1st Marine Infantry Regiment, History, World War I, Attachments
February 1916 – November 1918 : 17th Colonial Infantry Division, 17e D.I.CIn 1917, to second battle of Aisne: Bois de Mortier, Mont de Singes (April–May). In 1918, at the fourth battle of Champagne: Montagne de Reims; the second battle of the Marne (July–September), to the battle of Serre (October).


1st Marine Infantry Regiment, History, World War II, Mobilization of coloniales troupes in 1939–1940
On May 10, 1940, the 1st Colonial Infantry Regiment was under the command of colonel Fauchon and part of the 3rd Colonial Infantry Division which reinforced the sector of Montmédy.


1st Marine Infantry Regiment, History, World War II, Mobilization of coloniales troupes in 1939–1940
The 3rd Colonial Division, général Falvy, consisted of the 1st, 21e, 23e R.I.C and 3e and 203e R.A.C. The 3rd Colonial Division disappeared. The division immediately engaged the theatre, in the sector of Sun-sur-Meuse, Stenay, Martincourt, Aviot, Breux north of Verdun, at the level of cote 304 and Mort Homme, lieu of harsh combats in 1916–1917, where combats concentrated. On June 14, the 1er and 23e RIC were engaged in the ravine which separated cote 304 from Mort Homme.


1st Marine Infantry Regiment, History, World War II, Mobilization of coloniales troupes in 1939–1940
At 0630, the cote was crowned, despite a relentless resistance, the armoured contingents crossed the bridge of Bethoncout in direction of Esnes. The bridge was blown-up in the evening and redressed in the same night. The 1st company of the 1e RIC of captain Bertrand counter-attacked. At 17 hours, attacks were ceased. At 19 hours, the French Marines (French: Marsouis) gave their part to other engagements.


1st Marine Infantry Regiment, History, Combats of free France
The regiment was made compagnon de la Libération, June 28, 1945.


1st Marine Infantry Regiment, History, 1945 to present
The regiment was found in A.F.N from 1952 to 1962. Garrisoned in several places, the regiment was part of the 9th Brigade, then 9e DIMa, then 9e BLBMa.


1st Marine Infantry Regiment, History, 1945 to present
The regiment was deployed to Lebanon at the corps of the Multinational Force in Lebanon in 1983, then United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon UNIFIL in 1984.


1st Marine Infantry Regiment, History, 1945 to present
In July 2009, the regiment joined the 3rd Mechanised Brigade which became designated in March 2014 as 3rd Light Armoured Brigade.


1st Marine Infantry Regiment, History, 1945 to present
The regiment has participated in all major operations of the French Army (Lebanon, Bosnia, Kosovo, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Central African Republic, Afghanistan). In 2010 members of the regiment were deployed in Guadeloupe and Djibouti or in operations in Kosovo and Afghanistan.


1st Marine Infantry Regiment, Traditions
The anniversary is celebrated for combats in Bazeilles, the village which was apprehended and abandoned four consecutive times under orders, respectively on August 31 and September 1, 1870.


1st Marine Infantry Regiment, Traditions
The Marsouins and the Bigors have for Saint, God. This war calling concludes intimate ceremonies which part life in the regiments. Often also at origin as an act of grace to Charles de Foucauld.


1st Marine Logistics Group
The 1st Marine Logistics Group (1st MLG) is a logistics unit of the United States Marine Corps and is headquartered at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California, with several subordinate elements also located at Marine Corps Air Station Yuma and Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine Palms.


1st Marine Logistics Group, History
The current 1st Marine Logistics Group was activated on 30 March 1976. The lineage of 1st MLG dates back to 1 July 1947 when it was activated as the 1st Combat Service Group (1st CSG), Service Command, Fleet Marine Force at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. In the same month, 1st CSG was relocated to Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California.


1st Marine Logistics Group, History, Korean War
In August 1950, 1st CSG was deployed to Kobe, Japan; and was subsequently deployed in September 1950 to Inchon, Korea, assigned to the 1st Marine Division. They participated in the Korean War, fighting at Inchon-Seoul, Chosin Reservoir, the East-Central front, and the Western front. In August 1951, they were reassigned to the Fleet Marine Force; and in October 1951, reassigned to the 1st Marine Division. In May 1953, they were again reassigned to Fleet Marine Force and relocated to MCB Camp Pendleton, California.


1st Marine Logistics Group, History, Korean War
On 1 March 1957, 1st CSG was redesignated as the 1st Force Service Regiment.


1st Marine Logistics Group, History, Vietnam War
In May 1965 detachments of 1st FSR were sent to Okinawa and Vietnam. In August 1965 Headquarters Battalion, 1st FSR were sent to Vietnam.


1st Marine Logistics Group, History, Vietnam War
In February 1967, the 1st Force Service Regiment was deployed to the Republic of Vietnam. On 15 February 1967, they were redesignated/assigned as the 1st Force Service Regiment, Force Logistic Command, Fleet Marine Force and assigned to the III Marine Amphibious Force.


1st Marine Logistics Group, History, Vietnam War
They participated in the Vietnam War from February 1967 to April 1971, operating from Da Nang, South Vietnam.


1st Marine Logistics Group, History, 1970s
On 23 April 1971, 1st Force Service Regiment was relocated to Camp Pendleton, California. Then on 30 April 1976, they were redesignated as 1st Force Service Support Group (1st FSSG).


1st Marine Logistics Group, History, 1990s
In the 1990s, 1st FSSG participated in Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm from September 1990 to April 1991; and in Operation Restore Hope in Somalia from December 1992 to February 1993.


1st Marine Logistics Group, History, Global War on Terror
The Marines of 1st MLG were deployed to Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom on four occasions.


1st Marine Logistics Group, History, Global War on Terror
The 1st FSSG deployed to Iraq in early 2003 in response to the continual rejection of UN inspectors. In March 2003, 1st FSSG elements joined the 1st Marine Expeditionary Force (I MEF) in the crossing into Iraq. After approximately one month and the fall of Bagdad, the war was declared over. The Marines of 1st FSSG along with the 1st MEF redeployed back into the States over the rest of the summer 2003.


1st Marine Logistics Group, History, Global War on Terror
In January 2004, the 1st FSSG deployed to Iraq for a second time – for 14 months to various camps in Iraq to include Camp Taqaddum (Headquarters), Camp Fallujah, Al Asad Air Base, Camp Habbiniyah, and, after the Abu Ghraib scandal, they took over guarding the prison as well. The group was involved with Operation Al Fajr (The Second Battle of Fallujah), the operation to retake the city of Fallujah. The artillery that helped bombard the city were stationed in the 1st FSSG HQ area. They returned to Camp Pendleton in early 2006.


1st Marine Logistics Group, History, Global War on Terror
In October 2005, the group was redesignated as 1st Marine Logistics Group in an effort to make the name reflect the mission. The lower subordinate units were reorganized and some renamed.


1st Marine Logistics Group, History, Global War on Terror
In February 2007, the Group returned from their third deployment, having served in several locations, including Camp Fallujah, Camp Taqaddum and Al Asad Air Base. The deployment was part of two seven-month assignments, but many Marines stayed for the greater duration of 14 months.


1st Marine Logistics Group, History, Global War on Terror
In February 2008, under the command of BGen Robert R. Ruark, took over for the 2nd Marine Logistics Group (Forward) at Camp Taqaddum, operating in Al Anbar Province.


1st Marine Logistics Group, History, Global War on Terror
From March 2010 to March 2011 and from February 2012 to September 2012, 1st MLG participated in Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan. Elements of 1st MLG once again participated In Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan from January 2014 to December 2014.


1st Marine Logistics Group, History, Global War on Terror
Elements of 1st MLG also participated in Operation Inherent Resolve in Iraq and Syria from August 2014 through into 2019.


1st Marine Raider Battalion (MARSOC)
The 1st Marine Raider Battalion (1st MRB) is a special operation unit of the United States Marine Corps and a subordinate combat component of the Marine Corps Special Operations Command. The Battalions' organization was finalized in 2006 and is one of three battalions of the Marine Raider Regiment.


1st Marine Raider Battalion (MARSOC), History, Organizational
In October 2006 Marine Corps Special Operations Command (MARSOC) was created at Camp Lejeune North Carolina. The 1st and 2nd Marine Special Operations Battalions were created along with the Marine Special Operations Advisor Group (MSOAG, the predecessor of the 3rd Marine Special Operations Battalion). The majority of the combat personnel assigned to the battalion was drawn from the Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance. The battalion consists of four companies, each company consisting of 4 fifteen-man Marine Special Operations Teams.


1st Marine Raider Battalion (MARSOC), History, Operational
The Marine Corps' Special Operations proof of concept consisted of Det One deploying to Iraq with Navy SEALs from Naval Special Warfare Group 1 in 2004. The initial force structure for the Marine Special Operations Battalions were the 1st and 2nd Force Reconnaissance Companies which then deployed elements to Afghanistan in 2007. The first deployment was marked with controversy and Marines from 2nd Raider Battalion were relieved from their operational charter in the country by an Army General from USSOCOM after claims were made that the Marines reacted inappropriately and caused excessive civilian casualties. In September 2009 the 1st Raider Battalion returned to Afghanistan in command of a joint special operations task force in the northwest of the country.


1st Marine Regiment
The 1st Marine Regiment is an infantry regiment of the United States Marine Corps based at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California. The regiment is under the command of the 1st Marine Division and the I Marine Expeditionary Force. The 1st Marine Regiment is also sometimes referred to as "Regimental Combat Team 1" or "Inchon".


1st Marine Regiment, Subordinate units
The regiment comprises four infantry battalions and one headquarters company:


1st Marine Regiment, History
The 1st Marines were activated in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on 27 November 1913. At this time, it bore the designation of 2nd Advanced Base Regiment. During the 1st Marine Regiment's early years, it was primarily employed as a combat force in the so-called Banana Wars, and in the Caribbean area. The first of these engagements occurred in April 1914, when the regiment landed and seized the Mexican port of Vera Cruz.


1st Marine Regiment, History
They next participated in the Haitian campaign (1915–1916) and the Dominican Republic campaign (1916). On 1 July 1916, this organization was re-designated as the 1st Regiment of Marines. In December 1918, the 1st Regiment returned to the Caribbean and was deployed to Cuba for approximately six months.


1st Marine Regiment, History
Following its second Dominican tour of duty, it was deactivated; but it was subsequently reactivated at Quantico, Virginia on 15 March 1925. The Regiment received its present designation of 1st Marines on 10 July 1930. The 1930s was a period of inactivity in the 1st Marines' history, as the unit was in a deactivated status during most of this time. World War II was the occasion for the next reactivation of the Regiment on 1 February 1941 at Culebra, Puerto Rico as part of the 1st Marine Division.


1st Marine Regiment, History, World War II
The 1st Marines stood at a low state of readiness at the beginning of the war, having just been reconstituted from cadre status; however, the regiment did possess very strong leadership at the higher levels. In June 1942, the 1st Marines set sail from San Francisco on board a mix of eight ships headed for the South Pacific. The 1st Marines landed on the island of Guadalcanal, part of the Solomon Islands, on August 7, 1942 and fought in the Guadalcanal Campaign until relieved on 22 December 1942.


1st Marine Regiment, History, World War II
Some of the heaviest action the regiment saw on Guadalcanal took place on August 21, 1942 during the Battle of the Tenaru, which was the first Japanese counter-attack of the campaign. Following their first campaign, the regiment was sent to Melbourne, Australia to rest and refit. During their stay, there they were billeted in the Melbourne Cricket Ground until leaving in September 1943.


1st Marine Regiment, History, World War II
The 1st Marines' next action was Operation Cartwheel, which was the codename for the campaigns in Eastern New Guinea and New Britain. The regiment was the first ashore at the Battle of Cape Gloucester on December 26, 1943; and continued fighting on the island, at such places as Suicide Creek and Ajar Ridge, until February 1944.


1st Marine Regiment, History, World War II
The 1st Marines next battle was its bloodiest yet – the Battle of Peleliu. The regiment landed on September 15, 1944 as part of the 1st Marine Division's assault on the island. The division's commanding general, Major General William H. Rupertus had predicted the fighting would be, "...tough but short. It'll be over in three of four days – a fight like Tarawa. Rough but fast. Then we can go back to a rest area. ".During the Battle of Peleliu, the regiment was decimated by heavy artillery and accurate small arms fire in the vicinity of Bloody Nose Ridge.


1st Marine Regiment, History, World War II
Repeated frontal assaults with fixed bayonets failed to unseat the Japanese defenders from the 14th Division (Imperial Japanese Army). The 1st Marines fought on Peleliu for 10 days before being pulled off the lines after suffering 58% casualties and no longer being combat effective. Ten days of fighting on Peleliu cost the 1st Marine Regiment 1,749 casualties.


1st Marine Regiment, History, World War II
The last World War II engagement for the regiment was the Battle of Okinawa under the command of Colonel Arthur T. Mason.


1st Marine Regiment, History, World War II
In September 1945, the 1st Marines deployed to North China to take part in the garrisoning of the area and in the repatriation of former enemy personnel. It remained in China until February 1949. It is also likely that they were stationed in North China to bolster the Chinese Nationalists defense against the Chinese Communists. The presence of the 1st Marines was used as leverage by George C. Marshall in 1945–46 to attempt to moderate a settlement to the impending Chinese Civil War. They regiment returned to Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton and was deactivated on October 1, 1949.


1st Marine Regiment, History, Korean War
The Korean War prompted an expansion of the Marine Corps. As a result, the regiment was brought back into existence on 4 August 1950. On 15 September, the 1st Marine Division, including the 1st Marines, assaulted the beaches of Inchon.


1st Marine Regiment, History, Korean War
The regiment then went on to take part in the liberation of Seoul and later in the Chosin Reservoir Campaign. For the next two and one-half years, the 1st Marines continued to engage the North Koreans and Chinese Communists. Following the termination of hostilities in July 1953, the Regiment remained in Korea and acted as a defensive force against possible Communist attempts to rekindle the war. The 1st Marines returned to Camp Pendleton in April 1955. There it stayed for the following ten years, except for a brief deployment to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba and the Caribbean during the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis.


1st Marine Regiment, History, Vietnam War
With the intensification of the American involvement in the war in Vietnam in 1965, the 1st Marine Regiment was quickly deployed to the region. By January 1966, the entire regiment had completed its move to Vietnam. The first major operation in the war for a battalion of the 1st Marines was Operation Harvest Moon in December 1965.


1st Marine Regiment, History, Vietnam War
By fall of 1967, the 1st Marines were operating permanently in the northern sector of the I Corps tactical zone. The following winter the communists launched their all-out Tet Offensive. The enemy overran Hue, the old imperial capital. Between 31 January and 2 March 1968, elements of the 1st Marines, commanded by Col. Stanley Hughes, along with other U.S. Marine and South Vietnamese units, fought to regain control of the city. Bitter street fighting and hand-to-hand combat characterized the battle. Hue was finally recaptured after the enemy suffered nearly 1,900 killed.


1st Marine Regiment, History, Vietnam War
The regiment remained deployed in South Vietnam for the next two and a half years, participating in numerous operations, both large and small. On 28 June 1971, the last members of the regiment departed Da Nang to return to the United States at MCB Camp Pendleton. The 1st Marines were the last marine infantry unit to depart Vietnam.


1st Marine Regiment, History, Post Vietnam era
In the spring of 1975, the 1st Marines provided primary support to the Marine Corps Base at Camp Pendleton for preparation of a camp to house Vietnamese refugees during Operation New Arrivals. In 1983, 1st Marines were assigned responsibility to provide the Ground Combat Element for the WESTPAC MAU. Since the inception of the special operations capable (SOC) marine expeditionary units (MEUs) in support of contingency operations in the Western Pacific, the 1st Marine Regiment has been the SOC regiment of the 1st Marine Division.


1st Marine Regiment, History, Operation Desert Storm and LA riots
In August 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait and 1st Marines deployed in support of Operation Desert Shield. On 30 December 1990, 1st Marines was designated as Task Force Papa Bear. The task force attacked into Kuwait on 23 February and continued its march to the vicinity of Kuwait International Airport, where hostilities ceased on 27 February.


1st Marine Regiment, History, Operation Desert Storm and LA riots
From 1 to 11 May 1992, elements of the regiment deployed to perform riot control operations as part of the Joint Special Purpose Marine Air Ground Task Force Los Angeles. They assumed a prominent role in quelling the urban unrest in South Central Los Angeles.


1st Marine Regiment, History, Operation Iraqi Freedom
In January 2003, 1st Marines deployed for Operation Iraqi Freedom. Organized as a 5,000-man combined arms task force, known as Regimental Combat Team One (RCT-1), the regiment fought its way from Kuwait to Baghdad, with significant actions at An Nasariyah, Al Kut, and Baghdad. On 5 April, commanding officer Colonel Joe D. Dowdy was relieved by Major General James Mattis and replaced by Colonel John Toolan, a highly unusual act. Subsequent to the collapse of the regime, the RCT conducted security and stability operations in Baghdad and Al Hillah until returning home throughout the summer of 2003.


1st Marine Regiment, History, Operation Iraqi Freedom
In February 2004, 1st Marines deployed to the Al Anbar province of Iraq. Upon arrival in theater, 1st Marines formed into RCT-1 and conducted a relief-in-place with 3d Brigade of the 82d Airborne Division. RCT-1 consisted of several major subordinate commands from 1st Marine Division and various smaller attachments from throughout the Marine Corps.


1st Marine Regiment, History, Operation Iraqi Freedom
The RCT's area of operation consisted of numerous cities, most important of which was Al Fallujah. On 31 March 2004, four U.S. citizens working for Blackwater USA were attacked, mutilated and hung on a bridge in the city. On 7 April 2004, Operation Vigilant Resolve commenced in response to these deaths. After intense urban fighting, a political resolution was mandated and the regiment was ordered out of the city.


1st Marine Regiment, History, Operation Iraqi Freedom
Throughout September and October 2004, insurgent presence increased in Fallujah. Led by the 1st Marine Division, Operation Phantom Fury began with an assault north of the city, with four infantry battalions in the attack. Designated the division main effort, RCT-1 (3rd Battalion, 1st Marines) crossed the line of departure on 7 November 2004. After twelve days of intense urban combat, 1st Marine Division had defeated the insurgents and successfully fought its way to the southern end of the city capturing the western half of Fallujah. First Marines returned to Camp Pendleton, California, in April 2005.


1st Marine Regiment, Unit awards
A unit citation or commendation is an award bestowed upon an organization for the action cited. Members of the unit who participated in said actions are allowed to wear on their uniforms the awarded unit citation. The 1st Marine Regiment has been presented with the following awards:


1st Marine Regiment, Medal of Honor recipients
Nineteen Marines from the 1st Marines have been awarded the Medal of Honor: 7 during World War II, 10 during the Korean War, and two during the Vietnam War.


1st Marine Regiment (Sweden)
1st Marine Regiment (Swedish: Stockholms amfibieregemente, Amf 1) is an amphibian regiment of the Swedish Amphibious Corps based at the Berga Naval Base in Berga, Haninge Municipality. Raised from the Vaxholm Coastal Artillery Regiment (KA 1) in 2000 when the Swedish Amphibious Corps was formed, the 1st Marine Regiment has a large geographical spread where units are trained and grouped at Berga, south of Stockholm, in Gothenburg and in Gotland. Although the unit's natural combat environment is coastal zones, river deltas and other amphibious areas, the unit has the ability to operate in all types of terrain, such as desert. The 1st Marine Regiment has participated in operations in, for example, Kosovo, Gulf of Aden, Chad and Afghanistan.


1st Marine Regiment (Sweden), History
Prior to the Defence Act of 2000, the Swedish government's starting point was that only two units were needed to meet the Swedish Armed Forces' future training of coastal artillery units. One unit was intended to be a main unit for the combat arm. Prior to the Defence Act, there were four coastal artillery regiments, Vaxholm Coast Artillery Regiment and the 1st Coastal Artillery Brigade (KA 1) in Vaxholm, Karlskrona Coastal Artillery Regiment and the 2nd Coastal Artillery Brigade (KA 2) in Karlskrona, Gotland Coastal Artillery Regiment (KA 3) on Gotland and Älvsborg Coastal Artillery Regiment (KA 4) in Gothenburg.


1st Marine Regiment (Sweden), History
The government considered that the coastal artillery regiment in Vaxholm would constitute the main unit of the Swedish Armed Forces' basic organization. Given that Vaxholm had an existing infrastructure with a good proximity to the Stockholm archipelago with training areas, which was considered well-dimensioned for the terrain types the unit was expected to operate in. Further arguments for retaining Vaxholm were to maintain coordination with other marine units in the Stockholm area. The government also found that the other coastal artillery regiments lacked the prerequisites to form the main unit for the coastal artillery.


1st Marine Regiment (Sweden), History
On the question of which of the other units that would remain to form a support unit for Vaxholm, was between the coastal artillery regiments in Karlskrona and in Gothenburg. In the overall assessment, it was considered that greater investments in both Gothenburg and Karlskrona would be required, as they both lacked the type of training area that Vaxholm had. On the other hand, both were considered suitable as a support unit for Vaxholm. But the government's choice fell on Gothenburg. Among other things, with the argument that Gothenburg as Sweden's second city needed a military presence.


1st Marine Regiment (Sweden), History
But also the central location in Western Sweden, seen from a conscript travel perspective, contributed to the coastal artillery regiment in Gothenburg. The coastal artillery regiment on Gotland was never relevant to either a main unit or a support unit. As a result, Vaxholm Coastal Artillery Regiment and the 1st Coastal Artillery Brigade (KA 1) in Vaxholm and Älvsborg Coastal Artillery Regiment (KA 4) in Gothenburg remained in the basic organization, while the Karlskrona Coastal Artillery Regiment and the 2nd Coastal Artillery Brigade (KA 2) in Karlskrona and the Gotland Coastal Artillery Regiment (KA 3) on Gotland were disbanded.


1st Marine Regiment (Sweden), History
With the Defence Act, the fixed coastal artillery was discontinued, and the remaining units instead came to form amphibious units, where the two coastal artillery regiments were reorganized into amphibious regiments, which organized one amphibious brigade staff and three amphibious battalions. On 30 June, the coastal artillery was disbanded, and on 1 July 2000, the Swedish Amphibious Corps was formed with the Vaxholm Amphibian Regiment (Amf 1), Älvsborg Amphibian Regiment (Amf 4) and the Amphibious Combat School (Amfibiestridsskolan, AmfSS).


1st Marine Regiment (Sweden), History
Prior to the Defence Act of 2004, the government felt that only one platform for training amphibious units in the basic organization was needed, where the government considered that Vaxholm Amphibian Regiment (Amf 1) should be maintained. Among other things, when referring to the government's bill 1999/2000: 30, where the government highlighted Vaxholm as the main platform because of the good practice conditions in the Stockholm archipelago, and that the valuation that was then made was still valid. It was then found that the regiment in Gothenburg had limited training conditions.


1st Marine Regiment (Sweden), History
Instead of continuing with amphibious training in Vaxholm, the government proposed in its bill that the regiment should be relocated to Haninge/Berga, where the regiment would take over the location from the Svea Helicopter Bttalion (Svea helikopterbataljon) as well as the Swedish Naval Schools (Örlogsskolorna, ÖS). Furthermore, it was considered important that in the future it was important to train unit that could operate also on the West Coast, which meant that the facility at Känsö would be maintained, and constitute a detachment to Vaxholm Amphibian Regiment.


1st Marine Regiment (Sweden), History
On 3 October 2005, the colour was lowered for the last time at Vaxholm Amphibian Regiment (Amf 1) in Vaxholm, in the presence of the Supreme Commander, General Håkan Syrén and other dignitaries. As a result, the military presence in Vaxholm ceased. Later that day, the flag was hoisted at the 1st Amphibian Regiment (Amf 1) in Berga. A decommissioning organization remained in Rindö until 30 June 2006. The last companies were installed in Berga in December 2005. The first big draft was made in January 2006. After the relocation to Berga, the name Första amfibieregementet (Amf 1) was adopted. In 2006, the regiment adopted a shorter name form, in the form of the Amfibieregementet (Amf 1). On 1 October 2021, the regiment adopted the name Stockholm amfibieregemente.


1st Marine Regiment (Sweden), Locations, detachments and training grounds, Locations
The regiment took over the barracks area on Rindö where the Vaxholm Coastal Artillery Regiment (KA 1) was located. The area consisted of two barracks establishments, one of which the Vaxholm Coastal Artillery Regiment was placed to in 1906. The barracks were built after the 1901 Army Building Program after the Fortifikationen ("Royal Engineers") design for the infantry. The area consisted of two main barracks, which was built three stories high. In 1941, the coastal artillery also took over the establishment that was erected in 1907 for the Vaxholm Grenadier Regiment (I 26).


1st Marine Regiment (Sweden), Locations, detachments and training grounds, Locations
It had also been erected according to the 1901 Army Building Program after the Fortifikationen ("Royal Engineers") design for the infantry. Just like the coastal artillery barracks, the barracks were built in only three floors, which was due to fortification reasons. The architect of the barracks establishments was Erik Josephson. After the Riksdag decided that the regiment was to be relocated to Berga Naval Base in Haninge Municipality, the move began on 1 January 2005, and ended on 30 June 2006. Vasallen AB took over as owner of the barracks area in Vaxholm on 1 October 2005. From 1 July 2006, the entire portfolio was to transferred Vasallen AB, which has since transformed the area into a residential area.


1st Marine Regiment (Sweden), Locations, detachments and training grounds, Locations
At Berga, the area was originally built in 1946 for the Berga Naval Training Schools. The barracks area is constructed after the design of the 1940 Military Building Investigation, and also includes Berga Castle built in 1915. From 1961, in addition to the harbor, the area also included Berga Heliport which was erected for the 1st Helicopter Division (1. helikopterdivisionen). Both the naval schools and the helicopter operations were disbanded in Berga through the Defence Act of 2004, which was taken over by the 1st Marine Regiment during a ceremony on 3 October 2005.


1st Marine Regiment (Sweden), Locations, detachments and training grounds, Locations
Combat Boat 90 and Griffon 8100TD at Berga Naval Base.


1st Marine Regiment (Sweden), Locations, detachments and training grounds, Detachments
The regiment has two detachments, one in Gothenburg in the form of the 17. bevakningsbåtskompaniet and the 132. säkerhetskompani sjö, and one on Gotland in the form of the 32nd Home Guard Battalion (32. hemvärnsbataljonen).


1st Marine Regiment (Sweden), Locations, detachments and training grounds, Training grounds
The regiment uses the following training areas: Askö, Berga, Korsö, Mellsten, Roten, Stabbo, Tofta, Utö and Väddö.


1st Marine Regiment (Sweden), Heraldry and traditions, Colours, standards and guidons
Vaxholm Amphibian Regiment initially carried the colour which until 30 June 2000 was carried by the Vaxholm Coastal Artillery Regiment (KA 1). On 12 June 2003, the regiment was presented with a new colour by His Majesty the King and Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland at Vaxholm Fortress. Blazon: "On red cloth in the centre the badge of the former Coastal Artillery; two gun barrels of older pattern in saltire between a royal crown proper and a blazing grenade and waves, all in yellow.


1st Marine Regiment (Sweden), Heraldry and traditions, Colours, standards and guidons
In the first corner the badge of the town Vaxholm; from a wavy base the front of a sailing ship and a tower issuant, both white, in the second corner the provincial badge of Gotland; a white ram passant, armed yellow, a yellow crosstaff and a red banner with edging and five flaps in yellow (a legacy from the former Gotland Coastal Artillery Regiment, KA 3)." The colour was drawn by Kristina Holmgård-Åkerberg and embroidered by hand in insertion technique by Maj-Britt Salander, company Blå Kusten.


1st Marine Regiment (Sweden), Heraldry and traditions, Colours, standards and guidons
On 5 September 2005, the commanding officer of Älvsborg Amphibian Regiment (Amf 4), colonel Stefan Gustafsson, presented its colour to the commanding officer of the 1st Amphibian Regiment, colonel Lars-Olof Corneliusson. The colour has since been carried by the amphibian detachment in Gothenburg. On 27 January 2017, the unit was presented with a new colour, which then replaced the 2003 colour. The colour was handed over by His Majesty the King, and was received by colonel Peder Ohlsson at the regiment headquarters at Berga.


1st Marine Regiment (Sweden), Heraldry and traditions, Colours, standards and guidons
The colour bears a motif of two gun barrels of older pattern in saltire between a royal crown proper and a blazing grenade and waves. Embroidery is made in yellow on a red background. The upper left corner shows the badge of Vaxholm and in the lower left corner the badge of Gotland. It took 1,204 hours to manufacture the colour and it was delivered by the Swedish Army Museum.


1st Marine Regiment (Sweden), Heraldry and traditions, Medals and insignias
In 2000, the Vaxholms amfibieregemente (Amf 1) förtjänstmedalj ("Vaxholm Amphibious Regiment (Amf 1) Medal for Merit") in gold and silver (VaxamfregGM/SM) of the 8th size was established. The medal ribbon is of blue moiré with a yellow stripe towards each edge and a yellow line on the middle followed on both sides by first a green stripe and then a yellow line.


1st Marine Regiment (Sweden), Heraldry and traditions, Medals and insignias
In 2005, the Amfibieregementets förtjänstmedalj ("Amphibian Regiment Medal of Merit") in bronze (designation: AmfregBM) was established, which was awarded to staff who left in connection with the Defense Act of 2004.


1st Marine Regiment (Sweden), Heraldry and traditions, Medals and insignias
Vaxholm Amphibious Regiment (Amf 1) Medal for Merit in silver


1st Marine Regiment (Sweden), Heraldry and traditions, Heritage
The regiment is primarily responsible for the tradition of the Älvsborg Amphibian Regiment (Amf 4), Södertörn Marine Brigade (SMB) and Gotland Regiment (P 18) as well as older ships, who bear the same name as the regiment's current ships. Secondly, the regiment is responsible for the tradition of all older amphibian and coastal artillery units, that is to say, the coastal defense defence (BK, GbK, SK, GK/KA 3, NK/KA 5), coastal artillery regiments/corps (KA 1, KA 2, KA 3, KA 4 and KA 5) as well as the Roslagen Marine Brigade (RMB). The responsibility of the traditions for Gotland Regiments (P 18), Roslagen Marine Brigade and Södertörn Marine Brigade rests on the home guard battalions at Gotland Group (Gotlandsgruppen, GLG) and the Södertörn Group (Södertörnsgruppen, UGS).


1st Marine Surveillance Flotilla
1st Marine Surveillance Flotilla, China Marine Surveillance (Chinese: 中国海监第一支队) is under North China Sea Branch, State Oceanic Administration and North China Sea Fleet (CMS). Its main task is to administer Chinese waters in Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea. Its headquarters is at Qingdao, Shandong.


1st Maryland Cavalry Battalion, Potomac Home Brigade
1st Maryland Cavalry Battalion, Potomac Home Brigade, originally organized as the 1st Potomac Home Brigade Cavalry, "Cole's Cavalry" was formed under the guidance of Henry A. Cole (from Frederick, Maryland). There are also references to it being designated as Cole's 1st Volunteer Maryland Cavalry. The unit, a battalion, originally consisted of four companies, A, B, C & D and was initially enlisted between August 10 and November 27, 1861.


1st Maryland Cavalry Battalion, Potomac Home Brigade, Organization and History
Company A was made-up of men mostly from Frederick, Maryland and the surrounding area and was initially commanded by Cole; B was recruited from the western part of Maryland (Hagerstown, Clear Spring, Cumberland, etc.) and was commanded by Capt. William Firey; C was recruited primarily from Emmitsburg, Maryland and Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and was commanded by Capt. John Horner; and D was made-up of men mostly from Baltimore City and Howard County, Maryland, and was commanded by Capt. Pearce K. Curll.


1st Maryland Cavalry Battalion, Potomac Home Brigade, Organization and History
Company B served, through March 1863, independent of the battalion, mostly in West Virginia, western Maryland, and the northern part of the Shenandoah Valley. The company was present in action as South Branch Bridge, West Virginia (October 26, 1861) and at the Battle of Kernstown (March 22, 1862), and spent much of 1862 in the area of Romney, West Virginia, on duty as a scouting force. They were in action again at Grass Lick, West Virginia, on April 23, 1862, and at Wardensville, West Virginia, on May 7, 1862.


1st Maryland Cavalry Battalion, Potomac Home Brigade, Organization and History
The company regularly served along with Colonel Andrew Thomas McReynolds’ Cavalry [the 1st New York "Lincoln" Cavalry]. It joined General Jacob Dolson Cox’s Brigade in pursuit of J.E.B. Stuart, during his October 1862 raid into Pennsylvania. For the balance of the year, through early 1863, the company operated along the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and around Martinsburg, West Virginia.


1st Maryland Cavalry Battalion, Potomac Home Brigade, Organization and History
Companies A, C, and D of the battalion served initially as an unattached unit of the Dept. of West Virginia, to January, 1862, and were later in the service of Frederick W. Lander's Division. The list of engagements for these three companies is extensive and includes, Hancock, Md. (January 5–6, 1862), Bloomery Gap (February 14, 1862), the advance on Winchester (March 2–12), Martinsburg, West Virginia (March 3, 1862), Bunker Hill (this was just Co. A), West Virginia (March 5, 1862), action between Bunker Hill and Winchester (March 7, 1862), Stephenson's Depot (March 7–8), Winchester (March 12, 1862), Kernstown (March 22, 1862), Winchester (March 23, 1862), Edinburg, Va. (April 1), and Charles Town, West Virginia (May 28).


1st Maryland Cavalry Battalion, Potomac Home Brigade, Organization and History
On paper, the companies were consolidated into a Battalion on August 1, 1862, and designated as Cole's Battalion, Potomac Home Brigade Cavalry, Capt. Henry Cole receiving the rank of major. At that time, with Cole's promotion, Lt. George W.F. Vernon was raised to command of Company A, with the rank of captain. Despite the consolidation, Company B continued to operate independently of the battalion through March 1863.


1st Maryland Cavalry Battalion, Potomac Home Brigade, Organization and History
Meanwhile, Cole's Battalion continued to see regular and active service, participating in action at the Battle of Mile Hill, Leesburg, Va., September 2, 1862; Edwards' Ferry, Md., September 4; Monocacy Creek September 4; Reconnaissance to Lovettsville September 4; Maryland Heights and siege of Harper's Ferry, West Virginia September 12–14 (when the battalion led the way in cutting through enemy lines and evading capture). During the escape from Harpers Ferry, Cole's Battalion encountered and captured Confederate Gen. James Longstreet's ammunition train at Sharpsburg, Maryland, on September 15.


1st Maryland Cavalry Battalion, Potomac Home Brigade, Organization and History
The battalion participated in harassing Gen. J.E.B. Stuart in his raid into Pennsylvania and engaged portions of the Confederate cavalry force at Hyattstown, Md. on October 12. After that, the battalion saw action at Charles Town, November 14; Berryville, December 1; Charles Town, December 2; Winchester, December 5; Halltown, December 20.


1st Maryland Cavalry Battalion, Potomac Home Brigade, Organization and History
After Company B rejoined the battalion on March 21, 1863, at Kearneysville, West Virginia, the battalion, for the first time a complete force, participated later that spring at Charles Town, May 16; Berryville, June 13; Martinsburg, June 14; Winchester, June 15 (Co. B); Williamsport, June 15; Catoctin Creek, June 17; Frederick, Md., June 21; Sharpsburg, July; Fountain Dale, Pa., July; Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1–3; near Emmittsburg, July 4; Falling Waters, July 6; Harper's Ferry, July 6; Smithfield, August 23.


1st Maryland Cavalry Battalion, Potomac Home Brigade, Organization and History
In August (26th) and September (12th-16th), the battalion sent scouts into Loudoun County, Virginia. The list of actions continues with Catoctin Mountain, September 14; Loudoun Valley, Va., September 25; Loudoun Valley and Summit Point, October 7; Charles Town, October 7 (Co. B); Snickersville, Leesburg, Rector's Cross Roads and Bloomfield, September 14; Upperville, September 25; Berryville, October 18; near Annandale, October 22; expedition from Charles Town to New Market, November 15–18; Mt. Jackson, November 16; Ashby's Gap, November; Upperville, December 10; Edinburg, December 17; New Market, December 18; Harrisonburg and Staunton, December 21.


1st Maryland Cavalry Battalion, Potomac Home Brigade, Organization and History
In 1864, action against John S. Mosby's Rangers continued, the battalion engaging them at Rectortown, January 1, 1864. In the dark morning hours and freezing cold temperatures of January 10, 1864, Mosby attempted to make an attack upon the camp of Cole's Battalion at the Battle of Loudoun Heights and was soundly defeated in the effort. Following this action, the battalion was engaged at Romney, Moorefield, and Mechanicsville Gap, February 4.


1st Maryland Cavalry Battalion, Potomac Home Brigade, Organization and History
On February 13, 1864, many members of the battalion reenlisted prior to going into action again at Upperville/Blackley's Grove on February 20.


1st Maryland Cavalry Battalion, Potomac Home Brigade, Organization and History
The battalion was increased to a full regiment with the action of eight new companies, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, and M. Organized at Baltimore and Frederick from February 9 to April 23, 1864, elements of the new regiment participated in Gen. Franz Sigel's expedition from Martinsburg, W. Va., to New Market, Va., on April 30-May 16, and saw action at the Battle of New Market, May 13–15.


1st Maryland Cavalry Battalion, Potomac Home Brigade, Organization and History
After recovering from the defeat at New Market, the regiment participated next in Gen. David Hunter's expedition to Lynchburg May 26-July 1, participating in action at Harrisonburg, June 3 and the Battle of Piedmont, June 5. After the occupation of Staunton on June 6, the regiment participated in action at Tye River, June 12; Lexington, June 13; Buckhannon, June 14; the Battle of Lynchburg, June 17–18; and the Catawba Mountains and near Salem, Va., June 21.


1st Maryland Cavalry Battalion, Potomac Home Brigade, Organization and History
Once back in the normal operating area around Martinsburg, the command saw action at Leetown and Shepardstown, July 3 (Detachment); Keedysville, July 5; Frederick, Md., July 11–12; Maryland Heights, Brownsville, Crampton's Gap and Herndon July ---; Purcelleville, July 16; Snicker's Ferry, July 17–18; Ashby's Gap and Winchester, July 19; Kernstown, July 23–24; Winchester, Bunker Hill, and Martinsburg, July 25; Snicker's Gap, July 25; Falling Waters, July 26; Hagerstown, July 29–30; Keedysville, August 5; Winchester, August 17; Opequan Creek, August 18, 19 and 20; near Berryville, August 21; near Charles Town, August 21–22; Antietam, August 22; Williamsport, August 26; Summit Point, August 30; White Post, September 3; Winchester, September 19; Fisher's Hill, September 22; and the Battle of Cedar Creek, October 19.


1st Maryland Cavalry Battalion, Potomac Home Brigade, Organization and History
Following the defeat of Jubal Early in the Shenandoah Valley, Cole's Regiment served on duty in West Virginia, operating against Mosby and guarding Baltimore & Ohio Railroad until June, 1865. Cole's Regiment was mustered out on June 28, 1865. In the course of its service, the regiment lost 2 officers and 45 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded, 2 officers and 120 enlisted men by disease.


1st Maryland Cavalry Regiment
The 1st Maryland Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment of the Union Army during the American Civil War.


1st Maryland Cavalry Regiment, Service
Companies organized and mustered in between April and August 1861 in Baltimore and Pennsylvania, and served in the Department of West Virginia and the Army of the Potomac; in Hatch's Cavalry Brigade, Department of the Shenandoah, from March, 1862; in the Cavalry Brigade, 2nd Corps (really the old 5th Corps), Army of Virginia, from June 1862; with the Cavalry Brigade, 11th Corps, Army of the Potomac, from September 1862; various brigades/divisions, Cavalry Corps, Army of the Potomac, from January 1863; Provost Marshal General's Command, Army of the Potomac, from October 1863; from June 1864 in 10th Corps, Army of the James, then in the 3rd Brigade of the Cavalry Division, Army of the James, until April, 1865; cavalry and duty in the Department of Virginia until mustered out in August 1865.


1st Maryland Cavalry Regiment, Service
The regiment particularly distinguished itself at the cavalry battles of Brandy Station and Gettysburg. During part of its time in 10th Corps, the regiment fought dismounted, and for the remainder was brigaded with the 1st Regiment New York Mounted Rifles.


1st Maryland Cavalry Regiment, Total strength and casualties
The regiment lost 3 officers and 65 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded and 3 officers and 130 enlisted men to disease.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment (Confederate)
The 1st Maryland Infantry, CSA was a regiment of the Confederate army, formed shortly after the commencement of the American Civil War in April 1861. The unit was made up of volunteers from Maryland who, despite their home state remaining in the Union during the war, chose instead to fight for the Confederacy. The regiment saw action at the First Battle of Manassas, in the Shenandoah Valley Campaign, and in the Peninsular Campaign. It was mustered out of service in August 1862, its initial term of duty having expired. Many of its members, unable or unwilling to return to Union-occupied Maryland, went on to join a new regiment, the 2nd Maryland Infantry, CSA, which was formed in its place.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment (Confederate), History, Baltimore riots of April 1861
After the bombardment of Fort Sumter on April 12–14, 1861, President Lincoln called for the states to send troops to preserve the Union. On April 19, Southern sympathizers in Baltimore attacked Union troops passing through by rail, causing what were arguably the first casualties of the Civil War. Major General George H. Steuart, commander of the Maryland State Militia, and most of his senior officers were strongly sympathetic to the Confederacy. He ordered the militia to turn out, armed and uniformed, to repel Federal soldiers. Perhaps knowing of these sympathies, and that public opinion in Baltimore was divided, Governor Thomas Holliday Hicks did not order out the militia.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment (Confederate), History, Joining the Confederacy
During the early summer of 1861, several thousand Marylanders crossed the Potomac river to join the Confederate Army. Most of the men enlisted into regiments from Virginia or the Carolinas, but six companies of Marylanders formed at Harpers Ferry into the Maryland Battalion. Among them were members of the former volunteer militia unit, the Maryland Guard Battalion, initially formed in Baltimore in 1859.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment (Confederate), History, Joining the Confederacy
Captain Bradley T. Johnson, commander of Company A., refused the offer of the Virginians to join a Virginia Regiment, insisting that Maryland should be represented independently in the Confederate army. When the regiment was organized the first commander was Colonel Francis J. Thomas, a graduate of West Point in the class 1844. His choice as commander was vocally objected by several company commanders, and on June 8 he was relieved of command. It was agreed that Arnold Elzey, a seasoned career officer from Maryland, would take command. His executive officer was the Marylander George H. Steuart, who would later be known as "Maryland Steuart" to distinguish him from his more famous cavalry colleague JEB Stuart.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment (Confederate), History, Joining the Confederacy
The 1st Maryland Infantry Regiment was officially formed on June 16, 1861, and, on June 25, two additional companies joined the regiment in Winchester. Its initial term of duty was for twelve months.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Civil War
In June 1861 General Johnston evacuated Harper's Ferry, and the 1st Maryland was ordered to assist in destroying its arsenal of weaponry.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Civil War, Battle of First Manassas
At the First Battle of Manassas, also known as the First Battle of Bull Run, on July 21, 1861, the 1st Maryland was combined with the 13th Virginia Infantry, 10th Virginia Infantry and 3rd Tennessee Regiments to form the 4th Brigade, led by Brigadier General E. Kirby Smith. Smith's men were late in arriving at the battle and approached the Confederate left near Chinn Ridge. The battle got off to a bad start when Elzey was forced to assume temporary command of the brigade, as General Smith was shot from his horse and injured by enemy fire.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Civil War, Battle of First Manassas
However, Elzey was able to bring his men into line facing the flank of the Federal army, the brigade commanded by General Oliver O. Howard. His men advanced to the edge of a wood without being detected by the Union army and opened fire, after which they charged over open ground into the Union position. Soon they were joined by Colonel Jubal A. Early on the Confederate left flank and shortly afterwards Howard's line began to disintegrate. As the federal forces fled, General Beauregard congratulated Elzey, commending him as "the Blucher of the day".


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Civil War, Battle of First Manassas
After the battle Elzey was promoted to brigade commander, and Colonel George H. Steuart was given command of the 1st Maryland Regiment. Major Bradley Johnson was appointed his second in command.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Civil War, Battle of First Manassas
During the winter of 1861-2 the regiment was quartered at Centerville. In April 1862 it was marched back to the Rappahannock River, and assigned to the command of General Richard S. Ewell, following which the regiment joined General "Stonewall" Jackson in the Shenandoah Valley, meeting him at Luray, Virginia. At this point an unsuccessful attempt was made to form a "Maryland Line" in the CSA, uniting all Maryland units under one command.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Civil War, Training and discipline
Under Steuart's command the regiment was drilled relentlessly. Steuart soon began to acquire a reputation as a strict disciplinarian, eventually gaining the admiration of his men, though initially unpopular as a result. Steuart was said to have ordered his men to sweep the bare dirt inside their bivouacs and, rather more eccentrically, was prone to sneaking through the lines past unwitting sentries, in order to test their vigilance. On one occasion this plan backfired, as Steuart was pummeled and beaten by a sentry who later claimed not to have recognized the general.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Civil War, Training and discipline
Eventually however, Steuart's "rigid system of discipline quietly and quickly conduced to the health and morale of this splendid command." According to Major W W Goldsborough, who served under Steuart at Gettysburg: "...it was not only his love for a clean camp, but a desire to promote the health and comfort of his men that made him unyielding in the enforcement of sanitary rules. You might influence him in some things, but never in this".


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Civil War, Training and discipline
George Wilson Booth, a young officer in Steuart's command at Harper's Ferry in 1861, recalled in his memoirs:"The Regiment, under his master hand, soon gave evidence of the soldierly qualities which made it the pride of the army and placed the fame of Maryland in the very foreground of the Southern States".


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Civil War, Shenandoah campaign and the expiry of the regiment's term of duty
On May 17 the initial 12-month term of duty of C Company expired, and the men began to clamor for their immediate discharge. By this time Steuart had been promoted brigadier general, assigned with the task of forming the Maryland Line, and Colonel Bradley Tyler Johnson had succeeded to command of the regiment. Johnson reluctantly agreed with the men, but could not disband the entire regiment in mid-campaign, and discontent began to spread. By May 22, on the eve of the Battle of Front Royal, discontent became open mutiny. Steuart and Johnson argued with the men to no avail, though news of the rebellion was kept secret from General Jackson. When given orders to engage the enemy, Johnson addressed his soldiers:


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Civil War, Shenandoah campaign and the expiry of the regiment's term of duty
Johnson's speech seems to have worked where threats had failed, and the Marylanders rallied to the regimental colors, seizing their weapons and crying "lead us to the enemy and we will prove to you that we are not cowards"


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Civil War, Battle of Front Royal
At the Battle of Front Royal, May 23, 1862, the 1st Maryland was thrown into battle with their fellow Marylanders, the Union 1st Regiment Maryland Volunteer Infantry. This is the only time in United States military history that two regiments of the same numerical designation and from the same state have engaged each other in battle. After hours of desperate fighting the Southerners emerged victorious. When the prisoners were taken, many men recognized former friends and family. According to Goldsborough:


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Civil War, Battle of Front Royal
Among the prisoners was Charles Goldsborough, captured by his brother, William Goldsborough, who would go on to write the history of the Maryland Line in the Confederate Army.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Civil War, Battle of Winchester
Just two days later, on May 25, 1862, the 1st Maryland fought again at the First Battle of Winchester, another Confederate victory. After the battle, Colonel Johnson, who was described by Goldsborough as "one of the handsomest men in the First Maryland", was the recipient of some not entirely welcome female attention:


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Civil War, Battle of Cross Keys
The unit again saw action at the Battle of Cross Keys on June 8, where the 1st Maryland were placed on General Ewell's left, successfully fighting off three assaults by Federal troops. At Cross Keys George H. Steuart, was severely injured in the shoulder by grape shot, and had to be carried from the battlefield. A ball from a canister shot had struck him in the shoulder and broken his collarbone, causing a "ghastly wound". The injury did not heal well, and did not begin to improve at all until the ball was removed under surgery in August. It would prevent him from returning to the field for almost an entire year, until May 1863.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Civil War, Peninsula Campaign
On June 26 the 1st Maryland fought at the Battle of Gaines' Mill where the regiment held off an assault by Federal infantry until the Baltimore Light Artillery could be wheeled into place to dislodge the Federal troops. They saw action the next day when they participated in an attack which captured a number of guns, weapons and many prisoners.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Civil War, Peninsula Campaign
The regiment also saw action on 1 July 1862 at the Battle of Malvern Hill, this time a Union victory. The regiment was held in reserve, but still suffered severe casualties from the heavy barrage of the Federal artillery. On July 2 they fought off a Federal cavalry attack in a brief skirmish.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Civil War, Disbandment
By late summer the Southern capital of Richmond, Virginia was considered safe from Federal attack, and the Regiment's one-year term of duty having expired, it was soon disbanded. Company A. was assigned to escort duty, bringing General Jackson's prisoners to Richmond, and soon after this it was mustered out of service. On August 17 the rest of the regiment was also disbanded at Gordonsville, Virginia. In September 1862 the regiment's former commander, Colonel Bradley Tyler Johnson, and many members of his staff, finding themselves without a command, offered their services to General "Stonewall Jackson".


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Civil War, Disbandment
However, the soldiers of the disbanded regiment found themselves in a precarious position, being unable to return home to Union-occupied Maryland, having effectively committed themselves to the Confederacy for the duration of the war. With little choice but to fight on, many went on to join other units of artillery, or cavalry, while others waited to form a new Maryland Infantry Regiment, which would become known as the 2nd Maryland Infantry, CSA in order to distinguish it from the original regiment. The new regiment would suffer such severe casualties during the course of the war that, by the time of General Robert E. Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865, only around forty men remained.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment (Union)
The 1st Regiment Maryland Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment (Union), Service
The 1st Maryland was organized at Baltimore, Maryland and 4 companies (A, B, C and D) were mustered into Union service on May 16, 1861. The regiment moved to Relay House on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad where additional companies (E, F, G, H, I and K) were mustered between May 25 and May 27.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment (Union), Service
The regiment's first commanding officer was Colonel John Reese Kenly, a Baltimore attorney who had served in Mexican–American War as a major of volunteers. When Kenly was promoted to Brigadier Genreral in August 1862, the new regimental commander was Colonel David Leroy Stanton.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment (Union), Service, Battle of Front Royal
In March 1862 the 1st Maryland was assigned to Maj. Gen. Nathaniel Banks forces operating in the Shenandoah Valley. The regiment was station at Front Royal on May 23, 1862, when it was attacked by Maj. Gen. Stonewall Jackson's Army of the Valley. Surprised and outnumbered, the 1st Maryland put up a stubborn rearguard action during which Col. Kenly was wounded. Union casualties were 83 killed and wounded, and 691 captured. The prisoners were paroled in September 1862.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment (Union), Service, Battle of Front Royal
The battle is notable in that the Union 1st Maryland had been attacked by their fellow Marylanders, the Confederate 1st Maryland Infantry, CSA. This is the only time in United States military history that two regiments of the same numerical designation and from the same state have engaged each other in battle. After hours of desperate fighting the Southerners emerged victorious. When the prisoners were taken, many men recognized former friends and family. According to J. J. Goldsborough, who would go on to write the history the Maryland Line in the Confederate Army:


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment (Union), Service, Battle of Front Royal
nearly all recognized old friends and acquaintances, whom they greeted cordially, and divided with them the rations which had just changed hands.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment (Union), Service, Losses
The 1st Maryland lost 8 officers and 110 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded, and 1 officer and 148 enlisted men to disease during its service.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment, Potomac Home Brigade
The 1st Maryland Infantry Regiment, Potomac Home Brigade was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment, Potomac Home Brigade, Service
The 1st Maryland Infantry, Potomac Home Brigade was organized at Frederick, Maryland, beginning August 15, 1861, and mustered in on December 13, 1861, for three years under the command of Colonel William P. Maulsby Sr.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment, Potomac Home Brigade, Service
Companies A, B, D and I were recruited in Frederick County. Company C was recruited from Baltimore City. Companies E, F and H were recruited from Washington County. Company G comprised men from Baltimore, Carroll and Frederick Counties. Company K was from recruited Baltimore city and Frederick County.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment, Potomac Home Brigade, Service
The regiment was attached to Banks' Division, Army of the Potomac, to March 1862. Unassigned, Banks' V Corps, and Department of the Shenandoah to May 1862. Railroad District, Middle Department, to July 1862. Railroad District, VIII Corps, Middle Department, to September 1862. Annapolis, Maryland, VIII Corps, to March 1863. 1st Separate Brigade, VIII Corps, to June 1863. Lockwood's Brigade, VIII Corps, to July 1863. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, XII Corps, Army of the Potomac, July 1863. 2nd Brigade, Maryland Heights, Division West Virginia, to December 1863. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, West Virginia, to April 1864. Reserve Division, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, to January 1865. 3rd Brigade, 3rd Division, West Virginia, to April 1865.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment, Potomac Home Brigade, Service
The 1st Maryland Infantry, Potomac Home Brigade mustered out of the service August through December 1864. The regiment continued to recruit for veteran service, and its designation was changed to the 13th Maryland Infantry.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment, Potomac Home Brigade, Detailed service
Railroad guard duty until March 1862. Advance on Winchester, Va., March 7–12. Strasburg March 27. Guarding Baltimore & Ohio Railroad until May. Concentrated at Harpers Ferry May 24, and action at Loudon Heights May 27. Defense of Harpers Ferry May 28–30. Guard Baltimore & Ohio Railroad until September. Action at Monocacy Aqueduct September 4. Poolesville September 5. Concentrated at Sandy Hook and march to Harpers Ferry. Siege of Harper's Ferry September 12–15. Maryland Heights September 13. Harpers Ferry September 14–15. Surrendered September 15 and paroled September 16.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment, Potomac Home Brigade, Detailed service
Sent to Annapolis, Md., and when exchanged assigned to duty on the Potomac in southern Maryland to June 1863. Martinsburg June 14. At point Lookout June. Joined Lockwood's Brigade and march to Gettysburg, Pa., June 25-July 2. Battle of Gettysburg July 2–3. Pursuit of Lee July 5–24. Guard duty on Baltimore Ohio Railroad in Maryland and Virginia until May 1864. Operations against Early's invasion of Maryland June and July. Duffield Station June 29. Battle of Monocacy July 9. Moved from Monocacy to Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, and duty in that district until April 1865.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment, Potomac Home Brigade, Detailed service, Gettysburg, First Day
Under command of Col. Maulsby, the regiment formed part of 2nd Brigade (Brig. Gen. Henry H. Lockwood), 1st Division (Brig. Gen. Alpheus S. Williams), XII Corps (Maj. Gen. Henry W. Slocum) at the Battle of Gettysburg. The regiment mustered 674 all ranks, making it the largest regiment in the Army of the Potomac. The regiment reached Gettysburg during the afternoon of July 1, but was not engaged.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment, Potomac Home Brigade, Detailed service, Gettysburg, Second Day
On the morning of July 2, the regiment constructed breastworks south of Culp's Hill at McAlister's Woods. The entire division was withdrawn later in the day and sent south to support a section of the Union line under attack by Longstreet's Corps. Returning to Culp's Hill that evening, the regiment discovered that its breastworks had been captured by Confederates of Maj. Gen. Edward "Allegheny" Johnson's division.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment, Potomac Home Brigade, Detailed service, Gettysburg, Third Day
On July 3, the regiment fought to hold ground against renewed attacks by Johnson's division. Bloody fighting continued until around 11:00 a.m. when Johnson finally broke off his attack. XII Corps commander Brig. Gen. Alpheus Williams wrote: "The wonder is that the rebels persisted so long in an attempt that the first half hour must have told them was useless."


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment, Potomac Home Brigade, Detailed service, Gettysburg, Losses
The regiment mustered 674 all ranks at the beginning of the battle. It lost 104 killed, wounded, captured and missing.


1st Maryland Infantry Regiment, Potomac Home Brigade, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 131 men during service; 3 officers and 42 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 1 officer and 85 enlisted men died of disease.


1st Maryland Regiment
The 1st Maryland Regiment (Smallwood's Regiment) originated with the authorization of a Maryland Battalion of the Maryland State Troops on 14 January 1776. It was organized in the spring at Baltimore, Maryland (three companies) and Annapolis, Maryland (six companies) under the command of Colonel William Smallwood consisting of eight companies and one light infantry company from the northern and western counties of the colony of Maryland.


1st Maryland Regiment, History
On 6 July 1776, the Maryland Battalion was assigned to the main Continental Army. On 12 August 1776, it was assigned to Stirling's Brigade and five days later (17 August 1776) adopted into the main Continental Army. On 31 August, the Maryland Battalion was reassigned from Stirling's Brigade to McDougall's Brigade. On 19 September 1776 the Maryland Independent Companies were assigned to the Maryland Battalion. This element was relieved from McDougall's Brigade on 10 November 1776. From 10 December 1776 to January 1777, the element was assigned to Mercer's Brigade.


1st Maryland Regiment, History
In January 1777 this element was re-organized to eight companies and was re-designated as the 1st Maryland Regiment and assigned to the 1st Maryland Brigade on 22 May 1777 of the main continental Army. On 12 May 1779, the regiment was re-organized to nine companies. On 5 April 1780, the 1st Maryland Brigade was reassigned to the Southern Department. On 1 January 1781, it was reassigned to the Maryland Brigade of the Southern Department. The regiment would see action during the New York Campaign, Battle of Trenton, Battle of Princeton, Battle of Brandywine, Battle of Germantown, Battle of Monmouth, Battle of Camden and the Battle of Guilford Court House. The regiment was furloughed 27 July 1783 at Baltimore and disbanded on 15 November 1783.


1st Maryland Regiment, History
The Maryland Battalion distinguished itself at the Battle of Long Island by single-handedly covering the retreat of the American forces against numerically superior British and Hessian forces, with a group of men memorialized as the Maryland 400. Thereafter, General George Washington relied heavily upon the Marylanders as one of the few reliable fighting units in the early Continental Army. For this reason, Maryland is sometimes known as "The Old Line State." The lineage of this unit is perpetuated by the 175th Infantry Regiment, Maryland Army National Guard.


1st Maryland Regiment, Battle of Brooklyn
The Maryland Regiment had joined the Continental Army barely two weeks before the Battle of Long Island. Unlike most of Washington's Army, the Maryland contingent had been well drilled at home and were so well equipped – they even had bayonets, a rarity for the Army – that the Regiment was known at home as the Dandy Fifth, and to the rest of the Army as "macaronis", the then current word for dandies. The Marylanders were put under Lord Stirling's brigade.


1st Maryland Regiment, Battle of Brooklyn
When the British under Cornwallis surprised the Americans by circling around their rear, Stirling ordered all forces, other than the Marylanders, who were outside the fortified position on Brooklyn Heights to retreat there leaving behind himself and 4 companies of the 1st Maryland. Stirling led these men (who would come to be known as "The Maryland 400") against Cornwallis' 2,000 British soldiers who were massed around the Old Stone House, a thick-walled fieldstone and brick fortification near today's Fifth Avenue and 3rd Street that had been built in 1699 to withstand Indian raids.


1st Maryland Regiment, Battle of Brooklyn
In fierce fighting, the Marylanders charged the British forces six times to give their comrades time to make their way to safety with the rest of Washington's army in the Heights. Twice they managed to drive the British from the house, but as more British reinforcements arrived and the Marylanders casualties mounted, they finally had to give up the assault and try to get to safety themselves. Only Major Mordecai Gist and nine others managed to reach the American lines.


1st Maryland Regiment, Battle of Brooklyn
Of the others, 256 lay dead in front of the Old Stone House and more than 100 were wounded/and or captured. The bravery of the Maryland Regiment earned them the name "immortals". The dead were buried in a mass grave consisting of six trenches in a farm field. The gravesite is located on what is now Third Avenue between 7th and 8th Streets.


1st Maryland Regiment, Battle of Brooklyn
Until the widening of Third Avenue in 1910, the site was marked by a tablet that read: "Burial place of ye 256 Maryland soldiers who fell in ye combat at ye Cortelyou House on ye 27th day of August 1776." The result of the brief battle was stunning for the Americans. More than a thousand men were killed, captured, or missing. Generals Stirling and Sullivan were in the enemy's hands. The battalion had lost more than 250 of their number. Most of the Marylanders' casualties occurred in the retreat and desperate covering action at the Cortelyou House. Ultimately, of the original Maryland 400 muster, 96 returned, with only 35 fit for duty.


1st Maryland Regiment, Battle of Brooklyn
Historian, Thomas Field, writing in 1869, "The Battle of Long Island," called the stand of the Marylanders "an hour more precious to liberty than any other in history." Four companies of the 1st Maryland stood as the final anchor of the crumbled American front line, and their heroic action not only saved many of their fellows but afforded Washington critical respite to regroup and withdraw his battered troops to Manhattan and continue the struggle for independence.


1st Maryland Regiment, Battle of Brooklyn
Over time, the farm became the site of a Red Devil paint factory, and the burial grounds became part of a factory courtyard open to the sky because of a deed restriction relating to the grave. More time passed. The paint factory gave way to an auto repair shop and the courtyard was roofed over. Today the heroes whom Washington himself lamented lie under the floor of the building that had housed the auto repair shop.


1st Maryland Regiment, Battle of Brooklyn
They lie in their unmarked grave miles from a Stanford White monument to their sacrifice in the form of a marble shaft topped with a sphere that stands at the foot of Lookout Hill in Prospect Park. It was erected in 1895 as a gift of the Maryland Society of the Sons of the American Revolution. The Old Stone House survived the battle and in later years became the first clubhouse of the baseball team that came to be known as the Brooklyn Dodgers. It was destroyed in the 1890s, and rebuilt in the 1930s.


1st Maryland Regiment, Battle of Cowpens
When Major General Nathanael Greene took command of the Southern theater of the war, his army numbered 1482 men present. Only 949 were Continental regulars, most of whom were in the "Maryland Line" regiment. Three companies of the  Marylanders were in Lt. Col. John Eager Howard's battalion. They participated extensively at Cowpens.


1st Massachusetts Battery
The 1st Massachusetts Battery (or 1st Battery, Massachusetts Light Artillery) was a peacetime militia artillery battery that was activated for federal service in the Union army for two separate tours during the American Civil War. Prior to the war and during its first term of service, the unit was sometimes known as "Cook's Battery" after its commanding officer, Capt. Asa M. Cook. During its first term, the battery primarily served garrison duty in Baltimore, Maryland. Almost immediately after mustering out, the unit began preparing for a second term, this time volunteering to serve for three years. The battery was attached to the VI Corps of the Army of the Potomac during its second term and took part in some of the largest battles of the war including the Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant's Overland Campaign in the spring of 1864.


1st Massachusetts Battery, Service details, First term of service
The 1st Massachusetts Battery was one of the Massachusetts militia units which responded to President Abraham Lincoln's call for 75,000 volunteer troops to serve a term of 90 days at the start of the war. Due to the fact that these first units were en route to Washington on April 19 (the anniversary of the Battles of Lexington and Concord), in Massachusetts these 90 day troops are often known as the "Minutemen of '61." The battery was organized for active duty on April 20 though it was not mustered into federal service until May 18 near Baltimore, Maryland.


1st Massachusetts Battery, Service details, First term of service
The battery left Massachusetts for Fort Monroe, Virginia on April 21, 1861 and arrived on April 23. From there they moved to the Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland and were quartered there until May 4. They were assigned to garrison a key railroad relay station 15 miles outside of Baltimore in Elkridge, Maryland. Here they were officially mustered into United States service. They later moved to Camp Clare near Baltimore and then were stationed at Monument Square in Baltimore where they served garrison duty until August 2. On that date they were mustered out and returned home to Massachusetts.


1st Massachusetts Battery, Service details, Second term of service
The unit re-organized for a second term of service at Camp Cameron in Cambridge, Massachusetts on August 27, 1861. They departed for Washington on October 3 and were attached to Brigadier General William B. Franklin's division, part of the Army of the Potomac until March 1862. This division became part of the newly organized VI Corps in March and the battery remained attached to the First Division until June 1863. At that point they were attached to the Artillery Brigade of the VI Corps of the Army of the Potomac with which they remained associated until the end of their service in October 1864.


1st Massachusetts Battery, Service details, Second term of service
The battery served in the defenses of Washington until March 1862 when they advanced with other units towards Manassas Junction from March 10-15. They were part of Major General Irwin McDowell's advance on Fredericksburg, Virginia from April 4-12. They became part of Maj. Gen. George McClellan's Peninsular Campaign in April. The battery was present for the Siege of Yorktown from April 23 to May 4. They were engaged in the Seven Days Battles near Richmond from June 25 to July 1.


1st Massachusetts Battery, Service details, Second term of service
The battery remained at Harrison's Landing until August 16 when the Army of the Potomac withdrew from the Virginia Peninsula. They played a role in covering the retreat of the Union Army of Virginia after the Second Battle of Bull Run on August 30 and September 1. When Maj. Gen. McClellan pursued Gen. Robert E. Lee's forces into Maryland, the 1st Massachusetts Battery joined the Maryland Campaign. They were engaged at Crampton's Gap on September 14 and the Battle of Antietam on September 16 and 17. The battery was stationed at Downsville, Maryland until October 29. They moved to Falmouth, Virginia with the rest of the Army of the Potomac from October 29 to November 19. They were engaged in the Battle of Fredericksburg from December 11-15.


1st Massachusetts Battery, Service details, Second term of service
During the winter of 1862 to 1863 they participated in the Mud March, a failed attempt to engage Lee's army in January 1863, and then were stationed at White Oak Church in Virginia until the end of April. During the Chancellorsville Campaign, the battery was engaged at the Second Battle of Fredericksburg on May 3. They took part in operations at Franklin's Crossing from June 5-13. During Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania, the 1st Massachusetts Battery participated in the Battle of Gettysburg on July 2-3, being stationed on Cemetery Hill. After the close of the campaign, the battery encamped at Warrenton, Virginia until September 15 and then Stone House Mountain until October 5. They participated in the Mine Run Campaign from November 26 to December 2 and then encamped at Brandy Station, Virginia until May 1864.


1st Massachusetts Battery, Service details, Second term of service
At the commencement of Grant's Overland Campaign in May, the battery was not engaged during the Battle of the Wilderness but took part in several of the battles that followed, including the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House from May 8-12, the Battle of North Anna from May 22-26, the Battle of Totopotomoy Creek from May 28-31, and the Battle of Cold Harbor on June 1. They were engaged during the Second Battle of Petersburg and the beginning of the Siege of Petersburg from June 17 to July 9.


1st Massachusetts Battery, Service details, Second term of service
The battery was pulled back to Washington on July 9 in response to the Confederate advance on the capital and participated in the repulse of Confederate forces during the Battle of Fort Stevens on July 12. In August, the battery was detached to participate in Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan's Valley Campaigns of 1864 and were engaged during the Battle of Opequan on September 19 and Battle of Fisher's Hill on September 22.


1st Massachusetts Battery, Service details, Second term of service
With the expiration of their term of service, the battery traveled to Boston from October 2-12. They were mustered out on October 19, 1864. The unit lost six men killed or mortally wounded and 15 men by disease.


1st Massachusetts Cavalry Regiment
The 1st Massachusetts Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


1st Massachusetts Cavalry Regiment, Service
The 1st Massachusetts Cavalry was organized at Camp Brigham in Readville, Massachusetts beginning September 3, 1861 and mustered in under the command of Colonel Robert Williams.


1st Massachusetts Cavalry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to the Department of the South to April 1862. 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, Department of the South, to August 1862. Companies A through H moved to Fort Monroe August 19, 1862, then moved to Washington, D.C., and joined Pleasanton's Cavalry, Army of the Potomac, at Tenallytown, September 3. Attached to Pleasanton's Cavalry, Army of the Potomac, to October 1862. Averill's Brigade, Cavalry Division, Army of the Potomac, to January 1863. 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, Cavalry Corps, Army of the Potomac, to April 1865. Four new companies (I, K, L, and M) were organized December 5. 1863 to January 14, 1864. Provost Marshal's Command, Army of the Potomac, to May 1865. Headquarters, Army of the Potomac, to June 1865.


1st Massachusetts Cavalry Regiment, Service
The 1st Massachusetts Cavalry mustered out of service on June 29, 1865 and was discharged at Readville on July 24, 1865.


1st Massachusetts Cavalry Regiment, Detailed service, Detached Duty
Third Battalion was permanently detached from the 1st Massachusetts Cavalry by S. C. 346, War Department, August 4, 1863, and designated Independent Battalion, Massachusetts Cavalry.


1st Massachusetts Cavalry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 239 men during service; 6 officers and 93 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 140 enlisted men died of disease.


1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Battalion
The 1st Battalion of Massachusetts Volunteer Heavy Artillery was a unit that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was organized from several unattached companies of heavy artillery already raised and mustered into a three-year service for the defenses of the Massachusetts coast.


1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Battalion, History
The 1st Unattached Company was formed in February 1862 for the garrisoning of Fort Warren in Boston Harbor. They remained here until 24 December 1864, when ordered to Champlain, New York due to "trouble being feared on the Canadian border". They returned to Fort Warren on 13 May 1865, and were mustered out on 20 October. Captain Stephen Cabot of this company would become the major of the battalion.


1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Battalion, History
The 2nd Unattached Company was organized in October and November 1862, joining the 1st in garrison duty at Fort Warren. In July 1863, when a draft riot broke out in Boston, they were sent to restore order. In August, they were stationed at the Fort at Clark's Point, New Bedford, and remained there until its mustering out on 29 June 1865.


1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Battalion, History
The 4th Unattached, being mustered in on 22 April 1863, then became Company C when the battalion was formed that month. They were also stationed at Fort Warren during most of their term of service. During the Boston draft in July, the company was sent there to maintain order, except for a detachment that went to Concord, New Hampshire to assist in keeping order during the draft taking place there, and stayed until September. The company was mustered out on 20 October 1865.


1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Battalion, History
The battalion being formed by the three mentioned unattached companies at the end of April 1863, they were later joined by the 5th Unattached Co. after it was mustered in on 6 June 1863 and became Company D.


1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Battalion, History
The four previously unattached companies were three-year units, and two additional companies (Companies E + F) were subsequently raised in August 1864 for one-year terms. Except where mentioned previously, the companies were all stationed at forts in Boston Harbor, with detachments from them being sent to other military locations along the coast.


1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Battalion, History
Three of the companies were mustered out in June 1865, while the rest of the battalion stayed in service until September and October.


1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Battalion, Complement
The First Battalion consisted of 39 officers and 1272 enlisted men.


1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Battalion, Losses
The 1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery lost 9 officers and 232 men were killed or died of wounds. 2 officers and 241 men died of disease or accidents.


1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment
The 1st Massachusetts Volunteer Heavy Artillery Regiment was a unit that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was originally raised as the 14th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment.


1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, History, 14th Mass Infantry
The 14th Massachusetts Infantry began its recruitment in spring 1861, with most of its members coming from Essex County. They were mustered in on 5 July 1861, and left the state on 7 August for Washington, DC, where it would serve in its defenses until the end of the year. Colonel William B. Greene, a West Point graduate and a veteran of the Florida Indian Wars, resigned in October, and was replaced as leader of the unit by Colonel Thomas R. Tannatt, who transferred over from the 16th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry.


1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, History, Reorganization as artillery
On 1 January 1862, the regiment was reorganized and became a heavy artillery regiment. As artillery units required more men, fifty additional soldiers were added to each company and two additional ones were formed. They served in several military garrisons around Washington, including forts Woodbury, Tillinghast, Craig, Albany, and DeKalb.


1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, History, Early skirmishes
On 26 August 1862, the regiment was sent to the front, and was present at the Second Battle of Bull Run, though it did not participate. During the Union retreat from the battlefield, Confederate cavalry overtook the 1st Massachusetts, capturing the surgical staff, the wagoners, and others. The doctors were quickly released, while the others were later paroled.


1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, History, Early skirmishes
A battalion of two companies were detached (two more joined a month or two later) on 27 September 1862 and sent to Maryland Heights, where they were to serve until December 1863. When the Union army abandoned its position at Winchester, VA in June 1863, Company I stayed behind to destroy the guns and ammunition, and 44 men were captured on 10 June. At this time, Company H was covering the army's retreat from Harpers Ferry.


1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, History, First engagement
On 17 May 1864, many heavy artillery regiments filled in as infantry units and joined the Army of the Potomac as part of Grant's 1864 campaign. In their first real engagement as a regiment, they engaged Ewell's Division at Harris Farm Engagement, on the Fredericksburg Road near Spotsylvania, VA on 19 May 1864. In this battle, they lost 55 killed, 312 wounded, and 27 missing. In reserve during the Battle of North Anna on 23–26 May 1864, losing only 1 killed, they moved on to Cold Harbor, losing two members during the trench warfare there from 4–12 June.


1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, History, Siege of Petersburg
The regiment took part in the assault on Petersburg on the 16 June 1864, and lost 25 killed and 132 wounded. They remained as part of the siege of the city until April 1865. During this time, they were also involved in the Battle of Globe Tavern (or the 2nd Battle of Weldon Railroad), when 185 men were captured when a Confederate offensive flanked the division, and the Battle of Hatcher's Run.


1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, History, Lee's surrender
Following Lee's surrender in April 1865, the 1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery returned to Washington, DC and stationed the forts until they were mustered out in August. They returned to Boston on the 20th, and were encamped at Gallop's Island until the 25th, when they were paid and discharged.


1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, Complement
Through its four years of service, the regiment had a total of 2552 soldiers in its ranks, consisting of 24 field officers and staff, 111 line officers, and 2417 enlisted men.


1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, Losses
A total of 486 officers and men were lost, 215 of them killed or died of wounds, 115 died by disease or accident, 156 died as prisoners, and four dead listed as MIA.


1st Massachusetts Infantry Regiment
The 1st Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Union army during the American Civil War. It was the first regiment to leave Massachusetts for a three-year term (several had previously left for 90-day terms) in response to President Abraham Lincoln's May 3, 1861, call for three-year regiments. It was also the first three-year regiment from any state to reach Washington, D.C., for federal service. The core of the regiment was five companies from the 1st Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, a peace-time unit which was formed in 1858, replacing an earlier, disbanded unit of the same designation. Five companies of new recruits were added to the regiment and the unit was mustered in by companies beginning May 23, 1861, at Camp Cameron in Cambridge, Massachusetts.


1st Massachusetts Infantry Regiment
After arriving in Washington, the regiment became part of Major General Irwin McDowell's Army of Northeastern Virginia and saw their first combat during the Battle of Blackburn's Ford. The 1st Massachusetts was engaged during the First Battle of Bull Run. When Union forces surrounding Washington were reorganized, the regiment became part of the Army of the Potomac, with which it was associated for the rest of its term of service.


1st Massachusetts Infantry Regiment
It was involved in the Peninsular Campaign and was present for virtually all of the major battles in which the Army of the Potomac fought, including the Second Battle of Bull Run, the Battle of Fredericksburg, the Battle of Chancellorsville, the Battle of Gettysburg and Lieutenant General Ulysses Grant's Overland Campaign.


1st Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Organization and early service
At the start of the war, with the firing on Fort Sumter, the 1st Massachusetts Volunteer Militia consisted of five companies based in and around Boston, Massachusetts. The peace-time unit of militia was organized in 1858 not long after an older unit of the same name disbanded. The five core companies were the "Union Guards" of East Boston (which became Company B), the "Roxbury City Guards" of Roxbury (which became Company D), the "Pulaski Guards" of South Boston (which became Company E), the "National Guards" of Boston (which became Company F), and the "Independent Boston Fusileers" (which became Company G). The commanding officer, Colonel Robert Cowdin, originally offered their service in response to Lincoln's first call for 75,000 volunteers to serve a term of 90-days. But as the unit did not yet have the ten companies required for a regiment, the request was set aside.


1st Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Organization and early service
The regiment first made its headquarters at Faneuil Hall in Boston and began recruiting volunteers for five new companies. This progressed for about a month until a full complement of companies was reached. When Lincoln's call for three-year regiments was issued on May 3, 1861, the men of the 1st Massachusetts unanimously agreed to serve for that term. The first four companies were mustered into federal service on May 23 and the remaining six over the next few days. On May 25, the regiment was ordered to occupy an improvised training camp outside of Boston dubbed Camp Ellsworth.


1st Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Organization and early service
The barracks were located in an old ice house next to Fresh Pond in North Cambridge, Massachusetts. The regiment began active training and drilling here, however, the camp and barracks turned out to be unsuitable and unhealthy, resulting a growing sick list. On June 13, the unit moved to a different location in Cambridge where new barracks were constructed. This came to be known as Camp Cameron. Just two days later, the War Department summoned the regiment to active service.


1st Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Organization and early service
The 1st Massachusetts left Boston by railroad cars on June 15, transferred to the steamship Commonwealth in Groton, Connecticut, disembarked in Jersey City and again transferred to a train bound for Washington. Since the Baltimore riot two months earlier when the 6th Massachusetts was attacked by a large crowd of civilian Confederate sympathizers, new Union regiments headed southward generally avoided passing through that city. Col. Cowdin decided to travel through Baltimore which required the regiment to march on foot between two of the city's train depots as the 6th Massachusetts had done. The men of the 1st


1st Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Organization and early service
Massachusetts were ordered to load their muskets before conducting the march. A large crowd of civilians assembled but remained silent as the 1st Massachusetts passed. After boarding train cars without incident, the regiment arrived in Washington on the evening of June 17. It was the first of the three-year regiments to reach the capital.


1st Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Organization and early service
On June 19, the regiment marched through Washington and Georgetown and established a camp on the north side of the Potomac River which they called Camp Banks. The 1st Massachusetts spent nearly a month there, drilling and preparing for the upcoming campaign. They were attached to the Fourth Brigade (commanded by Col. Israel B. Richardson) of the First Division (commanded by Brigadier General Daniel Tyler) of Maj. Gen. Irwin McDowell's Army of Northeastern Virginia.


1st Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, First Bull Run Campaign
On July 16, the regiment received orders to march with their brigade into Virginia as Gen. McDowell commenced to move his army to meet the Confederate forces gathered around the important railroad junction at Manassas, Virginia. The regiment crossed the Potomac via the Chain Bridge and marched the next two days until they reached the vicinity of Centreville, Virginia and camped there.


1st Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, First Bull Run Campaign, Battle of Blackburn's Ford
The next day, July 18, Tyler's division was ordered to probe the Confederate position on the other side of Bull Run. Richardson's brigade led the reconnaissance-in-force known as the Battle of Blackburn's Ford during which the 1st Massachusetts acted as the leading regiment of the brigade by Col. Cowdin's request. The 1st Massachusetts went into their first battle wearing their gray Massachusetts militia uniforms (the typical color for many state militia units). This caused considerable confusion for both Confederate and Union units that encountered the regiment. After they crossed Bull Run at Blackburn's Ford, three companies of the 1st


1st Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, First Bull Run Campaign, Battle of Blackburn's Ford
Massachusetts were ordered forward as skirmishers to probe the Confederate position. These two companies took the brunt of the unit's casualties during the engagement, although the entire regiment was exposed to heavy fire. The 1st Massachusetts found that the Confederates were present in force on the other side of Blackburn's Ford and had a strong position. Tyler ordered a complete withdrawal. Any attempt to flank the Confederate position by Blackburn's Ford was thereafter lost. The 1st Massachusetts suffered casualties of 13 killed in action and 20 wounded and missing.


1st Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, First Bull Run Campaign, First Battle of Bull Run
Due to the failure of the reconnaissance at Blackburn's Ford, McDowell determined that a frontal assault on the Confederate lines across Bull Run would be necessary. The result was the First Battle of Bull Run fought on July 27. During the battle, the 1st Massachusetts and their brigade were posted at Blackburn's Ford to hold the crossing and to make demonstrations, or lightly engage, the forces on the other side of the ford to prevent them from reinforcing the rest of the Confederate line.


1st Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, First Bull Run Campaign, First Battle of Bull Run
The 1st Massachusetts, relatively sheltered in woods near the ford, waited for hours while the main action played out several miles to their northwest, upstream along Bull Run. When the main Union force retreated in extreme disorder, the Confederate troops at Blackburn's Ford advanced to attack. The 1st Massachusetts resisted this advance for a short time, returning fire. Soon, however, an order came for them to immediately retire. Having no knowledge of the general retreat, this order came as a surprise to the regiment. They marched northward towards Centreville but did not join in the general retreat. Instead they halted and bivoucked just in the rear of the artillery, buried their dead, and rested until orders came near midnight to march for Washington. Theirs was the last Union brigade to leave the field.


1st Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Peninsular Campaign
Ordered to Fortress Monroe, Va., April 7, 1862; thence to Yorktown. Siege of Yorktown April 16-May 4. Affair at Yorktown April 26 (Cos. "A," "H" and "I"). Battle of Williamsburg May 5. Battle of Fair Oaks, Seven Pines, May 31 – June 1. Seven days before Richmond June 25 – July 1. Battles of Oak Grove June 25; Savage Station June 29; White Oak Swamp and Glendale June 30; Malvern Hill July 1. At Harrison's Landing until August 15.


1st Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Northern Virginia Campaign and duty near Washington
Movement to Fortress Monroe, thence to Centreville August 15–26. Bristoe Station or Kettle Run August 27. Catlett's Station August 28. Battles of Groveton August 29 and Bull Run August 30. Duty in the Defences of Washington until December --. At Fort Lyon until September 13. Near Fairfax Seminary until October 20 and at Munson's Hill until November 1. Duty at Fairfax Station November 2–25. Operations on Orange & Alexandria Railroad November 10–12.


1st Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 1863
"Mud March" January 20–24, 1863. At Falmouth until April 27. Operations at Rappahannock Bridge and Grove Church February 5-7. Chancellorsville Campaign April 27 – May 6. Battle of Chancellorsville May 1–5. Gettysburg (Pa.) Campaign June 11 – July 24. Battle of Gettysburg July 1–3. Pursuit of Lee until July 24. Moved to New York July 30 – August 1. Duty at Governor's Island Ricker's Island and David's Island, New York Harbor until October 15. Moved to Washington October 15 thence to Union Mills, Va., and rejoin Corps October 17. Advance to line of the Rappahannock November 7–8. Kelly's Ford November 7. Mine Run Campaign November 26-December 2. Payne's Farm November 27.


1st Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Armament
Because the core of the regiment was an existing militia regiment, they already had stocks of Springfield Model 1855 rifled musket with which they equipped the new companies (some of which were the 1858 modification with simpler rear sight, a patch box on the side of the buttstock, and an iron nosecap). The 1855 Springfield was a .58 calibre Minié-type muzzle-loading fire-arm. It was issued with a square socket bayonet. The regiment did not use the Maynard tape primer in the field, but standard percussion caps. The regiment used these rifles through its service.


1st Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Casualties and total strength
Regiment lost during service 8 Officers and 134 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 1 Officer and 78 Enlisted men by disease. Total 221.


1st Massachusetts Regiment
The 1st Massachusetts Regiment was an infantry unit of the Continental Army that fought during the American Revolutionary War. It was first authorized on 23 April 1775 in the Massachusetts State Troops as Paterson's Regiment under Colonel John Paterson and was organized at Cambridge, Massachusetts. It consisted of eleven companies of volunteers from Berkshire, Hampshire, Suffolk, Middlesex, Worcester, and York counties in Massachusetts and the county of Litchfield in the colony of Connecticut. The regiment was adopted into the main Continental Army on 14 June 1775 and was assigned to William Heath's brigade on 22 July 1775. On 1 January 1776 the regiment (less two companies) was consolidated with Sayer's and Sullivan's companies of Scammon's Regiment; re-organized to eight companies and redesignated as the 15th Continental Regiment of Heath's Brigade.