2001 Marconi Grand Prix of Cleveland, Report, Race
Little changed throughout the field as Gidley continued to extend his lead over 2nd-place Bräck. By Lap 53, Zanardi was able to get around Fernández for 3rd place. On Lap 59, Zanardi initiated the second round of pitstops, giving up his position while the rest of the field went around. He exited just ahead of Wilson, running 18th, who was ahead of GIdley trying not to go a lap down. Wilson, trying to get around Zanardi going into Turn 6, clipped his wing on Zanardi's left rear tire, forcing him to make a lengthy pitstop to change the wing. Zanardi was forced to hit pitlane as well due to a flat tire, doing so at the same time GIdley gave up the lead to Bräck to make his second stop on Lap 62.


2001 Marconi Grand Prix of Cleveland, Report, Race
Bräck led the field for a lap before entering the pits; new leader Fernández stayed out one lap longer before doing the same and handing the lead to Franchitti. The fuel strategy game was finally coming to fruition: cars that were able to save fuel and stay out longer than the leaders, in this case Franchitti, Herta, Moreno, Dixon, and Vasser, could potentially make it to the finish on only two pit stops. Meanwhile, drivers like Gidley and Gil de Ferran, who came in for their second stops a few laps earlier, were committed to a three-stop strategy. Those drivers could run all-out knowing that they had to make a splash-and-go at the end of the race; the two-stoppers would have to depend on saving fuel and hope for caution laps to make it to the end.


2001 Marconi Grand Prix of Cleveland, Report, Race
Franchitti and Herta made their second and last stops of the race on Lap 66, along with a large portion of the field. Vasser was able to stay out until Lap 69 before pitting; Moreno until Lap 70. With the second pitstops finished, Gidley was back in the lead with de Ferran 2nd, Franchitti 3rd, Herta 4th, and Bräck 5th.


2001 Marconi Grand Prix of Cleveland, Report, Race
On Lap 74, Dixon made contact with Tora Takagi going into Turn 6, sending both cars off-track and damaging Dixon's front suspension. He was able to get back to the pits, but by the time the car was able to get back on track he was five laps down.


2001 Marconi Grand Prix of Cleveland, Report, Race
On Lap 80, de Ferran came in for his final stop. Unfortunately, a problem with the fueling mechanism meant that it took fourteen seconds to fill the car with fuel instead of the expected four, dropping him back to 7th place. In the meantime, leader Gidley began to extend his lead over Franchitti with each passing lap, hoping to put enough of a gap between them so that he could potentially come back in 1st place after his final stop.


2001 Marconi Grand Prix of Cleveland, Report, Race
On Lap 86 Fernández came into the pits from 8th place and retired the car due to an engine problem. At the same time, Moreno had gotten around Bräck and was beginning to pressure Herta for 3rd place. On Lap 89, Moreno got tangled up with Herta in Turn 8, sending both gently in the tire barriers. Herta, who was spun around, was able to keep going and only lost one position to Bräck; Moreno stalled the car and had to wait to be restarted before continuing, falling back to 12th.


2001 Marconi Grand Prix of Cleveland, Report, Race
On the next lap Gidley finally entered the pits for a splash-and-go, but the gap was not wide enough to remain in first place; he relinquished the lead to Franchitti and came out of the pits just ahead of Bräck. However, because he did not have worry about saving fuel, he could run at a faster pace and catch up to Franchitti. On Lap 94 Bräck was forced to pit for fuel, giving up 3rd place to Herta and falling back to 5th.


2001 Marconi Grand Prix of Cleveland, Report, Race
Gidley was closing in fast on Franchitti as the laps wound down. By Lap 97 the only car between them was the lapped car of Michael Andretti, but as Gidley looked to overtake Andretti going into Turn 1 he locked up the brakes, losing valuable time. He finally got around Andretti on the next lap, but now Franchitti had lapped Wilson and put four seconds between them. On the last lap of the race, Franchitti was forced to slow down even more; halfway through the lap Gidley was able to get around Wilson and close the gap to first place. It was too little, too late, however, as Franchitti came out of the Turn 9-10 chicane onto the front straightaway and take the checkered flag by just three tenths of a second. Franchitti then ran out of fuel entering Turn 1.


2001 Marconi Grand Prix of Cleveland, Report, Post-race
Franchitti was able to coax the car into victory lane for his seventh career CART win. His last win was at Surfer's Paradise in 1999. It would be his only win of 2001, but he would record two more podiums before the season ended. It was also Team Green's first win of the season. The win vaulted Franchitti into third place in the points standings, while de Ferran's 4th-place finish moved him up three places into 4th overall.


2001 Marconi Grand Prix of Cleveland, Report, Post-race
Gidley's 2nd place in only his second start in the car would be his first of three podiums during the season and of his open-wheel racing career, as well as the first podium for Chip Ganassi Racing in the 2001 season.


2001 Marconi Grand Prix of Cleveland, Report, Post-race
Meanwhile, Herta's 3rd place was a high point in an otherwise mediocre season driving for Forsythe Racing, scoring the team's first podium of the season and kicking off a streak of good results for the team that saw one win and multiple podiums. For Herta, however, his only other points-scoring finish for the rest of the year would be a 5th place at Michigan.


2001 Marlboro 500
The 2001 Marlboro 500 was a Championship Auto Racing Teams (CART) motor race held on November 4, 2001 at the California Speedway, in Fontana, California. It was the 21st and final round of the 2001 CART season and the fifth annual edition of the Marlboro 500 at California Speedway. The 220-lap race was won by Newman/Haas Racing driver Cristiano da Matta who started from second position. Max Papis finished second for Team Rahal and Forsythe Racing driver Alex Tagliani came in third.


2001 Marlboro 500
Tagliani won the pole position but was passed by Bryan Herta on the first lap. Papis moved into the lead on the fifth lap and remained there for 54 laps more than any other driver during the course of the race. Most drivers chose to run in front of the field but not take the lead because they wanted to conserve fuel. The race was reduced from its original distance of 250 laps to 220 because of fading daylight and the event was delayed by morning rain. Da Matta held off Papis at the start-finish line to win after a caution period for a crash involving Scott Dixon ended competitive racing in the event.


2001 Marlboro 500
There were eight cautions and a CART record-breaking 73 lead changes by 19 different drivers during the course of the race. It was da Matta's third (and final) victory of the season, his first in Fontana, and the fourth of his career. Seventh-place finisher Michael Andretti moved in front of Hélio Castroneves to secure third position after the latter retired with an engine failure. 75,000 people attended the event.


2001 Marlboro 500, Background
The Marlboro 500 was confirmed as part of CART's 2001 series schedule in August 2000. It was the fifth consecutive year the race was held in the series, and the final race of the season to be held in the United States. The Marlboro 500 was the 21st and final scheduled race for 2001 by CART, and was held on November 4 at California Speedway, in Fontana, California.


2001 Marlboro 500, Background
Prior to the race, Team Penske driver Gil de Ferran had secured the championship at the previous round of the season (the Honda Indy 300) and held a 28-point lead over second-place driver Kenny Bräck. Hélio Castroneves and Michael Andretti were tied on 141 points in the battle for third place, and Cristiano da Matta was fifth on 120. Honda had already secured the Manufacturers' Championship beforehand and had a points total of 332. Toyota was second on 288, eight ahead of Ford Cosworth in the battle for second position.


2001 Marlboro 500, Background
De Ferran was confident that he could be competitive and achieve a good result without needing to worry about the championship. Da Matta felt his team had learnt more from the series previous race on a superspeedway which he believed would help him in California where he wanted to win.


2001 Marlboro 500, Background
Having moved from 16th to eighth in the points standings with a victory in Laguna Seca and a second-place finish in Germany, Papis stated that he was focused on the race and hoped to clinch his first victory in a 500-mile event despite having not managed to finish a race on a superspeedway in 2001. Bruno Junqueira was excited to race in Fontana and hoped that he could clinch his second victory of the year.


2001 Marlboro 500, Practice and qualifying
Three practice sessions were held before the Sunday race: two on Friday and one on Saturday. The first session ran for 105 minutes, the second 75 minutes, and the third 60 minutes. Conditions were foggy for the first session which cleared later in the day. Junqueira was fastest in the first practice session with a time of 31.948 seconds; Tora Takagi, Paul Tracy, Kenny Bräck, da Matta, Patrick Carpentier, Papis, Tony Kanaan, Michel Jourdain Jr. and Roberto Moreno rounded out the session's top ten drivers.


2001 Marlboro 500, Practice and qualifying
Five yellow caution flags came out: the first was for Carpentier whose engine failed while entering the fourth turn, the second for Bräck after a heavy collision with the turn four outside wall. Adrian Fernández's engine failed which littered debris onto the track, Papis spun on the exit of the frontstretch and damaged the rear of his car when he hit the pit road exit barrier. A track inspection was necessitated after Castroneves' car leaked fluid onto the circuit.


2001 Marlboro 500, Practice and qualifying
In the second practice session, Bräck set the fastest time of the day with a lap of 31:676 seconds, ahead of Junqueira, Tracy. Tagliani, Memo Gidley, Shinji Nakano, Carpentier, Bryan Herta, Fernández and da Matta. The session was temporarily stopped when a track inspection was required after Fernández's right-rear tire blew, and Jourdain's engine failed after exiting turn four. Bräck was fastest in the third practice session with a lap of 31.219 seconds; Papis, da Matta, Kanaan, Tracy, Junqueira, Christian Fittipaldi, Herta, Tagliani and Gidley completed the top ten ahead of qualifying. A track inspection stopped the session for eight minutes after several teams reported that their cars had sustained cut tires.


2001 Marlboro 500, Practice and qualifying
Saturday afternoon's qualifying session ran for 60 minutes. The session began with the slowest driver in the weekend's combined practice sessions going out first with the quickest competitor heading out last. Each driver was restricted to two timed laps. Conditions for the one-hour session were sunny and warm. Tagliani clinched his second pole position of the season and the third of his career with a time of 31.935 seconds. He was joined on the grid's front row by da Matta. Bräck qualified third, Herta fourth and Fittipaldi fifth after he made changes to make his car go faster.


2001 Marlboro 500, Practice and qualifying
Papis, Jourdain, Junqueira, Jimmy Vasser and Scott Dixon rounded out the top ten fastest qualifiers. After completing his lap, Jourdain switched off his engine when smoke emitted from his car's left-hand side leaving turn two and qualifying was temporarily stopped to allow course officials to extract his car. Gidley was the fastest driver not to qualify in the top ten; his fastest time was five-tenths of a second off Tagliani's pace. Nakano, Andretti, Kanaan, Maurício Gugelmin, Oriol Servià, Tracy, Alex Barron and Takagi completed the top-20.


2001 Marlboro 500, Practice and qualifying
21st-place qualifier Casey Mears had his car lose power on his second warm-up lap after exiting the fourth turn and stopped in turn two; he was allowed one attempt to record a timed lap as a result. Dario Franchitti and Moreno qualified in the 22nd and 23rd positions, while Castroneves took 24th. Carpentier, who qualified in 25th, was observed speeding after he exited pit road and was limited to one lap time. On his run, he went up onto the track's dirty side in turn two and removed his foot from the accelerator pedal.


2001 Marlboro 500, Practice and qualifying
Fernández qualified at the back of the grid in 26th position and switched off his engine on the backstretch while on his second warm-up lap and stopped at the bottom of turn three. After qualifying, Tagliani said: "The car is very fast, the team was very quick earlier this year at Michigan and we're looking good right now. We didn't expect to qualify that fast actually, but the car was free and it was great. I think we have a good shot to stay up front with that time."


2001 Marlboro 500, Warm-up
The drivers took to the track at 12:10 local time for a 15-minute warm-up session. It was due to run for 30 minutes but was first delayed by a light rain shower that hit the area in the early morning. Then the session was prematurely ended when Barron drove into pit road with a large amount of fluid coming out from his car. Nakano was the fastest driver with a time of 32.280 seconds which was recorded on his second timed lap. Bräck took second, and Herta rounded out the top three.


2001 Marlboro 500, Race
Weather conditions at the start of the race were cloudy with an air temperature ranging from 72 to 78 °F (22 to 26 °C) and a track temperature between 77 to 91 °F (25 to 33 °C). Approximately 75,000 people attended the event. Most of the field chose a strategy of running at the front of the pack for as long as they could without driving to the lead because it would consume more fuel than needed and thus they elected to draft behind other cars.


2001 Marlboro 500, Race
Barron started from the back of the field because he made a pit stop to have his electronics box changed. The start of the race was delayed to 1.27 p.m. because more rain had fallen. Tagliani maintained his pole position advantage heading into the first turn. Da Matta made a pass around the outside of Tagliani to move into first but Herta got ahead of him to lead the lap. After starting 12th, Tracy had moved into second by the sixth lap, while Herta lost the first position to Papis. Da Matta reclaimed the lead by lap 10 and held a three-tenths advantage over Papis, who in turn was two-tenths in front of Tracy. Franchitti had moved up into fourth, and was 0.6 seconds ahead of Gidley in fifth.


2001 Marlboro 500, Race
Tracy moved into the first position three laps later with Gidley running in his draft to clinch second place. Gidley drove right and got ahead of Tracy for the position entering the first turn. Castroneves took over first place when he passed Gidley on lap 16, but lost it to Papis two laps later. Gidley reclaimed the position on the 22nd lap, but Castroneves passed him three laps later. Da Matta and Castroneves shared first place over the following two laps. Papis retook the lead from Castroneves on the 31st lap.


2001 Marlboro 500, Race
The first caution of the race was prompted on the following lap when Bräck spun and made heavy contact with the turn two outside wall and stopped at the bottom of the corner. He was uninjured but retired from the race. All of the leaders elected to make pit stops for fuel. Papis remained the leader at the lap-45 restart, and was followed by Castroneves. Kanaan moved into the lead by lap 50, but Papis retook it on the outside of turn one on the following lap. Gidley moved back into the lead by overtaking Papis on the inside of the first turn.


2001 Marlboro 500, Race
Herta retired on lap 55 when he slowed on the frontstretch with a voltage regulator problem, which cut out his engine. Da Matta moved back into first on the next lap, but Gidley reclaimed the position four laps later. Tracy slowed on the backstraight on lap 64 and drove to pit road to retire with a loss of engine power. On the 72nd lap, Vasser took the lead from Papis. Franchitti lost engine power after leaving turn one and drove down the backstraight to retire, necessitating the second caution. All drivers chose to make pit stops under caution.


2001 Marlboro 500, Race
The race resumed on lap 80 with da Matta passing Castroneves to move back into first place. Da Matta fell to fourth after he was passed by Vasser to his right at turn one and Castroneves moved into second five laps later. Papis retook the first position on lap 86. Castroneves pulled off the track at turn four and stopped at the pit road exit to retire with an engine failure on the following lap. Mears moved into the lead on lap 87, but lost it to Papis two laps later. Da Matta and Papis traded the first position over laps 91 to 98. Tagliani took the lead on the 99th lap.


2001 Marlboro 500, Race
Da Matta reclaimed the first position on lap 103 before losing it to Papis on the next lap. After coming from a lap behind the rest of the field, Carpentier moved into the lead on lap 105, although Papis retook it on the following lap. Da Matta and Mears both held the position over the next two laps before Papis reclaimed it on lap 109. Andretti passed Papis to move into the first position on lap 110, before the Italian reclaimed it on the next lap.


2001 Marlboro 500, Race
Da Matta, Andretti, Papis and Fernández all held the position over the following four laps. Green-flag pit stops began on lap 116. Papis and da Matta made their pit stops on laps 119 and 120. After the pit stops, Fernández moved back into the lead. Fittiapldi took over the first position on the 133rd lap, before Fernández passed him to retake the lead four laps later. Papis and Moreno shared the first position between laps 139 and 140, before da Matta retook the position seven laps later. Papis passed him to reclaim the lead on lap 148. Fernández moved back into first place on lap 150, and held a 0.7 second advantage over da Matta, who in turn was three-tenths of a second in front of Papis.


2001 Marlboro 500, Race
On lap 155, the third caution was given; Gugelmin's engine failed on the frontstretch and stopped at turn one. Course officials were required to clear the track up to the first turn. All of the leaders, including Fernández, made pit stops for fuel. Most of the teams instructed their drivers to conserve fuel in the hope they could reach the end of the race. Moreno's car billowed smoke on lap 160 but continued. Da Matta gained the lead for the restart on lap 167. After restarting from third, Papis moved into the lead two laps later.


2001 Marlboro 500, Race
Kannan took over the first position on the 171st lap, before Junqueira passed him on the next lap. A section of front wing became dislodged from Moreno's car while entering turn three on lap 176, which triggered the fourth caution. During the caution, CART Chief Stewart Chris Kneifel announced the event's distance would be reduced from 250 to 230 laps because of fading sunlight, and the leaders elected to make pit stops. Moreno remained the leader at the lap-183 restart but was overtaken by Junqueira in turn one. After restarting third, Tagliani fell to sixth. Carpentier passed Junqueira for the lead two laps later.


2001 Marlboro 500, Race
The fifth caution was shown on lap 188 when Moreno's engine failed on the top of the fourth turn and stopped at the exit of pit road to retire. Some drivers made pit stops for fuel under caution which would allow them to finish the race by using a rich fuel mixture which increased their top speeds. Racing resumed at the start of lap 196. Fernández veered right under acceleration on the same lap into the turn three entrance wall which removed his right-front wing section and his wheel.


2001 Marlboro 500, Race
He slid across the track and stopped at the turn three infield apron, and the sixth caution was displayed. Consequently, Kneifel removed a further ten laps from the race's overall distance. The race restarted on lap 202 with Serviá battling Junqueira at the start-finish line for the lead. Serviá passed Junqueira shortly afterward and da Matta moved into second position. Tagliani overtook Serviá for second place on lap 204, while Papis passed Junqueira for fourth three laps later. De Ferran lost third after he was passed by Papis on the 209th lap; his engine went soft and sustained a punctured left-rear tire which increased understeer.


2001 Marlboro 500, Race
On lap 213, Papis went underneath da Matta to move back into the lead, before da Matta reclaimed the position on the following lap. Dixon steered right at the third turn on lap 216. and made heavy contact with the outside wall which he slid against. His right-hand side was heavily damaged and his right-rear wheel became detached and the final caution was prompted. Da Matta battled Papis for first place after holding it while the field was under caution. He held it for the remaining four laps to win the race. Papis finished second with Tagliani third.


2001 Marlboro 500, Race
Junqueira took fourth and Kanaan finished in fifth. De Ferran, Andretti, Mears, Barron and Carpentier rounded out the top ten. Serviá, Vasser, Fittipadi, Gidley, Takagi and Jourdain were the last of the classified finishers. There were a CART record-breaking 73 lead changes in the race; 19 drivers reached the front of the field. Papis' total of 54 laps led was the highest of any competitor. Da Matta led 16 times, for a total of 53 laps. The victory was the fourth of da Matta's CART career, his second in a row, and the final of three victories he posted in the 2001 season. The attrition race was low, with 16 of the 26 starters finishing the race.


2001 Marlboro 500, Race, Post-race
Da Matta appeared in victory lane and later on the podium to celebrate his third win of the season; the victory earned him $1 million. He was happy with the result: "I was pretty confident in the car and could go flat down to the end. You need to be a little lucky, being in the right place at the right time. For everybody, it's a very exciting race. We were racing all together all the time."


2001 Marlboro 500, Race, Post-race
Da Matta stated he did not want to lead the race with two laps remaining because of the draft and believed there would be a larger battle for the victory. Second-place finisher Papis said his team were planning a new strategy after the race's distance was reduced and had been looking forward to further racing and congratulated Da Matta on winning the race. Tagliani, who finished in third, revealed that he lifted from his accelerator pedal and ran in fifth gear on the backstraight and stated it was about conserving fuel and avoiding being caught in any incidents. He said the final ten laps felt like qualifying lap times and felt the race before then was "kind of boring, just driving around and around."


2001 Marlboro 500, Race, Post-race
Fourth-place finisher Junqueira felt he could have won the race had a caution flag not been displayed. Franchitti was disappointed not to finish: "It's such a shame because I really think we had a shot at the million dollars. We weren't really stretching the engine, either. We were just cruising along. We didn't want to lead the thing because of fuel consumption. We were running in the draft, looking real good." Despite his crash on lap 196, Fernández was pleased with his car as he felt comfortable driving along the race track: "We were having a great race.


2001 Marlboro 500, Race, Post-race
This was one of the best cars I have had at a superspeedway." Bräck stated his car experienced oversteer while driving alongside other competitors but felt his car ran efficiently. Tracy said his engine failure was a "disappointment" for his team and felt he had a car that could win the race. He said the event summed up a "season of frustration" but affirmed that his team would refocus and prepare for 2002. British magazine Autosport described it as similar to "a NASCAR restrictor plate race" because the cars often drove two or three abreast while racing in packs.


2001 Marlboro 500, Race, Post-race
De Ferran ended the 2001 season with 199 points in the Drivers' Championship, 36 ahead of Bräck in second. Seventh-place finisher Andretti moved into third place, while Castroneves' retirement dropped him to fourth. Da Matta tied Castroneves on 141 points but finished fifth in the final standings due to countback. Honda finished the year with a 33-point advantage over their nearest rival Toyota, who won the battle for second over Ford Cosworth.


2001 Mars Odyssey
2001 Mars Odyssey is a robotic spacecraft orbiting the planet Mars. The project was developed by NASA, and contracted out to Lockheed Martin, with an expected cost for the entire mission of US$297 million. Its mission is to use spectrometers and a thermal imager to detect evidence of past or present water and ice, as well as study the planet's geology and radiation environment. It is hoped that the data Odyssey obtains will help answer the question of whether life existed on Mars and create a risk-assessment of the radiation that future astronauts on Mars might experience. It also acts as a relay for communications between the Curiosity rover, and previously the Mars Exploration Rovers and Phoenix lander, to Earth. The mission was named as a tribute to Arthur C. Clarke, evoking the name of his and Stanley Kubrick's 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey.


2001 Mars Odyssey
Odyssey was launched April 7, 2001, on a Delta II rocket from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, and reached Mars orbit on October 24, 2001, at 02:30 UTC (October 23, 19:30 PDT, 22:30 EDT).


2001 Mars Odyssey
On May 28, 2002 (sol 210), NASA reported that Odyssey's GRS instrument had detected large amounts of hydrogen, a sign that there must be ice lying within a meter of the planet's surface, and proceeded to map the distribution of water below the shallow surface. The orbiter also discovered vast deposits of bulk water ice near the surface of equatorial regions.


2001 Mars Odyssey
By December 15, 2010, it broke the record for longest serving spacecraft at Mars, with 3,340 days of operation. Odyssey has also served as the primary means of communications for NASA's Mars surface explorers in the past decade, up to the Curiosity rover. It currently holds the record for the longest-surviving continually active spacecraft in orbit around a planet other than Earth, ahead of the Pioneer Venus Orbiter (served 14 years) and the Mars Express (serving over 17 years), at 19 years, 10 months and 29 days. As of 2019 October it is in a polar orbit around Mars with a semi-major axis of about 3,800 km or 2,400 miles. It has enough propellant to function until 2025.


2001 Mars Odyssey, Naming
In August 2000, NASA solicited candidate names for the mission. Out of 200 names submitted, the committee chose Astrobiological Reconnaissance and Elemental Surveyor, abbreviated ARES (a tribute to Ares, the Greek god of war). Faced with criticism that this name was not very compelling, and too aggressive, the naming committee reconvened. The candidate name "2001 Mars Odyssey" had earlier been rejected because of copyright and trademark concerns. However, NASA e-mailed Arthur C. Clarke in Sri Lanka, who responded that he would be delighted to have the mission named after his books, and he had no objections. On September 20, NASA associate administrator Ed Weiler wrote to the associate administrator for public affairs recommending a name change from ARES to 2001 Mars Odyssey. Peggy Wilhide then approved the name change.


2001 Mars Odyssey, Mission
Mars Odyssey launched from Cape Canaveral on April 7, 2001, and arrived at Mars about 200 days later on October 24. Upon arrival, the spacecraft's main engine fired in order to decelerate, which allowed it to be captured into orbit around Mars. Odyssey then spent about 76 days aerobraking, using aerodynamic drag from the upper reaches of the Martian atmosphere to gradually slow down and reduce and circularize its orbit.


2001 Mars Odyssey, Mission
By planning to use the atmosphere of Mars to slow the spacecraft in its orbit rather than firing its engine or thrusters, Odyssey did not need an additional 200 kilograms (440 lb) of propellant onboard. This reduction in spacecraft weight allowed the mission to be launched on a Delta II 7925 launch vehicle, rather than a larger, more expensive launcher.


2001 Mars Odyssey, Mission
Aerobraking ended in January 2002, and Odyssey began its science mapping mission on February 19, 2002. Odyssey's original, nominal mission lasted until August 2004, but repeated mission extensions have kept the mission active.


2001 Mars Odyssey, Mission
The payload's MARIE radiation experiment stopped taking measurements after a large solar event bombarded the Odyssey spacecraft on October 28, 2003. Engineers believe the most likely cause is that a computer chip was damaged by a solar particle smashing into the MARIE computer board.


2001 Mars Odyssey, Mission
About 85% of images and other data from NASA's twin Mars Exploration Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, have reached Earth via communications relay by Odyssey. The orbiter helped analyze potential landing sites for the rovers and performed the same task for NASA's Phoenix mission, which landed on Mars in May 2008. Odyssey aided NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, which reached Mars in March 2006, by monitoring atmospheric conditions during months when the newly arrived orbiter used aerobraking to alter its orbit into the desired shape.


2001 Mars Odyssey, Mission
Odyssey is in a Sun-synchronous orbit, which provides consistent lighting for its photographs. On September 30, 2008 (sol 2465) the spacecraft altered its orbit to gain better sensitivity for its infrared mapping of Martian minerals. The new orbit eliminated the use of the gamma ray detector, due to the potential for overheating the instrument at the new orbit.


2001 Mars Odyssey, Mission
The orbiter's orientation is controlled by a set of three reaction wheels and a spare. When one failed in June 2012, the fourth was spun up and successfully brought into service. Since July 2012, Odyssey has been back in full, nominal operation mode following three weeks of 'safe' mode on remote maintenance.


2001 Mars Odyssey, Mission
Mars Odyssey's THEMIS instrument was used to help select a landing site for the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL). Several days before MSL's landing in August 2012, Odyssey's orbit was altered to ensure that it would be able to capture signals from the rover during its first few minutes on the Martian surface. Odyssey also acted as a relay for UHF radio signals from the (MSL) rover Curiosity. Because Odyssey is in a Sun-synchronous orbit, it consistently passes over Curiosity's location at the same two times every day, which allowed for convenient scheduling of contact with Earth.


2001 Mars Odyssey, Mission
On February 11, 2014, mission control accelerated Odyssey's drift toward a morning-daylight orbit to "enable observation of changing ground temperatures after sunrise and after sunset in thousands of places on Mars". The orbital change occurred gradually until November 2015. Those observations could yield insight about the composition of the ground and about temperature-driven processes, such as warm seasonal flows observed on some slopes, and geysers fed by spring thawing of carbon dioxide (CO2) ice near Mars' poles.


2001 Mars Odyssey, Mission
On October 19, 2014, NASA reported that the Mars Odyssey Orbiter, as well as the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and MAVEN, were healthy after the Comet Siding Spring flyby.


2001 Mars Odyssey, Mission
In 2010, a spokesman for NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory stated that Odyssey could continue operating until at least 2016. This estimate has since been extended until 2025.


2001 Mars Odyssey, Mission, Major discoveries
By 2008, Mars Odyssey had mapped the basic distribution of water below the shallow surface. The ground truth for its measurements came on July 31, 2008, when NASA announced that the Phoenix lander confirmed the presence of water on Mars, as predicted in 2002 based on data from the Odyssey orbiter. The science team is trying to determine whether the water ice ever thaws enough to be available for microscopic life, and if carbon-containing chemicals and other raw materials for life are present.


2001 Mars Odyssey, Mission, Major discoveries
The orbiter also discovered vast deposits of bulk water ice near the surface of equatorial regions. Evidence for equatorial hydration is both morphological and compositional and is seen at both the Medusae Fossae formation and the Tharsis Montes.


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash
On August 25, 2001, a Cessna 402 twin-engine light aircraft crashed shortly after takeoff from Marsh Harbour Airport on the Abaco Islands of the Bahamas, killing the pilot and all eight passengers on board. Among the victims were American singer and actress Aaliyah and members of her entourage, including a hairdresser, her bodyguard and a record executive. The group had just completed filming of a music video and had chartered the flight to return to Florida.


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash
The subsequent investigation determined that the aircraft had attempted to take off while heavily overloaded; the eight passengers exceeded its certified maximum of seven. It also emerged that the pilot did not have the required qualifications to fly the aircraft type involved and had falsified relevant documents to obtain his pilot license.


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Background
Appearing on BET's 106 & Park on August 21, 2001, Aaliyah announced that shooting of the video for the single "Rock the Boat", to be directed by Hype Williams, would begin the following day. Nearly sixty people worked on the video in the Bahamas. On August 22, she travelled to Miami, Florida, and filmed dance routines backed by a green screen during the day, with underwater shots for the video in the evening. On August 23, Aaliyah and employees of Virgin Records America flew to the Bahamas on two flights using a Fairchild Metro III, chartered through Sky Limo. She was scheduled to leave the Bahamas on August 26, but chose to leave the day before since she had finished early. Williams recalled, "Aaliyah left mid-production, so we were still shooting when she left."


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Background
The New York Post printed one of the last photographs taken of Aaliyah, but wrongly labeled it as taken just before the crash flight departed, with a fan who wanted it as a souvenir. The photo was in fact taken when Aaliyah arrived in the Bahamas on Thursday, August 23.


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Accident
On Saturday, August 25, after Aaliyah had completed filming her portions of the music video for "Rock the Boat", at 18:50 (EDT), she and record company employees boarded a twin-engine Cessna 402B (registration N8097W) at the Marsh Harbour Airport, on the Abaco Islands, for the return trip back to Opa-locka Airport in Florida. The aircraft designated for the return flight was smaller than the one on which they had originally arrived, but it still had room to take on the whole party and all of their equipment.


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Accident
The passengers had grown impatient because the Cessna was supposed to arrive at 16:30 EDT, but did not arrive until 18:15 EDT. Charter pilot Lewis Key claimed to have overheard passengers arguing with the pilot, Luis Morales III, prior to take off, adding that Morales warned them that there was too much weight for a "safe flight". Key further stated: "He tried to convince them the plane was overloaded, but they insisted they had chartered the plane and they had to be in Miami Saturday night." Key indicated that Morales gave in to the passengers and that he had trouble starting one of the engines.


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Accident
The aircraft crashed shortly after takeoff, about 200 feet (60 m) from the runway. Aaliyah and seven of the eight others on board were killed instantly. The other passenger, a security guard, died shortly afterwards and, according to paramedics, spent his last moments worrying about Aaliyah's condition.


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Accident
One witness recalled the condition of the bodies: "It was an awful sight. Some bodies were so badly disfigured, you couldn't identify them. And two guys were alive — one screaming and screaming for help. He was horribly burned all over." A pilot who witnessed the crash saw the Cessna go down as he was working on some machinery "about half a mile" away. He recalled the aircraft being only "60 to 100 feet" off the ground before it crashed. He went to get a fire truck and was stunned by what he saw upon arriving at the crash site. "It was pretty devastating. The aircraft was broken into pieces and some of the seats were thrown from the aircraft."


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Reaction
Fans of Aaliyah were reportedly grieving in New York City, where the singer had spent the first five years of her life before relocating to Detroit. Quincy Jones told the Associated Press that he was devastated by her death. Bahamanian tourism minister O. Tommy Turnquest stated: "We find it devastating and most unfortunate that after having this world-famous star Aaliyah and her crew select the Bahamas as their choice location for her latest video, the project has climaxed on such a tragic note." Two days after she died, on August 27, fans gathered near her former high school to remember her in a candlelight vigil. By August 29, nearly 6,000 people had emailed BBC News "expressing shock and sorrow" at her death.


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Reaction
Gladys Knight said she felt "blessed" to have known Aaliyah and stated: "I watched her grow up, and, with the rest of the world, saw her achieve success with her special and unique talents." She continued: "From an early age, I knew she had enormous talents, an intrinsic gift. When she first performed with me in Las Vegas, she was still quite young, but she already had it - that spark the world would later see and fall in love with."


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Reaction
Silbert Mills, an official on Abaco Island, reported the denizens playing her music there and added: "That's the whole tragedy of it. We felt as if we knew her, yet we didn't." Destiny's Child lead singer Beyoncé Knowles praised her good nature and stated: "She was one of the first celebrities we met, she was so nice, we went out, we hung out with her, and it's really sad and we're trying to be strong." Lil' Kim described the crash as "really devastating" and said she "could never find anything bad about her".


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Reaction
Actor Jet Li, Aaliyah's co-star from the film Romeo Must Die, heard of her death and was "deeply saddened that she is no longer with us. She was a wonderful and talented artist who will be missed by everyone whose lives she touched." DMX called her "talented, classy, warm, beautiful, compassionate, humble." Damon Dash said he was "crushed and heartbroken over the loss of such a beautiful and talented woman whom I loved deeply and meant the world to me".


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Reaction
And Combs remembered Aaliyah as "just one of those individuals that would light up a room", adding: "She was very down to earth. She was a special individual... We all saw her grow up from a little girl into a woman. It's a hard, sad day for everyone." Ginuwine referred to her as family, said he would miss her and offered his condolences to her family, while speaking to the New York Daily News from Los Angeles. Brian McKnight complimented Aaliyah as being "really genuine and nice and not jaded about being a star". Jill Scott said she felt numb over Aaliyah's death given her age, talent and beauty and added, "It hurts, and it's sad, and we'll miss her."


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Reaction
On August 27, Star, a shock jock at New York radio station Hot 97, mocked Aaliyah's death by playing a tape of a woman screaming while a crash was heard in the background. Rumors circulated that he was attacked by friends of Aaliyah, which he denied. Star was suspended and expressed remorse for his actions, admitting they were in "poor taste". He said, "I'm trying not to make fun of anything Aaliyah-related right now, because I'm aware people are trying to focus all their anger on me."


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Remains returned to the United States
On August 28, Aaliyah's remains were transported from the Bahamas back to the United States. Over 100 people waited outside the funeral home in Nassau as four men lifted her coffin into a hearse. It was then taken to the Nassau International Airport, where a private jet waited to return the body to Newark International Airport in Newark, New Jersey.


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Remains returned to the United States
The other victims' bodies were repatriated on August 29. A U.S. Embassy spokesman reported that Virgin Records America paid the cost of all mortuary services in the Bahamas, the return of the bodies to the U.S., as well as the funerals.


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Remains returned to the United States
Aaliyah's family were staying at the Trump International Hotel in New York when her body was returned. Staff reported flowers and condolences had been sent in steadily since her death. A worker at the reception desk disclosed that at least 500 bouquets, delivered mostly by grieving fans, had arrived for the family in the three days between the crash and the return of her body. Aaliyah's publicist, Jill Fritzo, said the Haughton family was touched by the support they received from fans and reported the condition of the family: "They're hanging in there. It's very tough for them".


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Investigation
According to the findings of an inquest conducted by the coroner's office in the Bahamas, Aaliyah suffered from "severe burns and a blow to the head", in addition to severe shock and a weak heart. The coroner theorized that she went into such a state of shock that even if she had survived the crash, her recovery would have been nearly impossible. The bodies, some of them badly burned, were taken to the morgue at Princess Margaret Hospital in Nassau, where they remained until relatives made positive identification.


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Investigation
The subsequent investigation determined that when the aircraft attempted to depart, it was over its maximum takeoff weight by 700 pounds (320 kg) and had one more passenger than it was certified to carry. An informational report issued by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) stated, "The airplane was seen lifting off the runway, and then nose down, impacting in a marsh on the south side of the departure end of runway 27." It indicated that pilot Morales was not approved to fly the aircraft.


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Investigation
Morales had falsely obtained his FAA license by showing logs of hundreds of flight hours he had never flown. He may also have falsified the number of hours he had flown to get the job with his employer, Blackhawk International Airways. Additionally, Morales' toxicology report revealed traces of cocaine and alcohol in his system.


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Investigation
The NTSB reported that the maximum allowed gross weight of the aircraft was "substantially exceeded" and that the center of gravity was positioned beyond its rear limit. The U.S. joined the investigation on August 27, 2001, as authorities from the NTSB and the FAA arrived in the Bahamas. On August 31, the day of Aaliyah's funeral, an independent expert of the Cessna Pilots Association reported that the aircraft was overloaded. His statement came as investigators declined to comment on weight being a factor in the crash.


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Criticism of Blackhawk
Blackhawk International Airways came under scrutiny by the FAA, which reported that the charter service had authorization for limited use of the aircraft, including that only one specific, named pilot was permitted to fly the aircraft and that Morales was not that authorized pilot. In the three years prior to the crash, Blackhawk was cited four times for violations. The company was fined $1,500 in 1998 (equivalent to $2,400 in 2020) for violating safety rules in U.S. airspace.


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Criticism of Blackhawk
It received a warning for not testing employees for drugs in 1999 and was cited in 2000 for failing to comply with maintenance standards. Gilbert Chacon, head of Blackhawk at the time of the crash, pleaded guilty in 1993 to bankruptcy fraud involving another charter service. There was no evidence that Blackhawk managers had prior knowledge of Chacon's background.


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Criticism of Blackhawk, Pilot's background
After the crash, revelations came to light concerning Morales' private life, as well as his activities during the final month before the crash. From an early age, Morales had expressed interest in aviation. His grandfather was a commercial pilot who gave him his first flights at age eleven. Morales began formal flight training at age seventeen at the Isla Grande Flying School at Fernando Ribas Dominicci Airport in Isla Grande, San Juan, Puerto Rico.


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Criticism of Blackhawk, Pilot's background
Following the accident, authorities told his relatives not to discuss the case; however, Morales' sister spoke on behalf of the family: "We are confident the investigation is not going to disclose anything that would involve negligence on behalf of my brother. He has vast experience flying planes. He had been doing it since he was 14... They are talking about a person who cannot defend himself."


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Criticism of Blackhawk, Pilot's background
Morales received his pilot's license in February 2000. His job for Blackhawk was his second attempt to work as a commercial pilot since getting his license. In October 2000, he had been turned down for being too inexperienced after applying to Tropic Air of Fort Lauderdale. Broward County Sheriff's records showed Morales had been caught with crack cocaine in his car after being pulled over for driving his car through a stop sign on August 7, 2001; he was booked on a felony cocaine-possession charge. He was also charged for driving with a suspended license and running a stop sign. The arrest report stated that Morales told officers he was in the area to purchase powder cocaine for a friend.


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Criticism of Blackhawk, Pilot's background
The Associated Press, The Palm Beach Post and other news outlets reported allegations that Morales had been sentenced to probation on August 13, 2001, the result of being found with a small amount of cocaine in his car during the traffic stop. Other reports, such as one by The New York Times on September 8, and another in the Broward County Sun-Sentinel, questioned whether he was qualified to fly the aircraft. Gabriel Penagaricano, a lawyer for the Morales family, dismissed any questions about Morales' flight record as "the words of a fool".


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Criticism of Blackhawk, Pilot's background
He defended Morales as a "young man, totally dedicated to his profession ... [ who] had set his sights on flying for one of the major airlines. In the meantime, he was doing what everybody else of his age and experience does, which is to fly for a charter operator in order to build up flying time." Penagaricano claimed Morales was "certainly" qualified to pilot a Cessna 402B. Shortly before the crash, Morales was fired as a pilot from Golden Airlines in Florida for failing to appear at work.


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Criticism of Blackhawk, Pilot's background
On August 28, 2001, U.S. aviation officials said that Morales had been hired by Blackhawk just two days before the crash and was not authorized by the FAA to fly the aircraft for the operator. FAA records showed that Blackhawk was clear to fly aircraft under a single-pilot certificate. However, according to Kathleen Bergen, Morales was not on the name authorization papers. Bergen did not identify the pilot who was on the papers, since "it would not be appropriate" to release it, but confirmed Morales was not qualified to fly the Cessna.


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Criticism of Blackhawk, Pilot's background
Morales's father addressed his son's death and responsibility in the crash: "Luis was responsible for nine lives - eight plus his own. Someone is going to have to respond for those eight lives. And someone is going to have to respond for his life to me." He said he had spoken to his son in early August 2001 and the younger Morales related he was doing something he was passionate about.


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Lawsuits
The day of the crash was Morales' first official day with Blackhawk, an FAA Part 135 single-pilot operation. He was not registered with the FAA to fly for Blackhawk and, as a result of the accident, Aaliyah's parents filed a wrongful death lawsuit against the company, which was settled out of court for an undisclosed amount.


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Lawsuits
Barry & Sons, Inc., a corporation formed in 1992 to develop, promote and capitalize Aaliyah, and to oversee the production and distribution of her records and music videos, brought an unsuccessful lawsuit in the New York Supreme Court against Instinct Productions LLC, the company that was hired in August 2001 to produce the music video for "Rock the Boat". The case was dismissed because New York's wrongful death statute permits only certain people related to the deceased to recover damages for wrongful death.


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Lawsuits, Family lawsuits
The families of Foreman and Dodd filed lawsuits against Virgin Records America, alleging the record company was negligent in chartering the aircraft that crashed, killing all the passengers. The lawsuit noted that Blackhawk had been cited four times in the previous four years. At a news conference, attorney Brian Panish charged that the crash victims died instantly because Virgin Records America "put profits over people".


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Lawsuits, Family lawsuits
In less than a week, the relatives of Gallin sued Virgin Records America, claiming that the label, and its affiliated music and video production units, were liable for his death because they handled the arrangements for Aaliyah's video shoot in the Bahamas. Gallin's relatives claimed that the label should have hired a "competent" transportation broker and air charter company, and that Blackhawk allowed the pilot to fly the aircraft even though he was unqualified, and took off with it dangerously overloaded. Stuart Grossman represented the Gallin family during the lawsuit and reasoned that even the pilot did not want to take off because of overloading and called it "outrageous". He added: "This is a case of trying to put a size 12 foot in a size 10 shoe."


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Lawsuits, Diane and Michael Haughton lawsuit
In May 2002, Aaliyah's parents filed a lawsuit, similar to those filed by the families of Foreman and Dodd, against Virgin Records America in Los Angeles, alleging negligence. Their lawsuit claimed that a "dangerous and unsafe configuration" of the Cessna was the cause of the crash and that it was the "wrong plane" for the charter flight; the litigation also asserted that Morales was not properly qualified to operate the aircraft. In addition to suing Virgin Records, the lawsuit named Blackhawk, music video director Harold Williams, Instinct Productions, Big Dog House Films, Blackground Records LLC and Skystream.


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Lawsuits, Diane and Michael Haughton lawsuit
An investigator for the Bahamian Civil Aviation Department stated neither Blackhawk nor Skystream had a permit to operate commercial charter flights in the Bahamas. In September 2003, the Haughtons' lawyers filed a notice in federal court that the case had been settled with an agreement to keep the monetary details confidential.


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Lawsuits, Nassau funeral home
In August 2002, the funeral home that had prepared the crash victims' bodies publicly accused Virgin Records America of not paying its bill. Loretta Butler-Turner, of Butler's Funeral Homes and Crematorium in Nassau, told Time magazine that $68,000 was spent preparing the bodies and, at the time, Virgin executives Ken and Nancy Berry agreed to cover all expenses. At the time of Turner's announcement, the Berrys had left the record label. Turner tried to contact executives at Virgin Records and appealed to the U.S. Embassy in Nassau for help, but failed to resolve the situation. Although the funeral home did not take legal action, Turner did contact Robert Spragg, the Haughtons' lawyer. According to Spragg, the label also owed the Haughton family money for funeral costs, stating: "Those payments were never made to the family to reimburse those costs, and they were substantial".


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Lawsuits, Nassau funeral home
Turner spoke to E! Online about the case and reflected on how events had unfolded. "Because Aaliyah was, in their words, 'high profile,' they asked us to expedite things. So we were working over the weekend to get the bodies out as quickly as possible," Turner said. "[The deal] was all verbal, but the truth of the matter is, [the Berrys] knew they were obliged. They contacted all of the families themselves, sent us all of the necessary information, and told us not to deal directly with the family members, that they would be responsible." It was reported that Aaliyah's parents planned to file a lawsuit against Virgin Records for not fulfilling its promise to pay Aaliyah's funeral expenses. Turner said she would hold on to the victims' death certificates, which were required before estates could be settled or lawsuits could be filed.


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Lawsuits, Nassau funeral home
Turner said she had been unsuccessful in contacting Virgin executives by telephone calls, letters and faxes. She said the funeral home had a good relationship with the U.S. Embassy, which, according to her, had supported a potential lawsuit against Virgin Records since Butler's was a reputable company. "Now this reputable company [Virgin] has kept us waiting for nearly a year and have basically said, since the Berrys are no longer there, they have no responsibility to us. I don't know if they think we are some sort of Third-World banana republic and we're not up to scratch, but it just gives a pretty bad view of things in our view."


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, Lawsuits, Ruling on the lawsuit against Instinct Productions
In May 2004, a judge ruled that Blackground Entertainment, Aaliyah's record company, could sue Instinct Productions, which had provided transportation for the "Rock the Boat" shoot. Blackground had filed a negligence lawsuit in civil court against Instinct in November 2003. Instinct argued that Blackground had no right to recover damages since Aaliyah was a company employee. But Judge Carol Edmead found that Aaliyah was also Blackground's chief asset. She wrote that the company's "growth and prosperity were primarily the result of its efforts to successfully develop and nurture Aaliyah's career". Edmead noted the company was founded in 1992 by Barry Hankerson for the sole purpose of promoting Aaliyah, who was thirteen at the time.


2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash, In popular culture
The Jay-Z song "Glory" mentioned the crash, warning his daughter to exercise safety in the lyric, "Just make sure the plane you’re on is bigger than your carry-on baggage".


2001 Marshall Thundering Herd football team
The 2001 Marshall Thundering Herd football team represented Marshall University in the 2001 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Thundering Herd played their home games at Marshall University Stadium in Huntington, West Virginia, and competed in the East Division of the Mid-American Conference (MAC). The team was coached by sixth-year head coach Bob Pruett. Marshall finished the season with a 64–61 win over  East Carolina in the GMAC Bowl. It was the highest scoring bowl game in college football history.


2001 Marshall Thundering Herd football team, Team players drafted in the NFL
The following players were selected in the 2002 NFL Draft.


2001 Maryland Terrapins football team
The 2001 Maryland Terrapins football team represented the University of Maryland in its 49th season in the Atlantic Coast Conference' (ACC). The Terps closed the regular season with a record of 10–1, with its only loss coming to Florida State. The Terps won the ACC championship and were granted a Bowl Championship Series berth in the 2002 Orange Bowl. It was Maryland's first bowl game since 1990, first winning season since 1995, and first conference championship since 1985.


2001 Maryland Terrapins football team, Preseason
In 2001, despite the Terrapins' disappointing recent finishes, Ralph Friedgen inherited a good situation as their new head coach. His predecessor, Ron Vanderlinden, and the Maryland team had just barely fallen shy of winning seasons for the last two years in a row. Additionally, the 2001 squad was returning many experienced, quality players.


2001 Maryland Terrapins football team, Regular season
Maryland won its first four games, including against strong conference competitor Wake Forest (27–20) and regional rival West Virginia (32–20), to earn a spot in the AP rankings for the first time since September 1995, at #25. The Terrapins then met their main rival Virginia  in College Park, and beat them by a 20-point margin (41–21).


2001 Maryland Terrapins football team, Regular season
The Terps went on to Atlanta to face #15 Georgia Tech. With 5 seconds left on the clock in the fourth quarter, and Maryland trailing 17-14, the Terps were forced to try for the tying field goal from 46 yards. Their kicker, redshirt freshman Nick Novak, had earlier missed a field goal attempt, bouncing it off an upright, and had an overall unimpressive record in his early career. However, Novak made the 46-yard field goal, sending the game into overtime, where he again made good on a 26-yard field goal, winning the game for Maryland (20–17). By the end of his college career Novak would go on to become the ACC all-time leading point scorer with 393 points, and capture the ACC record for 80 field goals.


2001 Maryland Terrapins football team, Regular season
After sailing past Duke (59–17) on Homecoming weekend, then #10 Maryland traveled to Tallahassee to face #18 Florida State. Despite being tied through the third quarter (31–31), Florida State handed Maryland their only defeat (52–31) during the season, dropping their AP ranking to #15.


2001 Maryland Terrapins football team, Regular season
Maryland then defeated Troy State, 47–14. The Terrapins played the season's final home game against Clemson, which they defeated, 37–20, to ensure at least a share of the ACC championship. The following week, Maryland secured the ACC title outright when quarterback Shaun Hill threw a short touchdown pass to Guilian Gary in the front corner of the end zone with 41 seconds remaining to defeat NC State, 23–19. The Terrapins closed the regular season ranked #6 in the nation and first in the conference, with a record of 10–1 (ACC: 7–1). The Terrapins, having secured the 2001 ACC championship, became the first time any team other than Florida State had won it outright since Florida State entered the conference in 1991. Additionally, Ralph Friedgen became the only first-year coach to ever win the ACC title.


2001 Maryland Terrapins football team, Postseason
As ACC champions, the Terps earned a berth in the Orange Bowl to face Steve Spurrier's #5 Florida out of the SEC, in a BCS match-up. The Gators beat the Terrapins with a lop-sided result (56–23). Thus, Maryland ended the post-season with a 10–2 record, ranked #10 in the nation.


2001 Maryland Terrapins football team, Team players in the NFL
The following players were selected in the 2002 NFL Draft.


2001 Maryland Terrapins football team, Team players in the NFL
Quarterback Shaun Hill was signed by the Minnesota Vikings as an undrafted free agent.


2001 Massachusetts's 9th congressional district special election
Massachusetts's 9th congressional district special election of 2001 was held on October 16, 2001 to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Representative Joe Moakley. Democratic State Senator Stephen F. Lynch won the election; defeating six candidates in the Democratic primary and three in the general election.


2001 Massachusetts's 9th congressional district special election, Primaries
The Democratic and Republican primaries were held on September 11, 2001. The election was overshadowed by the September 11 attacks, which occurred shortly after polls opened.


2001 Massachusetts's 9th congressional district special election, Primaries
Stephen Lynch defeated State Senators Cheryl Jacques, Brian A. Joyce, and Marc R. Pacheco, former federal prosecutor William F. Sinnott, housing advocate John E. Taylor, and activist William A. Ferguson, Jr. for the Democratic nomination.


2001 Massachusetts's 9th congressional district special election, Primaries
State Senator Jo Ann Sprague defeated State Republican Committeeman William D. McKinney for the Republican nomination.


2001 Massachusetts's 9th congressional district special election, General election
Stephen F. Lynch won the general election. He defeated his nearest competitor, Jo Ann Sprague, by over 22,000 votes.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo
The 2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo was a slaughter of people at Plaza de Mayo (May Square), Buenos Aires, Argentina, and around this area that took place on December 20, 2001. Five people were murdered. The names of the fatal victims were: Carlos Almiron, Gustavo Ariel Benedetto, Diego Lamagna, Alberto Marquez and Gaston Marcelo Riva. The perpetrators tried to kill four more people (Marcelo Dorado, Martin Galli, Sergio Ruben Sanchez, and Paula Simonetti), but they did not succeed. A total of 277 injuries was reported.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo
These crimes were committed under Fernando de la Rua’s presidential term in which Argentina was suffering one of its deepest crises and people were rioting in different cities around the nation. These incidents left a total of 39 people that were murdered across the country, among them 7 children. The trial against the 17 defendants started on February 24, 2014.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Context
On December 3, 2001 Fernando de la Rua was the president and the minister of economy was Domingo Cavallo. The president followed the recommendations of his minister and decided to limit the amount of money that people could withdraw from banks. This restriction was known as “corralito” which can be translated as baby playpen. This restraint caused riots and exacerbated the economic situation of people who were working under unreported employment. At the time they represented 50% of the economically active population.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Context
On December 19, 2001 the president Fernando de la Rua declared a State of Emergency due to the riots, looting, and traffic obstruction that had been in course for several days.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, The incidents
During the night of December 19, 2001, right after president De La Rua made an announcement declaring the State of Emergency on public TV. People went out to the streets in several parts of the country. These citizens started to bang pots, pans and other utensils in these popular protests known in Spanish as “cacerolazos.” A big crowd of protestors gathered at Plaza de Mayo, right in front of the Casa Rosada (Pink House) which is the office of the President of Argentina.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, The incidents
The next morning, on December 20, 2001, the Executive Branch ordered to evacuate Plaza de Mayo. One of those responsible for this decision was the former Secretary of Security, Enrique Mathov who justified this action stating it was for “security reasons.”  This event ended up in police brutality. The forces killed five people, injured 227 protestors and arrested more than 300 people in the surrounding areas.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, The incidents
The five people who succumbed to the forces were: Carlos Almirón, Gustavo Ariel Benedetto, Diego Lamagna, Alberto Márquez and Gastón Marcelo Riva. There were also four victims of attempted murder: Paula Simonetti, Martín Galli, Marcelo Dorado and Sergio Rubén Sanchéz. Hundreds of citizens were injured. There was a controversial case of a man called Jorge Cárdenas who was seriously injured during this protest by the police and who died a couple of months later due to a stroke. However, according to the Argentinian justice, his death is not related to the excessive force used by the police.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, The incidents
Other notable victims were the Madres de Plaza de Mayo (mothers of the people who disappeared during the later Argentinian dictatorships). That day, like every Thursday since 1977, they were marching peacefully around a small rotary in the middle of the square. However, the mounted police attacked them with batons.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Victims
Carlos Almiron was a 23-year-old sociology student, interested in politics and social injustices. He was a member of the social and political movement called “29 de mayo.” He was murdered after a policeman shot him in the head.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Victims
Gustavo Benedetto was a 23-year-old supermarket employee. The store where he used to work was looted and that is why he decided to go out to protest the country’s situation. He was murdered when he was shot in the head by the police force who were shooting people from inside a HSBC bank. This murder was registered by multiple surveillance cameras. His killer, Jorge Varando (who back then was the bank’s security chief) was initially indicted. However, he was never judged for this crime due to the statute of limitations.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Victims
Diego Lamagna was a 27-year-old artistic cycling athlete. It is not clear under what circumstances he was in the area since he was not involved in any political movement. In 2014, his hometown Wilde, named a cycling track after him in his honor.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Victims
Alberto Marquez was a 57-year-old man, who while protecting his wife, was shot to death in the back by police. This murder was recorded on camera by an amateur reporter who back then was running an online independent newspaper called El Ojo Obrero (The Worker Eye). At the place where he died, there was a commemorative plaque that later was removed by the government of the city of Buenos Aires under Mauricio Macri’s administration.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Victims
Gaston Riva was a 31-year-old man who was married and had three children. He worked as a messenger carrier around the city making deliveries on motorbike. While on his motorbike he was shot by the police. His wife saw him dying on TV.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Trial
1. Enrique Mathov, at that time Secretary of National Security: mastermind.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Trial
2. Rubén Santos, at that time chief of the Federal Police: mastermind


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Trial
3. Norberto Edgardo Gaudiero, at that time General operative director of the Federal Police: mastermind


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Trial
4. Raúl Andreozzi, at that time chief of the Metropolitan Superintendency of the Federal Police: mastermind


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Trial
5. Orlando Oliverio, Federal Police officer: homicide and other felonies.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Trial
6. Carlos López, Federal Police officer: homicide and other felonies.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Trial
7. Eugenio Figueroa, Federal Police officer: homicide and other felonies.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Trial
8. Roberto E. Juárez, Federal Police officer: homicide and other felonies.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Trial
9. Sebastián Saporiti, Federal Police officer: homicide and other felonies.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Trial
10. Horacio Berardi, Federal Police officer: homicide and other felonies.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Trial
11. Mario Seia, Federal Police officer: homicide and other felonies.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Trial
12. Norberto Sabbino, Federal Police officer: homicide and other felonies.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Trial
13. Ariel Firpo Castro, Federal Police officer: homicide and other felonies.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Trial
14. Víctor Belloni, Federal Police officer: 2 attempted murders .


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Trial
17. Jorge Varando, at that time security chief of the HSBC bank, was initially prosecuted for the murder of Gustavo Benedetto.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Trial
The former president, Fernando de la Rua who died in 2019, was initially indicted for the homicides. However, his case was dismissed by the Argentinian justice. An Argentinian NGO called Centro de Estudios Legales y Sociales (Center of Legal and Social Studies) reported this case to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, asking for a trial against the former president.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Trial, Trial against Jorge Varando
In 2007, Jorge Varando was taken to court for the crime of firearm abuse in the case of the murder of Gustavo Benedetto. On December 20, 2001, Varando served as head of security for the HSBC bank. He directed the shooting that came from the bank and ended the life of Gustavo Benedetto. The court ordered the acquittal of the accused due to the statute of limitations of the criminal action.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Trial, Trial against the remaining 16 defendants
Those accused of the Plaza de Mayo massacre began to be tried on February 24, 2014. In the trial, seventeen people who at that time were high-ranking officials of the national government, were accused of masterminding: Enrique Mathov -former Secretary of National Security-, Rubén Santos -former chief of the Federal Police, Norberto Edgardo Gaudiero -former General Director of Operations of the Federal Police- and Raúl Andreozzi - former chief of the Metropolitan Superintendency of the Federal Police.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Trial, Trial against the remaining 16 defendants
The crimes tried were five homicides (Diego Lamagna, Gastón Marcelo Riva, Carlos Almirón, Alberto Márquez and Gustavo Ariel Benedetto), four attempted homicides (Paula Simonetti, Martín Galli, Marcelo Dorado and Sergio Rubén Sanchéz), injuries, abuse of authority and harassment.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Trial, Trial against the remaining 16 defendants
During the trial, more than 200 witnesses testified. In October 2015 the evidence stage was closed and the allegations began in November. May 22, 2016 the court issued the ruling:


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Trial, Trial against the remaining 16 defendants
Enrique Mathov: guilty. Sentenced to 4 years and 9 months in prison.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Trial, Trial against the remaining 16 defendants
Raúl Andreozzi: guilty. Sentenced to 3 years and six months in prison.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Trial, Trial against the remaining 16 defendants
Carlos José López: guilty. Sentenced to 6 years in prison.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Trial, Trial against the remaining 16 defendants
Gonzalo Firpo Castro: guilty. Sentenced to a 3-year suspended prison sentence.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Trial, Trial against the remaining 16 defendants
Victor Belloni: guilty. Sentenced to a 3-year suspended prison sentence.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Trial, Trial against the remaining 16 defendants
Omar Bellante: guilty. Sentenced to a 3-year suspended prison sentence.


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Criticism
Lucia de la Vega, one of the lawyers of the NGO CELS (Center for Legal and Social Studies), who was also part of the legal complaint, questioned the delay to start the trial, she stated:


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Criticism
“Over time, they always played with delay. They did it at the beginning of the trial by changing accusations, requesting annulments, and also with the instruction. They seek to decontextualize to rewrite an adulterated historical version of what happened in December 2001.”


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Criticism
Maria Arena the widow of the fatal victim Gaston Riva praised the audacity of the witnesses; however, she believes that this trial had very little impact on the media. She stated:


2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo, Criticism
“They were putting themselves at risk by giving their testimonies since these are rough times. The police force has always been this way. It is that way now and it will be like that forever. We are all alone. This trial is silenced, all our fight has been silenced. It is as if there was an intention to stop the spreading of the information and to prevent the awareness of what has happened in the court. We believe that this is because this trial threatens all the political class in the future.”


2001 Masters (snooker)
The 2001 Masters (officially the 2001 Benson & Hedges Masters) was a professional invitational snooker tournament held at the Wembley Conference Centre, London, from 4 to 11 February 2001. It was the 27th edition of The Masters, a Triple Crown event and the third of the five World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA) invitational events in the 2000–01 snooker season. It followed the 2000 Scottish Masters and preceded the 2001 Malta Grand Prix. Sponsored by the cigarette company Benson & Hedges, the event had a total prize fund of £650,000, with £175,000 going to the winner.


2001 Masters (snooker)
Matthew Stevens was the tournament's defending champion, but he lost in the second round to Paul Hunter, who went on to reach the final with victories over Peter Ebdon in the quarter-finals and Stephen Hendry in the semi-finals. Hunter's opponent in the final was Fergal O'Brien, who had defeated Dave Harold in his semi-final. Hunter defeated O'Brien 10–9 (ten frames to nine) to win the first of three Masters titles. He and wild card entrant Jimmy White made century breaks of 136, which were the competition's two highest breaks.


2001 Masters (snooker), Overview
The Masters is an invitational snooker tournament that was first held in 1975; the 2001 competition saw the top-16 players from the snooker world rankings play and a sponsors' selection entrant and the Benson and Hedges Championship victor invited to participate as wild cards. It is one of the three Triple Crown events in the game of snooker, the others being the World Snooker Championship and the UK Championship, but it is not an official ranking tournament. The 2001 Masters was its 27th staging, and the third of the five invitational events in the 2000–01 snooker season, following the 2000 Scottish Masters and preceding the 2001 Malta Grand Prix. It occurred from 4 to 11 February 2001, at the Wembley Conference Centre, London.


2001 Masters (snooker), Overview
Sponsored by the tobacco company Benson & Hedges and organised by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association, it had a total prize fund of £650,000, with £175,000 going to the winner; the host broadcaster was the BBC. All games were played as best-of-11 frames, except for the final which was the best-of-19 frames. Bookmakers made Mark Williams, the world champion, the favourite to win. Stephen Hendry, the winner of 32 ranking titles, commented, "In my last four tournaments, I've had two semis, a quarter and a final. Although that's quite steady, it's nowhere near what I expect of myself. Anything less than winning the tournament is a failure. There's still room for a lot of improvement."


2001 Masters (snooker), Overview, Prize fund
The breakdown of prize money for the 2001 tournament is listed below.


2001 Masters (snooker), Tournament summary, Qualifying
The Benson and Hedges Championship held at the Willie Thorne Snooker Centre, Malvern from 5 to 16 November 2000, determined one qualifier for the Masters' main draw. Entry was limited to any professional on the World Snooker Tour with a world ranking lower than 16th. The winner earned £5,000 prize money with the runner-up receiving £3,000. Shaun Murphy defeated Andrew Atkinson, Gary Ponting, Hugh Abernethy, Ali Carter, Nick Walker, Ryan Day and Mark Davis to reach the final where he played Stuart Bingham, who beat Colm Gilcreest, Barry Cox, Craig Harrison, Sean Storey, Gary Wilkinson and Andy Hicks.


2001 Masters (snooker), Tournament summary, Qualifying
Murphy came from 5–2 behind to defeat Bingham 9–7 and qualify for the Masters. At 18 years old, Murphy was one of the youngest champions in tournament history. David McLellan achieved his first maximum break, the second of the season, and the 40th in professional snooker in the last frame of his second round match with Steve Meakin.


2001 Masters (snooker), Tournament summary, Round 1
The first round, in which the two wild cards and those ranked 15th and 16th participated, took place on 4 February. Murphy, a former United Kingdom Under-15 title winner, made breaks of 113, 102 and 84 from frames two to four to beat world number 15 Marco Fu 6–1 but failed to become the first player to achieve three century breaks in a row at the Masters when he could not pot a green ball in the fourth frame. Jimmy White, the world number 18 whose wild card allowed him to enter the Masters for the 20th time, took 85 minutes to defeat Joe Swail 6–1, which included a total clearance of 136 in frame seven.


2001 Masters (snooker), Tournament summary, Round 2
The second round matches from 4 to 7 February featured the two first round winners and participants ranked 1st to 14th. The tournament's reigning champion Matthew Stevens led the 2001 Welsh Open runner-up Paul Hunter 2–0 and then 5–4 before a break of 74 from Hunter forced a final frame decider. Hunter secured the 42-minute final frame for a 6–5 victory to end a match that lasted almost three hours and earn his first win at the arena. World number 13 Dave Harold overturned a 2–1 deficit to world number one John Higgins with breaks of 86.


2001 Masters (snooker), Tournament summary, Round 2
55, 52, 67 and 71 to win by 6–3 and win for the first time at the Masters in three attempts. Hendry, six-time Masters champion, faced Murphy. He won the first frame on a 99 clearance before Murphy took four frames in a row to lead 4–1. Hendry made breaks of 94, 56, 78 and 71 for five frames in a row and a 6–4 victory as Murphy compiled 15 points in that time. The 1995 semi-finalist Peter Ebdon took 3 hours and 40 minutes and made breaks of 135 and 104 in beating Alan McManus 6–4.


2001 Masters (snooker), Tournament summary, Round 2
John Parrott, a three-time Masters runner-up, played the world number five Stephen Lee. Breaks of 88 and 109 gave Lee a 3–1 lead before Parrott drew level at 4–4. The following two frames were shared, forcing a final frame decider. Parrott took the half-hour final frame to win 6–5 in his first victory in the United Kingdom since the first round of the 2000 World Snooker Championship. Parrott quipped the game could be broadcast on the BBC's A Question of Sport, "What happened next – John Parrott won a snooker match."


2001 Masters (snooker), Tournament summary, Round 2
There were 2,374 spectators watching Ronnie O'Sullivan play White, which was the largest crowd for a Masters game that was not the final in 18 years. O'Sullivan won frame one on a 101 break before White took the next five frames to be within one of victory. O'Sullivan took frame seven before White's 117 clearance gave him a 6–2 win. Post-match, O'Sullivan questioned whether he had the temperament, to continue playing snooker. Fergal O'Brien achieved breaks of 54, 88, 102, 99 and 53 in defeating Williams 6–5, and Ken Doherty beat Anthony Hamilton 6–1 with breaks of 52, 107, 51, 47 and 48; Hamilton compiled a 119 break in the third frame.


2001 Masters (snooker), Tournament summary, Quarter-finals
All four quarter-finals were held between 8 and 9 February. The first quarter-final was between Ebdon and Hunter. Ebdon won the first frame and Hunter the second and third in 43 minutes. Ebdon took frames four and five before Hunter equalled the score at 3–3 in frame six. Hunter came from 50–0 behind to win frame seven on the black ball and completed a 6–3 win with breaks of 70 and 44. Post-match, Hunter said he had to maintain his concentration since Ebdon was playing slower than normal. Harold played Parrott in the second quarter-final.


2001 Masters (snooker), Tournament summary, Quarter-finals
Harold won frame one with a break of 114 before Parrott took five frames in succession to lead 5–1. Harold won the next four frames, and forced a final frame decider that ended on a re-spotted black after his clearance levelled the score at 56–56. After seven shots were played, Harold potted the black ball to win 6–5. Harold called it "one of the best wins of my career", while Parrott admitted blame for losing, "I had enough chances to sink a battleship but the vital ball just kept scuppering me."


2001 Masters (snooker), Tournament summary, Quarter-finals
The third quarter-final featured Hendry and White. Security staff was increased by 50 per cent for the game because of White's support. Two people from the crowd of 1,649 being removed from the arena by security staff. Some spectators made sounds as Hendry was playing. Alan Chamberlain, the match referee, sought to maintain order, and White asked for all the interrupters to be ejected. Ahead 3–1, White left a red ball on the edge of one of the centre pockets, allowing Hendry to make a 45 clearance for frame four.


2001 Masters (snooker), Tournament summary, Quarter-finals
He took the lead with a 113 century break, the 519th of his professional career, in frame seven, and won two of the next three frames to win 6–4. Doherty and O'Brien played the last quarter-final. O'Brien won the first three frames on breaks of 84, 58 and 61 as Doherty complied four points in response. O'Brien took frame four before sharing the next three frames until he won the match 6–2 in frame eight after Doherty missed the brown ball.


2001 Masters (snooker), Tournament summary, Semi-finals
Both of the semi-finals occurred on 10 February. The first-semi-final was between Hendry and Hunter. The match was tied at 3–3; Hunter made a 101 century break in frame four and a 99 break in the fifth. Hunter won frame seven and Hendry the eighth. Hunter took the lead with breaks of 60 and 65 in frame nine won him and then secured the match 6–4 on a fluked green to the centre pocket and a clearance up to the pink ball. Hunter said that defeating Hendry in the arena "has to be the best result I have ever achieved".


2001 Masters (snooker), Tournament summary, Semi-finals
He was aware the latter was missing long-distance pots. "Stephen had a couple of decent breaks so it was important I did as well just to show him how well I was playing. I thought I would be nervous at the end but I was totally relaxed." Hendry commented Hunter was better that day but felt he could have won had he potted a quarter of the long-range shots he played, adding, "It's disappointing to lose any match anywhere and this is no exception. I hate losing and I always will."


2001 Masters (snooker), Tournament summary, Semi-finals
The other semi-final was between Harold and O'Brien. A break of 97 won O'Brien frame one and Harold took the second on a 116 break. On both sides of the mid-session interval, O'Brien won four frames in a row to lead 5–1. Harold won the next three frames to be 5–4 behind. In frame ten, O'Brien exchanged multiple safety shots before winning the frame and the match 6–4 on the black ball to advance to the final. Post-match, O'Brien said: "It was a big battle.


2001 Masters (snooker), Tournament summary, Semi-finals
The pressure was beginning to build towards the end and I could see it slipping away. I was fortunate to be 5–1 up after not really dominating the match but it's a great win for me." Harold commented, "I left myself with a little too much to do. It was a bridge too far. You can do that kind of thing once but doing it again is too much to ask."


2001 Masters (snooker), Tournament summary, Final
The final between Hunter and O'Brien was played as the best-of-19 frames over two sessions on 11 February. There were 2,483 spectators in attendance. When Hunter missed the pink in the first frame, O'Brien won it after half an hour and took the second following Hunter's miss on the blue ball. Hunter won his first frame in the third before a break of 80 from O'Brien earned him frame four going into the interval. O'Brien took frames five and six after errors by Hunter, but Hunter won frame seven on a break of 52. The eighth frame which lasted 38 minutes, saw O'Brien lead Hunter 6–2 at the conclusion of the first session after Hunter fouled potted the black while playing a shot on the brown.


2001 Masters (snooker), Tournament summary, Final
On resumption of the match, O'Brien made a break of 49 after Hunter missed a red ball in the centre, but a 52 clearance completed on the black ball by Hunter won him the ninth frame. O'Brien took frame 10 before Hunter won the next three frames to draw within a frame of his opponent; Hunter made clearances of 129 and 133 in frames 12 and 13. A break of 88 in frame 14 allowed O'Brien to restore a two-frame lead at 8–6.


2001 Masters (snooker), Tournament summary, Final
Hunter won the next three frames without reply to lead for the first time at 9–8; he equalled White made his highest clearance of 136 in frame 16 and made a 132 clearance in frame 17. In the 18th frame, O'Brien came from 44 points behind to force a final frame decider on a clearance from the last red up to the pink. Hunter fouled twice in attempting to escape from snookers, allowing O'Brien to nominate the green as his free ball, before missing the blue ball. Hunter made a clearance from the brown to the pink to win the 46-minute frame 77–44 and the match 10–9.


2001 Masters (snooker), Tournament summary, Final
It was the first of three Masters victories for Hunter; he won it twice more, in 2002 and 2004. He earned £175,000 prize money for winning the competition, which was his first major victory since the 1998 Welsh Open. He commented on the success, "To add my name to this trophy is a dream come true. I perhaps haven't fulfilled my potential but I'm only 22 and hopefully there are a lot more titles left in me."


2001 Masters (snooker), Tournament summary, Final
O'Brien said he was disappointed to have missed a red ball in frame 11 for a possible 8–3 lead, which he felt lost him the chance to win the Masters, adding, "It's disappointing to lose like I did but I've had a great week and beaten some fantastic players. I was a little tired but that's not an excuse. But I'll replay some of those misses in the last frame for some time to come."


2001 Masters (snooker), Main draw, First round
Numbers given in brackets after players names show the competition's 15th and 16th seeds. Players in bold indicate match winners.


2001 Masters (snooker), Main draw, Second round to final
Numbers to the left of players' names show the tournament seedings. Players in bold denote match winners.


2001 Masters (snooker), Final
The bold text in the table indicate winning frame scores and the winning player. Breaks over 50 are indicated in brackets.


2001 Masters (snooker), Qualifying
Players highlighted in bold are the winners of the Benson and Hedges Tournament from the quarter-finals to the final.


2001 Masters (snooker), Century breaks
The main stage of the 2001 Masters saw 11 players achieve a total of 19 century breaks. The competition's two highest breaks were a pair of 136s compiled by both Hunter in the 16th frame of the final with O'Brien and by White in the final frame of his first round match with Fu. Both players shared the £20,000 highest break prize.


2001 Masters Tournament
The 2001 Masters Tournament was the 65th Masters Tournament, held April 5–8 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. Tiger Woods won his second Masters and sixth major championship, two strokes ahead of runner-up David Duval.


2001 Masters Tournament
This championship marked the completion of the "Tiger Slam," with Woods holding all four major titles, having won the U.S. Open, Open Championship, and PGA Championship in 2000. In addition to the four majors, he was also the reigning champion of the Players Championship (March) and the WGC-NEC Invitational (August, second of three consecutive).


2001 Masters Tournament
This was the first major to award a seven-figure winner's share; the first major with a six-figure winner's share was the 1983 PGA Championship.


2001 Masters Tournament, Field
Tommy Aaron, Seve Ballesteros, Gay Brewer, Billy Casper, Charles Coody, Fred Couples (10,16,17), Ben Crenshaw, Nick Faldo (11), Raymond Floyd, Doug Ford, Bernhard Langer, Sandy Lyle, Larry Mize, Jack Nicklaus, José María Olazábal (12,16,17), Mark O'Meara (3), Arnold Palmer, Gary Player, Vijay Singh (4,11,14,16,17), Craig Stadler, Tom Watson, Tiger Woods (2,3,4,5,10,11,12,13,14,16,17), Ian Woosnam, Fuzzy Zoeller


2001 Masters Tournament, Field
Carlos Franco (14,16,17), Jim Furyk (14,16,17), John Huston (11,14,16,17), Phil Mickelson (14,16,17), Greg Norman (16,17), Dennis Paulson (17), Chris Perry (14,16,17), Nick Price (14,16,17), Loren Roberts (11,14,16,17)


2001 Masters Tournament, Field
Stewart Cink (14,16,17), Pádraig Harrington (16,17), Miguel Ángel Jiménez (16,17)


2001 Masters Tournament, Field
Stuart Appleby (14,16,17), Thomas Bjørn (13,16,17), Greg Chalmers, Bob May (14,16,17)


2001 Masters Tournament, Field
Robert Allenby (16,17), Paul Azinger (16,17), Notah Begay III (16,17), Mark Calcavecchia (16,17), Chris DiMarco, Steve Flesch (16,17), Scott Hoch (16), Jonathan Kaye, Franklin Langham, Steve Lowery, Jeff Maggert (16), Shigeki Maruyama (16), Rocco Mediate (16,17), Jesper Parnevik (16,17), Rory Sabbatini, Tom Scherrer, Kirk Triplett (16,17), Scott Verplank (16,17), Grant Waite, Duffy Waldorf (16,17), Mike Weir (16,17)


2001 Masters Tournament, Field
Ángel Cabrera (17), Michael Campbell (17), Darren Clarke (17), José Cóceres, Pierre Fulke (17), Sergio García (17), Retief Goosen (17), Dudley Hart (17), Colin Montgomerie (17), Eduardo Romero (17)


2001 Masters Tournament, Field
All the amateurs were playing in their first Masters, as were Greg Chalmers, José Cóceres, Chris DiMarco, Steve Flesch, Pierre Fulke, Toshimitsu Izawa, Shingo Katayama, Jonathan Kaye, Franklin Langham, Bob May, Eduardo Romero, Rory Sabbatini, and Tom Scherrer. Aaron Baddeley made his first appearance as a professional.


2001 Masters Tournament, Round summaries, First round
The round was headlined by the tournament-low 65 (−7) shot by Chris DiMarco, which gave him a one stroke lead after day one in his Masters debut. Steve Stricker and Ángel Cabrera shot six-under 66s to tie for second. Three players (John Huston, Phil Mickelson, Lee Janzen) formed a tie for fourth at 67. The scoring was very good throughout the leaderboard as 14 players shot in the 60s on day one and 32 players were in red figures. Tiger Woods, looking to win all four major championships in a row in two different calendar years, shot a two-under 70 to put him in a six-way tie for 15th. Defending champion Vijay Singh shot a 69 (−3).


2001 Masters Tournament, Round summaries, Second round
Chris DiMarco added to his one-stroke first round lead with a 69 (-3) to give him a two-stroke lead at 134 (-10) after 36-holes. However, the round was headlined by the owner of last three major championships; Tiger Woods bolted up the leaderboard into a tie for second place with a 66 (-6). Phil Mickelson shot a 69 to equal Woods in second place.


2001 Masters Tournament, Round summaries, Second round
David Duval who was looking for his first Masters championship after three straight top 10 finishes at Augusta matched Woods's 66, and put himself among five golfers tied for fourth at 137 (-7), which included two-time U.S. Open champion, Lee Janzen. Two-time champion José María Olazábal was among a three-way tie for ninth at 138 (-6). The cut was set at 145 (+1), with notable players Sergio García, Davis Love III, and Thomas Bjørn off for the weekend.


2001 Masters Tournament, Round summaries, Second round
Amateurs: Driscoll (+2), Ilonen (+7), Trahan (+9), Puga (+12), Quinney (+12).


2001 Masters Tournament, Round summaries, Third round
Tiger Woods had his second straight round in the 60s, with a four-under 68, to take the 54-hole lead at -12, and to move within 18 holes of winning all four majors in a row. Phil Mickelson put himself in the best position to foil Tiger's quest with a three-under 69 to trail by only one stroke going to the final round. The leader of the first two rounds, Chris DiMarco shot an even par 72 to fall into third place. The 1989 British Open champion, Mark Calcavecchia, shot a four-under 68 to tie DiMarco for third.


2001 Masters Tournament, Round summaries, Third round
Ernie Els, also shot a four-under 68, to move up the leaderboard to -9 and a tie for fifth place. Rocco Mediate shot the round of the day with a six-under 66 to put himself at -8 and a tie for eighth place. At the close of the round 31 players were under par for the championship.


2001 Masters Tournament, Round summaries, Final round, Summary
For the first time in the modern era a golfer was able to win all four of golf's major championships in a row. However, since they were all not won in the same calendar year, the feat was dubbed the Tiger Slam. Only Bobby Jones, in 1930, under a different major championship structure was able to win all four in the same year. Woods shot his third straight round in the 60s with his second consecutive four-under 68 to complete the tournament at -16.


2001 Masters Tournament, Round summaries, Final round, Summary
The only golfer to make a serious charge at Woods was David Duval who matched the round of the day with a five-under 67. Duval briefly tied for the lead when he birdied the par 5 15th. Unfortunately for him, Duval would give the shot right back on the par 3 16th. Needing a birdie on the final hole, Duval missed a birdie-putt to allow Woods to only need to par the final hole. For good measure, Woods would birdie the hole to win his second green jacket and sixth major championship. It was another hard luck finish for Duval, who finished in the top 10 for the fourth consecutive Masters and it was his second, second-place finish.


2001 Masters Tournament, Round summaries, Final round, Summary
Phil Mickelson was briefly in contention on the back nine, but was not able to match Woods and Duval with a two-under 70 for the round. It was another disappointing major for Mickelson who earned his 12th top 10 finish, but was still without a major championship. Japan's Toshimitsu Izawa matched Duval's round of the day with a 67 of his own to finish in a tie for fourth with Mark Calcavecchia at -10. Two-time Masters champion, Bernhard Langer, was among a four-way tie for sixth at -9 that also included two-time U.S. Open champion, Ernie Els. The leader of the first two rounds, Chris DiMarco, shot a two-over 74 to finish a disappointing tie for tenth.


2001 Masters Tournament, Notes
This was the final Masters for former champions Gay Brewer (age 69), Billy Casper (69), and Doug Ford (78). Because of consistent poor performances, they were asked not to participate in 2002.


2001 Masters of Formula 3
The 2001 Marlboro Masters of Formula 3 was the eleventh Masters of Formula 3 race held at the Circuit Park Zandvoort in Zandvoort, Netherlands on 5 August 2001. The 25-lap race was won by Takuma Sato, for Carlin Motorsport who started from the pole position and led every lap. André Lotterer of Jaguar Racing finished in second, 9.2 seconds behind Sato, whose teammate Anthony Davidson placed third.


2001 Maui Invitational Tournament
The 2001 Maui Invitational Tournament was an early-season college basketball tournament that was played, for the 18th time, from November 19 to November 21, 2002. The tournament, which began in 1984, was part of the 2001–02 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The tournament was played at the Lahaina Civic Center in Maui, Hawaii and was won by the Duke Blue Devils. It was the third title for both the program and for its head coach Mike Krzyzewski.


2001 Mauritanian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Mauritania on 19 and 26 October 2001. The result was a landslide victory for President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya's Republican Party for Democracy and Renewal, which took 64 of the 81 seats.


2001 Mauritanian parliamentary election, Background
Previous elections since the reintroduction of multi-party politics in the early 1990s has seen opposition boycotts due to accusations of the incumbent government rigging the results. However, a new computerised ID system was introduced before the 2001 elections, resulting in opposition parties contesting the elections.


2001 McDonald's All-American Boys Game
The 2001 McDonald's All-American Boys Game was an All-star basketball game played on Wednesday, March 28, 2001 at the Cameron Indoor Stadium in Durham, North Carolina. The game's rosters featured the best and most highly recruited high school boys graduating in 2001. The game was the 24th annual version of the McDonald's All-American Game first played in 1978.


2001 McDonald's All-American Boys Game, 2001 game
The game was telecast live by ESPN. The game was fast paced and ended with one of the highest scores of the history of the event. The East team gained the lead in the first two quarters helped by Dajuan Wagner (who scored a total of 25 points, 11 in the first half), Chris Thomas and Julius Hodge. The first half ended with the East winning on the West by 15 points. Things changed in the second half, when Eddy Curry, Kelvin Torbert and Daniel Ewing led the West to a comeback.