2006 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Newly named birds
An early Passeriformes Incertae Sedis, type species is Wi. weissi


2006 in paleontology, Synapsids, Mammals
A member of the family Oxyaenidae. Genus includes new species A. palustris. Subsequently, Solé, Gheerbrant & Godinot (2013) considered the genus Anthracoxyaena to be a junior synonym of the genus Arfia, though the authors maintained A. palustris as a distinct species within the latter genus.


2006 in paleontology, Synapsids, Mammals
A member of the family Hyopsodontidae. Genus includes new species A. confuciusi.


2006 in paleontology, Synapsids, Mammals
A member of the family Leptictidae. Genus includes new species A. mckennai.


2006 in paleontology, Synapsids, Mammals
A possible member of the family Archaeolambdidae. Genus includes new species C. wangzhaoi.


2006 in paleontology, Synapsids, Mammals
A member of the family Isectolophidae. Genus includes new species C. laoshanensis.


2006 in paleontology, Synapsids, Mammals
A possible member of the family Paromomyidae. Genus includes new species D. ambiguus.


2006 in paleontology, Synapsids, Mammals
A possible member of the family Amphilemuridae. Genus includes new species H. qiensis.


2006 in paleontology, Synapsids, Mammals
A member of the family Erinaceidae. Genus includes new species L. erinaceanus.


2006 in paleontology, Synapsids, Mammals
A member of Arctostylopida belonging to the family Arctostylopidae. Genus includes new species M. roboreus and M. rosella.


2006 in paleontology, Synapsids, Mammals
A member of the family Eomoropidae. Genus includes new species P. taishanensis.


2006 in paleontology, Synapsids, Mammals
A member of Tillodontia. Genus includes new species P. orientalis.


2006 in paleontology, Synapsids, Mammals
A member of the family Hyaenodontidae belonging to the subfamily Proviverrinae. Genus includes new species P. youngi.


2006 in paleontology, Synapsids, Mammals
A possible member of the family Amphilemuridae. Genus includes new species Q. schieboutae.


2006 in paleontology, Synapsids, Mammals
A member of the family Leptictidae. Genus includes new species S. simplus and S? stenotalus.


2006 in paleontology, Synapsids, Mammals
A member of Anagalida belonging to the family Pseudictopidae. Genus includes new species S. changleensis.


2006 in paleontology, Synapsids, Mammals
A possible member of the family Nyctitheriidae. Genus includes new species T. asiatica.


2006 in paleontology, Synapsids, Mammals
A member of the family Viverravidae. Genus includes new species V. vegetatus.


2006 in paleontology, Synapsids, Mammals
A member of the family Coryphodontidae. Genus includes new species W. xianwui.


2006 in paleontology, Synapsids, Mammals
A member of Suiformes of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species W. primiveris.


2006 in paleontology, Synapsids, Mammals
A member of the family Astigalidae. Genus includes new species Y. weifangensis.


2006 in paleontology, Synapsids, Mammals
A member of the family Miacidae. Genus includes new species Z. zetesios.


2006 in piracy, Events
The International Maritime Organization states that there were 20 pirate attacks in January 2006, although none were successful. The first quarter of 2006 saw 61 pirate attacks up from 56 the year before. One person was killed by pirates in the Philippines.


2006 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


2006 in poetry, Works published in English
Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:


2006 in poetry, Works published in English, New Zealand, Poets in Best New Zealand Poems
Poems from these 25 poets were selected by John Newton for Best New Zealand Poems 2015, published online this year:


2006 in poetry, Works published in English, United Kingdom, Poets included in New Writing 14
This book of British writing (Granta, ISBN 978-1-86207-850-5), edited by Lavinia Greenlaw and Helon Habila, contains short stories, essays and excerpts of novels in addition to poems by these poets:


2006 in poetry, Works published in English, United States, Poets included in The Best American Poetry 2006
Poets included in The Best American Poetry 2006, edited by David Lehman, co-edited this year by Billy Collins:


2006 in poetry, Works published in other languages
Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:


2006 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


2006 in politics
These are some of the notable events relating to politics in 2006.


2006 in professional wrestling
2006 in professional wrestling describes the year's events in the world of professional wrestling.


2006 in professional wrestling, Title changes, WWE
Raw and SmackDown each had a world championship, a secondary championship, and a tag team championship for male wrestlers. ECW only had a world championship. SmackDown also had a title for their cruiserweight wrestlers. There was only one women's championship and it was exclusive to Raw.


2006 in race walking
This page lists the World Best Year Performance in the year 2006 in both the men's and the women's race walking distances: 20 km and 50 km (outdoor). One of the main events during this season were the 2006 European Athletics Championships in Gothenburg, Sweden.


2006 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 2006.


2006 in rugby league
This article contains information on rugby league played in 2006. The season commenced with the World Club Challenge in England in February and concluded with the Tri-Nations Final in Australia in November.


2006 in rugby league, January, World Club Challenge
Bradford Bulls won the one-off match against Wests Tigers 30–10 at Galpharm Stadium, Huddersfield.


2006 in rugby league, February, National Rugby League trial matches, Week 2
South Sydney Rabbitohs and the St George Illawarra Dragons played their annual Charity Shield match. The Rabbitohs narrowly took the shield with a score of 14–12, while most of the Dragons' top grade players were being rested on the bench in preparation for weeks to come.


2006 in rugby league, May
12 - Dubbo, Australia: In the annual City vs Country Origin match, Country NSW defeated City NSW 12–10 at Apex Oval before a crowd of 11,423.


2006 in rugby league, Regular season matches, Super League XI
The Super League kicked off the weekend after the World Club Challenge with Hull F.C. defeating the newly promoted Castleford Tigers 42–18. This season saw the entry of Catalans Dragons, who are the first French team to compete since the demise of Paris Saint-Germain at the end of Super League II. The regular season would finish with St. Helens taking out the minor premiership and the Castleford Tigers being relegated to division one. The Super League Grand Final saw St. Helens claim a twelve championship with victory over Hull F.C. at Old Trafford in front of 73,000.


2006 in rugby league, Regular season matches, National Rugby League – Season 2006
The 99th season of first grade rugby league in Australia was controversial before competition even began. The New Zealand Warriors were fined and penalised four competition points for salary cap breaches in 2004 and 2005. They were fined, and started the season on −4 points. The season began on Friday, 10 March, when defending premiers Wests Tigers and early favourites St George Illawarra Dragons played at Telstra Stadium. Melbourne Storm won the Minor Premiership, however, lost to the Brisbane Broncos in the Grand Final in front of over 79,000.


2006 in rugby league, Regular season matches, Powergen Challenge Cup 2006
The Powergen Rugby League Challenge Cup is the most prestigious knock-out competition in the world of Rugby League and the 2006 competition saw over a hundred clubs competing from countries including England, France, Russia, Scotland and Wales. The final would see St. Helens take victory 41–12 over the Huddersfield Giants at Twickenham Stadium in front of 65,187.


2006 in rugby league, Regular season matches, UK National Leagues
The National Leagues kicked off on 7 April. There are three divisions, and the top team in National One has the opportunity to enter SuperLeague, subject to minimum standards.


2006 in rugby league, Regular season matches, AMNRL – Season 2006
The American National Rugby League kicked off on Wednesday 17 June with the Glen Mills Bulls defeating the Philadelphia Fight 48–26. This season saw the entry of three new competition teams the Jacksonville Axemen, New Haven Warriors and the Boston Braves. At the conclusion of the AMNRL regular season the Glen Mills Bulls won the Minor Premiership, however, lost to the Connecticut Wildcats in the Grand Final Championship match in front of over 2,500.


2006 in science
The year 2006 in science and technology involved some significant events.


2006 in spaceflight
This article outlines notable events occurring in 2006 in spaceflight, including major launches and EVAs. 2006 saw Brazil, Iran, and Sweden all get a national into space for the first time.


2006 in sports
2006 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.


2006 in sports, Mixed martial arts
The following is a list of major noteworthy MMA events during 2006 in chronological order.


2006 in sports, Mixed martial arts
The event featured Frank Shamrock in his first fight since March 2003.


2006 in sports, Mixed martial arts
Prior to this Overeem fought exclusively in Europe and Japan since 1999.


2006 in sports, Mixed martial arts
The event featured Bas Rutten's only fight after retiring in 1999.


2006 in sports, Mixed martial arts
Mirko Filipović becomes the Pride 2006 openweight Grand Prix champion.


2006 in sports, Mixed martial arts
The show was aired on Spike TV and received 5.7 million viewers.


2006 in sports, Mixed martial arts
Kazuo Misaki becomes the Pride 2006 welterweight Grand Prix champion.


2006 in sumo
The following are the events in professional sumo during 2006.


2006 in tennis
This page covers all the important events in the sport of tennis in 2006. Primarily, it provides the results of notable tournaments throughout the year on both the ATP and WTA Tours, the Davis Cup, and the Fed Cup.


2006 in tennis
Roger Federer triumphed in four top tennis contests in 2006: Wimbledon, the Australian Open, the US Open, and the Tennis Masters Cup. Amélie Mauresmo won at Wimbledon and the Australian Open; while Justine Henin-Hardenne won the French Open and the WTA Tour Championships. Other champions that year included Rafael Nadal in the French Open, and Maria Sharapova in the US Open. In international team competitions, the Russian men's team beat Argentina to win the Davis Cup, and the Italian women's team beat Belgium to win the Fed Cup.


2006 in the Central African Republic
The following lists events that happened during 2006 in the Central African Republic.


2006 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
The following lists events that happened during 2006 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.


2006 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Events, July 2006
Nikanor plc's stock listed on the London Stock Exchange's Alternative Investment Market. Initial public offering raises $400 million; capitalization reaches $1.5 billion. Beny Steinmetz owned 36%, Dan Gertler owned 15%.


2006 in the Gambia
The following lists events that happened during 2006 in the Gambia.


2006 in the Netherlands
This article lists some of the events that took place in the Netherlands in 2006.


2006 in the Palestinian territories
Meet me in the year 2006 in the Palestinian territories.


2006 in the Philippines
2006 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in the year 2006.


2006 in the Philippines, National holidays
The celebration of the holidays may be moved due to President Arroyo's "holiday economics" policy.


2006 in the Philippines, National holidays
Holidays in italics are "special days", while those in regular type are "regular holidays".


2006 in the Philippines, National holidays
In addition, several other places observe local holidays, such as the foundation of their town. These are also "special days".


2006 in the United Arab Emirates
The following lists events that happened during 2006 in the United Arab Emirates.


2006 in the decathlon
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by JJMC89 bot III (talk | contribs) at 21:10, 9 April 2020 (Moving Category:Years in the decathlon to Category:Decathlon by year per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Speedy). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


2006 in the decathlon
This page lists the World Best Year Performance in the year 2006 for the men's decathlon. The main event during this season was the 2006 European Championships in Gothenburg, Sweden. The competition started on 10 August and ended on 11 August. The main stadium for this 19th championship was the Stadium Ullevi.


2006 in the environment
This is a list of notable events relating to the environment in 2006. They relate to environmental law, conservation, environmentalism and environmental issues.


2006 in the sport of athletics
The following events in the sport of athletics took place in 2006:


2006 in the sport of athletics, Championships, World Athletics Tour
The World Athletics Tour is a tournament where athletes accumulate points from placing in designated meets throughout the season. The top-ranking athletes in each event are then allowed entry in the IAAF World Athletics Final.


2006 in the sport of athletics, Championships, World Athletics Tour
In 2006 the World Athletics Tour consisted of six IAAF Golden League meets (Oslo, Paris, Rome, Zurich, Brussels, Berlin), six Super Grand Prix meets (Doha, Athens, Lausanne, Stockholm, London (Crystal Palace), Monaco), twelve Grand Prix meets (Melbourne, Dakar, Osaka, Belém, Eugene, Hengelo, Ostrava, Gateshead, Madrid, Helsinki, Rieti, Zagreb) as well as 26 Area Permit Meetings all over the world. The World Athletics Final was held in Stuttgart, having been staged in Monaco the three previous years.


2006 in the sport of athletics, Championships, Challenges
In certain events that are not included in the World Athletics Final, currently race walking and combined events (formerly also cross-country running), distinct tournaments, named challenges, are being held. Similarly to the World Athletics Tour, the participating athletes accumulate points in designated meets, however in this case the final ranking is decided by the points table and not a conclusive meet.


2006 in the sport of athletics, Championships, Challenges
See IAAF World Race Walking Challenge and IAAF World Combined Events Challenge for the 2006 results.


2006 in the sport of athletics, Awards
At the 2006 World Athletics Gala in Monaco Asafa Powell and Sanya Richards were given the IAAF World Athlete of the Year awards for men and women respectively.


2006 in the sport of athletics, Awards
At the same time Liu Xiang and Meseret Defar were recognized with the Performance of the Year awards for men and women, for their new world records (see above). The Rising Star Award was given to Margus Hunt for his world junior records, and the Coaches’ Award was given to Woldemeskel Kostre of Ethiopia. Hicham El Guerrouj, Stefka Kostadinova and Jan Železný were presented Distinguished Career Awards.


2006 in video games
2006 saw the release of several sequels and prequels in video games, prominently including New Super Mario Bros, alongside many prominent new releases including Bully, Company of Heroes, Dead Rising, Gears of War, Just Cause, Lost Planet: Extreme Condition, Prey, Resistance: Fall of Man, Saints Row, Thrillville and Sonic the Hedgehog.


2006 in video games, Critically acclaimed titles
Metacritic (MC) and GameRankings (GR) are aggregators of video game journalism reviews.


2006 interim constitution of Thailand
The Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand (Interim), Buddhist Era 2549 (2006) (Thai: รัฐธรรมนูญแห่งราชอาณาจักรไทย (ฉบับชั่วคราว) พุทธศักราช 2549; RTGS: Ratthathammanun Haeng Ratcha-anachak Thai (Chabap Chua Khrao) Phutthasakkarat Song Phan Ha Roi Si Sip Kao) was an interim constitution of Thailand enacted to replace the 1997 Constitution which was repealed by the Council for Democratic Reform (CDR) after it seized power from the government of Thaksin Shinawatra in the 2006 Thailand coup.


2006 interim constitution of Thailand
Released on 27 September 2006 and promulgated on 1 October 2006, the Constitution allowed the junta to retain significant control over the appointed civilian government and the drafting of a permanent constitution. The CDR would be transformed into a permanent Council for National Security (CNS) and would appoint the head of the executive branch, the entire legislature, and the drafters of a permanent constitution. The Constitution made no mention of succession, instead leaving it to "constitutional practice." The draft came under strong public criticism as being a step backwards from the 1997 "People's Constitution". The constitution did not repeal junta bans restricting freedom of speech, assembly, and political activity; these bans were subsequently revoked by an act on 27 December 2006.


2006 interim constitution of Thailand
This interim constitution was replaced by the 2007 Constitution on 24 August 2007.


2006 interim constitution of Thailand, Drafting process
The junta appointed a legal panel to draft an interim charter. The team was led by former Senate speaker Meechai Ruchuphan, and originally included jurists Borwornsak Uwanno and Wissanu Krea-ngam. Both had played key roles in drafting the 1997 Constitution and had served under the deposed government, although they had resigned several months before the coup. Both resigned from the panel after public criticism that they were members of the ancien regime. Thammasat vice-rector Prinya Thewanaruemitkul harshly criticized the two, saying that they were "not honourable enough to look after the democratic system." Both refused to play any further role with the military junta. After the draft charter was promulgated, Meechai resigned as chief drafter; the junta appointed Jaran Pakdithanakul, former secretary to the Supreme Court president, as his replacement.


2006 interim constitution of Thailand, Key features
The draft interim charter had 39 articles. Structurally, the draft interim charter was similar to the 1991 Constitution, the 1976 Constitution, and the 1959 Charter, in that it stipulated an extremely powerful executive branch which would appoint the entire legislature. The charter:


2006 interim constitution of Thailand, Criticism
The draft interim charter met with harsh criticism. Key concerns included:


2006 interim constitution of Thailand, Criticism
Banjerd Singkhaneti, of Thammasat University, noted of the process for drafting a permanent constitution, "I think it will be a mess and the next constitution will be just that." Charoen Khumpeeraparp, of Silpakorn University, criticized the charter for protecting human rights according to commitments made under international treaties, claiming that it would not allow persecution of figures in the deposed government. Charoen claimed that no other countries let international commitments influence their local laws.


2006 interim constitution of Thailand, Criticism
However, the draft interim charter did call for one democratic innovation: it required that a permanent constitution would have to be ratified by public referendum. This innovation was suggested in the draft 1974 Constitution, but was rejected by the royally-appointed Constitutional Convention. Nonetheless, the referendum proposal too has been condemned, as if the draft is rejected then under section 32 of the interim charter it is returned to the junta, which will write a constitution of its own in consultation with the Council of Ministers.


2006 interim constitution of Thailand, Criticism
The interim charter was also criticized for being drafted without considering the views of the public. Meechai Ruchuphan, chief legal advisor for the junta, had earlier promised to heed opposing legal opinions. Komsan Phokong (Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University), Charoen Kampheeraphap (Silapakorn University), and Sasatra Toon (Rangsit University) had then sought and received the permission from the junta to present an alternative draft charter comprising 72 articles. "Meechai had promised to heed opposing legal opinions but failed to honour his word," Komsan said. Sasatra said Meechai acted like he was trying to perpetuate the power of the junta.


2006 interim constitution of Thailand, Criticism
On 28 September, 6 scholars from Chiang Mai University and Midnight University protested the draft interim charter by dressing in black and tearing a mock-up of the draft in a press conference. The 6 included historian Nidhi Eawseewong, Worawit Charoenlert, Somchai Preecha-silpakul, Chatchawan Boonpan, Kriengsak Chetwattanawanich and Somkiat Tangnamo. The  was later shut down in response.


2006 interim constitution of Thailand, Criticism
Thitinan Pongsudhirak of Chulalongkorn University noted that the charter was "alarming" and that "The problem for the military is that they are in deep now. They haven't done what they set out to do, which was to get rid of Thaksin, hand over power to a civilian government and step aside. They have not stepped aside."


2006 interim constitution of Thailand, Criticism
Suriyasai Katasila, a key member of the anti-Thaksin People's Alliance for Democracy, criticized the charter for not containing restrictions which would bar seats in the National Legislative Assembly from former members and affiliates of Thaksin's Thai Rak Thai party.


2006 interim constitution of Thailand, Criticism
Khomsan Phokhong, of Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, demanded greater public participation in the charter-drafting process as well as restrictions against participation by members and affiliates of the Thai Rak Thai party. Somkhid Lertphaithoon, Deputy Rector of Thammasat University, demanded that the junta directly appoint 100 members to the Constitution Drafting Assembly rather than rely on a 2000-member National Assembly. He also called the interim constitution the best of its kind although he was disappointed it did not include a mission statement.


2006 interim constitution of Thailand, Criticism
Somchai Siripreechakul, Dean of Law at Chiang Mai University, urged Prime Minister Surayud Chulanont to call a general election as soon as possible and hand the task of drafting a charter to the elected parliament.


2006 interim constitution of Thailand, Criticism
The International Herald Tribune noted that the interim charter "appears to buttress the military's role in Thai politics."


2006 interim constitution of Thailand, Criticism
Among human rights groups, the Hong Kong-based regional body the Asian Human Rights Commission has issued a series of statements condemning the interim charter as a work of "constitutional fiction".


2006 interim constitution of Thailand, Permanent constitution
In December, the 2,000-member junta-appointed National Assembly elected 200 of its members as candidates for the Constitution Drafting Assembly. The voting was fraught with irregularities. The candidate with the highest number of votes was Okas Tepalakul from Chachoengsao province, a virtually unknown car dealership owner who was a former classmate of junta-head Sonthi Boonyaratglin. BMW Thailand executive Pharani Leenuthapong received the second highest number of votes. The controversial selection also saw Suwit Pipatwilaikul, a little-known Nong Bua Lamphu construction contractor who received the third highest number of votes. There were no representatives of farmers or workers in the final selection.


2006 interim constitution of Thailand, Permanent constitution
Of the 200 final nominees, the nominee that received the lowest  number of votes received just 7 votes. Assembly-member Maj Pol Gen Krerk Kalayanimitr claimed that some votes may have been bought. Of the 200 nominees, 74 were public sector bureaucrats, 34 were academics, 38 were from the social sector, and 54 were from the private sector.


2006 interim constitution of Thailand, Permanent constitution
The voting itself was full of irregularities. Members were lobbied in front of toilets and many Assembly-members marked their ballots before entering the polling booths (Normally, voters are handed ballot papers only when they enter the booth). A soldier guarding the entrance to the Parliament stopped a woman carrying 400,000 baht in cash. She refused to say why she was carrying so much money.


2006 interim constitution of Thailand, Permanent constitution
In December, junta chief Sonthi Boonyaratglin issued several guidelines for the permanent constitution being drafted by the CNS's drafting body. These included:


2006 interim constitution of Thailand, Permanent constitution
Sonthi later denied dictating the content for the new constitution, but stated "We can't force them to do things but responsible people will know what the constitution should look like."


2006 murder of TRO workers in Sri Lanka
2006 murder of TRO workers refers to the incident of abduction of seven Tamils Rehabilitation Organisation (TRO) employees who were tortured and executed by the TMVP paramilitary group. One employee Premini Thanuskodi was gang raped and murdered.


2006 murder of TRO workers in Sri Lanka, Abduction
Seven TRO workers were abducted in two separate incident in January 2006 in Jaffna. The first incident happened when five workers were traveling from Batticalo to Kilinochchi. They were subjected to checks at the Sri Lanka Army checkpoint at Welikanda. At this point they noticed a white van behind them. After traveling a short distance from the checkpoint the workers were attacked by armed men in the white van. The assaulter then tied the workers and took them to a camp in the jungle. Three of the five abducted were released later. The next day another 15 workers were abducted 100 meters in front of the Walikanda checkpoint. 10 of the 15 abducted were released and were told to prepare the funeral rights for their colleges.


2006 murder of TRO workers in Sri Lanka, Reaction
The President of Sri Lanka has asked the security forces to speed up the investigation concerning the abduction of the TRO workers. He further asked to search the Walikanda area for the abducted. The government also denied any links to this abduction.


2006 murder of TRO workers in Sri Lanka, Reaction
Tamils Rehabilitation Organisation has alleged that their staff were abducted by the Karuna Group, a paramilitary organization which is believed to be working with the Sri Lankan Armed Forces. It further added that they have not received any reports or response from any investigating authorities.


2006 murder of TRO workers in Sri Lanka, Reaction
The Amnesty International has asked for the immediate release of these workers


2006 murder of TRO workers in Sri Lanka, Reaction
The former US Assistant Secretary of State for South and Central Asian Affairs, Christina Rocca, made an appeal for their release.


2006 murder of TRO workers in Sri Lanka, Reaction
The LTTE expressed concern over the abduction of the TRO workers.


2006 murder of TRO workers in Sri Lanka, Conflicting reports
UTHR reported that the LTTE had staged the abduction of the TRO workers but later said that they were not correct on this statement. However, TRO alleged that a government backed paramilitary was responsible for this abduction


2006 national road cycling championships
Most of the 2006 national road cycling championships took place in June, although there were a few exceptions such as the Australian and American championships which take place in January and September respectively.


2006 national road cycling championships, Jerseys
The winner of each national championship wears the national jersey in all their races for the next year in the respective discipline, apart from the World Championships. The jerseys tend to represent the countries' flag or use the colours from it.


2006 national road cycling championships, 2006 National Champions
Note: In some cases the U23 champion is the highest placed U23 rider in the elite men's race.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City
The 2006 nightlife legislation in New York City was enacted on August 23, 2006 in response to violent crime involving nightclubs in the New York City area. One of the first measures to come about was a three-point plan proposed by New York City Council Speaker Christine Quinn in her August 8, 2006 memorandum.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Background
In early 2006, a young child, Nixzmary Brown, 7, was murdered. It had occurred within a short time of another murder of a young criminology student. The recollection of Brown's murder was refocused in February, after another murder was brought to the New York City public's attention: the brutal torture, rape, and strangulation murder of Imette St. Guillen, 25, a John Jay College graduate student, whose killing and associated lurid details later captured the nation's attention. St. Guillen's murder, which was related to a bar and a bouncer with a criminal record, would strongly bring the public focus on New York City's nightlife. There were protests against The Falls bar, whose owner had lied to police, and initial discussion of nightlife followed.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Background
The June 18 murder of a 16-year-old student, Chanel Petro-Nixon, and the July 25 rape and murder of another student, 19-year-old Jennifer Moore, gave cause to public concern and the publication of the article series "Wasteland," which was written by the New York Post. A Post columnist, Andrea Peyser, speculated that the three murders were connected:


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Background
It's open season on young girls. An 18-year-old was found murdered this week in Jersey, allegedly by a man who took her from Manhattan after a night of underage clubbing. In February, graduate student Imette St. Guillen was taken from a SoHo bar and killed, allegedly by the bouncer. But the case of Chanel Petro-Nixon stands out for three reasons: She went missing in broad daylight, blocks from her house – not at night, coming out of a bar.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Background
Such articles discussed fake I.D. use, alcoholic drinking among underage teenagers, and discussion of New York City nightlife in general. Some of the Post articles mentioned accounts of gun-shooting violence involving bouncers. One such bouncer, Stephen Sakai, used a gun to kill some club patrons at Opus 22, which further brought the public's focus on nightlife and bouncers. Sakai was later convicted and sentenced to 90 years in prison.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Background
In November 2006, Sean Bell was shot and killed. All those incidents that were reported as occurring in bars and nightclubs would continue in 2007.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Background
In 2009, 17-year-old Nyasia Pryear-Yard, an honors student, was shot to death while attending a party at the Elks Plaza Club in Brooklyn. A suspected gang member, who investigators believe may belong to either the Bloods or the Crips, had brought a weapon past security. The family called for stricter safeguards for late-night parties.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Places, Columbia University
The Columbia Spectator noted that Radio Perfecto had closed but that the nearby Village Pourhouse had stayed open. The article noted the attempts to balance students, the local crowds of people, and neighborhood residents and the attempts made to update the security of area bars. The latter bar later closed as well.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Places, Chelsea nightclubs
The New York Post focused on 16-year-olds attending nightclubs, specifically in Chelsea, in the west of Manhattan. It was noted that it was very easy for teenagers to obtain fake ID cards. Several bar owners were interviewed on the problems of verifying the legitimacy of ID cards, as fake cards were very convincing in appearance; identity theft was also discussed.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Places, Chelsea nightclubs
The New York Times, in one article, called the nightclubs "playground[s]" fraught with dangers such as drunk young women leaving the clubs in the early morning hours.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Places, Chelsea nightclubs
Senator Nicholas Spano had scheduled a hearing on September 7, 2006 to discuss the existing liquor laws and how these laws were being enforced. The artie mentioned both Moore and St. Guillen. Spano discussed the Chelsea nightlife areas and the liquor laws and focused on underage drinkers. By September 2006, the Nightlife Summit had been discussed on one website catering to nightlife and on the City Council's website.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Places, Chelsea nightclubs
In the "Wasteland" series, one of the front-page headlines featured a photo of Jennifer Moore, juxtaposed with one showing a young teenage girl lying drunk on the sidewalk, along with a story on how commonly that occurred. One city block allegedly had 5000 young people entering a bar on that block every weekend night.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Places, Chelsea nightclubs
Councilwoman Melinda Katz sought to change the minimum age for entry into bars from 16 to 18. Ron Bookman, who represented the New York Nightlife Association, accused Katz of grandstanding and predicted that her legislation would never get beyond the draft stage. Bookman wanted all the legislators to attend the summit hearing in September 2006. He disagreed with the report's recommendations and felt that officials would use the recommendations to target bars unfairly. A later article also discussing underage drinking again mentioned murder victim Jennifer Moore.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Places, Chelsea nightclubs, Incidents
Scores West nightclub, on West 28th Street, reportedly had its liquor license suspended by the State Liquor Authority for allowing prostitution on its premises. Undercover policemen discovered women selling sex in the various club premises. Manhattan Supreme Court Justice Walter Tolub granted a stay of the SLA order, pulling the license of the club. Pending an appeal by the SLA, the club was allowed to continue to serve alcohol.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Places, Chelsea nightclubs, Incidents
A man was stabbed repeatedly by several women during a violent confrontation near the Vesta nightclub, on 29th Street and Eighth Avenue, on March 21, 2008. Possibly 30 people were involved in the incident, which resulted in the man being sent to the hospital in critical condition.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Places, Chelsea nightclubs, Incidents
Laura Garza, a 25‑year‑old, went missing on December 3, 2008. She had been last seen leaving a nightclub named Marquee at approximately 4:00 a.m., allegedly with a registered sex offender. In April 2010, the remains of Garza's body were found by the police.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Factors, Fake ID cards
Fake ID cards had been discussed in connection with Moore and her access to clubs, even before her death. Moore's death reportedly had little effect on teenagers' behavior, and the view of teenagers saw the clubs as "cool," the provocative clothing being worn by young women enhanced clubs' reputation. The Bergen Record stated:


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Factors, Fake ID cards
It's not that kids have never before tried to finesse their way past the bouncers at New York's downtown clubs for a night of fun and drink. It's been done a million times and all it took was borrowed credentials – or a forged license – in the wink-and-nod nighttown of Chelsea, the West Village and Tribeca.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Factors, Fake ID cards
The New York City Police Department, by 2007, had been focusing on fake ID. It arrested teenagers in Chelsea and padlocked Club Crobar, Pink Elephant, and Club Sol for numerous drug violations. It was backing laws proposed by the City Council that the police's powers. The police department wanted the New York City Council to give it expanded powers under the Nuisance Abatement Law, which would enable it to close businesses if violent crimes had been committed there and to close businesses that sell fake I.D. cards.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Factors, Fake ID cards
In March 2007, more legislation to enforce security and to prevent fake ID cards was being considered, and Mayor Bloomberg indicated that he would sign the bills. By October 2007, Quinn was backing a state lawmaker's proposal to revoke the alcohol licenses of establishments that served underage drinkers.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Factors, Fake ID cards
The New York Post also reported that it was easy to steal identities from the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles. There was much ease in obtaining such IDs, and Long Island state Senator Charles Fuschillo Jr., an anti-ID-theft crusader, was caught unaware of this fact. A DMV spokesman said there was no plan to stop the program or to make it more secure because duplicate licenses needed to be made for legitimate motorists and it was illegal to possess multiple people's driver's licenses in any case.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Factors, Fake ID cards
Democratic Queens Councilwoman Melinda Katz started drafting legislation on drinking. It would outlaw nightclubs from requiring patrons to purchase bottles of alcohol to guarantee seating. Eight out of the twelve clubs in and around Chelsea that were surveyed by Katz's staff imposed the "bottle service" requirement, including the club in which Moore had been seen.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Factors, Bouncers
Bouncers were also discussed as a possible factor to underage drinking. Bouncers are doormen and can decide whether people are allowed into a bar establishment. It was a factor in St. Guillen's murder. Sakai's firearm shooting of bar patrons was also discussed.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Factors, Bouncers
On November 14, 2007, it was reported that around the city, the bars were changing their regulations, based on City Council and Police recommendations.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Legislation and legal actions
Quinn followed up her initial August 8, 2006 memorandum with another one, calling for more safety and mentioning an upcoming Summit Meeting. The measures taken in the latter memorandum included the following:


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Legislation and legal actions
Spano scheduled a hearing for September 7, 2006 to discuss the existing liquor laws and how they were being enforced.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Legislation and legal actions
Later, a "Nightlife Summit" was held in St. Guillen's alma mater, John Jay College of Criminal Justice. Attendees included Quinn, who had organized the summit; Commissioner Kelly; John Feinblatt, Mayor Bloomberg's criminal-justice coordinator; David Rabin, president of the New York Nightlife Association and co-owner of Lotus; Nightlife Association founder, Andrew Raseij; and various club owners. They made the following points:


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Legislation and legal actions
However, Kelly was against the idea of using off-duty police because he had said again that it both was illegal and would breed corruption between the police and bar owners. Another opponent to the recommendation, Mayor Bloomberg's criminal-justice coordinator, John Feinblatt, said that "it violates the law." Rabin indicated that it did not have to be specifically a NYPD security detail but that security was urgently required.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Legislation and legal actions
Club owners also wanted Bloomberg to create an "Office of Nightclub Affairs" to operate as a liaison between the industry and government. It was mentioned that approximately 65 million people visit New York City bars and clubs each year, which created $10 billion profits for the city annually. Both parties in the discussions agreed that more action was needed to curb underage drinking, including the elimination of fake IDs and the raising the age limit  for bars and clubs.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Legislation and legal actions
There was also a discussion about creating a campaign to remind clubgoers to remain quiet when they left bars and to call the police if there is a safety issue. Some bar owners also complained that the smoking ban made it more difficult to keep the streets quiet at night. Quinn said:


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Legislation and legal actions
I know that we can make nightlife safer in the city of New York. We are not interested in putting the nightlife industry out of business in the city. In fact, when I met with Imette St. Guillen's mother, she made a point of the fact that that is not what she wants.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Legislation and legal actions
The council eventually introduced four pieces of legislation to help combat these problems, including Imette's Law, which required stronger background checks for bouncers. Among the legislative actions taken were the requirement of ID scanners, security cameras, and independent monitors to oversee problem establishments. It also enacted the following plan:


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Legislation and legal actions
Meanwhile, the murder of Moore put more focus on New York City's nightlife. Issues brought to the forefront of public thinking in that case were the underage drinking and fake identification cards that are obtained by teenagers illegally to obtain access to bars.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Legislation and legal actions, Immete's Law
On March 14, 2007, Boston Mayor Thomas Menino signed Imette's Law, named after St. Guillen, to make it mandatory for nightclub and bar owners to conduct criminal background checks on bouncers and to set up security video cameras outside the establishment. The law was proposed by Boston City Councilor Michael Flaherty and was passed unanimously. Imette's Law was also enacted in New York State.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Legislation and legal actions, New guideline book
A new guideline booklet, NYPD and Nightlife Association Announce "Best Practices, was unveiled on October 18, 2007. The voluntary rulebook included a 58-point security plan, drafted in part by the New York Nightlife Association, and was further recommended by Police Commissioner Ray Kelly and Speaker Quinn. Security measures included cameras outside nightclub bathrooms, a trained security guard for every 75 patrons, and weapons searches for everyone, including celebrities, entering the clubs. The new regulation resulted in stricter penalties for serving underage persons.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Legislation and legal actions, NYPD Club Enforcement Initiative
The Club Enforcement Initiative was created by the NYPD in response to what it referred to as "a series of high-profile and violent crimes against people who visited city nightclubs this year." The July 27 rape and murder of Jennifer Moore was mentioned. One article discussed the dangers of police work and undercover investigations. Bloomberg had met with Kelly and community leaders to discuss how undercover police had shot Sean Bell and two of his friends as they had celebrated his last night as a bachelor outside of the Kalua Cabaret strip club in Queens. Bell, who was unarmed, was set to marry later that day his high-school sweetheart and the mother of his two young daughters.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Legislation and legal actions, NYPD Club Enforcement Initiative
The Club Enforcement Initiative was later mentioned in an article discussing the impact and the changes in nightlife as well as the death of Bell. The article mentioned St. Guillen and Moore as well.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Legislation and legal actions, NYPD Club Enforcement Initiative
Chelsea residents were reportedly grateful for the increased police presence of the many local bars.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Legislation and legal actions, NYPD Club Enforcement Initiative
The Club Enforcement Unit also tried to close another club, Stereo, after a patron was shot. Four other clubs were said to have been breaking the new rules.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, Legislation and legal actions, ID scanners
In August 2006, the New York City Council started initiatives to correct the problems highlighted by the deaths of Moore and St. Guillen. There was also discussions about electronic ID scanners. Quinn reportedly threatened to revoke the licenses of bars and clubs without scanners.


2006 nightlife legislation in New York City, NYPD Safety Manual update
In September 2011, the NYPD Nightlife Association updated its Safety Manual Handbook. There is now a section on counterterrorism, after planned terrorist attacks on certain bars and clubs worldwide.


2006 protests in Hungary
The 2006 protests in Hungary were a series of anti-government protests triggered by the release of Hungarian Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány's  private speech in which he confessed that his Hungarian Socialist Party had lied to win the 2006 election, and had done nothing worth mentioning in the previous four years of governing. Most of the events took place in Budapest and other major cities between 17 September and 23 October. It was the first sustained protest in Hungary since 1989.


2006 protests in Hungary, Audio recording
On September 17, 2006, an audio recording surfaced from a closed-door MSZP meeting which was held on May 26, 2006, in which Hungarian Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány made a speech, notable for its obscene language, including the following excerpt (censored version):


2006 protests in Hungary, Audio recording
There is not much choice. There is not, because we screwed up. Not a little, a lot. No European country has done something as boneheaded as we have. Evidently, we lied throughout the last year-and-a-half, two years. It was totally clear that what we are saying is not true. You cannot quote any significant government measure we can be proud of, other than at the end we managed to bring the government back from the brink. Nothing. If we have to give account to the country about what we did for four years, then what do we say?


2006 protests in Hungary, Audio recording
Gyurcsány also said things which can be interpreted as admitting having called for clandestine media or private capital support.


2006 protests in Hungary, Audio recording
The Prime Minister confirmed the authenticity of the recording and uploaded its transcript on his blog, but remarked that "in a closed meeting a person speaks differently than in front of the cameras".


2006 protests in Hungary, Audio recording, First reactions
Late on Sunday, September 17, people gathered at the Parliament building demanding the PM should resign. By midnight, the number of demonstrators reached 2,000. A few hundred people went to the State President's residency but later returned. This spontaneous demonstration was entirely peaceful.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 1: Monday, September 18, 2006, Budapest, Civil unrest
On September 18, as a consequence of the audio recording and the unwillingness of the Prime Minister or his party to resign, a demonstration was held near the Hungarian Parliament. Approximately 40,000 protesters demanded the resignation of Gyurcsány and his party for lying throughout the term and then during the campaign to win the next election. The police deemed the demonstration legal, arguing that the rules applicable during the campaign period towards the upcoming municipal elections allow for such short-notice political meetings.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 1: Monday, September 18, 2006, Budapest, Riot and violence
After 23:00, a smaller group of the demonstrators tried to get into the Magyar Televízió public television building at Szabadság Tér (Liberty Square) to announce their demands on air. After they were not allowed to enter, a smaller group attacked the police forces. The riot police units which were intended to secure the building and the perimeter were ordered to disperse the crowd with tear gas and a water cannon. They blocked the main entrances but were unable to stop the attackers who could get inside the building.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 1: Monday, September 18, 2006, Budapest, Riot and violence
Some demonstrators became indignant at the authorities' resistance and were later joined by a group of enraged football ultras. A hardcore subgroup of them started to make repeated assaults in order to penetrate the defences and break into the building. The police retaliated, using tear gas and a water cannon. The crowd became enraged and attacked the police units by throwing cobblestones and debris (injuring 141 police officers), but they didn't attack the two drivers of the water cannon mobil. They also set several parked cars ablaze (which led to part of the building catching fire too) and eventually managed to enter the building, forcing the police back.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 1: Monday, September 18, 2006, Budapest, Riot and violence
The demonstrators managed to voice their demands, but since the television station had already ceased its transmission due to the riot, it was not aired live. The building was abandoned about 02:30 by the police. After that, the mob entered the premises. Some of the intruders merely took pictures of themselves and the scene, while others destroyed the dining room and the main hall of the building. The historical television technology exhibition was also demolished: valuable vintage equipment was smashed and techno-historical objects like vintage props were stolen, as were some expensive plasma TV sets. Arson was also reported. All these acts were aired and/or verified by reports from state television officials, police and media coverage.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 1: Monday, September 18, 2006, Budapest, Riot and violence
Police reinforcements arrived much later, and they managed to reclaim the building before dawn. Magyar Televízió resumed its transmission at 06:07. Over 150 people were injured, including 102 policemen. The property damage resulting from the fight is estimated to be over 230 million forints (about 800,000 EUR).


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 1: Monday, September 18, 2006, Other cities
In Miskolc on Monday (September 18), about 2,000 citizens protested on St. Stephen Square, where Árpád Miklós, chairman of the Hungarian Justice and Life Party's (MIÉP) county committee gave a speech, jokingly saying that Gyurcsány might as well join MIÉP as they had been calling Gyurcsány a liar for years, and now he himself had admitted to it, so they are on the same opinion now. People shouted anti-government remarks and sang the national anthem and the Szekler anthem, then marched to the nearby city hall. Later, at the proposal of the MIÉP chairman, they went to the Hungarian Socialist Party's (MSZP) headquarters on Corvin Street, which was secured by the police. Traffic was blocked by the demonstrators in parts of the inner city.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 1: Monday, September 18, 2006, Other cities
Also on Monday the Miskolc committee of opposition party Fidesz sent a press release to MTI (Hungarian News Agency) titled “One cannot build a city on lies” (a play on MSZP slogan We're building a brand new Miskolc which refers to the extensive downtown reconstruction program started by the party). In the press release, the committee declared that the seven members of parliament from MSZP's Miskolc committee, including Mayor Sándor Káli and deputy mayors Vilmos Fedor and Erika Szűcs must have known about Gyurcsány's lies, since all of them were present in Balatonőszöd and heard the Prime Minister's speech. Fidesz accused these members of parliament of becoming Gyurcsány's accomplices by keeping quiet.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 2: Tuesday, September 19, 2006, Budapest
In the evening a mostly peaceful demonstration took place at Kossuth Square, aside from demonstrators vandalizing a tram on the Square and a car in front of the Socialist Party's county headquarters.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 2: Tuesday, September 19, 2006, Budapest
Later that night in other parts of the city, including the areas near the headquarters of MSZP and the HQ of the public radio station, violence broke out again. Large numbers of riot troops were deployed along with mounted police and K-9 units, acting more systematically than before. The use of tear gas and water cannons with accompanying mounted assaults prevented another building siege. Other police units applied police batons and body force.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 2: Tuesday, September 19, 2006, Budapest
At 01:00 (Sep 20), about 3,000 protesters gathered at Blaha Lujza Square. The crowd demanded the departure of Prime Minister Gyurcsány. Protesters threw stones and debris at the police, set a police car ablaze and even tried to build barricades but repeated police movements forced them back. By 09:00, the streets were cleared and more than 90 troublemakers were arrested with over 50 people injured.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 2: Tuesday, September 19, 2006, Budapest
Most local media sources (including news television and news portals) covering the events referred to the attacking civilians as "troublemakers" or "rowdies", thus implying that these violent people were neither protesters nor peaceful civil demonstrators, but just a mob. The first rows of the masses were reported to behave aggressively, backed verbally by youngsters in the background. As opposed to the first night's siege, the crowd did not attack or hinder fire brigade and paramedics, but on one (probably unique) occasion it was observed that a mobster repeatedly kicked another civilian already lying on the ground. Live reports suggested that part of the mob also shouted claims that the violent acts were similar to those of the 1956 Revolution.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 2: Tuesday, September 19, 2006, Budapest
On the late night live talk show, Este (Evening), on the previously besieged MTV, Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány was faced with the consequences of his actions, and the protester's demands, when he read their petition which they managed to hand over the previous day. He replied that it was not just himself, but everybody who had lied, and he would not resign. He said he was committed to pushing through his austerity measures in any circumstances, without the possibility of even a minor change to it.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 2: Tuesday, September 19, 2006, Other cities
In Miskolc, policemen, including police captain Albert Pásztor, were already at St. Stephen Square when the demonstrations began at 17:00. People held banners saying "Our homeland is not a 'whore country'", (A hazánk nem egy "kurva ország") referring to the Gyurcsány talk. The demonstrators again went to the city hall, then to the MSZP office, where at the request of a university student, a speaker read the proclamation of the protest planned on September 21 against tuition fees (the introduction of which was one of the most controversial decisions of Gyurcsány's government). The national anthem and Szózat were sung both at the city hall and at the MSZP office, while demonstrators stood with their backs to the buildings. Demonstrators demanded that a declaration be read in a local TV station, but the station's manager refused.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 2: Tuesday, September 19, 2006, Other cities
In Szeged at 19:00, 500–600 people protested against Gyurcsány but, within a few minutes, there were already thousands of demonstrators marching from the city hall to Dóm tér (Cathedral Square). From there, they went to the Socialist Party's building, which was defended by the police. The demonstration was continued on Tuesday before the City Hall, where about 3,000 people demanded the government's resignation, new elections, and democracy. Police secured the City Hall and the regional offices of Hungarian Television and Hungarian Radio.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 2: Tuesday, September 19, 2006, Other cities
The county chairman of Jobbik, the organizer of the demonstration, stated that they wanted to achieve their goal – the resignation of Gyurcsány's government – through peaceful demonstrations, which would continue every evening until September 23, when they would hold a demonstration in Budapest.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 2: Tuesday, September 19, 2006, Other cities
In Eger about 1,000 citizens demonstrated, demanding that President Sólyom dissolve the National Assembly. Demonstrators also requested the city's Socialist mayor Imre Nagy to initiate Gyurcsány's dismissal.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 2: Tuesday, September 19, 2006, Romania
On Tuesday, several demonstrations of solidarity took place in Romania, in cities with a strong ethnic Hungarian population. In the evening, some 70 people took part in a peaceful candlelight vigil in Odorheiu Secuiesc (Hungarian: Székelyudvarhely). This event was organised by the Hungarian Civic Party, took place in a park in the city centre, and featured the reading of a declaration of solidarity with the non-violent protesters in Budapest. Protesters in Odorheiu Secuiesc also expressed their belief that the results of the 2004 referendum on dual citizenship in Hungary were fraudulent.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 2: Tuesday, September 19, 2006, Romania
When asked about protesting in front of the Hungarian consulate in Miercurea Ciuc (Hungarian: Csíkszereda), Magyar Civic Union president Jenő Szász said that this would be futile, that "Premier Gyurcsány must resign in Budapest and not in Csíkszereda".


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 3: Wednesday, September 20, 2006, Budapest
During the daytime the capital city was peaceful, though ruins and debris from the previous night's clash scenes reminded the citizens that the crisis was far from being over.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 3: Wednesday, September 20, 2006, Budapest
Daytime announcements from different political personalities all agreed that violence must be avoided and control must be maintained at all reasonable costs. Police leaders promised immediate, zero-tolerance reaction to any turmoil. Identification of violators and troublemakers went on all day by police, via analyzing news videos, and dedicated police/detective units made more than 100 arrests during the afternoon.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 3: Wednesday, September 20, 2006, Budapest
Riot police were also present at all important scenes, including Parliament, state public radio station, MSZP HQ, and they kept Szabadság Square (where the previously sieged state public television resides) tightly sealed. Nobody was allowed to enter the square except residents of its buildings, television staff and law enforcers. Police units were reinforced, equipped with new special full-size shields, steel helmets, bulletproof vests, and gas masks.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 3: Wednesday, September 20, 2006, Budapest
As night fell, reports came in of large scale purchasing of baseball bats at a sports warehouse. Later, a downtown restaurant was raided by the police because delivery of "long stick-like objects" was witnessed, but these turned out to be merely promotional umbrellas.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 3: Wednesday, September 20, 2006, Budapest
After 01:00, protesters began to gather on the Grand Boulevard (Nagykörút), around Nyugati Square and Oktogon Square. About 2,000 people began to walk along Andrássy Avenue, demanding the departure of Gyurcsány. This time there were no serious attacks against policemen or vandalism, but the troops soon stormed over the protesters and pursued them on the Grand Boulevard towards Nyugati Square and neighbouring streets. Cases of police brutality against peaceful protesters and passers-by were reported by eyewitnesses on Internet forums and articles.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 3: Wednesday, September 20, 2006, Budapest
Overall, this night was remarkably controlled by massive police presence and their rapid response, vandalism was mostly prevented and there were no reports of stone-throwing assault or arson. During the night, 62 persons were arrested, of which 55 persons are now in custody and charged with aggressive crimes, bringing the total arrests to over 200.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 3: Wednesday, September 20, 2006, Budapest
An article on the Hungarian news portal index.hu illustrated with photos the fact that the Lonsdale youth manifesto could be observed during the unrest.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 3: Wednesday, September 20, 2006, Other cities
Early on Wednesday the large window of the Socialist Party's office in Miskolc was smashed with a garbage can. Downtown, several MSZP placards of the upcoming local elections were vandalized. Late afternoon demonstrations started again on St. Stephen Square; police secured both the square and the MSZP office long before the demonstrators arrived. Speakers asked demonstrators to behave themselves and keep the demonstration peaceful. A student of the University of Miskolc informed the people that the university's student council withdrew its approval of the protest against tuition fees, but students would protest anyway.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 3: Wednesday, September 20, 2006, Other cities
In Debrecen the city's mayor Lajos Kósa (Fidesz) was taking an active part of the demonstrations; he supported his party's plans to keep a rally in Budapest on Saturday (the rally had been cancelled since), and heavily criticized Gábor Demszky, the mayor of Budapest for his perceived inactivity. ("It's possible Gábor Demszky doesn't feel Budapest his own and he thinks that he has nothing to do when such things happen in the capital, but Debrecen is another city, it has a local government which cares for the city.")


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 3: Wednesday, September 20, 2006, Other cities
He also asked the demonstrators not to attack the MSZP's county headquarters in the city, stating that the building is Debrecen's property and the party is only renting it. (A similar thing happened in Miskolc where a speaker jokingly mentioned that "we have the strength to break into the building, but we won't do it; that building will still be useful for something else.")


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 3: Wednesday, September 20, 2006, Other cities
A peaceful rally was held in the main square of Pécs.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 4: Thursday, September 21, 2006, Budapest
Peaceful demonstration went on, but people showed markedly less interest. The main opposition party, Fidesz has cancelled its planned rally previously announced for September 23, due to warnings of a possible attack. The demonstrators of Kossuth Square still lacked any serious political support. Police issued arrest warrants against several football ultras and other presumed troublemakers.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 4: Thursday, September 21, 2006, Budapest
A leader of a right-wing extremist demonstrator group announced in a local cable TV that he would take full responsibility for any future violence but his group planned no more attacks against the media.)


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 4: Thursday, September 21, 2006, Budapest
The day and night were quiet overall, but arson was reported when a district office of the Hungarian Socialist Party was set ablaze in Újpest (a district of Budapest). It was quickly extinguished.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 5: Friday, September 22, 2006, Budapest
The day passed peacefully. The Kossuth Square demonstration carried on, with 10,000 demonstrators in the evening, and featured several speeches. The demonstration was very well supported with food and on-location made meals. The Parliament-outsider right-wing Hungarian Justice and Life Party held its peaceful, speech-oriented rally under heavy police presence. Police leaders announced that they will maintain their alert at the same level as that of the previous days.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 5: Friday, September 22, 2006, Budapest
Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány made his official trip to Berlin, Germany today. He visited the X. International Bertelsmann Forum 2006 of the  where he also met the German Chancellor Angela Merkel. After the meeting Gyurcsány claimed that Merkel found his leaked speech to be brave. Later the Chancellor's office denied even mentioning the word "brave".


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 5: Friday, September 22, 2006, Other cities
In Miskolc demonstrations started on St. Stephen Square as usual, with fewer demonstrators than on previous days. The speaker informed demonstrators about the latest happenings countrywide, then exhorted people to demonstrate every evening at 18:00 on the main squares of cities until the government resigns. He also said that the fundraising to help those who are penalized for taking part in the demonstrations should be held in the whole country, not only in Miskolc.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 5: Friday, September 22, 2006, Other cities
The speaker mentioned that police officers informed him on Thursday that he will be held responsible for any atrocities committed in the city by the demonstrators; because of this he organized a committee of five people who will protect the demonstrators from provocators, remove the demonstrators who try to stir up trouble, and will try to prevent attacks against police officers.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 5: Friday, September 22, 2006, Other cities
The demonstrators took their usual route – first to City Hall Square, to the city hall and then to the Alliance of Free Democrats party's county office, where a high school teacher gave a speech comparing Gyurcsány's speech to "the opening of Pandora's box", then marched through Széchenyi Street towards MSZP's office, and later to Petőfi Square.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 5: Friday, September 22, 2006, Other cities
Only about 600 people took part in the demonstrations, which was planned to be very short this time, since the local football team, DVTK was playing against Vasas in the Diósgyőr district of the city and organizers didn't want football fans joining the demonstrators. The football match could also have been the reason for the low participation in the demonstration. Mentions were made about the demonstrations being continued on the weekend.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 5: Friday, September 22, 2006, Other cities
About 500 people were protesting in Debrecen, 500 in Szeged, 400 in Szécsény, 100–200 in Békéscsaba, 100–120 in Salgótarján, 50 in Nyíregyháza and smaller groups in several other towns.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 7: Sunday, September 24, 2006
According to MTI (Official Hungarian News Agency) the peaceful demonstration on Kossuth square continued with participation of 10,000 to 12,000. Hungary's newspapers have mixed views.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 8: Monday, September 25, 2006
Magyar Lobbi ("Hungarian Lobby"), an organisation of American and European professors and scientists of Hungarian origin, wrote a petition to President László Sólyom, demanding that he start a no-confidence provision against the government.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 8: Monday, September 25, 2006
Other associations and organisations (e.g. Új Magyarországért Egyesület, Védegylet) in their petitions given to the Civil Office of Parliament demanded starting a conventional assembly. One of these was written by Új Magyarországért Egyesület and signed by Farkas Bethlen, András Hargitay, András Kelemen, Imre Makovecz, Miklós Melocco, József V. Molnár, Lajos Papp, Imre Pozsgay, Mátyás Szűrös and László Tőkés.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 8: Monday, September 25, 2006
In the country and on Kossuth Square peaceful demonstrations continued, with about 300 participants in Miskolc, 400 in Szeged, 300 in Szekszárd, 4000 on Kossuth Square.


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 8: Monday, September 25, 2006
The protests also received international coverage – Jon Stewart referenced the audio recordings and the protests in The Daily Show, noting that "It must be nice to have a democracy so young and idealistic you can still be disappointed in it."


2006 protests in Hungary, Day 9: Tuesday, September 26, 2006
In an open letter published in the maverick newspaper Magyar Nemzet, several public-life people, including former Chairman of the National Bank of Hungary Péter Ákos Bod, former president Ferenc Mádl and ex-minister János Martonyi called Ferenc Gyurcsány to resign. Demonstrations continued.


2006 protests in Hungary, Influences on the 2006 municipal elections
On October 1, 2006 municipal elections were held in Hungary. In many cities, demonstrators urged people not to vote for the MSZP candidate. In its campaign leaflets and phone calls, Fidesz constantly referred to Gyurcsány's lies.


2006 protests in Hungary, Influences on the 2006 municipal elections
In response, Gyurcsány insisted in a speech he held in Szeged on September 15  that the local elections would have no bearing on his party staying in power, and "those who don't want a war between the government and the city should know whom to vote for". (He was catcalled.)


2006 protests in Hungary, Influences on the 2006 municipal elections
Turnout in the local elections was 53.1%, which was two points higher than in 2002  and the highest for municipal elections since the return to democracy in 1990. Opposition parties booked a clear victory in the elections for county and Budapest assemblies and in the mayoral elections in cities with county rights.


2006 protests in Hungary, Influences on the 2006 municipal elections
However, the polling firm Median opined that the scandal around Gyurcsány's lying had not affected the outcome of the elections as much as it was expected to, as support for MSZP had already hit an all-time low by early September. Moreover, in Budapest, Gábor Demszky was re-elected city mayor as SZDSZ/MSZP candidate, and the MSzP retained a plurality of district mayoralties.


2006 protests in Hungary, Influences on the 2006 municipal elections
For fuller detail about the results of the October 2006 local elections, see Elections in Hungary.


2006 protests in Hungary, Further demonstrations
Following the elections, demonstrations demanding the government's resignation continued in Budapest (every day until October 23) and in other cities (every week until winter).


2006 protests in Hungary, Monday, October 23, 2006
On the 50th anniversary of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, clashes between protesters and the police were reported. Mounted police charges, tear gas, rubber bullets, and water cannons were used to force back the crowd. Rubber bullets were frequently aimed head-high, causing a large number of injuries; a man lost the sight of one eye due to a rubber bullet.


2006 protests in Hungary, Monday, October 23, 2006
Events started at 02:00, when Chief of the Budapest Police Force Péter Gergényi decided – in opposition to previous agreements with demonstrators – to clear out Kossuth Square . The official justification was that the demonstrators "obstructed security checking of the square". (This was not completely true: hundreds of protesters left the square "extemporary" to make it easier for the police. Only a grim group of 10–20 demonstrators led by Ferdinánd "Satu" Lanczer stayed there. They were rounded up by police.) Most of the crowd stopped at Nádor Street. Gergényi declared the area an "operational zone"  and prohibited all demonstrations on the square and in its neighborhood "as long as necessary".


2006 protests in Hungary, Monday, October 23, 2006
Budapest Mayor Gábor Demszky declared he was not informed about these police actions and "at first glance" did not agree with them.


2006 protests in Hungary, Monday, October 23, 2006
Police say that no one was injured in this action, but MTI (the official Hungarian News Agency) reported "men with bloody heads". The peaceful demonstration ended for a while, with smaller (mainly verbal) incidents between police and protesters noted. The indignant crowd was not willing to end protesting; many of them wanted to go back when the security check was finished, but the police started to crowd them out. When this news spread, the crowd began to multiply.


2006 protests in Hungary, Monday, October 23, 2006
Near St. Stephen's Basilica people started to muster again in the morning. Some of them made anti-government signs in English and wanted to take part in the official celebration on Kossuth Square with them, but policemen prohibited it. Finally, the crowd began to march into Corvin Street, because there they could hold a minor, preannounced (and therefore "legal") celebration. The crowd grew, so Hír TV (News Television) reported ten thousand protesters according to "non-official police sources." The crowd could not decide what to do.


2006 protests in Hungary, Monday, October 23, 2006
Most of them shouted "Kossuth Square" and "Let's go, let's go," and after the celebration started off. On Alkotmány Street they clashed with police forces, which made them retreat to the Cathedral. At about 15:00, police started to dissipate the crowd with tear gas. Protesters acquired an unarmed T-34 tank (a part of the occasional local open-air exhibition) and used it in a charge. After only a few hundred meters the tank driver decided to stop, as he feared he would run over protesters. Its driver (said to be a veteran of 1956) was arrested, no serious damage was done.


2006 protests in Hungary, Monday, October 23, 2006
At Astoria a peaceful celebration of Fidesz started. Despite their readiness (during the previous few days, hundreds of policemen were called in from the country to the city), police did little to defend the crush of radical anti-government protests that took place only 300–500 metres away and pressed nearer and nearer by police's gas attacks in the wide Erzsébet Boulevard. That night and the next day many political analysts and congressmen brought up the idea that this police behaviour was not by chance. Fidesz celebration, with a participation of thousands, ended at 18:00. That crowd could not be disbanded at all when police started a horse assault on Deák Square protesters. They used gun shells too.


2006 protests in Hungary, Monday, October 23, 2006
Vandalism was reported on the side of protesters and police alike. Some vandals broke shop windows while many other protesters tried to prevent them. But evidences show that appearance of police was unprecedentedly brutal and disproportionate to the protest. The police shot gas grenades and rubber bullets in at head-height and didn't sort peaceful celebrants from protesters and provocateurs. Many peaceful passers-by were injured. The fact that police suddenly reduced public transport in many places and directly and indirectly detained celebrators from getting to monuments and protesters from escaping from hot places added to the growing chaos.


2006 protests in Hungary, Monday, October 23, 2006
There are lot of videos showing policemen, after tackling a demonstrator, kicking him. A detachment of policemen entered a bar on the Blaha Lujza Square, dragged out several customers on the street and subdued them violently, which included breaking the fingers of a handcuffed man, and shooting one in the back with a shot of rubber pellets point-blank. Policemen in most of the restaurants and pubs drove in guests (referring to safety risks) or drove them out (referring to that they search for radical demonstrators) and they used foul language. They mistreated not only demonstrators, but bypassers, ambulancemen, foreign tourists, and reporters. Even Parliamentarian Máriusz Révész was shot and beaten when he, showing his MP clearance in his hand, tried to protect their celebration from attacking police forces. They ill-treated Jesuit priest László Vértesaljai., as well as two other priests.


2006 protests in Hungary, Monday, October 23, 2006
The crowd escaped in the direction of the Danube River. In Ferenciek Square and on a bridge over the Danube they built barricades from everything they found (including building operations materials, signposts, iron police cordon elements, cars and buses). The number of injured people grew. Police broke the barricade on the bridge using a snow plow. The riots ended at dawn.


2006 protests in Hungary, Monday, October 23, 2006
128 people were reported injured, 19 of whom were policemen. At least two men were reported blinded in one eye from the rubber bullets.


2006 protests in Hungary, Monday, October 23, 2006
In the country (e.g. in Szombathely), demonstrations started against "police terror".


2006 protests in Hungary, Fidesz announces plans for November 4 demonstrations
On November 1, main opposition party Fidesz announced their plans to stage several large-scale demonstrations across Hungary on the anniversary of the Soviet suppression of the 1956 Revolution. The events were intended to serve be a memorial to the victims of the Soviet invasion and a protest against police brutality during the October 23 unrest in Budapest. There was a candlelight vigil march across Budapest on the 4th of November. Eventually the demonstrations petered out by the end of the year. The new round of demonstrations expected in the Spring of 2007 did not materialize.


2006 protests in Hungary, Aftermath
The official report on the demonstrations and the attacks on non-violent civilians came out in February 2007. The panel of experts, appointed by Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány, published a 263-page report on the riots which concluded that they were triggered in part by uncertainty about state reforms and exacerbated by the opposition party Fidesz's call for Gyurcsány to resign which represented an attempt to "overthrow" the government and "jeopardized parliamentary democracy." The commission further said that the use of force by the police was justified, but officers acted too aggressively.


2006 protests in Hungary, Aftermath
The commission recommended that (1) no amnesty be given to those serving sentences for violence during the riots, that (2) police be banned from using bullets to disperse crowds, that (3) only specially trained police be used for crowd control, and that (4) a 1989 law banning public gatherings near parliament and demonstrations lasting more than 24 hours be reinstated. A spokesman for Fidesz said the commission was biased in favor of the government.


2006 protests in Hungary, Aftermath
On 20 May 2007, Prime Minister Gyurcsány announced the resignations of Justice Minister József Petrétei, National Police Chief László Bene and Budapest Police Chief Péter Gergényi. Gyurcsány said the move is intended to restore public confidence in Hungary's police and justice systems. News stories attribute the move to recent police scandals and the cloud cast by the disproportionate use of force during the 2006 anti-government demonstrations.


2006 reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada
The table below lists the reasons delivered from the bench by the Supreme Court of Canada during 2006. A total of 59 judgments were published. The table illustrates what reasons were filed by each justice in each case, and which justices joined each reason. This list, however, does not include reasons on motions.


2006 reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada
The Globe and Mail remarked that this year was the lowest number of judgments released in at least 25 years. It was noted that this appears to be a part of a similar trend seen in the US Supreme Court and House of Lords.


2006 shelling of Beit Hanoun
The 2006 shelling of Beit Hanoun by the Israeli Defence Force (IDF) happened on 8 November, when shells hit a row of houses in the Gaza Strip town of Beit Hanoun, killing at least 19 Palestinians and wounding more than 40. The shelling followed the IDF's withdrawal from the Gaza Strip in completion of a week-long operation codenamed Operation "Autumn Clouds", which the Israeli government stated had been intended to stop the Qassam rocket attacks on Israel by Palestinian militants. The Israeli government apologized and attributed the incident to a technical malfunction.


2006 shelling of Beit Hanoun, Incident
Israel stated that the shelling was in response to a Qassam rocket attack from that location, possibly from a car driven into the area. According to the Israeli military, the artillery had misfired due to a malfunction of the guidance system. At least 40 people were wounded. Thirteen of the dead belonged to the same family.


2006 shelling of Beit Hanoun, United Nations investigation
On 15 November 2006, the United Nations Human Rights Council adopted resolution  which called for a fact-finding mission, consisting of Archbishop Desmond Tutu and Professor Christine Chinkin of the United Kingdom to travel to Beit Hanoun. The resolution was accepted by a wide margin, with only seven countries opposing and six abstaining.


2006 shelling of Beit Hanoun, United Nations investigation
In reaction to the resolution, the Foreign Affairs Minister of Israel released a statement noting that Israel had already expressed regret regarding the incident, decrying the UN's "ignoring of the ongoing terrorism against Israeli civilians by the Palestinian terrorist organizations", and expecting the UN "to show a more balanced and fairer approach toward Israel and not to automatically adopt any notion from those whose only desire is to discredit Israel."


2006 shelling of Beit Hanoun, United Nations investigation
On three occasions, the mission attempted to travel to Beit Hanoun via Israel. Each of these attempts was frustrated by the refusal of the Government of Israel to cooperate with the mission. The mission finally visited Beit Hanoun from 27 to 29 May 2008.


2006 shelling of Beit Hanoun, United Nations investigation
In its final report, the mission concluded that "[I]n the absence of a well-founded explanation from the Israeli military – who is in sole possession of the relevant facts – the mission must conclude that there is a possibility that the shelling of Beit Hanoun constituted a war crime."


2006 shelling of Beit Hanoun, United Nations investigation
Tutu has vigorously protested the overall response to the incident: "The right to life has been violated not just through the killings [in Beit Hanoun], but also through the lack of an adequate investigation of the killings."


2006 shelling of Beit Hanoun, Aftermath
Andrew Exum has stated that the Israeli military had a "long history of mistakes causing many civilian casualties." About the 2006 shelling, he said that: "it was found it was caused by a faulty programming card in a counter-battery radar system, called Shilem, designed to track an enemy projectile's trajectory back to its point of origin and direct artillery fire back at that spot.


2006 shelling of Beit Hanoun, Aftermath
The inquiry also found that the artillery crew had not recalibrated their weapons overnight and did not have spotters monitoring whether their fire was accurate, so 12 to 15 artillery shells were fired before it was realised they were hitting an apartment complex. It is not clear what changes the IDF made to its targeting methods as a result."


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines
The Philippines was under a state of emergency, announced by presidential spokesperson Ignacio Bunye on the morning of February 24, 2006, by the virtue of Proclamation No. 1017. This occurred after the government claimed that it foiled an alleged coup d'état attempt against the rule of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo earlier that same day. State security services also claimed that it had arrested a general who was involved in the coup attempt. President Arroyo lifted the state of emergency on March 3, 2006, by the virtue of Proclamation No. 1021.


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines
The state of national emergency also led to a temporary suspension of lower-level education classes and an immediate revocation on all licenses and permits to hold demonstrations and protests. The government also suspended all public activities on the same day and even on succeeding days. Under the provisions of the 1987 Constitution, the government was allowed at the moment to detain anyone indefinitely without the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus.


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines
President Arroyo assured Filipinos that the situation was under control and the state of emergency would not be abused.


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines
Arroyo had justified the declaration of a state of emergency with her statement of "clear and present danger to our Republic that we have discovered and thwarted." Critics claimed that this was an attempt by Arroyo to seize political power due to her sagging influence and popularity, and some drew similarities to the actions of her predecessor, Ferdinand Marcos, when he declared martial law in 1972.


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines
On March 3, 2006 (one week after the proclamation), by the virtue of Proclamation No. 1021, the President lifted the state of emergency.


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines, Previous incidents
The coup attempt follows the 2003 Oakwood mutiny where President Arroyo, certain members of her cabinet, and the military were charged with corruption and the Hello Garci scandal, where in 2004, Arroyo and certain election officials were charged with electoral fraud in the 2004 presidential elections.


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines, Previous incidents
This also comes after Executive Order No. 464, where the President forbade government officials under the Executive branch to attend Filipino Congressional hearings, and the Calibrated Pre-Emptive Response, where street protests were disallowed without securing a rally permit.


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines, Previous incidents
This has led to a drop at the president's popularity ratings from +28% right after EDSA II to -30% by December 2005.


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines, Timeline of events leading up to the proclamation
The coup was first reported when 14 junior military officers were arrested for plotting a coup on Wednesday, February 22. Around midnight of the 24th, many military vehicles were seen entering Fort Bonifacio in Taguig. Then, at 2:00 a.m., several more vehicles were seen entering Camp Aguinaldo on EDSA. Brigadier General Danilo D. Lim of the Scout Rangers was put under the custody of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines, Timeline of events leading up to the proclamation
Former President Joseph Estrada was awoken by the police around 3:00 a.m. in San Juan Medical Center because he was ordered return to his resthouse in Tanay, Rizal. He did not follow the request of the police, because it has no authority from the Sandiganbayan (the court which is trying his case). He said that "Magkakamatayan kami" (over my dead body). His eye operation succeeded despite the political unrest within Metro Manila.


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines, Timeline of events leading up to the proclamation
Hours later, large demonstrations were held at EDSA Shrine, the site of the first People Power movement in 1986. The Presidential Malacañang Palace has been heavily guarded since a lacquer thinner bomb exploded outside of the building on Thursday, February 23. The coup is part of a plot codenamed "Oplan HACKLE."


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines, Timeline of events leading up to the proclamation
Arroyo claimed that the coup was a plan between right-wing factions in the military and leftist anarchists, a highly questionable claim since it has been pointed out that both sides have fought each other in the past, and would make unlikely allies.


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines, Timeline of events leading up to the proclamation
By mid-morning, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo had declared a moratorium on all school activities from elementary to college level, issued through the Department of Education and the Commission on Higher Education. Around 11:25 a.m., Arroyo issued Proclamation No. 1017 on national television, which places the entire nation under a state of emergency in an attempt to quell the rebellion — many fear this step might eventually lead to the introduction of martial law. General Order No. 5 was issued by the President to implement Proclamation No. 1017. It orders the Armed Forces of the Philippines to "maintain the peace and order of the country and to protect it from terrorism or chaos."


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines, Timeline of events leading up to the proclamation
The Proclamation effectively cancelled all rally permits everywhere, and according to interpretations by the Arroyo administration, legalized arrest without a warrant.


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines, Events after the proclamation
The EDSA Shrine protesters were dispersed by the police by noontime. Some made their way to La Salle Green Hills, while others went to the annual wreath-laying ceremony at Ninoy Aquino's monument on Ayala Avenue in Makati, the metro's central business district.


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines, Events after the proclamation
On the other side of EDSA, protesters led by University of the Philippines Professor Randy David were violently dispersed by the security forces at the EDSA-Kamuning intersection. David and  Argee Guevarra were arrested and was charged with inciting to sedition in Camp Karingal in Quezon City. He was later released by nighttime, with all of the charges dropped. Ronald Llamas, a leader of the center-left of the Akbayan party, was arrested as well.


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines, Events after the proclamation
Around 3:30 p.m. demonstrators from different sectors gathered around at the Ninoy Aquino Monument in Makati to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the 1986 People Power Revolution. Prominent personalities like former President Corazon Aquino and her daughter Kris Aquino, Senate President Franklin Drilon, former Vice President Teofisto Guingona, Bishop Teodoro Bacani and Bishop Oscar Cruz, as well as other senators like Sen. Aquilino Pimentel, Jr. took part in this event. Protesters believed that Makati would be a safe gathering place because it is governed by Mayor Jejomar Binay who is an opposition leader.


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines, Events after the proclamation
However, numerous police personnel have been deployed in the area to control the situation. The traditional throwing of confetti was carried out by some building occupants and a helicopter. The rally concluded by a dispersal made by the Philippine National Police around 7:30 p.m. This is contrary to the statement of the police which said that the protesters "voluntarily" left the site where they held their protests.


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines, Events after the proclamation, Military movements
On the morning of February 26, 2006, the Armed Forces denied the text messages stating that there would be unusual military movements. Malacañang said that those statements who came from Mayor J. V. Ejercito of San Juan, Metro Manila are not true. Mayor Ejercito denied the information that came from Malacañang. Malacañang also said that there are no unauthorized troop movements.


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines, Events after the proclamation, Military movements, Fort Bonifacio crisis
At around 6:00 p.m. on 26 February 2006, Maj. Gen. Renato Miranda was either relieved from his position as Commandant of the Philippine Marines or was requested to resign. Philippine Navy Chief Vice Admiral Mateo Mayuga and Malacañang said that Miranda asked to be relieved for personal reasons, while others perceived it as his termination. He was replaced by Brig. Gen. Nelson Allaga as Acting Commandant of Philippine Marines.


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines, Events after the proclamation, Military movements, Fort Bonifacio crisis
Colonel Ariel Querubin protested these moves  by the Navy, and some marines went to the camp chapel of Fort Bonifacio to start a prayer vigil in protest that could have led to a "withdrawal of support." Presidential Chief-of-Staff Mike Defensor said the decision was within the military, thus Malacañang had no influence on the matter. He also said that media should not cover the events happening at Fort Bonifacio; major privately owned stations defied the suggestion and covered the situation.


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines, Events after the proclamation, Military movements, Fort Bonifacio crisis
The Armed Forces implemented countermeasures, such as blocking Lawton Avenue (the main road to the Fort) from possible protesters, turning off the lights in the Fort, and deploying loyalist troops. However, former President Corazon Aquino, former Vice President Teofisto Guingona, Jr., then-Senator Ramon Magsaysay, Jr., Representatives Benigno Aquino III and Imee Marcos, and De La Salle University President Bro. Armin Luistro, FSC, went to Fort Bonifacio with other prominent opposition members, but the Civil Disturbance Team arrived at 7:05 pm to control civilians. Civil society held their prayer vigils in front of the Fort, led by the La Salle Brothers.


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines, Events after the proclamation, Military movements, Fort Bonifacio crisis
That evening, Capt. Geronimo said that the crisis was over. The newly appointed Commandant of Philippine Marine Corps, Brig. Gen. Nelson Allaga, assumed control of all the marines, and Querubin was later discharged from the services, bidding his comrades goodbye in Marawi City. Brig. Gen. Allaga also announced their situation was over  and that the whole Philippine Marine Corps will still will follow the "chain of command"  despite earlier events. This decision came from a gentleman's agreement by officers to vote on whether or not to follow the chain of command, with a result of nine against six .


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines, Events after the proclamation, Military movements, Fort Bonifacio crisis
After the crisis, most people in front of Fort Bonifacio left, and as a response Malacañang suspended classes on all levels the following day,. Col. Querubin was relieved from his position as commander of the 1st Marine Brigade, with Lt. Col. Luisito Marcelino as his temporary replacement.


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines, Events after the proclamation, Arrests
After the Makati rally, the Department of Justice sued former Senator Gregorio Honasan, who had previously led coups against the Aquino government in the 1980s, along with the other six leaders of the RAM (Rebolusyonaryong Alyansang Makabansâ, "Nationalist Revolutionary Alliance"), for the 2003 Oakwood mutiny. On 25 February, ANAK-PAWIS Party-list Representative Crispín Beltrán was served a warrant for arrest and taken in for questioning under state of emergency laws for his alleged role in a 1985 coup against Ferdinand Marcos. This was considered a highly unusual and controversial move since the alleged crime was from twenty years prior. Beltrán responded, "They say this is just an invitation but I think this is an arrest. Warrantless arrest, I think there will be more to come." Beltrán underwent inquest by the police on Monday, 27 February, and was charged with "inciting to rebellion" and "conspiracy to commit rebellion."


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines, Events after the proclamation, Arrests
Police next unsuccessfully tried to arrest Bayan Muna Party-list Representative Satur Ocampo. The former chief of the Philippine Constabulary and former national security adviser to former President Fidel V. Ramos retired General Ramon Montaño, was also arrested by the police. He was charged with inciting sedition, while former Police General Rex Piad was also arrested, but it was later revealed that there was no evidence to support the act.


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines, Events after the proclamation, Arrests, "Batasan 5"
On that same day, the PNP–CIDG filed cases against 51 alleged communists, including five party-list representatives (Beltrán, Ocampo, Teodoro Casiño, Joel Virador and Liza Maza), to the DOJ in violation of Article 134, in relation to Article 135 of the Revised Penal Code (rebellion/insurrection). A panel of prosecutors were assigned to the group, dubbed the "Batasan 5", but this failed to find them guilty. Minority floor leader Rep. Francis Escudero of Sorsogon appealed to House Speaker José de Venecia to halt the arrests of congressmen during the state of emergency.


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines, Events after the proclamation, Arrests, "Batasan 5"
De Venecia assured protection for the members of the House, and offered his office and conference room as lodging. For 70 days, the five took refuge in the House of Representatives. On 11 May 11, the DOJ filed new charges against the Batasan 5 for plotting to instigate a rebellion on Labour Day.


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines, Events after the proclamation, Freedom of the press
During a state of emergency, the government could control public utilities, which includes media, according to the constitution. Gonzalez assured Filipinos that the government would not use these powers unnecessarily. However, there were reports that the Arroyo government suppressed the freedom of the press.


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines, Events after the proclamation, Freedom of the press
On February 25, 2006, the PNP–CIDG raided The Daily Tribune of alleged assistance to the leftist groups and rebel military groups.


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines, Events after the proclamation, Freedom of the press
There were also reports that the military surrounded ABS-CBN compound in Mother Ignacia, Diliman, Quezon City. However, they left the premises hours later.


2006 state of emergency in the Philippines, Events after the proclamation, Freedom of the press
Samahang Plaridel, National Union of Journalists of the Philippines, and Committee to Protect Journalists were all disappointed of Proclamation No. 1017, which, according to them, suppresses press freedom.