which had 7 justices concurring, 4 dissenting and 4 abstaining, effectively removed Torres-Gomez from her post. Torres-Gomez is appealing the case.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Eastern Visayas, Leyte, 5th District
Incumbent Carmen Cari is in third consecutive term already and is ineligible for reelection. Her son Baybay City mayor Jose Carlos is her party's nominee for the district's seat and is running unopposed.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Eastern Visayas, Northern Samar, 1st District
Incumbent Paul Daza is running as governor of Northern Samar; his father provincial governor Raul is his party's nominee for the district's seat.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Eastern Visayas, Northern Samar, 2nd District
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Eastern Visayas, Samar (Western Samar), 1st District
Reynaldo Uy is in his third consecutive term already and is ineligible for reelection. His party nominated Calbayog City Mayor Mel Senen Sarmiento as their nominee for the district's seat.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Eastern Visayas, Samar (Western Samar), 2nd District
Incumbent Sharee Ann Tan will run for governor of Samar. Her mother, governor Milagrosa is her party's nominee for the district's seat.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Eastern Visayas, Samar (Western Samar), 2nd District
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila
Elections were held in  the National Capital Region (Metro Manila) for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 10, 2010.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila
The candidate with the most votes won that district's seat for the 15th Congress of the Philippines.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Summary
*includes Partido Navoteño and Partido Magdiwang. * *excludes joint KKK/Liberal Party ticket.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Caloocan, 2nd District
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Las Piñas
Incumbent Cynthia Villar is in her third consecutive term and is ineligible for reelection; her son Mark is her party's nominee for the seat.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Makati, 1st District
Incumbent Teodoro Locsin, Jr. is in his third consecutive term already and is ineligible for reelection; Makati councilor Monique Lagdameo is his party's nominee although his wife Maria Lourdes is the Liberal Party's nominee for the seat.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Makati, 1st District
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Makati, 2nd District
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Malabon
Malabon will elect their representative alone for the first time. Previously, they were a part of the Legislative district of Malabon-Navotas. Josephine Lacson-Noel is the last representative for the Malabon-Navotas district; she was seated after the House Electoral Tribunal ruled that she won the 2007 election over Alvin Sandoval after a recount.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Mandaluyong
Incumbent Neptali Gonzales II transferred from Lakas-Kampi-CMD to the Liberal Party and is running unopposed.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Manila
The Kapayapaan, Kaunlaran at Katarungan party headed by incumbent mayor and candidate Alfredo Lim is in coalition with the Liberal Party, although candidate and former mayor Lito Atienza's certificate of candidacy states that he is the Liberal Party's candidate for mayor. The COMELEC eventually classified Atienza as an independent.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Manila, 1st District
Incumbent Benjamin Asilo is also co-nominated by the KKK. Arlene Koa is co-nominated by Asenso Manileño. Former representative Ernesto Nieva, who was supposed to run again under Lakas-Kampi-CMD, died on February 16, 2010 due to cardiac arrest. His daughter Mina was designated as a candidate by substitution.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Manila, 2nd District
Jaime Lopez of Lakas Kampi CMD is the incumbent, but he is ineligible for re-election since he is on his third consecutive term already. His party didn't nominate anyone in this district; his son Carlo is co-nominated by the Liberal Party and the KKK.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Manila, 5th District
Despite under Atienza's Buhayin ang Maynila ticket, which is supported by the Joseph Estrada-led Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino, incumbent Amado Bagatsing is the nominee of both Lakas-Kampi-CMD and local party Kabalikat ng Bayan sa Kaunlaran (KABAKA). Rep. Bagatsing later joined the Liberal Party but he is under Lakas-Kampi-CMD at the time of election.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Manila, 6th District
Despite under Atienza's Buhayin ang MayniLA ticket, which is supported by the Joseph Estrada-led Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino, incumbent Benny M. Abante is Lakas-Kampi-CMD's nominee in the district.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Manila, 6th District
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Marikina, 1st District
Marcelino Teodoro is the incumbent; he was originally a Liberal, but ran as an independent, then returned to the Liberals after election.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Marikina, 2nd District
Incumbent Del R. De Guzman is in his third consecutive term already; Miro Quimbo was nominated by his party to run for the district's seat.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Muntinlupa
Incumbent Ruffy Biazon is in his third consecutive term already and is ineligible for reelection; he will run for the Senate while his father outgoing senator Rodolfo Biazon, is his party's nominee for the district's seat.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Navotas
Navotas will elect their first representative alone for the first time. Previously, they were a part of the Legislative district of Malabon-Navotas. Josephine Lacson-Noel is the last representative for the Malabon-Navotas district; she was seated after the House Electoral Tribunal ruled that she won the 2007 election over Alvin Sandoval after a recount.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Navotas
Outgoing Navotas mayor Toby Tiangco, who has served for three consecutive terms already as mayor and is ineligible for reelection, is running unopposed for the city's at-large congressional seat. His brother John Reyland will run for the mayorship unopposed. The Tiangcos are running under Partido Navoteño (Navotas Party) which is a local affiliate of Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (PMP).


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Parañaque, 1st District
Incumbent Eduardo Zialcita is on his third consecutive term already and is ineligible for reelection; the Nacionalista Party did not name a nominee to run in this district.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Parañaque, 1st District
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Parañaque, 2nd District
Incumbent Roilo Golez transferred from independent to the Liberal Party.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Quezon City, 1st District
Vincent "Bingbong" Crisologo is the incumbent. He is running against Vivienne Tan, daughter of business tycoon Lucio Tan as an independent. Tan was disqualified on April 23, 2010 by the Court of Appeals for not being a Filipino citizen however the ruling is not yet finalized pending appeal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Quezon City, 1st District
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Quezon City, 2nd District
Incumbent Mary Ann Susano is running for mayor of Quezon City.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Quezon City, 3rd District
Defensor placed the result of the election under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Quezon City, 4th District
Incumbent Nanette Castelo-Daza is already in her third consecutive term and is ineligible for reelection.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, San Juan
San Juan mayor JV Ejercito is running unopposed for the city's congressional seat. Incumbent congressman Ronaldo Zamora (Nacionalista) decided to retire from politics as he is ineligible for reelection. Ejercito is running under Partido Magdiwang. Partido Magdiwang is the local affiliate of the Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino, the party of his father, presidential candidate Joseph Estrada.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Taguig and Pateros
Taguig is divided into two districts: its first district also includes Pateros. Hence, the first district is called the "District of Taguig-Pateros" and the second district is the "District of Taguig."


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Taguig and Pateros, 1st District (Taguig/Pateros)
Former Councilor Arnel Cerafica is also nominated by local party Kilusang Diwa ng Taguig.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Taguig and Pateros, 2nd District (Taguig)
Henry Duenas, Jr. is the incumbent but decided not to run in this election, while outgoing mayor Sigfrido Tiñga is also nominated by local party Kilusang Diwa ng Taguig.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Metro Manila, Taguig and Pateros, 2nd District (Taguig)
On February 28, 2010, Angelito Reyes, son of Secretary of Energy Angelo Reyes, is declared the winner of the 2007 election by the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal (HRET), with the HRET ruling that Reyes defeated Henry Duenas, Jr. by a margin of 57 votes; the Board of Canvassers originally declared Duenas the winner with 28,564 votes over Reyes' 27,107 for a margin of 1,457.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Mimaropa
Elections were held in Mimaropa for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 10, 2010.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Mimaropa
In each district, the candidate with the greatest number of votes was elected to represent that district's seat in the 15th Congress of the Philippines.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Mimaropa, Marinduque
Incumbent Carmencita Reyes switched to the Liberal Party from Lakas-Kampi-CMD and is running for the provincial governorship; her son Edmundo is her party's nominee for the district's seat.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Mimaropa, Marinduque
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal (HRET). The HRET dismissed Reyes' petition, and even padded Velasco's winning margin by an additional 39 votes. The tribunal resolved that there were no election irregularities.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Mimaropa, Oriental Mindoro, 2nd District
Incumbent Alfonso Umali is in his third consecutive term already and is ineligible for reelection. His brother Reynaldo Umali is his party's nominee for the district's seat.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Mimaropa, Oriental Mindoro, 2nd District
Alfonso Cusi (Sandugo), the general manager of the Manila International Airport Authority, announced on March 3, 2010 that he withdraws his candidacy for the second congressional district of Mindoro Oriental.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Mimaropa, Palawan, 2nd District
Incumbent Abraham Khalil Mitra is in his third consecutive term already and is ineligible for reelection. He is running for the provincial governorship under the Liberal Party. His party didn't nominate anyone for this district. Outgoing governor Joel Reyes is running for the district under the Lakas Kampi CMD.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Mimaropa, Palawan, 2nd District
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal. But Reyes had become a fugitive due to alleged killing of journalist and environmentalist Gerardo "Gerry" Ortega.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Northern Mindanao
Elections were held in Northern Mindanao for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 10, 2010.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Northern Mindanao
The candidate with the most votes won that district's seat for the 15th Congress of the Philippines.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Northern Mindanao, Bukidnon, 1st District
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Northern Mindanao, Bukidnon, 2nd District
Incumbent Teofisto Guingona III will run for Senate. Wenifredo Agripo is the Liberal Party's nominee for the district's seat.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Northern Mindanao, Cagayan de Oro, 1st District
Incumbent Rolando Uy (switched to Lakas Kampi CMD from Nacionalista) will run for mayor of Cagayan de Oro. Rainier Uy is running in his stead, but as Lakas-Kampi-CMD's candidate.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Northern Mindanao, Iligan
Iligan will have their first representative alone for the first time since 1984. Iligan was formerly grouped with Lanao del Norte's 1st district. Incumbent 1st district of Lanao del Norte representative Vicente Belmonte, Jr. will run in this district.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Northern Mindanao, Lanao del Norte, 1st District
Incumbent Vicente Belmonte, Jr. is running for representative from Iligan. The Liberal Party nominated Romulo Rizalda to run in this district.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Northern Mindanao, Lanao del Norte, 2nd District
Incumbent Abdullah Dimaporo is in his third consecutive term already and is ineligible for reelection. His daughter Fatima is his party's nominee for the district's seat while his wife, former governor Imelda Dimaporo is his party's nominee for the first district.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Northern Mindanao, Misamis Occidental, 1st District
Marina Clarete is not running; her husband Ernie is her party's nominee for this district.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Northern Mindanao, Misamis Occidental, 2nd District
Incumbent Herminia M. Ramiro  is on her third consecutive term already and is ineligible for reelection.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Northern Mindanao, Misamis Oriental, 1st District
Incumbent Danilo Lagbas (Lakas-CMD) died on June 7, 2008, leaving the seat vacant. The successor party of Lakas-CMD, Lakas-Kampi-CMD nominated Genaro Jose Moreno, Jr., while Lagbas' daughter Jennifer is the Liberal Party's nominee.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Soccsksargen
Elections were held in Soccsksargen for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 10, 2010.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Soccsksargen
The candidate with the most votes won that district's seat for the 15th Congress of the Philippines.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Soccsksargen
Note that in Cotabato City, although a part of this region, the voters elect their representative via Maguindanao's 1st district. Cotabato City is independent from any province and is a part of the Soccsksargen region, but is usually grouped with Maguindanao by the National Statistics Office.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Soccsksargen, Cotabato (North Cotabato), 1st District
Incumbent Emmylou Taliño-Mendoza is in her third consecutive term already and is ineligible for reelection; she is running as governor of Cotabato. Lakas-Kampi-CMD nominated incumbent governor Jesus Sacdalan as their nominee in this district.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Soccsksargen, Cotabato (North Cotabato), 2nd District
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Soccsksargen, Sarangani
World-renowned boxer Manny Pacquiao is running once again after being defeated in South Cotabato's congressional race to incumbent Rep. Darlene Antonino-Custodio in 2007. As such, he moved to Sarangani and is vying for its open congressional seat left by out going Rep. Erwin Chiongbian. Pacquiao is running his own People's Champ Movement which is co-endorsed by the Nacionalista Party. He will face Rep. Chiongbian's third brother, Roy Chiongbian, a local businessman. Chiongbian is co-endorsed by the local Sarangani Reconciliation and Reformation Organization and Lakas Kampi CMD.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Soccsksargen, South Cotabato, 1st District
Highly urbanized city General Santos is a part of South Cotabato's first district.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Soccsksargen, South Cotabato, 1st District
Incumbent Darlene Antonino-Custodio is in her third consecutive term already and his run For  of Mayor General Santos City . The Nationalist People's Coalition nominated General Santos mayor Pedro Acharon, Jr. in this district.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Soccsksargen, South Cotabato, 2nd District
Incumbent Arthur Pingoy, Jr. is in his third consecutive term already and is ineligible for reelection and running for governor. Lakas-Kampi-CMD nominated Hilario de Pedro III in this district.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Western Visayas
Elections were held in  Western Visayas for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 10, 2010.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Western Visayas
The candidate with the most votes won that district's seat for the 15th Congress of the Philippines.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Western Visayas, Antique
Incumbent Exequiel Javier is in his third consecutive term already and is ineligible for reelection; his son Paolo Javier is his party's nominee for the district's seat.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Western Visayas, Bacolod
Incumbent Monico Puentevella is in his third consecutive term already and is ineligible for reelection; he will run as mayor of Bacolod as Lakas-Kampi-CMD nominated Ricardo Tan in his place. He will face former Deputy Presidential Spokesperson Anthony Golez Jr. running under the Nationalist People's Coalition.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Western Visayas, Capiz, 2nd District
Incumbent Fredenil Castro is in his third consecutive term already and is ineligible for reelection; his wife Jane is his party's nominee for the district's seat.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Western Visayas, Iloilo, 2nd District
Incumbent Judy Syjuco is not running; her husband Technical Education and Skills Development Authority Secretary Augusto is her party's nominee for the district's seat.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Western Visayas, Iloilo, 3rd District
Incumbent Arthur Defensor Sr.  is in his third consecutive term already and is ineligible for reelection and running for governor of Iloilo; his son Arthur Jr. is his party's nominee for the district's seat.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Western Visayas, Iloilo City
Raul Gonzalez Jr. is the incumbent. And he will face outgoing Iloilo City Mayor Jerry Treñas


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Western Visayas, Iloilo City
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Western Visayas, Negros Occidental, 3rd District
Incumbent Jose Carlos Lacson is not running; his party Lakas-Kampi-CMD did not name a nominee to run in this district.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in Western Visayas, Negros Occidental, 6th District
Incumbent Genero Alvarez Jr. is running as vice governor of Negros Occidental; his party nominated his daughter Mercedes as their nominee for the district's seat.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
Elections were held in the  Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 10, 2010.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
The candidate with the most votes won that district's seat for the 15th Congress of the Philippines.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
Note that Isabela, Basilan, despite being a part of the province of Basilan, is not a part of the ARMM. The voters in Isabela vote their representative as part of Basilan's legislative district. On the other hand, Cotabato City, despite not being a part of the ARMM and of Maguindanao, elects their representative as a part of the Maguindanao's 1st district.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, Summary
*Invalid votes and turnout for Lanao del Sur's districts are not available.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, Basilan
Incumbent Wahab Akbar (Liberal Party) was assassinated at the Batasang Pambansa bombing. The Liberal Party did not nominate anyone as their candidate in this district. Akbar's brother Rajam is Aksyon Demokratiko's candidate.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, Basilan
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, Lanao del Sur, 1st District
Incumbent Faysah Dumarpa is in her third consecutive term already and is ineligible for reelection. Lakas-Kampi-CMD's nominee in this district is Mohammed Hussein Pacsum Pangandaman, although Dumarpa's husband Salic will run as the candidate of the Nacionalista Party.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, Lanao del Sur, 2nd District
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, Maguindanao, 1st District
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, Sulu, 1st District
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, Sulu, 2nd District
Incumbent Munir Arbison is in his third consecutive term already and is ineligible for reelection; he is running for governor of Sulu. Lakas-Kampi-CMD nominated Asani Tammang as their candidate in this district.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region
Elections were held in the Bicol Region for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 10, 2010.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region
The candidate with the most votes won that district's seat for the 15th Congress of the Philippines.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Summary
*Totals for invalid votes and turnout are unavailable in Camarines Norte's districts.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Albay, 3rd District
Reno Lim is the incumbent. Lim faced former Albay governor Fernando Gonzalez


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Albay, 3rd District
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Camarines Norte
Camarines Norte will have two representatives starting in the 15th Congress; the lone district was split into two.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Camarines Norte
Liwayway Vinzons-Chato will be the last representative of Camarines Norte's lone district; she will run for representative in the new second district.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Camarines Norte, 1st District
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Camarines Norte, 2nd District
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Camarines Sur
A new fifth district was carved out of the old first and second districts of Camarines Sur by virtue of Republic Act 9716, becoming the second district. The redistricting was seen to prevent President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's son and incumbent 1st district representative Diosdado Ignacio Arroyo from being in the same district as Secretary of Budget and Management Rolando Andaya. It was also alleged that the new district fell short of the required minimum of 250,000 inhabitants in order to be a separate district. The old third and fourth districts become the new fourth and fifth districts. Andaya's wife eventually run in his place but eventually withdrew for her husband on December 15, 2009, after filing for substitution. On February 25, 2010, Andaya effectively resigned as Budget Secretary following a Supreme Court decision saying that all appointive officials running for office are deemed resigned.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Camarines Sur, 1st District
Incumbent Diosdado Macapagal Arroyo's (Lakas-Kampi-CMD), son of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, place of residence was moved from the first to the second district.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Camarines Sur, 2nd District
For the 15th Congress, the 2nd district will comprise some of the municipalities of the old first and second districts, and Naga. The old second district, which didn't include any of the local government units of the new first and second districts, became the new third district.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Camarines Sur, 3rd District
The old second district is now the third district. The old second district incumbent is Luis Villafuerte Sr. is running.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Camarines Sur, 4th District
The old third is now the fourth district. The old third district's incumbent is Arnulfo Fuentebella is running.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Camarines Sur, 5th District
The old fourth district becomes the new fifth district. Old fourth district incumbent Felix Alfelor Jr. (Lakas-Kampi-CMD) is in his third consecutive term and is ineligible for reelection. His son, Emmanuel, is his party's nominee for the new fifth district.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Camarines Sur, 5th District
Mariano Trinidad is also entered into an alliance with the Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Camarines Sur, 5th District
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Catanduanes
Incumbent Joseph Santiago (Nationalist People's Coalition) is in his third consecutive term already and is ineligible for reelection. NPC didn't name a nominee for the district's seat.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Catanduanes
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Masbate, 3rd District
Incumbent Rizalina Seachon-Lanete is running for the provincial governorship; Scott Davies Lanete will run as her party's nominee for the district's seat..


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Bicol Region, Sorsogon, 2nd District
Incumbent Jose Solis (Lakas-Kampi-CMD) is in his third consecutive term and is thus ineligible for reelection.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Cagayan Valley
Elections were held in  Cagayan Valley for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 10, 2010.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Cagayan Valley
The candidate with the most votes won that district's seat for the 15th Congress of the Philippines.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Cagayan Valley, Cagayan, 2nd District
Congressman Florencio Vargas died on July 22, a few days before the 15th Congress convened. The two other congressmen from Cagayan, Juan Ponce Enrile, Jr. and Randolph Ting, then filed a resolution declaring Vargas' seat vacant paving way for a special election. Defeated candidate and former governor Edgar Lara had previously expressed interest in participating if a special election was called, and also said that he expects any member of the Vargas family to run as well. On December 13, Representative Juan Ponce Enrile, Jr. was designated by Speaker Feliciano Belmonte, Jr. as the caretaker of the 2nd district pending the approval of a special election.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Cagayan Valley, Cagayan, 2nd District
The Commission on Elections has set the election on March 12, 2011, Saturday.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Cagayan Valley, Cagayan, 3rd District
Incumbent Manuel Mamba is term-limited and is not eligible for reelection. He is running for provincial governor, and Francisco Mamba, Jr. will run as his party nominee.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Cagayan Valley, Cagayan, 3rd District
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Cagayan Valley, Isabela
All candidates under the Lakas-Kampi-CMD banner are originally candidates of the Nationalist People's Coalition, the party the Dy patriarch, the late Governor Faustino Nang Dy Sr. helped establish before his death in 1992(?) and whose sons, notably the elder Dy's successor, Faustino Dy Jr., hold high positions within. They were nominated by the Lakas-Kampi party after the Dy dynasty gave all-out support to the presidential candidacy of former Defense Secretary Gilbert Teodoro Jr., himself a former NPC member.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Cagayan Valley, Isabela, 1st District
Incumbent Rodolfo Albano III is not running. He will be the running mate of three-term 3rd District representative Faustino "Bojie" Dy III in their quest to end the six-year rule of incumbent Governor Grace Padaca; his father, former Energy Regulatory Administration Chair and three-term Representative Rodolfo Albano Jr. will run in his stead.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Cagayan Valley, Isabela, 2nd District
Edwin Uy is the incumbent, and is barred from seeking re-election after serving three terms. He will run for provincial vice governor in tandem with incumbent Governor Grace Padaca, and in turn will field his brother Edgar Uy for the post he is vacating. Edgar Uy will face another Padaca ally, incumbent board member Ana Cristina Go.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Cagayan Valley, Isabela, 2nd District
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Cagayan Valley, Isabela, 3rd District
Incumbent Faustino Dy III is in his third consecutive term already and is ineligible for reelection; he will run for provincial governor instead. A co-member of the Dy family, Napoleon, is his party's nominee.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Cagayan Valley, Quirino
Incumbent Junie Cua is in his third consecutive term already and is ineligible for reelection; he is running for the provincial governorship instead. His son, governor Dakila Carlo Cua is his party's nominee for his seat.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Cordillera Administrative Region
Elections were held in Cordillera Administrative Region for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 10, 2010.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Cordillera Administrative Region
The candidate with the most votes won that district's seat for the 15th Congress of the Philippines.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Cordillera Administrative Region, Abra
In the province of Abra, once an election hot spot, governor Eustaquio Bersamin has called on candidates to strictly adhere to the manifesto they signed and respect the rule of law. Incumbent representative Cecilia Seares-Luna has three opponents: Ma. Zita Valera, the wife of detained former Gov. Vicente Valera; Joy Bernos-Valera, Bangued mayor Dominic Valera's daughter, and former ranking official of the Cordillera People's Liberation Army (CPLA) Mailed Molina. Abra police managed to facilitate an "agreement" in which politicians will not field candidates against one another, although it was not followed as politicians started to jockey for positions.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Cordillera Administrative Region, Abra
As a result of the tension in the province, the Commission on Elections has placed the province under its watch list.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Cordillera Administrative Region, Abra
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Cordillera Administrative Region, Apayao
Incumbent Elias Bulut, Jr. is on his third consecutive term already and is ineligible for election. He will run for the provincial governorship and his fellow Bulut family member Eleanor Begtang will run as his party's nominee.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Cordillera Administrative Region, Baguio
Incumbent Mauricio Domogan of Lakas-Kampi-CMD is in his third consecutive term and thus ineligible for reelection. Former Baguio mayor and Nationalist People's Coalition regional chair Bernardo Vergara is the party's nominee for the city's Congressional seat, although Vergara is also nominated by Lakas-Kampi-CMD.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Cordillera Administrative Region, Benguet
Incumbent Samuel Dangwa is on his third consecutive term already and is ineligible for election. He will run for the provincial governorship.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Cordillera Administrative Region, Ifugao
Incumbent Solomon Chungalao of Lakas Kampi CMD is in his third consecutive term already and is barred from seeking reelection; he is running for the provincial governorship as his party nominated Nelson Allaga in his place.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Cordillera Administrative Region, Mountain Province
Incumbent Victor Dominguez (KAMPI) died on February 8, 2008. Incumbent governor Maximo Dalog is in his third consecutive term and is ineligible for election, and is instead running for Congress under Lakas Kampi CMD, the successor party of KAMPI.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Cordillera Administrative Region, Mountain Province
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Davao Region
Elections were held in the  Davao Region for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 10, 2010.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Davao Region
The candidate with the most votes won that district's seat for the 15th Congress of the Philippines.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Davao Region, Compostela Valley, 1st District
Manuel Zamora (popularly known as Way Kurat) is the incumbent. But he is ineligible for re-election since he is on his third consecutive term already. Board member Maricar Apsay will run in his place. Cesar Mancao is co-nominated by the Liberal Party.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Davao Region, Davao City, 1st District
Incumbent Prospero Nograles is in his third consecutive term and is ineligible for reelection; he is running for mayor of Davao City. His son Karlo is his party's nominee for the seat. Maria Belen Acosta is also nominated by local party Hugpong sa Tawong Lungsod.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Davao Region, Davao City, 2nd District
Incumbent Vincent Garcia is in his third consecutive term and is ineligible for reelection; his sister Mylene is his party's nominee for the seat and is also nominated by local party Hugpong sa Tawong Lungsod but is an independent.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Davao Region, Davao City, 2nd District
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Davao Region, Davao City, 3rd District
Isidro Ungab is the incumbent and is also nominated by local party Hugpong sa Tawong Lungsod. He will face former representative Ruy Elias Lopez of the Nationalist People's Coalition (formerly Lakas-Kampi-CMD) in the election.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Davao Region, Davao City, 3rd District
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Davao Region, Davao del Norte, 1st District
Incumbent Arrel Olaño is ineligible for re-election since he is on his third consecutive term already and he is running for Mayor of Tagum. Lakas-Kampi-CMD did not name a nominee in this district.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Davao Region, Davao del Norte, 1st District
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Ilocos Region
Elections were held in the Ilocos Region for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 10, 2010.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Ilocos Region
The candidate with the most votes won that district's seat for the 15th Congress of the Philippines.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Ilocos Region, Ilocos Norte
In Ilocos Norte, the Marcoses had a split within their ranks, former first lady Imelda Marcos and his children Ferdinand Marcos, Jr. and Imee Marcos had allied themselves with Nacionalista Party and Manny Villar. Imelda's nephew Michael Keon would only support Ferdinand Jr.'s campaign for senator as part of the Nacionalista's roster but not Villar; Keon is a member of Lakas-Kampi-CMD and supports Gilbert Teodoro. The Marcoses also had a reconciliation with the Fariñases and invited Rodolfo Fariñas as a congressional candidate for the Nacionalistas in the province's first district.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Ilocos Region, Ilocos Norte, 1st District
Incumbent Roque Ablan, Jr. (Lakas-Kampi-CMD) is on his third consecutive term and can not run for reelection. His seat will be contested by his son Kristian and former congressman Rodolfo Fariñas.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Ilocos Region, Ilocos Norte, 1st District
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Ilocos Region, Ilocos Norte, 2nd District
Incumbent Ferdinand Marcos, Jr. will leave the House to run for a Senate seat. His mother and former first lady Imelda will run for his seat under the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL) as the younger Marcos was expelled from the party. She was challenged by Marcos supporter Mariano Nalupta. She is co-nominated by the Nacionalista Party.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Ilocos Region, Ilocos Norte, 2nd District
Nalupta placed the result of the election under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Ilocos Region, Ilocos Sur
In Ilocos Sur the Singson clan headed by Luis Singson is expected to win majority of elective positions in the province. Luis will run as governor of the province, his son Ronald Singson will run as the province's representative from the first district, and daughter-in-law Grace Singson will run on her husband Eric Singson's seat in the second district since Eric is limited three consecutive terms. Eric and Grace's son Eric Jr. was Lakas-Kampi-CMD's nominee in the district.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Ilocos Region, Ilocos Sur, 1st District
In March 2011, Singson resigned after being found guilty of drug possession in Hong Kong. The Commission on Elections called an election that will be held on May 28, 2011.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Ilocos Region, Ilocos Sur, 2nd District
Eric Singson is the incumbent, but he is in his third consecutive term already and is ineligible for reelection. His son Eric Jr. is his party's nominee for the district's seat.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Ilocos Region, La Union
La Union's two seats in the House will be contested in albeit different circumstances: in the first district, Rep. Victor Francisco Ortega, whose brother is the current Governor Manuel Ortega will contest the seat against an independent candidate James Paul Orros, who claims to be a relative of the Ortegas. In the second district, Butch Dumpit, son of defeated gubernational candidate Tomas Dumpit in 2007, will go up against Eufranio Eriguel, who reportedly has support by nine of the eleven mayors in that district. The younger Ortega and Dumpit will contest the province's governorship anew.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Ilocos Region, La Union, 1st District
Victor Francisco Ortega is the incumbent. Orros eventually backed out.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Ilocos Region, La Union, 2nd District
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Ilocos Region, Pangasinan
For the first time in history, all six of Pangasinan's legislative districts will have women candidates.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Ilocos Region, Pangasinan, 1st District
Incumbent Arthur Celeste (Lakas-Kampi-CMD) is running for mayor of Alaminos. His brother Jesus is his party's nominee for the district's seat. He will face former GMA Network investigative journalist and reporter Maki Pulido running under the Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino; she is also nominated by local party Biskeg na Pangasinan.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Ilocos Region, Pangasinan, 2nd District
Incumbent Victor Agbayani is running for governor of Pangasinan. The Liberal Party nominated Arthur Caronoñgan as their candidate for the district's seat.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Ilocos Region, Pangasinan, 2nd District
Former PNP Chief Leopoldo Bataoil and Former NBN-4 Business Correspondent Kim Bernardo Lokin are also nominated by local party Biskeg na Pangasinan.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Ilocos Region, Pangasinan, 2nd District
The result of the election is under protest in the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Ilocos Region, Pangasinan, 4th District
Former House Speaker Jose de Venecia has served for three consecutive terms, and is thus ineligible for re-election; his wife Gina de Venecia will run for his seat in the fourth district.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Ilocos Region, Pangasinan, 5th District
Marcos Cojuangco is in his third consecutive term and is ineligible for reelection. His wife Sison mayor Kimi is his party's nominee for the district's seat.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Ilocos Region, Pangasinan, 6th District
Conrado Estrella III is in his third consecutive term and is ineligible for reelection. The NPC nominated Marilyn Primcias-Agabas as their candidate for the district's seat.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Ilocos Region, Pangasinan, 6th District
Hermogenes Esperon is also nominated by local party Biskeg na Pangasinan.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Zamboanga Peninsula
Elections were held in the  Zamboanga Peninsula for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 10, 2010.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Zamboanga Peninsula
The candidate with the most votes won that district's seat for the 15th Congress of the Philippines.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Zamboanga Peninsula
Note that in Isabela, Basilan, although a part of this region, the voters elect their representative via Basilan's legislative district. Isabela is politically within Basilan despite being on separate regions.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Zamboanga Peninsula, Zamboanga del Norte, 1st District
Cecilia Jalosjos-Carreon is retiring; her nephew provincial board member Seth Frederick Jalosjos is her party's nominee for the district's seat.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Zamboanga Peninsula, Zamboanga del Sur, 2nd District
Incumbent Antonio Cerilles will run for governor of Zamboanga del Sur. His wife three-term governor Aurora Enerio-Cerilles is his party's nominee for the district's seat.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Zamboanga Peninsula, Zamboanga Sibugay, 1st District
Incumbent Belma Cabilao is in third consecutive term already and is ineligible for reelection. His son, Jonathan Yambao runs under her party.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections in the Zamboanga Peninsula, Zamboanga Sibugay, 2nd District
Incumbent Dulce Ann Hofer will run for governor of Zamboanga Sibugay. Provincial administrator George Hofer II is her party's nominee for the district's seat.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives party-list election
The 2010 House of Representatives of the Philippines party-list election was on May 10, 2010. The whole country was one at-large district, where parties nominate three persons to be their candidates, ranked in order of which they'll be seated if elected. The elected representatives will serve in the 15th Congress.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives party-list election
Candidates from the district elections are not allowed to be nominated by the parties participating in the party-list election, nor are parties who have candidates in the district elections may be allowed to join the party-list election; the parties in the party-list election must represent a distinct "sector" in the society such as women, laborers and the like.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives party-list election
In the election, the voter elects the party, not the nominees of the party; a voter may not be able to influence how the nominees are listed on election day, except for joining the party beforehand. If the party surpasses 2% of the national vote, the person first nominated by the party will be seated.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives party-list election
Additional seats can be won by multiplying the percentage of the votes the party got, with the difference of number of seats the party already has (1), and the number of seats allocated for sectoral organizations (57), disregarding decimals, with no party getting more than two additional seats. However, usually only the party with the most votes gets the two additional seats, the other parties will get only one additional seat.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives party-list election
If the number of seated representatives is less than the 20% quota of party-list representatives in Congress (57 for the 15th Congress), the unfilled seats will be filled up by the remaining parties in descending order of votes garnered until are seats are filled up. Note that with more than a hundred parties participating, and with the three-seat cap, the seats that the parties with 2% of the vote or more will always be less than the 20% allocation.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives party-list election, Background
Prior to the election, the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) expected an increase of party-list organizations seeking accreditation from the 153 organizations that applied for accreditation during the 2007 elections. The COMELEC also de-listed 25 party-list organizations for either failing to participate in the last two elections or did not obtain two percent of the votes cast. However, the COMELEC said the two percent vote requirement does not cover the organizations that won a congressional seat based on a recent Supreme Court ruling. Militant groups Migrante and Sanlakas protested such de-listment, saying that they were not covered by the 2% rule, and that such rule is unconstitutional. Another 8 such organizations also filed a motion for reconsideration or a verified opposition against their de-listment.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives party-list election, Background
After purging the party-list roster, the COMELEC then acted upon the organizations that filed their manifestations of intent to run. LGBT group Ang Ladlad appealed their disqualification after the COMELEC's First Division disqualified the organization due to "moral grounds," citing the Bible and the Qur'an. Party leader Danton Remoto, a professor at Ateneo de Manila University, cited the Universal Declaration on Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights as reasons why Ang Ladlad should be re-instated. Remoto would then appeal to the commission en banc.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives party-list election, Background
The COMELEC also disqualified Alliance of Concerned Teachers (ACT) and government employees union Courage. The commission's First Division disqualified ACT after it had failed to prove that it exists "in most of the regions;" the commission said that, Courage on the other hand, "exists in Western Visayas, Davao del Sur, a town in Lanao del Norte and Rizal and some cities in Metro Manila," and that it failed to prove that it represents a "marginalized and under-represented sector."


2010 Philippine House of Representatives party-list election, Background
In December, the commission en banc denied Ang Ladlad's motion for reconsideration with finality as Remoto said he would elevate the case to the Supreme Court. In January 2010, the Supreme Court issued a temporary restraining order to the COMELEC on disqualifying Ang Ladlad.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives party-list election, Background
With the COMELEC prevented from disqualifying Ang Ladlad, the organization along with 143 others were included in the final list of accredited party-list organizations, although the status may change if the court sides with COMELEC on the issue. Under Resolution 8745, six additional party-list groups were accredited, bringing the total to 150.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives party-list election, Background
The party-list election has been hit by allegations that several parties are fronts by the ruling administration. Bagong Alyansang Makabayan (BAYAN), a coalition of left-leaning party-lists, and election watchdog Kontra Daya said that nine party-lists were connected to the Arroyo political family. The parties and their first nominee cited were:


2010 Philippine House of Representatives party-list election, Background
The administration distanced itself from the six pro-government parties insisting it has not endorsed any group supposedly to augment the administration's representation in Congress, saying that "it is up to the COMELEC to judge and issue a decision on the matter."


2010 Philippine House of Representatives party-list election, Background
On April 8, 2010, the Supreme Court ruled that Ang Ladlad was allowed to run in the 2010 election, saying with a unanimous vote that what is immoral is not necessary illegal.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives party-list election, Results
On May 31, the leading parties in the party-list election were declared by the commission as winners; deferred are the parties (not nominees) that have pending disqualification cases against them. Ang Galing Pinoy's proclamation, the party of incumbent Pampanga 2nd district representative Mikey Arroyo was recalled as Arroyo has a pending disqualification notice against him, and he is their #1 nominee. The winners were:


2010 Philippine House of Representatives party-list election, Results
*there are more nominees listed in case one of the first three nominees are either disqualified or are removed from office. In some instances, the parties submitted two lists; in those the cases, the second list submitted is listed.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives party-list election, Aftermath
On July 11, 2010, the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) disqualified two nominees of Kasangga sa Kaunlaran namely Teodoro Haresco and Eugenio Lacson on proving they do not support the marginalized sectors. Bagong Alyansang Makabayan (BAYAN) secretary-general Renato Reyes says that "this should now serve as a benchmark for other pending petitions against party-list nominees who do not belong to nor represent the marginalized sectors."


2010 Philippine House of Representatives party-list election, Aftermath
On July 20, 2010, the COMELEC allowed Rep. Arroyo to sit as the representative for Ang Galing Pinoy after he was accepted as the first nominee of the party-list group. The Commission voted 4–2 while one abstained. The COMELEC also proclaimed three more parties as winners: A TEACHER, Butil Farmers Party and 1-UTAK, although the latter's first nominee, Angelo Reyes, was not allowed to take office as he has a pending disqualification case.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives party-list election, Aftermath
While the commission upheld Angelo Reyes nomination by 1-UTAK, on late July, the party withdrew Reyes from their list after the commission's decision was appealed. Reyes, who was prohibited from having his seat at the House of Representatives, appealed to the Supreme Court. With the suicide of Reyes, the Supreme Court dismissed Reyes' petition.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives party-list election, Aftermath
The Supreme Court dismissed petition filed by the Alliance for Barangay Concerns (ABC) on their disqualification by the commission, on March 22. The commission's decision, in which ABC was disqualified for being a front of the Members Church of God International, a religious group that produces the Ang Dating Daan television program, was upheld as it stated that the constitution gave the commission the power to register and cancel the registration of party-list groups.


2010 Philippine House of Representatives party-list election, Aftermath
The commission originally dismissed the petition filed by lawyer and journalist Melanio Mauricio, Jr. in 2010, but was reconsidered on August 2010; ABC has already won a seat in Congress but has not been sworn in. ABC, through its chairman James Marty Lim, argued that since the party had already won a seat, the jurisdiction should be under the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal. However, the court ruled that commission maintains jurisdiction as the case does not refer to qualifications of members of Congress.


2010 Philippine Senate election
The 2010 election of members to the Senate of the Philippines was the 30th election to the Senate of the Philippines. It was held on Monday, May 10, 2010 to elect 12 of the 24 seats in the Senate. Together with those elected in 2007, they will comprise the 15th Congress. The senators elected in 2007 will serve until June 30, 2013, while the senators elected in this election will serve up to June 30, 2016. The 2010 presidential election, elections to the House of Representatives as well as local elections occurred on the same date. The Philippines uses plurality-at-large voting for seats in the Senate: the twelve candidates with the highest number of votes wins the twelve seats up for election.


2010 Philippine Senate election
In the election, ten senators that had previously served in the Senate, six of them incumbents, were re-elected. The two neophytes, Bongbong Marcos and TG Guingona, had their fathers previously serve in the Senate. The first nine candidates that were leading in the canvassing of votes by the Commission on Elections were proclaimed winners on May 15, while the last three were proclaimed on May 18.


2010 Philippine Senate election
After the election, no party won a majority of seats, although the Liberal Party had the most seats with five, although with the election of Benigno Aquino III as president, the Liberals will have 4 members in the Senate. The independents have five, while the Nacionalista Party and Lakas–CMD have four each.


2010 Philippine Senate election
It is expected that Manuel Villar of the Nacionalistas and Francis Pangilinan from the Liberals be the top contenders to be Senate President; incumbent Juan Ponce Enrile (PMP) originally said he would not seek the office, but with the inability of either of the frontrunners to garner the required thirteen votes, he has presented himself as a compromise candidate to avoid deadlock.


2010 Philippine Senate election
On the convening of the 15th Congress on July 25, Enrile was successfully reelected as Senate President by 17 senators, with 3 senators voting for his opponent, Alan Peter Cayetano of the Nacionalistas. Three more senators did not attend, and one seat was vacated by Benigno Aquino III who was elected President.


2010 Philippine Senate election, Retiring and term-limited incumbents
Three senators are voluntarily retiring from the Senate at the end of their current term (two ran for president, and another for vice president; all lost), while two other senators are term-limited by the Constitution of the Philippines after serving two consecutive terms.


2010 Philippine Senate election, Campaign
The candidates had varied campaign strategies, but the candidates from the Liberal Party and the Nacionalista Party relied on TV advertisements for exposure. Celebrities also endorsed candidates, notably Kris Aquino for Tito Sotto and Sharon Cuneta for Neric Acosta. As a callback to the successful "VOT FOR D CHAMMP" campaign slogan of the People Power Coalition during the 2001 election, the Liberals used the "SLAMAT LORRRD" acronym to easily convey their senatorial line-up.


2010 Philippine Senate election, Campaign
On April 18, ABS-CBN held the Harapan (Face-Off) senatorial debates at La Consolacion College – Manila. Adel Tamano scored the highest rating amongst the candidates who participated, followed by Neric Acosta and Risa Hontiveros-Baraquel, while Francisco Tatad rated poorly.


2010 Philippine Senate election, Campaign
Actors Bong Revilla (born Ramon Revilla Jr.), who changed his legal name to his screen name "Bong Revilla" prior to the campaign period, and Jinggoy Estrada, together with Miriam Defensor Santiago consistently topped the poll surveys from Social Weather Stations and Pulse Asia. On the other hand, while all incumbent senators who are running appeared safe to retain their seats, it appeared that no party will win a majority of the 12 seats being contested.


2010 Philippine Senate election, Candidates
On December 15, 2009, the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) released the approved list of candidates for the Senate elections. On January 14, 2010, the COMELEC approved four more candidates for the Senate, reaching a total of 61.


2010 Philippine Senate election, Candidates
These are the candidates that were listed on the ballot, with order determined by surname. The tickets are as advertised by the coalition; these are unrecognized by the COMELEC but is extensively used by the media. The COMELEC does list the political parties of the candidates on the ballot. One has twelve votes for senator, with one vote for every candidate. A voter can distribute one's vote to any ticket as one seems fit. One can vote less than the twelve candidates from any ticket (open list), although the coalitions encourage voters to vote "12–0" (if applicable). A voter who had voted for more than twelve candidates will have his ballot spoiled, invalidating the rest of that voter's votes in the senate election.


2010 Philippine Senate election, Candidates
A candidate may be included in more than one ticket; a party, if it has not enough candidates to complete a 12-candidate ticket, can invite guest candidates from other parties. These guest candidates can choose to acknowledge their inclusion in other tickets and are not bound to follow the policies of the tickets that adopted them.


2010 Philippine Senate election, Opinion polls
The following are results of surveys taken after candidates were confirmed by the COMELEC.


2010 Philippine Senate election, Results
Incumbents, former senators, and candidates whose other family members that had Senate experience performed well. All six incumbents who ran held their seats, four former senators also won, and the two neophyte senators, Bongbong Marcos and TG Guingona had their fathers (Ferdinand Marcos and Teofisto Guingona Jr., respectively) previously served at the Senate.


2010 Philippine Senate election, Results
Among the six winning incumbents, three had family members that previously served in the Senate: Bong Revilla (son of Ramon Revilla Sr.), Jinggoy Estrada (son of Joseph Estrada) and Pia Cayetano (daughter of Rene Cayetano; her brother, Alan Peter Cayetano, won in 2007). The other winning incumbents are Miriam Defensor Santiago, Lito Lapid, and Juan Ponce Enrile.


2010 Philippine Senate election, Results
The three of the four former winning senators also had a family member with Senate experience: Ralph Recto (grandson of Claro M. Recto), Tito Sotto (grandson of Vicente Sotto) and Sergio Osmeña III (grandson of Sergio Osmeña and son of Sergio Osmeña Jr.). The other returning senator is Franklin Drilon.


2010 Philippine Senate election, Results
Only one former senator ran and lost: Francisco Tatad; candidates with no prior Senate experience but had family members that previously served in the Senate but lost are Ruffy Biazon (son of outgoing Senator Rodolfo Biazon), Sonia Roco (wife of Raul Roco), Adel Tamano (son of Mamintal Tamano) and Susan Ople (daughter of Blas Ople).


2010 Philippine Senate election, Results
The election of Benigno Aquino III as President of the Philippines in concurrent elections means that his Senate seat will be vacant until June 30, 2013.


2010 Philippine Senate election, Results, Per party
With the election of Benigno Aquino III as president, there were only 23 seats in the Senate's chamber for the 15th Congress of the Philippines. There were calls to let the 13th placed candidate, Risa Hontiveros-Baraquel, to be proclaimed in lieu of Aquino leaving the Senate but neither her campaign nor the Liberal Party petitioned the Commission on the matter. Aquino's vacated seat won't be contested in a special election as special elections for Senate vacancies can only be scheduled on the next scheduled election; that seat would be up for the 2013 election.


2010 Philippine Senate election, Results, Unofficial results
Several organizations released unofficial tallies when the commission's first preliminary tally was yet to be released.


2010 Philippine Senate election, Aftermath
With the lineup for the 15th Congress becoming apparent, senator-elect Miriam Defensor-Santiago (PRP) commented that her ally Manuel Villar has the numbers to retake the Senate Presidency. Villar resigned from the senate presidency just prior to the election period and Juan Ponce Enrile (PMP) became the new senate president. Jockeying for the position then began with Francis Pangilinan (Liberal) announcing his intention to be senate president, citing the need for a "friendly" Senate for the Benigno Aquino III administration. The Liberals still have to agree on a candidate, as Ponce Enrile earlier said that he will not seek the post.


2010 Philippine Senate election, Aftermath
The Liberals apparently narrowed down their candidates to former Senate President Franklin Drilon and Pangilinan, with Villar as the Nacionalista bloc's candidate. Independent senator Francis Escudero remarked that some senators are conducting exploratory talks on who they will field for the post of Senate President.


2010 Philippine Senate election, Aftermath
On July 2010, the Liberal Party announced that Pangilinan will be the candidate for the Senate presidency. Pangilinan will lead in seeking alliances with other senators and said that he will not seek an alliance with the Nacionalista Party.


2010 Philippine Senate election, Aftermath
On July 23, previous Senate President Enrile announced that he was approached by Drilon, Recto (both Liberals) and Escudero (independent) on July 20 informing him that they will support him once he agrees to be included in the race. Enrile agreed, with the conditions that he will not actively campaign, nor enter with a "bargaining effort with anyone." Sotto (NPC) remarked that retaining Enrile emerged as a viable compromise to prevent an impasse on the opening of Congress.


2010 Philippine Senate election, Aftermath
Recognizing that he can't secure the required 13 votes to win the Senate Presidency, Pangilinan has withdrawn his bid on July 25. The Liberals will now support Enrile for the Senate Presidency.


2010 Philippine Senate election, Aftermath, Election for Senate President
With Loren Legarda nominating Enrile, he won the Senate Presidency with a vote of 17–3, defeated Alan Peter Cayetano, who was nominated by Joker Arroyo with 4 absent senators: Cayetano became the Minority Floor Leader instead.


2010 Philippine barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections
Synchronized Barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) elections were held on October 25, 2010 in the Philippines. The electorate elected in nonpartisan elections, the Barangay chairman also known as the Punong Barangay and members of the Sangguniang Barangay (Village council) for voters aged 18 and above. While voters aged 15 to 17 voted for the chairman of the Sangguniang Kabataan (Youth village council) and members of the Katipunan ng mga Kabataan. Due to funding issues, the Commission on Elections opted to use the manual voting system instead of the automated elections as was done in the last 2010 national elections.


2010 Philippine barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections, Background
Republic Act No. 9340 mandates that synchronized elections for the Barangay and SK elections to be held on the last Monday of October after three years. There are 630,375 positions to be decided on Election Day in 42,095 barangays (Villages) across the Philippines. However, the elections have been postponed in several areas due to damage caused by Typhoon Megi (Juan) while in the provinces of Isabela, Cagayan and Kalinga where voting will start early from 6 AM to 2 PM instead of the normal voting hours from 7 AM to 3 PM.


2010 Philippine barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections, Background
The Commission on Elections has delivered the needed election paraphernalia to the voting areas on October 24, 2010, although there are areas were the materials were delivered late. The Philippine National Police (PNP) has heightened security in the lead-up to the polls and has placed it on full alert. Cases of election-related violence has reduced since 2007, with 29 incidents recorded since the nationwide gun ban on September 25, 2010.


2010 Philippine barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections, Background, Proposal to abolish the Barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan
Due to spending costs, there are proposals in the Senate to abolish the Sangguniang Kabataan (SK). Senator Teofisto Guingona III and Senator Franklin Drilon are proposing to replace SK with youth representatives to be elected in provincial, city and municipal boards. Enrile also proposed to abolish the Barangay system with mayors appointing leaders in the respective barangays instead.


2010 Philippine barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections, Candidates
The Department of Interior and Local Government has issued a list of officials who have served multiple-terms which prohibited under the law, more commonly known as "multiple termers". Under COMELEC Resolution No. 9077, the Barangay Boards of Canvassers (BBOC) will suspend the proclamation of these candidates based on the list given. The COMELEC says that it will file charges of election disqualification and criminal charges if a candidate is proven as a multiple-termer. There are currently 4,433 barangay officials prohibited from running in the election and can only serve for three consecutive terms.


2010 Philippine barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections, Election day
Elections were generally peaceful although there were reports of vote buying, ballot snatching and presence of armed groups of candidates notably in Abra and Antipolo. The Department of Education has suspended classes in all public elementary and high schools on October 26 to give teachers who served as Board of Election Inspectors (BEIs) in the elections a rest day.


2010 Philippine barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections, Election day
President Benigno Aquino III was disappointed at the Commission on Elections on the delays in the deliveries of election paraphernalia before the polls were opened. He told the media in a press conference after voting in his home province of Tarlac this was a "simple undertaking" than the automated elections in May 2010. However, he asked people to come out and vote still in the elections.


2010 Philippine barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections, Election day, Postponement of elections
Elections were postponed in 1,732 barangays due to the late delivery of election materials and ballot boxes. The barangays involved are in the provinces of Masbate, Albay, Catanduanes, Sorsogon, Pangasinan, Isabela, Cagayan, Tarlac, Capiz and Aklan. Failure of elections were declared as well in 23 barangays in Marawi City because election harassment and failure of the Board of Election Inspectors (BEIs) not showing up at the polling precincts. Also failure of election were declared in two barangays in Sultan Kudarat due to poll violence.


2010 Philippine barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections, Election day, Postponement of elections
Pursuant to COMELEC Resolution No. 9078 issued on October 24, 2010, the elections will be held instead on October 26 or October 27 if the election materials will not be delivered by noon time on Election Day.


2010 Philippine barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections, Election day, Election-related violence
Election-related violence incidents (ERVIs) have increased to 47 from 29, where 32 people have been killed as a result. This has reduced the number of cases from 67 in the last elections in 2007.


2010 Philippine general election
Elections for all positions in the Philippines above the barangay (except for Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao regional level) were held on May 10, 2010. The elected president is Benigno "Noynoy" Aquino III, the 15th President of the Philippines, succeeding President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo who was barred from seeking re-election due to term restrictions. The successor of Vice-President Noli de Castro is Jejomar Binay, the 15th Vice President of the Philippines. The legislators elected in the 2010 elections joined the senators of the 2007 elections and comprised the 15th Congress of the Philippines.


2010 Philippine general election
The 2010 elections were administered by the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) in compliance with the Republic Act No. 9369, also known as the Amended Computerization Act of 2007. It was the first national computerized election in the history of the Philippines. Although there were cases of precinct count optical scan (PCOS) machine failures, there was no postponement of elections since most technical issues were resolved by election day. Despite the fact that some provinces have reported failure of elections, these have not surpassed the 0.50% of the total number of PCOS machines, and most were replaced on time.


2010 Philippine general election
Local elections were held in all provinces, cities and municipalities for provincial governors, vice governors and board members, and city/municipal mayors, vice mayors and councilors.


2010 Philippine general election
There were more than 85,000 candidates for 17,000 national and local positions and it is believed that the youth had the swing vote in this election as 40% of voters are 18–35 and there are a potential 3 million first-time voters.


2010 Philippine general election, Background
The current Philippine constitution allows a president to serve for only one six-year term; however, former president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo served for a total of nine years because she took over the last three years of Joseph Estrada's administration when Estrada was ousted as the result of the 2001 EDSA Revolution. In 2004, Arroyo won the election and finished her 6-year term in 2010.


2010 Philippine general election, General issues
In a decision dated December 2, 2009, the Supreme Court ruled that appointive officials seeking positions in the elections do not need to resign from their posts, striking down Section 4(a) of COMELEC Resolution 8678, Section 13 of Republic Act 9369, and Section 66 of the Omnibus Election Code as unconstitutional, "for violating the equal protection clause and being too broad."


2010 Philippine general election, General issues, Party-switching
As election day approached, several politicians switched political parties in order to gain votes and funding for the campaign. Many switches were controversial, with the ruling party Lakas Kampi CMD having the most defections, most of which went either to the Liberal Party or to the Nacionalista Party.


2010 Philippine general election, General issues, Party-switching
The politicians who switched parties after the start of the local campaign period are:


2010 Philippine general election, General issues, Party-switching
Furthermore, Luis "Chavit" Singson resigned from Lakas and endorsed a candidate aside from Gilberto Teodoro, but did not join another party. Singson endorsed Villar, then resigned from Lakas, but has not joined Villar's Nacionalista Party.


2010 Philippine general election, Controversies
Five days before the elections, petitions were made to postpone the elections due to technical malfunctions with the electronic voting machines. On May 7, 2010, the Supreme Court rejected the petitions, affirming the vote would go ahead as planned.


2010 Philippine general election, Controversies
Several cities and provinces encountered several problems, postponing the election. In Caloocan, voting was delayed as the box of ballots delivered to clustered precinct 599 in the city's Pajo district contained ballots for a clustered precinct in Sampaloc, Manila.


2010 Philippine general election, Controversies, Election-related violence
Prior to the end of the filing of certificates of candidacy, the COMELEC had anticipated several areas to be named as "election hotspots".


2010 Philippine general election, Controversies, Election-related violence
On November 23, 2009, the entourage of the wife of Buluan, Maguindanao vice-mayor Esmael Mangudadatu who ran for provincial governor, including journalists, were abducted and killed in the province's town of Ampatuan. Before she was killed, Mangudadatu's wife blamed provincial governor Andal Ampatuan Jr. as the culprit. Ampatuan Jr. was later arrested. After several arms and military vehicles were seized in Ampatuans' properties and government installations, President Arroyo declared martial law in parts of the province not controlled by the Moro Islamic Liberation Front on December 4.


2010 Philippine general election, Controversies, Election-related violence
On December 28, 2009, a candidate for councilor died, and two incumbent officials were wounded in an ambush in Dingras, Ilocos Norte. The gunmen fired at the convoy including barangay chairwoman Joen Caniete, who was running for councilor under the Nacionalista Party; the wounded included a sitting councilor and a provincial board member.


2010 Philippine general election, Controversies, Election-related violence
In Sorsogon, Julio Esquivias, a Nacionalista candidate for councilor in the town of Casiguran, died due to a gunshot wound after he was shot by an unidentified gunman.


2010 Philippine general election, Controversies, Election-related violence
In a command conference by the Armed Forces of the Philippines, Philippine National Police and the COMELEC, 14 election "hotspots" were identified. They were Abra, Ilocos Norte, Masbate and Nueva Ecija in Luzon, Samar (Western Samar), Eastern Samar and Antique in the Visayas, and Basilan, Sulu, Maguindanao, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Sarangani, and Zamboanga Sibugay in Mindanao.


2010 Philippine general election, Controversies, Election-related violence
Worsening private armed violence was a serious security concern which had the capacity to undermine the 2010 elections. Even though a commission was already formed to dismantle private armies, skeptics were unconvinced that the government could have succeeded in this task as it had a poor track record of dealing with the ongoing problem of internal violence.


2010 Philippine general election, Controversies, Election-related violence
Before election day, a bomb exploded at 1:20 a.m. in Ampatuan, Maguindanao. No casualties were reported. In Conception, Iloilo, armed men fired at the Liberal Party headquarters. No casualties were reported.


2010 Philippine general election, Controversies, Election-related violence
During election day, three bombs exploded at a polling precinct at Pakpak elementary school in Marawi City, Lanao del Sur. No casualties or injuries were reported. Another bomb exploded in Zamboanga Sibugay, killing three people. Two bombs exploded at Mindanao State University where several polling precinct were clustered. An NK2 grenade exploded at Shariff Aguak, Maguindanao. No casualties reported. On the same day, at 12:00nn (PST), a shooting incident happened in the same area between the rival candidates. Two innocent persons were killed.


2010 Philippine general election, Controversies, Election-related violence
As of 1:30pm (PST) fourteen casualties were reported due to election-related violence. at 2:25pm (PST), a shooting incident in a barangay in Maguindanao caused the local cancellation of the elections.


2010 Philippine general election, Controversies, Constitutionality of the elections
Many concerned civil society groups including the Center for People Empowerment in Governance (CenPEG), Philippine Computer Society (PCS), and Global Filipino Nation (GFN) protested the illegality and unconstitutionality of how the elections were conducted, particularly with implementing safety measures against fraud and cheating.


2010 Philippine general election, Controversies, Constitutionality of the elections
In an interim report by GFN 2010 Election Observers Team released on May 27 titled , they presented arguments questioning the May 10, 2010 elections summarized below:


2010 Philippine general election, Controversies, Constitutionality of the elections
Many different groups also echoed the same sentiments like Kaakbay Partylist in its critique of the May 10, 2010 polls. They also questioned the removal of digital signatures


2010 Philippine general election, Controversies, Constitutionality of the elections, Removal of digital signatures
While Republic Act 9369 states that "The election returns transmitted electronically and digitally signed shall be considered as official election results and shall be used as the basis for the canvassing of votes and the proclamation of a candidate. ", the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) issued Resolution 8786 on March 4, 2010, which became the basis for the decision to remove digital signatures which the COMELEC ruled as no longer necessary. Three Board of Election Inspectors (BEIs) were originally required to put in their iButton Key for the results to be digitally signed before transmission and make it official. But because of the issuance of COMELEC Resolution 8786, BEIs were directed to press "No" when asked by the PCOS machines to digitally sign the files for transmission.


2010 Philippine general election, Controversies, Constitutionality of the elections, Removal of digital signatures
In the joint committee meeting at Batasang Pambansa, Senator Enrile asked the COMELEC officials why they removed the use of the digital signatures. Cesar Flores, Smartmatic Asia Pacific president, said “The voting machine has a digital signature in itself which is also corroborated in the card and the password that is provided to the BEIs. The BEIs when they sign the password, they encrypt the result, and the result is digitally signed.” (Sic)


2010 Philippine general election, Controversies, Constitutionality of the elections, Removal of digital signatures
Kaakbay Partylist released its critique of the election on June 6, 2010. The group cited complaints regarding the removal of main security features and verifiability of votes and also answered the arguments of those given by the COMELEC officials:


2010 Philippine general election, Controversies, Constitutionality of the elections, Removal of digital signatures
"On March 4, 2010, Comelec issued Resolution 8786 dated March 4, 2010, essentially disabling the use of digital signatures. Thus, the electronically transmitted votes from the precincts no longer bear digital signatures.


2010 Philippine general election, Controversies, Constitutionality of the elections, Removal of digital signatures
Several excuses were given by Comelec ranging from PCOS machine signatures being equivalent to digital signature (which of course is not true); use of digital signature will require another P1 billion (as if digital feature is not included in the P7.1-billion contract); reducing transmission time (how less than one minute signing digitally will reduce much a transmission of about 30 to 60 minutes? ); and the PCOS i-button and BEI Personal Identification Numbers (PINs) are equivalents (of course, not)".


2010 Philippine general election, Results
Reports indicated that the election day was marred with controversies, particularly in the insurgent-ridden province of Mindanao, though other provinces also faced difficulties such as computer glitches on the voting machines, disorderly conduct, vote buying, and violence. In Cebu City, spikes placed by unidentified men on the road caused a delay in the delivery of ballot boxes throughout the province of Cebu early Monday.


2010 Philippine general election, Results
A total of over 76,340 precinct count optical scanner (PCOS) machines, about 5,000 back-up units, and about 1,700 servers were deployed in the country's first nationwide fully automated elections—from counting of votes to transmission and canvassing of election results. Election Day had live full coverage from GMA 7 and ABS-CBN. Besides logistical problems, during the last few days prior to the election poll machine and services supplier Smartmatic-Total Information Management (TIM) found cases of PCOS machine failures.


2010 Philippine general election, Results
Nonetheless, it was decided not to postpone elections since the technical issues were resolved quickly and the solution could be deployed by the day of election. Despite the fact that some provinces reported issues in the election process, these did not surpass the 0.50% of the total number of PCOS machines, and most were replaced on time, as planned for. As a result of the delays, the COMELEC extended voting hours from 6:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. and continued through the night transmitting the votes from every precinct scattered across the country.


2010 Philippine general election, Results
After the elections closed and transmissions from PCOS machines began arriving en masse and the COMELEC was able to publish the first partial results, many former doubts and concerns vanished, replaced by astonishment due to the unprecedented speed of the tally.


2010 Philippine general election, Results, President
The presidential candidate with the greatest number of votes, Benigno Aquino III was declared the winner. A separate election was held for the vice president; the two elected officials need not be running mates in order to be elected.


2010 Philippine general election, Results, Congress, Senate
One-half of the Philippine Senate was up for election. The Philippines uses the plurality-at-large voting system for the Senate race.


2010 Philippine general election, Results, Congress, House of Representatives
All seats in the House were up for election, elections were done for legislative districts and party-list.


2010 Philippine general election, International reaction
The United States and the European Union praised the republic for the smooth elections. The US embassy was one of the first to hail the general elections.


2010 Philippine general election, International reaction
We look forward to a smooth transition and, after June 30, to working with the new Philippine government to deepen the friendship and partnership between our two nations, and to advance our common goals for the benefit of the Southeast Asia region and the world.


2010 Philippine general election, International reaction
Seeing the patience and the number of people turned in the elections, EU ambassador Alistair MacDonald shared his experience and reflection in observing the Filipinos.


2010 Philippine general election, International reaction
I had the privilege of observing the electoral process in both Cavite and Batangas and was impressed by the manner in which this first nationwide automated election was conducted.


2010 Philippine general election, International reaction
Despite the intense heat, the long lines and the inevitable unfamiliarity of a new process, our observations suggested that this process was carried out smoothly, and the results transmitted rapidly, in the great majority of cases.


2010 Philippine general election, International reaction
MacDonald also expressed that the EU was impressed for the elections being "smooth” and “generally trouble-free.”


2010 Philippine general election, International reaction
He also appreciated the teacher's hard work for the said elections.


2010 Philippine gubernatorial elections
Gubernatorial elections was held in the Philippines on May 10, 2010. All provinces elected their provincial governors for three-year terms that will begin on June 30, 2010. Governors that are currently serving their third consecutive terms are prohibited from running as governors (they may run in any other position).


2010 Philippine gubernatorial elections
Highly urbanized cities and independent component cities such as Zamboanga City, Angeles City and Cebu City, and including Metro Manila and the municipality of Pateros are outside the jurisdiction of any province and thus won't elect for governors of their mother provinces (Pampanga and Cebu, for Angeles and Cebu City). They, along with Metro Manila would elect mayors instead.


2010 Philippine gubernatorial elections, Background
Lakas-Kampi-CMD, the merged party of Lakas-CMD and KAMPI of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, has a majority of the provincial governorships in the lead-up to the 2010 elections. The Liberal Party (Philippines) was a far second. However, with the resolution of pending disputed election results by the Commission on Elections (COMELEC), the Liberals lost three more governorships. Attracting international attention is the election race for governor of Maguindanao where Esmael Mangudadatu will be competing after a rival clan kidnapped and murdered 57 people including his wife, sisters, aides, and lawyers, plus several journalists.


2010 Philippine gubernatorial elections, Background, Bulacan
On December 1, 2009, the COMELEC's Second Division ruled that Roberto Pagdanganan defeated Jonjon Mendoza in the 2007 elections, with Pagdanganan garnering 342,295 votes, 4,231 votes over Mendoza. Mendoza was a member of KAMPI prior to switching to the Liberals, and Pagdanganan was a member of Lakas-CMD before joining the Nacionalista Party. Mendoza and Pagdanganan won't contest the governorship; Pagdanganan is running for Congress as representative of Bulacan's 1st district, while Mendoza is running as representative from Bulacan's 3rd district, while her sister, former governor Josefina Dela Cruz will run as her brother's replacement.


2010 Philippine gubernatorial elections, Background, Isabela
In Isabela, Grace Padaca of the Liberal Party defeated Benjamin "Ben" Dy of the Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC) via a margin of 17,007 votes, with Padaca garnering 237,128 votes and Dy having 220,121 votes. Padaca was proclaimed winner on June 30, the day of inauguration of all local officials.


2010 Philippine gubernatorial elections, Background, Isabela
On December 8, 2009, the COMELEC Second Division ruled that Dy defeated Grace Padaca by a margin of 1,051 votes, with Dy garnering 199,435 over Padaca's 198,384. Padaca previously defeated Benjamin's brother Faustino Jr. in the 2004 election, ending the Dy's three-decade long rule in Isabela. This time, it's one of Ben's brothers, Faustino III also known as Bojie, who will contest Padaca in the 2010 gubernatorial election, with the ruling Lakas-Kampi-CMD party nominating him; while Ben on the other hand will vie for the mayorship of Cauayan City instead.


2010 Philippine gubernatorial elections, Background, Pampanga
Arroyo's home province of Pampanga had one of the most hotly contested gubernatorial elections in 2007, with three out of six candidates having a realistic chance of winning: then incumbent Mark Lapid (Lakas-CMD), board member Lilia Pineda (KAMPI) and Roman Catholic priest-on-leave Eddie Panlilio (Independent). Panlilio was proclaimed the winner, garnering 219,706 votes, with Pineda obtaining 218,559 and Lapid having 210,875 votes.