19th MMC – Ruse
The 19th Multi-member Constituency – Ruse is a constituency whose borders are the same as Ruse Province in Bulgaria.


19th MMC – Ruse, Background
In the 2009 Bulgarian parliamentary election the 19th Multi-member Constituency – Ruse elected 8 members to the Bulgarian National Assembly: 7 of which were by proportionality vote and 1 was by first-past-the-post voting.


19th Maine Infantry Regiment
The 19th Maine Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


19th Maine Infantry Regiment, Service
19th Maine was organized at Bath, Maine and mustered into Federal service for a three-year enlistment on August 25, 1862.


19th Maine Infantry Regiment, Service
The total loss of the 19th Maine in the two days of fighting [at Gettysburg] were 12 officers and 220 men, almost 53% of the 19th. The regiment took into battle on the second day of July 440 officers and men."


19th Maine Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment absorbed the 5th Company of Unassigned Maine Infantry in November 1864.


19th Maine Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was discharged from service on May 31, 1865 following the Union victory.


19th Maine Infantry Regiment, Total strength and casualties
1,441 men served in the 19th Maine Infantry Regiment during its service. It lost 192 enlisted men killed in action or died of wounds. 501 members of the regiment were wounded in action, 184 died of disease, and 47 died in Confederate prisons for a total of 376 fatalities from all causes.


19th Maine Infantry Regiment, External link
Media related to 19th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment at Wikimedia Commons


19th Maine Infantry Regiment, External link
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19th Manitoba Legislature
The members of the 19th Manitoba Legislature were elected in the Manitoba general election held in June 1932. The legislature sat from February 14, 1933, to June 12, 1936.


19th Manitoba Legislature
A coalition between the Progressive Party of Manitoba led by John Bracken and the Liberal Party led by Murdoch Mackay formed the government. Bracken served as premier.


19th Manitoba Legislature
Fawcett Taylor of the Conservatives was Leader of the Opposition. After Taylor resigned in 1933, William Sanford Evans became party leader.


19th Manitoba Legislature
The Minimum Wage Act was amended to include male workers over the age of 18. The minimum hourly wage in Manitoba was $0.25 for urban workers and $0.21 for rural workers. Up until 1931, the minimum wage only applied to female workers.


19th Manitoba Legislature
James Duncan McGregor was Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba until December 1, 1934, when William Johnston Tupper became lieutenant governor.


19th Manitoba Legislature, Members of the Assembly
The following members were elected to the assembly in 1932:


19th Marine Regiment (United States)
The 19th Marine Regiment was a composite engineer regiment of the United States Marine Corps subordinate to the 3rd Marine Division. It existed from September 1942 until September 1944. In December 1943 there was a large change of command in the Regiment. Marine engineer regiments were eventually disbanded in favor of independent engineering battalions within the parent Marine divisions.


19th Marine Regiment (United States), Subordinate units
The regiment was a composite of three different types of battalions and a headquarters and service company:


19th Marine Regiment (United States), History
Assigned to the 3rd Marine Division, on 11 March 1943 Col Robert M. Montaque took command of the Regiment in New Zealand. September 1943 saw the regiment land in the Bougainville campaign on that island. The seabees bulldozed paths through the jungle for tanks to attack the Japanese lines. C. Company with other 19th Marines built a corduroy road for tanks and supply movement for the 7th marines. Companies C, F, & I were attached to the 3rd RCT while Companies A, D, & G were attached to the 9th RCT.


19th Marine Regiment (United States), History
From there it went to Guadalcanal in preparation for the Battle of Guam (1944). It landed in the assault on Guam with Companies C, F, & I attached to the 3rd Marine Regimental Combat Team, Companies A, D, & G attached to the 9th Marine Regimental Combat Team and Companies B, E, & H attached to the 21st Marine Regimental Combat Team. The regiment was decommissioned on 17 August. The 25th NCB was returned to the Navy and assigned to the 5th Naval Construction Brigade, remaining on Guam until the war ended.


19th Marine Regiment (United States), History
With the inactivation of the 19th Marine Regiment the 3rd Engineer Battalion and the 3rd Pioneer Battalion were posted directly to the 3rd Marine Division. The 25th Naval Construction Battalion was replaced by the 62nd Naval Construction Battalion which was attached directly to the V Amphibious Corps for the Battle of Iwo Jima. The 3rd Pioneers landed on yellow 2 beach on D-plus 3 and remained there until D-plus 6. On D-plus 6 black beach was created and the pioneers moved there as did the 3rd Engineers. The 62nd NCB was made the lead Battalion for getting Motoyama Airfield #1 operational in place of the 133rd NCB which had taken heavy casualties.


19th Marine Regiment (United States), Unit awards
"Naval Unit Commendation,3d MarinesThe Secretary of the Navy takes pleasure in commending the


19th Marine Regiment (United States), Unit awards
"For outstanding heroism in action against enemy Japanese forces during the invasion, seizure, occupation and defense of Empress Augusta Bay Beachhead, Bougainville, Solomon Islands, from November 1 to December 22, 1943. In action against the enemy for the first time, the THIRD Marines landed on an extremely wide front in the face of perilous surf and beach conditions and through flanking fire of hostile machine guns, anti-boat guns, mortars, small arms and artillery from heavily entrenched positions on Cape Torokina and Puruata Island.


19th Marine Regiment (United States), Unit awards
Pressing forward through almost impenetrable jungle and swampy terrain, this Regiment completely reduced the intricate system of mutually supporting Japanese pillboxes, bunkers, fire trenches and foxholes which constituted the Cape Torokina defense, and secured its portion of the objective by evening of D-Day. Shifted to the left flank of the beachhead, the THIRD Marines smashed a Japanese counter-landing and drove steadily forward despite difficulties of terrain, supply and communication and, developing the main enemy position in a meeting engagement on the Numa. Numa trail, completely wiped out the Japanese 23rd Infantry.


19th Marine Regiment (United States), Unit awards
In continuous action as a front line regiment for a total of fifty-two consecutive days, the gallant men and officers of the THIRD Marines, by their skill in jungle warfare and their aggressive fighting spirit, contributed greatly to the success of the campaign and enhanced the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service."


19th Marine Regiment (United States), Unit awards
All personnel attached to and serving with the THIRD Marines at Bougainville from November 1 to December 22, 1943, are authorized to wear the NAVY UNIT COMMENDATION Ribbon.


19th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment
The 19th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


19th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Service
The 19th Massachusetts was organized at Camp Schouler in Lynnfield, Massachusetts and mustered in for a three-year enlistment on August 28, 1861, under the command of Colonel Edward Winslow Hinks.


19th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to Lander's Brigade, Division of the Potomac, to October 1861. Lander's Brigade, Stone's (Sedgwick's) Division, Army of the Potomac, to March 1862. 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, II Corps, Army of the Potomac, to March 1864. 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, II Corps, to June 1865.


19th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Service
The 19th Massachusetts mustered out of service on June 30, 1865, and was discharged July 22, 1865.


19th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Left Massachusetts for Washington, D.C., August 30. Camp at Meridian Hill until September 12, 1861. Moved to Poolesville, Md., September 12–15. Guard duty on the Upper Potomac until December. Operations on the Potomac October 21–24. Action at Ball's Bluff October 21. Moved to Muddy Run December 4, and duty there until March 12, 1862. Moved to Harpers Ferry, then to Charlestown and Berryville March 12–15. Ordered to Washington, D.C., March 24, and to the Peninsula March 27. Siege of Yorktown April 5-May 4. West Point May 7–8. Battle of Fair Oaks, Seven Pines, May 31-June 1.


19th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Seven days before Richmond June 25-July 1. Oak Grove, near Fair Oaks, June 25. Peach Orchard and Savage Station June 29. White Oak Swamp and Glendale June 30. Malvern Hill July 1. Harrison's Landing July 8. At Harrison's Landing until August 15. Movement to Alexandria August 15–28, thence to Fairfax Court House August 28–31. Cover Pope's retreat from Bull Run August 31-September 1. Maryland Campaign September–October. Battle of South Mountain September 14 (reserve). Battle of Antietam September 16–17. Moved to Harpers Ferry September 22, and duty there until October 30.


19th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Advance up Loudon Valley and movement to Falmouth, Va., October 30-November 17. Battle of Fredericksburg December 11–15. (Forlorn Hope to cross Rappahannock at Fredericksburg December 11.) Duty at Falmouth, Va., until April 1863. Chancellorsville Campaign April 27-May 6. Maryes' Heights. Fredericksburg, May 3. Salem Heights May 3–4. Gettysburg Campaign June 11-July 24. Battle of Gettysburg July 2–4, Advance from the Rappahannock to the Rapidan September 13–17. Bristoe Campaign October 9–22. Bristoe Station October 14. Advance to line of the Rappahannock November 7–8. Mine Run Campaign November 26-December 2. Robertson's Tavern, or Locust Grove, November 27. At Stevensburg until May 1864.


19th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Demonstration on the Rapidan February 6–7. Campaign from the Rapidan to the James May–June. Battles of the Wilderness May 5–7. Laurel Hill May 8. Spotsylvania May 8–12. Po River May 10. Spotsylvania Court House May 12–21. Assault on the Salient May 12. North Anna River May 23–26. On line of the Pamunkey May 26–28. Totopotomoy May 28–31. Cold Harbor June 1–12. Before Petersburg June 16–18. Siege of Petersburg June 16, 1864, to April 2, 1865. Jerusalem Plank Road June 22–23, 1864. Demonstration north of the James July 27–29. Deep Bottom July 27–28. Strawberry Plains, Deep Bottom, August 14–18.


19th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Ream's Station August 25. Boydton Plank Road, Hatcher's Run, October 27–28. Dabney's Mills, Hatcher's Run, February 5–7, 1865. Watkin's House March 25. Appomattox Campaign March 28-April 9. Crow's House March 31. Fall of Petersburg April 2. Sailor's Creek April 6. High Bridge and Farmville April 7. Appomattox Court House April 9. Surrender of Lee and his army. At Burkesville until May 2. March to Washington May 2–13. Grand Review of the Armies May 23. Duty at Washington until June 30.


19th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 294 men during service; 14 officers and 147 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 133 enlisted men died of disease.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece)
The 19th Mechanized Division (Greek: 19η Μηχανοκίνητη Μεραρχία) was a mechanized infantry division of the Hellenic Army, established on 15 January 1941. Its formation was not completed until late March. Its nucleus was the pre-war Mechanized Cavalry Regiment, augmented with captured Italian tankettes and cars, motorcycles and Universal Carriers provided by the British. Although officially a "mechanized" unit, as the division was mostly truck-borne, it is usually called the 19th Motorized Division in English-language literature.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece)
The division confronted the German invasion of Greece on 6 April 1941, covering the left flank of the Eastern Macedonia Army Section defending the forts of the Metaxas Line. In a series of clashes, the division was destroyed piecemeal as a fighting formation by 9 April. Its remnants surrendered along with the rest of the Greek Army in eastern Macedonia on 10 April.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Establishment
The origins of the division lie in the first attempts of the Hellenic Army to introduce mechanization in the interwar period. In 1931, Greece acquired its first tanks—two Vickers 6-Ton light tanks, one each of Type A and Type B, and two Carden Loyd tankettes. Initially used for training, they were formed into a tank battalion in 1935, with the expectation that they would be complemented with 14 light tanks ordered in Britain and France. In the event, these were never delivered due to the priority given by Britain and France to their own rearmament and the outbreak of World War II.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Establishment
In 1937, a Mechanized Cavalry Regiment was formed within the Hellenic Army's single Cavalry Division, in an apparent effort to follow the French Division Légère de Cavalerie model. The regiment comprised c. 165 trucks (44 each of Mercedes-Benz W 152 and Mercedes-Benz LG 2500 and 75 other trucks, mostly Fiats), as well as motorcycles and other vehicles, but no armoured cars or tanks.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Establishment
With the outbreak of the Greco-Italian War on 28 October 1940, the Mechanized Cavalry Regiment mobilized and fought as part of the Cavalry Division and later of the 8th Infantry Division. On 15 December, a Tank Company was formed within the regiment out of 35 L3/35 tankettes captured from the Italians in the Battle of Elaia–Kalamas.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Establishment
At the same time, a Tank School was set up in December in Athens, aiming to prepare Greek crews for the use of 40 Light Tank Mk IIIB "Dutchman" tanks promised as aid by the British; in the event, only ten of these were delivered to Greece, but the British sent also 100 Universal Carriers and 185 Austin 8 HP cars equipped with machine-guns.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Establishment
With this equipment at hand, the Greek GHQ issued an order (ΑΠ 7014) on 15 January 1941 for the establishment of the 19th Mechanized Division at Athens, under Major General Nikolaos Lioumbas. The division was to be structured around the Tank School, with a complement of 77 Universal Carriers and 100 Austins. The entire Mechanized Cavalry Regiment was to be incorporated in it, and further personnel were provided from the Cavalry Division (40 officers and 1,000 other ranks).


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Establishment
Despite several applications by infantry officers, none were selected to serve in the new division, which was exclusively staffed by cavalry personnel (c. 8,000 men). The initial order provided for the establishment of a full tank regiment and two mechanized infantry regiments, but due to the aforementioned lack of tanks this never came to pass.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Establishment
Due to delays in the officers and men arriving from the Albanian front, the first subunits became operational on 12 February. On 16 February, it began its move to the Larissa–Tyrnavos–Trikala area, where it was assembled by 26 February. The division was subordinated to the Central Macedonia Army Section (TSKM) upon its establishment (4 March) and moved to the area of Katerini, where its units arrived by 10 March.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Establishment
Between 14 and 17 March, the Mechanized Cavalry Regiment, transferred from the Albanian front, was gradually incorporated into the division: its Light Company formed the 19th Reconnaissance Group; its 1st Combat Company, with the 1st and 4th MG troops and the 1st and 4th Mortar Troops, formed the 191st Mechanized Regiment; its 2nd Combat Company, with the 2nd MG troop and the 2nd Mortar Troop, formed the 192nd Mechanized Regiment; and its 3rd Combat Company, with the 3rd MG troop and the 3rd Mortar Troop, formed the 193rd Mechanized Regiment.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Establishment
The Tank Company followed in late March. The tanks had to be driven all the way from the front in Albania to the division's new staging area at Kilkis, which resulted in two falling out of action and considerable wear on the rest, a major headache in view of the almost complete lack of spare parts. The haste in forming the division and scarcity of material meant that the division was barely battle-worthy, and insufficiently motorized. Brigadier H.V.S. Charrington, commander of the British 1st Armoured Brigade, described it as "recently enlisted garage hands", with "no possible prospect of fighting usefully as a mobile force".


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Combat history
The division's original role, as part of TSKM, was to cover the Mount Vermion–Mount Olympus line, shielding the British "W Force" as it assembled in its rear. It therefore occupied the eastern, coastal sector in front of Mount Olympus. As the units of "W Force" arrived and took positions on the Vermion–Olympus line, the British commander, Lt. General Henry Maitland Wilson, planned to assign the division to cover a sector of some 11 km north of Katerini, with the sea to their right and the 2nd New Zealand Division to their left. However, on 20 March, the division was redeployed north, around Lake Doiran, on anti-paratrooper duties, leaving the Olympus sector to be covered by overstretched New Zealand troops.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Combat history
On 28–29 March, in the face of the looming German invasion, the division moved further northeast to the area of Kilkis and Lachanas, coming under the control of the Eastern Macedonia Army Section (TSAM). On the way the two Italian tankette companies, along with the car-mounted Skoda battery, were detached and stationed at Neos Koukloutzas near Thessaloniki in anti-paratrooper duties. On 30 March, the 19th Reconnaissance Group was likewise detached for anti-paratrooper duties in the rear of the 7th Infantry Division at Doxato, while the 191st Regiment was detached as reserve for TSAM's Group of Divisions (14th and 18th Infantry Divisions) in the Sidirokastro area.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Combat history
The remainder of the division was tasked with three possible missions: securing the border sector Lake Doiran–Polykastro, currently lightly held by the 9th Border Sector; the reinforcement of the Mount Krousia defensive line, held by the Krousia Detachment (Απόσπασμα Κρουσίων); and covering the Group of Divisions' retreat should they be forced to abandon the main defensive line along Mount Beles. From 30 March, the division was engaged in reconnoitring these areas. On 4 April, the division was reinforced by the newly constituted IVb Mountain Artillery Battalion (IVβ Μοίρα Ορειβατικού Πυροβολικού), of two 4-gun batteries with Skoda 75 mm guns captured from the Italians.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Combat history, 6 April
With the onset of the German offensive on 6 April, the division assumed positions covering TSAM's left flank up to Lake Doiran. To reinforce it, TSAM subordinated to the division the independent Krousia Detachment under Col. Ilias Sionidis. This was formed around the 2nd Cavalry Regiment (1,400 men, 1,050 horses), with the command staff of the 81st Infantry Regiment, reinforced by the 5th–7th Security Companies, the newly formed 2nd Transport Security Battalion, the B3 Field Artillery Battalion (eight M1917 guns), and two 85 mm mod. 1925 guns and other minor units.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Combat history, 6 April
The division commander ordered his units to take up their positions in four sectors, from east to west: the 2nd Cavalry Regiment, west of Lake Kerkini (Lt. Col. Konstantinos Stergiou); the remainder of the Krousia Detachment (Col. Sionidis); 192nd Mechanized Regiment (Col. Konstantinos Asimakis); 193rd Mechanized Regiment (Col. Iason Nomikos). The divisional command post was at Kilkis. The resulting front stretched over 30 km. The available forces, 14 field guns and the effective strength of four infantry battalions, were far below what was necessary to effectively cover this frontage. In addition, further difficulties were presented by the inadequate communications network between the various units, while the expected air supremacy of the Luftwaffe posed particular dangers for mechanized units called upon to move in the open in daylight.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Combat history, 6 April
Preceded by mixed Universal Carrier and motorcycle reconnaissance detachments, the 192nd and 193rd Regiments began moving to their designated areas after noon, and arrived there at nightfall. At this point, 192nd Regiment could muster only 295 men, while another 241 could not be moved by vehicle—presumably due to a large number of breakdowns and the lack of spare parts and were ordered to proceed to Kilkis.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Combat history, 6 April
Shortly after 17:00, about 45 German planes bombed the 192nd Regiment at the village of Theodorovo. Two officers and 15 men were killed, over 50 personnel were wounded, while two Carriers, ten Austins and ten motorcycles were destroyed, effectively destroying the 2nd Open Tank Company as a combat formation. Col. Sionidis' command, which was also in the village, suffered 13 dead and 45 wounded.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Combat history, 6 April
Despite these losses, the 192nd Regiment reached its assigned positions, where it divided into two Resistance Centres: left, with the Tank Battalion and one of the 47 mm anti-tank troops, and the right, with the Foot Battalion and a 20 mm anti-tank troop. Initial German probing attacks during the night were successfully repelled.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Combat history, 6 April
193rd Regiment was more fortunate; it reached its deployment area without major obstacles, although a reconnaissance patrol clashed with the Germans near Kato Sourmena, and returned with a German prisoner. On the same evening, the division's 3.7 cm Flak shot down a German reconnaissance plane over Krisia railway station, and reconnaissance patrols reported German infiltration along the entire line of the railway track between Mouries and Rodopoli.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Combat history, 6 April
During the night, the division was allocated reinforcements from the 1st Security Battalion of Thessaloniki in the form of two infantry companies (one for each of the 192nd and 193rd Regiments), two MG squads and a 75 mm battery. In order to reconstitute the 192nd Regiment's 2nd Open Tank Company, divisional command ordered the crews of the two Italian-equipped Closed Tank Companies to abandon their vehicles and help man the Universal Carriers. The Italian tanks were hence abandoned and took no part in the fighting, but the reorganization of the 2nd Open Tank Company was not completed until April 8. 191st Regiment was also ordered to send a squadron of its Tank Company to the Rupel Pass.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Combat history, 7 April
Early in the morning of 7 April, the Germans launched an attack through the level plain between Lake Doiran and the mountains, but was repelled and retreated north of Mouries. On the same day, however, news of the collapse of the Yugoslav front to the north opened the possibility that German forces would outflank TSAM through the Vardar River valley, and TSAM ordered the 19th Division to plug the gap by extending its front to the west up to the Vardar.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Combat history, 7 April
The division took over the troops of the 11th Border Sector as well, while the remainder of the 1st Security Battalion (a further two infantry companies and MG squads) and three 3.7 cm Flak guns were sent as reinforcements, denuding Thessaloniki of virtually any military unit. The 19th Reconnaissance Group was also ordered to move to the division's support. Arriving after an 85 km night march at the village of Metalliko in the early hours of the next day, it formed the division's only reserve.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Combat history, 7 April
The division now was ordered to occupy a front some 50 km wide, divided into three subsectors: Eastern, from Akritas to Tavoulari, held by the 192nd Regiment, minus its Foot Battalion which remained at the Krousia sector; Central, at the Metamorfosi heights, to be occupied by the two companies sent from Thessaloniki; and Western, at the Batsova heights, taken over by the 11th Border Sector (two infantry companies). The remainder of the division remained in the Krousia area.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Combat history, 8 April
The 192nd Regiment's movement to occupy the Akritas–Tavoulari area was much delayed, so at 03:00, the 19th Reconnaissance Group was ordered to move forward and occupy it instead, as the Greek front was threatened by the advance of the 2nd Panzer Division. In addition, 193rd Regiment was ordered to dispatch two of its infantry companies to the area. These units had barely arrived at Akritas and occupied the Oveliskos height, when the German forces appeared at 06:00 in the form of two armoured columns with aerial support.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Combat history, 8 April
The German attack forced the elements of 193rd Regiment to abandon the height and withdraw south towards Akritas, where the 19th Reconnaissance Group had begun arriving. The 19th Reconnaissance Group commander sent a company to reinforce 193rd Regiment and deployed his troops covering Akritas village from the north, aiming to counterattack as soon as 192nd Regiment arrived to take over the position.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Combat history, 8 April
The 19th Reconnaissance Group met the German attack divided into three groups, each composed of a Carrier troop, a troop of the Group's Light Company, and three motorcycles with sidecars. Unable to resist the German attack, after a brief struggle, in which they reported two enemy tanks destroyed, the Greek forces defending Akritas retreated to the heights south of the village. The Germans left a few tanks in the village and moved in two columns to capture the village of Megali Sterna on the one hand and the Kalindria railway station and the village of Cherso on the other.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Combat history, 8 April
Through their capture of Akritas and the heights to its north, the Germans scored a significant success, opening the path to attacking the Krousia position from the rear. As a result, the surviving forces of the 193rd Regiment and the 19th Reconnaissance Group became de facto encircled and cut off by the two fast-moving German columns, as were the companies of the 9th Border Sector on the division's extreme left. Lacking any heavy weapons, these units had no choice but remain in place and await the arrival of the 192nd Regiment.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Combat history, 8 April
The latter, however, would not arrive. Moving from Myriofyto towards Akritas, it was attacked by a German column near Amaranta anad forced to withdraw towards Myriofyto. Further east, another German tank column surprised and took prisoner the two companies of the 1st Security Battalion marching to take over the Metamorfosi heights position. The Batsova heights were occupied by one company of the 11th Border Sector, arriving from Kilkis in cars, but a company of the 1st Security Battalion tasked with joining it disintegrated on the march.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Combat history, 8 April
As a result, by 10:30 the left flank of the division had become cut off and the Germans had effectively broken through the left of the Krousia defensive line. Further chaos resulted from an order to the division's units to retreat, which was countermanded by TSAM, resulting in some units remaining in place while others began abandoning the Krousia position. Thus 192nd Regiment left its Foot Battalion in the Krousia area and began withdrawing towards Kilkis. In the same night, 191st Regiment dispatched a mixed mechanized detachment—a light tank company, a car-borne company, and the "English" artillery company—to reinforce the Greek positions north of Sidirokastro.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Combat history, 9 and 10 April
With his division disintegrating and the Germans advancing—German troops captured Kilkis by 23:00 and entered Thessaloniki at 08:00 in the morning—Lioumbas transferred his command post from Kilkis northeast to the village of Kentriko, where he arrived on 02:00 in the morning, shortly before 192nd Regiment. After contacting his subordinate commanders, and with no contact with TSAM, he ordered the withdrawal of the division southeast along the sole free road towards the villages of Elliniko and Kleisto.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Combat history, 9 and 10 April
The mechanized elements of 192nd Regiment arrived at Elliniko first, at 07:00. Most of the other units in the Krousia sector first withdrew to the heights north and northeast of the Panorama village, while 2nd Transport Security Battalion and 2nd Cavalry Regiment headed directly for Elliniko. The units in the Panorama area were all ordered to retreat to Elliniko at 04:00, and arrived there c. 15:30. 192nd Regiment's Foot Battalion also withdrew to the heights north of Panorama, but was soon flanked on its left by the Germans, and was forced to withdraw to Kentriko, where it arrived c. 04:30.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Combat history, 9 and 10 April
Due to the confusion and the disordered mixing of various units, it was not until afternoon that the Foot Battalion was reunited with the rest of the 192nd Regiment at Elliniko. The retreat of 192nd Regiment however left 193rd Regiment without cover on its right flank, and at 02:30 the Germans attacked it from both the right and the rear. After a brief struggle, the regimental commander gave orders to surrender.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Combat history, 9 and 10 April
Following the general capitulation of TSAM, the remnants of the 19th Mechanized Division surrendered to the Germans at Serres in the afternoon of 10 April, while the remnants of the Krousia Detachment did so near Thessaloniki. The division's commander, chief of staff, and a few other officers chose instead to withdraw to the area of Chalkidiki. Apart from sending detachments, 191st Regiment did not participate en masse in battle. As soon as news came of the fall of Thessaloniki, the regiment moved to Stavros, where it disintegrated, with its men dispersing across Chalkidiki. This signalled the end of the division and its major sub-units as coherent fighting forces.


19th Mechanized Division (Greece), Legacy
The Hellenic Army considers the 19th Mechanized Division as its first major mechanized formation, and the progenitor of the modern Greek Armour combat arm, which inherited the traditions of the Cavalry arm after World War II.


19th Meril-Prothom Alo Awards
The 19th Meril Prothom Alo Awards ceremony, presented by Prothom Alo took place on 21 April 2017 at the Bangabandhu International Conference Center in Dhaka, Bangladesh as a part of 2016 film awards season.


19th Meril-Prothom Alo Awards, Facts and figures
This year Amitabh Reza Chowdhury received best film director award for Aynabaji. Shakib Khan secured his eighth award for Public Choice best film actor and this was fifth in a row from 2010. Nusrat Imroz Tisha in Public Choice best TV actress category for Ekti Taalgachher Golpo. Dilshad Nahar Kona got the awards in best female singer category again and that was double Hat-trick for her since 2009.


19th Meril-Prothom Alo Awards, Nominees and winners
A total of 16 awards were given at the ceremony. Following is the list of the winners.


19th Michigan Infantry Regiment
The 19th Michigan Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


19th Michigan Infantry Regiment, Service
The 19th Michigan Infantry was mustered into Federal service at Dowagiac, Michigan, on September 5, 1862. Among the soldiers was Frank Baldwin, who would go on to become one of only nineteen men to ever receive two Medal of Honor citations, one for the Civil War and another after the war while fighting the Indians in the U.S. Cavalry.


19th Michigan Infantry Regiment, Service
At the Battle of Thompson's Station, March 5th, 1863, the regiment was captured. Losses were 20 killed, 92 wounded, 345 captured, total 457.


19th Michigan Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment was mustered out of service on June 10, 1865.


19th Michigan Infantry Regiment, Total strength and casualties
The regiment suffered 7 officers and 88 enlisted men who were killed in action or mortally wounded and 160 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 255 fatalities.


19th Michigan Infantry Regiment, Further reading
This article about a specific military unit of the American Civil War is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


19th Military Airlift Squadron
The 19th Military Airlift Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 62d Military Airlift Wing, Military Airlift Command, stationed at McChord Air Force Base, Washington. It was inactivated on 22 December 1969.


19th Military Airlift Squadron, History, World War II
The first predecessor of the squadron was activated at Salt Lake City Army Air Base, Utah in July 1942 as the 363d Bombardment Squadron, one of the four original squadrons of the 304th Bombardment Group. In September, the squadron moved to Geiger Field, Washington, where it received its first personnel and began training with Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses, but soon moved to Virginia and switched to the Consolidated B-24 Liberator.


19th Military Airlift Squadron, History, World War II
After its arrival on the eastern seaboard, the squadron began antisubmarine warfare patrols. In November, it was renamed the 19th Antisubmarine Squadron and in December, its parent 304th Bombardment Group, whose squadrons had dispersed to various locations, was inactivated and the squadron was assigned to the 25th Antisubmarine Wing, which supervised Army Air Forces throughout the Atlantic coast. The Navy believed that more antisubmarine forces were required to protect convoys in the North Atlantic, where attacks were becoming more concentrated. In March, the 19th Antisubmarine Squadron relocated to Gander Airport in Newfoundland, soon joined by two other squadrons.


19th Military Airlift Squadron, History, World War II
US Army Air Forces Antisubmarine Command had moved some of its north American based antisubmarine squadrons to England in December 1942 as the 2037th Antisubmarine Wing (Provisional), but those early squadrons had subsequently been moved-on to airfields in French Morocco, where they were formed-up into the newly created 480th Antisubmarine Group under the control of the United States Navy Fleet Air Wing 15, part of the Moroccan Sea Frontier.


19th Military Airlift Squadron, History, World War II
To replace them, the antisubmarine squadrons in Newfoundland, including the 19th, were moved to RAF St Eval in Cornwall in March 1943, where they formed the 479th Antisubmarine Group under the control of No. 19 Group of RAF Coastal Command. The group conducted patrols over the Bay of Biscay in coordination with the RAF Coastal Command, achieving its greatest success in the first two months it was in action. Following this period, German U-boats adopted tactics that kept them submerged in the group's area of operations during daylight hours. The 479th Group continued its patrols, occasionally engaging Luftwaffe aircraft until October. The 479th Group was disbanded in England in November, along with the 19th Squadron.


19th Military Airlift Squadron, History, Special Weapons transportation
The second predecessor of the unit was established as the 19th Logistic Support Squadron in 1952 as the first of three logistic support squadrons organized by Air Materiel Command. Its mission was to provide worldwide airlift of nuclear weapons and related equipment, with a secondary mission to airlift other Department of Defense cargo as required when space was available.


19th Military Airlift Squadron, History, Special Weapons transportation
In 1963, Military Air Transport Service assumed the mission of transporting special weapons and the squadron was reassigned to the 62d Troop Carrier Wing, one of the command's two C-124 troop carrier wings. Shortly before its inactivation, its mission changed to that of strategic transport squadron flying worldwide airlift operations. It was inactivated in 1969 with the retirement of the C-124.


19th Military Airlift Squadron, History, Special Weapons transportation
In 1985 the two squadrons were consolidated and redesignated as the 19th Aeromedical Airlift Squadron.


19th Military Airlift Squadron, References, Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website .


19th Missile Brigade (Ukraine)
The 19th Missile Brigade "Saint Barbara" is an artillery formation of the Ukrainian Ground Forces, based in Khmelnytskyi. Its main armament is tactical ballistic missiles Tochka-U. The brigade is directly subordinated to the Ground Forces Command.


19th Mississippi Infantry Regiment
The 19th Mississippi Infantry Regiment was an infantry formation in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War, and was successively commanded by Colonels Christopher Mott, Lucius Lamar, Nathaniel Harris, Thomas Hardin, and Richard Phipps.


19th Mississippi Infantry Regiment, History
The Nineteenth Mississippi was organized on June 1, 1861, in the Mississippi Volunteers from the counties of Noxubee, Lafayette, Warren, Jefferson, Tippah, Marshall, and Itawamba. It fought with the Army of Northern Virginia from Williamsburg to Cold Harbor, then served in the Petersburg trenches south of the James River and the Appomattox Campaign. This regiment lost 15 killed and 85 wounded of the 501 engaged at Williamsburg, had 58 killed, 264 wounded, and three missing at Gaines' Mill and Frayser's Farm, and had six killed and 52 wounded in the Maryland Campaign. Its casualties were six killed and 40 wounded at Chancellorsville and seven percent of the 372 at Gettysburg disabled. On April 9, 1865, it surrendered with eight officers and 129 men.


19th Moscow International Film Festival
The 19th Moscow International Film Festival was held from 17 to 28 July 1995. The Golden St. George was not awarded.


19th Motor Rifle Division
The 19th Motor Rifle Division appears to have been formed originally in July 1922 at Tambov in the Moscow Military District as a territorial formation. In 1923 it was awarded the 'Tambov' placename and renamed the 19th Voronezh Rifle Division.


19th Motor Rifle Division, History
By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War it consisted of the 32nd, 282nd, and 315th Rifle, 90th Artillery, and the 103rd Howitzer Artillery Regiment. The division entered combat against the Germans on July 19, 1941 near Yelnya as part of the 24th Army of the Western Front. It participated in the Elninskaya offensive, the Battle of Moscow, Rzhev-Vyazma offensive operation in 1942, the Rzhev-Sychevka offensive, Kharkiv defensive operation in 1943, Belgorod-Khar'kov Offensive Operation (3 August 1943 - 23 August 1943) (a part of Operation Polkovodets Rumyantsev). As part of the 7th Guards Army, it fought in the Poltava-Kremenchuk offensive, the Pyatihatskoy offensive, Bereznegovatoe-Snigirevskaya Offensive, Odessa offensive, at Chisinau, Izmail offensive, Belgrade Offensive 1944 Derskoy offensive, Bratislava–Brno Offensive.


19th Motor Rifle Division, History
It participated in the liberation of the cities Elnya, Ruza, Krasnograd, Bobrynets, Bratislava, Shumla (Shumen) liberated September 9, 1944. For exemplary performance of command assignments in Bulgaria it was given the honorary name "Shumlinskoy" on 27 September 1944. It crossed the Seversky Donets, Ingulets, Dniester, Prut, Southern Bug, Dnieper and Danube Rivers. During the Belgrade operation in October 1944 the division entered Yugoslavia, and in November, crossed the Danube River near apathy and in difficult, forested mountainous terrain led fierce battles with the Nazis on his left side. In 1944 it fought through Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia, where it ended the war. For its courage in these battles and military skill the division was awarded the Order of Suvorov 2nd degree (January 6, 1945).


19th Motor Rifle Division, History
During the war it served successively with the 24th, 43rd, 5th, 20th, 3rd Guards Tank, 57th, 37th, 7th Guards, and 46th Armies.


19th Motor Rifle Division, History
In 1945, the division arrived in the Stavropol Military District and was stationed in Vladikavkaz. In May–June 1946, the division was reorganised into the 11th Separate Rifle Brigade. All battalions of the brigade were stationed in Ordzhonikidze (which became Vladikavkaz in 1990). On 1 July 1949 the 11th Separate Rifle Brigade was reorganised as the 19th Mountain Rifle Division, 12th Mountain Corps. On May 31, 1954, the 19th Mountain Division was renamed the 19th Rifle Division. In March 1957 the 19th Rifle Division was reorganized as the 92nd Motor Rifle Division. According to the USSR Minister of Defense Order No. 00147 of November 17, 1964, in order to preserve the martial traditions, the 92nd Motor Rifle Division was renamed the 19th Motor Rifle Division. Thus in 1965 it became again the 19th Motor Rifle Division.


19th Motor Rifle Division, History
It arrived in the Caucasus region by the mid-1950s and has been stationed for many years at Vladikavkaz. In the late 1980s it was part of the 42nd Army Corps at Volgograd and consisted of the 397th Tank Regiment, and the 201st, 429th, and 503rd Motor Rifle Regiments.


19th Motor Rifle Division, History
Today after reshuffling of units during the last fifteen years it is part of the reformed 58th Army, in the North Caucasus Military District. Division honorifics are - Russian: Воронежско-Шумлинская краснознаменная, орденов Суворова, Трудового Красного Знамени.


19th Motor Rifle Division, History
On August 8, 2008, elements of the 19th Motor Rifle Division (at least 503rd Motor Rifle Reg.) entered South Ossetia.


19th Motor Rifle Division, History
In 2009 as part of the wider restructuring of the Russian Ground Forces the division became the 19th Motor Rifle Brigade.


19th Motor Rifle Division, History
In 2020 19th Motorized Rife Brigade became the 19th Motorized Rifle Division within the 58th Army in the Southern Military District. It was reportedly planned to re-equip the Division with T-90M main battle tanks.


19th Motor Rifle Division, Personnel and Equipment
The 19th Motor Rifle Division currently has approximately 11,000 personnel in active service.


19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
The 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (commonly referred to as Shíjiǔ Dà; Chinese: 十九大) was held at the Great Hall of the People, Beijing, between 18 and 24 October 2017. 2,280 delegates represented the party's estimated 89 million members. Preparations for the 19th National Congress began in 2016 and ended with a plenary session of the Central Committee a few days prior to the Congress. In 2016, local and provincial party organizations began electing delegates to the congress as well as receiving and amending party documents. It will not be succeeded by the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party until 2022.


19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
During the congress, a new guiding ideology, labeled Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, was written into the party's constitution. It marked the first time since Mao Zedong Thought that a living party leader has enshrined into the party constitution an ideology named after himself. The Congress also emphasized strengthening socialism with Chinese characteristics, party-building, socialist rule of law, and setting concrete timelines for achieving development goals, such as building a moderately prosperous society and achieving "socialist modernization." It was also noted for rallying China to play a more substantial role internationally. The congress was also notable for the consolidation of power under Xi Jinping, marked by the removal of term limits from the Chinese constitution.


19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
The 19th National Congress endorsed the membership list of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and elected the Central Committee, which in turn approved the members of the Politburo and its Standing Committee. Five members of the 18th Politburo Standing Committee left the body due to having reached retirement age, and five new members joined the 19th Standing Committee: Li Zhanshu, Wang Yang, Wang Huning, Zhao Leji, and Han Zheng.


19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Preparations
The drafting process of the Report of the 18th Central Committee began in mid-to-late 2016, probably before the 6th Plenary Session. Normal procedure is that the sitting Politburo appoints a drafting committee that is responsible for researching major topics and can establish investigative research teams. The Draft Report is sent to party groups, such as the provincial party organisation, to government institutions, the People's Liberation Army and select mass organisations while the drafting committee consults with leading specialists.


19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Preparations
The 6th Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee, which sat 24–27 October 2016, in its communique stated that the 19th National Congress would be held in Beijing in the second half of 2017. The drafting process continued after the 6th Plenary Session, and by summer 2017, forums for party and non-party members in Beijing were established to review the draft report. At some point in the process, retired party elders are consulted.


19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Preparations
The 7th Plenary Session convened on 11 October and was in session until 14 October 2017. 191 CC full members and 141 CC alternate members attended the session, with CCDI members attended in a non-voting capacity. The 7th Plenary Session laid the groundworks for the 19th National Congress, and publicised the date of its convocation. The 18th Politburo put forward a motion to the 7th Plenary Session of sending three documents to the 19th National Congress; the Report of the 18th Central Committee, Work Report of the 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and amendments to the CPC constitution.


19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Preparations
Xi Jinping presented the report of the 18th Central Committee while Liu Yunshan presented the amendments to the CPC constitution to the 7th Plenary Session. The Work Report of the 18th CCDI had been presented by Wang Qishan at the 8th CCDI Plenary Session on 9 October, and sent to the 7th Plenary Session for approval.


19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Preparations
The Draft Report of the 18th Central Committee was sent to more than 4,700 individuals for review, who represented various regions and departments. Six symposiums to hear opinions and suggestions on the draft report were organised, and Xi attended them. The 7th Plenary Session approved the documents.


19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Preparations
Three days later, on 17 October, the preparatory meeting was convened and presided over by Xi. 2,307 of the 19th National Congress delegates attended the meeting. It elected 22 individuals to the Credential Committee, 243 members to the Presidium of the 19th National Congress and Liu Yunshan was elected as the Secretary-General of the 19th National Congress. In addition, the attendees also approved the organizational setup and tasks of the secretariat of the congress. Tuo Zhen, the Deputy Head of the Publicity Department and main spokesperson for the 19th National Congress, publicised the agenda of the 19th National Congress, which had been approved by the preparatory meeting. The agenda was:


19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Delegates
The election of delegates to the 19th National Congress started on 8 November 2016 and ended in June 2017, when the 18th Central Committee had approved the quota, needed qualifications and the election procedure. The criteria of becoming a delegate became "tougher" due to the ongoing anti-corruption campaign. As set forth by the 18th central Committee, a delegate is required to "be highly qualified politically and ideologically, have good work and life styles, be competent in discussing state affairs, and have been successful in their work."


19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Delegates
The delegates are elected from 40 electoral units. Of the 40 electoral units, 34 are divided by a defined geographical area and six units are for the central party and government. The People's Liberation Army makes up one of the six central units and is the largest in term of delegate quota. One electoral unit represents the departments directly subordinate to the Central Committee and another state-owned economy. The quote on the number of delegates can elect does not reflect population size or party size in the given region. Rather, it reflects the political importance of the given region or subject. For instance, Shanghai has historically sent the highest number of delegates to the party congresses among regional electoral units.


19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Delegates
Delegates are elected at local congresses of local party committees. The election process is competitive up to a point, with 15% of preliminary nominees being voted off by members during the election process. For instance, of the delegates elected at local party congresses of the Jiangxi Provincial Committee nominated 90 people. The quota for the Jiangxi electoral unit was 69. In this given unit there was 30% more candidates than seats. Once nominated, the candidates are reviewed by Central Committee through the Organisation Department. The remaining delegates will then have to stand for election at the provincial party congress, and the winners represented their electoral unit at the 19th National Congress.


19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Delegates
In the election of 2016–2017 99.2% of party members participated in the election process, and increase of 1.2% since the last congress. 2,287 delegates were elected according to Xinhua News Agency in early October, an increase of 30 delegates since the 18th National Congress. However, the number was reduced to 2,280 in an announcement on 17 October. Of the delegates, 24.1% were women and 11.5% were ethnic minorities. The number of delegates who represented or were active in frontline production and manufacturing (a category which includes workers, farmers, and technicians) made up 771 delegates (33.7%, an increase of 3.2% from the 18th National Congress).


19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Revisions to the Party Constitution
The Congress ratified changes to the Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party, including the incorporation of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. Xi thus became the first leader since Deng Xiaoping to append his name into party ideology; the change also led to many international media outlets calling Xi the "most powerful leader since Mao."


19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Leadership changes
The congress duly elected the party's leading bodies, including the 25-member Politburo, the 7-member Politburo Standing Committee, and the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the internal discipline organ that has come to the political foreground since 2012. It also elected a new, scaled down Central Military Commission.


19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Leadership changes, Succession
As expected, Xi Jinping duly renewed his term as General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, the party's top position and the de facto top office of China. Before the congress, speculation mounted on whether one of the younger officials already on the Politburo, such as Guangdong party secretary Hu Chunhua or Chongqing party secretary Sun Zhengcai, would be elevated to the Politburo Standing Committee, the party's top decision making body, in preparation for their assuming overall leadership of the party in 2022. However, in July 2017, Sun was abruptly removed from office and then expelled from the party, upsetting the carefully calibrated balance prior to the opening of the congress.


19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Leadership changes, Politburo Standing Committee
The Politburo Standing Committee was generally considered to be the most powerful decision-making body in China. Since 16th Party Congress in 2002, its membership selection had become largely institutionalized, with mandatory retirement of any member who has reached the age of 68 at the time of a party congress. This informal precedent was retained at the 19th Congress. All five of the seven members of the 18th Politburo Standing Committee who were 68 or older at the time of the congress relinquished their seats (birth year in parentheses): Zhang Dejiang (1946), Yu Zhengsheng (1945), Liu Yunshan (1947), Wang Qishan (1948) and Zhang Gaoli (1946).


19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Leadership changes, Politburo Standing Committee
Although the retirement of four members of retirement age was not in doubt, there was speculation prior to the Congress that Wang Qishan, 69 years old at the time of the Congress, would stay on for another term as the anti-corruption chief. Wang made a media appearance in 2016 during which he stated that he was anticipating retiring soon due to his age, though it did not reduce the speculation. Ultimately, Wang retired from all party bodies at the congress, but became Vice-President, a largely symbolic position, in 2018, signaling that he would continue to play a limited role in state affairs.


19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Leadership changes, Politburo Standing Committee
Xi and Li Keqiang renewed their terms on the Politburo Standing Committee; five new members joined, listed below in order of precedence.


19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Leadership changes, Politburo Standing Committee
The list was consistent with that released by the Hong Kong-based South China Morning Post on 22 October, showing that external media sources continued to have access to the last-minute deliberations of the Beijing leadership.


19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Leadership changes, Politburo
According to convention, Politburo members entering the body in 2017 must be born after 1950. Three members of the outgoing Politburo, Liu Qibao, Zhang Chunxian, and Li Yuanchao, were not elected to the incoming Politburo even though they met the relevant age requirements. Liu and Zhang continued to hold seats in the Central Committee and were eventually given ceremonial positions with the CPPCC and NPC, respectively. Li Yuanchao did not secure a seat on the Central Committee and retired from politics altogether. All members of the 18th Politburo born prior to 1950 retired without exception.


19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Leadership changes, Politburo
Hu Chunhua, Xu Qiliang and Sun Chunlan returned to the Politburo for a second term, while Cai Qi, who was not even part of the outgoing Central Committee, vaulted directly into the Politburo. Taking into account Standing Committee members who were all promoted from the Politburo level, the changes represented a 60% turnover of membership between the 18th and 19th Politburo. Out of a total of fifteen 'open' seats, at least ten of the individuals promoted to fill them were close associates of Xi.


19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Leadership changes, Politburo
The full list of Politburo members (excluding Standing Committee) was:


19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Leadership changes, Secretariat
The day-to-day executive organ of the Politburo, the Secretariat, also saw significant turnover; the Politburo members in charge of the propaganda and organization departments, and the General Office chief typically held a seat on the Secretariat. The likely areas of purview for each secretary are listed along with their names. All members of the 19th Secretariat are also concurrently members of the Politburo, with the sole exception of You Quan.


19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Leadership changes, Central Committee
The Central Committee, composed of 204 members, was elected on 24 October 2017. Like previous congresses, the "more candidates than seats" elections method was used. 8% of candidates were rejected by delegate vote - the same ratio from the 18th Party Congress in 2012. Since 2007 the higher ranks of the party apparatus has seen its median age increase while retaining retirement limits. The 19th Central Committee showed a continuation of this trend; Lu Hao (born 1967), the youngest full member of the previous CC, remained its youngest member. 78 members of the 18th CC were named to the 19th CC, while 32 alternate members of the 18th CC were elected to full membership of the 19th CC.


19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, References, Sources
Plenary sessions, apparatus heads, ethnicity, the Central Committee member- and alternate membership, Politburo membership, Secretariat membership, Central Military Commission members, Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection membership, Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, offices an individual held, retirement, if the individual in question is military personnel, female, has been expelled, is currently under investigation or has retired:


19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, References, Sources
The following is a list of all resolutions and report produced by the 19th National Congress that were made available to the public.


19th National Congress of the Kuomintang
The 19th National Congress of the Kuomintang (Chinese: 中國國民黨第十九次全國代表大会) was the nineteenth national congress of the Kuomintang (KMT), which held on 10 November 2013 in Taichung Harbor Sports Stadium, Wuqi, Taichung, Taiwan.


19th National Congress of the Kuomintang, History
The 19th national congress was originally planned to be held on 29 September 2013 at National Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall in Taipei, but later changed to Taichung due to security concern.


19th National Congress of the Kuomintang, Results
This congress marked the official inauguration of Ma Ying-jeou second term as Chairman of KMT in which he had won previously with 91.85% result during the KMT chairmanship election on 20 July 2013. Lien Chan and Wu Po-hsiung were reelected as KMT honorary chairmen. The current six vice chairpersons of KMT were also remain in their post.


19th National Film Awards
The 19th National Film Awards, presented by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India to felicitate the best of Indian Cinema released in the year 1971.


19th National Film Awards, Juries
Four different committees were formed based on the film making sectors in India, mainly based in Bombay, Calcutta and Madras along with the central committee for all India level. For 19th National Film Awards.


19th National Film Awards, Awards
President's Gold Medal for the All India Best Feature Film is now better known as National Film Award for Best Feature Film, whereas President's Gold Medal for the Best Documentary Film is analogous to today's National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film. For children's films, Prime Minister's Gold Medal is now given as National Film Award for Best Children's Film. At the regional level, President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film is now given as National Film Award for Best Feature Film in a particular language. Certificate of Merit in all the categories is discontinued over the years.


19th National Film Awards, Awards, Feature films
Feature films were awarded at All India as well as regional level. For 19th National Film Awards, a Bengali film Seemabadha won the President's Gold Medal for the All India Best Feature Film.


19th National Film Awards, Awards, Feature films, Regional Award
The awards were given to the best films made in the regional languages of India. For feature films in English, Gujarati, Kashmiri, Oriya and Punjabi language, President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film was not given.


19th National Film Awards, Awards, Awards not given
Following were the awards not given as no film was found to be suitable for the award


19th National Geographic Bee
The 19th National Geographic Bee was held in Washington, D.C. on May 23, 2007, sponsored by the National Geographic Society.


19th National Geographic Bee, Overview
The final competition was moderated by Jeopardy! host Alex Trebek. The winner was Caitlin Snaring, a homeschooled student from Redmond, Washington, who won a $25,000 college scholarship and lifetime membership in the National Geographic Society. The 2nd-place winner, Suneil Iyer of Kansas, won a $15,000 scholarship. The 3rd-place winner, Mark Arildsen of Tennessee, won a $10,000 scholarship.


19th National Hockey League All-Star Game
The 19th National Hockey League All-Star Game was played in Montreal Forum on October 20, 1965, where the host Montreal Canadiens lost to a team of all-stars from the remaining NHL teams 5–2. It was the last time that an All-Star Game was held at the start of the season.


19th National Hockey League All-Star Game, Rosters
Note: Laperriere and Provost were members of the 1964–65 First All-Star team.


19th National Hockey League All-Star Game, Rosters
Note: G = Goaltender, D = Defence, C = Centre, LW = Left Wing, RW = Right WingSource: Podnieks


19th National Television Awards
The 19th National Television Awards was held at The O2 Arena on 22 January 2014. The event was presented by Dermot O'Leary, who himself was nominated for an award. The ceremony was broadcast live on ITV.


19th National Television Awards
Ant & Dec, Coronation Street and Doctor Who were among the big winners, whilst Benedict Cumberbatch picked up the new TV detective award. This is the only ceremony not to feature the Special Recognition Award.


19th Nervous Breakdown
"19th Nervous Breakdown" is a song recorded by the English rock band the Rolling Stones. Written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, it was recorded in late 1965 and released as a single in February 1966. It reached number 2 on both the US Billboard Hot 100 and Britain's Record Retailer chart (subsequently the UK Singles Chart), while topping the charts compiled by Cash Box and NME. In the UK, it broke the band's streak of consecutive number-one singles that had started with "It's All Over Now" (1964).


19th Nervous Breakdown, Composition and recording
The song was written during the group's October–December 1965 tour of the United States and recorded at the conclusion of their fourth North American tour during the Aftermath album sessions, between 3 and 8 December 1965 at RCA Recording Studios in Hollywood, California.


19th Nervous Breakdown, Composition and recording
Jagger came up with the title first and then wrote the lyrics around it. The opening guitar figure is played by Keith Richards while in the verses Brian Jones plays a bass-note figure that derives from "Diddley Daddy" by Bo Diddley, a major influence on the Rolling Stones' style. Here the riff is extended into a long blues chord progression behind verbose lyrics similar to those of their previous UK single, "Get Off of My Cloud", and the verse alternates with a bridge theme. The track is also known for Bill Wyman's so-called "dive-bombing" bass line at the end. At almost four minutes' duration, it is long by the standards of the time.


19th Nervous Breakdown, Release
"19th Nervous Breakdown" was released as a single on 4 February 1966 in the UK and on 12 February 1966 in the US. Like many early Rolling Stones recordings, "19th Nervous Breakdown" has been officially released only in mono sound. A rather weak stereo mix (as well as being about 20 seconds shorter) of the song has turned up in private and bootleg collections. One version of the stereo mix features a radically different vocal from Jagger, who alternates between mellow on the verses and rawer on the chorus. The Stones performed "19th Nervous Breakdown" live on The Ed Sullivan Show on 11 September.


19th Nervous Breakdown, Release
"19th Nervous Breakdown" has further appeared on numerous Stones compilations, including Hot Rocks 1964–1971 (1971), Singles Collection: The London Years (1989), Forty Licks (2002), and GRRR! (2012).


19th Nervous Breakdown, Release
In 2016, a previously unreleased alternate mono mix of the track appeared on Stray Cats, a compilation of singles and non-album tracks, in the box set The Rolling Stones in Mono.


19th Nervous Breakdown, Commercial performance
In the UK, "19th Nervous Breakdown" reached number 2 on the Record Retailer chart. The single topped the NME Top 30 chart for three weeks in addition to the BBC's Pick of the Pops charts. The single was the fifth best-selling single of 1966 in the UK, achieving greater full-year sales than both Nancy Sinatra's "These Boots Are Made for Walkin'" and the Stones' own "Paint It Black".


19th Nervous Breakdown, Commercial performance
In the US, "19th Nervous Breakdown" peaked at number 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 for three weeks, behind "The Ballad of the Green Berets" by SSgt Barry Sadler and number 1 on the Cash Box Top 100.


19th New Brunswick Legislature
The 19th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly represented New Brunswick between February 12, 1862, and February 8, 1865.


19th New Brunswick Legislature
The assembly sat at the pleasure of the Governor of New Brunswick Arthur Charles Hamilton-Gordon.


19th New Brunswick Legislature
John M. Johnson was chosen as speaker. In 1863, John C. Allen was named speaker after Johnson was named Attorney General.


19th New York Cavalry Regiment
The 19th New York Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


19th New York Cavalry Regiment, Service
Originally mustered into service as the 130th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment it was converted to cavalry on July 28, 1863, and designated as the 19th Regiment New York Volunteer Cavalry. The men were recruited from Allegany, Livingston, and Wyoming counties. The 19th Cavalry was officially re-designated as the 1st Regiment New York Dragoons on September 10, 1863. The regiment was commanded by Col. Alfred Gibbs.


19th New York State Legislature
The 19th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 6 to April 11, 1796, during the first year of John Jay's governorship, in New York City.


19th New York State Legislature, Background
Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1777, the State Senators were elected on general tickets in the senatorial districts, and were then divided into four classes. Six senators each drew lots for a term of 1, 2, 3 or 4 years and, beginning at the election in April 1778, every year six Senate seats came up for election to a four-year term. Assemblymen were elected countywide on general tickets to a one-year term, the whole assembly being renewed annually.


19th New York State Legislature, Background
In March 1786, the Legislature enacted that future Legislatures meet on the first Tuesday of January of each year unless called earlier by the governor. No general meeting place was determined, leaving it to each Legislature to name the place where to reconvene, and if no place could be agreed upon, the Legislature should meet again where it adjourned.


19th New York State Legislature, Background
On February 7, 1791, the Legislature had re-apportioned the Senate and Assembly districts, according to the figures of the 1790 United States Census.


19th New York State Legislature, Background
Matthew Clarkson resigned, leaving a vacancy in the Southern District; and John Williams was elected to Congress, leaving a vacancy in the Eastern District.


19th New York State Legislature, Background
At this time the politicians were divided into two opposing political parties: the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans.


19th New York State Legislature, Elections
The State election was held from April 28 to 30, 1795. U.S. Chief Justice John Jay was elected Governor; and State Senator Stephen Van Rensselaer was elected Lieutenant Governor; both were Federalists.


19th New York State Legislature, Elections
Senators Samuel Jones, Joshua Sands (both Southern D.), Thomas Tillotson (Middle D.) and Philip Schuyler (Western D.) were re-elected. Abraham Schenck (Middle D.) and Ebenezer Russell (Eastern D.) were also elected to full terms in the Senate. Philip Livingston (Southern D.) and Ambrose Spencer (Eastern D.) were elected to fill the vacancies.


19th New York State Legislature, Sessions
The Legislature was to meet at Federal Hall in New York City on January 5, 1796, but assembled a quorum only the next day. Both Houses adjourned on April 11.


19th New York State Legislature, Sessions
William North was re-elected Speaker with a vote of 29 against 18 for James Watson; both were Federalists.


19th New York State Legislature, Sessions
On February 12, 1796, the Legislature divided the State into seven districts, in each of which an Assistant Attorney General was to be the principal prosecuting officer, instead of the Attorney General and his deputy who had prosecuted statewide. The Attorney General continued to prosecute personally in New York City; the original Assistant Attorneys General appointed were: Nathaniel Lawrence, Jacob Radcliff, Ambrose Spencer, Anthony I. Blanchard, Abraham Van Vechten, William Stuart and Thomas R. Gold.


19th New York State Legislature, Sessions
On March 4, 1796, the Legislature re-apportioned the Senate and Assembly districts, based on the figures of the New York State Census of 1795. The number of State Senators was increased from 24 to 43; the number of assemblymen was increased from 70 to 108; the two-county Assembly districts were dismembered, and several new counties were created.


19th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Districts
Note: There are now 62 counties in the State of New York. The counties which are not mentioned in this list had not yet been established, or sufficiently organized, the area being included in one or more of the abovementioned counties.


19th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Members
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature.


19th New York State Legislature, State Assembly, Districts
Note: There are now 62 counties in the State of New York. The counties which are not mentioned in this list had not yet been established, or sufficiently organized, the area being included in one or more of the abovementioned counties.


19th New York State Legislature, State Assembly, Assemblymen
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued as members of this Legislature.


19th New Zealand Parliament
The 19th New Zealand Parliament was a term of the New Zealand Parliament. It opened on 24 June 1915, following the 1914 election. It was dissolved on 27 November 1919 in preparation for 1919 election.


19th New Zealand Parliament, Sessions
The 19th Parliament opened on 24 June 1915, following the 1914 general election. It sat for six sessions (with two sessions in 1918), and was dissolved on 27 November 1919.


19th New Zealand Parliament, Historical context
The 19th Parliament was the second term of the Reform Party government, which had been elected in the 1911 election. William Massey, the leader of the Reform Party, remained Prime Minister. The Liberal Party, led by former Prime Minister Joseph Ward, was technically the main opposition party, although for the majority of the term, the Liberals were part of a war-time coalition with Reform. Two small left-wing parties, the Social Democratic Party and the loosely grouped remnants of the United Labour Party, also held seats, and there was one left-wing independent (John Payne). During the 19th Parliament, the Social Democrats and most of the United Labour Party merged to form the modern Labour Party.


19th New Zealand Parliament, Party standings
There were 616,043 electors on the European roll, with 521,525 (84.66%) voting, including 5,618 informal votes. Turnout including Maori voters was 540,075. The following table shows votes at and party strengths immediately after the 1914 election:


19th New Zealand Parliament, Members, Initial MPs
76 general and 4 Māori electorates existed for the 19th Parliament.


19th New Zealand Parliament, Members, Initial MPs
The following are the results of the 1914 general election:


19th New Zealand Parliament, Members, By-elections during the 19th Parliament
There were a number of changes during the term of the 19th Parliament.


19th Northwest Territories Legislative Assembly
The 19th Northwest Territories Legislative Assembly in Canada was established by the results of the 2019 Northwest Territories general election on October 1, 2019.


19th Northwest Territories Legislative Assembly
In the 2019 election, 9 of the 19 MLAs elected were women, a record in both NWT and all of Canada. Previously, the most sitting women MLAs was three. On July 27, following the resignation of Jackson Lafferty and the subsequent by-election victory of Jane Weyallon Armstrong, the Legislature had 10 women to 9 men, and became the first jurisdiction in Canada to have a majority of women legislators.


19th Northwest Territories Legislative Assembly, Executive Council of the Northwest Territories
Ministers at present are as follows (current as of July 2021):


19th Ohio Independent Light Artillery Battery
19th Ohio Battery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


19th Ohio Independent Light Artillery Battery, Service
The 19th Ohio Battery was organized in Cleveland, Ohio and mustered in September 10, 1862, for a three-year enlistment under Captain Joseph C. Shields.


19th Ohio Independent Light Artillery Battery, Service
The battery was attached to Army of Kentucky, Department of the Ohio, to December 1862. Artillery, 2nd Division, Army of Kentucky, Department of the Ohio, to January 1863. District of Central Kentucky, Department of the Ohio, to June 1863. 2nd Brigade, 4th Division, XXIII Corps, Army of the Ohio, to July 1863. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, XXIII Corps, to August 1863. Reserve Artillery, XXIII Corps, to January 1864. 1st Brigade. 3rd Division, XXIII Corps, to April 1864. Artillery, 2nd Division, XXIII Corps, to February 1865. Artillery, 2nd Division, XXIII Corps, Department of North Carolina, to June 1865.


19th Ohio Independent Light Artillery Battery, Service
The 19th Ohio Battery mustered out of service at Salisbury, North Carolina, on June 28, 1865.


19th Ohio Independent Light Artillery Battery, Detailed service
Moved to Covington, Ky., October 6; then marched to Lexington, Ky., October 23–28. Camp at Ashland, Lexington, Ky., until December 1862. Moved to Richmond, Ky., December 10; then to Danville, Ky., December 31, and to Frankfort January 5, 1863. Return to Lexington, Ky., February 22, and duty there until June 6. March to Somerset June 6–10. Pursuit of Morgan from Somerset, Ky., to Steubenville, Ohio, July 5–29. Burnside's Campaign in eastern Tennessee August 16-October 17. Expedition to Cumberland Gap September 3–7. Operations about Cumberland Gap September 7–10. Duty at Knoxville, Tenn., until December. Knoxville Campaign November 4 to December 23.


19th Ohio Independent Light Artillery Battery, Detailed service
Campbell's Station November 16. Siege of Knoxville November 17-December 5. Camp at College Hill until March 1864. Moved to Morristown March 15, then to Mossy Creek. Moved to Knoxville April 20, then march to Cleveland, Tenn., April 27-May 3. Atlanta Campaign May to September. Demonstrations on Dalton May 9–13. Rocky Faced Ridge May 9–11. Battle of Resaca May 14–15. Advance on Dallas May 18–25. Operations on line of Pumpkin Vine Creek and battles about Dallas, New Hope Church, and Allatoona Hills May 25-June 5. Operations about Marietta and against Kennesaw Mountain June 10-July 2. Pine Hill June 11–14.


19th Ohio Independent Light Artillery Battery, Detailed service
Lost Mountain June 15–17. Muddy Creek June 17. Noyes Creek June 19. Kolb's Farm June 22. Assault on Kennesaw June 27. Nickajack Creek July 2–5. Chattahoochie River July 5–17. Capture of Decatur July 19. Howard House July 20. Siege of Atlanta July 22-August 25. Utoy Creek August 5–7. Flank movement on Jonesboro August 25–30. Battle of Jonesboro August 31-September 1. Lovejoy's Station September 2–6. Duty at Decatur until October, and at Atlanta until November 1. Moved to Nashville, Tenn., November 1. Nashville Campaign November–December. In front of Columbia, Tenn., November 24–27. Battle of Franklin November 30.


19th Ohio Independent Light Artillery Battery, Detailed service
Battle of Nashville December 15–16. Pursuit of Hood to the Tennessee River December 17–28. At Clifton, Tenn., until January 15, 1865. Movement to North Carolina via Washington, D.C., January 15–22. Occupation of Wilmington February 22; duty there until March 6. Advance on Goldsboro March 6–21. Occupation of Goldsboro March 21. Advance on Raleigh April 10–13. Occupation of Raleigh April 14. Bennett's House April 26. Surrender of Johnston and his army. Duty at Raleigh and Salisbury, N.C., until June.


19th Ohio Independent Light Artillery Battery, Casualties
The battery lost a total of 9 enlisted men during service; 2 killed and 7 died due to disease.


19th Ohio Infantry Regiment
The 19th Ohio Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


19th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service, Three-months regiment
The 19th Ohio Infantry Regiment organized at Cleveland, Ohio, in April and May 1861 in response to President Lincoln's call for 75,000 volunteers. The regiment moved to Columbus, Ohio, on May 27 and mustered in on May 29, to date from April 27, 1861, under the command of Colonel Samuel Beatty.


19th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service, Three-months regiment
Companies A and B moved to Bellaire, Ohio, on May 27, and guard duty there until June 3, and at Glover's Gap and Manington until June 20. The regiment at Zainesville until June 20. Moved to Parkersburg, W. Va., June 20–23. Attached to Rosecran's Brigade, Army of West Virginia. Moved to Clarksburg June 25. March to Buckhannon June 29–30. Occupation of Buckhannon June 30. Campaign in West Virginia July 6–17. Battle of Rich Mountain July 11.


19th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service, Three-months regiment
The regiment moved to Columbus July 23–27 and mustered out by companies: A, August 27; B and C, August 29; D, August 30; E, August 28; F, August 30; G, August 31; H, August 18; I, August 30; and K, August 31, 1861.


19th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service, Three-years regiment
The 19th Ohio Infantry was reorganized at Alliance, Ohio and mustered in for three years service on September 25, 1861, under the command of Colonel Charles Frederick Manderson. The regiment was recruited in the same counties as the three-months regiment.


19th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service, Three-years regiment
The regiment was attached to 11th Brigade, Army of the Ohio, to December 1861. 11th Brigade, 1st Division, Army of the Ohio, to March 1862. 11th Brigade, 5th Division, Army of the Ohio, to September 1862. 11th Brigade, 5th Division, II Corps, Army of the Ohio, to November 1862. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, Left Wing, XIV Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to January 1863. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, XXI Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to October 1863. 3rd Brigade, 3rd Division, IV Corps, to June 1865. 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, IV Corps, to August 1865. Department of Texas, to October 1865.


19th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service, Three-years regiment
The 19th Ohio Infantry mustered out of service at San Antonio, Texas, on October 24, 1865.


19th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Moved to Camp Dennison, Ohio, November 6, thence to Louisville, Ky., November 16. Duty at Camp Jenkins, Louisville, Lebanon, Renick's Creek, Jamestown and Greasy Creek until February 1862. March to Nashville, Tenn., February 15-March 8, and to Savannah, Tenn., March 18-April 6. Battle of Shiloh, Tenn., April 6–7, Advance on and siege of Corinth, Miss., April 29-May 30. Pursuit to Booneville May 31-June 6. Buell's Campaign in northern Alabama and middle Tennessee June to August. March to Battle Creek, Ala., and duty there until August 21. March to Louisville, Ky., in pursuit of Bragg August 21-September 26.


19th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Pursuit of Bragg into Kentucky October 1–15. Battle of Perryville, Ky., October 8 (reserve). March to Nashville, Tenn., October 16-November 7, and duty there until December 26. Advance on Murfreesboro, Tenn., December 26–30. Battle of Stones River December 30–31, 1862 and January 1–3, 1863. Duty at Murfreesboro until June. Tullahoma Campaign June 22-July 7. Liberty Gap June 22–24. At McMinnville until August 16. Passage of the Cumberland Mountains and Tennessee River and Chickamauga Campaign August 16-September 22. Battle of Chickamauga September 19–20. Siege of Chattanooga, Tenn., September 24-November 23. Chattanooga-Ringgold Campaign November 23–27. Orchard Knob November 23–24.


19th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Missionary Ridge November 25. Pursuit to Graysville November 26–27. March to relief of Knoxville November 28-December 8. Operations in eastern Tennessee December 1863 to April 1864. Regiment reenlisted January 1, 1864. Atlanta Campaign May l-September 8, Duty at Parker's Gap May 6–18. Advance to the Etowah May 18–23. Cassville May 19. Advance on Dallas May 22–25. Operations on Pumpkin Vine Creek and battles about Dallas, New Hope Church and Allatoona Hills May 25-June 5. Pickett's Mills May 27. Operations about Marietta and against Kennesaw Mountain June 10-July 2. Pine Mountain June 11–14. Lost Mountain June 15–17.


19th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Detailed service
Assault on Kennesaw June 27. Ruff's Station July 4. Chattahoochie River July 5–17. Peachtree Creek July 19–20. Siege of Atlanta July 22-August 25. Flank movement on Jonesboro August 25–30. Battle of Jonesboro August 31-September 1. Lovejoy's Station September 2–6. Operations against Hood, in northern Georgia and northern Alabama September 29-November 3. Nashville Campaign November–December. Columbia, Duck River, November 24–27. Battle of Franklin November 30. Battle of Nashville December 15–16. Pursuit of Hood to the Tennessee River December 17–28. Moved to Huntsville, Ala., and duty there until March 1865. Expedition from Whitesburg February 17. Operations in eastern Tennessee March 15-April 22. Duty at Nashville until June. Moved to New Orleans, La., June 16, thence to Texas. Duty at Green Lake until September 11, and at San Antonio until October 21.


19th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 279 men during service; 7 officers and 104 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 6 officers and 162 enlisted men died of disease.


19th Oklahoma Legislature
The Nineteenth Oklahoma Legislature was a meeting of the legislative branch of the government of Oklahoma, composed of the Oklahoma Senate and the Oklahoma House of Representatives. The state legislature met in regular session at the Oklahoma State Capitol in Oklahoma City from January 5 to April 1, 1943, and in special session April 10–21, 1944, during the term of Governor Robert S. Kerr. The special session was called by the governor to ensure military men and women could participate in the 1944 elections.


19th Oklahoma Legislature, Leadership, Senate
As Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma, James E. Berry served as the President of the Senate, giving him a tie-breaking vote and allowing him to serve as the presiding officer in ceremonial instances or during joint session. Tom Anglin served as the primary presiding officer, or President Pro Tempore of the Oklahoma Senate. He was a former Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives, during the term of Governor William H. Murray.


19th Oklahoma Legislature, Leadership, House of Representatives
The Oklahoma Democratic Party held 93 seats in the Oklahoma House of Representatives in 1943, allowing them to select the Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives. Harold Freeman of Pauls Valley, Oklahoma served in the role during the regular session in 1943 and Merle Lansden, a Marine private from Beaver, Oklahoma, served in the role during the special session in 1944. Freeman was unable to serve because of being called to serve. R.M. Mountcastle of Muskogee, Oklahoma served as the second-in-command, or Speaker Pro Tempore.


19th Operations Group
The 19th Operations Group (19 OG) is the operational flying component of the United States Air Force 19th Airlift Wing, stationed at Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas.


19th Operations Group
Equipped with the Lockheed C-130 Hercules, the group provides part of Air Mobility Command's Global Reach capability. Tasking requirements range from supplying humanitarian airlift relief to victims of disasters, to airdropping supplies and troops into the heart of contingency operations in hostile areas.


19th Operations Group
The 19 OG is one of the oldest organizations in the Air Force, being a successor organization of the 19th Bombardment Group, one of the 15 original combat air groups formed by the Army before World War II.


19th Operations Group
As part of the Far East Air Force, the unit was stationed at Clark Field in the Philippines when the Japanese attacked on 8 December 1941, suffering numerous casualties and losing most of its Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses in the attack. A small number of its aircraft escaped to fly combat missions in the Philippines; Netherlands East Indies and Papua New Guinea during early 1942.


19th Operations Group
In March 1942, the group was re-established in Australia, as part of the Fifth Air Force. From far-flung bases in Queensland, the Northern Territory and Western Australia, the group carried out missions over Japanese-held areas in New Guinea and the Dutch East Indies.


19th Operations Group
After moving to Guam in 1944, the group was re-equipped with the Boeing B-29 Superfortress and conducted its first raid with B-29s on 25 February 1945, against Tokyo.


19th Operations Group
The group has earned the distinction of being one of the most decorated units in the Air Force. Unit honors include nine Presidential Unit Citations, two Air Force Meritorious Unit Awards, ten Air Force Outstanding Unit Awards, one Philippine Presidential Unit Citation, and one Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation.


19th Operations Group, Units
The 19th Operations Group is composed of seven flying squadrons, flying the Lockheed C-130 Hercules:


19th Operations Group, Heraldry
The group's emblem, approved in 1936, shows a winged sword in front of the constellation of Pegasus, indicating both the striking force and navigation capability of the unit.


19th Operations Group, History
The 19th Observation Group was constituted as part of the United States Army Air Corps on 18 October 1927, without personnel or equipment. In 1929 its paper designation was changed to the 19th Bombardment Group, and it came into being with its activation at Rockwell Field, California, in June 1932. Two of its four squadrons, the 23rd and 72nd Bomb Squadrons, were permanently detached for service in Hawaii with the 5th Composite Group. The two squadrons at Rockwell, the 30th and 32nd Bomb Squadrons, were equipped with Keystone B-3A bombers.


19th Operations Group, History
The unit flew training missions along the California coast for coastal defense between 1932 and 1935. On 1 March 1935, all aviation combat units of the AAC in the United States were reorganized into General Headquarters Air Force, the first centralized control of the air striking arm of the United States. The 19th BG moved to March Field, California, in October 1935, as part of the 1st Wing, commanded by Brig. Gen. Henry H. Arnold.


19th Operations Group, History
In 1940, the group was equipped with the new B-17B Flying Fortress, the first production version of the B-17. The unit made aviation history on the night of 13–14 May 1941 when they ferried 21 B-17s from California to Hawaii to equip the new 11th Bomb Group, landing on schedule within 30 minutes of each other and in the order they took off. The crews returned to the United States by ship and relocated to Albuquerque AAF to train navigators.


19th Operations Group, History
The 19th BG redeployed two of its three squadrons (the 30th and 93d) to the Philippines between 16 October and 4 November 1941. The 26 bombers, traveling individually and at night on their longest leg, flew a trans-Pacific route from Hamilton Field, California; to Hickam Field, Hawaii; Midway Island; Wake Island; Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea; Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; and Clark Field, Luzon, a distance of over 10,000 miles, nearly all of it over water. The route had been pioneered between 5 and 12 September 1941 by the 14th Bombardment Squadron, which was attached as the group's third squadron after its arrival.


19th Operations Group, History
The 28th Bombardment Squadron, a squadron that had long been based in the Philippines with the 4th Composite Group (being broken up and disbanded), but now rostered by pilots fresh out of flight training, was also attached to the group as its fourth squadron and began transition training to the B-17.


19th Operations Group, History
The 19th BG had an inventory of 6 B-17C and 29 B-17D, although one B-17D was out of commission during its entire overseas service when it broke off its tail in a collision with a parked aircraft while landing in a typhoon after its flight from the United States on 12 September.


19th Operations Group, History, World War II, B-17 Flying Fortress era
The unit was based at Clark Field as the bomber command of the Far East Air Force when the Japanese attacked on 8 December 1941, inflicting numerous casualties and destroying two-thirds of the 19 B-17s at Clark in the attack. The 14th and 93d Squadrons, with 14 B-17D and two B-17C bombers, had been ordered to Del Monte Airfield on Mindanao just two days prior and escaped unharmed.


19th Operations Group, History, World War II, B-17 Flying Fortress era
During December 1941, the 19th began reconnaissance and bombardment operations against Japanese shipping and landing parties until 17 December when badly in need of depot maintenance, it began displacing south to Darwin. By the end of the year, ground personnel joined infantry units defending the Philippines, while the air echelon in Australia continued operations, including transport of supplies to the Philippines and evacuation of personnel. On 29 December 11 of the survivors moved forward to Singosari Airfield near Malang, Java, to continue combat operations.


19th Operations Group, History, World War II, B-17 Flying Fortress era
The group flew B-17s, B-24s, and LB-30s from Java against enemy airfields, shipping, and ground installations during the Japanese offensive against the Netherlands East Indies during early 1942, and was again evacuated on 2 March to Australia. It participated in the Battle of the Coral Sea, in May 1942, and raided enemy transportation and communications targets as well as troop concentrations during the Japanese invasion of Papua New Guinea. The group bombed enemy airdromes, ground installations, and shipping near Rabaul, New Britain in August 1942. Capt . Harl Pease, who had been with the group since the start of the war, was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for a mission flown on 7 August 1942.


19th Operations Group, History, World War II, B-17 Flying Fortress era
By late 1942, the USAAF decided that no more B-17s would be sent to the Pacific, and that units would be withdrawn or re-equipped in the Pacific in favor of the longer-ranged B-24 Liberator. In addition, the combat losses by Eighth Air Force in Europe were reaching such magnitudes that the entire B-17 production was urgently needed for replacements and training in that theater. The 19th Bomb Group was withdrawn from Australia and returned to Pocatello Army Air Base, Idaho in December to be a replacement training organization for II Bomber Command. However, weather in the northwestern United States was not conducive to training missions, and the 19th was moved to Pyote Army Airfield, Texas in January where it performed a training mission until November 1943.


19th Operations Group, History, World War II, B-29 Superfortress era
The group was largely unmanned from December 1943 to 1 April 1944, when it was inactivated. The group was activated the same date at Great Bend Army Airfield in Kansas, at the 19th Bombardment Group (Very Heavy) and began training for B-29 Superfortress combat missions. Delays in B-29 production and many modifications to the new aircraft led to extensive delays in the group's training.


19th Operations Group, History, World War II, B-29 Superfortress era
Construction of the B-29 airfields in the Marianas chain of islands, consisting primarily of Saipan, Tinian, and Guam, also delayed deployment to the Pacific until the group was ordered to the massive new North Field on Guam on 16 January 1945. On Guam the 19th was assigned to the 314th Bombardment Wing, XXI Bomber Command, Twentieth Air Force. The group's aircraft were identified with a large 96-inch black box on the tail fin, with a "M" painted in the middle.


19th Operations Group, History, World War II, B-29 Superfortress era
After some familiarity and training missions, the 19th conducted its first B-29 bombing raid over Japan on 25 February 1945, attacking Northeast Tokyo on a high-altitude bombing mission. The bombing results, however were poor. Over Japan, the B-29s encountered the jet stream, which was a high-speed wind coming out of the west at speeds as high as 200 mph at precisely the altitudes at which the bombers were operating. This caused the bomber formations to be disrupted and made accurate bombing impossible. Other targets in Japan were attacked and the results were still disappointing. Only ten percent of the damage done by the bombs was actually inside the target areas, and numerous aircraft were lost in these raids, many to accidents caused by engine failures due to the stress of flying in the jet stream.


19th Operations Group, History, World War II, B-29 Superfortress era
Concerned about the relative failure of the B-29 offensive to deal any crippling blows to Japan, General LeMay issued a new directive on 19 February. General LeMay had analyzed the structure of the Japanese economy, which depended heavily on cottage industries housed in cities close to major industrial areas. By destroying these feeder industries, the flow of vital components to the central plants could be slowed, disorganizing production of weapons vital to Japan. He decided to do this by using incendiary bombs rather than purely high-explosive bombs, which would, it was hoped, cause general conflagrations in large cities like Tokyo or Nagoya, spreading to some of the priority targets.


19th Operations Group, History, World War II, B-29 Superfortress era
The first raid to use these new techniques was on the night of 9–10 March against Tokyo. Another wing—the 314th Bombardment Wing (19th, 29th, 39th, and 330th BG) commanded by Brig. Gen. Thomas S. Power—had arrived in the Marianas and was stationed at North Field on Guam. A total of 302 B-29s participated in the raid, with 279 arriving over the target. The raid was led by special pathfinder crews who marked central aiming points. It lasted for two hours. The raid was a success beyond General LeMay's wildest expectations.


19th Operations Group, History, World War II, B-29 Superfortress era
The individual fires caused by the bombs joined to create a general conflagration, which would have been classified as a firestorm but for prevailing winds gusting at 17 to 28 mph (27 to 45 km/h). When it was over, sixteen square miles of the center of Tokyo had gone up in flames and nearly 84,000 people had been killed. Fourteen B-29s were lost. The B-29 was finally beginning to have an effect.


19th Operations Group, History, World War II, B-29 Superfortress era
By 20 March, XXI Bomber Command had run out of incendiaries, forcing a momentary pause. While waiting for new incendiary stocks, LeMay devoted his B-29s to flying tactical missions over the island of Kyushu in support of the invasion of Okinawa. Airfields and support facilities were primary targets. These raids lasted until early May.


19th Operations Group, History, World War II, B-29 Superfortress era
By the end of the war in August 1945, the 19th Bombardment Group flew 65 raids on the Japanese home islands, bombing strategic targets in Japan, participating in incendiary bomb attacks against Japanese cities, and attacked kamikaze airfields during the invasion of Okinawa in the spring of 1945.


19th Operations Group, History, From 1945
In the late 1940s, the 19th conducted sea-search, photographic mapping, and training missions in the western Pacific. It was the only Bombardment Group not in the Strategic Air Command chain of command and, in 1950, the only Bombardment Group permanently stationed outside the continental limits of the United States.


19th Operations Group, History, From 1945
When the Korean War broke out in late June 1950, the 19th Bombardment Group was immediately detached from the Wing for combat operations from Kadena AB, Okinawa. From Kadena, the squadrons (28th, 30th 93d) attacked North Korean invasion forces. The first B-29 Superfortress unit in the war, the group on 28 June attacked North Korean storage tanks, marshalling yards, and armor in the vicinity of Seoul, South Korea. This was the first of just under 650 combat missions during the course of the war. In the first two months of the war, it flew more than six hundred sorties, supporting UN ground forces by bombing enemy troops, vehicles, and such communications points as the Han River bridges.