1st Forfarshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, 127th (Highland) Field Regiment, North Africa
The next Axis defence line was along Wadi Akarit. The barrage for 51st (H) Division's assault began at 04.15 on 6 April, followed by four other barrages over five hours, one involving a difficult change of direction, and the division's attack, in the words of the Official History, 'went like clockwork'. Axis troops then began counter-attacks and the Highlanders had to fight hard to hold their gains. The pursuit was resumed the following day, through Sfax. By 22 April the regiment was in action near Enfidaville, with the OPs in the hills. This lasted until the fall of Tunis and the end of the campaign on 15 May.


1st Forfarshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, 127th (Highland) Field Regiment, Sicily
127th Field Rgt then rested at Bougie in Algeria and trained for the Allied landings in Sicily (Operation Husky). The regiment's advanced party sailed from Sfax harbour on 8 July and landed from the second Landing Ship, Tank, near Pachino four hours after the assault infantry on 10 July. The division was moving forward by nightfall, with the objectives of Palazzolo Acreide and Vizzini, which it reached by the night of 14/15 July. 127th Field Rgt described a 'fierce fight' at Vizzini and suffered some casualties, but the division continued with scarcely a pause towards the Dittaino river.


1st Forfarshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, 127th (Highland) Field Regiment, Sicily
On 17 July the division deployed to cross the Dittaino and attempt to capture Paternò. It achieved a bridgehead but further advance was checked, so on the night of 20/21 July the division sent a composite force of infantry and armour against the main enemy defences at Gerbini Airfield, supported by 127th Fd Rgt and other artillery. Although the attack succeeded, fierce counter-attacks by the Hermann Goring Division drove the Highlanders out the following morning, after which 51st (H) Division was put onto the defensive. Further counter-attacks and heavy shelling on 23/24 July led to more casualties for the regiment.


1st Forfarshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, 127th (Highland) Field Regiment, Sicily
51st (H) Division's artillery joined in XXX Corps' artillery preparation for operations against Adrano (the battles round Etna). This began at 23.50 on 31 July with 220 rpg while 51st (H) took bridgeheads over the Dittaino. Paternò fell on 4 August, Biancavilla on 6 August, and another 250 rpg programme was fired from midnight on 6/7 August. The division began a 50 miles (80 km) 'sidestep' on 12 August and the guns came into action north of Zafferana the following night. By now the Axis forces were evacuating Sicily, which was completed on 17 August.


1st Forfarshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, 127th (Highland) Field Regiment, Sicily
51st (H) Division did not take part in the subsequent Italian Campaign, having been earmarked for Operation Overlord. However, its guns did assist in the massive bombardment covering the assault crossing of the Strait of Messina on 3 September (Operation Baytown). One gun of E Troop, 127th Fd Rgt, fired a test round on the evening of 2 September, claiming to be the first British field gun to drop a round on mainland Italy during the war, and OP parties did cross with the assault troops to direct the fire.


1st Forfarshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, 127th (Highland) Field Regiment, Sicily
The regiment embarked aboard the SS Argentina bound for the UK on 9 November and disembarked at Liverpool on 27 November. It then went into training at Beaconsfield and Long Melford.


1st Forfarshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, 127th (Highland) Field Regiment, Normandy
51st (Highland) Division was in the first follow-up wave of formations in Overlord. On 2 June 1944 it embarked on Liberty ships at East India Docks, London, bound for Normandy and began landing on 7 June (D + 1). 127th Field Rgt landed the following day and went straight into action near Blainville-sur-Orne on the Caen Canal supporting the Orne bridgehead. This position was heavily shelled and the regiment pulled back to Bénouville on 11 June. It was mainly engaged in Defensive Fire (DF) tasks: several German counter-attacks were broken up by shellfire, but the regiment's own casualties mounted steadily.


1st Forfarshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, 127th (Highland) Field Regiment, Normandy
On 23 June the division expanded the bridgehead by a night attack at Ste Honorine la Chardonnerette. The guns had remained silent before the attack to ensure surprise, after which the enemy's successive attempts to recover the village were stopped by artillery fire. The division supported 3rd Division's attack on the flank of Operation Goodwood (see above). On 8 August 51st (H) Division spearheaded II Canadian Corps' attack towards Falaise (Operation Totalize), preceded by a massive barrage. The attack began before dawn and by first light the break-in was going well, with a number of villages taken.


1st Forfarshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, 127th (Highland) Field Regiment, Normandy
After a second artillery preparation the 4th Canadian and 1st Polish Armoured Divisions passed through to continue the advance. The Canadians renewed the advance to Falaise on 14 August in Operation Tractable, with 51st (H) Division attacking towards the Laison Valley on the left flank. RHQ of 127th Fd Rgt lost 15 vehicles to misdirected Royal Air Force bombs. By 21 August the Falaise Pocket had been closed and the division was advancing eastwards towards Lisieux.


1st Forfarshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, 127th (Highland) Field Regiment, Normandy
51st (H) Division then moved up to and across the Seine for the assault on Le Havre (Operation Astonia). This was a major operation, with the regiment allotted 500 rpg, alongside support from medium guns and RAF bombers, which cowed the opposition. It was followed by a similar assault to take Boulogne (Operation Wellhit). The regiment next made a long move to the Antwerp area at the end of September, then spent three weeks in the line at Sint-Oedenrode.


1st Forfarshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, 127th (Highland) Field Regiment, Low Countries
The division's next offensive action was west of 's-Hertogenbosch on the night of 23 October, when 300 guns were used and the infantry took all their objectives, with follow-up advances over succeeding days through Loon op Zand and across the Afwaterings Canal towards the Meuse (Dutch: Maas) by early November. On 14 November the division carried out an assault crossing of the Willems Canal near Weert accompanied by another heavy artillery barrage, then moved on to the Zig Canal and crossed that on 17 November with much less preparation.


1st Forfarshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, 127th (Highland) Field Regiment, Low Countries
51st (H) Division was then moved to hold 'The Island', the wet low-lying country between Nijmegen and Arnhem that had been captured during Operation Market Garden (see above). In mid-December the division was pulled out of the line for rest. On 21 December 127th Fd Rgt was suddenly moved south as part of the response to the German breakthrough in the Ardennes (the Battle of the Bulge). It was attached to XII Corps near Sittard covering the approaches to Antwerp, and then south of Liège on 25 December.


1st Forfarshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, 127th (Highland) Field Regiment, Low Countries
Reports of German troops disguised in American uniforms led to heightened security: without his identity card the regiment's CO, Lt-Col Maurice Burnett, was required by US troops to take down his trousers to check that he was not wearing German underpants. On 2 January the regiment moved to support 153 Bde and 53rd (Welsh) Division in counter-attacks. 153 Brigade attacked southwards from Marche-en-Famenne on 9 January, and then 51st (H) Division fought its way into the flank of the 'Bulge' in winter conditions.


1st Forfarshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, 127th (Highland) Field Regiment, Rhineland
Like 3rd Division, 51st (H) Division was engaged in the fighting in the Reichswald (Operation Veritable, see above). It began at 05.00 on 8 February with a huge artillery preparation, after which 153 Bde attacked at 13.00 and were on their objectives by 23.00 that night. Over the next two days the regiment fired smoke and HE to help the brigade continue the advance through the forest. Captain Swaab acting as FOO brought down fire on Germans retreating along the Meuse (Dutch: Maas) bank from 1st Battalion Gordon Highlanders. The slow advance continued through Gennep on 11 February, then German counter-attacks were driven off by DF fire. The final  phase of the operation for 51st (H) Division began on 18 February against Goch, which was successfully taken after stiff fighting.


1st Forfarshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, 127th (Highland) Field Regiment, Rhineland
The division took a leading part in the Rhine crossing (Operation Plunder, see above). OP parties from the regiment were among the first troops across the river on the night of 23/24 March, while the guns fired throughout the night just 600 yards from the river and under frequent return fire. The division fought its way into Rees, and 127th Fd Rgt's guns were brought over the river on 26 March, firing in support of 154 Bde and 43rd (Wessex) Division which had also crossed. The division then  continued through Isselburg and Anholt.


1st Forfarshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, 127th (Highland) Field Regiment, Rhineland
After a rest, the regiment moved forward on 5 April as part of 153 Brigade Group forming the divisional spearhead, and reached the Dortmund–Ems Canal on 8 April. After a pause at the canal, the division advanced rapidly towards Bremen against delaying actions. It reached Delmenhorst on 20 April and closed in on the centre of Bremen. The regiment was still under fire on 3 May, but the German surrender at Lüneburg Heath ended the fighting the next day. The regiment began occupation duties at Bevern, Lower Saxony, moving to Verden in June, and handed in its guns at the end of July.


1st Forfarshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, 127th (Highland) Field Regiment, Rhineland
127th (Highland) Field Regiment was placed in suspended animation in 1946 and disbanded in 1947.


1st Forfarshire Artillery Volunteers, Postwar
When the TA was reconstituted in 1947, the regiment reformed as 276th (Highland) Field Regiment, no longer in 51st (Highland) Division, but now in 84 (Field) Army Group Royal Artillery until that formation was disbanded in 1950. In 1955, on the disbandment of Anti- Aircraft Command, the regiment absorbed 586 (Highland) Light Anti- Aircraft/Searchlight Rgt.


1st Forfarshire Artillery Volunteers, Postwar
On the reduction of the TA in 1961, the regiment amalgamated with 275th (Highland) Field Rgt, HQ 51st Infantry Division Counter-Battery Staff Trp and 862 Locating Bty (successor to the North Scottish RGA, see above), to form 400th (Highland) (Aberdeen/Angus) Field Regiment with the following organisation:


1st Forfarshire Artillery Volunteers, Postwar
while P Bty of 276th Fd Rgt was merged into 277 (Fife) Field Squadron, Royal Engineers (RE).


1st Forfarshire Artillery Volunteers, Postwar
In 1967 the TA was reduced further into the Territorial and Army Volunteer Reserve and 400th Rgt amalgamated with Q (Orkney & Zetland) Bty from 540th (Lovat Scouts) Light Air Defence Rgt as The Highland Regiment, RA:


1st Forfarshire Artillery Volunteers, Postwar
However, in 1969 the Highland Regiment was reduced to a cadre sponsored by 117 (Highland) Field Park Squadron, RE, and then disbanded in 1975. In 1986 105 (Scottish) Air Defence Regiment was designated as its successor unit.


1st Forfarshire Artillery Volunteers, Uniforms
The original uniform of the 1st Forfarshire AVC at Arbroath was a blue hooked tunic and trousers, the latter carrying a broad red stripe and the former with scarlet collar and cuffs, black braid round the front and black cord Austrian knots on the sleeves. White belts and a Busby completed the uniform. The 3rd AVC at Broughty Ferry wore a buttoned blue tunic with red piping and black Austrian knot; the headgear was a blue Shako with red band and white feather plume, while the belts were black.


1st Forfarshire Artillery Volunteers, Uniforms
The original 4th AVC at Broughty Ferry wore the same uniform as the 1st; the renumbered 4th AVC at Dundee wore the same uniform as the 3rd, but the shako had an olive green band and red piping. From 1878 to 1908 the whole unit wore a standard Royal Artillery helmet.


1st Free French Division
The 1st Free French Division (French: 1re Division Française Libre, 1re DFL) was one of the principal units of the Free French Forces (FFL) during World War II, renowned for having fought the Battle of Bir Hakeim.


1st Free French Division
Consisting of troops from mainland France and from the then French colonial empire, the division was formed by the first units to rally to de Gaulle after the fall of France. Together with the 3rd Algerian Infantry Division, it was the most decorated French division of the Second World War.


1st Free French Division, World War II, 1940
The 1re DFL officially formed on 1 February 1943 and was dissolved on 15 August 1945. However, for the veterans of this unit, the history of the division began in the summer of 1940.


1st Free French Division, World War II, 1940
In London, on 30 June 1940, amongst the troops that fought in Norway, 900 men of the 13th Demi-Brigade of Foreign Legion, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Raoul Magrin-Vernerey, and 60 Chasseurs Alpins made the choice to resume combat. Elements of a tank company, sappers, artillerymen and sailors chose the same: they would later constitute the 1er Régiment de Fusiliers Marins, 1er RFM.


1st Free French Division, World War II, 1940
In the Middle East, 350 men of a battalion stationed in Cyprus, led by Captain Jean Lorotte de Banes passed to British Egypt. With 120 men of Captain Raphaël Folliot, who left French Lebanon on 27 June, they formed the 1st Marine Infantry Battalion, 1er BIM. They were joined by legionnaires of the 6th Foreign Infantry Regiment (6e REI), sailors of the French Naval Squadron Force X, and a squadron of Moroccan Spahis of the 1st Spahi Regiment, commanded by Captain Paul Jourdier.


1st Free French Division, World War II, 1940
In Africa, part of the 31st battery of the 6th Marine Artillery Regiment (French: 6e Régiment d'artillerie de marine, 6e RAMa), stationed at Bobo-Dioulasso, commanded by Captain Jean-Claude Laurent-Champrosay, passed from the French Upper Volta to the British Cameroons, forming the 1st Colonial Artillery Regiment (1er Régiment d'artillerie coloniale, 1er RAC).


1st Free French Division, World War II, 1940
Under the designation of Free French Expeditionary Corps (French: Corps expéditionnaire français libre), the troops formed in London disembarked at Freetown in Sierra Leone and participated in the unsuccessful Battle of Dakar, before being directed, in October 1940, to Douala in the French Cameroons. In November 1940, the unit participated in the Battle of Gabon, before going to Durban in South Africa.


1st Free French Division, World War II, 1941
Designated as the Free French Orient Brigade (French: Brigade Française Libre d'Orient) and commanded by Colonel Magrin-Vernerey, the brigade left Durban and disembarked at Suakin to take part in the East African Campaign. The brigade was reinforced by the Pacific Battalion (French: Bataillon du Pacifique) and by troops of the French Equatorial Africa, the latter going from Brazzaville to Bangui, N'Djamena, before finally arriving at Khartoum and Suakin. The brigade participated in the Battle of Keren.


1st Free French Division, World War II, 1941
Under the designation of 1st Light Free French Division (French: Première Division Légère Française Libre) and under the command of General Paul Legentilhomme, the division joined the Syria–Lebanon Campaign in June 1941, where they fought against fellow Frenchmen, aligned with Vichy. The division entered into Damascus on 21 June 1941, then continued to Homs, Aleppo, Beirut and arrived at Cairo, where the division was dissolved.


1st Free French Division, World War II, 1941
The division is reconstituted under the form of two Free French brigades:


1st Free French Division, World War II, 1942
The 1e BFL distinguished itself at the Battle of Bir Hakeim from 26 May – 11 June 1942, then in the Second Battle of El Alamein from October–November 1942.


1st Free French Division, World War II, 1942
The two brigades and the Free French Flying Column formed the  French Forces of the Western Desert (French: Forces françaises du Western Desert), part of the British Eighth Army.


1st Free French Division, World War II, 1943
These two brigades (plus a third coming from Djibouti), are united on 1 February 1943 in the 1st Free French Division, 1re DFL, commanded by General Edgard de Larminat and participate in the Tunisian Campaign.


1st Free French Division, World War II, 1943
In June 1943, various troops of the Army of Africa (French: l'armée d'Afrique) joined the ranks of the division. Accordingly, the division was sent to the desert of Libya during two and a half months, at the request of Henri Giraud. The 2e DFL of General Leclerc would follow the same procedure.


1st Free French Division, World War II, 1943
After the reunification of the two French forces, on 1 August 1943, the division was officially designated as 1st Motorized Infantry Division (French: 1re Division Motorisée d'Infanterie, 1re DMI) due to its integration in the French Expeditionary Corps in Italy. In 1944, the 1st Motorized Infantry Division became the 1st Marching Infantry Division (French: 1re Division de Marche d'Infanterie, 1re DMI). Nevertheless, the unit remained known as the 1re DFL.


1st Free French Division, World War II, 1944
Commanded by General Diego Brosset and now part of the French Expeditionary Corps, the division participated in the Italian Campaign since April 1944.


1st Free French Division, World War II, 1944
With First Army, the division disembarked in Provence on 15 August 1944 and participated in the Battle of Toulon, then went up the Rhône after having sent a couple of reconnaissance squadrons to Montpellier. Lyon was reached on 3 September.


1st Free French Division, World War II, 1944
In autumn 1944, the French Forces of the Interior joined the First Army, replacing the 6000 Africans of the division in what was referred during that period as blanchiment (whitening).


1st Free French Division, World War II, 1944
General Brosset accidentally died on 20 November 1944 and was succeeded by General Pierre Garbay.


1st Free French Division, World War II, 1945
The division made its way to the Vosges where it faced Operation Nordwind, the last major German offensive on the Western Front. Afterwards it joined the battles for the Colmar Pocket. In March 1945, the division participated in the Battle of Authion. It then took Tende and La Brigue. When it was about to march on Turin the German Army in Italy surrendered on 2 May 1945.


1st Free French Division, Decorations
The division was cited 4 times at the orders of the armed forces (26 June 1942, following the battle of Bir Hakeim; 27 January 1945, for Italy, the Vosges; 16 March 1945, for combats in Alsace; 7 July 1945, for the campaign of Authion) and the principal forming regiments were awarded the French Fourragere for 2 citations at the orders of the armed forces.


1st Free French Division, Homages
Forty-eight cemeteries, are the resting places of the more than 3600 members of the division. Eight of the division's units were made Compagnons de la Libération. Four members of the division represent the combatants in uniform resting at the Mémorial de la France combattante at au Mont Valérien, Nous sommes ici pour témoigner devant l'Histoire que de 1939 à 1945 ses fils ont lutté pour que la France vive libre:


1st Free French Division, Casualties
The division endured the loss of 3619 killed in action (out of which 1126 Colonial Indigenous (French: Indigènes Coloniaux)) with 67% killed in the period of April 1944 to May 1945.


1st Frigate Squadron (United Kingdom)
The 1st Frigate Squadron was an naval unit of the Royal Navy from 1972 to 2001.


1st Frigate Squadron (United Kingdom), Operational history
During its existence, the squadron included Leander-class and Type 22 frigates. Ships from the squadron participated in the Cod Wars, the Silver Jubilee Fleet Review, the Armilla Patrol and the Falklands War. The squadron was disbanded in 2001.


1st Frigate Squadron (United Kingdom), Operational history, 1977
At the Silver Jubilee Fleet Review, 24–29 June 1977, 1st Frigate Squadron comprised:


1st G6 summit
The 1st G6 summit took place on 15–17 November 1975, in Rambouillet, France. The venue for the summit meetings was the Château de Rambouillet near Paris.


1st G6 summit
The Group of Six (G6) was an unofficial forum which brought together the heads of the richest industrialized countries: France, West Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. This summit, and the others which would follow, were not meant to be linked formally with wider international institutions; and in fact, a kind of frustrated rebellion against the stiff formality of other international meetings was an element in the genesis of cooperation between France's President and West Germany's Chancellor as they conceived the first summit of the G6.


1st G6 summit
Later summits in what could become a continuing series of annual meetings were identified as the Group of Seven (G7) and Group of Eight (G8) summits — but this informal gathering was the one which set that process in motion.


1st G6 summit, Leaders at the summit
This was an unofficial forum (retreat) for the leaders of France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States, and a chance for them to get to know one another. It was important to note that each of them had attained office the previous year due to unforeseeable circumstances.


1st G6 summit, Leaders at the summit, Participants
These summit participants considered themselves representative of the "core" industrialized countries forum:


1st G6 summit, Issues
The summit was intended as a venue for resolving differences among its members. As a practical matter, the summit was also conceived as an opportunity for its members to give each other mutual encouragement in the face of difficult economic decisions. Rambouillet had no easy answers to what was then the most serious recession since the 1930s; but the main themes of what would later become known as the "1st G7/G8 summit" will remain for decades on the world's agenda—avoiding protectionism, energy dependency and boosting growth.


1st GAM: Amai Yuwaku
1st GAM: Amai Yuwaku (1st GAM～甘い誘惑～, 1st GAM: Sweet Seduction) is the first studio album of Hello! Project duo GAM, released on May 23, 2007. It contains GAM's first three singles and a remix of their first single "Thanks! ".


1st GAM: Amai Yuwaku
There are two editions of the album: a limited edition and a regular edition. The limited edition includes a DVD containing an alternate version of the music video for "Lu Lu Lu" and a making-of footage, while the regular edition comes with three photocards available only on its first pressing: one of Aya Matsuura, another for Miki Fujimoto, and the third one with both members.


1st GAM: Amai Yuwaku, GAM's demand
On the 2007 concert tour of Hello! Project (named ThePPN:Hello! Project 2007 Winter: Shuuketsu! 10th Anniversary), GAM emceed one of the three emcee segments. During their segment, Aya Matsuura told their audience about her desire for a GAM concert. Miki Fujimoto, on the other hand, explained that before they could organize a concert they should have more original songs; she later concluded that she wanted an album. Eventually, Tsunku and Up-Front Works Co. Ltd. listened and later approved their requests—the album was released on May 23, while the concert took place three days after the album's release. The album was originally expected to have nine songs; but for some unknown reasons, the number of tracks on the list changed to eleven.


1st GAM: Amai Yuwaku, Production
On the April 16, 2007 episode of Fujimoto's radio show DokiMiki Night, she confessed that there is more recording to be done in the album. Due to the tight and conflicting schedules of both members, they have to record their parts at different sessions. However, the duo managed to finish the recordings without any problems due to their chemistry, which was influenced by their long-time friendship.


1st GAM: Amai Yuwaku, Production
On May 2, the album covers were publicly released in Japan; a commercial was also released to advertise the album. On May 5, radio previews of "Ai no Fune," "Icha♡icha Summer," "Aijō Oasis," and "Amai Yūwaku" had emerged; another preview surfaced but its title was unknown.


1st GAM: Amai Yuwaku, Production
On May 17, another cover was released to the public—the cover for the limited edition DVD. The following day, the Oricon Charts released a poll of which albums would sell more through the Ninki Rankings. The company randomly asked 400 people off the streets what releases they know about releasing the following week or which one's they're going to buy. The album ranked #4 with 27.4%.


1st GAM: Amai Yuwaku, Post-release
Simultaneous with the album's release on May 23, Oricon Charts published in their official website a special interview article of the group. The two talked about the album and later exclaimed that its theme is "freedom". Later that day, the album debuted on the daily album charts, taking the #4 spot.


1st GLAAD Media Awards
The 1st GLAAD Media Awards  was held  on April 29, 1990 at the Time & Life Building, New York City to honor “fair, accurate and inclusive” representations of gay individuals in the media during the 1989 season. This first year was small and low-key, with not many categories. The award this year looks different than it does now - it was a small, square-shaped crystal sculpture that had an etching. The awards have similar criteria that other awards have as to who gets what awards, but the caveat is that there is some element of the LGBTQ+ community in the show and movie.


1st GLAAD Media Awards
GLAAD honored Phil Donahue as the Media Person of the Year Award for his continued coverage of the LGBT community, and GLAAD co-founder Vito Russo joined him onstage. Other honorees included As the World Turns (Daytime Drama), L.A. Law (Drama Series) and Common Threads: Stories from the Quilt (TV Documentary).


1st GMA Dove Awards
The 1st Annual GMA Dove Awards were held on September 1969 during the National Quartet Convention in Memphis, Tennessee.


1st Garrison Battalion, Essex Regiment
The 1st Garrison Battalion, Essex Regiment, was a unit formed from older or unfit men for line of communication duties during World War I. It served at Gallipoli, carrying out a multitude of tasks both at the bases and under fire on the beaches. The battalion continued serving at the bases in Egypt and at Salonika until after the end of the war.


1st Garrison Battalion, Essex Regiment, Origin
The unit was formed as a provisional battalion on 21 July 1915 from drafts of officers and men who were unfit for active service on account of age, infirmities, or from wounds received on the Western Front. These drafts were drawn from Special Reserve battalions garrisoning seaports in Eastern Command. (The Special Reserve was the former Militia, whose wartime role was to train reinforcements for the Regular Army):


1st Garrison Battalion, Essex Regiment, Origin
The battalion formed at Denham Camp in Buckinghamshire with a strength of 15 officers and 1144 other ranks, organised into four double companies. It was inspected by Lieutenant-General Sir Leslie Rundle, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Eastern Command, on 27 July and two days later its status was changed from a Provisional Battalion to 1st Garrison Battalion, Essex Regiment and all the men were transferred to that regiment. Lieutenant-Colonel William Tankerville Monypenny Reeve, CMG, of the 2nd Bn, Leinster Regiment, was appointed Commanding Officer (CO) in August. He had lost his left forearm at the Battle of Armentières in 1914. One of the company commanders was Captain Sir Capel Charles Wolseley, 9th Baronet, of the 3rd Bn, East Surrey Regiment, a former British Vice consul at Archangel, Russia. Additional officers transferred from Special Reserve and New Army battalions brought the unit up to full establishment.


1st Garrison Battalion, Essex Regiment, Gallipoli campaign
The new battalion was destined for the Gallipoli Campaign. On 24 August it entrained for Devonport, where it boarded HM Transport Z36 (the RMS Empress of Britain). It disembarked at Mudros, Lemnos, on 6 September, and went into camp at Turks' Head Peninsula.


1st Garrison Battalion, Essex Regiment, Gallipoli campaign
The men were medically examined on arrival and classified as:


1st Garrison Battalion, Essex Regiment, Gallipoli campaign
The duties carried out by the men were wide-ranging: a large number were employed at the hospitals, others with the Sanitary Section, the Egyptian Labour Corps, the Machine Gun School and the Remount Depot. Senior Non-Commissioned Officers (NCOs) acted as drill instructors and  as camp staff, other ranks (ORs) as cooks, waiters and orderlies, servants to chaplains, cemetery attendants, storemen, platelayers with the Royal Engineers' railway troops, and as motor cycle despatch riders, signallers and telephonists.


1st Garrison Battalion, Essex Regiment, Gallipoli campaign
The battalion provided picquets and guards for various key points such as the water condenser, for Turkish prisoners of war (PoWs) in camp and on board ships in Mudros harbour, and camp patrols to prevent illicit sale of alcohol and theft of stores. The battalion turned out Guards of Honour for dignitaries visiting Lemnos, including the commander-in-chief of the French fleet, and on 10 November for the Secretary of State for War, Lord Kitchener.


1st Garrison Battalion, Essex Regiment, Gallipoli campaign
The battalion of unfit men suffered a good deal from the sickness endemic throughout the campaign, and by the middle of November three officers and 113 men had been invalided to the base or sent home. Lieutenant-Colonel Reeve contracted dysentery at Lemnos and was evacuated home aboard the hospital ship Aquitania. He died at Queen Alexandra's Military Hospital at Millbank on 28 September 1915 and was buried in Brompton Cemetery. Major Stuart Goode (4th Bn, Bedfordshire Regiment) took over as CO, and was confirmed in the rank of temporary Lt-Col on 15 October. The battalion was reinforced by men and boys from the Royal Naval Division, and later by a party attached from 1/7th Bn, Royal Welch Fusiliers, and by Australian troops, so that two additional companies were formed as Nos 1 and 2 Detail Companies.


1st Garrison Battalion, Essex Regiment, Gallipoli campaign
Meanwhile, D Company landed at Anzac Cove on the Gallipoli peninsula on 19 September, with a strength of five officers and 212 other ranks, and pitched tents. The detachment's duties mainly covered water supply, ammunition carrying, burial parties, guarding PoWs, and operating the light railway. The company suffered a number of casualties from shellfire and small arms fire, the first fatality from enemy action occurring when a party carrying rations to the front line was hit by Shrapnel shell.


1st Garrison Battalion, Essex Regiment, Gallipoli campaign
In October Capt Sir Capel Wolseley led a party of reinforcements from the battalion on Lemnos and took command of the detachment. In November the detachment headquarters camp came under long-range machine gun fire and after suffering a number of killed and wounded moved into dugouts. On 23 October a further party of 74 NCOs and ORs from Lemnos landed at Cape Helles on the peninsula to carry out similar beach duties.


1st Garrison Battalion, Essex Regiment, Gallipoli campaign
During December the decision was made to end the campaign and evacuate the troops on the peninsula. D Company (now four officers and 129 ORs) returned from Anzac to Lemnos on 5 December. One man was drowned during unloading at Mudros, and Private H Spensley was later awarded a Royal Humane Society bronze medal for his rescue attempt. The detachment re-embarked for Imbros on 9 December.


1st Garrison Battalion, Essex Regiment, Gallipoli campaign
The rest of the battalion having been medically reclassified into those fit or unfit for hard work, a wing comprising A and C Companies (seven officers and 350 ORs) was sent to Tenedos on 26 December. The men were employed in loading and unloading ammunition, carried out at night to avoid observation by Turkish aircraft.


1st Garrison Battalion, Essex Regiment, Gallipoli campaign
Cape Helles was evacuated between 30 December and 6 January 1916, completing the withdrawal from the peninsula. The detachment at Imbros continued serving there until 5 February 1916, when it returned to Lemnos and joined the rest of the battalion aboard SS Ausonia bound for Egypt.


1st Garrison Battalion, Essex Regiment, Later war
In Egypt the battalion was classified as GHQ Troops, carrying out various duties at the bases in Egypt and Palestine during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign. After the war with Turkey ended with the Armistice of Mudros on 30 October 1918, the battalion was transferred to Salonika, where the Macedonian campaign had ended. It continued with its line of communication duties until it was disbanded on 2 May 1919.


1st Garrison Division of Chengdu Military Region
The Independent Division of Yunnan Provincial Military District (Chinese: 云南省军区独立师)(2nd Formation) was created on 5 May 1979 basing on the May Seventh Cadre School of Kunming Military Region as a result of Sino-Vietnamese War earlier that year.


1st Garrison Division of Chengdu Military Region
On 13 December 1982 it was renamed as 250th Army Division(Chinese: 陆军第250师), became the last division formed by PLA ground force.


1st Garrison Division of Chengdu Military Region
The division was part of 14th Army Corps (now 14th Army). In September 1985 the division was inactivated and renamed as 1st Garrison Division of Chengdu Military Region(Chinese: 成都军区守备第1师) and transferred to Yunnan Provincial Military District's control. In May 1992 the division was disbanded and merged into Wenshan Military Sub-district.


1st Garrison Division of Guangzhou Military Region
The 2nd Independent Division of Guangxi Military District(Chinese: 广西军区独立第2师) was formed in August 1966 from Public Security Contingent of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The division stationed in Nanning Guangxi.


1st Garrison Division of Guangzhou Military Region
In July-August 1968, the division, along with other units of Guangxi Military District, conducted military operation against Red Guards Faction "April Twenty-Second"(Chinese: 四二二, abbreviation of "Guangxi April 22nd Revolutionary Movement Command", Chinese: 广西四二二革命行动指挥部) in Nanning, Guangxi, during which the military forces killed 1470 and "captured" over 8500 civilians.


1st Garrison Division of Guangzhou Military Region
In March 1969, the division moved to Hepu, Guangxi, leaving its 6th Regiment in Nanning (later detached and moved to Chongzuo in April). In Hepu the division absorbed former 112th Garrison Regiment (then became its new 6th Regiment).


1st Garrison Division of Guangzhou Military Region
From March to December 1969 the division was temporarily renamed as Independent Division of Hepu(Chinese: 合浦独立师). From December 1969 the division was renamed as 2nd Independent Division of Guangxi Military District again.


1st Garrison Division of Guangzhou Military Region
In January 1976 the division was renamed as Independent Division of Guangxi Military District(Chinese: 广西军区独立师) following the disbandment of 1st Independent Division of Guangxi Military District. The division was then composed of three infantry regiments (1st to 3rd) and an artillery regiment.


1st Garrison Division of Guangzhou Military Region
In February 1979 the division took part in the Sino-Vietnamese War. During the war the division suffered heavy casualties.


1st Garrison Division of Guangzhou Military Region
In April 1979 the division was renamed as 1st Border Defense Division of Guangxi Military District(Chinese: 广西军区边防第1师). All its regiments were converted to border defense regiments.


1st Garrison Division of Guangzhou Military Region
In 1985 the division was re-organized and renamed as 1st Garrison Division of Guangzhou Military Region(Chinese: 广州军区守备第1师).


1st Garrison Division of Lanzhou Military Region (2nd Formation)
2nd Cavalry Division(Chinese: 骑兵第2师)(3rd formation) was formed in October 1962 from 4th and 5th Cavalry Regiment from 1st Cavalry Division, and 6th and 7th Independent Cavalry Regiment of Lanzhou Military Region.


1st Garrison Division of Lanzhou Military Region (2nd Formation)
The division was under direct control of Lanzhou Military Region. From 1962 to 1969 the division was composed of:


1st Garrison Division of Lanzhou Military Region (2nd Formation)
In October 1969 7th Cavalry Regiment was detached from the division, and 2nd Independent Infantry Regiment of Gansu Provincial Military District attached, and the division was re-organized to an army division, catalogue A and renamed as 20th Army Division(Chinese: 陆军第20师), and its structure was re-organized as follows:


1st Garrison Division of Lanzhou Military Region (2nd Formation)
In January 1983 the division was re-organized and renamed as 1st Garrison Division of Lanzhou Military Region(Chinese: 兰州军区守备第1师)(2nd formation). By then the division was composed of:


1st Garrison Division of Lanzhou Military Region (2nd Formation)
In October 1985 the division was disbanded. Its division HQ were converted to HQ Tank Brigade, 47th Army.


1st Garrison Division of Lanzhou Military Region (3rd Formation)
The 62nd Division (Chinese: 第62师) was created in February 1949 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 5th Division, 2nd Column of the Huadong Field Army. Its history could be traced to the 5th Brigade, 4th Column of Eighth Route Army formed in July 1947.


1st Garrison Division of Lanzhou Military Region (3rd Formation)
The division was a part of 21st Corps. Under the flag of the 62nd Division took part several major battles during the Chinese Civil War.


1st Garrison Division of Lanzhou Military Region (3rd Formation)
In March 1953 the division entered Korea as a part of People's Volunteer Army. During its deployment in Korean it took part in the Battle of Kumsong. In August 1958 the division returned from Korea and renamed as 62nd Infantry Division(Chinese: 步兵第62师).


1st Garrison Division of Lanzhou Military Region (3rd Formation)
In April 1960 the division was renamed as 62nd Army Division(Chinese: 陆军第62师).


1st Garrison Division of Lanzhou Military Region (3rd Formation)
In November the division detached from the Corps and was put under direct control of Lanzhou Military Region, and exchanged its 184th Infantry Regiment with 181st Infantry Regiment from 61st Army Division.


1st Garrison Division of Lanzhou Military Region (3rd Formation)
In February 1967, the division returned to 21st Army Corps' control after 21st's redeployment to Lanzhou Military Region.


1st Garrison Division of Lanzhou Military Region (3rd Formation)
In December 1969, 342nd Artillery Regiment was renamed as Artillery Regiment, 62nd Army Division.


1st Garrison Division of Lanzhou Military Region (3rd Formation)
In late 1975, 181st and 184th Infantry Regiments returned to their parent units.


1st Garrison Division of Lanzhou Military Region (3rd Formation)
In 1985 the division was re-organized and renamed as 1st Garrison Division of Lanzhou Military Region(Chinese: 兰州军区守备第1师)(3rd formation). By then the division was composed of:


1st Garrison Division of Lanzhou Military Region (3rd Formation)
In October 1992 the division was disbanded and reduced as Independent Infantry Regiment of Ningxia Military District(Chinese: 宁夏军区独立步兵团).


1st Garrison Division of Nanjing Military Region
The 98th Division (Chinese: 第98师) was formed in February 1949 from 1st Regiment of 7th Division, 17th Regiment of 11th Division of PLA Bohai column of Huadong Field Army and elements from defected Republic of China Army 112th, 113th and 114th Regiment of 38th Division. Under the command of 33rd Corps (People's Liberation Army) it took part in the Chinese civil war. The division was then composed of:


1st Garrison Division of Nanjing Military Region
After the Shanghai Campaign the division stationed in Baoshan, Shanghai. In November 1950 the division was re-organized and renamed as 15th Public Security Division(Chinese: 公安第15师) while detaching from the Corps. By then the division was composed of:


1st Garrison Division of Nanjing Military Region
In May 1952, the division absorbed the 17th Garrison Division. 49th Public Security Regiment, 17th Public Security Division became the new 43rd Public Security Regiment. From December 1952 to September 1953 the regiment was deployed in the Korean War under the command of 1st Public Security Division.


1st Garrison Division of Nanjing Military Region
In July 1955, Headquarters, 15th Garrison Division, along with its 45th Public Security Regiment and 4th Interior Guards Regiment of Shanghai Security District, was reorganized into Yangtze Estuary Fort District(Chinese: 长江口要塞区). On December 10, 1956, the fort district was inactivated, 15th Garrison Division was then reactivated in Pudong, Shanghai. The division was then a part of Shanghai Security District.


1st Garrison Division of Nanjing Military Region
In late 1969 to early 1970, the division was renamed as 1st Garrison Division of Nanjing Military Region(Chinese: 南京军区守备第1师).


1st Garrison Division of Nanjing Military Region
In 1985 the division was reduced as 1st Garrison Brigade of Nanjing Military Region(Chinese: 南京军区守备第1旅).


1st Garrison Division of Nanjing Military Region
In January 1993 the brigade was renamed as 1st Coastal Defence Brigade(Chinese: 海防第1旅).


1st Garrison Division of Nanjing Military Region
In April 2017 the brigade was renamed as 301st Coastal Defence Brigade(Chinese: 海防第301旅).


1st Gaumee Film Awards
The 1st Gaumee Film Awards ceremony, presented by Ministry of Information and Culture, honored the best Maldivian films released before 1995. The ceremony was held between 15 January to 30 January 1995.


1st Gemini Awards
The 1st Gemini Awards were held in Toronto on 4 December 1986 to honour achievements in Canadian television. Gémeaux Award, the French version of the Gemini Awards were held for the first time this year as well. The 1985 television miniseries Anne of Green Gables was the most prominent winner.


1st Gemini Awards
English-language television coverage of the ceremonies was originally scheduled for broadcast on CBC Television, but labour disruptions at that network forced the telecast to move to a syndicated arrangement of private television stations including Toronto's Citytv. Unused cable channels in Montreal carried the broadcast in that city. The inaugural Gemini Awards were hosted by Second City Television performers Eugene Levy, Andrea Martin and Dave Thomas from the Metro Toronto Convention Centre.


1st General Assembly of Newfoundland
The members of the 1st General Assembly of Newfoundland were elected in the Newfoundland general election held in November 1832, the first general election for the colony. The general assembly sat from January 1, 1833 until 1836.


1st General Assembly of Newfoundland
John Bingley Garland was chosen as speaker. Thomas Bennett replaced Garland as speaker in 1834.


1st General Assembly of Newfoundland
The first session of the general assembly met in a tavern and lodging house in St. John's operated by a Mary Travers; the elected assembly met on the ground floor and the appointed Board of Council met on the upper floor. A different location, the Old Court House, was used for the second and subsequent sessions.


1st General Assembly of Newfoundland
In 1833, the assembly passed a Revenue Bill which would provide much-needed funds to support the operation of the colony. The bill was subsequently rejected by the Legislative Council. The governor and British Government intervened in support of the legislation, which was submitted again and this time approved by the council.


1st General Assembly of Newfoundland
Sir Thomas John Cochrane, although he had been opposed to the concept of representative government in the colony, became its first civil governor and was responsible for the implementation of the new system of government. The governor's support was required on any new legislation and he had the power to prorogue the assembly. Cochrane was removed from office in 1834 and replaced by Sir Henry Prescott.


1st General Assembly of Newfoundland
A Newfoundland general election was held in 1836 but the results were set aside by Chief Justice Henry John Boulton because the writs for the election did not bear the required Great Seal. A new election was called for the following year.


1st General Assembly of Newfoundland, Members of the Assembly
The following members were elected to the assembly in 1832:


1st General Assembly of Nova Scotia
The General Assembly of Nova Scotia was established by a proclamation of the Governor in Council on May 20, 1758. A writ for the election of the 1st General Assembly of Nova Scotia was issued by May 22, returnable at the convening of the assembly on October 2, 1758. The assembly held two sessions, and was dissolved on August 13, 1759.


1st General Assembly of Nova Scotia, House of Assembly, Division of seats
Since counties had not been established by this time, the proclamation called for the election of 4 members from Halifax Township, 2 members from Lunenburg Township, and 16 members from the province at large, for a total of 22 members.


1st General Assembly of Nova Scotia, House of Assembly, Division of seats
Knaut and Kedie (or Kedy) represented Lunenburg Township, but the records do not distinguish the Halifax Township members from the at large members.


1st General Assembly of Nova Scotia, House of Assembly, Members
Note:  Unless otherwise noted, members were elected at the general election, and took their seats at the convening of the assembly. By-elections are special elections held to fill specific vacancies. When a member is noted as having taking their seat on a certain date, but a by-election isn't noted, the member was elected at the general election but arrived late.


1st General Assembly of Prince Edward Island
The 1st General Assembly of the Island of St. John represented the colony of Prince Edward Island, then known as St. John's Island, between July 7, 1773, and 1774.


1st General Assembly of Prince Edward Island
The Assembly sat at the pleasure of the Governor of St. John's Island, Walter Patterson. Robert Stewart was elected Speaker. The only session lasted ten days.


1st Genie Awards
The 1st Genie Awards were presented on March 20, 1980, and honoured films released in 1979. They were given out at a gala event at the Royal Alexandra Theatre in Toronto with Bruno Gerussi as host. Awards for non-feature films were presented at a luncheon the day before the gala.


1st Genie Awards
The 1980 ceremonies were the first time the awards were presented as the Genie Awards instead of the Canadian Film Awards, and the first time they were presented by the newly organized Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television.


1st Genie Awards, Ceremony
The show was broadcast on CBC Television, and noted for its Oscars-like production design, with production numbers including a jazz dance performance by Jeff Hyslop and Karen Kain set to the tune of "Dancing in the Dark", and female impersonator Craig Russell in character as Judy Garland.


1st Genie Awards, Ceremony
The show was not without controversy. Award winner Christopher Plummer used his speech to criticize the distinction made between Canadian and foreign actors, calling on the Academy to treat "Canadian or Samothracian" actors equally. The fact that no French language films won any major awards was also a source of controversy. In addition, despite having duly released three nominations in the category of Editing in a Dramatic Film (Non-Feature), the jury used the moment of presentation to announce that they had deemed none of the three worthy of an award. Producer Sam Levene, in his acceptance speech for another award, called the decision an "arrogant slap in the face" to the nominees.


1st Genie Awards, Ceremony
Several awards were presented in specialized categories which were carried over from the structure of the Canadian Film Awards, but were not retained by the Genies in future years. Many of those categories were transitioned to the shortlived new Bijou Awards for non-feature films in 1981, but that ceremony took place only once and was not continued in subsequent years.


1st Georgia Cavalry Battalion
1st Georgia Cavalry Battalion was a battalion of cavalry that served in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.


1st Georgia Cavalry Battalion
It was first organized with five companies during the late fall of 1861, composed of men who had enlisted for 6 months' service. Reorganized after the term of enlistment had expired, the 1st Battalion served along the Georgia coast until January 1863, then merged into the 5th Georgia Cavalry Regiment. Lieutenant Colonel Charles Spalding was the regimental commander. Karlos Krane created the official regimental flag for the Union.


1st Georgia Cavalry Regiment
The 1st Georgia Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment in the Confederate States Army, during the American Civil War.


1st Georgia Cavalry Regiment
It fought from 1862 to 1865, and mostly served in the Army of Tennessee.


1st Georgia Cavalry Regiment, Service
In late 1861 the 1st Georgia Cavalry assembled at Rome, Georgia, and was mustered into the Confederate States Army on May 28, 1862.


1st Georgia Cavalry Regiment, Service
Sent to Tennessee it served in the Department of East Tennessee, until assigned to the Army of Tennessee.


1st Georgia Cavalry Regiment, Service
For the duration of the civil war it switched between these two for numerous times; the only change being a stint with the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida in early 1865, before returning to the AoT.


1st Georgia Cavalry Regiment, Service
It was surrendered as part of this army at Bennett Place in North Carolina on April 26, 1865; fielding less than 50 men.


1st Georgia Cavalry Regiment, Further reading
This article about a specific military unit of the American Civil War is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1st Georgia General Assembly
The Georgia General Assembly first started in 1751, but wasn't active until 1777, when Georgia became one of the Thirteen Colonies and broke away from Great Britain. The 2nd Georgia General Assembly followed two years later. It took place sometime in January, in Savannah, which was the capital of Georgia at the time. The capital was moved to its present location, Atlanta, in 1868. The Assembly has been held once every two years starting in 1777. The Assembly elected the Georgia House of Representatives and Georgia Senate.


1st Georgia General Assembly, Overview, House of Representatives
The House of Representatives is the larger of the two chambers. Its 180 members represent districts from across the state, and it is presided over by the Speaker of the House, who is elected by the entire membership.


1st Georgia General Assembly, Overview, House of Representatives, Speaker of the House
The Speaker has always been a member of the majority political party and has the power to schedule debates, to vote, and to assign members to committees.


1st Georgia General Assembly, Overview, Senators
The state senate is very similar to the house, but the senate is a smaller body, with fifty-six members who represent districts from around the state.


1st Georgia General Assembly, Overview, Senators, Lieutenant Governor
The chief officer of the senate is the lieutenant governor. Unlike the Speaker, who is elected by the members of the house, the lieutenant governor is elected by all the voters of the state. The first Lieutenant Governor was Melvin E. Thompson, elected in 1947. Before that, the position never existed in Georgia.


1st Georgia General Assembly, Overview, Senators, Lieutenant Governor
Archibald Bulloch, elected on April 15, 1776, was the first official Governor of Georgia. Technically, William Ewen, George Walton, and William Ewen were governor before, but Bulloch was the first after the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence. His term ended on March 4, 1777.


1st Georgia General Assembly, Overview, Senators, Lieutenant Governor
At that time terms were uncertain and the governors picked how long their terms would be. It wasn't until May, 1777 where the people finally decided to make governor terms one year. This was because The people were afraid of too much government control based on past governors' loyalty to Great Britain, and gave the legislature the most power, severely limiting the governor's power and time. Also at this time the governors could only have one term, they could not go for reelection. In 1789 it was changed to two year terms. Eventually the terms became four years and that stuck, because now every Governor and President have four year terms.


1st Georgia General Assembly, Overview, Senators, Lieutenant Governor
Consecutive terms were not allowed for 10 years. In 1789 terms were one year. Not exactly though. Before 1789 term lengths were picked by the governor, mostly they were two, three months long. Terms after 1789 were one year long but weren't classified as "terms". The first actual term was in 1857 when Joseph E. Brown served 3+1⁄2 terms from November 6, 1857, to June 17, 1865. That was the first consecutive term, but consecutive terms were allowed since 1789, it's just no one wanted to do it! From 1941 to 1977 consecutive were not allowed, after 1977 consecutive terms were re-allowed.


1st Georgia Infantry Battalion (Union)
The 1st Battalion of Georgia Infantry (Union)  was an  infantry battalion that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War, despite being organized from a state that had seceded from the Union.


1st Georgia Infantry Battalion (Union), History
In late 1864, the Federal armies under William T. Sherman had captured Atlanta and were marching towards the Atlantic Ocean and the port city of Savannah. At the end of October, efforts were made to recruit loyal men to join the Federal army for duty in the rear lines to free up veterans for front-line combat duty.


1st Georgia Infantry Battalion (Union), History
A number of men from Dawson County enlisted in two companies, and others from Pickens County joined Company B. Some of these enlistees were ex-POWs from Atlanta who had served in the Confederate States Army, but had since sworn allegiance to the Federal government. The battalion was mustered in at Marietta, Georgia on October 31, 1864. It was assigned as an unattached unit to the Department of the Cumberland, and subsequently guarded the Western & Atlantic Railroad near Dalton, Georgia, until March 1865.


1st Georgia Infantry Battalion (Union), History
The battalion was then attached to the 1st Brigade, 2nd Separate Division, District of the Etowah, Department of the Cumberland, and guarded the railroads near the Etowah River until mid-July 1865. The battalion was mustered out in Dawson County on July 19, 1865.


1st Georgia Infantry Regiment
The 1st Georgia Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. Differing from 1st (Ramsey's) Infantry and 1st (Mercer's-Olmstead's) Infantry Regiments; it was also known as the 1st Georgia Regulars.


1st Georgia Infantry Regiment, History
The regiment was organized at Macon, Georgia in April 1861. The companies first named were twelve months' troops, a majority re-enlisting for the war, while others were mustered out when the twelve months expired. The regimental commander, Col. Charles J. Williams, died on February 8, 1862. Now led by Col. William J. Magill, the regiment served in the Army of Northern Virginia in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. When Magill was wounded at Antietam, being part of Gen. G.T. Anderson's brigade, the command developed to Cpt. Richard A. Wayne.


1st Georgia Infantry Regiment, History
The 1st Georgia was transferred to the Department of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida in early 1863. In Gen. George P. Harrison's brigade it participated in the Battle of Olustee. When Magill retired on September 3, 1864, Wayne was named as his successor. The regiment was surrendered along with Joseph E. Johnston's army at Bennett Place in North Carolina on April 26, 1865.


1st Georgia Infantry Regiment, History, Battles
The regiment fought in the Seven Days Battles, the culmination of the Peninsula campaign (June 25-July 1, 1862), Battle of Savage's Station (June 29), Second Battle of Manassas (Bull Run, August 28-29), Battle of Sharpsburg (Antietam, September 17), Battle of Fredericksburg (December 13), Battle of Chickamauga (September 18, 1863), Battle of Chattanooga (November 23-25), Battle of Olustee (February 20, 1864), Battle of Nashville (December 15), Siege of Savannah (December), Carolinas campaign (January – March, 1865), Battle of Bentonville (March 19 -21), and surrendered April 26, 1865, with the Army of Tennessee.


1st Georgia Regiment
The 1st Georgia Regiment, or as it was also known, the 1st Georgia was a regiment of the Continental Army, and formed part of the Georgia Line.


1st Georgia Regiment, History
On 4 November 1775, the Georgia Regiment was authorised in the Continental Army, and organised from 20 January–28 April 1776 at Savannah, Georgia, consisting of eight companies (the 8th being a rifle company). On 27 February 1776 the regiment joined the Southern Department/Army. Redesignated 5 July 1776 as the 1st Georgia Regiment on formation of the 2nd Georgia and 3rd Georgia Regiments. Assigned 23 December 1777 to the Georgia Brigade, an element of the Southern Department.


1st Georgia Regiment, History
In 1777 the regiment was still short of men, mostly in-part due to Georgia being sparsely populated, and the colonel reported that only 10 riflemen of the rifle company had been found, and needed additional soldiers soon. The regiment soon began to lose many of its men to desertion, disease, and combat, but elements of it served on until 1779 and 1780 when the last of the Georgia Line, six officers without men, were captured at Charleston, South Carolina.


1st Georgia Regiment, History
Captured 12 May 1780 at Charleston, South Carolina, by the British Army during the Siege of Charleston. Redesignated 1 January 1781 as the Georgia Regiment once again. Reorganised and redesignated 1 January 1783 as the Georgia Battalion, and consisted of three companies, along with two troops of cavalry. Furloughed in summer 1783 at Charleston, South Carolina, and disbanded 15 November 1783.


1st Georgia Regiment, History
There is very little information on the uniform of the regiment, but the norm seems to have been hunting shirts and gaiter trousers.


1st Georgia Sharpshooter Battalion
The 1st Georgia Sharpshooter Battalion was a sharpshooter unit of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It was authorized by an act in April 1862 by the Confederate Congress, and was formed in Savannah, Georgia. The 1st Battalion Sharpshooters served at Fort McAllister defending the coast of Georgia in the Battle of Fort McAllister (1863). They also saw action at the Battle of Jackson, Mississippi as well as the Battle of Chickamauga, and the Chattanooga Campaign. The battalion fought to the end of the war, their last engagement being at the Battle of Bentonville in March 1865.


1st Georgia Sharpshooter Battalion, History and lineage
On June 1, 1862, Major Robert H. Anderson, who graduated from the US Military Academy at West Point in 1857, was serving as inspector general at the headquarters of the Department of South Carolina and Georgia in Charleston, SC. On that day he wrote a letter to Major General John C. Pemberton, the department commander. In his letter he asked the general to raise a battalion of four companies of sharpshooters; the men to be recruited from the regiments in the brigade of Brigadier General William Duncan Smith which was stationed in Savannah, Georgia. Pemberton gave his approval and Anderson began recruiting in the city. On June 20, Pemberton wrote to Adjutant and Inspector General Samuel Cooper in Richmond, VA nominating Anderson to be in command of the 1st Georgia Sharpshooter Battalion.


1st Georgia Sharpshooter Battalion, Coastal Defense
The battalion was formed by early August, and on the 21st marched from Camp Pemberton to Camp Anderson, named for the battalion's commander, located on Wildhorn Plantation, about 12 miles from Savannah. Assigned to guarding strategic Fort McAllister in 1861, they helped repulse seven US Naval engagements to capture Fort McAllister, which protected Savannah. By lining the riverbank with sharpshooters, the defenders rained projectiles on the Union ironclads, forcing them to withdraw, and winning the praise of Confederate generals and congressmen alike.


1st Georgia Sharpshooter Battalion, Coastal Defense
Anderson was promoted to command the 5th Georgia Cavalry, with Major Arthur Shaaf given formal command of the battalion in April 1863. On 5 May, they were ordered to Mississippi as part of General William H. T. Walker's brigade. The brigade moved to join the army being formed under General Joseph E. Johnston for the Battle of Vicksburg.


1st Georgia Sharpshooter Battalion, Battle of Atlanta
The Sharpshooters stayed with the Army of Tennessee throughout the remainder of the conflict, seeing action in Chattanooga, Dalton, and Kennesaw Mountain. On June 27th Walker's Division, including the Georgian sharpshooters, was posted at the base of the mountain; at a place called 'the dead angle' where some of the fiercest fighting took place. For the next month, they resisted Union advances on Atlanta, and on July 20th they moved north along Peachtree Road, striking a Federal division south of Peachtree Creek. After being repulsed, Walker's division along with Hardee's Corps marched six miles south of the city, taking up position along the left flank of General McPherson's Union troops between Atlanta and Decatur.


1st Georgia Sharpshooter Battalion, Battle of Atlanta
On August 19th, the 1st Battalion Georgia Sharpshooters marched with Hardee from Atlanta to East Point in an attempt to protect Atlanta's last rail connection. On August 30th, they moved toward Jonesborough.


1st Georgia Sharpshooter Battalion, Later service
On August 31, the 1st Sharpshooter Battalion was heavily engaged in what proved to be the final loss of Atlanta and the near destruction of the Army of Tennessee. Of the remaining members of the battalion, fifty percent were either killed, wounded or captured in the Battle of Jonesborough. Hardee's defeat allowed Hood to evacuate Atlanta, clearing Sherman's path to the sea. The battered unit wandered throughout Alabama in the fall, with the end coming in December at Franklin and Nashville. They moved throughout Tennessee and North Carolina, fighting at Bentonville before surrendering to General William T. Sherman on April 25th, 1865 16 days after Appomattox.


1st German Antique Police Car Museum
The 1st German Antique Police Car Museum (German - 1. Deutsche Polizeioldtimer-Museum) is a museum of historic German police vehicles in the Wehrshausen district of the German city of Marburg.


1st German Antique Police Car Museum
It was established on 24 June 2000 as part of the tenth anniversary celebrations by the Polizei-Motorsport-Club Marburg 1990 e. V.., with the Hessian Interior Minister Volker Bouffier as its patron. Collecting historic vehicles was originally a side-aspect of the Club - it made its first acquisition in 1991, a 1950s Opel Rekord P1. The museum building was officially opened on 12 July 2003 and since then it has been open from April to October, usually on Sundays.


1st Gibraltar Brigade
The 1st Gibraltar Brigade was a British Army unit created in 1941 as a fortress brigade on Gibraltar. It remained as such throughout the Second World War. The brigade was a part of The Gibraltar Defence Force, established as a result of no local military force presence on the rock prior to the war. The Gibraltar Defence Force was a small anti aircraft unit that expanded as the war went on. As a part of the Gibraltar Defence Force, it was crucial to the war effort.


1st Gibraltar Brigade
Gibraltar's significance cannot be underplayed as it is known by many as the key to the strait. Even Gibraltar's coat of arms is a shield with a three towered castle with a golden key underneath. This shows the significance of the rock as the key to the strait. The first bombing of Gibraltar in 1940 did little to break morale and actually stiffened resolve among Gibraltarians. Some of which then decided to join the fight, as a part of the Gibraltar Defence Force.


1st Gibraltar Brigade
The rock was the choke point of Mediterranean Maritime activity and was crucial to the war effort for Britain and her allies. The rock had long been one of the most sought after location's for many empires. It was even considered "The Greatest Thoroughfare of Trade and Commerce in the World". The 1st Gibraltar Brigade and The Gibraltar Defence Force would be one of the most significant for the success of Britain and her allies.


1st Gibraltar Brigade, Significance
The strait was one of the most significant points of interest for many years prior to the war and during a wartime effort, it is obvious that this fact would not change. Of course then, the unit or units stationed to defend this key point of interest would be extremely crucial to the success of the war effort for those that controlled it. This was exactly the case for Britain and her allies.


1st Gibraltar Brigade, Significance
The Gibraltar Defence Force was created, on 13 March 1941, to defend the rock and maintain British presence at one of the most crucial points of the Mediterranean Sea. The mouth of the Mediterranean was a choke point for all maritime activity in the sea and Gibraltar acted as the key to that point. Gibraltar was also the key to the strait as well and was the way into Spain from the Mediterranean. As part of the Gibraltar Defence Force, the 1st Gibraltar Brigade's significance is equal to that of the rock itself. Those that fought bravely to ensure Gibraltar remained under Allied control were massive players in the scope of the war whether they knew it themselves or not.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers
The 1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers was formed in 1859 in response to a French invasion threat. Formed as a coast artillery unit, it later became part of the Royal Field Artillery in the Territorial Force and served during both World Wars until amalgamated in 1961.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Volunteer Force
The enthusiasm for the Volunteer movement following an invasion scare in 1859 saw the creation of many Volunteer Corps composed of part-time soldiers eager to supplement the Regular British Army in time of need. A number of Artillery Volunteer Corps (AVCs) were formed for coastal defence in South Wales, and by 8 November 1861 they had been consolidated into the 1st Administrative Brigade of Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers based at Cardiff with the following components:


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Volunteer Force
Also attached to the Admin Brigade were the 1st Glamorgan Light Horse Volunteers (formed at Cardiff 15 February 1861, disbanded 1873) and the 1st Monmouthshire AVC at Newport (attached from 1864 to 1866).


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Volunteer Force
In May 1880 the Corps were consolidated as the 1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteer Corps with 17 batteries provided by the following Corps:


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Volunteer Force
In 1890 the unit's headquarters was moved to Swansea from Cardiff and the Cardiff batteries were detached to form a new 2nd Glamorganshire AVC as a separate unit. The commanding officer (CO), Sir Edward Hill, Member of Parliament for Bristol South, first appointed on 22 July 1864, remained Lieutenant-Colonel Commandant of both units, though each had its own lieutenant-colonel and Honorary Colonel.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Volunteer Force
The Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers formed part of the Welsh Division of the Royal Artillery (RA) from 1882 until 1889 when they were absorbed into the Western Division. By 1893 the War Office Mobilisation Scheme had allocated the 1st Glamorgan Artillery Volunteers to the defences at Milford Haven. In 1899 the artillery volunteers became part of the Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA). On 1 January 1902 the RGA's divisional structure was abolished, and the unit at Swansea was designated the 1st Glamorganshire RGA (Volunteers).


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Territorial Force
When the Volunteer Force was subsumed into the new Territorial Force (TF) under the Haldane Reforms of 1908, the 1st Glamorganshire RGA (V) transferred to the Royal Field Artillery with the following organisation:


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Territorial Force
The unit was the senior field artillery brigade in the TF's Welsh Division, and was equipped with 5-inch breechloading howitzers.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, First World War, Mobilisation
After the order to mobilise was received on 4 August 1914, the units of the Welsh Division assembled at their drill halls. The 1st Welsh Brigade mobilised at Swansea under the command of a regular officer, Major (Temporary Lt-Col, TF) J. Henry.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, First World War, Mobilisation
By 11 August the Welsh units had completed their concentration and TF members were invited to volunteer for Overseas Service. Four days later the War Office (WO) issued instructions to separate those men who had signed up for Home Service only, and form these into reserve units. Then on 31 August the formation of a reserve or 2nd Line unit was authorised for each 1st Line unit where 60 per cent or more of the men had volunteered for Overseas Service. The titles of these 2nd Line units would be the same as the original, but distinguished by a '2/' prefix. In this way duplicate batteries, brigades and divisions were created, mirroring those TF formations being sent overseas.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, First World War, 1/I Welsh Brigade, RFA
At the end of August the Welsh Division concentrated at Northampton to continue its training. On 18 November the division was warned for garrison duty in India, but this was cancelled and in December it moved to Cambridge, then to Bedford in May 1915. In July the infantry of the division (now renamed the 53rd (Welsh) Division) embarked for service at Gallipoli, but the divisional artillery remained at Bedford. In October the batteries were re-armed with modern 4.5-inch howitzers and on 8 November they handed over their obsolescent 5-inch howitzers to their 2nd Line unit, which had just arrived at Bedford.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, First World War, 1/I Welsh Brigade, RFA
53rd (Welsh) Divisional Artillery was now ordered to France to join the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) on the Western Front. It embarked on 20 November and had concentrated at Pont-Remy by 25 November, from where parties were sent to various divisional artilleries for instruction in front line duties.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, First World War, 1/I Welsh Brigade, RFA
Meanwhile, after suffering appalling casualties at Gallipoli, 53rd (Welsh) Division had been withdrawn to Egypt to refit. On 30 January 1916 the divisional artillery was ordered to rejoin the rest of the division. The batteries entrained at Pont-Remy, embarked at Marseilles on 3 February and disembarked at Alexandria on 11 February. By 22 February the artillery had rejoined the division at Beni Salama. For the rest of the year the recuperating division was stationed in the Suez Canal defences.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, First World War, 1/I Welsh Brigade, RFA
In May 1916 the TF field brigades were numbered, the 1st Welsh being designated CCLXV (265) Brigade, RFA, and the batteries became A and B. Then on 25 December 1916 the divisional artillery was reorganised: A (1/1st Glamorgan) (H) Bty became C (H) Bty in CCLXVII (1/Cheshire) Bde, which took over the number CCLXV, while B (1/2nd Glamorgan) (H) Bty became C (H) Bty in CCLXVI (1/II Welsh) Bde; the Brigade Ammunition Column was absorbed into the Divisional Ammunition Column.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, First World War, 1/I Welsh Brigade, RFA
Both batteries fought with their new brigades throughout the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of 1917–18, including the Battles of Gaza, the Fall of Jerusalem, and the final victory at Megiddo.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, First World War, 2/I Welsh Brigade, RFA
Although formation of the 2nd Line units began in September 1914, the 2nd Welsh Division (68th (2nd Welsh) Division from August 1915) did not concentrate at Northampton until April 1915, moving in the summer to replace the 53rd (Welsh) Division at Bedford. Training of the units was made difficult by the lack of arms and equipment, and the requirement to provide drafts to the 1st Line overseas. In June the first saddlery and horses began to arrive, but no guns until August, when the brigade received four French De Bange 90 mm guns. Some ammunition wagons arrived in September, and eight more 90 mm guns in October. Training began to speed up. In November the 90 mm guns were handed in, and the brigade moved to Bedford to take over the 5-inch howitzers from the 1st Line.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, First World War, 2/I Welsh Brigade, RFA
68th (2nd Welsh) Division was now assigned a role in Home Defence and joined First Army (Home Forces) in Central Force, with its units quartered across Eastern England. In May 1916 the brigade was numbered CCCXL (340) Brigade and the batteries became A and B. However, like the 1st Line brigade, it was broken up before the end of 1916 to provide howitzer batteries to the field gun brigades: A (2/1 Glamorgan) (H) Bty went to CCCXLII (2/Cheshire) and B (2/2 Glamorgan) (H) Bty went to CCCXLIII (2/IV Welsh). They continued to serve with these brigades in Home Defence in Norfolk and Suffolk until the end of the war.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Interwar
The 1st Welsh Brigade, RFA, was reformed in the 53rd (W) Division in 1920 with 1st 2nd and 3rd Glamorgan Batteries (the 3rd being transferred from the 2nd Welsh Brigade). It was redesignated the 81st (Welsh) Brigade, RFA, when the TF was reorganised as the Territorial Army (TA) in 1921 (becoming a Field Brigade, RA, in 1924 when the RFA was subsumed into the Royal Artillery). At the same time it absorbed the Glamorgan Yeomanry giving the following organisation:


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, Mobilisation
The TA was doubled in size following the Munich Crisis of 1938, with existing units splitting to form duplicates before the outbreak of the Second World War. 81st Field Regiment reorganised as follows:


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, Mobilisation
81st Field Rgt remained part of 53rd (Welsh) Division, while 132nd was assigned to the duplicate 38th (Welsh) Infantry Division, which became active on 18 September 1939.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 81st (Welsh) Field Regiment, Home defence
Parts of 53rd (Welsh) Division were sent to Northern Ireland from October 1939, and the whole division was stationed there from 3 April 1940 to 30 April 1941 as part of VI Corps. The establishment of a field regiment from 1941 onwards was three batteries, each of two four-gun troops of 25-pounders with Quad gun tractors, and 459 Bty was formed in 81st Fd Rgt.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 81st (Welsh) Field Regiment, Home defence
On returning to mainland Britain, the division served under III Corps and Western Command. On 8 April 1942 it was assigned to XII Corps District, then from 15 May 1943 in XII Corps it became part of 21st Army Group training for the Allied invasion of Normandy (Operation Overlord).


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 81st (Welsh) Field Regiment, Normandy
53rd (Welsh) Division was among the follow-up troops landing after D-Day (6 June). Its units were at sea from 21 June and completed landing on 27 June. On 1 July it relieved 15th (Scottish) Division on the River Odon after the Battle of 'Scottish Corridor'. 53rd Division was then involved in the Second Battle of the Odon from 15 July, capturing Cahier and holding on to it by hard fighting.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 81st (Welsh) Field Regiment, Normandy
When the breakout from the Normandy beachhead began in early August, 53rd Division cleared the banks of the River Orne and then fought its way towards Falaise to help in closing the Falaise Pocket. By late August its units were across the Seine and driving over open country towards the River Somme. On 4 September the division cleared St Pol and was working its way through the canal area west of Lille.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 81st (Welsh) Field Regiment, Netherlands
There was a pause at the Meuse-Escaut Canal before Operation Market Garden was launched on 17 September. XII Corps had an important subsidiary role clearing the country west of XXX Corps' main thrust. 81st Field Rgt crossed the canal on 19 September and went into action supporting the advance of 71 Brigade. There was  particularly at Wintelre, west of Eindhoven, which the Germans held for two days, with the regiment firing several barrages and taking some casualties from return fire.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 81st (Welsh) Field Regiment, Netherlands
The divisional artillery's flank was open, and had to be protected by a company from the divisional reconnaissance regiment; around 50 Germans were taken prisoner within the regiment's gun lines. Afterwards the guns fired frequent Harassing Fire (HF) tasks as the enemy slowly withdrew in front of 53rd Division. On 7 October, the regiment moved into the Nijmegen bridgehead captured during Market Garden. While at Nijmegen one Forward Observation Officer (FOO) was killed, and the regiment's CO, Lt-Col Tyler, was wounded and evacuated.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 81st (Welsh) Field Regiment, Netherlands
After the failure of Market Garden, XII Corps was ordered to advance westwards towards s'Hertogenbosch. 81st Field Rgt left Nijmegen on 18 October and took up its new gun positions by midnight on 20 October. The regiment had to provide its own patrols because there were no infantry between the guns and the enemy – the attacking infantry only moved up at the last moment. Lieutenant-Col R.V. Hills took over as CO on 20 October, and the next day Major R.J.H. Lloyd, who had been in temporary command, was wounded.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 81st (Welsh) Field Regiment, Netherlands
The attack on s'Hertogenbosch (Operation Alan) began at 06.30 on 22 October, the infantry of 71 Bde advancing behind a timed programme fired by the guns. The regiment also fired at preselected targets on call, and fired coloured smoke to indicate targets for the Royal Air Force (RAF). The infantry made slow progress, but by the end of 23 October 71 Bde was nearing its objectives.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 81st (Welsh) Field Regiment, Netherlands
Next day 81st Field Rgt fired in support of a fresh attack by 158 Brigade, which went well as the division fought its way into the outskirts of the town; it took two more days of house-to-house fighting to clear the old town, while the artillery fired HF tasks on the Germans' escape routes.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 81st (Welsh) Field Regiment, Netherlands
Next XII Corps was switched to clearing the country between the Wessem and Zig Canals as 21st Army Group closed up to the River Maas. 81st Field Rgt moved to Wessem with 71 Bde on 1 November to relieve the Independent Belgian Brigade on the canal line. On 9 November the FOO with 1st Battalion Highland Light Infantry and his signaller were captured by an enemy patrol as they went to their Observation Post (OP) before first light.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 81st (Welsh) Field Regiment, Netherlands
When the regiment moved to south of Weert, there was no infantry protection in front, and enemy patrols set off tripwire flares close by. On 14 November the division crossed the canal (Operation Mallard) with support from the guns, and on 16 November the regiment struggled across the temporary bridges with 71 Bde, ending the day in front of the defended locality of Roermond. 71 Brigade attempted an assault crossing of the River Maas towards Roermond on the night of 21/22 November. Bridging operations were held up until the divisional artillery was able to suppress the German guns. 4th Battalion Royal Welsh Fusiliers, supported only by 81st Fd Rgt, made several abortive attempts to cross the anti-tank ditch, but 1st Battalion Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry succeeded, aided by a smokescreen fired by 81st Fd Rgt.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 81st (Welsh) Field Regiment, Operation Veritable
Further operations were halted by winter weather. 71 Brigade Group including 81st Fd Rgt went for rest in Bocholt, Belgium. In December the regiment was required to transfer 25 of its men to the infantry to make up for losses in the campaign so far. On 20 January 1945 the division moved to the Eindhoven area to refit and train for a special operation. On the night of 4/5 February the regiment moved its guns into concealed positions near Groesbeek, while the rest of the men were confined to barracks in Nijmegen and the divisional signs on vehicles were painted over.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 81st (Welsh) Field Regiment, Operation Veritable
The Battle of the Reichswald (Operation Veritable) opened at 05.00 on 8 February with the heaviest concentration of artillery employed by the British Army so far in the war. The bombardment hit enemy gun positions, HQs, and communications. After a pause and dummy attack at 07.40 to induce the Germans to man their guns, the Counter-battery fire was resumed and a barrage was laid down to protect the assaulting columns. At 10.30 the full barrage made its first lift and the advance began. 81st Field Rgt fired in support of 71 Bde as usual.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 81st (Welsh) Field Regiment, Operation Veritable
53rd Division's objectives were the Brandenburg and Stoppelberg features in the northern part of the Reichswald. Opposition was not strong but the terrain was difficult. By 02.00 on 9 February the leading units were through the Siegfried Line defences and closing on the Stoppelberg. That feature was taken during the morning and the division pushed on to the edge of the forest, but it was hard to get guns and vehicles along the muddy forest tracks.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 81st (Welsh) Field Regiment, Operation Veritable
81st Field Rgt reported that the second-in-command's OP tank had to be used to tow out bogged guns and tractors ('its only use; in all other respects it was an infernal nuisance'). It took several days for the division to push on through Pfalzdorf towards Goch, mopping up opposition and fending off counter-attacks. Goch fell on 21 February.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 81st (Welsh) Field Regiment, Operation Veritable
53rd Division was not involved in the assault crossing of the Rhine  (Operation Plunder) on 23/24 March, but crossed on 26 March and the next day attacked through Hamminkeln to Dingden. It then took part in the drive to the Elbe. The German surrender at Lüneburg Heath, ending the fighting on 21st Army Group's front, came on 4 May.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 81st (Welsh) Field Regiment, Operation Veritable
81st (Welsh) Field Regiment was placed in suspended animation in 1946.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 132nd (Welsh) Field Regiment, Home defence
38th (Welsh) Division underwent training through the winter of 1939–40 in South-East Wales as part of Western Command. Training was hindered by the lack of equipment. After the British Expeditionary Force was evacuated from Dunkirk, the divisions at home under training only had about six First World War-era guns apiece. On 15 July the division joined III Corps, part of the Mobile Force stationed in Wales and NW England.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 132nd (Welsh) Field Regiment, Home defence
From April 1941 the division was in Southern England as IV Corps' Reserve, stationed behind 47th (London) and 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division along the Sussex Coast. 38th Division's Commander, Royal Artillery (CRA), Brigadier H.J. Parham, developed techniques for concentrating large numbers of guns onto a single target in a very short time, and demonstrated them on the artillery ranges at Larkhill on Salisbury Plain. When the three-battery establishment was introduced in 1941, 132nd Fd Rgt formed 496 Fd Bty.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 132nd (Welsh) Field Regiment, Home defence
132nd Field Rgt left 38th Division on 15 July 1942, when it joined 78th Division. This was a new formation being assembled from disparate units for First Army in preparation for the Allied invasion of North Africa (Operation Torch).


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 132nd (Welsh) Field Regiment, Operation Torch
11 Infantry Brigade Group from 78th Division, including 132nd Fd Rgt, landed in the first wave of Operation Torch. Forward Observation Officers from the artillery accompanied the two assault battalions as they landed on 'Apples Green' and 'Apples White' beaches near Algiers. After landing and consolidating the beachhead, they were to capture Blida Airfield and secure the roads around Birtouta. The landings began exactly on time at 01.00 on 8 November 1942, met no opposition from the Vichy French, and the whole brigade group was ashore before 12.00. It was in position around Birtouta by nightfall.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 132nd (Welsh) Field Regiment, Operation Torch
11 Brigade Group began the march towards Tunis (500 miles (800 km) distant) on 15 November as the first support troops began unloading at Algiers docks and the air forces began operating the airfields. The group's attack on Medjez el Bab on 25 November failed, but other forces bypassed it and the brigade occupied it the next day and pushed on for Tebourba, only about 20 miles (32 km) from Tunis. Early on 27 November, 1st Battalion East Surrey Regiment was widely extended in front of Tebourba when it was attacked by the hastily-formed German Kampfgruppe Lüder. The Surreys suffered heavy casualties and 322 Bty supporting them lost all eight of its guns. The division was involved in bitter defence for the Tebourba Gap against German attacks on 1–3 December, and another bitter battle round Longstop Hill on 22–24 December.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 132nd (Welsh) Field Regiment, Operation Torch
The renewed Allied offensive in Tunisia began on 8 April 1943 with operations to open the Oued Zarga–Medjez road. For 78th Divisions' attack on Chaouach and Toukabeur the divisional artillery was joined by all the heavy artillery and the foothills were captured without much difficulty; both villages had been taken and an advance of 10 miles (16 km) made by the end of the following day. On 14 April the division attacked the hills overlooking Longstop Hill, in four days of hard fighting, but could not hold the final hill, Tanngoucha.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 132nd (Welsh) Field Regiment, Operation Torch
On 23 April it attacked Longstop and Tanngoucha again (the Second Battle of Longstop Hill), despite an army-wide shortage of 25-pounder ammunition. This time the positions were taken and held after several days of fighting. 78th Division was then positioned for a direct drive on Tunis (Operation Vulcan). This was launched by IX Corps, supported by all the guns of V Corps including 78th Division. The operation was launched on the evening of 5 May and extended the following day. The weight of artillery fire was immense, with all the guns averaging 368 rounds per gun in the first 24 hours, and the infantry made steady progress. Tunis fell on 7 May and all remaining Axis forces in Tunisia surrendered by 13 May.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 132nd (Welsh) Field Regiment, Sicily
78th Division had been selected for the Allied invasion of Sicily (Operation Husky) as early as January 1943, and after the end of the Tunisian campaign went into training at Hammamet. It was assigned to Eighth Army as a reserve formation for the operation, which began with assault landings on 10 July. 78th Division embarked on 23 July and landed on the beaches near Cassibile between 25 and 28 July. It began moving into its concentration area south of Monte Scalpello on 26 July and completed its concentration on 30 July, just in time to participate in the Battle of Centuripe.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 132nd (Welsh) Field Regiment, Sicily
Large amounts of 25-pounder ammunition had been gathered for this operation. 78th Division's task was first to relieve 3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade across the Dittaino river at Catenanuova and expand the bridgehead, then to capture the hill town of Centuripe. The division began the movement promptly, and began the attack on Centuripe a day early.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 132nd (Welsh) Field Regiment, Sicily
The divisional artillery deployed wherever it could find positions along the road; as the Official Historian commented: 'In Sicily there grew up the art, further developed in Italy of placing field and medium guns in positions which would have been seen in earlier days, as freakish'. The initial advance across 'immensely difficult terrain' was accomplished, but then there was bitter fighting for the town itself. On the afternoon of 2 August the division's reserve, 38 (Irish) Bde was sent in, supported by 132nd Fd Rgt and the rest of the divisional and corps artillery. The town was cleared by first light the next day.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 132nd (Welsh) Field Regiment, Sicily
78th Division was then sent round the west side of Mount Etna. 38 (Irish) Brigade crossed the Salso on 4 August and the Simeto on 5 August, with strong artillery support. German resistance then stiffened, and 78th Division had to put in a full-scale attack at Bronte and Maletto before capturing the key point of Randazzo on 13 August. By now the Germans were  evacuating Sicily, and the division was ordered to stand fast.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 132nd (Welsh) Field Regiment, Italy
The Allies landed on mainland Italy in early September 1943. 78th Division began to arrive on 22 September, and immediately began advancing towards Foggia and its important complex of airfields. Next, it was sent to cross the Biferno and capture Termoli, with two brigades sent round the coast by landing craft and one wading across the river on 3 October. Unfortunately, heavy rain the next day made the river impassable, just when a counter-attack by Panzers was developing. The situation was dangerous on 5 October until Royal Engineers completed a bridge for tanks and guns to get across in support, after which the advance was resumed.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 132nd (Welsh) Field Regiment, Italy
At the end of October 78th Division was ordered to capture Vasto and the high ground beyond, but rain and mud bedevilled preparations. The division seized Vineyard Hill on 3 November and the enemy began to withdraw that night. By 9 November the division had reached the Sangro, which formed part of the Germans' Bernhardt Line. Patrols could cross the river, but a fullscale operation was needed to establish a bridgehead. Despite the weather the Royal Engineers repaired roads and built bridges.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 132nd (Welsh) Field Regiment, Italy
When the weather abated the 6th Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers of 38 Bde broke out of the bridgehead and captured Santa Maria on 29 November, supported by all the divisional artillery and a number of other regiments. Next day the brigade swept down the Li Colli ridge to Fossacesia, and took Rocca on 1 December. In the first three days of the Battle of the Sangro, the field regiments fired over 600 rounds per gun. Afterwards the division was sent to rest.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 132nd (Welsh) Field Regiment, Italy
Progress in the Italian campaign bogged down during the winter of 1943–4. The Allies' spring campaign in 1944 began with a renewed attempt to take Monte Cassino, and 78th Division had been moved across Italy to be in XIII Corps' reserve for this. All the field guns in the corps were involved in the preliminary bombardment and then the Creeping barrage laid on for the attacking divisions on 11/12 May. 78th Division was committed to the battle on 15 May in the Liri Valley.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 132nd (Welsh) Field Regiment, Italy
At first light on 19 May, 36 Bde was launched at Aquino, supported by all three regiments of field artillery and masked by mist. But when the mist cleared it became obvious that the German positions (part of the Hitler Line) were very strong and the attack had to be called off. However, the weight of artillery overwhelmed the German guns and by 25 May the leading troops of  the division reached Roccasecca railway station. The Germans began to withdraw that night, and XIII Corps began a slow pursuit along Highway 6 against rearguards. 78th Division reached Alatri on 2 June and then went into reserve.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 132nd (Welsh) Field Regiment, Italy
78th Division returned to the line for the Battle of Lake Trasimene, working its way up the west bank of the Tiber against strong opposition, 10-24 June, securing Pescia and its river but suffering heavy casualties. The exhausted division was then sent to the Middle East for rest and refit, embarking for Egypt on 23 July. Casualties in Eighth Army meant that the division had to return to the Italian front in the autumn, landing on 15 September. The division began assembling around Fano and then moved into the Santerno Valley, on appalling roads that even defeated the 'Quad'.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 132nd (Welsh) Field Regiment, Italy
The division held Monte Cappello and Monte Battaglia, but advancing was difficult, and the capture of Monte La Pieve and Monte Spadura took from 13 to 24 October at heavy cost. Fighting on the Italian Front largely shut down for winter, but not before more abortive attacks by 78th Division in December.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 132nd (Welsh) Field Regiment, Italy
78th Division returned to V Corps for the Allied Spring 1945 offensive in Italy (Operation Grapeshot). Once the Senio was crossed, 78th Division was to push through towards the Bastia Bridge on the Reno and on to Argenta. The operation was launched on 9 April behind massed artillery and went according to plan, with 78th Division clearing Cotignola and then moving into the lead. On 13 April 38 Brigade provided the break-out force of battalion groups with field artillery regiments in support.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Second World War, 132nd (Welsh) Field Regiment, Italy
Once the Reno had been bridged, 38 Bde fought its way through and broke out once more, heading for the critical 'Argenta Gap'. By now 25-pounder ammunition  was running short, but on 18 April 38 Bde cut in behind Argenta and 78th Division was leap-frogging its brigades up the Via Adriatica. Then it headed for the River Po, arriving on 22 April. After more stiff fighting, the division  crossed in pursuit of the disintegrating German forces. Fighting on the Italian Front ended on 2 May after the Surrender of Caserta, and 78th Division entered Austria as part of the occupation force on 8 May 1945, advancing towards Villach and Klagenfurt.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Postwar
When the TA was reconstituted in 1947 the regiment reformed at Port Talbot as 281st (Welsh) Field Regiment in 53rd (Welsh) Division.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Postwar
281st (Welsh) Rgt still had a Glamorgan Yeomanry battery, and on 30 September 1953 the regiment was redesignated 281st (Glamorgan Yeomanry) Field Regiment, effectively ending the Glamorgan Artillery Volunteers lineage. On 31 October 1956 the regiment absorbed the Glamorgan batteries of 408 (Glamorgan and Pembroke) Coast Rgt and 887 Locating Battery, which had been formed in Cardiff in 1947.


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Postwar
This was followed on 1 May 1961 by amalgamation with 282nd (Welsh) Heavy Anti- Aircraft Rgt and 283rd (Monmouthshire) Field Rgt to form:


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Postwar
Finally, when the TA was reduced into the TAVR in 1967, the combined regiment became 211 (South Wales) Battery, Royal Artillery at Newport in 104 Light Air Defence Regiment, with the following organisation:


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Postwar
In 1986, 211 Bty provided a cadre for a new 217 (County of Gwent) Bty at Cwmbran, but this was reabsorbed by 211 Bty in 1992, when the battery was reduced to:


1st Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, Postwar
211 (South Wales) Bty continues in 104th Regiment Royal Artillery (Volunteers) in the Army Reserve today, currently as a close support unit equipped with the L118 light gun.