2002 Big Ten Men's Basketball Tournament
The 2002 Big Ten Conference Men's Basketball Tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Big Ten Conference and was played from March 7 through March 10, 2002 at Conseco Fieldhouse in Indianapolis, Indiana. The championship was won by Ohio State who defeated Iowa in the championship game. As a result, Ohio State received the Big Ten's automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament.


2002 Big Ten Men's Basketball Tournament
Due to NCAA sanctions, Ohio State was forced to vacate the championship.


2002 Big Ten Men's Basketball Tournament, Seeds
All Big Ten schools participated in the tournament. Teams were seeded by conference record, with a tiebreaker system used to seed teams with identical conference records. Seeding for the tournament was determined at the close of the regular conference season. The top five teams received a first round bye.


2002 Big West Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
The 2002 Big West Conference Men's Basketball Tournament was held March 7–9 at Anaheim Convention Center in Anaheim, California.


2002 Big West Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
UC Santa Barbara defeated Utah State in the championship game, 60–56, to obtain the first Big West Conference Men's Basketball Tournament championship in school history.


2002 Big West Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
The Gauchos participated in the 2002 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament after earning the conference's automatic bid.


2002 Big West Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Format
Eight of the ten teams in the conference participated, with UC Riverside and Cal State Fullerton not qualifying. Teams were seeded based on regular season conference records.


2002 Billboard Music Awards
These are the winners of the 2002 Billboard Music Awards, an awards show based on chart performance, and number of downloads and total airplay. All winners are in bold.


2002 Birthday Honours
Queen's Birthday Honours are announced on or around the date of the Queen's Official Birthday in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. The dates vary, both from year to year and from country to country. All are published in supplements to the London Gazette and many are formally conferred by the monarch (or her representative) some time after the date of the announcement, particularly for those service people on active duty.


2002 Birthday Honours
This page lists awards announced in the 2002 Queen's Birthday honours lists for the United Kingdom and New Zealand.


2002 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)
The 2002 Queen's Birthday and Golden Jubilee Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the official birthday of Queen Elizabeth II and the golden jubilee of her reign, were appointments made by the Queen in her right as Queen of New Zealand, on the advice of the New Zealand government, to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were announced on 3 June 2002.


2002 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.


2002 Bob Jane T-Marts 1000
The 2002 Bob Jane T-Marts 1000 was a motor race for V8 Supercars, held on 13 October 2002 at the Mount Panorama Circuit just outside Bathurst in New South Wales, Australia. It was the tenth round of the 2002 V8 Supercar Championship Series.


2002 Bob Jane T-Marts 1000
The race was the sixth running of the Australia 1000 race, first held after the organisational split over the Bathurst 1000 that occurred in 1997. It was the 46th race for which a lineage can be traced back to the 1960 Armstrong 500 held at Phillip Island (including the 1960 race itself).


2002 Bob Jane T-Marts 1000
The race was won by Mark Skaife and Jim Richards driving a Holden Racing Team prepared Holden VX Commodore. The pair were re-united in sharing a car at Bathurst for the first time in seven years having previously won the race together in 1991 and 1992. It was Skaife's fourth win and the seventh and final win for Richards, placing him second on the list of Bathurst 1000 winners. It was also the fourth win for the Holden Racing Team, successfully defending their 2001 victory.


2002 Bob Jane T-Marts 1000
This race is notable for featuring the longest stop-go penalties in the history of the V8 Supercars. A five-minute penalty was awarded to Greg Murphy due to a pit-lane infringement and a similar penalty was imposed on the Team Brock car (No. 05) for a similar offence.


2002 Bob Jane T-Marts 1000, Qualifying, Starting grid
The following table represents the final starting grid for the race on Sunday:


2002 Bob Jane T-Marts 1000, Official results
* Owen Kelly practiced the #5 Falcon but was replaced by David Besnard due to illness after Besnard own car was withdrawn after it was crashed heavily by Wayne Gardner** Ross Halliday practiced the #87 Falcon but was replaced by Peter Doulman after Doulman's own car (#24) failed to qualify. * ** Steven Johnson, Matthew Coleman and Peter Doulman (whose names are shown within brackets in the table above) did not drive during the race.


2002 Bofrost Cup on Ice
The 2002 Bofrost Cup on Ice was the third event of six in the 2002–03 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating, a senior-level international invitational competition series. This was the final year of the event's inclusion in the Grand Prix series. It was held at the Sportparadies in Gelsenkirchen on November 8–10. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 2002–03 Grand Prix Final. The compulsory dance was the Tango Romantica.


2002 Boise State Broncos football team
The 2002 Boise State Broncos football team represented Boise State University in the 2002 NCAA Division I-A football season. Boise State competed as a member of the Western Athletic Conference (WAC), and played their home games at Bronco Stadium in Boise, Idaho. The Broncos were led by second-year head coach Dan Hawkins. The Broncos finished the season 12–1 and 8–0 in conference to win their first WAC title and played in the Humanitarian Bowl, where they defeated Iowa State, 34–16. The 2002 marked the first season that Boise State was ranked in the top 25 since moving to Division I-A in 1996.


2002 Bolivian general election
General elections were held in Bolivia on 30 June 2002. As no candidate for the presidency received over 50% of the vote, the National Congress was required to elect a President. Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada was elected with 84 votes to the 43 received by Evo Morales.


2002 Bolivian general election, Background
Although Bolivia has had a long history of political instability since independence in 1825, the election in 2002 marked Bolivia's fifth consecutive democratic election. The most recent uninterrupted period of democratic rule began in 1982 as Bolivia developed a unitary political system, with nine departments, divided into 22 provinces and 314 municipalities. At this time, a competitive party system developed around three major parties—the center-right MNR and ADN, and the center-left MIR. In 1989, two populist parties emerged to compete with the three established parties: the Conciencia de Patria (Condepa) and Union Civica Solidaridad (UCS). While the major axis of competition remained along the three established parties, the populist parties combined to capture a third of the popular vote in 1997.


2002 Bolivian general election, Background
In April 2000, major conflicts over the privatization of water infrastructure in Cochabamba led to violent protests. During that same time, the ADN government moved to rid the country of coca farms. These two events majorly contributed to the increase in support for then Senator Evo Morales and the widespread dissatisfaction with the ADN government. The general dissatisfaction of rural populations in Bolivia increased to the extent that large indigenous protests in La Paz the week before the election pushed for a constituent assembly to better represent the rural and indigenous social groups in the constitution. Because of the threat these marches posed to the stability of the election, the government agreed to hold a Special Session considering constitutional reforms, after the election.


2002 Bolivian general election, Background
After the death of a party leader, Condepa and UCS lost significant power. By the 2002 election, two other populist parties emerged to take their place, Manfred Reyes Villa’s Nueva Fuerza Republicana (NFR) and Evo Morales’ Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS). The election revolved around these two ‘outsider’ candidates and the MNR’s established candidate, Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada (Goni), a high profile American-educated politician who had previously served from 1993 to 1997.


2002 Bolivian general election, Parties and candidates
11 parties total qualified for the election, including some new and nontraditional parties.


2002 Bolivian general election, Parties and candidates, MNR-MBL
The MNR-MBL (an alliance between the centrist Revolutionary Nationalist Movement and the center-left Free Bolivia Movement) nominated former president Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada for the presidency. One of the parties that had traditionally held power since the beginning of Bolivian democracy, it had close ties with the country's business elite and had cracked down on coca production in the 90s, hoping to improve relations with the United States.


2002 Bolivian general election, Parties and candidates, MNR-MBL
de Lozada's campaign was run by American campaign managers, including James Carville, who used tools typically not seen in Bolivian elections to help their candidate win—focus groups, TV ads, and extensive use of polling among them. These campaign consultants, combined with de Lozada's American background (he grew up in America, and attended the University of Chicago) fostered distrust among the Bolivian people, many of whom blamed the US for damaging the coca industry. At the same time, the campaign tactics also helped to bolster their position.


2002 Bolivian general election, Parties and candidates, Movement for Socialism
The Movement for Socialism (MAS) was an upstart populist party, led by former coca farmer and union leader Evo Morales. It rose to prominence during the campaign by promising to restore coca production and championing indigenous rights, which had not had much power in the decades leading up to the election (before 2002, indigenous parties never won more than 5% of the vote.) Morales' campaign was given a boost when, shortly before the election, the US ambassador asked Bolivians to vote for anyone but Morales—angering the voters, who felt the US was trying to meddle in their election. The party ultimately beat expectations, coming in second place and setting Morales up as the opposition leader to de Lozada.


2002 Bolivian general election, Parties and candidates, New Republican Force
The New Republican Force (NRF) was the other traditional political party running in the election, nominating former mayor of Cochabamba Manfred Reyes Villa. Reyes Villa came in a close 3rd, winning about 700 votes fewer than Morales, and formed a governing coalition with de Lozada. Later, de Lozada was forced to resign when Reyes Villa pulled his support.


2002 Bolivian general election, Parties and candidates, MIR-FRI
The MIR-FRI (an alliance between the left wing Revolutionary Left Movement and Revolutionary Left Front parties) nominated former president Jaime Paz Zamora. Zamora's earlier term was relatively successful, but his actions left him vulnerable to attacks similar to those aimed at de Lozada—accusations that he hurt coca farmers, and wasn't doing enough for the poor.


2002 Bolivian general election, Parties and candidates, Pachakuti Indigenous Movement
The Pachakuti Indigenous Movement, led by Felipe Quispe, was an indigenist and populist left-wing party, running directly against the neoliberal centrism promoted by de Lozada and Zamora. Its platform is similar to that of Morales and his MAS, although more extreme, condemning any cooperation with United States anti-coca programs and economic reforms. Quispe came in 5th, with 6.1% of the vote.


2002 Bolivian general election, Campaign
In the 2002 election there were 11 total parties competing for the vote. For the first time, three established parties (MNR, MIR and UCS) formed a coalition in order to compete with the rising dominance of the populist parties. This demonstrated a significant shift in the electoral environment as the axis of competition shifted from intra-elite competition to competition between the traditional parties and outsider parties.


2002 Bolivian general election, Campaign
The strong nationalist and populist surge was partly a backlash against the pro-globalization and neoliberal reforms enacted by de Lozada during his earlier term as president, as well as his American background and education. He was seen as overly sympathetic to American and other foreign interests, a perception reinforced when the US ambassador asked Bolivians not to vote for the populist Morales shortly before the election.


2002 Bolivian general election, Campaign
Throughout this uninterrupted period of Democracy starting in 1982 the leading parties and fringe parties have stayed roughly the same. In this election there was a sudden shift in the front runners of the race. In this race, one of the previous power house parties, National Democratic Action (ADN), gained less than 4% percent of the vote, while fringe party leaders Evo Morales, and Felipe Quispe moved into 2nd and 5th place.


2002 Bolivian general election, Campaign
The period after military rule in Bolivia when citizens were once again put in charge of the government showed a lot of instability in the political sphere. Most political scientists believe that the political state of Bolivia in 1993 was one of havoc, but it was moving towards becoming a more unified democracy. The 2002 campaigns leading up to the election as well as the election results themselves show a different picture. The stratification and instability of the party system has become even more strained than it previously was and constituted one of the most volatile campaign seasons in Bolivian history since independence.


2002 Bolivian general election, Campaign
Coca production also played an important role in the election. de Lozada had cracked down on illegal coca production during his earlier term as president, which improved Bolivian relations with the United States but hurt many poor and indigenous farmers, who relied on coca as their livelihood. Runner-up Evo Morales, who had come from the indigenous population and represented coca farmers earlier in his life, promised to restore the coca industry and reject American influence—leading to the US ambassador's denunciation of his candidacy, as mentioned above.


2002 Bolivian general election, Results
A total of 24 women won seats in the National Congress and four were in the Chamber of Senators following the parliamentary elections.


2002 Bolivian general election, Aftermath
Although many Bolivians were dissatisfied with the results of the election, the elections were generally competitive and fair. No candidate won a clear majority, so the newly elected legislature had to choose between the top two candidates. At this point, Sánchez de Lozada openly negotiated with MIR and Villa’s NFR to shore up coalition support, while Morales refused negotiate with other parties. On 25 July, four weeks after the elections, the MNR, MIR, and UCS among other parties formed the "Government of National Responsibility."


2002 Bolivian general election, Aftermath
After a two-month period of negotiations and coalition making, Sánchez de Lozada was officially elected president by Congress on 4 August with 84 of the 127 valid Congressional votes. While the elections were constitutionally legal and democratic, many voters felt unrepresented and were dissatisfied with the domination of the ideologically incoherent coalition. More than 70 percent of the population had not supported Sánchez de Lozada in the electoral vote, and Congress had elected him president through a series of party negotiations.


2002 Bolivian general election, Aftermath
Inauguration day was met with massive protests by the national confederations of laborers, teachers, medical workers, and peasants. Sánchez de Lozada's precarious position only worsened. Six months into his presidency, the government announced their plan to increase income tax without a proportional increase for those earning the most. La Paz and other urban centers erupted in massive protests. Even the police and other civil society groups rose up against the proposed income tax. Sánchez de Lozada sent in the military to suppress the protests. Outside the palace, the military opened fire and violently ended the confrontation. While the president retracted the proposed income tax, demonstrations, roadblocks, and violent confrontations continued in the following months.


2002 Bolivian general election, Aftermath
Massive protests and strikes erupted again when Sánchez de Lozada proposed to export gas through Chile. This resulted in the gas conflict, where dozens of civilians were killed in confrontations with the military. Parties began withdrawing their support from the governing coalition, and Goni was forced to resign and leave the country on 18 October 2003. Goni was succeeded by his Vice-President, Carlos Mesa.


2002 Bolivian general election, Aftermath
While in charge Mesa kept his promises made when he came into power, appointing a cabinet of mostly independents, showing great sensitivity toward the indigenous people, and overturning a 1997 decree that gave natural gas rights to the people who extracted it. Mesa was also in the process of reforming elections, allowing for greater public participation in elections, as well as plans for a constituent assembly to consider creating a new constitution. Even though these reforms temporarily quelled unrest, by 2005 protests erupted again and Mesa was forced to resign. In 2005, the populist candidate Evo Morales was elected president.


2002 Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council election
Elections to Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council were held on 2 May 2002. One third of the council was up for election and the Labour party kept overall control of the council.


2002 Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council election
21 seats were contested in the election with 2 seats being contested in the Burnden ward. 12 were won by the Labour Party, with 5 won by the Conservatives and 4 won by the Liberal Democrats


2002 Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council election, Council Composition
Prior to the election the composition of the council was:


2002 Bonnaroo Music Festival
In the inaugural year, the Bonnaroo Music Festival was held June 21–23. The more than 70,000 tickets sold out in advance.


2002 Bonnaroo Music Festival, Superjam
Michael Kang (violin and electric mandolin), Bela Fleck (electric synth-banjo), Jeff Raines (acoustic guitar), and Robert Randolph(pedal steel guitar)


2002 Boost Mobile V8 International
The 2002 Boost Mobile V8 International was the twelfth round of the 2002 V8 Supercar Championship Series. It was held on the weekend of 8 to 10 November at Pukekohe Park Raceway in New Zealand.


2002 Bosnian general election
General elections were held in Bosnia and Herzegovina on 5 October 2002. Voter turnout was 55%.


2002 Bosnian general election
The elections for the House of Representatives were divided into two; one for the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and one for Republika Srpska. In the presidential election, each of the three national communities elected a Presidency member. Bosniaks elected Sulejman Tihić, Croats elected Dragan Čović and Serbs elected Mirko Šarović. The Party of Democratic Action emerged as the largest party in the House of Representatives, winning 10 of the 42 seats.


2002 Bosnian general election, Electoral system
Voters elected 42 members to the national House of Representatives. In the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 98 members to its Federal House of Representatives, two representatives (one Bosniak and one Croat) to the tripartite state Presidency and ten cantonal assemblies were elected. In Republika Srpska (RS), 83 members to its National Assembly, the Serb representative of the tripartite state Presidency, one RS president and two RS vice-presidents were elected. There were 39 political parties, 11 coalitions, and 13 independent candidates. Voter turnout was 55%.


2002 Bosnian general election, Results
The elections for the House of Representatives were divided into two; one for the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and one for Republika Srpska. In the presidential election, each of the three national communities elected a Presidency member. Bosniaks elected Sulejman Tihić, Croats elected Dragan Čović and Serbs elected Mirko Šarović.


2002 Boston College Eagles football team
The 2002 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College during the 2002 NCAA Division I-A football season. Boston College was a member of the Big East Conference. The Eagles played their home games at Alumni Stadium in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, which has been their home stadium since 1957.


2002 Boston Marathon
The 2002 Boston Marathon was the 106th running of the annual marathon race in Boston, United States and was held on April 15. The elite men's race was won by Kenya's Rodgers Rop in a time of 2:09:02 hours and the women's race was won by another Kenyan Margaret Okayo in 2:20:43.


2002 Boston Marathon
A total of 14,400 people finished the race, 9149 men and 5251 women.


2002 Boston Red Sox season
The 2002 Boston Red Sox season was the 102nd season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished second in the American League East with a record of 93 wins and 69 losses, 10+1⁄2 games behind the New York Yankees. The Red Sox did not qualify for the postseason, as the AL wild card went to the Anaheim Angels, who had finished second in the American League West with a record of 99–63.


2002 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting
Note: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In; SB = Stolen Bases


2002 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching
Note: G = Games Pitched; GS = Games Started; IP = Innings Pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts


2002 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake
The 2002 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake (also known as the 2002 Avaj earthquake or the 2002 Changureh earthquake) occurred on 22 June  2002. The epicenter was near the city of Bou'in-Zahra in Qazvin Province, a region of northwestern Iran which is crossed by several major faults that is known for destructive earthquakes. The shock measured 6.5 on the Mwc scale, had a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), and was followed by more than 20 aftershocks. At least 230 people were killed and 1,500 more were injured.


2002 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake
According to the International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES), the earthquake was felt as far away as the capital city of Tehran, approximately 290 kilometres (180 mi) east of the epicenter, although no damage was reported there. Most houses in the region were single-story masonry buildings, and virtually all of these collapsed. The public became angry due to the slow official response to victims who needed supplies. Residents of the town of Avaj resorted to throwing stones at the car of a government minister.


2002 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake, Background and tectonics
The northeastern part of Iran lies across part of the belt of active continental collision between the Arabian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. Iran is crossed by several major faults, with 90% of them being seismically active and subject to many earthquakes each year; the area around the rupture experiences minor quakes almost daily. The most seismically active parts of this area are the Zagros fold and thrust belt and the Alborz mountain range. Qazvin Province, which is located between these two zones, suffers less earthquakes, but these may be more powerful because stresses have longer to build.


2002 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake, Background and tectonics
The Bou'in-Zahra earthquake was located in an area of active thrust faulting and folding, parallel and south of the southern edge of the Alborz mountain range, and was the 11th rupture in the previous two months in central Iran. A seismic inversion of long-period P and SH body-wave seismograms indicated a rupture on a thrust fault that dips 49 degrees to the southwest and had a centroid depth of roughly 10 kilometres (6 mi). The rupture's mechanism of faulting was reverse.


2002 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake, Background and tectonics
Multiple-event relocation of the main shock and aftershock epicenters and discontinuous surface ruptures recorded after the earthquake are compatible with northeastward movement on a southwest-dipping thrust, although maximum recorded displacements were less than would have been expected from the observed magnitude. This suggests that most of the slip did not actually reach the Earth's surface but caused folding at the surface.


2002 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake, Background and tectonics
A previously unmapped thrust with little surface expression, the Abdareh fault, has been identified from the disruption of earlier drainage systems by the growth of the fold in its hanging wall, and is thought to be responsible for the earthquake. Such structures are known as blind thrusts, and have been responsible for many destructive earthquakes in Iran and elsewhere. The geomorphological effects of this particular fold have been partly obscured by the presence of an earlier Neogene topography. The Qazvin region was hit by an even greater earthquake in 1962, which killed 12,200. In 1990 a rupture killed over 40,000 people, injured 60,000, and left more than 500,000 homeless.


2002 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake, Damage and casualties
The earthquake occurred at 02:58 UTC (7:28 a.m. Iran Standard Time), while many of the estimated 60 million Iranians affected were in their homes. Its duration was seven seconds, and the epicenter was near the settlement of Bou'in-Zahra in the Khar river valley, a mountainous farming region about 60 kilometres (37 mi) from the provincial capital of Qazvin. The greatest damage was across an area best known for its seedless grape harvesting, a getaway for wealthy residents of Tehran. At least 230 people were killed, 1,500 injured, and 25,000 left homeless.


2002 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake, Damage and casualties
An earlier death toll was reported as 500, but this number was believed to be inflated once it became known that some of the severely injured had been mistaken for dead. Most of the dead were women, children and the elderly, as many of the men were working in local vineyards. Over 20 aftershocks were recorded, with magnitudes up to 5.1 on the moment magnitude scale. At least three of these caused further casualties and damage, most of which were within a 25 kilometres (16 mi) radius of the main shock.


2002 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake, Damage and casualties
An estimated 5,000 buildings were damaged beyond repair. In the Qazvin province, 120 buildings were demolished and 50 villages suffered massive damage. In the neighboring Hamadan province, 45 villages were destroyed. A large majority of houses in the region were single-story masonry buildings, and virtually all of these collapsed. As non-engineered structures, these could not withstand seismic forces, with structural failure and collapse resulting from wall-to-wall separation and the lack of structural integrity and of a proper lateral system of resisting. Newer structures built in accordance with the Iranian code of practice for seismic-resistant design fared much better. Damage to the historic Kharaqan tomb towers, which were in a good state of preservation before the event, suggests that the earthquake was possibly one of the most powerful in the region for approximately 900 years.


2002 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake, Damage and casualties
At a station 28 kilometres (17 mi) from the epicenter, the maximum horizontal and vertical accelerations were recorded to be roughly 0.5 g and 0.26 g. A bridge collapsed as a result of the disaster. Water and irrigation systems were severely damaged near the epicenter, and water facilities were demolished in nine villages. Many of the main water pipelines in the affected areas were damaged or destroyed, causing inadequacies in water availability and quality. Surface cracks were observed in Ab Darreh and Changureh, the villages that suffered the heaviest damage, being roughly 25 kilometres (16 mi) from the epicenter.


2002 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake, Damage and casualties
The relatively low levels of damage in the towns of Avaj or Ab-e-Garm in comparison to Changureh and Ab Darreh suggest a focus of damage to the northwest of the epicenter due to northwest propagation. In Changureh, only two buildings were left standing and over 120 casualties occurred. Ab Darreh also fared poorly; the disaster destroyed the town's only mosque, toppled 40 homes and killed at least 20 people. North of Avaj, in the village of Esmailabad, survivors recovered 38 corpses, a ninth of the total population, while searching for the missing, feared trapped in the ruins. In another village in the vicinity, Aliabad, two shepherds were the only known survivors. In the small village of Kisse-Jin, roughly 80 corpses were recovered following the rupture. Survivors crying and beating their heads and faces over loved ones were a common sight on Iranian state television.


2002 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake, Damage and casualties
The cost of the damage was estimated at US$91 million. The quake was felt across a wide area, including the provinces of Qazvin, Gilan, Kurdistan, Zanjan, and Hamedan. Of all these, Qazvin was the most heavily damaged, with an unnamed Qazvin official reporting that 177 had died in the province. It was also felt in the capital of Tehran, roughly 290 kilometres (180 mi) east of the epicenter, although no serious damage was reported. However, Iranian journalist Borzou Daragahi reported that in Tehran he saw buildings sway and glass objects shatter.


2002 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake, Landslides
The Bou'in-Zahra earthquake triggered 59 landslides over an area of about 3,600 square kilometres (1,390 sq mi). Landslides formed due to the quake included 47 falls and topples, nine slides, and three lateral spreads. The largest of these slides was a rockslide, 150 × 100 m (490 × 330 ft), which occurred southeast of Changureh. Landslides triggered by the quake occurred more often in the geologic areas most susceptible to damage, where there were many landslides before.


2002 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake, Relief efforts and aftermath
The Red Crescent Society sent relief workers, detection dogs, 100 tons of food, 1,000 tents, 2,500 blankets, and mobile kitchens to the earthquake-stricken area. In addition, the Iranian army supplied soldiers, machinery and water trucks. To prevent the spread of disease, villages were sprayed with disinfectants and their inhabitants were given tetanus shots, among other measures. After Iranian officials launched an appeal for assistance, the United Nations Development Programme supplied $50,000. The United Nations' Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) mobilised a United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC) team, deploying five members. Pope John Paul II prayed for the earthquake victims and asked for a "generous" response.


2002 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake, Relief efforts and aftermath
United States President George W. Bush offered aid to Iran, which he had previously called part of an "axis of evil". According to him, "human suffering knows no political boundaries" and he stood "ready to assist the people of Iran as needed and as desired". However, the Iranian government refused his help, though it called for the help of non-governmental agencies.


2002 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake, Relief efforts and aftermath
According to Hossein Rahnema, head of the Red Crescent in Changureh, the society "levelled an area to put up tents but most people wanted to stay next to their houses to look after their property". Survivors instead lit small fires amongst the rubble to protect against freezing temperatures. The Iranian President at the time, Mohammad Khatami, declared three days of mourning and visited earthquake-stricken areas on June 25. Hospitals struggled to cope with the surplus of patients, discharging non-critical ones from their wards. The Associated Press stated that 20 funerals were held on June 23, 2002 at a cemetery overlooking the village of Abdareh. A bank account was started to handle public donations for the families of the dead.


2002 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake, Relief efforts and aftermath
Often armed with no more than shovels and spades, soldiers and civilians dug for bodies in the rubble. Other than this, rescue workers were faced with a number of obstacles, including the temperatures of the villages damaged. They were warm during the day, although the villages grew colder at night, making rescue work harder and threatening the health of the homeless and anyone alive and trapped under the debris. Many civilians were discouraged from helping due to fear of aftershocks. According to Gary Oshea of International Rescue, the volunteers did not have enough technical equipment, and the religious leaders seemed unwilling to contribute much. Official rescue work ended on June 24, 2002, when rescue workers said there were no more survivors.


2002 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake, Relief efforts and aftermath, Public reaction
Of the roughly 80 villages that suffered heavy damage, the Iranian government claimed that relief work was mostly complete. Residents of Changureh, however, complained that tents, food, and medicine had not reached them, after waiting in near-freezing temperatures. A man from Avaj stated that only locals helped uncover the body of his child. In protest at Iran's slow response to the tragedy, some 300 people blocked the main road through Avaj. On June 23, "dozens" of Avaj residents threw stones at Interior Minister Abdolvahed Mousavi-Lari's car in anger at the government's delay in providing relief. They also claimed that the death toll was higher than official reports said it was.


2002 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake, Relief efforts and aftermath, Reconstruction
Electricity was restored to affected areas by June 25. On November 9, 2002, the World Bank granted $225 million towards the reconstruction and economic rehabilitation of the area devastated by the quake. Reconstruction of housing and infrastructure by provincial authorities was interrupted for almost four months (November 2002 – February 2003) due to harsh weather conditions. In August 2003, the reconstruction was completed in all villages affected by the earthquake.


2002 Bowling Green Falcons football team
The 2002 Bowling Green Falcons football team represented Bowling Green State University in the 2002 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Urban Meyer and played their home games in Doyt Perry Stadium in Bowling Green, Ohio. It was the 84th season of play for the Falcons. Despite finishing 9-3, the Falcons were not invited to a bowl game.


2002 Brabantse Pijl
The 2002 Brabantse Pijl was the 42nd edition of the Brabantse Pijl cycle race and was held on 27 March 2002. The race started in Zaventem and finished in Alsemberg. The race was won by Fabien De Waele.


2002 Bradford Bulls season
This article details the Bradford Bulls rugby league football club's 2002 season, the 7th season of the Super League era.


2002 Bradford Bulls season, Season review
As Bradford won the 2001 Super League Grand Final they had to play the winners of the 2001 NRL Grand Final. Newcastle Knights beat Parramatta Eels 30–24 and played the Bulls in the 2002 World Club Challenge. Bradford came away with a 41–22 victory over the Australian champions thanks to a Robbie Paul double and 2 tries from Michael Withers. Bradford were knocked out of the Challenge Cup by a Ben Walker inspired Leeds Rhinos. The Bulls succumbed to a 17–4 loss.


2002 Bradford Bulls season, Season review
The Bulls started off their Super League defence with a hard fought 18–4 win over last years runners up Wigan Warriors. Bradford backed this performance up with a 38–12 win over Warrington Wolves. The Bulls continued their good start to the season by beating Widnes Vikings 22–16. Once again the Bulls overcame the challenge set before them as they recorded 4 wins from 4 games by beating Hull F.C. 32–18.


2002 Bradford Bulls season, Season review
Bradford started April with a 44–12 win over Wakefield Trinity Wildcats. New signing Lesley Vainikolo scored 2 tries to help the Bulls to a victory. The Bulls suffered their first league defeat at the hands of London Broncos as they were beaten 15–14. Bradford soon got back to winning ways as they demolished St Helens R.F.C. 54–22 with Tevita Vaikona scoring a hat-trick. They backed up this fine form with a 44–18 win over Salford City Reds.


2002 Bradford Bulls season, Season review
The Bulls started May off with a hard fought 32–8 victory against Castleford Tigers. The good run came to an end at the hands of rivals Leeds Rhinos. The Rhinos beat Bradford 28–20 at Headingley Stadium. Bradford bounced back from this defeat to beat Halifax Blue Sox 46–22. The Bulls finished May with a hard fought 28–26 win against Wigan Warriors.


2002 Bradford Bulls season, Season review
Bradford started June with a great 40–12 victory over the Warrington Wolves. The Bulls continued their good run of form with a 22–12 win against London Broncos. Bradford then demolished Salford City Reds 48–10 to stay top of the league. Their good run came to an end as the Bulls went down 34–26 to St Helens R.F.C. at Knowsley Road.


2002 Bradford Bulls season, Season review
The Bulls got back to winning ways with a 44–6 win against Widnes Vikings. Bradford then followed this win with yet another victory as they beat Wakefield Trinity Wildcats 36–18. The Bulls continued this run of form with a hard fought 25–24 win at Hull F.C. with Michael Withers kicking the decisive drop goal. Bradford finished the month with a 40–18 win against Castleford Tigers.


2002 Bradford Bulls season, Season review
Bradford started August with a bang as they beat local rivals Leeds Rhinos for the first time this year, a Lesley Vainikolo double helped the Bulls to a 46–18 victory at Valley Parade. The Bulls continued this winning streak by beating Halifax Blue Sox 25–8. Bradford's 6 game winning run was brutally ended by St Helens R.F.C. as the Saints smashed the Bulls 50–22. For the first time this season the Bulls lost two games in a row as they went down 44–14 to Castleford Tigers.


2002 Bradford Bulls season, Season review
The Bulls got back to winning ways with a 46–14 win against London Broncos. Bradford backed this up with a 20–18 win against arch-rivals Leeds Rhinos. The Bulls also beat Wigan Warriors 32–14 however due to a lower points difference Bradford slipped down to 2nd in the table behind St Helens R.F.C. with one game to go.


2002 Bradford Bulls season, Season review
The Bulls finished the regular rounds with a 32–18 win over Hull F.C. however the margin of victory was not enough to claim top spot in the league and Bradford finished 2nd, they finished with 46 points (same as St Helens R.F.C.) but Saints had 14 points more in the points difference column.


2002 Bradford Bulls season, Season review
Bradford faced St Helens R.F.C. in the Qualifying Semi-final at Knowsley Road, the Bulls came out on top as they narrowly defeated the Saints 28–26 in a hard fought contest. In the Grand Final the Bulls lost 19–18 to St Helens R.F.C. however the final second of the game is subject to controversy as Saints captain Chris Joynt gave himself up in a voluntary tackle (a penalty should have gone to the Bulls for this action) in a kickable range which would have given Paul Deacon the chance to win the game 20–19.


2002 Bradford Bulls season, Table
Source: . Classification: 1st on competition points; 2nd on match points difference. Competition points: for win = 2; for draw = 1; for loss = 0.


2002 Brasil Open
The 2002 Brasil Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Costa do Sauipe resort, Mata de São João, Brazil that was part of the International Series of the 2002 ATP Tour and of Tier II of the 2002 WTA Tour. The tournament ran from 9 September through 15 September 2002. Gustavo Kuerten and Anastasia Myskina won the singles titles.


2002 Brasil Open, Finals, Men's Doubles
Scott Humphries /  Mark Merklein defeated  Gustavo Kuerten /  André Sá 6–3, 7–6(7–1)


2002 Brasil Open, Finals, Women's Doubles
Virginia Ruano Pascual /  Paola Suárez defeated  Émilie Loit /  Rossana de los Ríos 6–4, 6–1


2002 Brasil Open – Men's Doubles
Enzo Artoni and Daniel Melo were the defending champions but only Melo competed that year with Ricardo Schlachter.


2002 Brasil Open – Men's Doubles
Melo and Schlachter lost in the first round to Nathan Healey and Jordan Kerr.


2002 Brasil Open – Men's Doubles
Scott Humphries and Mark Merklein won in the final 6–3, 7–6(7–1) against Gustavo Kuerten and André Sá.


2002 Brasil Open – Men's Singles
Jan Vacek was the defending champion but did not compete that year.


2002 Brasil Open – Men's Singles
Gustavo Kuerten won in the final 6–7(4–7), 7–5, 7–6(7–2) against Guillermo Coria.


2002 Brazilian Grand Prix
The 2002 Brazilian Grand Prix (formally the XXXI Grande Prêmio Marlboro do Brasil) was a Formula One motor race held on 31 March 2002 at the Autódromo José Carlos Pace, São Paulo, Brazil. It was the third round of the 2002 Formula One season and the thirty-first Brazilian Grand Prix. The 71-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher after starting from the second position. Ralf Schumacher finished second for the Williams team with David Coulthard third in a McLaren.


2002 Brazilian Grand Prix
Juan Pablo Montoya started from pole position alongside Michael Schumacher. Mika Salo scored his last world championship points at this race.


2002 Brazilian Grand Prix
Michael Schumacher's win was his second of the season, his fourth at Interlagos, and the result meant that he extended his lead in the Drivers' Championship to eight points over Ralf Schumacher and ten over Montoya. Ferrari reduced the lead of Williams in the Constructors' Championship to six points with fourteen races of the season remaining.


2002 Brazilian Grand Prix, Report, Background
The Grand Prix was contested by eleven teams, each of two drivers. The teams, also known as constructors, were Ferrari, McLaren, Williams, Sauber, Jordan, BAR, Renault, Jaguar, Arrows, Minardi and Toyota. Tyre suppliers Bridgestone and Michelin brought two new dry compounds for the race.


2002 Brazilian Grand Prix, Report, Background
Going into the race, Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher led the Drivers' Championship with 14 points, ahead of Williams driver Juan Pablo Montoya with 12 points. Montoya's teammate Ralf Schumacher was third on 10 points, ahead of McLaren driver Kimi Räikkönen and Eddie Irvine for Jaguar. In the Constructors' Championship, Williams were leading with 22 points; eight points ahead of Ferrari with 14 points; McLaren were a further 10 points behind in third. Ferrari and Williams had so far dominated the championship, with Ralf Schumacher winning the Malaysian Grand Prix. Championship contender Montoya had gained second-place finishes, with Räikkonen achieving a third-place podium finishes.


2002 Brazilian Grand Prix, Report, Background
Following the Malaysian Grand Prix on 17 March, the teams conducted testing sessions at the Circuit de Catalunya from 19–22 March. Jaguar concentrated on chassis development to decide whether to race their previous chassis, the R2 and concentrate development on the R3 with their test team, when the latter suffered from poor performance. McLaren test driver Alexander Wurz (McLaren) set the fastest time of the first day, while Rubens Barrichello (Ferrari) was fastest on the second and final days of testing, and Michael Schumacher (Ferrari) topped the third day's running.


2002 Brazilian Grand Prix, Report, Background
Ferrari's main 2002 car, the F2002, was introduced that weekend; the team had been using a modified version of their 2001 car, the F2001, for the opening two rounds. Originally due to be introduced at the first race in Australia, problems with its performance had left the team to develop the car, delaying its debut. One chassis of the F2002 was made available to Michael Schumacher with teammate Barrichello using a modified F2001.


2002 Brazilian Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
Four practice sessions were held before the race: two 60 minute sessions on Friday and two 45 minute sessions on Saturday. The Friday sessions were held in dry and sunny conditions. Michael Schumacher set the session's fastest time with a lap of 1:15.627, one second ahead of Ralf Schumacher. Giancarlo Fisichella was one-tenth of a second off Ralf Schumacher's pace, with the two Sauber drivers fourth and fifth, Nick Heidfeld ahead of Felipe Massa with Arrows driver Enrique Bernoldi rounding out the top six.


2002 Brazilian Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
The session was disrupted by an incident as Räikkönen stalled after spinning off at the Descida do Sol corner—the incident required a suspension as marshals cleared the track of the car. In the second practice session, David Coulthard set the fastest lap of the day, a 1:15.075. The two Williams drivers were second and fourth, Montoya ahead of Ralf Schumacher; they were separated by Toyota driver Allan McNish. Michael Schumacher and Räikkönen completed the top six positions.


2002 Brazilian Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
The Saturday practice sessions were again held in dry and sunny conditions. Michael Schumacher again set the fastest lap with a time of 1:13.837. Räikkönen was the second fastest driver, edging closer to Michael Schumacher's time during the session. Barrichello was third fastest, with the Williams drivers fourth and sixth, Ralf Schumacher ahead of Montoya; they were separated by Coulthard. In the final practice session, Ralf Schumacher set the fastest time of the session, a 1:13.543, two hundredths of a second ahead of Coulthard. The Renault drivers were running quicker, Jenson Button ahead of Jarno Trulli.


2002 Brazilian Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
Michael Schumacher and Räikkönen rounded out the top six. The session was disrupted by incidents as Massa's car broke down—the stranded car required a suspension as marshals need to clear the track— and Takuma Sato spun off and struck the safety barriers at turn 7 and lost his car's front wing. After the session's conclusion, the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) announced that Barrichello would have his fastest qualifying time stripped when it was determined that the Ferrari driver left the pitlane when closed. Sato was later given the same punishment for a similar offence.


2002 Brazilian Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
Saturday's afternoon qualifying session lasted for an hour. During this session, the 107% rule was in effect, which necessitated each driver set a time within 107% of the quickest lap to qualify for the race. Each driver was limited to twelve laps. Montoya achieved his first pole position of the season, his first at Interlagos, with a time of 1:13.114. He was joined on the front row by Michael Schumacher who was one-tenth of a second behind.


2002 Brazilian Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
Ralf Schumacher qualified third, having battled with Montoya for pole position early in the session and was also happy with the set-up of his car. Coulthard qualified fourth, though he was unhappy with his qualifying pace. Coulthard's teammate Räikkönen qualified fifth having been forced to use his team's spare car when his race car developed a hydraulic problem. Trulli, Button, Barrichello, Heidfeld and Mika Salo rounded out the top ten. Pedro de la Rosa bettered teammate Irvine when he qualified 11th; Felipe Massa split the two Jaguar drivers in 12th. Fisichella qualified 14th, with the only Canadian driver in the field, Jacques Villeneuve, managed 15th ahead of his BAR teammate Olivier Panis in 17th; they were separated by McNish in 16th. The Arrows and Minardi drivers qualified at the back of the field, covering positions 18 to 22 with Sato.


2002 Brazilian Grand Prix, Report, Race
The conditions for the race were dry with the air temperature 31 °C (88 °F) and the track temperature ranged between 38–40 °C (100–104 °F). The drivers took to the track at 09:30 (UTC -3) for a 30-minute warm-up session. Michael Schumacher maintained his good form over the weekend by setting the fastest time of the session, a 1:15.866, half a second faster than de la Rosa, in second place. Räikkönen had the third fastest time, ahead of the Williams drivers in fourth and fifth—Ralf Schumacher ahead of Montoya—with Barrichello rounding out the top six.


2002 Brazilian Grand Prix, Report, Race
A crash by Bernoldi with two minutes of the session remaining caused his car to catch fire and required a red flag as the medical car was deployed to the scene. As medical car driver Alex Ribeiro stopped to assist Bernoldi, Heidfeld lost control and slid off the track, colliding with the car's left door just after Ribeiro opened it.


2002 Brazilian Grand Prix, Report, Race
The race started at 14:00 local time. Michael Schumacher made a good start, drawing alongside Montoya into the first corner. Montoya held the outside line for the turn, but Michael Schumacher overtook around the inside when Montoya ran wide. As the leading pair headed into the first straight, Montoya was in the slipstream off Michael Schumacher's car and braked later than the Ferrari driver which resulted in Montoya losing his front wing.


2002 Brazilian Grand Prix, Report, Race
On lap 7, Fisichella's car suffered an engine failure and became the first retirement of the race.


2002 Brazilian Grand Prix, Report, Race
Schumacher managed to narrowly win ahead of Ralf, but an unusual incident happened at the end of the race, when retired soccer star Pelé, who was tasked with waving the checkered flag, failed to notice the Schumachers approaching the line. He immediately waved by the time he realized his mistake, but did it on the Jordan of Takuma Sato, who was running two laps down on ninth and third-place finisher Coulthard.


2002 Brazilian Grand Prix, Report, Post-race
The top three drivers appeared on the podium to collect their trophies, and in the subsequent press conference.


2002 Brazilian Grand Prix, Report, Post-race
The race result left Michael Schumacher extending his lead in the Drivers' Championship with 24 points. Ralf Schumacher was second with 16 points, two points ahead of Montoya and ten ahead of Button. In the Constructors' Championship, Ferrari reduced the lead of Williams to six points, and McLaren remained third on eight points with fourteen races of the season remaining.


2002 Brazilian Grand Prix, Classification, Qualifying
– The best times of Barrichello (1:13.919) and Sato (1:15.283) were canceled.


2002 Brazilian general election
The 2002 Brazilian presidential election was held in 2002 with two rounds of balloting in conjunction with elections to the National Congress and state governorships. The election was held in the midst of an economic crisis that began in the second term of President Fernando Henrique Cardoso of the centre-right Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB). Due to constitution term limits, Cardoso was ineligible to run for a third consecutive term.


2002 Brazilian general election
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva of the Workers' Party (PT), a former labor leader and federal deputy for São Paulo, ran for president for a fourth time. Lula had previous lost 1989, 1994, and 1998 presidential elections, being defeated by Cardoso in the latter two. Lula somewhat moderated his political approach in the 2002 presidential campaign, writing a document now known as the Letter to the Brazilian People to ease fears that he would transition Brazil into a full-fledged socialist economy. Staying true to this turn to the center, Lula chose José Alencar, a millionaire textile businessman and Senator from Minas Gerais associated with the centre-right Liberal Party (PL), as his running mate.


2002 Brazilian general election
Following a tense intra-party battle over who would run to succeed Cardoso on the PSDB ticket, former Minister of Health José Serra was ultimately selected by the party to be its standard bearer for President in 2002. Rita Camata, a federal deputy for Espírito Santo and member of the centrist Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB), was chosen as his running mate. In the beginning of the election cycle, Governor of Maranhão Roseana Sarney (PFL) looked to be the most viable centre-right candidate. However, a corruption scandal forced Sarney out of the race, allowing the PSDB to remain the paramount centre-right force in the 2002 cycle.


2002 Brazilian general election
The election took place in the aftermath of an economic crisis that hit Brazil during Cardoso's second term. Lula's pivot to the centre worked, picking up the support of key centrist and centre-right politicians such as former President José Sarney in the process. In the first round, Lula would lead Serra by a wide margin, only failing to prevent a runoff because of votes that went to other left-wing candidates. In the second round, Lula would defeat Serra by a landslide, winning every state except for Alagoas. In 2003, Lula took office as President of Brazil, becoming the first leftist elected to the office following the fall of the military dictatorship.


2002 Brazilian general election, Background
During the second term of the Fernando Henrique Cardoso administration, a serious economic crisis began in Brazil as an impact of the 1997 Asian financial crisis. Commencing shortly after the 1998 elections, when Cardoso was re-elected, as a currency crisis, it resulted in a decrease in growth and employment rates and a rise in public debt.


2002 Brazilian general election, Background
In an environment of distrust and uncertainty for investment, many investors feared the measures that were going to be taken if a left-wing candidate won the election. As a matter of fact, when Workers' Party candidate Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (Lula) would rise in the polls, the so-called "Brazil risk" index, which measures the confidence of investors in the country, would also rise.


2002 Brazilian general election, Background
The media called this the "Lula risk", indicating that if Lula was to win the election, the economy would fail. Lula was then forced to sign a text that became known as Carta aos Brasileiros (Letter to the Brazilian people), promising that if he won the election, he would not change the economic policy of Brazil. Many in the left-wing saw this as a shift to the center from Lula and his Workers' Party, which openly defended a transition to socialist economy in the 1989 presidential election.


2002 Brazilian general election, Brazilian Social Democratic Party (PSDB) presidential candidate selection
With incumbent President Fernando Henrique Cardoso ineligible to run for a third consecutive term due to term limits, the dominant centre-right PSDB was forced to find a new candidate for the 2002 election. Given that Cardoso was elected with the help of a broad centre-right coalition, there existed fear among PSDB officials that another candidate would be unable to maintain his coalition.


2002 Brazilian general election, Brazilian Social Democratic Party (PSDB) presidential candidate selection
José Serra, who had served as Minister of Health under Cardoso, was eventually chosen as the party's nominee. Outgoing President Cardoso was initially favorable to the prospect of Governor of Ceará Tasso Jereissati serving as the PSDB's presidential nominee in 2002. According to a report by The Economist, Jereissati enjoyed broader support among the PSDB's coalition partners than Serra, whose performance on the campaign trail was considered lackluster. Additionally, some PSDB insiders and political scientists feared that Serra would perform poorly in the northeast, and believed that Jereissati would do better in the region owing to being from Ceará.


2002 Brazilian general election, Brazilian Social Democratic Party (PSDB) presidential candidate selection
In addition to Serra and Jereissati, who were the subject of most speculation, other potential PSDB candidates were speculated on, including members of the Cardoso administration. Economist and education official Paulo Renato Souza, who served as Cardoso's Minister of Education, was occasionally mentioned as a potential PSDB candidate, though he declined to run. Pedro Malan, an economist who served as Minister of Finance under Cardoso, was also the subject of some 2002 speculation, though he similarly chose not to contest the election for the PSDB.


2002 Brazilian general election, Brazilian Social Democratic Party (PSDB) presidential candidate selection
Both Governor of São Paulo Geraldo Alckmin and President of the Chamber of Deputies Aécio Neves were also the subject of some media speculation, though neither entered the race; Alckmin would later represent the PSDB in the 2006 and 2018 presidential elections, while Neves would be the party's presidential candidate in 2014.


2002 Brazilian general election, Workers' Party (PT) presidential candidate selection
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, known as Lula, was a fixture of the Brazilian Left going into the 2002 election. Well-known for his role in the 1980 steelworkers' strike, the former labor leader and federal deputy for São Paulo served as the PT's presidential candidate in 1989, 1994, and 1998.


2002 Brazilian general election, Workers' Party (PT) presidential candidate selection
Nevertheless, Lula faced some opposition within his own party, who felt that he shouldn't lead the party after losing the past three presidential elections. Senator Eduardo Suplicy of São Paulo contested the nomination for as the candidacy of the PT. Suplicy was well-known for being an early supporter of a universal basic income, and party leadership encouraged his participation in the party's preliminary election to mobilize and unite the party's base. Suplicy would lose to Lula with just over 15% of the preliminary vote. During the campaign, Suplicy accused party leadership of favoring Lula, publicly demanding that pro-Lula party president José Dirceu be impartial in the election.


2002 Brazilian general election, Workers' Party (PT) presidential candidate selection
Former Governor of the Federal District Cristovam Buarque was named as a possible centrist challenger to Lula in the PT preliminary election. Buarque, who had supported Democratic Labour Party (PDT) candidate Leonel Brizola rather than Lula in the 1989 presidential election, was known for his independence from party leadership. A member of the party's moderate wing, he was an early supporter of PT moving to the political centre, advocating for privatization of some state industries. Buarque ended up not running for President, and would join Lula's administration as Minister of Education in 2003 before leaving the party altogether.


2002 Brazilian general election, Workers' Party (PT) presidential candidate selection
On the other hand, some members of the party's left-wing who felt Lula that was too moderate urged Mayor of Belém Edmilson Rodrigues to contest the party' nomination. Edmilson did not end up running for the party's nomination, and would later leave the party to join the left-wing Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL).


2002 Breeders' Cup betting scandal
The 2002 Breeders' Cup betting scandal was an incident that arose when computer programmer Chris Harn conspired with two friends, Derrick Davis and Glen DaSilva, to manipulate bets in the 2002 Breeders' Cup, held at Arlington Park in Arlington Heights, Illinois. This enabled him to arrange a $3 million USD payout to the trio. The scam was exposed when a 43-to-1 longshot won the Breeders' Cup Classic. This unanticipated victory made Davis the sole winner of the Pick 6 jackpot. Eventually, Harn, Davis and DaSilva entered pleas of guilty.


2002 Breeders' Cup betting scandal
The incident was the largest betting scandal to take place in the United States in a century. It also exposed serious security flaws in the system used to collect bets for horse races.


2002 Breeders' Cup betting scandal, Background
Harn was a senior computer programmer at Autotote, which handled the wagers for 65 percent of horse races in North America at the time. In the fall of 2001, Harn discovered unclaimed ticket data that if claimed, would total hundreds of thousands of dollars. Using this data, he reprinted the unclaimed tickets so that he and his friends could claim them at local tracks. However, cashing them was another matter. As an Autotote employee, he was restricted from making wagers himself. In any event, he was too well known at the tracks to cash them.


2002 Breeders' Cup betting scandal, Background
To solve this problem, he talked DaSilva and Davis into cashing the tickets at various tracks. The three men had been friends and fraternity brothers at Tau Kappa Epsilon during their days at Drexel University. DaSilva now lived in New York City while Davis lived in Baltimore. Davis and DaSilva traveled to several tracks in New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania to cash the vouchers. The three men then split the winnings.


2002 Breeders' Cup betting scandal, Background
However, Harn soon realized that if they kept it up too long, they'd eventually be tracked down. He looked for a way to get one big payoff that could allow him to easily cover his tracks. He found it in the Breeders' Cup, the richest day in American horse racing. Harn decided to go for the Ultra Pick 6, in hopes of scoring a win by picking the winners of the six major races of the competition—the Classic, Turf, Sprint, Distaff, Juvenile and Mile.


2002 Breeders' Cup betting scandal, Finding a weak link
At the time, all wagers placed at the numerous off-track betting parlors around the country that were still live after the second race of a Pick 4 and the fourth race of a Pick 6 were forwarded to Autotote headquarters in Newark, Delaware and to the track where the race was held. Harn discovered that there was a half-hour delay between the end of the second or fourth race and when the live wagers were forwarded—enough time to alter the results. Harn was uniquely positioned to take advantage of this weak link. He was a "super user"—the highest level of access at Autotote. In fact, he was responsible for maintaining the entire network.


2002 Breeders' Cup betting scandal, Finding a weak link
He had DaSilva set up an account at the Catskill Off-Track Betting Corporation in Pomona, New York. Harn liked Catskill because its security was fairly lax. Unlike other OTB parlors, it didn't require the bettor to be physically present to open an account, and also didn't have a transaction history file. It was also a fairly low-traffic facility, making it easier to alter bets. He'd set up the system himself, so he knew how it could be exploited.


2002 Breeders' Cup betting scandal, The scheme
Harn had DaSilva conduct two dry runs of their scheme. On October 3, DaSilva bet on the Pick 4 harness races at Balmoral Park, about 45 miles from Arlington Park. After the first two races, Harn logged in and altered the original bets on the first two races, then picked every horse in the last two races. As a result, DaSilva netted $80,000 in winnings. Two days later, Harn and DaSilva repeated the pattern in a Pick 6 at Belmont Park. This time, DaSilva scored $100,000. For the Breeders' Cup, Harn had Davis open an account at Catskill in case the authorities got suspicious of DaSilva. Davis then called Catskill from his home in Baltimore to buy a $12 Pick 6 ticket, picking one winner in the first four races.


2002 Breeders' Cup betting scandal, The scheme
On Breeders' Cup Day, Harn slipped into his office at Autotote. To make sure he was covered, he remotely ejected the backup tape at Catskill before the first race. He then took several calls from Davis while the races were underway. After the fourth race, and half an hour before the Turf, Harn hacked onto the system and tracked down Davis' bet. He then changed Davis' original bet to reflect the actual four winners. After having the Catskill techs reinsert the tape, he bet on every horse running in the Turf and Classic, assuring that he would win. The plan worked, and they were able to turn their original $1,152 bet into almost $3.1 million in winnings--$2.57 million for winning the Pick 6, plus $498,000 in consolation prizes for picking five out of six winners.


2002 Breeders' Cup betting scandal, Suspicions mount
Unfortunately for Harn and his friends, the Classic was won by Volponi, a 43-to-1 longshot. Had a horse won with shorter odds, or if more money had been bet on Volponi, there would have been more winners—and a smaller payout—and Davis' bet would have looked normal. As it turned out, Davis held the only jackpot winner.


2002 Breeders' Cup betting scandal, Suspicions mount
The nature of the bet raised suspicions as well. While most bettors pick more than one horse to increase their chances of winning, as mentioned above Davis selected only one horse for the first four races and effectively played the same ticket six times. It also seemed unusual that all the bets were placed through Catskill, a fairly small operation. The New York Racing Association asked the New York State Racing and Wagering Board to launch an investigation. As a first step, the board asked Arlington Park and Catskill not to pay out Davis' winnings. The New York State Police, FBI and the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York later joined in the investigation.


2002 Breeders' Cup betting scandal, Suspicions mount
Harn and Davis were very nervous, but finally decided their only course was to claim the bet was legitimate. Davis went to the press, maintaining his innocence. He said the only reason that the payout was so large was that he'd intended to make a $2 bet rather than the $12 bet he'd actually made. Davis demanded proof of any wrongdoing.


2002 Breeders' Cup betting scandal, Caught
The fact that the nature of the ticket changed so abruptly after the first four races (the same four winners picked for the first four races on every bet and then every possible combination of horses in the last two races) led investigators to wonder early on if someone had hacked into the system and changed the ticket. Naturally, the focus turned to the Autotote system. Autotote immediately suspected an inside job, and questioned all of its employees in Newark.


2002 Breeders' Cup betting scandal, Caught
They soon discovered that Harn wasn't scheduled to work on the day of the race, but had still been in the office. Even more seriously, they discovered Harn had tapped into the system and altered Davis' ticket after the first four races. When Harn couldn't explain his activity or what he was doing at work in the first place, Autotote fired him and turned over the results of its own investigation to New York State and federal officials.


2002 Breeders' Cup betting scandal, Caught
Investigators soon discovered that Harn and Davis had been members of Drexel's Tau Kappa Epsilon chapter. Not long after that, they discovered DaSilva had been a member of that fraternity at the same time as Harn and Davis, and also had an account at Catskill. They soon discovered that DaSilva's bets at Balmoral and Belmont were similar in nature to the larger bet Davis made at the Breeders' Cup—raising suspicions that they were dry runs for the Breeders' Cup bet. The New York State Police also seized computers from Autotote and Harn's house, and also subpoenaed Harn's phone records. On November 12, Harn, Davis and DaSilva were each charged with one count of wire fraud in White Plains, New York. James Comey, the U.S. Attorney for Southern New York, portrayed the scheme as a 21st-century version of The Sting.


2002 Breeders' Cup betting scandal, Caught
In the face of mounting evidence—including numerous calls from Davis' cell phone to Harn's Autotote phone and witnesses who saw Harn logged into the Catskill site while on the phone— Harn opted to cooperate with investigators. He not only admitted rigging the Breeders' Cup bet and the test runs he'd conducted with DaSilva, but also told investigators about his scheme to cash unpaid tickets—something they didn't know anything about. Federal law requires anyone cooperating with prosecutors to disclose all criminal activity in which they'd engaged.


2002 Breeders' Cup betting scandal, Caught
On November 20—a week after the indictment—Harn pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit wire and computer fraud and conspiracy to commit money laundering. He admitted to rigging the Breeders' Cup, Balmoral and Belmont bets. He also admitted to bilking legitimate winners out of $92,500 with his duplicate ticket scheme. On December 11, DaSilva pleaded guilty to similar charges, but claimed he didn't know Davis was in on the scheme and that he took no part in the Breeders' Cup bet. The next day, Davis pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit wire fraud and gave up all claims to the money.


2002 Breeders' Cup betting scandal, Caught
On March 20, 2003; Harn was sentenced to a year and a day in federal prison. Davis received 37 months while DaSilva received two years. The $3.1 million payoff was split among 78 people who'd gotten five out of six races right; each got $39,000 in addition to their original $4,600 consolation prizes.


2002 Breeders' Cup betting scandal, Fallout
Even though Autotote officials characterized the scheme as the actions of a "rogue software engineer", the National Thoroughbred Racing Association took swift action in the face of a growing outcry once the nature of the scam emerged. It required all tote companies to modify their software to transmit betting information immediately after the bet has closed. It also pressured its member tracks into not doing business with parlors that didn't have the ability to record wagers taken over the phone.


2002 Breeders' Cup betting scandal, Fallout
The scheme was profiled on the Canadian television series Masterminds.


2002 Brent London Borough Council election
The 2002 Brent London Borough Council  election took place on 2 May 2002 to elect members of Brent London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election with boundary changes since the last election in 1998 reducing the number of seats by 3. The Labour party stayed in overall control of the council.


2002 Brent London Borough Council election, Election result
Labour lost 8 seats, but remained in control of the council.


2002 Brent London Borough Council election, Election result
The above totals include the delayed election in Northwick Park on 13 June 2002.


2002 Brent London Borough Council election, Ward results, Northwick Park delayed election
The election in Northwick Park was delayed until 13 June 2002 after the death of one of the Liberal Democrat candidates. All 3 seats were won by the Conservative party.


2002 Brentwood Borough Council election
Elections to Brentwood Borough Council were held on 2 May 2002. The entire council was up for election following boundary changes. The Liberal Democrats retained control of the council for a twelfth   year.


2002 Brickyard 400
The 2002 Brickyard 400, the 9th running of the event, was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series race held on August 4, 2002 at Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana. Contested at 160 laps on the 2.5 mile (4.023 km) speedway, it was the twenty-first race of the 2002 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season. Bill Elliott of Evernham Motorsports won the race.


2002 Brickyard 400
This was the first race to feature Steel and Foam Reduction (SAFER) barrier at Indianapolis that will used to make racing accidents safer.


2002 Brickyard 400, Background
The Indianapolis Motor Speedway, located in Speedway, Indiana, (an enclave suburb of Indianapolis) in the United States, is the home of the Indianapolis 500 and the Brickyard 400. It is located on the corner of 16th Street and Georgetown Road, approximately six miles (10 km) west of Downtown Indianapolis. It is a four-turn rectangular-oval track that is 2.5 miles (4.023 km) long. The track's turns are banked at 9 degrees, while the front stretch, the location of the finish line, has no banking. The back stretch, opposite of the front, also has a zero degree banking. The racetrack has seats for more than 250,000 spectators.


2002 Brickyard 400, Summary
Kurt Busch and Jimmy Spencer, locked in a burgeoning feud dating back to Bristol, collided on lap 36. Busch hit the turn 3 wall. Veteran Bill Elliott added the Brickyard to his long resume, and Rusty Wallace finished second for the third time.


2002 Brickyard 400, Summary
Following the race, Tony Stewart was fined $50,000 and placed into probation not by NASCAR, but by his sponsor, The Home Depot, for punching a photographer post-race.


2002 Brickyard 400, Summary
Failed to qualify: Ron Hornaday (#49), Derrike Cope (#37), Scott Wimmer (#27), Tony Raines (#74), Jim Sauter (#71), Stuart Kirby (#57), P. J. Jones (#50)


2002 Bridgeport Barrage season
The Bridgeport Barrage played their second season, as a charter member of the MLL, during the 2002 season of Major League Lacrosse. The Barrage ended up in 3rd place in the American Division with a record of 3–11. The Barrage failed to qualify for the 2002 season MLL playoffs.


2002 Bridgeport Barrage season, Schedule
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2002 Bridgeport Barrage season, Schedule
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2002 Bridgestone Grand Prix of Monterey
The 2002 Bridgestone Grand Prix of Monterey was the fifth round of the 2002 CART FedEx Champ Car World Series season, held on June 9, 2002 at Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca in Monterey, California.


2002 Bridgestone Potenza 500
The 2002 Bridgestone Potenza 500 was the third round of the 2002 CART FedEx Champ Car World Series season, held on April 27, 2002, on the oval at Twin Ring Motegi in Motegi, Japan.


2002 Bridgestone Potenza 500
This marked the final Champ Car race for PacWest Racing. It also marked the final time Champ Car would compete in Japan as next years event was contested by the Indy Racing League.


2002 Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation election, Election result
Shiv Sena - BJP alliance won the 2002 BMC election with a clear majority. Indian National Congress and Nationalist Congress Party are other two major political parties in this election


2002 Brisbane Broncos season
The 2002 Brisbane Broncos season was the fifteenth in the club's history. They competed in the NRL's 2002 Telstra Premiership and finished the regular season in third position before going on to again come within one match of the grand final for the second consecutive year.


2002 Brisbane Broncos season, Season summary
The 2002 NRL season saw the return of club legend Allan Langer to the Brisbane Broncos, following his successful comeback to Australian rugby league in the previous year's State of Origin decider. In 2002 he was the NRL's oldest player at 36 years and 60 days.


2002 Brisbane Broncos season, Season summary
2002 was also the beginning of Brisbane's recurring "post origin slump", which was to haunt the club for the next four years. As most of the Queensland Maroons who compete in the mid-week State of Origin matches are Broncos' players, this extra workload often results in a loss of form for the club around and after the time of the Origin series. The Broncos finished the regular season in 3rd position, with the second-highest points differential in the league, but were knocked out in the Preliminary Final by the eventual premiers, the Sydney Roosters, in a rematch of the 2000 Grand Final.


2002 Brisbane Broncos season, Season summary
One season highlight was the week 12 upset of Wests Tigers. Despite finishing the season down the ladder the Tigers were in a finals spot at the time. With nine players selected for Origin, Brisbane played six debutants, including Corey Parker, Scott Prince and Shaun Berrigan, ultimately defeating the Tigers 28–14.


2002 Brisbane Broncos season, Ladder
1 The Bulldogs were deducted 37 premiership points due to gross salary cap breaches.


2002 Brisbane Lions season
The Brisbane Lions' 2002 season was its sixth season in the Australian Football League (AFL). In it, the club won its second consecutive premiership, and second overall.


2002 Brisbane Sevens
The 2002 Brisbane Sevens, officially called the 2002 Brisbane International Sevens, was an international rugby sevens tournament that was part of the World Sevens Series in the 2001–02 season. It was the Australian Sevens leg of the series, held at Ballymore Stadium in Brisbane over the weekend of the 2 and 3 March 2002.


2002 Brisbane Sevens
The tournament was the second completed edition of the Australian Sevens, and was won by Australia who defeated New Zealand 28-0 in the Cup final.


2002 Brisbane Sevens, Format
The teams were drawn into four pools of four teams each. Each team played the other teams in their pool once, with 3 points awarded for a win, 2 points for a draw, and 1 point for a loss (no points awarded for a forfeit). The top two teams from each pool advanced to the Cup/Plate brackets. The bottom two teams from each group went on to the Bowl/Shield brackets.


2002 Brisbane Sevens, Pool Stage
Play on the first day of the tournament consisted of matches between teams in the same pool on a round robin basis. The following is a list of the recorded results.


2002 Brisbane Sevens, Knockout stage
Play on the second day of the tournament consisted of finals matches for the Shield, Bowl, Plate, and Cup competitions. The following is a list of the recorded results.


2002 Bristol City Council election
The 2002 Bristol City Council election took place on 2 May 2002, on the same day as other local elections. Despite suffering some losses, the Labour Party managed to retain a slim majority.


2002 Bristow Helicopters Sikorsky S-76A crash
G-BJVX, a Norwich-based commercial Sikorsky S-76A helicopter operated by Bristow Helicopters, crashed in the evening of 16 July 2002 in the southern North Sea while it was making a ten-minute flight between the gas production platform Clipper and the drilling rig Global Santa Fe Monarch, after which it was to return to Norwich Airport.


2002 Bristow Helicopters Sikorsky S-76A crash
Investigators discovered the accident was caused by the failure of a main rotor blade.


2002 Bristow Helicopters Sikorsky S-76A crash, Accident
The 22-year-old helicopter was flying at an altitude of about 320 ft (98 m) when workers on the Global Santa Fe Monarch heard "a loud bang". No witnesses were actually watching the aircraft at the time, but some saw it dive steeply into the sea. A witness also reported seeing the helicopter's rotor headwith rotor blades attached falling into the sea after the body of the helicopter had impacted.


2002 Bristow Helicopters Sikorsky S-76A crash, Accident
The accident caused the death of all those on board (two crew members and nine Shell workers as passengers). The body of the eleventh man has never been recovered.


2002 Bristow Helicopters Sikorsky S-76A crash, Search and rescue
The rig Standby Vessel, Putford Achilles, which was about 1.5 mi (2.4 km) from thelocation immediately launched its two fast rescue craft, which recovered four bodies and some floating debris. The search was continued, resulting in the recovery of another body. Great Yarmouth Coastguard launched rescue helicopters and other vessels arrived on the scene that night, but no survivors or further bodies were recovered from the surface of the sea.


2002 Bristow Helicopters Sikorsky S-76A crash, Search and rescue
An underwater search for the six missing bodies began on 17 July, the debris field was located in 40 m (130 ft) of water by a remotely operated vehicle from the vessel Kommandor Subsea on 19 July. The Diving Support Vessel Mayo arrived later that day and began the recovery of bodies and wreckage, five more bodies being retrieved. An underwater search for the remaining missing body was eventually halted on 23 July. A surface vessel search was maintained for two more days and an aerial search until 30 July, without success.


2002 Bristow Helicopters Sikorsky S-76A crash, Investigation
The wreckage, which included the helicopter's flight data recorder, was brought ashore at Great Yarmouth on 21 July, and transferred to an Air Accidents Investigation Branch facility near Aldershot, Hampshire, where it was examined by investigators from the AAIB, the US National Transportation Safety Board and Federal Aviation Administration, the aircraft manufacturer, and the operator.


2002 Bristow Helicopters Sikorsky S-76A crash, Investigation, Cause
The audio recordings from the Cockpit voice recorder revealed that the crew were unaware of any significant abnormality until the flight from the Clipper platform to the Monarch platform. About 4.5 minutes into this flight, they discussed an increase in vibration. The non-handling pilot carried out a "rotor track and balance" procedure; the increase in vibration did not cause the crew any immediate concern and the procedure was carried out to enable the Integrated Health and Usage Monitoring System (IHUMS) to log rotor track and balance data for later analysis.


2002 Bristow Helicopters Sikorsky S-76A crash, Investigation, Cause
Frequency spectrum analysis of the audio recordings indicated an increase in the amplitude of frequencies associated with main rotor vibration towards the end of the recording. The recording ended abruptly with three unusual, probably structure-borne, sounds.


2002 Bristow Helicopters Sikorsky S-76A crash, Investigation, Cause
Wreckage analysis showed that, while three of the main rotor blades exhibited only superficial damage, the fourth was fractured at a position approximately 76.75 in (1,949 mm) from the blade root, while the main rotor gearbox's casing was also fractured. Neither the gearbox nor the rotor head could be recovered. The rotor blade, which had been manufactured in March 1981, had been struck by lightning in 1999, when it was repaired by the manufacturer and returned to service.


2002 Bristow Helicopters Sikorsky S-76A crash, Investigation, Cause
After the accident, the AAIB and the helicopter's manufacturer, Stratford, Connecticut-based Sikorsky Aircraft, reached the opinion that the electrical energy imparted by the lightning strike in 1999 exploited an anomaly that was built into the blade at manufacture and damaged the spar. The Air Accidents Investigation Branch report stated that the manufacturers should have noticed the error, unless it was permitted by concession.


2002 Bristow Helicopters Sikorsky S-76A crash, Aftermath
Shell suspended North Sea helicopter flights by the operator for six weeks after the accident until 3 September 2002.


2002 Bristow Helicopters Sikorsky S-76A crash, Aftermath
The inquest into the deaths opened on 31 October at the Great Yarmouth Coroner's Court and the jury returned a verdict of Accidental Death on 2 November 2005 on the basis of an AAIB report finalised during that year.


2002 Bristow Helicopters Sikorsky S-76A crash, Aftermath
Earlier, in late 2003, the company Bristow had agreed to a compensation deal for five children, whose fathers were killed in the crash.


2002 Bristow Helicopters Sikorsky S-76A crash, Aftermath
The names of the deceased are engraved on a glass porch in St Nicholas Church, Great Yarmouth.


2002 Bristow Helicopters Sikorsky S-76A crash, Aftermath
In 2007, a Norwich coroner's officer launched legal action over claims he suffered stress following the tragedy, claiming compensation, stating he received insufficient support at the time of the incident and in its aftermath. A Norfolk police spokesman confirmed the traumatic nature of the 2002 incident for all those involved, the more so since it had occurred on the eve of a one-day general strike of council's workers in the UK and two days before a royal visit to Norwich.


2002 Brit Awards
The 2002 Brit Awards were the 22nd edition of the biggest annual pop music awards in the United Kingdom. They are run by the British Phonographic Industry and took place on 20 February 2002 at Earls Court in London. first present year in International Album.


2002 Britannic Asset Management International Championships
The 2002 Britannic Asset Management International Championships was a women's tennis tournament played on grass courts at the Eastbourne Tennis Centre in Eastbourne, United Kingdom that was part of Tier II of the 2002 WTA Tour. It was the 28th edition of the tournament and was held from 17 until 22 June 2002. Unseeded Chanda Rubin won the singles title.


2002 Britannic Asset Management International Championships, Finals, Doubles
Lisa Raymond /  Rennae Stubbs defeated  Cara Black /  Elena Likhovtseva 6–7(5–7), 7–6(8–6), 6–2


2002 Britannic Asset Management International Championships – Doubles
Lisa Raymond and Rennae Stubbs were the defending champions and won in the final 6–7 (5–7), 7–6 (8–6), 6–2 against Cara Black and Elena Likhovtseva.


2002 Britannic Asset Management International Championships – Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


2002 Britannic Asset Management International Championships – Singles
The Singles competition of the 2002 Britannic Asset Management International Championships was part of the 28th edition of the Eastbourne International tennis tournament, Tier II of the 2002 WTA Tour. Lindsay Davenport was the defending champion but did not compete that year. Chanda Rubin won in the final 6–1, 6–3 against Anastasia Myskina.


2002 Britannic Asset Management International Championships – Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated. The top four seeds received a bye to the second round.


2002 British Academy Television Awards
The 2002 British Academy Television Awards were held on Sunday 21 April 2002. The ceremony was hosted by the television presenter Chris Tarrant and broadcast on ITV the following day.


2002 British Academy Television Craft Awards
The British Academy Television Craft Awards of 2002 are presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) and were held on 12 May 2002 at the Savoy Hotel, Westminster, the ceremony was hosted by Harry Enfield.


2002 British Columbia Indigenous treaty referendum
The BC Treaty Referendum was a province-wide referendum on First Nations treaty rights in British Columbia, Canada.


2002 British Columbia Indigenous treaty referendum
In the spring of 2002 the Premier Gordon Campbell and the British Columbia Liberal Party government sent out ballots to registered voters in the province.


2002 British Columbia Indigenous treaty referendum
35.84% of ballots (763,480) were received by Elections BC by the deadline of May 15. Over 80 per cent of those ballots indicated agreement with all eight principles. Between 55,000 and 60,000 votes on each question were rejected.


2002 British Columbia Indigenous treaty referendum, Questions posed
The referendum proposed eight principles that voters were asked to either support or oppose:


2002 British Columbia Indigenous treaty referendum, Questions posed
1. Private property should not be expropriated for treaty settlements. (Yes/No)


2002 British Columbia Indigenous treaty referendum, Questions posed
2. The terms and conditions of leases and licences should be respected; fair compensation for unavoidable disruption of commercial interests should be ensured. (Yes/No)


2002 British Columbia Indigenous treaty referendum, Questions posed
3. Hunting, fishing and recreational opportunities on Crown land should be ensured for all British Columbians. (Yes/No)


2002 British Columbia Indigenous treaty referendum, Questions posed
4. Parks and protected areas should be maintained for the use and benefit of all British Columbians. (Yes/No)


2002 British Columbia Indigenous treaty referendum, Questions posed
5. Province-wide standards of resource management and environmental protection should continue to apply. (Yes/No)


2002 British Columbia Indigenous treaty referendum, Questions posed
6. Aboriginal self-government should have the characteristics of local government, with powers delegated from Canada and British Columbia. (Yes/No)


2002 British Columbia Indigenous treaty referendum, Questions posed
7. Treaties should include mechanisms for harmonizing land use planning between Aboriginal governments and neighbouring local governments. (Yes/No)


2002 British Columbia Indigenous treaty referendum, Questions posed
8. The existing tax exemptions for Aboriginal people should be phased out. (Yes/No)


2002 British Columbia Indigenous treaty referendum, Questions posed
Voters were also told that, for each principle,  a Yes vote would compel the provincial government to adopt the principle in treaty negotiations, while aNo vote would mean that the government was not bound to adopt the principle when taking part in treaty negotiations.


2002 British Columbia Indigenous treaty referendum, Outcome
Critics claimed that the phrasing of the referendum ballot was flawed. For example, the first principle, being phrased in the negative, may have confused some voters about which answer meant support. The fourth  was written in such a positive way that a Yes response was virtually guaranteed. The eighth may have been misleading, since the tax-exemption for Status Indians is provided by the federal Indian Act, and  cannot be altered by provincial governments.


2002 British Columbia Indigenous treaty referendum, Outcome
The impact of the referendum on treaty negotiations was also unclear, since the government did not indicate what level of support for each principle would be enough to make it binding, or whether any of the principles might still be taken into account by the government even if they had been rejected by some or most voters.


2002 British Columbia Indigenous treaty referendum, Outcome
The government called the referendum "an experiment in direct democracy," but a representative for the polling firm Angus Reid called it "one of the most amateurish, one-sided attempts to gauge the public will that I have seen in my professional career." Critics called for a boycott of the referendum and First Nations groups collected as many ballots as possible so that they might be destroyed publicly. The boycott was backed by the  Anglican Church, the United Church, the Presbytery of New Westminster, the Canadian Jewish Congress, the Canadian Muslim Federation, the BC Federation of Labour, the Council of Senior Citizens and the David Suzuki Foundation.


2002 British Columbia Indigenous treaty referendum, Outcome
35.84% of ballots (763,480) were received by Elections BC by the deadline of May 15. Over 80 per cent of those ballots indicated agreement with all eight principles. Between 55,000 and 60,000 votes on each question were rejected.


2002 British Formula Ford Championship
The 2002 British Formula Ford Championship was the 27th edition of the British Formula Ford Championship. It commenced on 1 April at Brands Hatch and end on 22 September at Donington Park after 10 rounds and 18 races, all in support of the British Touring Car Championship.


2002 British Formula Three Championship
The 2002 British Formula Three season was the 52nd British Formula Three Championship season. It commenced on 31 March and ended on 22 September, after twenty-six races.


2002 British Formula Three Championship, Drivers and teams
The following teams and drivers were competitors in the 2002 season. The Scholarship class is for older Formula Three cars.


2002 British Grand Prix
The 2002 British Grand Prix (formally the LV Foster's British Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held at the Silverstone Circuit in Northamptonshire, England on 7 July 2002. The 60-lap race was the tenth race of the 2002 Formula One season and was won by Michael Schumacher, driving a Ferrari, with team-mate Rubens Barrichello second and Juan Pablo Montoya third in a Williams-BMW.


2002 British Grand Prix, Report, Qualifying
Qualifying saw Williams driver Juan Pablo Montoya edge out the two Ferraris to take his fourth consecutive pole position, beating Rubens Barrichello by 0.034 seconds and Michael Schumacher by 0.044. Ralf Schumacher was fourth in the other Williams, three-tenths of a second behind his brother but eight-tenths ahead of Kimi Räikkönen's McLaren in fifth. The top ten was completed by David Coulthard in the other McLaren, Jarno Trulli in the Renault, Mika Salo in the Toyota, Jacques Villeneuve in the BAR and Nick Heidfeld in the Sauber. Alex Yoong failed to set a lap within the 107% time in his Minardi and thus did not qualify.


2002 British Grand Prix, Report, Race
There were dark clouds overhead at the beginning of the race. On the formation lap, Barrichello stalled and was put to the back of the grid. Then, when the starting lights went out, Allan McNish in the second Toyota retired immediately with a clutch failure. In the early laps, Montoya led from Michael Schumacher, with Räikkönen overtaking Ralf for third and Barrichello charging through the field, reaching eighth by lap 6.


2002 British Grand Prix, Report, Race
As the rain started to fall, the drivers made their first pit stops to change from slick tyres to wets. Michael Schumacher and the Williams drivers all pitted on lap 13, but Ralf's stop went wrong as the Williams crew did not have his tyres ready. Coulthard briefly inherited the lead, but the McLaren team had gambled by leaving him out longer than the other leaders, bringing him in on lap 15. On lap 16, Michael Schumacher passed Montoya for the lead, and on lap 19 Barrichello completed his charge by passing the Colombian for second.


2002 British Grand Prix, Report, Race
With the Bridgestone tyres better suited to the conditions than the Michelins, the Ferraris began to pull away. Meanwhile, Coulthard was struggling in ninth, McLaren's gamble having backfired. As the weather appeared to improve, the team brought him and fourth-placed Räikkönen in to change back to slicks. This too did not pay off, as the rain in fact got heavier, and after changing back to wets again, the McLarens toiled at the back of the field, Coulthard eventually finishing two laps behind Schumacher while Räikkönen retired on lap 45 with an engine failure.


2002 British Grand Prix, Report, Race
The tyre issue also affected the Renaults, Trulli and Jenson Button running in the points before making three stops apiece. Trulli dropped out on lap 30 with an electrical problem, before Button suffered a suspension failure on lap 55.


2002 British Grand Prix, Report, Race
Up at the front, Schumacher led Barrichello by 13 seconds at half-distance. By this point, the Ferraris were so far ahead that Barrichello retained an advantage of over half a minute over third-placed Montoya following a spin on lap 33. By making one fewer stop, Montoya managed to catch up with the Brazilian and overtake him on lap 41, but Barrichello repassed him five laps later and pulled away again. Ralf Schumacher benefitted from the misfortunes of the McLarens and the Renaults to regain fourth, only to have another pit stop go wrong when his fuel rig failed. This left four more Bridgestone drivers – Villeneuve, Heidfeld, Olivier Panis in the second BAR and Giancarlo Fisichella in the Jordan – occupying fourth to seventh.


2002 British Grand Prix, Report, Race
Michael Schumacher eventually took the chequered flag 14.5 seconds ahead of Barrichello, with Montoya a further 17 seconds back and the last man on the lead lap. Villeneuve and Panis took fourth and fifth, securing BAR's first points of the season, while Heidfeld held off Fisichella for the final point.


2002 British Grand Prix, Report, Race
This was Schumacher's seventh victory of the season and his 60th in all, and it extended his lead in the Drivers' Championship to 54 points – meaning that he could secure his fifth title at the next race, in France, with six races still to run. Schumacher set the record for most podium finishes with his 107th. Barrichello moved into second in the standings, one point ahead of Montoya and two ahead of Ralf Schumacher.


2002 British National Track Championships
The 2002 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 28–31 August 2002 at the Manchester Velodrome.


2002 British Open
The 2002 British Open was the 2002 edition of the British Open professional ranking snooker tournament, that was held from 9–17 November 2002 at the Telford International Arena, Telford, England.


2002 British Open
Paul Hunter won the tournament by defeating Ian McCulloch nine frames to four in the final. The defending champion, John Higgins, was defeated by McCulloch in the quarter-final. The players each wore a red and blue shirt


2002 British Rally Championship
The 2002 British Rally Championship season was the 44th season of the British Rally Championship. The season consisted of eight rounds and began on 26 April, with the Pirelli International Rally in the north east of England. The season ended on 27 October, at the  Michelin South of England Tempest Stages. The series was organised by the Royal Scottish Automobile Club.


2002 British Rowing Championships
The 2002 British Rowing Championships known as the National Championships at the time, were the 31st edition of the National Championships, held from 19–21 July 2002 at the National Water Sports Centre in Holme Pierrepont, Nottingham. They were organised and sanctioned by British Rowing, and are open to British rowers. A record 822 crews competed at the event.


2002 British Speedway Championship
The 2002 British Speedway Championship was the 42nd edition of the British Speedway Championship. The Final took place on 12 October at Brandon in Coventry, England. The Championship was won by Scott Nicholls, who beat Lee Richardson, David Howe and Mark Loram in the final heat.


2002 British Touring Car Championship
The 2002 Green Flag MSA British Touring Car Championship season was the 45th British Touring Car Championship (BTCC) season which began at Brands Hatch on 1 April and concluded at Donington Park on 22 September.


2002 British Touring Car Championship, Changes for 2002, Teams and drivers
The second season of BTC-T rules in the top class saw two new manufacturer backed teams enter, with Honda returning and Proton entering for the first time.