1: Nenokkadine, Release
1: Nenokkadine was released globally on 10 January 2014 on about 1,500 screens, around the same time as Yevadu (which was released two days later). The film was Babu's third consecutive release during the Makar Sankranti festival season, following Businessman in 2012 and Seethamma Vakitlo Sirimalle Chettu in 2013. Eros International acquired its global distribution rights for ₹720 million, and it was released and distributed by 14 Reels Entertainment. 1: Nenokkadine was released on 900 screens across Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Including multiplexes, 108 screens were booked in Hyderabad and there were 600 screenings on the film's release day. It broke the record held by Attarintiki Daredi (2013), which had been released on 100 screens in Hyderabad. 14 Reels Entertainment released the film in Auro 11.1 cinema audio format, supported by Barco.


1: Nenokkadine, Release
Karnataka distribution rights were sold to RNR Films, who had distributed Dookudu in the state, for ₹450 million. 1: Nenokkadine was released on about 200 screens overseas, a record for a Telugu film. In addition to the United States and the United Kingdom, the film was released in Australia, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Malaysia and Germany; it was the first Telugu film released in Ukraine. When reaction to the film's length was mixed, the producers reduced its running time from 169 to 149 minutes. 1: Nenokkadine had its global television premiere on 8 June 2014 on Gemini TV, with a TRP rating of 7.32. The film was dubbed and released in Hindi as 1: Ek Ka Dum in 2014, and in Malayalam and Tamil as Number 1 in 2015.


1: Nenokkadine, Release, Marketing
A mobile app was released on 27 November 2013 on Google Play, and later on iOS; 1: Nenokkadine's first look, posters, video promos and other promotional material were released through the app. On 21 December 2013, users could download the film's soundtrack and purchase bulk pre-release tickets. Its digital-media marketing was handled by Sharath Chandra, Anurag and Rohita of First Show Digital. The digital campaign placed third at the 2014 Indian Digital Media Awards in Mumbai, surpassing that for Krrish 3. It accounted for 15 percent of total promotional activity, influencing the sale of 7,500 tickets on the film's release day. 1: Nenokkadine's YouTube channel had 12 million views; on Facebook its page received 130 million views, reaching 40 million users and engaging 3.9 million people.


1: Nenokkadine, Release, Marketing
The film's audio teaser was released on 17 December 2013, a few days before the audio launch. The theatrical trailer of the movie was released on 25 December 2013. South Indian actress Samantha Ruth Prabhu found a poster of Sanon crawling behind Babu "regressive", triggering a backlash on Facebook and Twitter from Babu's fans. Actor Siddharth and filmmaker Sekhar Kammula shared her view, receiving a similar response, and filmmaker Pritish Nandy said that the poster was "gross" and "regressive". Sukumar later removed that sequence from the film to avoid further issues, although the Central Board of Film Certification did not object to its inclusion.


1: Nenokkadine, Reception, Critical response
According to an early report from the International Business Times, 1: Nenokkadine received negative reviews from critics. Later reports suggest that the reviews were mixed. According to The New Indian Express, its audience was "gripped through the whole film, but not for the right reasons": "Ending with a heralding of a second 'Green Revolution' and carrying on a legacy that aims at a food Utopia, you wish the movie continued with the schizophrenia and ended in an asylum".


1: Nenokkadine, Reception, Critical response
Karthik Pasupulate of The Times of India gave the film three out of five stars: "The [Telugu cinema] format of six songs, five fights and loads of entertainment and melodrama makes it impossible to respectably adapt racy Hollywood styled suspense thrillers". Radhika Rajamani of Rediff called the film "inordinately long, with repetitive scenes and slow and sluggish narration", and a "sense of ennui set in after a point"; however, Rajamani praised the lead actors' performances.


1: Nenokkadine, Reception, Critical response
Sify gave the film 2.75 out of five stars: "In 1 Nenokkadine, individual sequences are cool but the same cannot be said if we see it in totality. Apart from Mahesh Babu's stunning performance, the drive of the film is completely off the track. It disappoints." Suresh Kavirayani of Deccan Chronicle gave the film 2.5 out of five stars: "To say it in a line, the film falls short of expectations and disappoints film goers, especially the fans of Mahesh Babu". Kavirayani called Rathnavelu's cinematography its "saving grace", praising the lead pair's performances.


1: Nenokkadine, Reception, Critical response
Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of The Hindu wrote, "How often do we get to watch a Telugu film where the audience, along with the protagonist and supporting characters, is also required to think and distinguish between events unfolding in real and imaginary spaces?" and called 1 Nenokkadine a "visually stunning" film. Sridhar Vivan of Bangalore Mirror gave the film 3.5 out of five stars: "As the film tries out a refined or reformed revenge saga, it needs to be seen whether 1 Nenokkadine works at the box office. If it does, it is a good sign for Telugu cinema".


1: Nenokkadine, Reception, Critical response
A. S. Sashidhar of The Times of India wrote, "The first half of 1: Nenokkadine is good and will keep you wanting for more. The story has a few interesting twists and turns, in the second half too to keep the audience glued to the screen", and Sukumar "should be commended for superb attempt in choosing to make a film that has not been explored in Telugu movies". Shekhar of Oneindia called the film a "brilliant psychological thriller": "The first half of 1: Nenokkadine is excellent and will impress all classes of audience. A few sentimental scenes slow down the pace of narration in the second half. But the superb climax that lasts for 15 minutes will compensate for it. The viewers will surely walk out of theatre with contented hearts".


1: Nenokkadine, Reception, Box office
1: Nenokkadine earned a distributor share of ₹84 million at the AP-Nizam box office on its first day, and ₹124 million over its opening weekend. Its United States opening box office total was $947,000 (₹58.2 million), which trade analyst Taran Adarsh called a "glorious start" and "one of the best openings ever by an Indian film". 1: Nenokkadine passed the $1 million mark in three days, the seventh Telugu film (and Babu's third, after Dookudu and Seethamma Vakitlo Sirimalle Chettu) to earn a million dollars. On its fourth and fifth days the film earned a share of ₹32.5 million at the AP-Nizam box office, for a five-day total share of about ₹150 million.


1: Nenokkadine, Reception, Box office
By the end of 1: Nenokkadine's first week it had earned a distributor share of ₹181 million at the AP-Nizam box office, ₹21 million in Karnataka and ₹9 million in the rest of India. The film's first-week global box-office total was ₹252 million. In ten days 1: Nenokkadine grossed over $1.27 million in the United States, the fourth-highest-grossing Telugu film in that country. The film earned a distributor share of about ₹289 million, on a budget of ₹700 million.


1: The Collection
1: The Collection is a greatest hits compilation album by Julio Iglesias, released in May 2014 on Sony Music.


1: The Collection
It contains a selection of previously released recordings of love ballads. Some tracks were remastered.


1:1 pixel mapping
1:1 pixel mapping is a video display technique applicable to devices with native fixed pixels, such as LCD monitors and plasma displays. A monitor that has been set to 1:1 pixel mapping will display an input source without scaling it, such that each pixel received is mapped to a single native pixel on the monitor. This technique avoids loss of sharpness due to scaling artifacts and normally avoids incorrect aspect ratio due to stretching. If the input resolution is less than the monitor's native resolution, this will result in black borders around the image (e.g. letterboxing or windowboxing).


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy
The 1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy is a 1:10 scale radio-controlled dune buggy designed for off-road racing. These cars are originally based on their full-scale equivalents that are commonly found in desert racing. The buggies are split into two race categories, two (2WD) and four-wheel drive (4WD). These can easily be distinguished visually by their wheel size at the front. Cars are typically electric powered, but nitro versions do exist but are less common because racing classes exist for electric cars. The class is inexpensive and similar to a number of other classes, and this makes them popular with newcomers. The cars are also known as 1/10 off-road.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy
The class was created by Kyosho as a miniature version of their 1:8 scale buggy and popularized by its archrival Tamiya, the latter after witnessing an off-road race at the Baja Peninsula on a business trip. It became popularized in the United States as a racing class, where they helped to lead the radio-controlled car market in the 1980s before the touring car class suddenly took over for the next decade with many manufacturers abandoning the off-road class as a result.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy
The Deutsche Meisterschaften (in West Germany) and ROAR Nationals (in North America) were amongst the first to host an official national championship a year before the International Federation of Model Auto Racing (IFMAR) hosted their official world championship in 1985.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy
1984 saw an introduction of 4WD cars that offered better traction thus 2WD car owners found themselves being forced to compete against its all-wheeled counterpart, resulting in the unlimited/modified category being split into its respective drivetrain classes. This division was first adopted by Remotely Operated Auto Racers (ROAR) and Japan Model Racing Car Association (JMRCA) in 1986 to become used in the Worlds in 1987 then became widely used.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy
By the turn of the millennium, the off-road buggy market regained its market space, whilst continuing to compete with the touring car market, which originally shared the same chassis as well as its 1:8 ancestors.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy
Dirt tracks have been the traditional choice of surfaces since the beginning but with regular maintenance and inconsistent lap times through wear and tear, the use of carpets and artificial turfs have become more widely used, the latter being the controversial choice of surface for the 2015 IFMAR 1:10 Electric Off-Road World Championship, ending a 30-year tradition of dirt track use.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy
Apart from the touring car class, the off-road buggies have branched out into other classes including stadium trucks, monster trucks and Short Course Trucks.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1976—1992: The Golden Era
The moment I saw photographs of the cars roaring across the desert, I thought "We've got to do this!" Battery-powered radio-controlled cars were so quiet... you could enjoy playing with them anywhere — in theory, at least. In fact, you were restricted to asphalt and paved surfaces. If we made an off-road battery-powered R/C car then it really could go anywhere.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1976—1992: The Golden Era
Shunsaku Tamiya, on being inspired to create an off-road buggy.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1976—1992: The Golden Era
In 1977, after reading an American magazine about an off-road racing convention advertised at the Anaheim Convention Center in California, Shunsaku Tamiya, the president of Tamiya at the time, was inspired after seeing images of buggies racing across deserts. He set out at a trip to the show where he also got to witness the desert races at the Baja California Peninsula. Back in Japan, Tamiya tasked designer Fumito Taki to recreate the off-road racers he witnessed that could be driven anywhere. At a hobby show in Houston, Texas; Shunsaku demonstrated his off-road buggies to a large crowd, who greeted the cars with applause.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1976—1992: The Golden Era
Their first buggy, the Rough Rider based on the Funco SSII buggy of Malcolm Smith and Bud Feldkamp, was introduced in 1979, it was notable for being the first "true off-roader", the first car to come with three gear transmission and with independent suspension. It utilized a thin GRP chassis, strengthened by triangular piece of aluminium bolted directly underneath. This was followed shortly by the Sand Scorcher, Taki's more significant designs and their miniature version of the Ford F150 Ranger. The former two was cited by UK's Radio Race Car magazine, in 1990, as the cars that sparked the boom era.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1976—1992: The Golden Era
Before that, Kyosho introduced the nitro powered Peanuts 09 in 1976 that was a smaller version of their 1:8 scale buggy, then the electric powered version called the Eleck Peanuts in 1978, that both used a beam axles unlike the independent suspension cars of the Tamiyas and were like its elder 1:8 counterpart, based on beach buggies although off-road cars were regarded by Peter Vieira of Radio Control Car Action as "barely suspended on-road cars with aggressive tires" that "didn't handle at all".


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1976—1992: The Golden Era
Enthusiasts in Japan took to racing the cars that later spread to other countries.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1976—1992: The Golden Era
At the time of its release, it was assumed by Lawrence H. Earl, the author of the Usborne Model Guides to Model Cars, that they were intended for drivers who are not interested in racing but however, although it was at its infancy in Europe, dirt racing took off in North America as enthusiasts made temporary tracks to race on and gather together friends to build and organize off-road races however at its infancy, they came to be disparaged by enthusiasts of the nitro-powered 1:8 pan-cars, then at its prime, as toys.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1976—1992: The Golden Era
The Tamiya led popularity helped the market surge that became known as the Golden Era of Off-Road Racing as it was believed that anybody in the neighborhood had seen a Tamiya Frog or a Hornet at that point the market began to take off in 1984. The Hornet was credited for popularizing the racing scene at a small price with strong after-market support, it was also robust that it can be still be driven after a novice driver drove it head-on into a curb at full speed. This popularity also led Tamiya's Grasshopper to become, reportedly, the best selling radio-controlled car of all time as it had been offered as a quality kit sold at an affordable price to hobbyists with limited budgets.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1976—1992: The Golden Era
Bolink was one of the many who responded to Tamiya's successes with the Bigger Digger. Because the Tamiya cars lacked a differential, it utilised ball differential, pioneered by Schumacher, who also acted as a distributor for the UK market. Tamiya responded with a Superchamp that utilized their Free-Floating Progressive Damping System (FFPDS), a suspension system that features rear suspension arms that was connected to a transversely mounted coilover oil filled damper, fed by an oil reservoir. This came to use during the suspension's high-compressions through off-road activities. This was considered to be the early version of the modern shock reservoirs.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1976—1992: The Golden Era
In 1982, Kyosho also responded with the Akira Kogawa designed Scorpion, a car dedicated for serious competition use as it was 200/400g lighter to its competitions that went on to become the 1985 ROAR Nationals champion. The car featured an aluminum ladder frame chassis


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1976—1992: The Golden Era
The Tamiya Frog, introduced in 1983, was a departure from all other cars at the time as it was not based on a real car. Based on their miniature version of the Subaru BRAT; it was unique for utilizing a chassis made of a resin compound of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and fully independent suspension that features rear trailering arms paired with coil-over oil-filled shocks and inboard spring type independent front suspension. Although it shared side plates and nylon mouldings as the BRAT, the entire internals was entirely new.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1976—1992: The Golden Era
It featured a redesigned ballraced diffentials that enabled racers a choice of three gear ratios and a lightweight Polycarbonate body that became commonly used on all buggies. Also, it was notable for that it appealed to beginners as well as racers who proceeded to modify the car heavily in order to make it competitive. It won the inaugural Deutsche Meisterschaften Elektro Off-road 1:10, the German championship, in 1984, driven by Michael Kleinhaus.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1976—1992: The Golden Era
In the periods between 1983 and 1984, three brands claimed to be the first to introduce 4WD buggies to the market on each front; Hirobo introduced the 44b, the first 4WD buggy; Yokomo, the YZ-834B "Dog Fighter", the first race specific 4WD buggy and Kyosho the Progress respectively; the first to be sold with four-wheel steering. Another car introduced by Kyosho in 1985, the Optima also by Kogawa, was the first 4WD car to offer double wishbone A-arms for both ends of the car with its own oil-filled coilover shock absorber on each corner of the car. The Dog Fighter used a Kydex flat pan chassis, monoshocks on all corners, limited-slip differential and chain drive. It became successful that, driven by with Gil Losi Jr., it won the inaugural IFMAR Off-Road Worlds.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1976—1992: The Golden Era
At the time when competitions was offered to stock and modified motors and 4WD buggies was at its infancy, many clubs allowed them to race against drivers with 2WD cars, therefore drivers resorted to buying these instead, usually defeating them in the process.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1976—1992: The Golden Era
Team Associated took the realm of the race buggy further when they introduced the Roger Curtis designed RC10, a car that established the layout (motors and batteries on a flat tub chassis) that became an industry standard for all off-road buggies by industry insiders. Taking inspiration from real off-road buggies, Curtis looked at how the suspension could be designed to cope with the high demands of off-road racing.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1976—1992: The Golden Era
The chassis was made from anodized, aircraft grade aluminum alloy, it also featured machined, oil-filled aluminium shock absorbers that can be adjusted with high-impact nylon suspension control arms, ball differentials and two-piece wheels. It primarily proved that designs based on its real life counterpart was not the way to win races, as a result, manufacturers began to break away from realism. Before this, cars sold had to be heavily modified from its stock format in order to be competitive.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1976—1992: The Golden Era
In 1986, Schumacher introduced its first 1:10 off-road model, the CAT (Competition All Terrain); it featured innovations not seen before in R/C cars; universal joint, belt drive transmission system and a 'crash back' front suspension mount (designed to protect the front suspensions in a front-on collisions). It was cited by Radio Race Car magazine, in 1990, to be one of the greatest cars of all. Its success was marked the following year with a win at the EFRA Euros, ROAR Nationals and the IFMAR Worlds.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1976—1992: The Golden Era
PB Racing, another British manufacturer, attempted to emulate the success of Schumacher and other brands with their Mini Mustang, also a belt drive car with twin differentials. It was available in 2WD, 4WD and 2-speed 4WD. The 2-speed option appealed to racers but was proved to be problematic, so racers resorted to the single speed version. It initially enjoyed success in racing before it rapidly lost popularity for undisclosed reasons.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1976—1992: The Golden Era
Traditionally found in on-road cars, the 1980s saw the use of large rear spoilers on cars such as the RC10 and Team Losi JRX-2 in 1988. At that point, buggies began to break away from realism.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1976—1992: The Golden Era
Losi Jr. had used his racing experience to develop the JRX-2 into a winner. The car featured carbon fiber flat pan chassis, low rotating mass 48dp gearbox, fully independent suspension and five-link rear trailing arm suspension which made the car popular with racers.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1976—1992: The Golden Era
Enthusiasts began to experiment with custom built front-wheel drive cars and then manufacturers joined the fray, leading to a short surge of popularity as they claimed it was easier on slick surfaces and cheaper to manufacture. Nichimo was the first to introduce FWD to production off-road buggies when they introduced the Spirit FF. in 1986.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1976—1992: The Golden Era
As they held great advantage over RWD cars on loose, bumpy dirt tracks, one of the main disadvantage of this drivetrain was that they have problems with traction in sandier surfaces in addition to in some championships such as the ROAR Nationals, they are forced to compete against the 4WD car and was banned by IFMAR for its advantages hence why the class never caught on.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1976—1992: The Golden Era
The Kyosho Optima Mid was the first car to utilize a mid-mounted motor in 1987, it was amongst the few brands to experiment with this type of drivetrain. The car enjoyed successes with club racers.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1976—1992: The Golden Era
As their Frog and Hotshots became obsolete over the years and Tamiya was in desperate need to create a serious competition car against the Yokomos and Kyoshos, they evolved the competition buggy formula further when they introduced the Taki designed Avante in 1988. The car was revolutionary as it featured a number of aluminum and fibre-reinforced plastic parts with a contrast to the plastics its competitors were offering, with its stiffness and near-infinite adjustability.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1976—1992: The Golden Era
It was the first car to have its mid-motor mounted parallel to the centre drive shaft Designed to compete in its only race it was designed to do the 1988 JMRCA All-Japan Off-Road 4WD Championship where it finished 7th by Yoshiaki Sugiyama, this meant it became unsuited to other tracks as the aluminum parts were too soft and broke regularly, the front suspension bottomed out with alarming regularity and the handling was below par to other cars.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1976—1992: The Golden Era
As 1987 being regarded as its peak year, many manufacturers who specialized in toys like Nikko and Yonezawa joined in the market with ready to run (RTR) and inexpensively made cars marketed as toys. Another large toy manufacturer, Tomy in contrast made a short-lived attempt to break into the competitive hobbyist market by creating its own "special hobby division"; its result was the Intruder.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1976—1992: The Golden Era
Yokomo introduced the YZ-870C "Super Dog Fighter" (known in the US as the C4). The car was designed to be easily worked on such as the drive belt which can be removed in minutes, as opposed to half-an-hour on competitor's cars. It enjoyed successes on the racetracks, notably the 1989 IFMAR 4WD Worlds.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1976—1992: The Golden Era
2WD cars had begun to regain popularity by 1989 with manufacturers bringing a car of its own such as Tamiya's Astute and Schumacher's Top Cat.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1990s—2000s: Decline
By the end of the 1980s, the buggy class single-handedly turned the radio-controlled car market into a multimillion-dollar business but in 1990, Tamiya, a market leader in off-road cars; shifted their attention toward on-road cars when in 1991, they adapted their Manta Ray's DF-01 chassis to a Nissan Skyline GT-R NISMO bodyshell. The chassis, renamed as TA-01, had short suspension arms and realistic narrower wheels to maintain a realistic appearance they were aiming for. They thus invented the touring car class.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1990s—2000s: Decline
In North America and Japan, the off-road buggies faced stiff competition against the touring cars as its increasing popularity in the 1990s led to an increase of meetings taking place on parking lots. Also, the 1990s saw an emergence of the stadium trucks that shared the same platform and suspension components as the buggies. They were popular to such extent that by the early 2000s, they (both nitro and electric) overtook buggies in terms of popularity despite being offered mainly in 2WDs.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1990s—2000s: Decline
An article in the July 1990 issue of RCCA by Steve Pond claimed whilst expensive to the entry-level market, the 1:8 off-road buggies, then primarily popular in Europe and Japan; viewed at the time by enthusiasts as expensive and problematic to operate and maintain, was less expensive to a 1:10 buggy for the top end racer; costing at US$1,359 (equivalent to $2,692 in 2020) to US$1,965 (equivalent to $3,892 in 2020) for a complete kit including radio and power source.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1990s—2000s: Decline
Kyosho, who was best known for their 1:10 off-road cars, at then led a marketing initiate to promote the class with the Yuichi Kanai (Kogawa's successor in the 1:8 off-road project) designed Turbo Burns. Throughout the decade, Kyosho became the class leader with Kanai's Inferno series taking its record six consecutive IFMAR wins. In the April 1993 issue of RCCA, the magazine received numerous mails from enthusiasts all over the world on how they became converted to the class with many hobby brands swiftly cashing in on its newfound popularity. It was claimed in its April 1994 issue that "every major R/C manufacturer now has a gas-powered R/C vehicle in their lineup".


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1990s—2000s: Decline
At the time of the competing class' rising popularity, the buggy market had begun to reach saturation point as many companies continued to enter into the market with the emphasis on recreation driving to competitive racing with a number of tracks closed down throughout North America and the last Reedy International Race of Champions took place in 2000.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1990s—2000s: Decline
Like every other physical hobbies, the increasing popularity in video games was seen as one of the main cause, as well that the market was flooded with unremarkable designs in contrast to the innovations of the 1980s as the market became emphasized on streamlined cars to feed the market for racers.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1990s—2000s: Decline
Aside the number of toy manufacturers who tried to cash in on the boom years, many companies abandoned the market such as Marui and Hirobo, closed down (Aoyagi) or if they didn't, they later experienced buyouts such as Team Losi, who had been by 1999, being half-owned by Team Trinity's Ernest Provetti; was sold to Horizon Hobby in 2001 and Team Associated to its Taiwanese manufacturing partner, Thunder Tiger in 2005. Despite its ownership, Team Losi had enjoyed one of its most dominant eras. that spanned from the 1980s.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 1990s—2000s: Decline
Although drivers experimented with the use of front spoilers, the 1990s saw manufacturer bringing them into production, when Tenth Technology introduced the Predator in early 1994 that was sold with them followed by the Team Losi XXX with its optional High Downforce Wing Kit. Later in the decade saw a migration of indoor venues and high-grip clay tracks which saw an emphasis on aerodynamics which was expected to benefit front spoilers but they were slow to catch on until recently (as in 2015) for 2WD buggies.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 2000s—date: Resurgence
The 1990s saw a culture of collecting vintage Tamiya models as many of them commanded high sums of money, many of these were off-road buggies, the Sand Scorcher and Avante included. To feed to those nostalgic popularity, Tamiya resorted to reissuing their past models joined by many other brands including Kyosho and Team Associated who reissued their past cars such as the Scorpion and RC10.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 2000s—date: Resurgence
When Traxxas launched the Slash in 2008, a Short Course Truck realistically designed to resemble a real pick-up truck intending as a novelty car, it was credited for turning the R/C car market around and led to manufacturers introduced its own race versions.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 2000s—date: Resurgence
The traditional dirt tracks have given way to first blue groove surfaces and then seen the emergence of carpet and artificial turf tracks, mainly from Europe and Asia, as the latter two are considered easy to set up and easier to maintain and thus became a choice surface over dirt, with manufacturers producing parts and cars designed for racing on this type of high-grip surface.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, History, 2000s—date: Resurgence
Brushless motors, and 6 V  nickel–cadmium (Ni-Cd) and the lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) of the early 1980s up until the early 2000s being replaced by nickel–metal hydride (NiMH) and then the 2 Cell (7.4 volt) lipo batteries, the latter became the norm for racing helped to bring the class back to prominence in addition to new car releases.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, Characteristics
The cars are designed for running on dirt and more recently, carpets and artificial turfs; both featuring jumps. The buggies features independent suspension, long-travel shock absorbers, and covered transmission and radio compartment to keep them running in extreme conditions. For a 2WD buggy, the rear tires are spiked for traction, while the front tires are thin, and ribbed for good steering in dirt. On a 4WD buggy, all four tires are identical, spiked tires. They are designed specifically for dirt, and running on pavement wears the spikes down quickly.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, Characteristics
The 2WD class is usually regarded as a beginner class as they carry fewer parts and are inexpensive to buy and run but are slower in comparison to the 4WD class which is stabler but are more direct and aggressive, regardless of its disadvantages, they are popular with drivers of all levels.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, Characteristics
In major championships, races are run to a single 5 minute round with the exception of the championship races, known as the A-main, that is run to three rounds with the two best results that counts.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, Characteristics
The class overall is popular with newcomers that much of the international drivers began their hobbies racing them.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, Characteristics
Despite not being based on any real full-sized cars, the regulation require them to "resemble" a full-sized car found in off-road racing, according to ROAR regulations, they cannot resemble a pickup truck as truck-type vehicles run in separate classes. British Radio Car Association (BRCA) regulations states they have to resemble cars from either rallycross, rallying, trail and desert racing but not those from Formula One or sports car racing.


1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy, Characteristics
Cars are required to run on a maximum of 7.4 V 2S LiPo batteries and tires provided by company chosen to provide tires in the races. 2WD and 4WD cars cannot weigh less than 1,474 and 1,588 grams respectively.


1:12 scale
The 1:12 scale is a traditional scale (ratio) for models and miniatures. In this scale (ratio), one inch on the scale model or miniature is equal to twelve inches on the original object being copied. Depending on the application, this particular scale (ratio) is also called one-inch scale (since 1 inch equals 1 foot).


1:12 scale
The scale is popular for dollhouses, especially those aimed at adult collectors. It is also used for model live steam railroads, and rather rarely, for high-end die-cast model  and radio-controlled cars.


1:12 scale
1:12 scale is also popular for action figures and related toys, especially those based on super-heroes and related concepts (such as Marvel Legends, DC Universe Classics and most recently Mezco Toyz's One:12 series.) It has also been used for at least one related game (Shadowrun Duels).


1:12 scale
The 1:12 scale was also used in Jonathan Swift's 1726 novel Gulliver's Travels. The ratio was used to compare Gulliver to the Lilliputians.


1:144 scale
1:144 scale is a scale used for some scale models such as micro/mini armor. 1:144 means that the dimensions of the model are 1/144 (0.00694) the dimensions of the original life-sized object; this equates to a scale of 1/2 inch per 6 feet of original dimension. For instance, an airplane 30 feet (9.14 m) in length would be a mere 2.5 inches (63.5 mm) long as a 1:144 scale model.


1:144 scale
1:144 scale finished and semi-finished models are becoming a popular trend not only in Asia, but in the West as well. Many European and American collectors are welcoming them for both model military vehicle display and miniature wargaming purposes. It is twice as large as traditional micro armor / mini armor of the 1:285 (~6 mm (0.236 in) figure) and 1:300 (~5 mm (0.197 in) figure) scale yet practically just as useful.


1:144 scale
1:144 (~12 mm (0.472 in) figure) scale modeling and miniatures are considered closely related to N scale (1:148-1:160 scale) (~10 mm (0.394 in) figure) and many pieces from both scales can be used interchangeably.


1:144 scale, Dollhouses and miniatures
In the construction and use of dollhouses, 1:144 scale represents the scale that a 1:12 scale dollhouse would have in a 1:12 scale dollhouse. This is often called Dolls' dollhouse or Dollhouse's dollhouse.


1:144 scale, Dollhouses and miniatures
At this scale, a typical house is about 50 mm (1.969 in) across. Making internal parts for such a house is a difficult task for the home hobbyist. Commercial manufacturers often use laser cutting technology to ensure clean lines.


1:144 scale, Die-cast models
1:144 is a popular scale for die-cast model airplanes. This scale is usually for large aircraft such as airliners and bombers.


1:144 scale, Die-cast models
Racing Champions also made many lines of micro cars and trucks during the late 1990s. These models included NASCAR stock cars, NHRA funny cars and top fuel rail dragsters, classic automobiles, sought-after muscle cars, and even semi trucks. Although these Ertl-manufactured models are described as 1:144 scale; they are actually 1.5 in (38.1 mm) replicas.


1:144 scale, Action figures
1:144 scale is also the primary scale of High Grade and Real Grade Gundam model-kits and toys.


1:144 scale, Plastic military models
There are also a growing number of 1:144 military models. The scale (compatible with the N scale of railroad modeling) gained popularity in Japan. The available products include pre-painted and assembled World War II / modern armour such as Doyusha's CanDo line and Subarudo's World Tank Museum line, and pre-painted, semi-assembled World War II aircraft. Military miniature companies like  Pendraken, Pithead Miniatures, Game Figures Inc. and Magister Militum produce a wide variety of artillery pieces, tanks, infantry vehicles and support weapons in this scale. 1:144 offers wargamers the satisfaction of much greater detail than "micro armour" (which comes in 1:285 and 1:300 scales and of which 1:144 scale is approximately and conveniently twice as large) with the models remaining small enough to fight entire battles on a simple dinner table.


1:144 scale, Plastic military models
So far the games meant specifically for 1:144 scale are Heavy_Gear (Dream Pod 9 (1994)) and World Tank Campaigns (Takara Tomy (2009)).


1:144 scale, Plastic military models, Manufacturers of 1:144 Scale Micro Armor
Companies that produce 1:144 scale miniature tanks / micro armor sets include the following:


1:144 scale, Model warship combat models
The majority of model warships built for model warship combat are constructed from scratch or partial kits in 1/144 scale although some exist in other scales.


1:144 scale, Styrene kits
1:144 scale has become a very popular scale for airliners and other large aircraft, however, there is a large number of other aircraft kits that are produced. The large size of airliners makes this scale ideal for modeling. To use a larger scale would not only be expensive but difficult to manufacture and their size alone would prohibitively limit the market of said kits.


1:144 scale, Styrene kits
Several companies use this scale as well for historical spacecraft such as the Vostok 1, Saturn 1B, and Saturn V (Airfix) and the Space Shuttle (Revell). 1:144 scale is also seeing an increase in popularity in the use of model warships, particularly submarines, though other vessels are available. Aircraft, traditionally have been the primary source of kits, Trumpeter, Revell of Germany, Dragon, Sweet, Platz, Micro Ace (former Arii) and Minicraft are frequent contributors to this growing niche. There is also an ever increasingly number of resin kits in this scale.


1:18 scale
1:18 scale is a traditional scale (ratio) for models and miniatures, in which 18 units (such as inches or centimeters) on the original is represented by one unit on the model. Depending on application, the scale is also called two third inch scale since 1 foot is represented by 2/3 of an inch.


1:18 scale
The scale is used for 1:18 scale diecast automobile models, military vehicles, armor, and aircraft. 1:18 scale is also commonly used for dollhouses intended for children to play with. The G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero line of figures are in 1:18 scale, although the figures are often more compatible with 1:16 & 1:18 military vehicles rather than 1:18 cars.


1:18 scale
Attractions of the 1:18 scale include its size and its corresponding level of detail. Many 1:18 scale automobiles are over 11 inches long, while 1:18 aircraft may reach over 3 feet in length. 1:18 models often include many intricate details and moving parts not commonly found on models in smaller scales. 1:18 model cars are available as kits, where the enthusiast builds the model from start to finish. Other 1:18 subjects are sold in completed or near-completed state, requiring only minor assembly.


1:18 scale diecast
1:18 scale diecast replicas are 1/18th the size of the real vehicle. Most popular in this category are 1:18 scale automobile replicas – usually made out of Zamak zinc diecasting alloy with plastic parts. "1:18 scale" is the colloquial reference to this class of toy or replica.


1:18 scale diecast, Description
Virtually all 1:18 scale models produced in recent years have opening doors, hoods, and trunks along with functional steering wheels which turn the front wheels. Tires are often mounted on workable 'springy' suspension systems. Normally the hood / bonnet lifts to reveal a detailed and accurate engine bay (whether this is a separate cast piece or simply a portion of the cast and painted body located between the fenders).


1:18 scale diecast, Description
Higher end models are equipped with genuine leather interiors, accurate engine detail, operational sunroofs, movable windshield wipers, adjustable seats, operational gear levers and other realistic accessories. Most models are approximately 11 inches (280 mm) long by 5 inches (130 mm) wide by 4 inches (100 mm) tall, depending on what vehicle is being represented. Such detail is common to 1:18 scales and larger. Typically, and according to local law, companies that produce model cars will have licensing arrangements with real car manufacturers to make replicas of their cars, both in current production or of discontinued models.


1:18 scale diecast, History
How 1:18 scale became a standard in diecast, especially during the 1990s, is somewhat of a question, but some of the first 1:18 scale cars appeared made in tin in the United States and Japan after World War II. These, however, were not precise in detail or proportion, but became popular in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Before World War II, some vehicle appeared in this size. Also rather by chance, other manufacturers, like Marx in the 1960s and 1970s simply made 1:18 scale large plastic toys. Plastic models in the United States, though, normally were produced in 1:25 scale.


1:18 scale diecast, History
The first zinc alloy metal cars in this scale (and also 1:24 scale) from European Manufacturers appeared around 1970, made by the likes of German Schuco Modell, Polistil, and Gama Toys. Pocher, the Italian kit maker, even manufactured kits in a large 1:8 scale. A review of models by Consumer Reports in 1979 discussed American plastic and European diecast metal models in 1:25 and 1:24 scales, but did not once mention 1:18 scale, showing that it had not yet come into marketing popularity (Consumer Reports 1979).


1:18 scale diecast, History
European model makers like Schuco (which was later revived), Gama and Marklin went defunct and the market for 1:18 scale grew steadily during the mid-1980s, mainly with the likes of Bburago, Polistil (both Italian companies mass-manufacturing models in Italy) and then, later, the Asian Maisto which, arguably became the principle manufacturer of this scale worldwide.


1:18 scale diecast, History
Throughout the 1990s, the number of different models in this scale increased exponentially as Chinese production cut manufacturing costs. Models could be sold for anywhere from $10.00 to $25.00 in the United States. By about 2000, it appeared that 1:18 scale had dominated other scales in marketing (except the diminutive and ever popular Hot Wheels) – as nearly whole rows in Toys-R-Us could be seen packed with this scale of model. At this time, many new companies flooded the 1:18 scale market.


1:18 scale diecast, History
Ertl and Revell sold a limited number of diecast cars – mostly older American models (although Revell Germany made a number of diecast German and American models). Ertl's main 1:18 scale line was called "American Muscle". Other manufacturers included Anson, Yat Ming, Sun Star, MIRA, and UT Models. Often, cars featured in collectible car magazines (such as Collectible Automobile) were soon the subjects of 1:18 diecast articles.


1:18 scale diecast, History
During the early 2000s, the quality and accuracy of models improved dramatically, but price went up and they were sold in more upscale stores, dealerships, and through on-line mail order. Around 2005, "premium" manufacturers including Automodelli, Highway 61, GMP, AUTOart, and Lane Exact Detail began to offer very high-quality, highly detailed models at higher prices. Today (2017), a trickle-down effect can be seen where many features now found in mainstream, low-priced diecasts were only found before in models costing upwards of $100.00. Engine wiring and plumbing, carpeting in the interior or trunk, detailed instrument panels, seatbelts, and photo-etched details are now common even in models costing under $50.00.


1:18 scale diecast, History
Models are found from a number of retail merchants, such as Wal-Mart and KB Toys (in the United States), and a number of Antique Malls and Centers offer models ranging from $20.00. Many, of course, are available through eBay, etsy or other bidding and diecast sales websites. This size remains popular with collectors. With the popularity of eBay and other hobby Web sites, fewer models of this size seem to be found in physical stores.


1:200 scale
The 1:200 scale is a modeling scale used in the model building hobby. A vehicle or building made in the 1:200 scale, fits 200 times inside its real-life counterpart (in one dimension; it would fit 8 million times if packed three-dimensionally, and would weigh 8 million times less).


1:200 scale
A large percentage of models produced in this scale are aircraft models. Companies such as Hasegawa distribute 1:200 scale-sized airliners and military aircraft. Flight Miniatures also produces many airliner and military aircraft models in the scale, both die cast and plastic ones.


1:200 scale
In the world of model aircraft - the 1:200 scale is very popular for a range of military aircraft models, in particular - large aircraft such as bombers, cargo and transporters. This makes for a very reasonably sized model - not too big, but also big enough to include great quality to the model.


1:200 scale
A bit less popular, but comparable in size, is the 1:250 scale.


1:24 scale
1:24 scale is a size for automobile models such as injection-molded plastic model kits or metal die-cast toys, which are built and collected by both children and adults. 1:24 means that a unit of measurement, such as one inch or one centimeter, on the model represents 24 units on the actual object. An example would be one inch of length on a model automobile would represent 24 inches on the real vehicle. Primarily automobile models are made in this scale, with a few examples of tractor trailers and other larger equipment. In the United States there is a very minor variation of the 1:24 scale, where many automobile plastic model kits are scaled at 1:25.


1:24 scale
1:24 is the largest of the traditional slot car sizes - and the earliest. Lionel's (USA) 1:24 electric autos of 1912-1916 became the first known commercial slot cars. In 1955, the Model Automobile Racing Association of Kalamazoo, Michigan, built the first track for electric rail-racing (the short-lived immediate predecessor to slot racing) in the US. Unlike the seminal Southport (UK) track that inspired it, the MARA table was designed for 1:24 as well as 1:32 competition. With that beginning, the US adopted 1:24 as the primary scale for serious competition during the heyday of slot car racing in the 1960s, while Britain and Europe favored 1:32, and have continued to do so.


1:24 scale
1:24 scale is very close to the scale (1:22.5) used for European G scale narrow-gauge model trains, so 1:24 models are often used on model train layouts. Doll houses and furniture are also found in 1:24 scale. An average adult male human figure stands just under 3 inches (76 mm) tall.


1:24 scale
The British plastic model kit company Airfix have produced a number of  1:24 scale aircraft in its 'Super Kit' range, including the Supermarine Spitfire, Messerschmitt Bf 109 - both initially with the option of motorised propellers, Junkers Ju 87 Stuka, Hawker Siddeley Harrier, and Focke-Wulf Fw 190. The latest to be released are the de Havilland Mosquito and the Hawker Typhoon. An earlier release was a 1:24 scale model of the Wallis WA-116 "Little Nellie" autogyro as portrayed in the 1967 James Bond film, You Only Live Twice.


1:285 scale
1:285 scale or 6 mm figure size is a US Army scale introduced in the late 1960s, and used for wargames and some scale model dioramas. It is used in miniature wargaming to depict large battles in a relatively small gaming area. 1:300 scale (5 mm scale) is an almost identical NATO standard scale.


1:285 scale
Both figure scales are based on the 1 mm = 1 ft calculation that reduces the average 1.72 m height of a Caucasian male to a 5.7 mm tall figure. "6 mm" is therefore used as a rounded-up reference to the scale.


1:285 scale
In 1:285 scale, a typical 20 mm base can mount approximately 3-5 infantry figures; or three strips of four figures in rank-and-file formation.


1:285 scale
1:285/1:300 is a popular scale for micro armour games, while modern games emphasizing tanks and other vehicles have been catered to by specialist figure manufacturers such as GHQ, Heroics and Ros and Baccus Miniatures. Sci-fi and fantasy games that use these scales include Battletech, Ogre miniatures and Epic. Other genres, such as historical periods (ancient, medieval and later periods) and medieval fantasy have miniatures made by Heroics and Ros, Baccus Miniatures and Irregular Miniatures. There are many sites of landscape creations and miniatures


1:30 am
1:30 am is a 2012 Bengali language Indian independent film written and directed by Sourav De.


1:30 am, Plot
Nishi (Ena Saha) is a girl in her late teens being torn apart by a split personality. Her make-belief world is seemingly happy and normal, with darkness and void hitting her in swings. The mysteries of her alter existence guide her through the state of caged delusion, relieving her from pain. Torn from within, Nishi commits heinous acts, while remaining oblivious to it.


1:30 am, Plot
Through the silent phases of Nishi's life, the invisible power becomes overwhelming, eventually reaching a mysterious crossroad between her existence and non-existence.


1:30 am, Production
1:30 am was shot entirely on Canon EOS 5D Mark II (full HD 1080p) format. It was shot in a single location, precisely, in an apartment only. It received positive reviews from the audience at its premier, at Nandan in Kolkata on 2 August 2013. Due to popular demand, it was shown on two extra occasions. The film also received positive feedback in print and television media.


1:30 am, Production
The film also screened at the Roxbury International Film Festival held in Boston in June 2012, and the South Asian Film Festival held in Goa in October 2012.


1:32 scale
1:32 scale is a traditional scale for models and miniatures, in which one unit (such as an inch or a centimeter) on the model represents 32 units on the actual object. It is also known as "three-eighths scale", since 3⁄8 inch represents a foot. A 6 ft (183 cm) tall person is modeled as 2+1⁄4 in (57 mm) tall in 1:32 scale.


1:32 scale
1:32 was once so common a scale for toy trains, autos, and soldiers that it was known as "standard size" in the industry (not to be confused with Lionel's "Standard Gauge"). 1:32 is the scale for Gauge 1 toy and model trains. It was the scale of some of the earliest plastic model car kits. It is a common scale for aircraft models and for figure modeling, where it is called 54 mm scale, from the height of the human figure. 1:32 was used for equipment to match 54 mm toy soldiers for miniature wargaming and was common in scale military modeling such as tanks and armored cars until it was largely replaced by 1:35 scale.


1:32 scale
1:32 is now considered to be the 'Normal' scale for agricultural models such as Britains or Siku


1:32 scale
1:32 scale is also the preferred scale for modeling aircraft as this “large scale” benefits the builder with the opportunity to better detail his kit or scratch built aircraft project.


1:32 scale
1:32 aircraft models also have their own contest category in modeling competitions as per IPMS rules, and 1:32 scale category is considered the top tier in aircraft modeling contest categories.


1:32 scale
1:32 is a useful scale for scratch modelling or railways. As well as standard gauge gauge 1 using 45 mm / 1.772 in track, narrow gauge modellers use 0 gauge (32 mm / 1.26 in) track for 42", 1m and 36" prototype gauges. Also H0/00 track at 16.5mm is used to represent models of 20 in / 508 mm gauge railways.


1:32 scale
Today, 1:32 is associated with slot car scale. A standard for tabletop rail-racing in the mid-1950s, it was adopted by the original slot car manufacturers, Victory Industries and Scalextric. Fewer 1:32 car model kits are manufactured today, making scratch building slot cars quite a bit more difficult than it used to be.


1:35 scale
1:35 scale is the most popular scale for model military vehicles, with an extensive lineup of models and aftermarket parts available from a wide variety of manufacturers.


1:35 scale
The roots of 1:35 as a military modelling scale lie in early motorized plastic tank kits. To accommodate electric motors and gearboxes, these models needed to be made in a larger scale. There were many companies making such tanks, but it was Tamiya's example that made 1:35 a de facto standard.


1:35 scale
Company chairman Shunsaku Tamiya explains the origins of the scale in his book Master Modeler:


1:35 scale
After the success of the Panther, I thought it would be a good idea for us to produce other tanks from different countries in the same scale. I measured the Panther and it turned out to be about 1/35 of the size of the original. This size had been chosen simply because it would accommodate a couple of B-type batteries. Tamiya's 1/35 series tanks eventually got to be known around the world, but this is the slightly haphazard origin of their rather awkward scale.


1:35 scale
Early kits in the scale, built around bulky motorization components, often sacrificed scale appearance and detail, but their large size and potential for intricate superdetailing appealed to hobbyists.


1:35 scale
Over the years, kits have become more and more detailed and accurate, and nowadays there is a whole industry in 1:35 dedicated to offering aftermarket detail parts for kits. After a new kit is released, companies like Aber and Eduard usually make detail sets available for it, allowing modellers to replace kit parts with more accurate photoetched alternatives.


1:35 scale
In terms of model range, 1:35 is typically limited to military land vehicles and figures. Some helicopter kits also exist in the scale, whereas large airplane kits are more commonly done in 1:32 scale. In recent years, there have been some aeroplane releases in 1:35 as well, typically of vehicles operating in close contact with ground forces, such as the Fieseler Storch liaison aircraft or the Horsa glider. The figures are usually designed to go with the AFV's though, and are largely based around World War II. World War I figures are unusual and pre-1914 figures are very rare indeed.


1:350 scale
1:350 scale is a popular scale used by model ship kit manufacturers such as Tamiya, Hasegawa, Aoshima, Fujimi, Trumpeter and Revell.


1:350 scale, History
The true instigator of the 1:350 scale ship series was the British kit company Frog (models), which was started in 1932 by Joe Mansour and brothers Charles and John Wilmot. The first four years FROG focused on flying scale models, but in December 1936 they released the first three all-plastic kits, in a range called Penguin. The range consisted of both civil and military aircraft and ground accessories, all to a standard 1:72 scale, and were all designed by John Wilmot.


1:350 scale, History
In 1940 however two 1:350 kits were planned: the Javelin and Tribal Destroyer - initially designed to be fitted with an all plastic hull and electric motor. However - around this period all or most companies changed to wartime production, and so did Lines Bros, the toyfactory to which FROG (or IMA) belonged. So both kits were postponed, and eventually issued in December 1945. Some changes were made to the kit due to shortage of plastic: both Destroyers ended up as waterline models with a wooden hull unto which a plastic upperstructure was (factory) glued. Two transfers with printed hull sides were added.


1:350 scale, History
It took no less than 21 years before this scale was discovered by other companies as an ideal scale for a model kit to represent a (full size) ship. First to follow suit was by Imai Kagaku with the release of tall ships from Operation Sail (1976) in 1977. Tamiya came next with a production of the German battleship Bismarck in 1978. Tamiya only released a limited number of ship kits in this series which included kits for the Japanese battleship Yamato, HMS King George V (41), USS Missouri (BB-63) and USS Enterprise (CVN-65).


1:350 scale, History
In the 1990s, the Hong Kong company Dragon Models released several modern US naval ships and submarines in 1:350 scale, such as the Spruance class destroyer which was released in 1990. Chinese company Trumpeter released several ships from the modern Chinese navy in the early 2000s.


1:350 scale, History
The market for 1:350 scale ship model kits expanded further after Hasegawa released a newly tooled kit of the Japanese battleship Mikasa in 2005, which featured modern molding and greater detail. Other Japanese companies including Aoshima, Fujimi, Pit-Road and Fine Molds have followed suit to produce a number of Japanese World War II ships. Tamiya have also revived their 1:350 ship series, beginning with an all new tooling of the Japanese battleship Yamato in November 2011. The kit can be built as a full-hull or waterline model.


1:350 scale, History
Companies from outside Japan such as Revell and Airfix have begun to produce various 1:350 scale ships as well. Trumpeter have released a large series of models in this scale since the late 2000s including a range of German and Allied World War 2 vessels, modern US Navy, Royal Navy and JMSDF vessels.


1:350 scale, Reception
The scale is becoming universally popular and is now considered as a 'standard scale' for ship modelling. Its popularity is primarily because the scale is large enough to show a substantial level of detailing, whilst remaining small enough to be displayed sensibly.


1:42.08
1:42.08 (alternatively known as 1:42.08: A Man and His Car or 1:42.08: To Qualify) is George Lucas's senior project at the University of Southern California in 1966. It was named for the lap time of the Lotus 23 race car that was the subject of the film.


1:42.08
It is a non-story visual tone poem depicting the imagery of a car going at full speed, and featuring the car's engine as the primary sound element. Shot on 16mm color film with a 14-man student crew, it was filmed at Willow Springs Raceway, north of Los Angeles, California. The Lotus 23 was driven by Pete Brock.


1:42.08
Lucas cited the influence of Jean-Claude Labrecque's 1965 short documentary on a cycling competition, 60 Cycles, on 1:42.08.


1:43 (band)
1:43 (pronounced as "one forty-three") is a Filipino pop boy band based in the Philippines. They are signed with MCA Records.


1:43 (band)
Their debut album titled Time for Love under MCA Records was released on April 27, 2011. In its first week, the album was named as the No. 2 best selling OPM album by Odyssey Records and Videos and No. 5 in the overall ranking (including foreign artists).


1:43 (band), History, Online debut: 2010
1:43 debuted on YouTube on November 7, 2010 with their first digital single, "Merry Christmas Na". It was released as a promotional single which made them controversial and at the same time, instant YouTube celebrities.


1:43 (band), History, Online debut: 2010
In 2010, 1:43 was originally composed of  Anjo Resurreccion, Gold Aquino, Kim Nicolas, and Yuki Sakamoto.


1:43 (band), History, Online debut: 2010
The 2nd and former line-up includes actor and model Art Artienda, Filipino-Chinese ramp, print, and commercial model Ced Miranda, Filipino-American singer and dancer Jason Allen, and Filipino-Canadian dancer and host Wayne Avellano.


1:43 (band), History, First album: 2011
1:43 released their first mini-album titled Time for Love on April 27, 2011. It features trivia about and exclusive photos of its members, and a collection of feel-good original Pinoy pop songs, including their minus one versions. It was declared by Odyssey Record Bar as the second bestselling OPM album of the week. It has also landed a few times in the top 10 bestselling OPM album chart of record store Astrovision and Astroplus in 2011.


1:43 (band), History, First album: 2011
Time for Love is a mini-album that contains a refreshing mix of five original and distinctly Filipino pop songs, plus their respective minus one tracks. The slambum aspires to define the sound of today's OPM pop genre, as it brings together critically acclaimed producer and arranger Jonathan Ong of SonicState Studio and brilliant singer-composer and vocal arranger Myrus in an impressive creative synergy.


1:43 (band), History, First album: 2011
The opening track and single "PiNK (Pag-Ibig Na Kaya?)" is a collaboration track with Myrus.


1:43 (band), History, First album: 2011
The group became a part of Tunog Natin: Songs from Home, a compilation album with 16 OPM artists including Pepe Smith, APO Hiking Society's Jim Paredes, Myrus, Princess Velasco, Gloc-9, Tanya Markova, Arnee Hidalgo, Letter Day Story, Kiss Jane, Mcoy Fundales, Barbie Almalbis, Tricia Garcia, Faith Cuneta, Sheng Belmonte and True Faith.


1:43 (band), History, First album: 2011
1:43 released their second album on Mymusicstore.com.ph on September 17, 2012 and the physical album on September 25, 2012 under MCA Music. It was titled Sa Isang Sulyap Mo after their hit song and viral music video. The music video was part of the Mang Inasal Mang Aawit music advocacy program.


1:43 (band), History, First album: 2011
The album's carrier single "Sa Isang Sulyap" became a radio hit with listeners, especially among teens.


1:43 (band), History, First album: 2011
There are now over 100,000 videos posted on YouTube using "Sa Isang Sulyap"—all in all, these videos have been viewed more than 400 million times. It is also one of the most downloaded songs today by mobile phone users.


1:43 (band), History, First album: 2011
Sa Isang Sulyap Mo includes all-original tracks co-written by Myrus and the group's manager Chris Cahilig and arranged by Jonathan Ong of SonicState Studio.


1:43 (band), History, First album: 2011
"Sa Isang Sulyap" went on to become the official soundtrack of Pinoy Big Brother Teen Edition 4. It has been played in popular TV shows like ASAP 2012, Party Pilipinas, Gandang Gabi Vice, The Buzz, Walang Tulugan and KrisTV, among others.


1:43 (band), History, 2012–2013: Sa Isang Sulyap Mo, rise to fame and line-up changes
Their single "Sa Isang Sulyap Mo" became popular after being featured in the 2012 reality show, Pinoy Big Brother: Teen Edition 4. The group has since guested in many shows namely Kris TV. Because of this, the song has been revived by many artists including Bryan Termulo for the OST soundtrack of the drama, Juan dela Cruz in 2013.


1:43 (band), History, 2012–2013: Sa Isang Sulyap Mo, rise to fame and line-up changes
On August 4, 2012, it was announced that 18-year-old Kent Malunda would be joining the group and was already in the studio to record his vocals for the group's second album. Then on August 7, it was revealed that member Kim Nicholas would be leaving the group and that Malunda was brought in to take his place. A statement on the group's official Facebook page revealed that Nicholas wanted to pursue a career in photography. The band went on to release their debut album, Sa Isang Sulyap Mo, on October 7, 2012.


1:43 (band), History, 2012–2013: Sa Isang Sulyap Mo, rise to fame and line-up changes
On February 26, 2013, it was announced that new member Ronald Golding Jr, had replaced Malunda due unknown circumstances. The group went on to have a cameo appearance on Juan dela Cruz on its March 4 episode. They also competed in the noontime variety show, It's Showtime in the Bida Kapamilya: Celebrity Round talent segment on March 11. They went on to release their single, "Ikaw at Ako", on July 4. It premiered on 95.5 Pinas FM. This was the first single to feature member Ronald.


1:43 (band), History, 2014: Kalye Pop, new line up
On January 15, 2014, the group released their single "Hayop Sa Ganda". The song became "The Most Wanted Song of the Week" on the radio station 97.1 Barangay LS and landed on the station's weekly chart "The Big Ten". The music video for the song premiered on January 28 and featured Miss International Queen 2012 winner Kevin Balot. On March 26, the group announced that their third studio album would be titled "#KalyePop" (Kpop) which was released on April 29. Its lead single, titled "Ang Saya-Saya", was used as the theme song for GMA-7's comedy TV series Ismol Family.


1:43 (band), History, 2014: Kalye Pop, new line up
On January 9, 2015, it was announced that Yheen Valero would be joining the band. While there was no formal announcement regarding Golding's departure from the group, he later tweeted on February 9 about pursuing a career as a pilot. On the same month, the group released their single, titled "Tara Na", the first material to feature Valero. The official music video premiered on February 14.


1:43 (band), History, 2014: Kalye Pop, new line up
In May 2017, the management of 1:43 announced on the group's official Facebook account its new line up composed of Filipino-Chinese model Agassi Ching, emerging actor and singer Art Artienda, Filipino-American model and dancer Jason Allen, and Filipino-Canadian dancer and model Wayne Avellano. For undisclosed reason, Ching was replaced by Filipino-Chinese model Ced Miranda. The new group released on September 1, 2017 their comeback single "Trapik Tralala," a cover of an APO Hiking Society song composed by Jim Paredes. They released their second comeback single titled "Pasensya Na" composed by Jayson Dedal on December 8, 2017.


1:43 (band), History, 2014: Kalye Pop, new line up
On August 16, there was speculations that the original line up members of the band will have their reunion in the future. This rumors was started when a film and music production and content creation company Insight 360 posted on YouTube some highlight success hits of the original members from 2010 to 2016 and left a comment below and asked some fans with the question "who wants a comeback from the original line up?"


1:43 scale
1:43 scale is a popular size of die-cast model cars in Europe, Asia and the US. It has its origins in the British / European O scale for model trains and the rise of certain accessories made for that scale which since have become popular in their own right.


1:43 scale, Variations in the scale
There are many manufacturers in 1:43 scale producing everything from customized and accurate race cars to emergency vehicles, family sedans and SUVs. Trucks and tractor trailers can also be found in this scale, but they are comparatively larger and 1:50 or 1:64 scales are more common for these types of vehicles.


1:43 scale, Variations in the scale
Related train scales are 1:42, 1:48 scale (American O scale), and also 1:45 scale (NEM European 0 scale), which is only slightly larger than 1:50 scale. Items in all these scales are similar enough in size that they are commonly used together in O layouts.


1:43 scale, European history
The first model car made exactly to 1:43 scale seems to be French Dinky Toys No. 24R Peugeot 203, released in 1951, but many diecast iron or plaster toys in the 1920s and 1930s were also made about the same size, though not as precision 'blueprint' reproductions. As a representative example, a Volkswagen Beetle in 1:43 scale measures about 3.5 inches (90 millimeter) in length. Larger cars might measure 4 to 4.5 inches (100 to 115 millimeter) if reproduced to 1:43 scale.


1:43 scale, European history
Countries to first produce this scale were mainly France and the United Kingdom, but Germany and Italy were also homes for the common producers. From the 1950s through the 1980s, 1:43 was primarily used in European toy offerings such as Corgi Toys, Dinky Toys, Schuco, Tekno, Solido, Mercury, Polistil, and Mebetoys.


1:43 scale, European history
Metosul of Portugal in the mid-1960s was one of the first diecast toy companies to use tooling (or at least precisely similar designs) from a larger, more well known company - Dinky in this case. This was the beginning of a trend that would spread across southern Europe to other manufacturers like the wonderfully done Spanish Pilen (dies from many manufacturers) or the less successful Turkish Meboto Otomobil (tooling from Italian Ediltoys). Some traditional tooling was also shipped to Mexico (Politoys), Brazil (Solido), or Argentina (Mattel Hot Wheels) by the late 1970s. Venezuelan Juguinsa even used third tier dies with Spanish Pilen borrowings (French Dinky and others had created them previously).


1:43 scale, European history
Later, many other manufacturers ranging from Portugal all the way through the former Soviet Union also entered the 1:43 fray. Minichamps from Germany and Trofeu and Vitesse from Portugal began to produce 1:43 diecast from the early 1990s, along with several other brands, shortly before most diecast production moved to China and other countries of Southeast Asia.


1:43 scale, European history
1:43 scale electric slot cars are also on the market, though these are a relatively recent development compared with the established slot car scales of 1:24, 1:32, and traditional HO or 'Matchbox' sizes (1:87 and 1:64). 1:43 scale has little organized racing competition of the kind that is common in the larger scales, and currently 1:43 is largely used for toy or starter sets.


1:43 scale, Collectibles
This scale is still popular, with many models now being made in China, but as time has passed, many new scales for diecast cars, both smaller (1:87, 1:64, and somewhere around 1:55), and larger (1:24, 1:18, and 1:12) have also competed, often more successfully in the toy and diecast market.


1:43 scale, Collectibles
Originally meant as toys and accessories for rail layouts, more specialized and expensive limited edition handbuilt collectibles made in white metal or resin produced in more limited numbers have become available. This has occurred as more and more adults have entered the collector market, starting perhaps in the late 1970s, but coming on strong since, say, 1990. Such companies are Brooklin Models, Western Models, or Conquest / Madison, but many brands are available, usually manufactured in lower quantities in white metal. Some collectible diecast companies have also appeared that usually make their models in greater quantities in China, like Trax Models or Spark. For examples of such collectible editions and companies, see any of Randall Olson's books on GM or Ford products in miniature.


1:48 scale
1:48 scale is a scale commonly used in diecast models, plastic models made from kits, and construction toys. It is especially popular with manufacturers of model aircraft and model trains, where it is known as "O scale". 1:48 is also a popular scale among Lego enthusiasts, since it is approximately the scale of the Lego minifigure


1:48 scale
At this scale, 1/4 inch represents 1 foot. It is similar in size to 1:50 scale and 1:43 scale, which are popular for diecast vehicles.


1:48 scale
In 2003, Tamiya began to manufacture a line of military ground vehicle models in 1:48 in addition to their more traditional 1:35 scale line. This has been seen as an attempt to break into a new market since the stiff competition in the larger scale.


1:48 scale
Bandai also produces giant robots in this size, called Mega Size.


1:50 scale
1:50 scale is a popular size for diecast models from European manufacturers such as Conrad, Tekno, NZG, WSI and LionToys. Typically they produce scale models of construction vehicles, tower cranes, trucks and buses. These are often the official models distributed by the manufacturers of the real vehicles as a promotional items for prospective customers. These models are also very popular in Europe despite their small size compared to stamped metal construction toys which are usually found in the US.


1:50 scale
This scale is similar to 0 scale used in model trains and 1:50 scale will appear compatible with 1:48 scale models as produced by US manufacturers of 0 scale model trains and some makers of military vehicles (especially aircraft).


1:500 scale
1:500 scale is a scale mainly used by Europeans for pre-finished die-cast airliner models, such as German manufacturer Herpa. This scale is also used by Japanese model kit manufacturer Bandai, Nichimo Company Ltd. and Fujimi Mokei for ship and Sci-Fiction model kits.


1:500 scale, Ship models for the military
During World War II, Comet metal Products of Richmond Hill, NY, South Salem Studios of South Salem, NY and H.A. Framburg and Company of Chicago were the major manufacturers of naval recognition ship models for the US Navy. They were commissioned by United States Navy to make ship models used to instruct sailors and airmen to identify ships from various navies. This "friend or foe" recognition was critical in reducing friendly fire incidents. In addition to 1:1200 scale models, these companies also made models in the 1:500 "Teacher Scale." These ships were wither made of wooden hulls with lead superstructures, or die cast of zinc alloy and painted gray. The 1:500 ships were usually arranged in sets and contained fewer models than the 1:1200 scale sets.


1:500 scale, Plastic model kit (ships)
In the 1960s, Renwal released fourteen 1:500 scale ship models from World War II or postwar United States Navy, and Frog also released six models from Royal Navy. Both makers had failed in the late 1970s, but some makers such as Chematic rereleased ex Frog 1:500 scale ship models until the 2000s.


1:500 scale, Plastic model kit (ships)
In the 1970s, Nichimo released a series of 1:500 plastic scale ship models. The series only comprises a small number of ships, with most of them being ships from World War II Japanese Navy. These models are still under production and widely available in the market. In mid-1970s, Monogram also released models of USS Chicago (CG-11) and USS Columbus in 1:500 scale (actually, 16 in. length box scale). In the late 1990s, Trumpeter released 1:500 scale models of Nimitz class aircraft carrier.


1:500 scale, Plastic model kit (ships)
In November 2009, Fujimi released an all-new tooling model of the Japanese battleship Yamato in 1:500 scale. Fujimi then follows on the series by releasing Japanese battleship Nagato and Design A-150 battleship (a Japanese plan for a class of battleship following the Yamato Class, also known as the Super Yamato class) in the same scale.


1:500 scale, Plastic model kit (ships)
There are also resin kits available in this scale, such as the USS Gambier Bay (CVE-73) by Aki.


1:500 scale, Plastic model kit (building/structure)
Doyusha released a limited number of Japanese castle models in 1/500 scale. These are Himeji Castle, Matsue Castle and Kōchi Castle. They are also available in another version that features gold colour plated parts.


1:500 scale, Plastic model kit (science fiction)
1:500 scale is also used in Sci-Fiction plastic model kit by some model manufacturers. AMT released a futuristic spaceship model in the 1960s. Bandai released a model of the Space Battleship Yamato in the 1980s, and an all-new tooling model of the same ship was released in early 2010. Fine Molds began to release spaceship models designed by well known anime and manga artist Leiji Matsumoto in October 2011.


1:500 scale, Collectables (aircraft)
Herpa launched a Wings series of airplane collection models in the 1:500 scale in 1992. The series also includes model diorama airports and airport accessories.


1:500 scale, Collectables (aircraft)
F-toys also released 1/500 scale pre-painted and mostly pre-assembled plastic "trading kits" on JAL and ANA commercial aircraft.


1:500 scale, Collectables (aircraft)
Other manufacturers like Aeroclassics, Inflight500, etc. also offer 1:500 scale model aircraft.


1:500 scale, Unit conversion
Reality – Scale model0.1 m – 0.2 mm0.2 m – 0.4 mm0.4 m – 0.8 mm0.5 m – 1 mm1 m – 2 mm2 m – 4 mm3 m – 6 mm20 m – 40 mm100 m – 200 mm1 km – 2000 mm2 km – 4000 mm


1:54
1:54 is an annual contemporary African art fair held in London during the October Frieze Week since 2013. It was organized to improve the representation of contemporary African art in worldwide exhibitions, and is the foremost art fair dedicated to contemporary African art in the primary art market. By 2016, the show had become three times the size of the original exhibition with 130 artists represented. A spin-off, pop-up show, 1:54 NY, has been held annually in New York City during the May Frieze New York since 2015. Critics have described 1:54 as a highlight of the Frieze event, and wrote that the show's publicity for contemporary African art outweighs the issues of lumping disparate geographic traditions together. The fair's representation from African galleries has improved as the international market for African art expands.


1:54, History
1:54 is a contemporary African art fair held annually in London, beginning in 2013. As of 2015, 1:54 is the only art fair dedicated to contemporary African art in the primary art market. Its name refers to the 54 countries that compose the African continent, expressed as a ratio ("one continent: 54 countries"). Moroccan curator Touria El Glaoui, daughter of the artist Hassan El Glaoui, organized the fair to improve the representation of contemporary African art in worldwide art exhibitions. Representation of non-Western countries in the contemporary art world has lagged behind that of other countries.


1:54, History
Representation of African countries, in particular, improved alongside the continent's economic growth. El Glaoui said that the continent did not have a single art scene, and that there was great diversity between African nations. Accordingly, as in the fair's title, 1:54 tries to preserve rather than homogenize the differences between each country's histories and cultures. In starting the fair, its founder was supported and advised by the British Council, the Francophonie, and partners ArtReview, Beaux Art magazine, and Art.sy. For each edition, the 1:54 organizers ask themselves "what is necessary, what can be achieved, how [to] do something different". The fair's organizers choose exhibitors based on proposal submissions and the firms' reputation and plans. Travel visa issues have also affected whether invitees ultimately attend.


1:54, History
The fair debuted in October 2013 during Frieze Week, where about 6,000 people visited the fair held in the London Somerset House. David Adjaye's company designed the fair's architectural features. By the next year, held at the same time and venue, the event had doubled in size, with 10,000 visitors and a greater variety of curators from outside African-specific specialties. Over 100 African artists exhibited in 27 galleries, including photographers J. D. 'Okhai Ojeikere, Malick Sidibé, Paul Sika, pop artist Hassan Hajjaj, sound artist Emeka Ogboh, and performance artist Athi-Patra Ruga. Mid -twentieth century photography was in particular prominence. The fair featured a series of lectures and panels, including a set curated by Koyo Kouoh of the Senegalese Raw Material Company, film screenings, and curator discussions on the future of African art. The 2014 event's primary sponsor was the Sindika Dokolo Foundation.


1:54, History
After two years in London, 1:54 held a pop-up show, 1:54 NY, at the Red Hook art venue Pioneer Works during the May 2015 Frieze New York. Kouoh returned to lead a forum on present and future ideas of African diasporic identities and practices, and RA Projects, who had previously worked with 1:54, returned to design the New York exhibit. The show used a standard gallery layout as the open, industrial space was divided into white-walled booths.


1:54, History
Sixteen international galleries participated—most were from American and European countries, apart from five South African galleries and one each from Côte d'Ivoire, Morocco, and Nigeria. Exhibited artists were from African nations and the African diaspora, living in other Western countries. They included William Kentridge, Malick Sidibé, Seydou Keïta, Peter Clarke, Lavar Munroe, Billie Zangewa, and Omar Victor Diop. Particularly due to the New York event's smaller size, 1:54's founder said that they tried to show the most exciting artists and exhibitors rather than show a survey of the 54 countries.


1:54, History
The expansion into New York was a "natural progression" for the fair, based on their existing institutional relationships. It also expanded the fair's scope into American and African American art professionals, and the American art market—the show's foremost focus was bringing new artists to New York patronage. The event was planned in six months. 1:54 held a second New York show in 2016 with 17 galleries, including five based in Africa, and a partnership with the Dakar Biennale. Dartmouth's Hood Museum of Art purchased Eric Van Hove's Testosterone installation. Compared to the London event, 1:54 NY is smaller and designed to be more intimate, with an active community and different audience, although the two shows are not significantly different.


1:54, History
In its third year in London, the 2015 show had 15,000 visitors. The fourth London show in October 2016 was three times the size of the original exhibition, and had expanded from a wing of the Somerset House to the rest of the building and its courtyard, where Zak Ové installed a site-specific work that was purchased for a sculpture park in Berkshire. The 2016 fair featured 130 artists, including the fair's first artists representing Egypt, Ethiopia, and Ghana. Koyo Kouoh's forum series returned to the event as well. Of the 40 exhibitors from 18 countries, 40 percent were from Africa and 17 galleries debuted at the show. The fair's founder viewed these expansions as a sign of progress for the African art market. She hopes to hold future 1:54 fairs in Africa.


1:54, Reception
Okay Africa wrote that by its second year, the fair had become Europe's foremost contemporary African art fair, and Naomi Rea of Artnet News called it a necessary visit during the London Frieze Art Fair. In New York, Ben Davis of Artnet wrote that 1:54 NY was a highlight of the city's art fair week. Critics had typically questioned whether art fairs with narrow geographic scope like 1:54 highlight or ostracize minority artists. A gallery owner from Seattle saw the fair as a route for further integration into larger markets.


1:54, Reception
Artnet's Davis expressed distaste at the art fair trend of lumping artists by their geographic region and generalizing trends based on its parts, but nonetheless considered important 1:54's representation of Africa. Critics initially noted the fair's lack of African gallery representation, but cited justification including the African art scene's nascent state and the continent's history of political instability, which affects both overseas trade and gallery security. At the 2015 New York show, reviewers noted elements including the predominantly white gallery exhibition staff and the marquee display of a popular artist at a fair for marginal artists.


1:54 (film)
1:54 is a 2016 Canadian drama film directed by Yan England. Starring Antoine Olivier Pilon, Lou-Pascal Tremblay and Sophie Nélisse, it also features roles by David Boutin, Patrice Godin, Robert Naylor and Anthony Therrien. The film launched on wider screens on 13 October 2016 tackles the phenomenon of bullying in schools.


1:54 (film), Plot
1:54, a social / psychological drama thriller, tells the story of Tim, a 16-year old timid yet brilliant student (played by Antoine Olivier Pilon), who has been suffering from bullying in school and seemingly non-stopping intimidation and menace for the last 5 years by some of his schoolmates and particularly at the hands of the arch-bully in his school Jeff Roy (played by Lou-Pascal Tremblay). Tim who lives with his father (played by David Boutin) after his mother's early death, cannot confide in his own father despite the latter's efforts to get to the bottom of what is ailing his son.


1:54 (film), Plot
Tim's situation becomes even more precarious in his grade 11 year, because of his continuing friendship with classmate Francis (played by Robert Naylor), a gay youth and Tim's struggles with his own sexuality and his increasing infatuation with Francis, although Tim is reluctant of going public about it. Tim is reluctant to go to the school authorities as he is "no snitch", but finds solace in the friendship of Jennifer (played by Sophie Nélisse), a schoolmate who takes Tim's case to heart. After a dramatic outing of Francis, and Tim's erratic behaviour distancing himself at least publicly from him for the fear of being exposed himself, Francis commits suicide despite Tim's pleas.


1:54 (film), Plot
Viewers gradually learn that Tim used to be a star runner but had stopped a couple of years back when his mother died. Mr. Sullivan (played by Patrice Godin), the coach of the school running team, is pushing hard to have Tim return to racing, and eventually Tim decides to do just that — mainly because he sees it as his opportunity to get even with Jeff.


1:54 (film), Plot
His move to join "Les Coriaces" a sports club for the sole ambition of qualifying for the Nationals for the 800 m running event, the specialty of his tormentor and school star athlete Jeff. This is Tim's way of getting even with Jeff for all the suffering Jeff has caused. The title 1:54 is the time Tim has to make running the 800 m to qualify to the Nationals for the distance.


1:54 (film), Plot
Matters turns to worst as in a weak moment after a school bingeing party, Tim intoxicated with alcohol engages in a casual gay sex encounter while Jeff films the whole incident on his phone. As Tim catches up with Jeff's coveted time of 1:54 in running, Jeff first blackmails Tim with publishing  the footage on social media in case Tim goes on with his scheme of stealing Jeff's position in qualifying.


1:54 (film), Plot
During the final run, a desperate and vindictive Jeff first intimidates Tim and then in a desperate move seeing Tim's insistence in winning the race, instructs his friend to publish the footage online. Tim confronted with his painful outing and public shaming, finds support from his father towards his son's sexuality and outing. The father also who pleads with the school board to stop Jeff and arranges for his son finishing his school year through home schooling with help from his school and teachers.


1:54 (film), Plot
But it is too late, as Tim has already prepared a makeshift bomb to blast Jeff's celebration party after the latter's victory and qualification to the Nationals. He has also released a video footage on his own online page explaining why he is engaging in this final act. Tim had developed his skill of bomb-making through chemical experiments he had conducted in preparation with a joint lab project earlier with his now-deceased friend Francis.


1:54 (film), Plot
In his last moment of remorse of possibly causing great havoc and mayhem, he tries to remove the bomb he has placed, but dies himself as the bomb explodes in his hands. The last scene shows the reactions of many who knew Tim and could do nothing, with the friend of Jeff - and not Jeff himself - in a remorseful mood trying to justify or self-excuse himself by saying that his actions were meant as "just a joke".


1:54 (film), Impact
The film was featured during the 2016 Quebec City Film Festival with the film winning the award for "Best Student Film" and the film's star Antoine Olivier Pilon the award for "Best Actor" during the festival. It was also featured during the Busan International Film Festival in South Korea, the 9th edition of Festival du film francophone d'Angoulême in France (23-28 August 2016) and the 31st Festival International du Film Francophone de Namur in Belgium (30 September to 6 October 2016).


1:54 (film), Impact
The film is England's debut long feature film, following his short film Henry, which was a finalist during the 85th Academy Awards for the category of Best Live Action Short Film.


1:54 (film), Impact
The Quebec City Film Festival screening held in the Palais Montcalm on 23 September 2016 was attended by Premier of Quebec Philippe Couillard, a number of government ministers and Quebec City mayor Régis Labeaume.


1:54 (film), Impact
The film has prompted wider discussion in Canadian schools with demands of showing the film in various schools to encourage open discussions and wider public awareness of important issues the film tackles like competitiveness in youth sports and rivalry between athletes, bullying, physical violence, verbal abuse and intimidation in schools, sexual orientation among youth and teenage homosexuality, public outing, online shaming, youth suicide, ostracism, blackmail, rejection, humiliation, desperation, vengeance, and handling of grief. At the 19th Quebec Cinema Awards, Pilon was nominated for Best Actor and 1:54 was nominated for the Public Prize. It won the Public Prize, chosen by viewers' votes.


1:5:200
In the construction industry, the 1:5:200 rule (or 1:5:200 ratio) is a rule of thumb that states that:


1:5:200
If the initial construction costs of a building is 1, then its maintenance and operating costs over the years is 5, and the business operating costs (salary of people working in that building) is 200.


1:5:200, Rule
The rule originated in a Royal Academy of Engineering paper by Evans et al.


1:5:200, Rule
Sometimes the ratios are given as 1:10:200. The figures are averages and broad generalizations, since construction costs will vary with land costs, building type, and location, and staffing costs will vary with business sector and local economy. The RAE paper started a number of arguments about the basis for the figures: whether they were credible: whether they should be discounted; what is included in each category. These arguments overshadow the principal message of the paper that concentration on first capital cost is not optimising use value: support to the occupier and containment of operating-cost. Study by the Constructing Excellence Be Valuable Task Group, chaired by Richard Saxon, came to the view that there is merit in knowing more about key cost ratios as benchmarks and that we can expect wide variation between building types and even individual examples of the same type.


1:5:200, Rule
Hughes et al, of the University of Reading School of Construction Management and Engineering, observed that the "Evans ratio" is merely a passing remark in the paper's introduction (talking of "commercial office buildings" and stating that "similar ratios might well apply in other types of building") forming part of a pitch that the proportion of a company's expenditure on a building that is spent directly on the building itself (rather than upon staffing it) is around 3%, and that no data are given to support the ratio and no defence of it is given in the remainder of the paper.


1:5:200, Rule
In attempting to determine this ratio afresh, from published data on real buildings, they found it impossible to reproduce the 1:5:200 ratio, in part because the data and methodology employed by Evans et al. were not published and in part because the definitions employed in the original paper could not be applied. The ratios that they determined were different by an order of magnitude from the 1:5:200 ratio, being approximately 1:0.4:12. They observed that "everyone else who deals with real numbers" pitches the percentage somewhere between 10% and 30%, and that their data support 12%.


1:5:200, Rule
They note (as does Clements-Croome) that the three costs for every individual building are affected by a plethora of factors, yielding a wide variation in ratios. They suggest that "[p]erhaps the original 1:5:200 ratio was simply meant to be a statement to focus clients' attention" on the importance of considering the higher staffing costs of a building relative to its operating and construction costs, and to encourage people to not be too concerned with higher initial build costs to improve build quality and reduce later lifetime costs.


1:5:200, Rule
They state that if this is so "then subsequent users of the ratio have misused it", and that the frequency of use of the ratio is not problematic, but that the authority and gravitas that are assigned to it is. They conclude that "perhaps the most worrying feature of this whole discussion is how this passing introductory remark in the paper by Evans et al has gained the status of a finding from research carried out by the Royal Academy of Engineering, which it most certainly is not! ".


1:64 scale
1:64 scale is a traditional scale for models and miniatures, in which one unit (such as an inch or a centimeter) on the model represents 64 units on the actual object. It is also known as "three-sixteenths scale", since 3/16 of an inch represents one foot. A human is approximately 1+1⁄16 inches (27 mm) tall in 1:64 scale. The scale originated by halving the very common 1:32 scale, which was known as "standard size" in some hobbies.


1:64 scale
This scale became successful because of its relative size in comparison to other toys, the fact that it is a derivative of 1/16 scale, and because they are easily held by small hands. The 1/64 scale models will generally have less detail than a 1/16 scale models. Moreover, "1/64 coincides with the S scale of model railroading, part of the consideration of why 1/64 became an established size."


1:64 scale
Currently, 1:64 scale is most commonly used for automobile and other vehicle models, but it is also a popular scale for model railroads and toy trains, and has been used for ship models also. In addition, 28mm military and fantasy figures are a popular size for tabletop gaming, and they are sometimes scaled out to 1:64, although opinion on the actual scale of 28mm range from 1:48 to 1:64.


1:64 scale, Die-cast vehicles
Many diecast automobiles and commercial vehicle models for collectors have been made to a strict scale of 1:64. However, for much of the die-cast toy market, 1:64 is only a nominal scale. Though collectors and manufacturers loosely describe popular lines of die-casts as 1:64, toy vehicles are usually made to "box scale." This means that the size of the model is determined by the size of the standard packaging (formerly a cardstock box, now usually a clear blister-card).


1:64 scale, Die-cast vehicles
Models of a 1959 Cadillac and an Austin Mini-Cooper designed to fill up the same packaging space will have very different actual scales, but for the passenger automobiles in many die-cast lines, 1:64 is a reasonable approximation. Brands of die-cast toys in and around this scale include Hot Wheels and Matchbox, Ertl, GreenLight, Auto World, Code 3, Johnny Lightning, and Jada Toys.


1:64 scale, Die-cast vehicles
Outside the USA, brands like Maisto, Siku, Norev, Corgi, Tomica, Autoart, Edocar, Kyosho, Tarmac Works, iscale, Time Model, Make Up, Majorette, Schuco, Welly, among many others, are available in this scale.


1:64 scale, Model horses
Breyer Animal Creations's brand Mini Whinnies, introduced in 2005, are the smallest scale of Breyer model horses at 1 1/2" high for adults and 1" for foals (1:64 scale). Originally produced by Creata Winner's Choice and sculpted by Candance Liddy, they are aimed at young collectors and usually sold in easy-to-carry packages and playsets; they are currently sold as blind bags.


1:64 scale, Slot cars
Small-scale slot cars are often sized to fit a standard motorized chassis and therefore vary somewhat in scale.


1:64 scale, Slot cars
The mechanisms have increased in size over the years to generate more power. The so-called "HO" sized slot cars which were introduced in the 1960s at about 1:76 scale, now average around 1:64 scale.


1:64 scale, Slot cars
Pictured is an early example of an approximately 1:64 slot car built by Aurora around 1972, as part of its AFX line. This first-generation AMC Matador coupe NASCAR race car replica is designed to fit on an enlarged chassis for nominal HO track.


1:64 scale, Slot cars
The 1:64 slot car lines include Micro Scalextric from the maker of the pioneering 1:32 scale slot cars. Tomy-Aurora and Life-Like also produce cars that average close to 1:64. Mattel's diecast Hot Wheels Racing series and the Winner's Circle also have made diecast scenes of 1/64-scale pit crews and race officials that look right with the appropriate NASCAR slot car models.


1:64 scale, Wargaming
Metal figures for tabletop wargaming and role-playing gaming are usually not described by scale ratio, but by the approximate height of a human figure, in millimeters. Manufacturers gradually enlarged the standard 25  mm figures of the 1970s, at first describing them as "large 25s,"  or "heroic 25s." By the 1990s, they were simply called 28  mm. figures, and have largely replaced 25s as the standard size for role-playing and many military games. Accessories scaled to match 28  mm gaming figures are generally built to 1:64 scale. More accurate to 1/64 scale car models would actually be the 20mm figures, or approximately 1/72.


1:64 scale, Model trains
From the late 1940s to the mid-1960s, 1:64 was a popular scale in the U.S. model railroad market, where it was called S scale or S gauge. It still remains a modestly popular scale, with a dedicated following. A.C. Gilbert, a major toy manufacturer, challenged the predominant O scale (1:48) manufacturers such as Lionel with a fully developed line of 1:64 scale and semi-scale equipment marketed under the American Flyer brand. Because they were 25% smaller than traditional O scale models, they ran on a two-rail track that was more realistic than the traditional 3-rail O gauge track.


1:64 scale, Model trains
These features would become standard characteristics of model trains in later years, when the even-smaller HO scale (1:87) took over the model train market from both the O and S scale trains. S-scale survives currently with a small number of manufacturers producing scale equipment for hobbyists and a large number of collectors who seek out the 1950s-era American Flyer equipment to run trains on nostalgic layouts.


1:64 scale, Model trains
Since the 1930s, O scale (1:48) train manufacturers, including Gilbert, Lionel and Marx, have produced bargain or introductory lines of undersized toy trains to run on O-gauge track with very tight curves, known as 0-27 track. Though sold as O gauge, the bodies of these undersized cars and engines were often scaled to 1:64 proportions. The origins of Gilbert's S-gauge equipment can be traced to its American Flyer O-27 line of 1938 and after.


1:64 scale, Ships and boats
Kit manufacturers have used 1:64 as a scale for boats and small ships.


1:700 scale
1:700 scale is a widely popular scale mainly used by Japanese ship model kit manufacturers, such as Aoshima, Tamiya, Hasegawa, Fujimi and Pit-Road.