1st Missouri State Militia Infantry Battalion
The 1st Missouri State Militia Infantry Battalion was a militia infantry battalion from Missouri that served in the Union Army between March 26 and November 11, 1862, during the American Civil War. It later formed Companies A–F of the 1st Missouri State Militia Cavalry Regiment


1st Missouri State Militia Infantry Battalion, Service
The battalion was recruited at St. Charles, Missouri on March 26, 1862. Once officially recognized by the United States Military, it was attached to the District of Central Missouri, Department of Missouri. On September 4, the battalion sent scouts to Callaway County and Prairie Station. The battalion saw duty at St. Charles, Missouri, while operating against guerrillas in that area until the first few days of November 1862. During its service the battalion incurred one enlisted soldier fatality (killed), and twelve men died of disease.


1st Missouri US Reserve Corps Infantry Regiment
The 1st Missouri US Reserve Corps Infantry Regiment was a volunteer unit of the Union Army during the American Civil War. It evolved from one of several unofficial pro-Unionist militia units formed semi-secretly in St. Louis in the early months of 1861 by Congressman Francis Preston Blair, Jr. and other Unionist activists. The organization that would become the First U.S.R.C was largely composed of ethnic Germans, who were generally opposed to slavery and strongly supportive of the Unionist cause. Although initially without any official standing, beginning on April 22, 1861, the Unionist regiments Blair helped organize were sworn into Federal service at the St. Louis Arsenal by then-Captain John Schofield acting on the authority of President Lincoln.


1st Missouri US Reserve Corps Infantry Regiment
The first four regiments were considered to be the regiments of Missouri Volunteers called for under President Lincoln's April 15, 1861, call for 75,000 volunteers.


1st Missouri US Reserve Corps Infantry Regiment
So many St. Louis Unionists mustered to volunteer, that after consultation with General-in-Chief Winfield Scott, and Secretary of War Simon Cameron, President Lincoln directed Captain Nathaniel Lyon to "enroll in the military service of the United States the loyal citizens of Saint Louis and vicinity, not exceeding with those heretofore enlisted, ten thousand in number, for the purpose of maintaining the authority of the United States; [and] for the protection of the peaceable inhabitants of Missouri."


1st Missouri US Reserve Corps Infantry Regiment
These additional regiments, in excess of the original Presidential call were designated "United States Reserve Corps" units, and were intended for local service.


1st Missouri US Reserve Corps Infantry Regiment
The 1st Missouri US Reserve Corps Infantry Regiment was mustered into service on May 7, 1861, under Colonel Henry Almstead. Composed of men from St. Louis' First Ward, the regiment was unusually large, with 1,200 men in 12 companies. The new Missouri Volunteer regiments, subsequently elected (then) Captain Nathaniel Lyon as the brigadier general of the new brigade of Missouri volunteers. President Lincoln would later confirm Lyon's promotion from captain to brigadier general.


1st Missouri US Reserve Corps Infantry Regiment, Military Service
On May 10, 1861, the 1st Missouri US Reserve Corps Infantry Regiment under Colonel Almstead participated in the arrest of the Missouri Volunteer Militia drilling at Camp Jackson at Lindell Grove on the western border of St. Louis City. As the Missouri militiamen were being march under guard back to the Arsenal near the riverfront, angry crowds confronted the Federal forces and the confused situation soon devolved into rioting and gunfire. Over 27 people were killed and the Camp Jackson Affair helped to polarize the state and send Missouri down the road to its own internal civil war.


1st Missouri US Reserve Corps Infantry Regiment, Military Service
On May 18, the regiment received an organic cavalry company, also raised from the First Ward "which did valuable scouting service".


1st Missouri US Reserve Corps Infantry Regiment, Military Service
The 1st Missouri US Reserve Corps Infantry carried out Provost duties in St. Louis, until June 20, when the regiment conducted an expedition to Jefferson City (June 20–24).


1st Missouri US Reserve Corps Infantry Regiment, Military Service
On July 29–30, Cos "B", "C", "D", "E", "G", "H", "K", "M" and Cavalry Co "A" marched to reinforce the strategic outpost at Bird's Point, Missouri, directly across from the Federal stronghold at Cairo, Illinois. This detachment remained on duty there until August 13, when it returned to St. Louis.


1st Missouri US Reserve Corps Infantry Regiment, Military Service
Meanwhile, a separate detachment composed of Cos "A", "F", and "L" had departed St. Louis, marching to Rolla, Missouri, and then to Cuba, Missouri, arriving there on August 10. The three company detachment remained there until August 13.


1st Missouri US Reserve Corps Infantry Regiment, Military Service
The regiment's term of service expired on August 20 and the men were mustered out. Members of the regiment who wished to continue serving were reorganized as the 1st United States Reserve Corps Infantry (Three Years Service), under Colonel Robert J. Rombaur, who had been the regiment's original lieutenant colonel.


1st Missouri US Reserve Corps Infantry Regiment, Casualties
Regiment lost during service 1 Officer and 3 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 4 Officers and 25 Enlisted men by disease. Total 33.


1st Mixed Brigade
The First Mixed Brigade (Spanish: 1.ª Brigada Mixta), also known as Brigada Lister, was a mixed brigade of the Spanish Republican Army in the Spanish Civil War. It was disbanded on 9 February 1939.


1st Mixed Brigade, History
The First Mixed Brigade was established from the Fifth Regiment on 10 October 1936 in Alcalá de Henares as a result of the reorganization of the Spanish Republican Armed forces. It was put under the command of Communist commander Enrique Lister. The first combat action of the First Mixed Brigade was the Battle of Seseña. It would suffer many losses in the Battle of Brunete, including its Cuban brigade commander Alberto Sánchez, as well as a great number of officers and Chief of Staff Major Emilio Conejo. Later the First Mixed Brigade would see action in the Aragon Offensive, the Battle of the Ebro and the Catalonia Offensive.


1st Mixed Brigade, History, Central Front
During the Siege of Madrid it was posted in Vallecas, where, with great losses, it helped repulse the attacks of the Army of Africa against the capital. Following this combat it was transferred to the left bank of the Manzanares River. At that time its size grew to eight battalions, being then split when the 1.ª Brigada Bis was established. The 1.ª Brigada Bis would later be renamed as the 9th Mixed Brigade.


1st Mixed Brigade, History, Central Front
On 19 February the First Mixed Brigade was sent to attack the Cerro de los Ángeles where the rebels had established its positions and were firing upon the surrounding area, but although it managed to gain some terrain the attack failed.


1st Mixed Brigade, History, Central Front
On 3 February it attacked the rebel positions in Villaverde Bajo, but it went back to the capital in order to take part in the Battle of Jarama. On 8 February it was near Vaciamadrid where on 19 February it began an assault at El Pingarrón hill; there it occupied the enemy trenches on four occasions, being finally repulsed in all attacks. During the Jarama combats many officers —including all battalion commanders— as well as a great number of soldiers were killed and the unit had to be reconstituted in the rearguard.


1st Mixed Brigade, History, Central Front
In March 1937 the brigade took part with success in the Battle of Guadalajara and in April it was sent again to attack the Cerro de los Ángeles, ending again in failure. In May it took part in a small offensive operation south of Toledo.


1st Mixed Brigade, History, Central Front
On 5 July the First Mixed Brigade infiltrated the rebel lines near Brunete. Two days later it occupied Villanueva de la Cañada and continued the advance. But towards the end of the month it had to retreat, along with the remainders of the 11th Division.


1st Mixed Brigade, History, Aragon Front
After a short period of rest the brigade was transferred to Aragón together with the remainder of the V Army Corps. On 24 August it took part in the Zaragoza Offensive attacking the Fuentes de Ebro sector in successive assaults without being able to make significant progress. The "José Díaz Battalion" commander and his commissar died during these combats.


1st Mixed Brigade, History, Aragon Front
In December the First Mixed Brigade was sent to the Battle of Teruel where it repeated the same maneuver as in Brunete, infiltrating enemy lines following the 9th and 100th mixed brigades with the mission to take Concud and cut the Francoist rearguard. But the brigade lost its way and instead of circling the village, it ended up attacking it frontally, being immediately repulsed and suffering heavy casualties. Even so, by the afternoon it was able to occupy the place. After conquering Teruel, the First Mixed Brigade was sent to a rearguard position together with the remainder of the 11th Division in order to recover following the heavy losses that had been inflicted on these units.


1st Mixed Brigade, History, Aragon Front
In the spring of 1938 the First Mixed Brigade took part in the Aragón Campaign, but with limited success. Even though it tried to stop the enemy advance in the sector between Calanda and the  Valdealgorfa road junction, the collapse of the whole front forced it to retreat.


1st Mixed Brigade, History, Last actions in Catalonia
By April, although the 1st Mixed Brigade was stuck in Catalonia together with other republican forces, it had managed not to become cut off from its division after the hasty retreat. In May it was sent as strategic reserve for the failed Balaguer Offensive, seeing no combat action. By then the command of the brigade had been reorganized and the unit had been re-equipped.


1st Mixed Brigade, History, Last actions in Catalonia
On 25 July the unit crossed the Ebro, taking part in the battle that would last the following four months. After conquering Móra d'Ebre, it arrived to the Pàndols Range defensive line and later it reached the Barranco de Santa Magdalena. But by 15 August it lost that outpost retreating again to the Pàndols Range, where it held its position until the end of the battle. At the beginning of November it was still in the southern bank of the Ebro, having suffered great losses in manpower and equipment. The commandment of the unit was changed again, being entrusted to major José Montalvo.


1st Mixed Brigade, History, Last actions in Catalonia
When the Francoist offensive against Catalonia began on 23 December 1938, the 1st Mixed Brigade was in the Garrigues area waiting to be reorganized, but it was sent to the Battle of the Segre front in order to plug a breach in the republican lines. For a while it managed to stop the offensive of the Fascist Italian Corpo Truppe Volontarie near Les Borges Blanques, but by the beginning of January 1939 it had to retreat towards the north. By 3 February it reached Girona, and on 5 February it still held fast against the Francoist pressure by the banks of the Ter River. Nevertheless, on 9 February in the evening it crossed the French border at Portbou and became disbanded.


1st Mobile Fleet (Imperial Japanese Navy)
The 1st Mobile Fleet (第一機動艦隊, Dai-Ichi Kidō Kantai) was a fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy established during World War II.


1st Mokva
1st Mokva (Russian: 1-я Моква) is a rural locality (a village) and the administrative center of Mokovsky Selsoviet of Kursky District, Russia. The population was 1823 as of 2010.


1st Mokva, Geography
1st Mokva is located 10 km west of Kursk (the district's administrative centre) by road.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers
The 1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteer Corps was a unit of Britain's Volunteer Force raised in 1860 from Monmouthshire in the Welsh borders. After transfer to the Territorial Force it served with the 53rd (Welsh) Division in Palestine in World War I and in North West Europe in World War II. Its successors serve with today's Army Reserve.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, Volunteer Force
The enthusiasm for the Volunteer movement following an invasion scare in 1859 saw the creation of many Volunteer Corps composed of part-time soldiers eager to supplement the Regular British Army in time of need. An Artillery Volunteer Corps (AVC) of two batteries was formed at Newport  in Monmouthshire on 4 October 1860. Two additional batteries were raised by 1863: C at Abercarn and Crumlin, Caerphilly, and D at Blackwood, Caerphilly. Charles Lyne was appointed Major in command.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, Volunteer Force
In 1864 the unit was included in the 1st Administrative Brigade of Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers, but it raised two more batteries at Newport in 1866 and became an independent unit, with Lyne promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel. In 1873 the 1st Worcestershire AVC was attached to it, and the following year the 1st Administrative Brigade of Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers was formed, comprising the two units, with its headquarters (HQ) at Newport and Lyne in command.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, Volunteer Force
However, by 1878, the 1st Monmouths were down to a strength of two batteries, and the admin brigade was renamed the 1st Administrative Brigade of Worcestershire Artillery Volunteers, with HQ moving to Worcester. Charles Lyne retired and became Honorary Colonel  of the brigade. His son, Lt-Col C.R. Lyne, became commanding officer in 1883. When the artillery volunteers were consolidated in 1880, the brigade became the 1st Worcester (Worcester and Monmouth) AVC, with the former 1st Monmouthshire reduced to Nos 7 and 8 Batteries at Griffithstown. Recruitment picked up in Monmouthshire during the 1880s, and by the end of the decade it was large enough to be an independent corps once more, with six batteries, and the HQ returned to Newport.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, Volunteer Force
The AVCs were intended to serve as garrison artillery manning fixed defences, but a number of the early units manned semi-mobile 'position batteries' of smooth-bore field guns pulled by agricultural horses. However, the War Office (WO) refused to pay for the upkeep of field guns and the concept died out in the 1870s. It was revived in 1888 when some Volunteer batteries were reorganised as 'position artillery' with 16-pounder Rifled Muzzle-Loading guns to work alongside the Volunteer infantry brigades. The six garrison batteries of the revived 1st Monmouthshire AVC were organised into three position batteries, named heavy batteries from 1903.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, Volunteer Force
The 1st Worcesters had formed part of the Welsh Division of the Royal Artillery (RA) from 1882 to 1889, and the Western Division thereafter. The 1st Monmouthshire was placed in the Western Division on being reformed. In 1899 the Artillery Volunteers were transferred to the Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA), the 1st Monmouths becoming the 1st Monmouthshire Royal Garrison Artillery (Volunteers)  when the divisional organisation was abolished on 1 January 1902.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, Territorial Force
When the Volunteers were subsumed into the new Territorial Force under the Haldane Reforms of 1908, the 1st Monmouthshire transferred to the Royal Field Artillery (RFA) as the IV (or 4th) Welsh Brigade, with the following organisation:


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, Territorial Force
The Newport Cadet Corps, RFA, was also affiliated to the brigade.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, Territorial Force
The new brigade unit was part of the Territorial Force's Welsh Division and the batteries were each issued with four 15-pounder guns.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War I, Mobilisation
The units of the Welsh Division had just departed for their annual summer camp when the order to mobilise was received on 4 August 1914. They then returned home and assembled at their drill halls to mobilise. The 4th Welsh Brigade mobilised at Newport under the command of Lt-Col D.E. Williams, VD, who had been CO since 1911.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War I, Mobilisation
By 11 August the units had completed their concentration and Territorial Force members were invited to volunteer for Overseas Service. Four days later the War Office issued instructions to separate those men who had signed up for Home Service only, and form these into reserve units, and on 31 August, the formation of a reserve or 2nd Line unit was authorised for each 1st Line unit where 60 per cent or more of the men had volunteered for Overseas Service. The titles of these 2nd Line units would be the same as the original, but distinguished by a '2/' prefix. In this way duplicate batteries, brigades and divisions were created, mirroring those Territorial Force formations being sent overseas.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 1/IV Welsh Brigade, RFA
At the end of August the Welsh Division concentrated at Northampton to continue its training. On 18 November the division was warned for garrison duty in India, but this was cancelled and in December it moved to Cambridge, then to Bedford in May 1915. In July the infantry of the division (now renamed the 53rd (Welsh) Division) embarked for service at Gallipoli, but the divisional artillery remained at Bedford. In October the batteries were re-armed with modern 18-pounder guns and on 8 November they handed over their obsolescent 15-pounders to the 2nd Line unit, which had just arrived at Bedford.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 1/IV Welsh Brigade, RFA
53rd (Welsh) Divisional Artillery was now ordered to France to join the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) on the Western Front. It embarked on 20 November and had concentrated at Pont-Remy by 25 November, from where parties were sent to various divisional artilleries  for instruction in front line duties.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 1/IV Welsh Brigade, RFA
Meanwhile, after suffering appalling casualties at Gallipoli, 53rd (Welsh) Division had been withdrawn to Egypt to refit. On 30 January 1916 the divisional artillery was ordered to rejoin the rest of the division. The batteries entrained at Pont-Remy, embarked at Marseilles on 3 February and disembarked at Alexandria on 11 February. By 22 February the artillery had rejoined the division at Beni Salama. For the rest of the year the recuperating division was stationed in the Suez Canal defences.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 1/IV Welsh Brigade, RFA
In May 1916 the Territorial Force field brigades were numbered, the 1/IV Welsh being designated CCLXVIII (268) Bde, RFA, and the batteries became A, B and C. Then on 25 December 1916 the divisional artillery was reorganised: A Bty was broken up between B and C Btys (to make them up to six guns each) and they were redesignated A and B, while B Battery (the former 2nd Glamorgan Bty) joined from the old CCLXV (I Welsh) Bde and became C (Howitzer) Bty, equipped with 4.5-inch howitzers. The brigade itself was redesignated CCLXVI (266) Bde. 53rd (W) Divisional Ammunition Column had remained in France, and was reformed in Egypt by abolishing the Brigade Ammunition Columns.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 1/IV Welsh Brigade, RFA, Palestine
Early in 1917 the Egyptian Expeditionary Force launched the Sinai and Palestine Campaign by crossing the Sinai desert and advancing against Turkish forces at Gaza City. The First Battle of Gaza began during the night of 25/26 March when 53rd (W) Division advanced 12 miles (19 km) to cross the Wadi Ghuzzeh, with CCLXVI Bde following 158th (North Wales) Infantry Brigade. Despite the darkness and morning fog – 158th Brigade lost its way and arrived late – the infantry were in position by 08.30 and at 10.10 CCLXVI Bde opened fire on Ali Muntar.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 1/IV Welsh Brigade, RFA, Palestine
However, the attack orders were late reaching the infantry, and the main bombardment did not begin until 12.00. The division's attack went well, with 158th Bde establishing a lodgement at Ali Muntar, but the artillery was too weak to suppress the Turkish fire and casualties were heavy. By 18.30 the division had taken all its objectives and its troops were in the eastern streets of Gaza when the attack was stopped for lack of water. Although 53rd (W) Division consolidated its position, it was withdrawn the following day.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 1/IV Welsh Brigade, RFA, Palestine
For the Second Battle of Gaza, beginning on 17 April, 53rd (W) Division's role was to advance up the coast across Wadi Ghuzzeh, and then attack Gaza after an artillery bombardment. The bombardment was begun by the heavy artillery and warships offshore, then the 4.5-inch howitzers began firing gas shells against Turkish batteries. At 07.20, 10 minutes before Zero, the 18-pounders began engaging the objectives. The infantry attacked punctually at 07.30 and 53rd (W) Division captured Samson's Ridge. However, it could not push on because the neighbouring division was badly held up. Casualties had been high and gains minimal, and the EEF dug in for a summer of trench warfare.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 1/IV Welsh Brigade, RFA, Palestine
Although the War Office was unable to provide more divisions for the EEF, it could send guns: 53rd (W) Division's batteries were temporarily brought up to a strength of eight rather than six guns, until further troops arrived. The reorganised EEF renewed its offensive (the Third Battle of Gaza) on 27 October. XX Corps, including 53rd (W) Divisional artillery, moved into position during the night of 30/31 October to capture Beersheba, and the bombardment began at 05.55. After a pause at 07.00 to let the dust settle and determine the effect, the guns reopened.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 1/IV Welsh Brigade, RFA, Palestine
Infantry parties advanced to within 30 yards (27 m) of the barrage to finish cutting the barbed wire. They then rushed Point 1069 and the 18-pounder batteries began to move up to more advanced positions. Beersheba had fallen to the Desert Mounted Corps and XX Corps could bivouack on the objective. On 3 November 53rd (W) Division was ordered to advance to the Tel es Sheria road.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 1/IV Welsh Brigade, RFA, Palestine
It was a difficult march over broken country in hot weather and CCLXVI Bde, escorted by 5th Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers (RWF), made a wide movement out to the east where there was a track over comparatively flat ground. There were several sharp actions with enemy detachments, and 5th RWF was called from escort duty to support the attack on the Khuweilfe heights. Over following days 53rd (W) Division kept up pressure on the enemy in the hills so that the EEF could roll up the main trench lines (the Battle of Hareira and Sheria). Then on 6 November the division assaulted the Khuweilfe position supported by an intense bombardment by all its own guns and a heavy battery. After confused fighting the position was held, with the support of the divisional artillery breaking up Turkish counter-attacks.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 1/IV Welsh Brigade, RFA, Palestine
After breaking through the Gaza positions, the EEF pressed on to Jerusalem in appalling weather. The city was to be captured by XX Corps after a rapid advance by a flying column known as  'Mott's Detachment' that included 53rd (W) Division. Preliminary attacks began on 7 December and  Jerusalem fell the following day, but there was still heavy fighting to the end of the year as the Turks threw in counter-attacks.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 1/IV Welsh Brigade, RFA, Palestine
XX Corps renewed its advance in March 1918, 53rd (W) Division pushing forward a little on 2 March, then again on 6 March against only slight opposition, before the whole Corps advanced on 8 March. 53rd (W) Division's main objective was the hill of Tell 'Asur, and it was supported by plentiful artillery as well as its own brigades. The peak was taken, lost, and retaken, followed by four more Turkish counter-attacks. That night the division also took Chipp Hill, which had defied the neighbouring division during daylight, but on 10 March found the wadi in front too steep to climb, only passing over it during darkness on 12 March. The new line was held through the summer months.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 1/IV Welsh Brigade, RFA, Palestine
In the summer of 1918 the 53rd Division was 'Indianised', with three quarters of the infantry battalions replaced by others drawn from the British Indian Army, but this did not affect the divisional artillery, which retained its composition to the end of the war.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 1/IV Welsh Brigade, RFA, Palestine
At the climactic Battle of Megiddo 53rd (W) Division attacked late on the first day (18 September), after an hour's bombardment. After more than 20 hours' hard fighting, the main enemy position was taken and the guns could move forward. The pressure was kept up on 20 September and by the end of the next day the Turkish army was shattered.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 1/IV Welsh Brigade, RFA, Palestine
After the battle the division was withdrawn to Alexandria before the Armistice of Mudros came into effect on 31 October. Demobilisation began on 20 December and was completed in June 1919. CCLXVI Brigade was placed in suspended animation.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 2/IV Welsh Brigade, RFA
Although 2/IV Welsh Bde was raised before the end of 1914, the 2nd Welsh Division (68th (2nd Welsh) Division from August 1915) did not concentrate at Northampton until Spring 1915, the brigade joining it on 29 April. It moved to Earlswood on 4 August 1915 and then arrived at Bedford to replace the 1st Line brigade on 2 November. Training of the units was made difficult by the lack of arms and equipment, and the requirement to provide drafts to the 1st Line overseas.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 2/IV Welsh Brigade, RFA
In June the first saddlery and horses began to arrive, but no guns until August, when the brigade received four French De Bange 90 mm guns. Some ammunition wagons arrived in September, and eight more 90 mm guns in October. Training began to speed up, with the 90 mm guns standing in for 15-pounders. When the brigade arrived at Bedford it took over 12 x 15-pounders from the 1st Line. In December 1915 these in turn were replaced by modern 18-pounders.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 2/IV Welsh Brigade, RFA
68th (2nd Welsh) Division was assigned a role in Home Defence in November 1915 when it joined First Army (Home Forces) in Central Force, with its units quartered across Eastern England. In May 1916 the brigade was numbered CCCXLIII Brigade (343 Bde) and the batteries became A, B and C. Later in the year CCCXL (Howitzer) Bde (formerly 2/I Welsh Bde) was broken up and its A Bty (formerly 2/1st Glamorgan Bty) joined CCCXLIII Bde as D (H) Bty.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 2/IV Welsh Brigade, RFA
The Home Defence divisions continually supplied drafts to units fighting overseas. In the autumn of 1916, A/CCCXLIII Bty was detached tand replaced by a newly-raised 502 (H) Bty, RFA. A Battery was then given back its old Territorial Force title as 502 (2/1 Monmouth) (Howitzer) Battery and left for France, while the new battery in CCCXLIII Bde was renumbered as 545 (H) Bty. 502 (2/1 Monmouth) (H) Bty disembarked at Le Havre on 6 October 1916, left two days later and joined CXXVI Bde RFA in 37th Division on 9 October, becoming its C (H) Bty on 23 October. It was equipped with four 4.5-inch howitzers.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 2/IV Welsh Brigade, RFA
37th Division had been in France since the middle of 1915, but it had still not taken part in a major operation. Now it was involved in the Battle of the Ancre (the last phase of the Somme Offensive) starting on 13 November. 37th Divisional Artillery was in the line for the whole six-day battle, at first covering the front of 63rd (Royal Naval) Division before 37th Division took over the front.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 2/IV Welsh Brigade, RFA
On 25 January 1917, C(H)/CXXVI Bty (the former 2/1 Monmouth Bty) was broken up and its Right and Left Sections used to make up D(H)CXXIII and D(H)CXXIV Btys up to six howitzers each. These two batteries served with 37th Divisional Artillery on the Western Front for the rest of the war.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War I, 2/IV Welsh Brigade, RFA
The rest of CCCXLIII Bde had disappeared from 68th (2nd W) Division's order of battle by mid-1917.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, Interwar
The brigade was reformed in the 53rd (W) Division in 1920, initially as 3rd Welsh Brigade, RFA, and redesignated the 83rd (Welsh) Brigade, RFA, when the Territorial Force was reorganised as the Territorial Army (TA) in 1921 (becoming a Field Brigade, RA, in 1924 when the RFA was subsumed into the Royal Artillery). The howitzer battery was formed from a squadron of the Montgomeryshire Yeomanry and a company of the 1st Battalion, Herefordshire Regiment, giving the brigade the following organisation:


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, Interwar
The brigade was once more in 53rd (W) Division. Field Brigades were termed Field Regiments from 1938 onwards.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, Mobilisation
The TA was doubled in size following the Munich Crisis of 1938, with existing units splitting to form duplicates before the outbreak of World War II. 83rd Field Regiment reorganised as follows:


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, Mobilisation
Both regiments were in 53rd (Welsh) Division throughout World War II and shared similar histories.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, Home defence
Parts of 53rd (Welsh) Division were sent to Northern Ireland from October 1939, and the whole division was stationed there from 3 April 1940 to 30 April 1941 as part of VI Corps. The establishment of a field regiment from 1941 onwards was three batteries, each of two four-gun troops of 25-pounders with Quad gun tractors.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, Home defence
On returning to mainland Britain, the division served under III Corps and Western Command. On 8 April 1942 it was assigned to XII Corps District, then from 15 May 1943 in XII Corps it became part of 21st Army Group training for the Allied invasion of Normandy (Operation Overlord).


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, Home defence, Normandy
53rd (Welsh) Division was among the follow-up troops landing after D-Day (6 June). Its units were at sea from 21 June and completed landing on 27 June. On 1 July it relieved 15th (Scottish) Division on the River Odon after the Battle of 'Scottish Corridor'. 53rd Division was then involved in the Second Battle of the Odon from 15 July, capturing Cahier and holding on to it by hard fighting.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, Home defence, Normandy
When the breakout from the Normandy beachhead began in early August, 53rd Division cleared the banks of the River Orne and then fought its way towards Falaise to help in closing the Falaise Pocket. By late August its units were across the Seine and driving over open country towards the River Somme. On 4 September the division cleared St Pol and was working its way through the canal area west of Lille. On 12 September 83rd Regiment moved into the outskirts of Antwerp, where they were treated with hospitality by the liberated inhabitants, even while engaging enemy targets round the docks in grain elevators, tall buildings and hotels.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, Home defence, Netherlands
There was a pause at the Meuse-Escaut Canal before Operation Market Garden was launched on 17 September. XII Corps had an important subsidiary role clearing the country west of XXX Corps' main thrust. 83rd Field Regiment came into action to support 158 Bde's crossing of the Meuse-Escaut Canal, suffering some casualties from Luftwaffe air attack on the night of 18–19 September while crossing the canal. 133rd came into action and crossed the canal the following day in support of 160th Bde.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, Home defence, Netherlands
On 4 October, the 83rd Regiment moved to Sint-Oedenrode in the Market Garden 'corridor' supporting 158th Brigade, and two days later 133rd Regiment moved with 160th Bde into the Nijmegen bridgehead captured during Market Garden. Both positions were under frequent fire: on 13 October the 330 Battery of the 83rd Regiment was shelled as the Germans prepared a counter-attack against 158th Bde; the battery lost seven killed and 12 wounded when the battery command post (CP) was hit by two shells.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, Home defence, Netherlands
The CP was quickly re-established, partly due to the actions of Lt. Trevor Scholes, Royal Signals, who won an MC in this action for his efforts to make good the radios and to continue to relay fire orders to the guns. The battery's defensive fire tasks were instrumental in defeating an attack that got within 20 yards (18 m) of 158th Bde's positions. On 16 October 83rd Regiment took part in Operation Winkle: an intense fire programme by all arms rising to a crescendo, followed by loudspeaker appeals to German soldiers to desert to the Allied lines, covered by a smokescreen fired by the regiment.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, Home defence, Netherlands
After the failure of Market Garden, XII Corps was ordered to advance westwards towards 's-Hertogenbosch. The regiments left the Nijmegen area on 19 October and took up new gun positions. The attack on s'Hertogenbosch (Operation Alan) began at 06.30 on 22 October, the infantry of 160th Bde advancing behind a timed artillery programme, after which the guns moved forward. After two days' fighting, 158th Bde took up the attack, but it took two more days of house-to-house fighting supported by the artillery to clear the old town.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, Home defence, Netherlands
Next XII Corps was switched to clearing the country between the Wessem and Zig Canals as 21st Army Group closed up to the River Maas. On 14 November the corps carried out Operation Mallard o cross the Wessem Canal. Both regiments fired in support of 51st (Highland) Division's assault crossing (Operation Ascot), followed by 53rd (W) Division's own crossing (Operation Bristol) in the evening.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, Home defence, Netherlands
On 3 December the guns supported 15th (S) Division in Operation Guildford to clear the banks of the Maas up to Blerick, opposite Venlo. The Commanding Officer of the 133rd Field Regiment was responsible for firing a large-scale smokescreen, which was maintained for over 11 hours during the operation, which was described as 'textbook'. Further operations were halted by winter weather. On 20 January 1945 the division moved to the Eindhoven area to refit and train for a special operation. On the night of 4/5 February the gunners moved into concealed positions near Nijmegen.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, Home defence, Operation Veritable
The Battle of the Reichswald (Operation Veritable) opened at 05.00 on 8 February with the heaviest concentration of artillery employed by the British Army so far in the war. The bombardment hit enemy gun positions, HQs, and communications. After a pause and dummy attack at 07.40 to induce the Germans to man their guns, the Counter-battery fire was resumed and a barrage was laid down to protect the assaulting columns. At 10.30 the full barrage made its first lift and the advance began. Both regiments supported the advance of 71st Bde.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, Home defence, Operation Veritable
By 15.00, 133rd Regiment was out of range, but it took over 2 hours to extract its guns from their muddy positions to move forward. 83rd Regiment also moved forward at 19.00. 53rd Division's objectives were the Brandenburg and Stoppelberg features in the northern part of the Reichswald. Opposition was not strong but the terrain was difficult. By 02.00 on 9 February the leading units were through the Siegfried Line defences and closing on the Stoppelberg.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, Home defence, Operation Veritable
That feature was taken during the morning and the division pushed on to the edge of the forest, but it was hard to get guns and vehicles along the muddy forest tracks. The regiments deployed on German soil for the first time on 11 February. It took several days for the division to push on through Pfalzdorf towards Goch, mopping up opposition and fending off counter-attacks. Goch fell on 21 February.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, Home defence, Operation Veritable
53rd Division was not involved in the assault crossing of the Rhine  (Operation Plunder) on 23/24 March, but it crossed on 26 March and the next day attacked through Hamminkeln to Dingden. It then took part in the drive to the Elbe. The German surrender at Lüneburg Heath, ending the fighting on 21st Army Group's front, came on 4 May.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, World War II, Home defence, Operation Veritable
83rd and 133rd (Welsh) Field Regiments were placed in suspended animation in 1946; 133rd was subsequently disbanded in 1947.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, Postwar
When the TA was reconstituted in 1947, the 83rd Field Regiment was reformed at Newport as 283rd (Welsh) Field Regiment in 53rd (Welsh) Division. In 1953 the title was changed to 283rd (Monmouthshire) Field Regiment.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, Postwar
On 10 March 1955 the regiment absorbed 603rd (1st Rifle Bn, The Monmouthshire Regiment) (Mixed) Heavy Anti- Aircraft Regiment at Newport, with the latter contributing P (1 Monmouthshire) Bty to the merger. On 1 May 1961 the regiment merged again, this time with two of the original field regiments of 53rd (W) Division, 281st (Glamorgan Yeomanry) Field Regiment and 282nd (Welsh) Heavy AA Regimentto form 282nd (Glamorgan and Monmouthshire) Field Regiment, with the following organisation:


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, Postwar
Finally, when the TA was reduced into the Territorial and Army Volunteer Reserve in 1967, the combined regiment became 211 (South Wales) Battery, Royal Artillery at Newport in 104 Light Air Defence Regiment, RA, with the following organisation:


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, Postwar
In 1986, 211 Bty provided a cadre for a new 217 (County of Gwent) Bty at Cwmbran, but this was absorbed by HQ Bty in 1992, when 211 Bty was reduced to:


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, Postwar
211 (South Wales) Bty continues in 104th Regiment Royal Artillery (Volunteers) in the Army Reserve today, currently as a close support unit equipped with the L118 light gun.


1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers, Memorial
There is a brass plate bearing the names of 28 members of 83rd Field Regiment killed in the NW Europe campaign in St Peter's and St Paul's Church, East Sutton, near Maidstone in Kent.


1st Moroccan Division (1939)
The 1st Moroccan Division (French: 1re division marocaine (1939), 1reD.M) created on October 27, 1939 was an infantry division of the Army of Africa (French: Armée d'Afrique) which participated in the Battle of France (May–June 1940) during World War II.


1st Moroccan Division (1939)
The 1st Moroccan Division participated with distinction in the Battle of Gembloux on May 15, 1940 and subsequently during the defense of Lille at the end of May 1940.


1st Moroccan Division (1939), World War II (1939-1940)
Formed in Meknès on September 2, 1939, the division was sent to Oran on October 24. It disembarked at Marseille and from there travelled from Bayonne to Luchon and from Toulouse to La Rochelle before making its way by rail on November 14 to the zone de Fresnes-en-Woevre, Vigneulles-les-Hattonchâtel and Sponville.


1st Moroccan Division (1939), World War II (1939-1940), Front de Lorraine
On December 17, the 1st Moroccan Division relieved the 1e D.I.N.A in the sector of Eizange (Third Army (France)), with a command post at Bertrange. On January 23, 1940, the division was in turn relieved by the 20e D.I and regrouped in the zone of Uckange, Moyeuvre, Roncourt, while making its way by land on February 3 toward Vitry-le-François et Châlons. The division then did garrison duty for two months.


1st Moroccan Division (1939), World War II (1939-1940), Front de Lorraine
On April 1, the division was transferred to the zone of de Bavai, du Quesnoy, de Maubegne with a command post at Berlaimont, forming part of the (1st Army, 5th Army Corps; 5e C.A). On April 4, the division relieved the 82e D.I.A in the sector of Hainaut, de Wargnies-le-Petit at la Sambre.


1st Moroccan Division (1939), World War II (1939-1940), Bataille de la Dyle
On May 10, 1940, the division advanced by night towards Mons, Havre and Sars-la-Bruyère. On the 11, the division made its way, again by night, towards Houdeng, Thieu and Seneffe. On the 12 and 13 May, the 1er and 2e R.T.M was transported by truck to take position in Ernage-Gembloux. On 14 May it was involved in confused actions around Ernage under bombardments from stukas and German artillery. On the morning of 15 May, Ernage was lost.


1st Moroccan Division (1939), World War II (1939-1940), Bataille de la Dyle
Following communications breakdowns with the 1st Motorized Infantry Division (1re DIM), orders were given for retreat along the V.F de Tilly; a difficult maneuver. On 16 May, the division took up positions on the Villers-la-Ville at Marbais, a continuous combat. On the 17th the division retreated behind the canal Charleroi-Bruxelles, then towards Mons. Communications between units were disrupted. On 18 May, elements of the division were regrouped at the south-west of Valenciennes.


1st Moroccan Division (1939), World War II (1939-1940), Bataille de la Dyle
Two commemorative plaques were placed at the foot of the steps of the Church of Saint-Pierre de Noirmont, near Ernage in memory of the combatants from the 110th Infantry Regiment (French: 110e régiment d'infanterie, 110e R.I) and the 1st Moroccan Division which fell in combat around the town.


1st Moroccan Division (1939), World War II (1939-1940), Bataille du Nord
On May 19 the remaining men of the division took up position facing south-east, on the Escaut, at the bridge of Rouvignies at Bouchain. On 20 May, German forces reached Escaut at the bridge. The French position was reestablished by a counter-attack. Regrouping in the zone of Marchiennes-Campagne, Warlaing, Erre, the division made its way north of la Scarpe on May 21, from Wred to Warlaing. On 22 and23 May the 2e and 7e R.T.M (Regiments of Moroccan Tirailleurs) were reorganized in marching battalions. One artillery regiment was destroyed.


1st Moroccan Division (1939), World War II (1939-1940), Bataille du Nord
On the 24th the division made its way along the canal of la Deule, facing south-west, from Oignies to Baraques. On the 25th, the division was engaged in combat at Meurchin and Pont-à-Vendin. On the 26th German forces crossed the la Deule canal at bridges in de Courrières and Maudit, and seized suburbs south of Carvin. The arrival of elements of the 2e D.I.N.A allowed the reestablishment of the Camphin front at Provin, Les Baraques, through a counter-attack by the 3e D.L.M. Following fighting at Don and Allennes on the 27th, the division retreated by night to Lys.


1st Moroccan Division (1939), World War II (1939-1940), Bataille du Nord
On the 28th broken up into three sections, the 1st Moroccan Division retreated towards Lille. It was engaged in combat in Lille-Canteleu on the 29th and 30th. Elements of the division united at Malo-Terminos and succeeded in taking ship for England. Following losses at sea through aerial bombardments, the remains of the division were in England from June 2 to June 5, before being transported to Brest. It was reorganized in the Beaumesnil Zone on 8 and 9 June. In Barre-en-Ouche, the division located the regimental transport and the support services, that had been evacuated to the north before the division's encirclement.


1st Moroccan Division (1939), World War II (1939-1940), Bataille du Nord
Now numbering almost 4,000 men the 1st Moroccan Division made its way to Risle, la Ferrière and la Neuve-Lyre on June 10. Reinforced by two battalions of the 1e R.T.M, the division was transferred to the 1st Light North-African Division.


1st Moroccan Division (1939), 1st Moroccan Division, 1reDM
From May 10 to June 24, the 1st Moroccan Division lost 700 men killed in action. Of this total 70% were Maghrebis (indigenous soldiers from Morocco and Algeria).


1st Moroccan Division (1939), 1st Moroccan Division, 1reDM, Composition
In 1940 the 1st Moroccan Division consisted of almost 61% Moroccan military volunteers and 39% of French cadres (officers, sous-officiers, and French volunteers).


1st Moroccan Division (1939), Division Commander
Commandant : général Audet (1939-26 February 1940), then général Mellier (February 27, 1940). Chef d'état-major : Commandant Nardin, then Captain Castaing (May 22, 1940). Infantry Division Commandant: Colonel Crépin. Artillery Division Commandant: Colonel Ronin.


1st Moroccan Division (1939), Distinctions
The battle honour Gembloux 1940 was added to the regimental flags of the :


1st Moroccan Division (1939), Distinctions
Collective citations at the orders of the Armed Forces:Following the war, the regiments of the 1st Moroccan Division received eight citations from the French Armed Forces and Belgium Armed Forces.


1st Moroccan Division (1939), Distinctions
A road in Gembloux, Belgium bears the name of Rue de la Première Division Marocaine (Road of the 1st Moroccan Division).


1st Moroccan Infantry Division
The 1st Moroccan Infantry Division (French: 1e division d'infanterie marocaine, 1e DIM) was a French Army formation during World War I and World War II.


1st Moroccan Infantry Division, World War I
The division was formed in July 1918 by the renaming and partial reorganisation of the Moroccan Infantry Division. In spite of its name, Moroccan troops formed only one of its two brigades, with the other combining soldiers from Madagascar with elements of the French Foreign Legion and the former Imperial Russian Army.


1st Moroccan Infantry Division, World War I
The division also had attached to it the 32e régiment d'infanterie territoriale (32nd territorial infantry regiment), a unit of French reservists from Argentan.


1st Moroccan Infantry Division, World War I
The division was involved in many battles - such as the Second Battle of the Marne in 1918 (where, with the American 1st and 2nd Divisions, it was part of the French XX Corps).


1st Moroccan Infantry Division, World War II
During the Battle of France in May 1940 the division was made up of the following units:


1st Moroccan Infantry Division, World War II
It was an active division which existed during peacetime. It mainly contained native troops from French Morocco.


1st Moscow International Film Festival
The 1st Moscow International Film Festival was held from 3 to 17 August 1959. The Grand Prix was awarded to the Soviet film Destiny of a Man directed by Sergei Bondarchuk.


1st Moscow Jewish Film Festival
The  1st Moscow Jewish Film Festival is an annual international film festival, which aims to gather in the program features, documentaries, shorts and animated films on the subject of Jewish culture, history and national identity and contemporary problems. The festival was first held in Moscow from 14 to 17 June 2015, at the Jewish Museum and Tolerance Center, the Documentary film center and cinema GUM.


1st Moscow Jewish Film Festival, Education
In addition to film screenings educational program was organized in the framework of the festival, consisting of lectures, discussions and debates. The speakers were: Russian philosopher Igor Chubarov, writer Linor Goralik,  researcher of Jewish thought Uri Gershovich, gospel playwright Maria Zielinskaya, historian Sergei Stepanishev and others.


1st Motor Brigade (Australia)
The 1st Motor Brigade was a formation of the Australian Army during the interwar years and the early part of World War II. Initially raised in 1921 as the 1st Cavalry Brigade in Queensland, it was a part time formation of the Militia. It consisted of three light horse regiments spread across several depots in the southeast part of the state. During World War II, the brigade was mobilised for defensive duties in December 1941, and assumed positions north of Brisbane to defend against a possible invasion. In early 1942, the brigade was converted into a motorised formation, and was redesignated as the 1st Motor Brigade. In July 1943, when the threat of invasion had passed, it was disbanded and its manpower reallocated to operational formations.


1st Motor Brigade (Australia), History
The brigade was formed as a part time unit of the Militia in 1921 and was designated as the 1st Cavalry Brigade. Headquartered in Brisbane, Queensland, the brigade was raised from the previously existing 1st Light Horse Brigade. Upon establishment, the brigade consisted of three light horse regiments: the 5th, 11th and 14th. These were based in Gympie, Toowoomba and Ipswich. It formed part of the 1st Cavalry Division, which was headquartered in Sydney. By 1938, the brigade's three regiments had been transferred to the 11th Mixed Brigade, with the 2nd and 14th Light Horse Regiments being amalgamated. Plans drawn up before the war assigned the brigade a flank protection role to the north and south of Brisbane in the event of an invasion.


1st Motor Brigade (Australia), History
During World War II, the 1st Cavalry Brigade was mobilised for full time service following Japan's entry into the war in December 1941. At this time, the brigade's headquarters was located at Fortitude Valley, Queensland; its constituent units were converted into motorised units at this time, as part of an effort to motorise or mechanise Australia's mounted forces in the early war years. The brigade consisted of the 5th Motor Regiment, the 11th Motor Regiment and the 2nd Reconnaissance Battalion at this time, and was spread between Gympie, Gatton, and Grovely. By February 1942, the brigade's headquarters had moved to Enoggera with the 5th and 11th Motor Regiments based around Buderim and Caloundra.


1st Motor Brigade (Australia), History
The brigade was converted into the 1st Motor Brigade in March – April 1942. After it was converted into a motor brigade, the brigade was reinforced by the 16th Motor Regiment, which was transferred to Gympie from New South Wales. At this time, the brigade was tasked with carrying out reconnaissance and defensive duties in the Bundaberg–Maroochy River region, in the event of a Japanese invasion. This resulted in brigade headquarters being moved to Cooroy and then Gympie in April and May.


1st Motor Brigade (Australia), History
The brigade was assigned to the 5th Division, then transferred to the direct command of I Corps before later being transferred to the 1st Motor Division. In July 1942, the brigade's area of responsibility was widened to include Maryborough as part of a reorganisation necessitated by the dispatch of the 7th Division to New Guinea to join the fighting along the Kokoda Track.


1st Motor Brigade (Australia), History
The brigade was transferred again in November 1942, to the 3rd Armoured Division, headquartered at Murgon; at this time, the brigade's main units were the 5th, 11th and 16th Motor Regiments. At the start of 1943, the 1st Motor Brigade moved to Goomeri. However, when the threat of invasion had passed, the brigade was disbanded in July 1943, having not seen any active service. The brigade's manpower was then reallocated to meet shortages in the Army's operational formations, with the volunteer Second Australian Imperial Force personnel being reassigned to several different infantry brigades, specifically the 18th and 21st, while headquarters staff were transferred to the 25th Infantry Brigade's headquarters.


1st Motor Brigade (Australia), Brigade units
The following units served with the brigade during the war while it was a cavalry brigade:


1st Motor Brigade (Australia), Brigade units
The following units served with the brigade during the war following its conversion to a motor brigade:


1st Motorised Brigade (Hungary)
The 1st Motorised Brigade was a formation of the Royal Hungarian Army that participated in the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia during World War II.


1st Motorised Infantry Division (France)
The 1st Motorized Infantry Division was a division of the French Army that existed from 1939 - 1940. It was involved in the Battle of France. Although it didn't have a lot experience it was trained very well and had a lot of modern equipment.


1st Motorised Infantry Division (France), History
The 1st Motorized Infantry Division was formed in 1939 at Anzin as a Covering Division. In late 1939 the division joined the 3rd Army Corps, later the "Groupe Moliné". In mid 1940 the division was re-formed as the "1st Light Infantry Division".


1st Motorized Infantry Brigade "Moldova"
The 1st Motorized Infantry Brigade "Moldova" is an motorized infantry unit of the Moldovan National Army's Ground Forces based in the Moldovan city of Bălți. It was the first Army unit to be created in the newly independent country, being founded on 10 April 1992. It was made up of elements of former Soviet units in Balti and Florești that used to form the 86th Guards Motor Rifle Division. The name "Moldova" was granted in August 1993 by order of defense minister Ion Costaș, and was handed its battle flag later that month by presidential decree.


1st Motorized Infantry Brigade "Moldova"
In 1996, the International Military Applications "MEDCEUR-1996" were organized at the Brigade Training Center located near the village of Elizaveta with the involvement of the American and German armies. Besides military actions, the brigade and its staff participated in containing the floods of 2008. In November 2018, the Moldova Brigade, along with the other 2 army brigades, took part in Dragon Pioneer military exercise with over 150 soldiers of the USAREUR's 2nd Cavalry Regiment. In 2013, the brigade commander gave President Nicolae Timofti an engraved souvenir of the unit.


1st Motorized Infantry Brigade "Moldova"
Like all the other motorized infantry brigades in the ground forces, the brigade maintains a military band which serves on special occasions.


1st Mountain Battery (Australia)
The 1st Mountain Battery was an Australian Army artillery battery formed in July 1942, that served during the Second World War, seeing action against the Japanese during the Battle of Buna–Gona and the Salamaua–Lae campaign in 1942–43. The unit was added to the 1st Parachute Battalion in August 1944 providing an organic indirect fire support, equipped with Short 25-pounder guns, but did not see further action in this role. The battery was disbanded in 1946.


1st Mountain Battery (Australia), History, Formation
The 1st Mountain Battery was formed in July 1942 in response to an urgent request from New Guinea Force. Captain Martin O'Hare, an officer of the Regular Army, was appointed battery commander, while personnel were drawn from artillery units in I Corps and from the 6th Motor Regiment, which had previously been converted from the light horse role. Equipped with 3.7-inch pack howitzers hastily obtained from the Royal New Zealand Navy, it was formed as a four-gun battery with a strength of four officers and 209 other ranks.


1st Mountain Battery (Australia), History, Formation
Initially it was intended that the guns would be moved by pack horse; however, following the unit's arrival in Port Moresby in early October it soon became clear that horses would be unsuited to the humid conditions in New Guinea with the guns to be moved by jeeps and native carriers instead. It took about 90 porters to move one gun without ammunition.


1st Mountain Battery (Australia), History, Battle of Buna–Gona
The battery supported the Australian and American forces during the Battle of Buna–Gona. It was the only artillery in place to support the Allies during the opening engagements on 19 November 1942. On 15 November, a detachment of the left section, with one gun was flown into Kokoda to support the Australian 7th Division, which had driven the Japanese back along the Kokoda Track. By 16 November the division was preparing to cross the Kumusi River and advance against Japanese positions at Gona and Sanananda.


1st Mountain Battery (Australia), History, Battle of Buna–Gona
Meanwhile, the right section, with two guns, was also provided to support the US 32nd Division which was preparing to seize Buna. The section was flown to Pongani, on the north coast of New Guinea, on 12 November. It was then moved along the coast by barge. During the battle, the section initially deployed to a position about 1,000 yards (910 m) north of Cape Sudest on 16 November. The following day, it moved to a position about 600 yards (600 m) north of Hariko. It later moved to a position on the Dobodura–Buna track. This was about 2,000 yards (1,800 m) south of the bridge between the two strips. On 5 December, the detachment from Kokoda joined the right section at Buna. On 26 December, the howitzers ran out of ammunition and took no further part in the fighting.


1st Mountain Battery (Australia), History, Advance towards Salamaua
In late February 1943, a section of 1st Mountain Battery was flown into Wau to support the advance to Salamaua. The section accompanied the 17th Brigade from Wau. As the terrain and thick jungle prevented additional guns being moved forward, this was the brigade's only artillery support. By June, the 3rd Division was finally approaching Salamaua, with the 17th Brigade advancing from the south-south-west. The brigade was supported by two 3.7 inch howitzers from the 1st Mountain Battery as well as one US field battery.


1st Mountain Battery (Australia), History, Advance towards Salamaua
Forward observers from the battery often directed fire from positions as close as 50 metres (55 yd) from Japanese positions due to limited observation as a result of the thick jungle canopy and low cloud; however, the battery's guns proved highly accurate. They were subsequently involved in the successful attack on Komiatum on 16 August, which saw the divisional artillery concentrated to support the brigade.


1st Mountain Battery (Australia), History, Parachute role
In August 1944, the battery was added to the 1st Parachute Battalion, providing an organic indirect fire support, equipped with Short 25-pounder guns. Although the battalion was warned for deployment on a number of occasions, the battery saw no further action before the war ended. It ceased to exist in 1946 when the 1st Parachute Battalion was disbanded.


1st Mountain Brigade (Poland)
1st Mountain Brigade (1. Brygada Górska) was a unit of the Polish Army during the interbellum period, which took part in the Polish September Campaign. Commanded by Colonel Janusz Galadyk, it was part of Bielsko Operational Group of the Army Kraków. It consisted mostly of units of the Border Defence Corps (KOP), sent to southwestern Poland from Eastern Borderlands. Created on July 7, 1939, its task was to defend southern wing of the Army, in the section between Żywiec and Rabka.


1st Mountain Brigade (Poland)
On September 1, the Brigade was attacked by four German divisions - 2nd Panzer, 4th Light, 3rd Mountain and 7th I.D. In bitter fights around Wegierska Gorka, the Berezwecz Battalion of KOP was destroyed and the following night Colonel Galadyk ordered his men to leave the valley of the Sola river, as the neighboring Polish 21. Mountain Infantry Division had also been destroyed and further defence of the area was impossible. During retreat towards Wadowice, the Brigade fought several skirmishes with the advancing Wehrmacht. It was helped for a while by the 10th Cavalry Brigade under Colonel Stanisław Maczek, its task was to halt the Germans, who wanted to gain control over the Zakopane - Kraków road.


1st Mountain Brigade (Poland)
On September 4, the German XXII Army Corps defeated a Border Defence Corps Battalion in Mszana Dolna, but on the same day, KOP soldiers from Wilejka managed to beat the Germans at Pcim. Withdrawing northwards, the Brigade was finally overcome in the area of Bochnia, and it ceased to exist


1st Mountain Cavalry Division (Soviet Union)
The 1st Mountain Cavalry Division was a division-sized unit of the Red Army that existed during the Great Patriotic War and during the Allied Invasion of Iran.


1st Mountain Cavalry Division (Soviet Union), History
The 1st Mountain Cavalry Division was formed originally as the "1st Mountain Cavalry Division" in July 1941 and immediately assigned to the 45th Army on the Iranian Border. In August of the same year the division was assigned to the 47th Army and in October as part of the Soviet Occupation Forces in Persia. In December it was re-designated to the "1st Cavalry Division" and was assigned to the 15th Cavalry Corps. It is unknown what happened after December 1942 but most sources show it being disbanded and units dispersed into Iran.


1st Mountain Cavalry Division (Soviet Union), Organization
The 1st Mountain Cavalry division's structure didn't change from its formation to the possible disbandment:


1st Mountain Division (Bundeswehr)
The 1st Mountain Division (1. Gebirgsdivision) was a West German mountain infantry formation. It was part of the II Corps of the Bundeswehr. In the wake of military restructuring brought about by the end of the Cold War, the 1st Mountain Division was disbanded in 2001.


1st Mountain Division (Bundeswehr)
The division was constituted in November 1956 as part of the II Corps of the Bundeswehr. As initially formed, it had two brigade-sized battle-groups, "A8" and "B8" (despite its numerical designation, the division was considered the eighth division of the Bundeswehr). In 1959, the battle-groups were retitled the 22nd and 23rd Mountain Brigades, and the division also took command over the 24th Panzer Brigade. In 1966, the 24th Panzer Brigade was transformed into the 24th Panzergrenadier Brigade.


1st Mountain Division (Bundeswehr)
This structure remained stable until 1981, when the 24th Brigade once again became a Panzer brigade and the 22nd Mountain Brigade was transformed into a Panzergrenadier brigade, leaving only a third of the division's troops as mountain infantry. The 56th Local Defense Brigade was also subordinated to the division. Division headquarters was located at Garmisch-Partenkirchen.


1st Mountain Division (Bundeswehr)
In 1989, division equipment included Bo-105 helicopters, Leopard I tanks, Gepard SP anti-aircraft guns, Fliegerfaust 1 ManPADS, M110 203mm SP howitzers, M109G 155mm SP howitzers, LARS and MARS multiple rocket launch systems, Jaguar SP ATGMs, and Marder IFVs.


1st Mountain Division (Bundeswehr)
With the end of the Cold War, the 22nd Panzergrenadier Brigade was disbanded in 1992. This was followed by the inactivation of the 24th Panzer Brigade in 1994. The division was then merged with Military Readiness Command VI with the 23rd Mountain Brigade, 36th Panzer Brigade, and the 60th Engineer Training Brigade as subordinated components. In 1994 the Wehrbereichskommando VI / 1. Gebirgsdivision (WBK IV/1. GebDiv) headquarters moved into Bayern-Kaserne, Munich.


1st Mountain Division (Bundeswehr)
After 1993, elements of the division saw international service in Somalia, Macedonia, Albania, Kosovo, and Bosnia.


1st Mountain Division (Bundeswehr)
On 30 September 2001 the 1st Mountain Division was disbanded.


1st Mountain Division (Wehrmacht)
The 1st Mountain Division (German: 1. Gebirgs-Division) was an elite formation of the German Wehrmacht during World War II, and is remembered for its involvement in multiple large-scale war crimes. It was created on 9 April 1938 in Garmisch Partenkirchen from the Mountain Brigade (German: Gebirgs Brigade) which was itself formed on 1 June 1935. The division consisted mainly of Bavarians and some Austrians.


1st Mountain Division (Wehrmacht), Poland and France
The 1st Mountain Division fought in the Invasion of Poland as a part of Army Group South and distinguished itself during fighting in the Carpathians and at Lwów. On 8 September 1939 in Rozdziel village it’s soldiers committed a war crime (killing 6 civilians and 3 POWs, burning houses) and attempting to execute another 250 civilians.


1st Mountain Division (Wehrmacht), Poland and France
It subsequently took part in the Battle of France and was selected to take part in the planned operations against the United Kingdom (Operation Sea Lion) and Gibraltar (Operation Felix) but both operations were cancelled. With Felix cancelled, the division took part in the Invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941 as part of the 2nd Army.


1st Mountain Division (Wehrmacht), Eastern Front and Balkans
The 1st Mountain Division participated in Operation Barbarossa, (the invasion of the Soviet Union). On 30 June, the division captured Lviv. There, the Germans discovered several thousand bodies of prisoners who had been executed by the NKVD, as they could not be evacuated.


1st Mountain Division (Wehrmacht), Eastern Front and Balkans
The 1st Mountain Division continued its advance into the Soviet Union, participating in the breakthrough of the Stalin Line and the advance to the Dniepr and Mius rivers. In May 1942, the division  fought in the Second Battle of Kharkov and then participated in the offensive through southern Russia and into the Caucasus (Operation Edelweiss).


1st Mountain Division (Wehrmacht), Eastern Front and Balkans
In a symbolic propaganda move, the division sent a detachment to raise the German flag on Mount Elbrus on 21 August. Although the feat was widely publicized by Goebbels, Hitler was furious over what he called "these crazy mountain climbers," his rage lasting for hours. However, by December 1942 with Soviet forces en-circling the 6th Army at Stalingrad, the 1st Mountain Division, as part of the 17th Army, was ordered to withdraw to the Kuban bridgehead.


1st Mountain Division (Wehrmacht), Eastern Front and Balkans
In April 1943, the division was posted to Yugoslavia, where it participated in the anti-Partisan offensive named Case Black, and later Greece where it took part in anti-partisan operations. In November 1943, the division returned to Yugoslavia, where it took part in operations Operation Kugelblitz, Schneesturm and Waldrausch. In March 1944, the division was engaged in the Operation Margarethe (German occupation of Hungary). After Operation Rübezahl in Yugoslavia in August 1944, the division took part in defensive fighting against the Red Army in the Belgrade Offensive, and suffered severe losses. During the operation, the division commander, General Stettner, was killed in the battle on 17 October on Avala mountain near Belgrade. In late November, it was transferred in Baranja, to the most endangered spot of the German defense.


1st Mountain Division (Wehrmacht), Eastern Front and Balkans
It was renamed 1. Volks-Gebirgs-Division in March 1945. Its final major operations were near Lake Balaton (Operation Spring Awakening) against the 3rd Ukrainian Front. Two months later the division surrendered to the Americans in Austria.


1st Mountain Division (Wehrmacht), War crimes
During the Invasion of Poland, soldiers from the division assisted in the round-up of Jewish civilians from Przemyśl for forced labour, and photos of this were printed in newspapers.


1st Mountain Division (Wehrmacht), War crimes
During the Case Black operation in Yugoslavia, the division and other units committed crimes against prisoners of war and civilians. In the after-battle report on 10 July, the division reported that it took 498 prisoners, 411 of whom were shot.


1st Mountain Division (Wehrmacht), War crimes
On 6 July 1943 a unit from the division attacked the village of Borovë in Albania. All of the houses and buildings were completely burned or otherwise destroyed. Among the 107 inhabitants killed were five entire families. The youngest victim was aged four months, and the oldest 73.


1st Mountain Division (Wehrmacht), War crimes
On 25 July 1943, soldiers from the division attacked the village of Mousiotitsa in Greece after a cache of weapons was found nearby, killing 153 civilians. On 16 August 1943, the village of Kommeno was attacked on the orders of Oberstleutnant Josef Salminger, the commander of GebirgsJäger Regiment 98. A total of 317 civilians were killed.


1st Mountain Division (Wehrmacht), War crimes
Divisional soldiers took part in the murder of thousands of Italians from the 33 Acqui Infantry Division in September 1943 on the Greek island of Cefalonia after the Italian surrender. Divisional soldiers killed 32 officers and an estimated 100 soldiers from the Italian 151 Infantry Division Perugia in Albania after the Italian surrender.


1st Mountain Division (Wehrmacht), War crimes
After the killing of Oberstleutnant Josef Salminger by Greek partisans, the commander of XXII Gebirgs-Armeekorps General der Gebirgstruppe Hubert Lanz ordered, on 1 October 1943, a “ruthless retaliatory action” in a 20 km area around the place where Salminger had been attacked. In the village of Lyngiades, 92 of its 96 residents were executed.


1st Mountain Division (Wehrmacht), War crimes
The Division's war crimes are described in H. F. Meyer's book Bloodstained Edelweiss: The 1st Mountain Division in the Second World War.


1st Mounted Division
The 1st Mounted Division was a Yeomanry Division of the British Army active during World War I. It was formed in August 1914 for the home defence of the United Kingdom from four existing mounted brigades of the Territorial Force, each of three regiments of Yeomanry. The divisional order of battle changed often, as the 1st Line brigades left for service overseas and were replaced by 2nd Line formations. It was converted to the 1st Cyclist Division in July 1916, and was broken up in November 1916 without being involved in active service. It remained in East Anglia throughout its existence.


1st Mounted Division
An unrelated 1st Mounted Division was formed in July 1916, from the 3rd Mounted Division, lasting until September 1917. Another incarnation of 1st Mounted Division was created in April 1918 from the Yeomanry Mounted Division, lasting until July 1918.


1st Mounted Division, History, 1st Mounted Division
The Mounted Division was formed on 5 August 1914, immediately after the outbreak of World War I, from four existing mounted brigades of the Territorial Force – Eastern, 1st South Midland, 2nd South Midland, and Notts. and Derby. It was assembled in East Anglia with Headquarters at Bury St Edmunds and the brigades at Ipswich, Diss and two at Bury. The division was to spend its entire existence in East Anglia.


1st Mounted Division, History, 1st Mounted Division
Later in the month, a decision was made to concentrate mounted troops in the Churn area of Berkshire and at the end of August 1914 these were formed into a new 2nd Mounted Division. The original division was designated as 1st Mounted Division and gained three more 1st Line mounted brigades – South Wales, Welsh Border, and North Midland – to replace the 1st South Midland, 2nd South Midland, and Notts. and Derby brigades.


1st Mounted Division, History, 1st Mounted Division
As the 1st Line mounted brigades left for overseas service, they were replaced by 2nd Line formations. As with other 2nd Line divisions – which the 1st Mounted Division was in all but name – the division experienced considerable problems with regard to equipment and personnel. Even as late as July 1915, some Royal Horse Artillery batteries were without guns, wagons or harnesses, machine guns were lacking and few of the men had fired a recruits' course of musketry.


1st Mounted Division, History, 1st Mounted Division
By the beginning of March 1916, the last 1st Line brigades had left and the division was now composed entirely of 2nd Line formations. On 31 March 1916, the remaining mounted brigades were ordered to be numbered in a single sequence and the division now commanded the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Mounted Brigades.


1st Mounted Division, History, 1st Cyclist Division
In July 1916 there was a major reorganization of 2nd Line yeomanry units in the United Kingdom. All but 12 regiments were converted to cyclists: the rest were dismounted, handed over their horses to the remount depots and were issued with bicycles. The 1st Mounted Division was reorganized as the 1st Cyclist Division, now commanding the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Cyclist Brigades. On reorganisation, 2nd Mounted Brigade – with 2/1st Royal 1st Devon, 2/1st Montgomeryshire and 2/1st Fife and Forfar Yeomanry – was posted to the new 1st Mounted Division (3rd Mounted Division redesignated) and remained mounted. In exchange, the 12th Mounted Brigade (2/1st London) joined as the 4th Cyclist Brigade.


1st Mounted Division, History, 1st Cyclist Division
A further reorganization in November 1916 saw the 1st Cyclist Division broken up. The cyclist brigades were dispersed and the yeomanry regiments were amalgamated in pairs to form Yeomanry Cyclist Regiments in new cyclist brigades.


1st Mounted Division, History, Other formations
Two other divisions of the British Army were named 1st Mounted Division during World War I.


1st Mounted Division, History, Other formations
When the original division was converted to a cyclist division in July 1916, the 3rd Mounted Division was renumbered as the 1st Mounted Division as it was the only remaining mounted division. It, too, was converted to cyclists as The Cyclist Division on 4 September 1917.


1st Mounted Division, History, Other formations
In March 1918, the 1st Indian Cavalry Division was broken up in France. The British units remained on the Western Front and the Indian elements were sent to Egypt. By an Egyptian Expeditionary Force GHQ Order of 12 April 1918, the mounted troops of the EEF were reorganised when the Indian Army units arrived in theatre. On 24 April 1918, the Yeomanry Mounted Division was indianized and its title was changed to 1st Mounted Division. On 22 July 1918, it was renumbered as the 4th Cavalry Division.


1st Mounted Division, Orders of battle
On formation immediately after the outbreak of World War I, the 1st Mounted Division commanded the following units:


1st Mounted Division, Orders of battle
The 1st Mounted Division had the following structure after the departure of three of the original brigades to the 2nd Mounted Division and before the 1st Line mounted brigades started to be replaced by 2nd Line formations:


1st Mounted Division, Orders of battle
The 1st Mounted Division had the following structure after the departure of the last 1st Line mounted brigade and before the mounted brigades were numbered:


1st Mounted Division, Orders of battle
The 1st Mounted Division had the following structure after the mounted brigades were numbered and before it was converted to a cyclist division:


1st Mounted Division, Orders of battle
The 1st Mounted Division was extensively reorganized to form the 1st Cyclist Division. It had the following structure during its brief existence:


1st Mounted Division, Commanders
The 1st Mounted Division / 1st Cyclist Division had the following commanders:


1st Mounted Rifles
The 1st Mounted Rifles (Canterbury Yeomanry Cavalry) were a mounted rifles regiment raised just before World War I, raised and based in the region of Canterbury. It can trace its history back to 1864 with the formation of the Canterbury Yeomanry Cavalry.


1st Mounted Rifles, History, Origins and formation
The Canterbury Yeomanry Cavalry was established as a volunteer corps at Christchurch in 1864. It was the oldest of twelve light cavalry units raised in New Zealand during the second half of the nineteenth century, using the British Yeomanry regiments as a model.


1st Mounted Rifles, History, Origins and formation
While numbering less than 100 men, scattered in small detachments across Canterbury Province, the unit earned a reputation for well drilled smartness and provided honour guards and ceremonial escorts as required. It was brought together for a training camp of eight days each year. A scarlet and blue uniform was worn with black facings and a red plumed helmet.


1st Mounted Rifles, History, Origins and formation
With the introduction of a conscription-based territorial system in 1911-12, the Canterbury Yeomanry Cavalry became "A" Squadron of the 1st Mounted Rifles (Canterbury Yeomanry Cavalry). Following this, the regiment was formed on 17 March 1911.


1st Mounted Rifles, History, World War I
They were mobilised during World War I as a squadron of the Canterbury Mounted Rifles Regiment. They served in the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I and first saw action during the Battle of Gallipoli.


1st Mounted Rifles, History, World War I
As a part of the larger New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade (of the ANZAC Mounted Division) they went on to serve in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign.


1st Mounted Rifles, History, Between the wars
In 1921 they were amalgamated with the 8th (South Canterbury) Mounted Rifles and redesignated the Canterbury Yeomanry Cavalry. By 1942, the regiment, as 1st Light Armoured Fighting Vehicles Regiment (Canterbury Yeomanry Cavalry), was part of the 5th Division's divisional troops, located at Ashburton.


1st Mounted Rifles, History, Between the wars
They were absorbed into the 3rd Armoured Regiment RNZAC on  29 March 1944.


1st Murzino
1st Murzino (Russian: 1-е Мурзино; Bashkir: 1-се Мырҙа, 1-se Mırźa) is a rural locality (a village) in Ufimsky Selsoviet of Khaybullinsky District, Russia. The population was 222 as of 2010.


1st Murzino, Geography
1st Murzino is located 61 km north of Akyar (the district's administrative centre) by road.


1st NWHL All-Star Game
The 1st NWHL All-Star Game took place on January 24, 2016 at HarborCenter in Buffalo, New York. The event featured two 20-minute periods in a 4-on-4 format and a Skills Competition. Team Pfalzer entered the game with a 4-0 lead having won all events in the Skills Competition.


1st NWHL All-Star Game
This edition of the All-Star Game featured a "fantasy draft" format in order to determine the rosters. The team captains were Hilary Knight from the Boston Pride, and forward Emily Pfalzer, also a team captain with the Buffalo Beauts. Team Knight had the first pick overall and selected Kacey Bellamy. The captains each chose 11 players for their team.


1st NWHL All-Star Game, Draft
Each captain had to select at least one player from all four teams in the NWHL. In addition, each captain had to select two goalies among their 11 selections. Two available spots on each team were determined by fan balloting, which took place from December 11–14, 2015, with winning players announced on December 15.


1st NWHL All-Star Game, Draft, Fan voting
Over 62,000 votes were cast in order to select four more players to add to the All-Star Game rosters. Madison Packer and Hayley Williams were assigned to Team Knight, while Morgan Fritz-Ward and Devon Skeat shall suit up with Team Pfalzer.


1st NWHL All-Star Game, Game summary
The starting goaltenders in the contest were Nana Fujimoto for Team Pfalzer and Jaimie Leonoff for Team Knight.


1st NWHL All-Star Game, Game summary
Kelley Steadman would score the first goal in All-Star Game history, providing Team Pfalzer with the lead, as Leonoff allowed said goal. Earning the assists on Steadman's historic goal was Meghan Duggan. Adding to Team Pfalzer's lead was Emily Field, who would also score on Leonoff in the first.


1st NWHL All-Star Game, Game summary
In the second period, Brianne McLaughlin would replace Leonoff for Team Knight, while Brittany Ott stood between the pipes for Team Pfalzer. Along with Blake Bolden, Field and Kaleigh Fratkin, Ott would become one of four women to have competed in the 2015 Women's Winter Classic and the inaugural NWHL All-Star Game.


1st NWHL All-Star Game, Game summary
Steadman would score on McLaughlin, generating the first multi-goal performance in All-Star Game history. Other Team Pfalzer skaters that would score included Shiann Darkangelo and Devon Skeats, who became the first Canadian to score a goal in the NWHL All-Star Game. During the second, Hayley Williams would score the only goal of the game for Team Knight.


1st NWHL All-Star Game, Game summary, Skills competition
Held prior to the game itself, there were four different skills events. Whichever team would prevail in each event would gain one point that would count towards the All-Star Game's final score. Of note, Team Pfalzer captured the win in all four events at the Skills Competition, gaining four points. In the hardest shot competition, Megan Bozek was the winner, with a shot of 88 mph.


1st National Assembly of the Philippines
The First National Assembly of the Philippines (Filipino: Unang Asemblyang Pambansa ng Pilipinas) was the meeting of the legislature of the Commonwealth of the Philippines from November 25, 1935 until August 15, 1938.


1st National Assembly of the Philippines, Legislation
The First National Assembly passed a total of 415 laws: Commonwealth Act Nos. 1 to 415.


1st National Bank of St Lucia
1st National Bank St Lucia Ltd is a St Lucian bank formed in 2005. It was originally established as the St Lucia Cooperative Bank in 1938, making it the oldest indigenous St Lucian bank. In June 2017, it launched a project to strengthen the small and medium-sized business sectors. The next month, it introduced two scholarship programmes, the Ferrel Victor Charles Secondary School Scholarship and the Francis J. Carasco Scholarship.


1st National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
The 1st National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was held in Shanghai and Jiaxing between July 23 and August 2, 1921. The Congress established the Chinese Communist Party. It was succeeded by the 2nd National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. The congress began in a shikumen building of the French Concession area of Shanghai (near present-day Xintiandi in Huangpu District). In early June 1921, Dutch national Henk Sneevliet, also known as Ma Lin, a representative of Comintern, arrived in Shanghai, and urged various Communist cells in the country to get together for a national-level meeting. Russian Comintern representative Nikolski also attended the meeting. At the time, there were 57 members of the Chinese Communist Party. Notably, the two founders of the party did not attend the congress: Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao.


1st National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
The meeting was put to an end due to harassment from the French Concession police on July 30. The delegates then agreed to move the meeting to a rented tourist boat on South Lake in Jiaxing. The Congress elected Chen Duxiu as Secretary (in absentia), Zhang Guotao as Director of Organization, and Li Da as Director of Propaganda.


1st National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
Of the 13 representatives who attended the congress in 1921, only two would be present at the proclamation ceremony of the People's Republic of China 28 years later: Mao Zedong and Dong Biwu. Others either became casualties of war in the decades that followed or left the party in one way or another (e.g. by expulsion or defection).


1st National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
The site of the conference in Shanghai has been converted into a museum since 1961. The South Lake Revolutionary Museum in Jiaxing located on a central island of the lake was constructed in 1959; a complex hosting more exhibits was constructed north of South Lake in 2011, also to commemorate the 1st Congress. The Congress would be followed by the 2nd Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.


1st National Congress of the Kuomintang
The 1st National Congress of the Kuomintang (Chinese: 中國國民黨第一次全國代表大會) was the first national congress of the Kuomintang, held on 20–30 January 1924 at Guangzhou, Guangdong, Republic of China.


1st National Congress of the Kuomintang, Results
During this first congress, the Kuomintang's reorganization process to become the Kuomintang of China (Chinese: 中國國民黨) in 1919 from the previous Chinese Revolutionary Party was formally completed. A policy declaration was also drafted to fight against imperialism and feudalism, determining three policies of alliance with Soviet Union and alliance with the Communist Party of China. This first congress eventually led to the reunification of China four years later after the Northern Expedition.


1st National Congress of the Kuomintang, Results
As time progressed, the Chinese Kuomintang (KMT) lost its grip on China and after its defeat on the Chinese mainland, the party retreated to Taiwan. From 1950 to 1952, the KMT underwent a thorough organizational restructuring. The result was a renewal of its Leninist origins from the previous reorganization in 1924. This came from the help of the Kuomintang Central Reform Committee. The Kuomintang Committee created a variety of direct or indirect controls over the government and society that gave it unquestioned dominance. This eventually led to the party interacting closely with the people on Taiwan as a result of the party recruitment and the implementation of local-level political reforms, two salient agendas that had never taken place in the mainland.


1st National Congress of the Kuomintang, The KMT today
On the first electoral defeat of the age-old Kuomintang (KMT) in the year 2000, many predicted its disintegration. However, as the 2004 election unfolded, many forecast its triumphant return. The party pursued a reform strategy before forging a pact with like-minded parties, and reestablished its leadership among the alliance of political opposition parties. The party itself however, is still going through an identity crisis and is struggling to maintain a foothold in the political format of China.


1st National Congress of the Lao People's Party
The 1st National Congress of the Lao People's Party (LPP) was held in Vientiane on 22 March – 14 April 1955. The congress occurs once every five years. A total of 20 delegates attended the founding congress. In addition to the establishment of the Lao People's Party, its 1st Central Committee was elected at the congress with Kaysone Phomvihane as its General Secretary.


1st National Film Awards
The 1st National Film Awards, presented by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India to felicitate the best of Indian Cinema censored in the year 1953. Ceremony took place at Vigyan Bhavan, New Delhi on 10 October 1954 and awards were given by then President of India, Dr Rajendra Prasad.


1st National Film Awards
Instituted as State Awards for Films, which over the years known as National Film Awards, in its first year, were given in three different categories to honour the films at national level. Films made in all Indian languages were considered for the award. Awards were instituted, in order to encourage the production of the films of a high aesthetic and technical standard and educational and culture value.


1st National Film Awards
Awards were categorised into three categories; Feature films, Documentaries and Children's films, where Gold Medal and Certificate of Merit was awarded in each category. For first two categories, Gold Medal was awarded as President's Gold Medal whereas for Children's films, it was awarded as Prime Minister's Gold Medal. For 1st National Film Awards, Prime Minister's Gold Medal Award for Children's film, though declared as one of the awards, was not given to any film as no film was found to be suitable.


1st National Film Awards
Shyamchi Aai, a Marathi film received an honour to be the first Indian film to receive President's Gold Medal for the All India Best Feature Film, which now better known as National Film Award for Best Feature Film.


1st National Film Awards, Background
India had its first full-length motion picture when Dhundiraj Govind Phalke, popularly known as Dadasaheb Phalke directed and produced a mythological silent film – Raja Harishchandra, released on 3 May 1913, at Coronation Cinema, Mumbai. This is marked as the beginning of the Indian film industry. Though film had female characters, Phalke could not get any female to play these roles. All the female characters were also played by male artists.


1st National Film Awards, Background
The release in 1931 of the first Indian talkie – Alam Ara, produced by the Imperial Film Company, marked as beginning of new era in Indian film industry. The film was released at the Majestic Cinema in Mumbai on 14 March 1931. Over the period, India produced many films and eventually became one of the largest film industries along with Hollywood and Chinese cinema.


1st National Film Awards, Background
With the increasing numbers of films being made, government brought Indian Cinematograph Act of 1918 for the censorship of the film and Central Board of Film Censors, to bring the uniformity into the film for their exhibition.


1st National Film Awards, Background
In 1949, Film Inquiry Committee was appointed by Government of India. Committee then, in one of its recommendations, recommended to institute the State Film Awards, to felicitate the films made in the country in various regional languages in order "to encourage the production of films of aesthetic and technical excellence and social relevance contributing to the understanding and appreciation of cultures of different regions of the country in cinematic form and thereby also promoting integration and unity of the nation".


1st National Film Awards, Juries
A committee of seven members was formed and was headed by Mangal Das Pakvasa as a chairman, for the awards to be given for the films released in the year 1953.


1st National Film Awards, Awards
State Awards for Films were categorised into three categories; Feature films, Documentaries and Children's films.


1st National Film Awards, Awards
President's Gold Medal was given in Feature films and Documentaries categories and for Children's films, it was awarded as Prime Minister's Gold Medal. Certificate of Merit was given in all three categories. Awards were instituted, in order to encourage the production of the films of a high aesthetic and technical standard and educational and culture value.


1st National Film Awards, Awards
President's Gold Medal for the All India Best Feature Film is now better known as National Film Award for Best Feature Film, whereas President's Gold Medal for the Best Documentary Film is analogous to today's National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film. For children's films, Prime Minister's Gold Medal is similar to National Film Award for Best Children's Film. Certificate of Merit in all the categories is discontinued over the years.


1st National Film Awards, Awards, Awards not given
Following awards were not given as no film was found to be suitable for the award:


1st National Film Awards, Award gallery
President's Gold Medal for the All India Best Feature Film is now better known as National Film Award for Best Feature Film


1st National Film Awards, Award gallery
President's Gold Medal for the All India Best Documentary Film is now better known as National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film


1st National Film Awards, Award gallery
Prime Minister's Gold Medal for the All India Best Children's Film is now better known National Film Award for Best Children's Film


1st National Geographic Bee
The 1st National Geographic Bee was held in Washington, D.C. on May 19, 1989, sponsored by the National Geographic Society. The final competition was moderated by Jeopardy! host Alex Trebek. The winner was Jack Staddon of Great Bend Seventh-day Adventist Elementary School in Great Bend, Kansas, who won a $25,000 college scholarship. The 2nd-place winner, Michael Shannon of Reading, Massachusetts, won a $15,000 scholarship. The 3rd-place winner, Kieu Luu of Riverdale, Maryland, won a $10,000 scholarship.


1st National Hockey League All-Star Game
The 1st National Hockey League All-Star Game took place at Maple Leaf Gardens, home of the Toronto Maple Leafs, on October 13, 1947. The game saw the Maple Leafs play a team of NHL all-stars. The All-Stars won the game 4–3.


1st National Hockey League All-Star Game, Founding
The NHL All-Star Game originated from the Players Committee and was approved on May 23, 1947. For the site of the All-Star Charity Game, it was applied for by Toronto and Chicago, with Chicago receiving the second game, in 1948. It was agreed that proceeds would be divided whereby one-third would go to Toronto charities, and two-thirds would go to the Players Emergency (Benevolent and Disability) Fund. At a later meeting in September 1947, the players agreed to set up a pension fund, with $900 from every player going into the fund and 25 cents from the sale of every playoff ticket and the two-thirds of the All-Star Game proceeds to go into the fund.


1st National Hockey League All-Star Game, Pre-game festivities
The players selected for the game attended a Toronto Argonauts-Hamilton Tiger-Cats football game on the day of the Game. That was followed by a dinner at the Royal York Hotel. The players were given miniature engraved gold pucks. There were extra gifts for the Maple Leafs, who had won the Stanley Cup the previous spring. The Leafs received gold cufflinks from the Ontario government and a free lifetime pass from Conn Smythe. Sponsors gave each player a coat, a hat, a table lighter, golf balls, a tie, cigarette boxes, pocket knives, team photos, silver tea trays, engraved gold watches and silver watch chains.


1st National Hockey League All-Star Game, Game description
The All-Stars wore red sweaters with white stars across the chest above a white and red NHL shield, and white and blue stripes running down the shoulders and sleeves. This uniform would be used through the 1955 All-Star Game, and later adapted for the Campbell Conference All-Stars in the 1992 game. The referees wore dark blue sweaters. The Leafs wore their white sweaters.


1st National Hockey League All-Star Game, Game description
The game was well-contested and was physical. Ken Reardon was assessed a major penalty for cutting Bob Goldham on the head after a dirty cross-check. Reardon was involved in a stick-swinging incident between himself and Bill Ezinicki and Gus Mortson. Maurice Richard was placed on a line with Ted Lindsay. The pair, who would often fight it out in regular games did not share a word, according to Richard.


1st National People's Congress
The 1st National People's Congress (simplified Chinese: 第一届全国人民代表大会; traditional Chinese: 第一屆全國人民代表大會; pinyin: Dìyī Jiè Quánguó Rénmín Dàibiǎo Dàhuì) was in session from 1954 to 1959. It held four sessions in this period. There were 1226 deputies to the Congress. These were the first legislative elections to take place after the founding of the People's Republic of China.


1st National People's Congress, Elections to the Congress
In accordance with the rules set by the 1st Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the first set of deputies to the NPC were elected in the spring and summer of 1954, the first elections under the 1953 Electoral Law which set rules for elections in the PRC, by the following:


1st National People's Congress, First Plenary Session
The first plenary session was held in September 1954. The Congress passed the 1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China. It elected the state leaders:


1st National Television Awards
The 1st National Television Awards ceremony was held at the Wembley Conference Centre on 29 August 1995 and was hosted by Eamonn Holmes.


1st Naval Armaments Supplement Programme
The 1st Naval Armaments Supplement Programme (マル1計画, 第一次補充計画, Maru 1 Keikaku, Dai-Ichi-Ji Hojū Keikaku), otherwise known as the "Circle One" plan was the first of four expansion plans of the Imperial Japanese Navy between 1930 and the start of World War II.


1st Naval Armaments Supplement Programme, Background
The London Naval Treaty placed severe restrictions on Japan's naval capabilities vis-a-vis the United States Navy and the British Royal Navy in terms of tonnage and numbers of capital warships. The response of the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff was to initiate a construction program to build new warships to the allotted tonnage limits in each of the restricted categories, and to invest in types of warships and weaponry not specifically covered by the provisions of the treaty.


1st Naval Armaments Supplement Programme, Background
The "Circle One" plan was submitted by the Naval Ministry and approved by the Cabinet in November 1930, and officially ratified by the Diet of Japan in 1931. It called for the construction of 39 new combat vessels, centering on four of the new Mogami-class cruisers, and expansion of the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service to 14 Naval Air Groups. Budget for the construction of the warships was on a six-year basis, and the budget for forming the air groups was on a three-year basis. Total funding allotted was 247,080,000 Yen for ship construction and 44,956,000 Yen for naval aviation expansion.


1st Naval Armaments Supplement Programme, Background
In terms of naval aviation development, the "Circle One" plan also concentrated on the development of new aircraft technologies, especially large seaplanes, land-based bombers, as well as carrier-based attack aircraft and floatplane attack aircraft that could be launched from battleships, cruisers or submarines. Attention was also given to training of pilots and air crews in dive bombing and torpedo tactics.


1st Naval Armaments Supplement Programme, Background
In a 1932 supplement to the Circle One plan, additional funding was added for the construction of three more vessels: the submarine tender Taigei, and two submarine chasers.