1st SS Special Regiment Waräger, Background
In the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, a Russian All-Military Union (Russian: Русский Обще-Воинский Союз, abbreviated РОВС, ROVS) was formed by White Army General Pyotr Wrangel on 1 September 1924, initially headquartered in the town of Sremski Karlovci.


1st SS Special Regiment Waräger, Background
After the invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941 and subsequent establishment of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), German military government in Serbia and direct occupation of other Yugoslav lands, the German forces started to recruit local population for its paramilitary formations, primarily for combating emerging Communist-led Anti-fascist Yugoslav Partisans.


1st SS Special Regiment Waräger, Semenov
One such Russian White émigré, Mikhail Alexandrovich Semenov (Russian: Михаил Александрович Cemehob), who was an military officer of the Russian Imperial Army and then of White Army. After relocation to Yugoslavia, he settled in Croatian city of Osijek, where he worked in culture and industry; at that time he was member of different emigre groups: Russian Tsarist Union-Order, Union of Russian National Youth and National Union of Russian Youth /National Union of New Generation.


1st SS Special Regiment Waräger, Semenov
After the formation of NDH, Semenov started to cooperate with the Reich Main Security Office (RSHA), tasked with establishing Russian nationalist-socialist party in Croatia. But soon afterwards, he was sent to Serbia to join Russian Corps (German: Russisches Schutzkorps Serbien, Russian: Русский корпус); some sources also state, that he was an officer in the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen.


1st SS Special Regiment Waräger, Semenov
In April 1942, Semenov was tasked by the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) to form a battalion, based on the Russian White émigrés, living in Yugoslavia and neighboring countries, with added contingent of local Serbian volunteers. At first, the battalion was meant to participated in the SD's Operation Zeppelin, but was then included into the German auxiliary police force in Serbia. Battalion was stationed in Belgrade, Smederevo and Požarevac, where they were responsible for securing roads and rainways against the partisan attacks.


1st SS Special Regiment Waräger, Semenov
In summer 1943, he and selected group of Russian White émigrés were assigned to the Operation Zeppelin for conducting sabotage and long-range reconnaissance missions behind the frontlines, inside the Soviet Union. But in general, the operation was unsuccessful and in summer 1944, the Semenov and his men were sent to Slovenian town of Kamnik.


1st SS Special Regiment Waräger, Regiment
The unit was known as Sonderkommando K or SS Jäger Bataillon and was once again involved in counter-insurgency operations against Slovenian partisans in the area of Upper Carniola. In November 1944, the unit was relocated to Ljubljana, where the unit was enlarged with the transfer of Soviet prisoners of war and in February 1945, the unit was renamed into the SS-Sonder-Regiment I 'Waräger. At first, the newly formed regiment has only five companies (in two battalions) with around 500 men altogether. In February 1945, a part of the regiment was sent to Suha krajina region, to secure positions along the Krka river around the town of Žužemberk.


1st SS Special Regiment Waräger, Regiment
Regiment hold their positions against several partisan attacks until late April 1945, when a general German retreat started from the Slovenian territory. During this time, the regiment was formally transferred fully under the Russian Liberation Army's group under Anton Vasilyevich Turkul, but was in reality still under full German control. While retreating, some regimental personnel were captured by Yugoslav partisans, majority managed to reach Western Allied forces in Italy and Austria. Some of the British-captured regimental men were then transferred to the Red Army (Operation Keelhaul), while others (non-Soviet citizens) were alloved to remain in Europe or emigrate to South America.


1st SS-Standarte
The 1st SS-Standarte was a regimental command of the Allgemeine-SS and one of the units in the General-SS order of battle.


1st SS-Standarte, History
The unit was formed on 1 August 1928. It was reorganized from previous Schutzstaffel (SS) units, known as SS-Gaus. Based in Munich, the 1st SS Standarte was charged with protection of top Nazi Party leaders, including Adolf Hitler. Its first commander was Josef "Sepp" Dietrich. For most of its existence, the command was known by the honor title "Julius Schreck". Schreck had been the co-commander of the first Stabswache bodyguard unit for Hitler in 1923 and later the first leader of the SS.


1st SS-Standarte, History
By 1929, Hitler had re-formed a personal bodyguard unit known as the Stabswache, which would eventually become the nucleus of the future 1st SS Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler. At this stage, the Stabswache and the 1st SS Standarte were practically one and the same. By 1930, however, Dietrich began to be seen strictly as the commander of the Stabswache, with the day-to-day running of the 1st Standarte handled by then SS-Standartenführer Heinrich Höflich.


1st SS-Standarte, History
When Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933, Dietrich traveled with the Führer to Berlin to set up a new SS-Guard for the German leader. It was mostly made up of men from the 1st SS-Standarte. The unit replaced the army guards assigned to protect the Chancellor of Germany. Dietrich went on to command the new unit known as the "SS-Stabswache Berlin". Later it became known as the SS-Sonderkommando Berlin. In November 1933, the Sonderkommando received the title Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler (LAH). Finally, Himmler modified that title to Leibstandarte-SS Adolf Hitler (LSSAH) on 13 April 1934.


1st SS-Standarte, History
In the summer of 1933, leadership of what remained of 1st Standarte in Munich was taken over by SS-Standartenführer Emil Wäckerle. By the Night of the Long Knives in 1934, the SS had solidified itself with new headquarters' in Berlin. The 1st SS Standarte lost most of its operational importance and became a unit attached to the Munich Nazi Party headquarters, known as the "Brown House" for which the SS was in charge of security.


1st SS-Standarte, History
The next commander of the 1st SS Standarte, after the Night of the Long Knives, was Julian Scherner, later known as the SS and Police Leader of Krakau, who was depicted in the Steven Spielberg film Schindler's List. After Scherner's tour as the Standarte commander, leadership passed through two more leaders, until eventually command was assumed by SS-Standartenführer Erich Buchmann, who held the command until the fall of Nazi Germany in 1945.


1st Saeima
The 1st Saeima was the parliament of Latvia from November 7, 1922 until November 2, 1925. It was the first Saeima to be elected after the Constitutional Assembly of Latvia had created the Constitution of Latvia and the Elections Law.


1st Saeima
Social-Democrat Frīdrihs Vesmanis was Speaker of the Saeima until March 17, 1925 followed by Social Democrat Pauls Kalniņš.


1st Saeima
The 1st Saeima gave confidence to the 1st cabinet of Zigfrīds Anna Meierovics (July 20, 1922 – January 26, 1923), cabinet of Jānis Pauļuks (January 27, 1923 – June 27, 1923), 2nd cabinet of Meierovics (28 June 1923 – 26 January 1924), cabinet of Voldemārs Zāmuēls (January 25, 1924 – December 17, 1924) and the 1st cabinet of Hugo Celmiņš (December 19, 1924 – December 23, 1925).


1st Saeima, Elections and Parties
1st Saeima elections were held on October 7–8, 1922 and 82,2% (800,840 people) of eligible voters participated. Due to the liberal Elections law, 20 parties were elected to the 100 seats, representing all the political and ethnic interest groups of Latvia. Of the 100 MPs, 84 were Latvians, 62 had a higher education, 22 had a secondary education, 7 had graduated from teacher training colleges and 9 had a primary education.


1st San Marco Regiment
The 1st San Marco Regiment (Italian: 1° Reggimento San Marco), located in Brindisi,  is an amphibious formation of the Italian Navy. They are the Italian marines. Until the middle of the 1990s the unit was known as the San Marco Battalion (Battaglione San Marco), until it was expanded beyond battalion size because of the new geopolitical situation after the end of the Cold War and an increasing number of international missions, after as the San Marco Regiment. In 2013 it became part of the San Marco Marine Brigade as 1st San Marco Regiment.


1st San Marco Regiment, History
Marines of Italy was created as Fanti da Mar in 1550 in the Republic of Venice.


1st San Marco Regiment, History
The San Marco Regiment traces its history back to the La Marina Regiment, formed in 1713. During the Wars of Italian Independence the Italian Marines were known as the Fanteria Real Marina, units of specially selected sailors who were skilled marksmen. The regiment also played an important role in Peking during the Boxer Rebellion and in the Italo-Turkish War.


1st San Marco Regiment, History
With the beginning of the Italian campaign during World War I, the unit was named the Brigata Marina (Naval Brigade), and included two regiments, one infantry and one artillery. The brigade's infantry battalions were drawn from various Army and customs units, in addition to sailors from the torpedoed Italian navy cruiser Amalfi who were hastily equipped as infantry. Following the Battle of Caporetto in October–November 1917, the Italian front had almost collapsed and the Marina Brigade fought in the defence of Venice during the Battle of the Piave River.


1st San Marco Regiment, History
After the war, the grateful city presented a flag with the Lion of Saint Mark, from Venice's coat of arms, to the marines of the Naval Brigade. The Naval Brigade was renamed the San Marco Brigade because of the connection with Venice, and the Italian ship of the same name that was sunk in World War I.


1st San Marco Regiment, History
Between the two world wars only a “San Marco Battalion” existed. A special unit of the battalion was sent to garrison the Italian concession in Tianjin, China in 1924 and stayed there until it was interned by the Japanese in 1943, when Italy declared war on the Axis. In the confusion, one post resisted, holding out against Japanese attacks for 24 hours before surrendering. The interned Italians were then given the choice to represent the collaborationist fascist government, or become prisoners of war. The San Marco Battalion also served during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War.


1st San Marco Regiment, History
At the beginning of the Second World War it became a two battalion regiment and later increased in size, and prepared for amphibious landings at Cape Martin in France which never happened. When Italy attacked Yugoslavia in April 1941, the San Marco Marines carried out successful landings on several islands in the Adriatic and seized ports against minimal resistance. The regiment expanded to seven battalions before the final desert battles in 1943, including the Battaglione Nuotatori who were trained as parachutists in 1941. The 3rd Battalion of the 'San Marco' Regiment, which became known as the Tobruk battalion, repelled landings by British Commandos at Tobruk during the night of 13/14 September 1942, in the course of the botched Operation Agreement. As a result, 200 British Commandos were taken prisoner.


1st San Marco Regiment, History
The regiment fought at Tobruk and Tunisia, where it defended the Mareth line during April and May 1943. The Tobruk Battalion was later destroyed on the night of 5 April 1943 while defending the Oidane-el-Hachana line against an attack on Wadi Akarit by the British 69th Infantry Brigade and Gurkha units from the Indian Army 4th Infantry Division.


1st San Marco Regiment, History
"When we were about ten yards away we had reached the top of the slit trench and we killed any of the survivors," recalled British infantryman Bill Cheall, who had just seen his section leader shot down by a San Marco Marine. "It was no time for pussy footing, we were intoxicated with rage and had to kill them to pay for our fallen pal."


1st San Marco Regiment, History
The Italian Marines, well dug-in and plentifully supplied with automatic weapons and grenades, fought well, and casualties among the 6th Green Howards were severe; two senior officers, six senior NCO's and junior officers and one hundred and eighteen other ranks killed.


1st San Marco Regiment, History
German General Hans-Jürgen von Arnim later said of the San Marco Marines fighting abilities in Tunisia in 1943, that they were "the best soldiers I ever commanded".


1st San Marco Regiment, History
Following the Italian surrender in 1943, many San Marco marines fought for the Allies against the Germans, however the 4th (Caorle) Battalion fought for the Axis until the end of the war.


1st San Marco Regiment, History
The San Marco Marine Regiment was deactivated in 1956 but was reformed on 1 January 1965 to battalion strength (Marina Battaglione "San Marco") in Venice with 750 personnel. During the Italian-Yugoslav tensions of Trieste and Istria, the Yugoslav head of state Tito requested the Italian government move the unit from Venice, because he believed it represented a possible aggression against Yugoslavia, and that it was not necessary for the defense of Italy according to the 1947 Paris Peace Treaty. The battalion was then shifted to Brindisi Naval Base in Southern Italy and integrated completely into the Italian Navy. In Venice, the Italian Army reconstituted its Lagunari amphibious infantry. From 1982 to 1984 the San Marco battalion took part in international UN peacekeeping missions in Lebanon.


1st San Marco Regiment, History
Today the San Marco Marine Regiment consists of the Amphibious Battalion Grado and the Support Battalion Golametto with approximately 1,500 marines. Combined with the Logistics and Training Regiment “Carlotto”, landing boats and helicopters, the San Marco Regiment can conduct amphibious assaults and landings. If necessary, the San Marco Regiment can be reinforced by the Army's Lagunari. The naval command is connected by a unified operations staff and is closely associated with the Spanish Marines through the SILF joint landing force. The San Marco Regiment has been active in international peace-keeping operations.


1st San Marco Regiment, History
Since the early 1980s the unit has deployed to Lebanon, the Persian Gulf, Somalia, Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo, East Timor, Eritrea and Iraq. The San Marco and the Lagunari were used together for the first time in operation UNIFIL after the 2006 Lebanon war in a peacekeeping mission as the “Initial Entry Force” in the early hours of the morning 2 September 2006.


1st San Marco Regiment, History
Two marines from the San Marco Regiment, Massimiliano Latorre and Salvatore Girone, are currently under trial in India and face murder charges for allegedly shooting dead two Indian fishermen, Ajeesh Pinki and Gelastine, 20.5 nm off the coast of Kerala. The 2012 Italian shooting in the Laccadive Sea created a diplomatic dispute between Italy and India over matters of court jurisdiction and functional immunity. The diplomatic row developed into a stand-off with India in March 2013 and resulted in the resignation of Italian foreign minister Giulio Terzi on 26 March 2013. Court proceedings have continued.


1st San Marco Regiment, History
Since 2013 the San Marco Regiment is now part of the larger San Marco Marine Brigade as the 1st San Marco Marine Regiment.


1st San Marco Regiment, Organization
The support elements of the regiment include a telecommunications center; a coordination center for fire support; air observer and coastal defense forces; and staff.


1st San Marco Regiment, Organization
Advanced force and reconnaissance operations are undertaken by a separate company (“Demolitori di Ostacoli Antisbarco DOA” today called "Compagnia Operazioni Speciali Andrea Bafile"), tasked primarily with the clearing of landing zones and the removal of barriers, obstacles and mines. The marines can be landed by helicopters, speedboats or from submarines. The DOA/Bafile Company trains with the commando frogmen of the Italian Fleet Command Special Forces COMSUBIN GOI, who themselves are drawn largely from the ranks of the San Marco marines. COMSUBIN wear an emerald green beret.


1st San Marco Regiment, Organization
Another separate company, consisting of about 180 men, the Naval Operation Company, leads the boarding teams. These units of about 8 to 10 men conduct boardings and inspections of shipping, e.g. in embargo measures.


1st San Marco Regiment, Organization
The Grado battalion contains the actual naval infantry component of the Italian Navy. The battalion consists of a staff and supply company, three naval infantry companies, plus a 'heavy' company.


1st San Marco Regiment, Organization
Each of the three combat companies consists of three 37 man platoons and a 21-man fire support section. These companies can be brought ashore with amphibious vehicles and boats or with helicopters. In other cases they can operate as mechanized infantry with a modified version of the M113 (“VCC-1”).


1st San Marco Regiment, Organization
The heavy company forms the combat support component of the battalion with their air defense and anti-armour weapons as well as with the 120mm mortar .


1st San Marco Regiment, Organization
Logistical support is conducted by the Golametto battalion. It contains transport and logistics companies, as well as a medical unit. The members of this battalion are fully trained naval infantrymen, who give landing operations the necessary combat logistical and technical  support to the Grado battalion. General tasks of support fall into the scope of responsibility of the Carlotto regiment, which supplies the Golametto battalion with the necessary materials before deployment depending upon operational orders .


1st San Marco Regiment, Heraldry
The marines of the San Marco Regiment are designated as Marine Riflemen. Their rank system is similar to the Italian Army except that enlisted men are distinguished by a sailor's collar on the uniform and a navy blue beret. Both the Navy's San Marco marines and the Army's Lagunari amphibious infantry have the Lion of Saint Mark in their coat of arms.


1st San Marco Regiment, Heraldry
Plans to consolidate both organizations together (as it was during the early '50s when both Army and Navy contributed to a naval infantry unit known as the Settore Forze Lagunari that after became the Lagunari regiment) was abandoned in the mid-1990s. Today, however, close co-operation exists because of a common operations staff in Brindisi, which has continued to strengthen ties between the two units ( Forza di Proiezione dal Mare ).


1st Sarasaviya Awards
The 1st Sarasaviya Awards festival (Sinhala: 1වැනි සරසවිය සම්මාන උලෙළ), presented by the Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Limited, was held to honor the best films of 1961, 1962 and 1963 in Sinhala cinema on May 9, 1964, at the Asoka Cinema, Colombo, Sri Lanka. Senate President Thomas Amarasuriya was the chief guest at the awards night.


1st Sarasaviya Awards
The film Gamperaliya won the most awards with nine including Best Film.


1st Saskatchewan Legislature
The 1st Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan was elected in the Saskatchewan general election held in December 1905, the first general election for the new province. The assembly sat from March 29, 1906, to July 20, 1908. The Liberal Party led by Walter Scott formed the government. The Provincial Rights Party led by Frederick Haultain formed the official opposition.


1st Saskatchewan Legislature, Members of the Assembly
The following members were elected to the assembly in 1905:


1st Saturn Awards
The 1st Saturn Awards were awarded to media properties and personalities deemed by the Academy to be the best in science fiction, fantasy and horror in 1972. They were awarded on May 18, 1973.


1st Saturn Awards
Below is a complete list of nominees and winners. Winners are highlighted in bold.


1st Scots Guards F.C.
1st Scots Guards F.C. were an English football team that existed from at least 1891. They played in the Southern League from 1895–96 and finished third of nine in Division Two. This made them eligible to play in a test match promotion decider against Clapton, which they lost 1–4. The following season they finished 8th of 13.


1st Scots Guards F.C.
They also participated briefly in the London League Division One for the 1896–97 season before withdrawing, and were the last club to play Thames Ironworks  at their Hermit Road ground on 8 October 1896, when they lost 1–0.


1st Scots Guards F.C.
They were still a functioning football team as late as 1909, when they won the Middlesex Senior Cup.


1st Scots Guards F.C.
The Christmas truce football game of 1914 supposedly featured men from the 1st Scots Guards.


1st Scottish Parliament
This is a list of members (MSPs) returned to the first Scottish Parliament at the 1999 Scottish Parliament election. Of the 129 members, 73 were elected from first past the post constituencies with a further 56 members being returned from eight regions, each electing seven MSPs as a form of mixed member proportional representation .


1st Scottish Parliament
The 1999 election produced a hung parliament, with the Labour MSPs forming the largest minority. Consequently, they formed a coalition government with the Liberal Democrats to form the first Scottish Executive.


1st Scottish Parliament, Graphical representation
These are graphical representations of the Scottish Parliament showing a comparison of party strengths as it was directly after the 1999 election and its composition at the time of its dissolution in March 2003:


1st Scottish Parliament, List of MSPs
This is a list of MSPs at dissolution. For a list of MSPs elected in the 1999 Scottish Parliament election, see here. The changes table below records all changes in party affiliation during the session.


1st Scottish Parliament, Changes
During the 1999 to 2003 period there were one death and three resignations amongst constituency MSPs, and replacement MSPs were elected in by-elections. Also there was one resignation amongst the additional member MSPs, with that MSP being replaced by the candidate who was next on the additional members list at the time of the 1999 election.


1st Scout Ranger Regiment
The Scout Rangers, known officially as the First Scout Ranger Regiment, is a Philippine Army unit specializing in anti-guerrilla jungle warfare, raids, ambushes, close quarters combat, urban warfare and sabotage.


1st Scout Ranger Regiment, History
The First Scout Ranger Regiment was formed on November 25, 1950 under the command of former AFP Vice Chief of Staff and Defense Secretary Rafael M. Ileto. The unit was modelled after two legendary fighting groups, the intelligence gathering American Alamo Scouts and the combat ready US Army Rangers, the unit was created due to a growing need to counter the Hukbalahap guerrillas and its rebellion with a force trained in small unit actions. The Scout Rangers participated in the December 1989 coup attempt against the administration of Corazon Aquino. Led by then Captain Danilo Lim, Major Abraham Purugganan and Lieutenant Colonel Rafael Galvez, some 2500 Rangers took over Makati in the most destructive coup attempt against the Aquino administration, which left hundreds of civilians and soldiers dead, and hundreds more injured.


1st Scout Ranger Regiment, History
The Scout Rangers played a major role in capturing the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) rebel camp during the 2000 all-out war against the MILF. During the Battle of Marawi of 2017, Scout Rangers were the first elite units deployed with the 1st Infantry division to neutralize the Islamic State-inspired groups the Maute and Abu Sayyaf and their leaders Isnilon Hapilon and the Maute brothers. During the battle the Rangers incurred many casualties including a veteran Captain of the battle of Zamboanga city. A Scout Ranger is credited with killing Hapilon during the final stages of battle.


1st Scout Ranger Regiment, History
Their headquarters is based at Camp Tecson in San Miguel, Bulacan.


1st Scout Ranger Regiment, Units
The following are subordinate battalions and companies of the First Scout Rangers.


1st Screen Actors Guild Awards
The Inaugural Screen Actors Guild Awards aired on NBC from Stage 12, Universal Studios, on February 25, 1995. Unveiled during this evening for the first time was the Guild's new award statuette, The Actor, as well as the first awards for ensembles in drama series and comedy series which honor all of the actors who are the regulars in television series. From this auspicious beginning the Screen Actors Guild Awards has been embraced as one of the most prestigious in the entertainment industry.


1st Screen Actors Guild Awards, Winners and nominees, Television
Raúl Juliá – The Burning Season as Francisco "Chico" Mendes


1st Screen Actors Guild Awards, Winners and nominees, Television
NYPD Blue – Gordon Clapp, Dennis Franz, Sharon Lawrence, James McDaniel, Gail O'Grady, Jimmy Smits, and Nicholas Turturro


1st Screen Actors Guild Awards, Winners and nominees, Television
Seinfeld – Jason Alexander, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Michael Richards, and Jerry Seinfeld


1st Scripps National Spelling Bee
The 1st National Spelling Bee was held in Washington, D.C. on June 17, 1925, sponsored by the Louisville Courier-Journal. Scripps-Howard did not sponsor the Bee until 1941.


1st Scripps National Spelling Bee, Competition
Nine finalists (six girls and three boys) competed in Washington, where they met President Calvin Coolidge before the competition. After a 90-minute competition, the winner was 11-year-old Frank Neuhauser of Kentucky who correctly spelled gladiolus, a flower he had raised as a boy. He won $500 in gold pieces for placing first, and Louisville held a parade in his honor.


1st Scripps National Spelling Bee, Competition
Coming in second place was 11-year-old Edna Stover of Trenton, New Jersey, winning $250, who spelled gladiolus with a "y" instead of an "i". Third place went to 12-year-old Helen Fischer of Akron, Ohio ($150) who missed "moribund", and fourth prize went to 13-year-old Mary Daniel of Hartford, Connecticut ($100) who missed "valuing".


1st Scripps National Spelling Bee, Competition
The first to fall in the competition of nine was Almeda Pennington on "skittish" (9th place), followed by Mary Coddens ("cosmos") (8th place), Loren Mackey ("propeller") (7th place), Patrick Kelly ("blackguard") (6th place), and Dorothy Karrick ("statistician") (5th place).


1st Scripps National Spelling Bee, Competition
The nine contestants in the first bee were: Dorothy Katrick (Detroit), Helen Fischer (Akron, Ohio), Edna Stover (Trenton, New Jersey), Patrick Keily (New Haven, Connecticut), Lorin Mackey (Oklahoma), Frank Neuhauser (Kentucky), Almeda Pennington (Houston, Texas), Mary Daniel (Hartford, Connecticut), and Mary Coddens (South Bend, Indiana).


1st Searchlight Battery (United States)
1st Searchlight Battery was a United States Marine Corps unit formed during the Vietnam War to monitor the "Electronic Wall of Defense" that was set up along the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone. They fell under the 12th Marine Regiment and the 3rd Marine Division.


1st Searchlight Battery (United States), History
1st Searchlight Battery was a new unit organized, supervised and controlled by the United States Secretary of Defense, Robert McNamara and was part of the "Electronic Wall of Defense".


1st Searchlight Battery (United States), History
The Battery began at Marine Corps Base Twentynine Palms, California. It was the first unit in the history of the Marine Corps with infrared/xeon arc technology searchlights.


1st Searchlight Battery (United States), History
There were 122 men in the Battery: 6 Officers, 113 Enlisted and 3 Enlisted U.S. Navy Corpsmen. Commanding Officer was Captain Victor B. Snider.


1st Searchlight Battery (United States), History
Deployed to South Vietnam on the USS Paul Revere, departing the continental limits of the United States from National City, California, on May 31, 1967. All personnel had "Secret" security clearance.


1st Searchlight Battery (United States), Vietnam
On June 27, 1967, the Battery arrived in Da Nang, South Vietnam. At 05:30 on June 28 it departed Da Nang for Đông Hà Combat Base, arriving there on June 29. The Battery HQ was built in Đông Hà.


1st Searchlight Battery (United States), Vietnam
Attached to 12th Marine Regiment, 3d Marine Division (Rein) FMF.


1st Searchlight Battery (United States), Equipment
There were 18 M274 Mechanical Mules converted with generators and the searchlight. Each searchlight had a 23" Dual Blade. They had infrared (viewed with M-18 binoculars) and white light capability. The white light had a Xenon Arc, with 75 million candlepower.


1st Searchlight Battery (United States), Equipment
On July 3 the Battery began deployment of the 3 platoons to seven areas of the Quảng Trị Province/I Corps:  Con Thien, Cửa Việt, Khe Sanh, Gio Linh, Đông Hà, Cam Lộ, Camp Carroll and Thừa Thiên Provinces: (Phu Bai and Camp Evans).


1st Searchlight Battery (United States), Equipment
The primary use of the searchlight was for perimeter defense. The lights were also used in six major combat operations with excellent results.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery
The 1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery was an air defence unit of the British Army from 1920 until 1954. Originally formed in the Royal Engineers (RE), it was transferred to the Royal Artillery (RA) at the start of World War II. It fought with distinction in the defence of Calais during the Battle of France, in which it was virtually destroyed. Reformed, it helped to protect the cities of South Wales from the Luftwaffe during The Blitz, and later defended the South Coast of England against Fighter bomber and V-1 flying bomb attacks. It went to North West Europe to defend Antwerp during the final stages of the war, and served in the Gibraltar garrison postwar.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, Royal Engineer origins
The Royal Engineers (RE) had developed an extensive anti-aircraft (AA) searchlight (S/L) organisation during World War I, but this was quickly reduced after the Armistice. The last remnants of Nos 3 and 17 AA Companies moved to Blackdown Camp at the end of 1920 to form the nucleus of 1st AA Battalion, RE, as part of the newly created 1st Air Defence Brigade. Although destined to become the largest Regular unit of the RE during the inter-war years, its initial strength was three non-commissioned officers (NCOs) and four sappers under the command of a lieutenant of the Royal Field Artillery.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, Royal Engineer origins
It was another year before it got its first RE commanding officer (CO), Lt-Col G.C.E. Elliott, and nearly two years before it received substantial reinforcements, including troops who had operated lorry-mounted searchlights during the Irish War of Independence. It formed two companies, A and B. From early 1925 the battalion also had a detachment at Belfast, but this disappeared in late 1926.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, Royal Engineer origins
The main responsibility for AA defence of the United Kingdom was entrusted to the part-time Territorial Army, which developed a large-scale organisation under Anti- Aircraft Command before the outbreak of World War II. The Regulars of 1st Air Defence Brigade (later 1st AA Brigade) were to provide AA cover for field forces, initially for the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) that would go overseas on the outbreak of war.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, Royal Engineer origins
In 1938 it was decided that all coastal and AA searchlights, which operated alongside the Royal Artillery (RA), would become the responsibility of that corps; however, the transfers had not been completed when war was declared in September 1939. A 2nd AA Battalion, RE, was organised at Blackdown in 1936, but this was disbanded in September 1938 and replaced by 2nd Searchlight Regiment, RA.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Mobilisation
1st AA Battalion, RE, under the command of Lt-Col R.M. Goldney, RA, was ordered to mobilise by 1st AA Brigade on 1 September 1939, and war was declared two days later. Battalion HQ with A and B Companies (which officially became Nos 1 and 2 Companies) left Blackdown and embarked at Southampton on 10 September, landing at Cherbourg the following day. However, this may have been a mistake: it is alleged that the movement order was supposed to have said 'less 1st AA Bn RE', and the battalion was intended to defend the Thames Estuary under AA Command.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Mobilisation
On arrival in France, the battalion deployed to protect the BEF's No 2 Base Sub-area at Nantes, but at the end of the month it moved up to Fauquembergues, where its lights cooperated with night fighters of No 60 Wing, Royal Air Force in the Aircraft Fighting Zone (AFZ) bounded by Bergues, Cassel and Guisnes (just inland from the ports of Boulogne, Calais and Dunkirk). The 72-light S/L layout (at an average separation of 4500 yards, seven rows deep, with Mk VIII Sound locators in the first row) was built up from west to east as 3rd Searchlight Battery arrived.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Mobilisation
3rd Searchlight Battery, RA, had mobilised at Portsmouth, and sailed from Southampton, disembarking on 16 September at Brest, where it was delayed for a week awaiting the arrival of much of its transport. It joined the rest of the battalion on 3 October and deployed three days later. On 17 October the battalion came under the command of 2nd AA Brigade, and on 2 November the first Luftwaffe raider came over the battalion's area (a Heinkel He 111 shot down by the RAF).


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Mobilisation
4th Searchlight Battery, RA, mobilised on 1 December at Yeovil and sailed from Southampton to Cherbourg on 8 December. It joined the battalion and began deploying round La Capelle-lès-Boulogne on 21 December, filling in the west end of the AFZ. This brought the number of lights operated by the battalion up to 96. From late December, the regiment provided two sections at Boulogne and Dunkirk to cooperate with Light AA (LAA) guns in trying to prevent German seaplanes from dropping Parachute mines in the harbours.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Phoney War
Apart from occasional air raid alarms, there was little activity during the winter of 1939–40 (the Phoney War). The battalion officially became 1st Searchlight Battalion, RE, on 17 December 1939. and then 1st Searchlight Regiment, RA, on 15 January 1940.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Phoney War
Between 16 and 21 March, A and B  S/L Companies, RE, were relieved by 1st and 2nd S/L Batteries, RA, direct from 216th S/L Training Regiment at Kinmel Park, Abergele. The equipment and some of the RE officers and sappers transferred to the new regiment but others returned to the UK, while the RA officers and gunners familiarised themselves with the S/L layout.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Phoney War
From 23 February the regiment formed part of 5th S/L Brigade, which had been formed to control most of the S/L units deployed to protect airfields, ports, and the BEF's forward gun areas. During April, 1st S/Lt Rgt was moved up close to the Belgian Border to protect the artillery concentrating there in accordance with 'Plan D'.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Battle of France
When the Battle of France began on 10 May, the BEF started its planned advance north into Belgium, but the German Army broke through the Ardennes to the east, forcing the BEF to withdraw again. 1st and 3rd Searchlight Batteries were ordered to hold the bridges on the La Bassée–Béthune Canal 'at all costs' against attacks from the south. They deployed their Boys anti-tank rifles and Bren guns, using S/L lorries as roadblocks, while French forces withdrew through them. The towns were bombed and S/L positions were machine-gunned by Luftwaffe fighters. 4th Searchlight Bty, deployed round Lille, saw constant enemy air activity. On 17 May it detached a group of riflemen with Boys rifles to 5th AA Brigade HQ at Lens (these never returned to the battery during its stay in France) while the remainder joined the Bethune canal guards.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Battle of France
Meanwhile, Army Group A had cut the BEF's lines of communication into France and driven it back towards the coast at Dunkirk, cutting off the British troops at Calais and Boulogne from the main force. When planning the evacuation from Dunkirk (Operation Dynamo), the BEF's commanders decided that Calais and Boulogne should still be held as supply points for further fighting or possible exit points for a final withdrawal. On 17 May, 1st S/L Bty was ordered back to Calais, a move made difficult because all the roads were choked with refugees. There it operated in the S/L role to defend the port.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Calais
By 20 May, the AA units at Calais, including 1st and 2nd S/L Btys, were deployed in a semi-circle from Fort Risban and Fort Vert west of the town, round to the east side where there was a screen of S/L detachments one mile apart. Lt -Col Goldney was appointed AA Defence Commander for the town. The 1st Bn Queen Victoria's Rifles (QVR), the lead unit of 30th Infantry Brigade, arrived by sea on 22 May, just before advanced German troops began probing the defences.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Calais
On the night of 22/23 May the AA units engaged Luftwaffe raiders that bombed Calais, starting fires. But ground attack was now the biggest danger, and the S/L men had to man the perimeter as infantry, a role for which they (mainly older Territorials, raw militiamen and a few ex-RE reservists) were untrained. Goldney ordered his S/L detachments to concentrate at their Troop HQs (THQs) at dawn on 23 May, dig trenches and erect roadblocks.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Calais
The first serious attack came the following day, against a position held by C Troop of 1st S/L Bty on the Saint-Omer canal at Les Attaques, eight miles south-east of Calais. Reinforced by men from 2nd S/L Bty they put up a stout fight, halting a tank column for three hours before they were  overwhelmed.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Calais
Next, Goldney's HQ at Orphanage Farm came under attack. The HQ details of 1st S/L Rgt and 172nd LAA Bty (58th (Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders) LAA Rgt), supported by Bren gunners from Lt Airey Neave's Troop of 2nd S/L Bty at nearby Coulogne, held the position for five hours before Goldney ordered them to slip back towards Calais. He ordered Neave to withdraw his men by lorry to Calais, pausing only to destroy his experimental sound locator, codenamed 'Cuckoo'. Neave with a sergeant and a sapper, failed to blow the apparatus up with Gun cotton, but two French drivers abandoned and set on fire their tankers of aviation fuel and the resultant blaze destroyed the equipment successfully.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Calais
By 24 May the town was completely cut off, and 2nd Lieutenant William Dothie, commanding a Troop of six S/L detachments east of the town, found himself out of communication with his Battery HQ. His THQ, including a number of stragglers from other units, came under attack by German tanks and aircraft in the evening and he fell back to a small farm in a nearby wood. The following morning, Dothie led an attack on the tanks in their camp, engaging them with Boys and Bren fire.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Calais
Although the tanks withdrew, Dothie guessed that they would bring up reinforcements and he ordered his men to withdraw, covering their crossing of some open ground with a Bren gun. However, he and the QVR Bren gunner found themselves cut off on the wrong side of the open ground and could not get back to the rendezvous until after dark, by which time the rest of the party had made their way to Calais.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Calais
In the town, Goldney formed the S/L and AA troops into a reserve for 30th Brigade, which was manning the outer fortifications. On 24 May 30th Brigade's infantry and the S/L gunners were involved in close-quarter fighting and were forced back to the citadel and the harbour. Many wounded and 'non-fighting' personnel were evacuated on the City of Canterbury and the Kohistan and a Flotilla of Destroyers. Goldney allowed about 200 AA troops to leave, but ordered the remainder to stay and fight.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Calais
Hundreds of 'non-fighting' men, including Neave's party, were left at the port and later in the dunes hoping for evacuation. The garrison held out in the citadel and port until 16.00 on 26 May. The survivors, including Goldney and Neave (by now wounded) became Prisoners of war (PoWs). During the final stages and during the night of 26/27 May some of the defenders escaped or were picked up by boats. Reaching the shore, 2nd Lt Dothie volunteered to swim out to a destroyer to arrange evacuation, but could not reach it and had to return to the beach.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Calais
Wearing nothing more than a blanket at first, he then went on the run for several days before being taken prisoner. Later, he escaped from a PoW column being marched towards Germany, returned to the coast and stole a boat in which he reached Alderney. Finding that the Channel Islands were already in enemy hands, he returned to Cherbourg before making a second successful attempt to reach England by boat. He was awarded a Military Cross for his exploits.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Calais
Calais fell on 26 May, but its three-day defence, holding up Heinz Guderian's XIX Panzerkorps, had provided some respite for the Dunkirk evacuation.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Dunkirk
3rd and 4th Searchlight Btys were withdrawn from the La Bassée–Béthune Canal on 19 and 20 May and sent to provide AA cover at Hazebrouck and Cassel, which were heavily bombed. 4th S/L Bty sent some S/L lorries to Lille, but these never rejoined. On 22 May a German mechanised column forced a passage over the Canal de Neufossé at Blaringhem despite the defensive efforts of P Troop, 4th S/L Bty, while N Troop, 4th S/L Bty, was also forced to withdraw.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Dunkirk
The two troops reached Furnes the following day and dug in along the Furnes–Dunkirk Canal, where they were joined by O Troop and J Troop of 3rd S/L Bty, which had withdrawn from Hazebrouck to Spycker. All the units were being regularly bombed. On 27 May, 4th S/L Bty was ordered to destroy its S/L equipment and vehicles and move into Dunkirk for evacuation, which occurred in the early hours of 28 May. Finally on 28 May 3rd S/L Bty was also ordered to destroy its equipment and march to Dunkirk docks for evacuation. Both batteries were regularly bombed and machine gunned during the evacuation, suffering several casualties.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Dunkirk
It is claimed that only one officer and 57 men of 1st Searchlight Regiment's 52 officers and 1600 men got back to England, but that must apply only to the two batteries at Calais, the bulk of the other two batteries having been evacuated from Dunkirk. William Dothie got back on 2 August, and Airey Neave later made the first successful British escape from Colditz Castle, reaching England in April 1942.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Blitz
On return to the UK, 3rd S/L Bty was quickly re-equipped with a reduced number of S/Ls and sent to Gibraltar in July to bolster the AA defences of the naval base against raids by Vichy French and Italian bombers. 4th Searchlight Bty joined 2nd S/L Rgt defending airfields in South West England and later served in Malta.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Blitz
1st Searchlight Regiment was reformed at the AA Command Practice Camp at Codsall, near Wolverhampton, on 24 July 1940. The reconstituted unit consisted of 1st, 2nd, 7th and 8th S/L Btys (7th and 8th had served in France with 2nd S/L Rgt), and the replacement personnel were drawn from 477th, 479th and 480th S/L Btys, all of which were newly-raised. For example, 477th S/L Bty had been formed at 217th Searchlight Training Regiment at Bradbury Lines, Hereford, with a cadre of experienced men from  the Territorial 59th (Warwickshire) S/L Rgt. It was intended to join a newly-formed 76 S/L Rgt, but these plans were immediately changed: 477th S/L Bty was disbanded in July and the men posted to 1st S/L Rgt.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Blitz
At the end of September the regiment joined 45th AA Brigade of 5th AA Division (9th AA Division from November) to complete the 'Illuminated Area' in South Wales. At the time, the towns of South Wales, including important coal and oil port facilities, refineries, steelworks and ordnance factories, were under almost nightly air attack (the Cardiff Blitz and Swansea Blitz). The regiment's searchlights were deployed under both 45th and 61st AA Brigade, assisting the AA guns of the Cardiff and Swansea Gun Defence Areas, while the S/L detachments occasionally engaged the raiders directly with their LMGs.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Blitz
The regiment supplied a cadre of experienced officers and men to 230th S/L Training Rgt at Blandford Camp where it provided the basis for a new 545 S/L Bty formed on 16 January 1941. This battery later joined a newly-forming 81st S/L Rgt.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Blitz
After The Blitz ended in May 1941, the regiment remained under 61st AA Brigade until January 1942, when it transferred to 27th (Home Counties) AA Brigade in South East England.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Hit and run
The city of Canterbury was raided in the so-called Baedeker Blitz soon after the regiment arrived in the area, and thereafter the AA defences of Southern England were severely tested by the Luftwaffe's 'hit-and-run' attacks along the South Coast from the summer of 1942. The AA Divisions were disbanded on 30 September and replaced by AA Groups that more closely matched the organisation of RAF Fighter Command. 27th AA Brigade took responsibility for all S/L units under 2 AA Group covering South East England, though 8th S/L Bty was often operationally attached to 71 AA Brigade in 2 AA Group.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Hit and run
Because of the continuing hit-and-run raids by Luftwaffe Fighter-bombers, the defensive armament of S/L positions was enhanced, the allocation of LMGs being increased from one to four and then six per S/L site. Later the LMGs in 27th AA Brigade were supplemented with twin Vickers K machine gun mountings and eventually twin 0.5-inch Browning machine guns on power mountings. The guns had to be manned throughout the hours of daylight.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Baby Blitz and Operation Diver
Between 21 January and 14 March 1944 the Luftwaffe crossed the S/L belt of SE England to carry out 11 night raids on London in the so-called Baby Blitz. However, by March 1944, AA Command was being forced to release manpower for service overseas, including the planned invasion of Normandy (Operation Overlord). Each of 27th AA Brigade's S/L regiments lost one of its four batteries. In the case of 1st S/L Rgt it was 8th S/L Bty that began to disband on 25 February, completing the process by 24 March. being sent to Malta.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, Baby Blitz and Operation Diver
Soon after D Day, the Germans began launching V-1 flying bombs against London by day and night. The AA resources in SE England were strongly reinforced in Operation Diver, the S/L belt being thickened up both to cooperate with RAF Night fighters and to use their S/L Control (SLC or 'Elsie') radar to guide LAA guns. All these units were heavily engaged until the autumn, when 21st Army Group overran the V-1 launching sites in northern France.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, North West Europe
By the end of 1944, 21st Army Group had advanced to the Belgium–Netherlands frontier, and required AA reinforcements to protect the vital port of Antwerp and its approaches up the Scheldt Estuary from bombing (including parachute mines) and 'Divers'. 1st Searchlight Regiment left 27th AA Brigade and crossed to the Continent in January 1945 under the command of Lt-Col G.Howson to join 76th AA Brigade.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, North West Europe
The regiment relieved 2nd S/L Rgt on the Scheldt on 23 January, with Regimental HQ at Goes on South Beveland, 1st S/L Bty HQ at 's-Heerenhoek and 2nd S/L Bty HQ at Krabbendijke. These two batteries took over a permanent radar watch to provide early warning for the LAA units deployed with them. The regiment also supplied the S/Ls for two Landing Craft Flak operating in the estuary under 124th (Highland) LAA Rgt. The AA units on the Scheldt were employed both in the AA and coastal defence role, because of German miniature submarines infiltrating into the shipping lane. 7th Searchlight Battery was detached and deployed at Brasschaat near Antwerp on anti-Diver duties under 5th Royal Marine AA Brigade. On 25 February a V-1 hit inflicted casualties of five killed, two missing and six wounded on this battery.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, North West Europe
During February the regiment began to receive the latest AA No 2 Mk VIII* SLC centimetric radar to improve the coverage of the AA Inner Artillery Zone. However, the threat of serious air raids diminished as the war drew to its close, and the Diver defences were closed down on 20 April. While some other AA units were disbanded or moved up into Germany, 1st S/L Rgt maintained its deployment throughout the final weeks of the war.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, North West Europe
76th AA Brigade was ordered to cease fire on 3 May 1945 when a local truce came into effect to allow supplies to be airlifted to civilians in the enemy-occupied Netherlands (Operation Manna). This was followed on 4 May by the German surrender at Lüneburg Heath and the end of the war in Europe (VE Day).


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, World War II, North West Europe
After VE Day, 76th AA Brigade remained temporarily on its AA tasks. Its units, including the whole of 1st S/L Rgt, then returned to the mainland from the Scheldt islands and concentrated north of Antwerp before moving into Germany in June to garrison the Dortmund–Bochum area. 1st Searchlight Regiment returned to the UK on 1 December 1945.


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, Postwar
On 1 April 1947 the regiment was redesignated 78th Searchlight Regiment, RA (not to be confused with the wartime 78th S/L Rgt, disbanded in 1943), 1, 2 and 7 S/L Btys becoming 212, 213 and 240 S/L Btys respectively. However, on 30 September 1948 the regiment was re-equipped with 3.7-inch AA guns as 78th Heavy Anti- Aircraft Regiment, RA (not to be confused with the wartime 78th (1st East Anglian) HAA Rgt, which had been reformed as 284th HAA Rgt in the TA).


1st Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery, Postwar
In August 1950 the regiment went to Gibraltar, where 213 and 240 Btys served in the Grand Casemates and 212 Bty at Moorish Castle. On Gibraltar the regiment was equipped with a mixture of 3.7-inch HAA guns and 6-pounder and 17-pounder anti-tank guns. On 4 December 1953 the regiment was ordered back to Woolwich for disbandment, which was completed on 1 February 1954.


1st Secretariat of the Communist Party of Cuba
The 1st Secretariat of the Communist Party of Cuba (PCC) was elected in 1975 by the 1st Plenary Session of the 1st  Central Committee in the immediate aftermath of the 1st Congress.


1st Secretariat of the Communist Party of Cuba, References, Bibliography
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1st Secretariat of the Communist Party of Cuba, References, Bibliography
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1st Security Force Assistance Brigade
The 1st Security Force Assistance Brigade (1st SFAB) is a security force assistance brigade of the United States Army. It is based in Fort Benning, Georgia and is under the command of BG Scott Jackson and Command Sergeant Major Jerry Dodson. On February 8, 2018, the 1st SFAB held its official activation ceremony at the National Infantry Museum at Fort Benning.


1st Security Force Assistance Brigade
Advisor teams from the 1st SFAB will deploy to AFRICOM's area of responsibility (AOR) in 2020.


1st Security Force Assistance Brigade, Organization
SFABs are brigades whose mission is to support, assist, advise and liaise with the conventional armed forces of other states. Operationally, an 800-soldier SFAB would free up a 4500-soldier brigade combat team from a train, advise, assist mission.


1st Security Force Assistance Brigade, Organization
On 23 June 2016 General Mark A. Milley revealed plans for train/advise/assist brigades, consisting of seasoned officers and non-commissioned officers with a full chain of command, but no junior soldiers. The SFABs were to consist of 800 senior officers and NCOs, which could act as a cadre to reform a full brigade combat team in a matter of months. In May 2017, the initial SFAB staffing was underway. The volunteer officers and non-commissioned officers have previous experience in the same positions. Commanders and leaders have previously led at the same echelon.


1st Security Force Assistance Brigade, Organization
The remaining personnel, all NCOs, are being recruited from across the Army. Promotable E-4s (Specialists and Corporals) who volunteer for the SFAB are automatically promoted to Sergeant upon completion of the Combat Advisor Training Course at the Military Advisor Training Academy. In the event of a national emergency, SFABs could be augmented with new soldiers from basic training and advanced individual training to form a full brigade combat team.


1st Security Force Assistance Brigade, Organization
On 16 October 2017, BG Brian Mennes of Force Management in the Army's G3/5/7 announced accelerated deployment of the first two SFABs. This was approved in early July 2017, by the Secretary of Defense and the Chief of Staff of the Army. These two SFABs would be trained in languages, how to work with interpreters, and equipped with the latest equipment including secure, but unclassified, communications and weapons to support coalition partners, as well as unmanned aircraft systems (UASs). An SFAB could provide up to 61 teams (possibly with additional soldiers for force protection).


1st Security Force Assistance Brigade, Organization
A team of twelve advisors includes combat arms experts, a medic, and personnel specializing in military intelligence, logistics, maintenance, communications, and air support.


1st Security Force Assistance Brigade, History
By October 2017, the 1st Security Force Assistance Brigade was established at Fort Benning.


1st Security Force Assistance Brigade, History
On January 11, 2018, it was announced that the 1st SFAB would deploy to Afghanistan in Spring 2018.


1st Security Force Assistance Brigade, History
On 8 February 2018, 1st SFAB held an activation ceremony at Fort Benning, revealing its colors and heraldry for the first time, and then cased its colors for the deployment to Afghanistan. It is made up of the first graduates of the Military Advisor Training Academy (MATA), also located at Fort Benning.


1st Security Force Assistance Brigade, History
1st SFAB deployed to Afghanistan in February 2018 and returned to Fort Benning in November of the same year.


1st Security Force Assistance Brigade, History
On 7 July 2018, Corporal Joseph Maciel, Task Force 1st Battalion, 28th Infantry Regiment, attached to 2nd Battalion 1st SFAB, was killed in an apparent insider attack in Uruzgan Province, Afghanistan. On 3 September 2018, 3rd Squadron, 1st SFAB Command Sgt. Maj. Timothy Bolyard was killed in an apparent insider attack while visiting the Afghan army's 4th Brigade, 203rd Corps.


1st Security Force Assistance Brigade, History
The 1st SFAB conducted hundreds of persistent advising missions, and facilitated operations with thirty plus Afghan National Army Kandaks (Afghan battalions), 15+ Brigades, Regional Training Centers, and Afghan divisional and corps headquarters.


1st Security Force Assistance Brigade, History
Six engineering advisor teams from the brigade provided hands-on experience and testing of secure communications between NATO allies and partners during Exercise "Allied Spirit X", led by the German 1st Panzer Division, in April 2019.


1st Security Force Assistance Brigade, History
In Summer 2019 Combat Advisor Teams 1221 and 1222 became the first SFAB elements to participate in the United States Military Academy's Cadet Field Training, a four-week-long program which includes a six day field training exercise.


1st Security Group (South Korea)
The 1st Security Group (Korean: 제1경비단) is a military formation of the Republic of Korea Army. The group is subordinated to the Capital Defense Command. It headquartered in Seodaemun District, Seoul, and have the mission to guards Mt. Bukak, Mt. Inwang, the central part of downtown Seoul, and the Blue House.


1st Security Group (South Korea), History
According to the plan by President Kim Young-sam to liquidate the remnants of the military dictatorship, on 17 December 1996, the 30th and 33rd Security Group were incorporated, and the 1st Security Group was established.


1st Security Group (South Korea), Organization
Equipped with 81mm mortars and 106mm recoilless guns mounted on light truck


1st Seiyu Awards
The 1st Seiyu Awards ceremony was held on March 3, 2007 at the Akiba 3D Theater in Akihabara, Tokyo. General voting categories had 10 nominations each for Best Lead (actor/actress), Best Supporting (actor/actress), Rookie (actor/actress), Singing, and Personality. Special Achievement, Achievement, and Synergy Awards were selected by the event without nominations. The period of general voting lasted from October 21, 2006 to January 10, 2007.


1st Sem
1st Sem is a 2016 Filipino independent coming of age comedy-drama film directed and written by Dexter Hemedez and Allan Ibanez in their feature-film directorial debut. The film stars Lotlot de Leon and newcomer Darwin Yu. It is an official entry to the 2nd CineFilipino Film Festival.


1st Sem
The film's teaser trailer was released at YouTube on January 20, 2016. The film will be having its commercial release on April 26, 2017.


1st Sem, Plot
Maru Marasigan (Darwin Yu), a sixteen-year old incoming freshman from the province, leaves his hometown to study in one of the prestigious universities in Manila. He is accompanied by his mother Precy (Lotlot de Leon) as he goes to his dormitory.


1st Sem, Plot
But Precy cannot help but get emotional when she is about to leave him. Maru feels sad seeing his mother cry. This escalates after Maru spent his first night at the dorm feeling alone and very lonely. Maru then decides to pack his things and go back home. Precy is very shocked to see him in their kitchen early in the morning the following day.


1st Sem, Plot
Down on his knees, Maru pleads to Precy to allow him to study in a nearby college for he cannot afford to live miles away from his family. But Precy rejects Maru's request and tells him to go back to Manila instead. As Maru insists his decision and disobeys Precy, his relationship with his mother starts to fall apart.


1st Sem, Critical reception
Oggs Cruz from Rappler states in his review that "At first, 1st Sem seems like it is all about jokes and punch lines. As soon as all the noise and artifice die down, what's left is a tender coming-of-age tale that has its heart in the right place."


1st Sem, Critical reception
1st Sem won Best Debut Feature for directors Dexter Paglinawan Hemedez and Allan Michael Ibañez at the All Lights India International Film Festival. Lotlot de Leon, also won a special acting citation for her performance in the film.


1st Sem, Critical reception
1st Sem also won Gold Remi Award from the 50th Worldfest Houston International Film Festival. Lotlot de Leon also won Best Supporting Actress for the film.


1st Sem, Critical reception
The film also won awards in South Korea and Canada.


1st Senate of Haiti
The 1st Senate of Haiti was organized from the Constituent Assembly which drafted the 1806 Constitution. After the elected president and previous Provisional Chief Executive of Haiti Henri Christophe took up arms against the Senate, the Senate retaliated by stripping power from Christophe and electing Alexandre Pétion as president of Haiti in early 1807.


1st Senate of Haiti
The Senate was the first legislative body in post-revolutionary Haiti, and was designed by Pétion to be a powerful body. However, Pétion tired of the Senate, and successfully pushed for a significant revision to the 1806 Constitution in 1816, including authorizing him to serve as president for life, as well as the transformation of the unicameral Senate to the bicameral National Assembly.


1st Senate of Puerto Rico
The First Puerto Rican Senate was the first meeting of senators of the Senate of Puerto Rico elected as part of the legislative branch of their government. Elections for the Senate of Puerto Rico were authorized by passage of the Jones-Shafroth Act in 1917. It authorized elections to be held on July 6, 1917 for representative government in the legislature.


1st Senate of Puerto Rico
The Senate met from August 13, 1917, to January 2, 1920. The voters elected a majority of members from the Union of Puerto Rico party, who chose Antonio R. Barceló as President of the Senate.


1st Separate Brigade (Philippine Expedition)
The 1st Separate Brigade (Philippine Expedition), United States Army was a U.S. expeditionary brigade. It was commanded by Brigadier General Marcus P. Miller consisted of the 18th Iowa Infantry Regiment, 51st Iowa Infantry Regiment and a battery of 6th Artillery. It was organised to provide a U.S. Army expeditionary force for the Philippine campaign of the Spanish–American War.


1st Separate Brigade (Philippine Expedition), History
It was formed on December 24, 1898, after General Otis received permission from the United States Department of War to accept the surrender of the Spanish garrison of Iloilo City. The brigade left Manila on December 26 and arrived outside the city abroad the cruiser USS Baltimore on the morning of the 28th to discover insurgents had already occupied the city. Miller, at the request of Otis, tried to negotiate for US troops to enter the city but a stalemate ensued. On February 2 the 51st had to be returned to Manila due to poor morale.


1st Separate Women's Volunteer Rifle Brigade
The 1st Separate Women's Volunteer Rifle Brigade was an independent brigade of the Soviet Union military created from the order of the State Defense Committee Resolution No GFCS-2470SS in 1942. Originally part of the Red Army, the unit was transferred to the NKVD in 1943 after the arrest of its deputy combat commander, Major Vera Krylova. In 1944 the brigade was disbanded.


1st Shock Army
The 1st Shock Army (Russian: 1-я ударная армия) was a field army established by the Soviet Union's Red Army during World War II. The 1st Shock Army was created in late 1941 and fought in the northern areas of Russia and the Baltic States until the surrender of Germany in 1945. The Army was created in accordance with prewar doctrine that called for Shock Armies to 'overcome difficult defensive dispositions in order to create a tactical penetration of sufficient breadth and depth to permit the commitment of mobile formations for deeper exploitation.' However, as the war went on, Shock Armies lost this specific role and reverted, in general, to ordinary frontline formations.


1st Shock Army, History
The 1st Shock Army was formed as part of the Reserve of the Supreme High Command (RVGK, the Stavka reserve) at Zagorsk (now Sergiyev Posad) in the Moscow Military District in November 1941. Taking part in the Battle of Moscow in December 1941, on 1 December the Army consisted of the 133rd Rifle Division, 29th, 44th, 47th, 50th, 55th, 56th, 71st, and 84th Rifle Brigades, 17th Cavalry Division, two tank battalions, an artillery regiment of the Stavka reserve, and other support units. All the rifle brigades were formed from the naval personnel of the Pacific Fleet.


1st Shock Army, History
1st Shock Army was then airlifted to Staraya Russa and fought at Demyansk in 1942. Fighting in the north-central areas of the front, the 1st Shock Army again fought near Staraya Russa in 1944. From 1942 through 1944, the army took part in many attacks such as the Leningrad–Novgorod, Pskov-Ostrov, Tartu, and Riga offensives. Fighting through the Baltic States, the 1st Shock Army finished the war as part of the Courland Group of Forces that had trapped the German Army Group Kurland in the northern reaches of Latvia.


1st Shock Army, History
In May 1945, the 1st Shock Army commanded four Rifle Corps: the 1st (306th, 344th, and 357th Rifle Divisions), 8th Estonian (7th and 249th Estonian Rifle Divisions), 119th (201st, 360th and 374th Rifle Divisions), and 123rd (21st Guards and 376th Rifle Divisions), totalling ten rifle divisions. The 1st Shock Army had by that point been strongly reinforced with three artillery divisions, a corps artillery brigade, a tank brigade, and seven regiments of tanks and assault guns.


1st Shock Army, History
1st Shock Army was disbanded by being redesignated Headquarters Turkestan Military District on 9 July 1945.


1st Shorty Awards
The first Shorty Awards ceremony was held on February 11, 2009, at the Galapagos Art Space in Brooklyn, New York. Approximately 300 people attended the event. The event was hosted by CNN anchor Rick Sanchez and featured appearances by prominent Twitter users MC Hammer and Gary Vaynerchuk and a video appearance by Shaquille O'Neal. The awards, in 26 categories, were voted on by Twitter users.


1st Shorty Awards, History
The Shorty Awards were created in 2008 by tech entrepreneurs Greg Galant, Adam Varga, and Lee Semel of Sawhorse Media. They invited Twitter account holders to nominate the best Twitter users in general categories such as humor, news, food, and design. Winners were chosen by more than 30,000 Twitter users during the voting period. The founders of Twitter first heard about the awards after the contest had gotten underway and expressed support for it.


1st Siberian Army Corps
The 1st Siberian Army Corps was an elite unit of the Imperial Russian Army. It was raised in May 1900 and disbanded in August 1918.


1st Siberian Army Corps, History
The 1st Siberian Army Corps was raised in May 1900 under the command of Lieutenant General Nikolai Linevich and was one of the two most engaged Russian corps during the Russo-Japanese War. It took part in the battle of Telissu, the battle of Tashihchiao, the battle of Liaoyang, the battle of Sandepu and the battle of Mukden.


1st Siberian Army Corps, History
It also took part in World War I. Its last major action was at the Battle of Galați.


1st Siberian Rifle Artillery Brigade
The 1st Siberian Rifle Artillery Brigade (Russian: 1-я Сибирская стрелковая артиллерийская бригада) was an artillery brigade of the Russian Imperial Army attached to the 1st Siberian Rifle Division of the 1st Siberian Army Corps. The unit was founded in 1851 and took part in the Russian intervention in the Boxer Rebellion, the Russo-Japanese War, and World War I before being demobilized in 1918 following the Russian Revolution.


1st Siberian Rifle Artillery Brigade, History
The unit's origins dated back to 15 June 1851 with the formation of the 16th Garrison Artillery Brigade, consisting of troops located in Siberia. On 29 January 1857, it became the Line Transbaikal Artillery Brigade (Russian: Линейная Забайкальская Артиллерийская бригада). On 29 March 1869, it was renamed to the East Siberian Artillery Brigade, with its headquarters located in Blagoveshchensk. Its 1st battery was based in Verkhneudinsk and its mountain battery in Vladivostok. In 1884 the East Siberian Military District was divided and the East Siberian Artillery Brigade became part of the Amur Military District.


1st Siberian Rifle Artillery Brigade, History
Until 1889 the brigade was located in Nikolskoye, where it remained until 1899, being moved to Nikolsk-Ussuriski. After 31 July 1895, it became known as the 1st East Siberian Artillery Brigade. A new 1st battery of the brigade was formed on 1 March 1900 and the formation was deployed to the Kwantung Oblast. On 13 May 1900, it became part of the newly formed Siberian Army Corps. That year, it also took part in the Eight Nation Alliance intervention in the Boxer Rebellion that occurred in Qing China.


1st Siberian Rifle Artillery Brigade, History, Russo-Japanese War
On 12 February 1901, the 1st East Siberian Artillery Brigade was subordinated to the 1st Siberian Army Corps. With the beginning of hostilities during the Russo-Japanese War, the brigade (at the time consisting of four batteries) became part of the Russian Manchurian Army in 1904. Later that year, on 15 February, it was renamed the 1st East Siberian Rifle Artillery Brigade. Around this time the 2nd battery formerly of the 23rd Artillery Brigade became part of the unit. The brigade, along with its corps, later became part of the 1st Manchurian Army.


1st Siberian Rifle Artillery Brigade, History, Russo-Japanese War
In the war against Japan it took part in the Battle of Te-li-Ssu (14–15 June 1904) and in the Battle of Mukden (20 February–10 March 1905). At least one officer of the brigade was awarded the Order of St. George during the war. On 19 February 1906m it was transferred to peacetime status and remained as part of the 1st Siberian Army Corps. In 1907, it was reformed, with the batteries being organized into two divisions of three batteries each. In September 1910, the unit was renamed the 1st Siberian Rifle Artillery Brigade and was made part of the 1st Siberian Rifle Division. In addition, it received the former East Siberian mountain artillery division.


1st Siberian Rifle Artillery Brigade, History, World War I
As part of the general mobilization of the Russian Imperial Army in August 1914, the 1st Siberian Rifle Artillery was transferred to the Kazan Military District. In September, its parent corps, the 1st Siberian Army Corps, became part of the 5th Army on the Southwestern Front. In November 1914, the brigade had become part of the 2nd Army. From June 1915 the brigade was part of the 1st Army and in August of that year it was returned to the 2nd Army as part of the Western Front.


1st Siberian Rifle Artillery Brigade, History, World War I
Towards the end of 1916, it was transferred to the 10th Army, where it would remain until the end of the war, and on 23 April 1917 a new light artillery battery was formed within the brigade. With the upheaval of the Russian Revolution in 1917–1918 and the subsequent collapse of the Russian army, the 1st Siberian Rifle Artillery Brigade was demobilized.


1st Siberian Rifle Artillery Brigade, Organization
For the duration of its existence, the 1st Siberian Rifle Artillery Brigade was part of the 1st Siberian Rifle Division (since 1910) of the 1st Siberian Army Corps (since 1900). As of 1901, the brigade consisted of the following (the date of each unit's establishment is given):


1st Siberian Rifle Artillery Brigade, Organization
By 1907 it was reduced to a strength of six batteries, and divided into two artillery battalions.


1st Siberian Rifle Division (Russian Empire)
The 1st Siberian Rifle Division (Russian: 1-я Сибирская стрелковая дивизия, 1-ya Sibirskaya strelkovaya diviziya) was an infantry formation of the Russian Imperial Army that existed in various formations from the early 19th century until the end of World War I and the Russian Revolution. The division was based in Ussuriysk in the years leading up to 1914. It fought in World War I and was demobilized in 1918.


1st Siberian Rifle Division (Russian Empire), Organization
The 1st Siberian Rifle Division was part of the 1st Siberian Army Corps. Its order of battle in from the Russo-Japanese War in 1905 to the outbreak of World War I in 1914 was as follows:


1st Siberian Rifle Regiment
The 1st Siberian Rifle His Majesty's Regiment (Russian: 1-й Сибирский стрелковый Его Величества полк) was an infantry regiment of the Russian Imperial Army, part of the 1st Siberian Rifle Division. Existing from 1883 until 1918, it was part of the Russian force in Manchuria during the Boxer Rebellion, then later fought in the Russo-Japanese War at the battles of Liaoyang and Mukden, before taking part in World War I.


1st Siberian Rifle Regiment, History
The unit was first formed on 30 October 1883 was the 1st East Siberian Rifle Battalion. On 11 May 1891 it was redesignated as the 1st East Siberian Rifle His Imperial Highness Tsarevich's Battalion (being named after Nicholas Alexandrovich, who was at the time the heir-apparent). On 2 November 1894 it was renamed the 1st East Siberian Rifle His Majesty's Battalion following the coronation of Nicholas II as the Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias, and on 28 January 1898 it was reformed into a two-battalion infantry regiment.


1st Siberian Rifle Regiment, History
During the Boxer Rebellion in the Qing dynasty and the Russian intervention along with seven other powers, the 1st East Siberian Rifle Regiment was deployed into the three northeastern provinces of China (Manchuria) in 1900–1901. On 16 July 1900 it took part in fighting off attackers from the fortress-city of Kodzhou and on July 19 the regiment participated in storming it. Later, on September 11, it took part in combat near the city of old Nuchang.


1st Siberian Rifle Regiment, History
During the regiment's deployment in Manchuria at least twenty of its soldiers were decorated with the Decoration of the Military Order of St. George for distinguished service in the fighting at Kodzhou and Nuchang. The whole regiment was awarded with the head dress decoration with the label: "For Old Nuchang in 1900" (received on 19 February 1903).


1st Siberian Rifle Regiment, History
A company of the regiment was removed from the unit and used for the formation of the 33rd East Siberian Rifle Regiment on 5 December 1903. From 1904 the 1st Siberian Rifle His Majesty's Regiment took part in the Russo-Japanese War as part of the 1st Brigade, 1st Siberian Rifle Division, 1st Siberian Army Corps. It fought in the Battle of Te-li-Ssu (14—15 June 1904), the Battle of Liaoyang (25 August—5 September 1904), and the Battle of Mukden (20 February—10 March 1905). After the losses at Te-li-Ssu some of the companies of the 1st


1st Siberian Rifle Regiment, History
Siberian Rifles only had about 150 to 160 fighting men left. It was upgraded with a third battalion on 2 February 1904 and later received another battalion on 11 October 1905. Two members of the regiment were awarded the Order of St. George, 4th class, for their service in the war against Japan. After the conflict the 1st Siberian Rifle Regiment was awarded with the St George's Banner with the label "For the battle of Mukden 21–26 February 1905" along with the silver cross of St. George with the label "For the battle of Liaoyang 17 and 18 August 1904", both on 26 November 1906.


1st Siberian Rifle Regiment, History
At the outbreak of World War I in 1914 and throughout that conflict the regiment remained in the same division and army corps as it had in 1904–1905. It was assigned to different field armies, and in 1914 it was part of the Southwestern Front before it was transferred in August 1915 to become part of the Western Front. The 1st Siberian Rifles fought in the battles in Russian Poland near Warsaw around 1915. With the collapse of the Imperial Army due to the Russian Revolution in 1917–18 the regiment was demobilized.


1st Siberian Rifle Regiment, History
It was officially headquartered in the village of Razdol'noye, in the Primorskaya Oblast.


1st Siberian Rifle Regiment, Organization
Siberian rifle regiments consisted of four battalions (approx. 1,000 men) of four companies (approx. 240 men) each, for a total wartime strength of about 4,000 men.


1st Siberian Rifle Regiment, Known commanders
This is the list of known regimental commanders, the information is not complete.


1st Siege Artillery Battery (Australia)
1st Siege Artillery Battery was formed in Victoria during April 1915. The battery departed Melbourne on 17 July 1915 and served on the Western Front during World War I. The battery along with the 2nd Siege Artillery Battery made up the 1st Siege Artillery Brigade. 1st Siege Artillery Battery was renamed the 54th Siege Artillery Battery on 28 September 1915. The battery was equipped first with four 8 inch howitzers and then 6 from July 1917. In March 1918 the battery was assigned to the Australian Corps Heavy Artillery and resumed its original title.


1st Signal Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 1st Signal Brigade, formerly known as the 1st Signal Group, is a brigade of the British Army. The group was first formed in 1968 as a result of the 1966 Defence White Paper which expanded support for NATO and the British Army of the Rhine. In 1987 the group was disbanded and merged into the 2nd Signal Brigade. In 1995 the brigade was reformed and has since deployed on operations across the globe in support of NATO and HQ Allied Rapid Reaction Corps.


1st Signal Brigade (United Kingdom), History, First Formation
On 1 April 1968 as a result of the 1966 Defence White Paper, 1st Signal Group (Strategic Communications (STRATCO)) was formed at Erskine Barracks, Wilton. The new formation was formed to command those UK-based signal units earmarked for NATO reinforcement and 'Out of Area' operations. The Group was also known as Headquarters, Army Strategic Command (Signals). Under this command, the group was tasked with providing communications for the 5th Division and other Army Groups with no signals support.


1st Signal Brigade (United Kingdom), History, First Formation
Following the 1975 Mason Review, the group was reorganised so that it oversaw all oversees signal units, leaving the UKLF support role to the 2nd Signal Brigade. The group was therefore reorganised into the following organisation:


1st Signal Brigade (United Kingdom), History, First Formation
In 1979 the group HQ was moved to Tidworth in accordance with the reforms of the 1975 Mason Review. In 1980 the Commandant of the Royal Corps of Signals made a visit to Blandford where he announced possible changes to the group and the overall signal group. As part of this announcement, the master of signals announced 1 Signal Group's role would change, and be able to help with the "Rhodesian Situation". The group was later involved in this when it supported the communications for a smooth independence movement.


1st Signal Brigade (United Kingdom), History, First Formation
In 1982 the group was re-titled with accordance with the 1981 Defence White Paper [The Way Forward], to become the 1st Signal Brigade. In addition to the name changes, the brigade also gained command of 244 Signal Squadron (Air Support) at RAF Brize Norton. In 1987 the group was disbanded and merged into the larger 2nd Signal Brigade.


1st Signal Brigade (United Kingdom), History, Reformation
Following the Dissolution of Yugoslavia, increasing tensions in the region lead to a United Nations peacekeeping operation known throughout NATO as Operation Resolute, later the Implementation Force (IFOR). Under this operation, Headquarters Allied Rapid Reaction Corps was deployed, and shortly after headquarters 1st (United Kingdom) Signal Brigade was formed at Rheindahlen Garrison, Germany. The new brigade was tasked specifically with overseeing the units deployed on the operation, and later those supporting HQ ARRC. In December 1995 the brigade deployed to Bosnia and Herzegovina on Op Resolute. Brigade strengh was 1,900 troops and 50% of the HQ Staff of 25 were mobilsied Reserves or TA soldiers.


1st Signal Brigade (United Kingdom), History, Reformation
The brigade's organisation on formation remained the same till 2013 following Army 2020:


1st Signal Brigade (United Kingdom), History, Reformation
Under the Defence in a Competitive Age programme and subsequent Future Soldier, the brigade will leave 6 (UK) Division and be directly subordinated to HQ Allied Rapid Reaction Corps. This move was completed by September 2021, joining 104th Logistic Support Brigade.


1st Signal Brigade (United Kingdom), Current organisation
The brigade's current organisation, as of April 2021, is as follows:


1st Signal Brigade (United Kingdom), Commanders
The following have commanded 1st Signal Brigade since its inception as a separate command:


1st Signal Brigade (United States)
The 1st Signal Brigade ("First to Communicate") is a military communications brigade of the United States Army subordinate to the Eighth United States Army and 311th Signal Command in Hawaii, and located at Camp Humphreys in South Korea.


1st Signal Brigade (United States), History, Vietnam War
The 1st Signal Brigade was activated on 1 April 1966 in South Vietnam. The brigade's mission was to originate, install, operate, and maintain a complex communication system that fused tactical and strategic communications in Southeast Asia under a single, unified command. The formation of the brigade brought together three signal groups that were already in South Vietnam.


1st Signal Brigade (United States), History, Vietnam War
At the peak of the Vietnam War the brigade consisted of more than 23,000 soldiers, in six Signal groups (including the 160th Signal Group), 22 signal battalions and several communications agencies, making the 1st Signal Brigade the largest signal unit in the U.S. Army at the time.


1st Signal Brigade (United States), History, South Korea to present
On 7 November 1972 the brigade was relocated to the Republic of Korea under the United States Army Strategic Communications Command. On 29 January 1973 the 1st Signal Brigade was reestablished by General Order 56 from HQ, USASTRATCOM. The brigade's mission in South Korea is to provide communications support to the Eighth United States Army, United States Forces Korea and the United Nations Command. The brigade was also given the mission of installing, maintaining and operating the Defense Communications System in South Korea.


1st Signal Command (United States)
The 1st Signal Command was a Signal Corps command of the United States Army, based at Fort Riley between 1967 and 1969.


1st Signal Command (United States), History
The command was constituted on 19 April 1967 in the Regular Army as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 1st Signal Command, and activated at Fort Riley on 25 April 1967. Based at Camp Funston, the command was subordinate to the headquarters of the 23rd Field Army Support Command. It was inactivated in March 1969.


1st Signal Regiment (Italy)
The 1st Signal Regiment (Italian: 1° Reggimento Trasmissioni) is a deployable signals regiment of the Italian Army based in Milan in Lombardy. Today the regiment is operationally assigned to the NRDC-ITA Support Brigade.


1st Signal Regiment (Italy), Current Structure
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon.


1st Siklab Sports Youth Awards
The 1st Siklab (Spark) Sports Youth Awards, or the 1st Phoenix Siklab Sports Youth Awards, for sponsorship reasons, is an awarding ceremony bestowed upon young Philippine sports personalities aged 17 and below who are excelled in different local and international sports competitions.


1st Siklab Sports Youth Awards
The Siklab Sports Youth Awards is organized by the PSC–POC Media Group, an organization composed of esteemed sportswriters, both print and online who are covering the Philippine Sports Commission (PSC), the Philippine Olympic Committee (POC), the National Sports Associations (NSAs), and the National Athletes and Teams beat assignments, and it is headed by June V. Navarro of the Philippine Daily Inquirer.


1st Siklab Sports Youth Awards
The inaugural edition of the yearly event was originally scheduled for April 2018, but it was later moved to June 27, 2018, set to be held at the Century Park Hotel Grand Ballroom, Malate, Manila.


1st Siklab Sports Youth Awards, Honor roll, Sports Idol Award
The award was given to Olympic silver medalists Mansueto Velasco and Hidilyn Diaz who serves as an inspiration to young Filipino sportsmen.


1st Siklab Sports Youth Awards, Honor roll, POC Young Heroes Award
The Young Heroes award were given to 24 young athletes who shined in different local and international tourneys/


1st Siklab Sports Youth Awards, Honor roll, POC Super Kids Award
The POC Super Kids Award were given to outstanding young athletes that has competed in collegiate sports competitions including the University Athletic Association of the Philippines and the National Collegiate Athletic Association, as well as the Philippine National Games.


1st Siklab Sports Youth Awards, Honor roll, PSC Children's Games for Peace Award
The PSC Children's Games for Peace Award were given to talented young athletes who are won medals in major age-group sports events including the Batang Pinoy and the Palarong Pambansa.


1st Ski Division (Wehrmacht)
The 1st Ski Division (German: 1. Skijäger-Division) was an infantry unit of the German SS/Army trained to use skis for movement during winter. It was created on the Eastern Front in the autumn of 1943 in preparation for upcoming winter operations. It was enlarged into a full division in the summer of 1944. The division fought exclusively on the Eastern Front as part of  Army Group Centre, including an approach to the Vistula river and during the retreat into Slovakia, southern Poland and the Czech lands (now the Czech Republic), where it surrendered to the Red Army in May 1945.


1st Ski Division (Wehrmacht), Formation and organization
The American writer and publisher George Nafziger states that the 1st Skijäger Division was formed on 2 June 1944 by expanding the 1st Skijäger Brigade, which had been initially formed in September 1943. As was usual for German formations at this point in the war, the division was formed around existing units which were strengthened with new recruits. Elements of the 19th Panzergrenadier Brigade, the 65th Heavy Artillery Regiment, the 152nd Panzerjäger Battalion and the 18th Werfer (Rocket) Battalion with the 615th Flak (anti-aircraft) Battalion which was used to expand the brigade into a division.


1st Somersetshire Engineers
The 1st Somersetshire Engineers was a volunteer unit of Britain's Royal Engineers (RE) whose history dated back to 1868. As the engineer component of the 43rd (Wessex) Division, the unit served in both World Wars, distinguishing itself at the assault crossing of the River Seine at Vernon in August 1944 and in the doomed attempt to relieve the 1st Airborne Division at Arnhem. A detachment also served as airborne engineers in Sicily, Italy and at Arnhem. Their successors served on in the Territorial Army until 1967.


1st Somersetshire Engineers, Origins
The enthusiasm for the Volunteer movement following an invasion scare in 1859 saw the creation of many Rifle, Artillery and Engineer Volunteer units composed of part-time soldiers eager to supplement the Regular British Army in time of need. One such unit was the 1st Somersetshire Engineer Volunteer Corps (EVC) formed at  Nailsea on 5 September 1868. The unit soon had two companies at Nailsea and one at Weston-super-Mare, where the headquarters was moved in 1873.


1st Somersetshire Engineers, Origins
From the beginning, the 1st Somerset EVC was attached to the 1st Administrative Battalion of Gloucestershire Engineer Volunteers. With the reorganisation of the Volunteer Force in 1880, the Gloucestershire Admin Bn was consolidated as the 1st Gloucestershire (The Western Counties) EVC, with the 1st Somerset providing G and H Companies at Nailsea and I Company at Weston-super-Mare. The EVC titles were abandoned in 1888, when the units became 'Engineer Volunteers, Royal Engineers', proclaiming their affiliation to the Regular RE, and then simply 'Royal Engineers (Volunteers)' in 1896.


1st Somersetshire Engineers, Origins
In August 1889 the Devon and Somerset companies were removed from the 1st Gloucestershire and constituted as a separate 1st Devonshire and Somersetshire RE (V), with its HQ at Exeter. The unit sent a detachment of one officer and 25 other ranks to assist the regular REs during the Second Boer War in 1900, and a second section the following year.


1st Somersetshire Engineers, Territorial Force
When the Volunteers were subsumed into the new Territorial Force (TF) in 1908, the Devon and Somerset Engineers were split to form the Devonshire Fortress Royal Engineers at Plymouth and the Somerset-based divisional engineers for the Wessex Division. The latter unit was organised as follows:


1st Somersetshire Engineers, Territorial Force
The divisional Commander Royal Engineers (CRE) was Lt-Col Sidney Keen, TD.


1st Somersetshire Engineers, World War I, Mobilisation
At the end of July 1914 the Wessex Division was at its annual training camp on Salisbury Plain when warning orders were received on 29 July and by the time war was declared on 4 August the division was already at its war stations, defending the ports of southern England. Full mobilisation followed, and by 10 August the division was back on Salisbury Plain undergoing war training.


1st Somersetshire Engineers, World War I, Mobilisation
On 31 August 1914, the formation of 2nd Line units for each existing TF unit was authorised. Initially these were formed from men who had not volunteered for overseas service, together with the recruits who were flooding in. The titles of these units would be the same as the original, but distinguished by a '2/' prefix. An additional 1/3rd (Wessex) Field Company and its 2nd Line had also been formed before the end of September. Later, the 2nd Line were sent overseas and replaced by 3rd Line or Reserve units. At least one such unit, later designated 508th (Wessex) Reserve Field Company, was formed in January 1917 but was probably absorbed into the central training organisation after August.


1st Somersetshire Engineers, World War I, Mobilisation
On 24 September 1914, at the special request of Lord Kitchener, the Wessex Division (later numbered 43rd (Wessex) Division) volunteered to serve in India in order to relieve Regular Army units for service on the Western Front. The infantry and artillery embarked on 9 October, but the divisional engineers, signallers and other support services were left in the UK.


1st Somersetshire Engineers, World War I, 27th Divisional Engineers
During the winter of 1914–15, three new Regular Army Divisions were formed in England from the units returned from India. The Wessex Divisional Engineers were assigned to the first of these, 27th Division:


1st Somersetshire Engineers, World War I, 27th Divisional Engineers
Lieutenant-Colonel Keen assumed the role of CRE of 27th Division on 23 November 1914 and the engineers joined the division at Magdalen Hill Camp, Winchester, on the 27th. The division embarked from Southampton on 19–21 December, concentrating near Arques in France by 25 December.


1st Somersetshire Engineers, World War I, 27th Divisional Engineers, Western Front
27th Division served on the Western Front for almost a year, taking part in the Action at St Eloi (14–15 March) and the Second Battle of Ypres (22 April–25 May). On 17 November the division embarked from Marseille for the Macedonian front.


1st Somersetshire Engineers, World War I, 27th Divisional Engineers, Salonika
27th Division completed its disembarkation at Salonika on 17 February 1916. In August the forward Allied troops were thrown into disarray by a Bulgarian attack, and the British took up positions along the River Struma. 27th Division was then ordered to destroy two railway bridges across its tributary, the River Angista, to delay the Bulgarian advance towards the Struma.


1st Somersetshire Engineers, World War I, 27th Divisional Engineers, Salonika
A mixed party of six officers and 77 other ranks, drawn from 17th Field Company, RE, the divisional mounted squadron (Surrey Yeomanry) and the cyclist company, went out from the Struma bridgehead at Neohori, and blew up the first bridge early in the morning of 20 August. The second bridge was damaged enough to stop trains crossing. The party withdrew with only one officer and one man wounded.


1st Somersetshire Engineers, World War I, 27th Divisional Engineers, Salonika
A second, larger raid, was then mounted, by a detachment of 17th Fd Co, Yeomanry, mounted infantry and cyclists, covered by 3rd Bn King's Royal Rifle Corps and two guns of 99th Battery Royal Field Artillery. The party moved out from Neohori bridge before dawn on 23 August and burned two out of three target bridges over the Angista before being attacked. A planned movement to bridges further away was abandoned, but one party of sappers and mounted infantry slipped upstream unseen and destroyed the third Angista bridge.


1st Somersetshire Engineers, World War I, 27th Divisional Engineers, Salonika
27th Division's first offensive action was on 30 September 1916 when it made a dawn attack across the River Struma  to capture the villages of Karajakoi Bala and Karajakoi Zir. 1/1st Wessex Fd Co then erected Wire entanglements around the captured villages before Bulgarian counter-attacks came in after dark. The attack was then continued to extend the position to include the village of Yenikoi, by 4 October.


1st Somersetshire Engineers, World War I, 27th Divisional Engineers, Salonika
The next attack was across the Virhanli Stream against Tumbitza Farm on the night of 16/17 November. 10th Battalion Cameron Highlanders was ordered to attack across a pontoon bridge laid by No 4 Section of 1/2nd Wessex Fd Co, but in the dark they found the stream was too wide. The infantry were already exhausted from carrying the pontoons, which had to be left hidden when the force withdrew. A second attempt was made in thick fog on the morning of 6 December by 2nd Bn Gloucestershire Regiment. No 4 Section erected the bridge in 10 minutes, but the attackers were beaten back. A renewed attack at dawn on 7 December also failed, the bridge being destroyed by Bulgarian shellfire, even though the Wessex sappers discovered that the stream was only waist-deep and could be forded.


1st Somersetshire Engineers, World War I, 27th Divisional Engineers, Salonika
The TF field companies were numbered on 1 February 1917, the two in 27th Division becoming  500th (1st Wessex) and 501st (2nd Wessex) respectively.


1st Somersetshire Engineers, World War I, 27th Divisional Engineers, Salonika
27th Division was not involved in the Second Battle of Doiran, and little else happened on the British part of the Macedonian Front in 1917. 27th Division spent almost two years in the malarial Struma Valley, the only significant action occurring when the division took part in the capture of  Homondos on 14 October. The front became active again in September 1918 when the Allies began the final offensive and 27th Division was engaged in the capture of the Roche Noire Salient, followed by the passage of the Vardar and pursuit to the Strumica Valley.


1st Somersetshire Engineers, World War I, 27th Divisional Engineers, Black Sea
The Armistice of Salonica was signed by Bulgaria on 29 September 1918, ending hostilities on the Macedonian Front. 27th Division withdrew back down the Struma, but in December it embarked for the Black Sea, the first brigade accompanied by 17th Fd Co reaching Batum on 22 December. The rest of the division arrived by the end of January. The force was part of the British intervention in the complex situation of independent regimes that had emerged in the Caucasus region following the collapse of the Russian and Ottoman Turkish empires. Detachments of the division were scattered across the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, Democratic Republic of Georgia and First Republic of Armenia. British troops began to withdraw in August 1919 and 27th Division was disbanded between 7 and 24 September after handing over to an Inter-Allied force at Batum.


1st Somersetshire Engineers, World War I, 45th (2nd Wessex) Divisional Engineers
The divisional engineers for the 2nd Wessex Division duplicated those of the 1st:


1st Somersetshire Engineers, World War I, 45th (2nd Wessex) Divisional Engineers
The division was rapidly recruited, and it followed the 1st Line division to India in December 1914 (where it was later renumbered 45th (2nd Wessex) Division). Once again, the engineers and other support troops were left behind, and on 23 February 1916, 45th Divisional RE joined 58th (2/1st London) Division, becoming part of 58th Divisional RE for the rest of the war. The field companies later received the numbers 503 and 504, and the signal company became the 58th. They served with the division on the Western Front from February 1917 until the end of the war.


1st Somersetshire Engineers, World War I, 57th (2nd West Lancashire) Divisional Engineers
A new 1/3rd Wessex Field Company was raised in September 1914 and the 2/3rd by the end of the year. They were eventually assigned to the 57th (2nd West Lancashire) Division, 1/3rd joining from Christchurch, Hampshire on 9 December 1915, and 2/3rd from Taunton in Somerset on 26 February 1916. In February 1917 they were numbered 502nd and 505th respectively. They served with the division on the Western Front from February 1917 until the end of the war.


1st Somersetshire Engineers, Interwar
43rd (Wessex) Division was reconstituted in the renamed Territorial Army (TA) in 1920. The divisional engineers were organised as follows:


1st Somersetshire Engineers, Interwar
The signal company was transferred to the new Royal Corps of Signals formed in 1920 as 43rd (Wessex) Divisional Signals. In 1938, 206th (Hampshire) Field Company left to join Hampshire Fortress Royal Engineers where it became No 2 (206th) (Electric Light and Works) Company.