2 Corinthians 5
The apostle, in this chapter, enlarges upon the saints' comfortable assurance, expectation, and desire of the heavenly glory; discourses of the diligence and industry of himself and other Gospel ministers in preaching the word, with the reasons that induced them to it; and closes it with a commendation of the Gospel ministry from the important subject, sum, and substance of it.


2 Corinthians 5, Text
The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 21 verses.


2 Corinthians 5, Text, Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:


2 Corinthians 6
2 Corinthians 6 is the sixth chapter of the Second Epistle to the Corinthians in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It is authored by Paul the Apostle and Timothy (2 Corinthians 1:1) in Macedonia in 55–56 CE.


2 Corinthians 6, Text
The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 18 verses.


2 Corinthians 6, Text, Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:


2 Corinthians 6, Verse 2
Paul quotes the first part of  using the Septuagint version. The full text of this verse reads:


2 Corinthians 6, Verse 2
The promised hearing and salvation are offered first to the "suffering servant" in the time of the prophet Isaiah, then to Christ according to Christian interpretation of the servant songs, and finally, here, to the Christian people. Paul adds that the day concerned is "now".


2 Corinthians 6, Verse 14
These verses have been understood in traditional forms of Christianity as prohibiting a marriage between a Christian and a non-Christian.


2 Corinthians 7
2 Corinthians 7 is the seventh chapter of the Second Epistle to the Corinthians in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It is authored by Paul the Apostle and Timothy (2 Corinthians 1:1) in Macedonia in 55–56 CE.


2 Corinthians 7, Text
The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 16 verses.


2 Corinthians 7, Text, Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:


2 Corinthians 7, Verse 1
The New King James Version and the New International Version and biblical commentators Johann Bengel and Heinrich Meyer treat verse 1 as the conclusion of verses 11–18 in the previous chapter:


2 Corinthians 7, Verse 1
God promises to walk in His temple, dwell in His churches, be their God, and they His people, be their Father, and they His "beloved" sons and daughters (2 Corinthians 6:16). Some copies read "brethren" for "beloved", including the Ethiopian version.


2 Corinthians 8
2 Corinthians 8 is the eighth chapter of the Second Epistle to the Corinthians in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It is authored by Paul the Apostle and Timothy (2 Corinthians 1:1) in Macedonia in 55–56 CE. This chapter, and the next one, "are devoted entirely to the topic of generous giving".


2 Corinthians 8, Text
The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 24 verses.


2 Corinthians 8, Text, Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:


2 Corinthians 8, Collection for the Judean Saints
"Next to his ministry of preaching to the Gentiles, Paul's most important activity during his ministry was to collect money for the poor [believers] in Jerusalem." Paul confirms in  that this was a part of his ministry which he considered important and endorsed by the leaders of the church in Jerusalem.


2 Corinthians 9
2 Corinthians 9 is the ninth chapter of the Second Epistle to the Corinthians in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It is authored by Paul the Apostle and Timothy (2 Corinthians 1:1) in Macedonia in 55–56 CE.


2 Corinthians 9
This chapter continues "the topic of generous giving"  commenced in the previous chapter. The eighteenth-century German theologian Johann Salomo Semler suggested that this chapter was a separate letter later inserted into 2 Corinthians. The Jerusalem Bible notes the possibility that chapter 9 was "a short note to the churches of Achaia, being inserted here subsequently to follow the instructions on the same subject ... in chapter 8. The Pulpit Commentary rejects this suggestion.


2 Corinthians 9, Text
The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 15 verses.


2 Corinthians 9, Text, Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:


2 Corinthians 9, Verse 7
Proverbs 22:8 in Septuagint has "God blesses a cheerful man, and a giver", which may be what Paul refers to.


2 Corinthians 9, Verse 15
Paul knew that all the magnificent promises of God were guaranteed through the perfect sacrifice of Christ (cf. ). Thus, that "indescribable free gift" would include all the goodness and loyal love that God would extend to mankind through Jesus. Indeed, that gift is so awe-inspiring that it cannot be fully described in human terms.


2 Countries (2017 film)
2 Countries is a Telugu film directed by N. Shankar starring Sunil and Manisha Raj in the lead roles. It is the remake of the Malayalam film, 2 Countries (2015). The film is also produced by Shankar under the Banner of Mahalakshmi Arts. Gopi Sundar composed music for this film while C. Ram Prasad and Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao handled the cinematography and editing departments respectively. The film released on 29 December 2017.


2 Countries (2017 film), Plot
The plot of the film revolves around Ullas (Sunil), who makes a living by deceiving people in his home town. Money is the only motivator that works for him and he wants it without any risks. For making money he decides to marry a disabled women, Simran. But when a better proposal comes from an Indo-Canadian woman Laya (Manisha Raj), he chooses her. Immigration to Canada and easy money lures him. Only later does Ullas comes to the knowledge that Laya is a chronic alcoholic.


2 Countries (2017 film), Plot
The knowledge of funds deposited in her name, that Laya cannot claim due to her alcoholism, and the possibility of access entices him however and he adjusts with the troubles. In time Ullas falls in love with his alcoholic wife, and the call of a husband makes him care for Laya even in troubles. Laya comes to knowledge about Ullas's original plan through Avinash, Ullas's friend, accidentally. This leads to a divorce case.


2 Countries (2017 film), Plot
Initially Ullas gains the upper hand from the court, citing his wife is an alcoholic and she needs treatment and that the divorce case is resistance towards it. Laya gets treated through a de-addiction center. By the guidance of the doctor, Ullas goes with the divorce process to help Laya. Ullas returns and decides to marry Simran. Later Laya understands about the role of Ullas for her wellness, through certain unexpected turn of events they get together again.


2 Countries (2017 film), Soundtrack
The soundtrack was composed by Gopi Sundar and it consists of five songs. Lyrics for one song N. Shankar.


2 Countries (2017 film), Reception
The Times of India "(g)ives this one a miss unless you have time to kill and want to watch this film just for Sunil." "telugu360.com" reviewed the movie as a disappointing comedy film! and gave a rating of 2/5.


2 Cowboys
Two Cowboys was a short-lived Italian Eurodance project known for their hit single "Everybody Gonfi-Gon". The group was composed of Maurizio Braccagni and Roberto Gallo Salsotto.


2 Cute Shinseinaru Best Album
2 Cute Shinseinaru Best Album (2℃-ute神聖なるベストアルバム, Ni Kyūto Shinseinaru Besuto Arubamu, "Two. Cute's Divine Best Album") is the second compilation album by the Japanese girl group Cute, released on November 21, 2012.


2 Cute Shinseinaru Best Album, Background
The  album is primarily a compilation of Cute's hit songs. The older songs were remixed with new vocal tracks, some were-arranged. The album also contains one new song, titled "Daisuki no Imi o Oshiete".


2 Cute Shinseinaru Best Album, Release information
The album was released in three versions: Regular Edition and Limited Editions A and B. The regular edition is CD-only, both limited editions include a DVD. All editions will include a randomly seeded trading card (of 5 types total).


2 Cute Shinseinaru Best Album, Track listing
All tracks are written by Tsunku (except "Edo no Temari Uta II", written by Osamu Yoshioka and composed by Ryudo Uzaki).


2 Cygni
2 Cygni is a blue-white hued star in the northern constellation of Cygnus, located a few degrees from Albireo. It is a probable astrometric binary; the visible component can be viewed with the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 4.976. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 3.6 mas, it is located roughly 910 light years from Earth. It has a peculiar velocity of 23 km/s and may be a runaway star system.


2 Cygni
The stellar classification of the primary is B3 IV, matching a B-type subgiant star. It has seven times the mass of the Sun and about 5.6 times the Sun's radius. The star is 37 million years old with a high rate of spin; it has a projected rotational velocity of 137 km/s. It is radiating 3,354 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 16,479 K.


2 Days & 1 Night
2 Days & 1 Night (Korean: 1박 2일; also known as 1 Night 2 Days; abbreviated as 1N2D) is a South Korean reality-variety show that airs on KBS2 beginning August 5, 2007. 1 Night 2 Days is one of the two segments (the other segment is The Return of Superman) on Happy Sunday, airing at 6:25pm KST once a week. The episodes are also uploaded with English subtitles weekly on YouTube through KBS World's official channel. The show's current cast members are Kim Jong-min, Yeon Jung-hoon, Moon Se-yoon, Kim Seon-ho, DinDin and Ravi. The show's motto is "Real Wild Road Variety." Its main concept is to recommend various places of interest that viewers can visit in South Korea. Filming for every new trip is usually done 2 weeks prior to broadcast on KBS2.


2 Days & 1 Night
1 Night 2 Days has gained much popularity and has garnered high viewer ratings. Along with The Return of Superman, the show's third season helped revive and maintain KBS2 Happy Sunday ratings, beating out competition from other major networks since its first episode.


2 Days & 1 Night, Synopsis
Although there were multiple member line-up changes through each season, 1 Night 2 Days has mostly kept its format. The cast members take various trips throughout South Korea, including many offshore islands. While doing so, members also perform missions at a certain mealtime or point of the day to earn rewards (ex. foods that are famous in the region they visit) and to avoid punishments (ex. going into the water). Guests can be invited not only by the production team but also by the members themselves if they meet the criteria of the episode's concept (ex. ep 396-399).


2 Days & 1 Night, History
Before 2 Days & 1 Night was first aired, it was preceded by Are You Ready which featured four of the six 2 Days & 1 Night Season 1 members (Kang Ho-dong, Lee Soo-geun, Kim Jong-min, and Eun Jiwon). Are You Ready was canceled due to low viewership ratings and was replaced by 2 Days & 1 Night after 12 episodes. Singer and actor Lee Ji-hoon was offered to join the cast of 1 Night 2 Days but rejected the role to take a role on MBC drama New Heart instead.


2 Days & 1 Night, History
Season 1 premiered on August 5, 2007 with cast members Kang Ho-dong, Lee Soo-geun, Kim Jong-min, Eun Jiwon, Noh Hong-chul, Ji Sang-ryul, and Sanggeun the dog mascot. The show later experienced a number of cast member changes. Season 1 broadcast its final episode on February 26, 2012.


2 Days & 1 Night, History
Season 2 premiered on March 4, 2012 with returning members Lee Soo-geun, Kim Jong-min, and Uhm Tae-woong, who were joined by new members Kim Seung-woo, Cha Tae-hyun, Sung Si-kyung, and Joo Won. Kim Seung-woo left the show in March 2013 to focus on his acting career. He was replaced by fellow actor Yoo Hae-jin. Season 2 officially wrapped up on November 24, 2013.


2 Days & 1 Night, History
Season 3 premiered on December 1, 2013, with returning members Cha Tae-hyun and Kim Jong-min, and new members Kim Jun-ho, Kim Joo-hyuk, Jung Joon-young, and Defconn. On November 22, 2015, Kim Joo-hyuk left the cast of season 3 on their two-year anniversary, as he filmed his last episodes on November 20 and 21. Yoon Shi-yoon was then rumored to be in talks to join the show and officially became the new member in April 2016.


2 Days & 1 Night, History
Jung Joon-young left the show on September 29, 2016 due to his scandal regarding a "sexual offence" charged by his former girlfriend, of which he was later cleared of. On January 7, 2017, a production member confirmed that Joon-young will return to the show, already having recorded an episode the previous day. Jung Joon-young was permanently removed on March 12, 2019 by the production team due to his involvement in the Burning Sun scandal concerning non-consensual filming during sex and covert distribution of said illegal videos).


2 Days & 1 Night, History
As a result, KBS announced on March 15 that they are halting the production and broadcast of 2 Days & 1 Night until further announcement is made. The chatroom exposé also affected members Cha Tae-hyun and Kim Jun-ho with allegations of golf gambling in large amounts, resulting in both of them quitting all their television programs, including 2 Days & 1 Night where they were cast members with Jung, with immediate effect. This marked the abrupt end of Season 3, unlike the two previous seasons having traditional farewell episodes. This also marked the end of Defconn, Yoon Shi-yoon and Lee Yong-jin's run with the show. It was revealed in April 2021 that Lee Yong-jin, who joined the cast as an intern on December 30, 2018, was set to be a permanent cast member of Season 3.


2 Days & 1 Night, History
Season 4 was confirmed in November 2019 with Kim Jong-min returning with new members Yeon Jung-hoon, Moon Se-yoon, Kim Seon-ho, DinDin and Ravi. The new cast filmed the first episode on November 12, 2019 which had its first broadcast on December 8, 2019.


2 Days & 1 Night, Broadcast
KBS Drama, KBS Joy has often aired re-runs of 1 Night 2 Days. U-KBS HERAT, a DMB, a digital radio transmission technology developed by South Korea, channel aired the show daily from Monday to Friday at 8:00 p.m. – 9:00 p.m. and recorded the show as one of the "fun to watch" re-runs. KBS World, the international broadcasting service provided by KBS, also started airing English-subtitled episodes (usually 2–4 weeks after the original broadcast) of the show starting from Episode 35 titled as 2 Days and 1 Night.


2 Days & 1 Night, Broadcast
With 1 Night 2 Days being well received, KBS Joy launched a "female version" of 1 Night 2 Days called 다녀오겠습니다. The first season aired between January 12, 2009 and April 29, 2009. The first season's members were gagwoman Kim Sook, Kim E-Z (former member of Baby V.O.X. ), Jeong Jung-ah, Bronwyn Mullen (Afrikaaner ethnicity and member on Global Talk Show), Polina Lipina (Russian ethnicity and member on Global Talk Show), and Kim Ji Hye (member of Korean girl group Cats). Season 2 aired from June 3 to September 16, 2009 with two members from Season 1, Kim Sook and Kim E-Z, and new members, actress and singer Yoo Chae-yeong, movie actress Seo Young, gagwoman Kwon Jin-young, and Kang Ye-bin.


2 Days & 1 Night, Criticism of Season 1, Concept
During the early days of 1 Night 2 Days, the show was heavily compared with  SBS's Good Sunday's Family Outing and MBC's Infinite Challenge, particularly because Noh Hong-chul was part of both 1 Night 2 Days and Infinite Challenge (which aired on Sundays and Saturdays, respectively). However, the concept of the three shows is different. The concept of 1 Night 2 Days is traveling on a trip with families and friends, while Infinite Challenge is a challenge-based variety program with 7 men competing in games.


2 Days & 1 Night, Criticism of Season 1, Smoking and profanity
The episode which aired on July 6, 2008 gained a lot of criticism from viewers because of a smoking scene. On their trip to Baekdusan, Korea, a scene of MC Mong smoking in the bus was not edited and was aired. In 2004, all 3 major broadcasting stations, KBS, MBC and SBS, agreed to prohibit smoking scenes being aired before midnight. The variety program's directors made an official apology on July 7 for not properly editing the scene before airing the program and it will never occur again.


2 Days & 1 Night, Criticism of Season 1, Smoking and profanity
Viewers protested about the "violent scene" on episode 51, which aired July 20, 2008. The scene was a hidden prank of Kang Ho-dong and Kim C getting into an argument to fool the new director who had joined the show. The production team stated that the fight was not intentional and it left good memories.


2 Days & 1 Night, Criticism of Season 1, Smoking and profanity
On the episode aired September 21, 2008, scenes of Lee Soo-geun smoking in the village was caught on tape and aired. On the episode aired December 7, 2008, more drinking and smoking scenes appeared. It was deemed unsuitable for families watching the show with their children. In the March 15, 2009 episode, it was said that Kang Ho-dong had uttered the profanity "XX-bitch" in one of the scenes. But the production team denied that Kang Ho-dong had said such a thing on the show and that it was just noises during the car ride.


2 Days & 1 Night, Criticism of Season 1, Antarctic trip
It was announced that on March 9, 2010, the cast and crew of 1 Night 2 Days will take a trip to Antarctica to visit the King Sejong Station. Viewers' opinions were mixed, with some thinking it will be a great experience while others think they should not go. Nonetheless, the production team still had plans to leave on March 9 for the beginning of filming.


2 Days & 1 Night, Criticism of Season 1, Antarctic trip
A small group of the production team even left in February for Chile to prepare for the trip, but they had no choice but to leave and return to Korea after staying in Chile for a week. The reason was due to a blizzard that prevented them from taking a flight to Antarctica from Chile. The production crew had bought brand new HD cameras, lighting equipment and microphones to film the beauty of Antarctica and bring the best resolution to viewers. However, due to the 2010 Chile earthquake on February 27, the production crew had to search for alternate routes to get to Antarctica. Unfortunately, it was announced that the crew had decided to cancel their trip.


2 Days & 1 Night, Media response and reception
On December 27, 2008 at the 2008 KBS Entertainment Awards, all six cast members were present at the award show and performed "No Matter What" by Park Sang-chul. The show took home five awards – Best Newcomer (Variety), Best Variety Show Writer, Top Popularity Award, Viewer's Choice Program, and the Grand Prize (Daesang). In the Top Popularity Award category, three out of the four nominees were from 1 Night 2 Days – Eun Jiwon, MC Mong, and Lee Seung-gi, for which Lee won the award. The Viewer's Choice Program was based on viewer's votes through surveys and SMS. Happy Sunday ended up with 108.3% of the votes, and trailing behind them with 40.3% of the votes was Happy Together (Gag Concert with 33.1% of votes, A Chat with Beauties with 12.9% of the votes and Sang Sang Plus with 5.3% of the votes).


2 Days & 1 Night, Media response and reception
2 Days & 1 Night's third season received much positive response. The first episode of 1 Night 2 Days received very high viewer ratings of 14.3% when it first aired in December 2013. At the end of 2014, Happy Sunday segments (1 Night 2 Days and The Return of Superman) wrapped up with ratings of 17.9%, followed by SBS Good Sunday (K-pop Star 4 and Running Man) with 12.1% and MBC Sunday Night (7.8%) with Real Men and Dad, Where Are You Going? In March 2015, KBS's Happy Sunday was in first place in terms of viewer ratings with 14.7%, beating out SBS's Good Sunday (Running Man and Take Care Of My Dad) with 11.1% and MBC's Sunday Night (Animals and Real Men) with 8.4%.


2 Days & 1 Night, Digital single
A digital single of the show's theme song was released on March 29, 2010 and was first heard on episode 135, which was aired March 28, 2010. The title of the song is called "Let's Go Paradise" and is sung by Gil Hak-mi (a contestant on Mnet's talent show Superstar K Season 1) and Han Bora (from AB Avenue).


2 Days & 1 Night, Digital single
On the episodes 486-488 which were aired March 5, 12, and 19, 2017, Season 3 members had been given a mission to make an OST for their 10th Anniversary. With the help of several musicians, they succeeded the mission. Producing 3 songs, namely , , and .


2 Days & 1 Night, Awards and recognitions
In 2018, the show received a Presidential Commendation from the South Korean Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism for the show's effort of promoting tourism since 2007.


2 Days & 1 Night (Chinese TV series)
2 Days & 1 Night (Chinese: 2天1夜) is a Chinese variety show. It is based on the South Korean reality show 2 Days & 1 Night and it is broadcast on Sichuan Television.


2 Days & 1 Night (Chinese TV series), Synopsis
The cast members have made various trips throughout Sichuan's major landmarks and complete for transportation, food, services, sleeping location, etc.


2 Days in April
2 Days in April is a double album by a free jazz quartet consisting of saxophonists Fred Anderson and Kidd Jordan, bassist William Parker and drummer Hamid Drake, documenting two 1999 concerts at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology at Cambridge. It was released on Eremite, a label founded by producer Michael Ehlers. Anderson and Jordan first meeting was at a mid-80s AACM concert in Chicago, but this is their first recording together.


2 Days in April, Reception
There isn't anything remotely 'inside' about the playing on these two CDs. They are documents of concerts in which two brilliant veteran saxophonists engaged each other, stretched each other's musical vocabularies to the breaking point and pushed their rhythm section into places they hadn't dreamed of going before.


2 Days in New York
2 Days in New York is a 2012 romantic comedy film co-written and directed by Julie Delpy. It is a sequel to Delpy's 2007 film 2 Days in Paris.


2 Days in New York, Plot
Parisian Marion is living in New York with her son, in order to be closer to Jack, the boy's father (Marion's ex-boyfriend from 2 Days in Paris). She and her new boyfriend Mingus have a cozy relationship until the arrival of Marion's father, sister and sister's boyfriend, on vacation from France. The group's two days together are tested by "unwitting racism and sexual frankness", with no one left unscathed.


2 Days in New York, Festival and theatrical releases
2 Days in New York premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 23, 2012. The film was shown April 26, 2012 at the Tribeca Film Festival and May 21, 2012 at the Seattle International Film Festival.


2 Days in New York, Festival and theatrical releases
2 Days in New York went into theatrical release in France on March 28, 2012, and in the United Kingdom on May 18, 2012. It was scheduled for release in the United States on August 10, 2012.


2 Days in New York, Festival and theatrical releases
Following the film's Sundance premiere, distribution rights in Scandinavian and Baltic countries were acquired by Stockholm-based NonStop Entertainment.


2 Days in New York, Reception
According to Steve Rose of The Guardian, "Delpy's alter ego Marion" is a "lovable mess of neurotic babble, intellectual uncertainty and unmanageable lies"; the film is a "delightfully eccentric comedy,...big on laughs, low on pretense, exaggerated but emotionally sincere—not least in Delpy's dealing with the death of her mother (in real life as well as in the movie). We've rarely seen comedy this smart since Woody Allen and Seinfeld left New York."


2 Days in New York, Reception
Total Film's Neil Smith said the film is a "haphazard meditation on Franco-American relations, which hurls screwball situations, oddball cameos and the odd one-liner liberally at the screen without much caring if any of them stick." Smith concludes "what it all adds up to is an anything goes take on modern relationships with a side order of broad stereotype. Expect to be amused and bemused in equal quantities and you'll be amply entertained."


2 Days in Paris
2 Days in Paris is a 2007 romantic comedy-drama film written, produced, and directed by Julie Delpy, who also edited the film, composed the soundtrack and played the leading female role. The film also stars Adam Goldberg and Daniel Brühl. It was followed by the 2012 sequel 2 Days in New York.


2 Days in Paris, Premise
Marion is a French-born photographer living in New York City with her neurotic, hypochondriacal, chain-smoking, heavily tattooed American interior designer boyfriend Jack. After a markedly unromantic trip to Venice, which was planned to re-ignite the passion in their relationship, they take a night train to Paris to pick up Marion's cat from her parents and decide to stay for two days. Jack is startled to learn Marion has remained in contact with numerous ex-lovers and becomes increasingly uncomfortable due to the language barrier and a multitude of her old flames she keeps meeting. Meanwhile, Marion wrestles with her own insecurities about love, relationships, and her impulsive nature.


2 Days in Paris, Production
The film was shot on location in Paris. Sites included Gare Du Nord train station, Pasteur station in the Paris Métro and the grave of Jim Morrison in Père Lachaise Cemetery. Marie Pillet and Albert Delpy, who portray Marion's parents, are Julie Delpy's real-life parents. It was produced by Christophe Mazodier with his company Polaris Film Production & Finance.


2 Days in Paris, Distribution
The film premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival. It went into theatrical release in Germany on 17 May 2007 and was shown at the Seattle International Film Festival, the Tremblant Film Festival in Canada, the Los Angeles Film Festival, and Paris Cinéma before going into theatrical release in France on 11 July and the United States on 10 August.


2 Days in Paris, Critical response
Reviews were mostly positive. In the Chicago Sun-Times, Roger Ebert called Julie Delpy "an original, a woman who refuses to be defined or limited" and said she "has made a smart film with an edge to it... What she has done here is avoid all temptation to recycle the usual lovers-in-Paris possibilities, and has created two original, quirky characters so obsessed with their differences that Paris is almost a distraction."


2 Days in Paris, Critical response
Stephen Holden of The New York Times said the film "is an inside-out version of the much-admired Richard Linklater films Before Sunrise and Before Sunset, in which Ms. Delpy and Ethan Hawke portray a French-American pair who meet, part and reunite years later. Where Mr. Linklater's movies were weepies for the kind of educated, upscale young cosmopolites who have a soft spot for romances like Casablanca, Ms. Delpy's examination of modern love among the almost young and still restless is bracingly hard-headed."


2 Days in Paris, Critical response
In her review for the Los Angeles Times, Carina Chocano said, "At first blush, 2 Days in Paris looks like it's going to be the story of a culture-clashing couple. But slowly and rather slyly, Delpy zeros in on something much more subtle and complex. What interests her are not the superficial differences between people from different countries... but the way in which the distances between people, genders and cultures (the very distances we rely on to grant us the perspective needed to see how completely insane other people, genders, cultures really are) seem to shift constantly according to circumstances."


2 Days in Paris, Awards and nominations
Julie Delpy was nominated for the César Award for Best Writing, the European Film Awards Audience Award for Best Film, and the Independent Spirit Award for Best First Film. The film won the Coup de Cœur Award from the Mons International Festival of Love Films. It also won the Prix Jacques Prévert du Scénario for Best Original Screenplay in 2008.


2 Days in Paris, Sequel
In February 2010, it was announced a sequel titled 2 Days in New York was in production. Actress/director Delpy re-teamed with Polaris Film to produce the "atypical sequel." She directed the sequel in Manhattan in October and reprised her role as Marion, a Frenchwoman who now finds herself in New York with her child and a new guy, having broken up with her 2 Days in Paris lover (and the father of her child) who was played by Goldberg.


2 Days in Paris, Sequel
"It's about the difficulty of relationships but also about the main character's evolution in general. It's a very modern story about the complexities of being a woman and not being completely consumed by your partner," Delpy explained. Comedian Chris Rock confirmed on The Howard Stern Show on 8 November 2010 that he was set to play the "new guy" in the film. Other members of the Paris cast, including Delpy's real father Albert, returned to their same roles for the film.


2 Days in the Valley
2 Days in the Valley is a 1996 American crime film written and directed by John Herzfeld. It depicts 48 hours in the lives of a group of people in the San Fernando Valley who are drawn together by a murder.


2 Days in the Valley, Plot
Two hitmen, Lee Woods (James Spader) and Dosmo Pizzo (Danny Aiello), walk into a bedroom where a sleeping couple, aspiring Olympic athlete Becky Foxx (Teri Hatcher) and her ex-husband Roy Foxx (Peter Horton) are in bed. Lee injects Becky with a tranquilizer then shoots Roy in the head. Lee and Dosmo then drive to an abandoned area off Mulholland Drive, where Lee shoots Dosmo and blows up the car in order to set Dosmo up as the fall guy for the murder. Lee flees the scene with his girlfriend, Helga Svelgen (Charlize Theron).


2 Days in the Valley, Plot
Dosmo was wearing a bulletproof vest and survived the shooting and car explosion. He seeks shelter at the mansion of wealthy art dealer, Allan Hopper (Greg Cruttwell) where he takes Hopper and his assistant, Susan Parish (Glenne Headly) hostage. Dosmo is unaware that Hopper has called his sister, Audrey Hopper (Marsha Mason) a nurse, to come to the house. On her way, Audrey picks up Teddy Peppers (Paul Mazursky) a down-and-out TV producer contemplating suicide.


2 Days in the Valley, Plot
Meanwhile, Becky awakens and discovers Roy's body in bed beside her. She runs from her house and flags down two detectives, young, ambitious Wes Taylor (Eric Stoltz) and cynical veteran Alvin Strayer (Jeff Daniels) who are driving by. Although he is sympathetic, Wes begins to suspect that Becky knows more than she is saying. Becky, who had hired Lee and Dosmo to kill Roy for $30,000, was unaware that they would kill Roy in her own house.


2 Days in the Valley, Plot
Lee goes back to the house to get the money, encounters homicide detectives Creighton (Keith Carradine) and Carla Valenzuela (Ada Maris) working the crime scene, and kills them both. Wes decides to return to the crime scene to see if he can offer any insight on the case. Masquerading as one of the detectives, Lee lures Wes outside, intending to kill him.


2 Days in the Valley, Plot
Becky and Helga get into an argument, which escalates into a fight. After being smashed over the head with a vase by Becky, Helga reaches across the bed to grab her gun from her purse, but Becky realizes this and runs and grabs the gun as well to prevent herself from being shot. In a confused fight for the gun, Helga ends up getting shot and wounded, after which Becky escapes from the hotel with Helga shooting at her from the doorway of the room multiple times but missing with each shot.


2 Days in the Valley, Plot
Helga finds her way to Becky's house, where Lee has knocked Wes unconscious. Lee reluctantly decides to kill Helga instead of taking her to the hospital, concluding that her wound is too severe to be treated, but his gun jams. He turns to retrieve Wes's gun but finds that Helga has escaped and has flagged down a passing car containing Dosmo and his hostages. Audrey jumps out of the car and tries to help the dying Helga, but Helga dies on the roadside.


2 Days in the Valley, Plot
Wes is caught in the  middle of a shootout between Dosmo and Lee, and is shot in the legs. Just before Lee can kill Dosmo, Teddy shoots Lee, killing him.


2 Days in the Valley, Plot
A grateful Wes allows Dosmo to take the $30,000 and escape with Susan, the following day, Teddy shows up to an anniversary party that Audrey is attending. As Susan and Dosmo drive down a highway, Dosmo contemplates using the money to start a pizzeria in Brooklyn; Susan smiles and he kisses her.


2 Days in the Valley, Reception
The film was given mixed reviews from critics, with a 63% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 58 reviews. Writing in The New York Times, Stephen Holden wrote the film "lacks the humanity of Short Cuts or the edgy hipness of Pulp Fiction, but it is still a sleek, amusingly nasty screen debut by a filmmaker whose television credits include an Amy Fisher melodrama." Roger Ebert gave the film three stars out of four on his rating scale, saying that it "looks like a crime movie, but crime is the medium, not the message". Teri Hatcher's performance earned her a Golden Raspberry Award nomination for Worst Supporting Actress.


2 Days in the Valley, Music and Score
Jerry Goldsmith composed an original orchestral score for 2 Days in the Valley that was rejected in post-production. The released film features a rock-oriented score composed by Anthony Marinelli. Goldsmith's score was released in complete form by the soundtrack label Intrada Records in 2012. A track was used from Waterlily Acoustic's album, Mumtaz Mahal, featuring Taj Mahal, Chitravina N. Ravikiran and Vishwa Mohan Byatt.


2 Days or Die
2 Days or Die is an album that was released on February 25, 2004 by Atlas Plug. The album was originally released only as a digital release (MP3), and later on CD.


2 Days or Die
The album was mostly overlooked by mainstream reviewers, although it did receive some positive coverage.


2 Days or Die, Appearances
"The Ace the Only" made its appearance in Project Gotham Racing 3 and MLB 2006 as an in game soundtrack. "2 Days or Die" as the opening title for Microsoft's Xbox racing game Rallisport Challenge. ' Halfway Till Bliss' was featured in TimeShift. Crackdown features the songs"Halfway Till Bliss""The Ace The Only""Rule The World""Get Rolled On"


2 Die 4
2 Die 4 is a novel by British author Nigel Hinton first published in 2009. It follows the story a fourteen year boy named Ryan who bought a high tech mobile phone but it negatively affected him and made scary things happen.


2 Die 4, Concept
The author based the novel on the way someone calls but stays silent and imagined how scary it would be if someone kept doing that. He also based it on how mobile phones can be fun and useful yet users can be traced by the signal from them. He imagined if someone scary and dangerous traced them then worked from there.


2 Die 4, Plot
At a car boot sale Ryan came across a mobile phone with a large screen and gold casing. The salesman told him it had features like voice control, Television, music and video downloads and satellite tracking. He was willing to sell it for £30 and knocked it to £20 seeing Ryan's surprised look. At that point Ryan was sure it was stolen but the salesman persuaded to try it and Ryan saw the model number DIAVOLO 666. Ryan was then told the phone did not need charging and calls and texts were free. In the end he got it for £10 and the salesman left immediately. At home Ryan found that the phone had a channel called Diavolo Special that showed violent and pornographic films.


2 Die 4, Plot
That night the phone's screen flashed on and off with a figure somewhere between a man and a goat. Ryan got the feeling that something was in his bedroom when the light was off. Then the nightmares began. The phone appeared to read Ryan's mind switching to the channel reflecting his thoughts but switched to Diavolo Special most. One night the phone woke Ryan then it displayed the Goat-Man and a creature between a dragon and a dinosaur with sharp teeth. Once again he had the feeling of scary beings in his room.


2 Die 4, Plot
From that point he slept with the light on. From the next morning the phone displayed the Goat-Man when Ryan turned it on. One morning the number 23 appeared under the face. For the next three mornings two new numbers appeared until it stopped at 23553110. Ryan could not make any sense out of it. Two days later the word PAYBACK appeared above the digits.


2 Die 4, Plot
On his way out of the shopping centre Ryan saw the flying creature from the phone. He saw it prey on two starlings but no one else in the street noticed. Ryan saw the creature again but none of his friends could see it. His mother Jenny asked why Ryan left the light on and her boyfriend Colin, who Ryan did not get along with, suggested he might be having panic attacks having experienced them himself at Ryan's age. This finally gave Ryan a reason to like him.


2 Die 4, Plot
One day Ryan felt unsafe at home alone with the impression of the scary beings around. He typed the number 23553110 into the phone's Sat Spy thinking it might be a postcode but the phone came out with the sound of screaming people. One morning the phone rang and when Ryan answered the words 'The time is nearly up.' came in a menacing whisper. Ryan became fearful that he was going to die but did not want to give up the phone. The phone rang and played the same message about time nearly up when he was left home alone.


2 Die 4, Plot
During the day on Halloween Ryan used the phone's Sat Spy to track his friends and joined them at the bowling alley. That evening Ryan went to a party at Brandon's house after Colin convinced his mother to let him go. A girl named Danielle pointed out that Ryan's phone appeared to display the time but it was an hour ahead. Ryan realised that it meant the payback was to take place at 23:55 that evening.


2 Die 4, Plot
Ryan left to get home before the payback fearing that something was going to happen. He took the bus to the station car park and cut across the industrial estate. Ryan phoned home where Colin answered and agreed to meet him on his way. He got the impression that the flying creature was hovering around. Just before leaving the estate a man confronted Ryan with a knife and demanded he handed over his money. He was unhappy with the small amount and felt Ryan's phone. Ryan handed it over and told him how to use it. The thief got the same nosebleed Ryan had when he got the phone then he ordered Ryan to lie flat and not follow him.


2 Die 4, Plot
As the thief reached the road the phone gave out a high-pitched whine then the flying creature went towards him. The thief tried to escape but the creature pushed him onto the main road where he was hit by a car then run over by a van. At the crash site Ryan found the crushed remains of the phone which melted into the tarmac. Colin met him there and the two of them walked home.


2 Different Tears
2 Different Tears is an extended play by South Korean girl group the Wonder Girls. The title track was written and produced by J.Y. Park. It was simultaneously released internationally on May 15, 2010 in English, Korean and Chinese. It was the first release to member Hyelim who replaced former member, Sunmi, after she departed from the group on February 2010. The EP also contained a 2009 English version of their number one single "Nobody".


2 Different Tears, Background and release
"2 Different Tears" continues the retro theme of the Wonder Girls, including the 1980s inspired "Tell Me" and the 1960s, Motown-inspired "Nobody", by using a disco theme. The concept was created by Sohee and Yubin who describe it as a "more sophisticated and mature, modern feel." The music uses melodies similar to the Hustle. The lyrics speak about remembering a lost love.


2 Different Tears, Background and release
Stylistically, the Wonder Girls used a retro 1980s denim look to promote the song as shown on the single cover and in the accompanying music video. The single release also included the English versions of previous singles "So Hot and "Tell Me" and as well as remixes of the title track and "Nobody". After the singles' release in Korea, the Wonder Girls embarked on their North American tour.


2 Different Tears, Background and release
EP was released in United States for digital download via iTunes Store on May 15, 2010. Following day, it was released digitally worldwide and physically in South Korea. In June 2010, it was released physically in China and in August 2010 in Philippines through MCA Music and Universal Music Group. It was promoted with Wonder Girls World Tour.


2 Different Tears, Music video
The music video was directed by Jang Jae-hyeok, who had previously collaborated with the group on videos "Irony", "So Hot", and "Nobody". The video was filmed in Korean, English, and Chinese, and features cameo appearances by Bobby Lee and Park Jin-young. The video parodies the classic American television series Charlie's Angels. The group members wear 1980s inspired clothing, make-up and hairstyles.


2 Different Tears, Commercial performance
The single debuted on South Korea's Gaon Single Chart at number one for the week ending May 22, 2010. "2 Different Tears" stayed at the top of the chart for three consecutive weeks until it was replaced by IU and Seulong's "Nagging" on June 6, 2010. By the end of 2010, the single had sold 2,790,298 digital copies and 28,594 physical copies, becoming the sixth best-seller of the year in the country.


2 Different Tears, Commercial performance
In the United States, the single failed to chart on the Billboard Hot 100 however the album placed at number 21 on the Heatseekers Albums chart on July 7, 2010. In Canada, "2 Different Tears" debuted at number 6 on the Canadian Singles Chart on May 20, 2010.


2 Division (Nigeria)
The 2 Division, Nigerian Army is a division, active since the Nigerian Civil War. Its headquarters are now at Ibadan in the South-West. The current General Officer Commanding is Major General AB Omozoje .


2 Division (Nigeria)
The division is "charged with the responsibility of securing its Area of Responsibility (AOR) covering the South Western flank of Nigeria and also ensuring that the borders located in its AOR are secured. The division is a mechanized infantry (sic: formation) with affiliated combat support and combat service support units."


2 Division (Nigeria)
The division previously included 32 Artillery Brigade at Abeokuta. 2nd Division also possibly includes 4 Brigade at Benin City, with 19 Battalion at Okitipupa and 195 Battalion at Agenebode.


2 Division (Nigeria)
In 2018, the annual 2 Division Army Inter Brigade Warrant Officers and Senior Non-Commissioned Officers Competition was announced to be held from August 13–17. Participants were to be 4 Brigade Benin, 22 Brigade Ilorin, 42 Brigade Akure, 42 Engineer Brigade Ibadan, 52 Signal Brigade Ibadan and the 2 Division Garrison, Ibadan.


2 Dope Queens
2 Dope Queens is a podcast hosted by Jessica Williams and Phoebe Robinson that aired between April 4, 2016, and November 14, 2018.


2 Dope Queens
For the first seven days following the podcast's launch, it was number one on the iTunes podcast charts. It is produced by WNYC Studios. The podcast features female comedians, comedians of color, and LGBT comedians, in an effort to represent people from different backgrounds. The podcast's guests include Jon Hamm, Nick Kroll, LeVar Burton, Naomi Ekperigin, Nore Davis, Aparna Nancherla, Marc Maron, and Michelle Buteau. 2 Dope Queens is WNYC Studios' first comedy podcast.


2 Dope Queens
On June 27, 2016, Sooo Many White Guys, the first 2 Dope Queens spin-off, debuted. The podcast is hosted by Phoebe Robinson and produced by Ilana Glazer.


2 Dope Queens
A four-episode HBO special based on the show aired in February and March 2018 directed by podcast guest Tig Notaro.


2 Dope Queens, Format
2 Dope Queens is taped live at Union Hall in Brooklyn. Though the live show runs about two hours, the podcast is edited down to about an hour.


2 Dope Queens, Format
Each episode features three guest comedians. Issues discussed on the podcast include "race, gender, sex, and other topics".


2 Dope Queens, Format
Host Jessica Williams said of the podcast, "For our show, people get to be the stars of their own stories and they get to be the stars of their own stand up, so it's really cool to give our friends and a lot of people of color and different orientations an opportunity to speak for themselves and be sort of the main character as opposed to like the side character or supporting character."


2 Dope Queens, History
2 Dope Queens stemmed from Blaria LIVE!, a monthly stand-up show in Brooklyn, hosted by Phoebe Robinson and Jessica Williams. Blaria LIVE! was inspired by the blog of the same name authored by Phoebe Robinson. Similarly to 2 Dope Queens, Blaria LIVE! featured diverse comedians from all over the United States.


2 Dope Queens, History
The 2 Dope Queens podcast debuted on April 4, 2016. In its first week,t was number one on the iTunes podcast charts.


2 Dope Queens, History
On July 19, 2016, Sooo Many White Guys, the first 2 Dope Queens spin-off debuted. Sooo Many White Guys is an interview-talk show hosted by Phoebe Robinson and produced by Ilana Glazer with guests including Nia Long, Janet Mock, Hari Kondabolu, Gina Rodriguez, Roxane Gay, and Hasan Minhaj.


2 Drink Minimum
2 Drink Minimum is an album by jazz guitarist Wayne Krantz.


2 Drink Minimum, Reception
The Allmusic review by David R. Adler awarded the album 4.5 stars stating "Essential listening for fans of gritty, non-commercial fusion music. ".


2 Dy a Ni
2 Dy a Ni (also Dau Dy a Ni) is a Welsh television programme produced by Boomerang for the Welsh television channel S4C in 2008, consisting of thirteen episodes. The show, a teenage drama, is set in a foster home in the South Wales Valleys. Shelley Rees plays Jo Pugh, one of the main characters, and was nominated for a Welsh BAFTA award. Dyfrig Morris (who also has a role in the film The Big I Am) plays the father. Carli De'La Hughes plays Sam the foster child, also known as Vicky Collins in Pobol y Cwm.


2 Dés Sans Faces
2d Sans Faces (or 2 Dés Sans Faces or even 2dsf) is a game publishing house based in Romande Switzerland. Its goals are to create and publish aspects of games, including works of fiction, tabletop role-playing games, and reference documents for the leisure industry.


2 Dés Sans Faces, History
2d Sans Faces was founded in January 2001, to produce the first translation and publication under licence of Nobilis in the French language, and later, to develop and publish under licence Nightprowler and Tigres Volants. The legal structure adopted was that of a cooperative society as under Swiss law, this allowed them to choose their cooperative members. Since 2017, 2d Sans Faces has published the adaptation of the acclaimed Norwegian surreal fantastic Itras By and as a design studio, created the Freaks' Squeele super-heroes role-playing game for Ankama.


2 E Main / N High
The 2 E Main / N High is a Central Ohio Transit Authority (COTA) bus service in Columbus, Ohio. The line operates on High Street, the city's main north-south thoroughfare.


2 E Main / N High
The 2 replaced High and Main Streets streetcar lines, both of which were early streetcars line in Columbus. These lines initially served Columbus with horsecars, and horse-drawn omnibuses followed a similar route. The horsecars were replaced with electric streetcars around the 1890s, and later with trolleybuses. In the mid-20th century, the trolleybus line was replaced with a bus line similar to the modern-day 2 E Main / N High.


2 E Main / N High, Attributes
The 2 route was the highest-trafficked in 1987 and 1999.


2 E Main / N High, Attributes
In 2008, facing overcrowding, service was doubled on the line. and expanded again in 2019.


2 E Main / N High, Attributes
The Night Owl line (formerly 21 Night Owl) supplements 2 E Main / N High with late-night service along High Street, while the 102 (formerly 2L) provides limited-stop service from Broad and High north to Westerville.


2 E Main / N High, Attributes
The route is frequented by Ohio State University students, as the campus is on the transit line. In 2000, about a fifth of the average weekday riders on the routes were OSU students.


2 E Main / N High, History
The first mass transit in Columbus was a horsecar line, which operated along a two-mile stretch on High Street beginning in 1863. The line ran from Union Station at Naughten Street (now Nationwide Boulevard) south to Livingston Avenue.


2 E Main / N High, History
An initiative from about 2006 to 2009 proposed to bring streetcars back to Columbus. The Columbus Streetcar was proposed for three different routes; the most popular would have been a 2.1-mile route from German Village to the Short North via High Street (the same route the CBUS utilizes today). The Great Recession affected the city's budget, and paired with a failure to acquire state or federal funding, forced the plan to be cut.


2 East Taylor Street
2 East Taylor Street (also known as the Comer House) is a historic building in Savannah, Georgia, United States. It is located in the northwestern tything block of Monterey Square and was built in 1880. It is part of the Savannah Historic District. It was formerly the home of Hugh Moss Comer (1842–1900), president of the Central of Georgia Railway.


2 East Taylor Street
Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederacy, was a guest at the house in 1886 with his daughter Varina Anne Davis. The exterior of the house appears in the Clint Eastwood-directed 1997 movie Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil. John Cusack's character, John Kelso, is welcomed to town by the home's owner from one of its verandas. The gate in the fenced wall that Kelso walks through has since been removed.


2 East Taylor Street, Gallery
The carriage house, located behind the property on East Jones Lane


2 Eivissa
2 Eivissa is a German Eurodance group. They are best known for their 1997 song "Oh La La La", and landed on the charts in several countries including #1 in Spain, #1 in Italy, USA, #13 in the United Kingdom, and top 40 in Germany. It peaked at number 13 in the UK Singles Chart in November 1997. 2 Eivissa were produced by Team 33, a Hamburg, Germany based music production company. Most tracks were written and produced by Ambrogio Crotti, Luigi Ricco and David Lacera.


2 Eivissa
The group was originally fronted by singers Terri Bjerre and Melannie Molinnus on the first album. Bjerre, was the lead vocalist of the band who later  pursued a solo career as Terri B! Terri Bjerre  was replaced by Jobel (Lian Ross) as vocalist in 1999. However, the live act was fronted by Jane and Francine (aka 2 Blond Bandits) until 2000. The project was stopped in 2005.


2 Eivissa
The 2 Eivissa project was resurrected in 2007, in the song "Hot Summer Night (Oh La La La)" by David Tavaré, using a vocal sample from "Oh La La La".


2 Enoch
The Second Book of Enoch (abbreviated as 2 Enoch and also known as Slavonic Enoch, Slavic Enoch or Secrets of Enoch) is a pseudepigraphic text in the apocalyptic genre. It describes the ascent of the patriarch Enoch, ancestor of Noah, through ten heavens of an Earth-centered cosmos.


2 Enoch
The cosmology of 2 Enoch corresponds closely with beliefs of the Early Middle Ages about the metaphysical structure of the universe. It may have been influential in shaping them. The text was lost for several centuries, then recovered and published at the end of the nineteenth century. The full text is extant only in Church Slavonic, but Coptic fragments have been known since 2009. The Church Slavonic version itself represents a translation from an earlier Greek version.


2 Enoch
Some scholars attribute 2 Enoch to an unidentified Jewish sect, while others regard it as the work of first-century Christians. Some consider it a later Christian work. It is not included in either the Jewish or the Christian canon.


2 Enoch
2 Enoch is distinct from the Book of Enoch, known as 1 Enoch, and there is also an unrelated 3 Enoch. The numbering of these texts has been applied by scholars to distinguish each from the others.


2 Enoch, Manuscript tradition
2 Enoch has survived in more than twenty Old Bulgarian manuscripts and fragments, dated from the 14th to 18th centuries AD. These Old Bulgarian materials did not circulate independently, but were included in collections that often rearranged, abbreviated, or expanded them. Typically, Jewish pseudepigraphical texts in Slavic milieux were transmitted as part of larger historiographical, moral, and liturgical codexes and compendiums, where ideologically marginal and mainstream materials were mixed with each other.


2 Enoch, Manuscript tradition
2 Enoch exists in longer and shorter recensions. The first editors considered the longer version to be the original. Since 1921, Schmidt and many authors challenged this theory, and considered the shorter recension to be more ancient. Vaillant showed in 1952 that the additional parts found only in the longer version use more recent terms. Other scholars suggest that both of them preserve original material, and posit the existence of three or even four recensions.


2 Enoch, Manuscript tradition
Two different ways of numbering verses and chapters are used for 2 Enoch: the more widely accepted is Popov's of 73 chapters, while De Santos Otero proposed division into 24 chapters.


2 Enoch, Manuscript tradition
The best family of manuscripts are copies of the compilation of rearranged materials from Chapters 40–65 found in a 14th-century judicial codex titled The Just Balance (Merilo Pravednoe). The main manuscripts of the longer version are designated R, J, and P. The main manuscripts of the shorter version are designated U, B, V, and N. Several other manuscripts exist.


2 Enoch, Manuscript tradition
Most scholars believe that the Old Bulgarian version was translated from one or more lost Greek versions, since the text attests to some traditions that make sense only in the Greek language. For example, a tradition found in 2 Enoch 30 that derives Adam’s name from the Greek designations of the four corners of the world. Semitisms found in various parts of the text, such as the words Ophanim and Raqia Arabot, point to the possibility of a Semitic original behind the Greek version.


2 Enoch, Manuscript tradition
In 2009, four fragments in Coptic from Chapters 36–42 were identified. They follow the short recension and are related to Manuscript U.


2 Enoch, Date
Dates ranging from the 1st century BCE to the 10th century CE have been proposed, with the late 1st century CE often preferred. The date of the text can be deduced solely on the basis of the internal evidence, since the book has survived only in the medieval manuscripts (even if a reference to 2 Enoch could be found in Origen's On the First Principles i, 3:3). 2 Enoch's composition must be later than that of the Book of the Watchers in 1 Enoch, around the 3rd century BCE.


2 Enoch, Date
The crucial arguments for the early dating of the text have very largely been linked to the themes of the Temple in Jerusalem and its ongoing practices and customs. Scholarly efforts have been, in this respect, mostly directed toward finding hints that the Sanctuary was still standing when the original text was composed. Scholars note that the text gives no indication that the destruction of the Temple had already occurred at the time of the book's composition. Critical readers of pseudepigraphic texts would have difficulty finding any explicit expression of feelings of sadness or mourning about the loss of the sanctuary.


2 Enoch, Date
Affirmations of the value of animal sacrifice and Enoch's halakhic instructions, found in 2 Enoch 59, also appear to be fashioned not in the "preservationist", mishnaic-like style, but rather as if they reflected sacrificial practices that still existed when the author was writing his book. The author tries to legitimize the central place of worship, through reference to the place Ahuzan, which is a cryptic name for a Jewish temple.


2 Enoch, Date
Scholars have also previously noted in the text some indications of the ongoing practice of pilgrimage to the central place of worship. These indications could be expected in a text written in the Alexandrian diaspora. In his instructions to the children, Enoch repeatedly encourages them to bring the gifts before the face of God for the remission of sins, a practice which appears to recall well-known sacrificial customs widespread in the Second Temple period. Further, the Old Bulgarian apocalypse also contains a direct command to visit the Temple three times a day, an inconsistency if the sanctuary had been already destroyed.


2 Enoch, Content
The Second Book of Enoch, also known as The Book of the Secrets of Enoch, is most noted for its description of multiple heavens and accounts of battles between angels and devils. This account is thought to have been known by and to have influenced the apostle Paul who described his experience of being taken up to the third heaven (2 Corinthians 12:2-4). Enoch describes the ten heavens this way:1. The first heaven is just above the firmament (Genesis 1:6-7) where the angels control atmospheric phenomena such as the storehouses of snow and rain and the waters above. 2 .


2 Enoch, Content
In the second heaven, Enoch finds darkness: a prison where rebel angels are tortured. 3 . In the third heaven, he sees both paradise represented as the garden of eden (also guarded by angels) (as in 2 Corinthians 12:2) and hell where bad men are tortured. 4 . The fourth heaven is the place of the movements of the Sun and of the Moon, which are described in detail. There is also on this level a heavenly choir comprising soldier angels whose singing is wonderful and marvelous. 5.


2 Enoch, Content
In the fifth heaven, Enoch finds some Grigori: soldiers of Satan that look like human beings but were giants. They were in a state of limbo, having not yet been condemned, and Enoch convinced them to repent. 6. In the sixth heaven, he sees the angels in charge of governing the cosmos and people.


2 Enoch, Content
These are the archangels who are above angels, measure all life in heaven and on earth, and the angels who are (appointed) over seasons and years, the angels who are over rivers and sea, and who are over the fruits of the earth, and the angels who are over every grass, giving food to all, to every living thing, and the angels who write all the souls of men, and all their deeds, and their lives before the Lord’s face. 7 .


2 Enoch, Content
In the seventh heaven, Enoch, now guided by Gabriel, is allowed to enter and sees the Lord on his throne face to face but only from a distance. This is where the legions of God’s angels live in beautiful light. 8. The Eighth heaven is just below the upper firmament in which are stuck the constellations; here lives Muzaloth, changer of the seasons and mover of the constellations. 9. The ninth heaven is the upper firmament in which are fixed the constellations and the changer of the seasons. 10 The tenth and final heaven is where God’s throne resides and God's face may be seen up close. Here he holds court.


2 Enoch, Exaltation of Melchizedek
Chapters 69-73 of 2 Enoch (sometimes referred as the Exaltation of Melchizedek or 2EM) outline the priestly succession of Enoch. There is not unanimous consensus whether this section belongs to the main body of the text or it is an early addition. Considering the not-fragmentary main manuscripts, 2EM is not included in P V N, it is included partially in J, while it is fully included in R U B, which anyway represent the best traditions of all versions. So we have both shorter and a longer versions of 2EM.


2 Enoch, Exaltation of Melchizedek
Some early authors, as Charles, have not included this section mainly because they based their edition on manuscripts P and N. The lack of this section in recent manuscripts is explained by others because of the scandalous content (the virgin birth of Melchisedek) for Christian copyists. According to Vaillant, who edited the first critical edition of 2 Enoch, there is no evidence that 2EM ever existed separately. Modern editions usually include also these chapters.


2 Enoch, Exaltation of Melchizedek
The recent discoveries of Melchisedek 11Q13 text at Qumran and of a related text at Nag Hammadi, have made possible to have an idea about the Melchisedek controversy, involving also 2EM and the Letter to the Hebrews, that developed in non-mainstream Jewish communities and in early Christians communities from the 1st century BCE to the 3rd century CE against the traditional Jewish identification of Melchisedek with Shem.


2 Enoch, Exaltation of Melchizedek
A growing number of scholars recognize the antiquity of 2 Enoch, including also 2EM, and support a pre-70 CE dating for its original composition. Sacchi suggests that 2EM is actually an addition to the main body of the text (the style is slightly different), but a very early addition by someone of the same sect that wrote 2 Enoch (it uses the same language and same typical names as Ahuzan for Temple), dating 2EM after the 70 CE but before or about the Letter to the Hebrews. The differences between 2EM with the Letter to the Hebrews (in the Letter to the Hebrews, Melchisedek is primarily a heavenly figure, while 2EM depicts him as an earthly one) don't allow to prove the dependence of 2EM from Hebrews.


2 Enoch, Theology
The theological universe of 2 Enoch is deeply rooted in the Enochic mold of the Jewish Apocalyptic literature of the Second Temple period. Yet along with appropriations of ancient traditions about the seventh antediluvian hero, the text attempts to reshape them by adding a new mystical dimension to the familiar apocalyptic imagery. The figure of Enoch portrayed in the various sections of 2 Enoch appears more elaborate than in the early Second Temple Enochic treatise of 1 Enoch. The anointing of Enoch, after he saw face to face the Lord, makes him be similar in appearance to a glorious angel and that allows him to sit above other angels on the left of the Lord.


2 Enoch, Theology
According to Orlov, in this attempt, one may find the origins of another image of Enoch, very different from the early Enochic literature, that was developed much later in rabbinic Merkabah and Hekhalot mysticism: the image of the supreme angel Metatron, "the Prince of the Presence", found in the later 3 Enoch. The titles of the patriarch found in the Old Bulgarian apocalypse appear to be different from those attested in early Enochic writings and demonstrate a close resemblance to the titles of Metatron as they appear in some Hekhalot sources. These developments demonstrate that 2 Enoch represents a bridge between the early apocalyptic Enochic accounts and the later mystical rabbinic and Hekhalot traditions.


2 Entertain
2 Entertain (stylized as 2 | entertain) is a British video and music publisher founded in September 2004 by the merger of BBC Video and Video Collection International in 2004. Under CEO Richard Green, the company operated as a joint venture between BBC Worldwide and the Woolworths Group until BBC bought out Woolworths' share following the latter's administration in 2008. As of November 2013, the 2 Entertain branding is only used on non-BBC releases; the BBC label has since been used on its own material instead.


2 Entertain, History, BBC Video
BBC Video was established in 1980 as a division of BBC Enterprises (later BBC Worldwide) with John Ross Barnard at the head.


2 Entertain, History, BBC Video
At launch, the BBC had no agreement with British talent unions such as Equity or the Musician's Union (MU), so BBC Video was limited in the television programming it could release. Initially, video cassette and laser-disc releases were either programmes with no Equity or MU involvement, such as natural history and other documentaries, or material licensed from third parties, including feature films such as High Noon and the first video release of Deep Purple's California Jam concert.


2 Entertain, History, BBC Video
For the first few years, the BBC produced videotapes in both VHS and Beta-max formats. The company also worked with Philips on early Laserdisc releases, including a notable ornithology disc called British Garden Birds, presented by David Attenborough. This disc was published in 1982 and included digital data in the form of Teletext, which could be read by any suitably-equipped television. This pioneering use of a data channel on a consumer video format led directly to the development of the BBC Domesday Project in 1984–1986.


2 Entertain, History, BBC Video
Since videos could have stereo soundtracks, BBC Video produced stereophonic versions of many programmes that had been broadcast in mono. These included The Hitch Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy (although release was delayed for lack of an Equity agreement) and the wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer.


2 Entertain, History, BBC Video
By 1982, an agreement had been reached with the Musicians' Union and this led to some popular music releases (including compilations by John Martyn and Tom Robinson).


2 Entertain, History, BBC Video
The label grew significantly from £13 million turnover in 1989 to nearly £39 million in 1994. In 1991, BBC Video was the number-one video label in the UK when it sold more prerecorded videotapes, by value as well as by unit count, than any other company, including all of the Hollywood studios.


2 Entertain, History, BBC Video
BBC Video was well known for its releases of David Attenborough, Pride and Prejudice, The Human Body, Dinnerladies, Walking with Dinosaurs, The Goodies, Dad's Army, Yes Minister, Fawlty Towers, Blackadder, Only Fools and Horses, Wallace & Gromit, Postman Pat, Pingu, The Office, Red Dwarf and Doctor Who.


2 Entertain, History, Video Collection International
Video Collection International was a video company based in London, England. It was opened in 1984. Originally part of the Prestwich Group, based in New Southgate, London, the company was subject to a management buyout headed by Steve Ayres CEO and Paddy Toomey (ex-Woolworths) as MD. The vision of "sell through video" was born with the strong Woolworths association driving the retail sales.


2 Entertain, History, Video Collection International
With these individuals at the helm, the company expanded rapidly, securing the market lead in retail video sales throughout the mid to late 1980s and into the early to mid-1990s.


2 Entertain, History, Video Collection International
The company mainly served as a home video label for Incorporated Television Company (ITC) television programmes, but launched the Central Video, Granada Media, Thames Video, Channel 4 Video and the Cinema Club labels in the process. The Cinema Club label mainly consisted of re-releases of films from the late 1960s and early 1970s and also had licensing agreements with Columbia Pictures and TriStar Pictures to re-release their films.


2 Entertain, History, Video Collection International
After suffering financial losses in 1995, the company changed its name to VCI. It discontinued the Cinema Club label in 1999 and re-established it under the "FilmFour" name, although the Cinema Club logo would still be used for occasional budgeted titles after that. At its peak VCI plc consisted of Video Collection Ltd, Music Collection Ltd, André Deutsch (book publisher) and Disc Distribution. In 1999 the business was sold to the Kingfisher Group.


2 Entertain, History, Video Collection International
In 1999, FilmFour began releasing DVDs. The company split into two arms: publishing (VCI) based in Dean Street, London, and VCI Distribution, which also handled third-party distribution for labels outside its own stable, based in Watford and the old premises in New Southgate.


2 Entertain, History, Video Collection International
Soon after, the company discontinued Thames Video and introduced the Granada Media label, which would soon appear on most VCI titles.


2 Entertain, History, Video Collection International
In 2001, VCI became part of the Woolworths Group as a result of the demerger from the Kingfisher Group. In 2004, BBC Worldwide and Woolworths Group merged VCI with BBC Video to create 2 Entertain Video, part of their new joint venture company 2 Entertain.


2 Entertain, History, Video Collection International
In 2005, Channel 4 began releasing titles on DVD themselves under the brand name Channel 4 DVD, they would eventually go on to have their DVDs released by Spirit Entertainment, though still using Channel 4 DVD branding.


2 Entertain, History, Video Collection International
VCI is perhaps most well known as the main home video distributor of both ITV and Channel 4 television programmes such as Thomas & Friends, Black Books, Drop the Dead Donkey,  Peep Show, Jeeves and Wooster,  So Graham Norton, Men Behaving Badly, V Graham Norton, Spaced,   Shameless, Father Ted, Mr. Bean,  Traffik, Emmerdale, Brass Eye, Da Ali G Show and Coronation Street.


2 Entertain, History, Video Collection International
Confusion often arose between this UK-based company, and the Tulsa, Oklahoma-based home video label VCI Entertainment, founded in 1976 by Bill Blair. At the height of the UK label's popularity, the US-based label rebranded themselves as United Home Video; however, they returned to the VCI name in the mid-'90s and have retained it ever since.


2 Entertain, History, Video Collection International
Perhaps as a result of this, when VCI entered the American market in the early 1990s, they went under the name of Strand VCI Entertainment, and then Strand Home Video; this operation was sold in 1993 to budget video label Video Treasures (later a core component of Anchor Bay Entertainment), who completed the label's absorption in 1994.


2 Equulei
2 Equulei is a double star system in the constellation of Equuleus.


2 Equulei
The primary component of the 2 Equ pair is an F-type main sequence star. As of 2015, the secondary had an angular separation of 2.90 arc seconds along a position angle of 213° from the primary. They form a common proper motion pair, two stars at approximately the same distance and moving in the same direction. Gaia EDR3 gives them parallaxes of 8.8125±0.2471 mas and 8.5577±0.0298 mas respectively, although they are flagged as potentially unreliable. These parallaxes correspond to a distance of around 380 ly, in contrast to the Hipparcos distance of 260±20 ly for the two stars as a pair.


2 Esdras
2 Esdras (also called 4 Esdras, Latin Esdras, or Latin Ezra) is the name of an apocalyptic book in some English versions of the Bible. Tradition ascribes it to Ezra, a scribe and priest of the 5th century BCE, but scholarship places its composition between 70 and 218 CE.


2 Esdras
It is reckoned among the apocrypha by Roman Catholics, Protestants, and most Eastern Orthodox Christians. 2 Esdras was excluded by Jerome from his Vulgate version of the Old Testament, but from the 9th century onwards the Latin text is sporadically found as an appendix to the Vulgate, inclusion becoming more general after the 13th century.


2 Esdras, Naming conventions
As with 1 Esdras, there is some confusion about the numbering of this book. The Vulgate of Jerome includes only a single book of Ezra, but in the Clementine Vulgate 1, 2, 3 and 4 Esdras are separate books. Protestant writers, after the Geneva Bible, called 1 and 2 Esdras of the Vulgate, Ezra and Nehemiah; and called 3 and 4 Esdras of the Vulgate, 1 Esdras and 2 Esdras respectively. These then became the common names for these books in English Bibles.


2 Esdras, Naming conventions
Medieval Latin manuscripts denoted it 4 Esdras, which to this day is the name used for chapters 3–14 in modern critical editions, which are typically in Latin, the language of its most complete exemplars.


2 Esdras, Naming conventions
It appears in the Appendix to the Old Testament in the Slavonic Bible, where it is called 3 Esdras, and the Georgian Orthodox Bible numbers it 3 Ezra. This text is sometimes also known as Apocalypse of Ezra (chapters 3–14 known as the Jewish Apocalypse of Ezra or 4 Ezra. In modern critical editions, chapters 1–2 are named as 5 Ezra, and chapters 15–16 as 6 Ezra). Bogaert speculates that the 'fourth book of Ezra' referred to by Jerome most likely corresponds to modern 5 Ezra and 6 Ezra combined – and notes a number of Latin manuscripts where these chapters are together in an appendix.


2 Esdras, Contents, 5 Ezra
The first two chapters of 2 Esdras are found only in the Latin version of the book, and are called 5 Ezra by scholars. They are considered by most scholars to be Christian in origin; they assert God's rejection of the Jews and describe a vision of the Son of God. These are generally considered to be late additions (possibly third century) to the work.


2 Esdras, Contents, 4 Ezra
Chapters 3–14, or the great bulk of 2 Esdras, is a Jewish apocalypse, also sometimes known as 4 Ezra or the Jewish Apocalypse of Ezra. The latter name should not be confused with a later work called the Greek Apocalypse of Ezra.


2 Esdras, Contents, 4 Ezra
The Ethiopian Church considers 4 Ezra to be canonical, written during the Babylonian captivity, and calls it Izra Sutuel (ዕዝራ ሱቱኤል). It was also often cited by the Fathers of the Church. In the Eastern Armenian tradition it is called 3 Ezra. It was written in the late 1st century CE following the destruction of the Second Temple.


2 Esdras, Contents, 4 Ezra
Among Greek Fathers of the Church, 4 Ezra is generally cited as Προφήτης Ἔσδρας Prophetes Esdras ("The Prophet Ezra") or Ἀποκάλυψις Ἔσδρα Apokalupsis Esdra ("Apocalypse of Ezra"). Most scholars agree that 4 Ezra was composed in Hebrew, which was translated into Greek, and then to Latin, Armenian, Ethiopian and Georgian, but the Hebrew and Greek editions have been lost.


2 Esdras, Contents, 4 Ezra
Slightly differing Latin, Syriac, Arabic, Ethiopic, Georgian, and Armenian translations have survived; the Greek version can be reconstructed, though without absolute certainty, from these different translations, while the Hebrew text remains more elusive. The modern Slavonic version is translated from the Latin.


2 Esdras, Contents, 4 Ezra
4 Ezra consists of seven visions of Ezra the scribe. The first vision takes place as Ezra is still in Babylon. He asks God how Israel can be kept in misery if God is just. The archangel Uriel is sent to answer the question, responding that God's ways cannot be understood by the human mind. Soon, however, the end would come, and God's justice would be made manifest. Similarly, in the second vision, Ezra asks why Israel was delivered up to the Babylonians, and is again told that man cannot understand this and that the end is near.


2 Esdras, Contents, 4 Ezra
In the third vision Ezra asks why Israel does not possess the world. Uriel responds that the current state is a period of transition. Here follows a description of the fate of evil-doers and the righteous. Ezra asks whether the righteous may intercede for the unrighteous on Judgment Day, but is told that "Judgment Day is final".


2 Esdras, Contents, 4 Ezra
The next three visions are more symbolic in nature. The fourth is of a woman mourning for her only son. She is transformed into a city when she hears of the desolation of Zion. Uriel says that the woman is a symbol of Zion. The fifth vision concerns an eagle with three heads and twenty wings (twelve large wings and eight smaller wings "over against them"). The eagle is rebuked by a lion and then burned.


2 Esdras, Contents, 4 Ezra
The explanation of this vision is that the eagle refers to the fourth kingdom of the vision of Daniel, with the wings and heads as rulers. The final scene is the triumph of the Messiah over the empire. The sixth vision is of a man, representing the Messiah, who breathes fire on a crowd that is attacking him. This man then turns to another peaceful multitude, which accepts him.


2 Esdras, Contents, 4 Ezra
Finally, there is a vision of the restoration of scripture. God appears to Ezra in a bush and commands him to restore the Law. Ezra gathers five scribes and begins to dictate. After forty days, he has produced ninety-four books: the twenty-four books of the Tanakh and seventy secret works:


2 Esdras, Contents, 4 Ezra
Make public the twenty-four books that you wrote first, and let the worthy and the unworthy read them; but keep the seventy that were written last, in order to give them to the wise among your people." (2 Esdras 14:45–46 RSV; 4 Ezra 12:45–46)


2 Esdras, Contents, 4 Ezra
The "seventy" might refer to the Septuagint, most of the apocrypha, or the lost books that are described in the Bible.


2 Esdras, Contents, 4 Ezra
Almost all Latin editions of the text have a large lacuna of seventy verses between  7:35 and 7:36 that is missing due to the fact that they trace their common origin to one early manuscript, Codex Sangermanensis I, from which an entire page had been cut out very early in its history. In 1875 Robert Lubbock Bensly published the lost verses and in 1895 M.R. James oversaw a critical edition from Bensly's notes restoring the lost verses from the complete text found in the Codex Colbertinus; it is this edition that is used in the Stuttgart edition of the Vulgate. The restored verses are numbered 7:35 to 7:105, with the former verses 7:36–7:70 renumbered to 7:106–7:140. For more information, see the article Codex Sangermanensis I.


2 Esdras, Contents, 4 Ezra
Second Esdras turns around a radical spiritual conversion of Ezra in a vision, where he stops to comfort a sobbing woman who turns instantly into a great city (2 Esd. 10:25–27). On this pivotal event, one scholar writes that Ezra


2 Esdras, Contents, 4 Ezra
is badly frightened, he loses consciousness and calls for his angelic guide. The experience described is unique not just in 4 Ezra but in the whole Jewish apocalyptic literature. Its intensity complements the pressure of unrelieved stress evident in the first part of the vision, and it resembles the major orientation of personality usually connected with religious conversion.


2 Esdras, Contents, 4 Ezra
The following verses (10:28–59) reveal that Ezra had a vision of the heavenly Jerusalem, the true city of Zion, which the angel of the Lord invites him to explore. As the angel tells Ezra at the end of Chapter 10 in the Authorised Version:


2 Esdras, Contents, 4 Ezra
And therefore fear not,   let not thine heart be affrighted,but go thy way in,   and see the beauty and greatness of the building,as much as thine eyes be able to see;   and then shalt thou hear as much as thine ears may comprehend. For thou art blessed above many other   and art called with the Highest and so are but few.


2 Esdras, Contents, 4 Ezra
But tomorrow at night thou shalt remain here and so shall the Highest show thee visions of the high things which the Most High will do unto them that dwell upon earth in the last days. So I slept that night and another like as he commanded me (2 Esd. 10:55–59).


2 Esdras, Contents, 6 Ezra
The last two chapters, also called 6 Ezra by scholars, and found in the Latin, but not in the Eastern texts, predict wars and rebuke sinners. Many assume that they probably date from a much later period (perhaps late third century) and may be Christian in origin; it is possible, though not certain, that they were added at the same time as the first two chapters of the Latin version. It is possible that they are Jewish in origin, however; 15:57–59 have been found in Greek, which most scholars agree was translated from a Hebrew original.


2 Esdras, Author and criticism
The main body of the book appears to be written for consolation in a period of great distress (one scholarly hypothesis is that it dates to Titus' destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE). The author seeks answers, similar to Job's quest for understanding the meaning of suffering, but the author doesn't like or desire only the answer that was given to Job.


2 Esdras, Author and criticism
Critics question whether even the main body of the book, not counting the chapters that exist only in the Latin version and in Greek fragments, has a single author. Kalisch, De Faye, and Charles hold that no fewer than five people worked on the text. However, Gunkel points to the unity in character and holds that the book is written by a single author; it has also been suggested that the author of 2 Esdras wrote the Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch. In any case, the two texts may date from about the same time, and one almost certainly depends on the other.


2 Esdras, Author and criticism
Critics have widely debated the origin of the book. Hidden under two layers of translation it is impossible to determine if the author was Roman, Alexandrian, or Palestinian.


2 Esdras, Author and criticism
The scholarly interpretation of the eagle being the Roman Empire (the eagle in the fifth vision, whose heads might be Vespasian, Titus and Domitian if such is the case) and the destruction of the temple would indicate that the probable date of composition lies toward the end of the first century, perhaps 90–96, though some suggest a date as late as 218.


2 Esdras, Usage
The book is found in the Orthodox Slavonic Bible (Ostrog Bible, Elizabeth Bible, and later consequently Russian Synodal Bible). 2 Esdras is in the Apocrypha of the King James Version, and  Pope Clement VIII placed it in an appendix to the Vulgate along with 3 Esdras and the Prayer of Manasseh "lest they perish entirely".


2 Esdras, Usage
The chapters corresponding to 4 Ezra, i.e. 2 Esdras 3–14, make up the Book of II Izra, aka Izra Sutuel, canonical in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church; it was also widely cited by early Fathers of the Church, particularly Ambrose of Milan, as the 'third book of Esdras'. Jerome states that it is apocryphal. It may also be found in many larger English Bibles included as part of the Biblical apocrypha, as they exist in the King James Version, the Revised Version, the Revised Standard Version, and the earliest editions of the Catholic Douay–Rheims Bible, among others.


2 Esdras, Usage
The introitus of the traditional Requiem Mass of the Extraordinary Form of the 1962 Missal in the Catholic Church is loosely based on 2:34–35: "Eternal rest grant unto them, O Lord, and let perpetual light shine upon them." Several other liturgical prayers are taken from the book. The same chapter, verses 36 and 37, is cited in the Introit of Pentecost Tuesday, “Accipite jucunditatem gloriae vestrae, alleluia: gratias agentes Deo, alleluia: qui vos ad caelestia regna vocavit, alleluia, alleluia, alleluia. Ps . 77 Attendite, popule meus, legem meam: inclinate aurem vestram in verba oris mei. Gloria Patri. Accipite.


2 Esdras, Usage
– Receive the delight of your glory, alleluia, giving thanks to God, alleluia, Who hath called ye to the heavenly kingdoms, alleluia, alleluia, alleluia. Psalm 77 Attend, O my people, to my law: incline your ears to the words of my mouth. Glory be. Receive.” The Alleluia verse Crastina die for the Vigil Mass of Christmas in the Roman Missal is taken from chapter 16, verse 52.


2 Esdras, Usage
Christopher Columbus quoted verse 6:42, which describes the Earth as being created with 6 parts land and 1 part water, in his appeal to the Catholic Monarchs for financial support for his first voyage of exploration.


2 Fabiola
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by SnowKang (talk | contribs) at 13:15, 4 May 2021 (Updated infobox). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


2 Fabiola
2 Fabiola is a Belgian electronic dance music group, formed in 1991 by Pat Krimson (Patrick Claesen) and Zohra. The group got its name from Queen Fabiola of Belgium.


2 Fabiola
The group was noted for its lavish and extravagant clothes and performances. It has also made the charts in the Belgian Ultratop and had success in Spain. In the Ultratop 50 and Ultratop 50, they topped the charts. In 1999, the group took a break. Zohra started a solo career, and Pat Krimson led another project of his, called Nunca. After a while, a new 2 Fabiola was presented to the world, introducing singer Evi Goffin (Medusa, Lasgo).


2 Fabiola
After releasing some singles, the group disappeared from the Belgian music scene.


2 Fabiola
In 2007, Krimson announced the band's comeback, introducing two new singers. Their last single, "Blow Me Away", was published in July 2008.


2 Fabiola
In 2014 the group had a major hit with "She's After My Piano", after participating in the Belgium national selection for Eurovision Song Contest 2014. This song was co-written by Romanian-Norwegian artist Ovi who, for the second time, participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2014 with duet partner Paula Seling. The two artists recorded their own version of the song for Ovi's album, A Bit of Pop Won't Hurt Anyone, (May 2014 daWorks).


2 Faced
"2 Faced" is a song by English singer Louise, released on 17 July 2000 as the lead single from her third studio album, Elbow Beach (2000). It is her highest-charting single, reaching number three on the UK Singles Chart and number 13 on the Irish Singles Chart in July 2000. It has sold 153,000 copies in the UK according to the Official Charts Company.


2 Fast 2 Furious
2 Fast 2 Furious  is a 2003 action film directed by John Singleton and written by Michael Brandt and Derek Haas, with a story also credited to Gary Scott Thompson. A standalone sequel to The Fast and the Furious (2001), it is the second installment in the Fast & Furious franchise. The film stars Paul Walker, Tyrese Gibson, Eva Mendes, Cole Hauser, Chris "Ludacris" Bridges, and James Remar. 2 Fast 2 Furious follows Brian O'Conner and Roman Pearce who go undercover for the U.S. Customs Service to apprehend a drug lord in exchange for the erasure of their criminal records.


2 Fast 2 Furious
Plans for a sequel to The Fast and the Furious were developed immediately following that film's box office success. Early treatments for a sequel initially featured the returns of both Vin Diesel and Walker; the former declined, instead choosing to star in The Chronicles of Riddick (2004). John Singleton, who critically praised the first film, was announced to direct the second in place of Rob Cohen, who left the franchise after directing the previous installment. Principal photography began in September 2002 and lasted until that December, with filming locations including Miami and South Florida.


2 Fast 2 Furious
2 Fast 2 Furious was released worldwide by Universal Pictures on June 6, 2003. The film grossed over $235 million worldwide, becoming the 17th highest-grossing film of 2003, and the then-highest grossing film in the franchise.


2 Fast 2 Furious
In 2006 a third installment, The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift, was released, however when viewing the series chronologically, 2009's Fast & Furious would follow this film.


2 Fast 2 Furious, Plot
After letting Dominic Toretto escape from the authorities, disgraced LAPD officer Brian O'Conner flees from Los Angeles to escape prosecution. He subsequently relocates to Miami and makes a living participating in illegal street races, driving a heavily modified silver Nissan Skyline GT-R R34. The races are organized by his local mechanic friend Tej Parker. After winning a race against drivers including Suki, the police show up and Brian is arrested.


2 Fast 2 Furious, Plot
He is taken into custody, but given a deal by his former boss FBI Agent Bilkins and U.S. Customs Agent Markham to go undercover and bring down Argentinian drug lord Carter Verone in exchange for clearance of his criminal record. Agent Monica Fuentes, who has been undercover with Verone for a year, agrees to assist bringing Brian into the organization. Brian agrees on the condition that he is given permission to choose his own partner.


2 Fast 2 Furious, Plot
This prompts Brian to travel to Barstow, where he enlists the help of childhood friend Roman Pearce, who served jail time for housing stolen cars in a garage and currently making a living as a demolition derby driver. Roman, currently on parole, gets into a brief fight and blames Brian for his arrest, but reluctantly agrees to help in exchange for the same deal Brian was offered. For their mission, they are issued two confiscated, modified cars—a Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution VII and a Mitsubishi Eclipse Spyder GTS.


2 Fast 2 Furious, Plot
Roman and Brian are later hired by Verone, who tasks the duo to compete against rival drivers to obtain a package from a confiscated Ferrari located in a lot. During the race, some of the hired drivers crash while a few are injured by big rigs. Markham, who mistakenly thinks that the duo is trying to run away, follows them to the lot. The police ambush spooks Roman, who shoots at Markham to help maintain his cover. Roman later confronts the agent for interfering with the mission. Brian is able to salvage the situation, however, telling Bilkins that Verone is allegedly aiming to launder his money in Miami before escaping on his private jet.


2 Fast 2 Furious, Plot
Brian and Roman challenge a pair of muscle car drivers they raced when competing for Verone's hiring, for pink slips. Despite engine and power output handicaps, they win the race and obtain the rival cars—a 1969 Yenko Camaro SYC and a 1970 Dodge Challenger R/T previously driven by the hired drivers. Roman later confronts Brian about the constant threat of Verone's men; however, they patch up their differences and focus on completing the mission.


2 Fast 2 Furious, Plot
At the VIP section of a nightclub, Brian and Roman witness Verone torturing MPD Detective Whitworth into giving his men a window of opportunity to make their getaway. The next morning, Monica warns them that they will be killed once the drop is made. Despite this, Markham refuses to call off the job, claiming that it is their one chance to catch Verone.


2 Fast 2 Furious, Plot
On the day of the mission, Brian and Roman begin transporting duffel bags of Verone's money with Verone's associates—Enrique and Roberto—riding alongside to accompany them. Before the window is set, Whitworth decides to call in the police to move in for an arrest of the drivers of the cars used by Brian and Roman. This results in a high-speed chase across the city, with Bilkins and U.S. Customs also tracking them. The duo leads the cops to a warehouse, where a "scramble" by dozens of street racers organized by Tej disorients the cops. Following the scramble, the police manage to pull over the Evo and the Eclipse, only to find out that they were driven by Tej and Suki. As it turns out, the duo had switched cars and had escaped in the two muscle cars they had won earlier.


2 Fast 2 Furious, Plot
As Brian approaches the destination point in his Camaro, Enrique tells him to take the Tarpon Point Marina exit, instead of heading to the airfield. Meanwhile, Roman gets rid of Roberto by using an improvised ejector seat in his Challenger powered by nitrous oxide. At the airfield, Customs agents have Verone's plane and convoy surrounded, only to discover they have been duped into a decoy maneuver while Verone is at a boatyard several miles away. Verone reveals he knew Monica was an undercover agent, and purposely gave her wrong information on the destination point.


2 Fast 2 Furious, Plot
When Brian arrives at the Marina, Verone forces Monica onto his private yacht and orders Enrique to kill Brian. As Enrique prepares to kill him, Brian's ejector seat fails, but Roman suddenly appears and helps Brian to incapacitate Enrique. Verone makes his escape, but Brian and Roman use the Camaro to drive off a ramp, crashing on top of the yacht. Brian shoots and wounds Verone moments before he was about to shoot Brian and Roman with his shotgun, making him miss, who is then arrested by Monica.


2 Fast 2 Furious, Plot
Markham grants Brian and Roman full pardons, and in return Roman turns over the second half of Verone's cash. The two agree to stay in Miami, and Brian suggests opening a garage – funded by a cut of Verone's cash Roman kept for themselves.


2 Fast 2 Furious, Cast
Producer Neal H. Moritz makes a cameo appearance as a police officer during a chase scene.


2 Fast 2 Furious, Production, Development
Because of the incredible response to The Fast and the Furious, we knew we had struck a chord with young audiences. I believe we had tapped into a culture—the very urban world of street racing. It really resonated with our fans, who continued to support the film when it hit the streets on DVD and video—I mean, it really just exploded again, allowing even more people a chance to take the ride. We knew they were ready for another film, but only if we delivered one with the same authenticity and edge as the first. Well, we've done just that.


2 Fast 2 Furious, Production, Development
Plans to make a sequel came about after the box office success of The Fast and the Furious, which grossed over $200 million worldwide. John Singleton had seen the first film and was awed by it, saying: "When I saw The Fast and the Furious, I was like, 'Damn, why didn't I think of that?' Growing up in South Central L.A., we had street races all the time." Singleton's rave reaction of the film as well as the culture of street racing in general influenced his decision to direct the sequel. The director also claimed that the concept of street racing could be something young audiences can relate to.


2 Fast 2 Furious, Production, Development
The screenplay was written by Michael Brandt and Derek Haas, along with Gary Scott Thompson (the co-writer from the first film). There were two film treatments submitted early on, one of which did not involve Vin Diesel's character in the event the actor would not return for the sequel. Singleton credited Top Gun as a major influence for the film, particularly with regard to the action sequences.


2 Fast 2 Furious, Production, Pre-production
Vin Diesel was offered $25 million to return in the sequel as Dominic Toretto. However, he refused after reading the screenplay as he felt that its potential was inferior compared to that of its predecessor; rather, he chose to appear in The Chronicles of Riddick. According to Variety magazine in 2015 he was less taken with what the screenwriters had in mind for the film, "They didn't take a Francis Ford Coppola approach to it.


2 Fast 2 Furious, Production, Pre-production
They approached it like they did sequels in the '80s and '90s, when they would drum up a new story unrelated for the most part, and slap the same name on it." However, Diesel reflected on his decision in a July 2014 report from Uproxx, saying: "I would've said, 'Don't walk away from it just because the script sucked in 2 Fast 2 Furious because there's an obligation to the audience to fight, no matter what, to make that film as good as possible.' ... I might have had a little bit more patience or belief in the long-term of it."


2 Fast 2 Furious, Production, Pre-production
Paul Walker, who had just finished Timeline at the time, reprised his role in the second picture as Brian O'Conner. Tyrese Gibson, then known mononymously as Tyrese, also became a part of the cast having previously acted in Singleton's Baby Boy, which was the singer's feature film acting debut; he portrayed Roman Pearce. Ja Rule, another prominent rap artist who appeared in The Fast and the Furious, was originally tapped for the role of Tej Parker.


2 Fast 2 Furious, Production, Pre-production
Ja Rule was offered $500,000 for the role, which was more than what he had been paid to appear in The Fast and the Furious, $15,000. According to Singleton, "Ja got too big for himself. He turned it down. He turned down a half a million dollars. ... He was acting like he was too big to be in the sequel. He wouldn't return calls." The director then hired Chris "Ludacris" Bridges as a substitute. Bridges would later rise to prominence for appearing in the film and star in later films such as Crash and Hustle & Flow. Additional cast also included Cole Hauser as key villain Carter Verone, who appeared in Singleton's Higher Learning; Eva Mendes as undercover agent Monica Fuentes; and Devon Aoki as Suki, the sole female driver in the film.


2 Fast 2 Furious, Production, Filming
Principal photography began in the fall of 2002, and Matthew F. Leonetti served as the director of photography. Filming was done mostly in various parts of South Florida such as Miami Beach, Seven Mile Bridge, and Homestead Air Reserve Base. Hauser's character's mansion was shot in Coral Gables, in a house owned by Sylvester Stallone.


2 Fast 2 Furious, Production, Filming
A car enthusiast himself, Walker drove a Nissan Skyline GT-R model R34 borrowed from the film's Technical Advisor, Craig Lieberman, in the film's opening scenes. Aoki did not have a driver's license or any driving experience prior to the film's production, and took driving lessons during filming; she drove a pink 2001 Honda S2000 AP1 in the film. Gibson drove a convertible Mitsubishi Eclipse Spyder, while Michael Ealy drove a Toyota Supra Turbo MkIV model JZA80 that had been used by Walker in The Fast and the Furious.


2 Fast 2 Furious, Production, Music
The musical score was composed by David Arnold. The soundtrack was released on May 27, 2003 on Def Jam Recordings, the same record label that Ludacris was signed to.


2 Fast 2 Furious, Release, Box office
2 Fast 2 Furious earned $50.5 million in its U.S. opening in 3,408 theaters, ranking first for the weekend. In its 133 days in release, the film reached a peak release of 3,418 theaters in the U.S. and earned $127.2 million in the US, taking the number #1 spot off of Finding Nemo. The film had the 15th largest US gross of 2003 and the 16th largest worldwide gross of 2003; combined with the international gross of $109.2 million, the film earned $236.4 million worldwide.


2 Fast 2 Furious, Release, Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, 2 Fast 2 Furious has an approval rating of 36% based on 160 reviews and an average rating of 4.75/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "Beautiful people and beautiful cars in a movie that won't tax the brain cells." On Metacritic it has a weighted average score of 38 out of 100, based on reviews from 36 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A-" on scale of A+ to F.


2 Fast 2 Furious, Release, Critical response
Todd McCarthy of Variety magazine wrote: "While this John Singleton-directed sequel provides a breezy enough joyride, it lacks the unassuming freshness and appealing neighborhood feel of the economy-priced original." Scott Tobias of The A.V. Club wrote: "Singleton abandons the underground racing subculture that gave the first film its allure, relying instead on lazy thriller plotting that's only a bag of donuts and a freeze-frame away from the average TV cop show."