1st Airborne Division (United Kingdom), Operational history, England
At any rate, the land portion of the attack (generally considered to be part of Operation Perch) bogged down due to German resistance and the delayed deployment of troops to Normandy. There was also Operation Beneficiary, intended to support the American XX Corps in capturing St Malo, and Operation Lucky Strike which had the objective of seizing bridges across the River Seine at Rouen. In Operation Sword Hilt, the division was to isolate the port of Brest and destroy the Morlaix viaduct. Operation Hands Up was intended to support the US Third Army by seizing the Vannes airfield.


1st Airborne Division (United Kingdom), Operational history, England
By August the division was still waiting to be deployed, but now plans envisioned using them as part of a larger force. Operation Transfigure involved the division, the 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division, the US 101st Airborne Division, and the 1st Polish Parachute Brigade landing at Rambouillet St Arnoult, to close the gap between Orléans and Paris. Operation Axehead, using the same force, was to seize the bridges over the River Seine in support of 21st Army Group. Operation Boxer, with the same force, was to seize Boulogne and assault V1 flying bomb sites.


1st Airborne Division (United Kingdom), Operational history, England
Near the end of the month, Operation Linnet, with the same units as before, was formulated to seize crossings over the Escaut. Operation Infatuate, drawn up in early September, involved the entire I Airborne Corps landing in Belgium to trap the retreating German armies in the Scheldt estuary, as well as aiming to threaten Antwerp.


1st Airborne Division (United Kingdom), Operational history, England
Finally, in September, there was Operation Comet, in which the division's three brigades were to land in the Netherlands and each capture a river crossing. The first of these was the bridge over the River Waal at Nijmegen, the second the bridge over the River Maas at Grave, and the last was the bridge over the River Rhine at Arnhem. Planning for Comet was well advanced when on 10 September the mission was cancelled. Instead, a new operation was proposed with the same objectives as Comet but to be carried out by three divisions of the First Allied Airborne Army.


1st Airborne Division (United Kingdom), Operational history, Arnhem
Operation Market Garden was an airborne assault by three divisions in the Netherlands in September 1944, including the British 1st and the American 82nd and 101st, to secure key bridges and towns along the expected Allied axis of advance. Farthest north, 1st Airborne, supported by the 1st Polish Parachute Brigade, landed at Arnhem to secure bridges across the Nederrijn. Initially expecting an easy advance, XXX Corps, under Lieutenant General Brian Horrocks, to reach the airborne force at Arnhem within two to three days.


1st Airborne Division (United Kingdom), Operational history, Arnhem
1st Airborne landed some distance from its objectives and was quickly hampered by unexpected resistance, especially from elements of the 9th SS and 10th SS panzer divisions. Only a small force was able to reach the Arnhem road bridge, while the main body of the division was halted on the outskirts of the city. Meanwhile, XXX Corps was unable to advance north as quickly as anticipated and failed to relieve the airborne troops.


1st Airborne Division (United Kingdom), Operational history, Arnhem
After four days, the small British force at the bridge was overwhelmed and the rest of the division became trapped in a pocket north of the river, where they could not be sufficiently reinforced by the Poles, or by XXX Corps when it arrived on the southern bank. After nine days of fighting, the shattered remains of the airborne forces were eventually withdrawn south of the Rhine. 1st Airborne lost 8,000 men during the battle and never saw combat again.


1st Airborne Division (United Kingdom), Operational history, Norway post-war
In May 1945, immediately after the Allied Victory in Europe Day, the 1st Airborne Division was sent to disarm and repatriate the 350,000-strong German occupation army in Norway. The division maintained law and order until the arrival of the remainder of the 1st Airborne Division. During its time in Norway, the division was tasked with supervising the surrender of the German forces in Norway, as well as preventing the sabotage of important military and civilian facilities.


1st Airborne Division (United Kingdom), Operational history, Norway post-war
The German Instrument of Surrender was delivered on 8 May to General Franz Böhme, the commander of all German forces stationed in Norway; the 1st Airborne Division landed near Oslo and Stavanger between 9 and 11 May. Most of the transport aircraft carrying the division landed safely, but one crash caused several fatalities. The division encountered little of the expected German resistance. Operational duties included welcoming back King Haakon, looking after Allied ex-prisoners of war, arresting war criminals and supervising the clearing of minefields. While in Norway, the division was also able to investigate what happened to the airborne troops that had taken part in Operation Freshman. The division returned to Britain, and was disbanded on 26 August 1945.


1st Airborne Shock Infantry Regiment
The 1st Airborne Shock Infantry Regiment (French: 1er régiment d'infanterie de choc aéroporté, 1eR RICAP), then named the 1st Shock Regiment (French: 1er régiment de choc), is a former parachute unit of the French Army, created on 1 October 1945 and dissolved on 1 February 1947.


1st Airborne Shock Infantry Regiment, Flag
Since 1 January 1964 the National Commando Training Center has been entrusted with the Colour of the 1st Airborne Shock Infantry Regiment, which has the following battle honours sewn in gold letters:


1st Airborne Task Force (Allied)
The 1st Airborne Task Force was a short-lived Allied airborne unit that was active during World War II created for Operation Dragoon–the invasion of Southern France. Formed in July 1944, under the command of Major General Robert T. Frederick, it took part in the "Dragoon" landings on 15 August 1944, securing the area north-west of the landing beaches, before moving towards the French–Italian border as part of the United States Seventh Army. The unit was disbanded in November 1944.


1st Airborne Task Force (Allied), Formation
In the initial plans for the invasion of France it was proposed that two forces would land simultaneously in Normandy and in southern France in June 1944, attacking the Germans from the north and south in a classic pincer movement, after which the southern forces would head east to aid Allied forces in Italy. However it was soon realized that there were not enough landing ships or men available to carry out both operations at the same time, so the southern invasion ("Operation Anvil") was postponed. The southern invasion (now "Operation Dragoon") was planned for August 1944, and all airborne forces were allocated to a new unit formed on 11 July 1944 as the Seventh Army Airborne Division (Provisional). This was redesignated the 1st Airborne Task Force on the 21st.


1st Airborne Task Force (Allied), Formation
In order to form the 1ABTF airborne units were withdrawn from combat in Italy. These were the U.S. 509th Parachute Infantry Battalion and U.S. 517th Parachute Regimental Combat Team, and the British 2nd Independent Parachute Brigade. Added to them were the U.S. 550th Glider Infantry Battalion and U.S. 551st Parachute Infantry Battalion, both of which had previously been stationed in Panama, and neither of which had seen combat.


1st Airborne Task Force (Allied), Formation
Two Free French parachute battalions had originally been assigned in early July, but disagreements over their deployment with General de Gaulle meant that the troops were not made available, and so the British 2nd Parachute Brigade was assigned to the operation on the proviso that they would be returned to operations in Italy once the beachhead was firmly established.


1st Airborne Task Force (Allied), Operation Dragoon
1ABTF's part in "Dragoon", was codenamed "Operation Rugby". They were to land around the village of Le Muy, midway between Draguignan, and the landing beaches at Fréjus–Saint-Raphaël. There were three Drop Zone/Landing Zones:


1st Airborne Task Force (Allied), Operation Dragoon, The landings
On the night of the operation heavy fog meant that the initial landings were scattered over a wide area, and by dawn only about 60% of the task force troops had assembled in their drop zones. The gliders bringing the British artillery support at 08:00 had to abort their mission, though landings and drops later in the day were more successful. Many gliders were damaged on landing, but casualties were generally light.


1st Airborne Task Force (Allied), Operation Dragoon, In combat
While the village of Le Muy itself remained in enemy hands, the British secured the high ground to the east and north, while the Americans did the same in the west and south. The 550th Battalion attempted to secure Le Muy that night, but were repulsed. Apart from seizing the village, the 1ABTF had completed its assigned mission, establishing a strong position astride the Argens valley preventing the enemy advancing on the beach-head. On the morning of the 16th the 550th attacked Le Muy again, and by 14:45 it was taken – between 500 and 700 prisoners were captured. Early on the morning of the 17th forward elements of the U.S. 36th Division arrived at Le Muy from the beach-head, and then continued their advance towards Draguignan.


1st Airborne Task Force (Allied), Operation Dragoon, In combat
Following "Operation Rugby" the 1ABTF moved north-east, covering the right flank of the Seventh Army, and liberating Cannes and Nice, before being deployed to the Maritime Alps in a static role, mounting patrols and keeping a close watch on the Germans in the area of the Franco-Italian border.


1st Airborne Task Force (Allied), Operation Dragoon, In combat
The 2nd (Independent) Parachute Brigade was released on 26 August 1944. Six weeks later it was deployed to Greece. In November 1944 1ABTF was sent to Soissons to rest and refit, and was disbanded on 23 November 1944, with most of the units being attached to the XVIII Airborne Corps.


1st Aircraft Carrier Squadron (Royal Navy)
The 1st Aircraft Carrier Squadron was a formation of Royal Navy aircraft carriers assigned to the British Pacific Fleet in November 1943. They were Formidable, Indomitable, Victorious, Illustrious and Indefatigable. It was disbanded in 1947.


1st Aircraft Carrier Squadron (Royal Navy), Second World War and aftermath
The squadron was formed in November 1943 under the command of Rear-Admiral, Clement Moody, Flag Officer, Aircraft Carriers  (British Pacific Fleet), who also held the title of Rear-Admiral, 1st Aircraft Carrier Squadron, at the same time. While serving in the Pacific within the U.S. Fifth Fleet, the squadron was designated "Task Group 57.2". During Operation Iceberg off Okinawa, the squadron received heavy Kamikaze attacks. Their armoured flight decks were adequate protection for the hangar decks, but the stress caused deformation of the ships' structures..


1st Aircraft Carrier Squadron (Royal Navy), Second World War and aftermath
Theseus served as squadron flagship for the squadron in 1947.


1st Aircraft Carrier Squadron (Royal Navy), Korean War
After the war, the "1st Aircraft Carrier Squadron, Far East Fleet" consisting of the carriers Triumph and Unicorn, with the cruiser Belfast as flagship, was en route to Hong Kong from Japan when the Korean War broke out and was sent back to Japan.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 1st Airlanding Brigade was an airborne infantry brigade of the British Army during the Second World War and the only glider infantry formation assigned to the 1st Airborne Division, serving alongside the 1st Parachute Brigade and 4th Parachute Brigade.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom)
The brigade was formed in late 1941 during World War II through the conversion of an existing infantry brigade previously stationed in India, the 31st Independent Infantry Brigade. Two of the initial four infantry battalions left in May 1943 to form the new 6th Airlanding Brigade of the 6th Airborne Division and were replaced by a single new battalion, thereby reducing the brigade's strength by one quarter.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom)
The brigade only saw action on two occasions during the Second World War, in Operation Ladbroke, as part of the Allied invasion of Sicily, in July 1943 and later in Operation Market Garden in September 1944. During the second operation, in the fighting around Arnhem, 1st Airlanding Brigade along with the rest of 1st Airborne Division held out against overwhelming German odds, sustaining very heavy losses. Only around 20 percent of the brigade were evacuated south of the River Rhine. The rest had either been killed, were missing or became prisoners of war.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom)
Following the German surrender in mid-1945, 1st Airlanding Brigade were sent to Norway to disarm the German garrison. Later the same year the brigade was disbanded.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Formation
Under the command of Brigadier George F. Hopkinson, the 1st Airlanding Brigade Group was formed on 10 October 1941 through the re-designation of the 31st Independent Infantry Brigade, which had just returned to the United Kingdom after training for mountain warfare in British India. Upon formation, the brigade consisted of the 1st Battalion, Border Regiment (Borders), the 2nd Battalion, South Staffordshire Regiment (Staffords), the 2nd Battalion, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry (OBLI), the 1st Battalion, Royal Ulster Rifles (Ulsters) and supporting units. These were the brigade's original infantry battalions and all remained part of its order of battle. Men in the battalions who were unsuitable for airborne service were weeded out and replaced by volunteers.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Formation
The strength of the airlanding brigade almost equalled that of an airborne division's two parachute brigades. To support the four infantry battalions, the brigade also had its own artillery, engineer and reconnaissance units until 1942, when they became divisional assets. Another change that affected the brigade occurred in May 1943, when the Ulsters and the OBLI left to form the 6th Airlanding Brigade, of the 6th Airborne Division. When the brigade returned to the United Kingdom, it was assigned the 7th Battalion, King's Own Scottish Borderers (KOSB) in December 1943, a 2nd Line Territorial Army unit, which had until then been on home defence duties, stationed in the Orkney and Shetland islands.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Formation
The brigade's glider infantry battalions consisted of 806 men in four rifle companies, each with four platoons along with a support company consisting of two Anti-tank platoons each with four 6 pounder guns, two mortar platoons armed with six 3 inch mortars, and two Vickers machine gun platoons.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Formation
Transport for the brigade was normally the Airspeed Horsa glider, piloted by two men from the Glider Pilot Regiment. With a wingspan of 88 feet (27 m) and a length of 67 feet (20 m), the Horsa had a maximum load capacity of 15,750 pounds (7,140 kg)—space for two pilots, a maximum of twenty-eight troops or two jeeps, one jeep and an artillery gun or one jeep with a trailer. Sixty–two Horsa and one General Aircraft Hamilcar gliders were required to carry the airlanding battalion into action. The Hamilcar carried the battalion's two Universal Carriers used to support the mortar and machine-gun platoons.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Sicily
The 1st Airborne Division, including the 1st Airlanding Brigade, left England for North Africa in June 1943. The brigade now comprised only two battalions, the 1st Border Regiment and the 2nd South Staffordshire Regiment, with Brigadier Philip "Pip" Hicks, in command, Brigadier Hopkinson having been promoted to major-general and given command of the 1st Airborne Division from Major-General Browning. The 1st Ulster Rifles and the 2nd Ox and Bucks remained in England to help create the 6th Airlanding Brigade. Once they arrived in the theatre the brigade was based in the Oran area on the north-western Mediterranean coast of Algeria. Now part of the British Eighth Army, training for the Allied invasion of Sicily, code-named Operation Husky, started in earnest.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Sicily
Major-General Hopkinson had persuaded General Bernard Montgomery, commander of the Eighth Army, to include the 1st Airborne Division in the invasion of Sicily, against the wishes of both the commander of the British Airborne Forces, Major-General Browning and the commander of the Glider Pilot Regiment, Lieutenant Colonel Chatterton. Both men were concerned that they had insufficient aircraft for the complete division to take part while British pilots and infantry were not familiar with the Waco CG-4 gliders that were to be used.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Sicily
Their concerns proved correct as there were only enough aircraft for two of the division's four brigades to take part in the invasion. The 1st Parachute Brigade was assigned to Operation Fustian with orders to seize and hold the Primosole Bridge over the River Simeto. Prior to that, the 1st Airlanding Brigade was to take part in Operation Ladbroke, a glider assault on the Ponte Grande bridge across the Anapo river south of Syracuse. The brigade was to hold the bridge until relieved by the advance of the British 5th Infantry Division. The 1st


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Sicily
Airlanding Brigade was allocated 136 Waco and eight Airspeed Horsa gliders for the operation. Six of the Horsas carrying two infantry companies were scheduled to land at the bridge at 23:15 on 9 July in a coup-de-main operation. The remainder of the brigade would arrive at 01:15 on 10 July using a number of landing-zones between 1.5 and 3 miles (2.4 and 4.8 km) away, then converge on the bridge to reinforce the defence.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Sicily
On 9 July, 2,075 men of the brigade along with seven Willys MBs, six artillery guns and ten mortars, boarded their gliders in Tunisia and took off at 18:00 bound for Sicily. En route they encountered strong winds, poor visibility and at times were subjected to anti-aircraft fire. To avoid gunfire and searchlights, pilots of the towing aircraft climbed higher or took evasive action. In the confusion surrounding these manoeuvres, some gliders were released too early and 65 of them crashed into the sea, drowning around 252 men. Of the remaining gliders only 12 landed at the correct landing-zones.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Sicily
Another 59 landed up to 25 miles (40 km) away while the remainder were either shot down or failed to release and returned to Tunisia. Only one Horsa with a platoon of infantry from the Staffords landed near the bridge. Its commander, Lieutenant Louis Withers, divided his men into two groups then swam across the river with half of them to take up positions on the opposite bank. Thereafter the bridge was captured following a simultaneous assault from both sides.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Sicily
The platoon then dismantled demolition charges that had been fitted to the bridge and dug in to wait for reinforcement or relief. Another Horsa landed about 200 yards (180 m) from the bridge but exploded on landing, killing all on board. Three of the other Horsas carrying the coup-de-main party, landed within 2 miles (3.2 km) of the bridge—their occupants eventually finding their way to the site. Reinforcements began to arrive at the bridge but by 06:30 they numbered only 87 men.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Sicily
Elsewhere, about 150 men landed at Cape Murro di Porco and captured a radio station. Based on a warning of imminent glider landings transmitted by the station's previous occupants, the local Italian commander ordered a counter-attack but his troops failed to get the message. The scattered nature of the landings now worked in the brigade's favour as they were able to cut all telephone wires in the immediate area. Forces at the bridge came under repeated attacks from the Italians while the expected 5th Infantry Division relief did not appear at 10:00 as planned.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Sicily
By 15:30 only 15 of men at the bridge remained fit to fight and they were out of ammunition, as a result the Italians then recaptured the bridge. The first unit from the 5th Division, the 2nd Northamptonshire Regiment of the 17th Brigade, arrived at the bridge at 16:15 and mounted a successful counterattack. The prior removal of demolition charges from the bridge had prevented the Italians from destroying it. The brigade then took no further part in the fighting and was withdrawn back to North Africa on 13 July. During the landings in Sicily, the losses by the 1st Airlanding Brigade were the worst of all the British units involved so far. They amounted to 313 killed and 174 missing or wounded. The accompanying glider pilots lost 14 killed, and a further 87 were missing or wounded.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Arnhem
After service in the Mediterranean the brigade returned to Woodhall Spa in Lincolnshire, where it was reinforced by the arrival of the 7th Battalion, King's Own Scottish Borderers in November 1943. During the Normandy landings, the 1st Airlanding Brigade was part of the strategic reserve, on standby to deploy wherever they were needed to support the invasion. The division and brigade were next assigned to Operation Market Garden at Arnhem in the Netherlands. This entailed three airborne divisions capturing bridges to be used subsequently by the British Second Army. Prior to the operation, more than 15 planned airborne missions into France and Belgium had been cancelled due to the speed of the Allied advance.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Arnhem
A shortage of transport aircraft meant that it would take three days to transport the division to Arnhem. The plan called for the majority of the 1st Airlanding Brigade and the 1st Parachute Brigade to land on day one. The parachute brigade would head for Arnhem and capture the bridges over the Lower Rhine while the airlanding brigade secured drop zones for units arriving on the second and third days. When all the division's units had arrived the brigade would take up defensive positions to the west of Arnhem. The 1st


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Arnhem
Airlanding Brigade units arriving on the second lift were to be two companies plus one mortar, one machine gun and one anti-tank platoon of the Staffords, along with three platoons and sections from the mortar, machine gun and anti-tank platoons of the KOSB. The Borders contingent amounted to a further eight platoons.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Arnhem
On 17 September 1944, the first lift successfully carried the majority of the brigade to Arnhem—only 12 gliders failed to arrive due to technical problems. While the 1st Parachute Brigade headed for Arnhem the airlanding brigade dug in to secure the landing grounds. The Staffords dug in around landing zone 'S', the KOSB around drop zone 'Y' and the Borders around landing zone 'X'. Also under command of the brigade, co-located with brigade headquarters at Wolfheze  were the Glider pilots of No. 2 Wing, Glider Pilot Regiment, the equivalent of a small infantry battalion.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Arnhem
On the night of 17–18 September, divisional commander Major-General Roy Urquhart was reported missing. Brigadier Philip Hugh Whitby Hicks assumed command of the division while Colonel Hilaro Barlow replaced Hicks as brigade commander.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Arnhem
On day two, problems in Arnhem forced Hicks to change the divisional plan. Only the 2nd Parachute Battalion had reached the road bridge—strong German defences had halted the other battalions so Hicks decided that the Staffords would link up with the 1st Parachute Brigade in an attempt to reach their objective. However, the Staffords also failed to break through the German defenders. Bad weather over England kept the planned second lift on the ground.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Arnhem
The first troops did not arrive until 15:00, a delay that gave the Germans time to approach the landing grounds and engage the KOSB in numerous probing attacks on the northern perimeter. At one stage KOSB commanding officer Lieutenant Colonel Payton-Reid led a bayonet charge to clear the Germans from the area. Meanwhile, the Borders were repeatedly attacked from the south of landing zone's 'X' and 'Z', and were eventually forced to call on the 75 mm guns of the 1st Airlanding Light Regiment to break up the attacks.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Arnhem
Hicks had previously decided to send the Staffords on the second lift to join their battalion fighting in Arnhem, while he also sent the 11th Parachute Battalion on the same lift to support 1st Parachute Brigade. The KOSB, until then responsible for defending the landing ground, were attached to 4th Parachute Brigade to replace the 11th Parachute Battalion. However they were still responsible for defending landing ground 'L', for the arrival of the Poles gliders on day three. This left only the Borders, No. 2 Wing GPR and the field ambulance under brigade command.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Arnhem
As day three dawned, the Staffords, and the 1st Parachute Battalion attacked at 04:00, their first objective being to link up with the 3rd Parachute Battalion trapped around St Elizabeth's Hospital. The attack failed but allowed Urquhart to rejoin the division from a position where he had been trapped by the Germans. This allowed Hicks to resume command of the brigade, whereupon Urquhart dispatched Colonel Barlow to take over command of 1st Parachute Brigade and co-ordinate the attack in Arnhem. He left in a jeep and was killed in a mortar barrage just outside Arnhem. The 1st


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Arnhem
Airlanding Brigade, still holding landing zone 'L' for the expected Polish and resupply gliders, then came under attack from the west and north-west. During the night the KOSB had tried to take the high ground at Koepel, but were stopped by heavy machine gun fire and instead dug in. The remainder of 4th Parachute Brigade advancing north of the railway line also encountered a strong German defence line and were unable to progress any further. All three battalions were ordered to withdraw south of the railway line towards Wolfheze.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Arnhem
Although the northernmost battalion of the KOSB had thus far enjoyed a quiet morning, in the two hours it took them to advance south of the railway, two companies were now cut off and the entire battalion transport lost. Still under fire from the pursuing Germans, the battalions crossed landing zone 'L' just as the third lift gliders were landing. While attempting to unload the gliders the Poles came under fire. Assuming the approaching men were Germans, they opened fire and caused some casualties.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Arnhem
With no one in command, around 100 men, the remnants of the Staffords, along with about 400 troops from the 1st Parachute Brigade, pulled back towards Oosterbeek. Here they were gathered together in an ad hoc formation known as the "Lonsdale Force" after Major Richard Lonsdale who was put in command. The Lonsdale Force deployed to the south-east of Oosterbeek to defend the division's artillery line.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Arnhem
Here, as dusk approached, Lance Serjeant John Baskeyfield of the Staffords, although wounded and with the rest of his men dead or wounded, engaged three tanks as they emerged from the woods with his anti-tank gun. He destroyed the first tank and disabled the second before his own weapon was destroyed. Moving to a nearby gun where the crew were already dead, he continued to fight the third tank alone. Shortly after he managed to disable it, he was killed a shell from a German tank. For his actions Baskeyfield received a posthumous Victoria Cross, the highest British military decoration. The KOSB had by now arrived at the perimeter being formed around Oosterbeek and took up positions south of the railway line just north of division headquarters.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Arnhem
By day four, the battalions of the 1st Airlanding Brigade were dispersed over a wide area. While the Borders were to the west on a line from the River Rhine east of Heveadorp to the Heelsum road, the remaining KOSB companies lay to the north with the remnants of the Staffords forming part of Lonsdale Force in the east. Brigade headquarters was established on open ground at the centre of the divisional area. On day five (21 September), defence of the divisional area was divided between the two remaining brigade headquarters. The 1st


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Arnhem
Airlanding Brigade in the west now commanded the remaining three companies of Borders, the remnants of the KOSB, and what remained of the Royal Engineers, 21st Independent Company, Glider Pilots and Poles. Lonsdale Force Major Robert Henry Cain of the Staffords disabled a tank with a PIAT and then, although wounded by machine gun fire, positioned one of the division's artillery guns and destroyed it. This was the first of a number of actions by Major Cain which led to the award of a Victoria Cross. This second medal for the Staffords meant it became the only British battalion to receive two Victoria Crosses in one battle during the Second World War.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Arnhem
The Germans did not mount an all-out infantry assault on the divisional area, which was under continuous mortar and artillery attack. Instead, each sector was subjected to small scale assaults at times supported by tanks or self-propelled guns. Enemy troops first attacked the Independent Company, then the Borders who were forced off the high ground overlooking the river, and finally the KOSB. The Germans mounted a strong assault following the landing of the 1st Polish Parachute Brigade south of the river beside Driel. This attack forced the KOSB out of their positions, which were only regained after a bayonet charge. Fighting was so fierce that first reports suggested the KOSB had been annihilated, although it turned out that the counter-attack had in fact reduced the battalion's strength to only 150 men.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Arnhem
By day six, 22 September, the battle had settled into a routine of mortaring and small probing attacks at times supported by armoured vehicles and sniper fire. The Poles, dug in south of the river, relieved part of the pressure on the division, as some German forces were diverted to confront them. The following day began in a similar way to previous days with a mortar and artillery bombardment, followed by infantry and armour trying to find a gap in the perimeter.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Arnhem
The KOSB, Glider Pilots and the 21st Independent Company who were all defending the brigade area were repeatedly attacked. Furthermore, food and water shortages also took their toll on the men, with foraging parties subjected to sniper fire. On day eight, 24 September, although German attacks continued, the enemy were engaged by artillery of the XXX Corps south of the river and aircraft from the Royal Air Force. This broke up most assaults before they got started.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Arnhem
On 25 September Lieutenant-General Brian Horrocks, commander of XXX Corps, decided not to reinforce the position north of the Rhine and instead prepare for the evacuation of all survivors in Operation Berlin. The evacuation took place on the night of 25–26 September. Of the 2,526 men of 1st Airlanding Brigade that left England for Operation Market Garden, there were 230 killed, 476 evacuated and 1,822 were missing or prisoners of war.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Norway
After Arnhem, replacements for the 1st Airlanding Brigade began to bring the brigade up to strength. Among the replacements was Brigadier Roger Bower who took the place of the injured Brigadier Hicks. However, the Germans surrendered before they were involved in further action. The 1st Airborne Division including the airlanding brigade, the Special Air Service Brigade and an ad hoc brigade formed from the divisional artillery were sent to disarm the German occupation forces in Norway in May 1945.


1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom), Operations, Norway
On entering Norway, the division would be responsible for maintaining law and order in the areas it occupied, ensuring that German units followed the terms of their surrender, securing and then protecting captured airfields, and finally preventing the sabotage of essential military and civilian structures. After landing nearby, 1st Airlanding Brigade occupied the Norwegian capital Oslo, where Brigadier Bower became Commander, Oslo Area for the duration of the division's time in Norway. The city was chosen because as well as being the Norwegian capital it was also the centre of the Norwegian and German administration. The brigade returned to the United Kingdom in August 1945, when the 1st Airborne Division was disbanded and the airlanding battalions returned to a conventional infantry role.


1st Airlanding Light Regiment
The 1st Airlanding Light Regiment was an airborne forces unit of the British Army's Royal Artillery during the Second World War.


1st Airlanding Light Regiment
The regiment was raised in 1943, by the expansion of an existing airborne artillery battery. Attached to the 1st Airborne Division in 1943, the regiment landed in Italy as part of Operation Slapstick—part of the Allied invasion of Italy—and then, when the division was withdrawn, it stayed behind to support other divisions of the British Eighth Army in the Italian Campaign until the end of the year. In 1944 the regiment rejoined the 1st Airborne Division in England and, in September 1944, took part in Operation Market Garden, which was the airborne assault in the Netherlands. During the battle of Arnhem that followed the regiment was one of the divisional units that formed a defensive ring around Oosterbeek.


1st Airlanding Light Regiment
Reformed after Arnhem, the regiment never fought in another battle. They did, however, take part in Operation Doomsday, the repatriation of the German occupation army in Norway in May 1945. After this the regiment returned to England and was disbanded in December 1945.


1st Airlanding Light Regiment, Formation
Impressed by the success of German airborne operations during the Battle of France, the British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, directed the War Office to investigate the possibility of creating a corps of 5,000 parachute troops. In September 1941 the 1st Parachute Brigade began forming, comprising three parachute infantry battalions. In keeping with British Army practice at the same time as the brigade's infantry battalions were forming, airborne supporting arms were formed including men from the Royal Artillery.


1st Airlanding Light Regiment, Formation
The origins of the 1st Airlanding Light Regiment can be traced to the formation of the 458th Independent Light Battery, Royal Artillery in February 1941. At the time, the battery was commanded by Major Pat Lloyd and, equipped with the First World War vintage 3.7-inch mountain howitzer, served on the North-West Frontier in India. The 3.7 inch Howitzer could fire a 20 pounds (9.1 kg) shell 5,899 yards (5,394 m) and weighed 1,610 pounds (730 kg).


1st Airlanding Light Regiment, Formation
In 1941, the British airborne forces were being raised and needed an artillery formation, so the battery was renamed the 1st Airlanding Light Battery and it was converted into an airborne unit. Assigned to the 1st Airborne Division, the battery moved to the airborne forces depot at Bulford Garrison in April 1942.


1st Airlanding Light Regiment, Formation
The battery spent the next eleven months training for their new role. In February 1943, however, it was expanded to a full regiment commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel R. W. McLeod. The regiment now consisted of three batteries, each of two troops, with four guns per troop, or twenty-four guns in the regiment. At the same time their 3.7 inch Howitzers were replaced by the newer American 75 mm Pack Howitzer. The 75 mm Howitzer could be broken down into six components. It fired a 15 pounds (6.8 kg) shell a maximum of 9,186 yards (8,400 m) and weighed 1,439 pounds (653 kg). Being the only field artillery unit in the division, one battery of eight guns could be expected to support each of the division's three brigades.


1st Airlanding Light Regiment, Formation
At this time the only way airborne forces could transport artillery guns and their towing vehicles by air was by using gliders. In the regiment's case this was normally the Airspeed Horsa, piloted by two men from the Glider Pilot Regiment. With a wingspan of 88 feet (27 m) and a length of 67 feet (20 m), the Horsa had a maximum load capacity of 15,750 pounds (7,140 kg)—space for two pilots, a maximum of twenty-eight troops, or two jeeps; alternatively: one jeep, an artillery gun and a half ton trailer; or one jeep with up to two trailers. One disadvantage of being transported by the Horsa glider, was that only three artillerymen and the two pilots could be carried with the gun.


1st Airlanding Light Regiment, Operations, Italy
The regiment left England for North Africa on 16 May 1943, arriving at Oran in Algeria on 26 May. The 1st Airborne Division as a whole did not take part in the Allied invasion of Sicily. However, the 1st Parachute and 1st Airlanding brigades took part in brigade sized operations, Ladbroke and Fustian, without any artillery support from the regiment. While in Sicily Lieutenant-Colonel Crawfurd, the Division's Commander Royal Artillery (DCRA), was killed. He was replaced by Lieutenant-Colonel McLeod and the second in command, Major W. F. K "Sheriff" Thompson, was given command of the regiment.


1st Airlanding Light Regiment, Operations, Italy
In September 1943, they were involved in Operation Slapstick, part of the Allied invasion of Italy. The division in North Africa boarded the ships of the Royal Navy's 12th Cruiser Squadron at Bizerta on 8 September 1943. At 15:00 on 9 September, the flotilla reached the port of Taranto on the heel of Italy. The landings were unopposed and the troops were soon disembarked.


1st Airlanding Light Regiment, Operations, Italy
In Italy the regiment not only supported the 1st Airborne Division, but also fired in support of the 1st Canadian Infantry Division at Campobasso. The 1st Airborne Division was withdrawn back to England, leaving the regiment behind. In October they supported the British 5th Infantry Division at Rionero and then Isernia in November. After this, they supported the 2nd New Zealand Division during three unsuccessful attacks on Orsogna. Next they fired in support of the independent 2nd Parachute Brigade and the British 78th Infantry Division from mid-December 1943 to January 1944, at Casoli, Gessopalena and Roccascalegna. The regiment was then withdrawn and sent to rejoin the 1st Airborne Division in Boston, England.


1st Airlanding Light Regiment, Operations, England
In England the regiment trained for operations in North-West Europe under the supervision of I Airborne Corps, commanded by Lieutenant-General Frederick Arthur Montague Browning. Although they were not scheduled to take part in the Normandy landings, Operation Wastage was a contingency plan drawn up whereby all of the 1st Airborne Division would be parachuted in to support any of the five invasion beaches if delays were experienced.


1st Airlanding Light Regiment, Operations, England
In early September the regiment prepared for Operation Comet during which the 1st Airborne Division's three brigades were to land in the Netherlands and capture three river crossings. The first of these was the bridge over the River Waal at Nijmegen, the second the bridge over the River Maas at Grave and finally the bridge over the River Rhine at Arnhem. Planning for Comet was well advanced when, on 10 September, the mission was cancelled. Instead, a new operation was proposed with the same objectives as Comet but to be carried out by three divisions of the First Allied Airborne Army.


1st Airlanding Light Regiment, Operations, Arnhem
Landings by the First Allied Airborne Army's three divisions began in the Netherlands on 17 September 1944. Although the allocation of aircraft for each division was roughly similar, the U.S. 101st Airborne Division, under Major General Maxwell D. Taylor, landing at Nijmegen would use only one lift. The U.S. 82nd Airborne Division, under Major General James M. Gavin, at Grave required two lifts while the British 1st Airborne Division, under Major-General Roy Urquhart, at Arnhem would need three lifts. Whereas the two American divisions delivered at least three-quarters of their infantry in their first lift, the 1st Airborne's similar drop used only half its capacity for infantry and the remainder to deliver vehicles and artillery.


1st Airlanding Light Regiment, Operations, Arnhem
The 1st Airborne Division had the required airlift capacity to deliver all three parachute brigades with their glider-borne anti-tank weapons or two of the parachute brigades and the airlanding brigade on day one. Instead however, the vast majority of the division's vehicles and heavy equipment, plus the 1st Parachute Brigade, most of the 1st Airlanding Brigade and divisional troops were to be on the first lift, with the rest to follow over the next two days. Following the first lift, the airlanding brigade would remain at the landing grounds to defend them for the following day's lifts, while the parachute brigade set out alone to capture the bridges and ferry crossing on the River Rhine.


1st Airlanding Light Regiment, Operations, Arnhem
On 17 September 1944, the first day of the operation, fifty-seven gliders carried the regimental headquarters and the 1st and 3rd batteries to Arnhem. The 2nd Battery and the remaining men of the regimental headquarters were on the second day's lift.


1st Airlanding Light Regiment, Operations, Arnhem
With only three of the regiment's men travelling in the gliders, the two pilots stayed with the guns as drivers and to provide local protection, until the rest of the regiment assembled. Immediately after landing the 3rd Battery set up their gun line to the east of landing zone 'Z'. Meanwhile, the 1st Battery set up between the 3rd and the village of Wolfheze. Both were on call to support the 1st Parachute Brigade in their advance to the bridges, and the 1st Airlanding Brigade defending the landing zones.


1st Airlanding Light Regiment, Operations, Arnhem
In the morning of the second day, 19 September, in order to support the paratroopers in Arnhem, the guns had to move to a new position beside the church in Oosterbeek. The batteries were set up on the slight high ground that existed to the north-east and north-west of the church. At the Arnhem road bridge, the 2nd Parachute Battalion, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel John Frost, and some supporting units, were under attack by the reconnaissance battalion of the 9th SS Panzer Division, which was attempting to force a crossing.


1st Airlanding Light Regiment, Operations, Arnhem
The regiment's guns were called into action and caused significant damage to the un-armoured vehicles, armoured cars and half-tracks. Later they targeted German mortars firing at the 1st Parachute Battalion trying to fight through to the bridge in Arnhem. Their guns were also called upon to break up German attacks on the landing zones, still defended by the 1st Airlanding Brigade, which were in danger of being overrun. When the thirty-three gliders of the 2nd Battery that were on the second lift, arrived from around 15:00, one of their guns was damaged on landing and had to be left behind. By that afternoon, the attempt to fight through to the 2nd Parachute Battalion at the Arnhem bridge had failed and the remnants of four battalions involved started arriving at the regiment's position.


1st Airlanding Light Regiment, Operations, Arnhem
On 20 September the division had been forced into a perimeter around Oosterbeek. The regiment was provided with local protection by five flights of the Glider Pilot Regiment. A group made up from the remnants of the 1st Parachute Brigade known as Lonsdale Force was to their right. While on the left was 'D' Company, 1st Battalion, Border Regiment. All that morning the Germans using tanks, self propelled artillery and infantry attempted to break through the British line and reach the regiment's guns from the east.


1st Airlanding Light Regiment, Operations, Arnhem
On 21 September, the fifth day of the operation, the Germans again attacked from the east and got within 300 yards (270 m) of the guns. Engaged in hand-to-hand fighting, infantry support was requested and the guns were firing at point blank range. German artillery attacked the gun line killing and wounding a number of men. Amongst the wounded was the commanding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Thompson. One of the men defending the guns was Major Robert Cain who was part of Lonsdale force.


1st Airlanding Light Regiment, Operations, Arnhem
Cain was wounded disabling a Tiger tank, after which he brought one of the regiment's guns forward to finish it off. Cain was later awarded the Victoria Cross, for this and other actions during the battle. By the end of the days fighting the regiment's stock of ammunition was running out.


1st Airlanding Light Regiment, Operations, Arnhem
By 22 September, XXX Corps had advanced close enough to Arnhem for their artillery to participate in the battle. But it was the 1st Airlanding Regiment's guns that broke up a German attack on the glider pilots positions just after 07:00 that morning. The following days took on the same pattern until the night of 25/26 September, when the remnants of the 1st Airborne Division were withdrawn south of the River Rhine. The gunners fired their remaining ammunition and then disabled the guns, so they could not be used by the Germans. Of the regiment's 372 men who went to Arnhem, 136 were evacuated, 200 were reported missing and thirty-eight were killed.


1st Airlanding Light Regiment, Operations, Norway
After Arnhem the regiment and division was brought back up to strength, but the war ended before they were ready for further operations. Then in May 1945, the 1st Airborne Division was sent to Norway to disarm and repatriate the German occupation army. Code named Operation Doomsday for their part the 1st Airlanding Light Regiment were sent to Stavanger. In June some men left to join the 53rd (Worcester Yeomanry) Airlanding Light Regiment, part of the 6th Airborne Division. The rest of the regiment returned to England in August and was disbanded on 1 December 1945.


1st Airlift Squadron
The 1st Airlift Squadron is part of the 89th Airlift Wing, 89th Operations Group, at Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland. It conducts transport of various high-level U.S. military and government officials.


1st Airlift Squadron, Mission
Provides global Special Air Mission (SAM) airlift, logistics, aerial port and communications for the President, Vice President, Combat Commanders, senior leaders and the global mobility system as tasked by the White House, Chief of Staff of the Air Force, and Air Mobility Command.


1st Airlift Squadron, History, World War II
Established under Air Transport Command in 1944 to provide aerial transportation in China-Burma-India Theater from May 1944–May 1945 and in Western Pacific from c. September–December 1945. The unit was equipped first with the Curtiss C-46 Commando, and then converted to the Consolidated C-87 Liberator Express in 1944.


1st Airlift Squadron, History, Heavy airlift operations
Re -established under Military Air Transport Service in November 1953, providing airlift of personnel and equipment initially flying Douglas C-54 Skymasters. Converted to long range  Douglas C-124 Globemaster IIs and provided long range heavy strategic transport on a global scale. In 1960 converted to the Douglas C-133 Cargomaster and provided very heavy strategic airlift until the end of the C-133's service in 1971.


1st Airlift Squadron, History, Special air missions
Reactivated in 1977 at Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland and assigned to the Special Air Mission supporting transportation for the President and other high-ranking dignitaries of US and foreign governments, and Beechcraft C-12 Huron training for personnel from all branches of the military in 1977. At Andrews, has operated a variety of aircraft including the McDonnell Douglas VC-9 Skytrain II, C-12, Boeing VC-135 Stratolifter, Lockheed VC-140 JetStar, Boeing VC-137 and Gulfstream C-20. These aircraft were used to transport VIPs throughout the United States and around the world.


1st Airlift Squadron, History, Special air missions
It also transported personnel to Southwest Asia from August 1990–April 1991 during Operation Desert Shield/Storm.


1st Airmobile Brigade (Bundeswehr)
The 1st Airmobile Brigade (German: Luftbewegliche Brigade 1) was a brigade in the German Army with its headquarters at the Fritzlar Air Base in North Hesse, It was part of the Airmobile Operations Division (Germany). The various elements of the brigade were located in the federal states of  Lower Saxony, Hesse and Bavaria. Parts of the brigade were classed as intervention forces.


1st Airmobile Brigade (Bundeswehr), History
In October 2011 the German Federal Ministry of Defence announced a reorganisation/reduction of the German Armed Forces. As a result, 1st Airmobile Brigade was disbanded on 17 December 2013.


1st Airmobile Division (Ukraine)
The 1st Airmobile Division (Ukrainian: 1 аеромобільна дивізія) was a formation of the Ukrainian Airmobile Forces from January 1, 1993, until it was disbanded in 2003. The formation was located in Bolhrad.


1st Airmobile Division (Ukraine), History
The formation of the 1st Airmobile Division was begun by an order of the Ministry of Defence  on 5 May 1993 at Bolhrad from elements of the 98th Guards Airborne Division. Elements of the 217th Guards Airborne Regiment were used to form the 25th Airborne Brigade. Elements of the 299th Guards Airborne Regiment were used to form the 45th Airmobile Brigade. On 5 June 1993, soldiers of the division took an oath of allegiance to Ukraine. The formation of the division was completed on 1 December 1993. Between May and July 2002 the 25th Airborne Brigade moved to the village of  Hvardiiske, Novomoskovsk Raion. The division disbanded in 2003 as part of the Ukrainian military reform.


1st Alabama Cavalry Regiment (Confederate)
The 1st Alabama Cavalry Regiment served in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War.


1st Alabama Cavalry Regiment (Confederate), Service
The 1st Alabama Cavalry Regiment was raised at Montgomery, Alabama, in November 1861.


1st Alabama Cavalry Regiment (Confederate), Service
Ordered to Tennessee, the regiment fought at the Battle of Shiloh in April 1862. It then fought at the Battle of Boonville, Mississippi, and Blackland. In Kentucky with General Joseph Wheeler, it was engaged at the Battle of Perryville in October 1862. Returning to middle Tennessee, the regiment lost many men at the Second Battle of Murfreesboro, Battle of Stones River in December 1862 and January 1863. On the retreat to Tullahoma and Chattanooga, it again lost many men at Duck River. In September 1863, the regiment fought at the Battle of Chickamauga.


1st Alabama Cavalry Regiment (Confederate), Service
In east Tennessee with Longstreet, it fought at Clinton, Knoxville, and Mossy Creek. It was part of the force on the Sequatchee raid, fought at Dandridge. During Sherman's Atlanta Campaign, the regiment harassed the enemy. Again, in Tennessee, it fought at Waynesboro, and at Fiddler's Pond. Then, it fought at Kilpatrick, Averysboro, and Bentonville.


1st Alabama Cavalry Regiment (Confederate), Service
Near Raleigh, North Carolina, a few days before Lee's surrender, the regiment drove back the enemy. It then surrendered as part of William W. Allen's division at Salisbury, North Carolina, about 150 strong.


1st Alabama Cavalry Regiment (Union)
The 1st Alabama Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment recruited from Southern Unionists that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was the only predominantly-white Union regiment from Alabama. Of the 2,678 white Alabamians who enlisted in the Union Army, 2,066 served in the 1st Alabama Cavalry.


1st Alabama Cavalry Regiment (Union), Service
The 1st Alabama Cavalry was raised from Alabama Unionists at Huntsville, Alabama and Memphis, Tennessee in October, 1862 after Federal troops occupied the area. It was attached to the XVI Corps in various divisions until November 1864, when it became part of the XV Corps. During this time, its duties mostly consisted of scouting, raiding, reconnaissance, flank guard, and providing screening to the infantry while on the march.


1st Alabama Cavalry Regiment (Union), Service
The regiment was selected by Major General William T. Sherman to be his escort as he began his famous 1864 March to the Sea. It was assigned to the Third Division of the Cavalry Corps, Military Division of the Mississippi in January 1865. It fought at the battles of Monroe's Crossroads and Bentonville and was present at the surrender of the Army of Tennessee at the Bennett Place. It was sent to the District of Northern Alabama, Department of the Cumberland in June 1865.


1st Alabama Cavalry Regiment (Union), Service
The regiment was mustered out of service at Huntsville, Alabama on October 20, 1865, with only 397 men present. Out of the 2,000 men who served in the unit during the course of the war, 345 were killed in action, died in prison, of disease or other non-battle causes, 88 were captured, and 279 deserted, with no accurate count of the number of wounded.


1st Alabama Cavalry Regiment (Union), Reenactors
A unit based in Jasper, Alabama portrays Company C and was founded in 1992. It usually fights in reenactments as skirmishers.


1st Alabama Cavalry Regiment (Union), Reenactors
Another unit based in Huntsville, Alabama, Company B, 4th Alabama Cavalry, (CSA) portrays Company B, 1st Alabama Cavalry (USV) and participates in historical living history, skirmishes and battles in Alabama, Tennessee, Georgia and Mississippi. The unit participates as both dismounted and mounted cavalry troopers, representing the 1863 to 1865 period of the war.


1st Alabama Infantry Regiment
The 1st Alabama Infantry Regiment was a Confederate volunteer infantry unit from the state of Alabama during the American Civil War.


1st Alabama Infantry Regiment
The 1st Alabama Infantry Regiment completed its organization at Pensacola, Florida about the 1st of April 1, 1861 by the election of regimental officers. The soldiers were from the counties of Tallapoosa, Pike, Lowndes, Wilcox, Talladega, Barbour, and Macon. For a year it staffed the batteries at Pensacola, then with 1,000 soldiers moved to Missouri where all but a detachment were captured at Island No 10. The prisoners were exchanged during September, 1862, and it was soon ordered to Port Hudson. Here the unit endured many hardships, and on July 9, 1863 nearly 500 soldiers were captured.


1st Alabama Infantry Regiment
Exchanged and reorganized with 610 effectives, the 1st joined the Army of Tennessee and served in General Quarles' and Shelley's Brigade. It took an active part in the Atlanta and Tennessee Campaigns, and ended the war in North Carolina. Its casualties were high at Peach Tree Creek and were again heavy at Franklin and Nashville. Less than 100 surrendered in April, 1865. One of their companies, Company D, was also known as Perote Guards.


1st Alabama Infantry Regiment, Field Officers
The field officers were Colonels Henry D. Clayton and I. G. W. Steedman, Lieutenant Colonel Michael B. Locke, and Majors S. L. Knox and Jere N. Williams.


1st Alaska State Legislature
The 1st Alaska State Legislature served during 1959 and 1960. All of its members were elected on November 25, 1958, when Alaska was in its last days as a territory.


1st Alaska State Legislature, Terms
The Alaska Constitution established that legislative terms begin on the fourth Monday in January following an election year, and that the date may be changed by statute. This legislature passed Senate Bill 70 in the first session, which placed the date into statute but did not actually change it.


1st Alberta Legislature
The 1st Alberta Legislative Assembly was in session from November 9, 1905, to Monday, March 22, 1909, with the membership of the assembly determined by the results of the 1905 Alberta general election which was held on November 9, 1905. The Legislature officially began on November 9, 1905, and continued until the fourth session was prorogued on February 25, 1909, and dissolved the next day on February 26, 1909, prior to the 1909 Alberta general election.


1st Alberta Legislature
Alberta's first government was controlled by the majority Liberal Party led by Premier Alexander Rutherford. The Official Opposition was the Conservative Party led by Albert John Robertson. The Speaker was Charles W. Fisher who served in the role until his death from the 1918 flu pandemic in 1919 partway through the 4th Alberta Legislature.


1st Alberta Legislature, History of the First Legislature
The 1st Alberta Legislative Assembly came about after Alberta entered Confederation with the Alberta Act. The assembly met for the first time in 1906 under a strong Alberta Liberal Party majority. Construction of the Alberta Legislature Building would not begin until 1907, so the assembly would meet in the newly completed McKay Avenue School for the first two sessions of the First Legislative Assembly of Alberta in 1906 and 1907. Important bills passed in those sessions include confirming Edmonton as the provincial capital, the founding of the University of Alberta, establishment of provincial courts, and the provision of charters for several railway companies.


1st Alberta Legislature, History of the First Legislature
Edmonton was designated as the temporary capital city for Alberta during its creation. One of the major debates that occurred in this assembly was the capital city debate. A number of alternative capital cities were chosen and voted on. In the end partly due to the strong representation around Edmonton and strong Liberal majority, Edmonton was chosen as the permanent capital city in Alberta.


1st Alberta Legislature, History of the First Legislature
Labor MLA Donald McNabb's by-election victory made him the first third party candidate elected to the legislature and helped raise the strength of the labour movement in the Lethbridge area that would have an effect in Alberta politics for quite some time to come.


1st Alberta Legislature, History of the First Legislature, Telephone policy
Liberal government would make a number of large-scale forays into government operation of utilities, the most notable of which being the creation of Alberta Government Telephones. In 1906, Alberta's municipalities legislation was passed and included a provision authorizing municipalities to operate telephone companies. Several, including Edmonton, did so, alongside private companies. The largest private company was the Bell Telephone Company, which held a monopoly over service in Calgary. Such monopolies and the private firms' refusal to extend their services into sparsely-populated and unprofitable rural areas aroused demand for provincial entry into the market, which was effected in 1907. The government constructed a number of lines, beginning with one between Calgary and Banff, and it also purchased Bell's lines for $675,000.


1st Alberta Legislature, History of the First Legislature, Telephone policy
Alberta's public telephone system was financed by debt, which was unusual for a government like Rutherford's, which.was generally committed to the principle of "pay as you go". Rutherford's stated rationale was that the cost of such a large capital project should not.be borne by a single generation and that incurring debt to finance a corresponding asset was, in contrast to operating deficits, acceptable. Though the move was popular at the time, it would prove not to be financially astute.


1st Alberta Legislature, History of the First Legislature, Telephone policy
By focusing on areas neglected by existing companies, the government was entering into the most expensive and least profitable fields of telecommunication. Such.problems would not come to fruition until Rutherford had left office, however. In the short term, the government's involvement in the telephone business helped it to a sweeping victory in the 1909 election. The Liberals won 37 of 41 seats in the newly-expanded legislature.


1st Alberta Legislature, History of the First Legislature, Labour bills
Rutherford's government legislated an eight-hour day, as well, Rutherford's government also passed workers' compensation legislation designed to make such compensation automatic, rather than requiring the injured worker to sue his employer. Labour representatives criticized the bill for failing to impose fines on negligent employers, for limiting construction workers' eligibility under the program to injuries sustained while they were working on buildings more than 40 feet (12 m) high, and for exempting casual labourers. It also viewed the maximum payout of $1,500 as inadequate. In response to these concerns, the maximum was increased to $1,800 and the minimum building height reduced to 30 feet (9.1 m). In response to farmers' concerns, farm labourers were made exempt from the bill entirely.


1st Alkino
1st Alkino (Russian: 1-е Алкино; Bashkir: 1-се Алкин, 1-se Alkin) is a rural locality (a village) in Dmitriyevsky Selsoviet of Blagovarsky District, Russia. The  population was 2 as of 2010.


1st Alkino, Geography
1st Alkino is located 58 km west of Yazykovo (the district's administrative centre) by road.


1st Alpine Division "Taurinense"
The 1st Alpine Division "Taurinense" (Italian: 1ª Divisione alpina "Taurinense") was a division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II, which specialised in mountain warfare. The Alpini that formed the division are a highly decorated and elite mountain corps of the Italian Army consisting of both infantry and artillery units. Today, the traditions and name of the 1st Alpine Division "Taurinense" are carried on by the Alpine Brigade "Taurinense".


1st Alpine Division "Taurinense", Formation
The Taurinense division was constituted on 10 September 1935 through the reorganization of the existing 1st Superior Alpine Command. The headquarters of the division was in the city of Turin and the majority of its soldiers were drafted from the surrounding Province of Turin — therefore the division was named "Taurinense" for the Roman name of the city of Turin Augusta Taurinorum.


1st Alpine Division "Taurinense", Ethiopia
When Italy decided to invade Ethiopia in 1935, the Exilles and Intra battalions and two artillery batteries from each of the divisions were attached to the 5 Alpine Division Pusteria and sent to Eritrea. The detached units returned to the Taurinense after the Pusteria's return to Italy in 1937.


1st Alpine Division "Taurinense", France
From 10 June to 24 June 1940 the division advanced with other Italian units into Southern France and occupied Bourg-Saint-Maurice, where it was garrisoned after the end of hostilities. It remained in France until January 1942.


1st Alpine Division "Taurinense", Yugoslavia
The division was then sent to Mostar in the Independent State of Croatia to take part in anti-partisan operations during World War II in Yugoslavia. After arriving in Mostar, the division was placed under the command of the Italian XIV Army Corps and participated in the third Axis anti-Partisan offensive. The division captured Trnovo, and also reached and blocked Kalinovik where it made contact with elements of the 22 Infantry Division Cacciatori delle Alpi; but, overall, the offensive was a failure.


1st Alpine Division "Taurinense", Yugoslavia
In August 1942 the division was sent to Montenegro. A year later the division took part in the fifth Axis anti-Partisan offensive, but did not complete its objectives there either. After the signing of the armistice between Italy and the Allied armed forces on 3 September 1943 and after the German invasion of Italy on 8 September, the division dislocated around the Bay of Kotor surrendered to German forces and was subsequently dissolved. However, some of its units (mainly the Ivrea battalion and Aosta artillery group) refused to surrender and with other Italian units stationed in the Balkans formed the Italian Partisan Division Garibaldi—fighting now under command of the II Yugoslav partisan Corps against the German Forces.


1st Alpini Regiment
The 1st Alpini Regiment (Italian: 1° Reggimento Alpini) is an inactive regiment of the Italian Army's mountain infantry speciality, the Alpini, which distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II.


1st Alpini Regiment, History, Formation
The 1st Alpini Regiment was formed on 1 November 1882. It consisted of three Battalions: "Alto Tanaro", Val Tanaro and Val Camonica, named after the valleys and localities from which their soldiers were recruited. In 1886 the battalions were renamed, taking their new names from the location of their main logistic depot: Ceva, Pieve di Teco and Mondovì.


1st Alpini Regiment, History, World War I
During World War I the regiment consisted of 9 battalions and saw heavy fighting in the Alps against Austria's Kaiserjäger and Germany's Alpenkorps. The battalions of the regiment in these days were (pre-war raised units in bold, followed by their first and second line reserve battalions):


1st Alpini Regiment, History, Interwar Period
On 31 October 1935, the 4th Alpine Division “Cuneense” was formed and was composed of the 1st Alpini and 2nd Alpini Regiment and the 4th Mountain Artillery Regiment. Each Alpini regiment fielded 160 officers, and 5,046 NCOs and soldiers for a total strength of 5,206 men. Each regiment also had 23 horses, 1,242 mules and 109 transport vehicles at its disposal. The division's order of battle was as follows:


1st Alpini Regiment, History, Interwar Period
In 1935 the "Pieve di Teco" battalion was sent to fight in the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, where it distinguished itself during the battles of Amba Aradam, Amba Alagi, Worq Amba, Mai Ceu and Mekan Pass.


1st Alpini Regiment, History, World War II
On 21 June 1940 (one day before the French surrender) the “Cuneense” division began to advance with other Italian units into Southern France. The division was then sent to Albania, where it participated in the Italian attack on Greece. As the German Wehrmacht came to the aid of the beaten Italian armies in Albania in April 1941 through an invasion of Yugoslavia the “Cuneense” was sent north to aid the rapidly advancing German divisions. The Cuneense advanced through Montenegro and  reached Dubrovnik by the end of the campaign.


1st Alpini Regiment, History, World War II
In September 1942 the "Cuneense" was sent with the Alpini divisions Julia and Tridentina and other Italian units to the Soviet Union to form the Italian Army in Russia (Armata Italiana in Russia (ARMIR)) and fight alongside the Germans against the Red Army. Taking up positions along the Don River, the Italian units covered part of the left flank of the German Sixth Army, which spearheaded the German summer offensive of 1942 into the city of Stalingrad.


1st Alpini Regiment, History, World War II
After successfully encircling the German Sixth army in Stalingrad the Red Army's attention turned to the Italian units along the Don. On 14 January 1943, the Soviet Operation Little Saturn began and the three Alpini division found themselves quickly encircled by the rapidly advancing armoured Soviet Forces. The Alpinis held the front on the Don, but within three days the Soviets advanced 200 km to the left and right of the Alpini. On the evening of 17 January the commanding officer of the Italian Mountain Corps General Gabriele Nasci finally ordered a full retreat.


1st Alpini Regiment, History, World War II
At this point the Julia and Cuneense divisions were already heavily decimated and only the Tridentina division was still capable of conducting combat operations. As the Soviets had already occupied every village bitter battles had to be fought to clear the way. On the morning of 28 January the men of the 1st Alpini Regiment had walked 200 km, fought in 20 battles and spent 11 nights camped out in the middle of the Russian Steppe. Temperatures during the nights were between -30 °C and -40 °C. In the course of that day, the last remnants of the regiment were annihilated by Cossack forces. The last survivors of the 1st Alpini regiment burnt the regimental war flag to prevent it from falling in enemy hands, at which point the Regiment ceased to exist.


1st Alpini Regiment, History, World War II
On 11 February 1943, the survivors were counted and out of 5,206 men of the 1st Alpini Regiment just 722 had reached Axis lines; none of the soldiers of the battalions Ceva, Pieve di Teco and Mondovì had made it out of the Soviet encirclement. 3,475 men of the 1st Alpini Regiment died in Russia. The survivors were repatriated and after the signing of the Italian armistice with the Allies on 8 September 1943, the regiment was dissolved.


1st Alpini Regiment, History, Cold War
The 1st Alpini Regiment was reformed on 23 November 1945, but as the unit had burned its war flag and thus lost its regimental colours, the regiment was disbanded on 15 April 1946.


1st Alpini Regiment, History, Cold War, Alpini Battalion "Mondovì"
During the 1975 army reform the army disbanded the regimental level and the newly independent battalions were given for the first time war flags. As part of the reform the Alpini (Recruits Training) Battalion "Mondovì" was activated in Cuneo and given the traditions of the 1st Alpini Regiment. The battalion was part of the Alpine Brigade "Taurinense" and remained active until 30 August 1997.


1st Alpini Regiment, History, Cold War, Alpini Battalion "Mondovì"
When the battalion was disbanded it had the following structure:


1st American Regiment (1783–1784)
1st American Regiment, also known as Jackson's Continental Regiment of 1783–1784, was the last unit in the Continental Army, retained after the close of the American Revolutionary War. This regiment, under the command of Colonel Henry Jackson of Massachusetts, was not the same unit as Jackson's Additional Continental Regiment of 1777, which had become the 16th Massachusetts Regiment in 1780 and had been disbanded in 1781. Equally, this regiment should not be confused with the First American Regiment of 1784–1791, which was originally commanded by Colonel Josiah Harmar, has remained in service to the present, and is now the 3d United States Infantry Regiment (The Old Guard).


1st American Regiment (1783–1784)
However, when Jackson's Regiment was disbanded in 1784, one company remained in service and was assigned to Harmar's Regiment. The remaining company, under Captain John Doughty, had been raised by Alexander Hamilton in 1776 and had ended the war as the 2d Company, 2nd Continental Artillery Regiment. Through various reorganizations, the company has continued in the United States Army to the present day.


1st American Regiment (1783–1784), Peacetime regular army
The ratification of the Treaty of Paris, September 3, 1783, presented the Continental Congress with the question of providing the newly independent United States with a peacetime Regular Army. Congress considered several plans for a permanent peace establishment, but failed to adopt any of them.


1st American Regiment (1783–1784), Peacetime regular army
A compromise was found when the Congress finally settled on the expedient of provisionally organizing a single regiment to remain in service. Command of the new regiment was given to Colonel Henry Jackson.


1st American Regiment (1783–1784), Organization
Jackson's Regiment was authorized as an element of the Continental Army on October 23, 1783. Under this arrangement the regiment and the Continental Army were virtually the same thing. It was organized at West Point, New York, on November 3, 1783. The field units which had composed the Continental Army were disbanded in November 1783, and Jackson's Regiment was the force which succeeded them.


1st American Regiment (1783–1784), Organization
His regiment was to consist of a regimental headquarters and nine companies. Most, but not all, of the men under his command were veterans of the Massachusetts Line. In addition to the Massachusetts veterans, Captain John Doughty's Company of the 2nd Continental Artillery Regiment was attached to the regiment, as were the remaining officers and men of the Corps of Invalids. The 2nd Continental Artillery had been placed on the New York quota in 1781 and the Corps of Invalids had been raised at large.


1st American Regiment (1783–1784), Organization, Doughty's Artillery Company
Doughty's Company was originally authorized on January 6, 1776, by the New York Provincial Congress as the New York Provincial Artillery Company. The company was organized at New York City in the spring of 1776. Its first commander was Captain Alexander Hamilton. On March 17, 1777, the company, then commanded by Captain John Doughty, was assigned to Lamb's Continental Artillery Regiment. In August 1779 it was numbered the 2nd Company in the 2nd Continental Artillery Regiment.


1st American Regiment (1783–1784), Organization, Corps of Invalids
On June 20, 1777, the Continental Congress resolved to raise a Corps of Invalids. The Invalids, a body of physically disabled Continental Army veterans, were organized as a regiment of eight companies under the command of Colonel Lewis Nicola. They were intended to serve as guards at magazines, hospitals, and similar establishments. It was also hoped that the corps could serve as a military school, but this seems not to have happened.


1st American Regiment (1783–1784), Organization, Strength of the 1st American Regiment, January 3, 1784
On January 3, 1784, the Commanding General of the Army, Major General Henry Knox, submitted to Congress a list of Continental Army officers remaining in service, and a return showing the organization of Jackson's Regiment. The regiment consisted of 775 officers and men:


1st American Regiment (1783–1784), Service history
The First American Regiment served in garrison at West Point, New York, until its disbandment. When the British Army evacuated New York City as a result of negotiations between George Washington and Sir Guy Carleton, Colonel Jackson had immediate command of the 800-man column that marched into New York City on November 25, 1783, under General Washington, to formally take possession of the city for the United States.


1st American Regiment (1783–1784), Disbandment of the Regiment
That the commanding officer be directed to discharge the several officers and soldiers now in the service of the United States, except 25 privates to guard the stores at Fort Pitt, and 55 to guard the stores at West Point and other magazines, with a proportionate number of officers; no officer to remain in service above the rank of a captain; those privates to be retained who are enlisted on the best terms; provided Congress, before its recess, shall not take other measures respecting the disposition of those troops.


1st American Regiment (1783–1784), Alexander Hamilton Battery
Captain Doughty received the brevet rank of major on September 30, 1783. He was the major of artillery appearing in the return submitted by General Knox.


1st American Regiment (1783–1784), Alexander Hamilton Battery
The Congressional resolve of June 2, 1784, caused Major Doughty's Artillery Company to continue in service, as his company was the unit retained. To his company belongs the distinction of being the only element of the Continental Army to continue in service after the war as an element of the United States Army.


1st American Regiment (1783–1784), Alexander Hamilton Battery
On the following day, June 3, 1784, the Continental Congress resolved to raise a new regiment, the First American Regiment of 1784-1791 (which exists today as the 3rd Infantry, a.k.a. "The Old Guard"), consisting of eight infantry companies and two artillery companies. Captain Doughty furnished the senior company.


1st American Regiment (1783–1784), Alexander Hamilton Battery
The 2d Artillery Company, First American Regiment, was raised in Pennsylvania and commanded by Captain Thomas Douglass, who had been an officer in Thomas Proctor's 4th Continental Artillery Regiment from April 1, 1777 to January 1, 1783 and served as a captain in the First American Regiment from August 1784 to October 1785.


1st American Regiment (1783–1784), Alexander Hamilton Battery
The organization of the United States Army changed frequently in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century; but on June 1, 1821, the company that had been commanded by Major Doughty in 1784 was designated Company "F," 4th United States Regiment of Artillery. The company retained this designation until 1901. The company received a different designation in that year and, in a further reorganization on May 31, 1907, it became Battery "D," 5th United States Field Artillery Regiment. The battery served in France in World War I as an element of the 1st Division, American Expeditionary Forces.


1st American Regiment (1783–1784), Alexander Hamilton Battery
On October 1, 1940, the battery became Battery "D," 5th Field Artillery Battalion. It served in North Africa and Europe in World War II. After a further period of reorganization, the unit was redesignated the 1st Rocket Howitzer Battalion, 5th Artillery, on April 20, 1960, and as the 1st Battalion, 5th Artillery (Alexander Hamilton Battery), on January 20, 1964.


1st American Regiment (1783–1784), Senior officers
The following is a list of officers of Jackson's Regiment, with the rank of captain or higher, which served from November 1783 to June 1784.


1st Amphibious Mechanized Infantry Division
The 1st Amphibious Combined Arms Brigade, formerly the 1st Amphibious Mechanized Infantry Division, is a military formation of the People's Liberation Army Ground Force of the People's Republic of China.


1st Amphibious Mechanized Infantry Division, History
The 1st Division (Chinese: 第1师) was created on February 1949 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 386th Brigade, 1st Column of the PLA Northwest Field Army. Its history can be traced to the 2nd Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, formed in July 1930.


1st Amphibious Mechanized Infantry Division, History
The division is part of 1st Corps (now 1st Army). Under the flag of 1st division it took part in the Chinese Civil War. In 1952 it absorbed the 3rd Division from the same Corps.


1st Amphibious Mechanized Infantry Division, History, Post war
In February 1953 the division entered Korea to took part in Korean War under the command of the Corps. Then in 1955, it was renamed as the 1st Infantry Division (Chinese: 步兵第1师). Since then it became a part of the People's Volunteer Army until 1958, where it moved to Kaifeng, Henan province with the Corps HQ. It was renamed again in 1960 as the 1st Army Division (Chinese: 陆军第1师).


1st Amphibious Mechanized Infantry Division, History, Post war
In January 1961 it became one of the first ten combat alert divisions of the army, which made it a "big" division under PLA glossaries, as a fully manned and equipped division. In 1962 the division was designated as a "Northern" unit, Catalogue A. the division was shortly moved to Fujian province for an emergency alert deployment with the Corps HQ. In 1968 the 206th Tank Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment was detached from the division and formed the later 41st Tank Regiment of the 11th Tank Division. The division was basically not affected during the army re-designation in December 1969.


1st Amphibious Mechanized Infantry Division, History, Post war
Its 301st Artillery Regiment was renamed as Artillery Regiment, 1st Army Division. In the 1970s the division then maintained as an Army Division, Catalogue A unit. In 1975 the division moved to Zhejiang Province with the Corps HQ to replace 20th Army Corps. Since then the division is stationed in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. In 1984 the division took part in the Battle of Laoshan with the Corps HQ. In 1985 the division was converted to a motorized division, renamed as the 1st Infantry Division (Chinese: 步兵第1师). The division then maintained as a Northern Motorized Infantry Division, Catalogue A unit. The Tank Regiment of 1st Army Corps attached to the division, and its Anti- Air Artillery Battalion expanded to a regiment.


1st Amphibious Mechanized Infantry Division, History, Current history (1998–present)
Between 1998 and 2000 the division was further converted to an amphibious mechanized division, renamed as the 1st Amphibious Mechanized Infantry Division (Chinese: 两栖机械化步兵第1师). In April 2017 the division was divided into two combined arms brigades: the 1st Amphibious Combined Arms Brigade (Chinese: 两栖合成第1旅) and the 5th Amphibious Combined Arms Brigade (Chinese: 两栖合成第5旅). The 1st was transferred to the 74th Group Army (formerly the 42nd Group Army), while the 5th was still under the 1st Group Army, which currently known as the 72nd Group Army.


1st Anniversary
1st Anniversary is the debut album by J-pop group Melon Kinenbi, containing their first eight singles, all released within their first year of operation. It was released on March 12, 2003. Its highest ranking on the Oricon weekly chart was #11.


1st Anniversary
The track "This Is Unmei" sold over 12,740 copies and reached #28 on the Oricon weekly chart.


1st Annual Awards.com Movie Awards
The 1st Annual Awards.com Movie Awards were held on January 23, 2011. The nominations were announced on January 8, 2011. The results were used by counting how many praises the nominee got on the nominated movie's Metacritic page. The ceremony took place on its home website, the independent database Awards.com.


1st Annual Grammy Awards
The 1st Annual Grammy Awards were held on May 4, 1959. They recognized musical accomplishments by performers for the year 1958. Two separate ceremonies were held simultaneously on the same day; the first hotel in Beverly Hills, California, and the second in the Park Sheraton Hotel in New York City. Ella Fitzgerald, Count Basie, Domenico Modugno, Ross Bagdasarian, and Henry Mancini, each won 2 awards.


1st Annual Grammy Awards, Award winners
The following awards were given in the first award ceremony:


1st Annual Latin Grammy Awards
The 1st Annual Latin Grammy Awards were held in Los Angeles at the Staples Center on Wednesday, September 13, 2000. The big winners were Luis Miguel, Santana and Maná with 3 awards; Juan Luis Guerra, Shakira, Fito Páez and Emilio Estefan Jr. received 2 awards each.


1st Annual Latin Grammy Awards
Winners were chosen by voting members of the Latin Academy from a list of finalists. The inaugural ceremony was broadcast live on CBS that year and was seen in more than 100 countries across the world. The two-hour show was the first bilingual broadcast ever to air on network television during prime time.


1st Annual Latin Grammy Awards, History
On January 20, 2000 the Latin Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences announced that the inaugural Latin Grammy Awards were going to take place on September 15, 2000 in Los Angeles and the awards ceremony would be broadcast in the United States by CBS, which will also distribute it to other countries. Nominations in 40 categories were to be released in August 2000.


1st Annual Latin Grammy Awards, History
The list of nominees for the 1st Annual Latin Grammy Awards, slated for September 13, 2000 in Los Angeles, was unveiled on Friday, July 7, 2000 in a Miami ceremony hosted by Michael Greene, President of the National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences.


1st Annual Latin Grammy Awards, History
Leading the chase for statuettes were Marc Anthony, Shakira and Fito Páez with five nominations each. Juan Luis Guerra, Carlos Vives, and Maná, garnered four nominations. Earning three nominations were Luis Miguel, along with La Ley. Ricky Martin earned for two nominations. Christina Aguilera, received a nod on the Latin side of the musical divide for the Spanish-language remake of "Genie in a Bottle" titled "Genio Atrapado". In addition to the awards, Emilio Estefan Jr. was honored as the Latin Academy's First Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year. That award was presented during a dinner on September 11, 2000 at the Beverly Hilton Hotel in Beverly Hills, California.


1st Annual Latin Grammy Awards, History
The awards were organized by the Latin Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences (LARAS), incorporated by NARAS in 1997. LARAS is a membership-based association of musicians, producers, engineers and other recording professionals. The list of final nominees revealed was a result of balloting by LARAS members.


1st Annual Latin Grammy Awards, History, Live telecast
The list of hosts for the first-ever Latin Grammy Awards, included Gloria Estefan, Antonio Banderas, Jimmy Smits, Andy García and Jennifer Lopez, who also was announced to perform her hit single "No Me Ames" with Marc Anthony, but Anthony (with six nominations that night) did not attend the show citing complications with his (then) wife's pregnancy.


1st Annual Latin Grammy Awards, History, Live telecast
Son By Four also were announced performing a duet with boy band 'N Sync, with some singing in Spanish by the American band.


1st Annual Latin Grammy Awards, History, Live telecast
The telecast kicked off with a tribute to the late Tito Puente featuring Ricky Martin, Celia Cruz, and Gloria Estefan. Performances throughout the show included Santana & Maná, 'N Sync & Son By Four, Christina Aguilera, Shakira, Miami Sound Machine and Alejandro Fernández.


1st Annual Latin Grammy Awards, History, Live telecast
The two-hour show was the first bilingual broadcast ever to air on network television during prime time. It was broadcast around the world, either simultaneously or live on tape.


1st Annual Latin Grammy Awards, History, Compilation album
On September 12, 2000 Sony Discos released the first "Latin Grammy Nominees CD" to coincide with the inaugural awards with nominees from three categories, Record of the Year, Best Female Pop Vocal Performance and Best Tropical Song, with a portion of the proceeds to support the Latin Academy Of Recording Arts and Sciences for community-outreach efforts. It was expected that various labels took turns releasing Latin Grammy sets each year.


1st Annual Latin Grammy Awards, History, Nominations and winners
The nominations were announced on July 7, 2000 and the winners were revealed on September 13, 2000, including Maná, Luis Miguel and Santana each grabbing three trophies at the event. Santana and Maná won Record of the Year for the track "Corazón Espinado" from Santana's album, Supernatural and the same track was honored for Rock Duo or Group with Vocal. Maná also won Best Pop Performance and Santana won Best Pop Instrumental. Amarte Es Un Placer, by Mexican pop singer Luis Miguel won Album of the Year, Best Pop Album and Best Male Pop Performance.


1st Annual Latin Grammy Awards, History, Nominations and winners
Marc Anthony's "Dímelo" picked up Song of the Year, and at age 73, Ibrahim Ferrer won Best New Artist. Emilio Estefan Jr., who was up for six honors, won only two awards: Producer of the Year and the Music Video award for directing his wife Gloria's "No Me Dejes de Querer". Meanwhile, Carlos Vives, also with six nominees, went home with no trophies. Tito Puente won posthumously for Traditional Tropical Performance for the title track from his final album, Mambo Birdland. His son and daughter accepted the award on his behalf. Winners were chosen by voting members of the Latin Academy from a list of finalists. The ceremony was broadcast live on CBS and was seen in more than 100 countries across the world.


1st Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Awards, General
Marc Anthony, Robert Blades, Angie Chirino and Cory Rooney – "Dímelo" (Marc Anthony)


1st Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Awards, Tropical
Celia Cruz – Celia Cruz and Friends: A Night of Salsa


1st Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Awards, Tropical
Juan Luis Guerra 440 – Ni Es Lo Mismo Ni Es Igual


1st Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Awards, Traditional
Lito Vitale and Juan Carlos Baglietto – Postales del Alma


1st Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Awards, Jazz
Michel Camilo and Tomatito – SpainPaquito D'Rivera – Tropicana Nights


1st Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Awards, Production
Carlos Álvarez, Mike Couzzi, Bolívar Gómez, Miguel Hernández, Luis Mansilla, Carlos Ordehl, Eric Ramos, July Ruiz, and Eric Schilling –  Ni Es Lo Mismo Ni Es Igual (Juan Luis Guerra)


1st Annual NFL Honors
The 1st annual installment of NFL Honors was an awards show presented by the National Football League to salute the best players and plays from the 2011 NFL season. The event was held at the Murat Theatre in Indianapolis, Indiana on February 4, 2012 and was hosted by Alec Baldwin. The show aired on NBC and recorded a 2.2 rating with 3.524 million viewers.


1st Annual NFL Honors, Gallery
The following is a gallery of the winners of the awards at the NFL Honors


1st Annual NFL Honors, Gallery
Cam Newton: The NFL Rookie of the Year and Offensive Rookie of the Year


1st Annual NFL Honors, Gallery
" Matthew Stafford: The NFL Comeback Player of the Year


1st Annual NFL Honors, Gallery
Randall Cobb: The winner of the Play of the Year Award for his 108-yard kickoff return in Week One


1st Annual Premios Odeón
The 1st Annual Premios Odeón was held on January 20, 2020 at the Teatro Real in Madrid. It was broadcast on Televisión Española at 10 p.m. CET. Nominations were revealed on December 19, 2019 during a press conference where they stated that "this award ceremony is considered the successor of the Premios Amigo and the Premios de la Música" which were canceled in 2007 and 2012 due to the Spanish economical crisis as well as the lack of strength of the Spanish musical industry. Thus, the fact that this award show were able to happen symbolizes the revival of the Spanish musical industry after a long period of weakness and irrelevance.


1st Annual Premios Odeón, Background
In December 2019 the Premios Odeón were announced in a press conference as the equivalent to the Grammy Awards in Spain. Thus, this award ceremony, organized by the Asociación de Gestión de Derechos Intelectuales (AGEDI). Nominations were announced on December 19 with Spanish singer-songwriter Rosalía leading nominations with seven. On January 17 it was announced that La 1 would broadcast the ceremony. The person responsible for the scenography was Suso33. Spanish humorist Quequé hosted the gala.


1st Annual Premios Odeón, Controversy
The ceremony was well organised even though many technical difficulties happened during its broadcast during presentations, monologues and musical performances. This pushed Radio Televisión Española to emit a communicate where they asked for explanations to the organizers of the Premios Odeón for technical errors: "The desire of the RTVE management team to promote and support music motivated the commitment to broadcast the Premios Odeón gala on January 20, on La 1, live and in the time slot maximum audience. Unfortunately, the result of this gala, held and produced by AGEDI, was very far from the quality standards that RTVE demands in its programs. RTVE Management regrets the inconvenience that these technical problems and mismatches produced in the audience and has requested explanations from the event organizers".


1st Annual Premios Odeón, Controversy
The Premios Odeón were also criticized for being quote "elitist" and in favor to the main multi-million dollar record labels. Most professionals highlighted the marginalization of independent artist or simply artists that do not belong to Universal or Sony Music. Awards like Best Live are not given to the artist with the best vocal ability but to the one who has sold more tickets over the past year, something that was very criticized.


1st Annual Premios Odeón, Nominees and winners
Song of the Year - presented by Andrés Ceballo and Nathy Peluso


1st Annual Premios Odeón, Nominees and winners
Album of the Year - presented by Laura Pausini and Pablo López


1st Annual Premios Odeón, Nominees and winners
Rosalía, J Balvin and El Guincho — "Con Altura" (by Director X)


1st Annual Premios Odeón, Nominees and winners
Best New Artist — presented by Álvaro Soler and Mala Rodríguez


1st Annual Premios Odeón, Nominees and winners
Best Female Artist — presented by Macaco and Niña Pastori


1st Annual Premios Odeón, Nominees and winners
Best Group — presented by Mikel Erentxun and Ariel Rot


1st Annual Premios Odeón, Nominees and winners
Best Latin Artist — presented by Ana Guerra and Carlos Baute


1st Annual Premios Odeón, Nominees and winners
Flamenco Album of the Year - presented by Paco León and Tomasito


1st Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival
The 1st Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival (Turkish: 1. Antalya Altın Portakal Film Festivali) was held from October 4 to 10, 1964 in Antalya, Turkey. It was initiated by Dr. Avni Tolunay, who had been patronising summer concerts and plays at the historical Aspendos Theatre since the mid-1950s and had become the mayor of Antalya the previous year. He also chose the orange as the symbol of the festival.


1st Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival
The festival, which had the stated aim "to support the sector of Turkish cinema in material and moral terms, to pave the way for Turkish cinema to be opened to the international platform by encouraging Turkish film producers to produce qualified productions," was held under what the official website describes as "difficult conditions" but generated "a great interest" nonetheless. Golden Oranges were awarded in seven categories to the six Turkish films made in the preceding year which were selected to compete in the festival's National Feature Film Competition.


1st Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival, National Feature Film Competition, Golden Orange Awards
The National Feature Film Competition Jury, headed by Dr. Avni Tolunay, awarded Golden Oranges in seven categories.


1st Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival, National Feature Film Competition, Official Selection
Six Turkish films made in the preceding year were selected to compete in the festival's National Feature Film Competition.


1st Anti-Aircraft Brigade (United Kingdom)
1st Anti - Aircraft Brigade (1st AA Bde) was an Air Defence formation of the British Army in World War II that served in the Battle of France and The Blitz. It then transferred in the Middle East, where it defended Eighth Army's lines of communication in the final phases of the North African Campaign.


1st Anti-Aircraft Brigade (United Kingdom), Origin
The brigade was created on 8 December 1920 at Blackdown Barracks, near Aldershot in Hampshire, when its first commander, Colonel Edward Ashmore was appointed. At first it was designated 1st Air Defence Brigade, then (because of confusion with the regimental-size artillery 'brigades') 1st Anti - Aircraft Group. It formed part of Aldershot Command and had the following composition:


1st Anti-Aircraft Brigade (United Kingdom), Origin
The Royal Garrison Artillery was merged into the Royal Artillery (RA) in 1923, and the RA adopted the designation 'regiment' instead of 'brigade' for its units in 1938, allowing the title of brigade to be used solely at the more usual formation level. 1st AA Group therefore became 1st AA Brigade.


1st Anti-Aircraft Brigade (United Kingdom), Mobilisation
On the outbreak of war on 3 September 1939, 1st AA Bde had the following composition:


1st Anti-Aircraft Brigade (United Kingdom), Battle of France
The brigade proceeded to France with the British Expeditionary Force (BEF). The two AA regiments were each equipped with 16 obsolescent 3-inch guns and eight of the newer 3.7-inch heavy AA (HAA) guns. 54th (Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders) Light Anti- Aircraft Regiment, RA (a Territorial Army (TA) unit) joined by November 1939 (less one of its batteries). It was equipped with 12 x 40 mm Bofors Guns and 12 x Vickers 2-pounders, but left to become a Corps unit before the end of the Phoney War. In January 1940, 1st AA Battalion was transferred from the Royal Engineers to the Royal Artillery as 1st Searchlight Regiment and joined 5th Searchlight Brigade. Lieutenant-Colonel E.D. Milligan was promoted from 6th AA Regiment to command the brigade.


1st Anti-Aircraft Brigade (United Kingdom), Battle of France
When the Battle of France opened on 10 May 1940, 1st AA Bde was attached to General Headquarters BEF, with the following composition:


1st Anti-Aircraft Brigade (United Kingdom), Battle of France
1st AA Brigade's role was to cover corps assembly areas and the routes used by the BEF to advance into Belgium. When the German Army broke through, forcing the BEF to begin withdrawing again, the AA batteries gave cover leap-frog fashion. Soon they were sucked into the ground battle, split into sub-units to join rearguard actions or moved back from one key point to another. The brigade commander and his staff had no radio net and could only keep in touch by motor vehicle, and all the roads were choked with refugees.