1:700 scale, History
Manufacturers such as Airfix, Renwal, and Heller were producing ship models in various scales, ranging from 1/400 to 1/600 scale. Airfix began producing constant scale 20th century warship subjects to 1/600 scale in 1959. In 1967, Revell began to produce ship kits in a unified 1/720 scale, and Italeri followed Revell ten years after. In 1971, Japanese manufactures started to produce a series of 1/700 scale water line ship kits. In this scale, approximately 1 inch equals 60 scale feet. This series steadily expanded over the years.


1:700 scale, History
At the beginning, only ships of the Japanese Navy were available in the series, but later American, British and German navy subjects were also included. Between 1977-1979, Matchbox released a small number of British, German and US waterline ship kits, they were designed to be made of different colors of plastic so that painting was not required.


1:700 scale, History
Due to the large range of water line kits available in this scale, it became popular and now widely considered as a 'standardized scale' in ship modelling. Today there are many companies outside Japan producing 1/700 scale ships as well, such as the Chinese companies Trumpeter and Dragon Models. Various aftermarket photo-etched detailing parts are also widely available for adding fine details to ship models.


1:700 scale, History
There are also small-run manufacturers of 1/700 scale warships, particularly with respect to ships that were designed but never built (Imperial Hobbies) and the leading resin kit manufacturer Kombrig which deals with many vessels of the predreadnought, dreadnought and WW2 eras which would not otherwise see manufacturing.


1:700 scale, Water Line Series
The Water Line Series was created by the Shizuoka Plastic Model Manufacturers Association in May 1971. It is a collaborative effort by three manufacturers to produce constant scale models of most of the ships of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II, in their first series, and then an ongoing collection of 1/700-scale kits of warships of the world. It started with four manufacturers (Tamiya, Aoshima, Hasegawa and Fujimi), but Fujimi separated in 1992 and made their own line named Sea Way Model Series. As the series name suggests, the models are produced only with the portion visible above the water, that enable them to be displayed as though they were at sea. Today there are over 180 products in the series, most of them ships from various World War II navies.


1:72 scale
1:72 scale is a  scale used for scale models, most commonly model aircraft, corresponding to one sixth of an inch representing one foot (or 1 inch to 6 feet). In other words, 72 of a given model placed end to end would represent the length of the real thing. In this scale, a man who is six feet tall would be exactly one inch in height. The scale was popular for aircraft because small fighters and large bombers were represented, and was practically the only choice of scale if a modeler wanted to have all aircraft types represented in the same scale.


1:72 scale
This scale originated with the Skybirds and Frog Penguin aircraft model ranges produced in the United Kingdom during the 1930s and was subsequently used for aircraft recognition models by the Allies of World War II. More subjects and genres are covered in this scale than any other. Widespread in Western and Eastern Europe, Japan and Latin America, the scale is extremely popular in the UK but less so in Australia, Canada, and the USA, where 1:48 is more prevalent.


1:72 scale
Manufacturers of aircraft kits, past and present, in 1:72 scale include; Airfix, Frog, Novo, Revell, Italeri, Tamiya, Hasegawa, Heller, Monogram and Matchbox.


1:72 scale
In recent years this scale has also gained popularity for model military vehicles, and is also used for Japanese anime science fiction models, die-cast model cars, figures, and radio-control model ships, as well as soldiers.


1:72 scale, Die-cast models
1:72 scale is becoming increasingly popular for die-cast toys. The beginning of die-cast production in this scale can be connected to the noted Hong Kong model car producer Hongwell Company, which opened its factory dedicated to these model cars in 1997.


1:72 scale, Die-cast models
The success of this scale in the die-cast market has multiple reasons. One of them is that these models may be precisely designed using Zamak as a basic alloy, which is a real advantage in contrast to 1:87. The other reason is that these models are sold in perspex boxes that can easily be organized into columns, thus helping collectors to keep their collection in good condition.


1:72 scale, Die-cast models
Unlike 1:64, 1:72 die-cast models are strictly produced in true scale even if they do not fit the original box size. The number of complementary plastic parts (lamps, mirrors) and a higher amount of screen printed decorations make these models much more lifelike, yet still allow them to be produced in large numbers so they may also be used as toys.


1:72 scale, Die-cast models
Models in this scale are admired by collectors because their finish may be compared to most 1:43 models, but their size allows the modeller to build up a large collection in a smaller space.


1:72 scale, Die-cast models
Emergency vehicle models started a new way of collecting in this scale. As most of the manufacturers offered emergency models in the local markets in local liveries, swapping these cars soon became an everyday procedure in the lives of collectors. As a result international online communities for 1:72 die-cast models are more popular than for older scales.


1:72 scale, Die-cast models
The best-known manufacturers in this scale are Hongwell (Cararama brand), Real-X, Yat Ming and Realtoy. Other brands such as Schuco, Abrex, Bumi Cars or Motorart also have these models in their portfolio but the manufacturers behind these brands are Hongwell or Yat Ming. Italian Bburago also announced its 1:72 scale range at the 2005 International Nuremberg Toy Fair. This product line would have been a spin-off of Schuco's Junior Line extending the portfolio with the models of Real-X. As Bburago was sold by Dickie-Schuco Group shortly afterwards, these models never reached the European market under the Italian brand name.


1:72 scale, 1:72 and HO/OO scale
There has been some confusion amongst manufacturers in the past in terms of railway and scale model scales. Railway scales are identified by alpha/numeric codes whereas all other modeling scales are simply identified by the scale concerned. HO in Australia, Europe, Japan, and the United States is 1:87. The UK had its own scale of OO, which is 1:76, but uses the same track gauge as HO scale. Hence the term HO/OO. None of these scales are 1:72, and neither are they compatible with it, as a comparison between an Airfix and Revell GMBH Leopard I tank kits will demonstrate.


1:72 scale, 1:72 and HO/OO scale
Even figures in these scales show distinct size differences. Many manufacturers in the past, particularly in the UK, produced items to 1:76 and labeled the packaging as being 1:72, because the scales were historically considered to be close. An example is Airfix's and Matchbox's series of vehicle kits to 1:76, which were eventually re-issued with labeling indicating a scale of 1:72. 1:76 still exists, but it is now considered to be a wargaming scale.


1:72 scale, 1:72 and HO/OO scale
Many scale model manufacturers now recognize the difference and there has been a marked change over the last 10 years, with vehicle and figure producers consolidating to 1:72. Currently a large number of manufacturers produce figures in this scale such as Caesar Miniatures, HaT, Italeri and Zvezda


1:99 Concert
The 1:99 Concert was a fund raiser concert for victims of the 2003 SARS outbreak at the Hong Kong Stadium. The name 1:99 came from the bleach to water ratio that health officials recommended for anti-SARS cleaning solution. The concert was organized by Ellen Cheng of the Hong Kong Performing Artistes Guild. Various sources reported different amount raised. According to some sources, HK$22 million was raised. US$2.21 million was raised with the proceeds going to a fund providing education grants for children from SARS-affected families. Severe acute respiratory syndrome killed 262 and sickened over 1,700 in Hong Kong during that time period.


1:99 Concert, Preparation
The concert started after 4pm and ended at 11pm, but rehearsals started several hours earlier.


1:99 Concert, Complaints
Police received five complaints, including at least two from non-Chinese residents about high noise levels between 12.35pm and 11pm. The event organizers had sent out more than 7,000 letters to people living nearby to explain why the concert was being held and that they were hoping to raise money for youngsters who had been orphaned during the SARS outbreak. Members who defended the concert against complainers included Ho Kam-wah (何錦華) of the HKPAG, William So, Helena Ma and Kary Ng of the group Cookies.


1:Man 2:Band
1: Man 2: Band is a live double album by the Norwegian singer, multi-instrumentalist, composer and performer Jarle Bernhoft, recorded in 2009 and released in 2010.


1:a gången
"1:a gången" is a song written by Magnus Uggla and Anders Henriksson, and originally recorded by Uggla on his 1993 album Alla får påsar. The song is written from a perspective where the singer talks to a young girl, telling her to not hurry growing up, because it will still happen. The lyrics are about Uggla's daughter Agnes when she longed to grow up.


1:a gången
Miss Li recorded the song for season 3 of the Swedish show Så mycket bättre and her version also appeared on the show's official compilation album. It subsequently appeared on her own studio album Wolves. Her version also peaked at number 19 on the Swedish singles chart.


1:a gången
In 2013, the song was recorded by the Drifters on the album Jukebox.


1A (radio program)
1A is an American radio talk show produced by WAMU in Washington, D.C. and distributed nationally by NPR (National Public Radio). The show debuted on January 2, 2017, airing on more than 340 NPR member stations in 35 states, Washington, D.C., and the U.S. Virgin Islands. It is also heard on Sirius XM channel 122 several times each weekday. Jenn White is the host.


1A (radio program)
Journalist Joshua Johnson served as the program's host from 2017 to 2019, before leaving to work for MSNBC. Todd Zwillich replaced him as interim host in January 2020. He was succeeded in this capacity by Sasha-Ann Simons in April. Celeste Headlee also served as an interim guest host. On May 7, 2020, WAMU announced that Jenn White would succeed Johnson as permanent host of 1A beginning in July.


1A (radio program), Format
1A is divided into two one-hour segments, which each focuses on a topic for the hour, with one or more guests who are authorities on that topic. Most often it is an issue in the news, but occasionally might deal with pop culture and entertainment. 1A invites listeners to add their opinions and comments via texts and Twitter, which the host will read. The show rarely takes phone calls, although it sometimes asks in advance for vocal comments via a voice app. At the end of each week, the show presents "The Friday News Roundup".


1A (radio program), Format
Usually three guest journalists are invited to participate in a review of that week's major news stories. The first hour deals with domestic news, the second hour with international stories. Several stations air a one-hour curated version of the program that is produced each day, intended for broadcast in an afternoon or evening time slot.


1A (radio program), Format
The show debuted on 169 stations in January 2017, and by March of that year, it had expanded to over 200 stations.


1A (radio program), Format
The program's title refers to the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.


1A (radio program), Hosts
Former host Joshua Johnson is a native of West Palm Beach, Florida. He graduated from the University of Miami and worked for WLRN and the Miami Herald between 2004 and 2010. From 2010 to 2016, he was morning news host of KQED in San Francisco, a position he left to develop a radio project series entitled Truth Be Told, of which four episodes were broadcast nationally. He substituted for Diane Rehm for two days on her talk show in September 2016, and in November, Rehm announced that Johnson would be taking over her time slot. On November 22, Johnson announced his departure at the end of 2019 to host a show on MSNBC.


1A (radio program), Hosts
Todd Zwillich served as interim host from January through the end of March 2020, leaving the program to join Vice News. He was succeeded as interim host by Sasha-Ann Simons, who has been "reporting on issues of race, identity, and economic mobility for WAMU" since 2017.


1A (radio program), Hosts
On May 7, 2020, it was announced that Jennifer White would take over as permanent host of the program beginning in July.


1A2 Key Telephone System
The 1A2 Key Telephone System is a business telephone system developed and distributed by the Western Electric Company for the Bell System.


1A2 Key Telephone System
The 1A2 Key Telephone System is a modular system that provided flexible solutions for a variety of telephone service requirements. It provides multiple users with control over multiple telephone lines without the requirement for an operator, system attendant, or receptionist. Each user can select a specific telephone line to place calls on, or to answer calls, and manage those calls by placing them on hold or transferring them to other stations. The system provides options for station-to-station signaling and intercom, and music-on-hold. The control functions are operated directly on each telephone instrument with a set of push buttons (keys) that have lamps installed internally to provide visual indication of line status.


1A2 Key Telephone System
Introduced in 1964, the 1A2 system represents a stage of key telephone systems development at Bell Laboratories that started in the late 1930s with the 1A Key Telephone System, and was an improvement over the 1A1 system introduced in 1953.


1A2 Key Telephone System
Compatible 1A2 equipment was manufactured by competing vendors, such as Northern Telecom, Automatic Electric (GTE), ITT, and Stromberg-Carlson. The successor technologies to the 1A2 Systems include the AT&T Merlin, AT&T Spirit, and AT&T Partner systems.


1A2 Key Telephone System, Components
The 1A2 Key Telephone System was produced to provide flexible solutions for widely varying telephone service requirements in businesses and enterprises.


1A2 Key Telephone System, Components
The 1A2 system used a modular plug-in construction concept that permitted many configurations using the same basic components. A typical system consisted of a basic metal mounting frame, the Key Service Unit (KSU), also called a panel, with card-edge connectors and mounting brackets for components and punch-down blocks for interconnecting cabling. The principal switching and control modules were constructed on printed circuit boards, called Key Telephone Units (KTU). KTUs provided many system features, such as various types of line interfaces, dial intercom, music-on-hold, and alarms. Each central office telephone line connected to the system required at least one KTU.


1A2 Key Telephone System, Components
The mounting panels varied according to the size and complexity of the telephone system. Typical early 1A2 systems used the Type 583 and 584 panels. The 584C panel contained an interrupter and 13 KTUs. The 583 panel did not have the interrupter and held 15 KTUs. For smaller installations, panels were available that housed all components, including the power supply and connecting blocks. Typically these panels supported only four to six central office lines.


1A2 Key Telephone System, Components
The most commonly used telephone sets for the 1A2 systems were modifications of the Bell System standard 500-series telephones for rotary dial systems, and the 2500-series Touch-Tone desk sets. For key system operation these sets were equipped with a set of push-buttons (keys) and additional internal contact springs to control the additional operational features, resulting in a large variety of specialty telephones. Specifically, such telephone sets were the types 565 (up to 5 lines), 630 (17 lines), 631 (29 lines), 830 (9 lines), and 831 (19 lines). Telephone sets could be either rotary dial models, or be equipped with Touch-Tone keypads.


1A2 Key Telephone System, Components
A power supply was either mounted within the panel or separately nearby. The power supply provided 24 VDC for relay operation, filtered 24 VDC for talk battery (intercom and direct-line services), 10 VAC for lamps, 18 VAC for buzzers, and 90–110 VAC at 30Hz for ringers. Lamp and signaling voltages were routed through a mechanical interrupter, to create lamp flash (incoming line), lamp wink (hold), and interrupted buzzer and ringing.


1A2 Key Telephone System, Components, Wiring
Wiring between system components and telephone sets was facilitated by Type 66 punch-down blocks.


1A2 Key Telephone System, Components, Wiring
For each telephone line from the central office, a key system required five pairs of internal wires: The central office tip and ring leads, the station (telephone instrument) tip and ring wires, the A and A1 control leads, lamp power and lamp ground, and the ring signaling pair.


1A2 Key Telephone System, Components, Wiring
Each connection to a telephone set required six wires from the key system: One pair (two wires) carried the talk circuit (tip and ring), one pair carried control information, known as A-Leads, for that line, designated A and A1, and the third pair carried current to a lamp for the specific line key position on the telephone set (L and LG).


1A2 Key Telephone System, Components, Wiring
A telephone set (keyset) could operate as many lines as it had pickup keys (buttons) installed. Most keysets with up to nine lines are connected to the system using a single 25-pair cable terminated with an Amphenol 50-position "MicroRibbon" connector. Sets with up to 19 line positions used a 50-pair cable and the large instruments with 29 line positions used 75 pairs on three connectors. The Call Director model telephone had over 30 line key positions, and used 100 pairs on four connectors.


1A2 Key Telephone System, Components, Wiring
The keyset cables were typically routed to a wiring closet or wiring panel where the Key Service Unit (KSU) was installed and were terminated on a 66 type punch block, typically a model 66M1-50. Each of these blocks could accept two 25-pair cables for termination.


1A2 Key Telephone System, Components, Wiring
Cross-connect wire jumpers, consisting of three twisted pairs, were installed between these blocks and the larger distribution connecting blocks within the KSU for each line provided to the telephone set.


1A2 Key Telephone System, Components, Wiring
Large 1A2 installations had multiple wiring closets fed by branch cables extended from the central closet where the KSU was located. An example of this type of installation would be a multi-story building. The KSU and incoming lines might be in the basement, while each floor had a branch wiring closet to which the telephones on that floor were connected.


1A2 Key Telephone System, User interface
A user could select any available telephone line by pressing the appropriate pickup key and taking the handset off-hook. While on a telephone call, a user could place the call on hold by pressing the hold button, which also released the depressed line button mechanically, enabling the user to select another line for placing a call.


1A2 Key Telephone System, User interface
A user might have a set with just a few lines available, while the system attendant or receptionist might have a set wired for many more lines so that they could monitor the status of all lines simultaneously.


1A2 Key Telephone System, User interface
Key telephone systems also supported manual buzzers, intercom lines (with or without selective ringing), music on hold, and other features. The features were provided on a line-by-line basis by the selection of particular Key Telephone Units (KTUs) plugged into a pre-wired backplane in the central control unit.


1A2 Key Telephone System, User interface
Optional components of the 1A2 could also provide a function called 'I-Hold,' where a call could only be retrieved off hold at the phone that originally placed the line in the hold mode. The cadence of the 'I-Hold' lamp signal was steady illumination punctuated by a series of rapid blinks (produced by a module called a 'flutter generator') every couple of seconds.


1A2 Key Telephone System, User interface
Unlike most later electronic key systems or PBXs, 1A2 systems remain partially functional in the event of a local power failure. The telephones may still be used to make and receive calls when the central office is available, but the system is unable to provide visual or audible supervision, as well as hold functions and intercom services during power outages. Central-office powered ringers continue to function and by designating one telephone ringer per line it is possible to identify the line that is ringing.


1A2 Key Telephone System, User interface, Audible supervision
Audible signals, most often from ringers or buzzers, could be handled several ways. The ringer in a specific telephone set could be hardwired to one specific phone line. This had the advantage that the phone would ring any time a call came in on that specific line, even during a local power failure, but it also had the disadvantage of limiting ringing to that one line. No other lines could be connected to that ringer.


1A2 Key Telephone System, User interface, Audible supervision
Another method, sometimes known as common audible, utilizes the internal circuitry of the KSU power supply, and circuitry in the individual key telephone units serving each line, to provide a separate and locally generated ringing signal for each phone line. This has the advantage that the ringing signal for any given line may be routed to any phone, or combinations of phones, but it also had the disadvantage of being non-functional during a local power outage.


1A2 Key Telephone System, User interface, Audible supervision
A combination of these methods was possible. A set of relays were continuously powered by the power supply. The common-audible ringing signals from the KSU would run through the energized relays to certain phones that would also ring if there was a power failure. The phone lines that terminated at the KSU were also terminated at these relays and in the event of a power failure, the relays would de-energize and switch the phone lines to the ringers of selected phones.


1A2 Key Telephone System, User interface, Audible supervision
Buzzers were not usually designed to accommodate the 90-110 volt, 20–30 Hz ringing signal used by telephone ringers. Instead, they usually operated on low-voltage AC (10-18 volts) supplied by the power supply.


1A2 Key Telephone System, User interface, Visual supervision
The buttons on telephone sets were transparent to provide visual signals furnished by lamps installed underneath the buttons in the telephone set. This permitted the user to instantly determine the status of the telephone lines available at the set:


1AM (song)
"1AM" is a song recorded by South Korean singer Taeyang, and was serviced to radio on June 10, 2014 as the third and last single for his second studio album Rise (2014). It was written by long-time collaborator Teddy Park. The filming of the music video was the first time Taeyang met South Korean actress Min Hyo-rin; the two began a relationship shortly after and wed in 2018.


1AM (song), Background
Lyrically, "1AM" is about the narrator missing his ex-girlfriend late into the night and is described as "melancholy" by Jeff Benjamin from Billboard. The music video features South Korean actress Min Hyo-rin, who plays Taeyang's love interest and would later become his wife. It includes a "sexually-charged bed scene" between the two that drew public attention. Seoul Beats felt the "over hyped" bed scene failed to live up to expectations, though they praised it for being "classy" instead of selling "sex for the sake of selling it."


1B-LSD
1B-LSD (N1-butyryl-lysergic acid diethylamide) is an acylated derivative of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), which has been sold as a designer drug. In tests on mice it was found to be an active psychedelic, though with only around 1/7th the potency of LSD itself.


1B-LSD, Legal status
1B-LSD is illegal in Singapore. Sweden's public health agency suggested classifying 1B-LSD as a hazardous substance, on June 24, 2019.


1BANGSA
1BANGSA is shortened word of non-profit organization in the Philippines known as One Bangsamoro Movement, Inc., a group of multi-sectoral leaders and activists in the Philippines advocating peace and unity among Filipinos as well as Bangsamoro people. It was led by Maulana “Alan” A. Balangi, a Maranao.


1BANGSA, History
The organization was a frontliner of peace advocacy during the signing of Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro (CAB). It was organized since August 8, 2008 three days before the propose of the Memorandum of Agreement on Acestral Domain (MOA-AD) and the issuance of Temporary Restraining Order (TRO) to the Philippines.


1BANGSA, History
They are the proponent of "One Million Signatures for Bangsamoro" held in Mendiola, Manila which collected one million supporters for the signing of Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) into law in 2015. They choose to be engaged into public affairs over violence extremism. Leaders of the group had gathered in Quezon City, Manila on January 11, 2019 to show their support for the ratification of Bangsamoro Organic Law (BOL), the revised version of BBL.


1BANGSA, History
After BOL ratified in plebiscite on January 21, 2019 now known as Republic Act No. 11054, the organization on February 11, 2019 has urged President Rodrigo R. Duterte for "fair and equal" appointment of 80 members for the Bangsamoro Transition Authority, the interim members of parliament for the transition of Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) from Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM).


1BANGSA, Coalition
Amidst threat of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the Philippines, the organization sent an open letter dated on April 8, 2020 to President Rodrigo R. Duterte seeking an extension of Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ) nationwide to stop the spread of the pandemic.


1BANGSA, Coalition
On February 3, 2019, the group joined with the National Commission on Muslim Filipino (NCMF) prayer rally condemning the bombing of Jolo Cathedral in Sulu on January 27, 2019 that killed 22 people and the blast in a mosque in Zamboanga City which left 2 people.


1BANGSA, Coalition
On October 16, 2018, the movement with the leaders of Bangsamoro communities outside Bangsamoro autonomous region have assembled to assure support for the ratification of the BOL.


1BR
1BR is a 2019 American horror film written and directed by David Marmor, in his directorial debut. The title is an abbreviation of "one bedroom", commonly seen in real estate listings. The film premiered at Fantasia International Film Festival in July 2019, and was released in the United States in 2020.


1BR, Plot
An aspiring costume designer moves into a one-bedroom apartment in Los Angeles, unaware that the complex is owned by a cult who use torture to force new residents to join their community.


1BR, Production
During the early stages of production, the film's offices were victim of the Skirball Fire in 2017, and were forced to use producer Alok Mishra's home in the San Fernando Valley as the base of operations during filming. The outside exteriors of the apartments were used on-location in Los Angeles, with the indoor scenes being shot on a soundstage.


1BR, Release
The film premiered at Fantasia International Film Festival on July 18, 2019. The film had a limited theatrical and VOD release on April 24, 2020, before beginning to stream on Netflix on August 28.


1BR, Release
Over its first week of release on Netflix the film was among the top 5 most-streamed films, reaching #1 in the film section of the site.


1BR, Reception
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 88% based on 80 reviews, with an average rating of 6.60/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "1BR's occasionally ordinary storytelling is more than outweighed by tight direction, interesting ideas, and an effective blend of horror and thoughtful drama." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 56 out of 100 based on 8 critic reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".


1BR, Reception
John DeFore of The Hollywood Reporter wrote: "Taken on its own terms, it's a solid if hardly revolutionary thriller that bodes well for the filmmaker's future in genre films."


1Borneo Hypermall
1Borneo Hypermall (also known as 1Borneo) is a shopping centre in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. It is the largest shopping complex in East Malaysia and has been dubbed as Borneo Island's largest mall. It is also situated in the fastest growing sector in Sabah. It was designed by YTS Architecture Sdn Bhd, an international architectural firm based in Kuala Lumpur. 1Borneo is 7 km away from Kota Kinabalu City and about 13 km away from Kota Kinabalu International Airport.


1C Company
1C Company (Russian: Фирма «1С», [ˈfʲirmə ɐˈdʲin ˈɛs]) is an independent software developer, distributor and publisher with headquarters in Moscow, Russia. It develops, manufactures, licenses, supports and sells computer software, related services and video games.


1C Company
In Russia, 1C is considered a leader in business software for its comprehensive business software suite  1C:Enterprise (Russian: 1С:Предприятие, 1C:Predpriyatie).


1C Company
1C is known as a video game developer and publisher. Most popular titles produced by the company are IL-2 Sturmovik, King's Bounty, Men of War and the Space Rangers series. 1C acts as a publisher for dozens of independent developers and has produced over 100 video game titles.


1C Company
1C is also the official distributor of 100+ software vendors.


1C Company
The company has over 1200 employees. 1С Company operates through wide network of 10 000+ business partners in 25 countries, including 7000+ 1C franchise authorized software integrators & VARs and 400+ authorized training centers.


1C Company
1C Company is also developing its 1C:Accounting outsourcing service (Russian: 1С:БухОбслуживание, 1С:BuhObsluzhivanie) – a 500+ partner network for services like accounting, taxation, payroll, etc.


1C Company, History
1C was founded in 1991 by Boris Nuraliev in Moscow, Russia. In 1992, the company published ''1C:Accounting'' (ru), a bookkeeping software. The simplicity, wealth of customization options and its reach through the wide network of dealers, who were entitled to 50% of the sales income, made it possible for the 1C:Accounting software to become the most widespread accounting program across Russia and former USSR states.


1C Company, History
In 1996 the released the first version of the 1C:Enterprise platform designed for the comprehensive and targeted automation of processes within companies. The software implementation was handed over to a partnered franchise network founded specifically for this purpose. The first game distributed by 1C was launched in retail (Pilot Brothers, based on a famous Russian animation movie).


1C Company, History
In 1999, a version 7.7 of 1C:Enterprise was released. Its reported that 1C got over 40% of the accounting software market share in Russia.


1C Company, History
In 1999, the first game developed by 1C was published - Konung: Legends of the North. 1C also acquired MaddoxGames company.


1C Company, History
In 2001, 1C released IL-2 Sturmovik, what can be viewed as the first AAA packaged video game developed in Russia, with Pirates of the Caribbean only releasing 2 years later on the original Xbox in 2003.


1C Company, History
In 2006, 1C announced that their trademark was considered "well-known" by Rospatent as an intellectual property status in Russia.


1C Company, History
In 2008 1C declared its plan of transforming into a large multisectoral holding company. Part of its growth strategy was establishing joint ventures with leading and promising enterprises within the IT industry.


1C Company, History
In May 2005, 1C bought Cenega Publishing, a Prague-based publisher and distributor. This arm was rebranded 1C Publishing EU in May 2007. 1C Publishing EU uses the trade name 1C Entertainment since late 2018.


1C Company, History
In 2008, 1C declared it would become a holding company, stating it would establish joint ventures with companies within the IT industry. In October 2011, Baring Vostok Capital Fund acquired a 9% stake of 1C.


1C Company, History
In 2011, its reported that 1C:Enterprise 8.3 was released, with cloud service on Windows, Linux, and Mac as well as on iOS, Android and Windows Mobile. The same year, the software as a service platform 1CFresh.com was set up, allowing 1C: Enterprise to use the cloud environment.


1C Company, History
In 2012, 1C partnered with 777 Studios to create 1C Game Studios.


1C Company, History
By 2015, according to the founder and head of the company Boris Nuraliev, the number of subsidiaries and joint ventures of 1C is about 200 companies.


1C Company, History
In April 2016, 1C bought out 27.06% in Megaplan and increased its stake in the company to 99%. In August of the same year, a controlling stake was acquired in the restaurant business automation service Quick Resto. In October, 1C announced the purchase of a controlling stake in the developer of the cloud-based CRM system amoCRM.


1C Company, History
In September 2016, 1C, together with ASCON, created the Renga Software company - the Russian developer of the Renga integrated BIM system.


1C Company, Products, List of business applications
• 1С:Corporate Performance Management Planning, accounting, and performance monitoring for holdings and corporations.


1C Company, Products, List of business applications
• 1С:Document Management (ECM)Automates document flow, both paper and electronic, for businesses and public institutions.


1C Company, Products, List of business applications
• 1C:Accounting Universal bookkeeping and tax calculation software with Russian Accounting Standards-compliant reporting. In 2018 a new IAS-compliant version was released.


1C Company, Products, List of business applications
• 1C:Accounting – the most popular accounting software in Russia. According to various estimates, the software is used by 80-90% of Russian companies.


1C Company, Products, List of business applications
• 1C:Trade Management Provides management accounting, planning, and sales data analysis. It automates trade, financial, and warehouse operations, elevating wholesale and retail companies.


1C Company, Products, List of business applications
• 1С:Retail Automated retail outlet and store accounting, including retail networks.


1C Company, Products, List of business applications
• 1С:Payroll and HR Management Payroll calculation and HR management.


1C Company, Products, List of business applications
• 1С:AccountingSuiteAll-in-one business application combining accounting, cloud banking, order management, inventory, project and time tracking.


1C Company, Products, List of business applications
• 1C:DriveSystem to manage operational activities, promote business development in international markets.


1C Company, Products, 1C:Enterprise platform
The 1C:Enterprise platform is a business application development tool. 1C :Enterprise uses a Domain Driven Design approach to provide the specific tools needed to develop business software. All code-based development is done using a high-level domain-specific language, the source code is genuinely open. 1C :Enterprise platform allows create applications for different operation systems (Windows, Linux, MacOS) and use its as a Cloud services or On-premise. Considered as an alternative development tools instead of the С language family and other integrated development environments (IDE).


1C Company, Products, Video games
1C began distributing third party games in 1996. In 1997, they published Konung: Legends of the North, which was the best-selling title in Russia during September 1999. 1C has a long history of funding independent developers and producing a great deal of very successful Russian games.


1C Company, Products, Video games
1C works as a publisher and producer with over 30 independent development studios and has produced over 100 projects for PC and consoles, including titles like Hard Truck, King of the Road, Rig'n'Roll, Space Rangers, Soldiers: Heroes of World War II, Faces of War, Men of War and Men of War: Assault Squad series, Fantasy Wars, Death to Spies, King's Bounty series, Ancestors Legacy and Deep Sky Derelicts.


1C Company, Products, Video games
One successful series of combat flight simulators 1C publishes is the IL-2 Sturmovik series, first developed by Maddox Games of Oleg Maddox in 2001 and commercially traded under the brand "1C: Maddox Games", a division of 1C Company. Maddox Games left 1C Company in 2011 and the "1C:Maddox Games" brand was replaced by "1C Game Studios". Still in the present day all three generations of IL-2 Sturmovik combat flight simulators are commercially exploited by 1C: IL-2 Sturmovik (since 2001), IL-2 Sturmovik: Cliffs of Dover (since 2011), and IL-2 Sturmovik: Great Battles (since 2013).


1C Company, Products, Video games
The company has also developed other games such as Theatre of War (2006), several entries in the Men of War franchise as of 2009 and Royal Quest (2015).


1C Company, Products, Video games
The company is also the largest distributor in Russia, publishing titles of most accomplished international publishers such as Activision Blizzard, Bethesda Game Studios, Take-Two Interactive, Ubisoft, Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. 1C owns two local distribution companies, 1C-


1C Company, Products, Video games
SoftClub (ru) (Russian: 1С-СофтКлаб, formerly known as SoftClub) and the previously independent Russian company Buka Entertainment (de) (Russian: Бу́ка), which are also market leaders in the distribution of videogames hardware for companies like Sony Computer Entertainment according to 1C. 1C also owns a video games retail chain similar to retail chains like GameStop, named 1C-Interest (Russian: 1С Интерес), which has 30 stores in 22 cities inside Russia.


1C Company, Products, Video games
According to 1C, the company has established an international presence in 2005 by buying a group of distribution companies in Central Europe like the small games publisher ''Cenega Publishing'' (pl), later renamed to 1C Publishing EU based in Czech republic. Since the purchase, the Cenega group has been transformed into a company for distribution, production and service under the name of 1C Entertainment, with over 400 people employed in Poland, Czech Republic, and Hungary. '' QLOC'' (pl) a subsidiary Cenega is a premium service company, providing porting, co-developing, testing and localization services to development studios and publishers. While ''1C Online Games'' is the publishing and development arm of 1C Entertainment group the company states.


1C Company, Business software and cloud services
1С:Enterprise business software suite is used for management and business accounting automation in more than 2,000,000 organizations, including major corporations and governmental entities. This system is number one in the Russian ERP market with the largest number of automated workplaces.


1C Company, Business software and cloud services
Measured by installations, 1C is the leader, with about 5 million users according to 1C Founder Boris Nuraliev in an interview. 83% of ERP workplaces in Russia is now handled by automated processes developed by 1C.


1C Company, Business software and cloud services
1C:Enterprise consists of two parts: 1C:Enterprise platform and business applications (1C Applied Solutions). 1C :Enterprise platform (framework) is for rapid development, deployment and flexible customization of business automation applications in the cloud, mobile and classic desktop environments. It is suitable to build scalable applications for small, medium and large organizations.


1C Company, Business software and cloud services
1C:Enterprise, version 8 was released in 2004 and all following versions were called 1C:Enterprise 8. The current version of 1C:Enterprise platform is 8.3.18.


1C Company, Business software and cloud services
Business applications running on the platform include a variety of out-of-the-box or custom technologies for small and medium businesses, as well as for enterprise customers including ERP and CPM-class technologies for manufacturing, trade, logistics, inventory, accounting, finance management, payroll&HR, document management and over 1000 more technologies for different business tasks and industries.


1C Company, Business software and cloud services
Application technologies are developed by the partners who cooperate with 1C according to the company, have open-source code format for customization of business logic by any developer mostly, but authors of technology can close some modules.


1C Company, Business software and cloud services
1CFresh - an online platform for technology to develop, publish and manage cloud technologies and services based on 1C:Enterprise software, combining several cloud applications developed by 1C.


1C Company, Affiliate network, franchising
According to 1C the company provides its services through a network of partnerships consisting of more than 10,000 long-term partners in 25 countries.


1C Company, Affiliate network, franchising
One of the business strategies of 1C on the Russia IT market and several other countries is a franchising business model. About 7000 franchisees in 750 cities of Russia and neighboring countries provide comprehensive service for business automation, deployment, customization and support of 1C:Enterprise-based systems, consulting, user training, etc. 250+ of them have certified its QoS as ISO 9001-compliant.


1C Company, Affiliate network, franchising
The franchisees take over half the sales price of the software, plus the bulk of consulting and installation fees.


1C Company, Affiliate network, franchising
In 2017 it was reported that 1C maintained a sizeable lead in RBС's publication, for the «Top-50 most popular brands in Russia».


1C Company, Affiliate network, franchising
According to Forbes Russia's estimates, the company controls around 12% of the turnover generated by all franchise businesses in Russia.


1C Company, Distribution
1C is the official distributor of over 100+ software vendors of the likes of ABBYY, Acronis, Aladdin, ALT Linux, Ascon, Entensys, ESET, Famatech, Ideco, Infowatch, Kaspersky Lab, Magix, Microsoft, Movavi, nanoCAD, Oxygen Software, Panda Security, Paragon Mobile, Paragon Software, Redline Software, SmartLine, and others. 1C offers a number of titles of software for office and home use.


1C1 3900
1C1 3900 was a class of SNCF electric locomotive. The class had only one member, 1C1 3901. It was built in 1912 for the Chemins de fer du Midi and its Midi class was E 3200. It was one of six different prototype electric locomotives ordered by the Midi. It was withdrawn in 1959 and one motor from it is preserved.


1C1 3900, Overview
Many lines of the Midi network being mountain lines, the company began an electrification programme in 1909. The system chosen was single phase alternating current at 12 kV and 16⅔ Hz.


1C1 3900, Overview
Six prototype locomotives were ordered for the Perpignan - Villefranche-de-Conflent line. They were:


1C1 3900, Overview
Only the E 3201 really worked well. The company also ordered railcars E ABD 1 to 30, which later became Class Z 4900.


1C1 3900, Service
The E 3201 worked throughout its career on the Perpignan - Villefranche-de-Conflent line for the haulage of freight trains, helped by the railcars. Thanks to its good reliability, it was kept by the SNCF when it was founded in 1938 and it remained in service until 1959.


1C1 3900, Preservation
E 3201 / 1C1 3901 was to be preserved but, owing to an act of vandalism, only one motor from the locomotive could be saved. It is exhibited at the Cité du Train, Mulhouse.


1C:Enterprise
1С:Enterprise is a development platform designed by 1C Company for the fast creation of easily customizable business automation software.


1C:Enterprise, Overview
1C:Enterprise is a full-stack, low-code platform that provides ready-to-use infrastructure and tools for rapid development of business applications, such as ERP, POS, WMS, or other custom corporate software. 1C :Enterprise uses a domain-driven design approach for developing business software. Application development within 1C:Enterprise is done using a high-level object-oriented language in a conceptual model that closely approximates business tasks. Visual editing is used throughout the 1C:Enterprise development process. 1C Company claims that this keeps the volume of programming as such to a minimum, in keeping with the low-code development paradigm. 1C :Enterprise platform consists of the following parts:


1C:Enterprise, History, Versions for DOS
Several versions for the DOS operation system were developed in the 1990s: 3.0, 4.0, then simultaneously 5.0 and 2.0 PROF (which is almost identical to v5.0 in terms functionality). 2.0 PROF was available in single-user and multi-user versions (for collaboration over a local network). The principle of “working from the document” (the idea that operations performed in an application should seamlessly generate bureaucratically/legally-significant documents) was implemented in versions 5.0 and 2.0 PROF, along with the built-in programming language, accounting records, and printing form editor.


1C:Enterprise, History, Version 6.0
Version 6.0 for Windows 3.1 replaced version 5.0 in 1995. The new version had a lot in common with the DOS versions, but had a new core.


1C:Enterprise, History, Versions 7.х (7.0, 7.5, 7.7)
1С:Enterprise 7.0 and 1С:Enterprise 7.5 were evolutionally replaced by 1С:Enterprise 7.7. V7.7 consists of a runtime “wrapper”, i.e. an engine, which works with one or multiple databases defined in the application (“configuration” in 1C:Enterprise terms). Components that execute various accounting and administrative processes are plugged into the engine. Standard components include:


1C:Enterprise, History, Versions 7.х (7.0, 7.5, 7.7)
The built-in programming language used in v7.7 differs significantly from those used in versions 3.0-6.0. The “data objects” concept appeared for the first time in v7.7. The language became essentially universal (i.e., there are some examples of simple games – Tetris, checkers, etc. – being created on the 1C:Enterprise platform).


1C:Enterprise, History, Versions 8.x
The demo version of 1С:Enterprise 8.0 was launched on August 14, 2002. A year later, the first mass-market application – 1C: Enterprise 8.0 Trade Management – was released, which simultaneously marked the release of the 1C:Enterprise technology platform intended for mass-market use. [ 9]1С:Enterprise 8 is localized into Russian, English, and Chinese, as well as a number of other languages (see Market Presence)


1C:Enterprise, History, Version 8.2
The key feature of v8.2 is the “managed application”: the user interface is described declaratively and depends on the type of client software:


1C:Enterprise, History, Version 8.3
At the end of May 2013, 1C Company announced the release of 1C:Enterprise 8.3 with cloud functionality. This was positioned as the final – or most complete – version of the platform. 1C :Enterprise as a cloud platform consists of the following services and technologies:


1C:Enterprise, History, Enterprise Development Tools
Along with ongoing development of v8.3 of the Enterprise platform, 1C Company offers a new version of the platform's development environment – the Eclipse-based Enterprise Development Tools (EDT). EDT enjoys some advantages over the traditional 1C:Enterprise platform development environment:


1C:Enterprise, Market presence
A number of business applications – largely intended to automate business processes and various forms of reporting and documentation – have been developed on the 1C:Enterprise platform. According to a 2014 IDC study, 1C:Enterprise occupies a third of the Russian enterprise software market, second to SAP's 49 percent.


1C:Enterprise, Market presence
1C is expanding beyond the CIS and has been localised in more than 20 languages.


1C:Enterprise, Market presence
Countries of presence include US, Germany, Romania, Poland, Italy, Spain and Vietnam.


1CAK
1CAK is an Indonesian entertainment site that provides images and videos uploaded by users, including Internet memes. 1CAK users can select and comment on images. Popular images appear on the main website.


1CAK, History
1CAK was founded by Aji Ramadhan. Originally Aji created his website on 1cuk.com on 17 February 2012 but later changed the domain to 1cak.com on 30 September. He avoided the negative connotation of word cuk in Javanese.


1CAK, History
The website had 25,000 registered users as of October 2012. As of November, 1CAK had 40,000 daily visitors and 160,000 daily page views.


1CAK, History
In February 2014, 1CAK had 9 million page views monthly from 560,000 visitors.


1CAK, Similarity to 9GAG
According to Tech in Asia, the interface of 1CAK is similar to 9GAG. The jokes created in the website were also similar with 9GAG with localized contexts. The founder himself admitted that 1CAK is influenced by 9GAG but claimed that both was not exactly the same. According to Kompas, Ray Chan, when asked about 1CAK that clones his website, said he was "happy if 9Gag is able to inspire people and spread the fun."


1CMS
FM 91.1 CMS (callsign 1CMS) is a multilingual community radio station broadcasting to Canberra, in languages other than English, from studios in the suburb of Holder. CMS is a member of the National Ethnic and Multicultural Broadcasters Council (NEMBC) and the Community Broadcasting Association of Australia (CBAA).


1CMS
The policy of CMS is to encourage all languages to broadcast for at least an hour each week, providing time on an equitable basis. Programming priorities include youth, women and emerging communities.


1CMS, History
The EBC (Ethnic Broadcasters Council) as it was then called, started broadcasting by purchasing airtime on community station 2XX. Up to 25 language groups were broadcasting for half an hour each per week during the 1980s. Discontent in the early 1990s saw the EBC and 2XX sever ties with each other. EBC were off the air until August 1992 when they were able to apply for their own test broadcast licence. EBC were back on air on Tuesdays and Fridays using the facilities of ArtSound FM.


1CMS, History
In 1999 the EBC received a full-time test licence to broadcast on 103.5 FM. Soon after the on air identity was changed to Canberra Multicultural Service and the frequency moved to the present 91.1 FM. Then an application for a full broadcasting licence was applied for. This was granted on 15 June 2001.


1CMS, Current
FM 91.1 CMS now has programming in around 30 languages. The station broadcasts live from the Canberra Multicultural Festival each year. Internet streaming was introduced in 2008.


1CMS, Programming
As of 2008, the station broadcasts in the following languages:


1CMS, Programming
Satellite programming from Deutsche Welle, Radio France International and the National Indigenous Radio Service is also carried.


1Co+Co1
Under the British and Imperial classification scheme of locomotive axle arrangements, which is related to the UIC classification, 1Co+Co1 is a classification code for a locomotive wheel arrangement of two eight-wheeled bogies with an articulated inter-bogie connection, each with three axles powered by a separate traction motor per axle and with the fourth non-powered axle in an integral leading pony truck to reduce the axle load. The similar 1Co-Co1 classification is in the same axle configuration, but without the inter-bogie connection.


1Co+Co1, Overview
The 1Co+Co1 wheel arrangement for electric and diesel-electric locomotives was a development of the Co+Co wheel arrangement to enable a relatively heavy locomotive to work on light rail by reducing the axle load. This was accomplished by the addition of a non-powered axle in an integral pony truck to the three traction motored Co powered bogie.


1Co+Co1, Overview
In the United States of America, the South African Class 32-000 is credited with being a major factor in the demise of the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) and the rise of General Electric (GE) in the locomotive building business. In 1957, the South African Railways (SAR) called for tenders with two options.


1Co+Co1, Overview
The SAR was not very enthusiastic about the General Motors Electro-Motive Division (EMD) two-stroke cycle engines and had a strong preference for ALCO's Model 251 engine and GE's transmission systems. As a prior supplier of steam locomotives for the SAR, ALCO appeared to be virtually assured of receiving the order. General Steel Castings had a design on paper for a 1Co bogie which could be utilised by either ALCO or GE and which would enable the SAR's specification to be met for the heavier 1,800 horsepower (1,300 kilowatts) units.


1Co+Co1, Overview
The SAR made it clear that, despite the two options afforded by the tender, its strong preference was for a 1Co+Co1 locomotive. However, the use of a bogie with an integral pony truck was not universally accepted by ALCO's engineering management. The result was that ALCO bid on only the Co+Co option and lost out to GE, who had bid on both options. In South Africa, this virtually opened the floodgates for GE, since more than half of the SAR's vast diesel-electric locomotive fleet which would be acquired between 1959 and 1981 were GE products.


1Co+Co1, Usage, South Africa
The 3 kV DC Class 4E electric locomotive was designed for the SAR by the General Electric Company (GEC) and was built by the North British Locomotive Company (NBL) between 1952 and 1953. The Class 4E was amongst the most powerful electric locomotives in the world at that time and at 157,488 kilograms (155 long tons), it was a heavy locomotive for 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge. The reasons for the leading pony truck were both to improve stability at speed and to reduce the axle load.


1Co+Co1, Usage, South Africa
Between 1959 and 1961, the SAR placed 115 high-nosed Class 32-000 GE type U18C1 diesel-electric locomotives in service in South West Africa, where very light rail conditions necessitated lighter axle loadings which could not be achieved with conventional three-axle bogies under a heavy 96,520 kilograms (95 long tons) locomotive.


1Co+Co1, Usage, South Africa
In June and July 1966, ten low-nosed Class 32-200 GE type U20C1 diesel-electric locomotives entered service on the SAR. The Class 32-200 was actually a Class 33-000 locomotive on the 1Co bogies of the Class 32-000, which reduced its axle load from the 15,749 kilograms (15.5 long tons) of the Class 33-000 to 12,700 kilograms (12.5 long tons). Apart from the bogies, which necessitated a smaller fuel tank, its physical dimensions and exterior appearance were identical to that of the Co+Co Class 33-000 and it used the same V12 prime mover.


1Co+Co1, Usage, Japan
A number of Japanese electrics from the 1930s, also on Cape gauge, such as the EF10 also used this arrangement.


1D-1-guanidino-3-amino-1,3-dideoxy-scyllo-inositol transaminase
In enzymology, a 1D-1-guanidino-3-amino-1,3-dideoxy-scyllo-inositol transaminase (EC ) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction


1D-1-guanidino-3-amino-1,3-dideoxy-scyllo-inositol transaminase
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 1D-1-guanidino-3-amino-1,3-dideoxy-scyllo-inositol and pyruvate, whereas its two products are 1D-1-guanidino-1-deoxy-3-dehydro-scyllo-inositol and L-alanine.


1D-1-guanidino-3-amino-1,3-dideoxy-scyllo-inositol transaminase
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the transaminases, which transfer nitrogenous groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 1D-1-guanidino-3-amino-1,3-dideoxy-scyllo-inositol:pyruvate aminotransferase. Other names in common use include guanidinoaminodideoxy-scyllo-inositol-pyruvate aminotransferase, and L-alanine-N-amidino-3-(or 5-)keto-scyllo-inosamine transaminase.


1D-chiro-Inositol
1D-chiro-Inositol (formerly D-chiro-inositol, commonly abbreviated DCI) is a member of a family of related substances often referred to collectively as "inositol", although that term encompasses several isomers of questionable biological relevance, including 1L-chiro-inositol. myo-Inositol is converted into DCI by an insulin dependent NAD/NADH epimerase enzyme. It is known to be an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction. DCI accelerates the dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase and pyruvate dehydrogenase, rate limiting enzymes of non-oxidative and oxidative glucose disposal. DCI may act to bypass defective normal epimerization of myo-inositol to DCI associated with insulin resistance and at least partially restore insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal. One pilot study found males taking it had increased androgens and reduced estrogen.


1DOL
1DOL (stylized as iDOL) was a 2010 Philippine drama starring Sarah Geronimo, Sam Milby and Coco Martin. That aired on ABS-CBN's Primetime Bida evening block from September 6, 2010 to October 22, 2010 replacing Agua Bendita.


1DOL
The show was permanently cancelled on October 22, 2010, garnering only 35 episodes in total before being replaced by Mara Clara.


1DOL, Conception
Sarah Geronimo makes her comeback project of the musical drama series after the success of Bituing Walang Ningning (2006) and Pangarap na Bituin (2007).


1DOL, Conception
1DOL was launched during the ABS-CBN Trade Event held August 24, 2010 at the World Trade Center Manila. It is also part of ABS-CBN's celebration for the 60th Year of Pinoy Soap Opera.


1DOL, Conception
On August 21 to September 4, 2010, ABS-CBN aired in its Saturday primetime block "The Making of 1DOL", a 30-minute special on how the series was conceptualized.


1DOL, Conception
The series premiered on September 6, 2010, simulcasted its pilot episode on three different television channels Studio 23 (now S+A), Cinema One, and ABS-CBN.


1DOL, Synopsis
Belinda's on her way to becoming the next singing idol. When her parents Samson and Laura have incurred twenty million pesos worth of debt to a family friend, she was suddenly forced to leave her showbiz life behind. They have no choice but to run for their lives or else they would land in jail with no one to help them out. But in the process, Belinda not only loses her chance to make it big but she also walks away from Vince, her childhood friend whom she secretly loves. When her family moves to a remote province did Belinda meet Lando who instantly falls in love with her.


1DOL, Cast and characters
1DOL revolves not only in the main characters but a core group of supporters, led by Belinda "Billie/Jean" Suarez (Sarah Geronimo), Fernando "Lando" Lagdameo (Coco Martin) and Vincent "Vince" Serrano (Sam Milby). Lando and Vince have been secretly crushing on the same girl who has two different identities.


1DOL, Music
In every episode of the show, musical numbers are performed by the cast.


1DayLater
1DayLater was a free, web-based software that was focused on professional invoicing. The company was formed in 2009 and closed in October 2013.


1DayLater
The main function of 1DayLater was to help users create invoices for clients. It could also be used to build quotes and estimates, to track time and other expenses, work to budgets, and to track projects. Multiple users could simultaneously work on the same projects together.


1DayLater
PC Magazine (PCMag) voted 1DayLater as one of the 'Best Free Software of 2010'.


1DayLater, History
The software was developed by two brothers, Paul and David King; after they experienced similar frustrations while working freelance, the brothers wanted to create a product that would let them track time, expenses and business miles in a single online location.


1E
1E is a privately owned IT software and services company based in the United Kingdom. 1E is headquartered in London, with offices in New York City, Australia, and Noida.


1E, History
1E was founded in 1997 by three former Microsoft contractors, Sumir Karayi, Phil Wilcock, and Mark Blackburn, who each contributed £500 to start the company. Karayi is now CEO, Blackburn is CIO, whilst Wilcock has left the company. The company has more than 30 million licenses deployed worldwide, across 1,700 organizations from public and private sectors in 42 countries. [ ]


1E, History
The company's name is derived from a computer error. When some Microsoft Windows computers crash, a blue screen containing "STOP 0x0000001E" appears. This name was chosen because the founders had the ambition that 1E could prevent this from happening to big companies.


1E, History
1E opened its first office, in Ealing, London, in 1999, shortly followed by an office in Noida, Delhi. In 2001, 1E launched its first software product, NightWatchman, followed by Nomad in 2003.


1E, History
In 2008, the company opened its third office in New York City. 1E’s US presence would quickly grow to account for 80% of its total revenue.


1E, History
1E entered the Software Asset Management space in 2011 with AppClarity.


1E, History
In 2017, 1E launched two new products, the Windows Self-Service and Tachyon.


1E, Products
Tachyon is an Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) platform, which enables live interactions with, and scheduling of instructions for each endpoint to enable automation of IT operations.


1E, Products
AppClarity is a Software Asset Management Suite. AppClarity Base consumes and normalizes inventory data to licensed product names and provides assessments of usage of those products. AppClarity Reclaim allows users to create policies to automate removal (reclaim) of software based on usage, version, etc. AppClarity Compliance enables customers to track licenses, entitlements, rights, limitations, metrics, contracts, etc. and understand their Compliance position. AppClarity License Demand packs provide accurate license demand calculations for complex metrics like Oracle Processor Licenses or MS SQL Core licenses by consuming inventory data.


1E, Products
Windows Self-Service is a tool set that leverages Microsoft System Center Configuration Manager (SCCM) to automate all Windows 10 migration scenarios.


1E, Products
Nomad is an add-on and enhancement to Microsoft System Center Configuration Manager (SCCM) which intelligently uses available network bandwidth to deliver operating system upgrades, software deployments and patches.


1E, Products
Shopping is an app store for the enterprise, which replicates the user experience found with consumer app stores.


1E, Products
NightWatchman is a PC power management tool which manages power use for servers and PCs. Included with NightWatchman is WakeUp, a Wake-on-LAN product used to power on PCs remotely for software updating and patching.


1E, Research
In 2009 1E and the Alliance to Save Energy commissioned independent research into the awareness and behavior of PC users and server administrators in the world's largest companies.


1E, Research
In 2010 1E commissioned Vanson Bourne to conduct research into Help Desk Efficiency. The resulting report highlighted a number of challenges for IT departments. More than a third of users perceive little or no value from the money their IT department spends on them each year. More than 50% of users have to chase every request they make at least once to make sure they receive the software they ask for and more than two thirds (68%) of users feel it would be quicker and easier to find and install software themselves rather than contacting their IT help desk.


1E, Research
In 2016 1E released the Software Usage and Waste Report 2016, which discovered that 38% of enterprise software was going to waste, equating to billions of dollars in waste.


1E 161348-5055
1E 161348-5055.1, commonly shortened to 1E 161348-5055, is a neutron star found in the centre of RCW103 supernova remnant. It is a periodic X-ray source with a period of 6.67 hours. It is approximately 2000 years old. It is 10,000 light years away in the constellation Norma.


1E 161348-5055
This star is unusual because of its rotation period of 6.7 hours. Its period is too long for a star of 2000 years, which should be rotating thousands of times faster. Instead, it is behaving more like a multi-million-year-old star. Another oddity occurred between October 1999 and January 2000. The star became 50 times brighter. The flare has faded since its peak but has not returned to its pre-1999 level. Two theories have been put forward to explain these phenomena.


1E 161348-5055
The first is that the star possesses a massive magnetic field. This strong field would brake against the debris disk left behind by the supernova, which has thus far been unknown to science. This theory would account for the slower than expected rotation but not for the increase in brightness.


1E 161348-5055
An alternate explanation is that the star has a low-mass X-ray binary. The companion star would orbit in an elongated orbit. When the companion is close to the neutron star, it would feed mass into it, creating the increased brightness. The drag created by the companion on the neutron star's magnetic field would also slow the rotation of the neutron star. If this scenario is the case, it is the youngest such system yet observed.


1ES 1101-232
1ES 1101-232 is an active galactic nucleus of a distant galaxy known as a blazar.


1ES 1101-232
An X-ray source (catalogued as A 1059-22) was first recorded by Maccagni and colleagues in a 1978 paper; they thought the source arose from a galaxy in the Abell 1146 galaxy cluster, which contained many giant elliptical galaxies. In 1989, Remillard and colleagues linked the X-ray source with a visual object and established that the object was surrounded by a large elliptical galaxy. They also discovered that the object (and galaxy) were more distant, with a redshift of 0.186. The host galaxy appears to be part of a distant galaxy cluster.


1ES 2344+514
1ES 2344+514 is a blazar first detected on December 20, 1995 with its official discovery being announced in 1998. It is more than 5 billion light years away from Earth. It was discovered by the Whipple Collaboration at the Whipple Observatory using a 10 meter gamma-ray telescope.


1F Hecho Realidad Tour
1F Hecho Realidad Tour was the fifth concert tour by American group Ha*Ash. The tour was supporting her first live album Primera Fila: Hecho Realidad. The tour visited South America, North America and Europe starting on  April  25, 2015.


1F Hecho Realidad Tour, Set list
This is the setlist for the show at the Auditorio Telmex in Guadalajara, México on September 10, 2016. It is not representative of every show on the tour.


1G
1G  refers to the first generation of wireless cellular technology (mobile telecommunications). These are the analog telecommunications standards that were introduced in the 1980s and continued until being replaced by 2G digital telecommunications. The main difference between these two mobile cellular generations is that the audio transmissions of 1G networks were analog, while 2G networks were entirely digital.


1G
Although both systems use digital signaling to connect the radio towers (which listen to the handsets) to the rest of the telephone system, the voice itself during a call is encoded to digital signals in 2G whereas 1G is only modulated to higher frequency, typically 150 MHz and up. The inherent advantages of digital technology over that of analog meant that 2G networks eventually replaced them everywhere.


1G
One such standard is Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT), used in Nordic countries, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Eastern Europe and Russia. Others include Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) used in North America and Australia, TACS (Total Access Communications System) in the United Kingdom, C-450 in West Germany, Portugal and South Africa, Radiocom 2000 in France, TMA in Spain, and RTMI in Italy. In Japan there were multiple systems. Three standards, TZ-801, TZ-802, and TZ-803 were developed by NTT (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation), while a competing system operated by Daini Denden Planning, Inc. (DDI) used the Japan Total Access Communications System (JTACS) standard.


1G
The antecedent to 1G technology is the mobile radio telephone.


1G, History
The first commercially automated cellular network (the 1G generation) was launched in Japan by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) in 1979, initially in the metropolitan area of Tokyo. Within five years, the NTT network had been expanded to cover the whole population of Japan and became the first nationwide 1G network.


1G, History
In 1981, the NMT system simultaneously launched in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. NMT was the first mobile phone network to feature international roaming. In 1983, the first 1G network launched in the USA was Chicago-based Ameritech using the Motorola DynaTAC mobile phone. Several countries then followed in the early to mid-1980s including the UK, Mexico and Canada.


1GN
1GN, formerly known as 1 Girl Nation, was a contemporary Christian, power pop and pop rock band from Nashville, Tennessee, United States. They are on the Reunion Records label, affiliated with Provident Label Group and Sony Music Entertainment, and released their first album entitled 1 Girl Nation on August 20, 2013. The album has had chart successes.


1GN, Background
In 2012, 1 Girl Nation was formed in Nashville, Tennessee, and the band members are Lauryn Taylor Bach from Birmingham, Alabama, Lindsey Adamec from Jacksonville, Florida, Carmen Justice from Nashville, Tennessee, Kayli Robinson from Orlando, Florida, and Kelsey Grimm from Chicago, Illinois. On May 1, 2014, the band announced that Kelsey was leaving the band because she was getting married.


1GN, Music
In June 2013, the band was signed to Reunion Records, a major Christian music label in the United States.


1GN, Music, 1 Girl Nation
On August 20, 2013, 1 Girl Nation released their self-titled debut album 1 Girl Nation. 1 Girl Nation charted at No. 11 and No. 9 on the Top Christian Albums and the Top Heatseekers Albums charts respectively, for the Billboard charting week of September 7, 2013. On December 14, 2013, Billboard charts the album was the No. 2 Heatseekers Albums.


1GN, Music, Unite
Their second album, Unite, was released on April 15, 2016, by Reunion Records.


1GN, Sponsorships
In September 2013, 1 Girl Nation obtained sponsorships from Anytime Fitness (the Nashville, TN location), MAC Cosmetics and 1964 Ears.


1GOAL Education for All
1GOAL Education for All campaign is run by the Education Week Foundation (India). Working with football and the footballing community, 1GOAL raises public awareness and involvement in achieving education for all the 67 million children out of school worldwide. It is supported by over 200 international footballers; over 70 football clubs including Manchester United, Corinthians, Los Angeles Galaxy, Chelsea FC, FC Barcelona, Inter Milan, AC Milan, Liverpool F.C., FC Porto, Sporting Lisbon and Arsenal; and national and international footballing organisations including the Confederation of African Football, FIFPro, the Professional Footballers' Association and FIFA.


1GOAL Education for All
It was launched by Queen Rania of Jordan in August 2009. Alongside Queen Rania, it is co-chaired by FIFA President Sepp Blatter and Nobel prize laureate Archbishop Desmond Tutu.


1GOAL Education for All
It campaigns to secure schooling for some 67 million children worldwide in accordance with the Millennium Goal Promise of education for all by 2015. There are several barriers to achieving universal primary education: lack of funds to pay for infrastructure and ongoing costs (buildings, teachers' salaries, learning materials); lack of qualified teachers; conflict and the practice of charging school fees in some developing countries.


1GOAL Education for All
As of July 2010, "Twelve million people have signed up to support 1Goal - that makes this the biggest campaign for education in history. Football is helping make something very special happen," says ambassador Anthony Baffoe of Ghana.


1GOAL Education for All
By September 2010, 18 million people had joined 1GOAL. During the UN Millennium Development Goals Review Summit, held in New York, 20–22 September 2010, Queen Rania delivered this petition directly to UN Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon. At a 1GOAL event during the same summit, the World Bank announced an increase of $750 million to education and the Australian Government announced an increase of about $5 billion, of which 70% is ringfenced for primary education.


1GOAL Education for All
Many world leaders, footballers and celebrities have supported the initiative including Shakira, Cristiano Ronaldo, Pelé, Mick Jagger, Jessica Alba, Matt Damon, Patrick Vieira, Michael Essien, Samuel Eto'o, Aaron Mokoena, Quinton Fortune, Rio Ferdinand, Michael Ballack, Sir Bobby Charlton and Marcel Desailly.


1HDTV
Pervy TVCh, JSC (First HDTV) is the Russian TV company established in 2007 in Saint Petersburg.


1HDTV
The audience of Pervy TVCh channels includes over 43 million people all across Russia (as of February 2020).


1HDTV
Pervy TVCh specializes in creating niche TV channels for satellite and cable broadcasting. Pervy TVCh produces thematic channels including HDTV.


1HDTV
The TV company was one of the pioneers in Russia to launch timeshift satellite TV channels.


1Hop
1Hop (formerly, Top Totty) is an English golden ale beer with a 4% alcohol content. It is brewed by Slater's Ales in Staffordshire, England. It was initially brewed as a summer ale. It gained nationwide attention after being banned from the House of Commons.


1Hop, History
1Hop was first brewed as Top Totty and sold in Staffordshire in 1997. In 2006, Top Totty won the Society of Independent Brewers Midlands Gold award for best specialty beer and Bronze for the overall SIBA Midlands Beer Competition. It has been described by its makers as "a stunning blonde beer, full-bodied with a voluptuous hop aroma".


1Hop, Banned in the House of Commons
In 2007, Jeremy Lefroy the Conservative Party Member of Parliament for Stafford arranged for Top Totty to be sold as a guest ale in the Strangers' Bar in the House of Commons. While it was on sale there, it sold out within three days. In 2012, Top Totty was again placed on sale in the Stranger's Bar.


1Hop, Banned in the House of Commons
Two days later, the Labour Party's Shadow Minister for Women and Equalities, Kate Green became aware that the beer was for sale in the House and requested that it be removed from the Stranger's Bar due to the use of a pump clip depicting a bunny girl in a bikini, which she found disturbing.


1Hop, Banned in the House of Commons
The beer was removed from the Stranger's Bar and the Leader of the House of Commons, Sir George Young stated that "action would be taken", which led to Top Totty being banned from the House of Commons. A petition was submitted to the British government in February 2012 calling for the beer to be reinstated but was rejected as not covering an area for which the government or parliament was responsible.


1Hop, Banned in the House of Commons
United Kingdom Independence Party Member of the European Parliament, Mike Natrass opposed the ban, saying that "knee-jerk puritanism does more to damage the cause of equality than a thousand beer labels." Top Totty was replaced in the Stranger's Bar by another beer called Kangaroo Court. Slater's Ales did offer to change the pump clip used when the beer was offered for sale in Parliament but did not intend to change it when offered for sale elsewhere in the United Kingdom.


1Hop, Reaction
The ban in parliament caused widespread publicity and an increase in sales. Slater's Ales started to sell the beer all year round instead of just in the summer, and orders were received from abroad. A public relations company connected with Slater's claimed that the press coverage was good publicity for the beer. Fay Slater of the brewers, commented "It's been positive to us, it's in our favour and expectedly so".


1Hop, Reaction
In late 2018, Slater's Ales changed the name of the beer from 'Top Totty' to '1Hop', as the beer is brewed with only one type of hop 'English WGV'. This change was partially due to focus groups, and from various feedback received to the brewery. This move also removed the 'bunny girl' from the original logo and pump clip of the beer.


1K ZX Chess
1K ZX Chess is a 1982 chess program for the unexpanded Sinclair ZX81.


1K ZX Chess, Description
1K ZX Chess's code takes up only 672 bytes in memory, but implements chess rules except for castling, promotion, and en passant, including a computer opponent. It was the smallest implementation of chess on any computer, although today that title is held by LeanChess with 288 bytes (less than half the size of 1K ZX Chess). Developer David Horne discussed 1K ZX Chess and published the full source code as a type-in program in a series of articles in Your Computer in 1982 and 1983.


1K ZX Chess, Reception
Popular Computing Weekly in 1982 called 1K ZX Chess "one of the most interesting ZX tapes to pass through our office in recent weeks". It approved of the computer displaying moves while considering them and noted "the skills which went into writing a chess program in 1K of machine code. Is there anyone reading this who could even contemplate doing the same?" The magazine concluded, "Despite the limitations this is one cassette, at £3, which I would recommend." Sinclair User in 1983 stated that "it takes some technical wizardry to squeeze this kind of game into the unexpanded ZX81".


1K ZX Chess, Reception
The magazine praised the game's quick loading speed, and found that it "makes its moves very fast for the amount of memory available for it". Home Computing Weekly gave the game three out of five stars, criticizing the confusing user interface but stating that "it still produces play which needs some thought to beat". Tim Harding wrote in a 1985 book on computer chess that "the man who did it must be some sort of genius". While describing 1K ZX Chess' quality of play as "so appalling that it would be hard to make it beat you" and criticizing the backward algebraic notation, he concluded that "the program is nevertheless a fantastic technical achievement".


1K ZX Chess, Reception
1K ZX Chess came in second place for best software in a poll of ZX81 users. Retrogaming Times Monthly described it as "history's greatest game programming feat"; Kuro5hin agreed, calling 1K ZX Chess "the greatest program ever written". BootChess author Olivier Poudade praised 1K ZX Chess's code, stating that at first writing a smaller chess program "seemed impossible ... Horne had nailed it so much already". Poudade acknowledged replicating some of Horne's methods as he could not improve them.


1K17 Szhatie
The 1K17 Szhatie (Russian: 1К17 Сжатие — "Compression") is a self-propelled laser vehicle of Soviet origin. The platform uses a Msta-S chassis with a battery of laser projectors mounted in the turret. It was developed by the Soviet Union in order to disable the optical-electronic equipment of enemy missiles, ground and aerial vehicles.


1K17 Szhatie, History
The 1K17 Szhatie was developed in the 1970s and 1980s. Although the Soviet Union attempted to keep the plans secret, the Pentagon managed to obtain drawings from defectors. Western intelligence services code named it the Stiletto. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the development of the Szhatie was abandoned, as the development and manufacturing of the laser projection system had become too expensive and unnecessary. Two of these "tanks" were tested, with one being scrapped and the other being displayed in the Army Technology Museum near Moscow, but without its laser projector


1K17 Szhatie, Design
The "tank" used an intense laser beam to disable the optical-electronic equipment of the enemy vehicles. This was created by focusing light through 30 kg of artificial rubies which made the whole system very expensive to produce. The optics that produced the laser were placed at the end of a silver coated spiral which helped amplify the beam and increase convergence. The energy to power the laser was provided by a generator and an auxiliary battery system. The lenses themselves were able to operate in different environments by moving metal caps closer to protect the lens. It was also equipped with a 12.7mm NSV machine gun to defend itself against attacks by infantry and air.


1K17 Szhatie, Design
A similar laser system was also developed around the same time named "Sangvin", which was based on the ZSU-23-4 self-propelled anti-aircraft gun.


1KUNS-PF
1KUNS-PF (1st Kenyan University NanoSatellite-Precursor Flight) was the first Kenyan owned satellite to be launched into space. The cubesat was developed and assembled by the University of Nairobi. Technical support was provided by Japan's Aerospace Exploration Agency and it was launched from the International Space Station after being delivered to the station by a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket.


1KUNS-PF, Background
The idea to have a Kenyan built satellite in space began in September 2015 with the planning and design of the space module. Financial support was obtained for the project when the University of Nairobi won a competitive grant from the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) in 2016. The University of Nairobi was the first institution to benefit from a joint project between the United Nations and JAXA. The satellite was given the acronym 1KUNS-PF which in full is First Kenya University Nano Satellite-Precursor Flight. External technical support was provided by Sapienza University together with two Italian companies. The cost of the programme was about a million dollars. The satellite orbited 400 kilometers above the Earth.


1KUNS-PF, Launch and purpose
On 2 April 2018, the satellite was carried on the International Space Station on board a SpaceX CRS-14 which was launched on a Falcon 9 rocket with help from the National Aeronautic and Space Administration. It was deployed from the space station into its orbit from the Kibō module on 11 May 2018. Its signal was successfully received from the Ground Station in Rome by the students of Sapienza University of Rome. Its launch was the third for an African country after GhanaSat-1 and Nigeria EduSat-1 which went into service in 2017. In addition to 1KUNS-PF two other nano satellites, Ubakusat and Proyecto Irazú were also on board the Falcon-9 rocket to the ISS. All three satellites were deployed into space from the ISS by Japanese astronaut Norishige Kanai.


1KUNS-PF, Launch and purpose
The 1KUNS-PF was a 1 unit cubesat. It was an experimental cubesat, with the main mission being to create awareness to the locals on the benefits of space uses. On board the cubesat, there were camera payloads, which were used to take mapping images of Kenya and other East Africa countries within the vicinity of its orbit. The cubesat was designed to have a lifespan of one year and its operations were within the UN space use mitigation measures.


1L-myo-inositol 1-phosphate cytidylyltransferase
1L-myo-inositol 1-phosphate cytidylyltransferase (EC , CTP:inositol-1-phosphate cytidylyltransferase (bifunctional CTP:inositol-1-phosphate cytidylyltransferase/CDP-inositol:inositol-1-phosphate transferase (IPCT/DIPPS)), IPCT (bifunctional CTP:inositol-1-phosphate cytidylyltransferase/CDP-inositol:inositol-1-phosphate transferase (IPCT/DIPPS)), L-myo-inositol-1-phosphate cytidylyltransferase) is an enzyme with systematic name CTP:1L-myo-inositol 1-phosphate cytidylyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction


1L121-E
The 1L121-E is a Russian mobile air defense radar. It was first shown in 2011 at the MAKS Air Show outside Moscow. It was developed by the Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Radio Engineering (NNIIRT).


1L121-E, Description
The 1L121-E can be mounted on a wide variety of vehicles including a BTR-80 and a GAZ Vodnik. The 1L121-E gives full hemispheric coverage and is designed to function on the move or on the halt. Moving from stationary to mobile operation requires about two minutes. The radar spots and classifies up to four different target types, positioning each target with an accuracy of 100 meters. With about 1 degree in accuracy for elevation and azimuth. It is mainly designed to detect and track airborne targets including low-level small UAVs.


1L6
The 1L6 is a 7 pin miniature vacuum tube of the pentagrid converter type. It was developed in the United States by Sylvania. It is very similar electrically to its predecessors, the Loktal-based 1LA6 and 1LC6. Released in 1949 for the Zenith Trans-Oceanic shortwave portable radio, this tube was in commercial production until the early 1960s .


1L6
The 1L6 was to be a specialty tube, produced in small quantities by very few manufacturers, mostly Sylvania for use by just a few manufacturers of shortwave portables, such  as Zenith - in their Trans-Oceanics - and its short-lived rivals, such as the Hallicrafters TW-1000 and the RCA Strat-O-World and  very few others. In fact, Zenith, Crosley and more than a few others used it in many radios. 1L6 based multi-band radios were made by Crosley, Airline (Montgomery Ward house-brand), Silvertone (Sears house brand), Hallicrafters, FADA, and several others. When the US military commissioned two versions of the Trans-Oceanics, they stockpiled 1L6s in the uncounted thousands, some of which still show up at surplus sales.


1L6
It was offered to Zenith by Sylvania in place of the larger 1LA6 - for which Zenith made production line changes as the first Miniature-Tube T/O was starting production. The original G500 chassis was punched for a Locktal socket, Zenith changed the phenolic wafer socket to accommodate the smaller tube. NOTE: a 1LA6 (or a 1LC6) will work as a near drop-in replacement for the 1L6 with the use of an adapter socket.


1L6
The closest European analog to the 1L6 is the DK92.


1LINK
1LINK (Guarantee) Limited is a consortium of major banks that own and operate the largest representative interbank network in Pakistan and is incorporated under the Company Law, Section 42 by Security and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP). 1LINK is converted to Private Limited Company under section 49 of Companies Act 2017 on July 5, 2018.


1LINK, History, Formation
1LINK is owned by the consortium of eleven major banks of the country and operates through a chief executive officer. The company Board consists of eleven directors, one from each founder member bank.


1LINK, History, Formation
The era of President General Pervez Musharraf starting from 1999 saw a revolution in banking industry. By using ATM, people had an ease of accessing their own money and they no longer had to go through the hassle of bank queues for withdrawing their own money.


1LINK, 1LINK Members
The number of 1LINK member banks has increased rapidly since the inception of the company in 2004.


1LINK, 1LINK Members
1LINK is the largest banking consortium in Pakistan. It is only national ATM switches operational in the country. The State Bank of Pakistan has mandated that all commercial banks in Pakistan, both foreign and domestic, become members of 1LINK. Additionally, the four switches have been interconnected since 2006, which means that a consumer holding an ATM or debit card issued by any bank in Pakistan may use any ATM located throughout the country.


1LINK, PayPak - Domestic Payment Scheme
In line with State Bank of Pakistan vision 2020 to enhance and promote financial inclusion, 1LINK launched Pakistan’s first domestic payment scheme – PayPak in April, 2016.


1LINK, PayPak - Domestic Payment Scheme
PayPak has 10% of market share in terms of volume of cards in the market.


1LINK, PayPak - Domestic Payment Scheme
While Visa has 40%, Mastercard and UnionPay have 25% each of market share.


1LIVE
1LIVE is a radio network by the Westdeutscher Rundfunk public broadcasting corporation in Germany. It specialises in popular music aimed at the 14–39 age demographic, the average age of its listeners is 34.


1LIVE, History
On 1 April 1995, 1LIVE first aired. 1LIVE was intended to replace WDR1 as a more youth centric radio station, this was because WDR1 had an ever ageing listenership.


1LIVE, History
On 1 September 2000, 1LIVE was relaunched. Between 2 pm and 8 pm the programming was not subdivided into different named shows but instead given the name of the day and the current hour, for example: "Eins Live - Donnerstag - Achtzehn" (translated as: "One Live - Thursday - Eighteen"). All shows broadcast after 8 pm had a name. Monday to Thursday the show was named Kultkomplex playing specialist music. On Sunday the show Heimatkult was broadcast, this introduced new bands from within the broadcasting area.


1LIVE, History
On 1 November 2006, 1LIVE introduced a new logo which replaced the pink "1" numeral with the letter "I" in the "L1VE" word-mark and thus the "1" numeral was put alongside the new "LIVE" word-mark in a pink rhombus. On 5 January 2007, 1LIVE was relaunched again. From now on all shows between 5 am and 6 pm took the host's name. Between 6pm and 8pm a new call-in-show "Der Sektor" is broadcast.


1LIVE, History
Up to 2.9 million people listen to 1LIVE every day. Every second person under an age of 30 in 1LIVE's broadcasting area, North Rhine-Westphalia, which is named Sektor, listens to 1LIVE at least once a day.


1LIVE, Shows
Since 2007, shows between 5 am and 8 pm have taken the name of their hosts, and playout is normally mainstream popular music. For the show "Plan B" 1LIVE plays a more specialist music selection. During nighttime slots there are sometimes: crime thrillers, talk, audiobooks or a documentary shows.


1LIVE, 1LIVE diggi
1LIVE diggi is a channel without any host or commercials. It broadcasts music, comedy and news (every hour) and can be received over the Internet as stream, DAB, DVB-S and DVB-C. Its music playlist is updated every week.


1LIVE, 1LIVE Kunst
On 4 October 2006, 1LIVE Kunst, a channel that dealt with cultural topics and demanding pop music, was launched. At 3:15 pm a four-hour programme was broadcast which was repeated until next afternoon. 1LIVE Kunst could only be received via Internet Stream. 1LIVE Kunst was discontinued in 2009.


1LIVE, 1LIVE Kunst
1LIVE Kunst combined alternative music with contributions produced by WDR 2, WDR 3, WDR 5 and itself.


1LIVE, Events
1LIVE organises several parties and concerts in its broadcasting area. Among other things the festival 1LIVE Königstreffen, the music award 1LIVE Krone for German artists and the newcomer-festival Das erste Mal. Besides, they arrange several concerts broadcast over the radio and many more. 1LIVE broadcasts and organizes so called radio concerts with famous musicians like Green Day, Kings of Leon and The Kooks. Fans can get tickets for these concerts only by a lottery on 1LIVE's website and in several radio shows. The concert with Placebo in 2009 was broadcast to more than 20 radios stations in over 15 countries of the world.


1LIVE, Events
On Friday 11 October 2019, 1LIVE joined forces with several European radio stations, all other members of the European Broadcasting Union, including Swedish SR P3, German RBB Fritz, Belgian VRT Studio Brussel, Irish RTÉ 2fm, French Radio France Mouv and Dutch NPO 3FM headed up by British BBC Radio 1 for a special simulcast show named "Europe's Biggest Dance Show". The show started at 7pm UK time and the format was that every country involved would takeover for 1 hour of the 7-hour show, showcasing some of their countries' best dance music starting off with Annie Mac for Radio 1.


1LIVE, Events
The German hour was shared with 30 mins being broadcast by 1LIVE in Cologne and 30 mins by Radio Fritz in Berlin. Most stations chose to feature at least one live DJ set, with Radio 1 having DJ Jax Jones live in the mix. The show reached an estimated 18 million listeners. Each participant station linked to Radio 1 where BBC staff mixed the show at New Broadcasting House in London, the mixed show was then sent back out to the participating stations to broadcast.


1LIVE, Events
Radio 1 Head of Programmes Aled Haydn-Jones said before the show "This is going to be a real radio event! Having seven countries showcasing the best dance music from their country is absolutely the best way it can delivered. I’m proud BBC Radio 1 partnered with seven other radio stations and I can’t wait to hear it! ".


1LIVE, Awards
In 2006, 1LIVE got an ECHO as they are Bester Medienpartner des Jahres (translated: best media contact of the year).


1Law4All Party
1Law4All was a registered political party in New Zealand. The party was launched in June 2013 and was temporarily led by Tom Johnson. The party supported removing references to the Treaty of Waitangi from legislation, abolition of the Waitangi Tribunal and Māori electorates, repeal of the Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011, and withdrawal of New Zealand from the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. The party never contested an election and was deregistered in May 2015.


1Law4All Party, History
Originally the party made reference to Northland farmer Allan Titford as one reason for its policies, mentioning claims that he had been forced off his farm by a campaign of vandalism, government malfeasance, and arson by local Maori. When Titford was convicted of rape and arson charges, the party amended its web site by removing reference to him.


1Law4All Party, History
The Party held its inaugural Annual General Meeting in Napier, on 25 May 2014, at which members elected a Board of Directors. The meeting venue was full (approx 120 people) and was preceded by a lecture by David Round, a law lecturer from Canterbury University, New Zealand. Members present were told that the Party had applied to be a registered political party and hoped to stand candidates in the September 2014 General Election.


1Law4All Party, History
On 14 June 2014, the Electoral Commission announced that an application had been submitted for registration of the party and its logo. The party was registered on 24 July.


1Law4All Party, History
Shortly before the end of candidate nominations for the 2014 election, a post was made to the party's Facebook page indicating that it would not be standing any candidates. According to the message, the resignation of four out of five board members (described by the author of the post as "a deliberate act of sabotage") prevented the party from approving a candidate list before the official deadline. On 5 May 2015, the party's registration with the electoral commission was cancelled at the party's request.


1Law4All Party, History
Prior to the 2017 general election, 1Law4All distributed pamphlets calling for the dissolution of the Waitangi Tribunal and advertising a book which rejects 'race-separatism'. Don Brash, former leader of the New Zealand National Party, authored a chapter in the advertised book, he denied knowledge of the pamphlet. 1Law4All applied for broadcasting funding prior to this election but was not eligible due to being unregistered.


1Law4All Party, History
In April 2019 1Law4All again distributed pamphlets with similar messaging, but was ordered to cease by the Advertising Standards Authority as it was likely to cause 'serious offence'.


1Lib1Ref
#1Lib1Ref (known in some Romance languages as #1Bib1Ref) is a Wikipedia campaign inviting every librarian on Earth to participate in the online encyclopedia project, specifically improving articles by adding citations.


1Lib1Ref
The first #1Lib1Ref campaign coincided with the 15th anniversary of the founding of Wikipedia in January 2016. Based on the premise of One Librarian, One Reference, organizers estimated that if each librarian on the planet spent 15 minutes adding a citation, the combined effort would eliminate English Wikipedia's backlog of 350,000 [citation needed] notices. The inaugural, weeklong event ran from 15–23 January 2016, and employed the hashtag #1lib1ref on various social media platforms.


1Lib1Ref, Results of the first campaign
The inaugural campaign ended with 1,232 revisions on 879 pages, by 327 users in 9 languages, using the hashtag #1lib1ref in the edit summary; these numbers likely underestimate the overall impact, since many participants were observed omitting the hashtag from edit summaries. On Twitter the #1lib1ref hashtag was used in over 1,100 posts by over 630 users.


1Lib1Ref, Recurring event
The campaign has been revived as an annual celebration of Wikipedia's birthday, expanding into a three-week event in subsequent years. The 1Lib1Ref campaign is part of the Wikimedia Foundation's GLAM outreach strategy to involve librarians in the improvement of Wikipedia.


1Life Healthcare
1Life Healthcare (doing business as One Medical) is a San Francisco-based chain of primary healthcare clinics. One Medical is a membership-based primary care service with in-person care and online resources, including a mobile app.


1Life Healthcare, History
One Medical was founded by Tom Lee in 2007. The company grew from a single San Francisco clinic to more than 72 locations across the United States, including 29 clinics in the greater San Francisco Bay Area.


1Life Healthcare, History
In 2017, Amir Rubin succeeded Tom Lee as CEO of One Medical. In 2018, The Carlyle Group invested $350 million in the company. One Medical is also backed by Google's parent company Alphabet Inc.


1Life Healthcare, History
On January 31, 2020, One Medical began trading on the Nasdaq stock exchange.


1Life Healthcare, History
During the early stages of vaccine distribution, One Medical was accused of administering the COVID-19 vaccine to ineligible patients in the San Francisco Bay Area. This resulted in a congressional investigation.


1MV
The 1MV planetary probe (short for 1st generation Mars-Venus) is a designation for a common design used by early Soviet unmanned probes to Mars and Venus. It was standard practice of the Soviet space program to use standardized components as much as possible. All probes shared the same general characteristics and differed only in equipment necessary for specific missions. Each probe also incorporated improvements based on experience with earlier missions. It was superseded by the 2MV family.