2 euro coin, Design, Obverse (national) sides, Planned designs
Austria, Germany and Greece will also at some point need to update their designs to comply with guidelines stating they must include the issuing state's name or initial, and not repeat the denomination of the coin.


2 euro coin, Design, Obverse (national) sides, Planned designs
In addition, there are several EU states that have not yet adopted the euro, some of them have already agreed upon their coin designs however it is not known exactly when they will adopt the currency, and therefore these are not yet minted. See enlargement of the Eurozone for expected entry dates of these countries. Latvia officially introduced the euro on 1 January 2014, its design for the 2 euro coin is similar to the 5 lati coin's design from 1929 to 1932:


2 euro coin, Commemorative issues
Each state, allowed to issue coins, may also mint two commemorative coins each year (until 2012, it was one a year). Only €2 coins may be used in this way (for them to be legal tender) and there is a limit on the number that can be issued. The coin must show the normal design criteria, such as the twelve stars, the year and the issuing country.


2 euro coin, Commemorative issues
Not all states have issued their own commemorative coins except for in 2007, 2009 and 2012 when every then-eurozone state issued a common coin (with only different languages and country names used) to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome (1957–2007), the 10th anniversary of the euro (1999–2009) and the 10th anniversary of euro coins (2002–2012). Eurozone-wide issues do not count as a state's two-a-year issue. Germany has begun issuing one coin a year for each of its states (the German Bundesländer series which will take it up to 2021.


2 euro coin, Commemorative issues, Types of Commemorative €2 coins, Commemorative coins that are issued jointly by all eurozone countries
So far, there have been three commemorative coins that the eurozone countries have issued jointly: the first, in March 2007, to commemorate the "50th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome", the second, in January 2009, to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the euro is celebrated with a coin called the "10th anniversary of Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union" and the third one in 2012, to commemorate 10 years of the euro coins and notes.


2 euro coin, Commemorative issues, Types of Commemorative €2 coins, Commemorative coins that are issued jointly by all eurozone countries
There are €2 commemorative coins that have been issued on the same topic by different member states, two (by Belgium and Italy) to celebrate Louis Braille's 200th birthday, four (by Italy, Belgium, Portugal and Finland) to celebrate 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and two (by Germany and France) to commemorate 50 years of the Elysee Treaty (1963–2013).


2 euro coin, Commemorative issues, Types of Commemorative €2 coins, Commemorative coins issued by a single country
As a rule, euro countries may each issue only two €2 commemorative coins per year. Exceptionally, they are allowed to issue another, provided that it is a joint issuance and commemorates events of European-wide importance.


2 euro coin, Commemorative issues, Proposing a topic for a €2 Commemorative Coin, Role of the European Central Bank
Designing and issuing the coins is the competence of the individual euro countries. The ECB's role regarding the commemorative but also all other coins is to approve the maximum volumes of coins that the individual countries may issue.


2 euro coin, Commemorative issues, Proposing a topic for a €2 Commemorative Coin, Role of the European Central Bank
"Unlike banknotes, euro coins are still a national competence and not the ECB's. If a euro area country intends to issue a €2 commemorative coin it has to inform the European Commission. There is no reporting by euro area countries to the ECB. The Commission publishes the information in the multilingual Official Journal of the EU (C series).


2 euro coin, Commemorative issues, Proposing a topic for a €2 Commemorative Coin, Role of the European Central Bank
The Official Journal is the authoritative source upon which the ECB bases its website updates on euro coins. The reporting process, the translation into 22 languages and publishing lead to unavoidable delays. The coin pages on the ECB’s website cannot therefore always be updated as timely as users might wish.


2 euro coin, Commemorative issues, Proposing a topic for a €2 Commemorative Coin, Role of the European Central Bank
If the ECB learns of a euro coin that has not yet featured in the Official Journal, only its image will be posted on the ECB’s website, with a brief statement that confirmation by the European Commission is pending."


2 euro coin, Commemorative issues, Proposing a topic for a €2 Commemorative Coin, Role of the Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs
, is not specific on the topic of proposing themes for €2 commemorative coins. It is not mentioned how the €2 commemorative coins that are in circulation today came about.


2 euro coin, Similar coins
The coins were minted in several of the participating countries, many using blanks produced at the Birmingham Mint in Birmingham, England. A problem has arisen in differentiation of coins made using similar blanks and minting techniques.


2 euro commemorative coins
€2 commemorative coins are special euro coins minted and issued by member states of the eurozone since 2004 as legal tender in all eurozone member states. Only the national obverse sides of the coins differ; the common reverse sides do not. The coins typically commemorate the anniversaries of historical events or draw attention to current events of special importance. In 2007, 2009, 2012 and 2015, there were common commemorative coins with only different national inscriptions.


2 euro commemorative coins
Up to end of 2017, three hundred and two variations of €2 commemorative coins have been minted – six in 2004, eight in 2005, seven in 2006, twenty in 2007 (including thirteen versions of the common issue), ten in 2008, twenty-five in 2009 (including sixteen versions of the common issue), twelve in 2010, sixteen in 2011, thirty in 2012 (including seventeen versions of the common issue), twenty-three in 2013, twenty-six in 2014, forty-seven in 2015 (including nineteen versions of the common issue), and thirty-two both in 2016 and 2017. Finland, Italy, Luxembourg, San Marino and the Vatican City are the only countries to have released at least one commemorative coin every year since 2004.


2 euro commemorative coins
The number of commemorative coins is limited to two (before 2012 to one) per country per year (in addition to any common issue) and to 5 percent of the total mintage output. Limits on the designs are also in place to ensure uniformity.


2 euro commemorative coins
The €2 commemorative coins have become collectibles, but are different from commemorative coins with a face value different from €2, which are officially designated as "collector coins" and usually made of precious metals.


2 euro commemorative coins, Regulations and restrictions
The basis for the commemorative coins is derived from a decision of the European Council, which allowed changing the national obverse sides of euro coins from 1 January 2004 onwards. However, a number of recommendations and restrictions still apply.


2 euro commemorative coins, Regulations and restrictions
Two restrictions concern the design. Euro coins must still have a common reverse side, so only the national obverse sides may be varied. Also, the standard national obverse sides per se should not be changed before 2008 at the earliest, unless the head of state depicted on some coins changes before then. (This clause already came into effect for Monaco and the Vatican City, whose heads of state—Rainier III and Pope John Paul II respectively—died in 2005 and whose national obverse sides were changed for 2006.)


2 euro commemorative coins, Regulations and restrictions
Further regulations restrict the frequency and number of commemorative coin issues. Until 2012, each member state could only issue one commemorative coin per year, and since that year two coins per year, and they shall only be denominated as €2 coins. The total number of such coins put into circulation per year should not surpass the higher of the following two numbers:


2 euro commemorative coins, Regulations and restrictions
Another decision added two more guidelines regarding the design of the coins. The state issuing a coin should in some way clearly be identified on the obverse side, either by stating the full name or a clearly identifiable abbreviation of it; and neither name nor the denomination of the coin should be repeated on the obverse, as it is already featured on the common reverse side.


2 euro commemorative coins, Regulations and restrictions
These restrictions do not apply retroactively; only new designs—the national obverse sides for regular issues of states newly joining the euro or of eurozone states which change their design, and €2 commemorative coins issued from 2006 onwards—are subject to them. However, the five countries whose designs violated the first update to the rules (Austria, Belgium, Finland, Germany and Greece) initially were assumed to have to change their design in the future, which Finland did for 2007 and Belgium for 2008.


2 euro commemorative coins, Regulations and restrictions
Belgium was forced to change its design back to show the original portrait of its monarch, because the 2008 update to follow the recommendations also updated the portrait, which was against the rules. The Belgian coins from 2009 onwards show the original royal portrait of 1999, but otherwise keep the new 2008 coin design as far as the country identification and year mark are concerned. These provisions additionally prohibit further sede vacante sets of coins by the Vatican City, allowing only commemorative coins for such occasions. Spain updated their design from 2010 onwards to meet the new rules, leaving Austria, Germany, Greece, Luxembourg and Slovenia in breach of them still.


2 euro commemorative coins, Regulations and restrictions
In 2012, the European Council set up new specifications of euro coins and named (in article 1 g) a deadline for national sides of regular coins to be updated to fully comply with the current regulation: 20 June 2012. Also in 2012, a new EU regulation on the issuance of euro coins was concluded, increasing the allowed number of national €2 commemorative coins per year to two.


2 euro commemorative coins, Issues
Twenty three countries have independently issued €2 commemorative coins (Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Lithuania, Malta, Monaco, the Netherlands, Portugal, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and the Vatican City), with Greece being the first country to issue this type of coin. There have also been four common €2 commemorative coins issued by all eurozone member states:


2 euro commemorative coins, Issues
A fifth common coin is planned for 2022 to commemorate 35 years of the Erasmus programme.


2 euro commemorative coins, Issues
Issued designs are made public in the Official Journal of the European Union.


2 euro commemorative coins, Issues, 2007 commonly issued coin
A similar Dutch law, which requires the portrait of the current head of state of the Netherlands and the words NAME (Koning/Koningin) der Nederlanden to appear on all coins issued by the Netherlands (for example, currently Willem-Alexander Koning der Nederlanden) was amended so that the Netherlands could take part in this program; the amendment completely removed the requirement for €2 commemorative coins.


2 euro commemorative coins, Issues, 2007 commonly issued coin
Furthermore, due to Belgium's special multilingual society, the Belgian coin features the inscription PACTVM ROMANVM QVINQVAGENARIVM in Latin.


2 euro commemorative coins, Issues, 2007 commonly issued coin
The three micro-states which also use the euro due to an official agreement with the European Union (Monaco, San Marino and the Vatican City) did not issue this coin, as they are not member states of the European Union. However, some member states of the European Union which had not yet introduced the euro also took part in this program. For example, Cyprus issued a £1 coin and Hungary a 50 Ft coin with the same design.


2 euro commemorative coins, Issues, 2009 commonly issued coin
Due to special laws requiring that every coin bear the incumbent Grand Duke's portrait, the Luxembourgish edition of the common €2 commemorative coin differs slightly from the others in addition to the translated inscriptions, since two latent image of the Grand Duke's portrait were added (as required by national law). The method used (multi-view-minting) was even more sophisticated than the one used in 2007, as portraits of the Grand Duke from the left and the right could be seen, depending on which way one tilted the coin.


2 euro commemorative coins, Issues, 2009 commonly issued coin
The winner was George Stamatopoulos, a sculptor from the Bank of Greece Mint.


2 euro commemorative coins, Issues, 2012 coinage
Note: Although the design is the same as the 2012 common issue, the coin is issued as national coinage since common side issues are restricted to EU member states.


2 euro commemorative coins, Issues, 2013 coinage
fresco by Andrea del Castagno, around 1450 c. (Florence, Galleria degli Uffizi); around, on the bottom, BOCCACCIO 1313 2013; on the right, superimposed letters R (monogram of the Mint of Rome)/RI(monogram of Italian Republic)/m (monogram of the Author Mauri). The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.


2 euro commemorative coins, Issues, 2015 coinage
The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.


2 euro commemorative coins, Issues, German Bundesländer series
Germany started the commemorative coin series Die 16 Bundesländer der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (The 16 States of the Federal Republic of Germany) in 2006, to continue until 2021. The year in which the coin for a specific state is issued coincides with that state's Presidency of the Bundesrat. In 2018, Daniel Günther, the Minister President of Schleswig-Holstein, became the President of the Bundesrat for a one-year term. As a Schleswig-Holstein coin had already been minted in 2006, it was decided to delay the release of the following three states' coins by a year. Instead of honouring a state in 2019, the minted coin commemorates 70 years since the constitution of the German Federal Council or Bundesrat was adopted. The last three coins of the series were therefore postponed to 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. The coins issued are:


2 euro commemorative coins, Issues, German Bundesländer series
The original designs for these states were changed and were as follows:


2 euro commemorative coins, Issues, German Bundesländer series
The series is similar to the United States' 50 State Quarters series, which saw fifty coins issued for its fifty constituent states, five per year between 1999 and 2008. A separate program saw six coins issued in 2009 for the District of Columbia and five territories of the United States.


2 euro commemorative coins, Issues, Maltese series, From Children in Solidarity
(featuring the Role of the Malta Community Chest Fund in Society)


2 euro commemorative coins, Issues, Spanish UNESCO World Heritage Sites series
Spain started the commemorative coin series Patrimonio de la Humanidad de la UNESCO (UNESCO World Heritage) in 2010, commemorating all of Spain's UNESCO World Heritage Sites, which could continue until 2050. The order in which the coin for a specific site is issued coincides with the order in which they were declared a UNESCO World Heritage site. The coins issued are:


2 for the Show
2 for the Show is the tenth album released by MC Breed. It was released on November 23, 1999, for Power Records, distributed by Roadrunner Records and was produced by MC Breed, Jazze Pha, Big L, 8Ball & MJG, Rob "Masta" Allen, South O, Mike Dean, Sedric "Swift" Barnett, B. Wild, Mr. Lee, Theo G, Colin Wolfe and Jermaine Tipton. 2 for the Show was a concept album with all the songs being a duet between Breed and another rapper.


2 ft 6 in gauge railroads in the United States
A list of two foot six inch gauge railroads in the United States.


2 ft 6 in gauge railroads in the United States, Gallery
Angels Flight is a historic funicular railway located in Downtown Los Angeles.


2 ft 6 in gauge railways
2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge railways are narrow gauge railways with track gauge of 2 ft 6 in (762 mm). This type of rail was promoted especially in the colonies of the British Empire during the second half of the nineteenth century by Thomas Hall and Everard Calthrop.


2 ft 6 in gauge railways
Several Bosnian-gauge railways with 760 mm (2 ft 5+15⁄16 in) are found in south-eastern Europe. 760 mm is well within tolerances of 762 mm.


2 ft 6 in gauge railways in Japan
A list of two foot six inch gauge railways in Japan.


2 ft 6 in gauge railways in the United Kingdom
A list of two foot six inch gauge railways in the United Kingdom.


2 ft 6 in gauge railways in the United Kingdom, Gallery
The private Statfold Barn Railway in England runs railway equipment with two different track gauges.


2 ft 6 in gauge railways in the United Kingdom, Gallery
The Earl and The Countess locomotives at the Welshpool & Llanfair Light Railway in Wales.


2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways
Two foot and 600 mm gauge railways are narrow gauge railways with track gauges of 2 ft (610 mm) and 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in), respectively. Railways with similar, less common track gauges, such as 1 ft 11+3⁄4 in (603 mm) and 1 ft 11+1⁄2 in (597 mm), are grouped with 2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways.


2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways, Overview
Most of these lines are tourist lines, which are often heritage railways or industrial lines, such as the Festiniog Railway in Wales and the Cripple Creek and Victor Narrow Gauge Railroad in Colorado.


2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways, Overview
World War I trench railways produced the greatest concentration of 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) gauge railways to date. In preparation for World War II, the French Maginot Line and Alpine Line also used 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) gauge railways for supply routes to the fixed border defenses.


2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways, Overview
Australia has over 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi) of 2 ft (610 mm) gauge sugar cane railway networks in the coastal areas of Queensland, which carry more than 30 million tonnes of sugarcane a year.


2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways, Overview
Many 2 ft (610 mm) gauge and 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) gauge railways are used in amusement parks and theme parks worldwide.


2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways, Exchange of rolling stock
The interchange of rolling stock between these similar track gauges occasionally occurred; for example, the South African Class NG15 2-8-2 locomotives started their career on the 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) gauge. The Otavi Mining and Railway Company in South-West Africa (now Namibia) were transferred to the 2 ft gauge railways in South Africa and currently some surviving locomotives reside in Wales on the 1 ft 11+1⁄2 in (597 mm) gauge Welsh Highland Railway and the 1 ft 11+3⁄4 in (603 mm) gauge Brecon Mountain Railway.


2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways in the United Kingdom
A list of 2 ft (610 mm), 1 ft 11+3⁄4 in (603 mm), 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in), and 1 ft 11+1⁄2 in (597 mm) narrow-gauge railways in the United Kingdom.


2 ft gauge railroads in the United States
A list of 2 ft (610 mm) narrow-gauge railways in the United States.


2 ft gauge railways in Australia
A list of 2 ft (610 mm) narrow-gauge railways in Australia.


2 gauge
2 gauge (also called II gauge) is a model railway gauge originally 64 mm (2 1⁄2 in), then standardised in 1909 at 2 in (50.8 mm), a 20% reduction and a change in definition: from mm to inch. It has since fallen into disuse. The gauge was introduced by Märklin at the Leipzig toy fair in 1891. 2 gauge was equivalent to a 1:22.5 scale.


2 gauge, Related scales and gauges
After the change to 2 in (50.8 mm) in 1909, 64 mm (2 1⁄2 in) gauge was standardised as 3 gauge (or III gauge).


2 gauge, Related scales and gauges
European G gauge trains are built to the same II gauge scale, but with a narrow rail gauge of 45 mm (1.772 in) (the same as 1 gauge). This G gauge at 1:22.5 scale represents 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) metre gauge narrow-gauge railways. This scale-gauge combination is sometimes called IIm in European literature.


2 gauge, Related scales and gauges
In the UK, No 2 Gauge was 2 in (50.8 mm) while No 3 gauge was 2 1⁄2 in (64 mm). From this, it follows that G gauge is sometimes, albeit rarely, referred to as 3m. A 2 in (50.8 mm) gauge of standard gauge locos gives a scale of 1:28.25, not so far off the 1/29 used by some manufactures with 45 mm (1.772 in) gauge track. In the grand tradition of model rail gauges often being narrower than the full scale equivalent (00 scale being the classic example) this is deemed perfectly acceptable.


2 in 3
2 In 3 is an album by Israeli folk duo Esther & Abi Ofarim. It was released on Philips Records in Europe in 1967. This is their most successful album, containing their hits "Cinderella Rockefella" and "Morning of My Life."


2 in 3, Recording and release
After signing with Phillips Records in West Germany in 1963, Esther Ofarim and her husband Abi Ofarim became the country's top-selling pop recording artists. Following the success of Das Neue Esther & Abi Ofarim Album, the duo sing in eight different languages on the album 2 In 3, which was recorded in various European cities. Philips started off the album with initial pressings of 100,000 copies, a record for Germany at the time. 2 In 3 became Esther & Abi Ofarim's third No.1 album in Germany and it reached No. 6 on the UK Albums chart.


2 in 3, Recording and release
The album contains the Barry Gibbs penned song "Morning of My Life." Esther & Abi Ofarim released the first version of this song in 1967. The Bee Gees later released other renditions. Esther & Abi Ofarim performed the song on the television special Gala-Abend der Schallplatte 1967 (Gala Disk Evenings 1967), the first color telecast in Europe. The single peaked at No. 2 in Germany and No. 9 in Austria.


2 in 3, Recording and release
The second single, "Cinderella Rockefella," became their biggest hit. The song was written by Mason Williams, a writer for the American TV series The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour. Esther & Abi Ofarim first performed the song on the show in April 1967. The single was released in February 1968 and soon reached the top 10 in numerous countries, including No. 1 in the UK.


2 in 8 with double base
2 in 8 with double base, which in Catalan is called 2 de 8 amb folre or torre de vuit amb folre, is a castellers human tower with 8 levels and 2 people per level in the trunk. It is strengthened by a second base (folre in Catalan) in the second level, which helps the third level. The top crown consists of the pair (dosos), a bending child (acotxador) and the crowner (enxaneta). The last two members of the tower are the only ones that climb down through the opposite row they have used to climb up.


2 in 8 with double base
It is a very fragile human tower and it needs technical and equilibrated castellers to complete it. It is considered the third most difficult tower of 8 levels, after the 4 in 8 and the 3 in 8, and the first of the high range of 8, followed by the 7 in 8 and  5 in 8. Until 2014, 22 groups of castellers have attempted this tower and all of them have completed it.


2 in 8 with double base
It has been completed by Colla Vella dels Xiquets de Valls, Nens del Vendrell, Castellers de Vilafranca, Colla Joves Xiquets de Valls, Minyons de Terrassa, Colla Jove Xiquets de Tarragona, Xiquets de Reus, Xiquets de Tarragona, Castellers de Terrassa, Castellers de Barcelona, Bordegassos de Vilanova, Capgrossos de Mataró, Xics de Granollers, Xicots de Vilafranca, Sagals d'Osona, Castellers de Sants, Castellers de Lleida, Castellers de la Vila de Gràcia, Castellers de Sabadell, Castellers de Sant Cugat, Marrecs de Salt and Moixiganguers d'Igualada.


2 in a Room
2 in a Room was an American hip hop, freestyle and hip house duo. The group, active between 1987 and 1995, consisted of rapper Rafael "Dose" Vargas and producer/remixer Roger "Rog Nice" Pauletta.


2 in a Room, Musical career
They are best known for their 1990 hit single "Wiggle It", written and produced by George Morel and Rafael Vargas. It spent two weeks at #1 on the Hot Dance Club Play chart (and #3 in the UK Singles Chart,) and then crossed over to mainstream radio, and climbed to #15 on the Billboard Hot 100, eventually becoming a gold single.


2 in a Room, Musical career
Before that, they were known for a track called "Do What You Want" (1990) that got a lot of club and DJ play in New York and Chicago. "El Trago (the Drink)" was a #86 Billboard Hot 100 chart entry (the last of their pop hits), but they did chart several more singles on the dance chart through the 1990s. Their first release in the UK was "Somebody In The House Say Yeah!" in the late part of 1989. They later changed their name to Fulanito; and style of music to merengue. Vargas, also known under Dose Material, was also member of 740 Boyz from 1991.


2 in a Room, In popular culture
In 1991, Alvin and the Chipmunks covered "Wiggle It" for their album The Chipmunks Rock the House.


2 in the Morning
"2 in the Morning" is the fourth single and the third U.S. single release from pop group New Kids on the Block's sixth studio album, The Block. Like many of the songs on The Block, it features lead vocals by Joey McIntyre, Jordan Knight, and Donnie Wahlberg.


2 in the Morning, Release
It was released on February 23, 2009 in the United States and the United Kingdom. In the United Kingdom, the single was released as digital download only.


2 in the Morning, Promotion
New Kids on the Block performed the song for the first time on Sessions@AOL then later presented the song on The Today Show with Hoda Kotb and Kathie Lee Gifford and on Live with Regis and Kelly.


2 in the Morning, Music video
The music video was directed by Meiert Avis, Chris Ledoux and Donnie Wahlberg. It was produced by Jeremy Alter. The video was released on February 23 on AOL. The music video was shot in California at an old mansion in the Pacific Palisades. The video starts with Donnie Wahlberg saying "tick tock" and a man shows a watch reading two o'clock. New Kids On The Block were shown in a foggy/cloudy environment singing the song. The story starts with a man in a car and goes into the house.


2 in the Morning, Music video
As he enters, he sees his lady arguing on the phone and tries to comfort her in the living room and the bathroom but she ignored it. Next scene shows the lady checking on her laptop and puts it away as she and her man were going to bed without any words showing no connection when it comes through a difficult time. Then, the story started all over and showing once again the man in the car and the lady arguing on the phone. The lady does the same things again but this time, the man was still in the car. At the end, the couple work things out and hug each other. The girl in the music video was played by model Niki Huey, she also appeared in Jesse McCartney's music video "Leavin'".


2 in the Morning, Chart performance
After months without being in any charts, the song finally debut on the Canadian Hot 100 around June and reach #76.


2 in the Morning (Girlicious song)
"2 in the Morning" is the third single by the American pop group Girlicious's second album Rebuilt. It was produced by Kuya Productions and Jedi. It was digitally released to the Canadian iTunes Store on August 31, 2010, in Canada, and to the American iTunes Store on August 31, 2010. The song samples ATC's "Around the World (La La La La La)".


2 in the Morning (Girlicious song), Chart performance
The song debuted on the Canadian Airplay chart at number 48 on the week of September 1, 2010. The single eventually reached its peak on its seventh week on the chart, at number 19. On the week of September 10, 2010, the song debuted on the Canadian Hot 100 at number 57. On the week of November 13, 2010, the song reached its peak at number 35 making it so far the most successful single from this era, and their highest-peaking single since "Stupid Shit". The single remained on the Canadian Hot 100 chart for a total of 14 weeks.


2 in the Morning (Girlicious song), Remixes
On January 11, 2011, Girlicious released to Canadian iTunes as digital download the first official remix of "2 in the Morning" which was dubbed as "Original Harper & Brother Remix".


2 krooni
The 2 krooni banknote (2 EEK) is a denomination of the Estonian kroon, the former currency of Estonia. Karl Ernst von Baer, who was an Estonian Baltic German anthropologist, naturalist and geographer (1792–1876), is featured with a portrait on the obverse. The 2 krooni bill is called sometimes a "kahene" meaning "a two".


2 krooni
A view of Tartu University which was founded in 1632 is featured on the reverse. Before the replacement of the EEK by the euro, the 2 krooni banknote was the smallest denomination most commonly used by Estonian residents on an everyday basis. It can be exchanged indefinitely at the currency museum of Eesti Pank for €0.13.


2 m Bubble Chamber (CERN)
The 2m Bubble Chamber was a device used in conjunction with CERN’s 25 GeV Proton Synchrotron (PS) machine to study high-energy physics. It was decided to build this chamber in 1958 with a large team of physicists, engineers, technicians and designers led by Charles Peyrou. This project was of considerable magnitude, thus requiring a long-term planning so that all its characteristics could be carefully studied. Several models of this chamber were built and the problems encountered surpassed any of its predecessors. The construction only began three years later and in 1964 the chamber was finally commissioned. This chamber was devoted to the study of interaction mechanisms of high-energy particles and the investigation of the properties of their excited states.


2 m Bubble Chamber (CERN)
The bubble chamber was filled with 1150 litres of liquid hydrogen and was expanded by a piston placed at the top. The chamber had vertical windows, a magnet made up of copper coils which generated a field of 1.7 T and the whole apparatus weighted more than 700 tons. The expansion system of the 2 m bubble chamber allowed for multiple expansions during one PS pulse, which resulted in three event photos per beam pulse.


2 m Bubble Chamber (CERN)
A 10 GeV/c K- beam was required to produce the Ω− suggested by Murray Gell-Mann on his SU(3) theory. Hence, in 1965 a RF separated beam was added in order to obtain a separated K− and K+ at higher energies than with electrostatic separators. Furthermore, these beams enabled the study of hyperon resonances of strangeness -1 and -2.


2 m Bubble Chamber (CERN)
The most thorough effort in the field was a massive exposure of the chamber to K− at 4.2 GeV/c. Experiments with antiprotons at 1.2 GeV/c, 5 GeV/c and at rest were conducted to investigate the formation of hyperon-antihyperon pairs and 8GeV/c π+ experiments to study mechanism of two-body production. The 2 m bubble chamber was also used to study weak interactions and K0 decays since it allowed the determination of the K0 trajectory independently of its decay over a distance corresponding to various K0s lifetimes.


2 m Bubble Chamber (CERN)
The experiments were performed with a variety of beams, namely K+ (1.2-16 GeV/c), K− (2.8-16 GeV/c), p (12-24 GeV/c), anti-p (1.5-12 GeV/c) and π± (4-16 GeV/c).


2 m Bubble Chamber (CERN)
The ones carried out in the 2 m bubble chamber with hydrogen liquid filling were: T40, T41, T55, T64, T80, T82, T87, T88, T99, T106, T107, T108, T109, T112, T113, T115, T116, T117, T118, T129, T130, T131, T139, T140, T141, T143, T144, T145, T148, T150, T153, T155, T158, T159, T164, T168, T172, T173, T177, T178, T180, T181, T184, T186, T187, T196, T197, T198, T200, T201, T203, T204, T208, T209, T214, T215, T216, T218, T220, T221, T226, T227, T232, T233, T236, T237 and T239; and with deuterium: T52, T68, T97, T104, T105, T128, T152, T157, T162, T169, T174, T179, T182, T183, T188, T194, T195, T202, T210, T211, T217, T246 and T247.


2 m Bubble Chamber (CERN)
The 2m bubble chamber was very reliable, accurate and extremely productive. In the twelve years of operation, until 1976, it took nearly 40 million pictures of which about 7 million were with deuterium filling and the rest with hydrogen, resulting in a total of 20,000 km of film. The photographs were analysed by more than 50 European laboratories and led to 600 publications. For the first time, these photographs were globally distributed as well as the programs required to analyse them. People from all around the world were able to contribute and be part of the experiments conducted at CERN. After its closure, the 2 m bubble chamber was donated to the Deutsche Museum in Munich.


2 minutes du peuple
2 minutes du peuple is a series of two-minute radio sketches, recorded by Canadian comedian François Pérusse. The vast majority of the sketches – called capsules by Pérusse – are independent from one another, but some characters are recurrent. The sketches are based on everyday life and reference shows such as The X-Files, ER, Columbo, and Ça se discute, as well as popular songs. The style of humour used is a mixture between surreal comedy, onomatopoeia and puns.


2 mm caliber
This article lists firearm cartridges which have a caliber in the 2.00 to 2.99 millimetres (0.079 to 0.118 in) range.


2 mm scale
2mm scale, often 2mm finescale is a specification used for railway modelling, largely for modelling British railway prototypes. It uses a scale of 2 mm on the model to 1-foot on the prototype, which scales out to 1:152. The track gauge used to represent prototype standard gauge (4'8+1⁄2") is 9.42 mm (0.371 in). Track and wheels are closer to dead scale replicas than commercial British N.


2 mm scale, Standard
The 2mm standards were proposed by Mr. H H Groves in the early 1960s and revised to their current specification in November 1963 by Geoffrey Jones. It is similar in size to the slightly larger British N scale at 1:148, and the slightly smaller European/American N scale at 1:160; though it predates both.


2 mm scale, Standard
Since 2mm scale is very close to the 1:148 British N scale, a hybrid specification can be modelled by rewheeling proprietary British N scale models to the 9.42 mm track gauge. This hybrid specification results in a track gauge equivalent to 4 feet 6+7⁄8 inches (1394mm), slightly narrower than the prototype 4 feet 8+1⁄2 inches. There is an advantage however in the narrower gauge as this allows more room for the outside motion of outside cylindered steam locomotives which must be overscale in order to function correctly. This approach is often recommended for beginners. However, 2mm-scale and hybrid-scale models do not usually sit well together due to the larger size of the latter.


2 mm scale, Standard, Supplementary Standards
Like Protofour, 2mm standards have been extended to several other prototypes of both wider and narrower gauge with the same tolerances such as Brunel's 7 ft 1⁄4 in (2,140 mm) gauge, Japan Rail's 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) narrow gauge and so on.


2 mm scale, Standard, Supplementary Standards, FiNescale Standard
The FiNescale standard in use for European prototypes is identical to 2mmFS, with the exception of a to-scale rail gauge of 9 mm (0.354 in).


2 mm scale, Standard, Appreciation
One major effect of the standard is to improve the appearance of the track as opposed to N scale where it is overly tall. Linking carriages with 3 link chains has been successfully achieved in using the standard.


2 mm scale, Support
No ready-to-run models are available in 2mm scale, and although there is some availability of kits and components, some model-making skill is normally required.


2 mm scale, Support
There is an active association, The 2mm Scale Association, for modellers in this scale, who supply components, tools and jigs, publish a bi-monthly magazine, organise local groups, and promote modelling in the scale.


2 naye paise (Indian coin)
The Indian Two naye paise (Hindi: दो नए पैसे) (singular: Paisa), is a unit of currency equaling 2⁄100 of the Indian rupee. The symbol for paisa is p.


2 naye paise (Indian coin), History
Prior to 1957, Indian rupee was not decimalised and the rupee from 1835 to 1957 AD was further divided into 16 annas. Each anna was further divided to four Indian pices and each pice into three Indian pies till 1947 when the pie was demonetized. In 1955, India amended the "Indian Coinage Act" to adopt the metric system for coinage. Paisa coins were introduced in 1957, but from 1957 to 1964 the coin was called "Naya Paisa" (English: New Paisa). On 1 June 1964, the term "Naya" was dropped and the denomination was simply called "One paisa". Paisa coins were issued as a part of "The Decimal Series".


2 naye paise (Indian coin), Mintage
Two naye paise coins was minted from 1957 to 1963 at the India Government mint in Bombay (present day Mumbai) and borne symbol ⧫ (small dot/diamond) as mint mark. The coin has been demonetized.


2 naye paise (Indian coin), Mintage, Composition
Two naye paise coins were minted from Cupronickel alloy in medallic orientation. The coins weighed 2.95 grams, had a diameter of 18 millimetres (0.71 in) and thickness of 1.8 millimetres (0.071 in). Scalloped with eight notches, the coins had smooth edge.


2 nm process
In semiconductor manufacturing, the 2 nm process is the next MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor) die shrink after the 3 nm process node. As of 2021, TSMC is expected to begin 2 nm production sometime after 2023; Intel also forecasts production by 2024.


2 nm process, Background
In late 2018, TSMC chairman Mark Liu predicted chip scaling would continue to 3 nm and 2 nm nodes; however, as of 2019, other semiconductor specialists were undecided as to whether nodes beyond 3 nm could become viable.


2 nm process, Background
TSMC began research on 2 nm in 2019. TSMC expected to transition from FinFET to GAAFET transistor types when moving from 3 nm to 2 nm.


2 nm process, Background
Intel's 2019 roadmap scheduled potentially equivalent 3 nm and 2 nm nodes for 2025 and 2027 respectively. In December 2019, Intel announced plans for 1.4 nm production in 2029.


2 nm process, Background
In August 2020, TSMC began building a R&D lab for 2 nm technology in Hsinchu, expected to become partially operational by 2021. In September 2020 (SEMICON Taiwan 2020) it was reported that TSMC Chairman Mark Liu had stated the company would build a plant for the 2 nm node at Hsinchu in Taiwan, and that it could also install production at Taichung dependent on demand. According to the Taiwan Economic Daily (2020) expectations were for high yield risk production in late 2023. In July 2021, TSMC received governmental approval to build its 2 nm plant; according to Nikkei the company expects to install production equipment for 2 nm by 2023.


2 nm process, Background
At the end of 2020, seventeen European Union countries signed a joint declaration to develop their entire semiconductor industry, including developing process nodes as small as 2 nm, as well as designing and manufacturing custom processors, assigning up to 145 billion euro in funds.


2 nm process, Background
In May 2021, IBM announced it had produced 2 nm class transistor using three silicon layer nanosheets with a gate length of 12 nm.


2 nm process, Background
In July 2021, Intel unveiled its process node roadmap from 2021 onwards. The company confirmed their 2 nm process node called Intel 20A, with the "A" referring to angstrom, a unit equivalent to 0.1 nanometer. At the same time they introduced a new process node naming scheme that aligned their product names to similar designations from their main competitors. Intel's 20A node is projected to be their first to move from FinFET to Gate-All-Round transistors (GAAFET); Intel's version is named 'RibbonFET'. Their 2021 roadmap scheduled the Intel 20A node for introduction in 2024.


2 nm process, Beyond 2 nm
Intel have planned 18A (equivalent to 1.8 nm) products for 2025.


2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted
"2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted" is a song by American hip hop artist 2Pac from his 1996 album All Eyez on Me. The song features fellow West Coast rapper Snoop Doggy Dogg and was produced by Daz Dillinger. The song served as a promotional single for the album and later as the B-side to the album's second major single, How Do U Want It. The song peaked at number 46 on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay chart. The song contains an interpolations of  Grandmaster Flash and The Furious Five's song "The Message" and "Radio Activity Rap (Let's Jam)" by MC Frosty and Lovin' C.


2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted
Though the song was limited to a promo release, a music video was created for the song. The version of the song used for the music video differs to the version found on the album, with clean alternate lyrics, delay on the word "Party" within the chorus, and an arpeggio added to the beat.


2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted, Music video
The video was directed by one of 2Pac's production partners, Tracy Robinson. The prelude for the song shows a parody of Biggie Smalls ("Piggy") and Puff Daddy  in discussion with Shakur about the November 1994 shooting. The beginning of the scene where Tupac is speaking to Biggie is in reference to the movie Scarface where Tony speaks to his alleged killer before shooting him.


2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted, Appearances
The song was included on numerous 2Pac compilations, including his Greatest Hits and Best of: Thug album.


2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted, Appearances
It was the final song performed live by both Snoop Dogg & 2Pac (in his last recorded performance) at the House of Blues on July 4, 1996. The concert was released on the Live at the House of Blues album in 2005.


2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted, Appearances
This song was played by Dr. Dre & Snoop Dogg as tribute to 2Pac on the 2000 Up In Smoke Tour. The performance included a sample of the 2Pac verse.


2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted, Appearances
On April 15, 2012, the song was played at the Coachella Festival with Snoop Dogg performing with a hologram of 2Pac.


2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted, Appearances
The song featured in the first episode of the TV series Gang Related.


2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted, Appearances
The song was played on 2Pac's biopic, All Eyez On Me (2017), with 2Pac and Snoop in the studio recording the song.


2 of One
2 of One is a video album by American heavy metal band Metallica. It was released on June 6, 1989, through Elektra Entertainment and features two versions of the group's first music video, "One", from their fourth studio album ... And Justice for All.


2 of One
The music video was directed by Bill Pope and Michael Salomon and was filmed in Los Angeles, California. It features clips from Dalton Trumbo's anti-war film Johnny Got His Gun (1971). All parts of 2 of One are included on the DVD The Videos 1989–2004, released in 2006.


2 on 2 Open Ice Challenge
2 On 2 Open Ice Challenge, also known as NHL Open Ice: 2 on 2 Challenge, or just NHL Open Ice, is an ice hockey arcade game released by Midway Games in 1995. It features comically exaggerated hockey play, causing it to often be described as an ice hockey equivalent to Midway's NBA Jam. It was ported to PlayStation in 1996. The game would be similar to its arcade counterpart with exception to the fact that the Winnipeg Jets moved to Phoenix after the conclusion of the 1995–96 season, thus the Phoenix Coyotes replaced the Jets in the PlayStation port. In addition, much of the team's roster was changed, including its goalie, Tim Cheveldae being replaced by Nikolai Khabibulin, therefore Cheveldae was unable to be a goalie playing for any team in the PlayStation version.


2 on 2 Open Ice Challenge
Open Ice was released on PC (Windows) in 1996-1997 featuring the same roster and teams as the PlayStation version. This game is an official licensed product of the NHLPA (National Hockey League Players Association).


2 on 2 Open Ice Challenge, Development
Jack Haeger was lead game designer and an avid hockey player. The lead programmer was Mark Penacho, assisted by Bill Dabelstein. Sound design and music by Jon Hey. The skating sounds were recorded by Jon Hey at the Chicago Park District's only indoor ice rink, McFetridge Sports Center, which is just a block North of what was once Midway's Chicago studios. The announcer in the game is the famous voice of the Chicago Blackhawks Pat Foley.


2 on 2 Open Ice Challenge, Development
If a team achieves "On-Fire" status (made famous initially by Midway's NBA Jam), Pat Foley's voice will occasionally announce: "Toasty", a reference to Mortal Kombat. A version of 2 on 2 Open Ice Challenge for Panasonic M2 was in development and slated to be one of the launch titles but it never occurred due to the system's cancellation.


2 on 2 Open Ice Challenge, Reception
Reviewing the arcade version, Next Generation called the game "NBA Jam on ice", and said it would be particularly appreciated since arcade hockey games were almost unheard of at the time. They applauded the game's full NHL licensing and player rosters, flaming pucks, two-on-two mode, commentary, and overall depth and playability of its hockey action, and concluded that "Williams rarely makes a bad move, and Open Ice is testament to its conservative but consistent quality games."


2 on 2 Open Ice Challenge, Reception
Bruised Lee of GamePro similarly said the game "proves that Midway will continue to dominate the arcade sports market long after the success of NBA Jam." He praised the numerous Easter eggs, sharp graphics, fluid animation, and variety of moves. Brad Cook of AllGame called the same game "a must play for any hockey fan."


2 on 2 Open Ice Challenge, Reception
In 1996 the arcade version was placed on display in the Hockey Hall of Fame.


2 on 2 Open Ice Challenge, Reception
The PlayStation and PC versions divided reviewers. Jeff Kitts of GameSpot, The Rookie of GamePro, and Dean Hager of Electronic Gaming Monthly all agreed that it offered fun and fast NBA Jam-style hockey and was a faithful translation of the arcade version. Kitts acknowledged problems with the animations but praised the inclusion of novelty power-up codes, and judged the game an overall refreshing break from realistic hockey sims. The Rookie went so far as to say that it "shoots and scores at every level."


2 on 2 Open Ice Challenge, Reception
In contrast, Hager's co-reviewer Kraig Kujawa said it "doesn't seem to capture the magic that made that made [NBA Jam] so popular", and that it compares poorly to its similar contemporary, Wayne Gretzky's 3D Hockey for the Nintendo 64. Next Generation agreed that it simply lacked the spark of NBA Jam, and also "fails to capture the coin-op's flashy essence", citing smaller characters, missing frames of animation, a weaker color palette, and missing audio effects compared to the arcade version. Official UK PlayStation Magazine said that players should "avoid the game at all costs."


2 on 2 Open Ice Challenge, Reception
Stephen Poole of GameSpot said of the PC version, "NHL Open Ice isn't the kind of game you'll play for hours on end, but it is the kind that you can fire up just about any time for 20 or 30 minutes of fun, or leave running at your next party for your guests to enjoy. Except for the graphics in the full-screen mode, they'll think they're at the arcade - and with a game like this, you can't ask any more than that."


2 or 3 Things I Know About Him
2 or 3 Things I Know About Him (German: 2 oder 3 Dinge, die ich von ihm weiß) is a documentary film in which German director Malte Ludin examines the impact of Nazism in his family. Malte's father, Hanns Ludin, was the Third Reich's ambassador to Slovakia. As such, he signed deportation orders that sent thousands of Jews to Auschwitz. Hanns Ludin was executed for war crimes in 1947.


2 or 3 Things I Know About Him, Production
Malte Ludin did not undertake this film until after the death of his mother, Erla. The documentary does include clips of earlier interviews he conducted with Erla, however. Malte also interviews his sisters, who recall their father with some fondness.


2 or 3 Things I Know About Him, Plot
A German filmmaker forces his siblings to come to terms with their father's Nazi past. Despite documentary evidence of Hanns Ludin's direct involvement in the deportation of thousands of Slovak Jews to their deaths, director Malte Ludin's sisters remain in various phases of denial about their dad. His older sister, Barbel, is a particularly staunch denier of any complicity on the part of the elder Ludin, who served as Adolf Hitler's ambassador to Slovakia during World War II.


2 or 3 Things I Know About Him, Plot
The film exposes the spectrum of reaction to the Holocaust among the post-war generation in Germany. While Ludin confronts his father, and Germany's, guilt full-on, his sister Barbel continually refuses to concede the most basic points about the mass slaughter of millions of Jews by the Nazis.


2 or 3 Things I Know About Him, Release
2 oder 3 Dinge, die ich von ihm weiß was first shown in 2005. In 2007, it was released as 2 or 3 Things I Know About Him in Manhattan by the National Center for Jewish Film. It opened at Film Forum on January 24, 2007, and was paired with Torte Bluma, an English-language short by Benjamin Ross.


2 or 3 Things I Know About Him, Reception
The film was received well by critics. As of July 2020, the film holds a 100% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on six reviews with an average rating of 8/10.


2 point player
2 point player and 2.5 point player is a disability sport classification for wheelchair basketball. People in this class have partial trunk control when making forward motions. The class includes people with T8-L1 paraplegia, post-polio paralysis and amputations. People in this class handle the ball less than higher-point players. They  have some stability issues on court, and may hold their wheel when trying to one hand grab rebounds.


2 point player
The class includes people with amputations. Amputees are put into this class depending on the length of their stumps and if they play using prosthetic legs. Classification into this classes has four phases. They are a medical assessment, observation during training, observation during competition and assessment. Observation during training may include a game of one on one. Once put into this class, it is very difficult to be classified out of it.


2 point player
During the 2000s, there was a lot of discussion in the United States about how to increase participation of players in this class. One suggestion was to allow able bodied people to participate to give players in this class more time on the floor. Another one involved changing the classification system used domestically to align with the one used internationally by the IWBF,


2 point player
People in this class include Australia players  Grant Mizens and  Kylie Gauci.


2 point player, Definition
This classification is for wheelchair basketball. Classification for the sport is done by the International Wheelchair Basketball Federation. Classification is extremely important in wheelchair basketball because when players' point totals are added together, they cannot exceed fourteen points per team on the court at any time. Jane Buckley, writing for the Sporting Wheelies, describes the wheelchair basketball players in this classification as players having, "No lower limb but partial trunk control in a forward direction. Rely on hand grip to remain stable in a collision."


2 point player, Definition
The Australian Paralympic Committee defines this classification as, "Players with some partially controlled trunk movement in the forward direction, but no controlled sideways movement. They have upper trunk rotation but poor lower trunk rotation." The International Wheelchair Basketball Federation defines a 2 point player as, "Some partially controlled trunk movement in the forward direction, but no controlled sideways movement, has upper trunk rotation but poor lower trunk rotation." The Cardiff Celts, a wheelchair basketball team in Wales, explain this classification as, "mild to moderate loss of stability in the lower trunk. [ ...] Typical Class 2 Disabilities include : T8-L1 paraplegia, post-polio paralysis without control of lower extremity movement."


2 point player, Definition
A player can be classified as a 2.5 point player if they display characteristics of a 2 point player and 3 point player, and it is not easy to determine exactly which of these two classes the player fits in.


2 point player, Strategy and on court ability
2 point players need to put one hand on their chair's wheel for stability when trying to rebound. This is because of stability issues. When pushing themselves around the court, they do not require the back of their chair to maintain stable forward movement.


2 point player, Strategy and on court ability
There is a significant difference in special endurance between 2 point players, and 3 and 4 point players, with 2 point players having less special endurance. 1 point and 2 point players handle the ball the least on court.


2 point player, Disability groups, Amputees
People with amputations may compete in this class. This includes A1and A9 ISOD classified players. Because of the potential for balance issues related to having an amputation, during weight training, amputees are encouraged to use a spotter when lifting more than 15 pounds (6.8 kg).


2 point player, Disability groups, Amputees, Lower limb amputees
ISOD classified A1 players may be found in this class. This ISOD class is for people who have both legs amputated above the knee. There is a lot of variation though in which IWBF class these players may be put into. Those with hip articulations are generally classified as 3 point players, while those with slightly longer leg stumps in this class are 3.5 point players. Lower limb amputations effect a person's energy cost for being mobile. To keep their oxygen consumption rate similar to people without lower limb amputations, they need to walk slower. A1 basketball players use around 120% more oxygen to walk or run the same distance as some one without a lower limb amputation.


2 point player, Disability groups, Amputees, Upper and lower limb amputees
ISOD classified A9 players may be found in this class. The class they play in will be specific to the location of their amputations and their lengths. Players with hip disarticulation in both legs are 3.0 point players while players with two slightly longer above the knee amputations are 3.5 point players. Players with one hip disarticulation may be 3.5 point players or 4 point players. People with amputations longer than 2/3rds the length of their thigh when wearing a prosthesis are generally 4.5 point players. Those with shorter amputations are 4 point players.


2 point player, Disability groups, Amputees, Upper and lower limb amputees
At this point, the classification system for people in this class then considers the nature of the hand amputation by subtracting points to assign a person to a class. A wrist disarticulation moves a player down a point class while a pair of hand amputations moves a player down two point classes, with players with upper limb amputations ending up as low as a 1. point player.


2 point player, Disability groups, Spinal cord injuries, F5
This is  wheelchair sport classification that corresponds to the neurological level T8 - L1. In the past, this class was known as Lower 3, or Upper 4. The location of lesions on different vertebrae tend to be associated with disability levels and functionality issues. T12 and L1 are associated with abdominal innervation complete. Disabled Sports USA defined the anatomical definition of this class in 2003 as, "Normal upper limb function. Have abdominal muscles and spinal extensors (upper or more commonly upper and lower). May have non-functional hip flexors (grade 1). Have no abductor function."


2 point player, Disability groups, Spinal cord injuries, F5
People in this class have good sitting balance. People with lesions located between T9 and T12 have some loss of abdominal muscle control. Disabled Sports USA defined the functional definition of this class in 2003 as, "Three trunk movements may be seen in this class: 1)  Off the back of a chair (in an upwards direction). 2)  Movement in the backwards and forwards plane. 3)   Some trunk rotation. They have fair to good sitting balance. They cannot have functional hip flexors, i.e. ability to lift the thigh upwards in the sitting position. They may have stiffness of the spine that improves balance but reduces the ability to rotate the spine." People in this class have a total respiratory capacity of 87% compared to people without a disability.


2 point player, Disability groups, Spinal cord injuries, F5
In 1982, wheelchair basketball made the move to a functional classification system internationally. While the traditional medical system of where a spinal cord injury was located could be part of classification, it was only one advisory component. People in this class would have been Class II as 2 or 2.5 point players. Under the current classification system, people in this class would likely be a 2 point player.


2 point player, History
The original wheelchair basketball classification system in 1966 had 5 classes: A, B, C, D, S.  Each class was worth so many points. A was worth 1, B and C were worth 2. D and S were worth 3 points. A team could have a maximum of 12 points on the floor. This system was the one in place for the 1968 Summer Paralympics. Class A was for T1-T9 complete. Class B was for T1-T9 incomplete. Class C was for T10-L2 complete. Class D was for T10-L2 incomplete. Class S was for Cauda equina paralysis. For people with spinal cord injuries, tis class would have been part of Class A, Class B, Class C or Class D.


2 point player, History
From 1969 to 1973, a classification system designed by Australian Dr. Bedwell was used. This system used some muscle testing to determine which class incomplete paraplegics should be classified in. It used a point system based on the ISMGF classification system. Class IA, IB and IC were worth 1 point. Class II for people with lesions between T1-T5 and no balance were also worth 1 point. Class III for people with lesions at T6-T10 and have fair balance were worth 1 point. Class IV was for people with lesions at T11-L3 and good trunk muscles. They were worth 2 points.


2 point player, History
Class V was for people with lesions at L4 to L5 with good leg muscles. Class IV was for people with lesions at S1-S4 with good leg muscles. Class V and IV were worth 3 points. The Daniels/Worthington muscle test was used to determine who was in class V and who was class IV. Paraplegics with 61 to 80 points on this scale were not eligible. A team could have a maximum of 11 points on the floor. The system was designed to keep out people with less severe spinal cord injuries, and had no medical basis in many cases. This class would have been III or IV.


2 point player, History
During the 1990s, there was a ban to push tilting in wheelchair basketball. One of the major arguments against its use was that 1 and 2 point players could not execute this move. This ban occurred in 1997, despite American 2 point player  Melvin Juette demonstrating that it was possible for lower point players to execute at the 1997 IWBF 5 Junior Championships in Toronto, Canada. The tilting ban was lifted in 2006.


2 point player, History
The classification was created by the International Paralympic Committee  and has roots in a 2003 attempt to address "the overall objective to support and co-ordinate the ongoing development of accurate, reliable, consistent and credible sport focused classification systems and their implementation."


2 point player, History
In 2005 and 2006, there was an active effort by the National Wheelchair Basketball Association to try to move from a three player classification system to a four point classification system like the one used by the International Wheelchair Basketball Federation. In a push to increase participation the sport during the 2000s, people involved with the American National Wheelchair Basketball Association have argued allowing able-bodied athletes to compete would help 1 and 2 point players because there would be a need to balance participation on the team because of the rules regarding maximum points on the floor.


2 point player, History
For the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio, the International Paralympic Committee had a zero classification at the Games policy. This policy was put into place in 2014, with the goal of avoiding last minute changes in classes that would negatively impact athlete training preparations. All competitors needed to be internationally classified with their classification status confirmed prior to the Games, with exceptions to this policy being dealt with on a case by case basis. In case there was a need for classification or reclassification at the Games despite best efforts otherwise, wheelchair basketball classification was scheduled for September 4 to 6 at Carioca Arena 1.


2 point player, Getting classified
Classification generally has four phase. The first stage of classification is a health examination. For amputees in this class, this is often done on site at a sports training facility or competition. The second stage is observation in practice, the third stage is observation in competition and the last stage is assigning the sportsperson to a relevant class. Sometimes the health examination may not be done on site for amputees because the nature of the amputation could cause not physically visible alterations to the body.


2 point player, Getting classified
This is especially true for lower limb amputees as it relates to how their limbs align with their hips and the impact this has on their spine and how their skull sits on their spine. For wheelchair basketball, part of the classification process involves observing a player during practice or training. This often includes observing them go one on one against some one who is likely to be in the same class the player would be classified into. Once a player is classified, it is very hard to be classified into a different classification. Players have been known to have issues with classification because some players play down their abilities during the classification process. At the same time, as players improve at the game, movements become regular and their skill level improves. This can make it appear like their classification was incorrect.


2 point player, Getting classified
In Australia, wheelchair basketball players and other disability athletes are generally classified after they have been assessed based on medical, visual or cognitive testing, after a demonstration of their ability to play their sport, and the classifiers watching the player during competitive play.


2 point player, Competitors
Australian Grant Mizens is a 2 point player. Kylie Gauci is a 2 point player for Australia's women's national team. Bo Hedges and Richard Peter are a 2.5 point players for the Canadian men's national team.


2 sen coin
The 2 sen coin (二銭硬貨) was a Japanese coin worth one-fiftieth of a Japanese yen, as 100 sen equalled 1 yen. Two sen coins were minted during the Meiji period, and are made from nearly pure copper. Priority was initially given to silver coins when the new yen currency system was adopted in 1871 as copper coins could not be produced yet. Aside from a design change and a two year lapse, two sen coins were made from 1873 to 1884. The two sen coin was then discontinued and eventually demonetized in the mid-20th century. These coins are now sought after as collectors items which bring premium amounts depending on the date and condition.


2 sen coin, History
Two sen coins were introduced on August 29, 1873 by government notification stating that they were to be double the weight of a sen. This came about two years after a new currency system was adopted by the Meiji government in an act signed on June 27, 1871. The new coinage gave Japan a western style decimal system which was based on units of yen which was broken down into subsidiary coinage of sen, and rin.


2 sen coin, History
Silver coins in general (starting at 5 sen) were prioritized over copper coinage as the technology to produce the latter was considered to be poor at the time. Each two sen coin was struck in a copper alloy, which was authorized to weigh 220 grains (14.26 g) with a 1.25 inch diameter (31.8mm). The obverse features a dragon with the date of reign, while on the reverse a wreath design is used with a Chrysanthemum seal located above surrounded by the words "50 for one yen" in Kanji.


2 sen coin, History
Both sides of the coin have the value "2 sen" written in both English and Kanji. Two sen coins were legal tender only up to the amount of 1 yen which was fixed by government regulations. Only trial coins dated year 6 were produced in 1873 before the denomination was officially issued for circulation in the following year.


2 sen coin, History
The dragon on the obverse side of the coin was later altered in 1877. Two different major coin varieties were made that year when the scales on the dragon were changed from a square pattern to a "V" shaped pattern. No coins are dated from year 11 or 12 (1878 and 1879) as a sufficient amount of 2 sen had already been issued in the years preceding. While production resumed in 1880 with coins dated year 13, the continuation of the issue would be short lived.


2 sen coin, History
Two sen coins were eventually discontinued in 1884 as their large size had caused them to be inconvenient. It is possible that non circulating two sen coins were made again in 1892 (year 25) for display at the World's Columbian Exposition. The coins continued to retain their legal tender status until the end of 1953 when the Japanese government passed a law abolishing subsidiary coinage in favor of the yen.


2 sen coin, History
Two sen coins are now bought and sold as collectibles with some more rare than others. Average circulated two sen coins are worth anywhere from 2,500 yen to 25,000 yen (~$25 to ~$250 USD) depending on the date. Coins dated 1873 (year 6) are worth the most as their mintage is small when compared to the other dates. The condition of any given coin is a factor in value as new or uncirculated coins trade for higher prices.


2 sen coin, Circulation figures
The following are circulation figures for the two sen coin, all of which were minted between the 6th, and 25th year of Meiji's reign. The dates all begin with the Japanese symbol 明治 (Meiji), followed by the year of his reign the coin was minted. Each coin is read clockwise from right to left, so in the example used below "九" would read as "year 9" or 1876.


2 steg från Paradise
2 steg från Paradise is the sixth studio album by Swedish singer Håkan Hellström, released on 13 October 2010. It was produced by Håkan Hellström in collaboration with Joakim Åhlund. Many of the songs were written together with The Soundtrack of our Lives' guitarist Björn Olsson, who also produced Hellström's third studio album Ett kolikbarns bekännelser. A double A-side single featuring "Saknade te havs" and "River en vacker dröm" was released prior to the album, on 11 September. "River en vacker dröm" was originally meant to be performed at 2010's edition of Way Out West only. However, nearing the release of the album, Hellström chose to record it as well.


2 steg från Paradise, Charts
The album debuted at number one on the Swedish Albums Chart. It also entered the Norwegian Albums Chart at number four.


2 voor 12
2 voor 12 (English: 2 for 12), formerly Twee voor Twaalf, is a Dutch game show broadcast weekly on that country's public television system since 1971 by BNNVARA (VARA until 2017). Joop Koopman hosted the original version of the program, which aired from 1971 to 1981. A revival, hosted by Astrid Joosten, has aired since 1991, and is broadcast on NPO 2 as of 2021. The program was the longest running quiz program on Dutch television as of 2013.


2 voor 12, Gameplay
In the program, two teams of two contestants are given twelve questions to answer with the help of reference books and, in more recent editions, Dutch Wikipedia. Players cannot see if their answers are right or wrong until after the conclusion of the quiz. The first letter of each answer forms an anagram the contestants must unscramble to find a twelve-letter word. Points are deducted as the references are used, and bonuses are awarded afterward based on the number of correct answers offered, with the highest scoring team winning the game. Bonuses for nine or more correct answers were added beginning upon the program's return in 1991 in order to incentivize players to search for correct answers. Later on, another bonus was added for offering a correct answer without using any references.


2 voor 12, Gameplay
Questions are presented on myriad subjects in a variety of ways, with many using stock footage, and some being accompanied by animations produced by students at HKU.


2 voor 12, Gameplay
Champions are allowed to return for up to three programs, with 3-time champions and 2-time champions who choose to leave the program receiving their score multiplied into Euro (or Dutch guilder, prior to 2002).


2 voor 12, History
Ellen Blazer, a longtime worker for VARA, created the program. Her aim was to create a quiz that people could play even without significant amounts of knowledge. Despite its longevity, the format has not been sold to foreign broadcasters.


2 voor 12, History
Joosten noted upon the program's 50th anniversary in 2021 that the program has been referred to as a Rolls-Royce of quizzes. The program's success has resulted in the catchphrase "Dat zoeken we op" (English: We'll look it up) entering the Dutch lexicon.


2 yen coin
The 2 yen coin (二圓金貨) was a short lived denomination of Japanese yen. During the first year of mintage in 1870, hundreds of thousands of these new coins were struck. These figures dropped off sharply as the Japanese government looked towards silver as a trading commodity. The supply of gold bullion had also dwindled causing the demand for these coins to outpace the supply available. The public hoarded two yen coins along with other denominations of gold causing them not to circulate during the mid 1870s.


2 yen coin
Japan eventually obtained a supply of gold bullion towards the end of the century, but this came too late for the two yen coin which was last minted in 1892. Almost one hundred years later the two yen coin was officially demonetized. While not in circulation any more, these coins are bought and sold by numismatics for academic study, and by those with a hobby.


2 yen coin, History
The Japanese mint was first opened in December, 1870 at Osaka. Each two yen coin was set at 900 fineness with a weight of 51.44 grains. Gold bullion was delivered from private Japanese citizens, foreigners, and the Japanese government. The overall production of gold coin declined by the mid 1870s as the Japanese government established a gold and silver double digit system. Meji's decree proclamation No. 27 set the gold and silver price ratio to 1: 16.17.


2 yen coin, History
With the opening of silver to trade came the trade dollar, Japan issued its own version in 1875 in order compete with other currencies such as the United States. The low mintages of the two yen coin in the latter years may also be attributed to a lack of gold bullion available, as previously minted gold coins were hoarded by the public and did not circulate. It was reported that by 1896 a total of 151,210,000 silver pieces of all denominations of yen had been struck since 1870, verses 2,037,055 for gold.


2 yen coin, History
Japan officially went onto the gold standard in 1897 from reserves obtained after the first Sino-Japanese War. New laws were passed that abolished the Japanese silver trade dollar, as well as the one silver yen piece. The two yen gold coin was also not among the new coins scheduled to be minted. Two yen gold coins were finally abolished as legal tender in 1988, by this time the exchange rate for gold coins to Japan's modern circulating currency as a whole was zero.


2 yen coin, Circulation figures
The following are circulation figures for the two yen coin, all of which were minted between the 3rd, and 25th year of Meiji's reign. The dates all begin with the Japanese symbol 明治 (Meiji), followed by the year of his reign the coin was minted. Each coin is read clockwise from right to left, so in the example used below "九" would read as "year 9" or 1876. It is unknown if genuine coins dated 1874 even exist as they remain "unverified". Two yen coins were struck in 1892,  but none were released for circulation.


2 yen coin, Collecting
The only collectable coins of this series are first year issues dated 1870 (year 3), as the rest are considered extremely rare. The date 1880 (year 13) has only ten known surviving examples out of a total mintage of less than 100. At least two of these coins have sold at auction; one in 2008 for $299,595 (USD), and another in 2011 for $75,000 (USD). Other dates such as 1876 (year 9) have also appeared,  listing at $144,000 (USD) in a 2016 Japanese auction.


2 yen note
The 2 yen note (2円券) was a denomination of Japanese yen issued in two different overlapping series from 1872 to 1880 for use in commerce. Meiji Tsūhō "two yen" notes were the first to be released as inconvertible government notes in 1872. These notes were produced both domestically, and in Germany using western technology. While they had an elaborate design, the notes eventually suffered in paper quality, and were counterfeited. Two yen Meiji Tsūhō notes were not redesigned with other denominations in response to these issues.


2 yen note
The series as a whole was effected by massive inflation that occurred during the aftermath of the Satsuma Rebellion in 1877. Too many non convertible notes had been issued to pay for the expenses incurred. Government notes stopped being issued in 1879, and the Bank of Japan was established in 1882 as a way to redeem old notes for new ones issued by the bank. This redemption period expired when the notes were abolished on December 9, 1899.


2 yen note
National bank notes were first issued in 1873, and circulated concurrently with Meiji Tsūhō notes. These were issued by a system of national banks that was adopted in design from the United States. Two yen national bank notes were convertible to gold coinage until 1876 when the price of the alloy rose. They eventually fell into the same situation as Meiji Tsūhō notes after the Satsuma Rebellion. National bank notes were suspended in 1880, and were also later eligible for redemption for Bank of Japan notes. The national banks themselves were dissolved in 1896 by a law which also mandated abolishment of the notes after December 31, 1899. Both of these series are now bought and sold as collector's items depending on condition and series survival rate.


2 yen note, Meiji Tsūhō (1872-1879)
The first "two yen" notes adopted and released by the Japanese government are part of a series known as Meiji Tsūhō (明治通宝). These notes were the first Japanese currency ever to be printed using western printing at "Dondorf and Naumann", which was located in Frankfurt. Meiji Tsuho notes were designed by Edoardo Chiossone sometime in 1870 while he was working for Dondorf Naumann on behalf of The National Bank in the Kingdom of Italy. The process of making Chiossone's proposed design a reality started with the establishment of the "Imperial Printing Bureau of Japan" in 1871 (4th year of Meiji).


2 yen note, Meiji Tsūhō (1872-1879)
In order to produce the currency the Japanese government reached out to Dondorf and Naumann to gain access to Western technology. Chiossone had a falling out with Italian Bank as his relationship with them had hit a breaking point. When the company suggested Chiossone for the role as engraver, he quickly accepted the offer. The production of money was handed over to the Imperial Printing Bureau in January 1872 when banknotes began to arrive from Germany.


2 yen note, Meiji Tsūhō (1872-1879)
All of these arrivals were purposely left incomplete due to security reasons, as the words "Meiji Tsuho" and the mark of the Minister of Finance were added by the Imperial Printing Bureau. Woodblock printing was eventually employed to save hundreds of people the work of handwriting the characters "Meiji Tsuho" on each individual note. Two yen notes in particular were released in June 1872 (year 5) measuring 111mm x 72 mm in size. These notes feature an feature an elaborate design that was difficult to forge at the time as counterfeiting was previously rampant with clan notes.


2 yen note, Meiji Tsūhō (1872-1879)
Eventually enough Western technology was brought over to Japan as the Japanese government produced some two yen Meiji Tsūhō notes domestically. The elaborate design worked against counterfeiters for an unknown period of time before they found a way around it. Unstamped notes sent to Japan from Germany were legally obtained by these thieves. Normally Japanese officials would add stamps to the notes finalizing the process, where in this case the counterfeiters added their own stamps.


2 yen note, Meiji Tsūhō (1872-1879)
Another major issue was the Satsuma Rebellion in February 1877, which helped lead to massive inflation due to the amount of inconvertible notes issued for payment. The Japanese government responded by stopping the issuance of government notes in 1879 as a hopeful remedy to the situation. During this time legal tender Meiji Tsuho two yen notes had issues with paper quality, and were circulating with counterfeits. While these problems led the Japanese government to issue redesigned banknotes in 1881, two yen notes were excluded from this process.


2 yen note, Meiji Tsūhō (1872-1879)
Additional measures were subsequently put into place which included the establishment of a centralized bank known as the Bank of Japan. All of the remaining Meiji Tsuho notes in circulation that weren't already redeemed were to be retired in favor of either silver coinage or newly printed Bank of Japan notes. This period of exchange lapsed when Meiji Tsuho notes were abolished on December 9, 1899.


2 yen note, National Bank Notes (1873-1880)
The idea for national bank notes (国立銀行紙幣) in Japan came from Itō Hirobumi when he was studying the United States in 1871. During this time the Meiji government was working to establish a gold-backed monetary system based on Hirobumi's recommendation. The Japanese government accepted Hirobumi's proposal for national bank notes in 1872 by establishing the "National Bank Act" which organized a decentralized "U.S.-style" system of national banks. Each of these banks was chartered by the state to issue notes exchangeable for gold from reserves held by the banks.


2 yen note, National Bank Notes (1873-1880)
Permission was eventually given to these private banks allowing national bank notes to be issued in August 1873. The first bank notes issued are also referred to as old national bank notes (旧国立銀行券). Two yen national bank notes in particular measure 80 mm x 190 mm in size, and are modeled after their counterparts in the United States. The obverse features clan leaders Nitta Yoshisada and Kojima Takanori with bank seals, while the reverse depicts the Tokyo Imperial Palace. These circulated as convertible notes for roughly three years before the rising price of gold became an issue.


2 yen note, National Bank Notes (1873-1880)
As a response, an amendment to the National Bank Act was adopted in August 1876 making the notes inconvertible. Under this amendment there was no limit on the amount of paper money that could be issued. This action also allowed private banks to redeem national bank notes for government issued inconvertible Meiji Tsuho notes rather than for gold. Negative effects from this amendment in the form of inflation were greatly amplified by the Satsuma Rebellion in February 1877. While the rebellion was quickly resolved, the Japanese government had to print a large amount of fiat notes as payment.


2 yen note, National Bank Notes (1873-1880)
As two yen notes were never printed as fiat notes, they continued to circulate while a series of events changed Japan's banking system. In July 1877 then prime minister Ōkuma Shigenobu realized that keeping Japan on a gold standard was pointless given the low price of silver. The silver one yen coin was thus brought into domestic commerce on May 27, 1878 switching Japan to a de facto silver standard. This did little good for fiat currency as it continued to lose its value against silver coinage. The issuance of national banknotes was ultimately suspended in 1880 by then prime minister Matsukata Masayoshi.


2 yen note, National Bank Notes (1873-1880)
During this time Matsukata introduced a policy of fiscal restraint that resulted in what has come to be called the "Matsukata Deflation". The most significant of these policies established a centralized banking system through the "Bank of Japan Regulation" on June 27, 1882 by proclamation No. 32. In order to decrease inflation all of the old notes were to be collected and exchanged by notes from the central bank. The first step of this process came with an amendment to the regulation in May 1883, which provided the redemption and retirement of national bank notes.


2 yen note, National Bank Notes (1873-1880)
As the amount of paper currency in circulation decreased, the amount of silver reserves increased. This drove up the value of paper currency until it was about equal to that of silver coins by the end of 1885. The National Bank Act was amended again in March 1896, providing for the dissolution of the national banks on the expiration of their charters. This amendment also prohibited national bank notes from circulating after December 31, 1899. The ongoing redemption process took additional time as national bank notes were not fully removed from circulation until 1904.


2 yen note, Collecting
The value of any given banknote is determined by survivability rate and condition as collectors in general prefer original notes with bright rich coloring. In contrast to this are notes with ink stains, missing pieces, and evidence of repairs which can all impact their value. Exceptions to this include extremely rare banknotes where there are few surviving examples (ex: National Gold Bank Note). The oldest fifty sen notes (aka half yen notes) include the Meiji Tsūhō series which were first issued in 1872 and later abolished in 1899.


2 yen note, Collecting
Their print run includes 2,695,298 notes made in Germany, and 9,792,989 made in Japan. More of these notes are in better condition than one yen notes of the same series as more were made domestically. While the survivability rate is high, the value of these notes in average condition is still substantial with prices in the multiple tens of thousands of yen (~$400+ USD). Professional grading is recommended for this series as "many" counterfeit notes exist on the market.


2 yen note, Collecting
The only other series of two yen include National bank notes which are now rare due to events surrounding the aftermath of the Satsuma Rebellion. In order to pay for this event a large amount of banknotes were printed and released into circulation as a way to ease the economic situation. This wound up having a negative effect in the form of rampant inflation which caused National banknotes to be actively collected by officials. These are now popular banknotes among collectors which are rarely seen on the marketplace. When they are up for the sale, two yen national bank notes sell in the multiple hundreds of thousands of yen (~$5,000+ USD) in average condition.


2 øre (World War II Danish coin)
The 2 øre coin was made during the German occupation of Denmark between 1941 and 1945, and then by the Danish government in 1947. It was first minted in aluminum, and then from 1942 to 1947 in zinc. The aluminum 2 øre is identical to the zinc variety, although the latter is a little heavier in weight.


2% out of Sync
2% out of Sync is the first album by One Thousand Motels, a collaboration project of Rat Scabies (The Damned) and Chris Constantinou (The Wolfmen, Sinead O'Connor, Adam Ant, The Mutants).


2% out of Sync, Background
The bassist/multi-instrumentalist Chris Constantinou and drummer Rat Scabies collaborated for some years as core members of The Mutants rock supergroup. When making the fourth Mutants album, Rat noticed also some other demos Chris was working on and this turned into the project One Thousand Motels, involving only the two of them (quicker and easier to put in practice, considering the logistics around The Mutants musicians as a supergroup). In September 2020, they released the first album 2% out of Sync.


2% out of Sync, Reception
The album was noticed in reviews as forging new ground with only a customary nod to the past of the two musicians. A Vive Le Rock article characterized the music as "upbeat rock songs with a twist in the lyrical tail" and the review of the same magazine gave it a 7/10 rating, describing it as a high spirited, elaborated album.


2'''-acetyl-6'''-hydroxyneomycin C deacetylase
2'''-acetyl-6'''-hydroxyneomycin C deacetylase (EC , neoL (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name 2'''-acetyl-6'''-hydroxyneomycin C hydrolase (acetate-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction


2'''-acetyl-6'''-hydroxyneomycin C deacetylase
This enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of aminoglycoside antibiotics of the [neomycin] family.


2',3'-Cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase
2',3'-Cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase also known as CNPase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CNP gene.


2',3'-Cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase, Reaction
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are nucleoside 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and H2O, whereas its product is nucleoside 2'-phosphate.


2',3'-Cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase, Function
CNPase is a myelin-associated enzyme that makes up 4% of total CNS myelin protein, and is thought to undergo significant age-associated changes. It is named for its ability to catalyze the phosphodiester hydrolysis of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotides to 2'-nucleotides, though a cohesive understanding of its specific physiologic functions are still ambiguous.


2',3'-Cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase, Function
Structural studies have revealed that four classes of CNPases belong to one protein superfamily. CNPase's catalytic core consists of three alpha-helices and nine beta-strands. The proposed mechanism of CNPases phosphodiesterase catalytic activity is similar to the second step of the reaction mechanism for RNase A.


2',3'-Cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase, Function
CNPase is expressed exclusively by oligodendrocytes in the CNS, and the appearance of CNPase seems to be one of the earliest events of oligodendrocyte differentiation. CNPase is thought to play a critical role in the events leading up to myelination.


2',3'-Cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase, Function
CNPase also associates with microtubules in brain tissue and FRTL-5 thyroid cells, and is reported to have microtubule-associated protein-like activity (MAP; see MAP2), being able to catalyze microtubule formation at low molar ratios. Deletion of the C-terminus of CNPase or phosphorylation abolish the catalytic activity of microtubule formation. CNPase can link tubulin to cellular membranes, and might be involved in the regulation cytoplasmic microtubule distribution.


2',3'-Cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase, Function
CNPase has also been demonstrated to inhibit the replication of HIV-1 and other primate lentiviruses by binding the retroviral Gag protein and inhibiting the genesis of nascent viral particles. Whether this is a biological function of CNPase or a coincidental activity remains unclear.


2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 2'-phosphodiesterase
In enzymology, a 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 2'-phosphodiesterase (EC ) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction


2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 2'-phosphodiesterase
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are nucleoside 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and H2O, whereas its product is nucleoside 3'-phosphate.


2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 2'-phosphodiesterase
This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on phosphoric diester bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is nucleoside-2',3'-cyclic-phosphate 3'-nucleotidohydrolase. Other names in common use include ribonucleoside 2',3'-cyclic phosphate diesterase, 2',3 '-cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, 2',3'-cyclic nucleotidase, cyclic 2',3'-nucleotide 2'-phosphodiesterase, cyclic 2',3'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase, 2',3'-cyclic nucleoside monophosphate phosphodiesterase, 2',3'-cyclic AMP 2'-phosphohydrolase, cyclic phosphodiesterase:3'-nucleotidase, 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide phosphohydrolase, 2':3'-cyclic phosphodiesterase, and 2':3'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase:3'-nucleotidase. This enzyme participates in purine metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism.


2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase
In molecular biology, 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5A synthetase) is an enzyme (EC ) that reacts to interferon signal. It is an antiviral enzyme that counteracts viral attack by degrading RNAs, both viral and host. The enzyme uses ATP in 2'-specific nucleotidyl transfer reactions to synthesize 2'-5'-oligoadenylates, which activate latent ribonuclease (RNASEL), resulting in degradation of viral RNA and inhibition of virus replication.


2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase
The C-terminal half of 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase, also referred to as domain 2 of the enzyme, is largely alpha-helical and homologous to a tandem ubiquitin repeat. It carries the region of enzymatic activity between at the extreme C-terminal end.


2'-Deamino-2'-hydroxyneamine transaminase
2'-Deamino-2'-hydroxyneamine transaminase (EC , kacL (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name 2'-deamino-2'-hydroxyneamine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction


2'-Fucosyllactose
2′-Fucosyllactose (2′-FL) is an oligosaccharide, more precisely, fucosylated, neutral trisaccharide composed of L-fucose, D-galactose, and D-glucose units. It is the most prevalent human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) naturally present in human breast milk, making up about 30% of all of HMOs. It was first discovered in the 1950s in human milk. The oligosaccharide's primary isolation technique has been in use since 1972.


2'-Fucosyllactose, Production
This compound may be biosynthesized in quantity using E. coli.


2'-Fucosyllactose, Uses
As with other oligosaccharides, a widely regarded characteristic of 2'-fucosyllactose is its ability to protect against infectious diseases namely in preventing epithelial level adhesions of toxins and pathogens. The 2FL stimulates the growth of certain bifidobacteria and receptor analogons which lends to toxic and pathogenic protection, all this being most prevalent in infants. Among the pathogens that 2FL is known to protect against are Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium, Helicobacter pylori, among others.


2'-Hydroxyisoflavone reductase
In enzymology, a 2'-hydroxyisoflavone reductase (EC ) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction


2'-Hydroxyisoflavone reductase
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are vestitone and NADP+, whereas its 3 products are 2'-hydroxyformononetin, NADPH, and H+.


2'-Hydroxyisoflavone reductase
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-CH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is vestitone:NADP+ oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include NADPH:2'-hydroxyisoflavone oxidoreductase, isoflavone reductase, and 2',7-dihydroxy-4',5'-methylenedioxyisoflavone reductase.


2'-N-acetylparomamine deacetylase
2'-N-acetylparomamine deacetylase (EC , btrD (gene), neoL (gene), kanN (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name 2'-N-acetylparomamine hydrolase (acetate-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction


2'-N-acetylparomamine deacetylase
This enzyme takes part in the biosynthetic pathways of several clinically important aminocyclitol antibiotics, including kanamycin, butirosin, neomycin and ribostamycin.


2'-deoxymugineic-acid 2'-dioxygenase
In enzymology, a 2'-deoxymugineic-acid 2'-dioxygenase (EC ) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction


2'-deoxymugineic-acid 2'-dioxygenase
The 3 substrates of this enzyme are 2'-deoxymugineic acid, 2-oxoglutarate, and O2, whereas its 3 products are mugineic acid, (a compound related to azetidine-2-carboxylic acid) succinate, and CO2.


2'-deoxymugineic-acid 2'-dioxygenase
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o oxygen into each donor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2'-deoxymugineic acid,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (2-hydroxylating). This enzyme is also called IDS3.


2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate desulfinase
In enzymology, a 2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate desulfinase (EC ) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction


2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate desulfinase
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate and H2O, whereas its two products are 2-hydroxybiphenyl and sulfite.


2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate desulfinase
This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on carbon-sulfur bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate sulfohydrolase. Other names in common use include gene dszB-encoded hydrolase, 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) benzenesulfinate:H2O hydrolase, DszB, HBPSi desulfinase, 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) benzenesulfinate sulfohydrolase, HPBS desulfinase, 2-(2- hydroxyphenyl)benzenesulfinate hydrolase, 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzenesulfinate desulfinase, and 2-(2- hydroxyphenyl)benzenesulfinate desulfinase.


2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate desulfinase, Structural studies
As of late 2007, 3 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes , , and .


2'-hydroxydaidzein reductase
In enzymology, a 2'-hydroxydaidzein reductase (EC ) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction


2'-hydroxydaidzein reductase
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 2'-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrodaidzein and NADP+, whereas its 3 products are 2'-hydroxydaidzein, NADPH, and H+.


2'-hydroxydaidzein reductase
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-CH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2'-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrodaidzein:NADP+ 2'-oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include NADPH:2'-hydroxydaidzein oxidoreductase, HDR, and 2'-hydroxydihydrodaidzein:NADP+ 2'-oxidoreductase. This enzyme participates in isoflavonoid biosynthesis.


2'-phosphotransferase
In enzymology, a 2'-phosphotransferase (EC ) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction


2'-phosphotransferase
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are [ [ 2'-phospho-[ligated tRNA]]] and NAD+, whereas its 4 products are mature tRNA, ADP-ribose 1'',2''-phosphate, nicotinamide, and H2O.


2'-phosphotransferase
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing groups (phosphotransferases) with an alcohol group as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2'-phospho-[ligated tRNA]:NAD+ phosphotransferase. Other names in common use include yeast 2'-phosphotransferase, Tpt1, Tpt1p, and 2'-phospho-tRNA:NAD+ phosphotransferase.


2(x)ist
2(X)IST (pronounced "to exist") is an American luxury fashion label that makes men's underwear, swimwear, activewear, loungewear, socks, and watches. 2XIST also launched a women's line featuring activewear, sleepwear and intimates. The company was founded in 1991 by Gregory Sovell and is headquartered in New York City.


2(x)ist, History
2(X)IST was founded in 1991 by Gregory Sovell, who left in 2005. The 2(X)IST headquarters is located in midtown Manhattan in New York City.


2+1 road
2+1 road is a specific category of three-lane road, consisting of two lanes in one direction and one lane in the other, alternating every few kilometres, and usually separated with a steel cable barrier. The second lane allows faster-moving traffic to overtake slower vehicles at regular intervals. Traditional roads of at least 10 metres (33 ft) width can be converted to 2+1 roads and reach near-motorway safety levels at a much lower cost than an actual conversion to motorway or dual carriageway.


2+1 road, By country, Estonia
The construction of 2+1 roads in Estonia first started in autumn 2016, when a contract for a reconstruction of a 9 kilometre section of the national road 4 between Ääsmäe and Kohatu into a 2+1 road was signed. The road is being reconstructed as a 15-metre-wide (49 ft) 2+1 road, equipped with barriers along the entire length.


2+1 road, By country, Estonia
Also there are several sections of the national road 2 between Põltsamaa and Tartu planned for a conversion into 2+1 road. The first of them (Annikvere-Neanurme) was opened in November 2017. The speed limits are 100 km/h (60 mph) during summer and 90 km/h (55 mph) during winter.


2+1 road, By country, Finland
The first 2+1 road in Finland was opened in 1991 on Finnish national road 4 between Järvenpää and Mäntsälä, which later was upgraded to a motorway. Since then, numerous 2+1 roads have been built as part of the national road network. They resemble motorways in that they are typically, although not always limited-access roads and have no at-grade interchanges. In mid-1990s, 2+1 roads with traffic separators were introduced; these are effective in preventing head-on collisions, approaching the safety of motorways.


2+1 road, By country, Finland
In 2006, there were 440 km of 2+1 roads,  e.g. along road 3 and road 4. However, they weren't that much of a panacea: interchanges made the roads much more expensive than planned and confusing to drivers. Thus, new construction halted and only 2+2 roads with traffic separators were built. These are however more expensive and require more widening of the road.