1st Kansas Colored Infantry Regiment
The 1st Kansas Colored Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was the first black regiment to be organized in a northern state and the first black unit to see combat during the Civil War. At the Battle of Poison Spring, the regiment lost nearly half its number, and suffered the highest losses of any Kansas regiment during the war.


1st Kansas Colored Infantry Regiment, Service
The 1st Kansas Infantry (Colored) was organized by the work of Senator James Henry Lane at Fort Scott, Kansas and mustered in as a battalion of six companies on January 13, 1863 for three years. Four additional companies were recruited and mustered in between January 13 and May 2, 1863. It mustered in under the command of Colonel James M. Williams.


1st Kansas Colored Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was recruited without federal authorization and against the wishes of Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton. James H. Lane, recruiting commissioner for Kansas territory north of the Kansas River, on August 4, 1862, authorized raising the regiment. Recruiting officials enlisted black men across eastern Kansas, most of whom were former, or runaway, slaves from Missouri. It was the first African-American regiment to see combat during the Civil War, in the skirmish at Island Mound, in Bates County, Missouri, in October 1862. The regiment's Company D had three black officers, William D. Matthews and his two lieutenants, Henry Copeland and Patrick Minor, who were not allowed commissions as officers when the regiment was formally mustered into the Union army.


1st Kansas Colored Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to Department of Kansas to June 1863. District of the Frontier, Department of Missouri, to January 1864. Unattached, District of the Frontier, VII Corps, Department of Arkansas, to March 1864. 2nd Brigade, District of the Frontier, VII Corps, to December 1864.


1st Kansas Colored Infantry Regiment, Service
Maj. Gen. James G. Blunt, commander of the Union forces at the Battle of Honey Springs was particularly impressed by the performance of the 1st Kansas Colored Infantry at that engagement. They repulsed a Confederate charge, inflicting many casualties, and, after Colonel Williams was badly wounded, continued to fight and made an orderly withdrawal. Afterwards, he wrote: "I never saw such fighting as was done by the Negro regiment.... The question that negroes (sic) will fight is settled; besides they make better soldiers in every respect than any troops I have ever had under my command."


1st Kansas Colored Infantry Regiment, Service
The 1st Kansas Colored Infantry ceased to exist on December 13, 1864, when it became a U.S. Army unit and its designation was changed to the 79th Regiment Infantry U.S. Colored Troops. Also attached to the regiment at some point was Armstrong's Battery Light Artillery, a unit for which few details are known.


1st Kansas Colored Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Duty in the Department of Kansas October 1862, to June 1863. Action at Island Mound, Missouri, October 27, 1862. Island Mound, Kansas, October 29. Butler, Missouri, November 28. Ordered to Baxter Springs April 1863. Scout from Creek Agency to Jasper County, Missouri, May 16–19 (detachment). Sherwood, Missouri, May 18. Bush Creek May 24. Near Fort Gibson May 28. Shawneetown, Kansas, June 6 (detachment). March to Fort Gibson, Cherokee Nation, June 27-July 5, with supply train. Action at Cabin Creek July 1–2. the Battle of Honey Springs, July 17. At Fort Gibson until September. Lawrence, Kansas, July 27 (detachment).


1st Kansas Colored Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Near Sherwood August 14 Moved to Fort Smith, Arkansas, October, then to Roseville December, and duty there until March 1864. Horse Head Creek February 12, 1864. Roseville Creek March 20. Steele's Camden Expedition March 23-May 3. Prairie D'Ann April 9–12. Poison Springs April 18. Jenkins' Ferry April 30. March to Fort Smith, Arkansas, May 3–16, and duty there until December. Fort Gibson, September 16. Cabin Creek September 19. Timber Hill November 19.


1st Kansas Colored Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost at least 344 men during service; 5 officers and 173 enlisted men were killed or mortally wounded, 1 officer and 165 enlisted men died of disease. No other Kansas regiment lost more men than the 1st Kansas Colored Volunteer Infantry.


1st Kansas Colored Infantry Regiment, In popular culture
In 2011, quilt artist and educator Marla Jackson worked with junior high students in Lawrence, Kansas, to produce a collaborative and commemorative quilt on the topic of the 1st Kansas Infantry. The quilt, along with several others by Jackson that evoked similar themes, was displayed at the Spencer Museum of Art.


1st Kansas Infantry Regiment
The 1st Kansas Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. On August 10, 1861, at the Battle of Wilson's Creek, Missouri, the regiment suffered 106 soldiers killed in action or mortally wounded, one of the highest numbers of fatalities suffered by any Union infantry regiment in a single engagement during the American Civil War.


1st Kansas Infantry Regiment, Service
The 1st Kansas Volunteer Infantry Regiment was organized at Camp Lincoln near Leavenworth, Kansas from May 20 to June 30, 1861, the greatest number of men being recruited between May 20 and June 3. It then mustered in for three years' service under the command of Colonel George Washington Deitzler. The regiment moved to Wyandotte County, Kansas, then to Kansas City, Missouri and Clinton, Missouri, to join General Lyon, June 7-July 13, 1861.


1st Kansas Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Action at Dug Springs, Missouri August 2. At Springfield, Missouri, until August 7. Battle of Wilson's Creek August 10. March to Rolla, Missouri, August 11–22, then to St. Louis, Missouri, and duty on the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad until October. Duty at Tipton, Missouri, guarding the Missouri Pacific Railroad, October 1861 to January 1862. Expedition to Milford, Missouri, December 15–19, 1861. Shawnee Mound, Milford, December 18. At Lexington, Missouri until February 1862. Moved to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, in anticipation of General Curtis' New Mexico Expedition April and May. Service with McPherson's Brigade.


1st Kansas Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Ordered to Columbus, Kentucky, and duty guarding Mobile and Ohio Railroad. Headquarters at Trenton, Tennessee, until September. Brownsburg September 4. Trenton, September 17. Moved to Jackson, Tennessee, and duty there until November. March to relief of Corinth, Mississippi, October 3–5. Pursuit to Ripley, Mississippi October 5–12. Actions at Chewalla, Tennessee and Big Hill October 5. Moved to Grand Junction, Tennessee November 2. Operations on the Mississippi Central Railroad to the Yocknapatalfa River November 1862 to January 1863. Service in Vicksburg Campaign and Grant's Central Mississippi Campaign.


1st Kansas Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Moved to Moscow, Tennessee, then to Memphis, Tennessee, and to Young's Point, Louisiana, January 17, 1863. Regiment mounted February 1, 1863. Moved to Lake Providence, Louisiana February 8, and provost duty there until July. Actions at Old River, Hood's Lane, Black Bayou, Mississippi and near Lake Providence February 10. Pin Hook and Caledonia, Bayou Macon, May 10. Expedition to Mechanicsburg May 26-June 4. Repulse of attack on Providence in Battle of Lake Providence June 9. Baxter's Bayou and Lake Providence June 10. Bayou Macon June 10. Battle of Richmond, Louisiana, June 15, 1863. Richmond, Louisiana June 16.


1st Kansas Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Battle of Goodrich's Landing near Lake Providence June 29. Moved to Natchez, Mississippi July 12–13, and duty there until October. Expedition to Harrisonburg, Louisiana, September 1–8. Cross Bayou September 14. Moved to Vicksburg, Mississippi, October, and duty at Big Black River and near Haynes' Bluff until June, 1864. Skirmish at Big Black River, October 8, 1863. Scout from Bovina Station to Baldwyn's Ferry November 1. Scout to Baldwyn's Ferry January 14, 1864. Expedition up Yazoo River April 19–23. McArthur's Yazoo City Expedition to Yazoo City, Mississippi May 4–21. Benton, Mississippi May 7–9. Luce's Plantation May 13.


1st Kansas Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Ordered to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, June 1, 1864. Attacked on riverboat W. R. Arthur near Columbia, Arkansas, June 2. Mustered out June 19, 1864. Additional Service by veteran volunteer companies. Veterans on duty in District of Vicksburg, Mississippi, until August 1864. Ordered to Morganza, Louisiana, July 29. Operations in vicinity of Morganza September 16–25. Near Alexandria, Louisiana September 20. Skirmish near the Atchafalaya River October 4, 1864. Atchafalaya October 5. Ordered to White River, Arkansas, October 7, then to Little Rock, Arkansas, December 7. Duty there as Headquarters Guard and escort, Department of Arkansas, until August 1865. Veteran volunteers mustered out August 30, 1865.


1st Kansas Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 252 men during service; 7 officers and 120 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 3 officers and 122 enlisted men died of disease.


1st Kansas Militia Infantry Regiment
The 1st Kansas Militia Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


1st Kansas Militia Infantry Regiment, Service
The 1st Kansas Militia Infantry was called into service on October 9, 1864. It was disbanded on October 29, 1864.


1st Kansas Militia Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
The unit was called into service to defend Kansas against Major General Sterling Price's raid.


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers
The 1st Kent Artillery Volunteers was a part-time unit of the British Army's Royal Artillery from 1860 to 1956. Primarily serving as coastal artillery defending the Port of Dover and other harbours in South-East England, the unit's successors also served in the heavy artillery role on the Western Front during World War I and as anti-aircraft artillery during the Blitz and later in the North African and Italian campaigns of World War II.


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, Origin
Many Volunteer units were raised in Great Britain as a result of an invasion scare in 1859. These small independent units were quickly organised into larger groupings, and the 1st Administrative Brigade of Kent Artillery Volunteers was formed in August 1860. It comprised the following Corps:


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, Reorganisation
A reorganisation in May 1880 saw the Plumstead and Woolwich units become independent, and the remaining Corps were consolidated as the 1st Kent Artillery Volunteer Corps (1st KAVC) with HQ at Gravesend and eleven batteries provided as follows:


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, Reorganisation
All artillery vounteers were attached to one of the territorial divisions of the Royal Artillery (TA) in 1882 with the 1st KAVC joining the Cinque Ports Division. In 1887 the unit was redesignated the 3rd Volunteer (Kent) Brigade, Cinque Ports Division, RA, but this title only lasted until the Cinque Ports Division was disbanded in 1889, when the unit transferred to the Eastern Division and became the 1st Kent Artillery Volunteer Corps (Eastern Division, RA).


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, Reorganisation
By 1892, the Kent Artillery Volunteer Corps were organised as follows:


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, Reorganisation
In 1889, the Artillery Volunteers became part of the Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA), and when the territorial divisions were abolished the 1st KAVC was designated 1st Kent Brigade RGA (Volunteers) from 1 January 1902.


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, Territorial Force
When the Volunteers were subsumed into the new Territorial Force (TF) under the Haldane Reforms of 1908, the 1st Kent Brigade provided the Home Counties (Kent) Heavy Battery, RGA, including its ammunition column, and three companies of the Kent and Sussex Royal Garrison Artillery. However, this unit was broken up in 1910, the Kent batteries becoming the Kent RGA and the Sussex batteries forming a separate Sussex RGA.


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, Territorial Force
The Home Counties (Kent) Heavy Battery was based at Beaton Street, Faversham, with its ammunition column at Chatham. Equipped with four 4.7-inch guns it formed part of the Home Counties Division of the TF.


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, Territorial Force
The Kent RGA was a 'defended ports' unit organised as follows:


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, Territorial Force
Nos 1 and 2 Companies formed part of Eastern Coast Defences at Chatham, while No 3 Company was in South Eastern Coast Defences at Dover.


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, World War I, Mobilisation
On the outbreak of war on 4 August 1914, the Kent RGA went to its war stations manning the coast artillery and the Heavy Battery mobilised at Faversham. After mobilisation, units of the TF were invited to volunteer for Overseas Service, and on 15 August the War Office issued instructions to separate those men who had signed up for Home Service only, and form these into reserve units.


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, World War I, Mobilisation
On 31 August, the formation of a reserve or 2nd Line unit was authorised for each 1st Line unit where 60 per cent or more of the men had volunteered for Overseas Service. The titles of these 2nd Line units would be the same as the original, but distinguished by a '2/' prefix. In this way, duplicate battalions, brigades and divisions were created, mirroring those TF formations being sent overseas. Thus were formed the 1/1st and 2/1st Home Counties (Kent) Heavy Bys.


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, World War I, Mobilisation
The Home Counties Division accepted the liability for service in India to release the regular units of the garrison there for active service on the Western Front. However, heavy artillery was not required for India, so when the division departed on 30 October, the 1/1st Bty stayed behind with the 2nd Home Counties Division that was being formed.


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 1/1st Home Counties (Kent) Heavy Battery
The battery formally joined 2nd Home Counties Division on 30 October, and the division assembled in billets round Windsor, Berkshire during November. It was numbered 67th (2nd Home Counties) Division in August 1915. On 17 November, the 1/1st Bty left the division to equip for overseas service, and it landed at Le Havre on 29 December 1915, joining the XVI Heavy Brigade, RGA, on 31 December.


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 1/1st Home Counties (Kent) Heavy Battery
The battery (normally referred to as the 1/1st Kent Heavy Bty) transferred to the 48th Heavy Artillery Group (HAG) on 25 April 1916.


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 1/1st Home Counties (Kent) Heavy Battery, Gommecourt
48th Heavy Artillery Group was assigned to the Attack on the Gommecourt Salient in the forthcoming 'Big Push' (the Battle of the Somme). Positioned near Berles-au-Bois, north of Gommecourt, its main role was counter-battery fire to destroy the German guns, although its 4.7-inch guns could not actually reach the German heavy gun positions in the rear. The planned seven-day bombardment of the German positions began on 24 June but 48th HAG did not participate in this programme on the first three days (U, V and W Days), only carrying out some 'night line' harassing fire into German-held villages.


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 1/1st Home Counties (Kent) Heavy Battery, Gommecourt
The 4.7-inch guns joined in the bombardment programme at dawn on 27 June (X Day), firing into the village of Bucquoy at 06.00. However, accuracy was poor: when the Kent battery fired 30 shells at German Battery position 504 at 11.04, only three were on target. Later the guns practised a six-minute hurricane bombardment on the German positions. Y Day was spent shelling German gun positions, but the weather was poor for observation. Because of the weather, the attack was postposed for two days, and the additional days (Y1 and Y2) were used for further bombardment. On Y2, 48th HAG engaged 18 separate targets, and 1/1st Kent Bty fired 228 rounds, but this was far below the 400 per battery permitted, because of difficulties of observation. Many of these rounds were wide of their intended targets.


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 1/1st Home Counties (Kent) Heavy Battery, Gommecourt
On Z Day (1 July), the entire artillery supporting 56th Division fired a 65-minute bombardment of the German front, starting at 06.25. At 07.30 the guns lifted onto their pre-arranged targets in the German support and reserve lines as the infantry got out of their forward trenches and advanced towards Gommecourt. At first this went well for 56th Division. Despite casualties from the German counter-bombardment on their jumping-off trenches, the smoke and morning mist helped the infantry, and they reached the German front line with little loss and moved on towards the second and reserve lines.


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 1/1st Home Counties (Kent) Heavy Battery, Gommecourt
The artillery Observation Posts (OPs) reported the signboards erected by the leading waves to mark their progress. However, the OPs themselves came under attack from the German counter-bombardment, which prevented supplies and reinforcements crossing No man's land to reaching the leading waves who had entered the German trenches. The heavy guns tried to suppress the German artillery, but the commander of 56th Division commented that although 'our counter-batter groups engaged a large number of German batteries – the results were not apparent'. By mid-afternoon, the division's slight gains were being eroded by German counter-attacks, and all the remaining gains had to be abandoned after dark.


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 1/1st Home Counties (Kent) Heavy Battery, Later war
Over the next two years, the 1/1st Kent Bty was moved from one HAG to another as circumstances demanded. On 12 February 1917, the battery was joined by a section of 118th Heavy Bty RGA to make it up to a strength of six guns. The 118th Heavy Bty was a regular unit formed at Woolwich shortly after the outbreak of war and had been in France with 4.7-inch guns since 6 November 1914. By now, the heavy batteries on the Western Front were adopting the modern 60-pounder in place of the obsolete 4.7-inch.


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 1/1st Home Counties (Kent) Heavy Battery, Later war
In late 1917, the policy was changed, and HAGs became permanent formations. 1/1st Kent Bty joined the 92nd HAG on 13 January 1918 and remained with it until the end of the war. On 1 February 1918, the HAGs became Brigades once more, and 92nd became 92nd (Mobile) Brigade, RGA, composed of four six-gun batteries of 60-pounders, and joined First Army on the same day.


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 1/1st Home Counties (Kent) Heavy Battery, Later war
During the German spring offensive of March 1918, the 92nd (M) Bde was sent to reinforce the hard-pressed Third Army, and remained with it until the Armistice with Germany on 11 November 1918.


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 1/1st Home Counties (Kent) Heavy Battery, Later war
After the German offensive was halted, the Allies went over to the attack in the Hundred Days Offensive, which gathered pace once the St Quentin Canal had been crossed. Mobile heavy guns had to be moved up to support the successive attacks. On 8 October, 92nd (M) Bde was assigned to counter-battery fire to support IV Corps' attack (the Battle of Cambrai (1918)).


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 1/1st Home Counties (Kent) Heavy Battery, Later war
For Third Army's attack on the River Selle, 92nd Bde was again attached to IV Corps Artillery. Now there was no long preliminary bombardment, instead a surprise attack was made at 02.00 on 20 October under a full moon. During the October fighting heavy guns were not used on the towns to avoid casualties among French civilians, but the 60-pounders were used to 'search' roads and forest clearings. Again, on 4 November, at the Battle of the Sambre, 92nd (M) Bde supported IV Corps in a complex fire programme to assist 37th Division and the New Zealand Division in capturing the old fortress of Le Quesnoy.


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 2/1st Home Counties (Kent) Heavy Battery
The battery formally separated from 1/1st Bty on 26 December 1914, but it was January 1916 before it received its guns. Even then, vital equipment such as sights were still lacking. 67th (2nd Home Counties) Division had a dual role of training drafts for units serving overseas and at the same time being part of the mobile force responsible for home defence. From November 1915 it formed part of Second Army, Central Force, quartered in Kent with 2/1st Bty at Ightham.


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 2/1st Home Counties (Kent) Heavy Battery
In September 1916, the battery moved to Mundesley in Norfolk, where it joined 4th Provisional Brigade. Provisional brigades were TF home defence formations composed of men who had not signed up for overseas service, but after the Military Service Act 1916 swept away the Home/Foreign service distinction all TF soldiers became liable for overseas service, if medically fit. The Provisional Brigades' role thus expanded to include physical conditioning to render men fit for drafting overseas. The 4th Provisional Brigade became the 224th Mixed Brigade in December 1916 ('mixed' in this context indicating a formation of infantry and artillery with supporting units).


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 2/1st Home Counties (Kent) Heavy Battery
At the time of the Armistice, 2/1st Battery was still at Mundesley as part of 224th Mixed Bde.


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, World War I, Kent RGA
The Imperial German Navy only carried out 12 bombardments of British coastal targets during World War I, so most of the extensive coastal defences were never tested. Kent was, however, an exception to the inactivity, and the ports of Margate, Broadstairs, Ramsgate and Dover were bombarded in April 1917 (the Second Battle of the Dover Strait), and Dover was shelled again (the last such bombardment of the war) on 16 February 1918. The batteries at Ramsgate and Dover were engaged on these occasions.


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, World War I, Kent RGA
Nos 1 and 2 Companies of the Kent RGA, together with Regular RGA companies, manned the Kent side of the Thames and Medway Defences (No 12 Fire Command at Sheerness and No 13 Fire Command at Grain, while No 3 Company, Kent RGA, along with Nos 40 and 46 Companies, RGA, manned the Dover Defences (No 11 Fire Command). These were developed as the war progressed, until by April 1918 they comprised:


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, World War I, Kent RGA
Meanwhile, TF RGA companies that had volunteered for overseas service were supplying trained gunners to RGA units serving overseas and providing cadres to form complete new units for front line service. 134th Siege Battery formed at Dover in 1916 is known to have had a nucleus of men from the Kent and Sussex RGA units. This may also have been the case for some of the numerous other siege batteries formed at Dover during the war.


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, World War I, Kent RGA
This process meant a continual drain on the manpower of the defended ports units and in April 1917, the coastal defence companies of the RGA (TF) were reorganised. By this stage of the war, the Dover and Newhaven Defences of Eastern Command consisted of 1/3 and 2/3 Companies of the Kent RGA  and 1/1, 1/2, 2/1 and 2/2 Companies of the Sussex RGA. These six companies were reduced to just two (Nos 1 and 2 Companies, Sussex RGA), given a slightly higher establishment (five officers and 100 other ranks (ORs)), and the 1st and 2nd Line distinction was abolished. Nos 1 and 2 Kent Companies remained at Grain Fort and Grain Battery respectively.


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, Interwar, Kent Heavy Brigade
When the TF was reconstituted as the new Territorial Army (TA) in 1920, the Kent RGA was reformed in 1920, becoming the Kent Coast Brigade, RGA in 1921 and the Kent Heavy Brigade in 1924 when the RGA was subsumed into the Royal Artillery:


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, Interwar, Kent Heavy Brigade
The brigade was assigned to 44th Home Counties Divisional Area.


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, Interwar, Kent Heavy Brigade
In 1932, the brigade was split up. 166 (City of Rochester) Battery became an independent anti-aircraft (AA) battery, later joining 55th (Kent) AA Bde. 167 and 169 Batteries joined the Essex Heavy Brigade to form the Thames and Medway Heavy Brigade, RA, based at Rochester. The rest of the brigade merged with the single-battery Sussex Heavy Brigade to form the Kent and Sussex Heavy Brigade, RA:


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, Interwar, 205 (Chatham and Faversham) Battery
Meanwhile, the Home Counties (Kent) Heavy Battery was reconstituted as 205 (Chatham and Faversham) Medium Battery at Sittingbourne, later at the Drill Hall, Chatham. It formed part of 13th (Kent) Medium Brigade (formerly 4th Home Counties Brigade, Royal Field Artillery). This unit was soon redesignated 52nd (Kent) Medium Brigade, and in 1935 became 58th (Kent) Anti - Aircraft Brigade. The following year, 205 (Kent) AA Battery was transferred to 55th (Kent) AA Brigade (see above).


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, Interwar, 205 (Chatham and Faversham) Battery
Early in 1939, as part of the doubling of the strength of the TA after the Munich Crisis, 205 (Kent) Battery left 55th AA Regiment (as RA brigades were now termed) to join a new 89th (Cinque Ports) AA Regiment, which was forming as a duplicate of 75th (Cinque Ports) AA Regiment.


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, World War II, Kent and Sussex Heavy Regiment
On the outbreak of World War II, the regiment went to its war stations manning coastal guns under Dover Fire Command. After the Dunkirk evacuation, the coastal defence of South East England became a critical priority. On 14 July, the Kent and Sussex Heavy Regiment was split into three separate coast regiments, each of three batteries:


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, World War II, Kent and Sussex Heavy Regiment
In the autumn of 1940, 520th Rgt was stationed at Landguard Fort at Harwich, but had returned to Dover Citadel by the end of 1941.


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, World War II, Kent and Sussex Heavy Regiment, Defence of Dover
Dover was in range of German batteries mounted on the French coast and their first shells fell on Dover on 12 August 1940. Prime Minister Winston Churchill ordered the emplacement of long-range guns and by September two long-range Counter Bombardment (CB) fire commands were being added to the harbour defences, manned by the Royal Artillery and Royal Marines. Eventually, the coast artillery at Dover was developed as follows:


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, World War II, Kent and Sussex Heavy Regiment, Defence of Dover
Newhaven Fort had 4 x 6-inch and 2 x 12-pounder guns.


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, World War II, 166 (City of Rochester) Battery
At the start of World War II, 55th AA Regiment, including 166th (City of Rochester) Bty, was serving in Anti- Aircraft Command in the Heavy AA (HAA) role with 28th (Thames and Medway) Anti - Aircraft Brigade. During The Blitz 28th AA Bde guarded the Thames, Chatham and Dover in 6th AA Division. In 1941, the regiment left AA Command and became part of the War Office Reserve before sailing for the Middle East. It took part in the Allied invasion of Sicily in 1943 and the subsequent Italian Campaign, where in the absence of air attacks it frequently engaged ground targets in a medium artillery role. 55th (Kent) HAA Regiment was placed in suspended animation in 1946.


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, World War II, 205 (Kent) Battery
89th AA Regiment, including 205 (Kent) Bty, also served with 28th (Thames and Medway) AA Bde at the start of the war, but sailed for Egypt in December 1939. It then served with the Eighth Army in North Africa and Italy until it was placed in suspended animation in September 1944.


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, Postwar
521st Coast Regiment was placed in suspended animation in June 1945, and 519th and 520th Coast Regiments the following year. In 1947, when the TA was reconstituted, 520th Regiment was disbanded, while 519th and 521st were reformed as 410th (Kent) Coast Regiment and 411th (Sussex) Coast Regiment respectively. The Kent unit was organised as follows:


1st Kent Artillery Volunteers, Postwar
410 (Kent) Coast Regiment formed part of 101 Coast Brigade. In 1956, the regiment was converted to the infantry role and became 5th Battalion The Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment).


1st Kentucky Cavalry Regiment (Confederate)
The 1st Kentucky Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War; serving mostly in the Army of Tennessee. In late 1862 it was consolidated to constitute the 1st (3rd) Kentucky Cavalry, usually known as 3rd (Butler's) Kentucky Cavalry. The 3rd continued to served for the duration of the war.


1st Kentucky Cavalry Regiment (Confederate), Service
The 1st Kentucky Cavalry was organized at Bowling Green, Kentucky and was mustered into the Confederate States Army on October 28, 1861. Commanded by Colonel Benjamin Hardin Helm the regiment briefly served in the Orphan Brigade before being brigaded with the 8th Texas Cavalry under the overall command of Joseph Wheeler. In October 1862 the depleted regiment was reformed as battalion and consolidated with the newly organized 3rd Kentucky Cavalry of Col. J. Russell Butler. In this composition it continued to serve in the Army of Tennessee for the duration of the war; usually as part of the Kentucky Cavalry Brigade in Gen. Wheeler's Corps. It surrendered with the army near Bennett Place in North Carolina on April 26, 1865.


1st Kentucky Cavalry Regiment (Union)
The 1st Kentucky Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


1st Kentucky Cavalry Regiment (Union), Service
The 1st Kentucky Cavalry Regiment was organized at Liberty, Burkesville, and Monticello, Kentucky and mustered in for a three-year enlistment on October 28, 1861. It was mustered in under the command of Colonel Frank Lane Wolford.


1st Kentucky Cavalry Regiment (Union), Service
The regiment was attached to Thomas' Command, Camp Dick Robinson, Kentucky, to December 1861. 1st Division, Army of the Ohio, to March 1862. (5 companies attached to Garfield's 18th Brigade, Army of the Ohio, December 1861 to March 1862.) Unattached, Army of the Ohio, to September 1862. 1st Brigade, Cavalry Division, Army of the Ohio, to November 1862. Post Gallatin, Tennessee, Department of the Cumberland, to April 1863. District of Central Kentucky, Department of the Ohio, to June 1863. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, XXIII Corps, Army of the Ohio, to August 1863. Independent Cavalry Brigade, XXIII Corps, to November 1863. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, Cavalry Corps, Army of the Ohio, to May 1864. Independent Brigade, Cavalry Division, XXIII Corps, to August 1864. 4th Brigade, 1st Division, District of Kentucky, Department of the Ohio, to December 1864. Camp Nelson, Military District of Kentucky, to September 1865.


1st Kentucky Cavalry Regiment (Union), Service
The 1st Kentucky Cavalry mustered out of service at Camp Nelson on September 20, 1865.


1st Kentucky Cavalry Regiment (Union), Detailed service
Near Rockcastle Hills October 18, 1861. Camp Wild Cat October 21. Fishing Creek December 8. (5 companies sent to Prestonsburg, Kentucky, December 10 and Join Garfield. Garfield's operations against Humphrey Marshall December 23, 1861 to January 20, 1862. Middle Creek, near Prestonburg, January 10, 1862.) Near Logan's Cross Roads, Mill Springs, on Fishing Creek, January 19–20, 1862. Near Cumberland Gap February 14 (detachment). Big Creek Gap and Jacksboro March 14 (detachment). Reconnaissance to Cumberland Gap March 21–23 (1st Battalion). Moved to Nashville, Tennessee, April. Purdy and Lebanon May 5.


1st Kentucky Cavalry Regiment (Union), Detailed service
Duty at Shelbyville, Columbia, Mt. Pleasant, Lawrenceburg, Pulaski, and Murfreesboro, Tennessee, until August. March to Louisville, Kentucky, in pursuit of Bragg August 21-September 26. Capture of 3rd Georgia Cavalry at New Haven September 29. Pursuit of Bragg into Kentucky October 1–22. Near Perryville October 6–7. Battle of Perryville October 8. Danville October 11. Near Mountain Gap October 14 and 16. March to Nashville, Tennessee, October 22-November 7. Ordered to Kentucky, November. Operations against Morgan December 1862 to January 1863. Operations against Pegram, March 22-April 1. Danville March 24. Dutton's Hill, near Somerset, March 30.


1st Kentucky Cavalry Regiment (Union), Detailed service
Expedition to Monticello and operations in southeast Kentucky April 25-May 12. Howe's Ford, Weaver's Store, April 28. Monticello May 1. Neal Springs May. Near Mill Springs May 29. Monticello and Rocky Gap June 9. Saunders' raid in eastern Tennessee June 14–24. Lenoir June 19. Knoxville June 19–20. Strawberry Plains and Rogers' Gap June 20. Powder Springs Gap June 21. Columbia and Creelsborough June 29. Pursuit of Morgan July 2–26. Marrowbone, Burkesville, July 2. Columbia July 3. Martin's Creek July 10. Buffington's Island. Ohio, July 19. Near Lisbon July 26. Operation against Scott in eastern Kentucky.


1st Kentucky Cavalry Regiment (Union), Detailed service
Lancaster and Paint Lick Bridge July 31. Lancaster August 1. Smith's Shoals, Cumberland River, August 1. Burnside's campaign in eastern Tennessee August 16-October 17. Calhoun and Charleston September 25. Near Philadelphia September 27 and October 15. Philadelphia October 20. Motley's Ford, Little Tennessee River, November 4. Knoxville Campaign November 4-December 23. Marysville November 14. Little River November 14–15. Stock Creek November 15. Near Knoxville November 16. Siege of Knoxville November 17-December 5. Pursuit of Longstreet December 5–23. About Bean Station December 9–13. Operations about Dandridge January 16–17, 1864. Bend of Chucky River, near Dandridge, January 16. Dandridge January 17.


1st Kentucky Cavalry Regiment (Union), Detailed service
Flat and Muddy Creek January 26. Seviersville January 26. Near Fair Garden January 27. Moved to Mt. Sterling, Kentucky, February 17–26, and duty there reorganizing until April. March to Tunnel Hill, Georgia, May 1–12. Atlanta Campaign May to September. Demonstrations on Dalton May 9–13. Operations on line of Pumpkin Vine Creek and battles about Dallas, New Hope Church, and Allatoona Hills May 25-June 5. Operations about Marietta and against Kennesaw Mountain June 10-July 2. Lost Mountain June 10 and 15-17. Assault on Kennesaw June 27. Operations on line of Nickajack Creek July 2–5. Campbellton July 4.


1st Kentucky Cavalry Regiment (Union), Detailed service
On line of the Chattahoochie River July 5–17. About Atlanta July 22–27. Stoneman's raid to Macon July 27-August 6. Macon and Clinton July 30. Sunshine Church July 30–31. Ordered to Mt. Sterling, Kentucky, September. Duty at Camp Nelson, Kentucky, and at other points in Kentucky until December. Mustered out December 31, 1864. Veterans and recruits consolidated to a battalion of 3 companies and on duty at various points in Kentucky, operating against guerrillas and quieting country, until September 1865.


1st Kentucky Cavalry Regiment (Union), Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 344 men during service; 5 officers and 56 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 1 officer and 282 enlisted men died of disease.


1st Kentucky Infantry Regiment (Confederate)
The 1st Regiment Kentucky Volunteers, CSA was an infantry regiment that served in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It was the only Kentucky regiment in the Confederate service to serve in the Army of Northern Virginia.


1st Kentucky Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Service
The 1st Regiment Kentucky Volunteers, CSA was organized in August 1861, by consolidation of three battalions of Kentucky infantry, two stationed at Harper's Ferry, Virginia (now in West Virginia). One battalion, the 1st Kentucky Battalion (Duncan's) was under the command of Major Henry Blanton Duncan (b. 1827) and the 2nd Battalion of Kentucky Sharpshooters was under the command of Major John D. Pope. The 3rd Kentucky Battalion commanded by Major Benjamin M. Anderson had been stationed at Richmond, Virginia. All three battalions were consolidated into the 1st Regiment Kentucky Volunteers at Manassas Junction, Virginia. Majors Pope and Anderson were returned to their companies as captains. Duncan had resigned at Winchester in June of 1861. Col. Thomas Claiborne, of Tennessee, had assumed command of the 1st battalion until the formation of the regiment.


1st Kentucky Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Service
The regiment had ten companies. The two battalions arrived in Virginia at Harper's Ferry, later moving to Winchester. The two battalions moved with Joe Johnston's Army of the Shenandoah to join Beauregard's Army of the Potomac at Manassas Junction, but arrived the day following the First Battle of Bull Run under the command of Major Thomas Claiborne. With Duncan, who submitted his resignation on August 13, gone, the two battalions merged.


1st Kentucky Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Service
In August a third battalion of three companies, then around Newport News, Virginia, and augmented by a company of Kentuckians from the 1st Louisiana, were ordered by Richmond to join with the six companies then at Manassas Junction. Lt . Col. Thomas Hart Taylor was assigned command of the regiment on August 7, 1861. Taylor was later promoted to full colonel and remained in command until the unit was mustered out.


1st Kentucky Infantry Regiment (Confederate), Service
The regiment was assigned to a brigade under the command of J.E.B. Stuart and participated in the Battle of Dranesville at Dranesville, Virginia. In mid-1862, the regiment was ordered to Richmond and later participated in the Battle of Yorktown at Yorktown, Virginia. Following the battle, the 1st Kentucky Infantry was ordered back to Richmond where it remained until its twelve-month enlistment expired. The men were mustered out of service on May 13 and 14, 1862.


1st Kentucky Infantry Regiment (Union)
The 1st Kentucky Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


1st Kentucky Infantry Regiment (Union), Service
The 1st Kentucky Infantry Regiment was organized at Pendleton in Cincinnati, Ohio, March - April 1861 as a three-month regiment. Because the regiment was organized while Kentucky tried to remain neutral, it was not recognized until June 4, 1861, when it was reorganized and mustered in for a three-year enlistment under the command of Colonel James V. Guthrie. Although credited to Kentucky, the regiment was almost entirely composed by Ohio volunteers.


1st Kentucky Infantry Regiment (Union), Service
The regiment was ordered to the Kanawha Valley, Virginia, July 10, 1861, and attached to Kanawha Brigade, Western Virginia, to October 1861. District of the Kanawha, Western Virginia, to January 1862. 22nd Brigade, Army of the Ohio, to February 1862. 22nd Brigade, 4th Division, Army of the Ohio, to September 1862. 22nd Brigade, 4th Division, II Corps, Army of the Ohio, to November 1862. 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, Left Wing, XIV Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to January 1863. 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, XXI Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to October 1863. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, IV Corps, to June 1864.


1st Kentucky Infantry Regiment (Union), Service
The 1st Kentucky Infantry mustered out of service on June 18, 1864, at Covington, Kentucky.


1st Kentucky Infantry Regiment (Union), Detailed service
Campaign in western Virginia July to October 1861. March to Sissonville in rear of Wise, returning via Ravenswood and Charleston July 14–26. Moved to Gauley, arriving August 1. Moved to Camp Piatt, arriving August 25. Gauley Bridge August 28. Boone Court House September 1. Peytonia September 12. Moved to Raleigh September 20–27. Chapmansville September 25. Return to Gauley, arriving October 10. Operations in the Kanawha Valley October 19-November 16. Skirmish at Gauley Bridge October 28. Attack on Gauley by Floyd's Batteries November 1–9. Pursuit of Floyd November 10. Duty at Charleston December 4 to January 5, 1862.


1st Kentucky Infantry Regiment (Union), Detailed service
Ordered to Kentucky January 5, 1862. Camp near Bardstown January 24-February 13. March to Nashville, Tennessee, February 14-March 12, and to Savannah, Tennessee, March 13-April 5. Battle of Shiloh, April 6–7. Advance on and siege of Corinth, Mississippi, April 29-May 30. Phillips Creek, Widow Serratt's, May 21. Bridge Creek, before Corinth, May 28. Occupation of Corinth May 30. Pursuit to Booneville May 31-June 6. Buell's Campaign in northern Alabama and middle Tennessee June to August. March to Louisville, Kentucky, in pursuit of Bragg, August 21-September 25. Pursuit of Bragg to London, Kentucky, October 1–22. Battle of Perryville, October 8.


1st Kentucky Infantry Regiment (Union), Detailed service
Camp Wild Cat October 17. Nelson's Cross Roads October 18. Destruction of Salt Works at Goose Creek October 23–24. March to Nashville, Tennessee, October 24-November 9, and duty there until December 26. Advance on Murfreesboro December 26–30. Lavergne December 26–27. Battle of Stones River December 30–31, 1862 and January 1–3, 1863. Duty at Cripple Creek until June. Expedition to Woodbury April 2. Snow Hill, Woodbury, April 3. Tullahoma Campaign June 24-July 7. At Manchester July 9 to August 16. Passage of Cumberland Mountains and Tennessee River, and Chickamauga Campaign August 16-September 22. Pea Vine Creek September 10.


1st Kentucky Infantry Regiment (Union), Detailed service
Lee and Gordon's Mills September 11–13. Battle of Chickamauga, September 19–20. Siege of Chattanooga, September 24-October 27. Reopening Tennessee River October 26–29. Duty at Bridgeport, Alabama, until January 26, 1864. At Ooltewah, Georgia, until May 17, and at Resaca until May 29. Ordered to Kentucky May 29. Operations against Morgan's invasion of Kentucky May 31-June 18. Mt. Sterling June 9.


1st Kentucky Infantry Regiment (Union), Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 143 men during service; 60 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 1 officer and 82 enlisted men died of disease.


1st Kenya Rifles Battalion
1st Kenya Rifles is an infantry battalion of the Kenya Army. It is a descendant of the pre-independence Kenya British Army formation the Kings African Rifles that was formed before the First World War.


1st Kenya Rifles Battalion
As the country prepared for independence in 1962–63 the National Assembly of Kenya passed a bill (Kenya Bills 1963) to amend the status of Kenyan military forces. Three battalions of the KAR were in country (3, 5, and 11 KAR). Accordingly, former KAR units of them were transformed into Kenyan military forces and the newly independent Kenyan Government was legally empowered to assign names to them. This took effect from the time of the independence ceremonies, midnight, 12 December 1963. Thus 3 KAR, 5 KAR, and 11 KAR became 3 Kenya Rifles, 5 Kenya Rifles, and 11 Kenya Rifles.


1st Kenya Rifles Battalion
Mutinies by the Tanganyika Rifles and the Uganda Rifles in January 1964 set the stage for the unrest that took place within the Kenya Rifles. Faced with many of the same problems that confronted Kenyan soldiers, Tanganyikan and Ugandan soldiers won improved pay and the dismissal of expatriate British officers by threatening their newly sovereign politicians with violence. On the evening of 24 January 1964, the failure of the Kenyan Prime Minister to appear on television, where 11th Kenya Rifles junior soldiers had been expecting a televised speech and hoping for a pay rise announcement, caused the men to mutiny. Parsons says it is possible that the speech was only broadcast on the radio in the Nakuru area where Lanet Barracks, home of the battalion, was located. Kenyatta's government held two separate courts-martial for 43 soldiers.


1st Kenya Rifles Battalion
In the aftermath of the mutiny and following courts-martial, the 11th Kenya Rifles was disbanded.


1st Kenya Rifles Battalion
A new battalion, 1st Kenya Rifles, was created entirely from 340 Lanet soldiers who had been cleared of participation in the mutiny by the Kenyan Criminal Investigations Division (CID). Today this unit is based in Nanyuki, Central Kenya. The battalion is currently allied with The Light Infantry of the British Army.


1st King's Dragoon Guards
The 1st King's Dragoon Guards was a cavalry regiment in the British Army. The regiment was raised by Sir John Lanier in 1685 as the 2nd Queen's Regiment of Horse, named in honour of Queen Mary, consort of King James II. It was renamed the 2nd King's Own Regiment of Horse in 1714 in honour of George I. The regiment attained the title 1st King's Dragoon Guards in 1751. The regiment served as horse cavalry until 1937 when it was mechanised with light tanks. The regiment became part of the Royal Armoured Corps in 1939. After service in the First World War and the Second World War, the regiment amalgamated with the 2nd Dragoon Guards (Queen's Bays) in 1959 to form the 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards.


1st King's Dragoon Guards, History, Early history
The regiment was raised by Sir John Lanier in 1685 as Lanier's Regiment of Horse or the 2nd Queen's Regiment of Horse, named in honour of Queen Mary, consort of King James II, as part of the response to the Monmouth Rebellion.


1st King's Dragoon Guards, History, Early history
The regiment saw action at the Battle of the Boyne in July 1690 and the Battle of Aughrim in July 1691 during the Williamite War in Ireland. It also fought at the Battle of Blenheim in August 1704, the Battle of Ramillies in May 1706, the Battle of Oudenarde in July 1708 and the Battle of Malplaquet in September 1709 during the War of the Spanish Succession.


1st King's Dragoon Guards, History, Early history
The regiment was renamed the 2nd King's Own Regiment of Horse in 1714 in honour of George I. It saw action again at the Battle of Dettingen in June 1743 during the War of the Austrian Succession. The regiment was renamed the 1st King's Dragoon Guards in 1751. The regiment made a desperate charge which saved the army at the Battle of Corbach in July 1760 and then made another famous charge at the Battle of Warburg later that month during the Seven Years' War. The regiment charged again with devastating effect at the Battle of Waterloo in June 1815 during the Napoleonic Wars.


1st King's Dragoon Guards, History, Early history
The regiment took part in the response to the Indian Rebellion in 1857 as well as the Battle of Taku Forts in August 1860 and the capture of Peking during the Second Opium War. A detachment of the regiment was responsible for the capture of King Cetshwayo at the Battle of Ulundi in July 1879 during the Anglo-Zulu War and the regiment saw action again at the Battle of Laing's Nek in January 1881 during the First Boer War. The regiment was employed chasing the elusive General Christiaan de Wet in spring 1901 during the Second Boer War.


1st King's Dragoon Guards, History, The Habsburg connection
In March 1896 Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria became Colonel-in-Chief of the regiment. At the same time the double-headed Austrian eagle became the cap-badge of the regiment, and it adopted Radetzky March as its regimental march. On the occasion of his Diamond Jubilee on 2 December 1908, the Emperor instituted the Inhaber-Jubiläums-Medaille für Ausländer (Commander's Jubilee Medal for Foreigners) to celebrate his 60 years on the throne. Some of the 40 golden, 635 silver and 2000 bronze medals were awarded to officers and private soldiers in the regiment. The ceremonial helmet with the badge of the 1st King's Dragoon Guards which was given to Emperor Franz Joseph I on his appointment as colonel-in-chief is now on display at the Museum of Military History, Vienna.


1st King's Dragoon Guards, History, First World War
The regiment, which had been was stationed at Lucknow in India at the start of the war, landed at Marseille as part of the 8th (Lucknow) Cavalry Brigade in the 1st Indian Cavalry Division in November 1914 for service on the Western Front. The regiment saw action at the Battle of Festubert in May 1915, the Second Battle of Ypres also in May 1915 and the Battle of Morval in September 1916 but returned to India in October 1917.


1st King's Dragoon Guards, History, Third Anglo-Afghan War
The regiment remained in garrison at Meerut until October 1918 when it exchanged stations with 21st (Empress of India's) Lancers and moved to Risalpur. On 2 May 1919 Afghan troops seized control of wells on the Indian side of the border. The Afghan Amir Amanullah was warned to withdraw, but his answer was to send more troops to reinforce those at the wells and to move other Afghan units to various points on the frontier. The regiment was mobilised on 6 May and formed part of the British Indian Army's 1st (Risalpur) Cavalry Brigade.


1st King's Dragoon Guards, History, Third Anglo-Afghan War
It served throughout the Third Anglo-Afghan War and saw action at the Khyber Pass. At Dakka – a village in Afghan territory, north west of the Khyber Pass – on 16 May, the regiment made one of the last recorded charges by a British horsed cavalry regiment as it was already apparent the old world would be giving way to mechanisation.


1st King's Dragoon Guards, History, Second World War
The regiment took part in all the major battles of the North African Campaign including the Relief of Tobruk in November 1941. The regiment, then serving as the armoured car reconnaissance regiment of Lieutenant General Richard McCreery's X Corps, landed at Salerno during the Allied invasion of Italy in September 1943 against concentrated enemy opposition and were the first Allied unit into the city of Naples in early October 1943.


1st King's Dragoon Guards, History, Second World War
The Welsh writer Norman Lewis, in his celebrated account of life in Naples claimed that the King's Dragoon Guards was the first British unit to reach Naples in 1943, and that many of its officers immediately went on a looting spree, cutting paintings from their frames in the prince's palace. The regiment later took part in the Battle for Monte la Difensa in December 1943 and the advance to the Gothic Line in late 1944.


1st King's Dragoon Guards, History, Post-war
The regiment was posted to Palestine in September 1945 and to Libya in January 1947 before being deployed on home duties at Omagh, Northern Ireland in February 1948. The regiment moved to Adams Barracks in Rahlstedt in November 1951 and to Mcleod Barracks in Neumünster in April 1953. In 1956 the regiment was sent on active service in Malaya during the Emergency: during this time the regiment took part in counter-insurgency operations in both mounted operations (armoured cars) and on foot in the dense jungles operating from a base at Johor Bahru. The regiment merged with the Queen's Bays (2nd Dragoon Guards) in 1959 to form the 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards.


1st King's Dragoon Guards, Regimental museum
The regimental collection is displayed at Firing Line: Cardiff Castle Museum of the Welsh Soldier in Cardiff.


1st King's Mounted Rifles
The 1st King's Mounted Rifles were a light cavalry regiment of the Royal Prussian Army from 1901 to 1918. When the Imperial German Army was reorganized as the Reichsheer, 'A Squadron'/'10th Horse' became bearer of the regiment's tradition.


1st King's Mounted Rifles
The 1st King's Mounted Rifles belonged to the V Army Corps and was garrisoned in Posen. When the regiment was mobilized in 1914 it formed 10th Cavalry Brigade. Colonel-in-Chief of the regiment was Wilhelm II, German Emperor who was also the King of Prussia, hence the title King's.


1st Kings
1st Kings was an electoral district in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island, which elected two members to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1873 to 1993.


1st Kings
The district comprised the easternmost portion of Kings County. It was abolished in 1996.


1st Kisei
The 1st Kisei was the birth of a new Go tournament. Since this was the first year of the tournament, there was no set challenger or holder. From the 2nd edition on, there has been a playoff between challengers. At the time, it was the highest paying tournament there had ever been, and would be until the creation of the Ing Cup. Fujisawa Hideyuki's win would mark the beginning of a six-year defense of the Kisei title from 1977 to 1982.


1st Kisei, Tournament
Cho Chikun was eliminated in the preliminary stages by Yutaka Shiraishi. Eleven players competed in the main tournament: Yoshio Ishida, Masaki Takemiya Honinbo, Utaro Hashimoto, Eio Sakata and Hideo Otake Meijin were seeded into the quarter-finals. Masao Kato Judan, Hideyuki Fujisawa Tengen, Shuzo Ohira, Koichi Kobayashi, Rin Kaiho and Yutaka Shiraishi were matched up in the first round.


1st Kisei, Tournament
Hideyuki and Utaro reached the best of seven finals. Hideyuki took the first game, but lost the second. He then won three in a row and won his first of six straight titles.


1st Ko Si 3rd
1st Ko Si 3rd (also known as Third Is My First)  is a 2014 Filipino comedy-drama film written and directed by Real Florido and produced by Anter San Agustin under Firestarters Productions. The film was an official selection to the 2014 Cinemalaya Independent Film Festival under the New Breed Category. It stars Nova Villa, Freddie Webb, Ken Chan, Dante Rivero, RJ Agustin and Denise Barbacena.


1st Ko Si 3rd, Plot
A woman is looking forward to settling into a long retirement with her husband. But she quickly grows restless, and when an old flame suddenly turns up, she comes to reassess her past.


1st Korea Drama Awards
The 1st Korea Drama Awards (Korean: 코리아 드라마 어워즈) is an awards ceremony for excellence in television in South Korea. It was held in Jinju, South Gyeongsang Province in September 2007. The nominees were chosen from Korean dramas that aired from October 1, 2006 to September 30, 2007.


1st Kostrad Infantry Division
The 1st Infantry Division (Indonesian: Divisi Infanteri 1 Kostrad) abbreviated "Divif 1/Kostrad", is an army strategic command division of the Indonesian Army. The divisional commander is a two-star major general.


1st Kostrad Infantry Division
The division was founded on 22 December 1965 as the Airborne Component of the Army Strategic Command (Komando Tempur Lintas Udara Kostrad).


1st Kostrad Infantry Division
The division contains multiple army combat units including infantry (Airborne, Mechanized, and Raider), Cavalry (now can be categorized as Armor units), Artillery, and other support units. It is known as a Combined arms division.


1st Krajina Corps
1st Krajina Corps (Serbian: 1. крајишки корпус, 1. krajiški korpus) was one of the seven corps of the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS). Before implementation into the Army of Republika Srpska the corps was known as 5th Corps of Yugoslav People's Army or Banja Luka Corps. Because of this fact it was successor of the infrastructure, organization and most of the equipment. Main task of the corps was to defend western parts of Republika Srpska, today these area is mostly part of Banja Luka region. It was most numbered corps of VRS with between 51.000 and 60.000 soldiers. During the War in Bosnia and Herzegovina 6.997 died, 27.176 wounded and 1.031 soldiers are missing.


1st Krajina Corps, Organization
Headquarters of the 1st Krajina Corps was in Banja Luka. After the establishing of the corps, corps remained in previous 5th Corps organization which was actual during 1992. Responsibility zone of the 1st Krajina Corps was determined by rivers Sava, Una, Ukrina, Ugar and mountains Majdanska and Vlašić.


1st Kraków Grenadier Regiment
1st Kraków Grenadier Regiment (Polish: 1 Regiment Grenadierów Krakowskich) was a scythemen regiment of the insurrection army during the Kościuszko Uprising in 1794.


1st Kraków Grenadier Regiment, History
Both 1st and 2nd regiments were formed in 1794 after battle of Racławice out of all the remaining scythemen who stayed with the insurrect army after the battle. Soldiers of the regiments wore rogatywka peaked caps, navy blue jackets with green revers and czechczery or white broadcloth-made trousers. The units were equipped with 300 rifles and never reached the planned number of soldiers or unitary look of the uniforms.


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment
The First Krechowce Uhlan Regiment was a mounted unit of the Polish Army, active in the Second Polish Republic. Its traditions were continued during World War II, by a regiment of the same name, which was part of Polish Armed Forces in the West. 1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment was formed in 1915, as a unit of the Imperial Russian Army. It fought in World War I, Polish–Soviet War and the Invasion of Poland, as part of Suwalska Cavalry Brigade. Until 1939, the regiment was stationed in Augustów. It ceased to exist in 1947. First commandant of the regiment was a Tsarist officer of Polish ethnicity, Colonel Bolesław Mościcki, who was killed in 1918 near Luninets. Last commandant was Colonel Leon Strzelecki.


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment
First Uhlan Regiment was formed in 1915, as part of Imperial Russian Army’s Puławy Legion. To commemorate its first victorious battle against German forces, the Battle of Krechowce, which took place on July 24, 1917, the Regiment was named after the village of Krechowce near Stanisławów. Dissolved in May 1918, it was recreated in November of the same year by the Regency Council. From December 1918 until August 1919, it fought in the Polish–Ukrainian War, making itself famous after the defence of Gródek Jagielloński. In early 1920, the Regiment was transferred to Pomerelia, where it took place in the so-called Poland's Wedding to the Sea (Puck, February 10, 1920).


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment
During the Polish–Soviet War of 1919 - 1921, the Regiment fought mostly in Volhynia, engaging in a number of battles and skirmishes against 1st Cavalry Army of Semyon Budyonny. After the war, in spring 1921, it occupied former barracks of Imperial Russian Army in northern town of Augustów, where it remained until 1939. During the Invasion of Poland, the Regiment, as part of Suwalska Cavalry Brigade, fought on until October 6, 1939, taking part in the Battle of Kock.


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment
In the second half of 1941, the Regiment was recreated as part of Polish Armed Forces in the East, the so-called Anders' Army. In mid-1942, after the Army of Władysław Anders had left the Soviet Union, the Regiment was renamed into First Regiment of Armoured Cavalry, and in September 1942 was sent for training to British Iraq, where it remained until October 1943. After the return to Palestine, the Regiment was equipped with M4 Sherman tanks, completing its training in December 1943 in Egypt.


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment
During the Italian Campaign, First Krechowce Uhlan Regiment was part of 2nd Warsaw Armoured Brigade. It fought in the Battle of Monte Cassino, the Battle of Ancona, and captured the city of Bologna. The regiment was dissolved in 1947.


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment, Tradition of the Regiment
First Uhlan Regiment claimed to be the continuation of the 1st Court Uhlan Regiment, which existed in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the late 18th century (1776–1792-1794). In 1815 - 1831, the Regiment was part of forces of Congress Poland, and as such, fought in the November Uprising, after which it was dissolved, together with whole army of Congress Poland.


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment, Tradition of the Regiment
In December 1914, during early months of World War I, Russian authorities announced the creation of two volunteer cavalry squadrons, as part of the so-called Puławy Legion. By mid January 1915, First Squadron was ready, and in the next 12 months the number of squadrons increased to such an extent, that Polish Ulan Division was created, with its headquarters in Babruysk. On March 23, 1917, the Division swore its oath, and on April 3, it was renamed into 1st Uhlan Regiment. In June 1917, the Regiment was sent to the area of Ternopil and Kalush. On July 19, Colonel Bolesław Mościcki was named its commandant.


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment, Tradition of the Regiment
On July 22, 1917, Polish uhlans entered Stanisławów. The city was burning, plundered by marauders of the Russian Imperial Army. The uhlans moved in to protect its civilian population, and five days later they fought German units in the Battle of Krechowce. After this battle, the Regiment was moved to Bessarabia, and finally, in early 1918, it returned to Babruysk. Following the agreement with German forces, the Regiment was dissolved on May 21, 1918. Soon after the Battle of Krechowce, the unit came to be called the Krechowce Regiment. In 1919, its official name was changed into First Krechowce Uhlan Regiment of Colonel Bolesław Mościcki.


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment, Second Polish Republic
The Regiment was dissolved in May 1918, but in October of that year, the Regency Council ordered creation of additional units of the newly created Polish Army. On November 4, 1918, First Uhlan Regiment was recreated, and to increase the flow of volunteers, its recruiting offices were opened in several locations. 2nd Squadron was formed in Warsaw, but on November 22, it was moved to Kielce. Colonel Dunin-Markiewicz, on his way to Będzin, where he was ordered to form 3rd Squadron, stopped at Wolbrom, where he met with Rittmeister Pawel Korytko, commandant of reserve squadron of 2nd Austrian Uhlan Regiment. Both officers decided to unite their forces, thus 3rd Squadron was created.


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment, Second Polish Republic
1st Squadron was formed in Radomsko, 4th Squadron in Piotrków Trybunalski, and communications platoon in Gródek Jagielloński. At first, the headquarters of the Regiment was located in Kielce: on November 17, 1918, it was moved to Wolbrom.


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment, Second Polish Republic
In early December 1918, all subunits of the Regiment concentrated in Tarnow, in order to march eastwards, and help Polish defenders of the city of Lwów, which was threatened by Ukrainian forces (see Battle of Lemberg (1918)). On December 17 the soldiers went by train to Przemyśl, and all throughout winter of 1918/1919, the uhlans fought in the area of Lwów, mainly in Gródek Jagielloński.


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment, Second Polish Republic
In early spring 1919, the Regiment, which suffered heavy losses, was transferred back to Wolbrom. Meanwhile, its flag had been brought from Bobrujsk, and on May 7, 1919, the Regiment left Wolbrom again, towards Volhynia, where Polish offensive began (see Polish–Ukrainian War). The Regiment, with its quick movement, took the Ukrainians by surprise, capturing the city of Lutsk, together with 600 prisoners, cannons, vehicles and food. On May 23, after a few days’ rest at Horochów, the uhlans captured Brody and Radziwiłłów. As a result of this success, the Poles seized 3000 prisoners, several trains (including armoured train Sich Riflemen, which was immediately renamed into General Dowbor), machine guns and cannons.


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment, Second Polish Republic
In early July 1919, the Regiment was merged with 9th Uhlan Regiment, creating 5th Cavalry Brigade. It operated in eastern Volhynia, capturing Zdołbunów (August 12), and in the autumn 1919, following the order of Polish Army Headquarters, was moved to Polish Pomerelia.


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment, Pomerelia
On October 29, 1919, the Regiment arrived at Ciechocinek, remaining there until January 16, 1920. On the next day, Polish troops crossed former Russian - Prussian border, and entered Pomerelia. After a few weeks’ march via Chełmża, Popowo Biskupie, Grudziądz, Nowe, Pelplin and Żukowo the uhlans reached Puck, where on February 10, 1920, Poland's Wedding to the Sea took place, with General Józef Haller present.


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment, Polish - Soviet War
In mid-April 1920, the Regiment was transferred back to Volhynia, where it joined the Cavalry Division of General Jan Romer. Its task was to capture the town of Koziatyn, with its important rail station and Red Army supply depot. In two days, Polish cavalry, with 20 officers, 600 soldiers and 10 machine guns, crossed 160 kilometers (see Battle of Koziatyn). The raid was a spectacular success, as Poles captured the town, with a number of prisoners of war.


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment, Polish - Soviet War
After a short rest, on May 2, 1920, the Regiment headed towards Bila Tserkva, pushing away Soviet forces. On May 15, the Regiment concentrated in Stara Syniava, where it received a new commandant, General Aleksander Karnicki. In late May 1920, the Regiment defeated Siemion Budionnyi's First Cavalry Army in the Battle of Wolodarka.


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment, Polish - Soviet War
Following Soviet counterattack to the Polish Kiev Offensive, the Regiment began to retreat westwards. By June 19, it defended the line of the Sluch River, with heavy losses, which shrank its manpower. In late July 1920, the Regiment was sent to Tarnow, to recuperate and increase its refill its ranks with new recruits. On July 22, the unit came to Zamość, joining the forces of General Juliusz Rómmel. Until August 8 it fought along the Styr River, but due to numerical superiority of the enemy, it was forced to retreat to Radziechów. Pushed by the enemy, the Regiment crossed the Bug River, entering Żółkiew. There, it attacked a wing of the Budionnyi army. On August 29, the Regiment captured Tyszowce, and then fought the Soviets near Zamość, in the famous Battle of Komarów.


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment, Polish - Soviet War
By mid-September, the Regiment re-entered Volhynia, chasing the retreating Bolsheviks. As part of General Juliusz Rómmel’s Cavalry Corps, in October 1920 it captured Korosten. Soon afterwards, armistice was declared.


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment, Interbellum Period
In winter 1920/21, the Regiment camped near Lutsk. In spring 1921, it was moved to Hrubieszów, and then to Augustów, to its garrison, located in former barracks of the Imperial Russian Army. On July 24, 1925, it celebrated its 10th Anniversary, with General Władysław Sikorski present. On July 24, 1932, it celebrated its 15th Anniversary, with President Ignacy Mościcki, and a number of high-ranking military officials, such as Edward Smigly-Rydz, Tadeusz Kutrzeba, Juliusz Rómmel and Stanisław Grzmot-Skotnicki. In 1927, the Association of Krechowce Officers was created, which organized meetings and balls.


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment, Interbellum Period
In the early 1920s, a village in Volhynia was (Osada Krechowiecka) was settled with veterans of the Regiment (see Osadnik), and in 1935, Officers’ Yacht Club with its own pier was opened on Biale Augustowskie Lake (this lake came to be known as Krechowce Lake). Residents of the Osada Krechowiecka village were in 1940 forcibly resettled to Siberia by the NKVD.


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment, Interbellum Period
The Regiment was famous for Krechowiak, the horse of Colonel Bolesław Mościcki, which, together with Colonel Karol Rómmel, won 10th spot at the 1924 Olympic Games in Paris. The legendary horse had its own, separate stable, and after its death in 1939, Krechowiak was handed to Polish Army Museum in Warsaw, where it was stuffed and presented to visitors. To commemorate the Battle of Krechowce, special gorgets were made, with Black Madonna of Częstochowa. The gorgets were handed to officers and uhlans after 20 years of service. In the Second Polish Republic, 1st Uhlan Regiment maintained special ties with 12th Podole Uhlan Regiment and 14th Yazlovets Uhlan Regiment: the three units had fought the Bolsheviks at Komarów.


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment, 1939 Invasion of Poland
The mobilisation of the Regiment took place on August 24, 1939. On September 1, the unit took positions near the village of Raczki, which at that time was located 10 kilometers from the border with East Prussia.


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment, 1939 Invasion of Poland
In the night of September 2/3, 1939, two squadrons under Colonel Antoni Burlingis and Colonel Zygmunt Nowinski attacked German border posts at the villages of Kechlensdorf (now Zocie) and Auersberg (now Turowo). The Regiment planned a raid on East Prussia, but Polish Army headquarters did not support this idea. Following the orders, the Regiment withdrew towards Zambrów and Tykocin. On September 6, the Wehrmacht broke through Polish defences, and crossed the Narew near Różan. As a result, elements of the Regiment were engaged in hand-to-hand combat with subunits of the Panzer Division Kempf.


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment, 1939 Invasion of Poland
On September 10, after a short rest, the Regiment took positions near the folwark of Wadolki-Borowe, with its left wing supported by 71st Infantry Regiment of 18th Infantry Division. Soon it was attacked by German 20th Motorized Infantry Division. First enemy assault was repelled, but in subsequent attacks, Colonel Jan Litewski, commandant of the Regiment, was killed and his post was taken temporarily by Rittmeister Tomasz Mineyko, who ordered a withdrawal. The Battle of Zambrów ended in Polish defeat.


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment, 1939 Invasion of Poland
After a short rest the regiment marched towards the forests near Dąbrowa Wielka. In the night of September 12, remnants of 2nd Uhlan Regiment, destroyed by the Wehrmacht in the Battle of Wizna, reached the same forest. Colonel Karol Anders of 2nd Regiment took over command of the united forces. On the next day a column of German motorized infantry set off from Czyżew, trying to destroy Polish cavalry. Near the village of Kamien, Polish soldiers halted the enemy, destroying 10 tanks and capturing a number of prisoners.


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment, 1939 Invasion of Poland
In the night, after a quick march, the uhlans reached the road Wysokie Mazowieckie - Brańsk, crossing the Mien river after a bloody skirmish with the enemy. In the morning of September 13, the regiment reached the area of Hodyszewo. After a meeting of officers, the uhlans were ordered to fight their way to the Białowieża Forest. In case of a failure, the regiment was to head towards Wołkowysk, where Reserve Center of Suwalska Cavalry Brigade was located. Near Olszewo, Polish soldiers faced an armored regiment of German 3rd Panzer Division. The Germans lost 20 tanks and armored carriers, but Polish losses also were very heavy and the regiment dispersed, as some of its subunits decided to march to Wołkowysk on their own.


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment, 1939 Invasion of Poland
On September 16, the uhlans finally reached Białowieża, where the remnants of the regiments were incorporated into Cavalry Brigade Edward, named after Colonel Edward Milewski. On September 21, the regiment arrived at the village of Teresin. Soon afterwards, a skirmish with the Red Army, advancing from the East, took place in which the Poles lost 5 soldiers. Marching south, Polish 3rd Regiment of Mounted Rifles entered the village of Kalenkowicze near Kamieniec, whose residents had built “welcome gates” for the Red Army, adorned with red flags and Soviet symbols. As a reprisal for this betrayal, Kalenkowicze was burned.


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment, 1939 Invasion of Poland
On September 24, the 1st Regiment, which was part of Brigade Edward, Zaza Cavalry Division (named after General Zygmunt Podhorski) crossed the Bug River near Niemirow and kept marching southwards. Fighting its way against Soviet and German units, the uhlans hoped to eventually reach the Hungarian border, located hundreds of kilometers south. On September 28 the Division reached Ostrów Lubelski, where it met with forces of Independent Operational Group Polesie. General Podhorski suggested that the two groups join forces and march towards the border, but General Franciszek Kleeberg preferred to aid the besieged garrison of Warsaw.


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment, 1939 Invasion of Poland
Brigade Edward was ordered to protect the Wieprz river crossing at Kijany. After several German attacks, it had to retreat behind the river. On September 30, uhlans of the Zaza Cavalry Division merged with the Polesie Operational Group. In the Battle of Kock (1939), 1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment was stationed near Józefów, and tasked with attacking left wing of German positions. Due to heavy enemy fire, the uhlans were unable to achieve success, and retreated to Grabowo Szlacheckie. At midday of October 6, Polish forces capitulated.


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment, 1939 Invasion of Poland
During the September Campaign, First Krechowce Uhlan Regiment was commanded by Colonel Jan Litewski, and his deputy, Colonel Karol Anders.


1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment, 1939 Invasion of Poland
First Krechowce Uhlan Regiment was recreated in the second half of 1941, as part of Polish Armed Forces in the East.


1st Lagos State House of Assembly
The 1st Lagos State House of Assembly is the legislative branch of the Lagos State Government inaugurated on  October 2, 1979, the same year the Lagos State House of Assembly was founded. The assembly ran its course till October 5, 1983. The assembly was unicameral with 41 representatives elected from each constituencies of the state on the platform of the Unity Party of Nigeria. The Speaker of the 1st Legislative Assembly was Rt. Hon Oladosun Oshinowo and the Deputy speaker was Hon Moshood Muse. The 2nd Assembly was inaugurated on October 5, 1983, with the emergence of  with the election of Oladimeji Longe as speaker.


1st Lambda Literary Awards
The 1st Lambda Literary Awards were held in 1989 to honour works of LGBT literature published in 1988.


1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers
The 1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers were formed in 1859 as a response to a French invasion threat. Its units fought at Gallipoli and in Palestine during World War I, and in Normandy and North West Europe during World War II. It continued in the postwar Territorial Army until 1961.


1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers, Artillery Volunteers 1859-1908
The enthusiasm for the Volunteer movement following an invasion scare in 1859 saw the creation of many Rifle, Artillery and Engineer Volunteer Corps composed of part-time soldiers eager to supplement the Regular British Army in time of need. A number of Artillery Volunteer Corps (AVCs) were raised in Glasgow and its suburbs in Lanarkshire. The 1st Administrative Brigade Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers was formed, with headquarters at Glasgow, on 6 March 1860, comprising the following AVCs of one battery each:


1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers, Artillery Volunteers 1859-1908
The 4th, 5th, 6th, 10th, and 11th were artisan corps, the men of which paid 2s. 6d. entry money, and 30s. for their uniforms, the remaining expenses being met by outside subscriptions, and the first four being assisted from the Glasgow Central Fund. The 1st Corps was formed, it is said, at the suggestion of Prince Albert, made at the opening of the Loch Katrine waterworks on 14 October 1859, that Glasgow should form some artillery.


1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers, Artillery Volunteers 1859-1908
Mr John Wilkie, a leading lawyer of the city, took the matter in hand, and so many members joined the corps that from the outset three batteries could be formed, which were numbered the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd. These were entirely self-supporting, the honorary members paying £5 each, on enrolment, to the funds, and the effective members subscribing 10s. each annually and buying their own uniform and belts at a cost of £4 a-head. The remaining corps were raised on similar principles. In 1862, the brigade was consolidated as the 1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers of fifteen batteries, which retained their former numbers.


1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers, Artillery Volunteers 1859-1908
The 1st Lanarkshire had a number of different buildings in various Glasgow locations, including 260 St. Vincent Street in the 1870s, and 98 Sauchiehall Street in the 1890s. By the early 20th Century the unit possessed an orderly-room, officers' and serjeants' club, and headquarters (HQ) at 8 Newton Terrace, Sauchiehall Street. The corps had five separate drill halls in different parts of the city, each with harness rooms, gun-sheds etc. for two batteries. The Maryhill drill hall accommodated all the ammunition waggons when not in use in the batteries. For over 30 years, the corps carried out its annual practice at Irvine, from Bogside Camp, and as a rifle-range it used that at Darnley belonging to the 1st and 3rd Lanark Volunteer Rifle Corps.


1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers, Artillery Volunteers 1859-1908, Royal Garrison Artillery
In 1882 all the AVCs were affiliated to one of the territorial garrison divisions of the Royal Artillery (RA) and the 1st Lanarkshire AVC became part of the Scottish Division. In 1889 the structure was altered, and the corps joined the Southern Division. In 1899 the RA was divided into separate field and garrison branches, and the artillery volunteers were all assigned to the Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA). When the divisional structure was abolished their titles were changed, the  unit becoming the 1st Lanarkshire Royal Garrison Artillery (Volunteers) on 1 January 1902.


1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers, Artillery Volunteers 1859-1908, Royal Garrison Artillery
In 1900, the whole corps volunteered its services for South Africa. This was not accepted, as Artillery units weren't required. However, 62 members of the corps, including Lieut. J. C. Clark, served in various capacities in South Africa during the war.


1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers, Artillery Volunteers 1859-1908, Position artillery
The AVCs were intended to serve as garrison artillery manning fixed defences, but a number of the early units manned semi-mobile 'position batteries' of smooth-bore field guns pulled by agricultural horses. Up to 1865, the only guns on which the Lanarkshire batteries were drilled were 32-pounder smoothbores, but on 13 December of that year, a sixteenth battery was raised and equipped as a field battery with four 6-pounder smoothbore field-guns. (The 17th Battery was formed as a garrison company in 1868.) At that time the position batteries were not officially supported by the War Office (WO). In 1876, the 1st Corps won the Queen's Prize at the annual National Artillery Association competition held at Shoeburyness.


1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers, Artillery Volunteers 1859-1908, Position artillery
The 'position artillery' concept was revived in 1888 when some Volunteer position batteries were reorganised to work alongside the Volunteer infantry brigades. The 1st Lanarkshire was nominated to operate two position batteries, each of four 16-Pounder Rifled Muzzle Loading guns and two wagons. The two batteries were manned by the personnel of four garrison batteries (including the former 16th). In 1900, the strength of the corps was increased to twenty batteries. As a result, eight more 16-pounder RML batteries were issued to it, and the whole corps was reorganised into ten position batteries, numbered 1st to 10th.


1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers, Artillery Volunteers 1859-1908, Position artillery
These were divided into five brigades. As the corps was then entirely of position batteries, it was in 1901 styled a "position artillery corps", and in 1902 "heavy artillery". However, despite the new issue of equipment, harness was only provided for three batteries, making five in all. It wasn't until 1905 that harness for the remaining five was issued.


1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers, Artillery Volunteers 1859-1908, Position artillery
In November 1905 the Army Council agreed an experiment to convert some RGA Volunteers to a field artillery role. The 1st Lanarkshire RGA (V) was one of the units chosen to be re-equipped with Ehrhardt quick-firing (QF) guns, but a change in government early the following year put a stop to the experiment. Instead, the new Secretary of State for War, Richard Haldane, embarked on a thorough-going reorganisation of all the Army's auxiliary forces. In 1907-8, the 16-pounder guns were replaced by 15-pounder Breech Loading guns, which had been converted into quick-firers. The corps was the only one in Scotland composed entirely of heavy batteries.


1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers, Territorial Force
The Volunteers were subsumed into the new Territorial Force (TF) under the Haldane Reforms of 1908 and the personnel of the 1st Lanarkshire RGA were distributed to two new units of the Royal Field Artillery (RFA):


1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers, Territorial Force
These units were part of the TF's Lowland Division. The field batteries were each issued with four 15-pounder guns and the howitzer batteries with four 5-inch howitzers.


1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers, World War I, Mobilisation
The Lowland Division had been attending annual camp on the Ayrshire coast when the order to mobilise was received at 17.25 on Tuesday August 1914. Mobilisation began the following day at unit drill halls. On 12 August the division was ordered to concentrate at Bedford and entrainment began on 15 August. Concentration was completed by 17 August and the division formed part of First Army (Home Forces) in Central Force.


1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers, World War I, Mobilisation
On the outbreak of war, units of the Territorial Force were invited to volunteer for Overseas Service. On 15 August the WO issued instructions to separate those men who had signed up for Home Service only, and form these into reserve units. Then on 31 August the formation of a reserve or 2nd Line unit was authorised for each 1st Line unit where 60 per cent or more of the men had volunteered for Overseas Service. The titles of these 2nd Line units would be the same as the original, but distinguished by a '2/' prefix. In this way duplicate batteries, brigades and divisions were created, mirroring those TF formations being sent overseas.


1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 1/III Lowland Brigade
1/III Lowland Brigade was re-armed with 18-pounder guns and served with the Lowland Division (52nd (Lowland) Division from May 1915) in Egypt and Palestine. It was redesignated CCLXII (or 262) Brigade, RFA in 1916. It  transferred to 7th (Meerut) Division when the 52nd left for the Western Front in March 1918 and served with this Indian Army formation in Palestine until the end of the war.


1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 2/III Lowland Brigade
2/III Lowland Brigade served with the 2nd Lowland Division (65th (2nd Lowland) Division from August 1915) in Scotland and England. It was redesignated CCCXXVII (or 327) Brigade, RFA, in May 1916 but does not appear to have been with the division after it went to Ireland in 1917 and was probably broken up.


1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 1/IV Lowland Brigade
1/IV Lowland Brigade served with 52nd (Lowland) Division at Gallipoli and in Egypt, where it was re-equipped with 4.5-inch howitzers. It was renumbered CCLXIII (or 263) (H) Brigade, RFA in September 1916 but broken up at the end of the year.


1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 2/IV Lowland Brigade
2/IV Lowland Brigade served with 65th (Lowland) Division. It was renumbered CCCXXVIII (or 328) (H) Brigade, RFA in May 1916 but immediately broken up to provide howitzer batteries to other brigades in the division.


1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers, Interwar years
In 1920 the 3rd and 4th Lowland brigades reformed as a single 3rd Lowland Brigade, which was redesignated as the 80th (Lowland) Brigade, RFA, the following year when the TF was reconstituted as the Territorial Army (TA). It became a 'Field Brigade, RA', when the RFA was subsumed into the Royal Artillery in 1924, and its subtitle was changed to 'Lowland – City of Glasgow' in 1937. It continued to be part of 52nd (Lowland) Division and had the following organisation:


1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, Mobilisation
The TA was doubled in size following the Munich Crisis of 1938, with existing units splitting to form duplicates before the outbreak of World War II. 80th Field Regiment reorganised as follows:


1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, Mobilisation
The establishment of a field battery was increased to 12 guns organised into three Troops.


1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, 80th (Lowland - City of Glasgow) Field Regiment
80th Field Regiment mobilised in 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division. Apart from a period in June 1940 when the rest of the division was briefly deployed to France, the regiment served with the 52nd (L) Division throughout the war, including the campaign in North West Europe from October 1944 to VE Day. It was placed in suspended animation in 1946


1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, 131st (Lowland - City of Glasgow) Field Regiment
131st Field Regiment mobilised in 15th (Scottish) Infantry Division and served with it throughout the war, including the Normandy Campaign and North West Europe. The regiment received its  'Lowland - City of Glasgow' subtitle in 1942. It was disbanded in 1947


1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers, Postwar
When the TA was reconstituted in 1947, the regiment reformed as 280th (Lowland – City of Glasgow) Medium Rgt, reverting to being a field regiment in 1950. In 1955 the subtitle was changed to 'City of Glasgow Artillery'. The regiment formed part of 85 (Field) Army Group Royal Artillery, which was redesignated HQ RA 52nd (Lowland) Division in 1950. The regiment ha the following organisation:


1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers, Postwar
When the TA was reduced in 1961, most of the regiment amalgamated with 279th (Ayrshire) Fd Rgt to form 279th (City of Glasgow & Ayrshire) Fd Rgt:


1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers, Postwar
Surplus personnel of 280th Fd Rgt transferred to 445th (Lowland) Light Anti- Aircraft Rgt.


1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers, Uniforms and insignia
The original uniform of all the Lanarkshire AVCs was similar to that of the Royal Artillery, with busbies and white waist-belts, but with scarlet cuffs and forage caps with scarlet bands.


1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers, Uniforms and insignia
A brass shoulder title consisting of T over RFA over CITY OF GLASGOW was worn by all batteries of 3rd and 4th Lowland Brigades from 1908. In 1931, Lord Lyon King of Arms authorised a regimental crest for 80th Fd Bde consisting of a field gun surmounted by an oak tree bearing a robin and bell, taken from the Coat of arms of Glasgow. Above the tree was a King's crown and scroll inscribed with the RA motto 'UBIQUE' ('Everywhere'). Below the gun was a three-part scroll inscribed 'CITY OF GLASGOW ARTILLERY'. The crest was used on leatherheads, Christmas cards etc. However, from 1955 the design was used as a collar badge (gilt for officers, brass for other ranks) by 280th (City of Glasgow) Fd Rgt.


1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers, Prominent members
Dr George Beatson, the cancer specialist, joined the 1st Lanarkshire AV when he moved to Glasgow in 1878 (promoted to lieutenant 26 June 1880 and captain 22 July 1885). In 1890 he left to become commanding officer of the Glasgow companies of the Volunteer Medical Corps, and was later Principal Medical Officer of the Lowland Division.


1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers
The 1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers was a Scottish Volunteer unit of the British Army. Originally raised in Glasgow from 1859, it later became a battalion of the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles). During World War I it served on the Western Front and in Ireland. Converted into an anti-aircraft regiment just before World War II, it served during The Blitz and in the campaign in North West Europe, and continued in air defence role in the postwar years until 1955.


1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers, Origin
An invasion scare in 1859 led to the emergence of the Volunteer Movement, and Rifle Volunteer Corps (RVCs) began to be organised throughout Great Britain. The first drill meeting of the 1st Lanarkshire (or Glasgow 1st Western) Rifle Volunteer Corps was held in the playground of The Glasgow Academy  in Elmbank Street, Glasgow, on 27 July 1859. Its services as one company were offered on 5 August and were accepted on 24 September 1859, with Sir Archibald Campbell of Succoth, 3rd Baronet (1825–66), as Captain. The unit was entirely self-supporting, with all its expenses paid by its members.


1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers, Origin
On 28 February 1860 the 1st Lanarkshire RVC was expanded by the amalgamation of a number of the smaller RVCs that had sprung into existence in Glasgow, with Sir Archibald Campbell promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel Commandant on 6 March. In June 1860 it was divided into two battalions:


1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers, Origin
The ranks of the 1st and 2nd Western Companies provided many officers for other RVCs. Henry Campbell-Bannerman, a future prime minister, served as lieutenant in the 53rd RVC, becoming captain in 1867; he was a nephew of the founder of J. & W Campbell and was a partner in the firm.


1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers, Origin
After his death in 1866, Sir Archibald Campbell was succeeded as Lt-Col Commandant by his brother, Sir George Campbell, 4th Baronet, formerly a captain in the Royal Dragoons.


1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers, Origin
In 1863 No 1 Company as disbanded and No 14 was absorbed into No 15. The following year No 7 Company was absorbed into No 3 and the companies were lettered, A to G for 1st Bn, K to Q (omitting O) for 2nd Bn. In 1870, K company, the old University Company, was absorbed into Q Company, the old 77th, which also had its origins in Glasgow University. New K and O Companies were added in 1878, K being relettered I and new H and K Companies being raised in 1881.


1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers, Origin
The corps carried out its first drills on the Burnbank ground in Great Western Road, Glasgow, building a drill hall there in 1866–7. Later it built a new headquarters (HQ) at 261 West Princes Street. By 1881 the HQ was at 242 West George Street.


1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers, Localisation
Under the 'Localisation of Forces' scheme introduced in 1872 by the Cardwell reforms, the 1st Lanarkshire RVC was grouped with the 26th (Cameronian) Regiment of Foot, the 74th (Highland) Regiment of Foot, the 1st  Royal Lanark Militia and a number of other Lanarkshire RVCs in Brigade No 59. When these were combined under the Childers Reforms of 1881, the 1st Lanarkshire RVC became the senior Volunteer Battalion of the new Cameronians (Scottish Rifles), without changing its title.


1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers, Localisation
The Stanhope Memorandum of December 1888 introduced a Mobilisation Scheme for Volunteer units, which would assemble in their own brigades at key points in case of war. In peacetime these brigades provided a structure for collective training. Under this scheme the Lanarkshire battalions were included in the Clyde Brigade, later the Glasgow Brigade, based at 127 St Vincent Street, Glasgow, and later at Hamilton, South Lanarkshire.


1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers, Localisation
One hundred and two volunteers from the battalion served with the 1st and 2nd Volunteer Service Companies of the Scottish Rifles and with the Imperial Yeomanry in the Second Boer War, earning its first Battle honour:  South Africa 1900–02.


1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers, Localisation
In 1902 the Glasgow Brigade was split up, and the four Volunteer Battalions of the Cameronians became the Scottish Rifle Brigade. The High School of Glasgow Cadet Corps of two companies was formed that year and affiliated to the 1st Lanarkshires.


1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers, Territorial Force
When the Volunteers were subsumed into the new Territorial Force (TF) under the Haldane Reforms of 1908, the battalion became the 5th Battalion, Cameronians (Scottish Rifles). K Company (the University Company) became a contingent of the Senior Division of the Officers' Training Corps (OTC) and the High School Glasgow Cadet Corps joined the Junior Division of the OTC. The Scottish Rifles Brigade formed part of the Lowland Division of the TF.


1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers, World War I, Mobilisation
The Lowland Division had been attending annual camp on the Ayrshire coast when the order to mobilise was received at 17.25 on Tuesday August 1914. On return from camp the 5th Scottish Rifles mobilised at 261 West Princes Street  and then undertook guards and patrols at vulnerable points around Glasgow and the River Clyde. The division completed its mobilisation by 10 August and proceeded to its war stations in the Forth Defences, with the Scottish Rifles Bde at Falkirk and 5th Bn at Larbert. The troops were billeted in all manner of buildings.


1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers, World War I, Recruitment
On 10 August, units of the division were invited to volunteer for Overseas Service, and the majority did so. On 31 August, the War Office authorised the formation of a reserve or 2nd Line unit for each unit where 60 per cent or more of the men had volunteered for Overseas Service. The titles of these 2nd Line units would be the same as the 1st Line original, but distinguished by a '1/' or '2/' prefix. In this way duplicate battalions, brigades and divisions were created, mirroring those TF formations being sent overseas. Where recruitment was good, they also formed 3rd Line units


1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers, World War I, 1/5th Scottish Rifles
The First Line battalion was one of the first TF units selected to reinforce the Regulars of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in France and soon left the Lowland Division. It  landed at Le Havre on 5 November 1914, joining 19th Brigade on 19 November. At this time 19th Bde (which included 1st Bn Cameronians) had just been relieved from the line following very heavy fighting in the Battle of Armentières. Although an independent brigade, it was attached to 6th Division.


1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers, World War I, 1/5th Scottish Rifles
After a winter of trench warfare, from 31 May 1915, 19th Bde was attached to 27th Division (another Regular formation that had suffered heavy casualties in the 2nd Battle of Ypres). On 19 August 1915, 19th Bde transferred again to 2nd Division, this time as an integral part of the division.


1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers, World War I, 1/5th Scottish Rifles
2nd Division was preparing for the forthcoming Battle of Loos. On 25 September it was to assault the enemy trenches south of the La Bassée Canal, preceded by a 40-minute discharge of poison gas. 19th Brigade's attack would be assisted by two mines blown under the German lines by 173rd Tunnelling Company, Royal Engineers. However, the mines were ordered to be blown 10 minutes before the brigade's attack, giving the German defenders plenty of time to prepare. Many of the attackers were also affected by the British gas cloud being blown back on them by the inconsistent winds. The leading battalions failed to get into the enemy position, and the attack was halted before 1/5th Scottish Rifles in reserve actually went 'over the top'.


1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers, World War I, 1/5th Scottish Rifles
On 25 November 1915, 19th Bde was transferred to 33rd Division, a 'Kitchener's Army' formation that had just arrived in France. At the end of December the new division took over 2nd Division's section of the line at La Bassée, facing the intricate trench system around the canal, the 'Brickstacks' (a German strongpoint built into the stacks of the La Bassée brickworks), and the villages of Cuinchy and Cambrin. This was considered a quiet sector, but an excellent training ground in trench warfare, with continuous mining activity and occasional trench raids.


1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers, World War I, 1/5th Scottish Rifles
On 29 May 1916 the battalion merged with merged with 6th Scottish Rifles to form the 5th/6th Battalion. (6th Battalion had left the Lowland Division in March 1915 and served with a number of divisions in France, including a period as a pioneer battalion, before joining 100th Bde in 33rd Division.)


1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers, World War I, 5th/6th Scottish Rifles, Somme
After five months of familiarisation with trench warfare, 33rd Division saw its first fullscale operations during the Somme Offensive as part of XV Corps. It began to move south by train on 10 July and was in Corps Reserve during the Battle of Albert (12–13 July) before being committed to action during the Battle of Bazentin Ridge. XV Corps had taken most of its objectives on 14 July, but High Wood and Delville Wood remained in enemy hands. Next day, 19th Brigade remained in reserve while the rest of 33rd Division assaulted Switch Trench.


1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers, World War I, 5th/6th Scottish Rifles, Somme
This attack was a failure, the infantry returning to their starting positions. On the morning of 16 July 19th Bde relieved 100th Bde, and at dawn on 20 July it renewed the attack. 5th/6th Scottish Rifles were drawn up alongside 1st Cameronians just outside the British wire and attacked High Wood, preceded by a line of scouts and supported by Royal Engineers and divisional Pioneers. The attack began satisfactorily, prisoners being taken, but German machine gun nests inflicted serious casualties and the advance was held up.


1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers, World War I, 5th/6th Scottish Rifles, Somme
The brigade commander threw in his remaining troops and by the end of the day 19th Bde held the rest of the wood in its front. The Switch Line beyond was not finally captured until 27 September, and in the meantime the casualties suffered in holding the positions in High Wood under shellfire were heavy. 33rd Division was relieved from the line in early August, returning to High Wood for a new attack on 24 August for which 19th Bde was in reserve. The division was sent for rest at the end of September.


1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers, World War I, 5th/6th Scottish Rifles, Somme
The division returned to the Somme sector on 22 October to take part in a new series of attacks in the area of 'Dewdrop' and 'Boritska' Trenches. On 3–4 November 19 Brigade attacked 'Hazy' Trench and took the 'Gun Pits', even though heavy artillery could not be used in support because of the uncertainty of the exact positions of friendly and enemy troops. Supplies had to be manhandled to the front line across 5,000 yards (4,600 m) of thick mud. The division then took over a section of line from the French and garrisoned this during the winter.