20-sim, Reviews
Because of its extended support of bond graph modeling 20-sim is highly rated in the bond graph community. According to Borutzky  only "20-sim, MS1 and Symbols can be categorized as a fully integrated (multi-formalism) modeling and simulation environments especially supporting bond graphs".


20-sim, Reviews
Roddeck compares several modeling and simulation tools like Simulink, Labview and 20-sim. Roddeck acknowledges the market leadership of Simulink but states that the advantage of 20-sim is the direct input of bond graphs in 20-sim and the availability of built-in tools for FFT-analysis and 3D mechanical modeling.


20-sim, Reviews
The book of J. Ledin  gives practical guidelines for modeling and simulation of dynamic systems. An entire chapter is spent on simulation tools. According to Ledin, "20-sim differs from other simulation tools like Simulink and VisSim in that it supports four methods for modeling dynamic systems: iconic diagrams, block diagrams, bond graphs and equations. This allows for example, the construction of electrical circuit simulations using standard symbols to represent components, such as op-amps and capacitors." A weak point, according to Ledin is the missing capability for distributed simulation in 20-sim.


20-sim, Add-on Products
20-sim offers tight integration with 20-sim 4C. Any 20-sim model can be exported as C-code to 20-sim 4C where it can be used for deployment on hardware. Typical use is the development of controllers for embedded software and the creation of "virtual plants" for use in hardware-in-the-loop simulators. 20-sim can be controlled by scripting, allowing task automation and scenario building. Scripting is supported in Matlab or GNU Octave, and in Python (since v4.6).


20-sim, Add-on Products
Next to scripting, 20-sim has a tight connection with Matlab, GNU Octave and Simulink allowing the import and export of data on many levels. The export of 20-sim models as M-files or S-functions is the most prominent example.


20-sim, History
20-sim is the redevelopment of the simulation software package TUTSIM, which was developed at the Control Laboratory of the University of Twente. While TUTSIM was sold in the late 70's, research into modeling and simulation continued at the laboratory. A new program was developed as part of the Ph.D. project of Jan Broenink. The program was equipped with a graphical user interface and allowed the creation of models by bond graphs. The prototype name for this modeling and simulation package was CAMAS.


20-sim, History
While CAMAS was all built around bond graphs, a new prototype package called MAX was developed to investigated object oriented modeling techniques and modeling by iconic diagrams. After extensive testing, in August 1995 version 1.0 of the software was commercially released under the trade name 20-sim (Twente Sim). The trade name refers to the origin (University of Twente) of the package and the region (Twente) where it was made. The company Controllab Products was established to further develop and distribute the package.


20.3 cm K (E)
The 20.3 cm Kanone (E - Eisenbahnlafette (railroad mount)) was a German railroad gun used on coast-defense duties in Occupied France and Belgium during World War II. Eight guns were transferred from the Navy's stocks after having become redundant with the loss and sale of several Admiral Hipper-class heavy cruisers and were delivered in 1941 and 1942.


20.3 cm K (E), Design
As part of the re-armament program initiated by the Nazis after taking power in 1933 the Army High Command (Oberkommando des Heeres – OKH) ordered Krupp to begin work on new railroad artillery designs, but they would take a long time to develop. Krupp pointed out that it could deliver a number of railroad guns much more quickly using obsolete guns already on hand and modernizing their original World War I mountings for which it still had drawings available. OKH agreed and authorized Krupp in 1936 to begin design of a series of guns between 15 and 28 cm (5.9 and 11.0 in) for delivery by 1939 as the Emergency Program (Sofort-Programe).


20.3 cm K (E), Design
Eight 20.3 cm SK C/34 guns intended for the Admiral Hipper-class heavy cruisers were made available for the Army. Krupp was able to adapt the design of the World War I-era 21 cm SK "Peter Adalbert" for the smaller guns. Two differences were the substitution of an ammunition crane for the overhead ammunition trolley system of the "Peter Adalbert" and the removal of the latter's under-carriage pivot mount and rollers. Sources differ on how much the gun could traverse on its mount. Kosar and François quote 2.4°, while Gander and Chamberlain say 14', but Hogg says not at all.


20.3 cm K (E), Design
Whatever the exact figure, the gun could traverse only enough on the mount itself for fine corrections, coarser adjustments had to be made by turning the entire mount on the Vögele turntable. The turntable (Drehscheibe) consisted of a circular track with a pivot mount in the center for a platform on which the railroad gun itself was secured. A ramp was used to raise the railway gun to the level of the platform. The platform had rollers at each end which rested on the circular rail for 360° traverse.


20.3 cm K (E), Design
It had a capacity of 300 tonnes (300 long tons; 330 short tons), enough for most of the railroad guns in the German inventory. The gun could only be loaded at 0° elevation and so had to be re-aimed for each shot. Four guns each were delivered in 1941 and 1942.


20.3 cm K (E), Design
Photographic evidence exists of a 20.3 cm K (E) carried by two six-axle Culemeyer-Strassenfahrzeug lowboy trailers and moving by road.


20.3 cm K (E), Design, Ammunition
The Army failed to appreciate that the naval 20.3 cm (8.0 in) ammunition was not in its inventory until after the guns had already been produced. It asked Krupp to modify the guns to use its standard 21 cm (8.3 in) ammunition, but it proved uneconomic to do so. It deployed the guns in fixed locations, i.e. on coast-defense duties,  to minimize the burden on its logistical system.


20.3 cm K (E), Design, Ammunition
Ultimately the Army ordered eight 21 cm replacement barrels, but only four had been built before six weapons were captured or destroyed during the Battle of Normandy and the whole exercise became futile. It used the German naval system of ammunition where the base charge was held in a metallic cartridge case and supplemented by another charge in a silk bag which was rammed first.


20.3 cm K (E), Combat history
By 8 July 1942 two guns were assigned to Battery 687 and spent the rest of the war on coast defense duties at Lissewege, Belgium. This battery was later redesignated as 4th Battery, Army Coast Artillery Regiment (4./Heeres-Küstenartillerie-Regiment) 1240. Four weapons were assigned to Battery 532 in Paimpol, Brittany. This battery was later redesignated as Army Coast Artillery Battery 1272. Battery 685 was stationed in Auderville-Laye with 2 guns to defend the tip of the Cotentin Peninsula until being destroyed after the Americans isolated the peninsula on 18 June 1944. It was later redesignated as 3rd Battery, Army Coast Artillery Regiment 1262.


20.3 cm SK C/34 naval gun
The 20.3 cm SK C/34 was the main battery gun used on the German Admiral Hipper-class heavy cruisers.


20.3 cm SK C/34 naval gun, Description
These built-up guns consisted of a rifled tube encased within an inner and outer jacket with a horizontal sliding breech block. The breech was sealed with an 18 kg (40 lb) brass case containing 30 kg (66 lb) of smokeless powder with a 160 gram (5.6 oz) gunpowder igniter. A cloth bag containing an additional 21 kg (40 lb) of smokeless powder and 380 grams (13 oz) of gunpowder was loaded between the projectile and the brass case. Each gun could fire approximately five rounds per minute. Useful life expectancy was 510 effective full charges (EFC) per barrel.


20.3 cm SK C/34 naval gun, Naval service
Admiral Hipper, Blücher, and Prinz Eugen each mounted eight of these guns in 248-tonne Drh LC/34 twin turrets with a maximum elevation of 37 degrees.


20.3 cm SK C/34 naval gun, Coast defence guns
The four turrets intended for the incomplete cruiser Seydlitz were installed as coastal artillery in France. The turrets A (Anton) and D (Dora) at Battery Karola on the Ile de Re (4./Marine Artillerie Abteilung 282). And the turrets B (Bruno) and C (Cäsar) at Battery Seydlitz on the Ile de Croix (5./Marine Artillerie Abteilung 264).


20.3 cm SK C/34 naval gun, Railway guns
Eight barrels from the incomplete cruiser were given to the army and followed rebuild to 20.3 cm K (E) railway guns.


20.3 cm/45 Type 41 naval gun
The  20.3 cm/45 Type 41 naval gun was a Japanese naval and coast-defense gun used on cruisers of the Imperial Japanese Navy from the Russo-Japanese War through the end of World War II.


20.3 cm/45 Type 41 naval gun, Design and development
The 20.3 cm/45 Type 41 naval gun was a designation applied to existing foreign produced EOC 8 inch 45 caliber Pattern S, U, W guns which had been produced by Armstrong of Great Britain and Ansaldo of Italy and a license-produced Japanese variant. Licensed production of Japanese guns based on Pattern S drawings began in 1902 and in 1908 a modified version with a different rifling pattern and a resized propellant chamber was produced. Ships produced before 1902 in foreign shipyards most likely had Pattern S, U, W guns. While ships produced or refit after 1902 in Japanese shipyards most likely have Japanese-built guns. These weapons were officially designated as Type 41 on 25 December 1908, and re-designated again on 5 October 1917 in centimeters.


20.3 cm/45 Type 41 naval gun, Design and development
The first ship armed with these guns was the protected cruiser Takasago completed in 1898 by Armstrong and armed with Pattern S guns. The last ships armed with these guns were probably the Ibuki-class armored cruisers built between 1905–1911. This series of guns also armed the armored cruisers Asama, Azuma, Iwate, Izumo, Kasuga, Nisshin, Tokiwa and Yakumo. Many of these ships were disarmed under the conditions of the Washington Naval Treaty or subsequent London Naval Treaty and their guns converted into coastal artillery batteries, including installations at Tokyo Bay, Tarawa and later at Wake Island during World War II.


20.3 cm/45 Type 41 naval gun, Gallery
A single 8 inch gun on center pivot mounting for Japanese cruiser Takasago commissioned 1898.


20.3 cm/45 Type 41 naval gun, Gallery
A diagram of a twin 8 inch gun turret of Japanese Asama class cruiser.


20.3 cm/45 Type 41 naval gun, Gallery
Right elevation diagram of a twin 8 inch gun turret of Japanese Asama class cruiser.


20.3 cm/45 Type 41 naval gun, Gallery
Damage to Japanese armored cruiser Nisshin after one of its guns burst during the Battle of Tsushima in May 1905. The explosion injured future Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto.


20.3 cm/45 Type 41 naval gun, Gallery
One of the four destroyed Japanese eight-inch guns on Betio caused by naval gunfire and air strikes.


20.3 cm/45 Type 41 naval gun, Gallery
Possibly one of the same guns from a different angle.


20/20 (20/20 album)
20/20 is the debut studio album by American power pop band 20/20, released in 1979 by Portrait Records, a subsidiary of CBS.


20/20 (20/20 album), Critical reception
Trouser Press wrote that 20/20 "stands proudly" as one of the best power pop albums to date. Reviewing in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981), Robert Christgau said: "Just about all of these dense, cleverly constructed tunes would sound great on the radio. If they have some other reason for being, though, neither lyrics nor vocals—which seem to avoid both banality and its opposite as a simple matter of power pop taste—let on what it is. When CBS breaks a few hits off this we'll remember it as a classic. But CBS won't."


20/20 (American TV program)
20/20 (stylized as 2020) is an American television newsmagazine that has been broadcast on ABC since June 6, 1978. Created by ABC News executive Roone Arledge, the program was designed similarly to CBS's 60 Minutes in that it features in-depth story packages, although it focuses more on human interest stories than international and political subjects. The program's name derives from the "20/20" measurement of visual acuity.


20/20 (American TV program)
The two-hour-long program has been a staple on Friday evenings (currently airing at 9:00 p.m. Eastern Time Zone) for much of the time since it moved to that timeslot from Thursdays in September 1987, though special editions of the program occasionally air on other nights. For most of its history, it was led into by ABC's two-hour TGIF block of sitcoms.


20/20 (American TV program)
Since the fall of 2018, it has shifted to a two-hour format highlighting true crime stories and celebrity scandals rather than the traditional investigative journalism associated with newsmagazines, following the same programming direction as same-night competitor Dateline NBC.


20/20 (American TV program), History
The anchors on the premiere telecast of 20/20 were Esquire magazine editor Harold Hayes, who also served as the program's senior producer, and Time art critic Robert Hughes. The program's debut received largely harsh reviews; The New York Times described it as "dizzyingly absurd" and The Washington Post denounced it as "the trashiest stab at candycane journalism yet."


20/20 (American TV program), History
In his autobiography Roone: A Memoir, Roone Arledge recalled that probably the most embarrassing part of that initial program was the Claymation segments featuring caricatures representing then-President Jimmy Carter (singing "Georgia on My Mind") and Walter Cronkite (closing the program intoning, "That's the way it was"). As a result of the scathing reviews, serious and drastic changes were immediately made: Hayes and Hughes were fired (as was original executive producer Bob Shanks), and a then semi-retired Hugh Downs was recruited to take on the role of sole host on the following week's program.


20/20 (American TV program), History
Also featured in the premiere telecast of 20/20, the opening sequence consisted of a pair of eyeglasses, whose lenses showed colored bars, which are often seen in the SMPTE color bars (used when television stations were off the air between sign-off and sign-on). The eyeglasses were keyed over a yellow background, and rotated to its rear position to reveal the 20/20 studio.


20/20 (American TV program), History
With Downs hosting, 20/20 changed into a more standard yet unique newsmagazine and received kinder reviews from critics. The program was originally launched as a summer replacement series; it was then presented on a once-a-month basis during the 1978–79 television season, before being given a regular weekly timeslot on Thursdays at 10:00 pm. Eastern Time beginning May 31, 1979. Emmy Award-winning producer, Bernard I. Cohen began his career with ABC evening news in 1964. From 1979 to 1992, he was a lead Producer at 20/20 and helped solidify the program's top Nielsen Ratings.


20/20 (American TV program), History
Ratings were generally very good during the summer months during its eight years on Thursday nights despite competition from Knots Landing on CBS and Hill Street Blues on NBC. It was around this time that the program started using the Brock Brower-written signoff line "We're in touch, so you be in touch" to end each program, which continues to be used to now (the program also used the line "Around the world and into your home, the stories that touch your life" as the introduction during the program's opening titles for much of the 1990s).


20/20 (American TV program), History
Barbara Walters joined the program in 1979 in a role something less than a co-anchor and soon became a regular special contributor in the fall of 1981. In 1984, she became Hugh Downs's equal, thus reuniting a duo which had already anchored together on NBC's Today from 1964 to 1971. The team would remain together on-air for the next 15 years.


20/20 (American TV program), History
In the fall of 1987, 20/20 was moved to Fridays at 10:00 pm. Eastern; while in that timeslot, it ranked at 21st place in the annual Nielsen ratings by the 1991–92 season. It aired in that same Friday time slot until the fall of 2001, when ABC briefly replaced the program with the scripted family drama series Once and Again, only for 20/20 to return to the lineup again four months later; it has basically retained the timeslot ever since. While the program briefly moved to the 8:00 p.m. timeslot on October 12, 2007, it reverted to its usual time two weeks later.


20/20 (American TV program), History
In 1997, a second weekly edition of 20/20 made its debut on Thursday evenings. For a time from 1998 to 2000, ABC News chose to consolidate its newsmagazine programs by combining 20/20 and Primetime Live into a singular brand under the 20/20 name and format to compete with Dateline NBC, which itself ran for four nights a week at the time (Dateline has since been reduced to twice weekly airings).


20/20 (American TV program), History
At its peak, 20/20 ran on Mondays, Wednesdays and Sundays, in addition to its longtime Friday timeslot; these additional nights of 20/20 were joined by the younger-skewing 20/20 Downtown on Thursday nights. In 2000, ABC reinstated Primetime under the title Primetime Thursday, and spun off 20/20 Downtown as a separate newsmagazine simply titled Downtown. By early 2002, 20/20 once again was airing only in its original Friday timeslot.


20/20 (American TV program), History
On March 3, 1999, Monica Lewinsky, the former White House intern who was infamously revealed to have been involved in an affair with then-President Bill Clinton a few years earlier, was interviewed by Barbara Walters on the program; that particular edition of 20/20 was watched by an estimated 70 million viewers, which ABC stated was a record audience for a news program.


20/20 (American TV program), History
After Downs' retirement in 1999, Walters became the solo anchor of 20/20. This lasted until John Miller was hired as a permanent co-host of the program in 2002; Miller never got very comfortable in the anchor chair, and a year later, he jumped at the chance to rejoin law enforcement. For a few months in early 2003, Barbara Walters temporarily anchored solo again. However, in May of that year, John Stossel – an investigative correspondent for the program who was behind the controversial, though popular, "Give Me a Break" segments – was named as Walters' new co-anchor. As one of the first veteran anchors, Barbara Walters chose to go into semi-retirement as a broadcast journalist in 2004. However, she remained with 20/20 as a frequent contributor to the program. ABC News correspondent Elizabeth Vargas was promoted to the co-anchor position.


20/20 (American TV program), History
In September 2009, before the start of its 31st season, John Stossel announced he would leave the program after 28 years to pursue a new weekly show on Fox Business. Barbara Walters and Diane Sawyer also contributed reports. On December 10, 2009, ABC News announced that Good Morning America news anchor Chris Cuomo was promoted to co-host 20/20 alongside Elizabeth Vargas.


20/20 (American TV program), History
On January 29, 2013, it was announced that Chris Cuomo would leave ABC News and 20/20 for CNN to co-host the cable network's new morning news program, New Day; on the same day, ABC announced David Muir would join Elizabeth Vargas as the new co-anchor of the program, in addition to continuing as weekend anchor of ABC World News Tonight (a role he retains after being appointed to main anchor of the since-renamed ABC World News Tonight in September 2014).


20/20 (American TV program), History
The program expanded once again on March 2, 2013, with the debut of 20/20 Saturday, which mainly features rebroadcasts of archived stories from previous editions of 20/20 (mainly those dating back as early as 2008) in the same single topic format as the flagship Friday broadcasts. 20/20 Saturday airs outside of college football season, at either 9:00 p.m. as a two-hour broadcast formatted as separate hour-long episodes centered on two different topics or at 10:00 pm. Eastern Time as an hour-long broadcast, depending on the programs that precede it that given week. Barbara Walters originally served as host of the program until her retirement from regular television broadcasting in May 2014, after which the hosting duties were turned over the anchors of the Friday editions.


20/20 (American TV program), History
On December 22, 2017, Elizabeth Vargas announced that she would be leaving 20/20 and ABC News at the end of May. On April 23, 2018, Good Morning America news anchor Amy Robach was announced to take over as co-anchor alongside Muir in May.


20/20 (American TV program), History, 20/20 Downtown
Unlike most other newsmagazines, 20/20 Downtown was never carried by any big name anchor. An ensemble team of anchors fronted the broadcast, which was aimed at attracting younger viewers, but was hampered by many of the network's larger market network affiliate stations bumping the program to late night or weekend timeslots to accommodate local pre-game shows or coach's shows/highlight recap programming dealing with NFL or college football teams preceding ABC's Monday Night Football. The anchor/reporting duties were filled by the team of Elizabeth Vargas, Cynthia McFadden, Chris Cuomo, Jay Schadler and John Quiñones. The program was renamed Downtown but was canceled in 2002. In 2003, the program returned for one season as Primetime Monday, with the same anchors and format.


20/20 (American TV program), History, Special episodes
Even though 20/20 still occasionally uses a multiple topic format, the program has seen a gradual shift towards single topic editions since the late 2000s (similar to what has occurred with Dateline NBC since around the same timeframe, although continuing to include a wider range of topics), either in the form of various story packages that relate to the topic or a focus on a single story. These include:


20/20 (American TV program), History, Special episodes
A two-hour special edition of the program that aired on December 15, 2008, Drama High: The Making of a High School Musical, documented the journey of students at Westfield High, a predominantly white school in Virginia as it staged The Wiz, the Adaptions of The Wizard of Oz of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. This program was a departure from 20/20's usual format in that it featured no correspondent or narration to tell the story, instead telling it through the students' intimate video diaries.


20/20 (American TV program), History, Special episodes
A two-hour special entitled Last Days on Earth, which aired in August 2006, discussed seven different scenarios in which life on Earth could end; the edition has since aired on History.


20/20 (American TV program), History, Special episodes
Hidden America: Children of the Plains, a 20/20 special hosted by Diane Sawyer that aired on October 14, 2011, reported on the children of South Dakota's Pine Ridge Reservation, the poorest Native Americans in the United States reservation in the poorest county in the United States.


20/20 (American TV program), History, Special episodes
A live prime-time special titled Pandemic: What You Need to Know – A Special Edition of 20/20 aired on March 16, 2020.


20/20 (American TV program), History, Special episodes
A live prime-time special titled America Rising: Fighting the Pandemic – A Special Edition of 20/20 aired on March 30, 2020.


20/20 (American TV program), History, Special episodes
A prime-time investigation special titled American Catastrophe: How Did We Get Here? – A Special Edition of 20/20 aired on July 28, 2020.


20/20 (American TV program), History, Special episodes
A prime-time special focused on the life of Regis Philbin titled Regis Philbin: The Morning Maestro – A Special Edition of 20/20 aired on July 28, 2020.


20/20 (American TV program), History, Special episodes
A prime-time interview with former Vice President Joe Biden and Senator Kamala Harris titled The Ticket: The First Interview – A Special Edition of 20/20 aired on August 23, 2020.


20/20 (American TV program), History, Special episodes
A prime-time special titled The President and the People: a 20/20 Special Event aired on September 15, 2020.


20/20 (American TV program), History, Special episodes
A prime-time special titled $ellebrity: The Go-To Girls – A Special Edition of 20/20 aired on September 27, 2020.


20/20 (American TV program), History, Special episodes
A prime-time special titled Trump vs. Biden: The Main Event – A Special Edition of 20/20 aired on September 29, 2020.


20/20 (American TV program), History, Special episodes
A prime-time special titled The Vice President and the People – A Special Edition of 20/20 will aired on October 15, 2020.


20/20 (American TV program), History, Special episodes
A prime-time special titled Trump vs. Biden: The Final Presidential Debate – A Special Edition of 20/20 aired on October 22, 2020.


20/20 (American TV program), History, Special episodes
A prime-time special focused on the life of Alex Trebek titled Alex Trebek, Remembered: A '20/20' Special aired on November 8, 2020.


20/20 (American TV program), History, Special episodes
A prime-time special focused on the COVID-19 vaccine titled The Shot: Race for the Vaccine – A Special Edition of 20/20 aired on December 14, 2020.


20/20 (American TV program), Theme music
The distinctive theme music to 20/20 was written by Robert Arnold Israel Sr. (who among other credits, also co-wrote theme music for now-cancelled fellow ABC series All My Children and One Life to Live) and based upon the longtime Lillian Scheinert-written theme used for ABC World News Tonight. The original theme was revamped around 1993, and was subsequently replaced in 1999, along with the 20/20 logo and the anchor desk on the program's set. Finally the orchestral 20/20 theme was updated in 2001, along with a few modifications in 2003 and 2005. In 2009, the theme was once again revamped, and once more in 2010, along with new graphics to reflect the news magazine's new darker tone; this new theme was written by DreamArtists Studios. In 2012 the theme was revamped, again arranged by DreamArtists Studios.


20/20 (American TV program), Syndication
True crime-focused episodes of the series air in first-run syndication on Oprah Winfrey Network and Investigation Discovery as 20/20 on OWN/ID.


20/20 (Canadian TV program)
20/20 is a Canadian half-hour television documentary program which aired on CBC Television between April 22, 1962, and September 24, 1967. 20/20 was broadcast in the daytime in various timeslots. The program featured episodes about life in Canada, and was narrated by Harry Mannis and produced by Thom Benson (1962–63) and Richard Knowles (1963–67).


20/20 (Colombian TV program)
20/20 was a Colombian news program produced by Jorge Barón Televisión aired on Canal Uno and hosted by Jorge Barón. It was cancelled in 2001.


20/20 (Dilated Peoples album)
20/20 is the fourth album from West Coast hip hop group Dilated Peoples. Following the mixed reviews from their 2004 album Neighborhood Watch, the group was able to reclaim some of their past acclaim with 20/20, but not on the level of their first two efforts The Platform and Expansion Team. The album's lead single, "Back Again", was not able to make a strong impact, partly due to MTV refusing to play the video, due to a scene in which Rakaa wears a bulletproof vest. Back Again also appears in the EA Sports videogame "Fight Night Round 3".


20/20 (George Benson album)
20/20 is the 22nd studio album by George Benson, released on the Warner Bros. record label in 1985. The lead single by the same name reached #48 on the Billboard Hot 100. The album was certified Gold by the RIAA. "You Are the Love of My Life" is a duet with Roberta Flack; it was one of numerous songs used for Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo on the American soap opera Santa Barbara. Also included on 20/20 is the original version of the song "Nothing's Gonna Change My Love for You" which would later become a smash hit for Hawaiian singer Glenn Medeiros.


20/20 (George Benson album)
Songwriters on the album include: Clif Magness, Mark Mueller, Tom Keane, James Newton Howard, Steve Lukather, Cruz Sembello, Daniel Sembello, Jon Sembello, Michael Sembello, Michael Masser, Gerry Goffin, Charles Trenet, Jack Lawrence, Cecil Womack, Linda Womack, Randy Goodrum, Steve Kipner, Neil Larsen, and Linda Creed.


20/20 (New Zealand TV programme)
20/20 is a New Zealand documentary television programme hosted by Carolyn Robinson, and based on the ABC programme of the same name.


20/20 (New Zealand TV programme)
Between 1993 and 2014, the show contained a mix of locally-produced and American content. The show now presents stories largely produced by its American counterpart, with a local presenter providing context at the beginning. The show uses the same graphics and theme music as the American version.


20/20 (New Zealand TV programme)
From 1993 until 2003, the show was broadcast on Three, and was hosted by Louise Wallace. The format was then picked up by TVNZ, and was hosted on TVNZ 2 first by Miriama Kamo until 2011, then by Sonya Wilson until 2014. In its latest iteration, the show is presented by Carolyn Robinson, and has been broadcast on TVNZ 1 since 2016. Producer Susie Nordqvist is the show's back-up presenter.


20/20 (Saga album)
20/20 is the twentieth studio album by Canadian rock band Saga. The album marked the return of original singer Michael Sadler. The album charted at No. 13 in Germany, the highest since their 1985 release Behaviour.


20/20 (Spyro Gyra album)
20/20 is the twentieth album by the American jazz group Spyro Gyra, released in 1997 by GRP Records.


20/20 (The Beach Boys album)
20/20 is the 15th studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released February 10, 1969 on Capitol Records. The LP was named for being their 20th overall album release. Much of it consists of outtakes from earlier albums. It reached number 3 on UK record charts and number 68 in the US. Brian Wilson was absent during most of the album's recording after admitting himself into a psychiatric hospital, requiring brothers Carl and Dennis to retrieve several outtakes he had recorded years earlier. While Brian does not appear on the front cover, the inner gatefold of the original vinyl release features him alone, behind an eye examination chart.


20/20 (The Beach Boys album)
The singles "Do It Again" and "Bluebirds over the Mountain" preceded the album's release by several months. The former was the band's first attempt at revisiting the surf sound they had abandoned since All Summer Long, topping UK and Australian charts, and the latter contained the B-side "Never Learn Not to Love", based on a song by Charles Manson. The other singles were "I Can Hear Music" and a rerecorded version of "Cotton Fields". In 2018, session highlights, outtakes, and alternate takes were released for the compilation I Can Hear Music: The 20/20 Sessions.


20/20 (The Beach Boys album), Background
On June 24, 1968, the Beach Boys released the album Friends, which peaked at number 126 and remained on the Billboard Top LPs chart for 10 weeks. It became the group's worst-selling album to date, with record sales in the US estimated at 18,000 units. To recuperate from the album's poor sales, the band quickly released the standalone single "Do It Again". The song was a self-conscious throwback to the group's early surf songs, and the first time they had embraced the subject matter since 1964. It reached the US top twenty and became their second number one hit in the UK. Biographer Chrisian Matijas-Mecca wrote that "while this may have been some of Brian's strongest work of the period, it did nothing to reverse the band's decline in popularity."


20/20 (The Beach Boys album), Background
Brian Wilson said that by early 1968, the group had begun losing thousands of dollars "on stupid things ... cars, houses ... bad investments ... a heck of a lot of corporation money on Brother Records, our own company, and in boosting other artists who just didn't make it, and didn't have a single hit." One of these artists was Ron Wilson (no relation to Brian), who co-wrote "We're Together Again" with him for the Beach Boys, but the group's recording was left unreleased.


20/20 (The Beach Boys album), Background
In turn, Brian produced an ultimately unsuccessful solo single for Ron, a cover of "As Tears Go By", which was released by Columbia Records in September. Another artist that the group worked with was ex-convict Charles Manson, who was then seeking a career as a singer-songwriter. Dennis Wilson befriended Manson and was interested in signing him to Brother Records. Brian and Carl Wilson (not Dennis as is sometimes suggested) proceeded to co-produce several tracks for Manson at the Beach Boys' private studio located in Brian's home. These recordings remain unheard by the public.


20/20 (The Beach Boys album), Background
Over the summer of 1968, Brian attempted to record an arrangement of the 1927 show tune "Ol' Man River". According to music writer Brian Chidester, the session tapes "reveal Wilson conducting the Beach Boys to such extreme perfectionism that both he and the band seem at the end of their rope with one another". Friend and Three Dog Night singer Danny Hutton recalled that Brian expressed suicidal wishes at the time, and that it was "when [Brian's] real decline started". Afterward, Brian was admitted to a psychiatric hospital, possibly of his own volition.


20/20 (The Beach Boys album), Background
Brian's issues were not disclosed to the public, and sessions continued in his absence. Once discharged, Brian rarely finished any tracks for the band, leaving much of his subsequent Beach Boys output for Carl Wilson to complete. Regarding Brian's participation on the group's recordings from then, band engineer Stephen Desper said that Brian remained "indirectly involved with production" through Carl. Dennis said that Brian began to have "no involvement at all", which forced the group to "find things that [he] worked on and try and piece it together."


20/20 (The Beach Boys album), Recording and content, Older songs
The two oldest tracks on 20/20 were sourced from late 1966 sessions for the band's unfinished album Smile. "Our Prayer" is a wordless hymn composed by Brian, while "Cabinessence" is a song written by Brian and Van Dyke Parks. Both tracks were given additional vocal overdubs by Carl and Dennis Wilson in November 1968 at Capitol Studios. According to biographer Peter Ames Carlin, Brian was opposed to the inclusion of those tracks and refused the invitation to participate in the overdub sessions. Stephen Desper commented that "Cabinessence" was "finished, more or less, with Brian's guidance through Carl."


20/20 (The Beach Boys album), Recording and content, Older songs
"Bluebirds over the Mountain" is a cover of the 1958 Ersel Hickey song, produced by Bruce Johnston in September 1967 at Western Studio and completed in October 1968 at Bell Sound. "Time to Get Alone" was written and produced by Brian for the group Redwood (later Three Dog Night) between sessions for the Beach Boys' Wild Honey (1967). It was completed by the Beach Boys in November 1968 at their studio.


20/20 (The Beach Boys album), Recording and content, May – July 1968 sessions
"Do It Again", a Brian Wilson and Mike Love collaboration, was the first track that was worked on after concluding the sessions for Friends. It was recorded in May and June 1968, released as a single two weeks later, and ultimately chosen as the opening track for 20/20. Brian later called it the finest song that he wrote on the album. The album mix differs slightly in that it briefly segues into another Smile outtake, "Workshop", which consists of construction noises and sounds from carpentry tools.


20/20 (The Beach Boys album), Recording and content, May – July 1968 sessions
"I Went to Sleep" is a waltz written by Brian and Carl with a gentle mood and observational lyrics similar to other Brian songs of the period. "The Nearest Faraway Place" is an instrumental produced by Bruce Johnston with the string arrangement by Van McCoy. The title came from a Life magazine article written by Shana Alexander.


20/20 (The Beach Boys album), Recording and content, May – July 1968 sessions
Leftover tracks from these initial sessions included "All I Wanna Do", "Well You Know I Knew", "Been Way Too Long" (also known as "Can't Wait Too Long"), "Walk On By", "We're Together Again", "Sail Plane Song" (also known as "Loop de Loop"), "Ol' Man River", "Walkin'", and a demo of "Mona Kona". "Been Way Too Long" is an unfinished song started by Brian in 1967. "Walk On By" is a cover of the 1963 Burt Bacharach/Hal David song, recorded at Brian's studio on the same day as the first "Do It Again" session.


20/20 (The Beach Boys album), Recording and content, May – July 1968 sessions
"Ol' Man River" was intended to be in medley with the standard "Old Folks at Home". "Walkin'" is a song written and sung by Brian that was worked on for two days in June 1968. Band archivist Mark Linett said "he gets so disgusted singing it that you hear him throw down his headphones and that's the last time anybody ever heard of it." Also recorded, according to band manager Nick Grillo, was "a hundred hours of [Manson's] music at [Brian's home] studio".


20/20 (The Beach Boys album), Recording and content, September – November 1968 sessions
For the majority of July and August, the Beach Boys toured the US and appeared on a few television talk shows. Most of the subsequent new material was tracked at Capitol Studios. Carl produced a rendition of the Ronettes' 1966 song "I Can Hear Music" for the group, and it was the first time he was given a sole production credit. Brian said that he also contributed to the recording, explaining "I wanted the instrumental track ... to be smooth and subliminal. I used acoustic guitars. Carl wailed on the lead."


20/20 (The Beach Boys album), Recording and content, September – November 1968 sessions
Biographer David Leaf called it "the turning point in the transition of musical control in the Beach Boys from Brian to Carl". Brian also produced a version of Huddie Ledbetter's "Cotton Fields" that he later called "one of the best [records] we've ever made". The idea was suggested by bandmate Al Jardine, who thought they might be able to replicate the success of "Sloop John B" (1966).


20/20 (The Beach Boys album), Recording and content, September – November 1968 sessions
"Never Learn Not to Love" was originally written by Charles Manson under the title "Cease to Exist". According to Carlin, Manson penned "Cease to Exist" specifically for the Beach Boys to record, and biographer Steven Gaines said that Manson "reportedly" wrote the song to help ease tensions within the group. In exchange for the publishing rights to "Cease to Exist", Manson agreed to a sum of cash and a BSA motorcycle. Dennis produced the Beach Boys' version in September 1968, reworking the song's bluesy structure and altering its lyric (the opening lyric "Cease to exist" modified to "Cease to resist"). The title was also changed to "Never Learn Not to Love", much to Manson's indignation. In 1971, when asked why he did not credit Manson, Dennis answered: "He didn't want that. He wanted money instead. I gave him about a hundred thousand dollars' worth of stuff."


20/20 (The Beach Boys album), Recording and content, September – November 1968 sessions
Dennis wrote and produced two more songs that appear on the album. "Be with Me" was described by Leaf as "dark and eerie ... perfectly capturing his emotions of the era." "All I Want to Do" is a rocker that features the sounds of Dennis having sexual intercourse with a groupie. Also recorded was Dennis' "A Time to Live in Dreams" (released on 2001's Hawthorne, CA) and "Mona Kana" (released on 2013's Made in California).


20/20 (The Beach Boys album), Release and reception
Lead single "Bluebirds over the Mountain" (backed with "Never Learn Not to Love") was issued on November 29, 1968 in the UK (number 33) and three days later in the US (number 61), becoming the group's lowest-charting single since their 1961 debut "Surfin'". According to biographer Keith Badman, "the new recordings mark[ed] the emergence of Carl and Dennis as producers and of Steve Desper as the group's engineer. Desper is now part of the Beach Boys' fold and remains a chief engineer on their work early into the next decade." After touring the UK in December, the Beach Boys returned to Brian's studio to work on the music that would become Sunflower (1970).


20/20 (The Beach Boys album), Release and reception
Released on February 10, 1969, 20/20 sold better than Friends, peaking at number 3 in the UK and reaching number 68 in the US. The cover photo included every member of the group except Brian, which Matijas-Mecca referred to as "a sign that the group was determined to forge their own identity without their founding architect." A photograph of Brian hiding behind an eye examination chart does appear on the gatefold cover.


20/20 (The Beach Boys album), Release and reception
Rolling Stone reviewer Arthur Schmidt said the album was "good, [but] flawed mainly by a lack of direction (a sense of direction being last evident in Wild Honey), more a collection than a whole." An uncredited writer from Hit Parader opined that it was the band's best album since Pet Sounds and an improvement over "the last couple of baffling Beach Boys albums." A reviewer for the underground paper Rat Subterranean News commented that even though it was "against all my carefully established principles to like The Beach Boys," he enjoyed the LP, yet described most of side one as "weak".


20/20 (The Beach Boys album), Release and reception
In August, Charles Manson and his cult of followers committed the Tate–LaBianca murders, and three months later, were apprehended by police. Their former connections with Dennis and the Beach Boys became the subject of media attention. Manson was later convicted for several counts of murder and conspiracy to murder. During the trial, Manson released his debut album, Lie: The Love and Terror Cult, which included his original arrangement of "Cease to Exist".


20/20 (The Beach Boys album), Release and reception
[ 20/20 was] the only letdown of the Beach Boys' career that embarrassed me through and through ... it was the first album the group made that was completely disjointed.


20/20 (The Beach Boys album), Release and reception
Among retrospective assessments of 20/20, critic Richie Unterberger wrote that it was "one of their better post-Pet Sounds records ... The highlights, however, were a couple of Smile-session-era tunes ...  as hard as they were trying to establish their identity as an integrated band in the late '60s, their new recordings were overshadowed by the bits and pieces of Smile that emerged at the time." Biographer David Leaf called it "one of the most artistically interesting releases of their career and certainly one of the stronger later LPs." Peter Ames Carlin wrote that "whatever the album lacked in thematic coherence, it made up in the quality of the pieces contributed by each band member." Brooklyn Vegan's Andrew Sacher said that the first side is "uneven and often disappointing", yet side two is "almost flawless".


20/20 (The Beach Boys album), Track listing
Producer credits are as noted on the original vinyl disc. Charles Manson's contributions to "Never Learn Not to Love" remain uncredited.


20/20 (The Beach Boys album), Track listing, I Can Hear Music
On December 7, 2018, Capitol released I Can Hear Music: The 20/20 Sessions, a digital-only compilation. Included are session highlights, outtakes, and alternate versions of 20/20 tracks, as well as some unreleased material by Dennis Wilson. It was released in conjunction with Wake the World: The Friends Sessions. The compilations were not issued on physical media due to the record company's wish not to interfere with the release of The Beach Boys with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. In 2021, I Can Hear Music was followed with Feel Flows: The Sunflower and Surf's Up Sessions.


20/20 (The Beach Boys album), Personnel
Per Craig Slowinski. This list does not include complete personnel credits for "Time to Get Alone" and "Cabinessence".


20/20 (Trip Lee album)
20/20 is the second studio album from Christian rap artist Trip Lee. The album was released in 2008, through Reach Records. The album debuted at No. 193 on the Billboard 200.


20/20 (Trip Lee album), Reception
The album received generally positive reviews; Trailblaza of Rapzilla had the following to say about the album. "Overall, this is a very solid sophomore release from Trip Lee and 20/20 definitely accomplishes its intended goal of seeing the Lord clearer. If you don't walk away from this album with 20/20 vision of our Lord, then you need to take your spiritual blinders off and listen to this album again."


20/20 (Trip Lee album), Track listing
All tracks are written by William Barefield, except where noted.


20/20 (band)
20/20 was an American power pop band based in Hollywood, California. They were active from 1977 to 1983 and reunited during the mid-1990s to the late 1990s. In the mid-1970s, Steve Allen and Ron Flynt played together in Tulsa. Allen and Flynt were graduates of Nathan Hale High School, and both attended Oklahoma State University, where Flynt earned a degree in music. Allen decided to move to Los Angeles in 1977 after fellow Tulsa natives Phil Seymour and Dwight Twilley met with success.


20/20 (band)
Once in Los Angeles, Allen met with Mike Gallo (singer/songwriter/keyboardist/drummer), who had already conceived of the idea and name for the band (after having spent time in the UK). Gallo first started writing with Allen, and later auditioned Allen's friend from Tulsa, Ron Flynt, for 20/20. The three-piece band signed with Greg Shaw's Bomp! Records in 1978 to record a single. Between the release of the single, and their first LP on Portrait Records, Chris Silagyi joined the band as a keyboardist.


20/20 (band), Personnel changes and break-up
During the recording of the first album, Gallo was let go from the band. Phil Seymour played drums on all of the album's songs except one. Afterwards Joel Turrisi joined and played on Look Out!, their second album. The third album, Sex Trap, was recorded with drummer Dean Korth and released on Mainway Records, followed by a later release on Enigma Records. 20/20 then split up.


20/20 (band), Personnel changes and break-up
Flynt moved to Austin, opened his own recording studio, and headlined the 2005 Austin music festival with a newly released CD on Zip records including the powerpop tune "Mary's World". Steve Allen moved to Nashville, Tennessee and continued to record and write music there. Chris Silagyi became a record (The Untouchables, Dave Alvin, The Redskins) and video producer. Joel Turrisi became an actor and works in other areas of film & music. After splitting with 20/20 in late 1979 (and taking twenty unreleased/recorded 20/20 songs, which he is the sole writer, with him) Mike Gallo went on to form the bands RadioMusic and Two Moons, and signed a publishing deal with Warner/Chappell.


20/20 (band), Current activities
Five band members now operate five different recording studios in five different cities. Ron Flynt - Jumping Dog Studio in Austin, Texas. Headlined the 2005 Austin music festival, and released a solo album on Zip Records with such tunes as the power-pop track "Mary's World". Steve Allen - Blue Planet Studio in Nashville, Tennessee. Currently plays with The Long Players band. Chris Silagyi - PlayBox Music Room in Pinon Pines, CA. Also became a record (The Untouchables, Dave Alvin, The Redskins) and video producer. He currently plays with The Ex Teens. Bill Belknap - Long Branch Studio in Tulsa, Oklahoma.


20/20 (band), Current activities
Joel Turrisi - VFG Productions/Panaview filters in West Hollywood CA. Works in acting and other film/music areas. Mike Gallo - Opened his own label, Two Moons Records, in 2008 to release his catalog (previously unreleased 20/20 recordings, and Gallo's two post-20/20 bands, RadioMusic and Two Moons). He writes and records at home, and also signed a publishing deal with Warner/Chappell. Mike is currently focused on songwriting, his label and publishing. Dean Korth - Currently plays with the band The Catalina Scramblers in Santa Cruz, CA.


20/20 (spreadsheet software)
20/20 is a discontinued spreadsheet program developed by Access Technology Inc., of South Natick, Massachusetts, and later sold by CA Technologies. For a while, it was the dominant spreadsheet on VAX minicomputers. It was a direct competitor to Lotus 1-2-3, and was available for more operating systems than 1-2-3. 20/20 's performance specifications were similar to those of 1-2-3.


20/20 (spreadsheet software)
The software was originally titled "Supercomp-20". It was renamed 20/20, and was available for AT&T Unix, DEC VAX, Prime Computers, the IBM RS/6000, Data General and IBM-compatible PCs. It was the first spreadsheet with integrated database and graphics support available for Unix. In 1989, a version was released with real-time data updating. 20/20 also had macros (called "command files" in the documentation), and a goal-seeking facility, which allowed the user to choose a desired value for a result cell, and vary an input cell automatically until the desired result was achieved.


20/20 Vision (Anti-Flag album)
20/20 Vision is the twelfth studio album by American punk rock band Anti-Flag from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was released on January 17, 2020, via Spinefarm Records. Recording sessions took place at Dog House Studios and at MDDN Studio from July to August 2019. Production was handled by Matt Good. The album focuses on themes of anti-fascism and political optimism in the face of distressing circumstances, and encourages its audience to organize and work towards a better future. On October 30, 2020, a deluxe version of the album including 5 new songs was released titled 20/20 Division.


20/20 Vision (Ronnie Milsap album)
20/20 Vision is the seventh studio album by the country music artist Ronnie Milsap, released in 1976.


20/20 Vision (Ronnie Milsap album), Track listing
Note: The song "You Snap Your Fingers (And I'm Back in Your Hands)" later appeared as a track on his 1989 album Stranger Things Have Happened.


20/20 Vision (The Twilight Zone)
"20/20 Vision" is the forty-seventh episode and the twelfth episode of the third season (1988–89) of the television series The Twilight Zone.


20/20 Vision (The Twilight Zone), Opening narration
Focus on Warren Cribbens, a myopic little man. Precise with figures, awkward with people. His horizons? A bottom line dotted with decimal points. But his safety in numbers is about to be erased.


20/20 Vision (The Twilight Zone), Plot
It is opening time at the local farmer's bank and teller Sandy is at the door letting customers inside the building. When business starts to pick up, officer of the bank Mr. Warren Cribbens is called into the bank manager Mr. Cutler's office. He tells Cribbens how efficient and hard-working he is and offers him a promotion to bank loan officer. Cribbens is apprehensive about this change and feels he isn't cut out for that particular position, but Cutler doesn't pay attention to him.


20/20 Vision (The Twilight Zone), Plot
When Cribbens leaves Cutler's office, Sandy bumps into him and accidentally steps on his glasses and cracks them. After a blowup on the phone with a defaulted loan, Cribbens looks through his cracked glasses and sees a teller accidentally drop a large denomination bill into a trash can. When he tells her about it, they look and see nothing, but later she does drop the bill and thanks him for noticing. He then is told to foreclose on any mortgages that are outstanding and can't pay. But when he looks at the unfortunate people through his cracked glasses, he sees their desperate future—which will happen if he goes through with the foreclosures. He tries to help but nothing seems to work out.


20/20 Vision (The Twilight Zone), Plot
When Cribbens talks to Sandy about how to deal with the problem, he sees her future - she falls off a ladder and breaks her neck. He begs her to be careful around the bank and then withdraws money out of his own account to give one of the farmers a personal loan. In Cutler's office, he wants Cribbens to offer the farmer bottom dollar for his land since he is so far in debt he'll take anything.


20/20 Vision (The Twilight Zone), Plot
Cribbens puts on his glasses to find out Cutler is being shady about the foreclosures because he will get some kickback from a big highway going through the farmland while these people will lose their homes. When Cutler finds out about Cribbens' loan to the farmer he fires him. Just then, Sandy falls from the ladder but Cribbens saves her in time. She apologizes for breaking his glasses again but he assures her not to worry as he doesn't need them anymore.


20/20 Vision (The Twilight Zone), Closing narration
Accidents will happen, and Warren Cribbens had a lucky break. Instead of blindly following orders, his eyes were opened and he saw humanity and discovered it was his greatest asset. Add him to the list of those who have peered into...the Twilight Zone.


20/20 Vision (The Twilight Zone), Notes
This episode is based loosely on the original series episode "A Penny for Your Thoughts", starring Dick York as a bank officer who, because of an odd twist of luck, becomes able to read people's thoughts and uses it to help the bank, an old man, and himself.


20/20: In an Instant
In an Instant (or 20/20: In an Instant) is an American documentary series on ABC. The show premiered on March 6, 2015, before moving to its regular timeslot on Fridays at 9:00 pm. The show follows people who have gone through life changing events as they come to terms and relive the moments.


20/20: In an Instant
On May 24, 2016, the show was renewed for a second season, which premiered on June 18, 2016, and ran for six consecutive weeks. The season finale aired on July 23, 2016. On May 19, 2017, the show was renewed for a third season, which premiered on June 3, 2017.


20/25TP
The 20/25TP (dwudziestotonowy polski/dwudziestopięciotonowy polski; 20-tonne Polish/25-tonne Polish) was a Polish medium tank concept that was never built. There were three projects designed by KSUS and BBTBr.Panc. and PZInż which even managed to build a wooden model of it. The name 20/25TP is not official. It was created by Janusz Magunski analogously to nomenclature used for other Polish tanks of that period. According to different classification it could be medium tank or heavy tank.


20/25TP, Design
KSUS project was in two variants, assuming the usage of 75 mm anti-aircraft gun and 35 mm armor. There were also two turrets at the front of the vehicle equipped with heavy machine guns and one heavy machine gun in the main turret. Weight of the tank was 22 tonnes. The drive consisted of two petrol engines of 300 hp each. The ability to cross the ditches reached 2.5 meters, wading depth reached up to 1.2 m. The tank would have a length of 7.3 m, width 2.6 m, height 2.8 m Assumed speed of travel on the road was 45 km/h. The crew was six people.


20/25TP, Design
Tank by BBTBr.Panc. had a 75 mm Bofors gun and coupled with it  40 mm Bofors L/60 cannon, three heavy machine guns, 50 mm armor, and the weight of 23 tons. However, this project had a weak engine with only 500 hp. Its top speed was 40 km / h with the crew of five people. As the only one turret.


20/25TP, Design
PZInż project was equipped with a 75 mm anti-aircraft gun wz.22/24, one heavy machine gun and 60 mm armor. It was also the heaviest - the weight would be 25 tons.


20/577 Alexander Henry
The 20/577 Alexander Henry, also known as 20/577 Express, is an obsolete rifle cartridge.


20/577 Alexander Henry, Overview
The 20/577 Alexander Henry was developed and introduced by the Scottish gunmaker Alexander Henry around 1895 exclusively for his hunting rifles.


20/577 Alexander Henry, Overview
The 20/577 Alexander Henry is a rimmed, bottlenecked centerfire rifle cartridge. The 20/577 Alexander Henry is derived from brass 20 bore cartridges necked down to accept a .584 in (14.8 mm) calibre bullet like the .577 Black Powder Express.


20/577 Alexander Henry, Overview
The 20/577 Alexander Henry fired a 560 or 570 gr (36 or 37 g) lead, paper patched bullet driven by 6 drams (10.6 g) of blackpowder at 1,725 ft/s (526 m/s), its ballistic performance replicating that of the .577 Black Powder Express 3-inch. Later versions were loaded with mild loadings of cordite, carefully balanced through trial to replicate the ballistics of the blackpowder version, a copper-tubed lead bullet was also available, offering improved performance against dangerous game.


200
Year 200 (CC) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Severus and Victorinus (or, less frequently, year 953 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 200 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.


200 (Criminal Minds)
"200" is the fourteenth episode of the ninth season of the American police procedural crime drama television series Criminal Minds, and is the 200th episode overall, which aired on CBS on February 5, 2014. The episode was written by Rick Dunkle and directed by Larry Teng.


200 (Criminal Minds)
At the time of its initial release, the episode was watched by 12.92 million viewers and received mixed reviews but television critics praised A.J. Cook's performance.


200 (Criminal Minds), Plot
After being abducted at the end of the previous episode, JJ (A. J. Cook) wakes restrained. She recognizes her captor, who drugs her.


200 (Criminal Minds), Plot
In a flashback to the U.S. Operations Camp in Afghanistan in 2010, JJ meets with Section Chief Erin Strauss (Jayne Atkinson). JJ has been assigned to a task force that is looking for Osama bin Laden, and will interrogate female suspects without the brutality used on male suspects. JJ meets Mateo Cruz (Esai Morales); Michael Hastings (Tahmoh Penikett); and Tivon Askari (Faran Tahir), her interpreter.


200 (Criminal Minds), Plot
In the present day, the Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU) learns of her disappearance and that she previously worked with their new Section Chief, Cruz, who is also missing. While looking through JJ’s old office, Rossi (Joe Mantegna) and Blake (Jeanne Tripplehorn) find documents about JJ’s 2010 mission, code-named "Integrity". Hotch (Thomas Gibson) goes to the Department of State to see Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Affairs Rosemary Jackson (Debrah Farentino), the creator of JJ’s taskforce. Under Secretary Jackson reveals Tivon Askari as the perpetrator, but, to avoid government scandal, bans the BAU from the investigation. Despite the ban, Hotch calls in reinforcements: Emily Prentiss (Paget Brewster), former BAU agent, now head of Interpol.


200 (Criminal Minds), Plot
The BAU classifies Askari as a serial killer and identifies his pattern. Askari tortures JJ and Cruz with water boarding, electrocution, and, for JJ, attempted rape, in order to get security codes to “Integrity”. JJ realizes that Askari is working with someone else, and, although the team initially suspects Cruz, Hastings is the real mole. His death via a roadside bomb in Afghanistan, which caused JJ to miscarry, was faked.


200 (Criminal Minds), Plot
While the team looks for JJ and Cruz, "Blackbird", JJ, appears on Garcia (Kirsten Vangsness)’s computer screen. She and Kevin (Nicholas Brendon) are apprehended for their hacking, but are able to relay JJ's location. Prentiss and Hotch find JJ just in time to prevent Askari from killing her. JJ and Prentiss fight Hastings, which culminates in his death by falling off the roof. Later, the team and Prentiss celebrate at a bar and say farewell to Prentiss before she heads back to London.


200 (Criminal Minds), Production
On September 30, 2013, it was announced that former cast member Paget Brewster would return for the 200th episode and reprise her role as Emily Prentiss. On January 21, 2014, it was announced that Battlestar Galactica star Tahmoh Penikett had been cast in a key role as Michael Hastings.


200 (Criminal Minds), Production
Speaking about the 200th episode, A.J. Cook revealed that the episode will delve in to JJ's time away from the BAU during Season 6


200 (Criminal Minds), Production
"We're going to use the serendipitous gift of Season 6 to explain with flashbacks what happened when she was working for the Pentagon and why she came back as a much tougher character. I've never had a chance to flex my acting muscles like this on the show! ".


200 (Criminal Minds), Production
Cook also revealed that she performed most of her own stunts during the episode - some of which Cook says she actually experienced so the show would look authentic. One of the stunts was being waterboarded.


200 (Criminal Minds), Production
This is the first time since the pilot episode that the opening credits were not shown as more time was needed for the episode footage, so the credits were cut, and the stars names were listed during the first scene following the teaser.


200 (Criminal Minds), Reception, Ratings
The episode aired on CBS on February 5, 2014. Upon initial release, it was viewed by 12.92 million people and it also garnered a 2.8/7 Nielsen rating. "200" was also the week's third most watched drama and ranked tenth on the list of most watched television programmes overall. The episode also received 3.48 million more viewers in Live+7 ratings, bringing the viewer total to 16.39 million.


200 (Criminal Minds), Reception, Critical response
"200" was met with mixed reviews. The episode has received an average score of 7.1 out of 10 in IMDb.


200 (Criminal Minds), Reception, Critical response
Gel Galang from the International Business Times gave the episode a positive review, calling it "an episode to remember" and said that it "does live up to its name and hype." TV Fanatic gave the episode 4.8/5 stars, saying that "Expectations for this installment were high. And I can say for sure that it met them with flying colors" but criticized the show for condensing the story into one episode, "it seems this story could well have been stretched over a few more episodes." Patty Gopez from TV Over Mind gave the episode a mixed review, saying that while the episode was emotional, it all "seemed fairly predictable."


200 (South Park)
"200" is the fifth episode of the fourteenth season of the American animated television series South Park, and the 200th overall episode of the series. It originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on April 14, 2010. In the episode, Tom Cruise and all other celebrities who have been mocked by residents of South Park in the past plan to file a class action lawsuit against the town, but Cruise promises to end the lawsuit if the town can get the Islamic prophet Muhammad to meet him.


200 (South Park)
The episode was written and directed by series co-creator Trey Parker. To celebrate their landmark episode, Parker and fellow series co-creator Matt Stone combined many of South Park's past storylines and controversies. The Muhammad subplot, similar to the one previously featured in the season 10 episode "Cartoon Wars", refers to Comedy Central's past refusal to allow images of Muhammad to be shown on the network in response to the riots and threats generated from controversial cartoons in 2005 and 2007 of Muhammad in European newspapers.


200 (South Park)
"200" includes many celebrities that have been mocked in previous episodes, including Cruise, Rob Reiner, Steven Spielberg, Kanye West, Paris Hilton, George Lucas, Mel Gibson and Barbra Streisand. An additional subplot includes Cartman learning he may not know the true identity of his father. The season 2 episode "Cartman's Mom Is Still a Dirty Slut" claimed that Cartman's hermaphrodite mother is his father, but the events of "200" and the subsequent episode reveal that this is not the case.


200 (South Park)
"200" received mostly positive reviews. According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by 3.33 million viewers, making it the most watched cable television program of the night. Both "200" and the sequel episode "201" were nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program in 2010. Within a week of the episode's original broadcast date, the website for the radical Muslim organization Revolution Muslim posted an entry warning Parker and Stone that they risked being murdered for airing the episode, which several media outlets and observers interpreted as a threat. As a result, Comedy Central heavily censored portions of "201" by removing references to Muhammad and the episode's closing speech. The episode was rated TV-MA L in the United States.


200 (South Park), Plot
While on a school field trip to a candy factory, Butters spots actor Tom Cruise working there, packing fudge into boxes. Stan, who previously told Cruise that his acting is not as good as others' in "Trapped in the Closet", accidentally insults him again by calling him a "fudge packer", as Cruise claims to be fly fishing. Cruise then recruits 200 other celebrities who have been ridiculed by the town of South Park to bring a class action lawsuit against the town.


200 (South Park), Plot
Stan returns to the factory with his father Randy to try to apologize and convince Cruise to drop the suit, but also finds it difficult not to call him a fudge packer as well since he was literally packing fudge while they spoke. An angry Cruise agrees to do so, but only if they can help Cruise meet Muhammad. This causes an uproar because depictions of Muhammad are forbidden, and the townsfolk fear that forcing Muhammad to appear in public will drive Muslim radicals to bomb the town.


200 (South Park), Plot
Stan and Kyle go to the Super Best Friends, a squad of superhero-like religious figures (Jesus Christ, Gautama Buddha, Moses, Krishna, Laozi, Joseph Smith and "Seaman") of which Muhammad is a member, to request he return with them to South Park. Meanwhile, it is revealed that Cruise and the other celebrities only want Muhammad for his "goo", as Rob Reiner, previously shown to be filled with "goo" in "Butt Out", has invented a machine to transfer Muhammad's "goo" to the celebrities, which they believe will make them immune to ridicule, just like Muhammad.


200 (South Park), Plot
By this time, Cartman arrives with "Mitch Conner", a face painted on his hand as one-half of a ventriloquist act. Previously, Connor had successfully impersonated actress Jennifer Lopez in "Fat Butt and Pancake Head", and now Cartman and Connor return to the Lopez imitation in order to get involved in the lawsuit along with the other celebrities. Connor soon secretly convinces Cartman that they should steal Muhammad's goo for themselves to sell on the black market for more than the lawsuit could offer.


200 (South Park), Plot
Meanwhile, Kyle and Stan convince the Super Best Friends to let Muhammad come to town, but only if he stays in the back of a U-Haul truck and is not seen. When the townspeople realize they must bring Muhammad to Cruise's limo, they allegedly put him inside a bear mascot outfit. South Park is about to give Muhammad to the celebrities when the exchange is interrupted by a bomb planted by the Ginger Kids, a group of fair-skinned, red-haired children who are tired of being made fun of for their physical appearance. The Gingers want Muhammad for themselves, hoping to use his goo for their own means. They threaten to blow up the town if Muhammad is not turned over to them.


200 (South Park), Plot
The people of South Park decide to turn Muhammad over to the Gingers, fearing the violence that will befall their town if they do not. The celebrities are angered by this change in events, but refuse to resort to violence for fear of ruining their careers. Instead, the celebrities decide to awaken the rebuilt Mecha-Streisand, a giant mechanical monster form of Barbra Streisand, who previously terrorized the town of South Park before being destroyed. The celebrities hope to use Mecha-Streisand to force South Park to accept their demands.


200 (South Park), Plot
Meanwhile, due to the chain of events, Cartman decides Connor's scheme has become too complicated and tries to quit, but Connor convinces him to stay involved by revealing that the townspeople of South Park have lied to Cartman about his true father. Although they previously claimed his hermaphroditic mother was his father, Connor insists this is a lie. Cartman confronts his school teacher Mr. Garrison and Garrison's old hand puppet Mr. Hat, who admits to Cartman there was indeed a cover-up. Mecha-Streisand roars threateningly and continues her reign of destruction as the episode ends on a cliffhanger, setting the stage for 201.


200 (South Park), Production
We kind of came up with the idea of, like, let's take our sort of most popular moments in the show and then put them all together and write them into a new show. So basically, revisit a bunch of stuff but give the show all its own plot. Which at first sounded like quite a head-fucker.


200 (South Park), Production
Written and directed by series co-founder Trey Parker, "200" was rated TV-MA L in the United States. It originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on April 14, 2010. It was the 200th episode of the series. Parker and fellow co-creator Matt Stone conceive, write and produce most South Park episodes within a week of their broadcast date in order to maintain a sense of energy and timeliness. The idea for "200", however, was conceived before the fourteenth season began in March 2010, and before any of the season fourteen episodes that preceded it were conceived.


200 (South Park), Production
While trying to decide how to celebrate the 200th episode, Parker and Stone started reviewing the plots and controversies of previous episodes, many of which had a common thread of mocking a particular celebrity. This led to the idea of the having all the celebrities band together in a class action lawsuit against the town. Parker said their reactions mirrored the real-life reactions some of the celebrities had to their portrayals, adding, "If they could join forces, they probably would."


200 (South Park), Production
Stone said in writing the episode, they were determined not to produce a clip show, but to merge all of the old ideas into a new, original script. The process proved challenging for the duo because it involved incorporating many ideas, subplots and characters into a single episode. Parker and Stone included a joke about this process at the start of the episode, when Cartman and Kyle are fighting with each other, and Stan accuses them of just "rehashing a bunch of old stuff".


200 (South Park), Production
In honor of the 200th episode, the website SouthPark200.com was launched, offering a forum to fans to post their congratulations to South Park and view those posted by others. Various people have contributed to the site, including the creators of the animated series The Simpsons (who used the opportunity to revisit another previous South Park theme, the episode "Simpsons Already Did It", saying "We already [produced 200 episodes]. Twice. "), members of the rock band Rush and Denver Nuggets basketball player Chauncey Billups. The site also includes congratulations from All in the Family creator Norman Lear, who guest-starred in the 100th episode "I'm a Little Bit Country", and figure skater Brian Boitano, who was featured in the song "What Would Brian Boitano Do?" in the 1999 film South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut.


200 (South Park), Theme, Muhammad subplot
"200" features jokes and references to past South Park episodes, storylines, characters and controversies. The episode revolves heavily around efforts to bring Muhammad into public view. This is based on two past controversies in 2005 (Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy) and 2007 (Lars Vilks Muhammad drawings controversy), when European newspapers published cartoons of Muhammad, which was responded to with reactions of violent riots, global protests and death threats toward the artists.


200 (South Park), Theme, Muhammad subplot
As a result of those incidents, many publications and television studios have refused to broadcast images of Muhammad whatsoever, which was the inspiration behind Tom Cruise's efforts to harvest Muhammad's apparent immunity to satire and ridicule. Parker and Stone addressed the Muhammad issue in their two-part tenth season episode "Cartoon Wars", during which they attempt to show an image of the prophet, only to reveal that Comedy Central has forbidden any such image from being broadcast on their network.


200 (South Park), Theme, Muhammad subplot
However, Muhammad had already been featured on-screen in the fifth season episode "Super Best Friends", in which he is among a band of religious figures modeled after the superheroes in the Super Friends cartoons from the 1970s and 1980s. (The Super Best Friends are featured once again in "200".) The episode "Super Best Friends" aired in 2001, before the Jyllands-Posten and Vilks controversies. Stan makes reference to that past use of Muhammad's image in "200" by saying of Muhammad, "I saw him once...a while ago..."


200 (South Park), Theme, Muhammad subplot
This reference was purposely included to reflect the irony that an image that was previously not a problem had suddenly become an issue due to new circumstances. Stone said, "Something that was OK is now not OK, and that's just fucked up." The "Super Best Friends" episode continues to be run uncensored by Comedy Central in repeats, even though new images of Muhammad remained prohibited.


200 (South Park), Theme, Muhammad subplot
Additionally, Muhammad has long been featured as one of the many characters shown in an image of dozens of South Park residents during the show's opening credits. That image, however, has gone largely unnoticed, and thus has not drawn much controversy. When asked whether they feared retribution for mocking Muhammad, Parker said, "We'd be so hypocritical against our own thoughts, if we said, 'Okay, well let's not make fun of them because they might hurt us.


200 (South Park), Theme, Muhammad subplot
Okay, we'll rip on the Catholics because they won't hurt us, but we won't rip on [Muslims] because they might hurt us.'" The Muhammad subplot in "200", like the "Cartoon Wars" episodes, advocates for free speech and speaks out against censorship, both of Muhammad's image and any subject considered taboo. "200" also demonstrates the double standard in the handling of offensive images of Muhammad and other religious figures, particularly in the scene in which Muhammad is censored altogether, but Buddhism founder Gautama Buddha is shown snorting cocaine in front of the South Park children.


200 (South Park), Theme, Muhammad subplot
The extreme measures the South Park boys go to in order to conceal Muhammad, like hiding him in a window-less truck and dressing him as a mascot, demonstrate the absurdity of the fear in showing the prophet, as does the fear of retaliation that the South Park residents show after Randy draws a stick figure-like drawing of him, which is not censored.


200 (South Park), Theme, Celebrities
"200" includes many celebrities that have been mocked in previous episodes. One of the most prominently parodied is Tom Cruise, who was the center of the ninth season episode "Trapped in the Closet". Cruise spent much of that episode hiding in a closet, a reference to rumors about his sexuality. In "200", he is found working in a fudge factory as a "fudge packer", a reference to alleged homosexuality. The episode also reveals Cruise's house consists mostly of closets, a reference to both homosexuality and the original episode in which Cruise was mocked. Other celebrities mocked in "200" include:


200 (South Park), Theme, Celebrities
Near the end of "200", the celebrities seek assistance from singer and actress Barbra Streisand, who resembles a giant two-legged mechanical monster. This is a reference to Streisand's appearance in the first-season episode "Mecha-Streisand", in which she transforms into a monster in the style of Mechagodzilla from the Godzilla franchise. The Mecha-Streisand featured in "200" is designed with more sophisticated computer imagery than the original, which was a simple cut-out style cartoon like the rest of South Park.


200 (South Park), Theme, Celebrities
Although Parker and Stone have maintained that most of the celebrities they mock in South Park are chosen at random, with no personal animosity behind it, Barbra Streisand is one of the few they actively and vehemently dislike. Streisand, in turn, has been critical of South Park and her portrayal in it, and has accused the show of adding "to the cynicism and negativity in our culture, especially in children".


200 (South Park), Theme, Cartman's father
The episode ends with a cliffhanger involving Cartman's father. The identity of Cartman's father made up a major plot point at the end of the first season, culminating in the second season episode "Cartman's Mom Is Still a Dirty Slut", in which it is revealed Cartman's mother, Liane Cartman, is a hermaphrodite and, in fact, is Cartman's father. "200" is the first episode to return to the matter and suggest this was not the actual truth.


200 (South Park), Theme, Cartman's father
Throughout the episode, Cartman uses a hand-puppet con-artist named Mitch Conner, who had, presumably, just been made up by Cartman in trying to fool Kyle in the seventh-season episode "Fat Butt and Pancake Head", resuming his role in pretending to be Jennifer Lopez and utilizing many offensive Hispanic stereotypes in his portrayal of her. The hand puppet portrayal is very similar to the work of Spanish ventriloquist Señor Wences.


200 (South Park), Theme, Cartman's father
Several other references to previous South Park episodes are featured throughout "200". It marks the reappearance of Mr. Hat, a hand puppet that had been frequently used by Mr. Garrison during the early South Park seasons, but had long been abandoned in later episodes. During the second half of "200", an army of red-haired "ginger kids" attempt to capture Muhammad themselves. Several South Park episodes, most prominently the ninth-season episode "Ginger Kids", have featured the ginger kids, which are children with fair skin, freckles and red hair. In most cases, they have been made the subject of ridicule by Cartman, who views them in an offensively stereotypical way.


200 (South Park), Cultural references
During one scene, a frustrated Tom Cruise angrily jumps up and down on a couch while Oprah Winfrey sits next to him. This is a reference to an incident on The Oprah Winfrey Show in 2005, in which Cruise repeatedly jumped on the couch next to Oprah, fell to one knee and loudly professed his love for actress Katie Holmes. Cruise has been repeatedly mocked for his behavior. In another scene, George Lucas and Steven Spielberg are shown to have actor Harrison Ford leashed, chained and ball-gagged, as the actor wears the fedora he wore in the Indiana Jones films.


200 (South Park), Cultural references
This is a reference to the twelfth season episode "The China Probrem", in which Lucas and Spielberg literally rape Indiana Jones repeatedly, which served as a commentary by Parker and Stone for the poor quality of the 2008 Spielberg/Lucas film, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull. A cartoon image of film director Tim Burton is featured in the episode, despite having not been previously ridiculed by the show.


200 (South Park), Cultural references
In the episode, Burton is mocked for not having an original idea since the 1988 comedy horror film Beetlejuice, and for his tendency to feature film actor Johnny Depp in so many of his films that he should "just have sex with him [Johnny Depp] already". Cartman's Jennifer Lopez hand-puppet repeatedly demands food from the American restaurant chain Taco Bell, particularly enchiritos, which is one of the many Hispanic stereotypes utilized by the character.


200 (South Park), Cultural references
Also, when the celebrities are discussing whom to bring in to help capture Mohammed, Barbra Streisand is referenced as "her," to which the discussion goes "her who?" "her" "oh...her." This is slightly reminiscent of the movie Little Shop of Horrors when Rick Moranis and Steve Martin are talking about Audrey, who the dentist had physically abused, where Steve asks "what did I ever do to you" and Rick answers "it wasn't what you did to me, it was what you did to her" Steve: "her? oh...her"


200 (South Park), Reception, Ratings
In its original American broadcast on April 14, 2010, "200" was watched by 3.33 million viewers, according to Nielsen Media Research, making it the most watched cable television show of the night. It outperformed the previous week's episode, "You Have 0 Friends", which was seen by 3.07 million viewers, and it was seen by roughly 177,000 more viewers than its closest competitor on April 14, USA Network's In Plain Sight. The episode received an overall 2.0 rating/3 share, meaning that it was seen by 2% of the population, and 3% of people watching television at the time of the broadcast. Among viewers between ages 18 and 49, it received a 1.9 rating/5 share, and among male viewers between 18 and 34, it received a 3.7 rating/13 share.


200 (South Park), Reception, Reviews
This was South Park distilled to its essence: Cartman and his friends caught up in the stupidity all around them, created by absurd, neurotic, fearful, repressed adults. Parker and Stone set themselves apart from all this by insisting on remaining juvenile — something like genius juveniles.


200 (South Park), Reception, Reviews
The episode received mostly positive reviews. Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly said he was surprised by the complexity of "200" and the amount of South Park references and subplots it encompassed, especially the questions over Cartman's father. Tucker praised the episode, and said, "With jokes raining down like hell-fire, the 200th episode spared no one except the South Park kids themselves." Ramsey Isler of IGN said it was fun to identify all the references to past South Park moments, but felt "200" itself didn't stand out as a great episode.


200 (South Park), Reception, Reviews
Isler said the new material wasn't very funny, and that the rehashed material was not as funny as the first time they were shown, which was disappointing due to the hype surrounding the episode. The A.V. Club writer Sean O'Neal said the episode was funny, but that the original material was far outnumbered by rehashed jokes. O'Neal said the use of all the celebrities demonstrated how South Park had been more original in early episodes, but now had "morph[ed] into something whose default mode is mocking famous people in the news".


200 (South Park), Reception, Reviews
Douglas Murray of The Daily Telegraph said of the episode, "I can't recommend it enough", and particularly complimented the episode scenes with Buddha snorting cocaine and the South Park townspeople hiding Muhammad. Murray said, "They make the point about the absurd self-censorship and thuggish intimidation surrounding the Islamic faith better than anything else I've seen." Amy Duncan of Metro said it "certainly was an episode to remember". Duncan praised the story, which she said "develops with [South Park's] usual rude inferences and below-the-belt remarks".


200 (South Park), Reception, Reviews
Ryan Broderick of The Hofstra Chronicle said the episode "came together so simply, so smoothly, and so hilariously that it forgives the last couple lame duck episodes of the season". Broderick said it avoided the pitfalls of most landmark episodes by providing an original story in addition to the throwback references. Nick Zaino of TV Squad said the episode did not offer much new, but also offer good throwbacks and celebrity spoofs, and didn't "pull any punches". Zaino said the episode has "a wonderful sense of the absurd", particularly through the use of Mecha-Streisand and Cartman's hand-puppet.


200 (South Park), Reception, Reviews
The Council on American-Islamic Relations, a Washington, D.C.-based civil rights and advocacy group, said they were aware of the depiction of Muhammad in "200", but declined to put out a formal statement about it because they did not want to draw any more attention to the show. The group's spokesman, Ibrahim Hooper, said, "People are pretty tired of this whole 'Let's insult the prophet Muhammad thing.'"


200 (South Park), Reception, Revolution Muslim entry
We have to warn Matt and Trey that what they are doing is stupid and they will probably wind up like Theo van Gogh for airing this show. This is not a threat, but a warning of the reality of what will likely happen to them.


200 (South Park), Reception, Revolution Muslim entry
The website for the organization Revolution Muslim, a New-York-based organization, posted an entry that included a warning to creators Parker and Stone that they risk retribution for their depictions of Muhammad. It said that they would "probably wind up like Theo van Gogh for airing this show". Filmmaker Theo van Gogh was murdered by an Islamist in 2004 for making a short documentary on the violence against women in some Islamic societies. The posting provided the addresses to Comedy Central in New York and the production company in Los Angeles. The author of the post, Zachary Adam Chesser (who preferred to be called Abu Talhah al Amrikee), said it was meant to serve as a warning to Parker and Stone, not a threat, and that providing the addresses was meant to give people the opportunity to protest.


200 (South Park), Reception, Revolution Muslim entry
The entry included audio clips of a sermon by al-Qaeda imam Anwar al-Awlaki, calling for the assassination of anyone who has defamed Muhammad, saying, "Harming Allah and his messenger is a reason to encourage Muslims to kill whoever does that". It also included a link to a 2009 Huffington Post article that gave details of Stone and Parker's mansion in Colorado, and images of Ayaan Hirsi Ali, an activist writer and critic of Islam, who lives in permanent security protection because of threats. Comedy Central declined to comment on the post.


200 (South Park), Reception, Revolution Muslim entry
Before writing the Revolution Muslim post, Chesser wrote an April 15 entry on his Twitter page: "May Allah kill Matt Stone and Trey Parker and burn them in Hell for all eternity. They insult our prophets Muhammad, Jesus, and Moses." Chesser was subsequently sentenced to 25 years of imprisonment for this and other offenses.


200 (South Park), Reception, Revolution Muslim entry
Despite Chesser's statements that the website entry was a warning, several media outlets and observers interpreted it as a threat. Ayaan Hirsi Ali dismissed claims that the website entry was just a warning, calling it "an assault on the freedom of expression" that should not be marginalized or overlooked. She said of the episode, "The 'South Park' episode of last weekend was not just funny, and it wasn't just witty. [ It] addressed an essential piece in the times that we are living. There is one group of people, one religion[,] that is claiming to be above criticism". New York City Police Commissioner Raymond Kelly said he was aware of the website posting, but said, "We don't think that this threat, as [it] is currently assessed, rises to a crime right now".


200 (South Park), Reception, Revolution Muslim entry
CNN journalist Anderson Cooper said of the episode, "You might not like South Park the cartoon. You might think it's offensive. [ But] the notion that some radical Islamic group in America would make a threat, even a veiled one, against two men's lives because of it is chilling." Fox News commentator Bill O'Reilly said he would have advised Parker and Stone not to do the episode out of fear of retaliation: "On the one hand you do have to admire their courage. But I don't know whether the risk–reward [ratio] is worth it."


200 (South Park), Reception, Revolution Muslim entry
The Daily Telegraph writer Douglas Murray said the entry only gave "200" more legitimacy, writing, "[ It] of course just confirms the point that the South Park boys were making. [ ...] I'd have said that was point proved. South Park 1: Islamists 0." In an episode of Comedy Central's The Daily Show aired on April 22, 2010, host Jon Stewart went into a ten-minute tirade about the alleged death threats, expressing disgust at the alleged hypocrisy of Revolution Muslim's speech while its members enjoy the American lifestyle and freedom of speech.


200 (South Park), Reception, Revolution Muslim entry
In response to the Revolution Muslim post, the South Park episode "201", which aired the following week and concluded the unresolved storylines from "200", was heavily censored by Comedy Central. The channel inserted audio bleeps over all references to Muhammad's name and other portions of dialogue, including the entirety of the ending speech by the show's main characters.


200 (South Park), Reception, Revolution Muslim entry
The Dutch version of Comedy Central began airing commercials for "200" during the week of April 26, with the show scheduled to air on April 30. However, "The Tale of Scrotie McBoogerballs" was shown instead. When asked about this, a spokesperson for Comedy Central Netherlands said they had reluctantly decided the episode to be pulled, along with the episode "201". Neither episode is available on the Dutch South Park Studios website; the same applies to the German website as of May 9, 2010. The Swedish affiliate of Comedy Central also refused to broadcast "200" and "201" in Sweden:


200 (South Park), Reception, Revolution Muslim entry
Comedy Central has decided not to air these two episodes of South Park. It is a decision we've made with great reluctance. Comedy Central believes strongly in creative freedom of expression; when unique and deeply insightful creative talents like those behind South Park are able to express themselves freely, we all benefit. However, the safety of our employees is our unquestioned number[-]one priority, and therefore we have decided to take these precautionary measures.


200 (South Park), Reception, Possible link to Times Square car bomb attempt
On May 1, 18 days after the episode's original airdate, a failed car bomb attempt was discovered by the New York City Police Department near the eastern corner of 1 Astor Plaza in New York City, on West 45 Street, on a side street near the location of the world headquarters of Viacom, Comedy Central's parent company. Some news outlets reported that police are looking into a possible link between the attempted bombing and the warnings of violence against Trey Parker and Matt Stone, although no such link has yet been established.


200 (South Park), Reception, Possible link to Times Square car bomb attempt
Such speculation was also fueled by statements from U.S. Congressman Peter T. King, who described as one possible motive "the whole issue with 'South Park,' which Islamic terrorists were threatening to have retribution for." However, King stressed the theory was "one possibility out of a hundred". Revolution Muslim has denied any involvement with the incident. Younus Abdullah Muhammed, who runs the group's website, was in Times Square at the time speaking out against President Barack Obama with a loudspeaker.


200 (South Park), Reception, Possible link to Times Square car bomb attempt
But he said of the failed car bomb, "What do you think, I commanded somebody to blow up a building in the middle of Times Square? [ ...] It had nothing to do with the 'South Park' controversy. It was not an attack targeting Viacom." NYPD Commissioner Raymond Kelly said of the theory, "We certainly wouldn't rule that out." However, media reports indicated Faisal Shahzad, the suspect arrested in connection with the attempted bombing, had trained for months prior to the first broadcast of "200."


200 (South Park), Reception, Sri Lanka ban
The depiction of Buddha snorting cocaine in "200" and "201", prompted the government of Sri Lanka to ban the entire series outright.


200 (South Park), Digital censorship
The day after the episode aired, the episode was available for streaming on the site. After a week, like the other Muhammad episodes, it was taken off. The message presented to the user for this episode is "We apologize that South Park Studios cannot stream this episode". The sequel episode, "201", also has not been made available for streaming, but a different message describes an intent to potentially post that episode. Similarly the episode and its sequel are not available to stream or buy on services Netflix, iTunes, Hulu, or Amazon Prime Video. Furthermore, digital copies of these episodes that were purchased prior to their ban from digital distribution are no longer available for streaming or download.


200 (South Park), Digital censorship
When the series was transferred to HBO Max in 2020, it was announced that "200" and "201" would be 2 of 5 episodes cut from the series, alongside "Super Best Friends", "Cartoon Wars Part I", and "Cartoon Wars Part II". The latter two episodes were not previously censored from digital streaming services.


200 (South Park), Home release
Although "200" was not currently available on the internet legally, and had not re-aired since April 2010, it was confirmed on February 11, 2011 that "200" would be released on DVD. "200" along with the thirteen other episodes from South Park's fourteenth season, was released on a three-disc DVD set and two-disc Blu-ray set in the United States on April 26, 2011.


200 (South Park), Home release
The version presented on the DVD and Blu-ray is the uncensored version, with Muhammad's name unbleeped, unlike the episode that follows, "201", which is presented on disc in its original network censored version. During the commentary in both "200" and "201" Parker and Stone never mention Muhammad directly, referring to him only as "the prophet of the Muslim faith". Despite the package claiming otherwise, both "200" and "201" were completely omitted from the Region 4 and Region 2 releases.


200 (Stargate SG-1)
"200"  is the sixth episode of the science fiction television series Stargate SG-1's tenth season, and the 200th episode of the series overall. Unlike the more serious nature of the season's story arc, "200" is a light-hearted parody of both Stargate SG-1 and other sci-fi shows, as well as popular culture like The Wizard of Oz.


200 (Stargate SG-1)
"200" won the 2007 Constellation Award for Best Overall 2006 Science Fiction Film or Television Script, and was nominated for the 2007 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form. The episode also marks the first time original SG-1 member Jack O'Neill (Richard Dean Anderson) is seen since the beginning of Season 9.


200 (Stargate SG-1)
The episode received a 1.9 average household rating, one of the few episodes of the season that surpassed the average rating of Stargate SG-1's previous season. "200" also received near-universal praise for its humor and writing. Despite the strong performance of the episode, the Sci-Fi Channel announced soon after the episode's airing it would not be renewing the series for another season.


200 (Stargate SG-1), Plot
Martin Lloyd (Willie Garson), an extraterrestrial turned Hollywood writer, returns to Stargate Command looking for assistance from SG-1 with his script for the movie adaptation of the television show Wormhole X-Treme, based on the exploits of the Stargate Program. The team, especially Lt. Colonel Mitchell (Ben Browder), is reluctant to help. Mitchell is excited about his next off-world mission because it marks his 200th trip through the Stargate. Technical glitches prevent the team from setting off on their mission. General Landry (Beau Bridges) orders SG-1 to help Lloyd, as the government believes a successful science fiction film about intergalactic wormhole travel will serve as a good cover story to keep the real Stargate program a secret.


200 (Stargate SG-1), Plot
The notes session devolves into the team members pitching their own versions of a successful sci-fi film, including a zombie invasion (from Mitchell), a previously unseen mission where O'Neill became invisible (from Carter), "tributes" to The Wizard of Oz and Farscape (from Vala), and Teal'c as a private investigator (from Teal'c himself).


200 (Stargate SG-1), Plot
Also featured are a vignette of the team's mental image of a "younger and edgier" SG-1 (sparked by the studio's suggestion to replace the original Wormhole X-Treme cast), a suggested scene by Martin that turns out to be both scientifically inaccurate and highly derivative of Star Trek, a re-imagined version of the SG-1 pilot episode where all the characters are marionettes in the style of the television series Thunderbirds, and an imagined wedding that features the return of General O'Neill (Richard Dean Anderson). The studio decides to cancel the movie in favor of renewing the series. The end of the episode shifts ten years into the future, where the Wormhole X-Treme cast and crew celebrate their 200th episode, as well as renewed plans for a movie.


200 (Stargate SG-1), Production
"200" follows up on the events of the Season 4 episode "Point of No Return" and the Season 5 episode "Wormhole X-Treme"; the episodes feature the character of Martin and are self-referentially written. In comparison, "200" riffs on science fiction and genre television more broadly. In comparison to attitudes that fans are largely powerless and in opposition to producers, the episode posits fans as empowered shapers of entertainment.


200 (Stargate SG-1), Production
Executive producer Robert C. Cooper originally proposed they write a normal script for the 200th episode. However it soon became clear that deciding who would have the privilege of writing the 200th episode would be awkward. This led to the idea to create a sketch episode in the manner of Saturday Night Live, with each writer creating a vignette. The episode took shape when the writers thought to bring back Wormhole X-Treme and the character of Martin, and frame the whole episode as a notes session. By the end of the writing process the episode had turned into "an homage to the cast, crew, and die-hard fans."