2010 Japanese Regional Leagues, Tohoku, Tohoku promotion and relegation series
In order to decide the direct exchange between two divisions, two D2 winners played against each other in two-legged series. Fuji Club 2003 defeated Scheinen Fukushima and received direct promotion to Division 1, replacing the bottom-placed Cobaltore Onagawa, while Scheinen Fukushima faced seventh-placed D1 Shiogama Wiese in another two-legged series. Shiogama Wiese won them 6–4 on aggregate (5–1 away, 2–3 home) and remained their place in D1.


2010 Japanese Regional Leagues, Kanto, Division 1
2010 was the 44th season of Kanto League. The season started on April 4 and ended on August 1.


2010 Japanese Regional Leagues, Kanto, Division 1
It was contested by eight teams and YSCC Yokohama won the championship for the second consecutive year (third title overall).


2010 Japanese Regional Leagues, Kanto, Division 1
After the season, Club Dragons and AC Almaleza were relegated to the second division. Because of the relegation of Ryutsu Keizai University from Japan Football League, only the champions of D2, Toho Titanium, were promoted.


2010 Japanese Regional Leagues, Kanto, Division 2
2010 was the 8th season of Kanto League Division 2. It was won by Toho Titanium who earned promotion to Division 1. On the other end of the table, Honda Luminozo Sayama were relegated to prefectural leagues.


2010 Japanese Regional Leagues, Hokushin'etsu, Division 1
2010 was the 36th season of Hokushin'etsu League. The season started on April 11 and ended on September 19.


2010 Japanese Regional Leagues, Hokushin'etsu, Division 1
It was contested by eight teams and Nagano Parceiro won the championship for the third time in their history after one-year pause. After the season they won the promotion to Japan Football League.


2010 Japanese Regional Leagues, Hokushin'etsu, Division 1
Because of Parceiro being promoted to JFL, only Antelope Shiojiri were relegated. They were replaced by D2 champions and runners-up, Artista Tomi and Fukui KSC respectively.


2010 Japanese Regional Leagues, Hokushin'etsu, Division 2
2010 was the 7th season of Hokushin'etsu League Division 2. It was won by the rookies Artista Tomi who thus have won back-to-back promotion along with the runners-up Fukui KSC.


2010 Japanese Regional Leagues, Hokushin'etsu, Division 2
Because only one team was relegated from D1, only the bottom-placed Ohara Gakuen HS were relegated to Prefectural leagues. They were replaced by Toyama Shinjo Club and AS Jamineiro.


2010 Japanese Super Cup
The 2010 Japanese Super Cup was held on 27 February 2010 between the 2009 J. League champions Kashima Antlers and the 2009 Emperor's Cup winner Gamba Osaka. The match was drawn 1–1 at the end of regulation time and Kashima Antlers went on to win the match 5–3 in penalties.


2010 Japanese motorcycle Grand Prix
The 2010 Japanese motorcycle Grand Prix was the fourteenth round of the 2010 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 1–3 October 2010 at the Twin Ring Motegi, located in Motegi, Japan. It was originally planned to take place on the weekend of April 23–25, but due to disrupted air travel caused by the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull it was postponed as it was difficult for team personnel and equipment to get there.


2010 Japanese motorcycle Grand Prix, Championship standings after the race (MotoGP)
Below are the standings for the top five riders and constructors after round fourteen has concluded.


2010 Japanese television dramas
This is a list of Japanese television dramas shown within Japan during the year of 2010.


2010 Japan–South Korea cyberwarfare
On February 23, 2010, members of DC Inside, Humoruniversity, Ruliweb, Daum Truepicture, todayhumor, and various other Korean online communities formed the Terror Action Association (TAA) (Korean: 테러대응연합). On March 1, 2010, TAA attacked the Japanese website 2channel, coinciding with the 91st anniversary of the March 1st Movement. Since 2004, DC Inside and 2ch have had numerous conflicts, both large and small.


2010 Japan–South Korea cyberwarfare, Summary
On February 23, 2010, users on 2chan (2channers) made offensive comments about a Korean international student that was beaten to death in Russia in the winter of 2009. “Dog died, why is it on the news?”, “Kill more!”, and other remarks were made. A few days prior, the Korean figure skater Yuna Kim won the gold medal in the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics, and 2channers asserted that officials must have been bribed.


2010 Japan–South Korea cyberwarfare, Summary
These expressions from 2chan flowed into DC Inside's Humor Program Gallery. Netizens from DC Inside and HumorUniversity (Korean web communities) agreed that the date of the attack should be March 1, 2010, and began recruiting from other online communities such as Today's Humor, Ruliweb, Daum.net. They formed the Terror Action Association, amassing more than 102,000 participants in a day.


2010 Japan–South Korea cyberwarfare, Summary
On 1 PM of March 1 (GMT+9), the TAA vandalized 2chan's galleries and executed a massive DDoS attack by paralyzing 2chan's servers.


2010 Japan–South Korea cyberwarfare, Summary
According to Pacific Internet Exchange, who were hosting 2chan's servers, Japanese servers were already experiencing an increased volume of requests from Korea facilitated by bots since 11:40 AM. Other websites affiliated with 2chan were also affected by the attack.


2010 Japan–South Korea cyberwarfare, Summary
On the evening of March 1, 2chan servers were suspended and IP addresses from all sources of attacks were blocked.


2010 Japan–South Korea cyberwarfare, Summary
On March 2, damages were estimated to be above $2.5 million. Mainly 2chan's “Korea Slander Gallery", "VIP Gallery", "Breaking News Gallery" were targeted.


2010 Japan–South Korea cyberwarfare, Timeline and the aftermath
On February 24, Korean online communities noticed a series of posts on the Japanese website 2chan regarding Yuna Kim, a Korean figure skater, and the Korean international student that was murdered in Russia. Korean online communities claimed that 2chan members were accusing Yuna Kim of bribery and finding delight in the murder of the Korean student in Russia. An internet community, Terror Action Association was formed with the objective of carrying out a cyberattack on 2chan on March 1, 2010. Although the TAA prohibited the distribution or the use of illegal software, members continuously distributed illegal software leading up to the day of the attack.


2010 Japan–South Korea cyberwarfare, Timeline and the aftermath
On February 25, around midnight, Japanese posts appeared on DC Inside's comedy gallery and its users claimed that the servers had slowed down, and interpreted these as signs of a preemptive attack from 2chan. Korean appeared on 2chan's Korean threads as well, however Japanese did not appear on 2chan's Korean galleries. In a few minutes, the DC Inside servers returned to their usual speeds.


2010 Japan–South Korea cyberwarfare, Timeline and the aftermath
On February 26, attacks were carried out on 2chan's Yaoi forum. During the Figure Skating Short Program of the Vancouver Olympics that took place a few days before the attack, Yuna Kim took the lead over Mao Asada by meager 5 points and won the gold medal. 2channers suggested that Yuna Kim won the gold medal through bribery. However, whether this attack really originated from Korean users is unclear because the vandalism that appeared on 2chan's website did not contain any Korean but only English phrases such as “I’m Korean.”


2010 Japan–South Korea cyberwarfare, Timeline and the aftermath
On February 28, a committee of 2channers scheduled two rounds of attacks on DC Inside at 8 PM and 9 PM within 30-minute windows. These attacks proved to be ineffective. The upcoming cyber war began attracting attention from the press.


2010 Japan–South Korea cyberwarfare, Timeline and the aftermath
1 PM on March 1, the TAA began the attack in two teams – one team vandalized the website, the other team carried out a DDoS attack. 1:03 PM, only three minutes after the initiation of the attack, 2chan's VIP gallery was paralyzed. 1:13 PM, five servers were paralyzed. 1:16 PM, the main channel's login requests started to get affected. 1:22 PM, all but two of the thirty-three 2chan servers were all paralyzed. 1:44 PM, the entire server was down. 2:13 PM, 2chan's main page was hacked and replaced with a page containing the Korean flag. 2:43 PM, naver.com blocked Japanese IPs. 3:35 PM, 2chan blocked Korean IPs, but the servers were not yet restored.


2010 Japan–South Korea cyberwarfare, Timeline and the aftermath
A Korean student in Japan spied on the Japanese plans for retribution. At 6 PM, it was discovered that a website had plans for attacking the Blue House website. However, some Koreans who disliked Lee Myung Bak (Korean President at the time of the attack) participated in this attack. The Blue House shortly blocked Japanese IPs. 6:11 PM, VANK homepage started receiving attacks and was paralyzed for about 1 hour but was soon restored. It has been rumored that some of VANK's routers exploded from the attack. 6:38 PM, attacks on Comedy Program Gallery began, but the attacks were deflected in four minutes. At 8:43 PM, organizers from 2chan declared the end of the attacks. 9:35 PM, 2chan had been effectively downed for 8 hours, and MBC reported on the outcome.


2010 Japan–South Korea cyberwarfare, Timeline and the aftermath
Around 6 PM of the following day, the servers began to restore (At 8 PM, most of the servers were running normally). At 7 PM, another attack on VANK was made without success, and prompted a retribution attack from TAA, downing the control server of 2chan. Around 8 PM, attacks were again initiated by 2ch, but failed. 10 PM, VANK blocked all Japanese IPs.


2010 Japan–South Korea cyberwarfare, Timeline and the aftermath
On March 5, 2ch provisionally suspended attacks and promised to strike on August 15. On August 15, the attacks were announced but the day passed by without offense from either side. A Korean gaming portal was downed this day but it was confirmed this was not an attack from Japan. A lot of fingers were pointed, including at China, at business establishments, and some speculated that it was an inside job by DC Inside. The Japanese Wiki article on this topic claims that VANK had a main role in this attack.


2010 Japan–South Korea cyberwarfare, Outcome
Connecting to 2chan was impossible in the morning of March 1 until the evening of March 2nd when the attacks shrank and a portion of the servers partially recovered. The next day, about a third of the servers were restored, and by the evening all but the Dubai server were completely restored. The Dubai server was never completely restored due to damage, and according to 2chan administrators, the recovery of data on the Dubai server was difficult and it was stated that the gallery would be opening on a different server.


2010 Japan–South Korea cyberwarfare, Outcome
The webpages of VANK and the Blue House were slowed down due to the attacks. There were reports that routers at VANK exploded, however, VANK had merely blocked Japanese IPs.


2010 Jarama Superleague Formula round
The 2010 Jarama Superleague Formula round was a Superleague Formula round  held on June 20, 2010, at the Circuito del Jarama circuit, Madrid, Spain. It was the second year in a row that Superleague Formula visited the Jarama circuit, and was the first of two races in Spain for 2010. It was the fourth round of the 2010 Superleague Formula season.


2010 Jarama Superleague Formula round
Eighteen clubs took part including two Spanish clubs: Atlético Madrid and Sevilla FC.


2010 Jeju United FC season
The 2010 season was Jeju United FC's twenty-eighth season in the K-League in South Korea. Jeju United FC is competing in K-League, League Cup and Korean FA Cup.


2010 Jeju United FC season, Current squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2010 Jelajah Malaysia
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Rodw (talk | contribs) at 12:20, 5 April 2020 (Disambiguating links to Juru (link changed to Juru, Malaysia; link changed to Juru, Malaysia; link changed to Juru, Malaysia; link changed to Juru, Malaysia) using DisamAssist.). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


2010 Jelajah Malaysia
The 2010 Jelajah Malaysia, a cycling stage race that took place in Malaysia. It was held from 27 April to 1 May 2010. There were five stages with a total of 822.1 kilometres. In fact, the race was sanctioned by the Union Cycliste Internationale as a 2.2 category race and was part of the 2009–10 UCI Asia Tour calendar.


2010 Jelajah Malaysia
David McCann of Ireland won the race, followed by Takumi Beppu of Japan second and Amir Rusli of Malaysia third overall. Malcolm Lange of South Africa won the points classification and Matnur of Indonesia won the mountains classification. LeTua Cycling Team won the team classification.


2010 Jelajah Malaysia, List of teams and riders
A total of 19 teams were invited to participate in the 2010 Jelajah Malaysia. Out of 112 riders, a total of 80 riders made it to the finish in Kuala Perlis.


2010 Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors season
The 2010 season was Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors's seventeenth season in the K-League in South Korea. Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors is competing in K-League, League Cup, Korean FA Cup and Champions League as defending champions.


2010 Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors season, Current squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2010 Jersey by-elections, Senatorial by-election
Stuart Syvret lost his seat in the house after being absent from Jersey, this meant that a by-election for Senator was held on Wednesday 16 June 2010. There was a 26.51% turnout for the election.


2010 Jiangxi derailment
At around CST 2:10 am (UTC+8)on 23 May 2010, train K859 travelling from Shanghai to Guilin derailed in a mountainous area in Dongxiang County, within Fuzhou City, Jiangxi. At least 19 people died, and 71 were injured. A total of at least 53 people were rescued and another 280 were taken from the train. Within 12 hours all survivors had been removed as the rescue effort got underway.


2010 Jiangxi derailment, Incident
According to the Ministry of Railways, the train was derailed by flaws in the track caused by a landslide. The landslide was caused by previous days of heavy rain and flooding in the region, with recent storms in the area having led to the evacuation of 44,600 people and a further 1.46 million people having been affected by the storms. Some carriages were found overturned, and one carriage was said to have "twisted and crushed another".


2010 Jiangxi derailment, Incident
A passenger, who broke his arm but managed to escape the wreckage without help, reportedly "saw bits of bodies on the floor". A member of the railway police at the scene said, "Each carriage had 118 seats. It is not yet immediately known how many passengers were aboard". More than 280 passengers were evacuated from the train and 53 had been freed from the wreckage as of 9:00 CST on Sunday. Four legal medical experts were requested to assist with identification of bodies.


2010 Jiangxi derailment, Response
The accident caused the closure of the Shanghai-Kunming railway line. Around 2,000 people, among them fire-fighters, police and soldiers, removed at least 280 trapped passengers and other people from the wreckage. An investigation was launched by Chinese authorities. The incident occurred on the same day as a truck and bus collision which killed 32 people and hospitalised 21 others. Within 24 hours all of the derailed carriages had been removed from the site. Rail services resumed at around 22:00 23 May 2010 (BT).


2010 Johan Cruyff Shield
The fifteenth edition of the Johan Cruyff Shield (Dutch: Johan Cruijff Schaal) was held on 31 July 2010 at the Amsterdam Arena. The match was played between the 2009–10 Eredivisie champions FC Twente and 2009–10 KNVB Cup winners Ajax. FC Twente won the match 1–0 with a goal from Luuk de Jong.


2010 Johnson & Johnson children's product recall
The 2010 Johnson & Johnson children's product recall was a voluntary recall of 43 over-the-counter children's medicines announced by McNeil Consumer Healthcare, a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson, on April 30, 2010. Medications in the recall included liquid versions of Tylenol, Tylenol Plus, Motrin, Zyrtec, and Benadryl. The products were recalled after it was determined that they "may not fully meet the required manufacturing specifications". The recall affected at least 12 countries.


2010 Johnson & Johnson children's product recall, Discovery of manufacturing problems
During a routine inspection on April 19, federal investigators found several "manufacturing deficiencies" at a McNeil manufacturing facility in Fort Washington, Pennsylvania, United States. According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the plant's manufacturing process was "not in control," meaning it was using flawed procedures that could potentially lead to manufacturing errors. As a result, some products "may contain a higher concentration of active ingredient than is specified; others contain inactive ingredients that may not meet internal testing requirements; and others may contain tiny [foreign] particles." Foreign particles could potentially include solidified ingredients or "manufacturing residue such as tiny metal specks" or mold.


2010 Johnson & Johnson children's product recall, Discovery of manufacturing problems
It was not clear when the problems began, but FDA official Douglas Stearn said it "does go back in time". The official FDA report, released May 4, said investigators found thick dust, grime, and contaminated ingredients at the manufacturing plant. Burkholderia cepacia bacteria was found on some equipment which, according to Johnson & Johnson, never was actually put into use.


2010 Johnson & Johnson children's product recall, Recall
According to the FDA, the agency alerted Johnson & Johnson of the problem via letter on Friday, April 30. That evening, McNeil announced a voluntary recall of the affected products. According to Johnson & Johnson spokesperson Bonnie Jacob, the company had conducted an independent internal assessment and already alerted the FDA of recall plans before the letter arrived. Canada, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Guam, Guatemala, Jamaica, Kuwait, Puerto Rico, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, the United Arab Emirates, and the United States were affected by the recall. It includes all non-expired packages produced in the United States – more than 100,000 bottles of medicine in total. "A vast portion of the [American] children's medicine market" was affected by the recall. In Canada, only Children's Motrin and Children's Tylenol Cough & Runny Nose were affected by the recall.


2010 Johnson & Johnson children's product recall, Recall
According to the FDA, consumers should stop using the recalled products even though the chance of related health problems was "remote." A McNeil spokesperson stated that the recall was not made on "the basis of adverse medical events". As of May 2, no injuries or deaths have been reported.


2010 Johnson & Johnson children's product recall, Recall
All production at the deficient plant has been voluntarily halted, but McNeil declined to state when the plant first ceased operations. In a statement, Johnson & Johnson said "a comprehensive quality assessment across its manufacturing operations" was underway. According to a spokesperson, fixes had already been identified by May 2, and would be put in place before operation resumed. A dedicated website and telephone hotline were established by the company to handle customer inquiries. The phone line was initially overwhelmed by a high call volume.


2010 Johnson & Johnson children's product recall, Aftermath
On May 6, The House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform launched an investigation into Johnson & Johnson, saying that the recall combined with previous recalls "point to a major problem" with the company's production. "Taken together, these recalls point to a major problem in the production of McNeil products," said a statement from the panel's leadership. The company issued four recalls in the preceding year, and has recalled a variety of products since.


2010 Jordan Brand Classic
The 2010 Jordan Brand Classic, Presented by Foot Locker was an All-star basketball game played on Saturday, April 17, 2010 at Madison Square Garden in New York, New York, home of the NBA's New York Knicks. The game's rosters featured the best and most highly recruited high school boys graduating in 2010. The game was the 9th annual version of the Jordan Brand Classic first played in 2002.


2010 Jordan Brand Classic
The game takes its name from the chief organizer, Jordan Brand, a division of NIKE, Inc. The 20 players are routinely selected from the top 100 players as ranked by ESPNU. “As our preeminent basketball game, the Jordan Brand Classic strives to put the top talent on the floor each year and this year is no exception,” said Keith Houlemard, President of Jordan Brand. “We are thrilled to host the nation’s best at the World’s Most Famous Arena in the biggest city in the U.S.”


2010 Jordan Brand Classic
The 2010 selections consisted of the top 13 ranked players, 15 from the top 16, 18 from the top 25, and all 20 from the top 50 players in the rankings.


2010 Jordan Brand Classic, 2010 Game
The 2010 game was played at Madison Square Garden in New York, New York on April 17, 2010.


2010 Jordan Brand Classic, All-American Week, Schedule
The Jordan Brand Classic is the third game of a triple-header. In addition to the featured game, the schedule includes a Regional Game that showcases the top prep players from the New York City metropolitan area in a City vs. Suburbs showdown. Now in its third year, an International Game is also played that features 16 of the top 17-and-under players from around the world.


2010 Jordan Brand Classic, All-American Week, Schedule
This year’s triple-header will begin with the Regional Game at 3:30 p.m. followed by the International Game at 5:30 p.m., and the All-American Game at 8:00 p.m.


2010 Jordan Brand Classic, All-American Week, Schedule
In addition to the game, the Jordan Brand All-Americans have a number of special events around New York City. Other events held in prior years have included an autograph session at the Foot Locker House of Hoops, a celebrity bowling event at Lucky Strikes, a visit with kids from the Children’s Aid Society at the Dunlevy Millbank Center in Harlem and attendance at the annual awards dinner, where they receive their All-American medallions.


2010 Jordan Rally
The 2010 Jordan Rally was the third round of the 2010 World Rally Championship season. The rally took place over April 1–3, and was based beside the Dead Sea, some 50 kilometres (31 mi) from the country's capital, Amman. The rally was also the third round of both the Production Car World Rally Championship, and the Super 2000 World Rally Championship. Sébastien Loeb won the 56th WRC rally of his career, taking the lead midway through the second leg, and holding on to win by 35.8 seconds ahead of Jari-Matti Latvala, who had been the pacesetter on the first day. Petter Solberg finished third, taking his second successive podium after his second in Mexico.


2010 Jordan Rally
Much of the talk on the rally was down to controversial team orders in relation to road position. Citroën Junior Team's Sébastien Ogier left the final morning's service five minutes late, getting a time penalty that dropped him behind Ford's Latvala. Ford used Mikko Hirvonen – who had retired on the first day, and was returning under SupeRally conditions – as their hand, to leave service early so he jumped up the running order. Citroën countered by making Ogier check into the time control at SS14 eight minutes early, to road sweep ahead of Loeb. Citroën later stated that Ogier's late departure was due to an electrical problem. Ogier's teammate Kimi Räikkönen finished eighth and became the second driver after Carlos Reutemann to score drivers' championship points in both Formula One and the World Rally Championship.


2010 Jordan Rally
In the SWRC, Xavier Pons won his second consecutive event, and again managed to break into the top ten placings in the overall standings. His margin of victory over Eyvind Brynildsen was nearly twelve minutes, as he moved into a ten-point lead in the SWRC standings. Sweden victor Per-Gunnar Andersson finished third ahead of Nasser Al-Attiyah, Patrik Sandell and Jari Ketomaa.


2010 Jordan Rally
In the PWRC, Patrik Flodin took his second victory in two starts, beating Armindo Araújo by close to two minutes. Araújo's second place was enough to maintain his lead in the championship standings, but Flodin now trails by just eight points. Nicholai Georgiou finished third.


2010 Jordan Shield Cup
The 2010 Jordan FA Shield was the 29th Jordan FA Shield to be played.


2010 Jordan Shield Cup
All 12 teams of 2010–11 Jordan League played in this competition. The Teams were divided into three groups.


2010 Jordanian general election
Early general elections were held in Jordan on 9 November 2010 following the dissolution of the previous parliament by King Abdullah II in November 2009; the elections having not been due until November 2011. A majority of the seats were won by pro-government or tribal candidates who were seen as likely to support the government's agenda. Seventeen candidates were from opposition parties, excluding the Islamic Action Front. Seventy-eight MPs were first time parliamentarians. Voter turnout was 53%.


2010 Jordanian general election, Background
In 2009, King Abdullah II dissolved parliament on the grounds that it failed to "address the people's needs" only halfway through a four-year mandate, and also for "inept handling of legislation and failing to address poverty and unemployment."


2010 Jordanian general election, Background
In 1991, the National Accord was signed, 2 years after political parties were legalised and an election was called. In return for agreeing to work under the government instead of against it, political freedoms and legalisation of the parties were allowed. However, there had been allegations of repeated violations of the pact and attempts to undermine the election.


2010 Jordanian general election, Background
An electoral law created in 1993 effectively gave the rural areas a larger representation at the expense of the urban areas and had in effect created sub-identities and split the country into Palestinian areas, most of whom tended to side with the Islamic Action Front or leftist and pan-Arab nationalists, and Bedouin areas.


2010 Jordanian general election, Campaign
There were 763 candidates in the election, with 75% of incumbent MPs  running again.


2010 Jordanian general election, Campaign
The main opposition, the Muslim Brotherhood-affiliated Islamic Action Front, announced on 30 July 2010 it would boycott the polls due to unfair election laws which gave undue weight to the rural, sparsely populated areas, and other issues. The "one-man-one-vote" law was seen as "engineered to deprive the Islamic Action Front of votes." Seven IAF candidates defied the boycott and ran as independents, with the IAF expelling five of them. As a result of the boycotts, including the main opposition group, the poll was viewed with skepticism. As a result of the calls for a boycott and allegations of fraud, a low voter turnout was expected, particularly amongst the Palestinian population.


2010 Jordanian general election, Opinion polls
The result was expected to be a predictable win for pro-government candidates and tribesmen with strong ties to the monarchy.


2010 Jordanian general election, Conduct
For the first time the government allowed international observers into the country, with 250 in attendance. The National Democratic Institute reported that there had been a "clear improvement" compared with the 2007 elections.


2010 Jordanian general election, Conduct
On election day, there were 53 incidences of violence across the country, with fighting between tribes loyal to different candidates led to at least one death and more injures.


2010 Jordanian general election, Analysis
An Al Jazeera analysis said that while the election may have succeeded in "manufacturing consent", the costs may be much higher in that it fomented an "atmosphere of mutual suspicion that undermines national unity and social cohesion at a time when Jordan needs to confront tremors of regional instability."


2010 Jos and Maiduguri attacks
On 24 December 2010, jihadist group Boko Haram carried out attacks in Jos and Maiduguri in Nigeria, killing 38 people.


2010 Jos and Maiduguri attacks
Four bombs exploded in Jos, Plateau State, killing 32 people: two near a large market, one in a mainly Christian area and another near a road leading to the city's main mosque. Six people were killed in attacks on two churches in Maiduguri, Borno State.


2010 Jos riots
The 2010 Jos riots were clashes between Muslim and Christian ethnic groups in central Nigeria in and near the city of Jos. Jos is the capital of Plateau State, in the middle of the divide between the predominantly Muslim north of Nigeria and the predominantly Christian south. Since 2001, the area has been plagued by violence motivated by multiple factors. The clashes have been characterised as "religious violence" by many news sources, although others cite ethnic and economic differences as the root of the violence.


2010 Jos riots
The first spate of violence of 2010 started on 17 January in Jos and spread to surrounding communities. Houses, churches, mosques and vehicles were set ablaze, during at least four days of fighting. At least 326 people, and possibly more than a thousand, were killed.


2010 Jos riots
Hundreds of people died in fresh clashes in March 2010. Many christians were killed and dumped into wells.


2010 Jos riots
This is the third major incident of rioting in Jos in the last ten years. Some one thousand people were killed in riots in 2001, and at least 700 died in subsequent violence in 2008.


2010 Jos riots, Overview, January
Reports on the catalyst vary. According to the state police commissioner, skirmishes began after Muslim youths set a Catholic church, filled with worshippers, on fire. A local paper reported that attackers yelled "Allahu Akhbar" before burning down churches and homes. Other community leaders say it began with an argument over the rebuilding of a Muslim home in a predominantly Christian neighbourhood that had been destroyed in the November 2008 riots. Both Muslim and Christian youth have been blamed for starting the violence. A 24-hour curfew was imposed on the city on 17 January 2010.


2010 Jos riots, Overview, January
On 19 January, the violence spread to smaller towns and villages south of Jos. Armed mobs, mostly Christians from the Berom ethnic group, attacked Muslims, including Hausa-Fulani residents, killing or driving them out and burning their homes, mosques, and property. The worst massacre took place on 19 January in the settlement of Kuru Karama, where 174 people, including 36 women and 56 children, were killed. Satellite images released by Human Rights Watch show the near complete destruction of buildings in Kuru Karama.


2010 Jos riots, Overview, January
The BBC reported the fighting had spread to Pankshin, 100 km from Jos. These reports have been denied by the Army. On 20 January, Vice-President Goodluck Jonathan ordered troops to Plateau State to restore order. Vice-President Jonathan held executive authority at the time, as President Umaru Yar'Adua was in Saudi Arabia receiving medical treatment.


2010 Jos riots, Overview, January
The state police command said 326 people died in the January violence. Community leaders put the figure at 1,025 dead. More than 5,000 people were displaced.


2010 Jos riots, Overview, March
Before dawn on 7 March 2010, Muslim Hausa-Fulani herders massacred more than one hundred Christians in Dogo-Nahawa village near Jos. Residents in the village were mainly Berom Christians. The attacks went on for four hours, and nearby villages were also targeted. The attackers fired guns to cause panic and as people fled chopped them with machetes. They set alight many of the buildings and left corpses dumped in the streets. Many of the dead were women and children, including an infant less than three months of age.


2010 Jos riots, Overview, March
The state police command reported that 109 people died in the attack, including at least 38 children. A state official told journalists that more than 500 people were killed, while a plaque at a mass grave in Dogo-Nahawa states that 501 died in the massacre, and lists the names of 354 victims. Other community leaders put the death toll at 164, including 34 women and 98 children.


2010 Jos riots, Causes
The clashes have often been characterised as "religious violence." The Plateau State Christian Elders Consultative Forum, for example, referred to the March 2010 attack in Dogo-Nahawa as "yet another jihad and provocation" while Muslims community regards the clash as an effort to eradicate Muslim inhabitant in a mission for religious profiling. Many others, however, cite ethnic differences and social and economic issues as the root of the violence.


2010 Jos riots, Causes
The Anglican Archbishop of Jos, Benjamin A. Kwashi, for example, noted that, "What seems to be a recurring decimal is that over time, those who have in the past used violence to settle political issues, economic issues, social matters, intertribal disagreements, or any issue for that matter, now continue to use that same path of violence and cover it up with religion." Professor Kabiru Mato of the University of Abuja also played down the role of religion in the riots: "I don't see anything religious.


2010 Jos riots, Causes
Wherein religion could be the difference between the two warring factions, fundamentally it's a manifestation of economic alienation. So social apathy, political frustration, economic deprivation and so many factors are responsible." But this view has been challenged by the fact that places of worship, such as churches and mosques, have always been targeted during these riots. So religion has been used as a galvanising force in the crisis no matter what the initial cause of conflict.


2010 Jos riots, Causes
An ethnic rivalry between the Hausa and Berom peoples is also cited as a factor in the violence. The Catholic archbishop in Abuja, Nigeria's capital, referred to the violence as "a classic conflict between pastoralists and farmers, except that all the Fulani are Muslims and all the Berom are Christians." However, this assertion is challenged by the fact that most ethnic groups in Plateau State, which are predominantly Christian, share the same sentiments with the Berom and collectively see an Islamic threat in their own lands.


2010 Jos riots, Causes
"The Beroms have been accused of resenting the economic progress of other settler groups: yet, this is another simplistic assertion. Most Plateau natives collectively feel they do not have the Federal connections or patronage other major ethnic groups have. And most Nigerian wealth has been driven by oil money. The Beroms and other Plateau natives are predominantly farmers and have had to experience their lands taken away and degraded by tin mining. Now, they have to contend with migrant groups who use Federal influence and wealth to displace them from their own lands.


2010 Jos riots, Causes
The massive structure of the Federal Government is fuelled primarily by oil money. The Beroms, as well as other Plateau natives, feel they should have a measure of autonomy in their core lands just the way Native Americans in their homesteads are treated as a Sovereign nation, elevated to the status of a protected minority. Nigeria's constitution has no place for respecting the rights of minorities, whether it is Jos, or the Niger Delta."


2010 Jos riots, Causes
Discrimination against the mainly Muslim "settlers" of Jos is also cited as an issue. While the mainly Christian indigenous population are classified as "indigenes," the mainly Muslim immigrants to Jos, many of them Hausa-Fulani, are classified as "settlers," even if they have been living in the city for decades, and find it difficult to secure government jobs or educational scholarships, among other things. This has further accentuated divisions in and around the city.


2010 Jos riots, Response
The Vatican expressed outrage and sadness at the riots. Pope Benedict XVI said the attacks were "atrocious" and "violence does not resolve conflicts but only increases the tragic consequences."


2010 Jos riots, Response
Vice President Jonathan, who was the acting president at the time, urged that the killers be caught. The police announced that 313 people were arrested in relation to the January 2010 violence, while 200 people were arrested following the March 2010 violence. As of 2013, federal prosecutors had secured convictions of at least 129 people involved in the 2010 violence.


2010 Jos riots, Response
The Socio-Economic Rights and Accountability Project wrote to the International Criminal Court, asking them to investigate the riots for potential crimes against humanity. The ICC prosecutor replied in November 2010 stating that the situation was being analysed by the prosecutor to see if a case should be opened.


2010 Ju-Jitsu World Championships
The 2010 Ju-Jitsu World Championship were the 9th edition of the Ju-Jitsu World Championships, and were held in Saint Petersburg, Russia from November 27 to November 28, 2010.


2010 Judgments of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
This is a list of the judgments given by the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom in 2010 and statistics associated thereupon. Since the Supreme Court began its work on 1 October 2009, this year was its first full year of operation. In total, 58 cases were heard in 2010.


2010 Judgments of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
The table lists judgments made by the court and the opinions of the judges in each case. Judges are treated as having concurred in another's judgment when they either formally attach themselves to the judgment of another or speak only to acknowledge their concurrence with one or more judges. Any judgment which reaches a conclusion which differs from the majority on one or more major points of the appeal has been treated as dissent.


2010 Judgments of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
Because every judge in the court is entitled to hand down a judgment, it is not uncommon for 'factions' to be formed who reach the same conclusion in different ways, or for all members of the court to reach the same conclusion in different ways. The table does not reflect this.


2010 Judo World Masters
The 2010 Judo World Masters World Masters was held in Suwon, South Korea, from 14-15 January 2010.


2010 Jumping International de France
The Jumping International de France 2010 was the 2010 edition of Jumping International de France, the French official show jumping horse show, in the Stadium François André in La Baule-Escoublac. It was held as CSIO 5*.


2010 Jumping International de France
The first horse show were held 1931 in La Baule, since 1960 La Baule is the location of the French official show jumping horse show (CSIO = Concours de Saut International Officiel). This year the 50 year-jubilee as CSIO is celebrated.


2010 Jumping International de France
The 2010 edition of Jumping International de France was held between May 13, 2010 and May 16, 2010.


2010 Jumping International de France, FEI Nations Cup of France
The 2010 FEI Nations Cup of France was part of the Jumping International de France 2010. It was the first competition of the 2010 Meydan FEI Nations Cup.


2010 Jumping International de France, FEI Nations Cup of France
The 2010 FEI Nations Cup of France was held at Friday, May 14, 2010 at 3:25 pm. The competing teams were: France, the United States of America, Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Ireland, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Spain and Poland. It was first time a team of a former Eastern Bloc nation, Poland, competing in a competition of the Meydan FEI Nations Cup (former Samsung Super League).


2010 Jumping International de France, FEI Nations Cup of France
The competition was a show jumping competition with two rounds and optionally one jump-off. The height of the fences was up to 1.60 meters. Eight of ten teams were allowed to start in the second round.


2010 Jumping International de France, FEI Nations Cup of France
(grey penalties points do not count for the team result)


2010 Jumping International de France, Grand Prix Longines de la ville de la Baule
The Grand Prix de la ville de la Baule was the mayor competition of the Jumping International de France 2010. It was held at Sunday, May 16, 2010 at 1:40 pm. The competition was a show jumping competition with one round and one jump-off, the height of the fences was up to 1.60 meters.


2010 Jumping International de France, Grand Prix Longines de la ville de la Baule
The main sponsor of the Grand Prix de la ville de la Baule is Longines. The Grand Prix was endowed with 200,000 €.


2010 June rugby union tests
The 2010 mid-year rugby union tests (also known as the Summer Internationals in the Northern Hemisphere) refers to the rugby union Internationals that were played from late May to late June, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere.


2010 June rugby union tests
For Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, the Tests constituted preparation for the 2010 Tri Nations.


2010 June rugby union tests
The first nation to announce its fixtures for this series was Australia, which unveiled its schedule on 21 September 2009.


2010 June rugby union tests
South Africa announced its fixtures on 8 October 2009, but delayed announcing the venues since it simultaneously hosted the 2010 FIFA World Cup. FIFA regulations call for World Cup venues to be handed over to FIFA 15 days before the World Cup starts. FIFA also prohibits any other major sporting events from being held in host cities from 7 days before the opening of the World Cup until 7 days after its end. An agreement was reached between the South African Rugby Union and the local World Cup organising committee to allow the match against France to be held at SARU's intended venue of Newlands in Cape Town, a non-World Cup venue in a World Cup city.


2010 Junior League World Series
The 2010 Junior League World Series took place from August 15–21 in Taylor, Michigan, United States. Taipei, Taiwan defeated Tyler, Texas in the championship game.


2010 Juno Cup
The Juno Cup of 2010 was an ice hockey game which took place in Torbay, Newfoundland and Labrador on 16 April 2010. This was the seventh annual such competition which is a charitable event held in conjunction with the 2010 Juno Awards in nearby St. John's. Michael Landsberg of TSN was the play-by-play announcer.


2010 Juno Cup
The NHL Greats won the game 9–8. Proceeds support the musical education initiative MusiCounts.


2010 Juno Cup, Roster
Competing teams consist of the NHL Greats (NHL players) and The Rockers (musicians).


2010 Jupiter impact event
The 2010 Jupiter impact event was a bolide impact event on Jupiter by an object estimated to be about 8–13 metres (26–43 ft) in diameter. The impactor may have been an asteroid, comet, centaur, extinct comet, or temporary satellite  capture.


2010 Jupiter impact event, Observation
The impact happened 3 June 2010, and was recorded and first reported by amateur astronomer Anthony Wesley from Australia. The event was confirmed by Christopher Go at the Philippines, who recorded the event and released a video. Wesley is the same person who had been first to report the 2009 Jupiter impact event.


2010 Jupiter impact event, Observation
The observed flash lasted about two seconds. It was located in the South Equatorial Belt, about fifty degrees from the central meridian. The June 2010 superbolide impactor probably measured between 8 and 13 metres (26 and 43 ft) across, with a mass between 500 and 2,000 tonnes (490 and 1,970 long tons; 550 and 2,200 short tons). Jupiter probably gets hit by several objects of this size each year.


2010 Jupiter impact event, Observation
On 20 August 2010 UT, yet another flash event was detected on Jupiter. As of 23 August two other observers had recorded the same event.


2010 Jämtland county election
Jämtland County held a county council election on 19 September 2010, on the same day as the general and municipal elections.


2010 Jämtland county election, Results
The number of seats remained at 55 with the Social Democrats winning the most at 24, a gain of two from 2006. The party received near 41 % of a valid vote of 78,700.


2010 K League Championship
The 2010 K League Championship was the 14th competition of the K League Championship, and was held to decide the 28th champions of the K League. The top six clubs of the regular season qualified for the championship. The winners of the regular season directly qualified for the final, and second place team qualified for the semi-final. The other four clubs entered the first round, and the winners of the second round advanced to the semi-final. Each match was played as a single match, excluding the final which consisted of two matches.


2010 K League Championship, First round, Jeonbuk vs Gyeongnam
Assistant referees:Kim Yong-soo (South Korea)Son Jae-sun (South Korea)Fourth official:Ahn Yong-hee (South Korea)


2010 K League Championship, First round, Ulsan vs Seongnam
Assistant referees:Won Chang-ho (South Korea)Jung Hae-sang (South Korea) Fourth official:Ko Keum-bok (South Korea)


2010 K League Championship, Second round
Assistant referees:Kim Sun-jin (South Korea)Kang Yi-sung (South Korea)Fourth official:Ko Keum-bok (South Korea)


2010 K League Championship, Semi-final
Assistant referees:Kim Jung-sik (South Korea)Son Jae-sun (South Korea)Fourth official:Lee Sam-ho (South Korea)


2010 K League Championship, Final, First leg
Assistant referees:Kim Seon-jin (South Korea)Kim Kye-soo (South Korea)Fourth official:Lee Sam-ho (South Korea)


2010 K League Championship, Final, Second leg
Assistant referees:Kim Jung-sik (South Korea)Son Jae-sun (South Korea)Fourth official:Ko Keum-bok (South Korea)


2010 K-League
The 2010 K League, officially known as Sonata K-League 2010, was the 28th season of the K League. It was sponsored by Hyundai Motor Company, and was held from 27 February to 5 December 2010.


2010 K-League
The K League match-fixing scandal, the biggest incident in history of South Korean football, occurred in this season, and was revealed in 2011. 15 matches were fixed by 47 players, and they were banned for life from working in football.


2010 K-League, Awards, Main awards
The K League Players' Player of the Year was published by Korean edition of FourFourTwo in summer, and was not an official award of the K League, but 148 players participated in the selection process.


2010 K3 League
The 2010 K3 League was the fourth season of the K3 League. Playoff systems were re-implemented in this season and league was divided two group and play with home and away each other, with the winners of each stage and the two runners-up advancing to the post-season championship playoffs.


2010 K3 League
The season began on 13 March 2010 and ended on 20 November 2010 with the final playoff match.


2010 K3 League, Competition format
The 18 teams in the league were divided into the Group A and Group B — eight in the Group A, eight in the Group B. Each team competed against the other team in same group twice, home and away, the other group's team once, home or away, for a total of 25 games. The two group winners and two runners-up qualified to the Championship playoff.


2010 K3 League, Group A, Overall standing
Overall standing is calculated by group A result plus inter league result.


2010 K3 League, Group B, Overall standing
Overall standing is calculated by group B result plus inter league result.


2010 K3 League, Inter League
K3 Inter League was formed for the first time in 2010 as supplementary football leagues that were created in order to increase the number of fixtures for K3 League clubs. Inter League was scheduled from 22 May to 24 July 2010.


2010 KBO–NPB Club Championship
The KBO–NPB Club Championship 2010 was contested between the champions of Nippon Professional Baseball's Japan Series, and the Korea Baseball Organization's Korean Series on Saturday, 13 November 2010. The game was played at the Tokyo Dome. The 2010 Championship was won by Japan's Chiba Lotte Marines.


2010 KBS Drama Awards
The 2010 KBS Drama Awards (Korean: KBS 연기대상) is a ceremony honoring the outstanding achievement in television on the Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) network for the year of 2010. It was held on December 31, 2010 and hosted by Choi Soo-jong, Lee Da-hae and Song Joong-ki.


2010 KHL Junior Draft
The 2010 KHL Junior Draft was the second entry draft held by the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL), taking place on June 4, 2010. Ice hockey players from around the world aged between 17 and 21 years of age were selected. Players eligible to take part in the draft were required to not have an active contract with a KHL, MHL or VHL team. A total of 690 players participated in the draft, 490 of these playing in Russia, 100 in Europe and 100 in North America.


2010 KHL Junior Draft
The first pick of the first round was Dmitrij Jaškin playing for VHK Vsetín at the time of the draft. He was picked by Sibir Novosibirsk.


2010 KHL Junior Draft, Nullified picks
The reasoning for the nullification was that these three players had active contracts with NHL teams at the time of the draft.


2010 KNSB Dutch Allround Championships
The 2010 KNSB Dutch Allround Championships in speed skating were held at the Thialf ice stadium in Heerenveen, Netherlands on 6 and 7 March 2010. The championships were part of the 2009-2010 speed skating season.


2010 KNSB Dutch Allround Championships
The men's and women's winners, Wouter olde Heuvel and Elma de Vries qualified for the 2010 World Allround Speed Skating Championships. Title holders Sven Kramer and Ireen Wüst didn't compete in the championships. They were already selected to compete at the World Allround Championships, besides of Jan Blokhuijsen and Diane Valkenburg, who also didn't compete at the Dutch Allround Championships. Topsportcommissie Langebaan selected the final two athletes for the World Allround Championships, after the Dutch Allround Championships.


2010 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships
The 2010 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships were held at the Thialf ice stadium in Heerenveen from Friday October 30 until Sunday November 1, 2009. Although the tournament was held in 2009 it was the 2010 edition as it is part of the 2009/2010 speed skating season.


2010 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships – Men's 10,000 m
The men's 10,000 meter at the 2010 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships took place in Heerenveen at the Thialf ice skating rink on Sunday 1 November 2009. Although this tournament was held in 2009 it was part of the speed skating season 2009–2010. There were 12 participants.


2010 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships – Men's 1000 m
The men's 1000 meter at the 2010 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships took place in Heerenveen at the Thialf ice skating rink on Saturday 31 October 2009. Although this tournament was held in 2009 it was part of the speed skating season 2009–2010. There were 24 participants.


2010 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships – Men's 1500 m
The men's 1500 m  at the 2010 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships in Heerenveen took place at Thialf on Sunday 1 November 2009. 26 athletes participated in the contest. The top five speed skaters qualified for the 1500 m at the 2009–10 ISU Speed Skating World Cup. Sven Kramer was the title holder.


2010 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships – Men's 500 m
The men's 500 meter at the 2010 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships took place in Heerenveen at the Thialf ice skating rink on 30 October – 1 November 2009. It consisted of twice 500 meter where the speed skaters started once in the inner and once in the outer lane. Although this tournament was held in 2009 it was part of the speed skating season 2009–2010. There were 24 participants.


2010 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships – Men's 5000 m
The men's 5000 m at the 2010 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships in Heerenveen took place at Thialf on Friday 30 October 2009. 20 athletes participated in the contest. Sven Kramer was the title holder. The top five speed skaters qualified for the 5000 m at the 2009–10 ISU Speed Skating World Cup.


2010 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships – Women's 1000 m
The women's 1000 meter at the 2010 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships took place in Heerenveen at the Thialf ice skating rink on Saturday 31 October 2009. Although this tournament was held in 2009, it was part of the speed skating season 2009–2010.


2010 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships – Women's 1500 m
The women's 1500 m  at the 2010 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships in Heerenveen took place at Thialf on 1 November 2009. The top five speed skaters qualified for the 1500 m at the 2009–10 ISU Speed Skating World Cup. Paulien van Deutekom was the title holder.


2010 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships – Women's 3000 m
The women's 3000 meter at the 2010 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships took place in Heerenveen at the Thialf ice skating rink on Saturday 31 October 2009. Although this tournament was held in 2009, it was part of the 2009–2010 speed skating season .


2010 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships – Women's 3000 m
The first 5 skaters qualified for the following 2009–10 ISU Speed Skating World Cup tournaments.


2010 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships – Women's 500 m
The women's 500 meter at the 2010 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships took place in Heerenveen at the Thialf ice skating rink on Friday 30 October 2009. Although this edition was held in 2009, it was part of the 2009–2010 speed skating season.


2010 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships – Women's 500 m
There were 22 participants who raced twice over 500m so that all skaters had to start once in the inner lane and once in the outer lane. There was a qualification selection incentive for the next following 2009–10 ISU Speed Skating World Cup tournaments.


2010 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships – Women's 5000 m
The women's 5000 meter at the 2010 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships took place in Heerenveen at the Thialf ice skating rink on Sunday 1 November 2009. Although this tournament was held in 2009, it was part of the 2009–2010 speed skating season.


2010 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships – Women's 5000 m
There were 10 participants. There was a qualification selection incentive for the next following 2009–10 ISU Speed Skating World Cup tournaments.


2010 KNSB Dutch Sprint Championships
The 2010 KNSB Dutch Sprint Championships in speed skating were held at the Kardinge ice stadium in Groningen, Netherlands.


2010 KNSB Dutch Super Sprint Championships
The 2010 KNSB Dutch Super Sprint Championships in speed skating were held at the Ice-rink De Westfries ice stadium in Hoorn, Netherlands at 21 January 2010.


2010 KQ
2010 KQ is a small asteroid-like object that has been discovered in an orbit about the Sun that is so similar to the Earth's orbit that scientists strongly suspect it to be a rocket stage that escaped years ago from the Earth–Moon system. The object was discovered on May 16, 2010 by Richard Kowalski at the Catalina Sky Survey, and has subsequently been observed by many observers, including Bill Ryan (Magdalena Ridge Observatory) and Peter Birtwhistle (England).


2010 KQ
It was given the asteroid designation 2010 KQ by the Minor Planet Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts, who identified its orbit as being very similar to that of the Earth. Orbit refinements by JPL's Paul Chodas and amateur astronomer Bill Gray have shown that this object was very close to the Earth in early 1975, but the trajectory is not known with enough accuracy to associate the object with any particular launch. Nevertheless, scientists do not expect that a natural object could remain in this type of orbit for very long because of its relatively high impact probability with the Earth. In fact, an analysis carried out by Paul Chodas suggests that 2010 KQ has a 6% chance of impacting the Earth over a 30-year period starting in 2036.


2010 KQ
Near-infrared spectral measurements of this object carried out by S.J. Bus (University of Hawaii) using the NASA IRTF telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii, indicate that its spectral characteristics do not match those of any of the known asteroid types, and in fact are similar to those of a rocket body. The object's absolute magnitude (28.9) also suggests that it is only a few meters in size, about the size of an upper stage. Additional observations over the coming months should allow scientists to discern how strongly solar radiation pressure affects the object's motion, a result that could help distinguish a solid, rocky asteroid from a lighter man-made object.


2010 KQ
Astronomer Richard Miles believes 2010 KQ may be the 4th stage of the Russian Proton rocket from the Luna 23 mission, launched October 28, 1974.


2010 KQ
Even in the unlikely event that this object is headed for impact with the Earth, whether it is an asteroid or rocket body, it is so small that it would disintegrate in the atmosphere and not cause harm on the ground.


2010 KZ39
2010 KZ39 is a trans-Neptunian object orbiting the Sun as a detached object in the outer reaches of the Solar System. It is likely a dwarf planet as it measures approximately 600 kilometers in diameter. The object was first observed on 21 May 2010 by astronomers Andrzej Udalski, Scott Sheppard, M. Szymanski and Chad Trujillo at the Las Campañas Observatory in Chile.


2010 KZ39, Description
2010 KZ39 orbits the Sun at a distance of 42.9–47.8 AU once every 305 years and 3 months (111,504 days), similar to Makemake, Chaos and other bodies that circle the Sun in 6:11 resonance to Neptune. Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.05 and an inclination of 26° with respect to the ecliptic.


2010 KZ39, Description
Using the best-fit values for its orbit, it is expected to come to perihelion in 2109. It has been observed 28 times over 3 oppositions and has an uncertainty parameter of 5. As of 2016, is 46.1 AU from the Sun. The body's spectral type as well as its rotation period remain unknown.


2010 KZ39, Description
Brown assumes an albedo of 0.09 and magnitude of 4.5, resulting in an estimated diameter of 574 kilometers. However, because the albedo is unknown and it a currently estimated absolute magnitude of 4.03±0.01, its diameter could easily fall between 414 and 933 km for an assumed albedo between 0.25 and 0.05, respectively.


2010 Kabaddi World Cup (Circle style)
Pearls Kabaddi World Cup 2010 was the first international circle style kabaddi world cup and was held in Punjab, India.


2010 Kabaddi World Cup (Circle style), Teams
With the last-minute withdrawal of Norway, nine teams competed for the Prize Money Pearls World Cup Kabaddi Punjab-2010 hosted by the Punjab Government at different venues of the state from 3 to 12 April.


2010 Kabaddi World Cup (Circle style), Pools
Announcing the draw, Organising Secretary Pargat Singh said that the teams would be divided into two pools. Hosts India were placed in Pool A while their traditional rivals Pakistan were in Pool B.


2010 Kabaddi World Cup (Circle style), Competition format
Nine teams competed in the tournament consisting of two rounds. In the first round, teams were divided into two pools of five and four teams, and followed round-robin format with each of the teams playing all other teams in the pool once.


2010 Kabaddi World Cup (Circle style), Competition format
Following the completion of the pool games, teams placed first and second in each pool advanced to a single elimination round consisting of two semifinal games, a third place play-off and a final.


2010 Kabaddi World Cup (Circle style), Venues
World Cup Kabaddi Punjab-2010 was held at various districts of Punjab from 3–12 April 2010. The venues were as follows:


2010 Kabaddi World Cup (Circle style), Prize money
The winning team received a cash award of ₹1 crore besides a glittering rolling trophy. Runners-up took ₹51 lakh and third-place winners ₹21 lakh.


2010 Kabaddi World Cup (Circle style), Prize money
The fourth position were worth ₹10 lakh. Besides, individual awards (tractors) and other prizes were also given among the winners. Each team also got a sum of Rs 5 lakh as appearance money.


2010 Kabaddi World Cup (Circle style), Schedule
All matches' timings are according to Indian Standard Time (UTC +5:30).


2010 Kabaddi World Cup (Circle style), Broadcasting rights
India: Punjab Television Channel (PTC) had the broadcasting rights in India and Asia.


2010 Kabaddi World Cup (Circle style), Winners
India won the Kabaddi World Cup by defeating Pakistan in an interesting match on 12 April 2010 at Guru Nanak Stadium, Ludhiana and won ₹1 Crore as a Prize money and a glittering Golden World Cup Trophy. Pakistani team was paid ₹51 lakh as prize money and a Silver Cup Trophy. The best stopper award was won by Indian Captain Mangat Singh Manga and Best Raider award won by Kulwinder Singh Kinda of Canada. Both players were given tractors as an award. Mr. Parkash Singh Badal was heard to pay ₹5,000 to each player for every point but in the end this amount was reduced to ₹2,000. A government job was also announced for each Indian player.


2010 Kakkonen – Finnish League Division 2
League tables for teams participating in Kakkonen, the third tier of the Finnish football league system, in 2010.


2010 Kalgoorlie-Boulder earthquake
The 2010 Kalgoorlie-Boulder earthquake was a 5.2 Mw earthquake that occurred near the city of Kalgoorlie-Boulder, Western Australia on 20 April 2010, at approximately 8:17 am WST.


2010 Kalgoorlie-Boulder earthquake
The earthquake caused major damage to the historic buildings in Kalgoorlie-Boulder. Its epicenter was approximately 10 km (10 mi) southwest of Kalgoorlie, at a depth of 10 km (6.2 mi). The duration of shaking lasted about 10–15 seconds and was felt up to 1,007 km (626 mi) away. It was also the largest recorded in the Goldfields region in terms of magnitude and one of the largest in Australia in terms of resulting damage. No one was killed but two people were treated at Kalgoorlie Hospital for minor injuries resulting from the earthquake. It resulted in the temporary closure of local gold mines including the Super Pit gold mine.


2010 Kallang slashing
The 2010 Kallang slashing was a series of five robberies committed by a group of eight Malaysians from Sarawak, Malaysia in the night of 29 May 2010 and the early hours of the morning of 30 May 2010 (some of the culprits were not involved in the subsequent four robberies), mostly around Kallang Area, Singapore. In the robberies, there were a total of five victims – the first four victims were seriously injured and hospitalised while a fifth victim was killed.


2010 Kallang slashing
Three of the perpetrators were charged with murder, four with gang robbery and the final culprit remained on the run for seven years before being arrested and charged with murder. Eventually, two were convicted of murder - with one eventually hanged in 2019 and the other jailed for life and caned - while the other six were dealt with varied jail terms and caning for multiple charges of armed robbery with hurt, gang robbery and attempted robbery.


2010 Kallang slashing, Background, The first four robberies
On the night of 29 May 2010, a 47-year-old Chinese national and construction worker Wang Jiu Sheng was talking on his mobile phone while squatting on a pavement under the MRT tracks near Lorong 17, Geylang. During the phone call, a group of eight robbers set upon Wang, hit him on the head with a brick, slashed him with a parang, and snatched his mobile phone. During the attack, Wang suffered deep cut on four fingers on his left hand, which he raised to defend himself. The eight robbers had earlier agreed to commit robbery after some drinks in their rented room in Geylang.


2010 Kallang slashing, Background, The first four robberies
Later on, during the early hours of 30 May 2010, four out of the eight robbers went to Kallang Area to look for targets to rob. There, the group of four's first target was 24-year-old Indian national and construction worker Sandeep Singh. When he was chatting with family members from India on his phone while sitting on a rocking horse in the playground, Sandeep was hit on the head from behind by one of the attackers, 31-year-old Sarawakian Tony Anak Imba, with a brick.


2010 Kallang slashing, Background, The first four robberies
Sandeep was also slashed on the head, left forearm, left ear and back with a parang by Micheal Anak Garing, Tony's 22-year-old accomplice. Sandeep was robbed of his mobile phone and wallet. The skull fracture exposed Sandeep's brain and broken bone chips were embedded on his brain. Medical experts later testified that the injury would have led to Sandeep's death from a brain infection, but he survived with timely murder intervention.


2010 Kallang slashing, Background, The first four robberies
After robbing Sandeep, the four robbers - Tony, Micheal, and two of their six accomplices and fellow Malaysians from Sarawak, 19-year-old cleaner Hairee Anak Landak and 19-year-old Donny Anak Meluda - encountered 19-year-old Singaporean Ang Jun Heng (洪隽衡 hóng jùn héng). At that time, Ang was walking alone along a footpath beneath the MRT tracks near Kallang MRT station after a late night out with his friends. Tony first kicked Ang. When Ang, then a full-time National Serviceman, was about to defend himself, he was attacked by the other robbers, who punched, kicked and slashed him.


2010 Kallang slashing, Background, The first four robberies
Ang's left palm was severed during the attack, causing him to lose the four fingers on his left hand. He also sustained head injuries and laceration wounds, including a deep wound on his neck which almost cut his spinal cord. Nine hours after the attack, Ang was spotted by a pedestrian who spotted him lying in an open field behind a school. Medical experts highlighted at the trial that this particular injury could have been fatal without timely medical care.


2010 Kallang slashing, Background, The first four robberies
The third victim was 43-year-old Indian national Egan Karrupaiah. The pipe fitter was similarly robbed of his mobile phone and wallet, and was assaulted by Micheal, Tony and Donny (Hairee was not involved in the assault this time even though he had been there at the scene); this left him with several fractures and lacerations, and four of his fingers sliced off. Both of his arms were almost hacked to the bone.


2010 Kallang slashing, Background, The fifth and last robbery: the death of Shanmuganathan Dillidurai
After the robbers had robbed Egan, they targeted 41-year-old construction worker Shanmuganathan Dillidurai whom they found riding a bicycle along Kallang Road near a condominium. Tony first attacked him by knocking him off the bicycle. After that, Shanmuganathan was severely assaulted by all the four robbers, with Micheal wielding a parang to slash him while Tony holding the man down. Shanmuganathan sustained a fractured skull, a severed left hand, a deep slash wound across his neck (severing his jugular vein) and a wound over his back which cut so deep that his shoulder blade was cracked.


2010 Kallang slashing, Background, The fifth and last robbery: the death of Shanmuganathan Dillidurai
Shanmuganathan did not survive the attack and he died. His body was found at 7:30 am (SGT). An autopsy conducted by forensic pathologist Dr. Paul Chui revealed that there were twenty injuries (including the four injuries mentioned above) on Shanmuganathan, and four of these injuries were the ones that killed him. At the time of his death, Shanmuganathan, who came to Singapore from Chennai to work since 2008, was married with two children. Shanmuganathan was also the last victim of the Kallang robbers' crime spree, which lasted around eight hours.


2010 Kallang slashing, Background, Arrests and charges
After the commission of the five robbery offenses, police investigations led to the arrest of Micheal, Tony and Hairee, as well as their four other companions - Peter Usit Musa, 22; Slyvester Beragok, 26; Landa Surai, 28 and Shahman Milak, 21 - who participated in the first robbery of Wang Jiu Sheng. However, of all the eight people in the robbery, only Donny Meluda was not arrested, as he fled from Singapore into Malaysia hours after committing the gruesome robberies.


2010 Kallang slashing, Background, Arrests and charges
Micheal, Tony and Hairee, who were identified as the main participants of the Kallang robberies (together with the missing Donny Medula), were charged with the murder of Shanmuganathan Dillidurai; the crime of murder was considered as a hanging offence under Singapore law and thus carries the mandatory death penalty at that time. The four other people, who were not directly involved in the Kallang case, were only charged with gang robbery for their participation in the first robbery. The investigation officer of the Kallang case was Senior Staff Sergeant Iskandar bin Rahmat, the police officer who would murder a father and son during a robbery in Kovan three years later and sentenced to death.


2010 Kallang slashing, Background, The convictions of the four minor accomplices
In October 2010, merely five months after the Kallang slashings, one of the minor accomplices - Shahman Milak - was sentenced to two years' imprisonment and six strokes of the cane for attempted robbery after pleading guilty to the charge. Peter Usit Musa, Landa Surai, and Slyvester Beragok were brought to trial for the gang robbery of Wang Jiu Sheng. The trio were each sentenced to six years' imprisonment and twelve strokes of the cane for gang robbery in February 2011.


2010 Kallang slashing, The trials of the Kallang murderers, Hairee Anak Landak's conviction and sentence
Eventually, the murder charge against Hairee Anak Landak, who was of Iban descent, was reduced to one of armed robbery with hurt. Hairee pleaded guilty to the reduced charge; he also admitted to two more charges of armed robbery with hurt relating to the attacks on Sandeep and Ang and was thus convicted of these three criminal charges while a fourth charge was taken into consideration during sentencing.


2010 Kallang slashing, The trials of the Kallang murderers, Hairee Anak Landak's conviction and sentence
On 18 January 2013, 23-year-old Hairee Landak was sentenced to a total of 33 years' imprisonment and the maximum caning sentence of 24 strokes of the cane; during sentencing, Justice Tay Yong Kwang reportedly pointed out the "extremely vicious" nature of the attacks, agreeing with the prosecution to commit Hairee to a lengthy jail term with caning despite the mitigation plea by Hairee's two lawyers John Abraham and Rajan Supramaniam for leniency on account of Hairee's young age at the time of the offense and his cooperation with the police after his arrest. There was no appeal filed against the sentence.


2010 Kallang slashing, The trials of the Kallang murderers, The murder trial of Micheal Anak Garing, and Tony Anak Imba
The trial of Micheal Anak Garing and Tony Anak Imba began on 3 October 2013. Micheal was represented by lawyers Ramesh Tiwary and Josephus Tan, while Tony was represented by lawyers B. J. Lean and Amarick Gill Singh. The prosecution team consisted of Deputy Public Prosecutor (DPP) Anandan Bala, DPP Seraphina Fong Mian Yi, and DPP Marcus Foo Guo Wen from the Attorney-General's Chambers. The case was heard before Justice Choo Han Teck in the High Court of Singapore.


2010 Kallang slashing, The trials of the Kallang murderers, The murder trial of Micheal Anak Garing, and Tony Anak Imba
At the trial, all the three victims - Sandeep Singh, Ang Jun Heng, and Egan Karrupaiah - all testified at the trial against the two murder defendants. Even though he was the investigative officer in charge of this case, Senior Staff Sergeant Iskandar bin Rahmat, however, did not come to the trial to testify against the two men because he was undergoing investigations and remanded for his involvement in the Kovan Double Murders, which he committed merely three months before the beginning of the men's murder trial.


2010 Kallang slashing, The trials of the Kallang murderers, The murder trial of Micheal Anak Garing, and Tony Anak Imba
The defense counsel for the two men sought to object to the prosecution's evidence regarding the first robberies they committed before that of Shanmuganathan, arguing over the pre-judicial effect it might have on their clients' cases. Later on, Justice Choo ruled that the evidence of the other robberies are relevant to the case.


2010 Kallang slashing, The trials of the Kallang murderers, The murder trial of Micheal Anak Garing, and Tony Anak Imba
In their respective defenses, both men gave conflicting defenses and blamed each other for the death of Shanmuganathan.


2010 Kallang slashing, The trials of the Kallang murderers, The murder trial of Micheal Anak Garing, and Tony Anak Imba
Micheal insisted in his defense that he did wield the parang but only swung it over the victim's head, claiming it was Tony who snatched the parang from him and ran back to the crime scene to slash the victim after they robbed him of his wallet and left the scene (which is consistent to his statements to the police); while Tony asserted in his defense that it was Micheal alone who used the parang to attack Shanmuganathan, even claiming he did not share the common intention of assaulting the victim, merely tagging along to commit robbery and even claimed he tried to stop Micheal from using the parang, at one point, during the attack on Sandeep Singh.


2010 Kallang slashing, The trials of the Kallang murderers, The murder trial of Micheal Anak Garing, and Tony Anak Imba
Additionally, Hairee Landak, who was serving his 33-year sentence at the time of the two men's trial, testified that Micheal was the only person of the four who used the parang, and even stated Tony had held down the victim Shanmuganathan while Micheal continued his slashng attack on the man. However, the inconsistencies in his police statements and court testimonies, as well as his difficulty in recalling some of the events were impeached and pointed out by Micheal's lawyer Ramesh Tiwary as alleged lies to the court.


2010 Kallang slashing, The trials of the Kallang murderers, Verdict and conviction
The trial lasted for twelve days. On 20 January 2014, Justice Choo Han Teck delivered his verdict. He found both Micheal Garing and Tony Imba guilty of murder and convicted them as charged. Justice Choo determined that Micheal was the only person who used the 58-cm long parang to attack not only the deceased victim Shanmuganathan, but the other victims of their robbery spree, rejecting Micheal's evidence that Tony was the one using the parang to slash Shanmuganathan.


2010 Kallang slashing, The trials of the Kallang murderers, Verdict and conviction
Justice Choo also rejected Tony's claims of his only intention was to rob the victims, pointing out his active involvement in the robberies had contradicted his oblivion of the seriousness of the assaults by Micheal with the parang, which he said in his own words while reading the verdict, "Having seen three victims lying in their own blood, it lies ill in his mouth to say at trial that he did not know that Shanmuganathan would be slashed."


2010 Kallang slashing, The trials of the Kallang murderers, Verdict and conviction
Additionally, Justice Choo pointed out that despite the unclear aspects of Hairee's evidence, he accepted Hairee's evidence of Tony restraining the deceased victim during the lethal attack, and also the prosecution's evidence of the other robberies committed before Shanmuganathan's despite them having stood down the robbery charges, finding the latter relevant to the facts of the case. However, Justice Choo stated he would reserve judgement and take some time to decide on the sentences of the two men, postponing the sentencing to a later date, allowing both the prosecution and defense to make submissions on sentencing.


2010 Kallang slashing, The trials of the Kallang murderers, Verdict and conviction
At the time of Micheal and Tony's trial, the changes to the law took effect in 2013, which made the death penalty no longer mandatory for certain murder offenses which were committed with no intention to kill; for this, the judges are allowed to impose a discretionary sentence of life imprisonment with/without caning other than the death penalty to such offenders.


2010 Kallang slashing, The trials of the Kallang murderers, Verdict and conviction
Micheal and Tony were charged with murder under section 300(c) of the Penal Code, which constitutes an act where a person intentionally inflict a bodily injury on another person, and the bodily injury itself is sufficient in the ordinary cause of nature to cause death. They would face either life in prison with caning or death by hanging if they were found guilty of murder under this particular section.


2010 Kallang slashing, The trials of the Kallang murderers, Verdict and conviction
The prosecution argued for the death penalty for both men, arguing that both accused are ought to be held equally culpable for their part in the robbery and murder of Shanmuganathan Dillidurai, while the defense lawyers of the two men argued that the death penalty was inappropriate in their clients' cases, and gave their respective reasons. However, it would be another year before the two men get to learn their fates.


2010 Kallang slashing, The trials of the Kallang murderers, Sentence
On 20 April 2015, more than a year after they were convicted, the two men were finally sentenced. Micheal Garing was sentenced to death while Tony Imba was sentenced to life imprisonment and 24 strokes of the cane. Additionally, Tony's life sentence was ordered to commence from the date of his conviction by the High Court the year before.


2010 Kallang slashing, The trials of the Kallang murderers, Sentence
Explaining why Micheal Garing received the harsher sentence of death, Justice Choo Han Teck stated in his verdict that Micheal, armed with a parang, had each time violently attacked his victims; he found the prosecution's evidence of the previous robberies relevant to the murder case as the nature of each attack was just as violent as the one that took Shanmuganathan's life. For this, he stated it was justified to sentence Micheal to suffer death based on his conduct at the time of the attacks and murder.


2010 Kallang slashing, The trials of the Kallang murderers, Sentence
As for Tony Imba, Justice Choo contended that he may have shared the common intention with Micheal, Hairee Landak and the missing Donny Meluda to rob the victims, he accepted the submissions of Tony's lawyer Amarick Gill that Tony did not inflict the fatal injuries on Shanmuganathan despite being the initiator of the attack, which gave him a lower culpability than Micheal on the charge of murder. Hence, he resisted the urgings of the prosecution to give Tony the death sentence and instead exercise his discretion to commit Tony to incarceration for life with caning.


2010 Kallang slashing, The trials of the Kallang murderers, Sentence
The families and friends of Micheal Garing and Tony Imba were present in the courtroom when the sentence was passed. Tony's 45-year-old elder brother Dom Imba said to reporters that the family was grateful that Tony would not be hanged. Amarick Gill also told reporters that even though a life sentence was nonetheless a harsh punishment, he stated that it was a fair sentence for Tony in relation to his crime.


2010 Kallang slashing, The trials of the Kallang murderers, Sentence
On the other hand, Micheal's 64-year-old father Garing Kanyan, who had been praying for his son to escape the death penalty since his son's arrest, told reporters that the family reacted badly to Micheal's sentence. He added that he had a bad feeling when everyone in the courtroom was told to stand before Micheal was sentenced (especially after they remained on their seats when Tony was sentenced to life imprisonment), and his worst fears were confirmed when he heard the death sentence being pronounced on Micheal, who later sought forgiveness from him after his sentencing. He also said the family will not lose hope and will seek to have Micheal escape the death penalty. It is not known if the surviving victims and their loved ones, and the family of the deceased victim Shanmuganathan Dillidurai is present to witness their attackers being sentenced.


2010 Kallang slashing, The trials of the Kallang murderers, Sentence
Micheal's lawyer confirmed that Micheal will be appealing against his conviction and sentence. The prosecution also stated they will appeal against Tony's life sentence.


2010 Kallang slashing, The appeal process, Hearing of the appeals
On 5 September 2016, Micheal Garing's appeal was first heard before the Court of Appeal, heard by three Judges of Appeal - Chao Hick Tin, Andrew Phang and Judith Prakash. At the same time, the prosecution's appeal against Tony Imba's life term was also heard in the same court as Micheal's. Like Micheal, Tony initially filed an appeal against his conviction and sentence but he subsequently decided to not proceed with the appeal and withdrew it.


2010 Kallang slashing, The appeal process, Hearing of the appeals
The defence counsels of the two men and the prosecution made their respective arguments as the Court of Appeal heard the appeals from Micheal and the prosecution.


2010 Kallang slashing, The appeal process, Hearing of the appeals
Micheal's lawyer Ramesh Tiwary argued against the murder conviction and sentence; Tiwary additionally argued that even if the Court of Appeal decided to uphold Micheal's conviction, he sought for reconsideration on Micheal's sentence, arguing that the death sentence was inappropriate and his client should be imprisoned for life like Tony due to the error of the original trial judge to take the evidence of the other robberies into consideration for the sentencing of Micheal. Tiwary also insisted that his client did not wield the parang alone and it was Tony who inflict the fatal injuries, and Micheal only caused hurt to the victim twice with the parang.


2010 Kallang slashing, The appeal process, Hearing of the appeals
In their appeal, the prosecution submitted that Tony should also be sentenced to death like Micheal; they argued that Justice Choo Han Teck had erred in sentencing Tony to imprisonment for life with caning by creating a distinction between the culpabilities of both Tony and Micheal solely based on the fact that Tony did not wield the murder weapon.


2010 Kallang slashing, The appeal process, Hearing of the appeals
They said that based on Tony's conviction for committing murder in furtherance of the group's common intention to commit robbery, it is immaterial that Tony was not armed with the weapon since his criminal liability of murder is linked to the basis of common intention. For his active involvement in the crime, holding Shanmuganathan down in an armlock while Micheal slashing the man, and having known fully well that Micheal will mercilessly slash the victim, which led to the death of the victim, Tony demonstrated a blatant disregard for human life and his conduct thus deserved the death penalty.


2010 Kallang slashing, The appeal process, Hearing of the appeals
To counter the prosecution, Tony's lawyer Amarick Gill argued that Tony was merely a starter of the attack and thus his sentence should not be the same as Micheal's. He said that Justice Choo is correct to say that Tony did not wield the parang or inflict the lethal injuries on Shanmuganathan when he sentenced Tony to life in prison with 24 strokes of the cane in the original trial. He highlighted that Hairee Landak's testimony of Tony restraining the victim during Micheal's parang attack is inconsistent as Micheal did not mention Tony restraining the victim.


2010 Kallang slashing, The appeal process, Hearing of the appeals
He argued that if Tony had done so, his clothes would have been heavily stained with blood, yet there were only some DNA and blood found on his belt and shoes at the time of his arrest. Amarick Gill also said that Tony would have gotten injured by the parang if he really restrained the victim Shanmuganathan while Micheal make his attack on the man, for which there was none.


2010 Kallang slashing, The appeal process, Hearing of the appeals
After which, the judgement was reserved by the Court of Appeal and the verdict was scheduled to be delivered on 25 January 2017. However, due to the capture of the final culprit and fugitive Donny Meluda on 14 January 2017, the date of the judgement was postponed to 27 February 2017.


2010 Kallang slashing, The appeal process, Outcome of appeals
On 27 February 2017, the Court of Appeal released their verdict, with Justice Chao delivering the judgement: they dismissed both appeals from the defense and the prosecution and upheld both men's respective sentences, effectively bringing 28-year-old Micheal Garing one step closer to the gallows and ultimately led to 38-year-old Tony Imba to be spared from the gallows.


2010 Kallang slashing, The appeal process, Outcome of appeals
Justice Chao stated in their judgement that there is no doubt that Micheal had attacked Shanmuganathan Dillidurai with a parang in a savage and merciless manner, and in light of a recent landmark appeal ruling in the case of convicted murderer Kho Jabing, by comparison, the sheer brutality from Micheal towards his fallen victim had demonstrated a blatant disregard for human life, which made the death penalty the only appropriate sentence in Micheal's case. As such, the three judges of Appeal dismissed Micheal's appeal and upheld his sentence and conviction. The three judges of Appeal, like the original trial judge, determined that it was Micheal alone who used the parang during the attack and Tony did not use the parang as what Micheal and his lawyers argued about.


2010 Kallang slashing, The appeal process, Outcome of appeals
Turning to Tony's case, Justice Chao stated that it was not disputed that Tony started off the violent attack on Shanmuganathan by kicking the construction worker off his bicycle. However, they were not satisfied that Tony did hold on to the deceased for a significant amount of time long enough for Micheal to inflict the fatal injuries; they accept Tony's lawyer Amarick Gill's argument that from Micheal's savage and indiscriminate attack on Shanmuganathan with the parang while Tony restraining the deceased, it would be unlikely for Tony to do so without himself suffering the blows.


2010 Kallang slashing, The appeal process, Outcome of appeals
They rejected the prosecution's argument that Tony had deliberately positioned himself in a manner where he could not be injured by the parang, as their argument was speculative and not proven by evidence. The lack of Shanmuganathan's DNA and blood on the clothes Tony wore during the attack further weaken this possibility (though it had traces of the DNA of the victim Ang Jun Heng). Since it is not possible to completely remove the DNA from the clothes contaminated by blood even with washing the clothes, the absence of Shanmuganathan's DNA and/or blood on Tony's clothes (which Tony had washed after the crime spree) had supported Amarick Gill's argument.


2010 Kallang slashing, The appeal process, Outcome of appeals
They also took note on how the third accomplice Hairee Landak had difficulty to recall the events that took place on 30 May 2010, and the numerous discrepancies in his police statements and court testimonies (as pointed out by Micheal's lawyer Ramesh Tiwary). However, they said these were not significant enough to make his evidence against Micheal unreliable, and they accept that from Hairee's evidence that it was Micheal who alone used the parang to attack the victim.


2010 Kallang slashing, The appeal process, Outcome of appeals
They also contended that with the same difficulty of recalling his evidence and the lack of lighting at the murder scene during the time they robbed Shanmuganathan, it is unsatisfactory that Tony had indeed restrained Shanmuganathan for a significant period of time during the fatal assault as what Hairee demonstrated in the court.


2010 Kallang slashing, The appeal process, Outcome of appeals
The Court of Appeal also determined that from this unproven hypothesis of Tony holding on to the deceased long enough for Micheal to inflict the fatal injuries, they were not satisfied that Tony had a blatant disregard for human life where the death penalty is warranted. Even though Tony likely knew that Micheal would use the parang on Shanmuganathan as he did on all their previous victims, and had been the one initiating the attack, it is insufficient to indicate any blatant disregard for human life on Tony's part.


2010 Kallang slashing, The appeal process, Outcome of appeals
The Court of Appeal also said that had there been a pre-conceived plan to inflict the grievous injuries on the deceased victim or to kill the victim in such a violent fashion, or more certainty on the evidence of Tony's actual participation in the crime, it would have been justified to sentence Tony to death. But since none of the above were proven or present, the appellate court find no reason to raise Tony's life sentence to a death sentence. For this, they dismissed the prosecution's appeal, affirming Justice Choo Han Teck's decision to impose the discretionary life sentence on Tony. The prosecution and defence counsels of the duo were commended for their efforts during the appeal process as the Court of Appeal concluded the hearing.


2010 Kallang slashing, Donny Meluda's arrest and final sentence
On 14 January 2017, nearly seven years after the Kallang slashings, the final culprit, and fugitive Donny Meluda was finally caught by the Malaysian police as he arrived at Sibu Airport on a flight from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Donny, who converted to Islam and changed his name to Abdul Rahman Abdullah while on the run, was remanded in Sarawak for four days before being handed over to the Singaporean police on 18 January 2017. On 20 January 2017, two days after arriving in Singapore, 25-year-old Donny was charged with murder.


2010 Kallang slashing, Donny Meluda's arrest and final sentence
In the midst of the ongoing appeal process, the respective defense counsels of Micheal and Tony, upon receiving news of Donny's arrest, asked for the deferment of the delivery of the verdict by the Court of Appeal as they wanted to interview Donny, citing that his testimony might be of help to the cases of their clients. On 25 January 2017, the day when the verdict regarding the appeals was to be released, the Court of Appeal agreed to defer the delivery of their judgement till 27 February 2017. However, Donny refused to be interviewed.


2010 Kallang slashing, Donny Meluda's arrest and final sentence
Eventually, the murder charge against Donny Meluda, who is now also addressed as Abdul Rahman based on his Muslim name and alias, was reduced to armed robbery with hurt. Abdul Rahman pleaded guilty to the reduced charge. He also faced three additional charges of armed robbery with hurt for his role in the robberies of Sandeep Singh, Ang Jun Heng, and Egan Karrupaiah. Similarly, Abdul Rahman pleaded guilty to two of these three charges and the third would also be taken into consideration during sentencing.


2010 Kallang slashing, Donny Meluda's arrest and final sentence
In his mitigation plea, as presented by his lawyer Siva S. Krishnasamy, Abdul Rahman pleaded for leniency, stating that he had turned over a new leaf and led a reformed life free of crime as a gardener after embracing Islam while on the run, and even preached to a missionary group in West Malaysia. Mr Krishnasamy also asked for the court to punish his client with less than 32 years behind bars.


2010 Kallang slashing, Donny Meluda's arrest and final sentence
The prosecutor who was prosecuting Abdul Rahman, DPP Anandan Bala (who also prosecuted Micheal and Tony for murder) however, sought a jail term of at least 33 years and 24 strokes of the cane, arguing that Abdul Rahman's life on the right side of the law while on the run should not be regarded as mitigating, as the seven years he spent in Malaysia eluding justice was aggravating and it prolonged the closure the victims and their families needed and delayed the conclusion of the necessary legal proceedings against the culprits of the Kallang slashings, which the prosecution described as "one of the most violent robberies in recent memory" as they argued and cited the key role played by Abdul Rahman together with his three partners-in-crime on that fateful night of 30 May 2010.


2010 Kallang slashing, Donny Meluda's arrest and final sentence
On 19 November 2018, Abdul Rahman Abdullah, then 27 years old, was sentenced to a total of 33 years' imprisonment and 24 strokes of the cane (essentially the same sentence as that of his former accomplice Hairee Landak, who is aged 28 at this point of time) for his participation in the Kallang robberies. The sentencing of Abdul Rahman has finally brought an end to the court proceedings made against all members of the Kallang slashings. There was no appeal filed against the sentence.


2010 Kallang slashing, Execution of Micheal Anak Garing, Efforts to save Micheal Garing
Subsequently, after the failure of his appeal, Micheal Garing remains on death row for another period of two years and one month. During that time, Micheal has converted to Islam and changed his name to Muhammad Arif Sufi.


2010 Kallang slashing, Execution of Micheal Anak Garing, Efforts to save Micheal Garing
In early March 2019, a death warrant was issued for Micheal, scheduling him to be hanged on the morning of Friday, 22 March 2019. On 14 March 2019, the family and relatives of Micheal were given an eight-day notice of the upcoming execution and asked to make preparations for the necessary funeral arrangements.


2010 Kallang slashing, Execution of Micheal Anak Garing, Efforts to save Micheal Garing
Having received news of the upcoming execution and execution order, Malaysian human rights lawyer N. Surendran released a statement on 18 March 2019, saying, “This extremely short notice is disturbing and a cause for concern. It gives the family scant time to spend with Michael in his final days and to make preparations.”, condemning the Singaporean authorities for giving such a short notice of execution to Micheal's family.


2010 Kallang slashing, Execution of Micheal Anak Garing, Efforts to save Micheal Garing
He also called on President Halimah Yacob to grant Micheal clemency and lower his death sentence to life imprisonment, adding that while Micheal deserves to be punished for the heinous killing of Shanmuganathan Dillidurai, he should be given a second chance for rehabilitation and that it would be a greater wrong for the state to execute the Sarawakian. He also urged Singapore to impose a moratorium on all executions and work towards the abolition of the death penalty. Similarly, on 19 March 2019, Liew Vui Keong, Minister in the Prime Minister's Department, stated that Malaysia will issue a letter to Singapore to protest against Micheal's pending execution. Amnesty International joined in the next day to protest against the imminent hanging of Micheal.


2010 Kallang slashing, Execution of Micheal Anak Garing, Efforts to save Micheal Garing
At the same time, Micheal's parents, Mr Garing Anak Kanyan and Mdm Ensiring Anak Garman sent a clemency petition to the President of Singapore, pleading with the President to have mercy on Micheal, who was the third child out of the couple's four children, and to spare his life. In the clemency petition, Michael's parents wrote that, "We humbly ask the president of Singapore for mercy and compassion to spare the life of our son Michael. We do not want to excuse our son's offense, but we ask for mercy."


2010 Kallang slashing, Execution of Micheal Anak Garing, Efforts to save Micheal Garing
Micheal had also petitioned to the president for clemency, in a bid to have his death sentence commuted to life imprisonment. Prime Minister of Malaysia Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamed gathered reporters on 20 March 2019, stating the government will save Micheal as "many believe that the death penalty is excessive and hope that Singapore feels the same way too." He added that the death penalty was harsh and should be replaced, except for some special cases.


2010 Kallang slashing, Execution of Micheal Anak Garing, Efforts to save Micheal Garing
On 21 March 2019, both the European Union (EU) and  Embassy of Switzerland in Singapore also voiced out and called for Singapore to spare Micheal Garing from the hangman's noose and pushed for the president to grant him clemency. They both called for the Singapore government to re-adopt a moratorium on the death penalty and to abolish it.


2010 Kallang slashing, Execution of Micheal Anak Garing, Clemency plea failed: the death of Micheal Garing
Despite the appeals and international protests, Micheal still failed in his final bid to escape the gallows, as President Halimah Yacob rejected the clemency plea submitted by Micheal on the advice of the Cabinet.


2010 Kallang slashing, Execution of Micheal Anak Garing, Clemency plea failed: the death of Micheal Garing
On the morning of 22 March 2019, nearly 9 years after the unfortunate death of Shanmuganathan Dillidurai, his murderer - 30-year-old Micheal Anak Garing - was finally hanged to death by the neck in the state gallows of Changi Prison for his murder. A day after his execution, Micheal's body was brought back by flight to his family in Sarawak, and it arrived in Kapit by speedboat. A funeral was held, and Micheal's body was later buried in a Muslim cemetery in Kapit. Malaysian news reports stated that Micheal's parents were devastated upon receiving news of their son's death. An unnamed relative of Micheal said to reporters, "I still do not want to believe (the news) despite being told the sentence has been carried out."