2005 Kyrgyz presidential election, Candidates
This followed an agreement with acting President Bakyiev, whereby Kulov would become Prime Minister should the interim leader win the election. Urmatbek Baryktabasov, a businessman from eastern Karakol, was refused registration for the election, after authorities cited his alleged Kazakh citizenship. More than 100 Kyrgyz protesters demanding his registration subsequently stormed Bishkek's main government building, occupying it for several hours.


2005 Kyrgyz presidential election, Candidates
Six candidates were registered: acting President Kurmanbek Bakiyev; businessman Akbaraly Aitikeev; ombudsman Tursunbai Bakir uulu; former Interior Minister Keneshbek Duishebaev; Democratic Movement of Kyrgyzstan head Jypar Jeksheev; and Non-governmental organization activist Toktaim Umetalieva. Former Jalalabad Province Governor Jusupbek Sharipov, a seventh candidate, withdrew from the race on 23 June. He said that he wished to support Bakiev-Kulov, and work towards national unity.


2005 Kyrgyz presidential election, Candidates
The candidates met each other in a series of televised head-to-head debates from 4 July, culminating in a gathering of all individuals on Friday 8 July.


2005 Kyrgyz presidential election, Conduct
Over 80 international organisations requested accreditation for the election including: Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (369 observers), Commonwealth of Independent States Mission (261), National Democratic Institution (32), “Future without corruption” PU (24), Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, International Democratic Institution, embassies and other organisations. In total, 810 observers and 187 foreign correspondents intend to cover the ballot.


2005 Kyrgyz presidential election, Conduct
The OSCE declared the process as "tangible progress toward meeting OSCE and other international commitments" in its internet press release the following day. However, election monitors observed a "small number of serious irregularities," particularly during vote counting. Kimmo Kiljunen, head of the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly delegation, told a news conference in Bishkek on 11 July. Representatives of the CIS-EMO however stated "It is impossible to say that the presidential elections in Kyrgyzstan were fair and met the international standards in full". The group had previously said that the disputed 2005 Kyrgyz parliamentary elections were "free and fair".


2005 Kyrgyz presidential election, Conduct
Maksim Maksimovich, the lawyer of former President Akayev, claimed he could not vote in Moscow because his name had not been included on a voter list. His daughter, Bermet Akaeva however voted without incident in Bishkek. She claimed to have voted for the candidate who would not lead the country into catastrophe, according to RIA-Novosti news agency.


2005 Kyrgyz presidential election, Results
With Bakiev expected to easily win, the authorities feared a low turnout. However by 17:00 (Bishkek time) the Central Election Commission declared that around 53 percent of voters had participated. The law states that one vote over 50 percent is needed for the election to be deemed valid. The preliminary results of the ballot show that after 1,967 polling stations out of 2,181 (90.19%) returned results Bakiev has secured a landslide.


2005 Kyrgyz presidential election, Aftermath
Bakiyev was sworn into office in Bishkek on 14 August.


2005 Kyrgyzstan Cup
The 2005 edition of the Kyrgyzstan Cup was the annual Kyrgyzstan football competition between domestic clubs.


2005 Kyrgyzstan Cup, Play-off round, First round
The first round matches were played on 17 April 2005.


2005 Kyrgyzstan Cup, Play-off round, Second round
The second round matches were played on 20 April 2005.


2005 Kyrgyzstan Cup, Play-off round, Second round
Byes: FK Batken, Metallurg Kadamjay, Alay Osh, Asyl Jalal-Abad, Shakhtyor Tash-Kömür.


2005 Kyrgyzstan Cup, Round of 16
The  Round of 16 matches were played between 2–11 May 2005.


2005 Kyrgyzstan Cup, Round of 16, Quarterfinals
The  Quarterfinals  matches was played between 17 May-1 June  2005.


2005 Kyrgyzstan Cup, Round of 16, Semifinals
The first legs was  played on 4 June, and the second legs was  played on 8 June  2005.


2005 Kyrgyzstan Cup, Round of 16, Finals
The final of the Kyrgyzstan Cup 2005 was held on 1 September 2005 at the  Spartak Stadium  in Bishkek.


2005 Kyrgyzstan League, Overview
It was contested by 8 teams, and Dordoi-Dynamo Naryn won the championship. Al Fagir Aravan withdrew after playing 4 matches and started playing at the Kyrgyzstan League Second Level. Remaining matches of the first quarter of the season were awarded 0-3 defeats against them


2005 Kyrgyzstan Second Level
League tables for the 2005 Kyrgyzstan League Second Level season.


2005 Kyrgyzstan Second Level, Southern Zone
Al Fagir started season in the Kyrgyzstan League but withdrew and subsequently entered Kyrgyzstan League Second Level, changing their name to Dinamo Aravan.


2005 LFF Lyga
Final tables of Lithuanian Championship of 2005 are presented below. The Lithuanian Football Federation (LFF) organized three football leagues: A Lyga (the highest), 1 Lyga (second-tier), and 2 Lyga (third-tier), which comprised three regional zones - one less than the previous season.


2005 LNBP season
The 2005 LNBP was the 6th season of the Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional, one of the professional basketball leagues of Mexico. It started on June 30, 2005 and ended on November 21, 2005. The league title was won by Halcones UV Xalapa, which defeated Lobos de la UAdeC in the championship series, 4–1.


2005 LNBP season, Format
20 teams participate. The teams are divided in two groups of 10 teams each, called Zonas (zones): Zona Norte (North) and Zona Sur (South). The first 8 teams in each group qualify for the playoffs. The group playoffs have quarterfinals (best-of-5), semifinals (best-of-7) and finals (best-of-7). The winner of each group series qualify for the championship series (best-of-7), named Campeón de Campeones (Champion of Champions).


2005 LNBP season, Regular season, Zona Norte standings
Note: the LNBP website calculates 59 points for Lobos Grises de la UAD.


2005 LNBP season, Playoffs
The playoffs were played between October 17 and November 21, 2005. The team seed is indicated after the team name. The winning team is bolded.


2005 LNBP season, Copa Independencia
The second edition of the Copa Independencia took place in September in Saltillo, and was played between the 8 best ranked teams at the end of the first part of the season (the first 4 ranked of each Zona). The competition was won by Lobos de la UAdeC (their second title), which defeated Correcaminos UAT Victoria in the final game, 101–83.


2005 LNBP season, All-Star Game
The 2005 LNBP All-Star Game was played in Veracruz at the Auditorio Benito Juárez on September 15, 2005. The game was played between a team of Mexican players (Mexicanos) and a team of foreign players (Extranjeros). The Foreigners won, 105–96.


2005 LPGA Championship
The 2005 LPGA Championship was the 51st LPGA Championship, played June 9–12 at Bulle Rock Golf Course in Havre de Grace, Maryland. This was the second of four major championships on the LPGA Tour in 2005.


2005 LPGA Championship
Two-time defending champion Annika Sörenstam won for the third consecutive year, three strokes ahead of runner-up Michelle Wie, a 15-year-old amateur. It was the ninth of Sörenstam's ten major titles, and was also consecutive major wins, as she won the Kraft Nabisco Championship by eleven strokes in March.


2005 LPGA Championship
Wie's inclusion created some controversy, as the event was traditionally for professionals only; she turned pro four months later in October.


2005 LPGA Championship
Starting with this edition, the LPGA Championship was played at Bulle Rock for five consecutive years, through 2009; the previous eleven were held in nearby Delaware at DuPont Country Club in Wilmington.


2005 LPGA Tour
The 2005 LPGA Tour was a series of weekly golf tournaments for elite female golfers from around the world which took place from February through December 2005. The tournaments were sanctioned by the United States-based Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA). Total prize money for all tournaments was $45,100,000.


2005 LPGA Tour
Annika Sörenstam dominated the Tour in 2005, winning ten tournaments, including two of the four major tournaments, winning more than $2 million in prize money for the fifth consecutive season. Five other players earned over $1 million. Players from South Korea continued to be a growing force on the Tour, with seven different Korean players winning tournaments, including the two majors not won by Sörenstam: Birdie Kim at the U.S. Women's Open and Jeong Jang at the Women's British Open


2005 LPGA Tour
For details of what happened in the main tournaments of the year see 2005 in golf.


2005 LPGA Tour, Tournament schedule and results
The number in parentheses after winners' names show the player's total number of official money, individual event wins on the LPGA Tour including that event.


2005 LPGA Tour, Award winners
The three competitive awards given out by the LPGA each year are:


2005 LSU Tigers football team
The 2005 LSU Tigers football team represented Louisiana State University in the 2005 NCAA Division I-A football season. Coached by Les Miles in his first season at LSU, the Tigers played their home games at Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Despite all of the distractions from Hurricane Katrina, LSU finished its season with an 11–2 record capped off by a 40–3 victory over No. 9 Miami in the 2005 Peach Bowl without starting quarterback JaMarcus Russell.


2005 La Conchita landslide
On January 10, 2005, a major landslide occurred in the town of La Conchita, California. The landslide killed 10 people, and destroyed or damaged dozens of houses. The landslide occurred on part of a previous landslide that occurred in 1995. The historic slides are part of the larger Rincon Mountain slide, which "started many thousands of years ago and will continue generating slides in the future."


2005 La Conchita landslide, Setting
La Conchita is a small community located on the southern California coastline between Ventura and Santa Barbara. It lies on a narrow strip of land about 250 meters (820 feet) wide between the shoreline and abutting a 180-meter (590 ft) high bluff. The top of the bluff is covered by avocado and citrus orchards. The bluff above La Conchita has a slope of approximately 35 degrees and consists of poorly cemented marine sediments.


2005 La Conchita landslide, Setting
Geologic evidence indicates that landslides have been occurring at and near La Conchita for many thousands of years up to the present, on a geologically frequent basis. Historical accounts support this. Reported landslides began in 1865. In both 1889 and 1909, the Southern Pacific rail line running along the coast was inundated. In the 1909 slide, a train was buried. Since that time, other slides have occurred, covering at times cultivated land, roadways, and the community itself.


2005 La Conchita landslide, 1995 La Conchita landslides
In 1994-1995, the seasonal rainfall at Ojai (20 kilometers (12 miles) northeast of La Conchita) from October 1 through March 3 (the day before the landslide occurred) was 761 millimeters (29.96 inches), approximately twice the normal amount.


2005 La Conchita landslide, 1995 La Conchita landslides
Surface cracks in the upper part of the slope were noted as far back as the summer of 1994. At the beginning of the rainy season, in December 1994, several open cracks had opened on the hillside, and surface runoff was infiltrating into the subsurface.


2005 La Conchita landslide, 1995 La Conchita landslides
On March 4, 1995, the hill behind La Conchita failed, moving tens of meters in minutes, and buried nine homes with no loss of life. The County of Ventura immediately declared the whole community a , imposing building restrictions on the community to restrict new construction.


2005 La Conchita landslide, 1995 La Conchita landslides
Days later, on March 10, a subsequent debris flow from a canyon to the northwest damaged five additional houses in the northwestern part of La Conchita. The dimensions of the slides were approximately 120 meters (390 feet) wide, 330 meters (1,080 ft) long, and 30 meters (98 ft) deep. The deposit covered approximately 4 hectares (9.9 acres), and the volume was estimated to be approximately 1.3 million cubic meters (1.7 million cubic yards) of sediment. The landslide slumped as a coherent mass of material.


2005 La Conchita landslide, 1995 La Conchita landslides
Based on the opinion that surface water infiltration from irrigation contributed to the landslide, seventy-one homeowners sued La Conchita Ranch Co. in Bateman v. La Conchita Ranch Co. The judge ruled that irrigation was not the major cause of the slide and that the ranch owners were not responsible.


2005 La Conchita landslide, 2005 La Conchita landslide
In 2005, an additional landslide occurred at the end of a 15–day period of near-record rainfall levels. From December 27, 2004, through January 10, 2005, the nearby city of Ventura received 378 millimeters (14.9 inches) of rainfall, only slightly less than its mean annual total of 390 millimeters (15.4 inches).


2005 La Conchita landslide, 2005 La Conchita landslide
The 2005 landslide involved few new materials and seems to have been a continuation of the original 1995 landslide. The landslide occurred after a 15-day period of unprecedented records of rainfall in Southern California. It is likely that the new rainfall did not enter the deposits left behind after the 1995 landslide, but slid off it taking surface debris and few new materials with it.


2005 La Conchita landslide, 2005 La Conchita landslide
On January 10, 2005, the southeastern portion of the 1995 landslide deposit failed, resulting in shallow, rapid fluid flow, unlike the 1995 landslide. The volume of the landslide was estimated to be approximately 200,000 cubic meters with a surface 350 meters (1,150 feet) long and 80–100 meters (260–330 ft) wide. The landslide destroyed 13 houses and severely damaged 23 others. There were 10 confirmed fatalities.


2005 La Conchita landslide, 2005 La Conchita landslide
Subsequently, residents formed the  to coordinate with government officials to determine the best way to protect the community. In March 2006, Governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger, allocated $667,000 for a scientific study to determine control measures to be taken to prevent future landslides.


2005 La Conchita landslide, 2005 La Conchita landslide
In 2008, family members of those killed and or who suffered loss of property in the 2005 La Conchita Landslide filed a lawsuit against the La Conchita Ranch Co., located at the top of slope. The Ranch was found 50% negligent because it did not provide for adequate drainage of its orchards during torrential rains and settled the suit. Three years after the 2005 landslide, the owners of an avocado ranch agreed to turn over all 700 acres of their land and other assets to settle the suit. The plaintiffs also sued the County of Ventura for damages, claiming that a wall that the County built at the base of the landslide caused or contributed to the landslide. Ultimately, the County prevailed against the plaintiffs on all claims.


2005 La Conchita landslide, 2005 La Conchita landslide
There is no reason to believe that landslides will not continue to threaten or impact La Conchita. Future landslide activity could occur in the areas of the 1995 and 2005 landslides or in other areas and could damage or destroy any or all of the developed area. The USGS report stated that "no part of the community can be considered safe from landslides."


2005 La Flèche Wallonne
These are the results for the 2005 edition of La Flèche Wallonne cycling classic, won by Danilo Di Luca from Italy.


2005 Labor Day brush fire
The Labor Day brush fire was a small brush fire that burned parts of Rancho Peñasquitos and Black Mountain Open Space Park in September 2005, during the 2005 California wildfire season. Despite its small size, the brush fire was the worst wildfire to affect San Diego City in two years, since the Cedar Fire of 2003. The wildfire resulted in 6 injuries, but did not result in structural damages. The brush fire was determined to have been started by a teenage boy, who was subsequently arrested.


2005 Labor Day brush fire, The fire
On Labor Day Monday, September 5, 2005, at around 12:55 PM PDT, at brush fire was reported in a field behind Mount Carmel High School, in Rancho Peñasquitos, San Diego. The wildfire quickly spread northward, fanned by wind gusts of 15 mph (24 km/h), up the slopes of the Little Black Mountains in Black Mountain Open Space Park. Within an hour, the brush fire grew from 30 acres (0 km2) to 200 acres (1 km2). The brush fire also began moving towards some nearby homes in Rancho Peñasquitos, resulting in the evacuation of 200 homes in Rancho Peñasquitos.


2005 Labor Day brush fire, The fire
This was the first time that a wildfire had burned into San Diego City, and the Rancho Peñasquitos area, since the Cedar Fire in 2003. In September 2005, this brush fire was said to have been "the worst fire that the [San Diego Fire Department] responded to since the Cedar Fire", due to the fire's proximity to so many homes. Firefighters were able to quickly stop the spread of the brush fire, with 40% containment of the fire by the evening of the same day, and residents were allowed to return to their homes that evening. Containment of the fire increased to 90% by Tuesday evening, on September 6. By September 7, the brush fire was fully extinguished.


2005 Labor Day brush fire, The fire
Six people were injured in relation to the brush fire; a traffic accident between an SUV and a firefighting vehicle sent 5 civilians to the hospital, and a firefighter was treated for heat exhaustion on September 5. The Labor Day brush fire was determined to have been caused by a teenage boy, who was arrested on charges of arson. His name was not released to the public, due to his age.


2005 Ladies European Tour
The 2005 Ladies European Tour was a series of golf tournaments for elite female golfers from around the world which took place from January through December 2005. The tournaments were sanctioned by the Ladies European Tour (LET).


2005 Ladies European Tour, Tournaments
The table below shows the 2005 schedule. The numbers in brackets after the winners' names show the number of career wins they had on the Ladies European Tour up to and including that event. This is only shown for members of the tour.


2005 Lafayette Leopards football team
The 2005 Lafayette Leopards football team represented Lafayette College in the 2005 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The team was led by Frank Tavani, in his sixth season as head coach.


2005 Lafayette Leopards football team
The Leopards played their home games at Fisher Field in Easton, Pennsylvania. All games were televised on the Lafayette Sports Network (LSN).


2005 Lake Tanganyika earthquake
The 2005 Lake Tanganyika earthquake occurred at 14:19:56 local time on 5 December with a moment magnitude of 6.8 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). The shock occurred along the East African Rift, an active continental rift zone in East Africa that is characterized by normal faulting, and initiated at a depth of 22 kilometers (14 mi).


2005 Lake Tanganyika earthquake
Early reports indicated that the heaviest damage was sustained by the eastern provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), a region already ravaged by extensive war and extreme poverty. The area houses tens of thousands of refugees displaced by conflicts, such as the Second Congo War and the Burundian Civil War, that have plagued the African Great Lakes in the 1990s and 2000s.


2005 Lake Tanganyika earthquake
Dozens of houses collapsed in the DRC city of Kalemie. A UN spokesman said that most of the casualties were caused by falling zinc or steel roofs.


2005 Lake Tanganyika earthquake
Depending on several factors including soil types, prevalent construction techniques and the acceleration from the earthquake itself, earthquakes with magnitudes in the 6–7 range may or may not cause wide spread damage. In East Africa such seismic events can wreak havoc. The quake was centred roughly below Lake Tanganyika and – in addition to the DRC, where the most widespread damage has been reported – it was felt in Burundi, Tanzania, Rwanda, and as far away as Mombasa, Kenya, and Luanda, Angola.


2005 Lancashire County Council election
Elections to Lancashire County Council were held on 5 May 2005, on the same day as the 2005 general election.


2005 Lancashire County Council election
Each single-member ward in Lancashire was modified by boundary changes. No elections were held in Blackpool or Blackburn as they are unitary authorities outside of the county boundaries.


2005 Lancashire County Council election, Result
The overall turnout was 60.48% with a total of 523,763 valid votes cast. A total of 4,385 ballots were rejected.


2005 Lancashire County Council election, Council composition
G - Green Party I - Independent IT - Idle Toad


2005 Langerado Music Festival
The third Langerado Music Festival was held on March 12 and March 13, 2005. This marked the first year of Langerado as a multi-day event and the debut of the festival at Markham Park in Sunrise, FL. Over 10,000 festival patrons attended the show in 2005. The 2005 Langerado was also the first time the event had multiple aftershows at various venues in the area, forming what came to be known as "Late-Night Langerado."


2005 Langerado Music Festival, Lineup
The artists that attended the festival included The String Cheese Incident, Medeski Martin & Wood, Toots & the Maytals, Keller Williams, Karl Denson's Tiny Universe, Michael Franti & Spearhead, De La Soul, Umphrey's McGee, MOFRO, Particle, the Dirty Dozen Brass Band, Soulive, Antibalas Afrobeat Orchestra, the New Deal, Robert Walter's 20th Congress, New Monsoon, Donavon Frankenreiter, the Benevento/Russo Duo, Kaki King, the Spam Allstars, the Hackensaw Boys, deSol, DJ Williams Projekt, Pencilgrass and the Wrinkle Neck Mules.


2005 Lao League, Overview
It was contested by 11 teams, and Vientiane FC won the championship.


2005 Lao League, League standings
Note: National Radio withdrew before the start of the season.


2005 Lao League, Relegation playoff
Vilakone FC and Kavin College FC were automatically promoted from Lao League 2. A play off was held between the third place team and the third bottom team in the top division.


2005 Larne Borough Council election
Elections to Larne Borough Council were held on 5 May 2005 on the same day as the other Northern Irish local government elections. The election used three district electoral areas to elect a total of 15 councillors.


2005 Larne Borough Council election, Districts results, Coast Road
2001: 2 x DUP, 1 x UUP, 1 x SDLP, 1 x Alliance2005: 2 x DUP, 1 x UUP, 1 x SDLP, 1 x Alliance2001-2005 Change: No change


2005 Larne Borough Council election, Districts results, Larne Lough
2001: 2 x DUP, 2 x UUP, 1 x Alliance2005: 2 x DUP, 2 x UUP, 1 x Alliance2001-2005 Change: No change


2005 Larne Borough Council election, Districts results, Larne Town
2001: 2 x Independent, 1 x DUP, 1 x SDLP, 1 x UUP2005: 2 x Independent, 1 x DUP, 1 x SDLP, 1 x UUP2001-2005 Change: No change


2005 Las Vegas Bowl
The  2005 Pioneer PureVision Las Vegas Bowl was the 14th edition of the annual college football bowl game. It featured the California Golden Bears and the BYU Cougars.


2005 Las Vegas Bowl, Game summary
Cal scored first on a 3-yard touchdown run by Marshawn Lynch to take a 7–0 lead with 11:56 left in the 1st quarter. He would finish the game with 194 yards rushing on 24 carries. Just 1 minute into the second quarter, BYU scored the equalizer, by a 19-yard touchdown pass from John Beck to Curtis Brown. Beck would finish the game 35 for 53 passing for 352 yards and 3 touchdowns.


2005 Las Vegas Bowl, Game summary
With 12 minutes left in the half, Marshawn Lynch found the end zone for the second time, scoring from 23 yards out. With 38 seconds left in the half, Naufahu Tahi punched it in from 3 yards out to help BYU tie the game at 14. It appeared as though the game would be tied at halftime, but Cal came back quickly. With just 3 seconds in the half, Steve Levy threw a 42-yard bomb to star receiver DeSean Jackson helping Cal take a 21–14 lead to intermission.


2005 Las Vegas Bowl, Game summary
In the third quarter, Marshawn Lynch scored on a long 35 yard touchdown run, as Cal increased its lead to 28–14 with 10:47 remaining in the third quarter. Cal appeared to blow the game wide open when Steve Levy and DeSean Jackson connected for the second time of the game, leading Cal to a 35–14 lead with only 4 minutes left in the third quarter.


2005 Las Vegas Bowl, Game summary
In the fourth quarter, BYU made a bit of a comeback, as John Beck threw a 7-yard touchdown pass to , cutting the lead to 35–21. With 5:35 left in the game, Beck threw a 9-yard touchdown pass to Todd Watkins, making it just 35–28. However, Cal was able to maintain that lead and win their first ever Las Vegas Bowl crown.


2005 Las Vegas Desert Classic
The 2005 Las Vegas Desert Classic was the 2005 edition of the Las Vegas Desert Classic darts tournament on 27 June until 3 July 2005. It was held at the MGM Grand Las Vegas, and was won by Phil Taylor.


2005 Las Vegas Gladiators season
The 2005 Las Vegas Gladiators season was the 9th season for the franchise. They finished at 8–8, 3rd in the Western Division. The Gladiators did not qualify for the playoffs.


2005 Las Vegas Gladiators season, Coaching
Ron James entered his first season as the head coach of the Gladiators.


2005 Latin Billboard Music Awards
Below are the winners of the 2005 Billboard Latin Music Awards. The 12th annual event was held April 28 at Florida's Miami Arena and broadcast live on the Telemundo network.


2005 Latin Billboard Music Awards
The Billboard Latin Music Awards honor the most popular albums, song, and performers in Latin music, as determined by the actual sales and radio airplay data that shapes Billboard's weekly charts during a one-year period from the issue dated Feb. 14, 2004, through this year's Feb. 5 issue.


2005 Latvian Higher League
The 2005 season in the Latvian Higher League, named Virslīga, was the 15th domestic football (soccer) competition since the Baltic nation gained independence from the Soviet Union on 6 September 1991. Eight teams competed in this edition, with FK Liepājas Metalurgs claiming the title.


2005 Laurence Olivier Awards
The 2005 Laurence Olivier Awards were held in 2005 in London celebrating excellence in West End theatre by the Society of London Theatre.


2005 Laurence Olivier Awards, Productions with multiple nominations and awards
The following 15 productions, including three operas, received multiple nominations:


2005 Laval municipal election
The 2005 Laval municipal election took place on November 6, 2005, to elect a mayor and city councillors in Laval, Quebec.


2005 Laval municipal election
Gilles Vaillancourt was elected to a fifth term as mayor, and his municipal party won every seat on city council. No other parties contested the election.


2005 Lazio regional election
The Lazio regional election of 2005 took place on 3–4 April 2005.


2005 Lazio regional election
Piero Marrazzo (Indep. The Olive Tree, The Union) defeated incumbent Francesco Storace (National Alliance, House of Freedoms).


2005 Lazio regional election
The defeat in Lazio for House of Freedoms was especially important as the centre-right expected to maintain control of the Region. Storace, a leading member in the centre-right, was subsequently granted the status of Minister of Public Health in Berlusconi III Cabinet.


2005 Lazio regional election
During the electoral campaign, Storace came out with factual evidence that Alessandra Mussolini's Social Alternative had added fake signatures to real ones to reach the minimum number needed to present a list. However, to demonstrate this, he had someone "hack" into the database of the municipality of Rome in order to verify the signatures: he was therefore nicknamed "Storhacker" by Mussolini. It also appeared that someone spied on the centre-left candidate Marrazzo. Storace however denied all the charges.


2005 Le Mans Endurance Series
The 2005 Le Mans Endurance Series was the second season of ACO's Le Mans Endurance Series. It is a series for Le Mans prototype and Grand Touring style cars broken into 4 classes: LMP1, LMP2, GT1, and GT2. It began on 17 April 2005 and ended on 13 November 2005 after 5 rounds.


2005 Le Mans Endurance Series, Teams Championships
Points are awarded to the top 8 finishers in the order of 10-8-6-5-4-3-2-1. Teams with multiple entries do not have their cars combined, each entry number is scored separately in the championship. Cars failing to complete 70% of the winner's distance are not awarded points.


2005 Le Mans Endurance Series, Teams Championships, GT1 Standings
† - #51 BMS Scuderia Italia won tie-breaker due to having more race wins.


2005 League of Ireland Cup
The League of Ireland Cup 2005 was the 32nd staging of the League of Ireland Cup.


2005 League of Ireland Cup
The 2005 League Cup kicked off in May. A representative team of the Mayo League joined the 22 league clubs in the draw. There were fourteen clubs drawn to face each other in the first round, with the rest given byes to the second round.


2005 League of Ireland First Division
The 2005 League of Ireland First Division season was the 21st season of the League of Ireland First Division.


2005 League of Ireland First Division, Overview
The First Division was contested by 10 teams and Sligo Rovers won the division, finishing two points clear of Dublin City. Each team played the other teams four times, totalling 36 games.


2005 League of Ireland First Division, Promotion/Relegation Play-off
Dublin City who finished second in the First Division played off against Shamrock Rovers who finished eleventh in the Premier Division.


2005 League of Ireland First Division, Promotion/Relegation Play-off
Dublin City win 3–2 on aggregate and are promoted to the Premier Division.


2005 League of Ireland Premier Division
The 2005 League of Ireland Premier Division was the 21st season of the League of Ireland Premier Division. The division was made up of 12 teams. Cork City were champions while Derry City finished as runners-up. This was the first time the title had been won by a club from outside County Dublin since 1996–97.


2005 League of Ireland Premier Division, Overview
The regular season began on 16 March and ended on 18 November. Each team played three rounds of games, totalling 33 games each. The season witnessed a decline in the fortunes of one of the League of Ireland's oldest surviving members. In April Shamrock Rovers entered examinership and it was revealed that the club had debts of nearly €3 million. It was also discovered that Rovers were not playing PAYE and PRSI. As a result of these financial irregularities, Rovers were deducted eight points.


2005 League of Ireland Premier Division, Overview
This ultimately resulted in the club being relegated to the First Division after they lost the relegation/promotion playoff to Dublin City. This was the first time Rovers' senior team had dropped out of the top level of the Republic of Ireland football league system since the club had joined the League of Ireland in 1922–23.


2005 League of Ireland Premier Division, Overview
Going into the final month of the league season only goal difference could separate leaders Cork City from second placed Derry City and title would be decided on the final day of the season when the two met at Turner's Cross on 18 November. Derry City went top of the table after Cork City's draw with Shelbourne the previous weekend. All they needed was a point to seal their first league title since 1996–97. Cork City started the better and nearly scored inside thirty seconds when John O'Flynn headed just over the crossbar.


2005 League of Ireland Premier Division, Overview
They were not to be denied however, and struck the deserved lead goal when O'Flynn headed home from a Roy O'Donovan cross. Cork City dominated the rest of the opening half but it seemed that the second killer goal would just not come. It eventually arrived in the 16th minute of the second half when Denis Behan set up Liam Kearney to score. Derry City never gave up, however, and were close to pulling a goal back but Michael Devine managed to pull off a fine save from a Pat McCourt header. It was to be Cork City's day, though, as they went on to see the match out and clinch their second league title.


2005 League of Ireland Premier Division, Promotion/Relegation Play-off
Shamrock Rovers who finished eleventh in the Premier Division played off against Dublin City who finished second in the First Division.


2005 League of Ireland Premier Division, Promotion/Relegation Play-off
Dublin City win 3–2 on aggregate and are promoted to the Premier Division.


2005 League of Ireland Premier Division, UEFA Coefficient
The League of Ireland Premier Division clubs' performances in Europe this season meant that the league received a coefficient of 1.833 added to their overall coefficient which now accumulated to 4.331. This gave them a ranking 40th place as shown.


2005 League of Ireland Premier Division, Prize Money
The prize funds for the season more than quadrupled. The top clubs also got a financial from the Setanta Cup. The following table shows how eircom League prize money was distributed for the season.


2005 League of Ireland Premier Division, Attendances
Attendance figures increased this season in relation to previous seasons. The total attendance over all competitions for the season was 520,000 - a 6% increase on the previous season. The highest league attendance of the season came at Turner's Cross for the title decider at the end of the season between Cork City and Derry City. 8,000 spectators were at the game.


2005 League of Ireland Premier Division, Media Coverage
The FAI agreed a new TV Rights deal for this season. This deal will run until 2009. The main terms of the agreement are:


2005 League of Ireland Premier Division, Media Coverage
TV viewing figures for the season proved to be in excess of 1 million. In the end 44 matches were televised live with the highest viewing figure of 355,000 for the league title decider.


2005 Lebanese general election
The 2005 Lebanese general elections were held in May and June 2005 to elect the 128 members of the Parliament of Lebanon. They were the second elections in thirty years without a Syrian military or intelligence presence in Lebanon. These elections were the first in Lebanese history to be won outright by a single electoral block and were also the first to be monitored by the United Nations.


2005 Lebanese general election, Results, First round
The first round was held on May 29, 2005 in Beirut. The Rafik Hariri Martyr List, a coalition of Saad Hariri's Current for the Future, the Progressive Socialist Party and other anti-Syrian parties, won all 19 seats. Saad Hariri is the son of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri who was assassinated in February 2005, in a car bombing in Beirut. The coalition left one seat free for a Shiite candidate from Hezbollah.


2005 Lebanese general election, Results, Second round
The second round was held on June 5 in South Lebanon and Nabatyeh Governorate. The Resistance and Development Bloc, a joint ticket by the  two main Shiite parties Amal and Hezbollah, in addition to Bahiya Al-Hariri, the sister of the assassinated late Prime Minister Rafic Al-Hariri and Oussama Saad from Sidon, won all 23 seats. Official tallies showed the Resistance and Development Bloc receiving more than 80% of the vote.


2005 Lebanese general election, Results, Third round
The third round was held on June 12 in Beqaa and Mount Lebanon. In Mount Lebanon the Hariri List won 17 seats, as did the Aoun Alliance, made up of Michel Aoun's Free Patriotic Movement and two smaller parties; Hezbollah won one. In Beqaa, the Resistance and Development Bloc won 11 seats, the Hariri List eight, and the Aoun Alliance four. Aoun re-stamped his authority as a major Christian leader on the political scene.


2005 Lebanese general election, Results, Fourth round
The fourth and final round was held on June 20 in North Governorate. The Hariri List won all 28 seats, giving them a total of 72 of the National Assembly's 128 seats.


2005 Lebanese general election, Turnout
In the first round of the elections, the turnout was only 28%. In the second round of the elections, the turnout was between 43 and 55%.


2005 Leeward Islands Junior Championships in Athletics
The 2005 Leeward Islands Junior Championships in Athletics took place on May 28–29, 2005. The event was held at the Yasco Sports Complex in St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda. A detailed report was published.


2005 Leeward Islands Junior Championships in Athletics
A total of 44 events were contested, 25 by boys and 19 by girls.


2005 Leeward Islands Junior Championships in Athletics, Medal summary
Complete results can be found on the Nevis Amateur Athletic Association webpage.


2005 Leeward Islands Junior Championships in Athletics, Medal summary, Boys (U-17)
* : The published times for the 1500 metre race are not reasonable. Might be intermediate results for 800 metres.


2005 Leeward Islands Junior Championships in Athletics, Medal table (unofficial)
The unofficial medal count (below) differs slightly from the published medal table.


2005 Leeward Islands Junior Championships in Athletics, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 109 athletes from 6 countries participated.


2005 Legg Mason Tennis Classic
The 2005 Legg Mason Tenis Classic was the 36th edition of this tennis tournament and was played on outdoor hard courts. The tournament was part of the International Series of the 2005 ATP Tour. It was held at the William H.G. FitzGerald Tennis Center in Washington, D.C. from August 1 through August 7, 2005.


2005 Legg Mason Tennis Classic, Finals, Doubles
Bob Bryan /  Mike Bryan defeated  Wayne Black /  Kevin Ullyett, 6–4, 6–2


2005 Legg Mason Tennis Classic – Doubles
Chris Haggard and Robbie Koenig were the defending champions. Haggard did not participate this year. Koenig partnered with Jim Thomas, losing in the first round.


2005 Legg Mason Tennis Classic – Doubles
Mike Bryan and Bob Bryan won in the final 6–4, 6–2, against Wayne Black and Kevin Ullyett.


2005 Legg Mason Tennis Classic – Singles
Lleyton Hewitt was the defending champion, but did not participate.


2005 Legg Mason Tennis Classic – Singles
Andy Roddick won in the final 7–5, 6–3, against James Blake.


2005 Lehigh Mountain Hawks football team
The 2005 Lehigh Mountain Hawks football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University during the 2005 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Lehigh finished third in the Patriot League.


2005 Lehigh Mountain Hawks football team
In their fifth and final year under head coach Pete Lembo, the Mountain Hawks compiled an 8–3 record. Mark Borda, Kaloma Cardwell, Anthony Graziani and Adam Selmasska were the team captains.


2005 Lehigh Mountain Hawks football team
The Mountain Hawks outscored opponents 399 to 228. Their 4–2 conference record placed third out of seven in the Patriot League.


2005 Lehigh Mountain Hawks football team
The Mountain Hawks were ranked No. 14 in the preseason Division I-AA national poll. They remained in the top 25, ranging as high as No. 11 and as low as No. 20, until the final week of the regular season. A loss to unranked archrival Lafayette dropped Lehigh out of the final poll.


2005 Lehigh Mountain Hawks football team
Lehigh played its home games at Goodman Stadium on the university's Goodman Campus in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.


2005 Leuwigajah landslide
The 2005 Leuwigajah landslide was a landslide that killed 143 people in Indonesia. The Leuwigajah landfill serving the cities of Cimahi and Bandung in West Java, Indonesia experienced a catastrophic garbage landslide on 21 February 2005 when the face of a large, almost-vertical garbage mound collapsed after days of rain. The slide tore through informal neighborhoods set up by individuals within the landfill for the purpose of collecting recyclables, where it killed 143 people and injured many more.


2005 Leuwigajah landslide, Leuwigajah landfill
Prior to the landslide the dumpsite had been the primary disposal zone for trash from Bandung and Cimahi. Bandung sent over 3400m3{\displaystyle 3400m^{3}} of trash to the site per day, while Cimahi added 400m3{\displaystyle 400m^{3}} and the residential District of Bandung adjacent to the dump added 750m^3 per day. Garbage had piled up in the dumpsite with a peak height of 70 meters.


2005 Leuwigajah landslide, Landslide
Two days of heavy rain had preceded the landslide, which would have loosened mounds of garbage already destabilized by human interaction. On 21st of February a large mound gave way  and traveled south-southwest for over one kilometer. Sudden releases of methane gas from the slide caused explosions. The slide moved parallel the communities of Cireundeu, which sat just southeast to the slide's point of origin, and Gunung Lentik.


2005 Leuwigajah landslide, Aftermath
The disaster brought heightened regional awareness to the danger of irresponsible waste management techniques. The City of Cimahi and the City and District of Bandung canceled their agreements to send their trash to the landfill service. In December 2014 a fatwa titled Waste Management to Counteract Environment Degredation [sic?] was issued by the Majelis Ulama Indonesia that cited the Leuwigajah disaster's victims from Cimahi as a primary motivation for preventative reforms.


2005 Lexmark Indy 300
The 2005 Lexmark Indy 300 was the twelfth and penultimate round of the 2005 Bridgestone Presents the Champ Car World Series Powered by Ford season, held on 22 October 2005 on the Surfers Paradise Street Circuit, Queensland, Australia. Sébastien Bourdais won the race and also clinched his second consecutive Champ Car championship. Oriol Servià earned his first and to date only pole position in his career. The race also marked the final career podium for 1996 CART champion Jimmy Vasser, who finished third running for his co-owned team PKV Racing.


2005 Lexus Cup
The 2005 Lexus Cup was the inaugural edition of the annual golf match competed by women representing Asia and an international squad. Each team was made up of twelve members. The competition took place at the Tanah Merah Country Club in Singapore from 9–11 December 2005. Lexus was he title sponsor while Rolex, DBS, Singapore Airlines, and Singapore Sports Council are main sponsors. The total purse was US$960,000, with $50,000 going to each member of the winning team and $30,000 to members of the other team.


2005 Lexus Cup
The International team won solidly in the first annual event, 16 points to 8.


2005 Lexus Cup, Teams
As in the similar team events of the Ryder Cup (USA vs. Europe men), Presidents Cup (USA vs. "International" men, i.e. rest of the world excluding Europe), and Solheim Cup (USA vs. Europe women), each team consisted of twelve players. Each captain appointed their remaining team members.


2005 Lexus Cup, Day one
Day one saw six foursome matches where each team put two golfers on the course for each match, with the two playing alternate shots. Asia won two early matches, but the Int'l team won the other four.


2005 Lexus Cup, Day two
The two teams matched up in four ball competition on day two. The international team won three matches to one, with two others being halved, to give them an 8 to 4 lead going into Sunday's singles.


2005 Lexus Cup, Day three
On day three, the international team won 8 singles matches to 4, for a final margin of 16 to 8.


2005 Liberian Premier League, Overview
It was contested by 8 teams, and Liberia Petroleum Refining Company Oilers won the championship.


2005 Liberian general election
General elections were held in Liberia on 11 October 2005, with a runoff election for the presidency held on 8 November. The presidency and all seats in the House of Representatives and Senate were up for election. The elections were the first held since 1997 and marked the end of the political transition following the second civil war, having been stipulated in the Accra Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2004. Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, former World Bank employee and Liberian finance minister, won the presidential contest and became the first democratically elected female African head of state in January 2006.


2005 Liberian general election, Background
Frances Johnson-Morris, the chairwoman of the National Elections Commission (NEC), announced the October 11 date on February 7, 2005.


2005 Liberian general election, Background
Elections were scheduled for all 64 seats in the House of Representatives, with each of Liberia's 15 counties having at least two seats and the remaining seats allotted proportionally based on voter registration. The Senate had 30 seats up for elections, with two from each county.


2005 Liberian general election, Presidential candidates
Prior to the election, former football star George Weah was considered by many to be the favorite, due at least partially to widespread dissatisfaction with Liberia's politicians. Weah, who had been the subject of a petition published in September 2004 urging him to run, announced his candidacy in mid-November 2004 and received a hero's welcome when he arrived in Monrovia later in the month. Weah won the first round of voting but lost in the November 8, 2005 run-off. He initially filed formal fraud charges, but subsequently dropped his allegations, citing the interests of peace.


2005 Liberian general election, Presidential candidates, Excluded candidates
The chairman of the transitional government, Gyude Bryant, and other members of the transitional government did not run, according to the terms of the peace deal.


2005 Liberian general election, Presidential candidates, Excluded candidates
On August 13, the election commission published a list of 22 presidential candidates who were cleared to run; six candidates were rejected, but Weah was cleared to stand despite complaints that he had adopted French citizenship. The Senate seats were contested by 206 candidates and the seats in the lower house were contested by 503 candidates. Campaigning for the elections began on August 15.


2005 Liberian general election, Presidential candidates, Excluded candidates
In late September, the Supreme Court ruled that two excluded presidential candidates, Marcus Jones and Cornelius Hunter, and an excluded legislative candidate could register to run; this ruling created the possibility that the elections would have to be postponed in order to reprint ballot papers. However, these candidates later withdrew their bids, so the elections went ahead on schedule on October 11.


2005 Liberian general election, Results, President
Voting took place in two rounds 11 October and 8 November. Twenty-two people contested the presidential race in the first round. George Weah, former soccer star and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, former World Bank employee and finance minister finished first and second, respectively and advanced to the second round run-off, which Johnson-Sirleaf won 59%-41%, according to the National Electoral Commission.


2005 Liberian general election, Results, President
Weah claimed election fraud, stating elections officials were stuffing ballot boxes in Johnson-Sirleaf's favor. Most elections observers, including those from the United Nations, the European Union and the Economic Community of West African States, say that the election was clean and transparent. The Carter Center observed "minor irregularities" but no major problems. Johnson-Sirleaf reminded the press that Weah has 72 hours to bring evidence of wrongdoing to her campaign according to Liberian law, calling the accusations "lies" and stating that Weah's supporters "just don't want a woman to be President in Africa."


2005 Liberian general election, Results, President
On December 22, 2005, Weah withdrew his protests, and in January, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf became the first democratically elected female Head of State in the history of the African Continent, and the first native female African head of state since Empress Zauditu, who ruled Ethiopia from 1916 to 1930.


2005 Liberian general election, Results, Senate
As no Senate existed prior to the elections, each voter was eligible to cast two ballots for different candidates. The two candidates with the highest number of votes in each county were elected. The candidate with the highest share of votes became the senior senator for the county, elected to a nine-year term. The candidate with the second-highest share became the junior senator, elected to a six-year term. This method was chosen in order to reintroduce a staggered electoral system.


2005 Liberty Bowl
The 2005 Liberty Bowl was a post-season college football bowl game between the Fresno State Bulldogs and the Tulsa Golden Hurricane played on December 31, 2005, at Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee. In a closely contested game that went back and forth, Tulsa defeated Fresno State, 31–24. It was the 47th time the Liberty Bowl had been played, and was the final game of the 2005 NCAA Division I-A football season for both teams. With sponsorship from AutoZone, the game was officially the AutoZone Liberty Bowl.


2005 Liberty Bowl
The game between the Conference USA (C-USA) champion Tulsa and Fresno State from the Western Athletic Conference (WAC) was played at neutral-site Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium (Tulsa was once a WAC member, but joined C-USA in 2005). Tulsa automatically qualified for the Liberty Bowl after defeating Central Florida in the C-USA Championship Game. Normally, Tulsa would have faced TCU, the Mountain West Conference champion, but the Liberty Bowl's tie-in with the Mountain West had ended after 2004 and TCU opted for the Houston Bowl. Instead, the bowl organizers invited Fresno State. Fresno's invite came on November 23, 2005, just days after it lost to the then-No. 1 USC Trojans, 50–42. This was Fresno State's first appearance in a bowl game east of the Mississippi River.


2005 Liberty Bowl, Game summary
Early in the first quarter Fresno State put together a long drive, going 54 yards in 15 plays. All but two of these plays were rushes, and none of the plays went for more than 8 yards. On the last play of the drive Fresno State faced 4th and 2 on Tulsa's 10-yard line but failed to convert, coming up empty-handed after eight minutes and 27 seconds. Tulsa was unable to capitalize on the stop and punted the ball away. Starting now from their own 46, Fresno State again drove 54 yards, this time with six plays in just under three minutes. Wendell Mathis ran the ball four times, finally scoring a touchdown on a 6-yard run putting Fresno State up 7-0.


2005 Liberty Bowl, Game summary
Tulsa came right back after Fresno State's score, moving the ball 74 yards in 3:20. The centerpiece of the drive was 22-yard touchdown run by Uril Parrish, tying the score at 7 early in the second quarter. Tulsa scored again at 8:15 on a 64-yard run by Tarrion Adams, which tied his season high against Memphis and put Tulsa up 14-7. Fresno State responded with another of its long drives, a 14-play 79-yarder capped by a 22-yard touchdown run by Bryson Sumlin, which tied the game at 14 with 1:13 left in the half. Tulsa, starting from its own 19, quickly moved the ball to Fresno State's 23-yard line, setting up a 41-yard field goal by Brad DeVault to end the half.


2005 Liberty Bowl, Game summary
Fresno State started the third quarter with a 36-yard kickoff return by Adam Jennings followed by a 24-yard run by Mathis placing them at Tulsa's 35-yard line. Quarterback Paul Pinegar completed a 20-yard pass to Jaron Fairman, putting them on Tulsa's 15. After this strong start, however, Fresno State could not convert and settled for a 27-yard field goal by Kyle Zimmerman, rather than risk the possibility of turning it over on downs as they had in the opening drive of the first quarter. The field goal tied the game at 17.


2005 Liberty Bowl, Game summary
The remainder of the third quarter was marked by missed opportunities and miscues. Fresno State kicker Zimmerman missed a 26-yard field goal. Tulsa QB Smith completed a 25-yard pass to Davis deep inside Fresno State territory, but Davis fumbled the ball. Fresno State took over, but QB Pinegar fumbled and recovered the ball on a 9-yard sack. The quarter ended at a 17-17 tie.


2005 Liberty Bowl, Game summary
To begin the fourth quarter Fresno State continued the drive which had begun on the Tulsa turnover, and scored less than a minute in on a 21-yard touchdown pass from Pinegar to Joe Fernandez, putting Fresno State up 24-17. After two inconclusive drives Tulsa scored on a 54-yard touchdown pass from Smith to Davis, tying the game at 24.


2005 Liberty Bowl, Game summary
Tulsa scored again late in the quarter on a 4-yard run by Smith, putting them up 31-24, while Fresno State's efforts were frustrated by two interceptions thrown by Pinegar, the second coming on Tulsa's 32-yard line with two minutes left in the game. Taking possession, Tulsa was able to run out the clock, winning 31-24.


2005 Liberty Bowl, Aftermath
Fresno State coach Pat Hill, after the loss to Tulsa.


2005 Liberty Bowl, Aftermath
Tulsa quarterback Paul Smith was named the bowl MVP. His 4-yard touchdown run proved the difference in the game and gave Tulsa its first bowl victory since 1991 Freedom Bowl, 14 years ago. The loss ended a three-year bowl winning streak for Fresno State, and frustrated Fresno State quarterback Paul Pinegar's attempt to be the first QB to go 4-0 in bowl games.


2005 Liberty Bowl, Aftermath
Several National Football League teams interviewed Fresno State coach Pat Hill during the off-season, but he elected to remain with Fresno State and received a contract extension through the end of 2010.


2005 Liberty Bowl, Aftermath
Tulsa head coach Steve Kragthorpe remained at Tulsa for one more season before departing to coach the University of Louisville. Immediately after the win defensive coordinator Todd Graham departed to become head coach at Rice. Just one year later Graham would return to Tulsa as head coach following Kragthorpe's departure.


2005 Liberty Bowl, Aftermath
The 2005 Liberty Bowl is the only edition to feature the Conference USA champion and a Western Athletic Conference team. Beginning with the 2006 Liberty Bowl, the Conference USA champion faced a team from the Southeastern Conference (SEC).


2005 Libyan Super Cup
The 2005 Libyan SuperCup took place between 2004-05 Libyan Premier League champions Al Ittihad and 2004-05 Libyan Cup runners-up Al Akhdar (as Al Ittihad had already won the Libyan Cup, Al Akhdar took their place in the final as runners-up). The match finished 1-0 to Al Ittihad. This was their 5th consecutive victory in the 9th edition of the Super Cup


2005 Liechtenstein constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum on the subject of abortion law was held in Liechtenstein on 27 November 2005. Voters were presented with a "For Life" proposal and a counterproposal by the Landtag. For the first time since 1925, a Landtag counterproposal was approved, whilst the "For Life" initiative was rejected.


2005 Liechtenstein constitutional referendum, Background
The "For Life" proposal was a citizen initiative, which called for a change to Article 14 of the constitution, with the aim of banning abortion. The article text would be changed from "The supreme task of the state is to promote the overall welfare of the People." to "The supreme task of the state is the protection of human life from conception to natural death and to promote the overall welfare of the People." The initiative collected 1,891 signatures collected between 24 June and 5 August 2005, of which 1,889 were ruled valid, exceeding the threshold of 1,500 required for an initiative to be considered by the Landtag.


2005 Liechtenstein constitutional referendum, Background
The Landtag voted on the proposal on 21 September, rejecting it by 23 to 2 votes. A counter-proposal developed by the Landtag was approved by 23–2. It involved adding two new sections to Article 27 of the constitution:


2005 Liechtenstein constitutional referendum, Background
As the proposal involved a constitutional amendment, a second reading was required. This was held on 28 September, when it was again passed by 23 votes to two. The government then set the date for the referendum.


2005 Liechtenstein general election
General elections were held in Liechtenstein on 13 March 2005. The result was a victory for the Progressive Citizens' Party, whose leader, Otmar Hasler, became Head of Government.


2005 Liga Deportiva Universitaria de Quito season
Liga Deportiva Universitaria de Quito's 2005 season was the club's 75th year of existence, the 52nd year in professional football, and the 44th in the top level of professional football in Ecuador.


2005 Liga Indonesia Premier Division
The 2005 Liga Indonesia Premier Division (also known as the Liga Djarum Indonesia for sponsorship reasons) was the 11th season of the Liga Indonesia Premier Division, the top Indonesian professional league for association football clubs.


2005 Liga Indonesia Premier Division, Relegation play-offs
Due to the forced relegation of Persebaya Surabaya, the bottom two teams from each division compete in the play-offs for the last remaining place in the 2006 season. All matches were held in Si Jalak Harupat Stadium.


2005 Liga Indonesia Premier Division, Awards, Top scorers
This is a list of the top scorers from the 2005 season.


2005 Liga Indonesia Premier Division Final
The 2005 Liga Indonesia Premier Division Final was a football match which was played on 25 September 2005 at Gelora Bung Karno Stadium in Jakarta. It was contested by Persija Jakarta and Persipura Jayapura to determine the winner of the 2005 Liga Indonesia Premier Division. Persipura won the match 3–2 after 120 minutes to claim their first-ever professional title.


2005 Liga de Fútbol Profesional Boliviano
The 2005 Liga de Fútbol Profesional Boliviano or the Torneo Adecuación was a professional football tournament played by clubs of Bolivia's first division. The purpose of the tournament was to adjust to the European calendar, which traditionally runs from August to May. Thus, this tournament was played from March to July 2005 to make way for the 2005–06 season to start in August 2005. The Torneo Adecuación champions were Bolívar. No relegation took place.


2005 Ligurian regional election
The Ligurian regional election of 2005 took place on 3–4 April 2005.


2005 Ligurian regional election
Claudio Burlando (Democrats of the Left, then Democratic Party) defeated incumbent Sandro Biasotti (an independent close to Forza Italia).


2005 Limavady Borough Council election
Elections to Limavady Borough Council were held on 5 May 2005 on the same day as the other Northern Irish local government elections. The election used three district electoral areas to elect a total of 15 councillors.


2005 Limavady Borough Council election, Districts results, Bellarena
2001: 2 x SDLP, 1 x DUP, 1 x UUP, 1 x Sinn Féin2005: 2 x Sinn Féin, 1 x DUP, 1 x SDLP, 1 x UUP2001-2005 Change: Sinn Féin gain from SDLP


2005 Limavady Borough Council election, Districts results, Benbradagh
2001: 3 x Sinn Féin, 1 x United Unionist, 1 x SDLP2005: 3 x Sinn Féin, 1 x United Unionist, 1 x SDLP2001-2005 Change: No change


2005 Limavady Borough Council election, Districts results, Limavady Town
2001: 2 x UUP, 1 x DUP, 1 x SDLP, 1 x Independent2005: 2 x DUP, 1 x UUP, 1 x Sinn Féin, 1 x SDLP2001-2005 Change: DUP and Sinn Féin gain from UUP and Independent


2005 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 2005 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 111th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.


2005 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
On 16 October 2005, Garryspillane won the championship after a 2-15 to 2-12 defeat of Kilmallock in the final. It remains their only championship title.


2005 Lincolnshire County Council election
The 2005 Lincolnshire County Council election was held on Thursday, 5 May 2005, the same day as the general election. The whole council of 77 members was up for election and the election resulted in the Conservative Party retaining control of the council, winning 45 seats.


2005 Lisburn City Council election
Elections to Lisburn City Council were held on 5 May 2005 on the same day as the other Northern Irish local government elections. The election used five district electoral areas to elect a total of 30 councillors.


2005 Lisburn City Council election, Districts results, Downshire
2001: 3 x UUP, 1 x DUP, 1 x Alliance2005: 2 x DUP, 2 x UUP, 1 x Alliance2001-2005 Change: DUP gain from UUP


2005 Lisburn City Council election, Districts results, Dunmurry Cross
2001: 4 x Sinn Féin, 2 x SDLP, 1 x UUP2005: 4 x Sinn Féin, 2 x SDLP, 1 x DUP2001-2005 Change: DUP gain from UUP


2005 Lisburn City Council election, Districts results, Killultagh
2001: 2 x UUP, 2 x DUP, 1 x SDLP2005: 3 x DUP, 1 x UUP, 1 x SDLP2001-2005 Change: DUP gain from UUP


2005 Lisburn City Council election, Districts results, Lisburn Town North
2001: 4 x UUP, 1 x Alliance, 1 x DUP, 1 x Independent2005: 3 x DUP, 3 x UUP, 1 x Alliance2001-2005 Change: DUP (two seats) gain from UUP and Independent


2005 Lisburn City Council election, Districts results, Lisburn Town South
2001: 3 x UUP, 1 x Alliance, 1 x UUP, 1 x Independent2005: 4 x DUP, 1 x UUP, 1 x Alliance2001-2005 Change: DUP (three seats) gain from UUP (two seats) and Independent


2005 Lithuanian Athletics Championships
The 82nd 2005 Lithuanian Athletics Championships were held in S. Darius and S. Girėnas Stadium, Kaunas on 8–9 July 2005.


2005 Little League World Series
The 2005 Little League World Series took place between August 19 and August 28 in South Williamsport, Pennsylvania. The West Oahu Little League of ʻEwa Beach, Hawaii, defeated the defending champion Pabao Little League of Willemstad, Curaçao, in the championship game of the 59th Little League World Series. This was the second time that the Little League World Series championship game was won with a walk-off home run, which Michael Memea hit in the bottom of the 7th inning.


2005 Little League World Series, Qualification
Between five and twelve teams take part in 16 regional qualification tournaments, which vary in format depending on region. In the United States, the qualification tournaments are in the same format as the Little League World Series itself: a round-robin tournament followed by an elimination round to determine the regional champion.


2005 Little League World Series, Results, Pool play
The top two teams in each pool moved on to their respective semifinals. The winners of each met on August 28 to play for the Little League world championship.


2005 Little League World Series, Notable players
Jurickson Profar (Willemstad, Curacao) - San Diego Padres - Infielder


2005 Little League World Series, Notable players
Max Moroff (Maitland, Florida) - Pittsburgh Pirates - Baseball - Infielder


2005 Little League World Series, Notable players
Andrew Stevenson (Lafayette, Louisiana) - Washington Nationals - Baseball - Outfielder


2005 Little League World Series, Notable players
Johnny Dee (Vista, California) - CB Sevilla - Basketball - Shortstop


2005 Little League World Series, Champion's path
According to the information provided at Unpage.com, the West Oahu LL won all ten of its games to reach the LLWS. In total, their record was 16–0.


2005 Little League World Series qualification
Qualification for the 2005 Little League World Series took place in eight United States regions and eight international regions from June through August 2005.


2005 Little League World Series qualification, United States, Great Lakes
The tournament took place in Indianapolis, Indiana from August 3–10.


2005 Little League World Series qualification, United States, Mid-Atlantic
The tournament took place in Bristol, Connecticut from August 6–15.


2005 Little League World Series qualification, United States, Midwest
The tournament took place in Indianapolis, Indiana from August 5–12.


2005 Little League World Series qualification, United States, New England
The tournament took place in Bristol, Connecticut from August 6–14.


2005 Little League World Series qualification, United States, Northwest
The tournament took place in San Bernardino, California on August 6–15.


2005 Little League World Series qualification, United States, Southeast
The tournament took place in St. Petersburg, Florida from August 6–12.


2005 Little League World Series qualification, United States, Southwest
The tournament took place in Waco, Texas from August 7–13.


2005 Little League World Series qualification, United States, West
The tournament took place in San Bernardino, California from August 6–14.


2005 Little League World Series qualification, International, Asia
The tournament took place in Fukuoka, Japan from July 23–29.


2005 Little League World Series qualification, International, Canada
The tournament took place in Timmins, Ontario from August 6–13.


2005 Little League World Series qualification, International, Caribbean
The tournament took place in Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands from July 24–30.


2005 Little League World Series qualification, International, Europe, Middle East & Africa
The tournament took place in Kutno, Poland from August 1–8.


2005 Little League World Series qualification, International, Latin America
The tournament took place in Maracaibo, Venezuela from July 10–16.


2005 Little League World Series qualification, International, Mexico
The tournament took place in Reynosa, Tamaulipas from July 23 to August 1.


2005 Little League World Series qualification, International, Pacific
The tournament took place in Fukuoka, Japan from July 23–29.


2005 Little League World Series qualification, International, Transatlantic
The tournament took place in Vilseck, Germany from August 1–8.


2005 Livingston by-election
The Livingston by-election, 2005 was triggered when Robin Cook, the Labour Party Member of Parliament for Livingston, in Scotland, died on 6 August 2005.


2005 Livingston by-election
Notice of the vacancy in the constituency was published in the London Gazette on 2 September 2005, which allowed the Speaker of the House of Commons to issue the writ for the election on 8 September under the Recess Elections Act 1975. The poll was held on 29 September, in the week of the Labour Party Conference, when the Labour candidate Jim Devine held the seat for his party.


2005 Livingston by-election
A by-election for the Glasgow Cathcart seat in the Scottish Parliament was also held on the same day.


2005 Livingston by-election, Reaction to results
Labour's retention of the seat, albeit with a reduced majority, was regarded by the party with satisfaction. The Scottish National Party was the only party to increase their vote from the general election, and although they did not win, they achieved a swing of 10% from Labour. The Liberal Democrats' share of the vote fell by 0.6%.


2005 Livingston by-election, Reaction to results
There was a swing from Labour to Conservatives of 3%, but given the fourth-place position of the Conservative Party in this seat, and their third-place position in Scotland, the significance of this is debatable.


2005 Livingston by-election, Reaction to results
In 2007 Angela Constance gained the Livingston seat in the Scottish Parliament (which has slightly different boundaries) from Labour.


2005 Liège–Bastogne–Liège
The 2005 Liège–Bastogne–Liège was the 91st edition of the Liège–Bastogne–Liège, one of the five monuments of cycling. Alexander Vinokourov was able to beat Jens Voigt after they had broken away from the pack 72 km from the end. Michael Boogerd took the last spot on the podium after countering an attack from Cadel Evans on the final climb of the day.


2005 Logan Airport runway incursion
The 2005 Logan Airport runway incursion was a runway incursion incident and near collision that occurred at approximately 7:40 p.m. EDT on June 9, 2005 between US Airways Flight 1170 (US1170) and Aer Lingus Flight 132 (EI132). EI132 was an Airbus A330-300 aircraft, owned and operated by the Irish airline Aer Lingus, destined for Shannon, Ireland and carrying 12 crew members and 260 passengers. US1170 was a Boeing 737-300 US Airways flight destined for Philadelphia and carrying six crew members and 103 passengers. The near-collision took place on the runway at General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport (BOS) in Boston, Massachusetts. In total, 381 people were on board the two aircraft.


2005 Logan Airport runway incursion, Incident
To reduce radio congestion and consequences resulting from pilot or controller error, airports with a large number of operations will typically split the tower (local) controller into two or more positions. This was the case on the evening of June 9, 2005 when the two incident flights were handled by different controllers. The local control west controller was responsible for Aer Lingus Flight 132 and the local control east controller was responsible for US Airways Flight 1170.


2005 Logan Airport runway incursion, Incident
At 19:39:10, Aer Lingus Flight 132 was cleared for takeoff from Runway 15R by local control west. Five seconds later, local control east cleared US Airways Flight 1170 for takeoff from Runway 9, which intersects with Runway 15R; the aircraft had essentially been sent on a collision course. With the airport terminals between the two aircraft as the takeoffs began, the flight crews could not initially see each other.


2005 Logan Airport runway incursion, Incident
During the takeoff roll, the US Airways first officer noticed the other plane and realized that they could collide. He realized that at the runway intersection both aircraft would be slightly airborne. Telling the captain to "keep it down," he pushed the control column forward. He was able to keep the aircraft from lifting off the runway, allowing it to reach the intersection and pass under the other aircraft as it took off. The two planes passed within an estimated 70 feet (21 m) of one another, with the Aer Lingus aircraft flying over the US Airways aircraft. According to the NTSB report, the US Airways flight had already achieved its V1 speed and could no longer safely abort takeoff. Therefore, the flight crew continued down the runway and lifted off after passing through the intersection.


2005 Logan Airport runway incursion, Superior Airmanship Award
US Airways captain Henry Jones and first officer Jim Dannahower were later awarded a Superior Airmanship Award from the Air Line Pilots Association (ALPA) for their quick reactions and expert adjustment of their takeoff maneuver.


2005 Logan Airport runway incursion, Probable cause
The NTSB completed its investigation and found that the east tower controller had given the west tower controller permission for the Aer Lingus to depart on 15R. While coordinating other traffic, he forgot about releasing that aircraft and cleared the US Airways flight for takeoff. Local procedures required the east controller to wait until the departure on 15R had passed through the intersection before clearing the aircraft on Runway 9 for takeoff. The NTSB reported that the probable cause of the incident was that the east local controller failed to follow FAA Order 7110.65 and local procedures, which resulted in a runway incursion.


2005 Logan Airport runway incursion, Probable cause
After the incident, the Boston tower changed its procedures so that only the west local controller may initiate a departure on the crossing Runway 15R, and that once the east controller accepts the release, the aircraft must be cleared for takeoff within five seconds. Further, to reduce the chance of this type of incident happening again, aircraft must not be held on Runway 9 waiting for their takeoff clearance while there is a departure on 15R. Once the departure has cleared the intersection, local west must inform the east controller that the intersection has been cleared.


2005 Loganair Islander accident
On 15 March 2005, a Britten-Norman Islander air ambulance, operated by Loganair, crashed off the coast of Scotland, killing both people on board.


2005 Loganair Islander accident
The aircraft was en route to Campbeltown Airport in Argyll, Scotland, to pick up a ten-year-old boy with acute abdominal pain, suspected to be appendicitis. After a flight that included many navigational irregularities, the pilot was flying the normal approach, which took the aircraft out to sea before turning back toward the airport. The pilot informed controllers that he had completed the turn, and that was the last transmission received from the aircraft. Investigators conclude the aircraft hit the water a few seconds after that transmission.


2005 Loganair Islander accident
Both occupants of the aircraft, the pilot and a paramedic seated at his station behind the pilot, were killed. The ensuing investigation concluded that the pilot allowed the aircraft to fly too low, and it descended unchecked into the sea. The pilot was also fatigued, overworked, lacked recent flying practice, and he might have suffered from an undetermined influence, such as disorientation, distraction, or subtle incapacitation, as evidenced by several navigational errors, miscommunications, and mismanagement of his instruments. Although the weather might have precluded a safe landing in Campbeltown, the weather was not a cause of the accident. The patient was eventually driven overland to a Glasgow hospital, where he was treated for a ruptured appendix.


2005 Loganair Islander accident
The paramedic's body was found strapped in to his seat with a severe, possibly fatal, head injury from an impact against the back of the pilot's seat in front of him. Despite the death of both occupants of the aircraft, the UK's Air Accidents Investigation Branch, or AAIB, considered the impact survivable by the pilot. Had the paramedic been wearing a shoulder harness, the AAIB concluded it was likely that the paramedic would have survived the impact with the water with little or no injury, though it is possible he might then have succumbed to the cold water.


2005 Loganair Islander accident
The pilot, whose uninjured body was found nine months after the accident, and who had been wearing a shoulder harness, most likely survived the accident and escaped the aircraft, only to die of hypothermia in the cold water. As a result of this accident, regulations were enacted in 2015 by the European Union (EU) that require all aircraft of similar size that are used to transport passengers to be equipped with a shoulder harness, or "upper torso restraint system" (UTR system), for each passenger seat.


2005 Loganair Islander accident
Two more recommendations from the AAIB investigators of this accident were under consideration (as of the end of 2015) by EU regulators. These recommendations would require two pilots for all air ambulance flights and require a radar altimeter or "other independent low height warning device" (such as a GPWS) on all single-pilot public transport flights conducted in limited visibility (i.e., IFR passenger flights).


2005 Loganair Islander accident, Background, Loganair and the Scottish Ambulance Service
In 1967, Loganair began operating air ambulances for Scottish Ambulance Service (SAS). In 2005, they were using three dedicated Britten Norman Islander aircraft, including the accident aircraft, to transport patients from hard-to-reach locations throughout the Scottish Highlands and the surrounding islands, flying roughly 2,000 ambulance flights per year. In February 2005 (a month before this accident), SAS announced they would be ending their contract with Loganair in October 2006 and replacing them with Gama Aviation, which would provide two fixed-wing aircraft and two helicopters.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, Background, 1996 accident
Loganair had one previous air ambulance accident, also involving a Britten Norman Islander, on 19 May 1996, in which the pilot was killed, and the two passengers, a physician and a flight nurse, were injured. (In 1996, flights were typically made with a nurse, and sometimes a physician, if needed. The passenger cabin of the Islander was of limited size, and typical of ambulance aircraft, working conditions could be quite cramped with more personnel.) This 1996 accident bore similarities to the 2005 accident. It occurred at night with a single fatigued and poorly rested pilot making an approach in difficult weather, though in this case it was a strong and gusting crosswind rather than poor visibility that was the primary meteorological challenge.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, Background, 1996 accident
After successfully transporting the patient from Tingwall Airport in the Shetland Islands to Inverness Airport, the pilot, nurse, and physician were returning to their home base in Tingwall. There was a strong and gusting right crosswind at the runway. The pilot's approach procedure required him to make right turns to line up with the runway. However, these right turns obscured the pilot's view of the runway, and when the pilot made his final right turn, the aircraft had been blown to the left of the runway, too far to make a safe landing.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, Background, 1996 accident
The pilot executed a go-around procedure and attempted another approach. Again, the aircraft was blown far to the left of the runway centreline, and during the final approach turn, the aircraft lost a great deal of altitude, striking the ground 1.5 km short of the runway and approximately 0.3 km to the left of the runway centreline. The AAIB determined that nighttime visibility of the airport environment was inadequate, especially during right crosswind conditions, and recommended the Tingwall Airport add additional ground lighting to aid pilots' ability to acquire the runway during nighttime approaches.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, Background, Aircraft
The aircraft was a British built BN2B-26 Islander manufactured by Pilatus Britten-Norman in 1989, registration G-BOMG. It was a high wing design with two wing-mounted Lycoming O-540-E4C5 piston engines, each delivering a rated 260 horsepower to a two-blade variable-pitch propeller. It had fixed tricycle landing gear, with the two main gear bogies (two wheels each) mounted on legs that extend down from the wing, just aft of the engines. It made its first flight on 20 March of that year.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, Background, Aircraft
It was delivered to the original customer in Germany, FLN Frisia Luftverkehr, on 25 May, and re-registered in Germany as D-IBNF. On 14 August 2002, Loganair purchased the aircraft from FLN and registered it in the UK as G-BOMG. Loganair's chief executive, Jim Cameron, described the Islander as "robust" and "well suited to the vagaries of Scottish weather." Summarizing expert opinion of the Islander, Alastair Dalton of The Scotsman said the aircraft "had a good safety record and had proved versatile in operating from the shortest and roughest Highland runways."


2005 Loganair Islander accident, Background, Aircraft
Loganair converted the aircraft into an ambulance after purchasing it from FLN. It had one stretcher, a paramedic seat behind the pilot, two seats in the back of the cabin, and two cockpit seats. The aircraft had three doors, though the right cabin door was difficult to access because it was blocked by the stretcher. The aircraft was equipped with autopilot, and it was certified for single-pilot operation.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, Background, Aircraft
The aircraft was equipped with a diagonal shoulder harness for each of the eight passenger seats when it was delivered new to FLN. However, when Loganair converted the aircraft for ambulance use, they installed the same seats and seat belts they used in the rest of their Islander fleet. The shoulder harnesses were designed to attach to a specific type of lap belt, which was different from the lap belts used by Loganair. At the time of the accident, shoulder harnesses were not required for passengers, and Loganair did not retrofit the seat belts or shoulder harnesses to be compatible with each other.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, Background, Aircraft
The aircraft was not equipped with a Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) or a Flight Data Recorder (FDR), nor was it required to be.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, Background, Personnel
The pilot, 40-year-old Guy Henderson of Broxburn, Scotland, had 3,553 hours total flight experience, including 205 in the Islander. His Airline Transport Licence and Class I Medical Certificate were current. Due to flight scheduling and a family vacation, he had not flown for 32 days before the accident. On the day of the accident, Henderson awoke at 0645 h after eight hours of sleep.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, Background, Personnel
He was scheduled to begin standby duty from home that evening, lasting overnight, at 2300 h. (Standby duty from home means the pilot must be able to be at the airport, ready for duty, within one hour.) He was called early, at 2136 h, and reported for duty at the airport at 2220 h. There was no indication that the pilot tried to sleep during the day.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, Background, Personnel
Loganair had a requirement that a pilot must have flown within the previous 28 days before being allowed to carry passengers. Therefore, upon his arrival at Glasgow Airport, Henderson was required to take off and land the aircraft one time (a currency flight) before allowing the paramedic to board for the ambulance mission. (Because the paramedic was not involved with flight operations, he was legally considered a passenger.) The pilot made his currency flight by flying one circuit around the airport and returning to the Loganair apron to pick up the paramedic. There was heavy rain during this flight, but it was otherwise uneventful.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, Background, Personnel
The sole passenger on the accident flight was Paramedic John Keith McCreanor, 35, of Paisley, Scotland. He was seated in the paramedic seat, behind the pilot, for the duration of the flight. McCreanor had been a paramedic for twelve years and an employee of SAS for nine years and ten months. He arrived for the flight at 2300 h but had to wait for Henderson to complete his currency flight before boarding.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, Background, Mission
The operations officer at Loganair in Glasgow received a call at 2133 h from SAS requesting an air ambulance flight to pick up a ten-year-old boy named Craig McKillop at Campbeltown Airport, who was suffering from severe abdominal pain and suspected appendicitis, and fly him to Glasgow for treatment. The boy's father was scheduled to fly to Glasgow with his son and the paramedic. The requested maximum transfer time was three hours.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, The flight, Departure and navigation
The flight used the callsign LOGAN AMBULANCE ONE and was given ATC clearance to fly direct to Campbeltown. For unknown reasons, the pilot requested an amended clearance to fly a course that took them west and then southwest toward Campbeltown, avoiding flight over the Isle of Arran, further delaying their expected arrival time. The aircraft was airborne at 2333 h, with one hour remaining in the requested patient transfer time.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, The flight, Departure and navigation
The aircraft climbed to its assigned cruising altitude of 6,000 ft (1,829 m) and left controlled airspace. The pilot kept in contact with ATC for information and advisory services. At 2359 h the controller noticed that the aircraft had not made its scheduled left turn toward Campbeltown. The controller asked the pilot to confirm his routing, and he advised the pilot that he was already west of his intended course. The pilot then made a sharp left turn to the southeast, followed by another to the southwest, toward Campbeltown. As the aircraft descended toward Campbeltown, it had not been on its approved course since it left the immediate vicinity of Glasgow.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, The flight, Approach to Campbeltown
When the aircraft was 6.5 nmi (12.0 km) north of the Machrihanish (MAC) VOR (a type of radio navigational beacon near Campbeltown Airport), the pilot requested descent clearance. The controller cleared the aircraft to descend to 3,900 ft (1,189 m) at 0003 h, which was the minimum Sector Safe Altitude (SSA), the lowest altitude that can guarantee safe separation from all terrain and other obstacles in the area. When the aircraft was 4 nmi (7 km) from the MAC VOR, it descended below the SSA to 3,000 ft (914 m).


2005 Loganair Islander accident, The flight, Approach to Campbeltown
This was the altitude needed to enter the airport's landing pattern, but the descent wasn't required until the aircraft was over the MAC VOR. This early descent below the SSA was described by investigators from the Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) as "contrary to safe practise as well as the operator's procedures".


2005 Loganair Islander accident, The flight, Approach to Campbeltown
The approach procedure in use for this flight in the low clouds and low visibility conditions that night required the pilot to fly over the MAC VOR at 3,900 ft (1,189 m), then turn west-northwest to fly out over the water, descend to 1,540 ft (469 m) and level off within nine miles, then make a left base turn to fly east, back toward the airport (a teardrop procedure turn), and descend for final approach with the use of the MAC VOR.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, The flight, Approach to Campbeltown
The pilot was not allowed to descend below 1,540 ft (469 m) until the turn was completed, and then not below 1,045 ft (319 m) unless he had the runway in sight. Once the pilot could see the airport from that altitude, he would be allowed to circle and land on the runway of his choice. This is called a circle-to-land manoeuvre, or sometimes a cloud break procedure. The pilot elected to attempt this circling approach to land on runway 29 instead of landing straight in on runway 11, though the reported clouds at the time would have made a circling approach impossible at the minimum altitude of 1,045 ft (319 m).


2005 Loganair Islander accident, The flight, Approach to Campbeltown
As the aircraft approached the MAC VOR from the north, the pilot turned right, heading out to sea, 1.0 to 1.5 nmi (1.9 to 2.8 km) before reaching the MAC VOR. This made it difficult to establish the aircraft on the proper outbound course, though this was eventually done. The aircraft began its descent on this outbound leg, but it failed to level off at the minimum altitude of 1,540 ft (469 m).


2005 Loganair Islander accident, The flight, Approach to Campbeltown
At 0016:22, the last radar contact was recorded with the aircraft 200 ft (61 m) below that altitude, still outbound, and still descending at 1,050 ft (320 m) per minute. At 0018 (approximately 100 seconds after the last radar return) the pilot made his last call to the controller (who did not have radar), saying he had completed his base turn back to the airport. Investigators believe the aircraft hit the water very soon after that transmission.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, The flight, Loss of contact, search and location of wreckage
Five minutes after making its last transmission, the aircraft had not arrived at the airport. The controller tried several times to contact the pilot of the air ambulance, but none were successful. Other personnel in the air traffic control system asked other commercial aircraft in the area to attempt to make radio contact with the Islander. Controllers called the offices of Loganair and SAS, asking them to call the pilot and paramedic on their cell phones. At 0031, which was one minute past the latest time the aircraft could have landed, controllers entered "distress phase", calling out search and rescue personnel.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, The flight, Loss of contact, search and location of wreckage
Three lifeboats were dispatched from Islay, Campbeltown and Portrush to the area where the aircraft was last seen on radar, along with two helicopters from Prestwick and Anglesey and one from the Strathclyde Police (during daytime hours), and HMS Penzance, a Royal Navy minesweeper that was conducting training operations 35 nmi (65 km) away. Coastguard rescue teams conducted searches along the shoreline all night and the next day along with officers from the Strathclyde Police Department. Two investigators from the AAIB were also sent to the scene.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, The flight, Loss of contact, search and location of wreckage
Some wreckage of the aircraft was quickly found floating in the water (all three doors, the paramedic's bag, the left main landing gear leg, and other light material), with the main wreckage submerged on the seabed. The wreckage was 7.7 nmi (14.3 km) west-northwest of the Campbeltown airport. The fuselage had broken into three main sections: front, centre, and rear. The centre section included the wing. The engines and propellers had been torn from the wings on impact. The paramedic's body was found strapped to his seat. The pilot's body was not found in the vicinity of the debris field.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, The flight, Loss of contact, search and location of wreckage
When it became clear that the air ambulance would not be arriving, the patient who was to be flown to Glasgow on G-BOMG was instead transported by road to the Royal Hospital for Sick Children at Yorkhill, where he underwent surgery to treat a ruptured appendix.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, Investigation, Wreckage
Floating debris was collected in the early morning hours after the accident. Two days after the accident, officials had established a one mile exclusion zone against fishing activities near the accident site, and the AAIB had requested specialized deep water recovery equipment to recover the wreckage and, they hoped, the bodies of the pilot and paramedic. Six days later the diving support vessel Seaway Osprey arrived on the scene of the accident with remotely operated vehicles (ROV's) and saturation divers capable of manually recovering debris.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, Investigation, Wreckage
Within twelve hours all major components of the aircraft had been recovered except for the left wingtip, which was discovered on 2 May 2005, in a trawler's fishing net about 2.5 nmi (4.6 km) from the debris field. The wreckage was brought to the AAIB's hangar at RAF Machrihanish (on which Campbeltown Airport was located at the time of the accident) for analysis.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, Investigation, Wreckage
All of the primary structure was recovered from the seabed. Controls were trimmed near the neutral position. The flaps were in the "UP" position (i.e., retracted). Investigators found no evidence that the controls were jammed. The left main landing gear leg had become separated during the impact, and the right gear leg was bent aft. The nose gear was bent aft and to the right. Both propellers were recovered and showed similar damage. Both engines were stripped down and examined. They were found to be in similar condition, with valves and other moving parts in good shape. Both engines could be turned when the spark plugs were removed. Both engines, with propellers attached, were found at the northern end of the debris field.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, Investigation, Wreckage
The cockpit area of the Islander had not suffered significant damage, and there was sufficient space for the pilot to survive. The pilot's seat belt and shoulder harness were found undamaged and unbuckled, with all stitching intact and the buckle still functional. There was no sign of impact on the controls or the instrument panel. Both fuel tanks contained a significant amount of fuel, which investigators calculated to be approximately 100 US gallons in each of the two wing tanks, and the fuel selector valve was in the correct position.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, Investigation, Wreckage
Several instruments were damaged by the impact or by the pressure and corrosion from sitting on the seabed for six days. The aircraft's horizontal situation indicator, or HSI (a navigational instrument to direct the pilot to or from ground-based navigation aids, including the MAC VOR), was not set properly for the approach. The instrument's course selector was set to 103°, though the approach called for a setting of 115°.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, Investigation, Wreckage
A second device on the HSI, called the "heading bug", is a prominent marker for the pilot to set to the desired heading so that when the aircraft is flying that heading, the bug is at the top of the instrument's display and aligned with a vertical white line. The heading bug on the HSI was set to 157°. A second instrument situated below the HSI and capable of the same VOR navigation, called the omni bearing indicator (OBI), was also set incorrectly to 309° when it too should have been set to 115°.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, Investigation, Wreckage, Analysis
All wreckage was found along a 209-metre long, 50-metre wide section of the seabed at a depth of 78 metres. Investigators found no evidence of structural failure inflight. The damage to the aircraft was roughly symmetrical left-to-right, indicating the aircraft was close to wings-level flight on impact. The separation of the left landing gear leg compared to the bending of the right leg suggested to investigators that impact with the water happened with the left wing slightly lower than the right, as the left gear was the more damaged, and therefore subject to more force against the water.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, Investigation, Wreckage, Analysis
When the left wingtip contacted the water, investigators conclude that the aircraft cartwheeled, bringing the right wing down into the water with great force, which they report as being consistent with the nose gear being bent to the right as well as aft. The pattern of damage to the nose and the underside of the fuselage suggests the aircraft was in a slightly nose-down attitude, as if in a normal descent. Nearly neutral trim settings indicated the pilot was not trying to compensate for some abnormal flying condition, such as an engine failure or flight control problems.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, Investigation, Wreckage, Analysis
The pitch trim was set to a slight nose-down attitude, which the aircraft manufacturer calculated to indicate stable flight at 110–120 kn. This is consistent with investigators' calculations based on the damage to the aircraft that it had been moving at 90–130 kn at impact. Damage to the propeller blades is consistent with both of them turning and similar engine power being delivered to them. The amount of power being delivered to the propellers could not be determined. Therefore, it remains possible that ice had accumulated in the carburetors and reduced engine power.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, Investigation, Wreckage, Analysis
Although meteorological conditions were favorable for carburetor icing, and the carburetor heat levers were in the "OFF" position, loss of engine power is not consistent with the speed and shallow angle of impact calculated from the wreckage. Analysis of the engines verified that carburetor heat was not being used at the time of the accident. The AAIB concluded its analysis of the wreckage with the following statement:


2005 Loganair Islander accident, Investigation, Wreckage, Analysis
In summary, the aircraft appears to have hit the sea in a controlled flight attitude with symmetric power and no evidence of a technical fault could be found that might explain the flight into the sea.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, Investigation, Weather and environment
Although clouds extended down as low as 300 to 400 ft (91 to 122 m) above the sea surface and surface visibility had fallen to 1,500–2,500 meters at Campeltown Airport, the wind was from the west at 12 knots, and the aircraft was below the freezing level (reported at 6,500 ft (1,981 m)). Conditions at the time of the accident made it possible for ice to form in the carburetors, and carburetor heat was not applied to counteract this possibility, but there was no sign that the engine function was impaired. The switches for pitot and stall warning probe heating, and for propeller de‑icing were selected ON. The switches for airframe de-icing, heated windshield and for the ice inspection lamp were selected OFF.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, Investigation, Weather and environment, Analysis
Low clouds, deteriorating visibility, and winds that favored Runway 29 in Campbeltown, which did not have an instrument approach procedure necessary for landing in such conditions as were forecast for the expected arrival time, posed serious challenges to making a safe landing in Campbeltown. As G-BOMG neared its destination, conditions were worsening. The pilot chose to follow the instrument approach procedure for Runway 11 until he saw the airport, at which point he would circle the airport to land on Runway 29.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, Investigation, Weather and environment, Analysis
To perform this manoeuvre, the pilot was not permitted to descend below an altitude of 1,045 ft (319 m). However, the weather reports the pilot received when he departed and others he received while en route show the cloud base was down to 400 ft (122 m) ("broken" cloud layer). This was acceptable for an approach to Runway 11, but not for the circling manoeuvre to Runway 29. At the same time, the wind had increased from 8 kn to 15 kn in Campbeltown, making a landing on Runway 11 increasingly difficult, with significant crosswind and tailwind components.


2005 Loganair Islander accident, Investigation, Weather and environment, Analysis
Four minutes before the accident, the controller in Campbeltown advised the pilot that there were now a "few" clouds at 300 ft (91 m) as well as the broken layer at 400 ft (122 m). For the duration of the flight, the pilot likely had very little visual contact with the ground due to being in or over clouds, or out over water in low visibility.