1st Massachusetts Regiment
The regiment would see action at the Battle of Bunker Hill. When the army was reorganized at the end of 1775 the regiment was designated the 15th Continental Regiment, and in 1777 it was designated the 1st Massachusetts Regiment (but was also referred to as Vose's Regiment after its colonel, Joseph Vose).


1st Massachusetts Regiment, 1776 reorganization
The remnants of Paterson's Regiment (less Morse's and Watkin's companies) and Sayer's and Sullivan's companies of Scammon's Regiment were combined on 1 January 1776 to form eight companies designated as the 15th Continental Regiment, which was assigned to the brigade of William Heath. On 24 January 1776 the regiment was reassigned to an unnamed brigade in the main Continental Army. On 16 February 1776 this brigade was designated as Frye's Brigade and on 15 April 1776 the brigade was reassigned to the Canadian Department. The regiment was then reassigned to Reed's Brigade of the Northern Department on 20 July 1776. On 11 August 1776 this brigade was redesignated as Paterson's Brigade. On 26 November 1776 the regiment was reassigned to St. Clair's Brigade of the main Continental Army.


1st Massachusetts Regiment, 1777 reorganization
On 1 January 1777 the 15th Continental Regiment was joined by two companies of the 18th Continental Regiment and two companies of the 6th Continental Regiment and re-organized as eight companies, known as Vose's, or the 1st Massachusetts Regiment. The regiment was reassigned to the Northern Department on 9 February 1777. On 13 March 1777 the regiment was assigned to the Highlands Department (which guarded the area around West Point, New York, and assigned to McDougall's Brigade on 12 June 1777 and three days later 15 June 1777 was assigned to 2nd Connecticut Brigade of the Highlands Department.


1st Massachusetts Regiment, 1777 reorganization
On 10 July 1777 the regiment was reassigned to the 2nd Massachusetts Brigade. This brigade was reassigned to the Northern department on 24 July 1777. On 7 November 1777 the brigade was reassigned to the main Continental Army. On 22 July 1778 the regiment was reassigned to the Eastern Department and re-organized to nine companies on 1 April 1779 and on 7 July 1779 the brigade was reassigned to the Highland's Department and was redesignated as the 1st Massachusetts Regiment on 1 August 1779.


1st Massachusetts Regiment, 1779-1783
On 1 August 1779 the regiment was in the 2nd Massachusetts Brigade in the Highland Department. On 1 January 1781 the regiment was reassigned to the 1st Massachusetts Brigade in the Highland Department and was disbanded on 3 November 1783 at West Point, New York. Its lineage is carried on by the U.S. 104th Infantry Regiment.


1st May, Tver Oblast
1st May (Russian: 1-е Мая, romanized: Pervoye Maya) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Pervomayskoye Rural Settlement of Konakovsky District, Russia. The population was 694 as of 2008.


1st May, Tver Oblast, Geography
The settlement is located on the Soz River, 45 km north of Konakovo (the district's administrative centre) by road.


1st Mechanical Kansas Militia
The 1st Kansas Mechanical Militia was a constitutional militia based in Kansas, United States. The group became known for openly campaigning for war against the federal government of the United States and claiming that Chinese communist troops were training on American soil. It is unknown if the group is still active.


1st Mechanical Kansas Militia, Activities and failed attacks
The group was led by Bradley Glover, a conspiracy theorist. The Militia itself claimed to have around 1000 members. The group maintained contact with other anti-government groups and individuals such as Kevin and Terry Hobeck from Ohio, Ronald Griesacker from the Republic of Texas Militia Group, and Merlon "Butch" Lingenfelter, Jr., a longtime follower of the UFO phenomenon. Two FBI agents infiltrated and observed the group. Glover and others wanted to attack the 4th of July Independence Day celebrations of 1997 at Fort Hood. Glover and Michael Dorsett were arrested in July 16. Seven men and women arrested during the month of July had planned to use antipersonnel bombs and other weapons at bases where they believed United Nations troops were stationed, said Lt. Richard Coffey of the Missouri Highway Patrol. They were initially charged with possession of illegal weapons.


1st Mechanical Kansas Militia, Activities and failed attacks
The FBI investigation and the work of the Missouri State Highway Patrol prevented the attack. Glover was sentenced to five years in prison. The group was also known as 7th Division Constitutional Militia, Kansas Militia, Southern Kansas Regional Militia, Southern Kansas Regional Militia (suspected), First Kansas Mechanized Infantry (suspected)


1st Mechanised Brigade (France)
The 1st Mechanised Brigade (French: 1re Brigade Mécanisée, 1re BM) was one of the mechanized units of the Commandement des Forces Terrestres of the French Army. Created on 1 July 1999, as heir to the 1st Armored Division, the brigade was dissolved on 21 July 2015. Before the dissolution, formations reached 4000 men and women and the general staff headquarters of the brigade was garrisoned at Châlons-en-Champagne.


1st Mechanised Brigade (France)
The 1st Division was recreated in 2016 within the cadre of the reorganization of the French Army.


1st Mechanised Brigade (France), Motto
The motto, Nomine et Virtute Prima literary means "First by name and valor". The choice of the insignia, the cross of Saint Louis by général Jean Touzet du Vigier, comes from the place of formation of the unit, Tunisia, where King Louis IX of France came to rest in 1270.


1st Mechanised Brigade (France), History
The 1st Armoured Division was dissolved with the reorganisation of the French Army in 1999, and the dissolution of the French Forces in Germany FFA. The division's honours and traditions are carried on with the formation of the 1st Mechanised Brigade in Châlons-en-Champagne.


1st Mechanised Brigade (France), History
The brigade was strong with 4000 men and women. The brigade was engaged on the ensemble of exterior theatres operations with an average of 3500 soldiers on average per year: Afghanistan, Lebanon, Guyana, Kosovo, Ivory Coast, Tchad and Senegal.


1st Mechanised Brigade (France), History
The 1st Mechanised Brigade was dissolved on 21 July 2015.


1st Mechanised Brigade (France), Organization
The brigade consists of at least 5000 personnel in 5 regiments and 3 brigade units.


1st Mechanised Division (Poland)
The 1st "Warsaw" Mechanised Division (Polish: 1 Warszawska Dywizja Zmechanizowana) was a mechanized infantry formation of the Polish Land Forces that existed from 1955 until September 1, 2011. During this entire period, the division was headquartered in Legionowo. The unit stood down in 2011 as a result of reorganizations in the Polish Army.


1st Mechanised Division (Poland)
The division was formed in 1955 on the basis of the 1st Infantry Division of the Polish People's Army. This precursor division had existed since 1943 and saw service on the Eastern Front of the Second World War as a Soviet-controlled allied formation, part of the Polish Armed Forces in the East.


1st Mechanised Division (Poland), Structure
The 1955 reorganization equipped the division with armored personnel carriers and medium tanks. The division was initially structured and quartered as:


1st Mechanised Division (Poland), Structure
After the fall of communism in Poland, the units of the army were organized to reflect NATO practice. Thus, by 2009, the division was structured and quartered as:


1st Mechanised Division (Poland), Structure
The division provided cadres for rotations V and IX for the Polish component of Multi-National Division Central South.


1st Mechanised Division (Poland), Structure
Notably, under the 2009 organization, the units of the division were geographically much farther from one another than the original deployments of 1955.


1st Mechanised Division (Poland), Structure
For most of this period, the division was subordinated to the Warsaw Military District. As part of ongoing reorganization of the Polish Army, the 1st Mechanised Division stood down on September 1, 2011.


1st Mechanised Division (Poland), Sources
This article is based on the Polish Wikipedia article of the same name as it existed on October 30, 2011.


1st Mechanized Battalion (Croatia)
The 1st Mechanized Battalion "Sokolovi" (Lit: Falcons) (Croatian: 1. mehanizirana bojna "Sokolovi") is one of two mechanized infantry battalions within the Armoured Mechanized Guard Brigade (GOMBR) of the Croatian Army.


1st Mechanized Battalion (Croatia), History
Established in its current form, following the reorganisation of the Croatian Armed Forces in 2007, the 1st Mechanized Battalion was created with the merging of the 3rd Guards Brigade "Kune" and 5th Guards Brigade "Sokolovi".


1st Mechanized Battalion (Croatia), Organisation
Garrisoned at 132nd Brigade barracks in Našice in eastern Croatia, the battalion comprises three mechanized infantry companies, a command company, a logistics company and a fire support company.


1st Mechanized Battalion (Croatia), Operations
In the past, members of the 1st Mechanized Battalion have deployed members in support of the NATO ISAF mission in Afghanistan, as part of the Croatian Contingent (HRVCON), and to the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) mission in the Golan Heights.


1st Mechanized Battalion (Croatia), Equipment
The 1st Mechanized Battalion is equipped with armoured vehicles and various infantry weapons of Yugoslav origin.


1st Mechanized Brigade (Romania)
The 1st Mechanized Brigade "Argedava" (Brigada 1 Mecanizată "Argedava") is a brigade of the Romanian Land Forces. It was initially formed as the 34th Infantry Regiment, and named after the Moldavian Voivode Vasile Lupu.


1st Mechanized Brigade (Romania)
The brigade is considered the best and most modern infantry brigade in the Romanian Land Forces; its headquarters are located in Bucharest. The 1st Brigade has two paratroop companies in its subordination. The structural reorganization process of the unit was completed in 2010.


1st Mechanized Cavalry Brigade
The 1st Mechanized Cavalry Brigade (1st Brigade C Mec), is one of the mechanized brigades of the Brazilian Army. Its headquarters is located in the city of Santiago, in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is part of the Brazilian Army 3rd Division, based in the city of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. Also known by its historical designation - Brigade José Luiz Menna Barreto.


1st Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)
The 1st Mechanized Corps was a mechanized corps of the Red Army during World War II, formed twice.


1st Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union), World War II, 1st Formation
Initially formed in March 1940 it was attached to the Leningrad Military District, and held in reserve near the Pskov Fortified Region. It was under the command of Major General Mikhail Chernyavsky when the German Operation Barbarossa began in June 1941. It initially comprised the 1st and 3rd Tank Divisions, and the 168th Mechanized Division. On 22 June 1941, 1st Mechanized Corps consisted 31,439 Men, 1037 Tanks, 239 Armored Cars, 148 Artillery Pieces, 146 Mortars, 4730 Vehicles, 246 Tractors & 467 Motorcycles including lighter models T-26, Bt 7, & T-28's.


1st Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union), World War II, 1st Formation
After the invasion began the Leningrad Military District was renamed Northern Front, Commanded by Lieutenant General Markian M. Popov. The front fielded 14th, 7th Armies, 23rd Armies, the 65th Rifle Corps & the Leningrad Military District forces including the 2nd Division of NKVD troops. The 1st Mechanized Corps was heavily engaged in the first battles of Operation Barbarossa, particularly during the Baltic Operation (1941).


1st Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union), World War II, 1st Formation
On 29 June 1941 the 1st Mechanized Corps was ordered to reinforce new defenses anchored on the Velikaya River near Ostrov on the former Stalin Line after the spectacular advances by Georg-Hans Reinhardt's XLI Panzer Corps which had crossed the Daugava River. However it was unable to hold the line. On 11 July 1941 Col P Poluboiarov, Northwestern Front armoured directorate reported that the 1st Mechanized Corps had at the present moment fewer than 100 Tanks remaining. Pskov and Ostrov were captured within weeks & Leningrad invested.


1st Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union), World War II, 1st Formation
On 2 August 1941 Colonel Limarenko, Chief of Staff of the 1st Mechanized Corps reported that the Corps 'possessed no T-34 or Kv-1s when sent into action 20 were delivered only after combat began. The 1st Mechanized Corps was disbanded in August 1941, although 1st Tank Division remained in 14th Army.


1st Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union), Cold War
In 1946, the corps became the 1st Mechanized Division. The division became the 19th Motor Rifle Division in Olympisches Dorf as part of the 2nd Guards Tank Army. In June 1964, it was subordinated to the 20th Guards Army. On 1 January 1965, it became the 35th Motor Rifle Division. On 22 February 1968, the division was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. In May 1983, it relocated to Krampnitz. In May 1989, the 219th Tank Regiment was moved to the Soviet Union and disbanded. It was replaced by the 32nd Guards Tank Division's 69th Motor Rifle Regiment. During the Cold War, the division was maintained at full strength. In December 1991, the division moved to Chebarkul and became part of the Volga–Urals Military District. The division was disbanded in April 1992.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia)
The 1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade as a higher joint-tactical unit represents a major combat force of the North Macedonian army that provides prepared forces for protection and support of national interests and provides support during natural disasters, epidemics and other dangers. Outside the territory of the Republic of North Macedonia, the declared units are participating in peacekeeping operations and they fulfill the international military responsibilities.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), History
The 14th MMNABr  set off on 18 September, immediately after its formation, via village Budinarci to stop the advance of the fascists troops towards Vinica.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), History
The next task of the brigade was to liberate Kochani. After that it preceded its movement towards Kochani – Shtip – Sveti Nikole. Later during the war it was engaged in the operation of liberating Skopje as well as fighting the enemy forces in the direction of Tetotvo. On 12 January 1945 it participated fighting on the Sremski Front in the area between Shid and the river Danube when it suffered the biggest losses.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), History
On 26 May it operated near Celje – Slovenia and on its way back it took part in the battles on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. On 15 June 1945 it entered Skopje with a parade march and ended its famous combat career. 423 members of the brigade gave their lives fighting against the fascists’ forces.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), History
The 1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade is the successor of this famous unit and it carries out its tradition. The 1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade is directly connected with the formation of the Army of the independent Republic of North Macedonia. The first servicemen in ARM were from this unit. During the past years the brigade went through a process of transformation and now it is defined as a small, modern, mobile and professional unit prepared to cope with all the challenges of the modern time.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), History
The personnel and the units of the 1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade have participated at many courses, seminars, military exercises and international peace keeping missions in country and abroad. The gained knowledge was implemented in the preparation of the personnel to take part in the peace keeping missions in Afghanistan, Iraq, Bosnian and Lebanon.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), History
The first biggest contingent from this brigade (sized an infantry company) was deployed to the ISAF mission in Afghanistan. The same unit has successfully participated in military exercises "Macedonian Flash" 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 and has conducted NATO self-evaluation level 1 and level 2 according to NATO concept for operational abilities.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), History
On 18 August 2007 the Brigade was awarded a "Decoration for merit" given by the President of the Republic of North Macedonia.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), Missions
Within the peace keeping mission ISAF in Afghanistan our unit has participated with two rotations (January and July). During an ongoing mission a preparations for the next mission are conducted. We have participated in ISAF with a Mechanized Infantry Company for securing the base and the staff personnel. The whole personnel of these units are under JOC operative command.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), Missions
The benefit ARM gained from the participation in ISAF mission is that the lessons learned will be used in the future. For a country with modest economics capacity, as North Macedonia is, to have highly trained and professional soldiers, who in the last five years, have greatly contributed to the image of the ISAF mission and the Alliance is a great honor. North Macedonia and its citizens are proud of the ARM servicemen who are not only the guards of the state sovereignty, but are ambassadors of the peace together with their NATO colleagues who have contributed to the development of the democracy in Afghanistan.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), Structure, 1st Mechanized Infantry Battalion "Scorpions"
Mission:To conduct offensive and defensive operations for defense and security of the territorial integrity and sovereignty of North Macedonia ;To cooperate with MIA in securing the borders;To support the civilian authorities dealing with the consequences of the natural disasters and catastrophes;To take part in peace support missions and humanitarian missions abroad.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), Structure, 1st Mechanized Infantry Battalion "Scorpions"
Tasks:To prepare for combat tasks;Tactical march;To take firing positionTo prepare for level 2 NATO assessment  according to the concept for operational capability;Tactical movement;To conduct defense tasks;To conduct attacks;Tasks for fighting against sabotage terroristic groups;To take part in peace keeping missions.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), Structure, 1st Mechanized Infantry Battalion "Scorpions"
The 1st Mechanized Infantry battalion as part of the 1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade located in Shtip started operating in Kumanovo in September 2000 under the name "Homour and Strength" land is located in Kristijan Todorovki Karposh barracks. Major Joco Micev was appointed a commander of the battalion and his deputy was Captain 1st class Sinisha Stamenov. Later, Major Sinisha Stamenov becomes a commander and his deputy was Major Ljupcho Dimitrov. From 2005 our unit conducts tasks in Kumanovo garrison and has established cooperation with local government of town Kumanovo and many private and state subjects. Many awards and plaques are evident of this fruitful cooperation.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), Structure, 2nd Mechanized Infantry Battalion "Scorpions"
Mission:To conduct offensive and defensive operations in order to protect the integrity and sovereignty of the territory North Macedonia;To cooperate with MIA in the area of border guard;To support civilian government when alleviating the aftermaths of natural and other disasters;To support peacekeeping operations and humanitarian operations out of R. of North Macedonia;Combat readiness level has been reached and maintained making progress in many areas, primarily training and preparing for TELA;Battalion units have completely reached the necessary combat readiness level.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), Structure, 2nd Mechanized Infantry Battalion "Scorpions"
Tasks:Personnel physical readiness;Firearms training of individuals and units;Training according to BMP;Specialized –professional training;Personnel training for peacekeeping missions participation;English language training.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), Structure, 2nd Mechanized Infantry Battalion "Scorpions"
2nd Mechanized Infantry Battalion was formed in 1996 under the name of "Scorpions" as a unit of the 11th Infantry Brigade. Since it was formed up to present moment the battalion has taken part in 24 international exercises organized by NATO PfP countries. It contributed with personnel and technique and represented ARM and Republic of North Macedonia.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), Structure, 3rd Mechanized Infantry Battalion "Leopards"
Mission:To prepare and organize the defence and protection of the territorial integrity and sovereignty and independence of the Republic of North Macedonia. To  assist, within it area of operation, the MIA during operations if the security of the country is endangered. To support the state authorities, the local government and various institutions and organizations as well as the citizens when dealing with natural disasters, epidemics, technical and technological catastrophes in its area of operation. To take part in peace keeping missions and conflicts prevention NATO, UN, OSCE and EU led activities. To contribute to dealing with regional conflicts and crises as well as to protect the wider interests of the North Macedonia.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), Structure, 3rd Mechanized Infantry Battalion "Leopards"
Tasks:To alert, move, transport and rapidly deploy the units to places, areas  and regionsTo plan, organize and conduct offensive and defensive operations and urban area operationsTo control the territory, to seal directions and to secure regionsTo give combat-service supports to the units in peace time, during crisis and warTo conduct command and controlTo support MIA when dealing with threats, risks and dangers for the security of the North MacedoniaTo support the state authorities and local government units when dealing with natural disasters, epidemics and technical and technological catastrophesTo take part in peace keeping missions and conflicts prevention missions abroad and to protect wider interests of RMTo plan and conduct personnel and commands training according to NATO standards and procedures and to fully implement the system for training management, to develop leaders – training instructors.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), Structure, 4th Mechanized Infantry Battalion "Leopards"
Mission:To prepare and organize the defence and protection of the territorial integrity and sovereignty and independence of the North Macedonia. To  assist, within it area of operation, the MIA during operations if the security of the country is endangered. To support the state authorities, the local government and various institutions and organizations as well as the citizens when dealing with natural disasters, epidemics, technical and technological catastrophes in its area of operation. To take part in peace keeping missions and conflicts prevention NATO, UN, OSCE and EU led activities. To contribute to dealing with regional conflicts and crises as well as to protect the wider interests of North Macedonia.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), Structure, 4th Mechanized Infantry Battalion "Leopards"
Tasks:To alert, move, transport and rapidly deploy the units to places, areas  and regionsTo plan, organize and conduct offensive and defensive operations and urban area operationsTo control the territory, to seal directions and to secure regionsTo give combat-service supports to the units in peace time, during crisis and warTo conduct command and controlTo support MIA when dealing with threats, risks and dangers for the security of the Republic of North MacedoniaTo support the state authorities and local government units when dealing with natural disasters, epidemics and technical and technological catastrophesTo take part in peace keeping missions and conflicts prevention missions abroad and to protect wider interests of RM


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), Structure, 4th Mechanized Infantry Battalion "Leopards"
To plan and conduct personnel and commands training according to NATO standards and procedures and to fully implement the system for training management, to develop leaders – training instructors.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), Structure, Artillery Battalion
Mission:To prepare its fire support forces for the units of the 1st mib, for defense and protection of the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the Republic of North Macedonia in all weather and field conditions, preparation of the declared unit habt 105 mm for operations in support of peace and prevention of conflicts and crises in operations led by NATO, UN, OSCE, EU and other international alliances and to contribute to the protection of the wider interests of the Republic of North Macedonia.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), Structure, Artillery Battalion
Tasks:Alerting the unit and taking possession of areas and positionsTactical Movement and taking possession of fire positions and areasCoordination of the fire support and artillery fire managementConducting and maintaining command and controlImplementation of combat supportPerforming mobilization and rapid integration of the active membersPreparation of the declared unitProviding support to the government, the local government units, the citizens and the non-governmental organizations and institutions in dealing with natural disasters and epidemics – technical technological and other disastersPlanning and carrying out training to achieve NATO standards.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), Structure, Artillery Battalion
The Artillery Battalion is a unit which in its composition has a high percentage of functional technique, excellent professionals, impeccable command and vast experience that affirms this unit in all areas of training, operations and execution of assigned tasks.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), Structure, Armor Battalion
Mission:To train and prepare the soldiers, officers and units for defense and protection of the territorial integrity, independence and sovereignty of the Republic of North Macedonia, from all possible threats, as well as in dealing with natural disasters or other accidents. Applying the standards and following an order issued by the 1st Mechanized Infantry Battalion to perform marching and carry out mobile, combined, defense and attack operations in the area of responsibility.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), Structure, Armor Battalion
Tasks:Planned, organized and on-time operational development and maneuver. Occupation of the planned locations and regions. Organization and carrying out of tactical exercise on the level of a platoon, a company and a battalion. Preparation and training of the forces to provide help in case of natural disasters or other accidents. Securing facilities of strategic importance.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), Structure, Armor Battalion
With the new formation of the Army of the Republic of North Macedonia on 19 December 2011 the Armor Battalion T-55 was reformed and the T-72 "A" Armour Battalion was formed under the command of GS of ARM. The new battalion consisted of 31 T-72 tanks and 11-OT BMP engaging 147 officers and professional soldiers.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), Structure, Engineer Battalion
Mission:Prepared to give engineer support to the commands and units of ARM. Prepared to cooperate with the units of the MoI  in crisis situations, gives support to the civil authorities in case of disasters and other  crisis, as well as provides support  to help authorities deal with consequences of natural disasters and armed conflicts.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), Structure, Engineer Battalion
Tasks:Plans, organises and conducts engineer reconnaissance,Performs tactical march,Maintains the facilities for protection and carries out activities for the needs of the commands and units of ARM,Prepares and eliminates smaller explosive obstacles and prepares and deals with artificial  obstacles,Secures the movement and maneuver of the Combat Service Support units (CSS),Prepares and eliminates smaller explosive obstacles and eliminates artificial obstacles in cooperation with MOI units in case of crisis,Conducts humanitarian and logistic operations supporting the civil authorities in case of danger and helps them  deal with the consequences of natural disasters and armed conflicts,Assists civil authorities in reconstructing infrastructure damaged during natural disasters and armed conflicts.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), Structure, NBC Protection Company
Mission:To provide a high level of training and combat readiness in peacetime and alertness for organization and execution of tasks for NBC protection support for the Forces and their need for rapid reaction in all conditions.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), Structure, NBC Protection Company
To prepare and execute mobilization of the reserve forces and reach full readiness for  organization and execution of tasks for NBC protection support  for the needs of the  Forces under the command of the 1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade in performing combat tasks in assigned areas.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), Structure, NBC Protection Company
Tasks:Providing a high level of training of officers, soldiers and the unit as a whole to perform purpose oriented tasks in peace and in war;Training and exercising overall unit composition in the procedures of signal alarm;Training and exercising overall unit composition in the procedures of moving in a region undertaking all combat security measures;Execution of tactical actions and procedures by the NBC reconnaissance units while organizing and conducting NBC protection control;Execution of tactical actions and procedures by the NBC decontamination units while organizing and conducting NC decontamination of personnel, weapons, technical assets, motor vehicles, land and buildings.


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), Structure, Signal Company
Mission:The Signal Company establishes all connections scheduled for the needs of the 1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade under the Signal Plan "BRAN".


1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (North Macedonia), Structure, Signal Company
History:The signal company is part of the 1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade and is located in the barracks "N.H. - Petrovec". Its beginning was in September 2000 in the barracks "Jane Sandanski" - Shtip where it becomes a part of 1st Infantry Brigade (1st IB) under the motto "Honor and Strength". First commander of the brigade was Captain Zoranco Trenev, who after several years with the transformation in 1st infantry brigade into 1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade (1st MIB) in March 2006 was replaced by the next company commander Captain Zoran Aleksov.


1st Medical Battalion
1st Medical Battalion is a unit of the United States Marine Corps operated by the United States Navy that provides expeditionary Health Service Support to Marine Corps forces forward deployed to operations or humanitarian missions. The unit is based out of Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton and falls under the command of 1st Marine Logistics Group.


1st Medical Battalion, Mission
Provides expeditionary health service support to the operating units of the First Marine Expeditionary Force to preserve and save every life and support the war fighting capability of the MEF.


1st Medical Battalion, Subordinate units
Each lettered Surgical Company consists of 4 Surgical Platoons that provide Role II Light Maneuver capabilities consisting of command and control, damage control resuscitation, damage control surgery, limited patient holding, radiology, laboratory and blood banking capabilities and MEDEVAC personnel and equipment. Typically, the Surgical Companies and Surgical Platoons are task organized to support the full range of Special Purpose Marine Air Ground Task Force units.


1st Medical Battalion, History, 1940 - 1941
ACTIVATED 06 SEPTEMBER 1940 AT QUANTICO, VIRGINIA, AS THE 1ST MEDICAL BATTALION AND ASSIGNED TO THE 1ST MARINE BRIGADE


1st Medical Battalion, History, 1940 - 1941
RELOCATED DURING APRIL 1941 TO QUANTICO, VIRGINIA, AND PARRIS ISLAND, SOUTH CAROLINA


1st Medical Battalion, History, 1942 - 1947
DEPLOYED DURING JUNE - JULY 1942 TO WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND


1st Medical Battalion, History, 1942 - 1947
PARTICIPATED IN THE OCCUPATION OF NORTH CHINA, SEPTEMBER 1945 - MAY 1947


1st Medical Battalion, History, 1947 - 1964
REACTIVATED 16 JULY 1947 AT CAMP PENDLETON, CALIFORNIA, AND ASSIGNED TO THE 1ST MARINE DIVISION, FLEET MARINE FORCE


1st Medical Battalion, History, 1947 - 1964
PARTICIPATED IN THE KOREAN WAR, SEPTEMBER 1950 - JULY 1953, OPERATING FROM


1st Medical Battalion, History, 1947 - 1964
PARTICIPATED IN THE DEFENSE OF THE KOREAN DEMILITARIZED ZONE, JULY 1953 - APRIL 1955


1st Medical Battalion, History, 1965 - 1993
PARTICIPATED IN THE WAR IN VIETNAM, MARCH 1966 - APRIL 1971, OPERATING FROM


1st Medical Battalion, History, 1965 - 1993
PLACED UNDER THE OPERATIONAL CONTROL OF THE 1ST FORCE SERVICE SUPPORT GROUP, FLEET MARINE FORCE, ON 30 MARCH 1976


1st Medical Battalion, History, 1965 - 1993
PARTICIPATED IN OPERATIONS DESERT SHIELD AND DESERT STORM, SOUTHWEST ASIA, AUGUST 1990 - APRIL 1991


1st Medical Battalion, History, 1965 - 1993
PARTICIPATED IN OPERATION RESTORE HOPE, SOMALIA, DECEMBER 1992 - JANUARY 1993


1st Medical Battalion, Honors and awards
PRESIDENTIAL UNIT CITATION STREAMER WITH ONE SILVER AND TWO BRONZE STARS


1st Medical Battalion, Honors and awards
ASIATIC-PACIFIC CAMPAIGN STREAMER WITH ONE SILVER AND ONE BRONZE STAR


1st Medical Brigade (United States)
The 1st Medical Brigade is a medical brigade of the United States Army. It is located at Fort Hood, Texas, providing health care and medical services to the Fort Hood community, and continuing training in its combat support mission.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, World War I
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Army.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, World War I
The 1st Sanitary Train, as originally organized, was composed of two battalions—one motorized and one animal drawn. The companies of the battalions had all been raised well before the start of the war, and were assembled as an organization upon arrival in France. Each battalion was composed of two field hospital companies and two ambulance companies.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, World War I
The first elements of the train—composed of ambulance company 6 (later renumbered 13) and field hospital company 6 (later renumbered 13) began movement to Hoboken, New Jersey, where they embarked for Europe on 14 June 1917, arriving in the port of St. Nazaire on 26 June. On 13 August, field hospital companies 2 and 12 and ambulance companies 2 and 12 landed on 1 and 3 September in Liverpool, England, and later moved to La Harve.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, World War I
On 1 December field hospital company 3 departed Fort Bliss, Texas and ambulance company 3 departed Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia, sailed from Hoboken on 5 December, and arrived at St. Nazaire on 22 December, among the last elements of the 1st Division to arrive in France. The 1st Sanitary Train was assembled, finally, in the Gondrecourt training area, where the division trained for combat operations.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, World War I
The table of organization for a sanitary train called for a total of 927 officers and men. Each ambulance company had 12 ambulances; the animal drawn companies each had 70 mules to pull their ambulances, as well as 24 riding horses. Each field hospital company could hold 236 patients, although it was authorized no nurses; the animal drawn field hospital companies also had 30 mules and 22 riding horses each. In column, the sanitary train stretched for 1,160 yards—more than half a mile.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, World War I, Sommerville Sector
Ambulance Company 13 of the 1st Sanitary Train was the only American ambulance company operational in the Sommerville sector and furnished litter bearers for duty in the trenches, evacuating patients to Field Hospital 13 (like the ambulance company, an organic unit of the 1st Sanitary Train) and from it to Base Hospital 18 at Bazoilles-sur-Meuse, and to Camp Hospital 1 at Gondrecourt. It did not establish a dressing station, as patients were moved direct by litters and by vehicles from the battalion aid stations to the field hospital. Because of road conditions near the front, the ambulance company's collecting point was some distance in the rear of the aid stations, so the wounded were carried through the trenches to the battalion aid stations and then back an additional 3 km to the collecting point at Bathelemont.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, World War I, Sommerville Sector
Field Hospital 13 was the only field hospital established for the 1st Division in the Somerville sector. Half of it, including X-ray and other necessary equipment, was located in a residence and two pavilions at Einville; the other half was in part of a hospital at Dombasle. As the base and camp hospitals to which this hospital was to evacuate were 81 km to the rear by road, patients were retained with the portion of Field Hospital 13 at Einville.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, World War I, Ansauville Sector
The division surgeon's office, headquarters of the sanitary train, and headquarters of the train's field hospital and ambulance sections were at Menil-la-Tour. Medical Department personnel established an aid station at each regimental headquarters and battalion aid stations in battalion areas. The most advanced battalion aid stations were located in dugouts at Seicheprey. Because the village was under direct enemy observation and was shelled frequently, patients had to be evacuated at night, when ambulances could travel the road from Beaumont.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, World War I, Ansauville Sector
Evacuation to the regimental aid stations often required that patients be carried a kilometer or more through trenches which often were knee deep in mud and water. Patients were usually suffering from disease, although a moderate number of men suffering from shell wounds, and on occasion a fairly large number of chemical casualties.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, World War I, Ansauville Sector
Infantry regimental aid stations were first established Beaumont and Mandres, but on 1 March the station Mandres moved to Bouconville. The aid stations at Beaumont and Bouconville were in basements of partially destroyed buildings and were made provided additional protection from indirect fire using logs, sandbags, and stone. The road between Beaumont and Mandres was especially dangerous, as it was shelled day and night, causing many casualties.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, World War I, Ansauville Sector
The regimental aid station of the 16th Infantry at Mandres had at first functioned also as a dressing station, but on 1 March 1918, this service was taken over by Ambulance Company 2, until they, in turn, were relieved by Ambulance Company 3 on 27 March. The station treated chemical casualties as well as other cases and to a limited degree acted as a triage point. It was on the axial road and occupied a building whose walls had been protected by thick sandbags, but occasionally when receiving indirect fire it utilized a dugout which it had constructed nearby.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, World War I, Ansauville Sector
Ambulance Company 13 operated ambulances from Menil-la-Tour and provided litter bearers to forward units until relieved by Ambulance Company 12 on 21 March 1918. That ambulance company, augmented by vehicles from other companies, maintained headquarters and an ambulance park at Menil-la-Tour, dispatching ambulances to the dressing station at Mandres and to forward units. Other ambulances were attached to unit aid stations at important points in rear areas of the sector.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, World War I, Ansauville Sector
Evacuation Ambulance Company 1 from the Services of Supply maintained two ambulances at Field Hospital 13 for evacuation to Sebastopol, where twenty ambulances were available for use during periods of heavy casualties.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, World War I, Ansauville Sector
The different ambulance circuits, in forward and rear areas, were established for dealing with battle casualties, with a third circuit for the routine sick. The front circuit was maintained by Ford ambulances working forward from Mandres and returning to deliver patients to the dressing station there. Pertaining to it were emergency ambulances stationed at Beaumont, Rambucourt, and Bouconville, and at times at Seicheprey, with reserve at Mandres. The advance point to which ambulances could go by daylight was on the Beaumont-Bouconville road paralleling the front line and 2 km from it.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, World War I, Ansauville Sector
At night ambulances could be sent forward to Xivray-Marvoisin and Seicheprey, 1 km from the front line. When circumstances warranted the risk, ambulances stationed at Seicheprey could evacuate from Seicheprey by day, but not as a routine measure. The rear circuit of heavy G. M. C. ambulances began at Mandres, where patients were carried to a fixed evacuation hospital. In order to cut down transportation, patients who could stand the longer trip to Toul or to Sebastopol were sent directly from Mandres and were not required to stop at the triage at Menil-la-Tour.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, World War I, Ansauville Sector
Patients were distributed from Mandres as follows: (1) Seriously wounded and sick who could not stand long ambulance transportation, to Menil-la-Tour; (2) chemical agent casualties to Menil-la-Tour; (3) surgical cases to Sebastopol; (4) and sick and contagious diseases to Toul. A few ambulances for this circuit were maintained at Mandres, with reserve at Menil-la-Tour. At times of expected periods of high casualties, the ambulance park was advanced to Hamonville, and ambulances and trucks were dispatched to Mandres as needed.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, World War I, Ansauville Sector
In quiet times a routine circuit of ambulances was maintained, daily calls being made at all aid stations within the division area that could be reached for the collection of sick and slightly wounded to be triaged at Menil-la-Tour, allowing placement of ambulances posted at outlying aid stations for emergency use.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, World War I, Ansauville Sector
Field Hospital 13 became operational on 17 January 1918 at Menil-la-Tour, in barracks taken over from a French field hospital and equipped for the care of 200 patients. This served at first as a divisional hospital and, after hospitals in the rear began functioning as a triage, for the reception of chemical casualties and some ill patients until relieved about 31 March by a field hospital of the 26th Division. The location was poorly suited for a hospital because of its proximity to a large supply dump and railhead subject to indirect fire. Several attacks occurred and missiles impacted within a hundred yards of the hospital, but no artillery fire was ever received.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, World War I, Ansauville Sector
Patients began to be received immediately after arrival of the 1st Division in the sector. Seven wounded were admitted on 21 January, and sixty-two chemical casualties on the 26th, the first chemical casualties in the division. Of the 674 patients received by Field Hospital 13, 323—nearly half of all patients treated—were due to chemical agents.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, World War I, Ansauville Sector
Field Hospital 12, after being held in reserve, became operational on 23 January at Sebastopol in large, permanent, stone barracks. It functioned as an evacuation and surgical hospital until relieved on 4 February by Evacuation Hospital 1, which then assumed responsibility for care of the seriously wounded. The field hospital personnel had been previously augmented by details from Ambulance Companies 3 and 13. Field Hospital 12 moved 6 February to a large stone barracks—Caserne la Marche—at Toul, where it established a 400-bed hospital for the divisional sick.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, World War I, Ansauville Sector
Since the barracks were large and readily adapted for use as a hospital, the field hospitals here supplemented their normal equipment with the addition of large quantities of supplies suitable for the proper maintenance of a semi-permanent hospital. Field Hospital 2 arrived at Toul on 18 February and established an annex to Field Hospital 12 for the care of contagious cases. It operated until 2 April, when the annex was turned over to a hospital of the 26th Division.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, World War I, Ansauville Sector
Field Hospitals 12 and 13 evacuated by train from Toul to base hospitals in the rear those cases which did not require surgical attention at Evacuation Hospital 1. This continued until about 3 April, when the facilities were turned over to hospitals of the 26th Division. In this sector Field Hospital 13 received 889 patients (not including those triaged directly to other hospitals) and Field Hospitals 12 and 2 received a combined total of 2,482 patients. As Evacuation Hospital 1 received most of the wounded, their patients were primarily those that were ill, and chemical casualties.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, World War I, Ansauville Sector
The sick rate of the division was three times that for battle casualties. More than two-thirds of those cases were minor, and most of the patients were returned to duty in a short time directly from the field hospitals. The prevailing diseases in the division in the sector were respiratory or intestinal. Sporadic cases of cerebrospinal meningitis, diphtheria, scarlet fever, mumps, and measles occurred, but no epidemic developed. A camp for venereal cases was established southeast of Raulecourt, and patients who were able to do so were put to work as laborers on road construction and similar heavy work.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, World War I, Ansauville Sector
The medical supply unit of the division, with a large stock, was maintained at Demange-aux-Eaux in the division rear. An advance medical supply depot was operated by Field Hospital 13 at Menil-la-Tour for issue to all organizations in advance areas. An advance subdepot was maintained at the dressing station at Mandres, for the distribution of supplies by ambulance or runners to front-line aid stations.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, World War I, Ansauville Sector
The 1st Division was relieved 1–3 April 1918, by the 26th Division and proceeded to the neighborhood of Chaumont-en-Vexin, where headquarters were established 8 April. For the next 10 days the division was trained in open warfare, activities consisting chiefly of brigade and division maneuvers. Regiments evacuated the disabled directly into the French hospitals at Gisors.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, World War I, Cantigny Sector
The offensive launched by the Germans on 21 March 1918 placed the Allies in a desperate situation. The lack of complete cooperation among the Allies on the Western Front had been appreciated, and the question of preparation to meet the crisis had already received attention of the supreme war council. Reserves were not available and on 28 March, the 1st Division was placed at the disposal of the allied high command, starting movement toward the battle front on 17 April.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, World War I, Cantigny Sector
On 25 April it took over the Cantigny sector 4.9 km west of Montdidier, relieving French troops and becoming a part of the French First Army. During the first six weeks that the division remained in this line the sector was very active; the remaining period was active. Battery positions were made untenable by high-explosive and chemical shells. Air raids were frequent and severe.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, World War I, Cantigny Sector
On 27 May 1918, the Germans attacked Chateau-Thierry, and when the French appreciated how serious and how successful the attack was they began to withdraw both their air squadrons and supporting artillery from the Cantigny sector. On the 28th the 1st Division made the first sustained American offensive of the war and captured the village of Cantigny—a date later chosen by the 1st Medical Regiment as its Organization Day. Because of determined German efforts to retake the salient, losses were greater after the attack than during it. Beauvais, where a Red Cross hospital was located 38.4 km to the rear, suffered very severely. Hospitals were not immune from attack, and operation of the evacuation system, particularly at night, was very difficult.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, World War I, Meuse-Argonne
After the Armistice was signed, the 1st Sanitary train marched with the rest of the 1st Division to the Coblenz Bridgehead as part of the US Third Army, which served as part of the Army of Occupation.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, Supporting the Medical Field Service School
In support of the 1929 class of the Officer Basic Course at the Medical Field Service School, the Regiment accompanied the students—all officers—on their field training exercise, this year conducted on the battlefield at Gettysburg. Students worked problems involving terrain exercises, while the 1st Medical Regiment then demonstrated the approved school solution.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, Supporting the Medical Field Service School
By 1930, the regiment was well integrated into the activities of the school. The regiment was maintained at "full peacetime strength," which equated to the regimental headquarters, a service company, a hospital company, a collecting company, a veterinary company, and two ambulance companies—one motorized and one animal drawn. In addition to serving as the demonstration unit for the school, most of the officers and noncommissioned officers who taught there were drawn from the ranks of the regiment, and senior officers in the regiment frequently moved into department directors in the school after completing their time in the regiment. The Medical Equipment Laboratory, charged with studying and developing equipment and transportation for medical department troops and installations frequently turned to the regiment for assistance in testing equipment in the field, particularly for battalion aid stations and equipment used by the medical regiments of the divisions.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, Supporting the Medical Field Service School, The Ohio river floods, 1937
In January and February 1937, the Ohio and Mississippi rivers flooded over 12,700 square miles in twelve states. As part of the Federal response, The 1st Medical Regiment's Company G (Hospital), under the command of Captain Alvin L. Gorby (who would later command the regiment, and who retired as a major general) arrived by train on 30 January. The company included six medical corps officers and 93 enlisted men, with another 21 enlisted and ten ambulances from the regiment's Company E (Motor Ambulance), who were sent to Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indiana to provide support in that area.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, Supporting the Medical Field Service School, The Ohio river floods, 1937
Inspecting a school building which had been used as an improvised hospital for the prior week by local volunteers, he found it an excellent facility with a modern structure, indoor plumbing, and a cafeteria. Moving his soldiers into rooms on the top floor, he quickly established hospital operations, reorganizing what he found on arrival was an "appalling lack of organization." When the water pressure proved to be inadequate, he had his troops dig latrines on the school grounds and had water for other purposes trucked in.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, Supporting the Medical Field Service School, The Ohio river floods, 1937
Once that hospital was up and running, the company assumed responsibility for a typhoid inoculation station, then repaired and reorganized a second school which was being used as a segregated facility for black patients. During the 13 days the company operated in Louisville, they provided more than 5,000 inoculations and provided over 2,000 patient-days of care in the two improvised hospitals they were running. This relief operation would be the Army's last major domestic relief operation before the start of the World War II.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, Supporting NATO
During most of September 1950 the 1st Medical Group participated in a major exercise called "Rainbow." Following spring 1950 a command post exercise named "Shamrock," this exercise saw most of the US medical units in Germany deploy their headquarters elements to the field, as well as sending as many operational elements as could be spared. Although medical play within the Communications Zone was simulated, soldiers role playing as patients were moved between the units in the field in Germany. In all, 40% of all Medical Corps and 20% of all Nurse Corps officers in Germany participated, with most units, according to published reports, rated as "Excellent" in their performance.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), History, Fort Sam Houston
One of the responsibilities of the 1st Medical Group and its subordinate units at Fort Sam Houston, Texas, was to serve as a test-bed for the Medical Equipment Test and Evaluation Division of the United States Army Medical Materiel Agency. Established in 1964 and based at Fort Sam Houston, the test and evaluation division was responsible for testing new medical products and equipment for suitability for the Army's use. Much as they had done at Carlisle Barracks decades earlier, the 1st Medical Group's units at Fort Sam Houston, including a MUST equipped combat support hospital and an air ambulance company, provided a readily available platform for testing equipment under field conditions.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), Lineage
Constituted 3 August 1917 in the Regular Army as Headquarters, 1st Sanitary Train, assigned to the 1st Expeditionary Division and organized at New York, New York. (1st Expeditionary Division redesignated 6 July 1918 as 1st Division.)


1st Medical Brigade (United States), Lineage
Relieved from the 1st Division, consolidated with Service Company, 1st Medical Regiment (organized during June 1925 at Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania by consolidation of Headquarters Detachment, Medical Laboratory Section, and Medical Supply Section, 1st Medical Regiment.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), Lineage
Reorganized and redesignated 8 October 1939 as Headquarters, Headquarters and Service Company, 1st Medical Regiment (Corps).


1st Medical Brigade (United States), Lineage
Redesignated 16 December 1940 Headquarters, Headquarters and Service Company, 1st Medical Regiment (Army).


1st Medical Brigade (United States), Lineage
Reorganized and redesignated 1 September 1943 as Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment, 1st Medical Group.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), Lineage
Activated 10 June 1950 in Frankfurt, Federal Republic of Germany


1st Medical Brigade (United States), Lineage
Reorganized and redesignated 6 June 2000 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 1st Medical Brigade


1st Medical Brigade (United States), Insignia, Shoulder sleeve insignia
On a white rectangle arced at top and bottom with a 1/8 inch (.32 cm) yellow border, 2 inches (5.08 cm) in width and 3 inches (7.62 cm) in height overall, a maroon cross throughout bearing a yellow rod entwined by a green snake with a red eye.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), Insignia, Shoulder sleeve insignia
Maroon and white are the colors used by the Army Medical Department units; gold is for excellence. The staff of Aesculapius and the maroon cross, symbolize the medical arts and allude to the mission of the Brigade.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), Insignia, Shoulder sleeve insignia
The shoulder sleeve insignia was authorized effective 6 June 2000. (TIOH Dwg. No. A-1-844)


1st Medical Brigade (United States), Insignia, Distinctive unit insignia
A maroon shield bearing within a wreath of silver oak leaves the helmet of an esquire charged with the shoulder sleeve insignia of the First Division, a shield with the figure "1." All above a silver scroll bearing the inscription "FORTITUDE AND COMPASSION" in black letters.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), Insignia, Distinctive unit insignia
Maroon and white (silver) are the colors used for the Army Medical Service. The red numeral "1" on an olive drab shield is the shoulder sleeve insignia of the 1st Division as authorized 31 October 1918, and with which the unit served in World War I. The helmet indicates the military character of the organization.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), Insignia, Distinctive unit insignia
The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the 1st Medical Regiment on 19 December 1923. It was redesignated and amended to include a motto for the 1st Medical Group on 20 March 1968. The insignia was amended to correct the symbolism on 26 April 1968. It was redesignated for the 1st Medical Brigade effective 6 June 2000.


1st Medical Brigade (United States), References, Sources
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of Defense.


1st Medium Regiment (South Africa)
1st Medium Regiment was an artillery regiment of the South African Army, after World War Two.


1st Medium Regiment (South Africa), History, Origin
1st Medium Regiment. South African Artillery, (SAHA), was established with headquarters in Cape Town on the 1st January 1946.


1st Medium Regiment (South Africa), History, Origin
Lt Colonel Norman Munnik, was appointed to command this regiment, having originally been with the 1st Heavy Battery, Coast Artillery Brigade. In the first few months of the regiment’s existence, Lt Colonel Frank Whitmore Mellish, MC was also appointed as the regiment’s Honorary Colonel.


1st Medium Regiment (South Africa), History, Similar Unit
This regiment should not be confused with another regiment of identical title in the UDF history, an Active Citizen Force (ACF) unit formed in Johannesburg around 1939, specifically to continue the memory of the South African Heavy Artillery batteries that fought in France in 1915–1918.


1st Medium Regiment (South Africa), History, Recruitment
Those citizens who had been balloted to ACF units around Cape Town, reported to the New Drill Hall at Tennant Street in Cape Town, for medical examination and attestation.


1st Medium Regiment (South Africa), History, Training
After receiving their kit, recruits started about five months of training. Foot and rifle drill, parades took place every Tuesday and Thursday nights at the early morning market in Sir Lowry Road. Mustering training took place at Youngsfield where the regiment had its hangar storing its soft vehicles, Jeeps, Ford 1 ton radio vehicles, 3 ton cargo, Mack gun tractors, 5.5 inch guns and all associated stores and equipment. Training took place on Saturdays and two full Saturdays per month for part of the year were normally allocated.


1st Medium Regiment (South Africa), History, Training
1 Medium Regiment with Cape Field Artillery utilised the military camp at Oudtshoorn for live fire training. Recruit camps were about three weeks at the end of which the continuous training period ended on the range conducting "dry runs" and live shell firing first with 25 pounders and on the last day, with 5.5 inch guns.


1st Medium Regiment (South Africa), History, Converted to an Afrikaans speaking regiment
The regiment was declared an Afrikaans unit in the early 1950s and training gunnery terminology had to be translated at Oudtshoorn from English.


1st Medium Regiment (South Africa), History, Transferred to Outeniqua Command
On 5 November 1953, it was announced that 1 Medium Regiment was being transferred to Outeniqua Command and in doing so Cape Town lost its most important Afrikaans speaking unit.


1st Medium Regiment (South Africa), History, Disbandment
The regiment was finally disbanded and disestablished on 1 March 1960, when the Citizen Force was once again reorganised.


1st Medium Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery
The 1st Medium Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery was one of six Canadian medium artillery regiments that served in the European Theatre of World War II.


1st Medium Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery, History
The adjutant of the 1st Medium Regiment, RCA, was Captain Horace Trites; Trites was mentioned in dispatches in Italy. Trites and G.P.O. (Gun Position Officer) Lieutenant 'Buck' Buchanan later became pilots at 43 Operational Training Unit, RAF Andover, and fought in northwest Europe with No. 665 Squadron RCAF.


1st Meijin
The 1st Meijin was the first Meijin title sponsored by Asahi Shimbun. The tournament used a nine player round robin league system. Hideo Otake won the last Old Meijin title and his title was honored as holder of the Meijin title. Shuchi Kubouchi, Takeo Kajiwara and Norio Kudo qualified through the preliminary stages while Yoshio Ishida, Hideyuki Fujisawa, Eio Sakata, Utaro Hashimoto, Rin Kaiho, Toshiro Yamabe retained their places from the 14th Old Meijin. Yoshio Ishida won the league and challenged Otake for the title. Otake won the title in five games.


1st Michigan Cavalry Regiment
The 1st Michigan Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was a part of the famed Michigan Brigade, commanded for a time by Brigadier General George Armstrong Custer.


1st Michigan Cavalry Regiment, Service
The 1st Michigan Cavalry was organized at Detroit, Michigan, between August 21 and September 6, 1861. Among the initial officers was William d'Alton Mann, a future prominent Michigan newspaper and magazine publisher.


1st Michigan Cavalry Regiment, Service
The regiment was mustered out of service on September 12, 1865.


1st Michigan Cavalry Regiment, Total strength and casualties
Over the span of its existence, the regiment carried a total of 2705 men on its muster rolls.


1st Michigan Cavalry Regiment, Total strength and casualties
The regiment suffered 14 officers and 150 enlisted men killed in action or mortally wounded and 6 officers and 244 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 414 fatalities.


1st Michigan Engineers and Mechanics Regiment
The 1st Michigan Engineers and Mechanics Regiment was an engineer regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. There were only ten other similar regiments in the Union Army. The Michigan unit was one of three engineering regiments raised in 1861, the other two being Missouri (August 1861) and New York (September 1861). Engineering regiments are often left off of many Order of Battles, but their contribution to campaigns were vital from a logistics point of view; repairing/building railroads, bridges and blockhouses; and destroying enemy communication lines, railroads and bridges. Engineering units like the First Michigan were often caught up in attacks from enemy guerrillas and cavalry skirmishes.


1st Michigan Engineers and Mechanics Regiment, Service
The 1st Michigan Engineers was organized at Marshall, Michigan and mustered into service on October 29, 1861. They rendezvoused at Camp Owen on the Calhoun county fairgrounds in early October.


1st Michigan Engineers and Mechanics Regiment, Total strength and casualties
Over its existence, the regiment carried a total of 2962 men on its muster rolls. The regiment lost 1 officer and 12 enlisted men killed in action or mortally wounded, and 351 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 364fatalities.


1st Michigan Engineers and Mechanics Regiment, Total strength and casualties
At the Battle of Perryville (October 1862), the First Michigan had at least ten wounded and one missing. At Lavergne, Tennessee; just prior to the Battle of Murfreesboro, the First Michigan had one killed, five wounded, four POWs and one missing. The 1st Michigan saw two men killed, nine wounded, and two missing at the Battle of Murfreesboro (early January 1863). The unit was active all over middle Tennessee, including Columbia, Spring Hill, Franklin, Brentwood and Nashville from 1862 - 1864, building and repairing railroads, bridges, blockhouses, etc. The Franklin-Nashville Campaign was costly to the First Michigan Engineers, losing over 30 men as POWs.


1st Michigan Engineers and Mechanics Regiment, Total strength and casualties
The unit also participated in Sherman's March to the Sea and at the Battle of Bentonville.


1st Michigan Infantry Regiment (3 Months)
The 1st Michigan Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. A Company consisted of the Detroit Light Guard.


1st Michigan Infantry Regiment (3 Months), Service
The 1st Michigan Infantry was organized at Detroit, Michigan and mustered into Federal service for three months on May 1, 1861. The 1st Michigan was the state's only three-month regiment, raised in response to President Abraham Lincoln's initial call for 75,000 troops in April 1861.


1st Michigan Infantry Regiment (3 Years)
The 1st Michigan Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


1st Michigan Infantry Regiment (3 Years), Service
The 1st Michigan Infantry was organized at Detroit, Michigan and mustered into Federal service for a three-year enlistment on September 16, 1861. This regiment retained the number of the original 1st Michigan raised for a three-month enlistment.


1st Michigan Infantry Regiment (3 Years), Total strength and casualties
The regiment suffered 15 officers and 172 enlisted men who were killed in action or mortally wounded and 1 officer and 149 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 337 fatalities.


1st Michigan Legislature
The 1st Michigan Legislature, consisting of the Michigan Senate and the Michigan House of Representatives, met in Detroit in three sessions between November 2, 1835, and July 26, 1836, during the first year of Stevens T. Mason's governorship of the (prospective) state.


1st Michigan Legislature
The legislature met with the expectation that Michigan would be granted statehood during this time, but this was delayed until January 1837. During the first part of the 1st Legislature's term, there were two parallel governments in the portion of Michigan Territory that was covered by the newly-drafted state constitution.


1st Michigan Legislature, Background
The people of the Territory of Michigan voted on October 1, 1832, to seek admission to the United States. A census in 1834 verified that the territory had 87,273 white inhabitants, well above the requirement for statehood of 60,000 defined by the Northwest Ordinance. In previous such instances, the U.S. Congress normally passed an enabling act calling on the residents of a prospective state to draft a constitution. But Michigan was embroiled in a territorial dispute with Ohio that Congress had not been able to resolve, and no such act was passed, so Michigan moved forward without one.


1st Michigan Legislature, Background
Another election was held on April 4, 1835, to elect delegates to a convention to draft a constitution. The convention began meeting in Detroit that May, and voters approved the new constitution in a statewide election held on October 5, 1835.


1st Michigan Legislature, Background, Opposition to statehood in Congress
In Congress, opposition to Michigan's application for statehood centered around several objections, two of which Congress resolved for itself. One was that Congress had never passed an enabling act for Michigan as it had with previous states; this objection was overcome on the basis that the U.S. Constitution did not require such an act, which had simply been the conventional approach for Congress to use.


1st Michigan Legislature, Background, Opposition to statehood in Congress
Another was that the new state constitution allowed aliens to vote, which led to concerns that this was tantamount to conferring U.S. citizenship; this objection was also overcome, since states were allowed to set their own qualifications for voting, even for federal elections, and this was separate from the notion of citizenship.


1st Michigan Legislature, Background, Opposition to statehood in Congress
The Toledo War, the dispute over a ten-mile-wide strip of land along the Michigan–Ohio border, continued to occupy both Congress and the Legislature throughout the term of the 1st Legislature. Some southern senators also employed delaying tactics in order to ensure that Arkansas's application for statehood would be ready in time for it to be admitted simultaneously with Michigan, preserving the tradition of admitting free states and slave states in pairs in order to maintain the balance of the U.S. Senate. A bill formally offering Michigan and Arkansas admission to the union was not passed and signed into law until late in the legislature's term, on June 15, 1836.


1st Michigan Legislature, Election and parallel governments
Voters elected a governor, a lieutenant governor, a U.S. congressman, and members of the state legislature in the same October 5, 1835, election which asked them to approve the new constitution; all of these elections were contingent on the constitution itself being approved, which it was. Most of the elected officials were Democrats, as the Whigs generally either didn't want to pursue statehood or thought the constitution itself was a sham since Congress had not passed an enabling act; the Whigs did not nominate a candidate for governor.


1st Michigan Legislature, Election and parallel governments
The newly-elected government was not officially recognized by the federal government, which still maintained a separate territorial government. President Andrew Jackson had installed John S. Horner as acting governor on September 15, 1835, after removing Mason from the position. The existence of the two parallel governments, one under Horner and one under Mason, continued for several months, until the federal government gave up in view of the fact that the people of Michigan clearly thought of the new government under Mason as their legitimate representatives. Having been mostly ignored in Michigan, Horner left to become secretary of the Wisconsin Territory when Congress organized a territorial government there on April 20, 1836, and no replacement was appointed.


1st Michigan Legislature, Sessions
The constitution made Detroit the state capital until 1847, when the legislature was due to choose a new location; at that time they moved the capital to Lansing. The 1st Legislature met in Detroit in three sessions. Much of the business before the legislature in these sessions  involved Michigan's pending application for statehood.


1st Michigan Legislature, Sessions
The first session ran from November 2, 1835, to November 14, 1835. Along with certifying the election of Governor Mason and Lieutenant Governor Mundy and performing other organizational tasks, the legislature elected Michigan's first two U.S. senators. Each chamber nominated two people; Lucius Lyon was nominated by both chambers for one position, while John Norvell was nominated by the House and John Biddle by the Senate for the other. Norvell won a joint vote, 35 to 28, and so was elected alongside Lyon. The legislature adjourned with the expectation that statehood would be quickly forthcoming. Since Michigan was not yet a state, the U.S. Senate admitted Lyon and Norvell to its chamber as "spectators" at the urging of Thomas Hart Benton and over the opposition of Henry Clay.


1st Michigan Legislature, Sessions
The second session, held despite the continued delay in statehood, ran from February 1, 1836, to March 28, 1836. The legislature elected Henry Howard as the state's first treasurer, in place of Levi Cook, who had declined the position.


1st Michigan Legislature, Sessions, Extra session and the Conventions of Assent
The June 15, 1836, bill passed by Congress made Michigan's admittance conditional upon a popular convention approving the exchange of the disputed Ohio territory for the western three-quarters of the Upper Peninsula. Governor Stevens T. Mason called an extra session of the legislature, which ran from July 11, 1836, to July 26, 1836, in order to make provisions for the election of delegates to such a convention.


1st Michigan Legislature, Sessions, Extra session and the Conventions of Assent
Democrats generally supported the compromise, seeing no value in antagonizing Congress and continuing to delay statehood and the financial benefits it would bring, while the Whigs felt Congress had no right to assist in the perceived theft of land from Michigan and wanted to press the case in the Supreme Court.


1st Michigan Legislature, Sessions, Extra session and the Conventions of Assent
The Convention of Assent met in Ann Arbor on September 26 and, after deliberating for four days, rejected the compromise proposed by Congress. Supporters of the compromise called upon Mason to organize a second convention, which he refused to do, but he did declare that the people could do so themselves. The Democrats of Washtenaw County and Wayne County called for another convention, and this "Frostbitten Convention" was held beginning December 14 in Ann Arbor. The Whigs and several counties boycotted, and the compromise was overwhelmingly approved. Scholars have held that the second convention lacked any legal basis and that Mason overstepped his authority by suggesting the people hold a convention without any legislative or congressional consent, but it provided sufficient basis for Congress to finally grant Michigan's statehood on January 26, 1837.


1st Michigan Legislature, Leadership and organization
Lieutenant Governor Edward Mundy was ex officio President of the Senate, as prescribed by the state constitution. The senate appointed John S. Barry President of the Senate pro tempore; John J. Adam was chosen as the secretary, Silas D. McKeen as the enrolling and engrossing clerk, Edward A. King as the recording clerk, George W. Dexter as the sergeant-at-arms, and Diodate Hubbard as the doorkeeper.


1st Michigan Legislature, Leadership and organization
The House elected Ezra Convis as Speaker, George R. Griswold as the clerk, Egbert Van Buren as the enrolling clerk, Lewis Bond as the sergeant-at-arms, William Terry and Thomas Lappin as the messenger and assistant messenger, and James Houston as the doorkeeper.


1st Michigan Legislature, Members
The apportionment of senators and representatives in the new state legislature was defined by the recently-adopted constitution, which also directed that a new census be taken in 1837 and used as the basis for future apportionments. Only white inhabitants were considered in the apportioning of seats. The constitution mandated that the number of representatives be between 48 and 100, inclusive, and the number of senators be one-third that number, or as close as possible.


1st Michigan Legislature, Members
Seats in both houses were apportioned by county, with the provision that:


1st Michigan Legislature, Members
Any country attached to any county for judicial purposes, if not otherwise represented, shall be considered as forming part of such county, so far as regards elections for the purpose of representation in the legislature.


1st Michigan Legislature, Members, Senate
The constitution created districts made up of one or more counties each, and apportioned senators as follows:


1st Michigan Legislature, Members, Senate
... for the election of senators, the state shall be divided into five districts, and the apportionment shall be as follows: The county of Wayne shall compose the first district, and elect three senators; the counties of Monroe and Lenawee shall compose the second district and elect three senators; The Counties of Hillsdale, Branch, St. Joseph, Cass, Berrien, Kalamazoo and Calhoun shall compose the third district, and elect three senators; The counties of Washtenaw and Jackson shall compose the fourth district and elect three senators; And the counties of Oakland, Lapeer, Saganaw, Macomb, St. Clair, Michilimackinac and Chippewa shall compose the fifth district, and elect four senators.


1st Michigan Legislature, Members, House of Representatives
The constitution assigned representatives to each county, or district made up of multiple counties, apportioned as follows:


1st Michigan Legislature, Members, House of Representatives
...


1st Michigan Legislature, Members, House of Representatives
the County of Wayne shall be entitled to eight representatives; the county of Monroe to four representatives; the county of Washtenaw to seven representatives; the county of St. Clair to one representative; the County of St. Joseph to two representatives; the county of Berrien to one representative; the county of Calhoun to one representative; the county of Jackson to one representative; the county of Cass to two representatives; the county of Oakland to six representatives; the county of Macomb to three representatives; the county of Lenawee to four representatives; the county of Kalamazoo, and the unorganized counties of Allegan and Barry, to two representatives; the county of Branch to one representative; the county of Hillsdale to one representative; the county of Lapeer to one representative; the county of Saganaw and the unorganized counties of Genesee and Shiawasse to one representative; the county of Michilimakinac to one representative; the county of Chippewa to one representative; and the unorganized counties of Ottawa, Kent, Ionia and Clinton to one representative.


1st Michigan Legislature, Members, House of Representatives
The constitution as written provided for 49 representatives. Allegan County was organized on August 25, 1835—after the constitution was drafted by the convention, but before it was approved by the voters. According to other language in the constitution, Allegan was thus eligible to elect its own representative rather than be included as part of "the county of Kalamazoo, and the unorganized counties of Allegan and Barry". The House seated the additional representative, Elisha Ely, bringing the total for this legislature to 50.


1st Michigan Sharpshooters Regiment
The 1st Michigan Sharpshooters Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army's Army of the Potomac during the American Civil War.


1st Michigan Sharpshooters Regiment, Service
The 1st Michigan Sharpshooters was organized at Kalamazoo and Dearborn, Michigan, between April 14 and October 7, 1863, and six companies were mustered into Federal service on July 7, 1863, to serve three years.


1st Michigan Sharpshooters Regiment, Service, Officers
Charles Victor DeLand, a Jackson, Michigan, journalist and politician on 10/15/1861 was commissioned as a captain into "C" Co. MI 9th Infantry. He Resigned on 11/15/1862. On 7/7/1863 he was commissioned into Field & Staff MI 1st SharpShooters as Colonel and charged with mustering the First Michigan Sharpshooters. He fought in many of the great battles in the Western Campaigns, wounded in action three times and taken prisoner twice! A monument erected at the Michigan State Capital in Lansing, MI honoring the First Michigan Sharpshooters bears his name with other faithful soldiers under his command.


1st Michigan Sharpshooters Regiment, Service, Officers
He was discharged for wounds on 2/4/1865He was listed as:


1st Michigan Sharpshooters Regiment, Service, Officers
Other Information:born 7/25/1828 in North Brookfield, MAdied 9/21/1903 in Jackson, MISources used by Historical Data Systems, Inc.:- Record of Service of Michigan Volunteers 1861-65- Dyer: A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion- Brevet Brigadier Generals in Blue- Heitman: Register of United States Army 1789-1903


1st Michigan Sharpshooters Regiment, Service, Officers
Major John Piper, of Battle Creek, originally served as Captain of the famed Company D (The "Michigan Boys") of the Western Sharpshooters (W.S.S.) Regiment. Captain Piper resigned from the W.S.S. to take up the position of Major of the 1st Michigan Sharpshooters. He was killed in action at the Battle of Spottsylvania Courthouse, May 13, 1864.


1st Michigan Sharpshooters Regiment, Service, Officers
The initial six companies were sent to Seymour, IN to repel the Morgan Raid where they were in contact with his raiders at North Vernon, July 13, and at Pierceville .July 14. After the successful rebuff of the raid, the regiment returned to Dearborn and trained there until August 16 when they moved to Chicago, to guarding prisoners-of-war (POWs) until March 17, 1864.The regiment was ordered to Annapolis, Md., March 17.


1st Michigan Sharpshooters Regiment, Service, Company K
Of note, Company K was composed primarily of Native Americans of the United States, especially members of the Ojibwa, Odawa, and Potawatomi nations. In their first action at Although some members were armed with repeaters and breech-loaders, and despite Colonel Deland's attempts to requisition 700 Henrys for the regiment, the majority remained armed with Springfield Model 1861 rifled muskets. The unit distinguished itself in its skirmishing ability, infiltration ability, and marksmanship.


1st Michigan Sharpshooters Regiment, Service, Company K
The regiment was highly trained in its combat skills, and the First Nations men in Company K were recognized as the most accomplished. In their first combat at The Wilderness,


1st Michigan Sharpshooters Regiment, Service, Company K
They, on the very first day at the front, caught on to the great advantage our enemy employed over us in the color of uniform. Ours was blue, and could be seen at a long distance; while the "Johnny" (as we called them) could not be spotted at a comparatively short distance, even when lying in an open field.


1st Michigan Sharpshooters Regiment, Service, Company K
This disadvantage to us was appreciated almost immediately that these Indians got in the field, and they would go out and find a dry spot of earth and roll in it until their uniform was thecomplete color of the ground before going out on the skirmish line; and if the day was wet, they would not hesitate to take mud and rub it over their clothes, for as soon as this dried a little they would have what they were after—the color of the earth. This custom was adopted by my whole Regiment; and it was often remarked that our Regiment could do the closest skirmishing at the least cost of any Regiment in the Division.


1st Michigan Sharpshooters Regiment, Service, Company K
Sgt . Thomas Ke-chi-ti-go, called "Big Tom" by the white Sharpshooters, further "ordered each brave to cover his breast and head with twigs and leaves to prevent contrast of color with their surroundings.


1st Michigan Sharpshooters Regiment, Service, Company K
Through its service, the regiment was esteemed for its solid, dependable, and effective conduct. It provided valuable sniping, counter-sniping, and harassment fire during the Siege of Petersburg. It was noted for its "splendid work" in the debacle of the Battle of the Crater on 30 July 1864. Many other Union soldiers noticed mortally wounded Native American members of Company K, "... drawing their blouses over their faces, they chanted a death song and died — four of them a group."


1st Michigan Sharpshooters Regiment, Service, Order of battle
The 1st was one of the first units to enter Petersburg after it finally fell on April 1, 1865.


1st Michigan Sharpshooters Regiment, Service, Order of battle
The 1st Michigan Sharpshooters' detailed service is as follows (NOTE — Battles are Bolded, Italicized; campaigns are Italicized):


1st Michigan Sharpshooters Regiment, Total strength and casualties
The regiment suffered 6 officers and 131 enlisted men who were killed in action or mortally wounded and 165 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 362 fatalities.


1st Michigan Territorial Council
The First Michigan Territorial Council was a meeting of the legislative body governing Michigan Territory, known formally as the Legislative Council of the Territory of Michigan. The council met in Detroit in two regular sessions between June 7, 1824, and April 21, 1825, during the term of Lewis Cass as territorial governor.


1st Michigan Territorial Council, Background
Since its creation from part of Indiana Territory in 1805, the government of Michigan Territory had consisted of a governor, a secretary, and three judges; the governor and judges together formed the legislative branch of government. This was the first stage of territorial government outlined in the Northwest Ordinance. An election called by Governor Cass in 1818 to decide whether to move to the second stage of government—an elected legislature—failed largely due to concerns over the cost that would be borne by the territory. Public discontent with the first stage government continued to mount, until in 1822 hundreds of residents petitioned Congress for reform.


1st Michigan Territorial Council, Background
An act of Congress on March 3, 1823, created a four-year term for the judges and transferred the powers of the territory to the governor and a legislative council of nine people serving terms of two years. Members of the council were to be appointed by the president of the United States, with the advice and consent of the Senate, from a slate of 18 people chosen in a general election.


1st Michigan Territorial Council, Leadership and organization
Abraham Edwards was president of the council; John P. Sheldon, Edmund A. Brush, and George A. O'Keefe clerks; and Morris Jackson sergeant-at-arms.


1st Michigan Territorial Council, Members
Per the act of March 3, 1823, the nine members of the council were appointed by President James Monroe, chosen from the top 18 vote-earners in a general election. In addition to the appointed members listed below, the slate of names sent to the president included Louis Baufet, William Brown, Harry Conant, Laurent Durocher, Francois Navarre, Ebenezer Reed, Solomon Sibley, and Benjamin F. Stickney.


1st Middle Siberian Corps
The 1st Middle Siberian Corps (Russian: 1-й Средне-Сибирский армейский корпус) was one of the main formations of the Siberian Army during the Russian Civil War. It was created on June 12, 1918, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Anatoly Pepelyayev.


1st Middle Siberian Corps, History
The force joined the Czechoslovak Legion of Captain Radola Gajda and, moving from the center of Siberia to Trans-Baikal in the East, cleared that territory from Bolsheviks. After that, they were replenished and deployed as the Middle-Siberian Corps (from August 26 1918) and 1st Middle Siberian Corps (from September 30 1918). The Corps was divided into 3 divisions.


1st Middle Siberian Corps, History
Parts of the corps made the famous March to Perm, inflicting a crushing defeat on the Red 3rd Army in Winter 1918–1919. The Corps was then a part of the North Ural Front and the Yekaterinburg group of the Siberian Army. The corps took part in the Spring Offensive of the Russian Army (1919) and Counteroffensive of the Eastern Front in which it suffered heavy losses. In October only a quarter of the Corps remained, after which it was withdrawn to the rear for the transformation, but was decomposed and finally lost its fighting efficiency.


1st Middle Siberian Corps, History
By January 6, 1920, only the 3rd Barnaul Siberian Rifle Regiment, which had safely retreated to the Transbaikal, remained from the whole Corps. Efforts by general A. N. Pepelyaev and major-General E. K. Vishnevskiy to revive the Corps in the East come to nothing.


1st Middlesex Engineers
The 1st Middlesex Engineers was the senior engineer unit of Britain's Volunteer Force, raised in 1860 and originally recruited from the South Kensington Museum. It provided Royal Engineers (RE) units to the 47th (1/2nd London) Division, the 47th (London) Infantry Division, the 56th (London) Divisions, and the 60th (2/2nd London) Division during both World Wars. The engineers served on the First World War's Western Front from 1915 to 1918, and in a number of theatres during the Second World War. It also served in the postwar Territorial Army, until 1967.


1st Middlesex Engineers, Volunteer Force
The enthusiasm for the Volunteer movement following an invasion scare in 1859 saw the creation of many Rifle Volunteer units composed of part-time soldiers eager to supplement the Regular British Army in time of need. Soon the need for military engineer ('Sapper') units to support the Rifle Volunteers was recognised, and a group from the South Kensington Museum, headed by Norman MacLeod of MacLeod, approached the War Office (WO) with an offer to raise two companies from the engineering and allied professions.


1st Middlesex Engineers, Volunteer Force
The proposal was accepted in January 1860 and enlistment began on 6 February, creating the first Engineer Volunteer Corps (EVC). MacLeod was appointed Captain in command and a year later was promoted to Major as the unit rapidly grew beyond its initial two companies. By November 1863 the 1st Middlesex EVC had 10 companies and was recruiting an 11th:


1st Middlesex Engineers, Volunteer Force
Also from 1863 the new 1st Essex, 1st London and 1st Tower Hamlets EVCs were administratively linked to the 1st Middlesex (these units became independent from 1871, 1868 and 1868 respectively).


1st Middlesex Engineers, Volunteer Force
The unit outgrew its headquarters (HQ) at the South Kensington Museum and moved a short distance to Whitehead's Grove in Chelsea (it dropped its '(South Kensington)' subtitle in 1862) and in 1865 opened a purpose-built drill hall in College Street (today's Elystan Street) in Chelsea, designed by Capt Francis Fowke, RE, who had designed the new South Kensington Museum (the V&A). MacLeod relinquished command in 1871 and was appointed Honorary Colonel of the corps.


1st Middlesex Engineers, Volunteer Force
By the end of 1873 the corps had dwindled to 210 men in six companies and a recruiting campaign was held, which brought it back up to nine companies, including two (A and G) in Marylebone and one based at the Royal Indian Engineering College, Cooper's Hill, near Egham. When the 1st Sussex Engineers was raised in Eastbourne in 1890 it was attached to the 1st Middlesex until 1892 when it was transferred to the 1st Hampshire. The Tonbridge School Cadet Corps was affiliated with the 1st Middlesex in 1893. All the EVCs' titles were changed to simply 'Royal Engineers (Volunteers)' in 1896.


1st Middlesex Engineers, Volunteer Force, Active service
In 1882 the 1st Middlesex offered a detachment for service in the Egyptian Campaign of 1882, which was accepted.


1st Middlesex Engineers, Volunteer Force, Active service
After Black Week in December 1899, the Volunteers were invited to send active service units to assist the Regulars in the Second Boer War. The 1st Middlesex Engineers sent a detachment of one officer and 25 other ranks (ORs) to work with the Royal Engineers (RE). They embarked at Southampton aboard the Tintagel Castle with similar sections from 11 other EVCs on 10 March 1900. The ship arrived at Cape Town on 31 March. The detachments returned home after a year's service, but the 1st Middlesex sent a second detachment in 1901. Members of the 1st Middlesex also volunteered for other active service units, bringing the total of those who served in South Africa to two officers and 100 ORs, of whom five died.


1st Middlesex Engineers, Territorial Force
When the Volunteers were subsumed into the new Territorial Force (TF) under the Haldane Reforms of 1908, the 1st Middlesex Engineers provided the divisional engineers for the TF's 2nd London Division with the following organisation:


1st Middlesex Engineers, Territorial Force
Nos 2–4 Sections of the Telegraph Company were attached to and largely manned by the 4th–6th infantry brigades of the division. It was termed a Signal Company from 1911.


1st Middlesex Engineers, Territorial Force
Tonbridge School Cadet Corps became part of the Junior Division of the Officers Training Corps, but the Royal Engineer Cadets (2nd London Division) continued to be affiliated to the unit.


1st Middlesex Engineers, First World War, Mobilisation
When war was declared on 4 August 1914 most units of 2nd London Division had just reached camps at Perham Down to carry out annual training. They immediately returned to their HQs and mobilised. 3rd London Field Company went to Dover to carry out defence works, but by mid-August the whole division was concentrated at its war stations around St Albans. The Divisional Commander, RE (CRE) was Lieutenant-Colonel H.H. Taylor, who had his HQ at Gorhambury, 3rd Company was at Shafford's Farm, 4th Company at Gorhambury Park, and the Signal Company in billets in St Albans.


1st Middlesex Engineers, First World War, Mobilisation
On the outbreak of war, TF units were invited to volunteer for Overseas Service. On 15 August 1914, the WO issued instructions to separate those men who had signed up for Home Service only, and form these into reserve units. On 31 August, the formation of a reserve or 2nd Line unit was authorised for each 1st Line unit where 60 per cent or more of the men had volunteered for Overseas Service. The titles of these 2nd Line units would be the same as the original, but distinguished by a '2/' prefix. In this way duplicate battalions, brigades and divisions were created, mirroring those TF formations being sent overseas. Later the 2nd Line were prepared for overseas service and 3rd Line units were raised.


1st Middlesex Engineers, First World War, Mobilisation
The WO also decided that each infantry division should have an additional RE field company, to allow one for each brigade. For 2nd London Divisional Engineers this should have been the 1/6th London Company, but the 2/3rd Field Company had already been formed at Chelsea in October, and this took the place, so the 1/6th Company joined the 2/2nd London Division when it was formed. 2/3rd Field Co trained with the rest of the 2nd Line at St Albans until it was ready to go overseas.


1st Middlesex Engineers, First World War, 47th (1/2nd London) Divisional RE
Shortly after mobilisation, elements of 2nd London Division went to France independently to reinforce the BEF fighting on the Western Front: 1/3rd London Fd Co left for Winchester in January 1915 to join the newly formed  28th Division, composed mainly of Regular units brought back from Colonial garrisons. 28th Division embarked at Southampton 15–18 January and took its place in the line. The company suffered its first casualties, including the officer commanding (OC), Major S.D. Sewell, killed while working in the line in the Ypres Salient. However, 1/3rd London Fd Co returned to 2nd London Division on 6 April 1915, before 28th Division went into large-scale action.


1st Middlesex Engineers, First World War, 47th (1/2nd London) Divisional RE
1/2nd London Division was chosen as one of the first complete TF formations to join the BEF. It began its move on 8 March 1915 and by 22 March had concentrated in the Béthune area. From the formation of the 2nd Line, the 1st Line Signal Company was commanded by Major Sir Lionel Alexander, Bart, from 23rd Bn London Regiment (and originally the Grenadier Guards). Once in France, although 'vaguely' under the divisional CRE, the company usually came under the control of Corps HQ, while the sections were with their brigades. On 11 May the division was designated as 47th (2nd London) Division, and the RE as  47th (London) Divisional RE.


1st Middlesex Engineers, First World War, 47th (1/2nd London) Divisional RE
The division took over a section of the line near Festubert, and its infantry played a part in the Battle of Festubert. The sappers were engaged in improving trench systems, and suffered a steady trickle of casualties, including the OC of 1/4th London Fd Co, Major H.H.S. Marsh. 2/3rd London Field Company left St Albans on 22 June, embarked on the SS City of Dunkirk for Le Havre, and joined the rest of the divisional RE at Nœux-les-Mines.


1st Middlesex Engineers, First World War, 47th (1/2nd London) Divisional RE, Loos
The division's first major offensive action was the Battle of Loos. The front lines were opposite Loos-en-Gohelle and on 27 August the divisional RE began work on a new start line. Each night an infantry battalion was brought up from Nœux-les-Mines to dig under the supervision of the sappers, and 2 miles (3.2 km) of trenches were dug in three weeks, including special recesses for gas cylinders. At 06.30 on 25 September, after a 40-minute discharge of poison gas, the infantry of 47th Division 'went over the top' accompanied by parties of sappers.


1st Middlesex Engineers, First World War, 47th (1/2nd London) Divisional RE, Loos
Two sections from 1/3rd Fd Co were with 140th (4th London) Brigade and two from 1/4th Fd Co were with 141st (5th London) Brigade; two more sections of 1/3rd Fd Co were with 142nd (6th London) Brigade, which was only to make a demonstration. The remainder of the Divisional RE was in reserve. Casualties in the attack were moderate, and the division's two attacking brigades took their objectives with the exception of one strongpoint where the Germans held out for 48 hours. Major E.B. Blogg, OC of 1/4th