19th Airlift Wing, History, Cold War
In 1954 the propeller-driven B-29s were replaced with new Boeing B-47E Stratojet swept-wing medium bombers capable of flying at high subsonic speeds and primarily designed for penetrating the airspace of the Soviet Union. They were assigned to the 28th, 30th, and 93rd Bombardment Squadrons.


19th Airlift Wing, History, Cold War
The wing also gained an air refueling unit with the 100th Air Refueling Squadron which was attached to the wing from 2 February 1955 until 16 August 1956. In February 1956, the 19th Air Refueling Squadron was permanently assigned to the wing. Both units flew Boeing KC-97 Stratotankers.


19th Airlift Wing, History, Cold War
Early in 1955, the wing deployed to Sidi Slimane Air Base, French Morocco, January – April 1956, and to Ben Guerir Air Base, Morocco, May – July 1957. From July 1957 to April 1961, the wing maintained a portion of its tactical resources on overseas alert. Its B-47s were phased out of the SAC inventory beginning in 1960, sending the wing's last Stratojet to Davis-Monthan in 1961.


19th Airlift Wing, History, Cold War
The 19th moved to Homestead Air Force Base, Florida on 1 June 1956 from Pinecastle. At Homestead, the wing consisted of one squadron in Florida (28th BS), and four squadrons:


19th Airlift Wing, History, Cold War
The wing converted to the Boeing B-52H Stratofortress and Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker aircraft in 1961–1962. However, most of its aircraft were reassigned. SAC was then in the process of establishing strategic wings and the 19th lost four squadrons to them. This left the 19th with one squadron of B-52Hs (28th BS).


19th Airlift Wing, History, Cold War
On 7 June 1962, a wing B-52H broke the world record for distance flown on a closed course without landing or refueling. The mission was flown from Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, North Carolina. The flight covered 11,336.92 miles and broke a record set two years earlier by a B-52G of the 5th Bombardment Wing.


19th Airlift Wing, History, Cold War
At Homestead, the wing won the Fairchild Trophy in the SAC bombing and navigation competition for 1966.


19th Airlift Wing, History, Cold War
The 19th moved without personnel or equipment to Robins Air Force Base, Georgia in mid-1968, it absorbed resources of the 465th Bombardment Wing and converted to the B-52G. At Robins, the 19th furnished B–52 Operation Arc Light crews and KC–135 aircraft and crews supporting Yankee Team, Foreign Legion & Young Tiger Tanker Task Forces and crews to other SAC organizations.


19th Airlift Wing, History, Cold War
In the spring & summer of 1972, all assigned B-52Gs aircraft & crews deployed to the provisional strategic wing at Andersen Air Force Base and its KC-135A aircraft and crews deployed to the 376th Strategic Wing, at Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, involved in combat operations in Southeast Asia. In 1972, the wing deployed virtually all its aircraft and crews for combat operations, leaving headquarters at Robins minimally staffed. In November 1973, the wing returned from deployment and resumed normal operations. The 19th Bombardment Wing won the Omaha Trophy as the Outstanding Wing in SAC for 1981.


19th Airlift Wing, History, Cold War
The wing lost its B-52s and was redesignated as the 19th Air Refueling Wing on 1 October 1983. The wing undertook worldwide aerial refueling missions for various operations and exercises and supported the Eielson (Alaskan); Andersen (Pacific); & Spanish (European) Tanker Task Forces. It flew air refueling missions supporting Operation Urgent Fury, the overthrow of the Stalinist regime in Grenada 23 – 24 October 1983. Beginning in 1984, it provided two EC-135 aircraft and crews to support the United States Central Command in Southwest Asia.


19th Airlift Wing, History, Cold War
With conversion to KC-135R aircraft, the wing continued supporting the Alaska and, Pacific Tanker Task Forces in 1988 and the Caribbean Tanker Task Force in March 1990. It flew air refueling missions for the Operation Just Cause, the overthrow of the regime of Manuel Noriega in Panama 18 – 21 December 1989 and deployed resources to Southwest Asia, August 1990 – March 1991, providing air refueling, cargo, and command, control and communications support.


19th Airlift Wing, History, Cold War
It was redesignated the 19th Air Refueling Wing on 1 September 1991. The 19th Operations Group was activated at the same time as the flying component of the wing.


19th Airlift Wing, History, Post Cold War
From January 1992, it provided a Boeing EC-137 Stratoliner and crews to support the United States Special Operations Command, and from August 1992 the wing supported the Saudi Tanker Task Force. It provided air refueling support to NATO fighters in Bosnia in September – October 1995. Several KC-135R tankers deployed to Southwest Asia to support Operation Southern Watch, January – March 1996 and to Turkey for Operation Provide Comfort, April – June 1996.


19th Airlift Wing, History, Post Cold War
On 1 July 1996, the 19th Air Refueling Wing was inactivated, and its functions turned over to its operations group, redesignated the 19th Air Refueling Group.


19th Airlift Wing, History, 19th Airlift Wing
The 19th was reactivated at Little Rock Air Force Base on 1 October 2008 as the 19th Airlift Wing. It is also the sponsor unit of Cadet Squadron 19 "Wolverines" at the United States Air Force Academy.


19th Airlift Wing, References, Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website .


19th Alabama Infantry Regiment
The 19th Alabama Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.


19th Alabama Infantry Regiment, Service
The 19th Alabama Infantry Regiment was formed in Huntsville, Alabama, on August 14, 1861. The unit fought in the Battle of Shiloh on April 6 and 7, 1862. The regiment surrendered at Salisbury, North Carolina, at the end of the war.


19th Alberta Dragoons
The 19th Alberta Dragoons originated in Edmonton, Alberta on 1 February 1908, when the 19th The Alberta Mounted Rifles were authorized to be formed and was redesignated as the 19th Alberta Dragoons on 3 January 1911. On 16 February 1936, it was amalgamated with The Alberta Mounted Rifles. It was redesignated the 19th (Reserve) Alberta Dragoons on 7 November 1940. On 1 April 1946, it was amalgamated with the 2nd (Reserve) Battalion, The Edmonton Fusiliers and redesignated as the 19th (Alberta) Armoured Car Regiment, RCAC.


19th Alberta Dragoons
It was redesignated the 19th Alberta Armoured Car Regiment on 4 February 1949, the 19th Alberta Dragoons (19th Armoured Car Regiment) on 1 November 1954 and the 19th Alberta Dragoons on 19 May 1958. It was reduced to nil strength and transferred to the Supplementary Order of Battle on 28 February 1965.


19th Alberta Dragoons
In 2006, the 19th Alberta Dragoons were amalgamated with the South Alberta Light Horse, which retained that designation.


19th Alberta Dragoons
The regiment perpetuated the 3rd Regiment, Canadian Mounted Rifles, Canadian Expeditionary Force; the 9th Battalion, CEF; 66th Battalion (Edmonton Guards), CEF; 138th (Edmonton, Alberta) Battalion, CEF; and 202nd (Sportsman's) Battalion, CEF.


19th Alberta Dragoons
William Antrobus Griesbach joined the 19th Alberta Dragoons in 1906 as a Lieutenant, just prior to World War I.


19th Alberta Dragoons, The Great War
Details of the 19th Alberta Dragoons, the 21st Alberta Hussars and 23rd Alberta Rangers were placed on active service on 6 August 1914 for local protective duty. The 19th Alberta Dragoons recruited the 1st Divisional Cavalry Squadron, CEF, authorized on 10 August 1914, which embarked for Great Britain on 1 October 1914. The squadron was redesignated as A Squadron, Canadian Corps Cavalry Regiment, CEF, on 12 February 1916 and as A Squadron, Canadian Light Horse, CEF, on 21 February 1917. It fought in France from 12 February 1915 until the end of the war and was disbanded on 6 November 1920.


19th Alberta Dragoons, The Great War
The 3rd Regiment, Canadian Mounted Rifles, CEF, was authorized on 7 November 1914, embarked for England on 12 June 1915 and fought in France as from 22 September 1915 as part of the 1st Canadian Mounted Rifles Brigade until absorbed by the 1st Battalion and 2nd Battalion, Canadian Mounted Rifles on 31 December 1915. The regiment was subsequently disbanded on 12 August 1917.


19th Alberta Dragoons, The Great War
The 9th Battalion, CEF, was authorized on 10 August 1914 and embarked for Britain on 1 October 1914, where it was redesignated as the 9th Reserve Infantry Battalion, CEF, on 29 April 1915, to provide reinforcements for the Canadian Corps. The battalion was formally disbanded on 15 September 1917. The 66th Battalion (Edmonton Guards), CEF, was authorized on 20 April 1915 and embarked for Britain on 28 April 1916 where its personnel were absorbed by the 9th Reserve Battalion, CEF on 7 July 1916 to provide reinforcements for the Canadian Corps. The battalion was formally disbanded on 30 August 1920.


19th Alberta Dragoons, The Great War
The 138th (Edmonton, Alberta) Battalion, CEF, was authorized on 22 December 1915 and embarked for Britain on 22 August 1916 where its personnel were absorbed by 128th Battalion, CEF, on 8 December 1916 to provide reinforcements for the Canadian Corps. The battalion was disbanded on 30 August 1920. The 202nd (Sportsman's) Battalion, CEF, was authorized on 15 July 1916 and embarked for Britain on 23 November 1916 where its personnel were absorbed by the 9th Reserve Battalion, CEF, on 27 May 1917 to provide reinforcements for the Canadian Corps. The battalion was disbanded on 18 February 1918.


19th Alberta Dragoons, The Second World War
Details of The Edmonton Fusiliers were called out on service on 26 August 1939 and then placed on active service on 1 September 1939 for local protection duties. These details were disbanded on 31 December 1940. The regiment mobilized the 1st Battalion, The Edmonton Fusiliers, CASF, on 24 May 1940. It served in Canada in a home defence role as part of the 13th Infantry Brigade, 6th Canadian Infantry Division. The 1st Battalion disbanded on 14 November 1945. The regiment also mobilized the 3rd Battalion, The Edmonton Fusiliers, CASF, for active service on 12 May 1942, which  served in Canada in a home defence role as part of the 16th Infantry Brigade, 8th Canadian Infantry Division. The 3rd Battalion  disbanded on 15 August 1943.


19th Alberta Legislature
The 19th Alberta Legislative Assembly was in session from May 24, 1979, to October 5, 1982, with the membership of the assembly determined by the results of the 1979 Alberta general election held on March 14, 1979. The Legislature officially resumed on May 24, 1979, and continued until the fourth session was prorogued on May 4, 1982 and dissolved on October 5, 1982, prior to the 1982 Alberta general election on November 2, 1982.


19th Alberta Legislature
Alberta's nineteenth government was controlled by the majority Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta for the third time, led by Premier Peter Lougheed. The Official Opposition was led by Robert Curtis Clark of the Social Credit Party and later Raymond Speaker. The Speaker was Gerard Amerongen who would serve in the role until he was defeated in the 1986 Alberta general election.


19th Algerian Parachute Battalion
The 19th Algerian Parachute Battalion (Fr: 19e bataillon de parachutistes algériens) was a French paratroop battalion formed in French Algeria in 1950. The battalion was disbanded in 1956.


19th All-Union Conference of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The 19th All-Union Conference of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was a party conference held by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 28 June to 1 July 1988. The conference was attended by 4,991 delegates.


19th All-Union Conference of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, The Conference
The General Secretary, Mikhail Gorbachev, declared in his opening speech that political reform was the key issue. Gorbachev wanted to achieve the "democratization of the life of the state and society", and wanted the Soviet Union to "move along the path of the creation of a socialist state under the rule of law".


19th All-Union Conference of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, The Conference
The Conference called for elections for the governmental soviets at all levels, with secret ballots and multiple candidacies, and it established the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union.


19th All-Union Conference of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, The Conference
Although Gorbachev had to compromise on some of his several objectives because of conservative resistance, the conference was a significant victory for Gorbachev.


19th Annual Gardel Awards
The 19th Annual Gardel Awards ceremony were held on June 6, 2017. The TN network broadcast the show live from the Gran Rex Theatre in Buenos Aires. The ceremony recognizes the best recordings, compositions, and artists of the eligibility year, which runs from January 1, 2016 to January 31, 2016.


19th Annual Gardel Awards
Lalo Mir and Maju Lozano hosted the ceremony. The "pre-telecast" ceremony was held on the same day at the Opera Allianz Theatre prior to the main event and was hosted by Gabriela Radice.


19th Annual Gardel Awards
The nominations were announced on May 9, 2017 at the Néstor Kirchner Cultural Centre. Abel Pintos acquired the most nominations with five, while Carajo, Eruca Sativa and Illya Kuryaki and the Valderramas followed with three nominations each. Pintos was the biggest winner of the night with three trophies, including Best Male Pop Album the Golden Gardel Award for Album of the Year for 11, and Song of the Year for "Cómo Te Extraño". Eruca Sativa, Carajo and Babasónicos followed with two trophies each. The Solidarity Gardel Award went to León Gieco, for the video of his song "La memoria", which pays tribute to the victims at the AMIA bombing attack.


19th Annual Gardel Awards, Background
The 2017 edition of the Gardel Awards received 1,500 applications, marking a 23% of increase regarding the 2016 edition, even though Universal, one of the major record companies, declined to submit its artists for award consideration. The genre that received the most nominations was rock, followed by folklore and pop.


19th Annual Gardel Awards, Nominees and winners
Nominees were taken from the Gardel Awards website. Winners are listed in bold.


19th Annual Grammy Awards
The 19th Annual Grammy Awards were held on February 19, 1977, and were broadcast live on American television (CBS). It was the seventh and final year Andy Williams hosted the telecast. The ceremony recognized accomplishments by musicians from the year 1976.


19th Annual Grammy Awards
Helen Hayes's win made her the second person to become an EGOT.


19th Annual Latin Grammy Awards
The 19th Annual Latin Grammy Awards was held on November 15, 2018 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas.


19th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Winners and nominees, Urban
Daddy Yankee, Urbani Mota Cedeño, Juan G. Rivera Vazquez and Luis Jorge Romero — "Dura" (Daddy Yankee)


19th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Winners and nominees, Alternative
Antón Alvarez Alfaro, Pablo Diaz-Reixa and Rosalía — "Malamente" (Rosalía)


19th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Winners and nominees, Tropical
José Alberto "El Canario" and El Septeto Santiaguero — A Mi Qué - Tributo a los Clásicos Cubanos


19th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Winners and nominees, Tropical
Juan Luis Guerra, Juan Carlos Luces and Víctor Manuelle — "Quiero Tiempo" (Víctor Manuelle featuring Juan Luis Guerra)


19th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Winners and nominees, Regional Mexican
Roger Velásquez & The Latin Legendz — Tex Mex Funk


19th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Winners and nominees, Regional Mexican
Calibre 50  — Guerra de PoderPesado  — Los Ángeles Existen


19th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Winners and nominees, Classical
Claudia Montero — "Luces y Sombras. Concierto Para Guitarra y Orquesta De Cuerdas"


19th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Winners and nominees, Arrangement
Milton Salcedo — "Se Le Ve" (Milton Salcedo featuring Amaury Gutiérrez, Carlos Oliva y Michel Puche)


19th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Winners and nominees, Production
Rafa Sardina and Eric Boulanger — 50 Años Tocando Para Ti (Orquesta Filarmónica De Bogotá)


19th Arabian Gulf Cup
The 19th Arabian Gulf Cup (Arabic: كأس الخليج العربي) was the nineteenth edition of the biannual Gulf Cup competition, and took place in Muscat, Oman, from 4 to 17 January 2009 and was won by Oman for the first time in its history, in a penalty shootout against regional rivals, Saudi Arabia.


19th Arabian Gulf Cup
The 19th Arabian Gulf Cup marked as a milestone in the competition when it was broadcast for the first time in HD, and featured virtual graphics, such as distance between free kick barrier and the goal, 9.15 m circle for free-kicks, and off-side line detection with help from Al-Jazeera Sports. Many praised Al-Jazeera for their excellent coverage of the competition, noting that the camerawork was very similar to UEFA Euro 2008.


19th Arabian Gulf Cup, The postponing of the competition
The 19th Arabian Gulf Cup was originally planned out to be held in 2008, but due to Cyclone Gonu damaging Muscat six months before the planned time of the event, it was then postponed to early 2009.


19th Arabian Gulf Cup squads
This article lists the confirmed national football squads for the 19th Arabian Gulf Cup tournament held in Oman between January 4 and January 17, 2009.


19th Arizona State Legislature
The 19th Arizona State Legislature, consisting of the Arizona State Senate and the Arizona House of Representatives, was constituted in Phoenix from January 1, 1949 to December 31, 1950, during the first year of Dan Edward Garvey's first full term as Governor of Arizona. The number of senators and house members remained constant at 19 and 58, respectively. The Democrats controlled one hundred percent of the senate, while the Republicans gained two house seats, to a total of seven.


19th Arizona State Legislature, Sessions
The Legislature met for the regular session at the State Capitol in Phoenix on January 10, 1949; and adjourned on March 19. There were two special sessions: the first convened on February 20, 1950, and adjourned sine die on March 19, 1950; while the second convened on April 10, 1950 and adjourned sine die on April 15, 1950.


19th Arizona State Legislature, State Senate, Members
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature.


19th Arizona State Legislature, House of Representatives, Members
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature.


19th Arizona Territorial Legislature
The 19th Arizona Territorial Legislative Assembly was a session of the Arizona Territorial Legislature which convened in Phoenix, Arizona. The session began on January 18, 1897, and ended on March 18, 1897.


19th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Background
A long running feud within the territory's Democratic Party had come to an end with the removal of L. C. Hughes as governor on March 30, 1896. He was replaced by Benjamin Joseph Franklin. The effects of the Panic of 1896 had been felt in the territory. Despite this, the territorial government's financial outlook remained solid. The territory's cattle and mining industries continued to expand and new settlers kept arriving. Work to construct the grounds for a territorial capitol were under way but no capitol building had yet been authorized.


19th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Legislative session
The session began on January 18, 1897. Of the 320 bills introduced, 88 were signed into law. A number of vetos by Governor Franklin caused animosity between himself and the House of Representatives. This included 11 pocket vetos at the end of the session.


19th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Legislative session, Governor's address
The governor was sick at the time the session began. This resulted the address being delayed until the afternoon of January 28. The governor was present while the address was read to the session members by the governor's son, Alfred. At roughly 20,000 words, the address was considered to be of "unusual length" and spoke of the territory's glorious future potential. In many respects the speech was an argument for statehood as well as the traditional address. It began by complimenting the session member's honor, intelligence, and patriotism. Franklin then asked for the legislators to practice financial restraint and to not be hasty in the performance of their duties.


19th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Legislative session, Governor's address
Speaking about the territory's development, Franklin noted the territorial population had reached an estimated 101,000 with opportunities for future growth if additional acreage could be put to agricultural use through new irrigation projects. Mining continued to be the territory's largest economic engine with US$14 million in revenue during 1896. Cattle ranching and farming followed with an estimated revenues of US$3 million and US$2 million each. Enrollment at the University of Arizona had reached 149 students with 16,936 children enrolled in the territory's schools.


19th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Legislative session, Governor's address
The National Guard had grown to 488 officers and men within the territory. With the cities of Phoenix, Prescott, and Tucson employing a total of three police officers, crime rates on a per capita basis were still lower in Arizona than on the East Coast. Meanwhile, discipline at Yuma Territorial Prison was described as "firm, but kindly."


19th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Legislative session, Governor's address
Governor was concerned about tax avoidance, saying "The burden of taxation is pt to rest most heavily upon the citizen of small and fixed holdings, rather than upon the one possessed of large wealth which is variously invested, and therefore more intangible and difficult to reach."


19th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Legislative session, Governor's address
Towards this end he called for the railroads, which he called "quasi public corporations", to pay a more in taxes, arguing "the State guarantees to every citizen a security for his person and his property, and those who, of niceness must expect the most protection should, and of right ought to give the largest return thereof."


19th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Legislative session, Legislation
One of the first actions taken by the session was a revision of the territorial livestock laws. Cattle ranchers were please when the system of county level brand registration was replaced by a new system operated at the territorial level. The new system simplified most of the registration requirements and prevented brand duplication within the territory. Another law encouraged conservation of wild game and mountain trout.


19th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Legislative session, Legislation
Permission to construction of a territorial capitol building was granted. The permission included a US$100,000 bond authorization. A compulsory education bill passed but vetoed by the governor. Meanwhile, Flagstaff's reform school was converted into an insane asylum and special tax was authorized for creation of a new reform school in Benson. The Santa Fe Railroad was granted permission to purchase the bankrupt Atlantic and Pacific Railroad. Additionally, new railroads were given a fifteen-year exemption from taxes.


19th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Legislative session, Legislation
During the session, a number of newspaper editors visited the legislature seeking payment for services provided to previous sessions. The visits soon reached nuisance levels and the House, as a joke, passed a bill making it a felony to publish or edit a newspaper within the boundaries of the territory. Penalty for violation was set at 10 to 20 years in the territorial penitentiary. The Council never gave the House bill serious consideration and by the end of the session payments of US$72 to each of the daily newspapers and US$36 to the weeklies was authorized.


19th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Legislative session, Legislation
Two legislative actions caused unforeseen future problems. In the first, the three sections of the territorial penal code that defined homicide were repealed and replaced by a new definition. The change the side effect of creating a legal loophole which overturned most past murder convictions and forced charges against those awaiting trial to be dropped. Dozens of murders were left unpunished, including those allegedly committed by the Apache Kid and Black Jack Ketchum's gang members.


19th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Legislative session, Legislation
The second was a $3,000 appropriation to the Arizona Pioneer's Historical Society so that the society could collect mementos and testimonials from the territory's earliest settlers. The President of the Council, Fred G. Hughes, embezzled roughly two-thirds of this appropriation to pay off gambling debts and was imprisoned in Yuma Territorial Prison before being paroled.


19th Arizona Territorial Legislature, Legislative session, Legislation
As the session drew to an end, tensions between the House of Representatives and Governor Franklin, a gold Democrat in a predominately free silver territory, grew. The cause of the animosity was a series of vetoes issued by the governor, including bills granting tax reductions to irrigation projects, mine smelters, and sugar beet factories along with pay increases for county employees. This resulted in the House passing a resolution sponsored by L. O. Cowan declaring "the best interests of the territory demanded an immediate change in the office of governor." The Council responded by tabling the resolution and passing another proclaiming "that it has implicit confidence in the integrity and ability of out present governor, the Honorable B. J. Franklin."


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dawson's)
The 19th (Dawson's) Arkansas Infantry (1861–1865) was a Confederate Army infantry regiment during the American Civil War. The regiment was present for but not engaged during the Battle of Pea Ridge. At the Battle of Arkansas Post, the regiment became split, with part of the regiment surrendering with the garrison when the post capitulated. The captured portion of the regiment was eventually exchanged and released on the east side of the Mississippi and served the remainder of the war with the Confederate Army of Tennessee. The un-captured portion of the regiment was consolidated with the remnants of the 24th Arkansas and served the remainder of the war in the Department of the Trans-Mississippi.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dawson's), Organization
19th (Dawson's) Infantry Regiment completed its organization at Nashville, Arkansas, in November 1861. The field officers were Colonel C. L. Dawson; Lieutenant Colonels A. S. Hutchison and P. R. Smith; and Majors Joseph Anderson, David H. Hamiter, and John G. McKean. The unit was inducted into Confederate Service at Nashville, Arkansas, on November 21, 1861. The 19th Arkansas Regiment was organized from seven companies from Hempstead, Pike, Polk and Sevier counties. Three additional companies from Hempstead, Scott and Sevier were later added, the last (Company K) on March 3, 1862.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dawson's), Organization
Several Companies contained officers and men who had previously served in the 5th Regiment, Arkansas State Troops, which had disbanded rather than enter Confederate service following the Battle of Wilson's Creek. Charles L. Dawson, who had previously commanded the 37th Arkansas Militia Regiment of Sevier County, was elected colonel at the regiment's organization. The unit was composed of volunteer companies from the following locations in Arkansas:


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dawson's), Organization
The 19th (Dawson's) Arkansas Regiment had strong support among the population where it was recruited. Even though there was a certain degree of pro-Union sentiment in the mountains of southwest Arkansas, the region continued to supply huge numbers of recruits to the 19th Arkansas, and civilians kept up a steady supply of clothing, equipment and other supplies to the men. In fact, the 19th Arkansas started off as one of the largest (in terms of number of men), best clothed (their unique frock coats and Australian-style hats were unmistakable), and best equipped (though marginally armed) Arkansas regiments.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dawson's), Organization
Additionally, the regiment was blessed with some of the best company commanders in the business. The company officers were mostly men who had been active in the prewar militia, and many were veterans of the Arkansas State Troops and had seen combat close up and personal at the Battle of Wilson's Creek. The officers were highly literate, mostly professional men, and familiar with infantry drill and tactics. Many of the staff officers were former businessmen who were used to keeping up with records and reports. The privates of the regiment were also a pretty literate bunch of men who wrote home frequently, providing many insights to modern researchers.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dawson's), Service, Pea Ridge Campaign
Still unsupplied with sufficient arms, the 19th Arkansas was present, but not engaged, at the Battle of Pea Ridge, where it was detailed to guard the army's train. After the battle, the 19th Arkansas was stationed on the border for a few months, and was ordered to conduct a long, difficult and pointless march through the Indian Territory. The regiment was ravaged by disease during this period. Today, the graves of some of the soldiers of the 19th Arkansas can still be found in the Confederate Cemetery at Atoka, Oklahoma. Many other men were left behind sick at various places, and were never heard from again.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dawson's), Service, Pea Ridge Campaign
Returning to Arkansas, the regiment was reorganized for the war on August 13, 1862, and was issued new arms and equipment. Recruiting details from the 19th Arkansas had been busy in May and June, bringing a large number of new recruits back with them to Camp White Sulphur Springs, near Pine Bluff. The 19th Arkansas did not receive many of these recruits, however. Many of the new recruits died of disease before they were mustered into service, and were buried in untold numbers of unmarked graves at White Sulphur Springs. Others were shamelessly "shanghaied" and assigned to other units. The 24th Arkansas Regiment received a large number of men recruited by the 19th Arkansas, and Hart's Arkansas Battery was reconstituted by the addition of many of the 19th Arkansas recruits.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dawson's), Service, Arkansas Post
Assigned to the garrison of Fort Hindman at Arkansas Post, a large part of the regiment was captured when the fort was surrendered on January 11, 1863. Some of the men were absent from Arkansas Post, and they were subsequently organized into a new regiment (Hardy's). The men who were captured were sent to prisons in the North, and when exchanged in April were assigned to the Army of Tennessee, where they spent the rest of the war.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dawson's), Service, Arkansas Post
Of the 633 men of the 19th Arkansas Regiment who were captured at Arkansas Post, 185 died of disease in prison, another 58 died in hospitals in Virginia after being released from prison, and 24 had taken the oath of allegiance; so the regiment entered upon its service east of the Mississippi River with only 306 men. As a result, the 19th Arkansas was field-consolidated with the survivors of the 24th Arkansas Regiment and Crawford's Arkansas Battalion (also captured at Arkansas Post), under command of Lieut. Col. Augustus S. Hutchinson of the 19th Arkansas.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dawson's), Service, Chickamauga Campaign
This consolidated unit fought together at the Battle of Chickamauga where they reported casualties of 16 killed or mortallywounded, 80 wounded, and one captured. At Chickamauga, the unit fought in a brigade made up entirely of the Arkansas Post prisoners, and commanded by General James Deshler who was killed during the battle.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dawson's), Service, Chickamauga Campaign
After Chickamauga, the unit's consolidation was changed. The Arkansas units were moved into the Arkansas Brigade of Cleburne's division, and were destined to remain there for the rest of the war. On November 15, 1863, the 24th Ark. was removed from its attachment to the 19th and combined the 2nd and 15th Arkansas. The 8th Arkansas was then united with the 19th, to form the 8th - 19th Arkansas, which organization was to remain in place until the middle of April, 1865. However, it appears that these two units maintained separate unit structures inside the newly reorganized regiment. The ten companies of the 19th were then reorganized by combining them into five as follows:


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dawson's), Service, Chickamauga Campaign
Colonel George Baucum of the 8th Arkansas assumed command of the consolidate unit. The units remained consolidated for the rest of the war. The unit saw light action at the decisive victory by General Cleburne over Sherman at Tunnel Hill on November 25, 1863, and was in reserve most of the day at the thrashing of the Union pursuit forces at Ringgold Gap, Georgia, on November 27, 1863.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dawson's), Service, Atlanta Campaign
The 8th-19th played a part in all of Cleburne's actions in the Atlanta Campaign, but particularly distinguished itself at the Battle of Pickett's Mill, when it was sent across a cornfield to counter a Union thrust which was about to turn the Confederate right flank. Cavalry General John Kelly, a former commander of the 8th Arkansas, appeared before the men, and in an electrifying charge, led them into the corn to stop the Union attack cold. Baucum and the unit were cited in General Cleburne's report on the battle. Casualties for the 19th portion of the regiment were 8 killed and 5 wounded.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dawson's), Service, Atlanta Campaign
The unit saw heavy action in the Battle of Atlanta, where it lost many men. Colonel Baucum was shot in the face, while Lt. Col. Hutchison was wounded in the arm. Both being lost for many months, command devolved upon Major David H. Hamiter of the 19th Arkansas, who was to command the regiment until the final days of the war. At Jonesboro, 49 men of the 19th, and 77 men of the 8th were captured when Govan's Brigade was overrun by a massive Union attack. Only heroic fighting by the remainder of the men and the rest of Cleburne's division saved the Confederate position from being destroyed. The flag of the consolidated 8th-19th was captured by Medal of Honor winner, 2nd LT Jeremiah Kuder of the 74th Indiana Infantry Regiment during this fight.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dawson's), Service, Franklin–Nashville Campaign
The 8th-19th saw action with the remainder of Cleburne's Division during the Tennessee Campaign, and was one of the few Confederate infantry units to become engaged at Spring Hill, before the curious collapse of the Confederate high command that day. On November 30, 1864, Govan's Brigade, the 19th among them lost over 60% of their men during the fateful Confederate assault at Franklin, Tennessee. Charging into the vortex of the battle around the Carter House, the unit fought hand to hand until driven into the ditch outside the second line of works. General Cleburne was one of six Confederate Generals killed during this attack.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dawson's), Service, Franklin–Nashville Campaign
The 8th-19th was part of the contingent of the Army of Tennessee that traveled to the Carolinas to resist the army of General Sherman. It saw action one last time at the Battle of Bentonville. At least five members of the 19th are known to have been wounded in this battle, but exact casualty figures are unknown.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dawson's), Service, Franklin–Nashville Campaign
The 18th/24th lost thirty-eight percent of the 226 engaged at Chickamauga, and the 8th/19th reported 16 casualties at Ringgold Gap and totaled 363 men and 285 arms in December 1863. At the Battle of Atlanta the 8th/19th had 97 men disabled.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dawson's), Battle Flags
There is one surviving battle flag of the Combined 8th/19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment. The flag is a Hardee Battle flag pattern, Cleburne's Division 1864 issue. It was produced and decorated specifically for the combined unit, displaying battle honors of each. The poorly dyed blue field, now faded to pea green, is typical of the 1864 flags. When it was captured at Jonesboro, Georgia, on 1 September 1864, the flag was identified as that of an artillery battery.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dawson's), Battle Flags
The honor of crossed cannon, as well as the unit's position on the battle field in support of Key's Battery, caused the confused attribution. The flag is made of cotton with black and white paint and currently measures 35" x 34 1/2". The flag was marked with War Department Capture Number 206. It is currently located at the Old State House Museum, Little Rock Arkansas.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dawson's), Consolidation and Surrender
The remnants of ten depleted Arkansas regiments, along with one mostly-Arkansas regiment, in the Army of Tennessee were consolidated into a single regiment at Smithfield, North Carolina, on April 9, 1865. The 19th Arkansas, was lumped together with the 1st, 2nd, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 15th, 19th, 24th Arkansas Infantry Regiments and the 3rd Confederate Infantry Regiment as the 1st Arkansas Consolidated Infantry.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dawson's), Consolidation and Surrender
Of the 1,200 men who served in the 19th at various times, only 5% were present at the end. The men of the 19th had only enough people to fill one company in the 1st Arkansas Consolidated Infantry. Company I of the 1st Consolidated Arkansas was made up of the 49 survivors of the 19th Arkansas. The unit was commanded at the surrender of the army by Captain William B. Cone, originally of Company E. On April 26, 1865, the 1st Arkansas Consolidated Infantry Regiment was present with the Army of Tennessee when it surrendered in Greensboro, North Carolina.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's)
The 19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment or Dockery's Arkansas Infantry Regiment was an infantry formation of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. There were two other regiments which were designated as the 19th Arkansas. Dawson's 19th Arkansas Infantry was organized at Nashville, Arkansas, on November 21, 1861. Hardy's Arkansas Infantry, which is also occasionally referred to as the 19th Arkansas was organized in 1863 from those parts of Dawson's 19th Infantry Regiment, the 24th Arkansas Infantry Regiment and Crawford's Arkansas Infantry Battalion, which escaped capture at the Battle of Arkansas Post.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Organization
The 19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment was organized on April 2, 1862, at DeValls Bluff, with Col. Hamilton P. Smead in command. The regimental quartermaster was Capt. Thomas P. Dockery, future brigadier-general. The regiment comprised ten companies from Columbia, Hot Spring, Lafayette, Ouachita and Union counties. The unit was composed of volunteer companies from the following counties:


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service
Soon after being organized, the regiment was ordered to Mississippi, along with the rest of General Earl Van Dorn's Army of the West. The unit boarded a steamer and moved down White River, out at its mouth, then up the Mississippi River and landed at Memphis, Tennessee. The Confederate commander at Memphis reported on April 7 that Colonel Smead's command with a total of 762 soldiers (of which 560 were fit for duty) was present but armed with double barrel shotguns and inferior rifles. The unit was assigned to the Brigadier General Albert Rust's brigade. The regiment was immediately ordered to move via paddle steamer to Fort Pillow, approximately 50 miles (80 km) north of Memphis, along with the remainder of Rust's Brigade. At Fort Pillow, during a bombardment by Union gunboats, the regiment saw their first enemy fire.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service
The unit remained at Fort Pillow for about two weeks. The unit experienced few casualties in the bombardment of Fort Pillow, but many of the soldiers became sick, and several died due to the very muddy conditions and poor water supply at the fort. The unit left Fort Pillow on April 26 moved back to Memphis and then on to Camp Churchill Clark, near Corinth, Mississippi.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service
In early May 1862 the Confederate Army underwent an army-wide reorganization due to the passage of the Conscription Act by the Confederate Congress in April 1862. All twelve-month regiments had to re-muster and enlist for two additional years or the duration of the war; a new election of officers was ordered; and men who were exempted from service by age or other reasons under the Conscription Act were allowed to take a discharge and go home. Officers who did not choose to stand for re-election were also offered a discharge.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service
The reorganization was accomplished among all the Arkansas regiments in and around Corinth, Mississippi, following the Battle of Shiloh. After settling in at Camp Churchill Clark, near Corinth, Mississippi, the 19th Arkansas was reorganized for the war and new officers were elected. All of the original field officers were thrown out in the election of May 12, 1862, and in their place the men elected Colonel Thomas P. Dockery, Lieutenant Colonel William H. Dismukes, and Major Horatio G. P. Williams. On June 2, 1862, the two Hot Spring County companies were consolidated. Company D (from Rockport) was merged into Company E (from Hot Springs).


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Iuka-Corinth Campaign
During the Iuka-Corinth Campaign, the 19th Arkansas was assigned to Brigadier General William L. Cabell's brigade of Brigadier General Dabney H. Maury's Division of Major General Sterling Price's 1st Corps the Confederate (Army of the West). The unit participated in the Battle of Corinth and the Battle of Hatchie's Bridge, and reported 129 casualties.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Vicksburg Campaign
The regiment was assigned to Brigadier General Martin E. Green's brigade of Major General John S. Bowen's Division, of Lieutenant General John C. Pemberton's Army of Mississippi for the Vicksburg Campaign. When General Green was killed on June 27, 1863, Colonel Dockery was placed in command of Second Brigade, Bowen's Division, and so actual field command of the 19th Arkansas Regiment devolved upon Lieutenant-Colonel Dismukes, who led the regiment through the terrible battles that preceded the Siege of Vicksburg.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Vicksburg Campaign
The 19th Arkansas fought at Battle of Port Gibson, Battle of Champion's Hill, and the Battle of Big Black River Bridge, where Lieutenant-Colonel Dismukes was mortally wounded and most of the regiment was captured. Major Horatio Gates Perry Williamson was promoted to lieutenant-colonel after Dismukes' death, and the uncaptured remnant of the 19th Arkansas fell back to Vicksburg, where it endured the forty-day siege.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Paroled, exchanged and re-organized
This regiment surrendered with the Army of Mississippi at Vicksburg, Mississippi, July 4, 1863. General U. S. Grant initially demanded the unconditional surrender of the Vicksburg garrison, but faced with the necessity of feeding 30,000 starving Confederates and having the idea that these soldiers might do more harm to the Confederate cause by being released to return home rather than being exchanged as whole units, he relented and allowed for the immediate parole of the surrendered units.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Paroled, exchanged and re-organized
According to the Confederate War Department, Union leader encouraged the surrendered confederates to simply return home, rather than reporting to parole camps to await their eventual exchange. The able bodied Confederate soldiers who were released on parole walked out of Vicksburg (they were not allowed to proceed in any military formations) on July 11, 1863. Paroling of these able bodied men was completed in their respective regimental camps inside Vicksburg prior to July 11. Those who were wounded or sick in the various hospitals in Vicksburg were paroled, and were released as soon as they could leave on their own. July 15/16 is the most common date of these Vicksburg hospital paroles. Some of the most seriously wounded and sick were sent by steamship down the Mississippi River and over to Mobile, Alabama, where they were delivered on parole to Confederate authorities.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Paroled, exchanged and re-organized
Confederate commanders designated Enterprise, Mississippi as the rendezvous point (parole camp) for the Vicksburg parolees to report to after they got clear of the last Federal control point at Big Black Bridge. By August 3, 1864 it was apparent that most of the Arkansas units had bypassed the established parole camps, and with the assistance of their Union captors, simply crossed the river and returned home. On August 3, 1863 it was reported that only a very small number of the paroled Arkansas troops had reported to parole camps east of the Mississippi River.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Paroled, exchanged and re-organized
On August 8, 1863, General Pemberton, wrote to Adjutant General and Inspector General of the Confederate Army, Brigadier General Samuel Cooper to report that the troops from Trans-Mississippi Department (including Arkansas) had abandoned the Army of Mississippi before permission was obtained to furlough them. The troops were ordered to rendezvous at Camden, Arkansas. General Pemberton also requested to send Arkansas troops paroled at after the surrender of Port Hudson to that Camden as well.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Paroled, exchanged and re-organized
Because so many of the Vicksburg parolees, especially from Arkansas, simply went home, Major General Pemberton requested Confederate President Davis to grant the men a thirty furlough beginning on July 21. Soldier who did not report to the parole camp with in the time limits of the furlough were not punished as deserters as long as the soldier eventually showed up at a parole camp to be declared exchanged and returned to duty.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Paroled, exchanged and re-organized
On August 9, 1863, Confederate Secretary of War James A. Seddon wrote to General Kirby Smith, Commanding the Department of the Trans-Mississippi, informing him that Colonel T.P. Dockery of the 19th Arkansas had been ordered to cross the Mississippi River and reassemble the men of his former brigade at Camden Arkansas. Dockery was to arm, recruit, and return to active service the men of his brigade as quickly as they were exchanged.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Paroled, exchanged and re-organized
Seddon opined that prisoners who, with the connivance and instigation of the enemy, left Vicksburg before being properly accounted for by their officers, were not properly listed a prisoners, and therefore were free to re-enter service immediately. Seddon also indicated that it might be advisable to distribute these men to other commands rather than keeping them together, but he left that matter up to General Smith. Seddon's letter included Colonel Dockery's commission as a Brigadier General. On August 10, 1863, Colonel Dockery received the following orders from the Confederate Secretary of War:


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Paroled, exchanged and re-organized
You will reassemble the scattered and furloughed troops which have passed west of the Mississippi, of the brigade recently commanded by you at the surrender of Vicksburg, at Camden, in Arkansas, or such other point as may be designated by General Smith. On such reassembling, you will take command and proceed to organize and equip them as soon and as perfectly as may be practicable.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Paroled, exchanged and re-organized
You will discriminate between such as before the final departure from Vicksburg were, by the act or with the complicity of the enemy, contrary to the terms of the capitulation, transferred to the west bank of the Mississippi, and those who afterward by straggling or after furlough returned to that side, and return lists as early as possible of the two classes, both to the general commanding the Trans-Mississippi Department, and to the Adjutant and Inspector General here.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Paroled, exchanged and re-organized
The first class will, with the approval of the commanding general, be regarded as discharged from all obligations of parole, and free for immediate service. Of the exchange or discharge of the others, you will be informed as soon as it can be effected. When reconstituted, you will, under the instruction of the general commanding, and in conformity with the regulations existing, or which may be prescribed for the execution of the conscript law, endeavor to recruit and refill the numbers of your brigade. It is desirable that these troops, or their equivalent, should, as opportunity will allow, be returned from the west to the east side of the Mississippi  ...


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Paroled, exchanged and re-organized
General Kirby Smith acknowledged the receipt of Seddon's letter on September 11, 1863. General Smith reported that he did not expect that Dockery would have as much success as might be hoped for in reassembling his brigade. General Smith indicated that he lack sufficient weapons to arm Dockery's reconstituted brigade and the military situation in Arkansas would likely prevent Dockery and his men from being returned to duty east of the Mississippi river as Seddon had hoped.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Paroled, exchanged and re-organized
The exchange declaration reports issued by Colonel Robert Ould in Richmond for various units in the Vicksburg and Port Hudson surrenders began in September 1863 based upon men who actually reported into one of the two parole camps. On October 16, 1863, the Confederate Exchange Agent, R.O. Ould declared the staff of Colonel Dockery, captured at Vicksburg on July 4, 1863 to be duly exchanged.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Paroled, exchanged and re-organized
When Colonel Dockery was appointed brigadier-general, Lieutenant-Colonel Williamson was promoted to colonel and placed in command of the 19th Arkansas. On December 5, 1863, General Kirby Smith wrote to Lieutenant General Holmes, commanding the District of Arkansas that he was expecting the arrival of 1200 weapons which were to be sent to Dockery's brigade. Smith indicated that Dockery's Brigade was to be returned to service as Infantry (as opposed to mounted).


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Paroled, exchanged and re-organized
On December 5, 1863, General Kirby Smith ordered Brigadier General Dockery, to "quietly, but promptly, draw in and prepare for the field all the men of your command." General Smith indicated that Dockery would be supplied with arms and they Dockery's Brigade would serve as infantry, even if some of Dockery's men had been mounted. By December 23, 1863, General Smith was still attempting to secure weapons for General Dockery's men. General smith ordered General Dockery with "900 unarmed men" to move to Monroe, LA on or before 1 January 1864 to receive weapons from Brigadier General Alfred Mouton.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Paroled, exchanged and re-organized
In January 1864, the Chief Paymaster of the Trans-Mississippi wrote to the Departments Inspector General to report that he lacked sufficient funds on hand to pay the paroled and exchanged prisoners from Vicksburg and Port Hudson assembling at Washington Arkansas under General Dockery. On February 27, 1864 Confederate General Richard Taylor reported to Major General W.R. Boggs, Chief of Staff to General Kirby Smith, that during the month of January 1864, "1,400 stand of arms were crossed (over the Mississippi River) and distributed among General Dockery's unarmed brigade."


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Paroled, exchanged and re-organized
By March 1864, Dockery's Brigade, consisting of remnants the now paroled and exchanged Arkansas regiments from Vicksburg and Port Hudson, was stationed near Monticello, in Drew County, Arkansas. General Fagan was with Dockery's Brigade assisting in the organization, but near the end of the month withdrew, leaving Brigadier General Dockery in command of his Brigade and Crawford's Brigade. Many of the regiments were mere skeletons, with companies numbering less than 10 men each, so many consolidations were made with in Dockery's Command.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Paroled, exchanged and re-organized
The heavy loss of men sustained by the 19th Arkansas and Johnson's 15th Arkansas, which was surrendered at Port Hudson made it necessary to consolidate these two regiments. But because their enviable records each regiment was permitted to retain its number; and the new regiment was known as the Consolidated 15th and 19th Arkansas Regiment.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Paroled, exchanged and re-organized
The regimental officers of the 15th Arkansas had been carried away to Union prison camps in the surrender and not exchanged so Captain Joe, who had managed to escape from Union custody, as senior remaining captain, took command of the remnant of the 15th Arkansas, and Colonel Williams of the 19th was placed in command of the Consolidated Regiment. A portion of the brigade was mounted, and General Dockery took command of this part; and Colonel Williams commanded the infantry portion of the brigade. This left the infantry portion of the 15th and 19th under the command of Captain Joe until the 23rd of May, 1864, when he resigned upon a surgeon's certificate, because of wounds received at Port Hudson. This left Lieutenant Dock in command of Company B in the Consolidated Regiment.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Paroled, exchanged and re-organized
General Dockery had mounted a portion of his brigade, ostensibly to help facilitate the re-assembly of the brigade. This action caused friction with Confederate leadership. The Confederate Army had at this point far more mounted commands that was necessary and the logistical requirements to support such a large mounted force far exceeded the ability of the Arkansas country side to support. By late March, Dockery had a portion of his brigade mounted and a regimental size portion of the brigade under the command of Colonel Williams dismounted as infantry. Dockery's Brigade consisted of the following elements:The mounted portion under Colonel Dockery consisted of:


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Paroled, exchanged and re-organized
The infantry portion of Dockery's brigade was a regimental size (approximately 400 man) organization and was commanded by Lieut. Col. Horatio G. P. Williams. This organization is occasionally referred to as the 19th Arkansas Infantry, but was actually composed of dismounted company size elements of:


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Paroled, exchanged and re-organized
The remnants of the following Arkansas regiments were also assigned to Dockery's brigade, but in numbers below company strength and the exact manner in which they were consolidated with the mounted and infantry portions of the brigade is unknown:


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Campden Expedition
After being exchanged and reorganized the regiment, along with the rest of Dockery's Brigade, saw extensive action during the Camden Expedition at the Battles of Prairie D'Ane, Marks' Mills, and Jenkins Ferry.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Campden Expedition, The Expedition to Mount Elba
The 1864 Camden Expedition was part of a two-pronged strategy by the Union Army to drive Confederate resistance out of southwestern Arkansas and northern Louisiana, and to penetrate into Confederate Texas. Union Major General Frederick Steele led a Union force from Little Rock on March 23, 1864, with the objective of joining forces with Major General Nathaniel Prentice Banks at Shreveport, Louisiana. Confederate forces in Arkansas were directed from Washington, where the Confederate government of the state relocated after the fall of Little Rock.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Campden Expedition, The Expedition to Mount Elba
In support of General Steele's movements toward Arkadelphia, Arkansas, Union Colonel Powell Clayton, stationed at Pine Bluff, decided to conduct an attack Colonel Dockery's forces at Monticello. Clayton had received information that Dockery was about to leave Monticello to oppose Steele's movement. The expedition to Mount Elba began on March 27, 1864 when the Powell's forces under left Pine Bluff. Colonel Clayton's force consisted of elements of Eighteenth Illinois Infantry, Twenty-eighth Wisconsin Infantry, Fifth Kansas Cavalry, First Indiana Cavalry, Seventh Missouri Cavalry (US), totaling approximately 237 men.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Campden Expedition, The Expedition to Mount Elba
Major General Sterling Price, the commander of the Confederate district of Arkansas, had ordered General Dockery to harass the rear flanks of the Union troop movements and attack Union supply trains. General Dockery's forces consisted of his own brigade and elements of Colonel Crawford's Arkansas Cavalry Brigade, including Poe's and McMurtrey's Cavalry Battalions. "Unfortunately," Price reported, "before Brigadier-General Dockery could execute this order he was on March 29 attacked at Mount Elba by a party of the enemy from Pine Bluff and completely routed.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Campden Expedition, The Expedition to Mount Elba
They at the same time captured at Long View his entire train (twenty-six wagons) and about 200 prisoners." "Col. Clayton, commanding the expedition from Pine Bluff, destroyed the pontoon bridge at Longview--burned a train of thirty-five wagons loaded with camp and garrison equipage, ammunition, quartermaster's stores, etc., and captured over three hundred prisoners  ...


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Campden Expedition, The Expedition to Mount Elba
.He engaged Dockery's division, of about 1200 men, from Monticello, on the morning of the 30th ult., routed and pursued him ten miles, with a loss on his side of over one hundred killed and wounded--capturing a large quantity of small arms and two stands of colors. Our loss did not exceed fifteen in killed, wounded and missing  ... .Three hundred horses and mules and many wagons were captured. Col. Clayton by this expedition has added fresh laurels to his brow. He is worthy of all honor, and deserving the highest reward at the hands of the government. He has been in every instance successful and will be promoted to the rank of Brigadier General for valiant service to the Union cause. He justly deserves the honor."


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Campden Expedition, Battle of Prairie D'Ane
Confederate Major General Sterling Price ordered Brigadier General John S. Marmaduke to harry the Union column and to prevent it from crossing the Little Missouri River as it moved toward Washington. Advance Union forces clashed with Confederate defenders in the Battle of Elkin's Ferry on April 3. The outnumbered Confederates were forced to withdraw, and General Marmaduke established a defensive position, lightly fortified by earthworks, on the road between Elkin's Ferry and Washington at the western edge of the sparsely-populated Prairie d'Ane, a roughly circular area of prairie surrounded by woodlands.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Campden Expedition, Battle of Prairie D'Ane
After waiting for the arrival of reinforcements, General Steele advanced on April 9, but was stopped in the Battle of Prairie D'Ane, a series of encounters that ended on April 12. General Dockery's Brigade assisted Marmaduke's division in Prairie D'Ane, 9–12 April. After making a feint in the direction of the Confederate state capital at Washington, Arkansas, Steele then turned and occupied Camden, on April 15, in order to resupply his army, which was then on half-rations. Price had stripped Camden of personnel in order to defend Washington, and the Union forces occupied the city against no significant opposition.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Campden Expedition, Battle of Poison Spring
After a two-day wait, General Steele sent out foraging parties into the countryside and awaited news from Banks. However, Banks was in retreat, having been defeated at the Battle of Mansfield, and now more of Kirby Smith's forces were heading into Arkansas to intercept Steele. Dwindling supplies for his army at Camden forced Steele to send out a 1,200-man foraging party to gather corn that the Confederates had stored about twenty miles away.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Campden Expedition, Battle of Poison Spring
After loading the corn into over 200 wagons and proceeding about 5 miles on April 18, Col. James M. Williams's party was savagely attacked by John Marmaduke's division, assisted by the 19th Arkansas as part of Dockery's Brigade at the Battle of Poison Spring. Williams was forced to retreat northward into a marsh, where his men finally regrouped and fell back to Camden, minus the wagonloads of much needed corn.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Campden Expedition, Battle of Jenkins Ferry
Steele was relieved on April 20 when a wagon train arrived from Pine Bluff with welcome supplies. One week later, the Battle of Marks' Mills resulted in the capture of 2,000 more of Steele's men and many more wagons. Steele decided to abandon Camden under the cover of darkness and retreated to back toward Little Rock on April 26. Three days later, he reached the Saline River at Jenkins' Ferry and began constructing a pontoon bridge. Smith's Confederates arrived on April 30 and repeatedly attacked the retreating Federals in windy and rainy conditions.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Campden Expedition, Battle of Jenkins Ferry
Colonel H. G. P. WILLIAMS, of the 19th Arkansas, led his "dismounted casuals" of Dockery's Brigade on the left of Churchill's Division during the battle and filed the following report of his operations:


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Campden Expedition, Battle of Jenkins Ferry
I carried into action nearly 400 men, divided into four small detachments, commanded respectively by Capt. 's Drewry and Etris, Maj. Southerland, and Lieut. Gillespie, composing the infantry portion of Brig.-Gen. Dockery's brigade. Being temporarily detached from your division, I was ordered by Gen. Smith to cross a large creek or bayou, and moved rapidly down it on the left until I engaged the enemy. I had moved about 1,000 yards when my skirmishers engaged those of the enemy, and my line continuing to advance, the engagement soon became general.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Campden Expedition, Battle of Jenkins Ferry
After a severe contest of about thirty minutes I succeeded in driving him before me until he entirely disappeared in the under-brush. We again advanced slowly and cautiously, with desultory firing, until the engagement again became general, and lasting for about one hour, with very heavy musketry on each side; but again he was driven back and his fire virtually silenced. At this stage of the battle I was ordered by a staff officer of Gen. Smith to withdraw my forces and recross the creek where I first entered the bottom.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Campden Expedition, Battle of Jenkins Ferry
I fought with some advantages, my command being in the brush and thick timber, while the heaviest body of the enemy occupied the left corner of an open field across the creek, upon whom my fire was principally directed  ...   ... I cannot refrain from noticing the action of Lieut. Gillespie, Twelfth Battalion Sharpshooters, commanding detachment, on the field. For activity and daring he was particularly conspicuous, and I would respectfully urge that promotion could not be bestowed upon a more worthy or efficient officer. Capt. Franklin, First Battalion Dismounted Cavalry, commanding a company, deserves the highest praise for his conduct. ... My loss was 1 killed, 14 wounded, and 1 missing


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Campden Expedition, Battle of Jenkins Ferry
Colonel Steele repulsed the Confederate attacks and finally crossed with what was left of his force, destroying the bridge to prevent Smith from following. He was compelled to abandon most of his remaining supply wagons in the swamp north of the river. A badly chagrined Steele finally reached his base at the Little Rock Arsenal on May 3.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Campden Expedition, Battle of Jenkins Ferry
On May 8, 1864, Brigadier General T.J. Churchill reported that the strength of Dockery's Brigade was 870 effectives of 900 assigned. On 25 June 1864, a Union intelligence report placed Dockery's Brigade including 900 paroled and exchanged prisoners at Washington, Arkansas.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Last Year of the war
The remnants of Dockery's 19th Arkansas were consolidated with the 15th and 20th Arkansas Infantry on November 29, 1864, and the consolidated unit renamed as the 3rd Arkansas Consolidated Infantry Regiment. The consolidated regiment was assigned along with the 1st and 2nd Arkansas Consolidated Infantry Regiments to the 2nd (McNair's) Arkansas Brigade, 1st (Churchill's) Arkansas Division, 2nd Corps, Trans-Mississippi Department, from September 1864 to May 1865.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Service, Last Year of the war
On 22 January 1865, Major General Churchill was ordered to move his division to Minden, Louisiana, and occupy winter quarters. Union commanders in the Department of the Gulf reported on March 20, 1865 that General McNair's brigade was located at Minden, Louisiana, with the rest of Churchill's Division. In early April 1865, the division concentrated near Shreaveport Louisiana, and then moved to Marshall, Texas, by mid April 1865.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Surrender
The 3rd Arkansas Consolidated Infantry Regiment was stationed at Marshall, Texas, when the war ended, and was officially surrendered with the Department of the Trans-Mississippi by Major General E. Kirby Smith on May 26, 1865.


19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Dockery's), Notes
This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Government document: ", National Park Service".


19th Armored Battalion "M.O. Tumiati"
The 19th Armored Battalion "M.O. Tumiati" (Italian: 19° Battaglione Corazzato "M.O. Tumiati") is an inactive armored battalion of the Italian Army based in Florence in Tuscany. Originally the battalion, like all Italian tank units, was part of the infantry, but since 1 June 1999 it is part of the cavalry. Operationally the battalion was last assigned to the Motorized Brigade "Friuli".


19th Armored Battalion "M.O. Tumiati", History
The battalion was formed during the 1975 army reform: on 23 September 1975 the XIX Armored Battalion of the Infantry Brigade "Friuli" was renamed 19th Armored Battalion "M.O. Tumiati". The 19th Tumiati was granted a new war flag on 12 November 1976 by decree 846 of the President of the Italian Republic Giovanni Leone. The battalion received the traditions of the XIX Tank Battalion "M", which had been formed by the 31st Tank Infantry Regiment on l February 1942.


19th Armored Battalion "M.O. Tumiati", History
The battalion, equipped with M15/42 tanks and Semoventi 75/34 self-propelled guns, fought German forces, which tried to occupy Piombino on September 10 1943, two days after Italy had switched sides with the Armistice of Cassibile. After the battle for Piombino the battalion retreated to the countryside and destroyed its tanks, before the personnel dispersed.


19th Armored Battalion "M.O. Tumiati", History
After World War II the XIX battalion was reformed in Florence in 1959 as armored unit of the Infantry Brigade "Friuli".


19th Armored Battalion "M.O. Tumiati", History
Tank and armored battalions created during the 1975 army reform were all named for officers, soldiers and partisans, who were posthumously awarded Italy's highest military honor the Gold Medal of Military Valour for heroism during World War II. The 19th Tank Battalion's name commemorated 32nd Tank Infantry Regiment Second Lieutenant Francesco Tumiati, who had served in the Western Desert Campaign in 1941-1942 and joined a partisan unit after the German occupation of Italy in 1943. After 8 months as commander of a partisan detachment Tumiati was caught by German forces and executed on 17 May 1944. Equipped with M47 Patton tanks and M113 armored personnel carriers the battalion joined the Motorized Brigade "Friuli".


19th Armored Battalion "M.O. Tumiati", History
After the end of the Cold War the Italian Army began to draw down its forces and the 19th Armored Battalion was disbanded on 6 May 1991 in preparation for the merger of the Motorized Brigade "Friuli" and Mechanized Brigade "Trieste" on 1 June 1991.


19th Armoured Regiment (India)
19 Armoured Regiment is an armoured regiment of the Indian Army.


19th Armoured Regiment (India), Formation
19 Armoured Regiment was raised on 25 March 1985 at Ahmednagar. It has an all-India all-class composition, drawing troops from various castes and religions.


19th Armoured Regiment (India), History
The Regiment was presented the ‘President’s Standards’ at Babina, Uttar Pradesh on 19 October 2010 by the then President of India, Mrs. Prathiba Patil. Five armoured regiments of the 31 Armoured Division (19, 12, 13, 83 and 15 Armoured Regiments) were awarded the colours.


19th Armoured Regiment (India), History
The Regiment had the honour of participating in the Republic Day parade in 2018.


19th Armoured Regiment (India), Equipment
The Regiment was equipped with Vijayanta tanks at its raising. It is presently equipped with the T-90 tanks.


19th Armoured Regiment (India), Regimental Insignia
The Regimental insignia consists of crossed lances with pennons, overlaid with the numeral "19" inscribed on the crossing of the lances, mounted by an armoured fist and a scroll at the base with the words " कवचित  रेजिमेंट" (Kavachit Regiment, meaning Armoured Regiment) in Devanagari script.


19th Armoured Regiment (India), Regimental Insignia
The motto of the regiment is ‘विद्या  विनय  वीरता’ (Vidya, Vinay, Veerta), which translates to ‘Knowledge, Humility and Bravery’.


19th Army (German Empire)
The 19th Army (German: 19. Armee / Armeeoberkommando 19 / A.O.K. 19) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed in France on 4 February 1918 from the former South Army command. It served exclusively on the Western Front and was dissolved on 24 January 1919.


19th Army (German Empire), History
19th Army was one of three armies (along with 17th Army and 18th Army) formed in late 1917 / early 1918 with forces withdrawn from the Eastern Front. They were in place to take part in Ludendorff's German spring offensive. The Germans had realised that their only remaining chance of victory was to defeat the Allies before the overwhelming human and matériel resources of the United States could be deployed. They also had the temporary advantage in numbers afforded by nearly 50 divisions freed by the Russian withdrawal from the war (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk). It was still in existence when the war ended, serving on the Western Front as part of Heeresgruppe Herzog Albrecht von Württemberg.


19th Army (German Empire), History, Order of Battle, 30 October 1918
By the end of the war, the majority of the units assigned were lower quality Landwehr Divisions indicative of the relatively quiet sector that the Army was operating in.


19th Army (Soviet Union)
The 19th Army was a field army of the Soviet Union's Red Army, formed in 1941 and active during the Second World War. The army was formed three times, although only two of its formations saw combat.


19th Army (Soviet Union)
Its third formation was disbanded in June 1945 and its troops used to reinforce the Northern Group of Forces.


19th Army (Soviet Union), First formation
The army was first formed in June 1941 in the North Caucasus Military District under the command of General Lieutenant Ivan Konev. Division Commissar I.P. Sheklanov became Member of the Army's Military Soviet. Initially the army consisted of


19th Army (Soviet Union), First formation
Sources disagree as to whether a Mechanized Corps, either the 25th or the 26th, was directly subordinate to the Army as well. Three weeks before the outbreak of war the 19th Army was sent by rail to Ukraine in the Cherkassy region. The army received orders from the People's Commissar for Defence, Marshal Semyon Timoshenko, to defend the Kiev Fortified Region.


19th Army (Soviet Union), First formation
From 25 June 1941, the Army was included in the Group of Reserve Armies of the Highest Command (Stavka). The 19th Army was transferred by rail to Vitebsk, Rudnia, Smolensk. On 2 July, army was included into Western Front. The transfer by rail took more time than was expected. On 9 July the first units to arrive received orders to deny Vitebsk to the enemy and attack in the western direction and reach the western bank of Dvina. On the contrary, to the 11 July enemy brushed away Soviet forces from Vitebsk.


19th Army (Soviet Union), First formation
On 11 July, the 19th Army was strengthened by 7th Mechanized Corps and on the next day attacked Vitebsk anew. At that time the enemy had the initiative. To the 16 July, German forces struck through Yartsevo to Smolensk. Three Soviet armies (16th, 20th and 19th) found themselves in the operational encirclement. On 14 July, 19th Army Headquarters received orders to transfer its troops to the 16th Army and to move to the Kardumovo region, and then Yartsevo. 19th Army Staff with great effort broke out of the encirclement near Wadino and received new divisions under its command. Those new forces took defensive positions on the river Vol.


19th Army (Soviet Union), First formation
During August–September 1941, 19th Army took part in the Battle of Smolensk and tried to destroy the enemy Dukhowszczina group. In the middle of August army was strengthened with rifle, cavalry, tank division, two gun artillery regiments, three artillery divisions and two batteries of Rocket Artillery (Katyusha) additional from air army was protected by 43rd Mixed Aviation Division. Despite this reinforcements the army was not able to perform its task. A new attack on 1 September on Smolensk was also unsuccessful. On 10 September, the army took defensive positions. On 12 September, Konev became the commander of Western Front. New commander of 19th Army became General Lieutenant M.F. Lukin.


19th Army (Soviet Union), First formation
In October 1941, forces of the 19th Army fought in the Vyazma Defensive Operation (2–13 October). The army was surrounded by enemy forces southwest of Jelnya. In the middle of October part of the army fought its way out of the encirclement to the Mozhaisk defence line. The Army commander M.F. Lukin and Chief of Staff General Major Vasily Malyshkin became prisoners of war. The member of the Military Soviet of the Army Divisional Commissar I.P. Sheklanov died in action. General Lieutenant Ivan Boldin then took command, but soon afterwards the army was disbanded, on 20 October 1941.


19th Army (Soviet Union), First formation
The army's chief of Staff was General Major P.N. Rubtsov, from June to July 1941, and then Colonel W.F. Malyschkin, who was promoted to General Major from October 1941.


19th Army (Soviet Union), 19th Army 2nd formation
The army was formed on the basis of a STAVKA Directive from 20 November 1941 in the Reserve of the Supreme High Command. By STAVKA order from 23 November 1941, army was reformed into 1st Shock Army under direct command of STAVKA.


19th Army (Soviet Union), 19th Army 3rd formation
Formed on 4 April 1942 on the base of STAVKA Directive from 27 March 1942. Army was formed on a base of Kandalakhsa Operational Group which was a part of the Karelian Front. The Army's units were 104th and 122nd Rifle Divisions, 77th Marine Rifle Brigade, 4th Ski Brigade, two separate tank battalions and some artillery and other units.


19th Army (Soviet Union), 19th Army 3rd formation
99th Rifle Corps was also active with the army for a time.


19th Army (Soviet Union), 19th Army 3rd formation
Up until December 1944 the Army was defending the Kandalaksha direction. In September, her forces defeated enemy Allakurti group and by the months end reached the USSR state border with Finland on river Naruska-Joki, lake Onikamo-Jarvi where the army went on the defence. On 15 November 1944 army was transferred into the Stavka Reserve and in January 1945 it was positioned near Grodno and Białystok.


19th Army (Soviet Union), 19th Army 3rd formation
On 29 January 1945, the Army was subordinated to the 2nd Belorussian Front (2nd Formation). Then it took part in the East Pomeranian Offensive (10 February-4 April) during which course on 5 March it advanced to the coast of the Baltic Sea north of Koslin (Koszalin) and had an important role in the destruction of the east-Pomeranian enemy group. Next, the army together with 1st Guards Army, 70th Army and forces of the Baltic Fleet destroyed the enemy Gdynia  group and entered port of Gdynia (28 March).


19th Army (Soviet Union), 19th Army 3rd formation
In April-beginning of May the units of the army took part in destruction of enemy group in western coast of Danzig Bay. Then, in cooperation with the 2nd Shock Army, the army cleared Wolin peninsula, and Usedom and Rugia islands. On 9 May army received the capitulation of the German units on the Hel peninsula.


19th Army (Soviet Union), 19th Army 3rd formation
On 1 May 1945 the army consisted of the 132nd Rifle Corps (18th, 27th, and 205th Rifle Divisions), the 134th Rifle Corps (10th Guards Rifle Division, 310th Rifle Division, 313th Rifle Divisions), the 91st and 153rd Fortified Regions (УР), the 204th Guards Artillery Brigade, the 884th Anti-Tank Artillery Regiment, the 268th Mortar Regiment, and the 186th Anti- Aircraft Artillery Regiment (зенап).


19th Army (Soviet Union), 19th Army 3rd formation
The army and its headquarters were disbanded and elements of their troops used to reinforce the Northern Group of Forces on 10 June 1945, in accordance with a Stavka directive on the formation of the Northern Group of Forces dated 29 May.


19th Army (Soviet Union), 19th Army 3rd formation
General Major Stepan Morozov (March 1942- May 1943)General Major from February 1944- General Lieutenant Georgy Kozlov (May 1943-March 1945)General Lieutenant Vladimir Zakharovich Romanovsky (March 1945 - to the war's end)


19th Army (Soviet Union), 19th Army 3rd formation
Brigade Commissar from December 1942 Colonel Kalinovsky A.P. (April 1942-March 1944)General Major Pankov S.i (March 1944 - to the war's end)


19th Army (Soviet Union), 19th Army 3rd formation
Colonel from January 1943- General Major Markuschevich S.A. (April 1942-March 1945)General Lieutenant Ljapin P.I. (March 1945-to the war's end)


19th Army (Wehrmacht)
The 19th Army (German: 19. Armee) was a World War II field army of the German Army.


19th Army (Wehrmacht), History
Formed in August 1943 in occupied southern France from Armeegruppe Felber (the LXXXIII. Armeekorps), the 19th Army defended southern France, the Vosges Mountains, Alsace, Baden and southern Württemberg during the Allied invasion of southern France and other large Allied military operations that had as their goal the liberation of southern France and the invasion of southern Germany. Although nominally a field army, the 19th Army was under strength and consisted of third tier soldiers, wounded veterans, conscripts and Hiwis. Southern France in general was treated as a third tier theatre and given minimal attention by the OKW.


19th Army (Wehrmacht), History
The entire army was outfitted with damaged and obsolete equipment, with four of the 19th army's divisions designated "static divisions," meaning that they were stripped of all mobile assets and forbidden to move from their assigned positions. The Hiwis in particular proved unreliable and typically deserted or surrendered at the first opportunity. The only asset that posed any threat to Allied plans was the 11th Panzer Division, and even then it had  2 of its five tank battalions reassigned to other formations deemed more critical to the war effort.


19th Army (Wehrmacht), History
During Operation Dragoon, the 19th Army was trapped in an enormous encirclement, suffering 7,000 killed or missing, 20,000 wounded, 130,000-140,000 captured and was largely destroyed as a fighting force. However, its headquarters survived intact, retreated northwards and participated in the defense of the Rhine River.


19th Army (Wehrmacht), History
After the debacle in Southern France, the 19th Army was recreated with poorly trained conscripts and tasked with defending the west bank of the Rhine, and the city of Strasbourg. The 19th Army was again encircled and largely destroyed during the battle for the Colmar Pocket in January and February 1945. Once again its headquarters survived capture and was rebuilt largely from Volkssturm and hastily trained replacement troops in early 1945.


19th Army (Wehrmacht), History
With many of its best men and junior leaders dead or captured, the 19th Army's effectiveness was seriously impaired and it proved unable to parry the thrusts of its constant foe, the French First Army. Split by deep French armored thrusts into Baden, the Black Forest, and Württemberg, the 19th Army was destroyed in the area of Stuttgart and Münsingen in late April 1945, with remnants of the army surrendering as late as 8 May 1945. Formal surrender was accepted by Maj. General Edward H. Brooks, Commander of the U.S. Army's VI Corps.


19th Army Corps (France)
The 19th Army Corps (19e Corps d'Armée) was a corps of the French army. In December 1870, the Tours delegation created the 19th Army Corps which was formed in Alençon. Recreated by decree of the JO of August 13, 1874, it brought together the various military units of Algeria. It constituted the nucleus of the Army of Africa.


19th Army Corps (France)
The corps appears to have been disbanded and superseded by the 10th Military Region by a decree of 18 February 1946.


19th Army Corps (France), 19th Military Region
The Army Corps was located in the 19th Military Region of the Metropolitan Army which included the three départements of Algiers, Oran and Constantine, situated in modern day Algeria. The garrisons were principally in Algiers, Mascara, Tlemcen, and Ain. Elements were also in Tunisia, forming the 'Tunisian occupation division', located mainly in Tunis, Bizerte and Sousse. The other twenty military regions of the Metropolitan army covered mainland France, hence the distinction this was the 'Army of Africa'.


19th Army Corps (France), Franco-Prussian War
Twenty one army corps were established in December 1870, each with its own military region. The 19th Army Corps was stood down on 13 March 1871.


19th Army Corps (France), From 1870 to 1914
The corps' Oran and Algiers divisions fought the -'Aït Khabbash', a fraction of the Aït Ounbgui khams of the Aït Atta confederation in the late 1890s. The conflict ended by the annexation of the Touat-Gourara-Tidikelt complex by France in 1901.


19th Army Corps (France), First World War
The Moroccan Division was one of the most decorated units of the French Army and all its regiments were distinguished by unit citations mentioned in despatches of the armed forces at the end of the conflict. The Moroccan Division was the only division to receive the battle honour of being decorated with the légion d'honneur throughout the course of World War I.


19th Army Corps (France), First World War
The following troops were detached from the 19th Army Corps to serve in the Corps expéditionnaire d'Orient. Two provisional regiments, composed of a total of five Zouave battalions and one Foreign Legion battalion, saw action in the Gallipoli campaign, and thereafter on the Salonika front, fighting alongside British troops in both theatres of war.


19th Army Corps (France), Second World War
The 85th African Infantry Division (France) (85e DIA) was a Formation-A-Class reserve mountain division mobilized 2 September 1939 in Algiers. The 85th DIA occupied covering positions along the Libyan border until the end of May 1940 and was then shipped to Marseille by 3 June 1940.


19th Army Corps (France), Second World War
On 10 May 1940, the corps comprised the 85e DIA; the 181st African Infantry Division (France); the 182nd African Infantry Division (France); the 183rd African Infantry Division (France); the East Saharan Front of division size; an armoured battalion, an infantry battalion (21e Bataillon d'Infanterie Légère d'Afrique, of the Battalions of Light Infantry of Africa), and a cavalry regiment.


19th Army Corps (France), Second World War
The Oran, Constantine, and Algiers Divisions existed on 8 November 1942 as Operation Torch began; the corps was commanded by Lieutenant General fr:Louis Koeltz while the Algiers Division was under Charles Mast.


19th Army Corps (France), Second World War
The corps joined the Allies in late 1942 when Vichy French forces in north-west Africa went over to the Allies after 'Torch' and Hitler ordered 'Case Anton,' the German and Italian occupation of Vichy France.


19th Army Corps (France), Second World War
The Corps order of battle in 1942 (as far as known) during this time was:


19th Army Corps (France), Second World War
Division de Marche du Maroc :As of 27 decembre 1942 :7e régiment de tirailleurs marocains (Moroccan native infantry regiment)3e régiment de tirailleurs marocains (Moroccan native infantry regiment)4e régiment de tirailleurs tunisiens (Tunisian native infantry regiment)3e régiment étranger d'infanterie (foreign legion infantry regiment)1er Groupe de tabors marocains (Moroccan native infantry regiment)1st Foreign Cavalry Regiment (1er régiment étranger de cavalerie) (2 escadrons ? 1 groupe ?) (Foreign Legion)2 groupes de 751 battery of 47mm1 escadron d'automitrailleuses (GB)1 company of light tanks  (US)


19th Army Corps (France), Second World War
NB sont mentionnés : mountain artillery reinforcements (2 ou 3 ou 4 batteries ?)


19th Army Corps (France), Second World War
The 19th Army Corps fought as an Allied formation within the British 1st Army until the surrender of Axis forces in Tunisia.


19th Army Corps (France), Postwar changeover to 10th Military Region
General fr:Henry Martin (général) appears to have been the last commander of the 19th Army Corps (1944-46) and the first commander of the successor 10th Military Region, formed in accordance with the decree of 18 February 1946.


19th Army Corps (Russian Empire)
The 19th Army Corps was an Army corps in the Imperial Russian Army.


19th Avenue (San Francisco)
19th Avenue is a north-south city street in San Francisco, California. It consists of two non-contiguous segments that are separated by Golden Gate Park. The southern segment is a six-lane arterial thoroughfare, mostly signed as part of California State Route 1, that goes through the southwestern part of the city. The non-contiguous northern segment is primarily a residential street through the Richmond District.


19th Avenue (San Francisco), Route description, Southern segment
The southern segment of 19th Avenue begins as a northern continuation of St. Charles Avenue, a dead end street south of Randolph Street near the Ingleside neighborhood of San Francisco. 19th Avenue then proceeds northwest to Junipero Serra Boulevard. After crossing Junipero Serra, it heads north, passing San Francisco State University and Stonestown Galleria to Sloat Boulevard. The street then runs through the Sunset District to the southern edge of Golden Gate Park, where it then continues inside the park as Crossover Drive.


19th Avenue (San Francisco), Route description, Southern segment
Despite being a city street, the avenue between Junipero Serra Boulevard and Golden Gate Park is designated as part of the State Highway 1. The portion of the avenue between Junipero Serra Boulevard and Eucalyptus Drive is also run by the Muni Metro M Ocean View light rail, providing access to Downtown. 19th Avenue is located between 18th Avenue and 20th Avenue.


19th Avenue (San Francisco), Route description, Northern segment
The northern segment of 19th Avenue has its southern terminus at Fulton Street at the northern edge of Golden Gate Park. It heads north as a two-lane residential street through the Richmond District, crossing Geary Boulevard. It then ends at a cul-de-sac north of Lake Street, just short of the southern edge of the Presidio.


19th Avenue (San Francisco), Safety measures
State Senator Leland Yee authored a bill designating 19th Avenue as a double-penalty zone for speeding, illegally overtaking, driving under the influence, driving recklessly, seat belt violations, and other traffic offences enforced by California Highway Patrol San Francisco Division, which took effect on 1 January 2009. Previous legislative efforts were vetoed by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger in 2006, on the grounds that double-fine zones are ineffective without necessary safety measures. In 2007, the bill failed to come to a final vote before the Senate session ended. On February 22, 2008, Yee successfully reintroduced the bill.


19th Avenue and Junipero Serra / 19th Avenue and Randolph stations
19th Avenue and Junipero Serra (inbound) and 19th Avenue and Randolph (outbound) are a pair of one-way light rail stop on the Muni Metro M Ocean View line, located in the Merced Heights neighborhood of San Francisco, California. They opened with the line on October 6, 1925. The line was replaced with buses on August 6, 1939, but streetcar service resumed on December 17, 1944.


19th Avenue and Junipero Serra / 19th Avenue and Randolph stations
Inbound and outbound trains stop at opposite ends of the block. Inbound trains stop before crossing Junipero Serra Boulevard, while outbound trains stop before crossing Randolph Street. (A separate stop, labeled 19th Avenue and Randolph in both directions, is located two blocks to the southeast.)


19th Avenue and Randolph station
19th Avenue and Randolph is a light rail stop on the Muni Metro M Ocean View line, located in the Ingleside neighborhood of San Francisco, California. The stop opened with the line on October 6, 1925. The line was replaced with buses on August 6, 1939, but streetcar service resumed on December 17, 1944. There are no platforms at the stop; passengers must wait on the sidewalk.


19th Avenue/Camelback station
19th Avenue/Camelback is a station on the Metro light rail line in Uptown Phoenix, Arizona, United States. A park and ride lot is adjacent to the station on the south side of Camelback Road.


19th Avenue/Camelback station, Station art
"This landmark is approximately 30 feet tall, with an aluminum “skin” on the outside made from cut segments of aluminum bars. Fiber optic lights under the skin transform the sculpture into an inviting beacon at night.


19th Avenue/Dunlap station
19th Avenue/Dunlap is a station on the Valley Metro light rail line in Phoenix, Arizona. It was opened as part of Phase 1 of the Northwest Extension of the system on March 19, 2016, and will remain the end of the line until 2024, when Phase 2 extends the line to Metrocenter.


19th Avenue/Montebello station
19th Avenue/Montebello is a station on the Metro light rail line in Phoenix, Arizona, United States. A large park and ride lot is located on the east side of 19th Avenue. The station is immediately south of Bethany Home Road. The station was the northern terminus of the Valley Metro Rail until the Northwest Extension opened in 2016.


19th Bangladesh National Film Awards
The 19th Bangladesh National Film Awards, presented by Ministry of Information, Bangladesh to felicitate the best of Bangladeshi Cinema released in the year 1994. The ceremony took place in Dhaka and awards were given by then President of Bangladesh. The National Film Awards are the only film awards given by the government itself. Every year, a national panel appointed by the government selects the winning entry, and the award ceremony is held in Dhaka. 1994 was the 19th ceremony of National Film Awards.


19th Battalion (Australia)
The 19th Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army. Although the unit's numerical designation was bestowed upon it during World War I, the unit can trace its origins back to 1860 when a Volunteer Rifle corps was raised in South Sydney. During World War I, the 19th Battalion was raised as a unit of the Australian Imperial Force, attached to the 5th Brigade, of the 2nd Division.


19th Battalion (Australia)
The unit was formed in 1915 and was first sent to Gallipoli where it fought against the Turks, before being withdrawn from the peninsula and being sent to France in early 1916, where it served in the trenches along the Western Front. Over the next two years the battalion fought in many major battles and won numerous battle honours. In April 1918, it took part in defending against the German Spring Offensive, before the Allies launched their own last-ditch effort as part of the Hundred Days Offensive. The battalion was disbanded in October 1918 due to manpower shortages in the AIF and most of its men were sent to reinforce the other three battalions of the 5th Brigade.


19th Battalion (Australia)
In 1921, the 19th Battalion was reformed as part of the Citizens Forces (later the "Militia"), becoming known as the 19th Battalion (The South Sydney Regiment). From 1930 the battalion was linked with the 1st Battalion to form the 1st/19th Battalion (City of Sydney's Own Regiment), before being linked with the 20th Battalion. During World War II the battalion initially served in the defence of Darwin before being delinked from the 20th Battalion in 1941 and deployed in New Guinea and New Britain.


19th Battalion (Australia)
In 1945, the battalion was disbanded and was not reformed until 1966 when it was re-raised as part of the Citizens Military Force, serving as a special conditions battalion known as the 19th Battalion, Royal New South Wales Regiment. The battalion would maintain a similar role until 1995, although in 1971 it would be amalgamated with the 1st Battalion once more to form the 1st/19th Battalion, Royal New South Wales Regiment.


19th Battalion (Australia), History, Early origins
Like many Australian infantry battalions, the 19th Battalion's lineage is a complex one. As a result of a series of re-organisations, the battalion can trace its origins to 1860 when a corps of volunteers was raised in the southern suburbs of Sydney becoming known as "South Sydney's Own", a part of the military forces of the New South Wales colonial defence force. In 1903, following the Federation of Australia, this unit became part of the Commonwealth Military Forces and was subsumed into the 1st Australian Infantry Regiment.


19th Battalion (Australia), History, Early origins
In 1912, a system of compulsory military service was introduced and the unit was renamed the 21st Infantry, and then later, in 1915, the 22nd Infantry. This scheme greatly expanded the army, however, when World War I began, due to the provisions of the Defence Act (1903) which precluded sending conscripts overseas to fight, it became necessary to raise an all volunteer force, separate to the home military force – the Citizens Forces – for service in the Middle East and Europe.


19th Battalion (Australia), History, World War I
This force was known as the Australian Imperial Force (AIF). As a part of this, the 19th Battalion was raised in March 1915, in Liverpool, New South Wales, drawing some of its personnel from men who had already served with the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force. Upon establishment the battalion was assigned to the 5th Brigade, which was part of the 2nd Division. After completing basic training in Australia, the battalion was dispatched to Egypt where further training was undertaken.


19th Battalion (Australia), History, World War I
Later, the battalion was sent to Anzac Cove as part of a wave of reinforcements that were sent to the peninsula following the initial landing, arriving there on 21 August 1915. Following that, it took part in the attack on Battle of Hill 60, during which it was dispatched to the Azmak Dere, where a gap had formed following the British 11th Division's withdrawal amidst confused fighting.


19th Battalion (Australia), History, World War I
After this, the battalion was mainly employed in the defence of Pope's Hill, until it was withdrawn on 19 December 1915. It returned to Egypt and was involved in the defence of the Suez Canal zone in the early months of 1916. The battalion was then sent to France. Arriving there on 22 March 1916, the battalion moved to the Armentières area for familiarisation of trench warfare procedures on the Western Front, a completely different style of warfare to that encountered on Gallipoli.


19th Battalion (Australia), History, World War I
In July 1916, as part of the 2nd Division's relief of the 1st Division, the battalion arrived at Pozières, where it took part in the Battle of Pozières. In November 1916, following a period of respite in a quieter sector in Belgium, the 19th Battalion involved in an attack on a trench system known as "the Maze" near Flers, suffered devastating losses in winter conditions that were described as the "worst ever encountered by the AIF".