2003 UEFA Cup Final
The 2003 UEFA Cup Final was played on 21 May 2003 between Celtic of Scotland and Porto of Portugal. Porto won the match 3–2 in extra time thanks to a goal from Derlei. This was also the first game to use the silver goal rule, although it did not affect the outcome of the game as Porto scored in the second half of extra-time, thus meaning the game had to be played until the end of extra-time.


2003 UEFA Cup Final
Prior to this game, no club from Scotland or Portugal had ever won the UEFA Cup.


2003 UEFA Cup Final
The game had what UEFA described at the time as "the largest travelling support to have assembled for a single game" – around 80,000 Celtic fans travelled to Seville for the final. For this turnout and the manner in which they conducted themselves, Celtic fans – dubbed "the Bhoys from Seville" – received an award from FIFA and UEFA, winning the FIFA Fair Play Award that year and being presented with a formal recognition from UEFA at a home match the following season.


2003 UEFA Cup Final, Date, venue and officials
The game was played at Estadio Olímpico de Sevilla on 21 May with kick-off at 20:45 local time. A team of officials was selected from Slovakia.


2003 UEFA Cup Final, Match, Summary
A rash challenge led to Joos Valgaeren of Celtic getting a yellow card in the eighth minute. After this it was a stoic affair, until 32 minutes into the first half when Capucho played in Deco, but he could do no more than fire his shot straight at Rab Douglas. Straight after this attack, Celtic broke on the counter with Henrik Larsson putting Didier Agathe through on the right but his cross was too high for Chris Sutton. Larsson had a chance to make it 1–0 in the 35th minute but was unable to get enough contact on the ball. Porto came close in the 41st minute when Deco moved past Bobo Baldé to go one on one with Douglas, who saved Deco's shot with his legs.


2003 UEFA Cup Final, Match, Summary
Porto found a way through on the stroke of half-time. After some great work from Deco, Dmitri Alenichev's shot was parried by Douglas and Derlei slotted the ball in to give Porto a 1–0 lead. It was his 11th goal of the competition. Porto's lead did not last long after the restart as Celtic equalised after 47 minutes when Larsson met Agathe's cross to direct a looping header in over the helpless Vítor Baía to get his tenth goal of the tournament and his 200th Celtic goal. Within five minutes, it was 2–1 when Deco evaded a tackle and slipped a through ball to Alenichev who converted the cross.


2003 UEFA Cup Final, Match, Summary
Three minutes later, Celtic levelled once again. Larsson took advantage of poor marking when he powerfully headed in Alan Thompson's corner. With Deco remaining a consistent threat, Martin O'Neill brought on Jackie McNamara in 76 minutes to nullify Deco's threat. In the 80th minute, Bobo Baldé picked up a yellow card. A couple of minutes from time, McNamara's errant pass found Alenichev, but he could not find the target and shot over.


2003 UEFA Cup Final, Match, Summary
Normal time ended with the game at 2–2. Extra time would be played under the silver goal rule, whereby the team leading at the end of the first half of extra time would win the match.


2003 UEFA Cup Final, Match, Summary
Celtic were down to ten men in the 96th minute when Baldé was dismissed after collecting his second yellow card. O'Neill reconfigured his team by moving McNamara back to fill the gap in defence caused by Baldé's dismissal.


2003 UEFA Cup Final, Match, Summary
The first half of extra time arrived without a change in the score, so the silver goal rule did not apply.


2003 UEFA Cup Final, Match, Summary
In the second half of extra time Celtic were unable to hold out for penalties, as Derlei reacted quickest to a Douglas block in the 115th minute and rounded McNamara to make it 3–2. Porto had Nuno Valente sent off in the last minute but no further goals meant that they had ended their 16-year wait for a further European trophy.


2003 UEFA European Under-17 Championship
The 2003 UEFA European Under-17 Championship was the second edition of UEFA's UEFA European Under-17 Championship. Portugal hosted the championship, during 7–17 May. The format of the competition changed, and only 8 teams entered the competition. Host Portugal defeated Spain in the final to win the competition for the fifth time.


2003 UEFA European Under-17 Championship
For winning their semifinals, Portugal and Spain qualified for the 2003 FIFA U-17 World Championship, held in Finland, with England and Austria missing out.


2003 UEFA European Under-17 Championship, Qualification
Qualification for the final tournament of the 2003 UEFA European Under-17 Championship consisted of two rounds: a Qualifying round and an Elite round. In the qualifying round, 44 national teams competed in 11 groups of four teams, with two best teams of each group advancing to the elite round. There, the 22 first-round qualifiers plus the teams who were given a bye (Spain, England, Russia, Finland, Poland and Hungary), were distributed in seven groups of four teams. The winner of each group qualified for the final tournament.


2003 UEFA European Under-17 Championship, Qualification, Qualified teams
Note: All appearance statistics include only U-17 era (since 2002).


2003 UEFA European Under-17 Championship, Venues
The final tournament was played in seven venues located in seven different cities, Viseu, Nelas, Chaves, Mangualde, Vila Real, Santa Comba Dão and Santa Marta de Penaguião. The Estádio do Fontelo was the largest stadium with a tournament capacity of 12,000 seats, and served as both the opening ceremony and the final venue.


2003 UEFA European Under-17 Championship, Venues
The table below lists stadium capacity for the final tournament, which may not correspond to their effective maximum capacity.


2003 UEFA European Under-17 Championship, Squads
Each participating national association had to submit a final list of 18 players (three of whom must be goalkeepers). All players must have been born on or after 1 January 1986.


2003 UEFA European Under-17 Championship, Match Officials
A total of 6 referees, 8 assistant referees and 2 fourth officials were appointed for the final tournament.


2003 UEFA European Under-17 Championship qualification
The 2003 UEFA European Under-17 Championship qualifying competition was an under-17 football competition played in 2002 and 2003 to determine the 7 teams joining Portugal, who qualified automatically as hosts, in the 2003 UEFA European Under-17 Championship final tournament.


2003 UEFA European Under-17 Championship qualification
The final tournament also acted as the UEFA qualifier for the 2003 FIFA U-17 World Championship in Finland, with two teams qualifying, Portugal and Spain, as finalists.


2003 UEFA European Under-17 Championship squads
Those marked in bold have now been capped at full International level.


2003 UEFA European Under-19 Championship
The 2003 UEFA European Under-19 Championship was held in Liechtenstein from 16 to 26 July 2003. Players born after 1 January 1984 can participate in this competition.


2003 UEFA European Under-19 Championship, Qualifications
There were two separate rounds of qualifications held before the Final Tournament.


2003 UEFA European Under-19 Championship, Qualifications
1. 2003 UEFA European Under-19 Championship first qualifying round2. 2003 UEFA European Under-19 Championship second qualifying round


2003 UEFA European Under-19 Championship, Teams
The eight teams that participated in the final tournament were:


2003 UEFA European Under-19 Championship first qualifying round
This article features the 2003 UEFA European Under-19 Championship first qualifying round. 22 teams (11 group winners and runners-up) qualified for the second qualifying round.


2003 UEFA European Under-19 Championship second qualifying round
This article features the 2003 UEFA European Under-19 Championship second qualifying round. Seven group winners qualified for the main tournament in Liechtenstein.


2003 UEFA European Under-19 Championship second qualifying round, Teams
6 teams received a bye for the first qualifying round


2003 UEFA European Under-19 Championship second qualifying round, Group 5
All matches were played in Austria. Serbia and Montenegro participated as FR Yugoslavia in the first qualifying round.


2003 UEFA European Under-19 Championship squads
Players born on or after 1 January 1984 were eligible to participate in the tournament. Players' age as of 16 July 2003 – the tournament's opening day. Players in bold have later been capped at full international level.


2003 UEFA Futsal Championship
The 2003 UEFA Futsal Championship was the 4th official edition of the UEFA-governed European Championship for national futsal teams. It was held in Italy, between 17 February and 24 February 2003, in two venues located in Aversa & Caserta.


2003 UEFA Futsal Championship squads
This article lists the confirmed national futsal squads for the 2003 UEFA Futsal Championship tournament held in Italy.


2003 UEFA Intertoto Cup
The 2003 UEFA Intertoto Cup finals were won by Schalke 04, Villarreal, and Perugia. All three teams advanced to the UEFA Cup.


2003 UEFA Intertoto Cup, First round, First leg
This game was declared void by UEFA due to fan incident at the stadium with smoke bomb thrown onto the field. The second leg game by itself determined the result of the matchup.


2003 UEFA Intertoto Cup, First round, Second leg
3–3 on aggregate, Partizani Tirana won on away goals rule.


2003 UEFA Intertoto Cup, First round, Second leg
2–2 on aggregate, Tampere United won on away goals rule.


2003 UEFA Intertoto Cup, Second round, Second leg
2–2 on aggregate, Racing de Santander won on away goals rule.


2003 UEFA Regions' Cup
The 2003 UEFA Regions' Cup was the third UEFA Regions' Cup. It was held in Germany and won by the Piedmont–Aosta Valley team from Italy, which beat France's Maine 2–1 in the final.


2003 UEFA Regions' Cup, Preliminary round
The 40 teams entered were drawn into ten groups of four, with the following countries hosting each group's matches:


2003 UEFA Regions' Cup, Preliminary round
Six group winners qualified automatically, while the winners of four randomly drawn groups took part in a playoff for the two remaining places in the final tournament.


2003 UEFA Regions' Cup, Intermediary round
The intermediary playoffs were drawn at random when the preliminary groups were drawn. As there were ten groups but only eight places in the final tournament, four group winners had to play in the intermediary round. The winners of Group 2 were drawn to play the winners of Group 4, whilst Group 8 and Group 10's winners would play each other. The two legs were played in both competing teams' home regions.


2003 UEFA Regions' Cup, Final tournament
Germany was chosen to host the final tournament, with matches being played from 22 June to 28 June 2003.


2003 UEFA Regions' Cup, Final tournament, Group stage
The six automatic preliminary group winners and the two intermediary playoff winners (Italy's Piedmont–Aosta Valley and Asturias of Spain) were drawn into two groups of four, with the two group winners advancing to the final.


2003 UEFA Super Cup
The 2003 UEFA Super Cup was played on 29 August 2003 between Milan of Italy and Porto of Portugal. Milan qualified by defeating Juventus in the 2003 UEFA Champions League Final, while Porto qualified by beating Celtic in the 2003 UEFA Cup Final. Milan won the match 1–0. After the match, defeated Porto manager José Mourinho said, "We leave here convinced we can go into the UEFA Champions League with the hope and certainty we can compete with any team." They finished the season as 2003–04 UEFA Champions League winners.


2003 UEFA Super Cup, Venue
The Stade Louis II in Monaco has been the venue for the UEFA Super Cup every year since 1998. Built in 1985, the stadium is also the home of AS Monaco, who play in the French league system.


2003 UEFA Women's Cup Final
The 2003 UEFA Women's Cup Final was a two-legged football match that took place on 9 and 21 June 2003 at Gammliavallen and Hjørring Stadium between Umeå IK of Sweden and Fortuna Hjørring of Denmark. It was the first final not to feature German teams. Umeå won the final 7–1 on aggregate.


2003 UEFA Women's Cup Final, Match, Details, First leg
Assistant referees: Inka Müller (Germany) Christine Beck (Germany)Fourth official: Rakel Backström (Sweden)


2003 UEFA Women's Cup Final, Match, Details, Second leg
Assistant referees: Amy Fearn (England) Alison Chapman (England)Fourth official: Torben Jensen (Denmark)


2003 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship
The UEFA Women's U-19 Championship 2003 Final Tournament was held in Germany between 25 July – 3 August 2003. Players born after 1 January 1984 were eligible to participate in this competition.


2003 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship
The tournament is notable for featuring a penalty kick shootout in the final group game in Group A between Italy and Sweden to determine the second semifinal qualifier. This is the first time that a penalty-kick shootout has been used in the group stage of a tournament since the rule was introduced.


2003 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship, Qualifying
36 teams played for seven free places in the final. Two qualifying rounds were played.


2003 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship qualification
The qualification for the 2003 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship were a series of association football matches between national teams to determine the participants of the 2003 Final Tournament held in Germany.


2003 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship qualification, First round
Germany qualified as hosts, while Norway, Spain, France, Italy, Czech Republic, Sweden, Denmark and Netherlands received byes to the second round. The remaining 28 teams were divided into 7 groups of four teams, with each group being contested as a mini-tournament, hosted by one of the group's teams. After all matches have been played, the 7 group winners and best runners-up advanced to the second round.


2003 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship qualification, First round, Group 6
Group matches were due to be held in Israel, but were moved to Albena, Bulgaria, because of the ongoing security situation in Israel.


2003 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship qualification, First round, Ranking of second-placed teams
To determine the best second-placed teams from the qualifying round, all the results of the second-placed teams were taken into account.


2003 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship qualification, Second round
The 16 teams were drawn into four groups of four. The teams then played each other once. After that the group winners and the best three runners-up advanced to the final tournament.


2003 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship qualification, Second round
The draw was held on 5 November 2002 in Nyon.


2003 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship qualification, Second round, Ranking of second-placed teams
To determine the best second-placed team from the qualifying round, all of the results of the second-placed teams were taken into account.


2003 UEFA–CAF Meridian Cup
The 2003 UEFA–CAF Meridian Cup was the fourth UEFA–CAF Meridian Cup and was held in Egypt.


2003 UEFA–CAF Meridian Cup, Results
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2003 UIAA Climbing World Championships
The 2003 UIAA Climbing World Championships, the 7th edition, were held in Chamonix, France from 9 to 13 July 2003. It was organized by the Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme (UIAA). The championships consisted of lead, speed, and bouldering events.


2003 UIAA Climbing World Championships, Lead, Men
Tomáš Mrázek clinched gold medal after climbing 2 meters higher than the rest of the field. Patxi Usobiaga Lakunza won silver medal by edging out David Caude who took bronze. Alexandre Chabot placed 5th.


2003 UIAA Climbing World Championships, Lead, Women
Muriel Sarkany took the win by climbing 2 meter higher than her closest competition. Six climbers struggled on the same hold: touching, holding, or moving off it. In the end, Emilie Pouget claimed silver medal, ahead of her teammate Sandrine Levet who claimed bronze.


2003 UIAA Climbing World Championships, Bouldering
Bouldering scores were decided by number of tops, number of attempts to tops, number of zones, and number of attempts to zones in decreasing order of importance.


2003 UIAA Climbing World Championships, Bouldering, Men
Christian Core sent four boulder problems in the final round and won gold medal after edging out Jérôme Meyer by one less attempt. Tomasz Oleksy placed 3rd.


2003 UIAA Climbing World Championships, Bouldering, Women
Sandrine Levet topped 5 boulder problems in the final round, securing a gold medal. Nataliya Perlova sent 3 problems and placed second, while Fanny Rogeaux sent 2 problems in two attempts claiming third place.


2003 UIAA Climbing World Championships, Speed, Men
Maksym Styenkovvy took the win. Tomasz Oleksy placed second and Alexander Peshekhonov placed third.


2003 UIAA Climbing World Championships, Speed, Women
Olena Ryepko took the win. Tatiana Ruyga placed second and Yurina Valentina third.


2003 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year
The 2003 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year was the 78th year of greyhound racing in the United Kingdom and Ireland.


2003 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary
The industry suffered a huge double blow with the closure of Catford and the English Greyhound Derby fiasco. Catford Stadium, owned by GRA was closed with little warning. The last meeting was on the 5 November leaving the staff, trainers and many others redundant.


2003 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary
Trainers John Simpson, Tony Taylor, Maxine Locke and John Walsh moved to Wimbledon, Keston based Steve Gammon left for Crayford, Sonja Spiers and Kevin Connor went to Sittingbourne and Mark Lavender switched to Portsmouth. Racing Manager Derek Hope was able to take up the same position at Wimbledon soon after because Simon Harris had left for Coventry Stadium bookmaker John Humphreys, who had stood in the main ring since 1966 and sponsored the Gold Collar for 18 years, retired.


2003 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary
The 2003 English Greyhound Derby took place as usual with the final being held on 28 June. The final resulted in the disqualification of Droopys Hewitt, trained by Andy Iaonnou a first season trainer and former head man to Nick Savva. A sample taken by the stewards (the usual practice) was tested as positive and following a six-month court battle the National Greyhound Racing Club stewards finally prevailed and stripped the Derby title from Droopys Hewitt and awarded it to second place Farloe Verdict. The winner Farloe Verdict received £75,000 and the disgraced Iaonnou was banned from the sport.


2003 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary
The 2003 Irish Greyhound Derby suffered no such troubles and was won by Climate Control.


2003 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary
Charlie Lister was Greyhound Trainer of the Year, it was the first time he had taken the honour despite all of his previous success. Brian Clemenson landed the trainers championship for the second successive year. The title of greyhound of the year went to Tims Crow.


2003 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary, Tracks
Dundalk officially opened their new Dundalk Stadium on 29 November 2003 to the cost of €11 million. The minister for sport John O'Donoghue conducted the opening.


2003 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary, Tracks
William Hill bookmakers purchased Brough Park and it underwent major investment, similar to that of Sunderland, which William Hill had acquired the year before.


2003 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary, Tracks
Auchinleck in East Ayrshire, a major independent (unlicensed track) closed after seventy years racing. The track was the birthplace of famous Scottish bookmaker Fearless Freddie Williams who had his first pitch there many years ago.


2003 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary, Competitions
Former Springbok champion Rossa Ranger set a new track record over 385 hurdles at Crayford recording a remarkable 23.36, faster than the flat heats of the Rosebowl on the same night. However he failed to make it past the Grand National first round. The event went to Selby Ben continuing Tommy Foster's success in the hurdle classic. Charlie Lister lifted the Scottish Greyhound Derby with new Irish acquisition Micks Mystic. Shelbourne Star lost his St Leger title after a positive test.


2003 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary, News
There was continued debating on two issues; whether a levy should be paid to the sport in place of the Bookmakers contributions and how to increase funding in welfare to ensure that the industry could meet and exceed the requirements set by DEFRA and the Animal Welfare Bill.


2003 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary, News
Trainer Joe Cobbold died after a long battle with cancer aged 71, his son Trevor Cobbold had died nearly ten years previous with cancer; the Utopia kennels had produced countless champions under the 'Decoy' prefix.


2003 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Roll of honour, Principal UK finals
+ disqualified after winning the race following a positive drugs test


2003 UK Championship
The 2003 Travis Perkins UK Championship was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 18 and 30 November 2003 at the Barbican Centre in York, England. The event was broadcast on the BBC between 22 and 30 November 2003 and was the third ranking event of the 2003/2004 season. This marked the first event of three consecutive events sponsored by building merchant Travis Perkins.


2003 UK Championship
Mark Williams was the defending champion, but he lost his last 32 match against Fergal O'Brien.


2003 UK Championship
Matthew Stevens won his first ranking title when by defeating five times UK champion Stephen Hendry 10–8. In the final Hendry failed a 147 attempt, when he missed the yellow while on 120. The highest break of the tournament was 143 made by Ali Carter.


2003 UK Championship, Tournament summary
Defending champion and World Champion Mark Williams was the number 1 seed. The remaining places were allocated to players based on the world rankings.


2003 UK Open
The 2003 Sky Bet UK Open was the first edition of the UK Open darts tournament organised by the Professional Darts Corporation. The tournament was held at the Reebok Stadium in Bolton, England between 30 May–1 June 2003.


2003 UK Open
The tournament was unique as it had no seeding, and was won by Phil Taylor who defeated Shayne Burgess in the final 18–8 in legs.


2003 ULEB Cup Finals
The 2003 ULEB Cup Finals were the final matches of the 2002–03 ULEB Cup season, the first season of Europe's second tier basketball league.


2003 ULEB Cup Finals
Pamesa Valencia won the Finals with an aggregate score of 166–156 against Krka. Valencia's Dejan Tomašević was named the Eurocup Finals MVP.


2003 UMass Minutemen football team
The 2003 UMass Minutemen football team represented the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the 2003 NCAA Division I-AA football season as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference (A-10). The team was coached by Mark Whipple and played its home games at Warren McGuirk Alumni Stadium in Hadley, Massachusetts. The 2003 season was Whipple's last with UMass. He left to take the position of quarterbacks coach with the NFL's Pittsburgh Steelers after the season. It was a successful year for Whipple and the Minutemen as they returned to the NCAA Division I-AA playoffs for the first time since 1999 by virtue of winning the A-10 Conference championship. UMass finished the season with a record of 10–3 overall and 8–1 in conference play.


2003 UNCAF Interclub Cup
The 2003 UNCAF Interclub Cup was the 21st edition of the international club football competition held in the UNCAF region representing the seven nations of Central America. Costa Rican side Deportivo Saprissa obtained their fifth regional title after defeating Comunicaciones F.C. in the final match. Both clubs, along with third placed Liga Deportiva Alajuelense, qualified to the 2004 CONCACAF Champions' Cup.


2003 UNCAF Nations Cup
The 2003 UNCAF Nations Cup was an association football tournament. It was held in two venues in Panama in February 2003, and was played in a round robin tournament, each of the 6 teams playing each other once. Costa Rica won their record fourth title, and along with the Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras, qualified to the 2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup.


2003 UNCAF Nations Cup, Venue
All matches were played at Estadio Rommel Fernández in Panama City.


2003 UNCAF Nations Cup squads
Below are the rosters for the UNCAF Nations Cup 2003 tournament in Panama, held from February 19 to 27 2003.


2003 UNLV Rebels football team
The 2003 UNLV Rebels football team represented the University of Nevada, Las Vegas during the 2003 NCAA Division I-A football season. UNLV competed as a member of the Mountain West Conference (MW) and played their home games at Sam Boyd Stadium in Whitney, Nevada


2003 US Open (tennis)
The 2003 US Open was held between August 25 – September 7, 2003.


2003 US Open (tennis)
Both Pete Sampras and Serena Williams did not defend their titles from 2002; Sampras unofficially retired after winning his final Grand Slam title the previous year, and Serena Williams was forced to miss the tournament after withdrawing through injury. This was the first time since 1971 in which neither champion was able to defend their title.


2003 US Open (tennis)
Andy Roddick, who previously won the 2000 US Open as a junior, won his only Grand Slam title, defeating Juan Carlos Ferrero (who inherited the World No.1 ranking after the tournament) in the final. Justine Henin-Hardenne won her first US Open title and second Grand Slam title, defeating her compatriot, rival and future three-times US Open champion Kim Clijsters in the final, dropping only one set through her run.


2003 US Open (tennis), Seniors, Men's doubles
Jonas Björkman /  Todd Woodbridge defeated  Mike Bryan /  Bob Bryan, 5–7, 6–0, 7–5


2003 US Open (tennis), Seniors, Women's doubles
Virginia Ruano Pascual /  Paola Suárez defeated  Svetlana Kuznetsova /  Martina Navratilova, 6–2, 6–2


2003 US Open (tennis), Seniors, Mixed doubles
Katarina Srebotnik /  Bob Bryan defeated  Lina Krasnoroutskaya /  Daniel Nestor, 5–7, 7–5, 7–6(7–5)


2003 US Open – Boys' Singles
Richard Gasquet was the defending champion, but did not compete in the juniors that year.


2003 US Open – Boys' Singles
Jo-Wilfried Tsonga won the tournament, defeating Marcos Baghdatis in the final, 7–6(7–4), 6–3.


2003 US Open – Girls' Singles
Maria Kirilenko was the defending champion, but did not compete in the juniors that year.


2003 US Open – Girls' Singles
Kirsten Flipkens won the tournament, defeating Michaëlla Krajicek in the final, 6–3, 7–5.


2003 US Open – Men's Doubles
Mahesh Bhupathi and Max Mirnyi were the defending champions, but lost in the quarterfinals to Michaël Llodra and Fabrice Santoro.


2003 US Open – Men's Doubles
Jonas Björkman and Todd Woodbridge won the title, defeating Bob Bryan and Mike Bryan 5–7, 6–0, 7–5 in the final.


2003 US Open – Men's Singles
Andy Roddick defeated Juan Carlos Ferrero, 6–3, 7–6(7–2), 6–3, in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 2003 US Open. It was his first and only major title. Roddick is the most recent American male player to win the US Open singles title as well as any other Grand Slam singles title. Pete Sampras was the defending champion, but he retired from professional tennis in August 2003.


2003 US Open – Men's Singles
This was the first US Open where future four-time champion Rafael Nadal appeared in the main draw, as well as the first Grand Slam main draw appearance for future world No. 4 and Grand Slam finalist Tomáš Berdych. It was also the final Grand Slam appearance for former Grand Slam champions Michael Chang and Yevgeny Kafelnikov.


2003 US Open – Men's Singles Qualifying
This article displays the qualifying draw for men's singles at the 2003 US Open.


2003 US Open – Mixed Doubles
Lisa Raymond and Mike Bryan were the defending champions, but lost in the quarterfinals to Cara Black and Wayne Black.


2003 US Open – Mixed Doubles
Katarina Srebotnik and Bob Bryan won the title, defeating Lina Krasnoroutskaya and Daniel Nestor in the final 5–7, 7–5, [10–5].


2003 US Open – Women's Doubles
Virginia Ruano Pascual and Paola Suárez were the defending champions and won in the final 6–2, 6–3, against Svetlana Kuznetsova and Martina Navratilova in straight sets. This was Ruano Pascual's 4th career Grand Slam doubles title and her 2nd title at the US Open. It was also Suárez' 4th career Grand Slam doubles title and her 2nd title at the US Open.


2003 US Open – Women's Singles
Justine Henin-Hardenne defeated her rival Kim Clijsters in the final, 7–5, 6–1 to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 2003 US Open. She lost only one set during the tournament. Clijsters' loss in the final was her last defeat at the US Open until 2012 (only playing in three of the next eight editions of the US Open), as she would go on to win her next 22 US Open matches, including three titles in 2005, 2009 and 2010.


2003 US Open – Women's Singles
Serena Williams was the defending champion, but did not participate due to injury. Defending finalist and her sister Venus Williams also withdrew before the tournament due to injury. Their withdrawals marked the first time in the Open Era that neither of the previous year's finalists played at the US Open. This was also the only Major tournament between the 1997 Australian Open and the 2011 French Open (a span of 56 events) where neither of the Williams sisters competed.


2003 US Open – Women's Singles
This was also the first US Open main draw appearance of future champion Flavia Pennetta; she lost to Svetlana Kuznetsova in the first round.


2003 US Open – Women's Singles Qualifying
This article displays the qualifying draw for the Women's Singles at the 2003 US Open.


2003 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 2003 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships was organised by USA Track & Field and held from June 19 to 22 at the Cobb Track & Angell Field in Palo Alto, California. The four-day competition served as the national championships in track and field for the United States and also the trials for the 2003 World Championships in Athletics.


2003 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
It was the second consecutive time that the stadium in Palo Alto had held the combined gender national track and field event. The Cobb Track & Angell Field, connected to Stanford University, was the host of the annual Payton Jordan U.S. Open – a high-profile mixed senior and college level meet. The USA Junior Championships were held in conjunction with the event and the events served as selection for the 2003 Pan American Junior Athletics Championships. Senior performances also informed the team selection for the athletics sections of the 2003 Pan American Games and 2003 Summer Universiade.


2003 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
Gail Devers had a fifth consecutive win in the women's 100 m hurdles, bringing her career total to nine national hurdles titles. Stacy Dragila also had her fifth straight win, bringing her total to seven titles. Marla Runyan won her third straight title in the 5000 m, while David Krummenacker achieved the same feat in the men's 800 m. Hurdler Allen Johnson extended his unbeaten streak to four titles, bringing him to a career sum of six. Breaux Greer won his fourth title to remain unbeaten in the men's javelin since 2000.


2003 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
There was extensive doping at the competition, with national champions Kelli White (100 m and 200 m), Regina Jacobs (1500 m), Eric Thomas (400 m hurdles), Kevin Toth (shot put), and Melissa Price (hammer) all subsequently having their national titles removed from the record. Then-world record holder Tim Montgomery was also later disqualified, having finished as men's 100 m runner-up. The men's 400 m runner-up Calvin Harrison and women's 400 m hurdles third placer Sandra Glover had their performances annulled due to doping as well.


2003 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships, Results
≠ Not selected for World Championships in Athletics due to failure to reach IAAF qualifying standard within the specified time limit


2003 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships, Results
† Denied national team selection as another athlete subsequently banned for doping was sent to the World Championships in Athletics instead.


2003 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships, Doping
Doping was widespread at the 2003 USA Championships. A year after the competition, hurdler Brenda Taylor revealed she was offered banned substance modafinil and claimed that she thought she was "the only person that didn't take it". This followed the revelation that several athletes had tested positive for that drug at the championships and received bans from the sport, including Kelli White, Chryste Gaines, Sandra Glover and Eric Thomas and John McEwen. The governing body USA Track & Field was criticised for not acting more quickly in reporting the failed tests. Despite the failed drug test, the American body failed to report this to the International Association of Athletics Federations until after she had won gold medals in both the 100 m and 200 m at the World Championships.


2003 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships, Doping
Others to later have their national championship results be disqualified for doping were: Regina Jacobs, Damu Cherry, Melissa Price, Tim Montgomery, Calvin Harrison, Alvin Harrison and Kevin Toth. Many of these athlete bans were related to the BALCO scandal and the use of Tetrahydrogestrinone (THG).


2003 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships, World Championships qualification, Automatic byes
A total of five American athletes were eligible for automatic byes into the 2003 World Championships in Athletics as a result of their being the defending champions from the 2001 World Championships in Athletics. All the athletes used their byes.


2003 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships, World Championships qualification, Non-top three selections
Men's shot put fourth placer Christian Cantwell would have been given the fourth national team spot due to Godina's bye, but was omitted as Kevin Toth, whose performance was later disqualified for doping, was chosen instead.


2003 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships, World Championships qualification, Non-top three selections
Sam Burley, sixth in the men's 800 m, was given the third national team place as the highest finisher with the "A" qualifying standard. Chris Phillips, fourth in the men's 110 m hurdles, was selected as a result of Allen Johnson's bye. Tora Harris was given the third men's high jump spot for his fifth-place finish as he was the only other athlete with the "A" standard. Low finishers in the men's discus were selected by merit of having the standard – Nick Petrucci had come fifth while Casey Malone was ninth nationally.


2003 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships, World Championships qualification, Non-top three selections
None of the top three finishers in the women's 5000 m had the "A" qualifying standard so Lauren Fleshman, fourth in Palo Alto, was the United States' sole World Championships representative in the event. Women's discus third placer Seilala Sua did not reach the standard so fourth place Kris Kuehl was selected instead.


2003 USA Team Handball College Nationals
The 2003 College Nationals was the 8th Men's and Women's College Nationals. The College Nationals was a team handball tournament to determined the College National Champion from 2003 from the US.


2003 USA Team Handball College Nationals - Men's Division
The 2003 College Nationals was the 8th Men's College Nationals. The College Nationals was a team handball tournament to determine the College National Champion from 2003 from the US.


2003 USA Team Handball College Nationals - Men's Division, Venues
The championship was played at two venues at the Furman University in Greenville, South Carolina.


2003 USA Team Handball College Nationals - Men's Division, Modus
In the Group stage every group had a round-robin. The best two teams per group qualified for the semifinals.


2003 USA Team Handball College Nationals - Men's Division, Modus
The fifth placed team of group A played no more games and was ranked 9th.


2003 USA Team Handball College Nationals - Men's Division, Modus
The third and fourth per group played a 5th - 8th place bracket.


2003 USA Team Handball College Nationals - Men's Division, Modus
The losers from the semis played a small final and the winners the final.


2003 USA Team Handball College Nationals - Women's Division
The 2003 College Nationals was the 8thWomen's College Nationals. The College Nationals was a team handball tournament to determined the College National Champion from 2003 from the US.


2003 USA Team Handball College Nationals - Women's Division, Venues
The championship was played at two venues at the Furman University in Greenville, South Carolina.


2003 USA Team Handball College Nationals - Women's Division, Modus
The first plays against the 4th and 2nd against the 3rd of the Group stage the semis.


2003 USC Trojans football team
The 2003 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California in the 2003 NCAA Division I-A football season. They were named the Associated Press and Football Writers Association of America (FWAA) national champions but were denied a spot in the BCS National Championship Game by the BCS selections for the national championship game.


2003 USC Trojans football team
The regular season ended with three one-loss teams in BCS contention: Oklahoma, LSU and USC. USC ended the regular season ranked #1 and LSU #2 in both the AP Poll and the Coaches' Poll. USC lost one triple-overtime game at California, which finished 8–6; LSU had  a 12-point home loss against a Florida team that went 8–5; Oklahoma, which had been ranked #1 for most of the season, fell to #3 after suffering a 35–7 defeat in the 2003 Big 12 Championship Game to Kansas State, which finished 11–4.


2003 USC Trojans football team
Controversy erupted when the BCS computers selected Oklahoma–LSU as the BCS title game. During the bowl games, USC had a convincing 28–14 win over #4 Michigan in the Rose Bowl while LSU beat Oklahoma 21–14 in the Sugar Bowl (designated the BCS title game). USC remained #1 in the final AP Poll with 48 of the 65 votes, and LSU was ranked, by contractual obligation, #1 in the final Coaches' Poll, though three coaches did not follow instructions and voted USC #1 in that poll as well.


2003 USC Trojans football team, Recruiting
With the late arrival of highly touted quarterback John David Booty, who left high school a year early to attend USC, the Trojans' 2003 recruiting class was considered by some to be the best in the country.


2003 USC Trojans football team, Recruiting
Its legacy included many NFL Draft picks over several years, including five first-round picks.


2003 USC Trojans football team, Schedule
The Trojans finished the season with a 12–1 record, 7–1 in the Pac-10.


2003 USC Trojans football team, Game summaries, Auburn
USC opened the season visiting Auburn University: the Tigers were also ranked in the top 10 and had been named a pre-season favorite to be the national champion by at least one major news organization. In his first start, quarterback Matt Leinart led the Trojans on a dominating 23–0 performance.


2003 USL A-League
The 2003 USL A-League was an American Division II league run by the United Soccer League during the summer of 2003.


2003 USL A-League, Awards and All A-League Teams
All A-League First TeamF: Thiago Martins (Pittsburgh Riverhounds) (MVP & Leading Goalscorer); Doug Miller (Rochester Raging Rhinos); Dante Washington (Virginia Beach Mariners)M: Roland Aguilera (Virginia Beach Mariners); Marco Ferruzzi (Minnesota Thunder); Andrew Gregor (Seattle Sounders); Ricardo Villar (Pittsburgh Riverhounds)D: Gabriel Gervais (Montreal Impact) (Defender of the Year);  Danny Jackson (Seattle Sounders); John Wilson (Charleston Battery)G: Greg Sutton (Montreal Impact) (Goalkeeper of the Year)Coach: Bob Lilley Montreal Impact) (Coach of the Year)


2003 USL A-League, Awards and All A-League Teams
All A-League Second TeamF: Byron Alvarez (Portland Timbers); Greg Howes (Milwaukee Wave United); Kevin Jeffrey (Richmond Kickers)M: Ted Chronopoulos (Charleston Battery); Ollie Heald (Vancouver Whitecaps); Zé Roberto (Montreal Impact); David Testo (Richmond Kickers)D: Scott Schweitzer (Rochester Raging Rhinos); Steve Shak (Minnesota Thunder); Alan Woods (Atlanta Silverbacks)G: Rich Cullen (Seattle Sounders)


2003 USL W-League season, Changes from 2002 season, Format changes
The league went to the standard FIFA match points format: 3 points for a win (down from the previous 4), 1 for a draw, 0 for a loss, and eliminated bonus points for 3 or more goals scored.


2003 USL W-League season, Playoffs, Format
Four teams from both the Central and Eastern Conferences and two from the Western Conference qualified for the playoffs. All playoff matchups were in single-leg elimination tournament format with the higher seeded team hosting until the national semifinals. Seeding was determined by league record, with Boston Renegades seeded first with 39 points. The host of the national semifinals was determined by bids at the 2002 USL Annual General Meeting.


2003 USL W-League season, Playoffs, Format
In the Central and Eastern Conferences, the top two teams from each division played, and then divisional winners played for the conference championship and to advance to the national semifinals.


2003 USL W-League season, Playoffs, Format
The top two teams in the Western Conference, having only one division, played each other to advance to the W-League Semifinals.


2003 USL W-League season, Playoffs, Format
The Hampton Roads Piranhas received a bye into the W-League national semifinals as host, with the third-place team from the Atlantic Division receiving a playoff berth. The W-League championship final was televised live on Fox Sports World.


2003 UTEP Miners football team
The 2003 UTEP Miners football team represented the University of Texas at El Paso in the 2003 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team's head coach was Gary Nord, who was fired after the season. The Miners played their home games at the Sun Bowl Stadium in El Paso, Texas. UTEP averaged 20,009 fans per game.


2003 Ukrainian Amateur Cup
The 2003 Ukrainian Amateur Cup  was the eighth annual season of Ukraine's football knockout competition for amateur football teams. The competition started on 9 August 2003 and concluded on 19 October 2003.


2003 Ukrainian Amateur Cup, Competition schedule, Quarterfinals (1/4)
This year only Pivdenstal Yenakieve received a bye to quarterfinals.


2003 Ukrainian Cup Final
The 2003 Ukrainian Cup Final was a football match that took place at the NSC Olimpiyskiy on 25 May 2003. The match was the 12th Ukrainian Cup Final and it was contested by Dynamo Kyiv and Shakhtar Donetsk. The 2003 Ukrainian Cup Final was the 12th to be held in the Ukrainian capital of Kyiv. Dynamo won the match 2–1.


2003 Ukrainian Figure Skating Championships
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by 58.143.166.173 (talk) at 15:26, 22 June 2020. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


2003 Ukrainian Figure Skating Championships
The 2003 Ukrainian Figure Skating Championships were the national championships of 2002–03 figure skating season. Skaters competed in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing on the senior level. The results were used to choose the teams to the 2003 World Championships and the 2003 European Championships.


2003 Ukrainian Football Amateur League
Following are the results of the Ukrainian Football Amateur League 2003 season. Participation is restricted to the regional (Oblast) champions and/or the most regarded team by the respective regional association.


2003 Ukrainian Football Amateur League
This season competition consisted of four stages as the previous. Few little changes were added this season's format. First two stages were organized in regional principal and were played in two rounds where each team could play another at its home ground. On the first stage each group winners and their immediate runners-up were to advance to the next part of the competition. The second stage was split in four groups where first two places were advancing to the semifinals. On the second stage teams that played each other in the previous one kept their result from the first stage.


2003 Ukrainian Football Amateur League
The semifinals and finals, on the other hand, were played in one round and this year were organized in the cities of Severodonetsk and Rubizhne. The semifinals, in their turn, were split in two groups where first two teams were advancing to the winners final of four. And as the qualifying stages (the first two) the teams that played in semifinals did not play in the final as their results were kept from that stage.


2003 Ukrainian Football Amateur League
Note: ZALK stands for the Zaporizhzhian Aliuminum Plant (Kombinat in Ukrainian). KZEZO stands for the Kakhovkan Factory (Zavod) of Electro-Welding Equipment (Elektro-Zvariuvalnoho Obladnannia).


2003 Ukrainian Football Amateur League, First stage, Group C
Note: Last two games Ikar MAKBO 94 Kirovohrad forfeited. Nizhyn withdrew after this qualification.


2003 Ukrainian Football Amateur League, Second stage, Group 1
Note: KLO-CSKA Bucha changed to FC KLO Bucha. KLO Bucha replaced Fakel Varva in Semifinals.


2003 Ukrainian Women's League
The 2003 season of the Ukrainian Championship was the 12th season of Ukraine's women's football competitions. The championship ran from 30 April to 31 October 2003.


2003 Uncle Tobys Hardcourts
The 2003 Uncle Tobys Hardcourts was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 7th edition of the event then known as the Uncle Tobys Hardcourts, and was a Tier III event on the 2003 WTA Tour. It took place in Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, from 29 December 2002 through 4 January 2003.


2003 Uncle Tobys Hardcourts, Finals, Doubles
Svetlana Kuznetsova /  Martina Navratilova defeated  Nathalie Dechy /  Émilie Loit, 6–4, 6–4


2003 Uncle Tobys Hardcourts – Doubles
Justine Henin-Hardenne and Meghann Shaughnessy were the defending champions, but Henin-Hardenne did not compete this year as she chose to start her season in Sydney. Shaughnessy teamed up with Ai Sugiyama and reached the quarterfinals where they were forced to withdraw.


2003 Uncle Tobys Hardcourts – Doubles
Svetlana Kuznetsova and Martina Navratilova won the title by defeating Nathalie Dechy and Émilie Loit 6–4, 6–4 in the final. It was the 4th title for Kuznetsova and the 167th title for Navratilova in their respective doubles careers.


2003 Uncle Tobys Hardcourts – Singles
Venus Williams was the defending champion, but did not compete this year.


2003 Uncle Tobys Hardcourts – Singles
Nathalie Dechy won the title by defeating Marie-Gaïané Mikaelian 6–3, 3–6, 6–3 in the final. It was the 1st and only title for Dechy in her singles career.


2003 Uncle Tobys Hardcourts – Singles, Seeds
The first two seeds received a bye into the second round.


2003 Union for Reform Judaism resolution on the medicinal use of marijuana
In November 2003, the Union for Reform Judaism (URJ) passed a resolution concerning medical cannabis at its general assembly in Minneapolis. The resolution became the first endorsement of medical cannabis by any religious body.


2003 Union for Reform Judaism resolution on the medicinal use of marijuana, Roots
The measure was preceded by a 1999 resolution adopted by Women of Reform Judaism, under the leadership of board member Jane Marcus. Marcus, who contributed to the passage of the 2003 resolution by the full denomination and became a founding board member of the Interfaith Drug Policy Initiative, described her motivation: "A beloved friend from my synagogue contracted HIV from a blood transfusion. She was down to 85 pounds and had no desire for food. Marijuana brought back her appetite and extended her life for three years. That’s when I started asking myself, why is this illegal?" The Women of Reform Judaism resolution was possibly influenced by Beth Am Women of Los Altos Hills, California who successfully introduced a resolution at Pacific District of Women of Reform Judaism's San Jose, California convention in 1999 preceding the 1999 national convention.


2003 Union for Reform Judaism resolution on the medicinal use of marijuana, Commentary
According to Carol Saline, "Jews have been in the forefront of the effort to legalize medical marijuana, perhaps because of what Rabbi Dayle Friedman attributes to the 'strong mandate about healing in Judaism.'"


2003 United Kingdom budget
The 2003 United Kingdom Budget, officially known as Opportunity for all: The strength to take the long-term decisions for Britain was the formal government budget for the year 2003.


2003 United Kingdom elections
Various elections were held in the United Kingdom in 2003, including:


2003 United Kingdom local elections
Local elections took place in various parts of the United Kingdom on 1 May 2003, the same day as the Scottish Parliamentary and the Welsh Assembly elections. There were local elections for all councils in Scotland and in most of England. There were no elections in Wales, Northern Ireland or London.


2003 United Kingdom local elections
The ruling Labour Party lost a considerable 833 seats, while both the main opposition parties, Conservative and Liberal Democrat, polled strongly, with the Conservatives enjoying the largest share of the vote. Labour had now been in government for six years and still had a triple-digit majority, and over the summer of 2003 some opinion polls showed the Tories level with Labour.


2003 United Kingdom local elections
However, these were to be the last of the two local council elections contested by the Tories under the leadership of Iain Duncan Smith, who was ousted as leader later in the year and succeeded by Michael Howard due to his unpopularity as leader and doubts about his ability to win a general election.


2003 United Kingdom local elections
Fifty-nine councils held electoral pilot schemes to try to boost turnout figures. Schemes included all postal voting, mobile polling stations, alterations to voting hours and various kinds of Electronic voting. The most successful in raising turnout was all-postal voting which saw turnout rise to an average of 50%. In comparison, turnout across the whole of England was only 33%.


2003 United Kingdom local elections, Summary of results
The Labour party lost a considerable 833 seats, losing control of councils such as Birmingham and Coventry, both of which the party had controlled for 20 years.


2003 United Kingdom local elections, Summary of results
The Conservative party, who following the elections had the most councillors in the country (ahead of Labour by 601), extended its lead over the Labour party by 1,399 councillors. However, their celebrations were tempered by the resignation of Conservative front bencher Crispin Blunt, who described the party leader, Iain Duncan Smith as a "handicap" and called for him to be replaced.


2003 United Kingdom local elections, England, Metropolitan boroughs
All 36 English Metropolitan borough councils had one third of their seats up for election.


2003 United Kingdom local elections, England, Unitary authorities, Whole council
In 27 English Unitary authorities the whole council was up for election.


2003 United Kingdom local elections, England, Unitary authorities, Third of council
In 13 English Unitary authorities one third of the council was up for election.


2003 United Kingdom local elections, England, District councils, Whole council
In 150 English district authorities the whole council was up for election.


2003 United Kingdom local elections, England, District councils, Third of council
In 82 English district authorities one third of the council was up for election.


2003 United Kingdom local elections, Scotland
All 32 Scottish unitary authorities held elections. They were held at the same time as the 2003 Scottish Parliament election.


2003 United Nations Climate Change Conference
The 2003 United Nations Climate Change Conference took place between 1–12 December 2003 in Milan, Italy. The conference included the 9th Conference of the Parties (COP9) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The parties agreed to use the Adaptation Fund established at COP7 in 2001 primarily in supporting developing countries better adapt to climate change. The fund would also be used for capacity-building through technology transfer. At the conference, the parties also agreed to review the first national reports submitted by 110 non-Annex I countries.


2003 United Nations Security Council election
The 2003 United Nations Security Council election was held on 23 October 2003 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City during the 58th session of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly elected five non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year terms commencing on 1 January 2004.


2003 United Nations Security Council election
The five candidates elected were Algeria, Benin, Brazil, Philippines, and Romania.


2003 United Nations Security Council election, Geographic distribution
In accordance with the General Assembly's rules for the geographic distribution of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, and established practice, the members were to be elected as follows: two from Africa, one from Asia, one from Eastern Europe, and one from Latin American and the Caribbean.


2003 United Nations Security Council election, Candidates
There were only five declared candidates for the five seats available. Thus they easily obtained the required 2/3 majority in the General Assembly.


2003 United Nations Security Council election, Results
Voting proceeded by secret ballot. For each geographic group, each member state could vote for as many candidates as were to be elected. There were 182 ballots in each of the three elections. Two member states were not given ballot papers because they were in arrears of their UN member contributions.


2003 United States Air Force Academy sexual assault scandal
The Air Force Academy sexual assault scandal in 2003 involved allegations of sexual assault at the United States Air Force Academy, as well as allegations that the alleged incidents had been ignored by the Academy's leadership.


2003 United States Air Force Academy sexual assault scandal, Context
President Gerald R. Ford signed legislation 7 October 1975 permitting women to enter the military academies; the United States Air Force Academy began admitting female officer cadets for the first time on 28 June 1976. The first class with women graduated in May 1980, and were nicknamed "80s Ladies".


2003 United States Air Force Academy sexual assault scandal, Context
Concerns with sexual assault, hazing of male cadets, and the disciplinary process during the 1990-2000 period were detailed in a 2010 book by a former cadet.


2003 United States Air Force Academy sexual assault scandal, Allegations
The scandal began with an anonymous e-mail on 2 January 2003 to the secretary of the Air Force, the chief of staff of the Air Force, Senator Wayne Allard, Senator Ben Nighthorse Campbell, other U.S. congressmen, and media representatives. The e-mail asserted there was a significant sexual assault problem at the United States Air Force Academy that had been ignored by the Academy's leadership. The secretary immediately directed the general counsel of the U.S. Air Force (SAF/GC) to establish a high-level working group to review cadet complaints concerning the Academy's program of deterrence and response to sexual assault.


2003 United States Air Force Academy sexual assault scandal, Allegations
The Secretary also asked the working group to review allegations of sexual assault reported from January 1993 through December 2002. The Secretary subsequently directed the Air Force's inspector general to review individual U.S. Air Force Office of Special Investigations (AFOSI) cases and to investigate cadet complaints concerning the alleged mishandling of sexual assault cases. In due course these investigations were carried out and a report issued on 14 September 2004.


2003 United States Air Force Academy sexual assault scandal, Allegations, Findings
Twelve percent of the women who graduated from the Air Force Academy in 2003 reported that they were victims of rape or attempted rape while at the Academy. Of 659 women enrolled at the Academy at the time, 70 percent of the 579 women at the academy alleged they had been the victims of sexual harassment, of which 22 percent said they experienced "pressure for sexual favors."


2003 United States Air Force Academy sexual assault scandal, Allegations, Findings
Nineteen percent of those surveyed claimed to have been the victims of sexual assault and more than seven percent said that assault took the form of rape or attempted rape. The alleged attackers had since graduated; there was insufficient evidence for court-martial. Sexual predation was mainly directed toward freshmen and sophomores who were under 21 and were blackmailed after accepting alcohol from upperclass cadets. Several assaults allegedly occurred while women were under the influence of alcohol.


2003 United States Air Force Academy sexual assault scandal, Allegations, Findings
This situation is thought to have been generally known among the leadership of the United States Air Force, but little has been done until recently to correct the situation or to discipline officers in leadership positions at the Academy; those that have been disciplined have often been scapegoats, including a colonel who was forced into retirement despite having been assigned to the Air Force Academy for only two months, well after the rapes occurred. Lieutenant General John R. Dallager, the superintendent of the United States Air Force Academy, was demoted to major general due to the scandal.


2003 United States Air Force Academy sexual assault scandal, Allegations, Findings
In more recent years, however (beginning specifically in the spring semester of 2003), new leadership was instated at the Academy, and began sweeping changes to the Academy culture and environment in order to correct the problems. Specifically new sexual assault reporting procedures have been produced, alongside new mandatory reporting procedures, as part of an "Agenda for Change" program.


2003 United States Air Force Academy sexual assault scandal, Allegations, Findings
A confidential survey of 4,200 cadets and midshipmen, including all of the women and about 1,000 men, at US military academies conducted by the Defense Department in the spring of 2004 revealed 302 claims of sexual assault by women of which only one third had been officially reported. Taking this data into consideration, on 18 March 2005 a new policy was announced for all US military academies which would permit a victim of sexual assault to seek counseling and medical care confidentially without triggering the disciplinary process.


2003 United States Air Force Academy sexual assault scandal, Allegations, Findings
This policy, it is hoped, will increase the percentage of sexual assaults which are reported and increase the willingness of victims to seek assistance. Military commanders would receive notice of the request for help but not the identity of the victim thus providing them with more accurate information. Hopes were expressed that the new policy, by giving more control over the situation to victims, would also result in more official reporting through disciplinary channels.


2003 United States Air Force Academy sexual assault scandal, Allegations, Findings
On 26 March 2005 it was reported in the combined weekend edition of the Rocky Mountain News and The Denver Post that acting Secretary of the Air Force, Peter B. Teets had recommended in a memo to Donald Rumsfeld, Defense Secretary that former commanders and other Air Force officers, now mostly retired, who were implicated in the sexual assault scandal by the inspection by the inspector general's office and the Fowler Commission not be prosecuted as they had "acted in good faith" and "were not intentionally or willfully derelict in their duties" as they attempted to deal with the sexual assault issue.


2003 United States Air Force Academy sexual assault scandal, Allegations, Findings
Continuing, Teets wrote, "Moreover, any mistakes or misjudgments some of them may have made are mitigated by the complexity of the issues they faced, the necessity of policy trade-offs and compromises, and the difficulty of measuring program effectiveness... . The record of missed warning signs is disturbing, but these officers acted in good faith to discharge their responsibilities to act in the cadet's best interests by taking bold steps to deter sexual assaults and implement effective reporting procedures... . Given their uniform excellence and long service to the Air Force and their country, I have determined that taking the highly unusual step of imposing disciplinary action against these retired members under these circumstances is not warranted."


2003 United States Air Force Academy sexual assault scandal, Allegations, Findings
Teets's memo was forwarded to Congress over the Easter weekend, but despite the congressional recess was met with dismay by the office of Senator Wayne Allard, Republican Senator from Colorado and Representative Louise Slaughter, Democrat of New York who have led congressional inquiries into the scandal. Concern was also expressed by Kate Summers of the victims rights group Miles Foundation.


2003 United States Air Force Academy sexual assault scandal, Allegations, Findings
In late 2006, a military judge dismissed a rape charge against an accused cadet because the accuser's mental health professional refused a court order to release medical records of statements the accuser had made to her. On 10 January 2007, the Associated Press reported that civilian prosecutors declined to file charges in an alleged sexual assault that started the aforementioned 2003 sexual assault scandal because they could not meet the required burden of proof.


2003 United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit opinions of John Roberts
John Roberts joined the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in 2003, succeeding James L. Buckley. The following are opinions written by Judge Roberts in 2003.


2003 United States Grand Prix
The 2003 United States Grand Prix (formally the XXXII SAP United States Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held on 28 September 2003 at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, Indianapolis, Indiana. It was the fifteenth race of the 2003 Formula One season. The 73-lap race was won by Michael Schumacher for the Ferrari team after starting from seventh position. Kimi Räikkönen, who started the Grand Prix from pole position, finished second in a McLaren car, with Heinz-Harald Frentzen third driving for Sauber.


2003 United States Grand Prix
The victory was Schumacher's second consecutive win, following the Italian Grand Prix at Monza.


2003 United States Grand Prix, Report, Friday drivers
The 3 teams in the 2003 Constructors' Championship had the right to drive a third car on Friday that were involved in additional training. These drivers did not compete in qualifying or the race.


2003 United States Grand Prix, Report, Race
Michael Schumacher won the race by 18.258 seconds from pole-sitter Kimi Räikkönen, taking a huge step toward his record-breaking sixth Drivers' Championship as a result. Afterwards, Räikkönen remained in mathematical contention for the championship with one race to go, but Williams driver Juan Pablo Montoya dropped out of the hunt after being penalized for an incident on Lap 3 with Schumacher's Ferrari teammate Rubens Barrichello.


2003 United States Grand Prix, Report, Race
It was the German's first double win since the Ferrari team and its tire supplier Bridgestone accused rival tire maker Michelin of using illegal tires for most of the season, at the Hungarian Grand Prix, threatening to decide the title in court. As a result, Michelin were forced to retool their tires before the Italian Grand Prix, with its teams suffering in the changing weather conditions at Indianapolis.


2003 United States Grand Prix, Report, Race
Though rain clouds surrounded the circuit at the start, all drivers began the race on dry tires. The cars on the "clean" side of the track got off the grid much better, with Räikkönen taking the lead ahead of Olivier Panis and the two Schumachers (all from the left side of the grid) (with drivers including Barrichello, Fernando Alonso, David Coulthard and Montoya dropping back on the right) and managing to open up a lead of 1.6 seconds over Panis's Toyota and Ralf Schumacher's Williams.


2003 United States Grand Prix, Report, Race
On Lap 2, light rain began to fall on parts of the circuit as Räikkönen increased his lead to 2.4 seconds and Panis came under attack from the Williams. Michael Schumacher was up to fourth from seventh on the grid, and Coulthard took fifth place from Barrichello, who was struggling with a malfunctioning gearbox.


2003 United States Grand Prix, Report, Race
Entering Turn 1 on Lap 3 Ralf Schumacher overtook Panis for second place, with Montoya pulling alongside Barrichello on the outside of the 90-degree right-hander to challenge for sixth. As they entered the left-handed Turn 2, Montoya was squeezed onto the curb and then the grass by the Ferrari, and as they began to exit the turn the right front wheel of the Williams touched the Ferrari's sidepod - forcing Barrichello onto the gravel. The Renaults of Fernando Alonso and Jarno Trulli both got around Montoya as he avoided the spinning Barrichello, managing to continue in eighth place with no apparent damage - even setting the fastest time on Lap 8, and by Lap 15 moving up to third on a drying track.


2003 United States Grand Prix, Report, Race
Barrichello later said, "We were running side by side. I thought I had left him enough space, but he touched me and I spun." While Barrichello's car was being removed from the runoff area under a local yellow flag in Turns 1 and 2, Schumacher overtook Panis at the entry to Turn 1 on Lap 5, claiming that he completed the pass before the turn. The stewards agreed, and he was not penalized.


2003 United States Grand Prix, Report, Race
Several drivers tried to anticipate a heavier rainfall by stopping for wet tires very early in the first light shower. Panis, Cristiano da Matta, Jacques Villeneuve and Nicolas Kiesa all stopped on Lap 6 or 7, only to find the track beginning to dry already by Lap 8. Beginning with Villeneuve on Lap 9, they all stopped again within a few laps to change back to dry tires.


2003 United States Grand Prix, Report, Race
However the rain returned during the first round of scheduled pit stops, and when the championship contenders pitted – Montoya on Lap 17, Räikkönen on Lap 19 and Schumacher on Lap 20 – they all chose to stay with dry tires. On Lap 19, as the rain began to fall more heavily, Montoya was given a drive-through penalty for "causing an avoidable accident" with Barrichello. Montoya rejoined the track during the downpour still on dry tires in eleventh place, effectively ending his championship challenge. "A very disappointing race," he commented afterwards, "basically decided by the penalty I was given for the accident with Rubens and the moment I had to pay it. It is sad to lose my Drivers' Championship chances in this way."


2003 United States Grand Prix, Report, Race
On Lap 28, Button led Frentzen by 5.8 seconds as Schumacher overtook Räikkönen (the top Michelin runner, having already passed Wilson) for third place, then taking second five laps later from Heinz-Harald Frentzen. On Lap 38, having cut 1.5 seconds per lap from Button's lead, Schumacher reclaimed first while the other two Championship contenders, Räikkönen and Montoya, lay fourth and tenth despite the track beginning to dry out once more.


2003 United States Grand Prix, Report, Race
The BAR team's hopes for a podium finish by Button ended on Lap 42 when the Briton's engine failed on the main straight, restoring Frentzen to second place. The Sauber driver himself was overtaken by Räikkönen on Lap 55, before eventually finishing in third (his second podium in four years at Indianapolis). Combined with teammate Nick Heidfeld's fifth place, the Sauber team earned ten points to move past BAR and Jaguar into fifth in the constructor's standings. Jarno Trulli finished fourth for Renault, ahead of Nick Heidfeld, Montoya, Giancarlo Fisichella and Wilson. Schumacher's win also put Ferrari back in front of Williams in the constructor's, with 147 points compared to Williams's 144.


2003 United States Grand Prix, Report, Post-race
The changing conditions saw the Michelin advantage in the dry superseded by Bridgestone dominance in the wet. Michelin motorsport director Pierre Dupasquier said: "Today's race was absolutely fascinating from a technical perspective. We set the early pace, and our drivers were the quickest out there when the circuit dried towards the end. In slightly damp conditions, our grooved dry weather tyres enabled our leading drivers to run up to three seconds per lap faster than Michael Schumacher. In wetter conditions, we were losing two seconds per lap."


2003 United States Grand Prix, Report, Post-race
According to Räikkönen, who ran with Michelins, "The weather basically lost us the race victory today as we were not as quick in the wet conditions as Michael. I made a good start from pole and was pretty much in control. Once the rain started things changed. We came in at the right times and didn't put a foot wrong but there was nothing we could do."


2003 United States House of Representatives elections
In 2003 there were two special elections to the United States House of Representatives in the 108th United States Congress.


2003 United States elections
The 2003 United States elections, most of which were held on Tuesday, November 4, were off-year elections in which no members of the Congress were standing for election. However, there were three gubernatorial races, state legislative elections in four states, numerous citizen initiatives, mayoral races in several major cities, and a variety of local offices on the ballot.


2003 United States elections
The most high-profile race during this year was the California gubernatorial recall election: California voters replaced incumbent Governor Gray Davis with actor Arnold Schwarzenegger.


2003 United States elections, Federal elections, U.S. House of Representatives special elections
In 2003, two special elections to fill vacancies in the House of Representatives were held. They were for Hawaii's 2nd congressional district (on January 4) and Texas's 19th congressional district (June 3). None of these congressional seats changed party hands.


2003 United States elections, State elections, Gubernatorial elections
Three states held elections for Governor in 2003. In addition to these regularly scheduled elections, California held a recall election. California held a recall election on October 7. Kentucky and Mississippi voted on November 4. Louisiana's election dates do not coincide with that of most states: Louisiana held its open primary on October 4, with a runoff on November 15.


2003 United States elections, State elections, Gubernatorial elections
Going into the elections, Republicans held the governorships of twenty-six states and Democrats held twenty-four. Republicans achieved a net gain of two with victories in Kentucky and Mississippi as well as the successful recall and replacement of Californian Governor Gray Davis with actor Arnold Schwarzenegger, but Democrats succeeded capturing Louisiana's Governorship. Thus, Republicans succeeded in reversing a trend in which Republicans had been losing gubernatorial seats to the Democrats since 1998.


2003 United States elections, State elections, Other statewide elections
In the three states which held regularly scheduled state general elections, elections for state executive branch offices of Lieutenant Governor (in a separate election in Louisiana and Mississippi and on the same ticket as the gubernatorial nominee in Kentucky), Secretary of state, state Treasurer, state Auditor, state Attorney General, and Commissioners of Insurance and Agriculture will be held. In addition, there will also be elections for each states' respective state Supreme Courts and state appellate courts.


2003 United States elections, State elections, State legislative elections
Four states and one territory held elections for their state legislatures.


2003 United States elections, State elections, State legislative elections
The Covenant Party led by Benigno Fitial won control of the Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives, but the Northern Mariana Islands Senate would remain in Republican control. Change in Control of any other state legislature did not occur in Louisiana, Mississippi, New Jersey, or Virginia.


2003 United States elections, Local elections, Mayoral elections
Some of the many major American cities that held their mayoral elections in 2003 included:


2003 United States federal budget
The 2003 United States Federal Budget began as a proposal by President George W. Bush to fund government operations for October 1, 2002 – September 30, 2003. The requested budget was submitted to the 107th Congress on February 4, 2002.


2003 United States gubernatorial elections
The 2003 United States gubernatorial elections were held in four states. Kentucky and Mississippi held their general elections on November 4. Louisiana held the first round of its jungle primary on October 4 and the runoff on November 15. In addition, California held a recall election on October 7.


2003 United States gubernatorial elections
The Republican Party had a net gain of two seats in 2003, picking up an open seat in Kentucky, removing a Democratic governor in California, and defeating a Democratic governor in Mississippi, while losing an open seat to the Democrats in Louisiana. The election cycle was unusual because every seat up for election changed hands. This was the last time a party made net gains in this cycle of gubernatorial elections until 2019.


2003 United States smallpox vaccination campaign
The 2003 United States smallpox vaccination campaign was a vaccination program announced by the White House on 13 December 2002 as preparedness for bioterrorism using smallpox virus. The campaign aimed to provide the smallpox vaccine to those who would respond to an attack, establishing Smallpox Response Teams and using DryVax (containing the NYCBOH strain) to mandatorily vaccinate half a million American military personnel, followed by half a million health care worker volunteers by January 2004. The first vaccine was administered to then-President George W. Bush.


2003 United States smallpox vaccination campaign
The campaign ended early in June 2003, with only 38,257 civilian health care workers vaccinated, after several hospitals refused to participate due to the risk of the live virus infecting vulnerable patients and skepticism about the risks of an attack, and after over 50 heart complications were reported by the CDC. That August, the US Institute of Medicine (IOM) criticized the programme for its costs and not considering other bioterrorism control measures such as surveillance. The adverse cardiac events, including two deaths, were however unlikely to have been caused by the vaccine.


2003 United States smallpox vaccination campaign
A 2005 IOM report noted that some of the problems of the campaign stemmed from administration officials overruling scientific advice on the numbers who should be vaccinated and a lack of communication by the CDC of the public health need, though it found that the campaign had increased general preparedness for sudden occurrences of infectious diseases like that year's monkeypox outbreak and the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak.


2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq
The 2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq was, according to Ambassador John Negroponte, "a resolution to have the Council decide that Iraq is not complying, is out of compliance, with Resolution 1441". Initially introduced on February 24, 2003 and amended on March 7, 2003, the draft set a March 17 deadline for Iraq to demonstrate "full, unconditional, immediate and active cooperation in accordance with its disarmament obligations." The draft was based on information from the Iraqi defector "Curveball," who claimed Saddam Hussein was in possession of weapons of mass destruction, which Curveball later admitted was untrue. The widely discussed UN resolution was not brought up for formal vote after it became clear that it would not have passed due to opposition from France, Russia, and China. The United States invaded Iraq without UN support on March 20, 2003, initiating the Iraq War.


2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq, Background, Timeline, 2001
November 21: According to Bob Woodward in Plan of Attack, the US president, George Bush, says to the secretary of defense, Donald Rumsfeld: "Let’s get started on this."


2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq, Background, The Bush Administration
Critics of the war in Iraq argue the Bush Administration had ulterior motives for the UN resolution. Some argue the Bush administration sought to protect American economic interests and used the investigation and eventual invasion of Iraq to preserve control over massive oil preserves. In 2003 about twenty-five percent of world oil production in 2003 came from Iraq. Saddam Hussein controlled about 60% of the world's known oil reserves. The United States economy relies on oil and is the world's largest net importer of oil.


2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq, Background, The Bush Administration
An invasion meant the Bush administration would gain control of Iraqi oil fields and potentially decrease the price of oil in other OPEC countries. The UN resolution gave the US greater control of what was happening in the country. Any invasion for failing to cooperate with the resolution gave the Bush administration direct control over the country's resources and thus increasing their power in the middle east. Inspecting Iranian weapons also gave the United States a greater presence in the middle east and allowed for the monitoring of extremism in Iran and Saudi Arabia.


2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq, Draft Resolution, Summary of Draft Resolution
While the draft consisted of no hard deadlines or explicit threats of military intervention, it states that Saddam Hussein, president of Iraq, has failed to comply with previous UN resolutions. The draft also warned of “serious consequences” if Iraq continued to pursue weapons of mass destruction. The draft was largely in response to Iraq's refusal to follow Resolution 1441.


2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq, Draft Resolution, Summary of Draft Resolution
In the ninth point the draft proposes that the council  “recognise[es] the threat of Iraq’s non-compliance with Council resolutions” The amendment to the draft on March 7 gives Iraq a deadline, stating that if Iraq refuses to comply with Resolution 1441 by March 17, that there will be further actions taken against Iraq.


2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq, Responses and Public Opinion, Opposition within United Nations
France, Germany, and Russia were the leaders in the opposition to the draft resolution, and were very vocal in representing the disapproval of the resolution amongst members of the UN Security Council. On March 5, the foreign ministers of France (Dominique de Villepin), Germany (Joschka Fischer), and Russia (Igor Ivanov) held a mini-summit in Paris where they discussed their opposition to the resolution. There was no representative of China at the meeting, but Ivanov announced that China agreed with the three countries in opposition to the resolution.


2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq, Responses and Public Opinion, Opposition within United Nations
After the meeting, de Villepen spoke at a press conference, saying, “We will not allow a resolution to pass that authorises resorting to force...Russia and France, as permanent members of the security council, will assume their full responsibilities on this point.” de Villepen noted that Iraq should cooperate better with the inspectors, but all three agreed that they had seen progress from Iraq in disarmament and use of force against Iraq would not be the right decision.


2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq, Responses and Public Opinion, Iraqi Response
Protests in Iraq sprung up shortly after the inception of the war and occasionally caused violent exchanges with the United States military. On April 28, 2003 United States soldiers fired on Iraqi protesters in Baghdad. 13 people were killed and 75 wounded. Two days later, U.S. soldiers fired on a group protesting earlier shootings in Falluja.


2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq, Responses and Public Opinion, Media and Public Opinion
The impact of 9/11 and the nationalizing sentiment that came with it was a heavy influence on the support of American-initiated invasion and in public support for the president. In a poll published in October 2002, days after President George W. Bush issued a public address on the possibility of invasion, surveyors broke down 10 findings on public opinion. The survey showed that at around this time a majority were still in support of invasion but this support was arguably waning. Support was divided along party lines, with a majority of Republicans in support and a majority of Democrats opposed.


2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq, Responses and Public Opinion, Media and Public Opinion
President Bush was pushing the message that the United States had attempted all diplomatic methods and was left with no other choice, but only around 46% of the public bought into that narrative, with 49% wanting to see more diplomatic efforts before an invasion took place. Further requisites for stronger public support included an assurance that casualties would be minimized and that the U.N. backed the invasion, which the public later observed was not the case.


2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq, Responses and Public Opinion, Media and Public Opinion
In the months leading up to the Iraq War and the abandoning of the resolution, anti-war protests and rhetoric gained momentum. On February 15, 2003, protests emerged in around 650 cities globally with estimates of somewhere between 6 and 11 million participants in the largest standing global protest to ever take place. Opinions in response to the decision to go to war remained polarized, but most Americans express their preference for a diplomatic solution over the invasion. In polls conducted by major media outlets, the justifications by Iraq war supporters were broken down.


2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq, Responses and Public Opinion, Media and Public Opinion
More Americans, in a 2-1 ratio, supported the idea of invasion if it was on the principle of removing Saddam Hussein from power, and 60% of those with this view were ready to see this invasion take place within weeks. This view was expressed shortly before the draft was suspended and the invasion actually occurred. Public opinion on the war before the invasion also heavily hinged on the UN's response to the United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq.


2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq, Responses and Public Opinion, Media and Public Opinion
As of March 16, 2003, a day before the abandonment of the resolution, those who were previously in support of invasion would drop to 54% if the UN Security Council rejected the resolution for military action. That number dropped even lower, to 47%, if President Bush would not seek a final Security Council vote before taking military action. Anti


2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq, Responses and Public Opinion, Media and Public Opinion
-war sentiment was somewhat pervasive among civilians before the war and correlated to one's placement on the political spectrum, but was increasingly more dominant across party lines in the later years when it became clear that the war progressed long past its expected timeline and the more people believed the costs were outweighing the benefits.


2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq, Aftermath, Withdrawal of Draft Resolution
On March 17, the revised draft resolution was withdrawn by the United Kingdom's Ambassador to the United Nations, Jeremy Greenstock. He spoke on behalf of the United Kingdom, United States, and Spain, and ended his statement by saying, “Given this situation, the co-sponsors have agreed that we will not pursue a vote on the UK/US/Spanish resolution in blue... The co-sponsors reserve their right to take their own steps to secure the disarmament of Iraq.”On the same day, United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan announced the decision to pull United Nations employees out of Iraq. The 156 inspectors and employees of the International Atomic Energy Agency, as well as the United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC), were seen leaving their headquarters in Baghdad.


2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq, Aftermath, Beginning of Iraq War, Bush’s Ultimatum
On the evening of March 17, President Bush gave an address on live television explaining the current threat of Iraq's weapons, and saying, “America tried to work with the United Nations to address this threat because we wanted to resolve the issue peacefully. We believe in the mission of the United Nations...the United States and our allies are authorized to use force in ridding Iraq of weapons of mass destruction. This is not a question of authority, this is a question of will.”


2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq, Aftermath, Beginning of Iraq War, Bush’s Ultimatum
Expressing his disappointment in the disagreement within the Security Council, he said, “The United Nations Security Council has not lived up to its responsibilities, so we will rise to ours.” President Bush then issued an ultimatum to Saddam Hussein, giving him and his sons 48 hours to leave Iraq. If they chose not to comply, the country would face military action. President Bush also advised Americans working in Iraq to leave the country as soon as possible. He promised to aid Iraqis if the United States did go to war with the country's government, and announced further security measures that were being undertaken by the states and coast.


2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq, Aftermath, Beginning of Iraq War, Invasion of Iraq
The United States moved forward without the support of the United Nations on March 19, 2003. President Bush followed through on his ultimatum to Saddam Hussein and ordered the United States Army to invade Iraq without a declaration of war under the codename “Operation Iraqi Freedom”,  signaling the 2003 invasion of Iraq. President Bush gave an address to the United States within an hour of the first attacks on Baghdad, and warned the country that the fight ahead may be, “could be longer and more difficult than some predict.”


2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq, Aftermath, Beginning of Iraq War, Invasion of Iraq
The operations continued for about a month and a half, On May 1, President Bush gave his Mission Accomplished speech, in which he announced, “Major combat operations in Iraq have ended. In the Battle of Iraq, the United States and our allies have prevailed. And now our coalition is engaged in securing and reconstructing that country.” with a banner reading “Mission Accomplished” visible behind him. However, this United States military involvement did not formally end until December 15, 2011, when United States held a ceremony to mark the full withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq.


2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq, Aftermath, Beginning of Iraq War, United Nations Reaction and Role in Iraq War
The Iraq War began on March 19, 2003, when the United States and United Kingdom launched a bombing campaign. The war commenced two days after the United States, United Kingdom, and Spain abandoned their joint resolution in the United Nations (UN). Since the UN Security Council refused to endorse the joint resolution and US-UK invasion and occupation in March 2003, the US and UK hoped to ignore the UN and operate without restriction in Iraq. However, Iraqi resistance, economic and political problems, and international criticism forced the US and UK to seek international partners, including assistance from the UN.


2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq, Aftermath, Beginning of Iraq War, United Nations Reaction and Role in Iraq War
Controversy ensued as some thought the UN could be the wedge for internationalization and would force US-UK withdrawal, while others thought a UN presence in the war would discredit the UN. Two months after the war, the UN Security Council adopted Security Council Resolution 1483, and UN Security General Kofi Annan appointed a Special Representative for Iraq and the UN assumed small responsibilities in Iraq.


2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq, Aftermath, Beginning of Iraq War, United Nations Reaction and Role in Iraq War
The U.N. Special Representative to Iraq became Vieira de Mello. The main tasks of the representative were to work with U.S. authorities to create a representative government in Iraq, coordinate humanitarian relief, aid reconstruction of Iraq's infrastructure, boost the protection of human rights, and encourage international cooperation to aid the country.


2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq, Aftermath, Beginning of Iraq War, United Nations Reaction and Role in Iraq War
In August 2003, there was a massive bombing of the UN Headquarters in Baghdad which confirmed critics fears. The UN then withdrew from Iraq until February 2004, when under heavy US pressure the UN agreed to send a mission to Iraq to help construct a new government.


2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq, Aftermath, Curveball
Much of the United States’ justification for starting the war was the claim that the Iraqi government was hiding a biological weapon mobile laboratory program. This came from an informant known as “Curveball”, who has since admitted made up the story because he saw an opportunity to topple Saddam Hussein's regime. Curveball was first discovered to be an unreliable source in 2005, and admitted to his false statements in February 2011, revealing himself to be Rafid Ahmed Alwan al-Janabi, an Iraqi defector living in Germany. He stated, “I had a problem with the Saddam regime.


2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq, Aftermath, Curveball
I wanted to get rid of him and now I had this chance... Believe me, there was no other way to bring about freedom in Iraq. There were no other possibilities." Janabi stated to the Guardian that he is proud in his part in taking down Saddam. In 2007, Colin Powell told reporters that he had no idea that Curveball's information was at all untrustworthy. Leaders in intelligence, including former deputy director of National Intelligence, Thomas Fingar, have made clear that the decision to trust Curveball was a mistake.


2003 University of Oxford Chancellor election
The 2003 University of Oxford election for the position of Chancellor was called upon the death of the incumbent Chancellor, Roy Jenkins, Baron Jenkins of Hillhead on 5 January 2003.


2003 University of Oxford Chancellor election, Electorate
The electorate consisted of all members of the University holding the rank of MA. Votes had to be cast in person at Oxford. To stand, a candidate had to be nominated by two MAs.


2003 University of Oxford Chancellor election, Electorate
It was the first such election to be held in which voters were not required to wear academic dress to vote. It was also the first election to use the instant-runoff vote, after the previous election by first past the post in 1987 saw two conservative candidates (Robert Blake, Baron Blake and Sir Edward Heath) splitting the conservative vote at 2,500 each, allowing social democrat Roy Jenkins to win with 3,500 votes.


2003 University of Oxford Chancellor election, The campaign
For much of the race, Chris Patten was generally considered to be the front-runner, due to his high profile as the last Governor of Hong Kong. The bookmaker William Hill offered odds of 7/4 for Mr Patten, 9/4 for Lord Bingham, 11/4 for Lord Neill, and 3/1 for Toksvig.


2003 University of Oxford Chancellor election, The campaign
Sandi Toksvig was the candidate most vociferously opposed to the government's proposed top-up fees, and so received the endorsement of the Oxford University Student Union. However, as most of the union's members were undergraduates, they did not have a vote in the election itself. Lord Neill also declared himself opposed to top-up fees, but said in his candidates' statement that he preferred not to make this the basis of his campaign.


2003 University of Oxford Chancellor election, Result
Polling ran over two days, on 14 and 15 March 2003. The results went to two rounds before one candidate secured more than 50% of the vote.


2003 Upper Austrian state election
The 2003 Upper Austrian state election was held on 28 September 2003 to elect the members of the Landtag of Upper Austria.


2003 Upper Austrian state election
The governing Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) remained the largest party in the face of a strong performance from the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ). The Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ), which had won over 20% in the previous election, lost more than half its vote share and fell to 8%; most of this flowed to the SPÖ. The FPÖ also lost both its state councillors. The Greens became the third largest party and won their first state councillor in Upper Austria. As the ÖVP and SPÖ won four each, the Greens held balance of power in the state government.


2003 Upper Austrian state election
The ÖVP under Governor Josef Pühringer signed a working agreement with the Greens. This was the first ever ÖVP–Green coalition formed on a state level.


2003 Upper Austrian state election, Background
The Upper Austrian constitution mandates that cabinet positions in the state government (state councillors, German: Landesräten) be allocated between parties proportionally in accordance with the share of votes won by each; this is known as Proporz. As such, the government is a perpetual coalition of all parties that qualify for at least one state councillor. Despite this, parties still establish formal coalitions to organise cabinet positions and ensure a Landtag majority for legislative purposes.


2003 Upper Austrian state election, Background
In the 1997 state election, the ÖVP and SPÖ suffered minor losses to the FPÖ and Greens, the latter of which entered the Landtag for the first time. The ÖVP won four state councillors, the SPÖ three, and the FPÖ two.


2003 Upper Austrian state election, Electoral system
The 56 seats of the Landtag of Upper Austria are elected via open list proportional representation in a two-step process. The seats are distributed between five multi-member constituencies. For parties to receive any representation in the Landtag, they must either win at least one seat in a constituency directly, or clear a 4 percent state-wide electoral threshold. Seats are distributed in constituencies according to the Hare quota, with any remaining seats allocated using the D'Hondt method at the state level, to ensure overall proportionality between a party's vote share and its share of seats.


2003 Upper Austrian state election, Contesting parties
The table below lists parties represented in the previous Landtag.


2003 Upper Austrian state election, Contesting parties
In addition to the parties already represented in the Landtag, one party collected enough signatures to be placed on the ballot.


2003 Uruguayan ANCAP referendum
A referendum on repealing the law that abolished the petroleum monopoly held by ANCAP was held in Uruguay on 7 December 2003. The proposal was approved by 64% of voters.


2003 Uruguayan ANCAP referendum, Background
On 27 December 2001 the General Assembly passed law 17,448, abolishing the monopoly held by state-owned petroleum company ANCAP. The Broad Front collected 685,294 signatures against the law. A quorum of 25% of registered voters (607,301) was required to force a referendum. On 25 July the Electoral Court validated 662,675 of the collected signatures, and on 18 August fixed a date for the referendum.


2003 Uruguayan ANCAP referendum, Results
Unassessed votes were those cast by voters away from their local polling station. These would have been counted after their right to vote had been examined, but as the result was not in doubt, the Electoral Court waived the count.


2003 Uruguayan Primera División, Overview
It was contested by 18 teams, and Peñarol won the championship.


2003 Utah State Aggies football team
The 2003 Utah State Aggies football team represented Utah State University as a member of the Sun Belt Conference in 2003 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Aggies were led by fourth-year head coach Mick Dennehy and played their home games in Romney Stadium in Logan, Utah.


2003 Utah Utes football team
The Utah Utes 2003 football team represented the University of Utah in the 2003 NCAA Division I-A football season. This was Urban Meyer's first year coaching at the school, after being hired from Bowling Green. The team played its home games in Rice-Eccles Stadium.


2003 Utah Utes football team, Game summaries, BYU
Utah beat BYU for the second straight year with this 3–0 victory. There was heavy snow fall for much of the game. The victory snapped BYU's NCAA record for scoring in 361 straight games—BYU's first shutout since a 20–0 loss to Arizona State on September 25, 1975.