1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Uniforms & insignia
Between 1920 and about 1938 the officers and men of  324 (Glamorgan Yeomanry) Bty continued to wear the Glamorgan Yeomanry's Welsh Dragon cap badge. As collar badges, the officers wore gilt Welsh leeks on their blue patrol jackets and bronze Prince of Wales's feathers, coronet and motto in service dress, while the other ranks wore Welsh dragon badges. During and after the Second World War, the whole of 81st and 281st Field Rgts wore RA badges, but after 1967 their successors in the Glamorgan Yeomanry Troop of 211th (South Wales) Bty in 104th Light Air Defence Rgt were allowed the dragon collar badge in No 1 uniform.


1st Globes de Cristal Awards
The 1st Globes de Cristal Award ceremony honoured the best French movies, actors, actresses, plays, concerts, novels, singers, TV series, exhibitions and fashion designers of 2005 and took place on 13 March 2006 at the Luxembourg Palace in Paris. The ceremony was chaired and hosted by Patrick Poivre d'Arvor.


1st Gnezdilovo
1st Gnezdilovo (Russian: 1-е Гнездилово) is a rural locality (a selo) in Soldatsky Selsoviet of Fatezhsky District, Russia. The population was 49 as of 2010.


1st Gnezdilovo, Geography
1st Gnezdilovo is located 36 km southwest of Fatezh (the district's administrative centre) by road.


1st Golden Globe Awards
The 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, were held late on January 20, 1944 at the 20th Century Fox studios in Los Angeles, California.


1st Golden Globe Awards, Winners, Best Actor in a Leading Role
Paul Lukas - Watch on the Rhine as Kurt Muller


1st Golden Globe Awards, Winners, Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture
Akim Tamiroff - For Whom the Bell Tolls as Pablo


1st Golden Globe Awards, Winners, Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture
Katina Paxinou - For Whom the Bell Tolls as Pilar


1st Golden Globe Awards, Winners, Best Director-Motion Picture
Akim Tamiroff, Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role winner.


1st Golden Globe Awards, Comparison with the Academy Awards
The 16th Academy Awards, presented six weeks later, on March 2, 1944, featured among its nominations the same six, three of which were also winners — Best Actor: Paul Lukas, Best Actress: Jennifer Jones and Best Supporting Actress: Katina Paxinou.


1st Golden Horse Awards
The 1st Golden Horse Awards (Chinese: 第1屆金馬獎) took place on 31 October 1962 at Kuo Kuang Cinema in Taipei, Taiwan.


1st Golden Laurel Awards
The 1st PGA Golden Laurel Awards, honoring the best film producers of 1989, were held at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Los Angeles, California on March 28, 1990. The awards were presented by Ronald Reagan.


1st Golden Melody Awards
The 1st Golden Melody Awards ceremony (Chinese: 第一屆金曲獎) was held at the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall in Taipei on 6 January 1990.


1st Golden Raspberry Awards
The 1st Golden Raspberry Awards were held on March 31, 1981, at John Wilson's living room alcove to recognize the worst the film industry had to offer in 1980. Each category included as many as ten nominees; the maximum was lowered to five the following year to mirror the Oscars.


1st Golden Rooster Awards
The 1st Golden Rooster Award honoring the best in mainland film of 1981. Award ceremony held in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, May 22, 1981.


1st Golden Satellite Awards
The 1st Golden Satellite Awards, given by the International Press Academy, were awarded on January 15, 1997. The ceremony was hosted by Stacy Keach.


1st Golden Satellite Awards, Special achievement awards
Mary Pickford Award (for outstanding contribution to the entertainment industry) – Rod Steiger


1st Golden Satellite Awards, Motion picture winners and nominees, Best Actor – Drama
Geoffrey Rush – Shine (TIE)  James Woods – Killer: A Journal of Murder (TIE)


1st Golden Satellite Awards, Motion picture winners and nominees, Best Screenplay – Original
Lone Star – John Sayles (TIE)   The People vs. Larry Flynt – Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski (TIE)


1st Golden Trailer Awards
The 1st Golden Trailer Awards (GTAs) were held on 21 September 1999 in New York City, to honor the best in film promotion that 1999 had to offer, including film trailers, posters and TV advertisements.


1st Golden Trailer Awards, Background
The Golden Trailers were created by siblings Evelyn Brady-Watters and Monica Brady, in order to properly represent the hard working people who work in film marketing, who are not honored by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (Oscars).


1st Golden Trailer Awards, List of winners and nominees
Best Action Trailer - The Matrix· Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace· Blade


1st Golden Trailer Awards, List of winners and nominees
Most Original Trailer - Run Lola Run· The Blair Witch Project· The Minus Man· The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc


1st Golden Trailer Awards, List of winners and nominees
Best Edit - The Matrix· Blade· Bringing Out The Dead


1st Golden Trailer Awards, List of winners and nominees
Best Trailer in Show - The Matrix· Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me· Bringing Out The Dead


1st Golden Trailer Awards, List of winners and nominees
Best Trailer of the Decade - Se7en· Pulp Fiction· Dumb and Dumber· Face/Off· Fargo (1996 film)


1st Golden Trailer Awards, List of winners and nominees
Best Comedy Trailer - Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me (Trailer #1)· Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me (Trailer #2)· Analyze This


1st Golden Trailer Awards, List of winners and nominees
Best Art and Commerce - The Matrix· Xiu Xiu: The Sent Down Girl· Buffalo '66


1st Golden Trailer Awards, List of winners and nominees
Best Music - Out of Sight· Run Lola Run· Swing


1st Golden Trailer Awards, List of winners and nominees
Best Drama Trailer - Good Will Hunting· Tea with Mussolini· Jakob the Liar


1st Golden Trailer Awards, List of winners and nominees
Trashiest Trailer - Cruel Intentions· Cousin Bette· Detroit Rock City


1st Golden Trailer Awards, List of winners and nominees
Best Foreign Trailer - Three Seasons· Xiu Xiu: The Sent Down Girl· Lucie Aubrac


1st Golden Trailer Awards, List of winners and nominees
Best Horror/Thriller Trailer - The Blair Witch Project· A Perfect Murder· I Still Know What You Did Last Summer


1st Golden Trailer Awards, List of winners and nominees
Best Voiceover - The Blair Witch Project· The Beach· Bringing Out The Dead


1st Golden Trailer Awards, List of winners and nominees
The Dark and Stormy Night Award - 8mm· Snow Falling on Cedars· The Mask of Zorro


1st Golden Trailer Awards, List of winners and nominees
Best Trailer with No Budget - Return of the Masterminds· Get Real (film)· Apocalypse II: Revelation


1st Golden Trailer Awards, List of winners and nominees
Best Animation/Family Trailer - A Bug's Life· Mr. Magoo· Inspector Gadget


1st Golden Trailer Awards, List of winners and nominees
Best Documentary Trailer - Return with Honor· Unmade Beds· Buena Vista Social Club


1st Golden Trailer Awards, List of winners and nominees
Best Romance Trailer - Great Expectations· Prague Duet· Ever After (film)


1st Goodsal
1st Goodsal is the first, and to date only, studio album by Japanese idol group Ongaku Gatas. It was released by Zetima Records on February 6, 2008. The album peaked at #24 on the Oricon weekly charts, charting for two weeks.


1st Goodsal, Track listing
All lyrics are written by Tsunku except track 7, written by Makoto of Sharam Q, and track 8, written by Yoshiko Miura.


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment)
1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), often referred to as the 1st Gorkha Rifles, or 1 GR in abbreviation, is the seniormost Gorkha infantry regiment of the Indian Army. It was originally formed as part of the East India Company's Bengal Army in 1815, later adopting the title of the 1st King George V's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), however, in 1947, following the partition of India, it was transferred to the Indian Army and in 1950 when India became a Republic, it was redesignated as 1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment).


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment)
The regiment has a long history and has participated in many conflicts, including many of the colonial conflicts prior to Indian independence, as well as the First and Second World Wars. Since 1947 the regiment has also participated in a number of campaigns against Pakistan in 1965 and 1971 as well as undertaking peacekeeping duties as part of the United Nations.


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), History, Formation
The Gurkha War was fought between the Gorkha kings of Nepal and the British East India Company as a result of border tensions and ambitious expansionism especially into Kumaon, Garhwal and Kangra hills. Although the British East India Company's army defeated the Gorkha army led by General Amar Singh Thapa, they were nevertheless impressed by the skill and courage the Gorkhas had shown during the siege of Malaun fort in Bilaspur. As a result, during the post war settlement a clause was inserted into the Treaty of Sugauli enabling the British to recruit Gorkhas. On 24 April 1815 at Subathu, the East India Company formed a regiment with the survivors of Thapa's army calling it the First Nusseree Battalion. The formation of this unit marks the beginning of the history of the first Gorkha regiment.


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), History, Early campaigns
The Regiment soon saw its first battle when, in 1826, it took part in the Jat War where it helped in the conquest of Bharatpur, gaining it as a battle honour, the first battle honour awarded to the Gurkha units. In 1846 the First Anglo-Sikh War began and the Regiment was heavily involved in the conflict. It was awarded two battle honours for its involvement in the war; at the Battle of Aliwal which saw the Sikh forces, who had invaded British India.


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), History, Early campaigns
The Regiment experienced numerous names changes during the 1800s; one name change in 1850 saw it gain a new numerical designation to become the 66th Goorkha Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry after the original 66th had mutinied. The Regiment saw service during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 which began in 1857. The following year Lieutenant John Adam Tytler became the first Gurkha officer to be awarded the Victoria Cross (VC), receiving it for his actions against rebels at Choorpoorah.


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), History, Early campaigns
In 1861 the Regiment gained its present numerical designation when it became the 1st Goorkha Regiment. In 1875, the Regiment, under the command of Colonel James Sebastian Rawlins, was sent abroad for the first time, when it took part in the effort to quell a rebellion in Malaya during the Perak War. During the conflict Captain George Nicolas Channer was awarded the Victoria Cross for his valiant actions against the Malayans. The Regiment took part in the Second Afghan War in 1878 where they were part of the 2nd Infantry Brigade and won the Theatre Honour "Afghanistan 1878–80".


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), History, Early campaigns
In 1886 the Regiment became the 1st Goorkha Light Infantry and a 2nd Battalion was raised in February. In 1891 the Regiment was designated a Rifle regiment when it became the 1st Gurkha (Rifle) Regiment and in consequence of this the Regiment's Colours were laid up. The Regiment then took part in operations in Burma and the North-West Frontier campaigns in the 1890s; at Waziristan in 1894 and the Tirah campaign in 1897.


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), History, Early campaigns
In 1901 the Regiment's title was shortened when it became the 1st Gurkha Rifles and in 1903 its title was changed once more, this time to the 1st Gurkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment). This title had been adopted to commemorate due to the significance of Malaun to the Regiment; it was where the British had decisively beaten the Gurkhas in 1815 during the Anglo–Gurka War and subsequently recruited them into the Nusseree battalions. The Regiment was located near Dharamsala when the 1905 Kangra earthquake struck on 4 April, killing 20,000 people. The 1st Gurkhas themselves suffered over 60 fatalities.


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), History, Early campaigns
In 1906 its title was changed to the 1st Prince of Wales's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment) in honour of George, Prince of Wales (later King George V) who also became Colonel-in-Chief of the Regiment that year. In 1910 King George V ascended to the throne and in consequence the title of the regiment was changed to the 1st King George's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), thus maintaining the Regiment's links with King George.


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), History, First World War
In August 1914 the First World War began. In December, the 1st Battalion was deployed to the Western Front in France as part of the Sirhind Indian Infantry Brigade, attached to 3rd (Lahore) Division. The 1st Battalion's first taste of trench warfare came when they were involved in the defence of Givenchy shortly after. After braving a winter in the trenches, on 10 March 1915 the 1st Battalion took part in the Battle of Neuve Chapelle which lasted until 13 March.


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), History, First World War
In April the Battalion took part in the Second Battle of Ypres, fighting in the subsidiary Battle of St. Julien which began on 24 April and concluded on 4 May. Later that month the Battalion took part in the Battle of Festubert and in September the Battle of Loos began, the last major engagement on the Western Front that the 1st Battalion took part in, before being withdrawn from the Western Front.


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), History, First World War
The Western Front was a completely different location to what the Regiment had been used to in the sub-continent and they, as indeed did the other Indian Army troops, suffered badly during the winter months. As a result, in December 1915 it was decided that the infantry units of the Indian Corps would be withdrawn from France and sent to other theatres. As a result, the 1st Battalion, along with the rest of the 3rd Division, was sent to Mesopotamia to take part in the campaign against the Ottomans which had begun in 1914.


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), History, First World War
The Sirhind Brigade was given a numerical designation, the 8th Brigade. In 1916 the 1st Gurkhas took part in a number of attempts, including the attack on Dujaila Redoubt in March, to relieve Kut-al-Amara, which had been besieged by the Ottomans since 7 December 1915. Those attempts, however, failed and Kut remained under siege until it surrendered to the Ottomans on 29 April 1916.


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), History, First World War
Following this the Regiment took part in the Allied offensive against the Ottomans later that year; this included the effort to recapture Kut, begun in December, which was recaptured in February 1917 and the capital Baghdad which was taken the following month. The 1st Battalion was later moved to Palestine in early 1918. It was involved in the effective Allied offensive against the Ottomans in September, the Battle of Megiddo, and also saw action at the Sharon.


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), History, First World War
Elsewhere, the 2nd Battalion saw service in the North-West Frontier of India, gaining the Battle Honour "North-West Frontier 1915–17" in the process. In 1917 a 3rd Battalion was raised for home service in India.


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), History, First World War
During the period that they had served on the Western Front in France the men of the 1st Gurkhas had found the conditions quite different from those that they were used to, however, they acquitted themselves commendably, performing with distinction in the many battles they took part in, proving the capability of the Gurkhas once more. The war formally ended on 11 November 1918 with the signing of the Armistice. The Regiment won 11 Battle Honours and 4 Theatre Honours during the war.


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), History, Inter war years
In 1919 the 1st and 2nd Battalions saw service during the brief Third Afghan War for which they gained the Theatre Honour "Afghanistan 1919". In 1921 the 3rd Battalion was disbanded. After this the Regiment participated in a number of campaigns on the North-West Frontier, serving mainly in Waziristan.


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), History, Inter war years
In 1937 the Regiment's name was altered slightly when it became the 1st King George V's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment); the only change being the addition of a V.


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), History, Second World War
In September 1939 the Second World War commenced between the UK and its allies against Germany. In December 1941 the Japanese entered the war when it launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor and launched a number of swift invasions of British and other countries territories. During the course of the war the Regiment raised a further three battalions, the 3rd in 1940, the 4th in 1941 and the 5th in 1942; the Regiment saw much service in the war but most notably in Malaya and Burma.


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), History, Second World War
The Regiment saw ferocious fighting during the Japanese invasion of Malaya; the 2nd Battalion, part of the 28th Brigade, saw heavy fighting at Jitra where it was forced to hastily retreat after taking part in the initial resistance on the Asun and being isolated and confronted by overwhelming Japanese forces which included tanks. The 2nd Battalion was in action a few weeks later at Kampar where they successfully held off superior forces. Within a few days they were again in action but were out-numbered and sustained heavy casualties during the engagement at the Slim River Bridge on 7 January.


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), History, Second World War
The Allies had withdrawn from Malaya, to Singapore, by January 1942. The Japanese subsequently launched an invasion of Singapore and bitter fighting ensued; Singapore, which had once been perceived as impregnable, fell on 15 February 1942 with 130,000 British, Australian and Empire troops, including men of the 2nd Battalion, taken prisoner by the Japanese.


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), History, Second World War
In Burma, a similar situation occurred, the Allies—having come under intense attacks from the Japanese who had begun their offensive in December—had to commence a retreat to India from February 1942 which was completed in May. Later, the battalions of the Regiment saw heavy fighting again in 1944 in the Arakan campaign and during the Japanese offensive against north-east India where two important battles, Kohima and Imphal, took place from March to June 1944. Imphal was besieged by the Japanese until the Allies achieved a decisive victory at Kohima in June and the Japanese fled back into Burma. The Regiment subsequently took part in the successful Allied offensive into Burma and on 3 May 1945 the Burmese capital Rangoon was liberated by British forces. There were still Japanese forces present in Burma but the fight against the Japanese was now ostensibly a mopping up operation.


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), History, Second World War
The war concluded with the formal surrender of Japan on 2 September 1945 on the deck of the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay; the Allies had prevailed after nearly six years of fighting. In French Indochina that same day the Viet Minh, led by Ho Chi Minh, declared their independence from France as the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. Shortly afterwards the British began to send units of the 20th Indian Infantry Division, which the 1st and 3rd Battalions were part of, to occupy the south of the country while the Nationalist Chinese occupied the north; the deployment was completed by October.


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), History, Second World War
The force was intended to disarm the Japanese forces and help in their repatriation back to Japan. The force, however, soon became embroiled in the fight against the Viet Minh and was soon helping in the restoration of French-control over the country. The British were, due to a lack of sufficient manpower, ironically forced to have the Japanese forces working alongside their own in Indochina in order to maintain peace and stability. The operations against the Viet Minh gradually became more intense and after substantial French reinforcements arrived the British and Indian forces departed by May 1946, and the First Indochina War would begin shortly afterwards.


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), History, Second World War
On October 25, the only known evidence of direct Soviet involvement in the area (during the 1945–1946 war) came about, when a Japanese patrol captured a Russian adviser near Thủ Dầu Một. He was handed over to Lieutenant-Colonel Cyril Jarvis, commander of the 1/1 Gurkha Rifles. Jarvis tried several attempts at interrogation, but it was fruitless, so the intruder was handed over to the Sûreté, the French criminal investigation department (equivalent to the CID). From there he disappeared from the annals of history.


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), History, Second World War
From September 1945 the 7th Indian Infantry Division, which the 4th Battalion was part of, was deployed to Siam (now Thailand) as part of an occupation force sent there to disarm the large Japanese forces present. The Battalion subsequently moved to Malaya in 1946 and then onto India.


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), History, Second World War
In 1946, the 2nd Battalion, having been captured in Malaya in 1942, was reconstituted from personnel taken from the 3rd Battalion, which subsequently was demobilised along with the 4th and 5th Battalions.


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), History, Post Independence
In 1947 an agreement, known as the Tripartite Agreement between India, Nepal and the United Kingdom was negotiated in order to determine what would happen to the Gurkhas upon the formalisation of India's Independence. As a result of this agreement it was decided that of the pre-war Gurkha regiments, four would be transferred to the British Army, while six—one of which was the 1st Gurkhas—would become part of the newly independent Indian Army.


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), History, Post Independence
Despite India achieving its independence, the Regiment retained its full designation until 1950 when it became the 1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), also adopting the Indian spelling of Gurkha, following India's transition to a republic.


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), History, Post Independence
Over time the wartime battalions that had been disbanded in 1946 were re-raised, so that by 1965 the Regiment consisted of five battalions once more.


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), History, Post Independence
In 1961 Captain Gurbachan Singh Salaria received the posthumous Param Vir Chakra (PVC), India's highest military honour, for his actions in the Congo when the 3rd Battalion, of which he was part, was on United Nations service.


1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), History, Post Independence, 6th Battalion
On 1 April 2015, a new battalion with about 700 soldiers was raised as 6th Battalion, 1st Gorkha Rifles (6/1GR); it was the first time in 50 years that a new Gorkha battalion had been formed. The new battalion, christened "Kanchi Paltan", was raised at Sabathu in the Shivalik foothills near Shimla, which is the location of the 14 Gorkha Training Centre. It is the first Gorkha battalion comprising only locally domiciled Gurkhas. The ratio between Nepali Gurkhas and Indian-resident Gurkhas in the army's seven Gurkha regiments had typically been around 70:30. The announcement about the raising of this battalion was made by Lt Gen Ravi Thodge, then Master General of Ordnance and Colonel of the Regiment in October 2015 during the grand celebrations of Reunion-cum-Bicentenary of the Regiment.


1st Government of Laos
The First Government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic was established on 2 December 1975.


1st Government of Slovenia
1st Government of Slovenia was elected on 16 May 1990 and was in office until 14 May 1992, when 2nd Government (1st of Janez Drnovšek) was elected. Prime Minister was Lojze Peterle.


1st Government of Slovenia
Government was formed by the coalition Democratic Opposition of Slovenia (Demos), which composed of five parties: Slovene Christian Democrats (SKD), Slovenian Social Democratic Union (SDZS), Slovenian Democratic Union (SDZ), Farmers' Alliance (SLS) and Greens of Slovenia (ZS).


1st Goya Awards
The 1st Goya Awards were presented at the Teatro Lope de Vega, Madrid on 17 March 1987, and was presented by Fernando Rey.


1st Grade of High School in Iran
This article would be best as a section of the appropriate global article.


1st Grade of High School in Iran
If you can address this concern by improving, copyediting, sourcing, renaming, or merging the page, please  and do so. You may remove this message if you improve the article or otherwise object to deletion for any reason. Although not required, you are encouraged to explain why you object to the deletion, either in your edit summary or on the talk page. If this template is removed, do not replace it.


1st Grade of High School in Iran
The article may be deleted if this message remains in place for seven days, i.e., after 13:57, 14 July 2019 (UTC).


1st Grade of High School in Iran
WARNING:  Draft:1st Grade of High School in Iran is 4,635 bytes. If it is not a redirect with only 1 edit in its edit history, this may be a "copy and paste" move. To avoid losing the edit history, administrators should consider merging the history of the AfC draft into this article. Non -administrators should consider placing {{Histmerge|Draft:1st Grade of High School in Iran}} at the top of this article before removing this AFC submission template.


1st Grade of High School in Iran
The first year of high school in Iran is not an easy education year to pass as previous periods, Because its the beginning of high school, A course that may really would be full of knowledge and selecting field of study Then study for university entrance examination which called Konkur and afterall entering university.


1st Grade of High School in Iran, Period of dropouts
It's clear that most of the students do not like this period of education & Most of the school dropouts happen at this level.


1st Grade of High School in Iran, Class Plan
A normal & routine class plan in Iran's high schools:


1st Grand National Assembly
The 1st Grand National Assembly (VNS) was the former legislature of Bulgaria. The assembly was located at Tarnovo. It ran from 17 April to 26 June 1879.


1st Grand National Assembly
This legislature is a continuation of the Constituent National Assembly. There are 229 MPs. It is also known that the assembly elected the first monarch in Bulgaria, Alexander of Battenberg, which later became Alexander I.


1st Grand National Assembly
The ceremony was attended by 231 MPs. The chairman of the assembly was Anthim I as chairman, Todor Ikonomov as deputy chairman, and Georgi Tishev as secretary. The power of MPs was limited.


1st Grande Prêmio Cinema Brasil
The 1st Grande Prêmio Cinema Brasil ceremony, presented by the Ministry of Culture of Brazil, honored the best audiovisual productions of 1999. It took place on February 12, 2000, at the Palácio Quitandinha in the city of Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro. During the ceremony, the Ministry of Culture presented the Grande Prêmio Cinema Brasil in 17 categories. The ceremony, televised by TV Cultura and Televisão Educativa, was directed by José Possi Neto and hosted by actress Regina Casé.


1st Grande Prêmio Cinema Brasil
The film O Primeiro Dia (Midnight) was nominated for nine awards (the most of any film), followed by Orfeu with seven nominations. O Primeiro Dia and Orfeu tied for the most awards won, with three each. Other film winners included Nós que Aqui Estamos por Vós Esperamos with two awards, and Por Trás do Pano, Outras Estórias and Dois Córregos with one each.


1st Grande Prêmio Cinema Brasil, Background
After a decree during the administration of President Fernando Collor de Mello abolished government support of cinema production, almost no films were domestically produced in the early 1990s. In 1991, only one percent of films on screen in Brazil were produced in the country, and in 1992 only two Brazilian films were released. In 1993 (after Collor's impeachment), the government enacted a tax incentive for film production, and the "Retomada" (lit. "Resumption"), a film renaissance, began. As of 1998, five percent of films in cinemas were Brazilian.


1st Grande Prêmio Cinema Brasil, Background
The Ministry of Culture of Brazil established the national film awards in November 1999 to recognize works and individuals in the audiovisual area; 16 categories and a special award were created. With the awards, the Ministry of Culture aimed to foster the retomada by increasing domestic audiences; their goal was for 20% of films in Brazil to be produced domestically as of 2002.


1st Grande Prêmio Cinema Brasil, Ceremony
The ceremony was held on February 12, 2000, beginning at 9:27 p.m. BRT. It took place at the Palácio Quitandinha, a former luxury resort hotel in Petrópolis, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Televised by TV Cultura and Televisão Educativa, the ceremony was directed by José Possi Neto and hosted by actress Regina Casé. The ceremony started with a montage of important scenes of Brazilian production over the years. The presentation of awards followed, interspersed with live musical performances by the Best Score nominees and homages to actresses Fernanda Montenegro, Vera Fischer, and Zezé Motta and filmmakers Anselmo Duarte and Joaquim Pedro de Andrade.


1st Grande Prêmio Cinema Brasil, Winners and nominees
On December 8, 1999, the nominees for six categories of the 1st Grande Prêmio Cinema Brasil were announced at Brasília. These categories were Best Film, Best Foreign Language Film, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress and Best Television Series. The nominees for the other 11 categories were announced on January 20, 2000. The films receiving the most nominations were O Primeiro Dia with nine and Orfeu with seven. The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on February 12, 2000.


1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd)
The 1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd) was an infantry regiment of the British Army that existed from 1958 to 1966. The regiment served in the Cyprus Emergency, Brunei Revolt, Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation and West Berlin. The regiment formed part of the Green Jackets Brigade and in 1963 was redesignated as a rifle regiment.


1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd), History
The regiment was formed following Duncan Sandys' 1957 Defence White Paper when the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry became the 1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd) on 7 November 1958. The 1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd) formed part of the Green Jackets Brigade which included the 2nd Green Jackets, Kings Royal Rifle Corps and the 3rd Green Jackets, Rifle Brigade. The regiment wore the Brigade's Cap badge: an Infantry bugle in the centre over a Maltese cross, a crown at the top above a scroll reading Peninsula and the badge was surrounded by a wreath. 1st


1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd), History
Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd) wore black buttons on their uniform and kept the gorget button on officers and Warrant officers uniforms. The 1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd) retained the Battle honours of the 1st Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry, 43rd and 52nd. The regiment's depot was at Peninsula Barracks, Winchester, Hampshire. Bushfield Camp, near Winchester, was used as a temporary depot from 1961 to April 1964.


1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd), History, Cyprus
The 1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd), commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Andrew Martin, took part in operations against EOKA terrorists during the Cyprus Emergency. The regiment was based at Buckingham Camp at Polemidhia, near Limassol and was deployed mainly in the Limassol area. Major Peter Gerahty was second-in-command of the regiment in Cyprus. Captain, later General Sir Robert Pascoe also served with the 1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd) during the Cyprus Emergency. Following a farewell parade the 1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd) returned to the UK on HMT Dunera in May 1959.


1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd), History, United Kingdom
The regiment was based at Knook Camp, near Warminster, in 1959. The regiment, led by Lieutenant Colonel Michael Harbottle, was an infantry demonstration battalion from 1959 to 1962. Brigadier, later General Sir Antony Read had a key role in the planning stages for the new regiment and in its move to the Green Jackets Brigade. Major, later Colonel John Tillett was second-in-command of the regiment at Warminster.


1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd), History, United Kingdom
In accordance with the tradition of rifle regiments not carrying colours; in 1962 in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, the 1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd) marched the 43rd and 52nd colours for the last time. On that occasion the regiment provided a Guard of Honour for Queen Elizabeth II which was commanded by Captain Edward Jones. Major Dennis Fox was involved in the production of the 1962 film The Longest Day and members of the regiment took part as extras in the film.


1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd), History, Far East
In April 1962, the 1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd) sailed from Southampton to Penang on the troopship SS Nevasa. The regiment was the first unit to be posted to the Far East without any National Servicemen, following the end of conscription in 1961. Following deployment to the Far East the 1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd) took part in Jungle warfare training and small exercises.


1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd), History, Far East
On 9 December 1962, the 1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd) led by Lieutenant Colonel Tod Sweeney was deployed to Brunei on the island of Borneo after an Indonesian-backed uprising occurred. Major David Wood was second-in-command of the regiment during the Brunei Revolt. Major David Mostyn, Captain Robin Evelegh and Lieutenant Robin Letts who later served with 22 SAS, was awarded the Military Cross: Borneo 1965 and later transferred to the Australian Army, joined the Australian SAS and served in the Vietnam War, also took part in operations against the North Kalimantan National Army (TNKU).


1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd), History, Far East
Lieutenant Colonel Tod Sweeney tasked Captain John Stevenson the battalion's transport officer and NCOs with collecting troops from Jalan Gajah and other parts of the island; many troops were out of the barracks as it was a Sunday. The regiment moved from Penang on 9 December 1962 by 19.00hrs within 6 hours notice. First driving through the night to Kuala Lumpur which they reached early the following day; the regiment then continued to Singapore and arrived there by nightfall.


1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd), History, Far East
The regiment had been informed that they were moving to Singapore to relieve the 1st Battalion, Queen's Own Highlanders (Seaforth and Camerons). Following the 640-mile Journey 1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd) were then told by the Military Police to drive straight to the docks where they boarded the cruiser HMS Tiger and received orders for the regiment's deployment. The mobilisation of the regiment, move to Singapore and embarkation on HMS Tiger were all completed within 34 hours.


1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd), History, Far East
The ship sailed for Borneo on 11 December at 22.45hrs; sailing across the South China sea in heavy rain. The ship had 619 troops on board however was designed for a maximum capacity of 400. The regiment took part in an opposed landing at Miri, Sarawak, south of the border with Brunei, at dawn on 12 December 1962 and also in the capture of Bekenu, 30 miles south of Miri, which commenced on 13 December 09.45hrs. 1st Green Jackets were also deployed to capture Niah, in Sarawak, approximately 40 miles south-west of Miri and towards the South China sea coast.


1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd), History, Far East
HMS Tiger continued to Labuan where the remainder of 1st Green Jackets and vehicles disembarked. Following the capture of Bekenu and Niah, HMS Albion's helicopters were used to transport troops into positions to prevent rebels using escape routes along rivers into the hinterland. 1st Green Jackets were flown to Seria and took part in operations between Seria and Tutong. The regiment returned to Minden Barracks, Penang, in April 1963.


1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd), History, Far East
The regiment was redesignated as a rifle regiment in June 1963 to conform to the rest of the Green Jackets Brigade. On 24 June 1963, at Cathay cinema, Penang, members of the regiment were invited to a free showing of the film The Longest Day (1962): which included the coup de main operation by D Company, 2nd Ox and Bucks (the 52nd), to capture Pegasus Bridge and Horsa Bridge in the opening minutes of D-Day, 6 June 1944, before the main Normandy landings began. The 1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd) second operational tour in the Far East was from August 1963 to mid December 1963 and troops having sailed on HMS Albion were deployed via Labuan to Brunei and Sarawak.


1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd), History, Far East
In January 1964, the 1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd) became the spearhead battalion to support the Borneo Territories and Lieutenant Colonel David House took over command of the regiment. In May 1964, the regiment was deployed for its final operational tour in the Borneo territories and was based mainly in the Kuching District of Sarawak. The regiment worked closely with the RAF who used Whirlwind and Belvedere helicopters and was deployed over 40 miles along the border with Indonesia and the regiment defended against many enemy attacks.


1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd), History, Far East
In July 1964, the Colonel Commandant, General Sir Gerald Lathbury visited the regiment at Semengo Camp, Kuching and at the regiment's forward operating bases. The regiment returned to Penang at the end of October 1964. The 1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd) was the only British Army unit to complete three operational tours in the area and was deployed throughout the North Borneo and Sarawak territories. In December 1964 the regiment left Penang for the UK.


1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd), History, West Berlin
The regiment deployed to West Berlin in March 1965 during the Cold War with the Soviet Union. The regiment was stationed at Montgomery barracks in the district of Kladow; the Berlin Wall bordered the perimeter of the barracks. On 27 May 1965, during the first visit made by a British Monarch to Germany since 1913 Queen Elizabeth II inspected the 1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd), as part of the Berlin Infantry Brigade.


1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd), History, West Berlin
In West Berlin, the regiment's tasks included taking its turn in guard duties at Spandau Prison; where leading Nazi war criminals were imprisoned following the Nuremberg Trials. 1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd) officers took their turn in commanding " The Berliner:" a British military train which went daily from West Berlin to Braunschweig and back crossing into West Berlin at Wannsee and the Journey terminated at Charlottenburg railway station. The rail Journey from West Berlin along the corridor through East Germany to West Germany and back made from 1945 to 1991 was part of the agreement on Allied rights in Germany following the Second World War.


1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd), History, West Berlin
In September 1965, Lieutenant Colonel, later Brigadier Oliver Pratt, who had been commissioned into the Rifle Brigade at the end of the Second World War took over command of the regiment. Following his commission into the Rifle Brigade he later transferred to the Oxford and Bucks Light Infantry. He had been second-in-command of the 2nd Green Jackets, Kings Royal Rifle Corps prior to taking over command of the regiment. Lieutenant Colonel Oliver Pratt was to be the last Commanding Officer of the 1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd) and the first Commanding Officer of the 1st Battalion The Royal Green Jackets.


1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd), History, West Berlin
On 1 January 1966, whilst in West Berlin, the regiment amalgamated with the two other regiments of the Green Jackets Brigade to form the three battalion Royal Green Jackets, the 1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd) becoming the 1st Battalion The Royal Green Jackets.


1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd), History, West Berlin
On 25 July 1992 the battalion was disbanded at Osnabrück. The 2nd Battalion, Royal Green Jackets based at Omagh was renamed the 1st Battalion and the 3rd Battalion based at Dover was renamed the 2nd Battalion. On 1 February 2007, the 1st Battalion The Royal Green Jackets became the 2nd Battalion, The Rifles.


1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd), Regimental museum
The regimental collection is held by the Royal Green Jackets (Rifles) Museum which is based at Peninsula Barracks in Winchester.


1st Grenadier Division (Poland)
The 1st Grenadier Division (French: 1ère Division des Grenadiers; Polish: 1. Dywizja Grenadierów) was a Polish infantry formation raised in France during the Phoney War. The division was created as a part of the Polish Army in France following the Invasion of Poland. The division fought in the Battle of France in 1940.


1st Grenadier Division (Poland), Formation
Due to the Franco-Polish alliance, the formation of a Polish division in France began in early September 1939, shortly after the Invasion of Poland. The French government gave over a military camp at Coëtquidan to the Polish military mission and permitted voluntary recruitment from the Poles in France, which were particularly numerous in the coal-producing regions of Flanders. After the fall of Poland and the formation of the Polish government-in-exile, the newly appointed Polish commander-in-chief Władysław Sikorski ordered the formation of the 1st Grenadier Division on 13 November 1939.


1st Grenadier Division (Poland), Formation
Initially commanded by Colonel Stanisław Maczek, the division was taken over by Colonel Bolesław Bronisław Duch in January 1940. It was organized according to the French model and was equipped with French weapons and uniforms. Altogether, the formation numbered eventually about 13,000 enlisted soldiers, 2,600 NCOs and 580 officers of all grades, when it was sworn in by Gen. Sikorski on May 25, 1940, shortly before arriving at the front in Lorraine.


1st Grenadier Division (Poland), Battle of France
At the end of April 1940, the division was moved to Colombey-les-Belles in Lorraine where it received its long-awaited heavy equipment and final training. On May 18, the formation was moved to the Sarre area and was part of the French 4th Army, 20th Army Corps. 1st Regiment under Colonel Lowczowski was assigned to defend the Maginot Line near Wittlesburg. Initially divided between the two units of the Corps, the French 52nd Infantry Division and the Fortified Sector of the Sarre, the division operated in a supporting role.


1st Grenadier Division (Poland), Battle of France, June 1940
The division first saw combat on 14 June 1940, when attacked by German forces. The following day the division was centred and successfully defended its positions. However, during the night the 52nd Division broke down and withdrew soon after it was attacked to Dieuze. Fearing his corps being cut in two, the formation commander ordered the Poles to withdraw to the second line of defences. It withdrew to the area of Dieuze, where it covered the retreat of the French division throughout June 16.


1st Grenadier Division (Poland), Battle of France, June 1940
The following night it successfully disengaged itself and withdrew to the Marne–Rhine Canal defensive line, where it covered the area around Lagarde. As a result of the two-day-long Battle of Lagarde, the division was heavily damaged but managed to hold its positions. However, the 52nd Division had been destroyed by the Wehrmacht and the corps' remainder was disbanded by its commanding officer.


1st Grenadier Division (Poland), Battle of France, June 1940
The 20th Army Corps' remnants, then composed mostly of the Polish division and a small detachment of the Fortified Sector of the Sarre, withdrew to the forests around Baccarat. There it formed a perimeter defence in and around the town of Meriller. Not attacked directly, the 20th Army Corps was surrounded by the enemy on June 19. The Poles broke through to Neureville but were unable to continue their assault. On June 21, after receiving information of Franco-German capitulation talks, Gen. Bronisław Duch disbanded the unit and ordered his men to either flee to neutral Switzerland or to join the Polish forces in the United Kingdom. Many chose the latter option, including the general himself.


1st Grenadier Division (Poland), Battle of France, June 1940
Altogether, the division lost approximately 5,200 men during the Battle of France.


1st Grenadier Division (Russian Empire)
The 1st Grenadier Division was a grenadier unit in the Imperial Russian Army. It was headquartered at Moscow and participated in the Baranovichi Offensive.


1st Grey Cup
The 1st Grey Cup game was played on December 4, 1909, between the Intercollegiate Rugby Football Union champion University of Toronto Varsity Blues and the Ontario Rugby Football Union champion Toronto Parkdale Canoe Club. The University of Toronto won the game, 26–6. While the Canadian Dominion Football Championship had been contested since 1884, this was the first such game that was awarded a trophy. This was the University of Toronto's third Dominion Championship and their fifth appearance in the national championship game. This was Toronto Parkdale's first appearance in a Dominion Championship game.


1st Grey Cup, Game summary
U. of Toronto Varsity Blues (26) - TDs, Hugh Gall, Murray Thomson, Smirle Lawson; cons., Bill Ritchie; singles, Gall (8), Lawson (2).


1st Grey Cup, Game summary
Toronto Parkdale Canoe Club (6) - TD, Tom Meighan; single, Percy Killaly.


1st Guam Legislature
The 1st Guam Legislature was a meeting of the Guam Legislature. It convened in Hagatna, Guam on January 5, 1951 and ended on January 3, 1953.


1st Guam Legislature
The 1st Guam Legislature was elected in the 1950 Guamanian legislative election.


1st Guards Airborne Division
The 1st Guards Zvenigorod–Bucharest Red Banner Order of Suvorov Airborne Division (Russian: 1-я гвардейская воздушно-десантная Звенигородско-Бухарестская Краснознамённая ордена Суворова дивизия) was a division of the Soviet Airborne Troops. The division was first formed in December 1942 and fought in the Battle of the Dnieper, the Battle of the Korsun–Cherkassy Pocket, the Uman–Botoșani offensive, the second Jassy–Kishinev offensive, the Battle of Debrecen, the siege of Budapest and the Prague offensive. In August 1945 it was sent east and fought in the Soviet invasion of Manchuria. The division became the 124th Guards Rifle Division in November 1945 and disbanded in 1956.


1st Guards Airborne Division, History
The division was formed in accordance with an order from 8 December 1942 from the 4th Airborne Corps headquarters and the 1st Airborne Brigade.


1st Guards Airborne Division, History
The division became part of the Special Group commanded by Mikhail Khozin. In mid-February 1943, it was concentrated south of Zaluceni. Its objective was to advance into a breach in the German lines in the 1st Shock Army offensive zone. In March, the division fought in the Staraya Russa operation, but was unable to capture the town. In August, it made another attempt and cut the Staraya Russa-Kholm road on 18 August. It then advanced to the Porus River at the villages of Chirikov and Kotov. The division entrenched in positions there. After the end of the fighting, it was sent to the rear to rest and refit; in September, it was transferred to the Steppe Front.


1st Guards Airborne Division, History
It fought in the capture of Left-bank Ukraine in the area east of  Kremenchug. On 9 October, it crossed the Dnieper near Moldavan Island and the villages of Soloshino and Perevolochna. October 9, 1943, crossed the Dnieper near the island of Moldovans, Soloshino, Perevolochna, advancing in the second echelon of the 37th Army. From October to December, the division advanced towards Krivoy Rog and Kirovograd.


1st Guards Airborne Division, History
In January and February 1944, the division fought in the Korsun–Shevchenkovsky offensive and took part in the encirclement of German troops around Zvenigorod. The division was awarded the honorific "Zvenigorod" for its actions during the fighting on 13 February. Between March and April, it fought in the Uman–Botoșani offensive. During the offensive, the division reached the Dniester and Dubăsari. During the summer it fought in the second Jassy–Kishinev offensive. During the offensive, it advanced in the second echelon of 53rd Army towards Focșani. On 31 August, it entered Bucharest. At the end of September, the division reached the Hungarian border northwest of Arad. On 6 October, it launched an offensive from there during the Battle of Debrecen and reached the Tisza. The division crossed the Tisza in November during the Budapest offensive.


1st Guards Airborne Division, History
By February 1945, the division was positioned on the Hron. It fought in the Bratislava–Brno offensive in April and the Prague offensive in May. During June and July, the division was transferred to Choibalsan in Mongolia, along with the 53rd Army. It became part of the 18th Guards Rifle Corps. In August 1945, it fought in the Khingan–Mukden offensive operation, part of the Soviet invasion of Manchuria. At the end of the war, it was in Tongliao, where the division conducted its first airborne operation.


1st Guards Airborne Division, History
On 5 December 1945 the division became the 124th Guards Rifle Division, still with the 18th Guards Rifle Corps in the East Siberian Military District. The division relocated to Nizhneudinsk, Irkutsk Oblast in the spring of 1946. It became the 20th Separate Guards Rifle Brigade there and was directly subordinated to the district as a result of postwar troop reductions. In October 1953 it was upgraded to a division again. The East Siberian Military District became the 31st Rifle Corps of the Transbaikal Military District around this time. The division thus became part of the 31st Rifle Corps. On 4 April 1956, the division was disbanded.


1st Guards Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division
The 1st Guards Anti- Aircraft Artillery Division PVO (Russian: 1-я гвардейская зенитная артиллерийская дивизия ПВО) was an anti-aircraft artillery division of the Soviet Union's Air Defense Forces (PVO) during World War II and the Cold War.


1st Guards Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division
It traced its origins back to an artillery battery of the Russian Civil War that was expanded into a battalion and a regiment between the wars. At the end of the 1930s it was relocated to Moscow as the 193rd Anti- Aircraft Artillery Regiment, and provided air defense for the city during World War II. It was converted into the 72nd Guards Anti- Aircraft Artillery Regiment in November 1942, and expanded into the 1st Guards Anti- Aircraft Artillery Division in June 1943. The division covered a sector of the air defense of the city until its disbandment in 1960.


1st Guards Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division, Before 1941
The division traced its history back to the formation of the 2nd Anti - Aircraft Railway Battery of the Steel Putilov Battalion in November 1917 at the Putilov Factory, shortly after the October Revolution. The unit was formed in order to provide air defense against the aviation of anti-Bolshevik forces, and included workers from the Putilov Factory. The battery saw action in the suppression of Pyotr Krasnov's attempt to restore the Russian Provisional Government, and on 13 March 1918 claimed two German Albatros fighters downed near Pskov.


1st Guards Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division, Before 1941
From November it fought against the North Russia Intervention in the Russian Civil War as part of the 6th Army, claiming eight aircraft downed. For its "courage and valor" in battles at Plesetsk station in October and November 1919, the battery was awarded the Honorary Revolutionary Red Banner on 7 February 1920. It subsequently fought against the Armed Forces of South Russia on the Rostov-Kislovodsk and Makhachkala railway lines, then advanced south to participate in the Red Army invasion of Georgia. From 1922, the unit provided air defense for the Baku oil fields on the Caspian coast.


1st Guards Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division, Before 1941
In 1927, the battery was reorganized as the 90th Separate Anti- Aircraft Artillery Battalion, becoming the 3rd Baku Regiment PVO on 5 December 1928 and the 60th Anti- Aircraft Artillery Regiment PVO in 1930. In 1938, the regiment was relocated to Moscow to strengthen its air defenses after being redesignated as the 193rd Anti- Aircraft Artillery Regiment, receiving new 85 mm and 37 mm anti-aircraft guns, along with PUAZO-3 fire control devices and DCh optical rangefinders. In March 1939, Major Mikhail Kiknadze took command of the 193rd Anti- Aircraft Artillery Regiment, part of the Soviet air defense forces defending Moscow, the 1st Air Defense Corps. It was responsible for the southwestern sector: the Tushino Airfield, Minsk highway, and Moscow Canal.


1st Guards Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division, World War II
After Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union, began on 22 June 1941, the regiment became part of the Moscow Air Defense Front. On the night of 21 July, it was involved in the repulse of a German air raid, claiming two planes downed out of 22 shot down that night.


1st Guards Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division, World War II
On 21 October, two batteries from the 193rd were among the six anti-aircraft batteries with 211 guns sent to the front to serve in an anti-tank role during the Battle of Moscow; they were credited with destroying 21 tanks, three mortar batteries, two armored vehicles, and seven bunkers, as well as killing more than 200 German soldiers. It defended against German air raids on Moscow, and was credited with downing 38 aircraft by 29 December. The 193rd helped repulse small groups of German aircraft attempting to raid Moscow in bad weather on 6 January 1942. For "successful fulfillment of command tasks, organization, and discipline of personnel", the 193rd was converted into the 72nd Guards Anti- Aircraft Artillery Regiment on 7 November, the first Guards unit in the Air Defense Forces.


1st Guards Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division, World War II
On 3 June 1943, the regiment was expanded into the 1st Guards Anti- Aircraft Artillery Division of the Special Moscow Air Defense Army, under Colonel Kiknadze's command. It included the 236th, 237th, 240th, 242nd, and 244th Guards Anti- Aircraft Artillery Regiments, the 1st Guards Searchlight Regiment, and the 32nd Guards Separate Anti- Aircraft Artillery Battalion with light guns. The division's regiments were expanded from the 193rd's battalions. For the rest of the war, the 1st Guards provided defense against German air raids for the western sector of the Moscow Air Defense Zone.


1st Guards Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division, World War II
After the front moved farther away from Moscow, the division saw progressively less combat. Kiknadze was promoted to Major General on 18 November 1944. In 1945, the division participated in the May Day parade on Red Square. On 24 June, Kiknadze led a contingent of eight batteries with 32 85mm guns and 34 vehicles from the division in the Moscow Victory Parade.


1st Guards Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division, Postwar
After the end of the war, Kiknadze continued to command the division until January 1951, when he was promoted to become deputy commander of the Moscow Air Defense Region's anti-aircraft artillery. The division became part of the Moscow Air Defense Area in 1948 when the Air Defense Forces in the Moscow area were reorganized, transferring to the Moscow Air Defense District in a 1954 reorganization. Major General Vasily Gladkov commanded the division between May 1953 and January 1957. By 1955, the division included three regiments: the 47th, 236th, and 240th Guards Anti- Aircraft Artillery Regiments. Its command post was located in the Maryino-Znamenskoye area. In mid-1960, the division was disbanded, after gradually being replaced by the 1st Special Purpose Air Defense Army as surface-to-air missiles replaced anti-aircraft guns. The 1st Guards were the last of the Moscow area anti-aircraft artillery divisions to disband.


1st Guards Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division, Postwar
The lineage of the division's 236th Regiment is continued by the 42nd Guards Anti- Aircraft Rocket Regiment, and that of the 240th Regiment by the 79th Guards Anti- Aircraft Rocket Brigade, disbanded in 2001.


1st Guards Army (Soviet Union)
The 1st Guards Army was a Soviet Guards field army that fought on the Eastern Front during World War II.


1st Guards Army (Soviet Union), First Formation
On August 6, 1942, the army formed from the 2nd Reserve Army with five Guards Rifle Divisions,  the 37th, 38th, 39th, 40th and 41st. On August 9, the army was incorporated into Southeastern Front. On August 18, it was transferred to the Stalingrad Front (renamed Don Front on September 30).


1st Guards Army (Soviet Union), First Formation
During the German Sixth Army's assault on Stalingrad in August 1942, the Red Army launched a counter-offensive to drive the German forces back. The 1st Guards Army and the 24th Army launched the attack. Little success was met. The 1st Guards Army managed an advance of just a few miles, while the 24th Army was pushed back right into its start-line.


1st Guards Army (Soviet Union), First Formation
On October 16, 1942, the headquarters of the army transferred into Stavka reserve and its troops transferred to the 24th Army. On 25 October 1942 the army was disbanded, its headquarters was converted to the field management of the 2nd formation of Southwestern Front according to the Stavka directive of 22 October 1942.


1st Guards Army (Soviet Union), Second Formation
On November 5, 1942, 1st Guards Army was reformed from 63rd Army according to the Stavka directive of November 1. The army was a part of Southwestern Front. When the German troops were making their attack on Stalingrad, the First Guards Army was facing the Italian Eighth Army in the upper part of the Don River. The Army participated in Stalingrad strategic offensive Operation Uranus. As the right flank of the front shock group, 1st Guards Army with 5th Tank Army created the appearance of the Stalingrad encirclement "boiler".


1st Guards Army (Soviet Union), Second Formation
On December 5, 1942, 1st Guards Army is split, its left wing being renamed 3rd Guards Army of the Southwestern Front.


1st Guards Army (Soviet Union), Third Formation
The 1st Guards Army was created on December 8, 1942, according to the Stavka directive of December 5, 1942. The troops of the army was formed from the part of the operational group of Southwestern Front, and the headquarters of the army formed of management of 4th Army Reserve. It is composed of units of the right wing of the previous version of the 1st guard army and some reinforcement units : the 4th Guards Rifle Corps, the 6th Guards Rifle Corps, the 153rd Rifle Division, and the 18th Tank Corps.


1st Guards Army (Soviet Union), Third Formation
After the German relief operation was held, the 1st Guards Army, along with the 6th Army and 3rd Guards Army, launched an attack in Operation Little Saturn. During the operation the Soviets defeated the Italian Eighth Army and gained a respectable amount of territory. By the end of the year, the 1st Guards Army was outside Millerovo.


1st Guards Army (Soviet Union), Third Formation
The 1st Guards Army also took part in Operation Saturn, where the Red Army successfully drove back Army Group South to the Donets Basin in the Ukraine. The 1st Guards Army was part of the Soviet Southwestern Front, and took part in the victorious Soviet pushing into Germany in 1943 to 1945. Also, in 1943, the 1st Guards Army was the first unit of the soviet army to operate the new T-34/85 tank. Among its units when the war ended in 1945 was the 81st Rifle Division. In August, the 1st Guards Army became the headquarters of the Kiev Military District.


1st Guards Army (Soviet Union), After World War II
In July 1958, the 1st Separate Combined Arms Army (the Special Mechanized Army until 1957) was moved from its headquarters in Budapest to Chernigov and renamed the 1st Combined Arms Army. The 1st Combined Arms Army was subordinated to the Kiev Military District and in 1960 consisted of the 72nd, 81st and 115th Guards Motor Rifle Divisions, as well as the 35th Guards Tank Division. On 5 October 1967, it was renamed the 1st Guards Combined Arms Army at the request of now-Minister of Defense Grechko, who had commanded the army's third formation during World War II.


1st Guards Army (Soviet Union), After World War II
On 22 February 1968, it was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. For a period the army HQ was actually an operations group of the District. By this time it had been awarded the Order of Lenin. It included among its forces the 72nd Guards Motor Rifle Division, and the 25th Guards Motor Rifle Division.


1st Guards Army (Soviet Union), After World War II
After the collapse of the Soviet Union the Army became the 1st Army Corps of the Ukrainian Ground Forces, and then Territorial Directorate "North".


1st Guards Army (Soviet Union), After World War II, Commanders
The following officers commanded the 1st Guards Combined Arms Army and the previous 1st Combined Arms Army.


1st Guards Assault Aviation Corps
The 1st Guards Kirovograd-Berlin Red Banner Order of Suvorov and Kutzov Assault Aviation Corps (1st Gv shak) was a military formation of the Red Air Force during the Second World War, and of the Soviet Air Force until 1949. It was then renamed the 60th Guards Assault Aviation Corps, and was active until its disbandment in 1956. Its primary aircraft was the Ilyushin Il-2 'Sturmovik'.


1st Guards Assault Aviation Corps, Formation
The 1st Assault Aviation Corps was formed by an NKO Order dated September 10, 1942, from the 2nd Fighter Aviation Army. Part of the order establishing the corps said:


1st Guards Assault Aviation Corps, Formation
4. 1st and 2nd Fighter and the 1st Bomber Air Army - disband. Personnel and equipment used to staff the [new] air corps.


1st Guards Assault Aviation Corps, World War II
In the Battle of Kursk (Operation Citadel), General Vasily Ryazanov became a master in the use of attack aircraft en masse, developing and improving the tactics of Il-2 operations in co-ordination with infantry, artillery and armored troops. Il-2s at Kursk used the "circle of death" tactic: up to eight Sturmoviks formed a defensive circle, each plane protecting the one ahead with its forward machine guns, while individual Il-2s took turns leaving the circle, attacking a target, and rejoining the circle.


1st Guards Assault Aviation Corps, World War II
Ryazanov was later awarded the Gold Star of Hero of Soviet Union twice, and the 1st Assault Aircraft Corps under his command became the first unit to be awarded the honorific title of Guards. In 1943, one loss corresponded to 26 Sturmovik sorties. About half of those lost were shot down by fighters, the rest falling to anti-aircraft fire.


1st Guards Assault Aviation Corps, Part of the 'Operational Army'
The 1st Assault Aviation Corps was part of the 'operational army' (in combat) from October 17, 1942 to February 5, 1944, a period of 477 days. The corps was still part of the 'operational army' after its elevation to Guards status and remained in combat until 11 May 1945. The corps thus spent 937 days in combat.


1st Guards Breakthrough Artillery Division
The 1st Guards Glukhov Order of Lenin, Red Banner, Orders of Suvorov, Kutuzov, and Bogdan Khmelnitsky Breakthrough Artillery Division was the formal name of the 1st Guards Breakthrough Artillery Division (Russian: 1-я гвардейская артиллерийская дивизия прорыва), a division of the Red Army (the Soviet Army from 1946) that existed during World War II and the early period of the Cold War. The division was formed under the reorganisation of the Soviet artillery forces in 1943, becoming an active heavy artillery formation during the Second World War. However, following cuts to the army in the later 50s, the division was disbanded.


1st Guards Breakthrough Artillery Division, History
The division was formed as the 1st Artillery Division of the Reserve of the Supreme High Command (RGK) in October 1942 with the Southwestern Front, under the command of Colonel Vikenty Mazur. It was composed of the 274th, 275th, and 331st Howitzer, the 1162nd and 1166th Gun, and the 468th, 501st, and 1189th Tank Destroyer Artillery Regiments. In addition to its regiments, the division included the organic 816th Separate Reconnaissance Artillery Battalion and the 45th Separate Corrective Aviation Squadron.


1st Guards Breakthrough Artillery Division, History
It was sent into combat on 9 November 1942 in the area of Kletskaya  and Serafimovich, supporting the 21st Army of the Southwestern Front in the final stage of the Soviet defensive phase of the Battle of Stalingrad. From the second half of November to January 1943, the units of the 1st Artillery, operationally subordinated to the 24th and 65th Armies of the Don Front, provided artillery support in the encirclement and defeat of the German troops in the Stalingrad area.


1st Guards Breakthrough Artillery Division, History
After the Battle of Stalingrad, the 1st Artillery was transferred to the Central Front during February, where it was subordinated to the 65th Army and later the 70th Army. The division was reorganized on 20 February 1943, with its regiments combined into three brigades – one howitzer, one gun, and one tank destroyer. In recognition of its "courage and heroism", the division was converted into the 1st Guards Artillery Division RGK on 1 March; Mazur received a simultaneous promotion to major general.


1st Guards Breakthrough Artillery Division, History
The 1st Guards Artillery Division included the 1st Guards Gun, 2nd Guards Howitzer, and 1st Guards Light Artillery Brigades, which in turn included the 201st and 205th Guards Gun, 169th and 203rd Guards Howitzer, and 167th, 200th, and 206th Guards Light Artillery Regiments. In May 1943 Mazur was promoted to artillery corps command and replaced by Colonel Grigory Godin, who would be promoted to major general on 7 August. During the defensive phase of the Battle of Kursk, the division supported the 13th and 70th Armies with massed artillery fire, helping to repulse German tank and infantry attacks.


1st Guards Breakthrough Artillery Division, History
It received the Glukhov honorific title on 31 August. In October the division was assigned to the First Ukrainian Front. In July of 1944 the division was assigned to the 7th Artillery Corps.


1st Guards Breakthrough Artillery Division, History
From 16 April to 20 May 1944 3rd Guards Light Artillery Brigade commander Colonel Viktor Zhagala temporarily commanded the division after Arkady Volchek was wounded. 76th Rifle Corps Artillery commander Colonel Viktor Khusid (promoted to major general on 18 November 1944) was appointed to lead the division on 21 May, while it was part of the 1st Ukrainian Front. The division then fought in the Lvov–Sandomierz Offensive. The division was redesignated as the 1st Guards Breakthrough Artillery Division in November 1944, reflecting its role of providing artillery concentrations for offensives. In 1945 the division fought in the Sandomierz–Silesian Offensive, the Lower Silesian Offensive, the Berlin Offensive, and the Prague Offensive, and in fighting for the cities of Szydłów, Kielce, Steinau, Lüben, Sprottau, Cottbus, and Dresden.


1st Guards Breakthrough Artillery Division, History
Postwar, the division became part of the Central Group of Forces and in April 1947 was withdrawn to the Carpathian Military District. In August of that year, Khusid was transferred to the artillery reserve. Until its disbandment in 1960, the division was stationed in Nestorov in the Carpathian Military District. Its lineage is inherited by the 39th Guards Rocket Division of the 33rd Guards Rocket Army, part of the Russian Strategic Missile Troops. The 39th Guards Rocket Division was established on 18 July 1960 in Pashino (Gvardeyskiy), Novosibirsk Oblast, as the 212th Guards Svir Orders of Kutuzov and Bogdan Khmelnitsky Rocket Brigade, from the 21st Heavy Howitzer Artillery Brigade.


1st Guards Breakthrough Artillery Division, Commanders
The following officers are known to have commanded the division:


1st Guards Breakthrough Artillery Division, Organization in 1943
Structure of the division when it was formed from the 1st Artillery Division in 1943:


1st Guards Brigade (Croatia)
Croatia's First Mechanized Guard Brigade (Croatian: Prva mehanizirana gardijska brigada) - named "The Tigers" (Croatian: Tigrovi) - was the most elite and best equipped military brigade of the Croatian Army. Its military base and headquarters was in the Croatian capital of Zagreb, origin of most of the brigade's personnel. In 2008, as part of a larger military restructuring, the brigade-sized unit was disbanded and reformed as a battalion of the Motorized Guard Brigade.


1st Guards Brigade (Croatia), Formation
It was initially formed on November 5, 1990, at the military base in Rakitje. It was formed from volunteers and elements of the Croatian Police (which was to form the basis for the new Croatian army). Initially, lack of equipment forced the unit to be a wholly Infantry brigade, but this was soon corrected and the unit became a Motorized Infantry brigade by September 1991, when major military operations in the war begun.


1st Guards Brigade (Croatia), Formation
It was the part of the Croatian National Guard, the predecessor of the Croatian Army, and was initially referred to as the 1st "A" Brigade.


1st Guards Brigade (Croatia), Military service, Vukovar
When the war begun, the 1st Brigade was directed to eastern Slavonia, an area of Croatia which was under heaviest attack. The battle of Vukovar, pivotal battle of the first phase of the war, was where elements of brigade first saw combat service. As the city was under heavy attack by a large number of tank and mechanized units of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), it was soon surrounded and besieged. Small elements of the 1st Guard Brigade remained inside the city, but the majority of the brigade was outside and continued to hold the front against overwhelming enemy strength. The city would eventually fall, but some of the entrapped defenders managed a breakout.


1st Guards Brigade (Croatia), Military service, Vukovar
As the Battle of the Barracks came to an end in late September, and Croats captured number of heavy equipment from JNA barracks, the 1st Guard Brigade was equipped with tanks  (gaining the first 12 tanks in September after the fall of the Varaždin barracks) and armoured personnel carriers (APCs) and the first tank battalion was formed. By the end of 1992, the Brigade was redesignated 1st Mechanized Guard Brigade.


1st Guards Brigade (Croatia), Military service, 1992-1994
In mid-1992, the brigade was directed to end the blockade of the besieged city of Dubrovnik. The result was that the furthest south region of Croatia completely liberated by the end of the year.


1st Guards Brigade (Croatia), Military service, 1992-1994
Elements of the brigade were involved in Operation Maslenica during 1993.


1st Guards Brigade (Croatia), Military service, 1992-1994
During 1994, Croatian army was mostly inactive and the period was spent in training and refitting.


1st Guards Brigade (Croatia), Military service, Final operations
Status and equipment of the brigade meant that it was always used in the worst fighting. Once the Croatian Army went from defensive to offensive strategy in 1993, the army doctrine was based on a variation of blitzkrieg strategy in which weaker units would hold lines and Guard brigades - like the Tigers - would be used as line breakers to penetrate defenses, then isolate and destroy enemy formations. This tactics was used with great success during 1995.


1st Guards Brigade (Croatia), Military service, Final operations
In May 1995, during Operation Flash, 1st Guard brigade led one of two main attacks that fragmented and destroyed Serb forces in Western Slavonia.


1st Guards Brigade (Croatia), Military service, Final operations
The brigade participated in Operation Summer 1995 in Bosnia and was instrumental in capturing mountainous terrain east of rebel Republic of Serbian Krajina which was to be pivotal for the following operation.


1st Guards Brigade (Croatia), Military service, Final operations
For Operation Storm, the brigade was deployed along the west sector (north of Gospić) and was the main strike element responsible with reaching the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina on that line. The brigade captured Plitvice (where the first casualties of the war fell in 1991's Plitvice Lakes incident) and reached the border, linking up with the elements of the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ABiH) - one of the aims of the operation was the deblocking of the Bihać pocket where ABiH's Fifth Corps was besieged. Upon reaching the border, the brigade - with ABiH forces - advanced north.


1st Guards Brigade (Croatia), Military service, Final operations
After Storm, Croatian and Bosnian forces were on a general counteroffensive and the 1st Brigade was one of the units send to Bosnia for the purpose, where it successfully participated in liberating western Bosnia, occupied by rebel Serb forces since 1992. The combination of successful counteroffensive and NATO bombardment (Operation Deliberate Force) forced rebel Serbs to agree to peace negotiations.


1st Guards Brigade (Croatia), Military service, Final operations
During the entire war, 364 members of the brigade were killed on duty, 1711 were wounded, and 8 are still missing in action.


1st Guards Brigade (Croatia), Post-war
Following the Dayton Agreement, Croatia scaled down its military forces to reflect the end of the war. Despite this, and due to the brigades elite status and treatment, it retained the status of one of the most effective elements of the Croatian armed forces.


1st Guards Brigade (Croatia), Post-war
It was the first Croatian brigade to be reorganized and adopted to NATO standards.


1st Guards Brigade (Croatia), Engagement in Afghanistan
Elements of the brigade were sent to Afghanistan following the 2001 war in Afghanistan as part of NATO's efforts there. The Croatian units in Afghanistan included mainly Military Police units (elements of 1st and 2nd Guard Brigades) as part of the mission to train Afghanistan's new armed forces. Some parts of the Croatian military mission there may be dispatched to more dangerous areas of the country.


1st Guards Brigade (Croatia), 2007 Armed forces reform
During the reform of Croatian Armed Forces in 2007-2008, the brigade was reorganized to battalion level and incorporated in new Motorized Guard Brigade as 1st Mechanized Battalion Tigers.


1st Guards Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 1st Guards Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Army, formed in the First World War. It was formed in August 1915 by the redesignation of the 4th (Guards) Brigade on its transfer from the 2nd Division to the Guards Division. It served with the Guards Division on the Western Front for the rest of the war.


1st Guards Brigade (United Kingdom), History, 4th (Guards) Brigade
The 4th Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Army with a history that stretched back to the Napoleonic Wars. At the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, the 4th Brigade was a regular army formation stationed in London District and assigned to the 2nd Division. It was designated as 4th (Guards) Brigade as it commanded four battalions of Foot Guards.


1st Guards Brigade (United Kingdom), History, 4th (Guards) Brigade
The brigade was among the first British formations to be sent overseas as part of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), crossing to France between 11 and 16 August 1914. It served on the Western Front in 1914 and 1915 taking part in the Battle of Mons (23 and 24 August 1914), the First Battle of the Marne (6 – 9 September), the First Battle of the Aisne (13 – 20 September), the First Battle of Ypres (19 October – 30 November), and the Battle of Festubert (15 – 20 May 1915).


1st Guards Brigade (United Kingdom), History, Formation
On 19 August 1915, the brigade was transferred complete to the newly formed Guards Division and redesignated as 1st Guards Brigade the next day. It remained with the division for the rest of the war, serving exclusively on the Western Front.


1st Guards Brigade (United Kingdom), History, War service
In September 1915, the brigade took part in the Battle of Loos (26 September – 8 October) and Hohenzollern Redoubt (18 – 19 October). In 1916, it fought in the later stages of the Battle of the Somme, in particular the Battle of Flers–Courcelette (15 – 16 and 20 – 22 September), the Battle of Morval (25 – 28 September), and the Capture of Lesboeufs (25 September). In 1917, it saw action in the Battle of Passchendaele including the Battle of Pilckem Ridge (31 July – 2 August), the Battle of Poelcappelle (9 October), and the First Battle of Passchendaele (12 October). It then took part in the Battle of Cambrai (24 November – 3 December).


1st Guards Brigade (United Kingdom), History, War service
In February 1918, British divisions on the Western Front were reduced from a 12-battalion to a 9-battalion basis (brigades from four to three battalions). As a result, the 4th Guards Brigade was formed on 8 February 1918 by taking a battalion from each of the brigades of the Guards Division and the 1st Guards Brigade lost the 3rd Battalion, Coldstream Guards.


1st Guards Brigade (United Kingdom), History, War service
1918 saw the return of the war of movement. It had to withstand the German Army's Spring Offensive in the First Battles of the Somme (1 – 25 March) then switched over to counter-attack in the Second Battles of the Somme (21 – 23 August), the Second Battle of Arras (26 August – 3 September), the Battles of the Hindenburg Line (12 September – 12 October), and in the Final Advance in Picardy including the battles of the Selle and of the Sambre. Its final action was the Capture of Maubeuge on 9 November.


1st Guards Brigade (United Kingdom), History, Post-war
After the signing of the Armistice of 11 November 1918, the brigade was at Assevent, north-east of Maubeuge, and on 17 November it regained 3rd Battalion, Coldstream Guards from the disbanding 4th Guards Brigade. The next day it began the march on Germany and crossed the frontier on 11 December. By 19 December it had reached the Cologne area. Battalions started returning to England on 20 February 1919 and the last units had completed the move by 29 April.


1st Guards Cavalry Division (Russian Empire)
The 1st Guards Cavalry Division was a Guards heavy cavalry division of the Imperial Russian Army.


1st Guards Cavalry Division (Russian Empire), Organization
Each regiment comprised four squadrons (or, in Cossack regiments, four sotnyas, or "hundreds"); the colonels of the Guard regiments usually were Major-Generals in rank.


1st Guards Composite Aviation Division
The 1st Guards Stalingrad Bomber Aviation Division (Russian: 1-я гвардейская бомбардировочная Сталинградская ордена Ленина дважды Краснознаменная орденов Суворова и Кутузова авиационная дивизия) was an Aviation Division of the Soviet Air Force. It was formed as the 226th Assault Aviation Division in May 1942 and became the 1st Guards Stalingrad Assault Aviation Division for its performance in the Battle of Stalingrad. The division fought in the Melitopol Offensive, Crimean Offensive, East Prussian Offensive and the Battle of Königsberg.


1st Guards Composite Aviation Division
By the end of the war, the division had been awarded the Order of the Red Banner twice, the Order of Lenin and the Orders of Kutuzov and Suvorov 2nd class. Postwar, the division relocated to Belarus. In April 1956, it became a bomber division but was converted to a fighter-bomber unit in 1957. In 1989, it became an bomber unit again and moved to Krasnodar in 1993. At Krasnodar it became an assault unit. The division moved to Yeysk in 2002 and disbanded in 2009.


1st Guards Composite Aviation Division, History
The 1st Guards Bomber Aviation Division was initially formed as the 226th Assault Aviation Division as part of the 8th Air Army in May 1942. The 8th Air Army was supporting the Southwestern Front  as it fought the German advance during Operation Blau.


1st Guards Composite Aviation Division, History
On 18 March 1943 the division was renamed the 1st Guards Assault Aviation Division. By this time the 8th Air Army was part of Southern Front and included the 2nd Mixed Aviation Corps (201st Fighter Aviation Division, 214th Assault Aviation Division), 10th Mixed Aviation Corps (206th, 287th Fighter Aviation Divisions, 289th Assault Aviation Division), 270th Bomber Aviation Division (270 бад), 2nd Guards Night Bomber Aviation Division, 6th Guards Fighter Aviation Division, 8th Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment, 406th Light Bomber Aviation Regiment, and the 678th Transport Aviation Regiment.


1st Guards Composite Aviation Division, History
The division headquarters were moved from Ketrzyn to Lida, Grodno Region, in the Belorussian SSR, in July 1945.


1st Guards Composite Aviation Division, History
The 76th Guards Assault Aviation Regiment was disbanded in April 1947.


1st Guards Composite Aviation Division, History
In 1957, it was renamed 1st Guards Fighter-Bomber Aviation Division (1st IBAD, from 11 November 1976 1st ADIB).


1st Guards Composite Aviation Division, History
The division was renamed the 1st Guards Bomber Aviation Division in 1989.


1st Guards Composite Aviation Division, History
The Divisional headquarters was moved to Krasnodar, Krasnodar Krai, in 1993, and the division became part of the 4th Army of Air Forces and Air Defence.


1st Guards Composite Aviation Division, History
In 2013 the division was reformed with a bomber aviation unit at Morozovsk, assault aviation unit at Primorsk/Budenovsk, a fighter aviation regiment at Krymsk, which now appears to have become the 3rd Guards Composite Aviation Regiment, with the addition of the helicopters of the former 55th Independent Helicopter Regiment, a transport unit at Rostov, and the 11th Composite Aviation Regiment, a reconnaissance/bomber aviation unit at Marinovka. It now forms part of the reformed 4th Air and Air Defence Forces Army.


1st Guards Corps (Russian Empire)
The 1st Guards Corps (Russian: 1-й Гвардейский корпус) was a corps-level command in the Russian Imperial Army that existed in the decades leading up to and during World War I. Stationed in St Petersburg, it included some of the oldest and best known regiments of the Emperor of All Russia's Imperial Guard.


1st Guards Corps (Russian Empire), History
The corps was established on 20 August 1874 as the "Guard Corps" and was renamed to the 1st Guard Corps in November 1915. The corps was dissolved in 1918, though some of its members went on to join the Volunteer Army of the White movement.


1st Guards Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
The Imperial Japanese Army's 1st Guards Division (近衛第1師団, Konoe Dai-ichi Shidan) was formed from the Guards Mixed Brigade in June 1943 and a new Guards Regiment, the 6th, was added, with the 1st Guards Cavalry Regiment, 1st Guards Field Artillery Regiment, 1st Guards Engineer Regiment and 1st Guards Transport Regiment, and other support units.


1st Guards Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
Based in Tokyo, Japan until the end of World War II.


1st Guards Infantry Brigade (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 1st Guards Infantry Brigade was a military unit of the Imperial Guard, and later the Imperial Guards Division. In 1939 it was succeeded by the Guards Mixed Brigade.


1st Guards Infantry Brigade (Imperial Japanese Army), Military Action, Russo-Japanese war
The 1st Guards Brigade was a part of the 1st Guards Division during the Russo-Japanese war. The brigade was commanded by Asada Nobuoki.


1st Guards Infantry Division (German Empire)
The 1st Guards Infantry Division (German: 1. Garde-Infanterie-Division) was a unit of the Prussian (and later) Imperial German Army and was stationed in Berlin.


1st Guards Infantry Division (German Empire), Lineage
The division was created on September 5, 1818. In the reorganization, the guards brigades, which previously had been assigned to various corps and batteries of the Prussian Guards, were grouped into a single formation.


1st Guards Infantry Division (German Empire), Imperial German Army before 1918
By 1914 the division was subordinate to the Guards Corps of the Imperial German Army. At the outbreak of the First World War it was commanded by Gen-Lt. Oskar von Hutier.


1st Guards Infantry Division (Russian Empire)
The 1st Guards Infantry Division (Russian: 1-я гвардейская пехотная дивизия) was an infantry formation of the Russian Imperial Army which was part of the Imperial Guard. It was headquartered in Saint Petersburg and was part of the Guards Corps. It took part in fighting against Napoleonic invasion of Russia in 1811 shortly after its formation. It was expanded in July 1914 upon the mobilization of the Russian Imperial Army, and took part in fighting on the Eastern Front of World War I. The division was demobilized in 1918 after the Russian Revolution.


1st Guards Infantry Division (Russian Empire), History
The unit was initially formed on 15 June 1807 as the 1st Infantry Division. It was renamed "Guards" Infantry Division on 11 November 1811. For most of its history it was stationed in St Petersburg and was part of the Petersburg Military District upon its creation.


1st Guards Infantry Division (Russian Empire), Order of battle upon formation
When it was founded in 1807 the unit consisted of the following:


1st Guards Infantry Division (Russian Empire), Order of battle in 1914
From the early 1900s to 1917 the division consisted of the following:


1st Guards Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)
The 1st Guards 'Vienna' Order of Lenin Order of Kutuzov Mechanized Corps was a Red Army armoured formation that saw service during World War II on the Eastern Front. After the war it continued to serve with Soviet occupation forces in Central Europe. It was originally the 1st Guards Rifle Division. The unit had approximately the same size and combat power as an early-war Wehrmacht Panzer Division, or a British Armoured Division during World War II.


1st Guards Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)
It was under the command of General Lieutenant Ivan Russiyanov, and gained the honorifics "Vienna, Voronezh".


1st Guards Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)
In its final form, as the 171st Guards District Training Centre, it was disbanded while being stationed in Tblisi in 1992.


1st Guards Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union), History
The 1st Guards Mechanized Corps was formed in November 1942 in the Tambov region during the re-establishment of the Mechanized Corps as a formation in the Red Army. It was then assigned to the Southwestern Front which was under the command of General N. F. Vatutin to participate in the encirclement of German Army Group A in Operation Saturn, which was undertaken during the Battle of Stalingrad.


1st Guards Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union), History
In 1942, the corps fought in Operation Saturn; in 1943, the Third Battle Of Kharkov, the Battle of Kursk,  Operation Polkovodets Rumyantsev, and the Battle of the lower Dnepr, and in 1945, the Battle of Budapest, the  Balaton Defensive Operation, and the Vienna Offensive.


1st Guards Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union), History
Depending on the specific tasks allotted, units from the Reserve of the Supreme High Command (Stavka reserve) could be added to help it achieve its mission. When the 1st Guards Mechanized Corps returned to the front in January 1945, its tank formations were completely equipped with American M4A2 Sherman Lend-Lease tanks.


1st Guards Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union), History
The Corps had been re-designated the 1st Guards Mechanised Division by March 1946 and served in the Transcaucasian Military District before being reorganised as the 2nd Guards Motor Rifle Division in 1957, 2nd Guards MR Training in 1960, and then the 16th Guards MRD on 17 November 1964 (Military Unit Number 35695). On 18 August 1968 renamed 100th Guards Training Motorised Rifle Division. At some point afterwards, probably in the late 1980s, it was renamed the 171st Guards District Training Centre.


1st Guards Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union), History
On September 7, 1985, the division was named after Lieutenant General I.N. Russiyanov. Since 1987, the division began to be called the 171st Guards District Training Center (Military Unit Number 30105). It was based in Tbilisi throughout the postwar period. In June 1992, after the collapse of the USSR, it was disbanded. Remaining Russian units in that location gained the designation of the 137th Military Base.


1st Guards Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union), History
Yet that same month, the battle banner of the division, its honours and awards were transferred to the 212th District Training Centre in Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai, Far Eastern Military District (Military Unit 30672). Up until 1987 the 212th DTC had been the 49th Tank Training Division. With the change, the centre in Chita became the 212th Guards District Training Center "Vienna of the Orders of Lenin and Kutuzov," for junior specialists named after Lieutenant General I.N. Russiyanov.


1st Guards Motor Rifle Division
The 1st Guards Proletariat Moscow-Minsk Order of Lenin, twice Red Banner Orders of Suvorov (II) and Kutuzov (II) Motor Rifle Division (Russian: 1-я гвардейская мотострелковая Пролетарская Московско-Минская ордена Ленина, дважды Краснознаменная, орденов Суворова и Кутузова дивизия  (2-е формирование)) was a division of the Red Army and Russian Ground Forces active from c. 1918 to 2002.


1st Guards Motor Rifle Division, History, Interwar period
It was formed either in December 1924 or at the beginning of 1927 in the Moscow Military District, gaining the title of the "1st Moscow Proletariat Red Banner Rifle Division". Pavel Batov was a battalion and then regiment commander in the division in the late 1920s. In August 1939 it raised cadres for the 115th and 126th Rifle Divisions.


1st Guards Motor Rifle Division, History, Interwar period
In the mid 1930s the 1st Division was also the first to use modern headgear and weapons for the rising Red Army.


1st Guards Motor Rifle Division, History, World War II
It was re-raised from its single remaining regiment in September 1939 (second formation), and by January 1940 was re-formed as the 1st Moscow Motor Rifle Division. Training was complete 7 June 1940, and 1st Moscow Motor Rifle Division took part in Soviet occupation of the Baltic states since 15 June 1940, advancing from base in Polotsk and forward positions at Widze to Panevėžys 16 June 1940. After a month-long garrison duty in Panevėžys and 2-month long garrisoning of Daugavpils, the 1st Moscow Motor Rifle Division was returned to Russia. For the actions during Soviet occupation of the Baltic states, the 6th motorized rifle regiment was awarded Order of the Red Star 22 February 1941.


1st Guards Motor Rifle Division, History, World War II, Eastern Front (World War II)
5 August 1941, the 1st Moscow Motor Rifle Division was re-formed anew within 20th army, 18 August 1941 renamed "1st armoured division" and on September 21, 1941, it was renamed the "1st Guards Moscow Motor Rifle Division". The division was renamed (again) as the "1st Guards Rifle Division", in January 1943.


1st Guards Motor Rifle Division, Post war
The division was for all of the post-war period stationed in Kaliningrad. It formed part of the 11th Guards Army. It became the 1st Guards Moscow MRD (again) in 1957. Of the regiments of the war period, the 171st Guards was eliminated, but instead in March 1959 came the 12th Guards Motorised Rifle Regiment. Virtually all of the time the division was truncated.


1st Guards Motor Rifle Division, Post war
For much of the 1990s the 1st Guards MRD was reduced to a strength of only 4,400 men, but in 2002 was reduced in size again to the 7th Separate Guards Motor Rifle Brigade, and, circa 2009-10, was reduced yet again, this time renamed as the 7th Independent "Proletarian Moscow-Minsk" Guards Motorized Rifle Regiment of the Baltic Fleet (Russian: отдельный гвардейский Пролетарский Московско-Минский ордена Ленина дважды Краснознаменный орденов Суворова и Кутузова мотостерлковый полк БФ).


1st Guards Reserve Division (German Empire)
The 1st Guards Reserve Division (1. Garde-Reserve-Division) was a reserve infantry division of the Imperial German Army in World War I. It was a reserve formation of the Prussian Guards, the elite regiments raised throughout the Kingdom of Prussia. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 as part of the Guards Reserve Corps and dissolved in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after the Armistice.


1st Guards Reserve Division (German Empire)
The division saw action on both the Western and Eastern Fronts during World War I. It was not heavily engaged in the war's major well-known battles, but was rated by Allied intelligence as a dependable division willing to take losses to hold and retake the line.


1st Guards Reserve Division (German Empire), Order of battle on mobilization
On mobilization in August 1914, the reserves of the Prussian Guards were called up and formed into the 1st Guard Reserve Division. The 1st Guard Reserve Division's initial wartime organization was as follows:


1st Guards Reserve Division (German Empire), Order of battle on February 23, 1918
Divisions underwent many changes during the war, with regiments moving from division to division, and some being destroyed and rebuilt. During the war, most divisions became triangular - one infantry brigade with three infantry regiments rather than two infantry brigades of two regiments (a "square division"). An artillery commander replaced the artillery brigade headquarters, the cavalry was further reduced, the engineer contingent was increased, and a divisional signals command was created. The 1st Guard Reserve Division's order of battle on February 23, 1918, was as follows:


1st Guards Rocket Brigade
The 1st Guards Orshanskaya Orders of Suvorov and Kutuzov Rocket Brigade (Military Unit Number (v/ch) 31853) is a missile formation of the Russian Ground Forces. The formation is based in the city of Goryachy Klyuch, Krasnodar Krai. It is part of the 49th Combined Arms Army of the Southern Military District.


1st Guards Rocket Brigade
The brigade traces its history to July 1920. That year, a heavy artillery divizion (artillery battalion) was formed, which became part of the 48th Rifle Division. Later it was reorganized into a cannon artillery regiment and then into the 14th Guards Heavy Cannon Artillery Brigade on June 25, 1943, as part of the 4th Guards Heavy Cannon Artillery Division. The regiment received its baptism of fire at the village of Vainikola in June 1941.


1st Guards Rocket Brigade
In July 1943, for showing courage in the battles against the Nazi invaders the brigade was ranged among the Guards. A year later, in July 1944, for the capture of Orsha, an important railway junction, 14th Guards Heavy Cannon Artillery Brigade was given the honorary name "Orsha". On February 19, 1945, by the Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the brigade was awarded the Order of Kutuzov 2nd degree for the exemplary performance of combat missions. May 17, 1945 for its heroism during the capture of the fortress of Konigsberg the brigade was awarded the Order of Suvorov.


1st Guards Rocket Brigade
Until 1960, the brigade remained the 14th Guards Cannon Artillery Brigade. In 1960 the 114th Guards Rocket Brigade was activated at Dolgorukovo, Kaliningrad Oblast, with SS-1 Scud missiles. In the last years of the Soviet Union, the brigade was designated the 114th Guards Rocket Brigade and was part of Northern Group of Forces in Poland. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the brigade served with 67th Army Corps in the Caucasus.


1st Guards Rocket Brigade
In 2000 the brigade had 310 personnel, Tochka. In August 2008 the brigade took part in the war in South Ossetia. 2009: 12 Tochka-U. In 2011 4 Iskander launchers were delivered. 09.2012 Kavkaz-2012, launched Iskander. Total: 12 9K720 Iskander.


1st Guards Special Rifle Corps
The 1st Guards Special Rifle Corps (Russian: 1-й особый гвардейский стрелковый корпус 1-ĭ osobyĭ gvardyeĭskiĭ strelkovyĭ korpus) was a hastily formed Red Army blocking formation active briefly in 1941, during the German advance on Moscow.


1st Guards Special Rifle Corps
The Corps was created on 4 October 1941 by special request of the STAVKA supreme command, in an area of the city of Mtsensk (the Oryol Oblast). Initially its structure included the 6th Guards Rifle Division, 5th Airborne Corps, 4th Tank Brigade, 11th Tank Brigade, the Tula military school, several Border Guard Regiments, two artillery regiments, two rocket artillery battalions and the 6th reserve aviation group. Major General Dmitri Lelyushenko was appointed the commander of the corps. The corps was given several tasks: to destroy the nearby enemy, to break through into Oryol, to slow the progress of the German tank armies, and to block the way to Tula.


1st Guards Special Rifle Corps
The Soviet government and STAVKA command highly valued the efforts and sacrifices of the 1st Guards Rifle Corps in the Oryol-Bryansk defensive operation, which took place from 4 to 18 October 1941. On 11 November the National Commissioner of Defense renamed the 4th Tank Brigade, which played a vital role in the battle of Mtsensk, the 1st Guards tank brigade. The Commander of the brigade, Colonel Mikhail Katukov, was eventually promoted to commander of the Soviet 1st Guards Tank Army, and was twice awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union award.


1st Guards Special Rifle Corps
On 12 October 1941, by the order of STAVKA supreme command, the corps was transformed into the 26th Army. On 25 October 1941, its field HQ was disbanded, and its constituent formations were transferred to the 50th Army of the Bryansk Front.