2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Key issues, Senate
Other members of the judiciary rejected the proposal. Supreme Court Judge Wattanachai Chotechootrakul, chairman of the courts' committee reviewing the constitution draft, convened a meeting of concerned judges. The meeting concluded it was not the duty of judges to make political appointments. "It is inappropriate to make judges become involved [in politics] because it will lead to loss of independence and fairness of the courts," said Srawuth Benjakul, Deputy Secretary of the Office of the Courts of Justice and the courts' spokesperson. He said that assigning the courts to select leading members of so-called independent organisations would make the courts lose their impartiality.


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Key issues, Local administration
Village headmen and kamnan requested that the CC amend the law to permit them to remain in their post, once elected, until they reached 60 years of age. At the time, those who held the position had a term of five years. The Nakhon Ratchasima association of village headmen and kamnan headed the delegation of local administrative leaders. The association claimed that the current five year term allowed "troublemakers" like drug dealers to interfere with matters of local administration.


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Key issues, Amnesty for coup leaders
Constituent committee chairperson Prasong Soonsiri asked the CC to ensure that the military was given amnesty from prosecution. No previous permanent constitution contained clauses giving amnesty for rebellion. Prasong noted that "If staging a coup is wrong under the new charter, will the CDR be tried in a military court, or what? It won't be fair to them if, after the charter is adopted, they all ended up going to jail."


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Key issues, Amnesty for coup leaders
CC member and permanent secretary at the Ministry of Justice Charan Phakdithanakul, agreed, noting that unless a clause was written in the new constitution to recognise the junta's action as legal, people could use a loophole to launch a lawsuit against the junta after the 2006 interim constitution expired. Charan said the clause should not specifically mention the CDR.


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Key issues, Others
The CC gave the Supreme Court-appointed Election Commission power to control a caretaker government concerning major decisions, including the appointment or dismissal of state or state enterprise officials, approval of government payments, and the use of government resources or personnel that could directly or indirectly affect election results. The clause was suggested by CC member Pichien Amnajworaprasert, who claimed that cabinet members, whose term is ended with house dissolution, do not need to stay on as caretaker ministers because they could abuse power to benefit their election campaigns.


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Reactions, Thai Rak Thai party
The Thai Rak Thai party had several major objections to the draft constitution.


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Reactions, Thai Rak Thai party
A court later terminated the party and banned its entire executive team of over a hundred from politics for five years due to election fraud.


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Reactions, Democrat Party
The Democrat Party supported the draft constitution. Party leader Abhisit Vejjajiva said the Democrat Party considered the new constitution similar to the 1997 Constitution, but with improvements. "If we wanted to please the CDR we would reject the draft so it could pick a charter of its own choosing. If we reject the draft, it will be like handing out power to the Council. We have come up with this stand because we care about the national interest and want democracy to be restored soon," he said. Acknowledging the flaws of the new Constitution, Abhisit has also proposed, along with asking for cooperation from other political parties, to amend the constitution once he is in power.


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Referendum, Junta campaigning
The Committee on Information and Public Dissemination of the CC led an advertising campaign to persuade voters to favour the draft constitution. Media used included all television, cable and radio stations, websites, print media outlets, government agencies, education institutions, billboards and places where crowds gather. All state-run schools and universities were involved in the campaign. Spots were aired from 06:00 until 22:00 with the message "Approve: New Constitution, close to the people". Billboards saying, "Love the King. Care about the King. Vote in a referendum. Accept the 2007 draft charter." were placed throughout the northeast.


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Referendum, Junta campaigning
The junta's propaganda campaign was criticized. "Broadcasting media under the control of the army and certain television stations have been misused by the state to convey false messages to persuade people to endorse the draft 2007 constitution," a statement issued by Midnight University said. The junta then agreed to a debate regarding the draft, but refused to air the debate on television, because it would create confusion among the public. A debate was later aired on Nation Channel, a subscription-only cable channel, rather than on one of the government-owned free-to-air channels.


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Referendum, Junta campaigning
In late-July, General Sonthi said that if the draft constitution failed the referendum, the junta would modify the 1997 Constitution for permanent use. He also said that an election would definitely be held within 2007.


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Referendum, Junta campaigning
The government printed 19 million copies of the draft for public distribution prior to the referendum. However, none of the copies contained a translation into Malay, preventing people in the Malay-speaking southern provinces of Thailand from understanding the contents of the draft constitution. Despite this, eighteen Islamic organisations declared that they would accept a draft constitution and called for Muslims to also accept the draft.


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Referendum, Junta campaigning
Gen Sonthi has ordered the Internal Security Operations Command (ISOC) to use its nationwide staff to "promote proper understanding of the constitution" among rural people. ISOC spokesman Colonel Thanathip Sawangsaeng said provincial ISOC chiefs would use door-to-door tactics in their campaign to "educate" people so they will not be "tricked" into rejecting the draft. It was also revealed that the ISOC started their draft constitution "education" campaign in February, even before the draft constitution had been completed.


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Referendum, Junta campaigning
The junta announced that it would transport people to voting stations on the date of the referendum. Interior Minister Aree Wongaraya insisted that it was not illegal for the ministry to do so, adding that Prime Minister Surayud Chulanont has given his consent. In elections for the House of Representatives and the Senate, the Election Act states that it is a criminal offence to provide free transport for voters.


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Referendum, Junta campaigning
The junta's referendum campaign reached a peak in the final week before the referendum. On Sunday 12 August, Prime Minister Surayud Chulanont led cabinet ministers, senior government officials, and 100,000 people dressed in yellow from 17 central provinces in a rally from the Royal Plaza to Democracy Monument. Similar rallies were organised simultaneously in several other major provinces. Former Thai Rak Thai member Kuthep Saikrajang claimed that people at the rally were paid between 100 and 300 baht each to join the rally. He also claimed that the government had arranged transport to bring the people to Bangkok.


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Referendum, Junta campaigning
The Election Commission supported the junta's campaign. EC member Sumet Upanisakorn denied that the government acted illegally by summoning villagers to take part in a parades to accept the draft charter.


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Referendum, Restrictions against campaigning to reject the draft
The junta passed a law that made criticism of the draft and opposition to the constitutional referendum a criminal act. Political parties were not allowed to persuade voters to cast ballots in favour or not in favour of the constitution. Any violators could be banned from politics for five years and jailed for 10 years.


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Referendum, Restrictions against campaigning to reject the draft
The restrictions against opposition to the draft were criticized by human rights bodies. "Even if amended to allow for 'factual' campaigning on the referendum, it is clear that the main purpose of the law is to intimidate and silence persons who don’t share the official view," the Asian Human Rights Commission (AHRC) said. "Meanwhile the administration is pumping vast amounts of money into Yes propaganda that is set to increase quickly."


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Referendum, Restrictions against campaigning to reject the draft
The ban against campaigning against the constitution was enforced. In July, 20 soldiers and 10 policemen raided the house of a politician and seized anti-charter t-shirts, banners, documents, and recorded speeches. Police also raided the Duang Prateep Foundation of former Senator Prateep Ungsongtham Hata and confiscated 4,000 posters which carried the message "It's not illegal to vote against the draft constitution." No charges were filed. The police claimed they were acting on orders from the military. "They could not cite any law to back up their actions," said Sombat Boon-ngam-anong. Prateep filed a complaint with the police, claiming that they had committed an "unlawful" act, citing her human rights under the abrogated 1997 constitution.


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Referendum, Restrictions against campaigning to reject the draft
The junta also claimed that general democratic elections would only occur if the draft were approved. Defense Minister Boonrawd Somtas told reporters that an election "can take place only if the new constitution passes the referendum," implying that a "No" would result in indefinite military rule.


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Referendum, Restrictions against campaigning to reject the draft
Taxi-drivers were banned from putting anti-draft bumper stickers on their vehicles.


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Referendum, Restrictions against campaigning to reject the draft
Interior minister Aree Wong-Arya warned those campaigning against the draft by distributing leaflets to voters that they will be severely punished if there is proof against them.


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Referendum, Restrictions against campaigning to reject the draft
On 11 August in Kamphaeng Phet Province, military officers raided a shop printing leaflets that attacked the draft. Eight boxes of leaflets and the printing press were seized for investigation. The raid was conducted under a government emergency decree.


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Referendum, Restrictions against campaigning to reject the draft
At the time of the referendum, martial law was in place in 35 provinces, intimidating those who wished to campaign against the draft.


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Referendum, Accusations of vote-buying
Prime Minister Surayud accused people in the northeast of taking bribes to vote against the charter. He did not display any evidence to support his accusation or file charges against the people he claimed took or paid the money.


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Referendum, Accusations of vote-buying
Constitution drafter Prasong Soonsiri and Prime Minister's Office Minister Thirapat Serirangsan both accused former members of the Thai Rak Thai party of buying "no" votes. Neither offered any evidence. The Election Commission urged Prasong to reveal the identity of the alleged vote-buyers and to file charges. Prasong refused to do so.


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Referendum, Accusations of vote-buying
Democrat Party Deputy Leader Vitoon Namabutr claimed that former members of the Thai Rak Thai party were bribing people to vote against the draft with compact discs and shirts. He also did not display any evidence or file charges.


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Referendum, Accusations of vote-buying
Former leaders of the Thai Rak Thai party denied the accusations.


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Referendum, Accusations of vote-buying
The accusations were criticized by Matichon, which noted in an editorial that, "Members of the public are at a loss. They don't know whether real attempts are being made to sink the charter, or is it all part of a smear campaign."


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Referendum, Criticisms of the referendum
The campaigning process leading to the referendum was harshly criticized. Giles Ji Ungpakorn of Chulalongkorn University noted that,


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Referendum, Criticisms of the referendum
It is now obvious that the military junta have no intention of conducting a clean and democratic referendum on their new constitution. While the government is shamelessly spending millions of the public's baht on propaganda urging the population to vote "yes" and accept the constitution, those who are opposed to it are prevented from campaigning properly by arrests, threats and a total lack of access in the media. The referendum cannot therefore be regarded as democratic, according to any international or Thai standards...


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Referendum, Criticisms of the referendum
It is necessary to remind ourselves that those in the People's Alliance for Democracy (P.A.D.) and those intellectuals and academics who welcomed the coup as the "only way to get rid of Thaksin's authoritarianism", used the excuse of a "dirty election" on the 2nd April 2006 to justify the coup and to justify collaborating with the junta. The present referendum is infinitely more dirty and undemocratic compared to the 2nd of April election, which was a kind of referendum on the Thaksin government.


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Referendum, Criticisms of the referendum
At that time we and many others were able to campaign openly for a "no" vote against Thaksin without any threats or hindrance. The press carried the views of those who opposed the government. Yet we hear no protests from the ex-members of the P.A.D. or from the pro-coup intellectuals about the way the junta's referendum is being conducted.


2007 constitution of Thailand, Drafting process, Referendum, Criticisms of the referendum
Martial law is in place across half the country. That is the harsh reality of today, and it is not an environment that would be conducive to a free and fair referendum. Any referendum carried out under the current repressive climate and alleged forced voting cannot be used to chart the path of the future of a democracy.


2007 cyberattacks on Estonia
The 2007 cyberattacks on Estonia (Estonian: 2007. aasta küberrünnakud Eesti vastu) were a series of cyberattacks which began on 27 April 2007 and targeted websites of Estonian organizations, including Estonian parliament, banks, ministries, newspapers and broadcasters, amid the country's disagreement with Russia about the relocation of the Bronze Soldier of Tallinn, an elaborate Soviet-era grave marker, as well as war graves in Tallinn.


2007 cyberattacks on Estonia
Most of the attacks that had any influence on the general public were distributed denial of service type attacks ranging from single individuals using various methods like ping floods to expensive rentals of botnets usually used for spam distribution. Spamming of bigger news portals commentaries and defacements including that of the Estonian Reform Party website also occurred. Research has also shown that large conflicts took place to edit the English-language version of the Bronze Soldier's Wikipedia page.


2007 cyberattacks on Estonia
Some observers reckoned that the onslaught on Estonia was of a sophistication not seen before. The case is studied intensively by many countries and military planners as, at the time it occurred, it may have been the second-largest instance of state-sponsored cyberwarfare, following Titan Rain.


2007 cyberattacks on Estonia
As of January 2008, one ethnic-Russian Estonian national has been charged and convicted.


2007 cyberattacks on Estonia
During a panel discussion on cyber warfare, Sergei Markov of the Russian State Duma has stated his unnamed aide was responsible in orchestrating the cyber attacks. Markov alleged the aide acted on his own while residing in an unrecognised republic of the former Soviet Union, possibly Transnistria. On 10 March 2009 Konstantin Goloskokov, a "commissar" of the Kremlin-backed youth group Nashi, has claimed responsibility for the attack. Experts are critical of these varying claims of responsibility. The direct result of the cyberattacks was the creation of the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence in Tallinn, Estonia.


2007 cyberattacks on Estonia, Estonia's response
The Estonian government was quick to blame the Kremlin, accusing it of being directly involved in the attacks. It was later revealed that the allegations were not completely correct when Estonia's defense minister, Jaak Aaviksoo, admitted that he had no evidence linking the cyber-attacks to the Kremlin. "Of course, at the moment, I cannot state for certain that the cyber-attacks were managed by the Kremlin, or other Russian government agencies," Jaak Aaviksoo said in interview on Estonia's Kanal 2 TV channel.


2007 cyberattacks on Estonia, Estonia's response
"Again, it is not possible to say without doubt that orders came from the Kremlin, or that, indeed, a wish was expressed for such a thing there," said Aaviksoo. Russia called accusations of its involvement "unfounded", and neither NATO nor European Commission experts were able to find any proof of official Russian government participation. Since the attack, Estonia has advocated for increased cybersecurity protection and response protocol.


2007 cyberattacks on Estonia, NATO's response
In response to such attacks, NATO conducted an internal assessment of their cyber security and infrastructure defenses. The assessment resulted in a report issued to the allied defense ministers in October 2007. It further developed into the creation of a cyber defense policy and the creation of the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Center of Excellence (CCDCOE) in May 2008.


2007 cyberattacks on Estonia, NATO's response
Due to the attacks, the Tallinn Manual on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare was also developed. This report outlined international laws which are considered applicable to the cyber realm. The manual includes a total of ninety-five "black-letter rules" addressing cyber conflicts. The Tallinn Manual has worked to provide a global norm in cyber space by applying existing international law to cyber warfare. The manual suggests that states do not have sovereignty over the Internet, but that they do have sovereignty over components of the Internet in their territory.


2007 cyberattacks on Estonia, Legalities
On 2 May 2007, a criminal investigation was opened into the attacks under a section of the Estonian Penal Code criminalising computer sabotage and interference with the working of a computer network, felonies punishable by imprisonment of up to three years. As a number of attackers turned out to be within the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation, on 10 May 2007, Estonian Public Prosecutor's Office made a formal investigation assistance request to the Russian Federation's Supreme Procurature under a Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty (MLAT) existing between Estonia and Russia.


2007 cyberattacks on Estonia, Legalities
A Russian State Duma delegation visiting Estonia in early May in regards the situation surrounding the Bronze Soldier of Tallinn had promised that Russia would aid such investigation in every way available. On 28 June, Russian Supreme Procurature refused assistance, claiming that the proposed investigative processes are not covered by the applicable MLAT. Piret Seeman, the Estonian Public Prosecutor's Office's PR officer, criticized this decision, pointing out that all the requested processes are actually enumerated in the MLAT.


2007 cyberattacks on Estonia, Legalities
On 24 January 2008, Dmitri Galushkevich, a student living in Tallinn, was found guilty of participating in the attacks. He was fined 17,500 kroons (approximately US$1,640) for attacking the website of the Estonian Reform Party.


2007 cyberattacks on Estonia, Legalities
As of 13 December 2008, Russian authorities have been consistently denying Estonian law enforcement any investigative cooperation, thus effectively eliminating chances that those of the perpetrators that fall within Russian jurisdiction will be brought to trial.


2007 cyberattacks on Estonia, Opinions of experts
Critical systems whose network addresses would not be generally known were targeted, including those serving telephony and financial transaction processing. Although not all of the computer crackers behind the cyberwarfare have been unveiled, some experts believed that such efforts exceed the skills of individual activists or even organised crime as they require a co-operation of a state and a large telecom company.


2007 cyberattacks on Estonia, Opinions of experts
A well known Russian hacker Sp0Raw believes that the most efficient online attacks on Estonia could not have been carried out without the blessing of the Russian authorities and that the hackers apparently acted under "recommendations" from parties in higher positions. At the same time he called claims of Estonians regarding direct involvement of Russian government in the attacks "empty words, not supported by technical data".


2007 cyberattacks on Estonia, Opinions of experts
Mike Witt, deputy director of the United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team (CERT) believes that the attacks were DDoS attacks. The attackers used botnets—global networks of compromised computers, often owned by careless individuals. "The size of the cyber attack, while it was certainly significant to the Estonian government, from a technical standpoint is not something we would consider significant in scale," Witt said.


2007 cyberattacks on Estonia, Opinions of experts
Professor James Hendler, former chief scientist at The Pentagon's Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) characterised the attacks as "more like a cyber riot than a military attack."


2007 cyberattacks on Estonia, Opinions of experts
"We don't have directly visible info about sources so we can't confirm or deny that the attacks are coming from the Russian government," Jose Nazario, software and security engineer at Arbor Networks, told internetnews.com. Arbor Networks operated ATLAS threat analysis network, which, the company claimed, could "see" 80% of Internet traffic. Nazario suspected that different groups operating separate distributed botnets were involved in the attack.


2007 cyberattacks on Estonia, Opinions of experts
Experts interviewed by IT security resource SearchSecurity.com "say it's very unlikely this was a case of one government launching a coordinated cyberattack against another": Johannes Ullrich, chief research officer of the Bethesda said "Attributing a distributed denial-of-service attack like this to a government is hard." "It may as well be a group of bot herders showing 'patriotism,' kind of like what we had with Web defacements during the US-China spy-plane crisis [in 2001]." Hillar Aarelaid, manager of Estonia's Computer Emergency Response Team "expressed skepticism that the attacks were from the Russian government, noting that Estonians were also divided on whether it was right to remove the statue".


2007 cyberattacks on Estonia, Opinions of experts
"Today security analysts widely believe that the attacks were condoned by the Kremlin, if not actively coordinated by its leaders." Andy Greenberg, author of the WIRED Guide to Cyberwar 23 August 2019. He noted that the next year, 2008, similar attacks on Georgia were accompanied by a Russian physical invasion. wired.com.


2007 cyberattacks on Estonia, Opinions of experts
Clarke and Knake report that upon the Estonian authorities informing Russian officials they had traced systems controlling the attack to Russia, there was some indication in response that incensed patriotic Russians might have acted on their own. Regardless of conjectures over official involvement, the decision of Russian authorities not to pursue individuals responsible—a treaty obligation—together with expert opinion that Russian security services could readily track down the culprits should they so desire, leads Russia observers to conclude the attacks served Russian interests.


2007 cyberattacks on Estonia, Opinions of experts
On May 23, 2012, the Atlantic Council convened a retrospective conference, "Building a Secure Cyber Future: Attack on Estonia, Five Years On" in which cyber-experts who had been involved in the conflict discussed lessons learned and how the field of cyber-conflict was changed by the Estonian attack and the following year's attack on Georgia.


2007 cyberattacks on Estonia, Opinions of experts
The conference was organized by Jason Healey, director of the Atlantic Council's Cyber Statecraft Initiative, and featured talks by Jaan Priisalu, Director General of Estonia's Information System Authority; Jonatan Vseviov, then Minister of Defense and subsequently Ambassador to the United States; Heli Tiirmaa-Klaar, Estonian Ambassador-at-Large for Cybersecurity; Chris Painter, US Coordinator for Cyber Issues; and others.


2007 cyberattacks on Estonia, Claiming responsibility for the attacks
A Commissar of the Nashi pro-Kremlin youth movement in Moldova and Transnistria, Konstantin Goloskokov (Goloskov in some sources), admitted organizing cyberattacks against Estonian government sites. Goloskokov stressed, however, that he was not carrying out an order from Nashi's leadership and said that a lot of his fellow Nashi members criticized his response as being too harsh.


2007 cyberattacks on Estonia, Claiming responsibility for the attacks
Like most countries, Estonia does not recognise Transnistria, a secessionist region of Moldova. As an unrecognised nation, Transnistria does not belong to Interpol. Accordingly, no Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty applies. If residents of Transnistria were responsible, the investigation may be severely hampered, and even if the investigation succeeds finding likely suspects, the legal recourse of Estonian authorities may be limited to issuing all-EU arrest warrants for these suspects. Such an act would be largely symbolic.


2007 cyberattacks on Estonia, Claiming responsibility for the attacks
Head of Russian Military Forecasting Center, Colonel Anatoly Tsyganok confirmed Russia's ability to conduct such an attack when he stated: "These attacks have been quite successful, and today the alliance had nothing to oppose Russia's virtual attacks", additionally noting that these attacks did not violate any international agreement.


2007 cyberattacks on Estonia, Influence on international military doctrines
The attacks triggered a number of military organizations around the world to reconsider the importance of network security to modern military doctrine. On 14 June 2007, defence ministers of NATO members held a meeting in Brussels, issuing a joint communiqué promising immediate action. First public results were estimated to arrive by autumn 2007.


2007 cyberattacks on Estonia, Influence on international military doctrines
On 25 June 2007, Estonian president Toomas Hendrik Ilves met with US president, George W. Bush. Among the topics discussed were the attacks on Estonian infrastructure. NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (CCDCOE) operates out of Tallinn, Estonia, since August 2008


2007 cyberattacks on Estonia, Influence on international military doctrines
The events have been reflected in a NATO Department of Public Diplomacy short movie War in Cyberspace.


2007 elections in India
The State Assembly elections in India, 2007 took place between 8 February 2007 and 23 February 2007 for Indian States of Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Punjab, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. Elections for Gujarat were held in December 2007.


2007 elections in India, Results
Counting of votes was done on 27 February 2007 and the results were announced on the same date.


2007 elections in India, Results
The Indian National Congress, who were the incumbents in Punjab and Uttarakhand lost their majorities in both states.


2007 elections in India, Results, Goa
Congress emerge as single largest party after results. Congress formed government in alliance with NCP and SGF. SGF later merged in Congress to raise its tally to 18.


2007 elections in India, Results, Manipur
Elections in Manipur were held in three phases on 8 February 14 and 23 February.


2007 elections in India, Results, Manipur
The Indian National Congress won by a simple majority. A Congress-led coalition government was sworn in on 1 March 2007 with Okram Ibobi Singh as the Chief Minister.


2007 elections in India, Results, Punjab
A Shiromani Akali Dal-Bharatiya Janata Party coalition government sworn on 2 March 2007 with Parkash Singh Badal as the Chief Minister.


2007 elections in India, Results, Uttarakhand
The Bharatiya Janata Party emerged as the largest party with 34 seats in a house of 70. They were still one short of the majority to form a government. After much wrangling it was announced that the Uttarakhand Kranti Dal and the three independents would be supporting the government. Elections to Bajpur are still to take place. The incumbent Indian National Congress Government lost as they had only 21 seats out of 70 seats.


2007 elections in India, Results, Uttarakhand
After protracted discussions it was announced the B. C. Khanduri would be Chief Minister and B. S. Koshyari was to manage party work.


2007 elections in India, Results, Uttar Pradesh
Elections in Uttar Pradesh were held in seven phases during April and May 2007. In the end, Mayawati's B.S.P won this election.


2007 electoral calendar
This electoral calendar 2007 lists the national/federal direct elections held in 2007 in the de jure and de facto sovereign states and their dependent territories. Referendums are included, although they are not elections. By-elections are not included.


2007 enlargement of the European Union
On 1 January 2007, Bulgaria and Romania became member states of the European Union (EU) in the fifth wave of EU enlargement.


2007 enlargement of the European Union, Negotiations
Romania was the first country of post-communist Europe to have official relations with the European Community. In 1974, a treaty included Romania in the Community's Generalized System of Preferences. After the Romanian Revolution of 1989, membership of the EC, and its successor the European Union (EU), had been the main goal of every Romanian Government and practically every political party in Romania.


2007 enlargement of the European Union, Negotiations
Romania signed its Europe Agreement in 1993, and submitted its official application for membership in the EU on 22 June 1995 and Bulgaria submitted its official application for membership in the EU on 14 December 1995, the third and the fourth of the post–communist European countries to do so after Hungary and Poland. Along with its official EU application, Romania submitted the Snagov Declaration, signed by all fourteen major political parties declaring their full support for EU membership.


2007 enlargement of the European Union, Negotiations
During the 2000s, Bulgaria and Romania implemented a number of reforms to prepare for EU accession, including the consolidation of its democratic systems, the institution of the rule of law, the acknowledgement of respect for human rights, the commitment to personal freedom of expression, and the implementation of a functioning free-market economy. The objective of joining the EU also influenced Bulgaria and Romania's regional relations. As a result, Bulgaria and Romania imposed visa regimes on a number of states, including Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Serbia, Montenegro, Turkey and Moldova.


2007 enlargement of the European Union, Negotiations
Within the framework of integration meetings held between the EU member states and the EU candidate states Bulgaria and Romania, an 'Association Committee' was held on 22 June 2004. It confirmed overall good progress for the preparation of accession; however, it highlighted the need for further reform of judicial structures in both Bulgaria and Romania, particularly in its pre-trial phases, as well as the need for further efforts to fight against political corruption and organized crime, including human trafficking. The findings were reflected in the 2004 Regular Report for Bulgaria and Romania.


2007 enlargement of the European Union, Negotiations
The Brussels European Council of 17 December 2004 confirmed the conclusion of accession negotiations with Bulgaria and Romania. The 26 September 2006 of the European Commission confirmed the date once more, also announcing that Bulgaria and Romania would meet no direct restrictions, but progress in certain areas – reforms of the judicial system, elimination of corruption and the struggle against organized crime — would be strictly monitored.


2007 enlargement of the European Union, Negotiations, Cyrillic
With this accession, Cyrillic became the third official alphabet of the EU, after the Latin and Greek alphabets. Cyrillic will also be featured on the euro banknotes and the national (obverse) side of the Bulgarian euro coins. The ECB and the EU Commission insisted that Bulgaria change the official name of the currency from ЕВРО (EVRO) (as accepted) to ЕУРО (EURO), claiming that the currency should have a standard spelling and pronunciation across the EU. For details, see Linguistic issues concerning the euro. The issue was decisively resolved in favour of Bulgaria at the 2007 EU Summit in Lisbon, allowing Bulgaria to use the Cyrillic spelling евро on all official EU documents.


2007 enlargement of the European Union, Treaty
The date of accession, 1 January 2007, was set at the Thessaloniki Summit in 2003 and confirmed in Brussels on 18 June 2004. Bulgaria, Romania and the EU-25 signed the Treaty of Accession on 25 April 2005 at Luxembourg's Neumuenster Abbey.


2007 enlargement of the European Union, Treaty
The 26 September 2006 monitoring report of the European Commission confirmed the entry date as 1 January 2007. The last instrument of ratification of the Treaty of Accession was deposited with the Italian government on 20 December 2006 thereby ensuring it came into force on 1 January 2007.


2007 enlargement of the European Union, Work restrictions
Some member states of the EU required Bulgarians and Romanians to acquire a permit to work, whilst members of all other old member states did not require one. In the Treaty of Accession 2005, there was a clause about a transition period so each old EU member state could impose such 2+3+2 transitional periods. Restrictions were planned to remain in place until 1 January 2014 – 7 years after their accession.


2007 enlargement of the European Union, Remaining areas of inclusion
Bulgaria and Romania became members on 1 January 2007, but some areas of cooperation in the European Union will apply to Bulgaria and Romania at a later date. These are:


2007 enlargement of the European Union, Monitoring
While both countries were admitted, concerns about corruption and organised crime were still high. As a result, although they joined, they were subject to monitoring from the European Commission through a Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification (CVM). It was initially set up for three years after the accession but has continued indefinitely and although it has highlighted the corruption and applied some pressure to continue reforms, it has not succeeded in forcing the two countries to complete reforms and corruption persists. In 2019 however, the European Commission stated that it will admit Bulgaria in the Schengen area for its efforts against corruption.


2007 enlargement of the European Union, Commissioners
The accession treaty granted Bulgaria and Romania a seat, like every other state, on the Commission. Bulgaria nominated Meglena Kuneva, from NDSV who was given the post of Commissioner for Consumer Protection in the Barroso Commission, from 1 January 2007 until 31 October 2009. She was nominated in 2006 by the then current Bulgarian Prime Minister Sergei Stanishev. Romania nominated Leonard Orban, an independent, who was made Commissioner for Multilingualism in the Barroso Commission, from 1 January 2007 until 31 October 2009. He was nominated in 2006 by the previous Romanian Prime Minister Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu. Both were approved by Parliament to become Commissioners upon accession.


2007 enlargement of the European Union, MEPs
Upon accession Bulgaria's 18 and Romania's 35 observer MEPs became full voting representatives until each state held an election for the posts, which were mandated to happen before the end of the year. Bulgaria held its election on 20 May 2007 and Romania on 25 November 2007.


2007 in Africa, Notes
This text is being translated from the original French-language article.


2007 in American football, NFL, NFL Draft
The 2007 NFL Draft took place in New York City on April 28 and 29. The draft was televised for the 28th consecutive year on ESPN and ESPN2. The venue for the event was the Radio City Music Hall.


2007 in American football, NFL Europa, World Bowl
World Bowl XV was NFL Europa's 2007 championship game. It was played at the Commerzbank-Arena in Frankfurt, Germany on Saturday, June 23, where Hamburg defeated Frankfurt 37–28.


2007 in American football, NCAA, BCS National Championship Game
The BCS National Championship Game for the 2006 season was played on January 8 at the University of Phoenix Stadium. The BCS No. 1 Ohio State Buckeyes lost 41–14 to the BCS No. 2 Florida Gators.


2007 in American soccer
The 2007 season was the 95th year of competitive soccer in the United States.


2007 in American soccer, National team, Men, Senior
The home team or the team that is designated as the home team is listed in the left column; the away team is in the right column.


2007 in American soccer, National team, Women, Senior
The United States Women's National Soccer Team was coached by Pia Sundhage.


2007 in American soccer, Major League Soccer, Playoffs
1 The Kansas City Wizards earned the eighth and final playoff berth, despite finishing fifth in the Eastern Conference. They represent the fourth seed in the Western Conference playoff bracket, as only three teams in the Western Conference qualified for the playoffs.


2007 in American soccer, USL First Division, Table
Purple indicates regular season champion Green indicates playoff berth clinched


2007 in American soccer, USL Second Division, Table
1New Hampshire was penalized 1 point for circumstances not released by the USL.


2007 in American television
The following is a list of events affecting American television in 2007. Events listed include television show debuts, finales, cancellations, and new channel launches.


2007 in Australia
The following lists events that happened during 2007 in Australia.


2007 in Australian literature
This article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 2007.


2007 in Australian television
The year 2007 in Australian television was the 52nd year of continuous operation.


2007 in Australian television, Programming changes
Below is a list programs which made their premiere on free-to-air television that had previously premiered on Australian Pay TV; a program may still air on the original network.


2007 in Australian television, Programming changes, Subscription premieres
This is a list of programs which made their premiere on Australian subscription television that had previously premiered on Australian free-to-air television. Programs may still air on the original free-to-air television network.


2007 in Austria
The following lists events that happened during 2007 in Austria.


2007 in Azerbaijan
This is a list of events that took place in the year 2007 in Azerbaijan.


2007 in Bangladesh
2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2007th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 7th  year of the 3rd millennium, the 7th  year of the 21st century, and the  8th   year of the 2000s decade.


2007 in Bangladesh
The year 2007 was the 36th year after the independence of Bangladesh. It was also the first year of the regime of the fourth caretaker Government led by Fakhruddin Ahmed.


2007 in Bangladesh, Climate, Flood
In 2007 a series of floods impacted South Asia including Bangladesh. On 1 August, there was flooding on the Padma and Brahmaputra rivers. By 3 August, the main highway connecting Dhaka to the rest of the country was impassable, many districts were flood-affected and 500,000 people had been marooned. By 7 August an estimated 7.5 million people had fled their homes. By 8 August more than 50,000 people had diarrhoea or other waterborne diseases and more than 400,000 people were in temporary shelters.


2007 in Bangladesh, Climate, Flood
As of 21 July, the flood impacted districts included Dhaka, Munshiganj, Rajbari, Madaripur, Shariatpur, Manikganj, Netrakona, Jamalpur and Tangail in Dhaka division; Magura and Narail in Khulna division; Sirajganj, Rangpur, Gaibandha, Bogra and Kurigram in Rajshahi division and Sylhet, Sunamganj and Sherpur in Sylhet division. By 11 August, flood deaths were still occurring in Bangladesh, the number of people with flood-related diseases was increasing and about 100,000 people had caught dysentery or diarrhoea. By 13 August, the confirmed death toll in Bangladesh was 405. By 15 August, five million people were still displaced, the estimated death toll was nearly 500, and all six of Bangladesh's divisions were affected.


2007 in Bangladesh, Climate, Cyclone
An extremely severe tropical cyclone, named Cyclone Sidr resulted in one of the worst natural disasters in Bangladesh this year. Sidr formed in the central Bay of Bengal, and quickly strengthened to reach peak 1-minute sustained winds of 260 km/h (160 mph), making it a Category-5 equivalent tropical cyclone on the Saffir-Simpson Scale. The storm eventually made landfall in Bangladesh on November 15, 2007, causing large-scale evacuations. At least 3,447 deaths have been blamed on the storm, with some estimates reaching 15,000.


2007 in Bangladesh, Climate, Cyclone
Save the Children estimated the number of deaths associated with the cyclone to be between 3,100 and 10,000, while the Red Crescent Society reported on November 18 that the number of deaths could be up to 15,000. Other aid agencies have estimated a death toll of up to 15,000. International groups pledged US$95 million to repair the damage, which was estimated at $1.7 billion (2007 USD).


2007 in Bangladesh, Climate, Cyclone
Coastal districts of Bangladesh faced heavy rainfall as an early impact of the cyclone. Dhaka and other parts of Bangladesh experienced drizzle and gusty winds. Total damages came close to $450 million. The damage was extensive, including tin shacks flattened, houses and schools blown away and enormous tree damages. Some local officials have described the damage as being even worse than that from the 1991 cyclone. The entire cities of Patuakhali, Barguna and Jhalokati District were hit hard by the storm surge of over 5 meters (16 ft). About a quarter of the world heritage site Sunderbans were damaged.


2007 in Bangladesh, Climate, Cyclone
Researchers said mangrove forest Sunderban will take at least 40 years to recover itself from this catastrophe. Much of the capital city of Dhaka was also severely affected, as electricity and water service were cut and significant damage was reported there due to winds and flooding. The local agricultural industry was also devastated, as many rice crops — which have a December harvest — were lost.


2007 in Bangladesh, Climate, Cyclone
At least 3,447 deaths have been reported. Highest estimated death toll is around 15,000. The hardest-hit area was Barguna, where 423 people were reported to have been killed, according to local officials. Patuakhali was also hard-hit, with 385 deaths reported. Most of the deaths confirmed thus far were due to the winds, although 13 of them have been as a result of capsized boats in the Faridpur district of Bangladesh. The head of the Red Crescent in Bangladesh expected the death toll to reach as high as 15,000. Over 3,000 other fishermen were reported missing on over 500 fishing boats. The maximum estimated death toll from Sidr in the densely populated region is over 15,000.


2007 in Bangladesh, Economy
Note: For the year 2007 average official exchange rate for BDT was 68.87 per US$.


2007 in Belgian television
This is a list of Belgian television related events from 2007.


2007 in Brazilian football
The following article presents a summary of the 2007 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 106th season of competitive football in the country.


2007 in Brazilian football, Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, Relegation
The four worst placed teams, which are Corinthians, Paraná, Juventude and América-RN, were relegated to the following year's second level.


2007 in Brazilian football, Campeonato Brasileiro Série B, Promotion
The four best placed teams, which are Coritiba, Ipatinga, Portuguesa and Vitória, were promoted to the following year's first level.


2007 in Brazilian football, Campeonato Brasileiro Série B, Relegation
The four worst placed teams, which are Paulista, Santa Cruz, Remo and Ituano, were relegated to the following year's third level.


2007 in Brazilian football, Campeonato Brasileiro Série C, Promotion
The four best placed teams in the final stage of the competition, which are Bragantino, Bahia, Vila Nova-GO and ABC, were promoted to the following year's second level.


2007 in Brazilian football, Copa do Brasil
The Copa do Brasil final was played between Fluminense and Figueirense.


2007 in Brazilian football, Copa do Brasil
Fluminense declared as the cup champions by aggregate score of 2-1.


2007 in Brazilian football, Brazil national team
The following table lists all the games played by the Brazil national football team in official competitions and friendly matches during 2007.


2007 in Brazilian football, Women's football, Brazil women's national football team
The following table lists all the games played by the Brazil women's national football team in official competitions and friendly matches during 2007.


2007 in Brazilian football, Women's football, Brazil women's national football team
The Brazil women's national football team competed in the following competitions in 2007:


2007 in Brazilian football, Women's football, Copa do Brasil de Futebol Feminino
The Copa do Brasil de Futebol Feminino final was played between Mato Grosso do Sul/Saad and Botucatu.


2007 in Brazilian football, Women's football, Copa do Brasil de Futebol Feminino
Mato Grosso do Sul/Saad declared as the cup champions after beating Botucatu 5-4 on penalties.


2007 in Brazilian television
This is a list of Brazilian television related events from 2007.


2007 in British music
This is a summary of 2007 in music in the United Kingdom.


2007 in British music charts
This is a summary of the year 2007 in British music. It was the first year of digital downloads being fully integrated into the charts, leading to many songs not given physical releases to enter the chart on download sales alone. Leona Lewis had the most successful single of the year with "Bleeding Love", which achieved sales of 787,652 copies. Her album Spirit became the fastest-selling debut album of all time in the UK. Rihanna spent ten weeks at number one with "Umbrella", the longest stay for any artist at number 1 for thirteen years and the second best selling single of the year, and Amy Winehouse had the biggest selling album of the year with Back to Black.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, January
2007 began with the introduction of new chart rules meaning that all songs legally downloaded over the internet can count towards chart positions, whether or not a "physical" version of a song is available to purchase. Although Leona Lewis stayed at number one in her first week, the change was felt further down the charts with songs such as "Crazy" by Gnarls Barkley, "Maneater" by Nelly Furtado, "You Don't Know" by Eminem all returning to the charts on downloads alone.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, January
Also, as a result of downloads being eligible at any time, JoJo charted at number twenty-two with "Too Little Too Late", two weeks before physical release. Since then, various other songs have charted long before their CD release, including The Fray, whose "How to Save a Life" charted at number 29 on 21 January, two months before the CD's release. As a result, the CD release date was brought forward by a month.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, January
Mika topped the singles chart on 21 January to knock Leona Lewis off the top with the song "Grace Kelly" with sales around 30,000, to become only the second song (after Gnarls Barkley's "Crazy") to go to #1 exclusively via download sales. Just Jack climbed to number two with "Starz in Their Eyes" and The View at three with "Same Jeans". Chris Moyles, BBC Radio 1 Breakfast DJ, decided to test the new chart rules by selecting a random track for the public to download (legally) to see if it would chart. The track was "Honey to the Bee" by Billie and it reached number 17 on 21 January on downloads alone.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, January
On 31 January, German dance group Cascada released their second single, a cover of "Truly Madly Deeply", which entered the charts at #17 solely on downloads and then went on to peak at #4.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, March
Kaiser Chiefs claimed their first #1 album with Yours Truly, Angry Mob, which stayed at the top for two weeks despite a challenge by Arcade Fire's second album Neon Bible. Take That claimed their 10th #1 single with "Shine", replaced two weeks later by Sugababes vs. Girls Aloud, who collaborated on the official Comic Relief single "Walk This Way". The single earned Sugababes their fifth #1 single, and Girls Aloud their third.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, March
Ray Quinn, who came second in the third series of The X Factor, went to #1 in the album charts with his album of swing covers, Doing It My Way. German dance group Cascada also released their first album, Everytime We Touch, which peaked at #2 and ended up being the UK's 22nd best selling album of the year.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, April
Scottish duo The Proclaimers managed to score three weeks at the top of the singles chart with the unofficial Comic Relief single, "I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)" with Brian Potter and Andy Pipkin, selling over 200,000 copies to date. American rock band Kings of Leon recorded their first #1 album in the UK with their third album, Because of the Times. American producer Timbaland went to #1 with "Give It to Me", which was also at the top at the same time in the States. "Give It to Me" was an all-star collaboration with both Nelly Furtado and Justin Timberlake.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, April
Another all-star collaboration replaced Timbaland at #1, with both Beyoncé and Shakira climbing to the top with "Beautiful Liar", which gave both Beyoncé and Shakira their second UK #1 within a year and also Beyoncé her third #1 as a solo artist. The Arctic Monkeys' first single from their second album Favourite Worst Nightmare, "Brianstorm", reached #2, behind Beyonce and Shakira's #1 hit.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, April
Avril Lavigne charted with The Best Damn Thing giving her a third UK #1 album. It is only the second time that a female solo artist has ever scored three #1's in the UK with her first three albums, following Let Go (#1 in 2003) and Under My Skin (#1 in 2004). Norah Jones has also achieved this feat with her first three albums.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, May
McFly gained their seventh #1 single with "Baby's Coming Back/Transylvania", but the song fell to #20 and then #39 the following week, tying the record for the biggest fall from #1 with Elvis Presley. Rihanna went to #1 for the first time with "Umbrella" — a collaboration with Jay-Z — and would remain on top for the rest of the month. Linkin Park and Maroon 5 both got #1 albums in May, with Minutes to Midnight and It Won't Be Soon Before Long respectively.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, June
The month of June began with Rihanna being at the #1 spot for both the singles and download chart. Her third album Good Girl Gone Bad also made it to the top in the albums chart. The White Stripes reached #2 with their single "Icky Thump". The 7" format of the single went on to become the UK's biggest selling 7" single in twenty years, which was partly due to a tie in with XL Records and NME (who had given away a free foldout 7" of new song "Rag and Bone", with space to include the "Icky Thump" 7").


2007 in British music charts, Summary, June
The Traveling Wilburys went to #1 for the first time with The Traveling Wilburys Collection, followed by The White Stripes with their sixth album Icky Thump. Britain's most successful girl group the Spice Girls reformed and announced a global tour and Greatest Hits album. Muse played a record, sold-out two night concert in Wembley Stadium on the 16th and 17th of this month. Paul McCartney released his album Memory Almost Full on the 5th.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, July
Editors went to #1 for the first time with their second album An End Has a Start. They would be followed by #1 albums from The Chemical Brothers (We Are the Night), The Enemy (We'll Live and Die in these Towns) and Britain's Got Talent winner Paul Potts, whose album One Chance was the first since Maroon 5's It Won't Be Soon Before Long to spend more than one week at #1.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, July
On 10 July, German Eurodance Group Cascada released their 3rd single Miracle. It entered at #57 and then went on to peak at #8, making it their 3rd consecutive top ten single.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, July
On 22 July, Rihanna's "Umbrella" secured ten weeks at #1. In doing so, it overtook Gnarls Barkley's "Crazy" as the longest runner at #1 in the 21st Century and became one of the most successful R&B/Hip-Hop singles of all time. The title also cursed the British summertime which was one of the wettest in living memory.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, July
After a massive ten weeks at #1, Rihanna was finally replaced by Timbaland's second #1 single of the year, "The Way I Are", featuring newcomers Keri Hilson and D.O.E., whilst Kate Nash stayed at #2 with her official debut single "Foundations".


2007 in British music charts, Summary, August
The record for the shortest single to ever chart was broken, when Hans Zimmer's "Spider Pig", from The Simpsons Movie soundtrack, entered the chart at #24. The running time for the song is a mere 1:04.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, August
Swedish singer Robyn earns her first UK top 40 #1, with the song "With Every Heartbeat". In the same week, Kate Nash made it to #1 in the albums chart with her debut album, Made of Bricks. Hip-Hop act Kanye West debuts at #3 in the singles chart with "Stronger" based on downloads alone, and then also in the same week being the #1 of the downloads chart. "Stronger" rose to #1 in the singles chart the following week and stayed there for 2 weeks.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, August
Seventeen-year-old Sean Kingston makes his British chart debut at #2 in the chart on downloads alone with Beautiful Girls.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, September
On 2 September, Sean Kingston moves one place up the chart from #2 and earns his first #1 with the single "Beautiful Girls", Sean believes that he was inspired by music from his hero Jay-Z. One week later Hard-Fi triumphantly return with their second album Once Upon a Time in the West reaching #1 on 9 September. On the day of release the band played at Virgin Megastore in Oxford Street where they signed copies of the album. During the evening of the same day, the band played an exclusive gig at Maida Vale Studios, London.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, September
Girls Aloud returned to the charts with "Sexy! No, No, No..." which made it to #5, but fell 2 places to #7 the week after. They entered into the Guinness Book Of World Records, for having the most consecutive Top 10 hits in the UK for an all-female group.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, September
In the Air Tonight by Phil Collins re-entered the chart at #17 after many years, due to its use in the new UK Cadburys Dairy Milk advert.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, September
On 30 September, Radio 1 held a special UK Singles Chart edition for 40 years of Radio 1. Bruno Brookes and Mark Goodier, past presenters of the UK Singles Chart, played the biggest singles ever in the singles chart and showed highest stats from artists including Britney Spears, Gnarls Barkley, Will Young, Hear'Say, Bryan Adams, Rihanna and Eminem.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, September
On this same day, Sugababes earned their sixth number one single with first single from their fifth studio album, "About You Now". Also, the Sugababes were the second artist (after Timbaland) to have two singles at number one in 2007.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, September
At 36 seconds long, "The Ladies' Bras" by Jonny Trunk & Wisbey became the shortest ever single to enter the UK Singles Chart, charting at number 27 on 30 September, breaking the record just a few weeks after "Spider Pig".


2007 in British music charts, Summary, October
Steve Hewitt, Placebo's drummer of 11 years, left the band as a result of "personal and musical differences...", as quoted on the


2007 in British music charts, Summary, October
On 6 October the Sugababes managed to hold on to the top spot with "About You Now". Jennifer Lopez and The Stereophonics both made returns to the chart at numbers 11 and 12 with the singles "Do It Well" and "It Means Nothing" respectively. Kate Nash's second single failed to match the success of her debut, as "Mouthwash" peaked at number 23 (just two places ahead of "Foundations" after 15 weeks on the charts).


2007 in British music charts, Summary, October
On 7 October, JK and Joel hosted their final chart show, giving their chart show shoes to Fearne Cotton and Reggie Yates.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, October
Bruce Springsteen hit number one for the seventh time on the UK album charts with new album Magic.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, October
In a controversial move, Radiohead released their new album "In Rainbows" online, and allowed their fans to download it for any set price they want from £0.00-£100. The Charlatans announce that they are to follow suit, by releasing their album for free from XFM's website in 2008. They release "You Cross My Path" as a free mp3 through the XFM site.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, October
The Verve unleash their first new material for 10 years, a 14-minute demo known as "The Thaw Session" as a free MP3 through NME's website, for 1 week only.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, October
On 21 October Britney Spears entered the UK Singles Chart at #3 after 2 years away from the music scene. Stereophonics earned their fifth number one album with Pull the Pin.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, October
On 28 October, Leona Lewis achieved her second number-one single with "Bleeding Love", having sold 218,000 copies in its first week, the highest first-week sales of the year so far. Online downloads reached an all-time high of 1.7 million in a week. Leona also became the third artist in 2007 to have her second number one after Timbaland & Sugababes. On the issue date of October 28 the top five consisted of all British performers/acts, and first three places were new-entries.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, November
On 4 November, The Eagles beat Britney Spears to number one on the Album Chart, and on 11 November, Westlife earned another number one album with Back Home. Boyz II Men came back to the UK with a new album which went to #8.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, November
On 11 November, Spice Girls, Kylie Minogue, Nickelback and Celine Dion returned to the charts due to download sales, with Spice Girls entering at number 20 with "Headlines (Friendship Never Ends)". Minogue entered the charts after two years away with "2 Hearts" at number 12, and Nickelback entered at number 34 with "Rockstar". Dion entered the chart with "Taking Chances" at number 40. Girls Aloud entered the top 10 on downloads alone and rose to 3 a week later on November 11.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, November
November 11 also saw the first performance of the World Requiem, by John Foulds, in 81 years (since 1926).


2007 in British music charts, Summary, November
Nicole Scherzinger's debut single "Baby Love" moved up the chart to #14 to give her her highest peak.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, November
On 18 November, Leona Lewis earned her fourth week at number one with "Bleeding Love", having become the biggest selling single of the year to date. She also became the first artist to have two singles stay at number one for 4 or more weeks in the 2000s (decade) ("Bleeding Love" and "A Moment Like This"). Her debut album Spirit entered the album chart at number one, being the fastest selling debut album and the fourth fastest selling album of all time.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, November
Led Zeppelin's classic song "Stairway To Heaven" charts at #37 for the first time, after their back catalogue and greatest hits album "Mothership" appears on iTunes. Despite the band's incredible fame, their lack of British single releases means that the band had only been in the UK Top 40 once previously.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, November
Soulja Boy Tell 'Em, who had been #1 in the United States for 7 weeks with his single "Crank That (Soulja Boy)," entered the UK Singles Chart on downloads alone at #24.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, December
On 2 December, Leona Lewis earned her sixth week at number one with "Bleeding Love".


2007 in British music charts, Summary, December
On 9 December Leona earns her seventh week at number one as "Bleeding Love" continues to sell well, selling over 700,000 copies thus far. "Bleeding Love" is now in joint 3rd place for Most Weeks At The top Of The Charts. Her album Spirit has so far sold 1,146,246 copies and has gone 3x platinum in just under a month. "Bleeding Love" was the joint third longest number one of the 21st Century so far.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, December
Mariah Carey enters into the top ten for the first time in two years as seasonal favourite "All I Want for Christmas Is You" reaches number eight via downloads. "Crank That (Soulja Boy)" enters at number ten also via downloads for Soulja Boy Tell 'Em which topped the US Chart for six weeks back in the autumn.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, December
On 10 December German Dance Group Cascada enter the top 10 with "What Hurts The Most" (which peaked at #10) after entering at #16 on downloads alone. This was also their 4th top ten single.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, December
On 16 December, singer/songwriter Katie Melua earned her first UK number one single with a duet with Eva Cassidy. It's a cover of Louis Armstrong's classic "What a Wonderful World". All proceeds from the single will go to the Red Cross charity. The song was only available from supermarket chain Tesco. Christmas spirit also returned to the charts as Mariah Carey got to number one on downloads but only number four (behind Eva Cassidy & Katie Melua, Leona Lewis & Soulja Boy Tell 'Em) with "All I Want for Christmas Is You" in the combined chart.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, December
The Pogues also charted well, getting to number eight during their third week in the chart (on downloads alone) with Fairytale of New York. Wham!, Wizzard, Andy Williams, Slade, Shakin' Stevens, Band Aid, Chris Rea and John Lennon also provided a festive feel to the top 40. T2 featuring Jodie Aysha slipped to number nine after two weeks at number two.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, December
On the 'Christmas Chart', Kylie Minogue entered at number 32 on downloads alone with her single "Wow" while the Sugababes climbed up thirteen places to number 13 with "Change" after the physical release. Also, Rihanna had three singles in the Top 40, ("Umbrella" at 38, "Hate That I Love You" at 37, and "Don't Stop the Music" at 30), the latter being on downloads alone. X Factor winner Leon Jackson topped the Christmas chart with "When You Believe".


2007 in British music charts, Summary, December
This marks the third year in a row that an X Factor winner tops the Christmas chart (Shayne Ward "That's My Goal" did it in 2005 and Leona Lewis repeated it in 2006 with "A Moment Like This"). Leona Lewis topped the Christmas album charts with her debut album "Spirit" for the sixth week.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, December
In the last singles chart of the year Leon Jackson and "When You Believe" remained at number one for a second week, with Leona Lewis climbing back to number two with "Bleeding Love". There were also a number of re-entries from some of the biggest selling singles of the year in the post-Christmas rush, as consumers looked to fill newly purchased digital music players. In the album chart Leona Lewis completed her seventh week at number 1 with "Spirit", with Westlife's "Back Home" holding steady at 2 and Take That climbing back up to 3 with "Beautiful World".


2007 in British music charts, Summary, December
It was also announced by the Official Chart Company that Amy Winehouse had the biggest selling album of the year with "Back To Black" selling 1,586,194 copies. Leona Lewis who had the second biggest selling album with "Spirit" selling 1,550,037 copies in the 48 days since its release. Mika's "Life in Cartoon Motion" was the third biggest selling album of the year. Leona Lewis had the biggest selling single of 2007 with "Bleeding Love" (787,652), with Rihanna's "Umbrella" at number two (512,730), and Mika's "Grace Kelly" in third position.


2007 in British music charts, Summary, December
Radiohead's In Rainbows finally got a physical CD release on 31 December 2007 after causing controversy within the music industry upon initial release as a download only on 10 October 2007. The public were asked to pay whatever they wanted for the record (including nothing) and despite this the CD release would still go on to be the first Number One in the Official Chart Company's album chart for 2008.


2007 in British radio
This is a list of events in British radio during 2007.


2007 in British television
This is a summary of the year 2007 in British television.


2007 in British television, Events, December
Freeview Channel in the UK also sees ITV News and the ITV regional newsrooms cease being cropped to 14:9 format.


2007 in British television, Big Brother racism controversy
2007 saw Channel 4 reality show Big Brother involved in two high-profile race-rows.


2007 in British television, Big Brother racism controversy, Celebrity Big Brother 5
In January, Jade Goody, her mother Jackiey Budden and boyfriend Jack Tweed, along with Danielle Lloyd and Jo O'Meara, were accused of racist bullying towards Bollywood actress Shilpa Shetty. This resulted in protests in India and a record number of complaints to British TV regulator Ofcom and to Channel 4.


2007 in British television, Big Brother racism controversy, Big Brother 8
At the end of May, Channel 4 broadcast an apology for not intervening in the bullying just moments before the eight non-celebrity series started; all housemates in this series were given strict warnings about racism before entering. Just one week after the launch, Emily Parr was removed from the house in the early hours of the morning for saying the word "nigger" to black housemate Charley Uchea just hours before. This incident was widely discussed in the media; viewers complained about Channel 4 broadcasting the word, however, other viewers complained that Emily had been treated unfairly, as she did not use the word in a spiteful context, instead possibly imitating rappers who use the word in their songs.


2007 in Brunei
The following lists events that happened during 2002 in Brunei.


2007 in Cage Rage Championships
The year 2007 is the 6th year in the history of the Cage Rage Championships, a mixed martial arts promotion based in the United Kingdom. In 2007 Cage Rage Championships held 12 events, Cage Rage 15.


2007 in Cage Rage Championships, Cage Rage 20
Cage Rage 20 was an event held on February 10, 2007 at Wembley Arena in London, United Kingdom.


2007 in Cage Rage Championships, Cage Rage Contenders 4
Cage Rage Contenders 4 was an event held on March 4, 2007 at Hammersmith Palais in London, United Kingdom.


2007 in Cage Rage Championships, Cage Rage 21
Cage Rage 21 was an event held on April 21, 2007 at Wembley Arena in London, United Kingdom.


2007 in Cage Rage Championships, Cage Rage Contenders: The Real Deal
Cage Rage Contenders: The Real Deal was an event held on May 26, 2007 at The Point in Dublin, Ireland.


2007 in Cage Rage Championships, Cage Rage Contenders 5
Cage Rage Contenders 5 was an event held on June 16, 2007 at Wembley Arena in London, United Kingdom.


2007 in Cage Rage Championships, Cage Rage 22
Cage Rage 22 was an event held on July 14, 2007 at Wembley Arena in London, United Kingdom.


2007 in Cage Rage Championships, Cage Rage Contenders 6
Cage Rage Contenders 6 was an event held on August 18, 2007 in London, United Kingdom.


2007 in Cage Rage Championships, Cage Rage 23
Cage Rage 23 was an event held on September 22, 2007 at Wembley Arena in London, United Kingdom.


2007 in Cage Rage Championships, Cage Rage Contenders: Dynamite
Cage Rage Contenders: Dynamite was an event held on September 29, 2007 at National Stadium in Dublin, Ireland.


2007 in Cage Rage Championships, Cage Rage Contenders 7
Cage Rage Contenders 7 was an event held on November 10, 2007 at The Troxy in London, United Kingdom.


2007 in Cage Rage Championships, Cage Rage Contenders: Wales
Cage Rage Contenders: Wales was an event held on November 18, 2007 at Brangwyn Hall in Swansea, United Kingdom.


2007 in Cage Rage Championships, Cage Rage 24
Cage Rage 24 was an event held on December 1, 2007 at Wembley Arena in London, United Kingdom.


2007 in Cage Warriors
The year 2007 is the sixth year in the history of Cage Warriors, a mixed martial arts promotion based in the United Kingdom. In 2007 Cage Rage Championships held 4 events beginning with, CWFC: Enter The Rough House 2.


2007 in Cage Warriors, CWFC: Enter The Rough House 2
CWFC: Enter The Rough House 2 was an event held on April 28, 2007 in Nottingham, England.


2007 in Cage Warriors, CWFC: Enter The Rough House 3
CWFC: Enter The Rough House 3 was an event held on July 21, 2007 in Nottingham, England.


2007 in Cage Warriors, CWFC: Enter The Rough House 4
CWFC: Enter The Rough House 4 was an event held on October 14, 2007 in Nottingham, England.


2007 in Cage Warriors, CWFC: Enter The Rough House 5
CWFC: Enter The Rough House 5 was an event held on December 8, 2007 in Nottingham, England.


2007 in Cambodia
The following lists events that happened during 2007 in Cambodia.


2007 in Canadian music
This is a summary of the year 2007 in the Canadian music industry.


2007 in Canadian television
This is a list of Canadian television related events from 2007.


2007 in Canadian television, Events
A series of ownership changes radically reshaped the Canadian television broadcasting industry in 2007. Individual transactions are briefly noted below; for more information, see also 2007 Canada broadcast TV realignment.


2007 in Canadian television, Events, Debuts (including scheduled)
See 2007–08 Canadian network television schedule for a complete grid of the networks' fall prime time programming.


2007 in Cape Verde
The following lists events that happened during 2007 in Cape Verde.


2007 in Colombia
The following lists events that happened during 2007 in Colombia.


2007 in Croatian television
This is a list of Croatian television related events from 2007.


2007 in Danish television
This is a list of Danish television related events from 2007.


2007 in Deep
The year 2007 is the seventh year in the history of Deep, a mixed martial arts promotion based in Japan. In 2007 Deep held 22 events beginning with, Deep: 28 Impact.


2007 in Deep, Deep: 28 Impact
Deep: 28 Impact was an event held on February 16, 2007 at Korakuen Hall in Tokyo.


2007 in Deep, Deep: 29 Impact
Deep: 29 Impact was an event held on April 13, 2007 at Korakuen Hall in Tokyo.


2007 in Deep, Deep: clubDeep Toyama: Barbarian Festival 6
Deep: clubDeep Toyama: Barbarian Festival 6 was an event held on May 13, 2007 at Toyama Event Plaza in Toyama.


2007 in Deep, Deep: 1st Amateur Impact
Deep: 1st Amateur Impact was an event held on May 27, 2007 at Mach Dojo in Ryugasaki.


2007 in Deep, Deep: clubDeep Nagoya: MB3z Impact, Power of a Dream
Deep: clubDeep Nagoya: MB3z Impact, Power of a Dream was an event held on June 10, 2007 at Zepp Nagoya in Nagoya.


2007 in Deep, Deep: clubDeep Tokyo
Deep: clubDeep Tokyo was an event held on June 16, 2007 at Shinjuku Face in Tokyo.


2007 in Deep, Deep: Oyaji Deep
Deep: Oyaji Deep was an event held on June 16, 2007 at Shinjuku Face in Tokyo.


2007 in Deep, Deep: Deep in Yamagata
Deep: Deep in Yamagata was an event held on June 24, 2007 at Mikawa Town Gymnasium in Mikawa.


2007 in Deep, Deep: 30 Impact
Deep: 30 Impact was an event held on July 8, 2007 at Zepp Osaka in Osaka.


2007 in Deep, Deep: CMA Festival 2
Deep: CMA Festival 2 was an event held on July 23, 2007 at Korakuen Hall in Tokyo.


2007 in Deep, Deep: Glove
Deep: Glove was an event held on February 5, 2007 at Korakuen Hall in Tokyo.


2007 in Deep, Deep: 31 Impact
Deep: 31 Impact was an event held on August 5, 2007 at Korakuen Hall in Tokyo.


2007 in Deep, Deep: clubDeep Tokyo
Deep: clubDeep Tokyo was an event held on September 15, 2007 at Shinjuku Face in Tokyo.


2007 in Deep, Deep: clubDeep Yamaguchi
Deep: clubDeep Yamaguchi was an event held on September 23, 2007 at Shinnanyo Gymnasium in Shinnan'yo.


2007 in Deep, Deep: 32 Impact
Deep: 32 Impact was an event held on October 9, 2007 at Korakuen Hall in Tokyo.


2007 in Deep, Deep: clubDeep Osaka
Deep: clubDeep Osaka was an event held on October 13, 2007 at Azalea Taisho Hall in Osaka.


2007 in Deep, Deep: clubDeep Hamamatsu
Deep: clubDeep Hamamatsu was an event held on October 21, 2007 at Act City in Hamamatsu.


2007 in Deep, Deep: clubDeep Sendai
Deep: clubDeep Sendai was an event held on October 28, 2007 at Zepp Sendai in Sendai.


2007 in Deep, Deep: Kobudo Fight 1
Deep: Kobudo Fight 1 was an event held on November 3, 2007 at Kobudo Martial Arts Communication Space Tiger Hall in Nagoya.


2007 in Deep, Deep: clubDeep Kanazawa
Deep: clubDeep Kanazawa was an event held on December 9, 2007 at Ishikawa Industrial Pavilion Second Hall in Kanazawa.


2007 in Deep, Deep: 33 Impact
Deep: 33 Impact was an event held on December 12, 2007 at Korakuen Hall in Tokyo.


2007 in Deep, Deep: Protect Impact 2007
Deep: Protect Impact 2007 was an event held on December 22, 2007 at Umeda Stella Hall in Osaka.


2007 in Dutch television
This is a list of Dutch television related events from 2007.


2007 in Ecuadorian football
The 2007 season is the 85th season of competitive football in Ecuador.


2007 in Ecuadorian football, National team, Senior team
Luis Fernando Suárez resigned as the head coach of the senior team. He was replaced by Sixto Vizuete, who was previously the coach of the U-20 team.


2007 in Ecuadorian football, National team, Senior team, Copa América
Ecuador participated in their 24th Copa América. They were drawn into Group B and finished last in the group.


2007 in Ecuadorian football, National team, Senior team, World Cup qualifying
CONMEBOL's qualification for the 2010 FIFA World Cup started in 2007.


2007 in Elite Xtreme Combat
The year 2007 is the 1st year in the history of the Elite Xtreme Combat, a mixed martial arts promotion based in The United States. In 2007 Elite Xtreme Combat held 8 events beginning with, EliteXC Destiny.


2007 in Elite Xtreme Combat, EliteXC Destiny
EliteXC Destiny was an event held on February 10, 2007 at DeSoto Civic Center in Southaven, Mississippi.


2007 in Elite Xtreme Combat, Dynamite!! USA
Dynamite!! USA was an event held on June 2, 2007 at Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles.


2007 in Elite Xtreme Combat, Strikeforce Shamrock vs. Baroni
Strikeforce Shamrock vs. Baroni was an event held on June 22, 2007 at The HP Pavilion in San Jose, California.


2007 in Elite Xtreme Combat, ShoXC: Elite Challenger Series
ShoXC: Elite Challenger Series was an event held on July 27, 2007 at Chumash Casino Resort in Santa Ynez, California.


2007 in Elite Xtreme Combat, ShoXC: Elite Challenger Series
ShoXC: Elite Challenger Series was an event held on August 25, 2007 at Vicksburg Convention Center in Vicksburg, Mississippi.


2007 in Elite Xtreme Combat, EliteXC: Uprising
EliteXC: Uprising was an event held on September 15, 2007 at Neal S. Blaisdell Arena in Oahu, Hawaii.


2007 in Elite Xtreme Combat, ShoXC: Elite Challenger Series
ShoXC: Elite Challenger Series was an event held on October 26, 2007 at Chumash Casino Resort in Santa Ynez, California.


2007 in Elite Xtreme Combat, EliteXC: Renegade
EliteXC: Renegade was an event held on November 10, 2007 at The American Bank Center in Corpus Christi, Texas.


2007 in Estonia
This article lists events that occurred during 2007 in Estonia.


2007 in Estonian football
The 2007 season is the 16th competitive football season in Estonia.


2007 in Estonian television
This is a list of Estonian television related events from 2007.


2007 in Ethiopia
The following lists events that happened during 2007 in Ethiopia.


2007 in Fighting Network Rings
The year 2007 is the 13th year in the history of Fighting Network Rings, a mixed martial arts promotion based in Japan. In 2007 Fighting Network Rings held 2 events beginning with, Rings Holland: The Chosen Ones.


2007 in Fighting Network Rings, Rings Holland: The Chosen Ones
Rings Holland: The Chosen Ones was an event held on March 25, 2007 at Vechtsebanen Sport Hall in Utrecht, Netherlands.


2007 in Fighting Network Rings, Rings Gala: Risky Business
Rings Gala: Risky Business was an event held on September 23, 2007 in The Netherlands.


2007 in Fiji
The following lists events that happened during 2007 in the Republic of Fiji.


2007 in France
This article lists events from the year 2007 in France.


2007 in French television
This is a list of French television related events from 2007.


2007 in Georgia (country)
2007 in Georgia saw a number of military incidents involving Georgia and Russia over the Abkhazia area. Abkhazia is a partially recognised state within Georgia's territory. In March, Georgia accused Russia of attacking the Kodori Valley in Upper Abkhazia, which was the only area in Abkhazia that Georgia controlled. Russia denied the claims, saying that their aircraft in the area were grounded at the time. In August, Georgia claimed that Russia fired a missile into Georgia. This claim was confirmed by 2 investigation teams but challenged by a Russian investigation team.


2007 in Georgia (country)
Also in August, Georgia claimed it shot down Russian aircraft that were in Georgia's airspace over the Georgia-controlled Upper Abkhazia area. Russia denied this claim and Abkhazia said that it was an American or Georgian aircraft that crashed in Abkhazia. Abkhazia also held elections that were not recognised by any countries. The president was Mikheil Saakashvili, who stepped down in November to run in the 2008 elections, which he won, again becoming president and replacing Nino Burjanadze who had been acting president since he stepped down.


2007 in German television
This is a list of German television related events from 2007.


2007 in Ghana
2007 in Ghana details events of note that happened in Ghana in that year.


2007 in Ghana, Events, July
1 July - The Bank of Ghana starts circulating the new currency the Ghana cedi.


2007 in Ghana, National holidays
Holidays in italics are "special days", while those in regular type are "regular holidays".


2007 in Ghana, National holidays
In addition, several other places observe local holidays, such as the foundation of their town. These are also "special days."


2007 in Guinea
The following lists events that happened during 2007 in the Republic of Guinea.


2007 in Hong Kong, Events
In January 2007, rules were passed to limit the number of pregnant women from mainland China who could give birth in Hong Kong, thus obtaining residency rights for their children.


2007 in Hong Kong, Events
In March 2007, Chief Executive Donald Tsang won elections for a new five-year term.


2007 in Hong Kong, Events
In July 2007, with the 10th anniversary of Hong Kong's handover to China, Tsang's new government is sworn in.


2007 in Iceland
The following lists events that happened in 2007 in Iceland.


2007 in India
Events in the year 2007 in the Republic of India.


2007 in India, Births
It is estimated that over 1.2 million children were born in 2007


2007 in Iraqi football
Despite the nation being torn apart by civil war, Iraqi football in 2007 went as scheduled for the most part. Iraqi clubs participated in international competition, the Olympic team went through qualifications, and the national team played in different tournaments. No games by the national team or the Iraqi clubs were played in Iraq due to violence.


2007 in Iraqi football, National team, 2007 Gulf Cup
The Arabian Gulf Cup 2007, the 18th edition, took place in the United Arab Emirates, from 17 January 2007 to 30 January 2007. Iraq did not get beyond the group stage, and the tournament ended in accusations and allegations against the head coach of the national team.


2007 in Iraqi football, National team, West Asian Football Federation Championship
The 2007 West Asian Football Federation Championship took part in the Jordanian capital Amman. The six entrants were Iraq, Iran, Syria, Palestine, Lebanon and host nation Jordan. The finals took place between 16th and 24 June 2007.


2007 in Iraqi football, National team, Asian Cup 2007
The Asian Football Confederation's 2007 AFC Asian Cup finals was held in July 2007 (Starting on July 7, 2007, ending on July 29, 2007). The competition was co-hosted by four nations – Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam. Iraq won the tournament.


2007 in Iraqi football, National team, Kings's Cup
Arbil FC participated in the 2007 King's Cup as Iraq B team.


2007 in Iraqi football, Olympic Team, Olympic Games Qualification
The Iraqi Olympic team participated in the qualifications for the 2008 Summer Olympics. Iraq was seeded for the second round. The second round qualifications were held from February 28 to June 6, 2007. Iraq advanced to the final round qualifications, however the team failed to qualify for the Olympics after finishing second behind Australia.


2007 in Iraqi football, Domestic clubs in international tournaments, 2007 AFC Champions League
The 2007 AFC Champions League was the 26th AFC Champions League, played between clubs from nations who are members of the Asian Football Confederation. The top 15 nations in the Asian Football Confederation were invited to nominate one or two clubs to participate in the 2007 competition; Iraq has 2 spots. The two spots were given to the Champion and the runner-up of the Iraqi Premier League, in the 2005-2006 year. Both clubs failed to qualify for the Quarter Finals.


2007 in Iraqi football, Domestic clubs in international tournaments, 2007–08 Arab Champions League
Iraq has 2 spots. The two spots were given to the 3rd Place and 4th Place of the Iraqi Premier League.


2007 in Ireland, Sport, Association football
Ireland finished third in the Group and failed to qualify.


2007 in Ireland, Sport, Cricket
2007 Cricket World Cup: In a successful world cup debut, the Ireland cricket team qualified from the group stage for the Super 8 stage, notably defeating Pakistan cricket team in the process.


2007 in Irish music
This is a summary of the year 2007 in the Irish music industry. 2007 was described as "an annus horribilis for Irish music" by the Irish Independent's rock critic, Eamon Sweeney.


2007 in Irish music, Festivals, Bud Rising
Bud Rising Spring took place from Sunday 1 April until Thursday 31 May. Gigs as ever took place in various venues throughout Dublin, including Dublin Castle, The Olympia and the Temple Bar Music Centre. Among the performances were Maxïmo Park at the Temple Bar Music Centre on Monday 21 May.


2007 in Irish music, Festivals, Bud Rising
Bud Rising Summer saw two outdoor concerts take place in Marlay Park. Foo Fighters played Marlay Park on Wednesday 22 August, supported by Nine Inch Nails and Silversun Pickups. Kaiser Chiefs and The Fratellis played Marlay Park on Sunday 26 August. They were supported by Ash, The Blizzards and Royseven.


2007 in Irish music, Music awards, 2007 Meteor Awards
The 2007 Meteor Awards were hosted by television personalities Podge and Rodge and comedian Deirdre O'Kane on 1 February 2007. Below are the winners:


2007 in Irish music, Music awards, Choice Music Prize
The Choice Music Prize for Irish Album of the Year 2006 was awarded at Vicar Street to The Divine Comedy for the album Victory for the Comic Muse on 28 February 2007.


2007 in Irish television
The following is a list of events relating to television in Ireland from 2007.


2007 in Israel, Events
Raleb Majadele becomes the first Israeli Arab Muslim to serve as a cabinet minister in the government of Israel


2007 in Israel, Events
The Israeli reconnaissance satellite Ofek-7 is launched, June 11, 2007


2007 in Israel, Events
President Moshe Katsav, resigned as president while facing serious criminal charges


2007 in Israel, Events, Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The most prominent events related to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict which occurred during 2007 include:


2007 in Israel, Events, Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The most prominent Palestinian militant acts and operations committed against Israeli targets during 2007 include:


2007 in Israel, Events, Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The most prominent Israeli military counter-terrorism operations (military campaigns and military operations) carried out against Palestinian militants during 2007 include:


2007 in Italian television
This is a list of Italian television related events from 2007.


2007 in Japanese music
The following is an overview of the year 2007 in Japanese music. It includes notable awards, lists of number-ones, yearly best-sellers, albums released, groups established and disestablished, deaths of notable Japanese music-related people as well as any other relevant Japanese music-related events. For overviews of the year in music from other countries, see 2007 in music.


2007 in Japanese music, Best-sellers, Albums
The following is a list of the top 10 best-selling albums in Japan in 2007, according to Oricon.


2007 in Japanese music, Albums released
The following section includes albums by Japanese artists released in Japan in 2007 as well as Japanese-language albums by foreign artists released in the country during this year.


2007 in Kenya
The following lists events that happened during 2007 in Kenya.


2007 in Kenyan football
The following article is a summary of the 2007 football season in Kenya, the 44th competitive season in its history.


2007 in Kenyan football, Premier League
The league was originally supposed to begin in autumn of 2006, but wrangles between two factions led to a parallel league situation. One of them, the Kenyan Premier League, had only seven teams, but were backed by FIFA. Remaining teams formed the KFFPL, supported by the Kenyan government. Teams affiliated to KPL were private clubs and company teams, such as Tusker, and teams owned by  non-governmental organizations, like sister clubs Mathare United and Mathare Youth, while teams affiliated to KFFPL were traditional community clubs like Gor Mahia, A.F.C. Leopards and Shabana Kisii, or teams belonging to government-owned organizations.


2007 in Kenyan football, Premier League
However, in March 2007, the two leagues were finally united into an 18-team league, though two teams, Mumias Sugar and Kangemi United, disbanded halfway through. The two relegated teams, A.F.C. Leopards and Shabana Kisii were not readmitted, although there were some calls for a larger 20-team league. This was in light of the equally controversial inclusion of Gor Mahia who had been expelled mid-season from the league in the previous season, and Mathare United, which had been relegated for fielding an ineligible player in ten matches.


2007 in Kenyan football, Premier League
The season finished in November 2007 with Tusker as the champions and Homegrown and Coast Stars relegated. Bandari and Western Stima gained promotion for the following season. Coast Stars appealed against the relegation to their financier Mohamed Hatimy, who also doubled up as the chairman of Kenya Football Federation. Hatimy's decision to reinstate the club was vetoed by FIFA following submissions by KPL.


2007 in Kenyan football, President's Cup
The President's Cup was marred by the withdrawal of many leading teams. The cup was eventually won by Nationwide League side Sofapaka.


2007 in Kenyan football, President's Cup
Since clubs from the Central African Republic, Chad, Kenya, Rwanda and Sierra Leone were disqualified for failure to fulfill their financial obligations, Sofapaka were unable to compete in the 2008 CAF Confederation Cup.


2007 in Kenyan football, National team, Africa Cup of Nations
The national team finished the qualification phase of the 2008 Africa Cup of Nations third in its group and missed the final tournament. They had played two out of their six qualifying matches in 2006, which are included below.


2007 in Kenyan football, National team, CECAFA Cup
Kenya also competed in the 2007 CECAFA Cup. They reached the quarter-finals but lost 4-2 on penalties to Uganda.


2007 in Kenyan football, National team, Other matches
The following is a list of other matches played by Kenya in 2007.


2007 in King of the Cage
The year 2007 is the ninth year in the history of King of the Cage, a mixed martial arts promotion based in the United States. In 2007 King of the Cage held 24 events, KOTC: Hard Knocks.


2007 in King of the Cage, KOTC: Hard Knocks
KOTC: Hard Knocks was an event held on January 19, 2007 at The Rockford MetroCentre in Rockford, Illinois.


2007 in King of the Cage, KOTC: Mass Destruction
KOTC: Mass Destruction was an event held on January 26, 2007 at The Soaring Eagle Casino in Mount Pleasant, Michigan.


2007 in King of the Cage, KOTC: Caged Chaos
KOTC: Caged Chaos was an event held on March 10, 2007 at The Avi Resort & Casino in Laughlin, Nevada.


2007 in King of the Cage, KOTC: Sinister
KOTC: Sinister was an event held on April 27, 2007 at The Soboba Casino in San Jacinto, California.


2007 in King of the Cage, KOTC: Eclipse
KOTC: Eclipse was an event held on May 26, 2007 at The Apache Gold Casino in Globe, Arizona.


2007 in King of the Cage, KOTC: Damage Control
KOTC: Damage Control was an event held on May 26, 2007 at The UIC Pavilion in Chicago.


2007 in King of the Cage, KOTC: Eliminator
KOTC: Eliminator was an event held on June 2, 2007 at The Kiowa Casino in Oklahoma.


2007 in King of the Cage, KOTC: Epicenter
KOTC: Epicenter was an event held on June 8, 2007 at The Soboba Casino in San Jacinto, California.


2007 in King of the Cage, KOTC: Reincarnated
KOTC: Reincarnated was an event held on June 9, 2007 at Auburn RSL in Auburn, Sydney, Australia.


2007 in King of the Cage, KOTC: Explosion
KOTC: Explosion was an event held on June 15, 2007 at The Soaring Eagle Casino in Mt. Pleasant, MI.


2007 in King of the Cage, KOTC: No Holds Barred
KOTC: No Holds Barred was an event held on July 14, 2007 at The Eagle Mountain Casino in Porterville, California.


2007 in King of the Cage, KOTC: Battle at the Bowl
KOTC: Battle at the Bowl was an event held on July 21, 2007 at The Lake of the Torches in Lac du Flambeau, Wisconsin.


2007 in King of the Cage, KOTC: Collision Course
KOTC: Collision Course was an event held on August 5, 2007 at The Soboba Casino in San Jacinto, California.


2007 in King of the Cage, KOTC: River Rage
KOTC: River Rage was an event held on September 15, 2007 in Laughlin, Nevada.


2007 in King of the Cage, KOTC: Unstoppable
KOTC: Unstoppable was an event held on September 15, 2007 at The Apache Gold Casino in Globe, Arizona.


2007 in King of the Cage, KOTC: Jawbreaker
KOTC: Jawbreaker was an event held on September 29, 2007 in Oklahoma.


2007 in King of the Cage, KOTC: Perth
KOTC: Perth was an event held on October 5, 2007 in Perth, Australia.


2007 in King of the Cage, KOTC: Brimstone
KOTC: Brimstone was an event held on October 6, 2007 in Wisconsin.


2007 in King of the Cage, KOTC: Point of No Return
KOTC: Point of No Return was an event held on October 7, 2007 in San Jacinto, California.


2007 in King of the Cage, KOTC: Hierarchy
KOTC: Hierarchy was an event held on October 13, 2007 at The Isleta Casino & Resort in Albuquerque, New Mexico.


2007 in King of the Cage, KOTC: Arch Rivals
KOTC: Arch Rivals was an event held on October 27, 2007 at The Reno Events Center in Reno, Nevada.


2007 in King of the Cage, KOTC: Damage Inc.
KOTC: Damage Inc. was an event held on November 17, 2007 at The Rockford MetroCentre in Rockford, Illinois.


2007 in King of the Cage, KOTC: Bad Boys
KOTC: Bad Boys was an event held on November 21, 2007 at The Soaring Eagle Casino in Mt. Pleasant, MI.


2007 in King of the Cage, KOTC: Final Chapter
KOTC: Final Chapter was an event held on December 2, 2007 in California.


2007 in Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki
The year 2007 is the fourth year in the history of the Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki, a mixed martial arts promotion based in Poland. In 2007 Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki held 3 events beginning with, KSW VII: Konfrontacja.


2007 in Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki, KSW VII: Konfrontacja
KSW VII: Konfrontacja was a mixed martial arts event  held on June 2, 2007 at the Hala Torwar in Warsaw, Poland.


2007 in Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki, KSW Elimination 1
KSW Elimination was a mixed martial arts event held on September 15, 2007 at the Hala Orbita in Wroclaw, Poland .


2007 in Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki, KSW VIII: Konfrontacja
KSW VIII: Konfrontacja was a mixed martial arts event held on November 10, 2007 at the Hala Torwar in Warsaw, Poland.


2007 in LGBT rights
This is a list of notable events in the history of LGBT rights that took place in the year 2007.


2007 in Laos
The following lists events that happened during 2007 in Laos.


2007 in Latin music
This is a list of notable events in Latin music (i.e. Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking music from Latin America, Latin Europe, and the United States) that took place in 2007.


2007 in Latin music, Best-selling records, Best-selling albums
The following is a list of the top 10 best-selling Latin albums in the United States in 2007, according to Billboard.


2007 in Latin music, Best-selling records, Best-performing songs
The following is a list of the top 10 best-performing Latin songs in the United States in 2007, according to Billboard.


2007 in Lebanon
The following lists events that happened in 2007 in Lebanon.


2007 in Libya
The following lists events that happened during 2007 in Libya.


2007 in Liechtenstein
The following lists events that happened in 2007 in Liechtenstein.


2007 in Luxembourg
The following lists events that happened during 2007 in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.


2007 in M-1 Global
The year 2007 is the 11th year in the history of M-1 Global, a mixed martial arts promotion based in Russia. In 2007 M-1 Global held 4 events beginning with, M-1 MFC: Russia vs. Korea.


2007 in M-1 Global, M-1 MFC: Russia vs. Korea
M-1 MFC: Russia vs. Korea was an event held on January 20, 2007 in Saint Petersburg, Russia.


2007 in M-1 Global, M-1 MFC: Northwest Championships
M-1 MFC: Northwest Championships was an event held on March 10, 2007 in Saint Petersburg, Russia.


2007 in M-1 Global, M-1 MFC: International Mix Fight
M-1 MFC: International Mix Fight was an event held on March 17, 2007 in Saint Petersburg, Russia.


2007 in M-1 Global, M-1 MFC: Battle on the Neva
M-1 MFC: Battle on the Neva was an event held on July 21, 2007 in Saint Petersburg, Russia.


2007 in Malaysia
This article lists important figures and events in Malaysian public affairs during the year 2007, together with births and deaths of notable Malaysians. 2007 marked 50 years of Malaysian independence.


2007 in Maximum Fighting Championship
The year 2007 is the 6th year in the history of the Maximum Fighting Championship, a mixed martial arts promotion based in Canada. In 2007 Maximum Fighting Championship held 5 events beginning with, MFC 11: Gridiron.


2007 in Maximum Fighting Championship, MFC 11: Gridiron
MFC 11: Gridiron was an event held on February 3, 2007 at the Shaw Conference Centre in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.


2007 in Maximum Fighting Championship, MFC: Unplugged 3
MFC: Unplugged 3 was an event held on April 20, 2007 at the River Cree Resort and Casino in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.


2007 in Maximum Fighting Championship, MFC 12: High Stakes
MFC 12: High Stakes was an event held on June 22, 2007 at the River Cree Resort and Casino in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.


2007 in Maximum Fighting Championship, MFC 13: Lucky 13
MFC 13: Lucky 13 was an event held on August 24, 2007 at the River Cree Resort and Casino in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.


2007 in Maximum Fighting Championship, MFC 14: High Rollers
MFC 14: High Rollers was an event held on November 23, 2007 at the River Cree Resort and Casino in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.