1st Tactical Missile Squadron, History, World War II
The first predecessor of the unit, the 881st Bombardment Squadron, was activated at Gowen Field, Idaho on 20 November 1943 as one of the four original squadrons of the 500th Bombardment Group. It initially flew Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bombers in New Mexico, then trained in Kansas with early model Boeing B-29 Superfortresses, with frequent delays in training due to modifications of the aircraft correcting production deficiencies.. It departed for its combat station in the Pacific in July 1944 after completing training.


1st Tactical Missile Squadron, History, World War II
The squadron arrived at its combat station, Isely Field, on Saipan in the Mariana Islands in September 1944. It flew its first combat mission against a submarine base in the Truk Islands on 11 November. Thirteen days later it participated in the first attack on the Japanese homeland from the Marianas. Initially, the squadron flew high altitude daylight raids against industrial targets in Japan. In January 1945, it carried out an attack on the Mitsubishi engine manufacturing plant in Nagoya, for which it was awarded a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC).


1st Tactical Missile Squadron, History, World War II
The squadron was briefly diverted from its strategic mission when it struck airfields in Kyushu to support Operation Iceberg, the landings on Okinawa in April 1945. Beginning in March 1945, Twentieth Air Force changed both its tactics and strategy and the squadron began carrying out nighttime attacks with incendiaries against area targets. It received its second DUC for attacks on the urban and industrial section of Osaka, feeder industries at Hamamatsu and shipping and rail targets on Kyushu in June 1945. During the closing days of the war, the squadron also dropped propaganda leaflets over the Japanese home islands.


1st Tactical Missile Squadron, History, World War II
Following V-J Day, the squadron dropped food and supply to prisoners of war in Japan, Korea, China and Taiwan. The squadron returned to the United States in the fall of 1945 and was inactivated at March Field, California on 17 January 1946.


1st Tactical Missile Squadron, History, Missile testing
The squadron's second predecessor was organized as the 1st Experimental Guided Missiles Squadron, one of the original Army Air Forces missile test squadrons, at Eglin Field, Florida in 1946. At Eglin it was assigned to the 1st Experimental Guided Missiles Group. It tested air-to-surface missiles. The 1st Group was inactivated in July 1949, and the squadron was attached to its successor, the 550th Guided Missiles Wing. In December 1950, the squadron moved with the 550th Wing to Patrick Air Force Base, Florida, but it was not operational at Patrick and was inactivated at the end of the month, when the 550th was replaced by the 4800th Guided Missile Wing.


1st Tactical Missile Squadron, History, Missile testing
The squadron was redesignated the 1st Bombardment Squadron, Missile (Light), but was again redesignated the 1st Pilotless Bomber Squadron before being reactivated at Patrick in October 1951. The unit again experimented with missiles, but this time with cruise missiles, including the Republic-Ford JB-2 and Martin B-61 Matador. The squadron developed procedures and methods for deployment of tactical nuclear missiles until 1954, when it was transferred to Tactical Air Command.


1st Tactical Missile Squadron, History, Missile operations in Europe
The 1st trained until March 1954, when it deployed to United States Air Forces Europe (USAFE) and Bitburg Air Base. It maintained dispersed missile launch facilities at 'Site VII "B Pad", 3.5 miles (5.6 km) northwest of Bitburg  and Site VIII "C Pad",  4.5 miles (7.2 km) south southwest of Bitburg  At Bitburg, it was initially attached to the host 36th Fighter-Bomber Wing. It was the first operational United States missile unit. At Bitburg the squadron was equipped with the B-61A Matador. The 1st was redesignated the 1st Tactical Missile Squadron a year later.


1st Tactical Missile Squadron, History, Missile operations in Europe
As additional Matador squadrons deployed to Germany, USAFE formed the 7382d Guided Missile Group, headquartered at Hahn Air Base. The 1st Tactical Missile Squadron was detached from the 36th Wing, and attached to the new group. when the 7382d Group was inactivated on 15 September 1956, the 1st Squadron was reassigned to the newly formed 585th Tactical Missile Group at Bitburg, as part of the newly formed 701st Tactical Missile Wing, headquartered at Hahn. The unit converted from the TM-61A to the TM-61C during that time. The 1st was inactivated and replaced by the 71st Tactical Missile Squadron, which was simultaneously activated on 18 Jun 1958.


1st Tactical Missile Squadron, History, Missile operations in Europe
In 1985 the World War II 881st Bombardment Squadron was consolidated with the squadron, but it was not activated.


1st Tactical Missile Squadron, References, Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website .


1st Tactical Squadron
1st Tactical Squadron (known as 1.ELT - 1 Eskadra Lotnictwa Taktycznego in Poland) is a fighter squadron of Polish Air Force established in 2001 in Mińsk Mazowiecki, Poland. Squadron is stationed in 23rd Air Base and operates  MiG-29 9.12A and MiG-29UB 9.51A jet fighters. Unit has been created on the base of 1st Fighter Regiment (1944–2001).


1st Tadeusz Kościuszko Infantry Division
The Polish 1st Tadeusz Kościuszko Infantry Division (Polish: 1 Polska Dywizja Piechoty im. Tadeusza Kościuszki) was an infantry division in the Polish armed forces formed in 1943 and named for the Polish and American revolutionary Tadeusz Kościuszko. Formed in the Soviet Union, it was the first division of the First Army (Berling Army), and of what later became the post-war Polish Armed Forces (Ludowe Wojsko Polskie) after defeating the Nazi regime and liberating Poland.


1st Tadeusz Kościuszko Infantry Division, Formation
An infantry division, it was formed in May 1943 in Sielce (near the Oka River) under the command of general Zygmunt Berling. It was organised according to the Shtat (Table of Organisation and Equipment) of a Red Army Guards Rifle Division, with minor amendments. In accordance with a decision of Joseph Stalin, Col. Zygmunt Berling took over the command of the division. Political control of the division was held by the Union of Polish Patriots. On July 15, 1943, the anniversary of the Battle of Grunwald, the soldiers of the division took the military oath. The oath sworn obligated, amongst other things Confidentiality of fidelity to the alliance to the Soviet Union and adherence to the brotherhood of arms [of the] allied Red Army. In late August shortages still existed – 20% of the standard complement of officers were missing and 36% of NCOs.


1st Tadeusz Kościuszko Infantry Division, Formation
When the division started being organised, there were many Jewish volunteers, but they stopped accepting any more Jews,


1st Tadeusz Kościuszko Infantry Division, Formation
"so as to not become propaganda targets of the London Government-in-exile which might be tempted to revive the old story of the connection between Communism and the Jews."


1st Tadeusz Kościuszko Infantry Division, Formation
In June 1943, Commander in Chief and Prime Minister General Sikorski declared Berling's army as a communist Polish division, subversive, and its author as a traitor, a deserter from the Polish Army.


1st Tadeusz Kościuszko Infantry Division, Formation
On July 7, 1943 the Polish military attaché to the United States, Colonel. Vladimir Onacewicz, issued a statement in which he wrote that the division does not belong to the Polish Army and is a Red Army Division under the command of the Soviet authorities.


1st Tadeusz Kościuszko Infantry Division, Frontline service
The division was ready for operations on July 15, 1943. Its first engagement took place on October 12, 1943 at the battle of Lenino. The 33rd Army commander Gen. Gordov asked the division to break the German defense, in the section Polzukhi, and then move in the direction of Łosiewa and Czurniłowa. From October 12 to 14, 1943, sustained twenty-five percent losses. After the battle the division regrouped in the Smolensk region, where further training took place.


1st Tadeusz Kościuszko Infantry Division, Frontline service
By March 1944 the division had been expanded into the basis of the 1st Polish Army Corps, part of the Western Front. As part of the 1st Polish Army Corps, the division was in the vicinity of Zhytomyr and Berdichev. According to a Directive of April 29, 1944, it was part of the structure of the Belarusian Front. In the following days with the troops, Division marched in a westerly direction, and on July 23, 1944 crossed the river Bug. After a march lasting from July 15 to 27, 1944, the division reached the boundary of the Vistula and on August 2, 1944 made an attempt to capture a foothold in the Deblin region.


1st Tadeusz Kościuszko Infantry Division, Frontline service
In subsequent days, the division was regrouped to the north and on August 26, 1944 continued battles on the Vistula River in the area between the rivers: Wilga and Auger. September 5, 1944 the division was temporarily reassigned from the First Army commander and resubordinated to the 47th Army. Between September 10–15, 1944 bloody battles were fought for the liberation of right-bank Warsaw – Praga. There is a memorial to this in the same area built in the 1980s.


1st Tadeusz Kościuszko Infantry Division, Frontline service
Later, the division fought in Berlin around the Reich Chancellery and the Reichstag.


1st Tadeusz Kościuszko Infantry Division, Frontline service
For participation in the war, the division was awarded the Golden Cross of the Order of Virtuti Militari.


1st Tadeusz Kościuszko Infantry Division, Postwar
In 1955 it was reorganized into the 1st "Warsaw" Mechanised Division. The 1st Warsaw Mechanised Division was part of the Warsaw Military District from 1955–1998. In the mid-1990s mechanized regiments of the division were reorganised as brigades. In 2001 the division was subordinated to the commander of the 2nd Mechanised Corps and its components included three Mechanised Brigade and 21 Podhale Rifle Brigade. In 2004 the division was subordinated directly to the Land Forces Command. It was disbanded on September 1, 2011.


1st Tank Battalion
The 1st Tank Battalion was an armor battalion of the United States Marine Corps which was based out of the Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine Palms, California. It last fell under the command of the 1st Marine Division and I Marine Expeditionary Force. The unit was decommissioned in May 2021 as part of the service Force Design 2030 initiative which saw it move away from larger armor formations.


1st Tank Battalion, Insignia
The coat of arms of the 1st Tank Battalion is a jousting shield of blue with a scarlet border and a large numeral "1" (in the 1st Marine Division font) in scarlet behind an M2A4 tank painted as used at Guadalcanal during World War II all behind a diagonal lightning bolt (striking from the shields upper left to the shields lower right). The crest is a Marine Corps emblem of silver and gold contained within a green laurel. A gold banner above the arms is inscribed "First Tank Battalion" and another below the arms inscribed "August-Guadalcanal-1942" in scarlet.


1st Tank Battalion, Insignia
The battle of Guadalcanal began in August 1942 and was the first combat action of the battalion and the M2A4 tank was the first tank used by the battalion. Additionally, the battalion was the only American military unit to ever use the M2A4 tank in battle. The use of this tank memorializes the first combat action of the battalion. The jousting shield is a unique device of mounted and armored warriors and has the upper corner cut away to better wield one's weapons. The colors of the shield and the 1st Marine Division numeral "1" identify the battalion with its parent division. The lightning bolt represents speed, shock effect and firepower. The laurel, in the crest, is an award of honor, recalling the courage, valor and sacrifices of the battalion.


1st Tank Battalion, Insignia
This coat of arms has existed in Marine Corps records—in varied forms—since at least 1970. Other variations exist, often placing the emblems from the coat of arms (the number "1", the tank and lightning bolt) on a differently shaped shield or on the diamond insignia of the 1st Marine Division, often substituting a more modern tank for the original and sometimes rearranging the emblems. This latter device (the number "1", tank, and lightning bolt upon the diamond insignia of the 1st Marine Division) is commonly used as the distinctive unit insignia (or DUI, a badge-type device) of the battalion.


1st Tank Battalion, Mission
To provide combat power to the 1st Marine Division in the form of amphibious and/or Maritime Preposition Forces; conduct operations ashore utilizing maneuver, armor protected firepower and shock action in order to close with and destroy the enemy.


1st Tank Battalion, Mission
As an independent battalion, First Tank Battalion is responsible to the Commanding General, 1st Marine Division for providing armored assets as well as anti-armor systems and staff expertise in their employment.


1st Tank Battalion, History
The 1st Tank Battalion was activated on 1 November 1941 at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina and was attached to the 1st Marine Division. At this time, Headquarters and Service Company and Company B were organized. Company A had been in existence prior to this activation. This unit was originally activated on 1 August 1940 as the 3d Tank Company. It was reorganized and redesignated as Company A, 1st Tank Battalion, on 1 May 1941. Other companies of the battalion were later activated in early 1942.


1st Tank Battalion, History, World War II
After the outbreak of World War II the unit subsequently was ordered to the South Pacific and began movement to the area in the Spring of 1942. Companies from the battalion were eventually deployed to Samoa and New Zealand. The first combat operation for units from the battalion was the Guadalcanal campaign, in which they were equipped with the predecessor of the famed M3 Stuart light tank; the M2A4 light tank. On 7 August 1942, Companies A and B took part in the 1st Marine Division's landings on the Japanese held island.


1st Tank Battalion, History, World War II
The next month saw, M2A4 light tanks from the battalion supporting infantry units in the Battle of Bloody Ridge. The two companies continued to engage the enemy until the end of the year when the 1st Marine Division was relieved by the Army forces. The 1st Tank Battalion's campaign during this period was unique, in that the only combat experienced by the M2A4 light tank in World War II, by US forces, was while assigned to the US Marine Corps 1st Tank Battalion. The division was then moved to Australia in January 1943 where units of the 1st Tank Battalion were once again reunited.


1st Tank Battalion, History, World War II
Late that year the battalion moved to New Guinea to begin preparations for the Cape Gloucester, New Britain operation. 1st Marine Division units including the 1st Tank Battalion made an amphibious assault on Cape Gloucester the day after Christmas 1943. Battalion tanks were immediately committed to the drive to expand the beachhead; but progress was impeded, not only by the resistance of the Japanese but also by the torrential rains and the rough terrain. For the rest of the month and in early January, the Marines made heavy contact with Japanese forces.


1st Tank Battalion, History, World War II
Company B, which had been located on New Guinea, landed in the Arawe area of New Britain on 12 January 1944 to support Army forces there. Battalion units remained committed to the struggle for New Britain until Spring. By the beginning of May, however, all elements of the 1st Tank Battalion had been withdrawn from both New Britain and New Guinea and relocated to Pavavu Island in the Russell Islands.


1st Tank Battalion, History, World War II
The assault and capture of Peleliu in the Palau Group was the next combat mission for the battalion. On 15 September 1944, it participated in the initial landing on the island. The 1st Tank Battalion, during this campaign rendered conspicuous service in defeating the enemy. Bitter fighting for the battalion continued for another two weeks. On 2 October 1944, it was withdrawn and redeployed to the Russells.


1st Tank Battalion, History, World War II
The last campaign of the war for the 1st Tank Battalion was the assault on Okinawa. Beginning on 1 April 1945, the battalion was actively engaged in wresting control of the island fortress from the Japanese. The ferocity of the fighting during the battle is shown in the following losses of battalion tanks:  28 destroyed and 163 damaged.


1st Tank Battalion, History, World War II
The cessation of hostilities was followed by the deployment of the battalion to North China in early October for occupation duty in Tientsin. In January 1947, the battalion minus Company B was relieved of its responsibilities in China and ordered to Guam. Another transfer occurred four months later. This time the unit with the exception of Company A was returned to the United States. The battalion arrived at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California on 1 May 1947, where it remained for the following three years.


1st Tank Battalion, History, Korean War
Shortly after the Communist invasion of South Korea in June 1950, the battalion was ordered to prepare to mount out for the Far East. The first element of the battalion arrived in the war zone on 2 August 1950. Upon arrival, it disembarked at the port of Pusan and immediately commenced operations against the enemy. The battalion, with Company A now reattached also participated in the amphibious landing at Inchon on 15 September. The 1st Tank Battalion remained engaged with both North Korean and Chinese Communist forces for three years. Redeployment back to the United States finally came in 1955.


1st Tank Battalion, History, Korean War
During WWII the 3rd Tank Battalion received 18 M4-A3R8 Shermans with coaxial flamethrowers that the Chemical Warfare Service: Flame Tank Group Seabees had produced. Postwar those tanks were dispersed between Hawaii and California. The Corps got nine of them together to form a flamethrowing platoon that was sent to Korea as a component of the 1st Tank Battalion.


1st Tank Battalion, History, Vietnam War
In March 1966 most of 1st Tank's M48A3 Patton tanks were  deployed to the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam). All of the battalion's components were reunited in Vietnam during May. Upon arrival in theater, the battalion was ordered to support 1st Marine Division units operating in Military Region I (MR-I), better known as I Corps, in tactical operations against the Viet Cong, and the North Vietnamese Army. The 1st Tank Battalion remained actively deployed until March 1970. At that time the Battalion was returned to Camp Pendelton.


1st Tank Battalion, History, Gulf War and the 1990s
When Iraq invaded Kuwait in August 1990, 1st Tank Battalion deployed to Saudi Arabia's part of 1st Marine Expeditionary Force. On 7 September, the battalion was fully equipped with M60A1 Combat Tanks from Maritime Preposition Squadron 3 and was deployed from Al Jubail, Saudi Arabia as the armored backbone of the multinational force which was established during Operation Desert Shield in 1990. On 24 February 1991, less than a month into the Desert Storm phase of the campaign, the 1st Tank Battalion spearheaded the assault of Task Force Papa Bear into Kuwait. Company A was supporting Task Force Ripper.


1st Tank Battalion, History, Gulf War and the 1990s
By 27 February, 1st Tank Battalion had reached the Kuwait International Airport and all Iraqi forces were destroyed. The cease-fire was established on 28 February and by April 1991, the battalion returned home to Las Flores, Camp Pendleton. On 2 June 1992 the colors of 1st Tank Battalion were transferred to Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine Palms, California.


1st Tank Battalion, History, Iraq War
1st Tank Battalion participated in the 2003 invasion of Iraq during Operation Iraqi Freedom. They were present when Corporal Edward Chin of Bravo Company, (attached to 3rd Battalion 4th Marines) placed the American flag over Saddam's statue in Firdos Square before it was demolished. Since then, they have also participated in Operation Vigilant Resolve near and around the city of Fallujah. 1st Tank Battalion operated in support of Marine infantry for the duration of Operation Iraqi Freedom as armored support. Due to the continually shifting missions, members of the battalion also deployed as provisional infantry or provisional combat engineers. Currently 1st Tank Battalion is equipped with 58 M1A1 Abrams main battle tanks.


1st Tank Battalion, History, Afghanistan
On 1 January 2011 Company D, 1st Tank Battalion, deployed to Camp Leatherneck, Afghanistan and was the first American mechanized unit to employ the M1A1 Main Battle Tank in Helmand Province. These Tank Companies deployed in support of International Security Forces- Afghanistan. Company D deployed from Jan to Jul 2011, Company A deployed from Jan to Jul 2012, and Company D deployed from Jan to Jul 2013 as Tank Companies. In this time Company C deployed as a route clearance company (Oct 2011 to May 2012), Company B with elements from H&S Company deployed as an advisory team (Jan 2012 to Jul 2012).


1st Tank Battalion, History, Decommissioning
1st Tank Battalion was officially decommissioned on 21 May 2021 at a ceremony held at MCAGCC 29 Palms, CA. The deactivation was part of a larger restructuring of the Marine Corps as part of the Commandant's Force Design 2030 initiative. The Marine Corps is divesting itself of larger, armor formations in order to create more expeditionary formations that can operate in the Indo-Pacific and provide long range precision fires in support of fleet maneuver.


1st Tank Brigade (Soviet Union)
The 1st Tank Brigade was a Soviet tank brigade taking a part in World War II. The brigade was in the lines during 18 September 1941 to 16 February 1942.


1st Tank Brigade (Soviet Union), History
The 1st Tank Brigade was formed 14 September 1941 in Kosteryovo on the basis of the disbanded 32nd and 34th Tank Divisions. At the time of formation there were in the brigade 7 KV-1, 22 T-34 and 32 T-40 with 1 847 of personnel assets. 15th September, 1941 the brigade departed by railway to Okhtyrka and 21 September 1941 concentrated in 20 km southeastward Romny. September 21 to October 25 the brigade had fought retiring from Romny to Belgorod. October 26 to December, 17 the brigade had been restored in the reserve.


1st Tank Brigade (Soviet Union), History
December, 18 the brigade had been deployed to Kastornoye and December, 20 to January, 2 the brigade had advanced from Kastornoye to Shchigry. January, 3 to January, 15 the brigade was in reserve and January, 16 reopened offensive to Shchigry. The offensive was continued to 11 February 1942 and then the brigade taken on the defensive.


1st Tank Brigade (Soviet Union), History
On 16 February 1942 the brigade was retitled to 6th Guards Tank Brigade for distinguished conduct under fire.


1st Tank Brigade (Ukraine)
The 1st Severia Tank Brigade (Ukrainian: 1-ша окрема танкова бригада) is an armored formation of the Ukrainian Ground Forces. The Brigade is located in Honcharivske.


1st Tank Brigade (Ukraine), History
The Brigade was formed from the 292nd Guards Armored Novohrad Orders of the Red Banner, Kutuzov, Bogdan Khmelnitsky, Alexander Nevsky and Red Star Regiment of the 72nd Mechanized Division and 280th Armored Regiment of the 25th Mechanized Division.


1st Tank Brigade (Ukraine), History
On 18 November 2015 the Soviet decorations of brigade's full name (1st Separate Guards Tank Novohrad Orders of the Red Banner, Kutuzov, Bogdan Khmelnitsky, Alexander Nevsky and Red Star Brigade, (Ukrainian: 1-а окрема гвардійська танкова Новгородська орденів Червоного Прапора, Кутузова, Богдана Хмельницького, Олександра Невського і Червоної Зірки бригада) were removed, leaving the full name of 1st Guards Tank Brigade (Ukrainian: 1-ша окрема гвардійська танкова бригада). On 22 August 2016, its Guards title was also removed. It was granted the Siverska honorific on 24 August 2017.


1st Tank Cavalry Regiment (Argentina)
The 1st Tank Cavalry Regiment is a cavalry regiment of the Argentine Army, currently endowed with TAM tanks.


1st Tank Cavalry Regiment (Argentina)
He has his seat in the Army Garrison of Villaguay (Entre Ríos province), which he shares with the 5th Mechanized Infantry Regiment.


1st Tank Destroyer Brigade
The 1st Tank Destroyer Brigade was a United States Army brigade of World War II. It was formed in November 1942, and landed in France in July 1944. It took part in the campaign in Western Europe and was disbanded in November 1945. The 434th Field Artillery Brigade has continued the 1st Tank Destroyer Brigade's lineage since 1947.


1st Tank Destroyer Brigade, History, Role
The 1st Tank Destroyer Brigade was formed at Camp Hood in Texas on 18 November 1942, and was one of the two tank destroyer brigades established by the Army (the other being the 2nd Tank Destroyer Brigade, which was established on 24 November 1944). The initial role of both brigades was to oversee the training of the large number of tank destroyer battalions that had been formed.


1st Tank Destroyer Brigade, History, Role
At this time, US Army doctrine called for tank destroyers to primarily operate as concentrated tank destroyer battalions during combat. These battalions were to be grouped in regiments and brigades when needed to combat large forces of enemy tanks. Combat experience in Europe demonstrated that tank destroyer brigades were not needed. Tank destroyers were usually parcelled out to other units, and were rarely concentrated in battalions. The thirteen tank destroyer group headquarters dispatched to Europe never led massed units of tank destroyers, and nor did the 1st Tank Destroyer Brigade. The 2nd Tank Destroyer Brigade was disbanded in March 1944 without having ever been dispatched overseas.


1st Tank Destroyer Brigade, History, Deployments
The brigade was transferred to Camp Claiborne in Louisiana on 26 February 1944. Between 15 September and 15 November 1943 it took part in the Louisiana Maneuvers. The brigade departed the United States on 2 January 1944, and arrived in the United Kingdom eight days later.


1st Tank Destroyer Brigade, History, Deployments
The 1st Tank Destroyer Brigade was landed in Normandy on 11 July 1944. On 1 August its headquarters took control of Task Force A, which comprised several armoured units and was tasked with securing railroad bridges in Brittany as part of VIII Corps. Task Force A initially comprised the brigade headquarters, the 15th Cavalry Group and the 159th Engineer Battalion  and was commanded by Brigadier General Herbert L. Earnest. An infantry battalion was later detached from the 83rd Infantry Division to reinforce Task Force A. The task force took part in the early stages of the Battle of Saint-Malo before continuing west. Task Force A was disbanded on 22 September.


1st Tank Destroyer Brigade, History, Deployments
On 30 September 1944 the 1st Tank Destroyer Brigade became the United States Third Army's tank destroyer section. This involved the brigade headquarters staff being integrated into the Third Army's headquarters to provide advice on anti-tank issues. It continued in this role until the end of the war in Europe. Following the German surrender the brigade undertook occupation duties in Germany. It concluded these duties on 31 October 1945 and was disbanded on 3 November that year.


1st Tank Destroyer Brigade, History, Deployments
When the 434th Field Artillery Brigade was formed on 7 May 1947 it inherited the lineage of the 1st Tank Destroyer Brigade.


1st Tank Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 1st Tank Division (戦車第1師団, Sensha Dai-ichi Shidan), was one of four armored divisions of the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II.


1st Tank Division (Imperial Japanese Army), History
The 1st Tank Brigade was created out of four separate armored regiments based in Manchukuo on June 24, 1942. With the addition of one infantry regiment, it was soon raised to the status of a full armored division. Stationed in Ning'an in northern Manchukuo, it was tasked primarily with border patrol of Manchukuo's eastern frontier with the Soviet Union under the overall command of the Japanese First Area Army.


1st Tank Division (Imperial Japanese Army), History
As the situation in the Pacific War against the Allies deteriorated for Japan, in March 1944, the IJA 9th Armored Regiment of the 1st Tank Division was reassigned to the IJA 31st Army, and sent to Saipan, where it was annihilated at the subsequent Battle of Saipan and Battle of Guam. The remaining three regiments participated in Operation Ichi-Go in mainland China. The IJA 3rd Armored Regiment of the 1st Tank Division was reassigned to China and attached to the 11th Army until the end of the war.


1st Tank Division (Imperial Japanese Army), History
In March 1945, the 1st Tank Division with its 5th Armored Regiment was reassigned to the Japanese home islands in preparation for the expected invasion by Allied forces. It gained the IJA 1st Armored Regiment from the 3rd Tank Division, and formed part of the IJA 36th Army under the Japanese Twelfth Area Army. The headquarters unit and IJA 1st Armored Regiment were based in Sano, Tochigi, with the IJA 5th Armored Regiment stationed at Ōtawara, Tochigi (and later relocated to Kazo, Saitama, and the IJA 1st Mechanized Infantry Regiment and the Division’s mechanized artillery stationed at Tochigi.


1st Tank Division (Imperial Japanese Army), History
Anticipating that Allied forces would land at Kujūkuri Beach, the 1st Tank Division was to hold a defensive line stretching from Mount Tsukuba to the Tama River, with forward units deployed to Choshi, Chiba. The surrender of Japan came before the landing, and the 1st Armored Division did not see any combat on Japanese soil.


1st Tank Division (Imperial Japanese Army), History
The 1st Tank Division was demobilized in September 1945 with the rest of the Imperial Japanese Army.


1st Tank Division (Soviet Union)
The 1st Tank Division was a Division sized unit of the Red Army that existed from 1940–42. It was later reformed, from a separate formation, with a different lineage. Within the Soviet Ground Forces it existed as a second line ready division from 1945–2008, at Kaliningrad in the Baltic Military District.


1st Tank Division (Soviet Union), First formation
The division was first formed in July 1940 and had the following structure:


1st Tank Division (Soviet Union), First formation
When under the control of the Leningrad Military District the division was assigned to the 1st Mechanized Corps where it remained until its disbandment. When the division was disbanded the division was broken up and used to create the new 122nd and 124th Tank Brigades. Before disbandment the division contained the following units:


1st Tank Division (Soviet Union), Second formation
The Division was re-formed for its second time on 18 August 1941 from the 1st Motor Rifle Division. The division had the following formation upon creation:


1st Tank Division (Soviet Union), Insterburgskaya Tank Division
The division was established 4 July 1945 in Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblast, from the 1st Tank Corps.


1st Tank Division (Soviet Union), Insterburgskaya Tank Division
After the end of the war the division was stationed in Kaliningrad and had the following structure:


1st Tank Division (Soviet Union), Early 1950s
After force reductions in early 1953, Soviet divisions were re-organized and most were drawn down to just cadre brigades, including the 1st Tank Division. The reforms mostly were because of the draw-down after the end of the Second World War and the changes were mostly organized by Nikita Khrushchev and his cabinet. The "division" had the following structure after the re-forms:


1st Tank Division (Soviet Union), Early 1950s
Later in June of 1957 the division was re-organized yet again including:


1st Tank Division (Soviet Union), Early 1950s
Just three years later in 1960, the 72nd Independent Tank Training Battalion was disbanded.


1st Tank Division (Soviet Union), Structure in 1990
After many years the Soviet Ground Forces had a major re-fit under Dmitry Yazov including the 1st Tank Division. In 1990 the division consisted of the following just before its major re-organization:


1st Tank Division (Soviet Union), Structure in 1990
In 1993 the 1st Tank Division was reduced in status to the 2nd Independent Tank Brigade. Finally, in 1998 the brigade was re-organized and became the 385th Weapons and Equipment Storage Base. The base was finally disbanded in 2008 as a result of the 2008 Russian military reform.


1st Tank Section (Australia)
The 1st Tank Section was an Australian Army armoured unit formed in 1930 equipped with the Vickers Medium Mark II medium tank.


1st Tank Section (Australia)
The unit was raised in February 1930 and was based at Randwick, New South Wales. Training was undertaken at Greenhills part of the Liverpool Military Area, Sydney. The unit was disbanded in November 1937 with the men and equipment transferring to the newly created 1st Light Tank Company.


1st Technical School (JASDF)
The 航空自衛隊第1術科学校 (1st Technical School, kōkūjieitai-dai-ichi-jutsukagakkō) is a training unit belonging to Air Training Command of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force based at Hamamatsu Air Base in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.


1st Tennessee & Alabama Independent Vidette Cavalry
The 1st Tennessee and Alabama Vidette Cavalry served in the Union Army between September 10, 1863, and June 16, 1864, during the American Civil War.


1st Tennessee & Alabama Independent Vidette Cavalry, Service
Companies "A", "B", "C", "G" and "H" were organized at Stevenson and Bridgeport, Alabama, between September 10, 1863, to April 26, 1864. Companies "D", "E" and "F", were organized at Tracy City and Nashville, Tennessee, between December 9, 1863, to February 24, 1864. The vidette cavalry participated in the skirmish at Hunt's Mills near Larkinsville, Alabama. They were a part of an expedition to Lebanon between December 12 and 29. Another skirmish at Sand Mountain, Alabama, December 26. They were mustered out on June 16, 1864.


1st Tennessee & Alabama Independent Vidette Cavalry, Bibliography
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1st Tennessee Cavalry Regiment (Union)
The 1st Tennessee Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was also known as 1st East Tennessee Cavalry.


1st Tennessee Cavalry Regiment (Union), Service
The 1st Tennessee Cavalry was organized in November 1862 at Camp Dennison, Ohio from the 4th Tennessee Infantry, and mustered in for a three-year enlistment under the command of Colonel Robert Johnson.


1st Tennessee Cavalry Regiment (Union), Service
The regiment was attached to Camp Dennison, Ohio, to December 1862. Reserve Brigade, Cavalry Division, Army of the Cumberland, to January 1863. 1st Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division, Army of the Cumberland, to November 1864. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, Cavalry Corps, Military Division Mississippi, to January 1865. District Middle Tennessee, Department of the Cumberland, to June 1865.


1st Tennessee Cavalry Regiment (Union), Service
The 1st Tennessee Cavalry mustered out of service at Nashville, Tennessee during April and June 1865.


1st Tennessee Cavalry Regiment (Union), Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 356 men during service; 4 officers and 56 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 3 officers and 293 enlisted men died of disease or accident.


1st Tennessee Heavy Artillery Regiment (African Descent)
The 1st Tennessee Heavy Artillery Regiment (African Descent) was an artillery regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


1st Tennessee Heavy Artillery Regiment (African Descent), Service
The 1st Tennessee Heavy Artillery (African Descent) was organized at Memphis, Tennessee, and mustered in for three years under the command of Colonel Ignatz G. Kappner. As was custom at the time, the regiment was designated the 1st Tennessee (Colored) Heavy Artillery. The regiment was initially recruited as eight companies, but actually mustered with twelve.


1st Tennessee Heavy Artillery Regiment (African Descent), Service
The regiment was attached to 1st Brigade, 5th Division, District of Memphis, XVI Corps, Department of the Tennessee, to April 1864.


1st Tennessee Heavy Artillery Regiment (African Descent), Service
The 1st Tennessee Heavy Artillery (African Descent) ceased to exist on March 11, 1864, when its designation was changed to the 2nd United States Heavy Artillery Regiment (Colored). The latter designation was changed again on April 26, 1864, to 3rd United States Colored Heavy Artillery Regiment.


1st Tennessee Heavy Artillery Regiment (African Descent), Detailed service
During its brief existence, the regiment performed post and garrison duty at Memphis, and at Fort Pickering, Defenses of Memphis, June 1863 to April 1864.


1st Tennessee Infantry Regiment
The 1st Tennessee Infantry Regiment (also known as the "First Tennessee") was an infantry regiment in the Confederate States Army during the Civil War, and was successively commanded by Colonels George Maney and Hume R. Field.


1st Tennessee Infantry Regiment, History
The Regiment was originally organized on the 9th of May in 1861. It was officially mustered into Confederate service on August 1st of the same year. George Maney, who commanded the Rock City Guards battalion which became companies A, B and C, was elected colonel for the first 90 days. After that, command passed to Hume Field.


1st Tennessee Infantry Regiment, History
Confederate martyr Sam Davis joined the regiment as a scout, but he was later executed as a spy by Union forces despite his wearing a butternut Confederate uniform when he was captured.


1st Tennessee Infantry Regiment (Union)
The 1st Tennessee Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


1st Tennessee Infantry Regiment (Union), Service
The 1st Tennessee Infantry was organized at Camp Dick Robinson in Garrard County, Kentucky August through September 1861 and mustered in for a three-year enlistment.


1st Tennessee Infantry Regiment (Union), Service
The regiment was attached to Thomas' Command, Army of the Ohio, to November 1861. 12th Brigade, Army of the Ohio, to December 1861. 12th Brigade, 1st Division, Army of the Ohio, to February 1862. 24th Brigade. 7th Division, Army of the Ohio, to October 1862. 3rd Brigade, District of West Virginia, Department of the Ohio, to November 1862. 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, Center, XIV Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to January 1863. 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, XIV Corps, to April 1863. District of Central Kentucky, Department of the Ohio, to June 1863.


1st Tennessee Infantry Regiment (Union), Service
1st Brigade, 1st Division, XXIII Corps, Army of the Ohio, to August 1863. 1st Brigade, 4th Division, XXIII Corps, to October 1863. 2nd Brigade, 4th Division, XXIII Corps, to November 1863. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, Cavalry Corps, Department of the Ohio, to April 1864. 3rd Brigade, 4th Division, XXIII Corps, to May 1864. 3rd Brigade, 3rd Division, XXIII Corps, to August 1864. 2nd Brigade, 4th Division, XXIII Corps, to February 1865. 2nd Brigade, 4th Division, District of East Tennessee, to August 1865.


1st Tennessee Infantry Regiment (Union), Service
The 1st Tennessee Infantry mustered out of service on August 8, 1865.


1st Tennessee Infantry Regiment (Union), Detailed service
Duty at Camp Dick Robinson and at London, Ky., until January 1862. Battle of Logan's Cross Roads January 19, 1862. At London and covering Cumberland Gap until March. Skirmishes at Big Creek Gap and at Jacksboro March 14 (Company A). Reconnaissance to Cumberland Gap and skirmishes March 21–23. Cumberland Gap Campaign March 28-June 18. Occupation of Cumberland Gap June 18-September 17. Skirmish near Cumberland Gap August 27. Rogers' Gap August 31. Operations at Rogers' and Big Creek Gaps September 10. Evacuation of Cumberland Gap and retreat to Greenupsburg, Ky., September 17-October 3. Operations at Kanawha Valley, W. Va., until November.


1st Tennessee Infantry Regiment (Union), Detailed service
Ordered to Louisville, Ky., thence to Nashville, Tenn., and duty there until January 1863. Escort trains to Murfreesboro, Tenn., January 2–3. Action at Cox's or Blood's Hill January 3, 1863. Reconnaissance to Franklin and Brentwood February 1–2. Ordered to Lexington, Ky., March 11, 1863. Duty in District of Central Kentucky tell June. At Camp Dick Robinson until April. Expedition to Monticello and operations in southeast Kentucky April 25-May 2. At Nicholasville May. Actions at Monticello and Rocky Gap June 9.


1st Tennessee Infantry Regiment (Union), Detailed service
Sander's Raid on East Tennessee & Virginia Railroad and destruction of Slate Creek, Strawberry Plains and Mossy Creek bridges June 14–24. Kingston June 16. Wartzburg June 17. Lenoir Station. June 19. Knoxville June 19–20. Rogers' Gap June 20. Powder Springs Gap June 21. Powell Valley June 22. Pursuit of Morgan July 3–23. At Lebanon and Camp Nelson July. Operations against Scott's forces in eastern Kentucky July 25-August 6. Near Winchester July 29. Irvine July 30. Lancaster, Stanford and Pain's Lick Bridge July 31. Smith's Shoals, Cumberland River, August 1. Burnside's Campaign in eastern Tennessee August 16-October 19. Jacksborough August 28.


1st Tennessee Infantry Regiment (Union), Detailed service
Winter's Gap August 31. Athens September 10 and 25. Calhoun September 18. Calhoun and Charleston September 25. Cleveland October 9. Philadelphia October 20–22. Sweetwater October 24. Leiper's Ferry October 28. Knoxville Campaign November 4-December 23. Marysville November 14. Lenoir Station November 14–15. Near Loudoun and Holston River November 15. Campbell's Station November 16. Siege of Knoxville November 17-December 5. Russellville December 10. At and near Bean's Station December 9–15. Blain's Cross Roads December 16–19. Hay's Ferry, near Dandridge, December 24. Mossy Creek, Talbot Station, December 29. Bend of Chucky and Rutledge January 16, 1864. Operations about Dandridge January 16–17.


1st Tennessee Infantry Regiment (Union), Detailed service
Seviersville January 26. Near Fair Garden January 27. Fentress County February 13. Sulphur Springs February 26. Atlanta Campaign May to August. Demonstration on Dalton May 8–11. Battle of Resaca May 14–15. Cartersville May 20. Operations on line of Pumpkin Vine Creek and battles about Dallas, New Hope Church and Allatoona Hills May 25-June 5. Operations about Marietta and against Kennesaw Mountain June 10-July 2. Lost Mountain June 15–17. Muddy Creek June 17. Noyes Creek June 19. Cheyney's Farm June 22. Olley's Creek June 26–27. Assault on Kennesaw June 27. Nickajack Creek July 2–5. Chattahoochie River July 6–17. Peachtree Creek July 19–20. Siege of Atlanta July 22-August 11. Relieved August 11 and ordered to Knoxville, Tenn. Duty there and in eastern Tennessee until March 1865. Expedition from Irish Bottom to Evans' Island January 25, 1865. Ordered to Cumberland Gap March 16, 1865, and duty there until August.


1st Tennessee Infantry Regiment (Union), Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 385 men during service; 49 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 2 officers and 334 enlisted men died of accident or disease.


1st Test and Evaluation Squadron
The 1st Test and Evaluation Squadron (1 TES) is a United States Space Force test and evaluation unit, located at Schriever Space Force Base, Colorado. The squadron is tasked with testing and evaluation command and control systems for Space Operations Command.


1st Test and Evaluation Squadron
1 TES was activated on 27 August 2021 and assigned to Space Delta 12, Space Training and Readiness Command.


1st Test and Evaluation Squadron, Mission
Evaluate relevant command and control systems and plans for Space Operations Command, integrating continuously improving Joint combat capability to space warfighters and commanders.


1st Test and Evaluation Squadron, History, Space Launch Test
The 1st Air and Space Test Squadron was a unit of the 30th Space Wing of the United States Air Force, responsible for spacelift and test operations.


1st Test and Evaluation Squadron, History, Space Launch Test
The squadron's operations included launching of the Minotaur I and Minotaur IV and Pegasus rockets; as well as testing the Boeing Interceptor and Minotaur II target vehicles.


1st Test and Evaluation Squadron, History, Space Launch Test
The squadron's mission was to provide complete service launch and test operations for current and future space launch vehicles, targets, interceptors and experimental space systems.


1st Test and Evaluation Squadron, History, World War II
The squadron was established by Headquarters, United States Army Air Corps in early 1940 as the 1st Photographic Squadron. It performed aerial mapping primarily over the northeastern United States prior to the Pearl Harbor Attack using obsolescent cargo and Martin B-10 bombers.


1st Test and Evaluation Squadron, History, World War II
After the United States entry into World War II, equipped with Lockheed A-29 Hudsons, Beech C-45 Expeditors and Douglas A-20 Havocs (all in photographic reconnaissance configuration) and performed aerial photography and mapping over uncharted areas of Newfoundland, Labrador and Greenland for development of the Northeast Transport Route for the movement of aircraft, personnel and supplies across the North Atlantic from the United States to Iceland and the United Kingdom.


1st Test and Evaluation Squadron, History, World War II
The squadron re-equipped with long-range Consolidated B-24 Liberator reconnaissance aircraft and deployed to Alaska in late 1943, assisting in the establishment of landing fields in the Aleutian Islands; also to map uncharted areas of internal Alaska to establish Lend Lease aircraft emergency landing fields over trans-Alaska route from Ladd Field and Elmendorf Field to Nome.


1st Test and Evaluation Squadron, History, World War II
The squadron was relieved from assignment in Alaska and returned to the Continental United States. It deployed to the Mediterranean Theater of Operations across the South Atlantic Transport Route to North Africa in early 1944. It performed aerial surveys and mapping over Sicily; Italy and along the North African Coast and Middle East with B-24s and some Boeing B-17Fs converted to F-9 reconnaissance configuration over non-combat areas. It then deployed to India and China; performing unarmed long-range mapping of remote areas of the China-Burma-India Theater over combat areas in support of ground forces and strategic target identification over Indochina and the Malay Peninsula for follow-up raids by XX Bomber Command operating from India.


1st Test and Evaluation Squadron, History, World War II
The unit returned to the United States in late 1944. It was equipped with very long range Boeing B-29 Superfortresses converted to F-13A reconnaissance configuration. It deployed to the Central Pacific Area after the Surrender of Japan and was assigned to the Eighth Air Force. The squadron performed reconnaissance mapping flights over Japan, Korea and China. The B-29s returned to the United States in early 1946 for storage or reassignment; unit largely demobilized on Okinawa, flying some light liaison and courier aircraft. It was inactivated in early 1947 and disbanded on 8 October 1948.


1st Test and Evaluation Squadron, History, Test Operations in the Pacific
The squadron replaced the 6400th Test Squadron, which had been organized in 1967, in 1969. It conducted weapons system evaluation, known as COMBAT SAGE, of F-4 aircraft, of F-15 aircraft from 1980, and of F-16 aircraft from 1982, until shortly before inactivation. It also trained visiting aircrews from other Pacific Air Forces units in weapons employment and tactics.


1st Test and Evaluation Squadron, References, Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website .


1st Texas Cavalry Regiment (Union)
The 1st Texas Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment from Texas that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Raised in Louisiana in 1862; it served in the Department of the Gulf and in Texas. It was consolidated with the 2nd Texas Cavalry Regiment in November 1864. Afterwards it continued to serve until being disbanded in November 1865.


1st Texas Infantry Regiment
The 1st Texas Infantry Regiment, nicknamed the "Ragged Old First," was an infantry regiment raised in Texas for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia.


1st Texas Infantry Regiment
The 1st Texas Infantry Regiment was assembled at Richmond, Virginia, in August, 1861, with ten companies from Marion, Cass, Polk, Houston, Harrison, Tyler, Anderson, Cherokee, Sabine, San Augustine, Newton, and Nacogdoches counties. Later two companies from Galveston and Trinity County were added to the command. Part of Hood's Texas Brigade, it served under Generals Hood, J.B. Robertson, and John Gregg. The regiment fought with the Army of Northern Virginia from Seven Pines to Cold Harbor except when it was detached with Longstreet at Suffolk, Chickamauga, and Knoxville.


1st Texas Infantry Regiment
It was involved in the Petersburg siege north and south of the James River and later the Appomattox Campaign. This unit had 477 effectives in April, 1862 and lost 186 of the 226 engaged at Sharpsburg, a casualty rate of 82.3% percent. This staggering casualty rate was the highest suffered by any regiment, North or South, on a single day, during the entire war. In incurring these losses during ferocious fighting in Miller's cornfield the regiment lost a battle flag which was picked up by federal troops when they re-occupied the cornfield (the First Texas having previously withdrawn without noticing the loss of their flag).


1st Texas Infantry Regiment
The highest number of casualties, on the other hand, was suffered by the 26th North Carolina Infantry at the battle of Gettysburg. They suffered 72% casualties out of the 820 engaged. The 1st Texas suffered more than twenty percent of the 426 during the same engagement. It surrendered with 16 officers and 133 men. The field officers were Colonels Frederick S. Bass, Hugh McLeod, Alexis T. Rainey, and Louis T. Wigfall; Lieutenant Colonels Harvey H. Black, Albert G. Clopton, R.J. Harding, and P.A. Work; and Majors Matt. Dale and John R. Woodward.


1st Texas Infantry Regiment
The 1st Texas also lost a battle flag on April 8, 1865, at Appomattox Court House when it was captured by 1st Lt . Morton A. Read of the 8th New York Cavalry. Read earned the Medal of Honor for this deed.


1st Texas Infantry Regiment, Battle of Gettysburg
On July 2, 1863 Brigadier General Jerome Robertson and his Texas Brigade arrived at Gettysburg around 9:00 A.M. Among the regiments under the command of Robertson was the 1st Texas Infantry. The 1st Texas fought hard during its time at Gettysburg and achieved much for fighting with lesser numbers than the enemy. Lieutenant Colonel Phillip A. Work commanded the 1st Texas and successfully took the major objectives that he was assigned to take.


1st Texas Infantry Regiment, Battle of Gettysburg
Robertson and his Texas Brigade arrived at their position on Seminary Ridge, along with the rest of the Confederate forces, and   quickly organized his regiments left to right with the 3rd Arkansas Infantry Regiment on the left, then the 1st Texas, 4th Texas, and 5th Texas. Soon after arrival on Seminary Ridge, both Union and Confederate artillery opened fire. According to General R. H. Anderson, the ridge that the enemy forces sat on was about twelve hundred yards away from the ridge that the Confederate forces positioned on.


1st Texas Infantry Regiment, Battle of Gettysburg
Anderson also mentioned that the area between the two ridges was “slightly undulating, enclosed by rail and plank fences and under cultivation.”  For nearly an hour the Confederate troops stood in formation as the Union artillery collided with their lines. The troops of the 1st Texas infantry jumped as the cannon fire hit around them, as did the rest of the Confederate forces, but stood strong in their formation. The order to charge and take the heights was finally issued. As soon as he received the order, Lieutenant Colonel Phillip Work ran to the front of his regiment, pointed to his regiments flag and yelled “Follow the Lone Star Flag to the top of the mountain!”.


1st Texas Infantry Regiment, Battle of Gettysburg
Robertson and his Texas Brigade faced many problems almost as soon as they moved off their original position on Seminary Ridge. The Federal batteries in The Peach Orchard area and above Devil's Den increased their fire. Robertson ordered the men to throw down a rail fence that obstructed their path. As soon as this obstruction was out of the way the men moved across Emmitsburg Road and continued forward. Robertson now faced a problem caused by Evander M. Law's Brigade.


1st Texas Infantry Regiment, Battle of Gettysburg
Robertson had orders to keep his left on Emmitsburg Road and his right on Law's left but Law's Brigade bore too sharply to the right and a large gap formed in the middle of Robertson's forces. The 3rd Arkansas and 1st Texas stubbornly stuck to the Emmitsburg Road while the 4th and 5th Texas regiments stuck with Law's forces. The 3rd Arkansas Infantry Regiment and 1st Texas now advanced to the west branch of Plum Run (Rock Creek) near the Timber's House and the Rose Woods. At this point the gap in Robertson's forces was over one hundred yards. Robertson tried to move his regiments back together but they were already engaged and so it became impossible. Robertson quickly made the decision to stick with the left wing and sent a message to Evander M. Law telling him to watch out for the 4th and 5th Texas.


1st Texas Infantry Regiment, Battle of Gettysburg
The 1st Texas Infantry now moved up toward the triangular field and as soon as they were in the open started receiving artillery fire from Smith's battery on Houck's Ridge. The Texans continued moving until they reached a stone wall at the base of the triangular field. The 1st Texas found some safety behind this stone wall because the guns of Smith's battery could not depress far enough to fire on them. The troops formed two lines behind the wall with the front line kneeling behind the wall and the back line standing behind them.


1st Texas Infantry Regiment, Battle of Gettysburg
The Texans quickly opened fire on Smith's gunners and silenced the guns on the ridge. The men now jumped over the stone wall and rushed forward towards the guns but confusion soon followed. Part way up the hill the regiment heard orders to retreat and so they began to fall back but then received more orders that countermanded the first. Private James Bradfield recalled “No one seemed to know whence it came, nor from whom”.


1st Texas Infantry Regiment, Battle of Gettysburg
This first rush at the enemy made it within fifty yards of Smith's battery but was quickly repelled by the 124th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment and Ward's Brigade. Next the Texans regrouped and pushed slowly forward a few feet at a time but they were once again repelled by the artillery atop the ridge and the 124th New York. The 124th now charged into the line of the 1st Texas and drove them back down the rocky slope. The 1st Texas infantry fell back to the southwest wall of the triangular field and held their ground here.


1st Texas Infantry Regiment, Battle of Gettysburg
As the New Yorkers charged through the open terrain and got within one hundred feet of the wall, the Texans opened fire and “dropped nearly one-quarter of them in their tracks”. The 124th of New York now surged forward once again but they had gone as far as they could go because Brigadier General Henry Benning's Brigade had arrived to support the tired Texans.


1st Texas Infantry Regiment, Battle of Gettysburg
Benning began striding back and forth yelling “give them hell boys!”. Benning's left regiment, the 15th Georgia, now pressed up into the 1st Texas line to relieve them. The Texans refused to back down and so the two regiments mixed together, much to the displeasure of Colonel Work. Work didn't want the Georgians disrupting his line and thought that it would have been better if Benning had flanked the enemy from the side instead.


1st Texas Infantry Regiment, Battle of Gettysburg
The two regiments could not be separated in the middle of the battle and so they fought as one single unit for the remainder of the evening. This support from Benning caused the 124th New York to fall back to their original position and the Confederate soldiers pushed forward into the rocks on Devil's Den. The battery atop Devil's Den continued firing for as long as they could but were soon overrun by the pressing Confederate forces. The two comingled regiments of the 1st


1st Texas Infantry Regiment, Battle of Gettysburg
Texas and the 15th Georgia were soon joined by the 20th Georgia and 44th Alabama and together they took on the combination of the remainder of the 124th New York, the 4th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment, and the 99th Pennsylvania Infantry regiments. After a short, close range melee the Confederates pushed off the Union and the capture of Devil's Den was official. The 1st Texas had managed to hold their ground long enough for reinforcements to arrive and it paid off for them greatly. The Confederates had captured the four guns of Smith's battery and took between one hundred forty and two hundred prisoners from their victory but the day wasn't over yet for the 1st Texas Infantry.


1st Texas Infantry Regiment, Battle of Gettysburg
Over to the left, the 3rd Arkansas Infantry Regiment had not made any progress and so General Robertson ordered Colonel Work to leave two companies of his men on Houck's Ridge and to move the rest of his regiment to help support the 3rd Arkansas. The 1st Texas moved to support the 3rd Arkansas and when they arrived they were met with even more support from the 11th Georgia Infantry and 59th Georgia. Together these forces moved toward the enemy line in this area but the Federal troops in this area were too strong to move and every attack failed.


1st Texas Infantry Regiment, Battle of Gettysburg
The Confederates kept up the attack and eventually the growing pressure on the Federal line became so great that Ward's brigade and the 17th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment had to fall back. The 1st Texas regiment continued to move across the ridge north of Devil's Den, capturing Union soldiers along the way and eventually got to a position that they could fire at Winslow's battery on Little Round Top. Brooke's Union brigade now advanced through the Wheatfield but Colonel Work and the 1st Texas Regiment were ready and waiting. The 1st


1st Texas Infantry Regiment, Battle of Gettysburg
Texas and the 15th Georgia were sitting atop Houck's Ridge and as Brooke approached, Colonel Work ordered his regiment to put an enfilading fire into Brooke's men. As the enemy forces grew, the 1st Texas was forced to fall back towards the field. Colonel Work quickly became concerned about his ability to withdraw his troops and so he ordered the color bearer and some of his men to maintain their position while the rest of the regiment moved to the rear. Unfortunately this plan didn't work because the men refused to leave their flag behind and so the men stayed and continued to fight the Federal reinforcements by raking Brooke's left. The 1st Texas continued their fight until the evening then nightfall brought the end to the day's battles.


1st Texas Infantry Regiment, Battle of Gettysburg
Around 2:00 A.M. on July 3, the 1st Texas and 3rd Arkansas moved to their right in order to rejoin the rest of Robertson's Brigade. All of the men were exhausted so they tossed down their gear in front of Little Round Top and got whatever sleep they could. Confederate officers feared an attack from the enemy and so they awakened the men to erect breastworks soon after they had fallen asleep. Major John Bane reported that by dawn the breastworks stood two feet high. Robertson's Brigade stayed in this position through the majority of the day and only participated in some skirmishing in their front. Many men were killed or wounded by the sharpshooting that proceeded through the day as well as the cannonade that preceded Pickett's Charge.


1st Texas Infantry Regiment, Battle of Gettysburg
Around 3:00 P.M., Colonel Work received an order to move his 1st Texas regiment south to help defend against an anticipated cavalry charge. As the 1st Texas approached the Bushman house they were ordered to knock down part of the wooden fence that obstructed their path. The men proceeded another two hundred yards to take position behind a short stone wall near the edge of the Bushman Woods. Due to many losses from the day before, the 1st


1st Texas Infantry Regiment, Battle of Gettysburg
Texas didn't have enough men to properly cover the wall and so they deployed in a single thin line along the length of the stone wall. Work sent several units out to his left and right in order to protect against any flanking attacks. On the left flank, the men of the 1st Texas tore down a staked fence and rebuilt it beside the stone wall. Reilly's battery also took position about two hundred fifty yards behind the Texans. The men had just barely completed constructing their breastworks when the 1st West Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment appeared.


1st Texas Infantry Regiment, Battle of Gettysburg
Private W. T. White of the 1st Texas noted that “they formed line of battle in plain view of us and charged. We held our fire until they were within fifty or sixty yards of us, when, taking deliberate aim, we fired on them, bringing down many men and horses.”  The cavalry then retreated to their original position to regroup and then charged once again but were repelled just like the first time.


1st Texas Infantry Regiment, Battle of Gettysburg
The cavalry continued to charge and at this point the Texans had fired off their guns and so they used the butts of their guns as the cavalry got close. Private James Henderick also stated that many of the cavalry came up within a few feet of the 1st Texas regiment and so the men knocked them off their horses with rocks and whatever else they could find. The 1st Texas continued to kill many of the charging cavalrymen captured over one hundred prisoners. The men of the 1st


1st Texas Infantry Regiment, Battle of Gettysburg
Texas only got a short reprieve before the 18th Pennsylvania Cavalry arrived and charged their position. The Texans once again repelled the enemy and as Private White stated, “having repulsed the second charge, we felt that we could almost whip all the cavalry the enemy had.” The Union cavalry continued to make demonstrations against the 1st Texas for another two hours but Texan line held strong. As the evening rolled around, Robertson's Brigade received orders to move around the right flank to their original jump off position on Seminary Ridge.


1st Texas Infantry Regiment, Battle of Gettysburg
Robertson's brigade was not fully utilized during July 2 and their problems arose almost as soon as they stepped off their position on Seminary Ridge. Even with these problems that their brigade faced, the 1st Texas regiment managed to achieve their major objectives. Colonel Work and the 1st Texas managed to take Devil's Den and Houck's Ridge through utilizing their terrain such as the stone walls of the triangular field. Even with their smaller forces, the 1st Texas managed to take these objectives and it is a testament to those men and their commander.


1st Texas Infantry Regiment, Battle of Gettysburg
The Texans then continued on to repel a massive Federal cavalry charge when they barely had enough men to cover their position. The use of terrain once again helped the 1st Texas and led them to a victory in their endeavors. This impressive regiment fought hard during their time at the battlefield and finally got a rest when they were ordered to retreat from Gettysburg late the night of July 4.


1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards
The 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards (QDG) is a cavalry regiment of the British Army. Nicknamed The Welsh Cavalry, the regiment recruits from Wales and the bordering English counties of Cheshire, Herefordshire, and Shropshire, and is the senior cavalry regiment, and therefore senior regiment of the line of the British Army. The regiment is part of the Royal Armoured Corps.


1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards, History
The current regiment was formed in 1959 by the amalgamation of 1st King's Dragoon Guards (raised in 1685 by Sir John Lanier as Lanier's or the 2nd Queen's Regiment of Horse in response to the Monmouth Rebellion) and the 2nd Dragoon Guards (Queen's Bays) (raised in 1685 by the Earl of Peterborough as Peterborough's or the 3rd Regiment of Horse, also in response to the Monmouth Rebellion).


1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards, History
The regiment has spent much of its history based in Germany. It served during the Aden Emergency in 1966 and 1967 and its squadrons were dispersed throughout the Middle East during that time. Perhaps the best known member in the 1970s was Captain Mark Phillips, one-time husband of The Princess Anne: they married in 1973.


1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards, History
In 1983, the regiment was deployed to Lebanon in support of the allied Multinational Force, in 1990 it was sent to the Middle East for the Gulf War and in 1996 it was deployed to Bosnia as part of NATO peacekeeping forces during the Yugoslav Wars.


1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards, History
In 2003, the regiment served in Iraq during the invasion of Iraq providing the reconnaissance and light armour support necessary to allow 3 Commando Brigade's advance north to Basra. On their return from Iraq in 2005, Brigadier Rose of 3 Commando Brigade presented the Regiment with the Commando Dagger in recognition of the superb relationship between 'C' Squadron and the Royal Marines during the liberation of Iraq. It is of note that this squadron had the distinction of spending one of the longest periods of constant contact with the enemy for 20 days or so during this operation. In 2006, the QDG deployed again to Iraq on Op TELIC 8 and oversaw the successful transfer of Al Muthanna province back to Iraqi control.


1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards, History
At the end of 2007, the Regiment left Osnabrück and moved to Dempsey Barracks, Sennelager where they trained for a six-month deployment to Afghanistan as part of 3 Commando Brigade. Here they carried out a variety of frontline tasks across Helmand province. QDG were the first Formation Reconnaissance Regiment to deploy to Helmand as the Intelligence, Surveillance and Target Acquisition Group (ISTAR Gp) on Operation HERRICK 15 in 2011. The ISTAR Gp consisted of HQ Squadron, 'C' Squadron, 'D' Squadron QRH, an Intelligence Company, K Battery 5 Regt RA and 11 UAV Battery with 'B' Squadron initially detached to the Danish Battlegroup but joining the remainder of the Regiment towards the end of the tour.


1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards, History
The regiment celebrated its fiftieth anniversary on 31 July 2009 with a ceremony at Cardiff castle and a parade through the streets of Cardiff city, both attended by the Colonel-in-Chief The Prince of Wales. The regiment received a great response from the people of Cardiff. That same year, the unit was also awarded with the Freedom of the City of Swansea.


1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards, History
In 2012, the regiment were called in to provide security for the 2012 London Olympics with composite squadrons focused on supporting the beach volleyball and securing the athletes village. In May of that year, there was speculation that the unit would become a victim of the defence budget cuts. As it was one of only three regiments historically associated with and one that still largely recruits from Wales, there was much support from the Welsh public to keep the QDG. However, Ministry of Defence officials announced no such plan has been made.


1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards, History
As part of the Army 2020 plans, most units based in Germany returned to the UK and the QDG moved to Robertson Barracks, Swanton Morley, Norfolk in June 2015. They have re-roled as "light cavalry", using Jackal vehicles.


1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards, History
In 2014, the Regiment deployed on the final British combat deployment to Helmand Province on Operation HERRICK 20. The principal focus was the protection and handover of Camp Bastion,'C' Squadron formed the Brigade Reconnaissance Force and the remainder of the Regiment worked with the Afghan Army to develop the latter's capabilities and professionalism.


1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards, History
In 2018, the QDG conducted two tours of Poland on Operation Cabrit providing the role for NATO as the enhanced forward presence in order to protect and reassure NATO's Central and Northern European member states on NATO's eastern flank of their security.


1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards, Operational role
The regiment operates in a light cavalry role and is now equipped with Jackal 2 armoured fighting vehicles.


1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards, Regimental museum
The regimental collection is displayed at Firing Line: Cardiff Castle Museum of the Welsh Soldier in Cardiff.


1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards, Uniform, cap badge and march
In 1896, Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria was appointed Colonel-in-Chief of the 1st King's Dragoon Guards and allowed the regiment to wear the Austrian imperial coat of arms, which is still used as the regiment's cap badge today; the collar badge is that of The Queen's Bays. Also the regiment adopted an Austrian military march, Radetzky March, as quick march. The current Regimental March is the Radetzky March and Rusty Buckles, the latter being the Regimental March of The Queen's Bays. Other items of uniform draw on the regiment's dual heritage: thus, whilst the cap of 1st King's Dragoon Guards (with dark blue velvet strip and piping) is worn, trousers have the distinctive broad white stripe of The Queen's Bays.


1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards, Uniform, cap badge and march
Full dress is still worn by some on ceremonial occasions: the 1st King's Dragoon Guards tunic (scarlet with blue velvet facings) being paired with Queen's Bays white-striped overalls. The KDG red-plumed brass cavalry helmet is also worn, together with pouch belts and other accoutrements.


1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards, Uniform, cap badge and march
In the QDG lance corporals wear two chevrons, corporals wear two chevrons surmounted by a rank badge consisting of the Bay’s emblem, which is worn by all senior NCOs. Squadron quartermaster sergeants wear four chevrons with rank badge, the whole surmounted by a crown.


1st The Royal Dragoons
The Royal Dragoons (1st Dragoons) was a mounted infantry and later a heavy cavalry regiment of the British Army. The regiment was formed in 1661 as the Tangier Horse. It served for three centuries and was in action during the First and the Second World Wars. It was amalgamated with the Royal Horse Guards to form The Blues and Royals in 1969.


1st The Royal Dragoons, History, Formation
The regiment was first raised as a single troop of veterans of the Parliamentary Army in 1661, shortly thereafter expanded to four troops as the Tangier Horse, taking the name from their service in Tangier. For the next few years, the regiment defended Tangier, which had been acquired by the English Crown through the marriage of King Charles II to Catherine of Braganza in April 1662, from Moorish cavalry.


1st The Royal Dragoons, History, Formation
The regiment consisted of four troops, three of which were originally troops in the English Regiment of Light Horse in France attached to the French army of Louis XIV and under the command of Sir Henry Jones. They were constituted in 1672 and, after Jones was killed during the siege of Maastricht in 1673 while serving with the Duke of Monmouth, command passed to the Duke. The regiment was ranked as the 1st Dragoons, the oldest cavalry regiment of the line, in 1674.


1st The Royal Dragoons, History, Formation
The regiment was recalled to England in 1678 (it was disbanded in France and reformed in England with most of the same officers) with the expectation of fighting in a war against France. In early 1679, it was disbanded and then reformed in June of that year as Gerard's Regiment of Horse (its colonel being Charles Gerard), with most of the same officers and men, to police the Covenanters in Scotland. The regiment was disbanded in late 1679 and three of its captains, John Coy, Thomas Langston and Charles Nedby, along with their troopers, went out to Tangier in 1680 as reinforcements. When they returned in 1683, they joined what became a new permanent regiment of the Royal Dragoons.


1st The Royal Dragoons, History, Early wars
On their return to England in 1683, the three troops were joined with three newly raised troops and titled The King's Own Royal Regiment of Dragoons, named for Charles II. In 1690, the regiment was renamed as simply The Royal Regiment of Dragoons. It fought at the Battle of the Boyne in July 1690 and the Siege of Limerick in August 1690 during the Williamite War in Ireland.


1st The Royal Dragoons, History, Early wars
The regiment saw action at the Battle of Dettingen in June 1743 and at the Battle of Fontenoy in May 1745 during the War of the Austrian Succession, and having been formally titled as the 1st (Royal) Regiment of Dragoons in 1751, it took part in the Raid on St Malo in June 1758, the Raid on Cherbourg in August 1758 and the Battle of Warburg in July 1760 during the Seven Years' War.


1st The Royal Dragoons, History, Early wars
The regiment also fought at the Battle of Beaumont in April 1794 and the Battle of Willems in May 1794 during the Flanders Campaign. It served under Viscount Wellesley, as the rearguard during the retreat to the Lines of Torres Vedras in September 1810, and charged the enemy at the Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro in May 1811 during the Peninsular War. The regiment also took part in the charge of the Union Brigade under the command of Major-General William Ponsonby at the Battle of Waterloo in June 1815 during the Hundred Days Campaign. Captain Alexander Kennedy Clark, an officer in the regiment, captured the French Imperial Eagle of the 105th Line Infantry Regiment during the battle.


1st The Royal Dragoons, History, Early wars
In 1816 a detachment of the regiment was involved with suppressing the Littleport riots.


1st The Royal Dragoons, History, Early wars
The regiment, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel John Yorke, also took part in the charge of the heavy brigade at the Battle of Balaclava in October 1854 during the Crimean War. Having been re-titled the 1st (Royal) Dragoons in 1877, the regiment also saw action at the Battle of Abu Klea in January 1885 during the Mahdist War.


1st The Royal Dragoons, History, 20th century wars
After the outbreak of the Second Boer War in October 1899, the regiment was sent to South Africa where it arrived at Durban in November. It formed part of the force sent to relieve Ladysmith, taking part in the battles of Colenso (December 1899), Spion Kop (January 1900), and the Tugela Heights (February 1900). In January 1900, the regiment was part of a force that set out to discover the western flank of the Boer lines. It was able to ambush a column of about 200 Boers near Acton Homes and successfully trapped about 40 of them.


1st The Royal Dragoons, History, 20th century wars
From June 1900 to April 1901 the regiment was employed guarding the Buffalo River and the Transvaal approaches to the Drakensberg, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Sclater-Booth. During the rest of the war they were employed in the Transvaal and in the Orange River Colony. Following the end of the war, 623 officers and men of the regiment left South Africa on the SS Kildonan Castle, which arrived at Southampton in October 1902. After their return, they were stationed at Shorncliffe, where they were inspected by their Colonel in Chief Emperor Wilhelm II in November 1902.


1st The Royal Dragoons, History, 20th century wars
The regiment, which had been serving at Potchefstroom in South Africa when the First World War started, returned to the UK and than landed at Ostend as part of the 6th Cavalry Brigade in the 3rd Cavalry Division in October 1914 for service on the Western Front. It took part in the First Battle of Ypres in October 1914, the Second Battle of Ypres in April 1915, the Battle of Loos in September 1915 and the advance to the Hindenburg Line in 1917.


1st The Royal Dragoons, History, 20th century wars
The regiment retitled as the 1st The Royal Dragoons in 1921. It was deployed to Egypt in 1927, to Secunderabad in India in 1929 and to Palestine in 1938.


1st The Royal Dragoons, History, 20th century wars
The regiment mechanised shortly after the outbreak of the Second World War and was transferred to the Royal Armoured Corps in 1940. It was deployed to the Western Desert as the Reconnaissance Regiment for the 1st Armoured Division in December 1941; its men were the first troops to enter Benghazi later that month, before seeing action again at the Battle of Gazala in May 1942. It became the Reconnaissance Regiment for the 10th Armoured Division in September 1942 and helped to destroy the enemy supply columns at the Second Battle of El Alamein in October 1942.


1st The Royal Dragoons, History, 20th century wars
The regiment saw action during the Allied invasion of Sicily in July 1943 and then briefly took part in the Italian campaign before returning home in December 1943 and taking part in the Normandy landings in July 1944. The regiment took part in the advance to the River Elbe and, after taking 10,000 enemy prisoners, liberated Copenhagen in May 1945.


1st The Royal Dragoons, History, Post-war
The regiment moved to Eutin in Schleswig-Holstein in November 1945 and to Dale Barracks in Chester in November 1950. It deployed troops to Egypt in February 1951 and then moved to Combermere Barracks in Wesendorf in May 1954 and to Harewood Barracks in Herford in August 1957. It returned to the UK in September 1959 from where it deployed troops to Aden in November 1959 and to Malaya in December 1960. The regiment survived the immediate post-war reduction in forces, and was re-titled as The Royal Dragoons (1st Dragoons) in 1961. It returned home in October 1962 and then deployed troops to Cyprus in February 1964 before transferring to Hobart Barracks in Detmold in January 1965. It amalgamated with the Royal Horse Guards (The Blues), to form The Blues and Royals in 1969.


1st The Royal Dragoons, Regimental museum
The regimental collection is held by the Household Cavalry Museum which is based at Horse Guards in London.


1st The Royal Dragoons, Colonels – with other names for the regiment
On 1 July 1751, a royal warrant provided that in future regiments would not be known by their colonels' names, but by their "number or rank".


1st The Royal Dragoons, Colonels – with other names for the regiment
In 1969 the regiment amalgamated with Royal Horse Guards (The Blues), to form The Blues and Royals (Royal Horse Guards and 1st Dragoons).


1st Time
"1st Time" is a rap single by  rapper Yung Joc. It is the third single  released off his debut album New Joc City. The single features Trey Songz and Marques Houston. The song failed to be as successful as It's Goin' Down, I Know You See It, or Dope Boy Magic. It premiered on BET's Access Granted on Wednesday November 1, 2006, and is receiving growing air and video play. The video features Eightball & MJG, Doug E. Fresh, Gorilla Zoe, Jody Breeze and Trey Songz.


1st Time
The lyrics are based on a woman having a sexual experience for the first time with a man controversy sparked because the song was originally written by a teenage songwriter "Lil Will" under Jermaine Dupri's So So Def Imprint.


1st Time
The song debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 93 in February 2007. On March 2, the song returned to the charts at number 97 and has thus far peaked at number 82.


1st Tirailleur Regiment
The 1st Tirailleur Regiment (French: 1er régiment de tirailleurs, 1er RTir) is a mechanized infantry unit of the French Army, created in 1994 under the command of the 7th Armoured Brigade. It is mainly composed of active soldiers but also reservists, deployed both overseas and in internal security tasks such as Operation Vigipirate. It is currently only tirailleur regiment in the French army.


1st Tirailleur Regiment, History
It was formed on 1 May 1994 from the 170th infantry regiment. The ceremony was held in Golbey, in the presence of the heirs of the Army of Africa, legionnaires, Spahis, Zouaves and the 170th Infantry Regiment, who kept the flag of the 7th Algerian Tirailleurs Regiment, became the 1er Régiment de Tirailleurs. It is officially recreated under the command of Colonel Jean-Guy Gendras and in the presence of François Léotard, the French Minister of Defence.


1st Tirailleur Regiment, History
It was created in tribute to North African Tirailleurs who took part in all the battles of France on the occasion of the golden jubilee of the Liberation of France. The regiment formerly was stationed at the Haxo Golbey neighborhood and the neighborhood Varaigne in Epinal. Since 2005, the entire regiment has been grouped in Varaigne neighborhood abandoning Haxo.


1st Tirailleur Regiment, Traditions, Regimental Nouba
The regimental military band of the regiment is known as the "Nouba". The traditional uniform is generally derived from those in use in the 19th century. The earliest evidence of music in these African regiments dates back to the centenary of Algeria in 1860, and the painter Edouard Detaille in 1884 represented the nouba of the 2nd Infantry. The band, which is a small size ensemble, has had a turkish crescent used for ceremonial dutues since the end of the First World War.


1st Tirailleur Regiment, Traditions, Mascot
Around 1930, some regiments most often had a mascot, a bighorn sheep or a ram. The mascot of the 1st Regiment is called Messaoud, which in Arabic means "fortune".


1st Tirailleur Regiment, Traditions, Uniform
A characteristic of La Nouba is its oriental dress, which recalls the uniform of the old Algerian tirailleurs created around 1840. The origin of these troops goes back to the Arab and Turkish units formed by the French after the Invasion of Algiers in 1830, with volunteers, contingents provided by different local chiefs, or with organized troops from the various beys defeated by the French.


1st Tirailleur Regiment, Traditions, Uniform
This uniform consists of baggy pants called "saroual", which sky blue or white depending on the season, tightened at the waist by a wide red woolen belt. Its function was to keep the abdomen of soldiers and non-commissioned officers warm to prevent them from suffering from intestinal ailments. The short, blue jacket, with yellow facings drawing beautiful scrolls, is worn over a sleeveless vest: the "sedria". On the head, the skirmishers wear the "chèche", that is to say a strip of white rolled up fabric, or the "chéchia" in crimson felt with a pompom with sky blue fringes. Only this regiment is authorized to wear the golden half-moon on a clear sky-blue background, crowned with three chevrons of the African  arm.


1st Tony Awards
The First Tony Awards, more formally known as the Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre, were held on April 6, 1947, in the Grand Ballroom of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City. Perry was a co-founder of the revived and revised version the American Theatre Wing (ATW) in 1940, and the award were established by the ATW  in her memory after her death in 1946. Fellow ATW co-founder Louise Heims Beck was responsible for overseeing the organization of the 1st Tony Awards.


1st Tony Awards, Background and ceremony
Presented by the ATW, the Awards celebrated "outstanding contributions to the current American theatre season." According to The New York Times, these awards "do not designate their recipients as 'best' or 'first' but the classifications in which they are given will be elastic from year to year." The ceremony, hosted by Brock Pemberton, was broadcast on radio station WOR and the Mutual Network.


1st Tony Awards, Background and ceremony
The awards got their nickname, "Tonys", during the ceremony itself when Pemberton handed out an award and called it a "Toni", referring to the nickname of Antoinette Perry, co-founder of the American Theatre Wing.


1st Tony Awards, Background and ceremony
Musicals represented at the ceremony were Street Scene, Brigadoon and Finian's Rainbow. Oklahoma! and Carousel could not be nominated because, while although still playing their original runs at the time of the awards, they had opened too soon to qualify for the awards (Oklahoma! had opened in 1943, and Carousel in 1945).


1st Tony Awards, Background and ceremony
The award itself was a scroll, an initialed sterling silver compact case for the women, and an engraved gold bill clip or cigarette lighter for the men.


1st Topographic Platoon
The 1st Topographic Platoon is a military unit in the United States Marine Corps located on Camp Pendleton, California. It is composed of members of the Geographic Intelligence Specialist Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) 0261. Most members of the 0261 field are highly trained intelligence operators with extensive knowledge of geospatial intelligence, terrain analysis, land navigation techniques, datums and ellipsoids, coordinate systems, and cartography that make them a valuable asset to the Marine Expeditionary Force. All members are required to attend a 7 month course at the National Geospatial-Intelligence College on Fort Belvoir, Virginia.


1st Topographic Platoon
The platoon deployed a number of times in recent years, including multiple deployments to Iraq in the early 2000s and multiple deployments to Afghanistan in the 2010s with the I Marine Expeditionary Force (Fwd) on Camp Leatherneck.


1st Topographic Survey Squadron
The 1st Topographic Survey Squadron is a unit of the Australian Army. It provides mapping support the Army. The squadron was originally part of the Royal Australian Survey Corps which reintegrated with Royal Australian Engineers on 1 July 1996. It was an independent squadron until 13 January 2003 when it became part of the new 6th Engineer Support Regiment. In 2014 the squadron came under the command of the 1st Intelligence Battalion.


1st Tranny Awards
The 1st Annual Tranny Awards were a pornographic awards event recognizing the best in transgender pornography form the previous year from November 1, 2007 to 31 October 2008. Nominations were announced online on December 16, 2008 on Grooby.com. The winners were announced online on January 9, 2009. The winners were decided by a panel of industry judges. It was the first installment of the Tranny Awards which are now known as the Transgender Erotica Awards.


1st Tranny Awards
This was the first awards dedicated to recognising achievements in transgender pornography. Steven Grooby the founder of the awards stated that he wanted to address the lack of representation of transgender performers in awards.


1st Tranny Awards, Winners and nominees
The nominees for the 1st Tranny Awards were announced on December 16, 2008, online on the Grooby.com website. The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on January 9, 2009.


1st Transportation Support Battalion
1st Transportation Battalion (TB) is a General Support (GS) logistics unit of the United States Marine Corps that is headquartered at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California. The unit falls under the command of Combat Logistics Regiment 1 and the 1st Marine Logistics Group.


1st Transportation Support Battalion, Mission
Provide transportation and throughput support for the Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF) to facilitate the distribution of personnel, equipment, and supplies by air, ground, and sea.


1st Transportation Support Battalion, History, Korean War
The 7th Motor Transport Battalion was activated at the outset of the Korean War on August 5, 1950 at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California. That same month the battalion departed the West Coast for Kobe, Japan where it staged for follow on tasking. On September 15, 1950, 7th Motor Transport Battalion began to come ashore during the Battle of Inchon. The battalion remained in support of the 1st Marine Division for the remainder of the war and took part in the Battle of Chosin Reservoir, fighting on the East-Central Front and action on the Western Front.


1st Transportation Support Battalion, History, Inter-war years
After the Korean Armistice Agreement was signed the battalion remained in Korea until March 1955 when it was relocated back to MCB Camp Pendleton, CA. The battalion was reassigned to the 1st Marine Division in October 1955 and continued to train in the Southwestern United States for the next decade.


1st Transportation Support Battalion, History, Vietnam War
7th Motor Transport Battalion landed in South Vietnam in March 1966. During its time in Vietnam the battalion supported combat operations near Da Nang, Chu Lai and Quảng Trị. 7th Motor Transport Battalion departed South Vietnam in February 1970. Arriving back at MCB Camp Pendleton in March 1970 the battalion was initially assigned to the 5th Marine Expeditionary Brigade. The battalion was again assigned to the 1st Marine Division in April 1971 only to be deactivated the next month on May 7, 1971.


1st Transportation Support Battalion, History, 1970s - 1990s
7th Motor Transport Battalion was reactivated on March 30, 1976 at MCB Camp Pendleton, CA as part of the 1st Force Service Support Group (1st FSSG). The battalion deployed to Saudi Arabia in December 1990. It supported combat operations during the Gulf War and returned to the United States is April 1991. In December 1992, 7th Motor Transport Battalion was part of the Unified Task Force sent to Somalia to conduct humanitarian assistance. The battalion departed Somalia in February 1993. Elements of 7th Motor-T next participated in Operation Vigilant Warrior in Kuwait in response to build up of Iraqi Republican Guard forces on the border in October 1994. The battalion was deactivated on December 8, 1998.


1st Transportation Support Battalion, History, Reactivation and current operations
1st Transportation Support Battalion was reactivated at MCB Camp Pendleton, CA on October 1, 2014, as part of Combat Logistics Regiment 1 and the 1st Marine Logistics Group.


1st Transportation Support Battalion, History, Redesignation
On April 2, 2021 1st Transportation Support Battalion was redesignated as 1st Transportation Battalion. The redesignation of 1st Transportation Support Battalion to 1st Transportation Battalion and deactivation of Landing Support Company and Support Company were modernization initiatives conducted to best align the United States Marine Corps to support the National Defense Strategy.


1st Transportation Support Battalion, Unit awards
A unit citation or commendation is an award bestowed upon an organization for the action cited. Members of the unit who participated in said actions are allowed to wear on their uniforms the awarded unit citation. 1st TSB has been presented with the following awards:.


1st Troop Carrier Group (Provisional)
The 1st Troop Carrier Group (Provisional) was a United States Air Force unit that fought in the Korean War. The unit was attached to Far East Air Forces' Fifth Air Force.


1st Troop Carrier Group (Provisional)
1st TCG was organized at Ashiya Air Base, Japan on 26 August 1950 under operational control of FEAF through the 1st Troop Carrier Task Force (Provisional). The 1st TCG and its provisional squadrons were based at Tachikawa and supported by the 374th Troop Carrier Wing. Personnel from units of Thirteenth and Twentieth Air Forces and the Far East Air Materiel Command (FEAMCOM) manned the 1st TCG. Using C-46s and briefly C-47s, the group began airlifting freight and passengers between Japan and Korea on 2 September 1950.


1st Troop Carrier Group (Provisional)
The group transported a U.S. Marine unit to Pyongyang on 25 and 26 November, then flew emergency air evacuations from Sinanju and other forward bases as the Chinese advanced. Leaving Kimpo AB on 4 January, the group inactivated effective 25 January, with many of its personnel transferring to the 86th Troop Carrier Squadron of the 437th TCG. In its five months of operation, the group carried over 28,000 passengers, 7,000 air evacuees, and almost 12,000 tons of cargo.


1st Troop of Horse Guards
The 1st (His Majesty's Own) Troop of Horse Guards was formed from King Charles II's exiled followers in the Netherlands (the Stuart monarchs had been overthrown during the English Civil War, and replaced with the Commonwealth).


1st Troop of Horse Guards
The regiment was formed in 1658, and placed on the English establishment three years later, with the official formation of the "modern" British Army. It fought at Dettingen, along with four other troops of the Royal Horse Guards, and eventually absorbed the 3rd Troop of Horse Guards and the 1st Troop, Horse Grenadier Guards. On 25 June 1788, the regiment became the 1st Regiment of Life Guards.


1st Troop of Horse Guards, Colonels and former names of the 1st Troop, Horse Guards
On 1 July 1751 a royal warrant provided that in future regiments would not be known by their colonels' names, but by their "number or rank".


1st Troop of Horse Guards, Colonels and former names of the 1st Troop, Horse Guards
On 25 June 1788 became 1st Regiment of Life Guards


1st Tukatovo
1st Tukatovo (Russian: 1-е Тукатово; Bashkir: 1-се Түкәт, 1-se Tükät) is a village in Nukayevsky Selsoviet, Kugarchinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 147 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.


1st Tukatovo, Geography
1st Tukatovo is located 32 km south of Mrakovo (the district's administrative centre) by road.


1st Tupchanovo
1st Tupchanovo (Russian: 1-е Тупчаново; Bashkir: 1-се Төпсән, 1-se Töpsän) is a rural locality (a village) in Yuldybaievsky Selsoviet of Kugarchinsky District, Russia. The population was 126 as of 2010.


1st Tupchanovo, Geography
1st Tupchanovo is located 12 km southeast of Mrakovo (the district's administrative centre) by road.


1st Turkmenevo
1st Turkmenevo (Russian: 1-е Туркменево; Bashkir: 1-се Төрөкмән) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Mukasovsky Selsoviet, Baymaksky District, Russia. The population was 1043 as of 2010.


1st Turkmenevo, Geography
1st Turkmenevo is located 59 km northeast of Baymak (the district's administrative centre) by road.


1st U-boat Flotilla
The 1st U-boat flotilla (German 1. Unterseebootsflottille) also known as the  Weddigen flotilla, was the first operational U-boat unit in Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine (navy). Founded on 27 September 1935 under the command of Fregattenkapitän Karl Dönitz, it was named in honor of Kapitänleutnant Otto Weddigen. Weddigen, a U-boat commander during World War I, died on 18 March 1915 after his submarine U-29 was rammed by the British battleship HMS Dreadnought in the North Sea.


1st U-boat Flotilla
The flotilla at first only consisted of U-9, a Type IIB boat commissioned on 21 August 1935. Later, boats U-1 to U-12 were included in the flotilla, but U-1 to U-6 were only used as training boats and were attached to the U-boat training school in Neustadt. Originally based in Kiel from September 1935-May 1941, it was moved to Brest, France in June 1941. In September 1944, the flotilla was disbanded and its remaining boats were distributed to other flotillas.


1st U.S. Artillery, Battery E
Battery E, 1st U.S. Artillery was a United States Army field artillery battery that was in service between 1821 and 1901, most notably in extensive service with the Union Army during the American Civil War.


1st U.S. Artillery, Battery E
During the Civil War, the battery was present at the Siege of Fort Sumter in April 1861 under the command of Captain Abner Doubleday. Returned to the artillery defenses of Washington, D.C. and rearmed as a field artillery battery, the unit was merged with Battery G, 1st U.S. Artillery in February 1862. Consolidated and renamed Battery E & G, 1st U.S. Artillery, the unit continued with this designation until the end of the war.


1st U.S. Artillery, Battery E
The unit is also known for its participation in the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890.


1st U.S. Artillery, Battery E, Service
Battery E, 1st U.S. Artillery was formed by a reorganization of the U.S. Army artillery service in 1821. The battery saw service in the Second Seminole War and the early engagements of the Mexican-American War.


1st U.S. Artillery, Battery E, Service
At the outbreak of the Civil War, the battery was stationed at Fort Sumter, Charleston Harbor, South Carolina in January 1861, where it was present during the Battle of Fort Sumter in April which sparked the war. It moved to Washington, D.C. where it was attached to Patterson's army to October 1861. Under the command of Captain Alanson Merwin Randol, the battery was merged with Battery G, 1st U.S. Artillery in February 1862, with the Artillery Reserve, Army of the Potomac, to May 1862. 2nd Brigade, Artillery Reserve, V Corps, Army of the Potomac, to September 1862.


1st U.S. Artillery, Battery E, Service
Artillery, 2nd Division, V Corps, to October 1862. Artillery, 3rd Division, V Corps, to May 1863. 2nd Regular Brigade, Artillery Reserve, Army of the Potomac, to June 1863. 2nd Brigade, Horse Artillery, Artillery Reserve, Army of the Potomac, to June 1864. 3rd Brigade, DeRussy's Division, XXII Corps, to July 1864. 1st Brigade, DeRussy's Division, XXII Corps, to October 1865.


1st U.S. Artillery, Battery E, Service
On garrison duty along the East Coast post-war, the battery also participated in the Indian Wars at Wounded Knee.