2009 in archosaur paleontology, Non-avian dinosaurs, Aves, Newly described birds
Federico L. Agnolin, 2009, made it the type species of the separate genus Noriegavis Agnolin, 2009. Originally interpreted as a seriema; Noriega & Mayr (2017) reinterpreted it as a member of the falconid genus Thegornis of uncertain specific assignment, on the basis of a reexamination of the holotype specimen.


2009 in archosaur paleontology, Non-avian dinosaurs, Aves, Newly described birds
A member of the family Confuciusornithidae. Considered to be a junior synonym of Confuciusornis sanctus by Wang, O'Connor & Zhou (2018).


2009 in archosaur paleontology, Non-avian dinosaurs, Aves, Newly described birds
A Diomedeoididae Fischer, 1985, placed in Rupelornis van Beneden, 1871 by Gerald Mayr and Thierry Smith, 2012


2009 in archosaur paleontology, Non-avian dinosaurs, Aves, Newly described birds
Originally described as a member of Ardeidae and a species of Egretta; however, Zelenkov (2017) considered this species to be a junior synonym of the barn-owl species Tyto campiterrae Jánossy (1991).


2009 in archosaur paleontology, Non-avian dinosaurs, Aves, Newly described birds
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Euenantiornithes Chiappe, 2002, this is the type species of the new genus.


2009 in archosaur paleontology, Non-avian dinosaurs, Aves, Newly described birds
An Anseranatidae, this is the type species of the new genus.


2009 in archosaur paleontology, Non-avian dinosaurs, Aves, Newly described birds
An Accipitridae, this is the type species of the new genus.


2009 in archosaur paleontology, Non-avian dinosaurs, Aves, Newly described birds
A basal Ornithurae Haeckel, 1866, this is the type species of the new genus.


2009 in archosaur paleontology, Non-avian dinosaurs, Aves, Newly described birds
A Phasianidae, this is the type species of the new genus.


2009 in archosaur paleontology, Non-avian dinosaurs, Aves, Newly described birds
An Anatidae, this is the type species of the new genus.


2009 in archosaur paleontology, Non-avian dinosaurs, Aves, Newly described birds
A member of the family Rallidae. Originally described as a species Porzana; Zelenkov (2017) transferred this species to the genus Zapornia.


2009 in archosaur paleontology, Non-avian dinosaurs, Aves, Newly described birds
An Alcidae, this is the type species of the new genus.


2009 in archosaur paleontology, Non-avian dinosaurs, Aves, Newly described birds
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Longipterygidae Zhang, Zhou, Hou et Gu, 2000, this is the type species of the new genus.


2009 in archosaur paleontology, Non-avian dinosaurs, Aves, Newly described birds
A Columbidae, this is the type species of the new genus.


2009 in archosaur paleontology, Non-avian dinosaurs, Aves, Newly described birds
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Familia Longipterygidae Zhang, Zhou, Hou et Gu, 2000, this is the type species of the new genus.


2009 in archosaur paleontology, Non-avian dinosaurs, Aves, Newly described birds
An Anatidae, Kaua'i Mole Duck, a Hawaiian duck that probably lived a kiwi-like lifestyle, this is the type species of the new genus.


2009 in archosaur paleontology, Non-avian dinosaurs, Pterosaurs
A pterodactyloid known from a juvenile specimen whose fossils preserved details of the flight membrane and fur.


2009 in archosaur paleontology, Non-avian dinosaurs, Pterosaurs
A primitive long tailed pterosaur. The type specimen shows evidence of the animal having broken its shin while alive.


2009 in arthropod paleontology
This list of fossil arthropods described in 2009 is a list of new taxa of trilobites, fossil insects, crustaceans, arachnids and other fossil arthropods that have been described during the year 2009, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to arthropod paleontology that occurred.


2009 in arthropod paleontology, Insects
Fossil Dolichoderine ant.Moved from Iridomyrmex oblongiceps to Eldermyrmex oblongiceps in 2011.


2009 in arthropod paleontology, Insects
A formicine ant, new combination for Prenolepis pygmaea; jr synonym of Nylanderia pygmaea


2009 in arthropod paleontology, Trilobites
A member of the family Illaenidae. Genus includes new species A. intermedius.


2009 in arthropod paleontology, Trilobites
A member of the family Ellipsocephalidae. The type species is B. prakritika; genus also includes "Syspacephalus" obscurus Palmer and Halley (1979).


2009 in arthropod paleontology, Trilobites
A new genus for "Catillicephala" glasgowensis Jago & Cooper (2005).


2009 in arthropod paleontology, Trilobites
A member of the family Dinesidae. The type species is H. parvatya.


2009 in arthropod paleontology, Trilobites
A member of the family Lisaniidae. The type species is "Eoshengia" sudani Jell & Hughes (1997).


2009 in arthropod paleontology, Trilobites
A member of the new family Jamrogiidae. Genus includes new species J. jamrogensis.


2009 in arthropod paleontology, Trilobites
Possibly a member of Hystricuridae. Genus includes new species L. shawi, as well as "Pseudohystricurus" orbus Ross (1953).


2009 in association football
The following are the association football events of the year 2009 throughout the world.


2009 in association football, National champions, CONCACAF
Note: "(A)" means Apertura champion; "(C)" mean Clausura champion. Note: "(P)" designates the MLS Cup playoffs champion; "(L)" designates the MLS Supporters' Shield winner.


2009 in aviation, Events
During the year, the airlines Aeromak, City Link Air, FlyMontserrat, KentuckySkies, Mint Airways, and Trawel Fly are established, the airlines Air Arabia Maroc, Arik Niger, and Nile Air commence flight operations, and Sol Dominicana Airlines ceases operations.


2009 in aviation, Events, December
T*he first Solar Impulse aircraft, HB-SIA, the first solar-powered aircraft capable of flying both day and night thanks to batteries charged by solar power that provide it with power during darkness, makes its first flight, a short hop of 350 meters (1,148 feet) at an altitude of 1 meter (3.28 feet) at Dubendorf, Switzerland.


2009 in baseball
The following are the baseball events of the year 2009  throughout the world.


2009 in baseball, Events, September
There have been a lot of issues that we've lived with during the year, but the last few days became too much for me to tolerate, to be honest with you. I'm not going to let our great fans become an excuse, I'm not going to tolerate not answering questions from the media respectfully. Whether you feel like talking or not, it's part of our jobs. I'm not going to allow disrespect to other people in that locker room and uniformed personnel. The only real negativity here is his own production.


2009 in basketball
The following are the basketball events of the year 2009  throughout the world.


2009 in basketball
Tournaments include international (FIBA), professional (club) and amateur and collegiate levels.


2009 in chess
Below is a list of events in chess during the year 2009, as well as the men's and women's FIDE rankings of that year:


2009 in chess, Titles awarded, Grandmaster
In 2009 FIDE awarded the title Grandmaster to the following players:


2009 in comics
Notable events of 2009 in comics. See also List of years in comics.


2009 in country music
This is a list of notable events in country music that took place in 2009.


2009 in country music, Top hits of the year
The following songs placed within the Top 20 on the Hot Country Songs or Canada Country charts in 2009:


2009 in country music, Top new album releases
The following albums placed within the Top 50 on the Top Country Albums charts in 2009:


2009 in darts
This article documents all the events in the sport of darts over the course of 2009.


2009 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series
The Rock Band series of music video games supports downloadable songs for the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and Wii versions through the consoles' respective online services. Users can download songs on a track-by-track basis, with many of the tracks also offered as part of a "song pack" or complete album at a discounted rate. These packs are available for the Wii only on Rock Band 3. Most downloadable songs are playable within every game mode, including the Band World Tour career mode. All downloadable songs released before October 26, 2010 are cross-compatible between Rock Band, Rock Band 2 and Rock Band 3, while those after only work with Rock Band 3. Certain songs deemed "suitable for all ages" by Harmonix are also available for use in Lego Rock Band.


2009 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series
The Wii version of Rock Band does not support downloadable content, but Rock Band 2 and Rock Band 3 do, with DLC first made available in January 2009. Songs from the back catalogue of downloadable content were released for the Wii weekly in an effort by Harmonix to provide Wii players with every previously available song.


2009 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series
Following the release of Rock Band 4 for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, all previously purchased downloadable content for Rock Band 3 and earlier is forward compatible (with the exception of any downloadable content purchased for The Beatles: Rock Band) within the same system family at no additional cost.


2009 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series, List of songs released in 2009
The following table lists the available songs for the Rock Band series released in 2009. All songs available in packs are also available as individual song downloads on the same date, unless otherwise noted. New songs are released on Tuesdays for Xbox Live and Thursdays for PSN, unless otherwise noted. Dates listed are the initial release of songs on Xbox Live. Starting May 20, 2008, all downloadable songs are available in both the North American and European markets, unless noted.


2009 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series, List of songs released in 2009
Some songs released before Rock Band 3 have been retrofitted to include Rock Band 3 features, including backing vocals, and the ability to buy an additional pack for Pro Guitar/Bass charts without having to buy the "RB3 Version" of the song. Certain songs have been marked "family friendly" by Harmonix; such songs released before Rock Band 3's launch on October 26, 2010, can be played in Lego Rock Band.


2009 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series, List of songs released in 2009
Starting October 26 (with The Doors), all new songs are only playable in Rock Band 3, due to a change in the file format. All songs released via downloadable content are playable in Rock Band 3, and support its new Pro Drum mode. Most songs released for Rock Band 3 include core features for keyboards, Pro Keyboards, and backing vocals in the core song, where they are appropriate. Additionally, some of these songs features charts for Pro Guitar and Bass that can also be purchased.


2009 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series, List of songs released in 2009
As of October 2009, over 800 songs have been made available as downloadable content (DLC). As of October 19, 2009, over 60 million downloadable song purchases have been made by players. The following is a list of the songs that have been released in 2009.


2009 in film
The year 2009 saw the release of many films. Seven made the top 50 list of highest-grossing films. Also in 2009, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences announced that as of that year, their Best Picture category would consist of ten nominees, rather than five (the first time since the 1943 awards).


2009 in film, Evaluation of the year
Film critic Philip French of The Guardian said that 2009 "began with the usual flurry of serious major movies given late December screenings in Los Angeles to qualify for the Oscars. They're now forgotten or vaguely regarded as semi-classics: The Reader, Che, Slumdog Millionaire, Frost/Nixon, Revolutionary Road, The Wrestler, Gran Torino, The Curious Case of Benjamin Button.


2009 in film, Evaluation of the year
It soon became apparent that horror movies would be the dominant genre once again, with vampires the pre-eminent sub-species, the most profitable inevitably being New Moon, the latest in Stephenie Meyer's Twilight saga, the best the subtle Swedish Let the Right One In and the worst the British horror spoof Lesbian Vampire Killers. Documentaries continued to flourish, introducing us to fascinating new worlds: Afghan TV talent shows (Afghan Star), Australian exploitation cinema (Not Quite Hollywood), haute couture (The September Issue).


2009 in film, Evaluation of the year
Animation thrived, the 3-D comeback threatened to become permanent rather than a gimmick, and the two were conjoined in a dozen 3-D animated features, the finest being Pixar's Up. Remakes and sequels abounded, none of any merit. The same went for films based on comic strips and graphic novels. British cinema generally bubbled in the doldrums. The well-acted Fish Tank was overrated, as was the dull costume drama The Young Victoria.


2009 in film, Evaluation of the year
The best films by native directors were fuelled by our obsession with soccer (Ken Loach's Looking for Eric and Tom Hooper's The Damned United) or directed by foreigners (New Zealander Jane Campion's Bright Star, and two films by Danes: Nicholas Winding Refn's Bronson and Lone Scherfig's An Education). The most original British film was Christine Molloy and Joe Lawlor's low-key, low-budget Helen, a formally innovative look at provincial life.


2009 in film, Evaluation of the year
2009 was a mostly undistinguished year for Hollywood, with indifferent films from Woody Allen (Vicky Cristina Barcelona), Michael Mann (Public Enemies) and others, and deadly blockbusters such as Angels & Demons and 2012. The Coen brothers, however, were on form, examining their midwestern Jewish roots in A Serious Man, and Kathryn Bigelow's The Hurt Locker was the best film yet about Iraq. From Europe we had several striking revisionist accounts of violent resistance to Nazi occupation in the second world war: Flammen & Citronen (Denmark), Max Manus: Man of War (Norway) and The Army of Crime (France).


2009 in film, Evaluation of the year
But they were drowned in the tsunami of Quentin Tarantino's lunatic second world war fantasy Inglourious Basterds. The most likable European picture was the Italian Mid-August Lunch, the directorial debut of 60-year-old Gianni Di Gregorio (screenwriter on Gomorrah), and the three most memorably argumentative and provocative were Paolo Sorrentino's Il Divo, Lars von Trier's Antichrist and Michael Haneke's The White Ribbon. The performances I most enjoyed were impersonations: Meryl Streep's Julia Child (Julie & Julia) and Christian McKay's Orson in Me and Orson Welles."


2009 in film, Highest-grossing films
The top 10 films released in 2009 by worldwide gross are as follows:


2009 in film, Highest-grossing films
Avatar surpassed Titanic as the highest-grossing film of all time on January 25, 2010. Avatar then became the first film to earn more than $2 billion at the box office on January 31, 2010. Avatar was surpassed by Avengers: Endgame as the highest-grossing film of all time on July 21, 2019. Due to a re-release, Avatar retook the title from Endgame on March 13, 2021.


2009 in film, 2009 films
The list of films released in 2009, arranged by country, are as follows:


2009 in games
This page lists board and card games, wargames, miniatures games, and tabletop role-playing games published in 2009. For video games, see 2009 in video gaming.


2009 in golf
This article summarizes the highlights of professional and amateur golf in the year 2009.


2009 in golf, Men's professional golf
FedEx Cup playoff events - see 2009 FedEx Cup Playoffs


2009 in golf, Men's professional golf
For a complete list of PGA Tour results see 2009 PGA Tour.


2009 in golf, Men's professional golf
For a complete list of European Tour results see 2009 European Tour.


2009 in golf, Women's professional golf
Ladies European Tour major (in addition to the Women's British Open)


2009 in golf, Women's professional golf
For a complete list of Ladies European Tour results see Ladies European Tour.


2009 in golf, Women's professional golf
For a complete list of LPGA Tour results see LPGA Tour.


2009 in golf, Table of results
This table summarizes all the results referred to above in date order.


2009 in golf, Table of results
The following biennial events will next be played in 2010: Ryder Cup, Curtis Cup, Espirito Santo Trophy.


2009 in hammer throw
This page lists the World Best Year Performance in the year 2009 in both the men's and the women's hammer throw. The main event during this season were the 2009 World Athletics Championships in Berlin, Germany, where the final of the men's competition was held on August 17, 2009. The women had their final five days later, on August 22, 2009.


2009 in heavy metal music
This is a timeline documenting the events of heavy metal in the year 2009.


2009 in heavy metal music, Films
On 8 December, Bill Zebub will release Pagan Metal: A Documentary, the first documentary about pagan and folk metal.


2009 in hip hop music
This article summarizes the events, album releases, and album release dates in hip hop music for the year 2009.


2009 in home video
The following movies, television shows, and miniseries were released on Blu-ray Disc and/or DVD on the following dates in 2009 in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom.


2009 in jazz
This is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 2009.


2009 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 2009.


2009 in mammal paleontology
This article records new taxa of fossil mammals of every kind that have been described during the year 2009, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of mammals that occurred in the year 2009.


2009 in mammal paleontology, Mammals
A rodent belonging to the family Muridae, a species of Arvicanthis.


2009 in mammal paleontology, Mammals
A member of Primatomorpha belonging to the family Microsyopidae. The type species is C. foxi; genus also includes "Navajovius" mckennai Szalay (1969).


2009 in mammal paleontology, Mammals
A member of the family Amphilemuridae. The type species is C. mississippiensis.


2009 in mammal paleontology, Mammals
A rhinoceros. Originally described as a species of Diaceratherium; Tissier, Antoine & Becker (2021) interpreted it as a junior synonym of Ronzotherium romani.


2009 in mammal paleontology, Mammals
An aplodontiid rodent, a new genus for the species "Allomys" storeri Tedrow and Korth. Genus also contains two new species: Disallomys robustus and D. intermedius.


2009 in mammal paleontology, Mammals
A member of the family Miacidae. The type species is E. parydros.


2009 in mammal paleontology, Mammals
A member of Mustelidae belonging to the subfamily Mellivorinae. The type species is H. valentini.


2009 in mammal paleontology, Mammals
A member of Litopterna belonging to the family Sparnotheriodontidae; a replacement name for Notolophus Bond et al. (2006).


2009 in mammal paleontology, Mammals
A caviomorph rodent related to the group Octodontoidea. Originally described as a species of Sallamys; subsequently transferred to the genus Migraveramus by Pérez et al. (in press).


2009 in mammal paleontology, Mammals
A dormouse. The type species is "Pseudodryomys" simplicidens De Bruijn (1966); genus also includes "Pseudodryomys" robustus De Bruijn (1967), "Pseudodryomys" aljaphi Hugueney et al. (1978) and "Pseudodryomys" julii Daams (1989), as well as new species S. meulenorum.


2009 in mammal paleontology, Mammals
A member of the family Viverravidae. The type species is V. omnivorus.


2009 in men's road cycling
In 2009 a number of prominent riders returned to professional cycling. Ivan Basso, Floyd Landis and Michele Scarponi had finished a suspension. Bjorn Leukemans was without a team for over a year due to doping-related allegations, which were proven to be ungrounded. Most notably, seven time Tour de France winner Lance Armstrong returned after a three-and-half year break, starting his season as a Astana-rider in the Tour Down Under.


2009 in men's road cycling
The teams Gerolsteiner and Saunier Duval–Scott, both who were connected to some major doping cases in 2008, saw their title sponsors drop out. The Spanish squad found a new sponsor in Fuji Bikes and was granted another ProTour license as Fuji–Servetto. However, race organizer ASO did not invite the team for their races, and they did not participate in the Tour de France. New teams in the ProTour are Garmin–Slipstream from the United States and Team Katusha (built from the former Tinkoff Credit Systems) from Russia. One notable new ProContinental team, started from scratch, is the Cervélo TestTeam, which managed to sign 2008 Tour de France-winner Carlos Sastre and Norwegian sprinter Thor Hushovd. Like another new ProContinental team, Vacansoleil from the Netherlands, Katusha and Cervélo immediately proved successful in the early months of the season.


2009 in men's road cycling
This year's World Championships will be held in Mendrisio, Switzerland.


2009 in men's road cycling
The UCI ProTour ranking, which was heavily devalued in 2008 due to the withdrawal from the ProTour by the three Grand Tour organizers, was replaced by the UCI World Ranking, based on a new World Calendar - effectively combining the existing 14 ProTour races with the Monuments and Grand Tours that are currently organized as "Historic" races.


2009 in men's road cycling, Other World Calendar events
These races contribute, along with the Grand Tours and the UCI ProTour races, towards the 2009 UCI World Ranking


2009 in men's road cycling, 2.HC Category Races
The prefix 2 indicates that these events are stage races.


2009 in men's road cycling, 1.HC Category Races
The prefix 1 indicates that these events are one-day races.


2009 in modern pentathlon
This article lists the main modern pentathlon events and their results for 2009.


2009 in motorsport
The following is an overview of the events of 2009 in motorsport including the major racing events, motorsport venues that were opened and closed during a year, championships and non-championship events that were established and disestablished in a year, and births and deaths of racing drivers and other motorsport people.


2009 in motorsport, Annual events
The calendar includes only annual major non-championship events or annual events that had significance separate from the championship. For the dates of the championship events see related season articles.


2009 in music
This topic covers notable events and articles related to 2009 in music.


2009 in music, Best-selling albums globally and in the U.S.
The best-selling records in 2009 in the world according to IFPI:


2009 in music, Best-selling albums globally and in the U.S.
The best-selling records in 2009 in the US according to Nielsen Soundscan:


2009 in music, Top hits on record in the world, United Kingdom
UK Official Top 75 Hits – Singles which have ranked within Top 20


2009 in music, Top hits on record in the world, United States
Billboard Hot 100 Hits – Singles which have ranked within Top 20


2009 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2009.


2009 in paleontology, Cephalopods
Three new species of extinct Octopoda discovered in 2009. The species – Keuppia hyperbolaris, Keuppia levante, and Styletoctopus annae – lived about 95 million years ago, and bear a strong resemblance to modern octopuses, suggesting that the Octopoda order has remained relatively unchanged for tens of millions of years. The fossils included evidence of arms, muscles, rows of suckers, ink, and internal gills. The discovery was made by a team led by Dirk Fuchs of the Freie University, which is located at Berlin, Germany. The fossils were found at Hakel and Hadjoula, Lebanon. Various new ammonoid taxa were named, including Ivoites.


2009 in paleontology, Cartilaginous fish
A member of Hybodontoidea. Genus includes new species G. tungshengi.


2009 in paleontology, Cartilaginous fish
A member of Iniopterygidae. The type species is P. stahlae.


2009 in paleontology, Cartilaginous fish
A member of Iniopterygidae. The type species is R. zangerli.


2009 in paleontology, Bony fish
Abkhazia Azerbaijan Czech Republic France Germany Hungary Poland Romania Russia Ukraine


2009 in paleontology, Turtles, Newly named turtles
A basal member of Testudinata. The type species is C. tenertesta. The genus Chinlechelys was considered to be a junior synonym of the genus Proganochelys by Joyce (2017), though the author maintained C. tenertesta as a distinct species within the latter genus.


2009 in paleontology, Lepidosauromorphs, Plesiosaurs
Replacement name for Nichollsia Druckenmiller & Russell, 2008, preoccupied by an isopod genus Nichollsia Chopra & Tiwari, 1950


2009 in paleontology, Lepidosauromorphs, Plesiosaurs
A member of Polycotylidae. The type species is R. singularis.


2009 in paleontology, Lepidosauromorphs, Squamates
In February, the fossils of 28 individual T. cerrejonensis (Titanoboas) were announced to have been found in the coal mines of Cerrejón, La Guajira, Colombia.


2009 in paleontology, Relevant research in other sciences, Extinction
A study noting the effects of the KT mass extinction on Earth's modern biota is published.


2009 in paleontology, Footnotes, Complete author list
As science becomes more collaborative, papers with large numbers of authors are becoming more common. To prevent the deformation of the tables, these footnotes list the contributors to papers that erect new genera and have many authors.


2009 in piracy
In 2009, much greater international resolution has resulted in more control of piracy than in the prior decade, although many pirates still operate from Somalia.


2009 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


2009 in poetry, Works published in English
Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:


2009 in poetry, Works published in English, New Zealand, Poets in Best New Zealand Poems
Poems from these 25 poets were selected by James Brown for Best New Zealand Poems 2008, published online this year:


2009 in poetry, Works published in English, United States, Poets in The Best American Poetry 2009
These poets appeared in The Best American Poetry 2009, with David Lehman, general editor, and David Wagoner, guest editor (who selected the poetry):


2009 in poetry, Works published in other languages, Russia
Books of poetry were published this year by Igor Bulatovsky, Ilya Kucherov, Dmitry Grigoryev, Natalya Chernykh, Aleksey Porvin, Boris Khersonsky, Aleksandr Mironov, Gali-Dana Singer and Vadim Mesyats


2009 in poetry, Awards and honors, United States awards and honors, From the Poetry Society of Virginia Student Poetry Contest
2009 Student Poetry Contest Winners :: S-3 Category – Grades 5 & 6


2009 in poetry, Awards and honors, United States awards and honors, From the Poetry Society of Virginia Student Poetry Contest
2009 Student Poetry Contest Winners :: S-4 Category – Grades 7 & 8


2009 in poetry, Awards and honors, United States awards and honors, From the Poetry Society of Virginia Student Poetry Contest
2009 Student Poetry Contest Winners :: S-5 Category – Grades 9 & 10


2009 in poetry, Awards and honors, United States awards and honors, From the Poetry Society of Virginia Student Poetry Contest
2009 Student Poetry Contest Winners :: S-6 Category – Grades 11 & 12


2009 in poetry, Awards and honors, United States awards and honors, From the Poetry Society of Virginia Student Poetry Contest
2009 Student Poetry Contest Winners :: S-7 Category – Community College


2009 in poetry, Awards and honors, United States awards and honors, From the Poetry Society of Virginia Student Poetry Contest
2009 Student Poetry Contest Winners :: S-8 Category – Undergraduate College


2009 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


2009 in politics
These are some of the notable events relating to politics in 2009:


2009 in professional wrestling
2009 in professional wrestling describes the year's events in the world of professional wrestling.


2009 in professional wrestling, Title changes, WWE
Raw and SmackDown each had a world championship, a secondary championship, a women's championship, and a male tag team championship until their respective tag team titles became shared across all the brands. ECW only had a world championship.


2009 in public domain
When a work's copyright expires, it enters the public domain. The following is a list of works that entered the public domain in 2009. Since laws vary globally, the copyright status of some works are not uniform.


2009 in public domain, Entered the public domain in countries with life + 70 years
With the exception of Belarus & Spain (which has a copyright term of Life + 80 years for creators that died before 1987), a work enters the public domain in Europe 70 years after the creator's death, if it was published during the creator's lifetime. The list is sorted alphabetically and includes a notable work of the creator that entered the public domain on January 1, 2009.


2009 in public domain, Entered the public domain in countries with life + 50 years
In most countries of Africa and Asia, as well as Belarus, Bolivia, Canada, New Zealand, Egypt and Uruguay; a work enters the public domain 50 years after the creator's death.


2009 in public domain, Entering the public domain in the United States
In the United States, the copyright status of works extends for the life of the author or artists, plus 70 years. If the work is owned by a corporation, then the copyright extends 95 years.


2009 in public domain, Entering the public domain in the United States
Due to the passing of the Copyright Term Extension Act (Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act) in 1998, no new works will enter the public domain in this jurisdiction until 2019.


2009 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 2009.


2009 in rock music
This article summarizes the events related to rock music for the year of 2009.


2009 in rugby league
This article contains information on rugby league events played in 2009. The season commenced with a friendly match between Super League clubs Leeds Rhinos and Salford City Reds in the United States in January, and concluded with the Scottish tour of South Africa in December.


2009 in rugby league, May, 8th, City vs. Country Origin
COUNTRY:1. Luke Patten (1 try), 2. James McManus, 3. Beau Scott, 4. Jamie Lyon (1 try, 3 goals), 5. Joel Monaghan, 6. Terry Campese, 7. Jarrod Mullen8. Josh Perry, 9. Michael Ennis, 10. Michael Weyman, 11. Andrew Ryan (c), 12. Ben Creagh, 13. Alan Tongue (1 try). Subs: 14. Justin Poore, 15. Chris Heighington, 16. Anthony Tupou, 17. Jamie Soward


2009 in rugby league, May, 8th, City vs. Country Origin
CITY:1. Wade McKinnon, 2. Jarryd Hayne (1 try), 3. Michael Jennings (1 try), 4. Ben Pomeroy, 5. David Williams (1 try), 6. John Sutton, 7. Peter Wallace (1 try, 6 goals)8. Keith Galloway, 9. Robbie Farah (c), 10. Luke Stuart, 11. Trent Waterhouse, 12. Mark Minichiello (2 tries), 13. Luke O'Donnell. Subs: 14. Craig Wing (1 try), 15. Shane Shackleton, 16. Mark O'Meley, 17. Ryan Hoffman


2009 in rugby league, May, 8th, ANZAC Test
AUSTRALIA:Billy Slater (Melbourne Storm), Israel Folau (Brisbane Broncos), Greg Inglis (Melbourne Storm), Justin Hodges (Brisbane Broncos), Darius Boyd (St George Illawarra Dragons), Darren Lockyer (captain – Brisbane Broncos), Johnathan Thurston (North Qld Cowboys)Petero Civoniceva (Penrith Panthers), Cameron Smith (Melbourne Storm), Steve Price (NZ Warriors) Anthony Laffranchi (Gold Coast Titans), Paul Gallen (Cronulla Sharks), Glenn Stewart (Manly Sea Eagles)Replacements: Kurt Gidley (Newcastle Knights), Brent Kite (Manly Sea Eagles), Luke Bailey (Gold Coast Titans), Anthony Watmough (Manly Sea Eagles)Coach: Tim Sheens


2009 in rugby league, May, 8th, ANZAC Test
NEW ZEALAND: Lance Hohaia (New Zealand Warriors); Sam Perrett (Sydney Roosters), Iosia Soliola (Roosters), Jerome Ropati (Warriors), Manu Vatuvei (Warriors); Nathan Fien (Warriors), Benji Marshall (captain – Wests Tigers)Roy Asotasi (South Sydney), Dene Halatau (Wests Tigers), Adam Blair (Melbourne Storm); David Fa'alogo (South Sydney), Bronson Harrison (Canberra Raiders); Simon Mannering (Warriors) Replacements: Greg Eastwood (Canterbury Bulldogs), Jeff Lima (Storm), Jason Nightingale (St George Illawarra), Sika Manu (Storm)Coach: Stephen Kearney


2009 in rugby league, June, England vs France
On 13 June England played the first rugby league international since the 2008 World Cup against France in Paris' Stade Jean-Bouin.


2009 in rugby league, June, England vs France
France:Constant Villegas (Toulouse); Vincent Duport (Catalans Dragons), Sébastien Planas (Toulouse), Jean-Philippe Baile (Catalans Dragons), Frédéric Vaccari (Catalans Dragons); Mickaël Murcia (Limoux), Thomas Bosc (Catalans Dragons); Rémi Casty (Catalans Dragons), Bentley (Catalans Dragons), Jérôme Guisset (Catalans Dragons, capt), Cyril Gossard (Catalans Dragons), Grégory Mounis (Catalans Dragons), Éric Anselme (Toulouse).


2009 in rugby league, June, England vs France
Replacements: Sébastien Martins (Pia), Romain Gagliazzo (Carcassonne), William Barthau (Catalans Dragons), Mathieu Griffi (Toulouse).


2009 in rugby league, June, England vs France
England:Shaun Briscoe (Hull KR); Peter Fox (Hull KR), Michael Shenton (Castleford), Ryan Atkins (Wakefield), Ryan Hall (Leeds); Danny McGuire (Leeds), Richard Myler (Salford); Adrian Morley (Warrington), Scott Moore (Huddersfield), Jamie Peacock (Leeds, capt), Gareth Hock (Wigan), Ben Westwood (Warrington), Sam Burgess (Bradford).


2009 in rugby league, June, England vs France
Replacements: James Roby (St Helens), James Graham (St Helens), Tony Clubb (Harlequins), Eorl Crabtree (Huddersfield).


2009 in rugby league, October
4- Melbourne Storm defeat Parramatta Eels 23–16 to win the NRL Premiership


2009 in rugby league, October, New Zealand vs. Tonga
New Zealand led 24–8 at half-time before Tonga fought back to level the scores at 24–24. New Zealand scored 16 points in a row to win the match 40–24. Four New Zealand players, Bryson Goodwin, Junior Sa'u, Frank-Paul Nuuausala and Jared Waerea-Hargreaves, made their débuts.


2009 in rugby league, October, England vs. Wales
The last time these two sides met, England won 74–0. Wales took an early lead in the match but England were too strong. England's Sam Tomkins scored a hat-trick of tries on his début. England defeated Wales away from home, 48–12.


2009 in rugby league, December
In Australia in 2009, rugby league's popularity was confirmed as it had the highest television ratings of any football code.


2009 in rugby league, Super League
The English Super League will continue in 2009 with two more teams than in previous seasons. There used to be a relegation system whereby the lowest team in a season was relegated to National League 1 but this has now been abolished. Leeds Rhinos are the back-to-back defending champions after beating St Helens R.F.C. for the last two seasons.


2009 in rugby league, National Rugby League
The National Rugby League (NRL), contested between 16 teams from Australia and New Zealand, will hold its 102nd season in 2009. The Melbourne Storm won this competition in 2009, winning the final 23–16 against the Parramatta Eels. This title was later stripped from the Storm due to salary cap breaches exposed by the NRL in 2010.


2009 in rugby league, Four Nations
Later in the year, New Zealand, Australia, England and France will compete in a new 4 Nations competition. It replaces the previous Rugby League Tri-Nations, with France making its debut this year. All four teams have been playing regularly for a few years. However, due to France's poor performances at the 2008 Rugby League World Cup they may have to qualify to make this tournament.


2009 in rugby league, Bartercard Premiership
In August this competition will kick off. It started last year and features 6 teams all over New Zealand.


2009 in rugby union
Here is the complete list of fixtures and results of test match rugby in 2009. All major international competitions, such as the Tri Nations and the Six Nations Championship, continue, as does the qualification process for the 2011 Rugby World Cup.


2009 in science
The year 2009 involved numerous significant scientific events and discoveries, some of which are listed below. 2009 was designated the International Year of Astronomy by the United Nations.


2009 in spaceflight
Several significant events in spaceflight occurred in 2009, including Iran conducting its first indigenous orbital launch, the first Swiss satellite being launched and New Zealand launching its first sounding rocket. The H-IIB and Naro-1 rockets conducted maiden flights, whilst the Tsyklon-3, Falcon 1 and Ariane 5GS were retired from service. The permanent crew of the International Space Station increased from three to six in May, and in the last few months of the year, Japan's first resupply mission to the outpost, HTV-1, was conducted successfully.


2009 in spaceflight, Overview
The internationally accepted definition of a spaceflight is any flight which crosses the Kármán line, 100 kilometres above sea level. The first spaceflight launch of the year was that of a Delta IV Heavy, carrying the USA-202 ELINT satellite, which launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station at 02:47 GMT on 18 January. This was also the first orbital launch of the year.


2009 in spaceflight, Overview
On 2 February, Iran conducted its first successful orbital launch, when a Safir was used to place the Omid satellite into low Earth orbit.


2009 in spaceflight, Overview
At 16:56 GMT on 10 February, the first major collision between two satellites in orbit occurred, resulting in the destruction of Kosmos 2251 and Iridium 33, launched in 1993 and 1997 respectively. Up until the collision, Iridium 33 was operational, and an active part of the Iridium network of satellites, whilst Kosmos 2251 was an inactive piece of space junk.


2009 in spaceflight, Overview
On 25 August, the Russo- South Korean Naro-1 rocket made its maiden flight on 25 August, marking South Korea's first involvement in conducting a satellite launch attempt, however the rocket failed to reach orbit after its payload fairing malfunctioned.


2009 in spaceflight, Overview
The first flight of the SpaceX Falcon 9 carrier rocket was scheduled to occur in November, but was delayed to February 2010 to allow more time for preparations. The SpaceX Dragon, a commercial uncrewed logistics spacecraft which was developed as part of NASA's COTS programme, was also scheduled to make its first flight in 2009, however its launch has also slipped to 2010 as a result of knock-on delays. The first H-II Transfer Vehicle, HTV-1, was successfully launched on the maiden flight of the H-IIB carrier rocket on 10 September. The first Swiss satellite, SwissCube-1, was launched on 23 September aboard a PSLV.


2009 in spaceflight, Overview
On 18 December, the Ariane 5GS made its final flight, delivering the Helios-IIB satellite into a sun-synchronous orbit. The last orbital launch of the year was conducted eleven days later, on 29 December, when a Proton-M with a Briz-M upper stage launched the DirecTV-12 satellite.


2009 in spaceflight, Space exploration
Although no planetary probes were launched in 2009, four astronomical observatories were placed into orbit. The Kepler spacecraft, which was launched by a Delta II on 7 March, entered an Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit from where it will search for exoplanets. On 14 May, and Ariane 5ECA launched the Herschel and Planck spacecraft. Both were placed at the L2 Lagrangian point between the Earth and Sun, from where they will be used for astronomy. Herschel carries an infrared telescope whilst Planck carries an optical one.


2009 in spaceflight, Space exploration
The fourth observatory to be launched was the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, or WISE, which is a replacement for the Wide Field Infrared Explorer which failed shortly after launch. WISE was launched into a sun-synchronous orbit by a Delta II on 14 December, and will be used for infrared astronomy. Repairs made to the Hubble Space Telescope during STS-125 restored it to full operations after a series of malfunctions in 2008.


2009 in spaceflight, Space exploration
Two lunar probes were launched in 2009; the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter and Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite were launched on a single Atlas V rocket on 18 June. LRO entered selenocentric orbit and began a series of experiments, whilst LCROSS remained attached to the Centaur upper stage of the carrier rocket, and flew past the Moon. After orbiting the Earth twice, LCROSS separated from the upper stage and both it and the Centaur impacted the Cabeus crater at the South Pole of the Moon, on 9 October.


2009 in spaceflight, Space exploration
By observing the Centaur's impact, LCROSS was able to confirm the presence of water on the Moon. Several other Lunar probes ceased operations in 2009; Okina impacted the far side of the Moon on 12 February, Chang'e 1 was deorbited on 1 March, having completed its operations. Kaguya was also deorbited following a successful mission, impacting near Gill crater on 12 June. The Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft failed on 29 August, having operated for less than half of its design life.


2009 in spaceflight, Space exploration
The Mars Science Laboratory and Fobos-Grunt missions to Mars had been scheduled for launch at the end of 2009, however both were delayed to 2011 to allow more time for the spacecraft to be developed. Fobos-Grunt, a sample return mission to Mars' natural satellite Phobos, would have carried the first Chinese planetary probe, Yinghuo-1.


2009 in spaceflight, Space exploration
Several flybys occurred in 2009, with Cassini continuing to orbit Saturn, passing close to a number of its natural satellites. In February, Dawn passed within 549 kilometres (341 mi) of Mars, during a gravity assist manoeuvre for its journey to the asteroid belt. In September, MESSENGER made its third and final flyby of Mercury before entering orbit in 2011. Whilst the primary objective of the flyby, achieving a gravitational assist, was successful, the spacecraft entered safe mode shortly before its closest approach, which prevented it recording data as it flew away from the planet. In November, the Rosetta spacecraft performed its third and final gravity assist flyby of Earth.


2009 in spaceflight, Crewed spaceflight
Nine crewed launches occurred in 2009, the most since 1997. STS-119, using Space Shuttle Discovery, was launched on 15 March. It installed the last set of solar arrays on the International Space Station. Soyuz TMA-14, the 100th crewed Soyuz launch, delivered the Expedition 19 crew in March. In May, Space Shuttle Atlantis conducted the final mission to service the Hubble Space Telescope, STS-125. Several days later, Soyuz TMA-15 launched with the ISS Expedition 20 crew, brought the total ISS crew size up to six for the first time.


2009 in spaceflight, Crewed spaceflight
This was also the 100th crewed spaceflight of the Soyuz programme, excluding the original Soyuz T-10 mission which failed to reach space. In July, Space Shuttle Endeavour delivered the final component of the Japanese Experiment Module on mission STS-127. STS-128, using Discovery in August, delivered supplies using the Leonardo MPLM. September saw the launch of Soyuz TMA-16, with the ISS Expedition 21 crew. This was the 100th crewed Soyuz mission reach orbit. In November, Space Shuttle Atlantis flew mission STS-129, delivering two EXPRESS Logistics Carriers to the ISS. The final crewed flight of the year, Soyuz TMA-17, was launched on 20 December with the ISS Expedition 22 crew.


2009 in spaceflight, Crewed spaceflight
Although not a spaceflight in its own right, the Ares I-X test flight was conducted on 28 October, with the rocket lifting off from Launch Complex 39B of the Kennedy Space Center at 15:30 GMT. The flight was successful and reached an altitude of around 46 kilometres (29 mi), within the upper atmosphere. A parachute failure during descent resulted in some damage to the first stage, which was recovered.


2009 in spaceflight, Launch failures
Four orbital launch failures occurred in 2009. On 24 February, a Taurus-XL launched from the Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, United States, with the Orbiting Carbon Observatory. The payload fairing did not separate from the rocket, leaving the upper stage with too much mass to reach orbit. The stage, with spacecraft and fairing still attached, reentered the atmosphere, coming down off the coast of Antarctica. The second failure was a controversial North Korean launch attempt using an Unha rocket to launch the Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 communications satellite.


2009 in spaceflight, Launch failures
The launch was conducted on 5 April, and North Korea maintains that it successfully reached orbit, however no objects from the launch were tracked as having orbital velocity, and US radar systems tracking the rocket detected that it failed at around the time of third stage ignition, with debris falling in the Pacific Ocean.


2009 in spaceflight, Launch failures
A Soyuz-2.1a suffered a failure during the launch of Meridian 2 on 21 May, due to the premature cutoff of the second core stage of the carrier rocket. The satellite was placed in a lower than planned orbit, which it was initially expected to be able to correct by means of its onboard propulsion system, and the launch was reported to be a partial failure. By the time of the next Meridian launch in 2010 it had been confirmed that the satellite could not correct its own orbit, and that the mission was a failure. On 25 August, the Naro-1 rocket was launched on its maiden flight, however one half of the payload fairing failed to separate, and it did not reach orbit.


2009 in spaceflight, Launch failures
On 31 August a Long March 3B placed the Palapa-D satellite into a lower than expected orbit after its third stage gas generator burned through, resulting in an engine failure at the start of the second burn. The satellite was able to raise itself to its correct orbit at the expense of fuel which would have been used for five or six years of operations.


2009 in spaceflight, Summary of launches
In total, seventy eight orbital launches were attempted in 2009, with seventy five catalogued as having reached orbit, and the three outright launch failures, including the North Korean launch, not being catalogued. This is an increase of nine attempts compared to 2008, and eight more launches reached orbit. This continues a four-year trend of increasing annual launch rates. The United States National Space Science Data Center catalogued 123 spacecraft placed into orbit by launches which occurred in 2009.


2009 in spaceflight, Summary of launches
Suborbital spaceflight in 2009 saw a number of sounding rocket and missile launches. New Zealand's Ātea-1 sounding rocket was launched on 30 November, marking that country's first suborbital flight. Russia twice attempted launches of its Bulava missile, however both launches failed. The second failure, which occurred on 9 December, resulted in a spiral pattern which was observed in the sky over Norway. The SpaceLoft-XL rocket experienced another launch failure during its third flight, on 2 May. The payload section separated from the rocket whilst it was still burning, and as a result the vehicle did not reach space. It had been carrying samples of cremated human remains for Celestis, and student experiments.


2009 in spaceflight, Summary of launches, By country
China conducted six launches in 2009; satellite problems early in the year followed by the fallout of the August partial launch failure resulted in many planned launches slipping into 2010. Europe launched seven Ariane 5 rockets, six in the ECA configuration and one in the GS configuration. It had also intended to launch the first Vega rocket, however this was delayed due to ongoing development issues, which had already left the project several years behind schedule.


2009 in spaceflight, Summary of launches, By country
India conducted two launches of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicles, however the first flight of a new variant of the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle with an Indian-built upper stage slipped into 2010. Japan conducted three launches; two using the H-IIA, plus the first H-IIB. Russia and the former Soviet Union conducted twenty nine launches, not including the international Sea and Land launch programmes, which conducted four, and the single Naro-1 launch conducted in cooperation with South Korea.


2009 in spaceflight, Summary of launches, By country
The United States made twenty four launch attempts, with the Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicles accounting for eight; the most EELV launches in a single year to date. Eight Delta II launches were also made, including its last mission with a GPS satellite, and its last flight with a payload for the United States armed forces. As the Delta II programme wound down, Space Launch Complex 17A at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, one of the oldest operational launch pads in the world, was deactivated.


2009 in spaceflight, Summary of launches, By country
SpaceX launched a single Falcon 1, which successfully placed an operational satellite into orbit for the first time. This was the final flight of the Falcon 1, which was subsequently retired from service in favour of the Falcon 1e. At the start of the year, a mockup Falcon 9 was erected on its launch pad at Canaveral, however the type's maiden flight slipped into 2010.


2009 in spaceflight, Summary of launches, By country
Sea Launch only conducted a single launch in 2009; a Zenit-3SL launched Sicral 1B in April. In June, the company was declared bankrupt, and subsequently it lost a number of launch contracts. By the end of the year it was expecting to resume launches in 2010. Its subsidiary, Land Launch, conducted three launches. Iran made its first successful indigenous orbital launch, however planned follow-up launches had not been conducted by the end of the year. North Korea made one launch which it claimed had successfully placed a satellite into orbit, however no such satellite was detected by any country capable of doing so. Israel was not reported to have scheduled or conducted an orbital launch attempt.


2009 in sports, Mixed martial arts
The following is a list of major noteworthy MMA events by month.


2009 in sports, Mixed martial arts
1/14 – World Victory Road Presents: Sengoku no Ran 2009


2009 in sports, Mixed martial arts
4/3 – Bellator I (Bellator FC's first event; Start of Bellator season 1)


2009 in sports, Mixed martial arts
6/20 – The Ultimate Fighter: United States vs. United Kingdom Finale


2009 in sports, Mixed martial arts
7/11 – UFC 100 (This event holds the highest PPV buyrate for a MMA event with 1.6 million buys)


2009 in sports, Mixed martial arts
12/31 – Dynamite!! 2009 (Event featured 12 DREAM/SRC MMA bouts and 6 K-1 kickboxing bouts)


2009 in sumo
The following are the events in professional sumo during 2009.


2009 in swimming
2009 in swimming documents the highlights of competitive international swimming during 2009.


2009 in swimming, World records
The tables below lists all world records broken or equalled during 2009. Records are listed in each section in date order, with records which were subsequently broken later in the year with a khaki shaded background. Records which are yet to be ratified, or are awaiting ratification following the outcomes of the "Dubai Suits Charter" and related actions by the FINA Swimsuit Commission, are listed in italics. The records shaded in light blue were not ratified by FINA and are not to be considered as the world record for that event. The given references give further details regarding the non-ratification of the relevant records.


2009 in swimming, World records
147 new world records were reported in 2009 (although some later disallowed), rewriting the world record progression in 69 of the 82 events in which FINA recognises world record standards.


2009 in tennis
This page covers all the important events in the sport of tennis in 2009. Primarily, it provides the results of notable tournaments throughout the year on both the ATP and WTA Tours, the Davis Cup, and the Fed Cup.


2009 in tennis, Changes
The structure of both the WTA and ATP tours has been changed for 2009. On the men's side, Masters Series events have been replaced by Masters 1000 tournaments, while the International Series Gold and International Series tournaments are now 500 Series and 250 Series events respectively. The season-ending ATP World Tour Finals remains unchanged.


2009 in tennis, Changes
On the women's tour, the tiered system which has existed since 1988 has been scrapped in favour of a structure closer to the men's circuit. Tier I and Tier II have been merged form WTA Premier Tournaments. The Tier III and Tier IV have also been merged into International Tournaments. The WTA Tour Championships remains in the schedule but the WTA have also initiated a second season-ending tournament, the Commonwealth Bank Tour of Champions for eight players who did not qualify for the Tour Championships (usually below the top eight in the rankings).


2009 in tennis, News, February
1 February: Rafael Nadal defeats Roger Federer in five sets to win the Australian Open


2009 in tennis, News, March
Rafael Nadal and Andy Murray win the BNP Paribas Open and the Sony Ericsson Open respectively


2009 in tennis, News, April
Rafael Nadal wins the Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters, Barcelona Open Banco Sabadell, and the Internazionali BNL d'Italia


2009 in tennis, News, May
17 May: Roger Federer overturns a 5 match losing streak to Rafael Nadal by defeating him in straight sets to win the Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open which ended his title drought


2009 in tennis, News, June
7 June: Roger Federer ties Pete Sampras's all-time record with the most grand slam singles titles (14) by defeating Robin Söderling in the final to win his first Roland Garros title


2009 in tennis, News, July
5 July: Roger Federer defeats Andy Roddick 5-7, 7-6(8), 7-6(5), 3-6, 16-14 to win his 6th Wimbledon title and record 15th Grand Slam singles title


2009 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
The following lists events that happened during 2009 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.


2009 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Events
The Child Protection Law of 2009 sets the minimum age for full-time work at 18, unless a parent consents. With parental consent, minors 15–18 may work, but no more than four hours a day. Children are barred from carrying heavy objects. This law is widely unenforced. Approximately 42% of children aged 5–14 were affected by child labor or even forced labor


2009 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Events, January
January 6: Chief of Staff Bosco Ntaganda takes control of the National Congress for the Defence of the People (CNDP) and its founder, Laurent Nkunda, is arrested by the government of Rwanda. UN peacekeepers report unsettled conditions in Kirolirwe, Masisi, and Kiwanja, Rutshuru, due to CNDP, PARECO and various Mai-Mai militias.


2009 in the Netherlands
This article lists some of the events that took place in the Netherlands in 2009.


2009 in the Philippines
2009 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in the year 2009.


2009 in the Philippines, National holidays
Holidays in italics are "special days", while those in regular type are "regular holidays".


2009 in the Philippines, National holidays
In addition, several other places observe local holidays, such as the foundation of their town. These are also "special days."


2009 in the United Arab Emirates
Events from the year 2009 in the United Arab Emirates.


2009 in the decathlon
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by JJMC89 bot III (talk | contribs) at 21:10, 9 April 2020 (Moving Category:Years in the decathlon to Category:Decathlon by year per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Speedy). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


2009 in the decathlon
This page lists the World Best Year Performance in the year 2009 in the men's decathlon. The main event during this season were the 2009 World Athletics Championships in Berlin, Germany, where the competition was held on August 19 and August 20, 2009.


2009 in the environment
This is a list of notable events relating to the environment in 2009. They relate to environmental law, conservation, environmentalism and environmental issues.


2009 in the sport of athletics
This article contains an overview of the year 2009 in athletics.


2009 in the sport of athletics
The major competition of the year was the 2009 World Championships in Athletics. At the event, Usain Bolt reaffirmed himself as one of the world's foremost athletes with world records in the 100 and 200 metres. Caster Semenya won 800 m gold at the championships, but a request that she submit to a gender verification test was made public, sparking widespread controversy and debate. Yelena Isinbayeva, a clear favourite, finished last in the pole vault competition, but rebounded with a world record a week later.


2009 in the sport of athletics
Kenenisa Bekele, Sanya Richards and Isinbayeva were the winners of the last IAAF Golden League jackpot, as the series was replaced by the IAAF Diamond League in 2010.


2009 in the sport of athletics, Doping
Incidents of athletes testing positive for banned substances were low-key compared to previous years. The IAAF conducted their largest ever anti-doping program at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics, and Jamel Chatbi and Nigerian hurdler Amaka Ogoegbunam were the only athletes who tested positive. Five Jamaican sprint athletes, including Yohan Blake and Sheri-Ann Brooks, tested positive for Methylhexanamine prior to the world championships. Four of the athletes received three-month bans, while Brooks was cleared on a technicality.


2009 in the sport of athletics, Doping
A Brazilian coach, Jayme Netto, admitted that he had administered the banned drug recombinant EPO on five of his athletes without their knowledge. South American champion Lucimar Teodoro was another high-profile Brazilian athlete to be banned.


2009 in video games
The year 2009 saw many sequels and prequels in video games. New intellectual properties include Batman: Arkham Asylum, Bayonetta, Borderlands, Demon's Souls, Dragon Age: Origins, Infamous, Just Dance, Minecraft, and Prototype.


2009 in video games, Best-selling games
The following are the top ten best-selling games of 2009 in terms of worldwide retail sales.


2009 in video games, Console releases
The list of game consoles released in 2009 in North America.


2009 in video games, Critically acclaimed titles
Metacritic (MC) and GameRankings (GR) are aggregators of video game journalism reviews.


2009 in weightlifting
This article lists the main weightlifting events and their results for 2009.


2009 national road cycling championships
The 2009 national road cycling championships began in January in Australia and New Zealand. Most of the European national championships took place in June.


2009 national road cycling championships, Jerseys
The winner of each national championship wears the national jersey in all their races for the next year in the respective discipline, apart from the World Championships, or unless they are wearing a category leader's jersey in a stage race. The jerseys tend to represent the countries' flag or use the colours from it.


2009 national road cycling championships, 2009 Champions
With eight national champions, Team Columbia-HTC (1 road race champion and 7 time trial champions) had the most national champions in 2009.


2009 reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada
The table below lists the decisions (known as reasons) delivered from the bench by the Supreme Court of Canada during 2009. The table illustrates what reasons were filed by each justice in each case, and which justices joined each reason. This list, however, does not include reasons on motions.


2009 refugee crisis in Pakistan
The 2009 refugee crisis in Pakistan was the massive displacement of civilians in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan that was caused by Operation Black Thunderstorm.


2009 refugee crisis in Pakistan
Since the beginning of Operation Black Thunderstorm against the Taliban, over 1.2 million people have been displaced in across Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, joined by a further 555,000 Pakistanis uprooted by fighting since August 2008. The refugees are known in Pakistan as Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs).


2009 refugee crisis in Pakistan
Most of the 1.2 million people who have escaped the violence were staying with relatives or friends, placing tremendous strain on the country, while over 300,000 others are seeking refuge in UNHCR-supported camps.


2009 refugee crisis in Pakistan
By August 22, 1.6 million of 2.2 million returned home, as per UN estimates.


2009 refugee crisis in Pakistan, Background
UNICEF was responsible to provide WASH facilities at camp level. In this regards they have selected IDP's to fulfill their works in camps e.g., SSD, IRSP, HRDS, HDOD, RID and many other.


2009 refugee crisis in Pakistan, International response, Non-state entities
The UN agencies have provided for 780,000 IDPs as they expand their relief operations.


2009 refugee crisis in Pakistan, Effects
The fighting since August has so far left up to 2 million displaced.


2009 refugee crisis in Pakistan, Effects, Weather conditions
The federal government was considering shifting the internally displaced persons (IDPs) from the refugee camps set up in Mardan, Nowshera, Swabi and other hot areas of NWFP to Abbottabad and Mansehra districts, as they are reportedly not acclimatised to hot weather. but due to negligence of federal government, it wasn't made a reality.


2009 refugee crisis in Pakistan, Effects, Weather conditions
Managing Director Zumurrad Khan of the Pakistan Baitul Maal said that scorching heat in Mardan and other areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was unbearable for the IDPs of Swat and Malakand Division.


2009 satellite collision
On February 10, 2009, two communications satellites—the active commercial Iridium 33 and the derelict Russian military Kosmos-2251—accidentally collided at a speed of 11,700 m/s (26,000 mph; 42,000 km/h) and an altitude of 789 kilometres (490 mi) above the Taymyr Peninsula in Siberia. It was the first time a hypervelocity collision occurred between two satellites – until then, all accidental hypervelocity collisions had involved a satellite and a piece of space debris.


2009 satellite collision, Spacecraft
Kosmos-2251 was a 950-kilogram (2,100 lb) Russian Strela military communications satellite owned by the Russian Space Forces. It was launched on a Russian Cosmos-3M carrier rocket on June 16, 1993. It had been deactivated prior to the collision, and remained in orbit as space debris. Iridium 33 was a 560-kilogram (1,200 lb) US-built commercial satellite and was part of the Iridium constellation of 66 communications satellites owned by Iridium Communications. It was launched on September 14, 1997, atop a Russian Proton rocket.


2009 satellite collision, Collision
The collision occurred at 16:56 UTC and destroyed both the Iridium 33 and Kosmos-2251. The Iridium satellite was operational at the time of the collision. Kosmos-2251 had gone out of service in 1995. It had no propulsion system, and was no longer actively controlled.


2009 satellite collision, Fallout
U.S. space agency NASA initially estimated ten days after the collision that the satellite space incident had created at least 1,000 pieces of debris larger than 10 cm (4 in), in addition to many smaller ones. By July 2011, the U.S. Space Surveillance Network had catalogued over 2000 large debris fragments from the collision. NASA determined the risk to the International Space Station, which orbits about 430 kilometres (270 mi) below the collision course, to be low, as was any threat to the shuttle launch (STS-119) then planned for late February 2009. However, Chinese scientists have said that the debris does pose a threat to Chinese satellites in Sun-synchronous orbits, and the ISS did have to perform an avoidance maneuver due to collision debris in March 2011.


2009 satellite collision, Fallout
By December 2011, many pieces of the debris were in an observable orbital decay towards Earth, and were expected to burn up in the atmosphere within one to two years. In 2016, Space News listed the collision as the second biggest fragmentation event in history, with Kosmos-2251 and Iridium 33 producing respectively 1,668 and 628 pieces of catalogued debris, of which 1,141 and 364 pieces of tracked debris remain in orbit as of January 2016.


2009 satellite collision, Fallout
A small piece of Kosmos-2251 satellite debris safely passed by the International Space Station at 2:38 a.m. EDT, Saturday, March 24, 2012, at a distance of approximately 120 m (390 ft). As a precaution, ISS management had the six crew members on board the orbiting complex take refuge inside the two docked Soyuz rendezvous spacecraft until the debris had passed.


2009 satellite collision, Fallout
A number of reports of phenomena in the US states of Texas, Kentucky, and New Mexico were attributed to debris from the collision in the days immediately following the first reports of the incident in 2009, although NASA and the United States Strategic Command, which tracks satellites and orbital debris, did not announce any reentries of debris at the time and reported that these phenomena were unrelated to the collision. On February 13, 2009, witnesses in Kentucky heard sonic booms. The National Weather Service issued an information statement alerting residents of sonic booms due to the falling satellite debris. The Federal Aviation Administration also released a notice warning to pilots of the re-entering debris. Some reports include details that point to these phenomena being caused by a meteoroid shower. A very bright meteor over Texas on February 15, 2009, was mistaken for reentering debris.


2009 satellite collision, Cause
Events where two satellites approach within several kilometers of each other occur numerous times each day. Sorting through the large number of potential collisions to identify those that are high risk presents a challenge. Precise, up-to-date information regarding current satellite positions is difficult to obtain. Calculations made by CelesTrak had expected these two satellites to miss by 584 meters (1,916 ft).


2009 satellite collision, Cause
Planning an avoidance maneuver with due consideration of the risk, the fuel consumption required for the maneuver, and its effects on the satellite's normal functioning can also be challenging. John Campbell of Iridium spoke at a June 2007 forum discussing these tradeoffs and the difficulty of handling all the notifications they were getting regarding close approaches, which numbered 400 per week (for approaches within five kilometers or three miles) for the entire Iridium constellation. He estimated the risk of collision per conjunction as one in 50 million.


2009 satellite collision, Cause
This collision and numerous near-misses have renewed calls for mandatory disposal of defunct satellites (typically by deorbiting them, or at minimum, sending them to a graveyard orbit), but no such international law exists as of 2021. Nevertheless, some countries have adopted such a law domestically, such as France in December 2010. The United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) requires all geostationary satellites launched after March 18, 2002, to commit to moving to a graveyard orbit at the end of their operational life.


2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers
On April 4, 2009, a shootout occurred at 1016 Fairfield Street in the Stanton Heights neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, stemming from a mother and her 22-year-old son's argument over a dog urinating in the house. At approximately 7:11 a.m. EDT, 22-year-old Richard Poplawski opened fire on two Pittsburgh Police officers responding to a 9-1-1 call from Poplawski's mother, who was attempting to get the police officers to remove her son from the home. Despite Poplawski's mother telling the 9-1-1 operator that Poplawski had guns, the police officers were not told. Three police officers were ultimately confirmed dead, and another two were seriously injured.


2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers
According to Pittsburgh Police Chief Nathan Harper, Poplawski was armed with a semi-automatic AK-47-style rifle, a Savage 67 12-gauge shotgun, a .22-caliber Mossberg 702 Plinkster semi-automatic rifle and two handguns (a 4-inch Dan Wesson Model 14 .357 Magnum revolver and a .380-caliber Bersa Thunder 380 handgun), protected by a bulletproof vest, and had been lying in wait for the officers. According to police and witnesses, he held police at bay for four hours as the fallen officers were left bleeding nearby, their colleagues unable to reach them. More than 600 rounds were fired by the SWAT teams and Poplawski.


2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers
The victims were the first Pittsburgh city officers killed in the line of duty in 18 years. The incident was the third-deadliest attack on U.S. law enforcement since the September 11 attacks, following a 2016 mass shooting in Dallas, Texas; and a pair of related shootings two weeks earlier in Oakland, California.


2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers
On June 28, 2011, Poplawski was sentenced to death by lethal injection on three counts of murder in the first degree.


2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers, Shootings
At 7:03 a.m. EDT, Officers Paul Sciullo and Stephen Mayhle of the Pittsburgh Bureau of Police responded to a 9-1-1 call from Poplawski's mother over a domestic disturbance. When the officers arrived at the scene, the mother answered the door, explaining that she wanted Poplawski out of the house. As the two officers entered the home, Poplawski was reportedly wearing a bulletproof vest and "lying in wait". Sciullo was immediately shot in the head. Almost immediately thereafter, Officer Mayhle was also shot in the head.


2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers, Shootings
Officer Eric Kelly, on his way home after completing his overnight shift, heard the call for help and arrived at the scene. Poplawski then shot Kelly as he was attempting to aid Sciullo and Mayhle. Officer Timothy McManaway arrived at the scene and was shot in the hand while attempting to pull Kelly to safety, after he saw Kelly wave at him. McManaway sought cover and returned fire. Another officer, Brian Jones, suffered a broken leg when a fence he was climbing collapsed. A short time later, more officers, SWAT team members, and other law enforcement officers arrived and were fired on as well.


2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers, Shootings
A neighbor who witnessed the incident reported "They couldn't get the scene secure enough to get to them. They were just lying there bleeding, by the time they secured the scene enough to get to them, it was way too late."


2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers, Shootings
The standoff with police lasted for approximately four hours. Poplawski's friend Edward Perkovic said he got a call at work from Poplawski during which he said, "Eddie, I am going to die today. ... Tell your family I love them and I love you." Perkovic said "I heard gunshots and he hung up. ... He sounded like he was in pain, like he got shot." According to the sources, Poplawski was shot in the leg before surrendering to authorities. Poplawski was transported to UPMC Presbyterian after the shooting where he was treated under custody. On April 5, Poplawski was moved from the hospital to the Allegheny County Jail.


2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers, Perpetrator and victims, Perpetrator
Richard Andrew Poplawski (born September 12, 1986) lived with his mother and grandmother in the Stanton Heights neighborhood of Pittsburgh. Poplawski had previously enlisted in the United States Marine Corps, but he was discharged from boot camp after throwing a food tray at a drill instructor.


2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers, Perpetrator and victims, Perpetrator
On September 14, 2005, Poplawski allegedly assaulted his then-girlfriend outside his home. A month later, Poplawski allegedly violated an order of protection by showing up at the woman's place of work. Poplawski had recently lost his job at a glass factory, and was reportedly upset over the job loss. Neighbors also reported that Poplawski was involved in several arguments with neighbors, including a couple of fistfights, and one incident in which he insulted a black Stanton Heights resident by shouting a racial slur in his face.


2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers, Perpetrator and victims, Perpetrator
Poplawski moved to Florida in 2006, and rented a room in a woman's house. However, she later evicted him after her German Shepherd disappeared while under Poplawski's care. He later moved in with the woman's neighbor, who said that he spoke lovingly about his grandmother but seemed disappointed in his mother.


2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers, Perpetrator and victims, Perpetrator
After he returned home, he adopted two pit bull mixes from a local animal shelter, one of which would later urinate on his mother's carpet, triggering the April 4 shootings.


2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers, Perpetrator and victims, Perpetrator
On March 13, 2009, Poplawski wrote on a white supremacist website that "ZOG (Zionist-occupied government) is... One can read the list of significant persons in government and in major corporations and see who is pulling the strings. One can observe the policies and final products and should walk away with little doubt there is Zionist occupation and -- after some further research & critical thinking -- will discover their insidious intentions."


2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers, Perpetrator and victims, Perpetrator
Mark Potok, a representative of the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) which had reviewed Poplawski's internet postings, stated that "he believed the Jews were coming, the Jews controlled society, you know, we're all under the thumb of Zionists and so on." A report by the Anti- Defamation League (ADL) stated that Poplawski had expressed frustration that "not enough attention was being focused on evil “.


2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers, Perpetrator and victims, Perpetrator
Poplawski was a member of Stormfront, a white supremacist website, where he was a frequent visitor and poster. Poplawski had reportedly posted a picture of his tattoo, a "deliberately Americanized version of the iron eagle" to the website, as well as a link to a YouTube video of Congressman Ron Paul discussing with Fox News host Glenn Beck the rumored existence of FEMA-managed concentration camps. Poplawski last logged into Stormfront at 3:32 a.m. Saturday, only hours before the shootings. Poplawski also frequently visited and occasionally posted on Alex Jones' Infowars website.


2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers, Perpetrator and victims, Perpetrator
One of his frustrations with the site, though, was that it supposedly didn't focus enough on the nefarious roles played by Jews in all these conspiracies.  " For being such huge players in the endgame," he observed in a March 29, 2009, posting to InfoWars, "too many 'infowarriors' are surprisingly unfamiliar with the Zionists." Among Poplawski's "last few links from MySpace" were a Myers-Briggs personality test, and a psychotherapy chart.


2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers, Perpetrator and victims, Victims
A final radio roll call for the three officers killed was held following the shooting on Saturday night, April 4. On April 6, Governor Ed Rendell announced that flags at all state buildings would be flown at half-staff until the end of the week.


2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers, Aftermath, Investigation
Afterward, it was revealed that although Poplawski's mother had told the 9-1-1 operator that Poplawski owned guns, the operator typed "no weapons" on her report, relaying the information to the police dispatcher. When the operator asked Ms. Poplawski if her son had weapons, she responded yes, and stated that they were all legal. When asked to confirm that she was not being threatened with the guns, Ms. Poplawski did not answer, instead repeating that she wanted her son out of the house.


2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers, Aftermath, Investigation
Management in the Allegheny County 9-1-1 Center contend that the dispatcher meant to relay that no weapons were involved in the dispute. The county's Chief for Emergency Services stated that the 9-1-1 operator had been on the job for less than a year, including training, and was placed on administrative leave and offered counseling.


2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers, Aftermath, Investigation
According to police interviewing Poplawski while imprisoned, he believed Mayhle to be faking his death, and so shot him again. He told police that he planned for the officers to kill him, but changed his mind and surrendered, hoping he could write a book in prison. Interviewers described Poplawski as unremorseful with a "cold demeanor". In the hours after the standoff ended, during interviews with detectives, Poplawski bragged about his actions, telling them he thought he might have killed as many as five officers.


2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers, Aftermath, Ceremonies
Officers Kelly, Mayhle, and Sciullo lay in repose at the Pittsburgh City-County Building from April 8 until 10:00 a.m. April 9. Thousands of citizens and law enforcement officers visited the caskets, including representatives from the DC Metro Police, Montgomery County, Maryland, Cobb County, Georgia police, and 49 Troopers from the New Jersey State Police.


2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers, Aftermath, Ceremonies
Beginning at 10:00 a.m. on Thursday, April 9, the caskets were carried to three hearses, and a procession of an estimated 1,000 police vehicles travelled, along with the Pittsburgh Firefighters Memorial; Cleveland Police and Pittsburgh Police Dept. Pipes and Drums; Pittsburgh Fire Dept. Pipes and Drums; NYPD Emerald Society Pipes and Drums; Philadelphia Police and Fire Pipes and Drums; Camden County NJ Emerald Society Pipes and Drums; Union County NJ Pipes and Drums; Washington D.C. Regional Pipes and Drums; Cleveland Pipes and Drums; Atlantic County (NJ) Pipes and Drums; and many more  pipe bands, from the City-County Building along the Martin Luther King Jr. East Busway to the University of Pittsburgh's Petersen Events Center.


2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers, Aftermath, Ceremonies
Hundreds of officers had been standing at attention outside the center for nearly two hours. Guests at the ceremony included FBI Director Robert Mueller; Allegheny County District Attorney Steven Zappala; county executive Dan Onorato; Pennsylvania Governor Ed Rendell; state Attorney General Tom Corbett; U.S. Senator Bob Casey; former Pittsburgh Police Chiefs Nathan Harper and Robert McNeilly.


2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers, Aftermath, Criminal proceedings
On April 21, 2010, a spokesman for Allegheny County District Attorney Stephen Zappala announced that the D.A. 's Office would seek the death penalty for Poplawski, whose formal arraignment took place on June 1. A county judge ordered police investigators, attorneys, court and jail personnel to not discuss the case with the media.


2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers, Aftermath, Criminal proceedings
Although Pennsylvania has the death penalty on the books, and has hundreds of convicted murderers on death row, the last time the state actually executed anyone was in 1999. Since the state reinstated the death penalty in 1978, only three people have been executed, and all three had waived their appeal rights. Pennsylvania has never executed anyone who has taken full advantage of the appeal process. According to the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, if Poplawski chooses to take full advantage of the appeal process, then even if he is sentenced to death, "it may not happen".


2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers, Aftermath, Criminal proceedings
During the first week of June 2009, the case was officially assigned to Common Pleas Judge Jeffrey A. Manning. On June 5, Manning ordered the attorneys to exchange discovery materials immediately, and scheduled an August 13 hearing to "address any outstanding discovery issues." Afterward, a date was to be set to hear pretrial motions, followed by a trial date. Although cases are usually assigned to judges at random, an exception is made for cases that could possibly involve the death penalty. Manning was assigned to this case because during his 20 years as a judge, he has heard nearly two dozen cases where the death penalty was a possibility, including the 2001 trial of Richard Baumhammers, who was sentenced to death for murdering five people.


2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers, Aftermath, Criminal proceedings
Poplawski's trial was originally scheduled to start on October 12, 2010, but was delayed until April 25, 2011, due to a defense request for additional time to address the death penalty aspect of the case. The trial began on June 20, 2011. On June 28, 2011 Poplawski was sentenced to death after being found guilty by the jury a few days before. On Saturday, June 25, 2011, the jury delivered a verdict of guilty on three counts of first-degree homicide and all other counts, after deliberating for approximately 4 hours.


2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers, Aftermath, Criminal proceedings
On June 28, 2011, Poplawski was sentenced to death by lethal injection.


2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers, Aftermath, Criminal proceedings
An administrative execution date for Poplawski was set for March 3, 2017; on February 16, 2017, a judge issued an order to stay the execution until courts rule on Poplawski's petition claiming that his attorneys provided ineffective assistance of counsel. Poplawski will receive another administrative execution date.


2009 shootings of Oakland police officers
Four police officers in Oakland, California, were fatally shot on March 21, 2009, by Lovelle Mixon, a convicted felon wanted on a no-bail warrant for a parole violation. Mixon shot and killed two police officers of the Oakland Police Department during a routine traffic stop. After escaping on foot to the nearby apartment of his sister, Mixon shot and killed two police SWAT team officers attempting to apprehend him. Mixon was killed as other officers on the team returned fire.


2009 shootings of Oakland police officers
This was the deadliest attack on California police officers since the Newhall massacre in 1970, when four California Highway Patrol officers were shot and killed by two men in Santa Clarita. It was also the deadliest attack on U.S. law enforcement since the September 11 attacks. The killing of four police officers in Lakewood, Washington, in November 2009 equaled it; and both were surpassed by a mass shooting in Dallas, Texas, in July 2016 that killed five police officers.


2009 shootings of Oakland police officers, Details, Traffic stop on MacArthur Boulevard
On March 21, 2009, at 1:08 p.m. PDT, Mixon was pulled over in a routine traffic stop, while driving a 1995 Buick sedan; two motorcycle officers, Officer John Hege and Sergeant Mark Dunakin, stopped him for a traffic violation on 74th Avenue and MacArthur Boulevard in East Oakland, one block from Eastmont Town Center and an Oakland Police Department substation. After reviewing Mixon's driver's license, Sergeant Dunakin became suspicious that it was fake and signaled to his partner, Officer Hege, to arrest Mixon.


2009 shootings of Oakland police officers, Details, Traffic stop on MacArthur Boulevard
Mixon leaned out of the vehicle's side window, and opened fire with a semi-automatic pistol without warning, shooting both officers twice. After the officers collapsed, he got out of the car, approached them, and fired execution-style directly into their backs. He briefly stood over the bodies before fleeing on foot. Witnesses reported Mixon as having fired six shots. Neither officer returned fire. Witnesses said Mixon fled westward into the surrounding neighborhood on 74th Avenue southbound.


2009 shootings of Oakland police officers, Details, Traffic stop on MacArthur Boulevard
Some witnesses called 911, while others ran to the officers and started providing comfort and CPR until ambulances arrived. By the time they did, Sergeant Dunakin had died, and Officer Hege was found to be mortally wounded, having been shot behind the left ear.


2009 shootings of Oakland police officers, Details, Traffic stop on MacArthur Boulevard
Mixon's family members were aware of his criminal activity. He was a convicted felon wanted on a no-bail warrant for a parole violation. According to a cousin, Mixon had recently purchased the handgun (illegal for a felon on parole), as well as the Buick he had been driving when stopped. Mixon was talking with his uncle on a cell phone when stopped and said he would call back. "But he was probably thinking about that piece he had in the car", said his cousin Curtis Mixon, 38, "and he wasn't about to go back to jail."


2009 shootings of Oakland police officers, Details, Manhunt for the shooter
An intense manhunt for Mixon was conducted, with participation by some 200 officers from the Oakland Police Department, the Alameda County Sheriff's Office, the BART Police Department, the California Highway Patrol, and several agencies from various cities. He was described to police as a black male wearing all-black clothing and wire-rimmed sunglasses. Nearby streets were cordoned off, and an entire area of East Oakland was closed to traffic. However, due to the absence of senior Oakland police officers, positions in the new command post were self-assigned by the on-scene commanders, who were overwhelmed by the citywide response. It took 90 minutes for senior officers to arrive at the scene and take control of the manhunt. Eventually, after a search on the Buick was conducted, Mixon was formally identified as the suspect in the MacArthur Boulevard shooting.


2009 shootings of Oakland police officers, Details, Manhunt for the shooter
As police descended on the neighborhood, a local woman walked up to MacArthur Boulevard to see what the commotion was about. She noticed the burgundy Buick, and recalled seeing Mixon in the car during the previous few days. She also knew that Mixon's sister lived in a two-bedroom, ground-level apartment on 74th Avenue, just a block from where the motorcycle officers were shot. Although she knew her life would be in danger if she were labeled a "snitch", the woman decided to give this information to an officer she recognized. The information was then relayed to Lieutenant Christopher Mufarreh, who was investigating Mixon's possible whereabouts independently, by an off-duty police lieutenant. Without consultation or coordination with his superiors, Mufarreh ordered a SWAT team to converge on the scene.


2009 shootings of Oakland police officers, Details, Manhunt for the shooter
Upon meeting up with the off-duty lieutenant and the woman who reported Mixon's current position, Mufarreh didn't believe the latter's credibility as an eyewitness, as she didn't see Mixon directly enter the apartment, and dismissed her statement. However, at the same time, another eyewitness had come forward with a valid account of seeing Mixon enter the apartment, although Mufarreh was unaware of that, as he had not reported back to the lieutenant who received the statement. Mufarreh ordered a perimeter to be set up around the apartment, while the first members of the SWAT team arrived at the scene.


2009 shootings of Oakland police officers, Details, Manhunt for the shooter
At 2:38 p.m., Mufarreh decided to have the SWAT team enter and clear the ground floor of the apartment before sending in a tracking dog. However, the full SWAT team had yet to be assembled. Sergeant Daniel Sakai was then reassigned by Mufarreh from his previous position as canine coordinator to the SWAT team.


2009 shootings of Oakland police officers, Details, Manhunt for the shooter
Unknown to the SWAT team, following the MacArthur Boulevard shooting with the pistol, Mixon had managed to secure an SKS carbine with a fixed bayonet, likely stored in his sister's apartment.


2009 shootings of Oakland police officers, Details, Manhunt for the shooter
Police eventually concluded that the lives of people in the three-story apartment building might be at risk, so they couldn't afford to barricade the building and wait. They determined that due to the location of Mixon's sister's apartment within the building, there was no way to ensure that other residents could safely be brought through the single front entry door to the street. Mufarreh decided to send in the SWAT officers prematurely, assessing that the threat level was low due to a high unlikelihood that Mixon would actually be present inside the apartment. Tactical commander Captain Rick Orozco approved of Mufarreh's plan.


2009 shootings of Oakland police officers, Details, Shootout on 74th Avenue
At 3:02 p.m., SWAT team officers raided the apartment, breaking down the door while throwing nonlethal shock (flashbang) grenades.


2009 shootings of Oakland police officers, Details, Shootout on 74th Avenue
At the time of the raid, the room was poorly illuminated. Sergeant Pat Gonzales entered the room first, followed by Sergeant Ervin Romans. As Romans entered, he was ambushed by Mixon, who shot him through the wall and door of a bedroom he was hiding in, mortally wounding him. Gonzales was then shot and wounded in the shoulder, although he continued to lead the team inside the bedroom. None of the officers had yet managed to fire their weapons due to the poor lighting of the room. They were momentarily surprised by a young girl who had been wounded in her leg by the flash grenade who screamed loudly and fled from the bathroom.


2009 shootings of Oakland police officers, Details, Shootout on 74th Avenue
As Romans was evacuated, one of the other SWAT officers then spotted Mixon beside the bedroom door, equipped with the SKS rifle, and fired at him. Mixon was forced to retreat inside the room and close the door. The team moved towards the bedroom and partially forced the door open. As he managed to get inside, Sakai was shot and mortally wounded by Mixon. Gonzales rushed into the room next and tripped on the floor, falling in front of Mixon.


2009 shootings of Oakland police officers, Details, Shootout on 74th Avenue
Mixon shot at Gonzales while he was falling and could have struck Gonzales in the head, although the bullet was deflected by Gonzales' tactical helmet, which protected him from injury. Spotting Mixon, Gonzales opened fire and was joined by Alameda County Sheriff's Deputy Derek Pope; Mixon was felled by the barrage of gunfire and died from his wounds at 3:20 p.m.


2009 shootings of Oakland police officers, Victims
During this incident, four policemen were killed in the line of duty, and one additional officer was injured.


2009 shootings of Oakland police officers, Victims
Officers Dunakin, Romans, and Sakai died on March 21, 2009, while Officer Hege died from his injuries three days later.


2009 shootings of Oakland police officers, Perpetrator
Lovelle Shawn Mixon (September 11, 1982 – March 21, 2009), a 26-year-old resident of Oakland, was identified as the assailant. He was born in San Francisco. Mixon wielded a 9mm semiautomatic handgun during the MacArthur Boulevard killings, and an SKS rifle during the shootout in the 74th Avenue apartment shootout.


2009 shootings of Oakland police officers, Perpetrator
Mixon had an extensive criminal history. Beginning at age 13, he was arrested multiple times for battery, and by age 20 was serving a Corcoran state prison sentence following a felony conviction for assault with a deadly weapon and armed robbery in San Francisco. After he was paroled, Mixon went in and out of prison. When the shootings happened, he was living in East Oakland at his grandmother's house and was wanted on a no-bail arrest warrant for violating his current parole conditions. On March 20, 2009, the day before the shootings. Had Mixon been arrested for his parole violation, he would have faced at most six months in prison.


2009 shootings of Oakland police officers, Perpetrator
Mixon had also been the primary suspect in a previous murder case. However, due to lack of evidence he had been charged only with lesser violations, which included possession of drug paraphernalia, forgery, identity theft, attempted grand theft, and receiving stolen property.


2009 shootings of Oakland police officers, Aftermath, Racial tensions
Some race-related issues surfaced following the shootings. Since Mixon was black and the slain officers were  of white and/or Asian descent, several community leaders voiced concern that the confrontation might lead to increased tensions between Oakland's black community and the Oakland Police Department. Although many Oakland citizens had stepped forward to help at the scene of the motorcycle police shootings, about 20 bystanders had taunted police as they gathered at the scene.


2009 shootings of Oakland police officers, Aftermath, Racial tensions
Citing their cause as resistance to police brutality, Uhuru House activists, who promote a form of Pan-Africanism they refer to as "African internationalism" , handed out flyers in the neighborhood where Mixon was shot, inviting people to a rally where they might "uphold the resistance of Brother Lovelle Mixon". The San Francisco Bay View, which identifies itself as a "National Black Newspaper," suggested that the killing of four police officers was a victory for "the people" and referred to Lovelle Mixon's death as a "murder". Approximately 60 people attended the March 25 Uhuru House rally in support of Mixon. The demonstrators marched down MacArthur Boulevard, some carrying signs proclaiming "genocide". On the other hand, Caroline Mixon, a cousin of Lovelle Mixon, paid a public tribute to the Oakland police, thanking them for "serv[ing] and protect[ing] the city of Oakland."


2009 shootings of Oakland police officers, Police officers' funeral
On the morning of March 27, 2009, thousands of Oakland citizens filled the overpasses and streets near the Oracle Arena in a show of support for the Oakland Police Department and the slain officers. By the time the service started at 11:00 a.m. PDT, the arena was filled to its capacity of 19,000, including the entire 800-strong Oakland police force; an overflow of at least 2,000 persons spilled over into the adjacent Oakland Coliseum. Police officers from around the state and nation, as well as a contingent from Canada, attended the event.


2009 shootings of Oakland police officers, Police officers' funeral
Speakers included Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, Senators Dianne Feinstein and Barbara Boxer, and Attorney General Jerry Brown. Oakland Mayor Ron Dellums attended; however, he was asked not to speak at the funeral by at least two of the slain officers' families, and he honored this request. Congresswoman Barbara Lee, Lt. Gov. John Garamendi, Mayor Gavin Newsom of San Francisco and Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa of Los Angeles also attended but did not speak. Oakland Police Department Chaplain, Father Jayson Landeza, read a letter of sympathy and support from President and First Lady Barack and Michelle Obama. Relatives, friends, and fellow officers delivered eulogies to the four slain officers, praising their heroism, humanity, and selfless service to the people of Oakland.


2009 shootings of Oakland police officers, Police officers' funeral
A tribute came from Oakland Police Captain Edward Tracey, commander of the SWAT team that cornered Mixon. "These were my men ... [ T]hey died doing what they loved: riding on motorcycles, kicking in doors, serving on SWAT", he said. Capt . Tracey thanked the witnesses who called 911 and attempted to aid Sergeant Dunakin and Officer Hege, "To the citizens who called 911 last Saturday to report our officers down and the brave man ...


2009 shootings of Oakland police officers, Police officers' funeral
I hope you hear me, sir ... the brave man who provided CPR to our fallen heroes, we thank you, we thank you from the bottom of our hearts. Your actions let us know that they, that these officers, did not die in vain. That the people, that they were there to serve, were the ones that helped them in the end." The "brave man" he was thanking was Clarence Ellis, who had used his own coat to tamponade the arterial blood spurting from Sergeant Mark Dunakin's neck.


2009 shootings of Oakland police officers, Police officers' funeral
Referring to press coverage that attempted to link the killing of the officers to the January 1, 2009, slaying of Oscar Grant (by a B.A.R.T. police officer, not an Oakland PD officer), retired Oakland Police Department Lieutenant Lawrence Eade admonished the press: "For those who manipulate the story, may your careers be extremely difficult until you tell the truth... This is not about your ratings, this is about a tragic loss... The citizens are not arming themselves against the police, there is no war between us and you cannot create one!"


2009 southeast Queensland oil spill
The 2009 southeast Queensland oil spill occurred off the coast of southeast Queensland, Australia on 11 March 2009, when 230 tonnes of fuel oil, 30 tonnes of other fuel and 31 shipping containers containing 620 tonnes of ammonium nitrate spilled into the Coral Sea, north of Moreton Bay during Cyclone Hamish. It happened after unsecured cargo on MV Pacific Adventurer damaged other cargo, causing the spillage. Over the following days, the spill washed ashore along 60 kilometres (37 mi) of coastline encompassing the Sunshine Coast, Moreton Bay, Bribie Island and Moreton Island.


2009 southeast Queensland oil spill
The ship proceeded through Moreton Bay and docked at the Port of Brisbane where it continued to spread a 500 m (1,600 ft) long slick in the mouth of the Brisbane River.