1st Hull Heavy Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery, East Africa, Flying columns
Apart from the section at Kilwa, the whole battery was at Morogoro. Having handed its remaining guns over to 134th (Cornwall) Bty, it had two of that battery's Indian-pattern 5.4-inch howitzers for training. These sections then acted as a depot, sending men forward to Kilwa until 29 August, when those remaining at Morogoro were sent to Dar es Salaam and all fit men were with the battery at Kilwa. The two remaining howitzers of the former 158th Bty had been at Chenera, some 40 miles (64 km) from Kilwa, since the end of 1916. Towards the end of June 1917 the whole battery moved (using porters to draw the guns in the absence of motor vehicles) to Rombo to join No 2 Column of Deventer's force.


1st Hull Heavy Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery, East Africa, Flying columns
The advance began on 4 July, the columns pursuing the German commander Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck and his small force, which engaged them with rearguards, but never stayed long enough for the battery to get into action. Mobility was improved in mid-July when the Napier and FWD vehicles arrived, and the battery crossed over to No 1 Column, which was spearheading the pursuit. Roads were bad, necessitating the use of porters to help the vehicles, and the battery remained inactive at Mssindy throughout August while the infantry cleared the surrounding area.


1st Hull Heavy Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery, East Africa, Flying columns
No 2 Column was reinforced in mid-September, and renewed the advance, with 11th (Hull) Bty in attendance. It now had wireless-equipped aircraft spotting for the guns. The Hull battery went into action supporting infantry attacks on Ndessa Kati and Ndessa Juu on 20 September, and against German machine gun positions on high ground near Nahungu on 1 October. It then switched to support an attack by No 1 Column on 4 and 5 October.


1st Hull Heavy Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery, East Africa, Flying columns
Von Lettow-Vorbeck was now in danger of being encircled by the columns and fighting became bitter. The Hull battery broke up one counterattack with shrapnel and high explosive shells on 21 October. On 11 November the battery supported an infantry attack on Chiwata Hill and then shelled German positions over succeeding days. Serjeant Arthur Cowbourne was awarded a Distinguished Conduct Medal for maintaining the telephone line between the OP and the column.


1st Hull Heavy Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery, East Africa, Flying columns
Deventer had now linked up with troops from Lindi, and von Lettow-Vorbeck retreated into Portuguese East Africa. Assuming that the campaign was now essentially over (in fact von Lettow-Vorbeck conducted a guerrilla campaign for the rest of the war) the British commanders began reducing the European force in East Africa. 11th (Hull) Battery sailed from Lindi to Dar es Salaam on 7 December and left for home via Durban on 13 December.


1st Hull Heavy Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery, 545th Siege Battery
The battery returned to England aboard RMS Durham Castle, landing at Plymouth on 31 January 1918. On 1 March at Aldershot it was redesignated 545th Siege Battery, RGA, under the command of Captain (now Major) Floyd, who set out to get back as many veterans of the 1st Hull Bty as he could from other RGA units where they had been posted from convalescence hospitals. The battery was joined by newly trained signallers from Catterick Camp, and on 2 April it moved to Lydd for training.


1st Hull Heavy Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery, 545th Siege Battery
Lord Nunburnholme, who had originally raised the battery in 1914, now joined it as an active officer. Although he was a former Major in the 2nd Volunteer Battalion, East Yorkshire Regiment, and was Honorary Colonel of its 5th (Cyclist) Battalion (and of the East Riding Volunteers, a wartime home guard organisation), and held a Distinguished Service Order (DSO) from service with the City Imperial Volunteers during the Boer War, his army rank was only that of an honorary lieutenant. He was now commissioned as temporary captain in the RGA on 15 May 1918. After completing the battery officers' course at Lydd he joined the battery in France on 14 September and served as second-in-command to Major Floyd.


1st Hull Heavy Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery, 545th Siege Battery
The battery moved to Hilsea Barracks on 10 June, where it was intended to become the crew for a 12-inch railway howitzer. However, Maj Floyd objected and in July the battery was re-equipped with four modern 6-inch Mk XIX guns towed by Holt tractors, with an MT section of 16 Thornycroft lorries. On 17 July the battery embarked at Southampton Docks while the guns and transport went from Portsmouth Harbour. The battery landed at Le Havre on 16 July 1918 and deployed in the Lys sector under Fifth Army, where it came under regular gas shelling.


1st Hull Heavy Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery, Western Front
545th Siege Battery had arrived on the Western Front in time for the Allied Hundred Days Offensive. The success of the Battle of Amiens caused the Germans to withdraw from the Lys Salient and the battery had to move forward to new positions. It came into action at Doulieu on 20 September, at once coming under heavy Counter-battery fire. The following day it was pulled out and moved south to join Fourth Army, with which it served for the rest of the war.


1st Hull Heavy Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery, Western Front, St Quentin Canal
At Peronne the battery joined 47th Brigade RGA, assigned to III Corps. The gunners were unable to find suitable positions during the night of 24/25 September, and left their gun platforms beside the road under guard. During the night one of the platforms received a direct hit from enemy fire. The guns were positioned the following night, and from 27 September took part in the preparatory bombardment for the assault on the Hindenburg Line (the Battle of St Quentin Canal) by III Corps and II US Corps.


1st Hull Heavy Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery, Western Front, St Quentin Canal
On 27 November it carried out counter-battery fire in support of the Americans' preliminary attack on 'The Knoll', continuing the following day as calls for support came in from the infantry. For the main attack on 29 September, the battery fired a large number of tasks on roads and bridges, as well as enemy batteries.


1st Hull Heavy Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery, Western Front, Beaurevoir Line
The firing continued on 1 October, as III Corps was relieved by XIII Corps to continue the offensive. The battery targeted Usigny Dump, a German stores depot  masked in a dip in the ground some 6 miles (9.7 km) away. It also fired on strongpoints at Villers Farm, Élincourt and Serain, and roads around Villers-Outréaux and Malincourt. The battery then moved up to Ronssoy to join the howitzers of 47th Bde to support XIII and Australian Corps' attack on the Hindenburg Support Line (the Beaurevoir Line) on 3–5 October.


1st Hull Heavy Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery, Western Front, Beaurevoir Line
Getting the artillery forward following these victories proved difficult, but 545th Siege Bty's Right Section was attached to 'Roberts Brigade', an ad hoc formation organised for the pursuit, and continued its bombardment on 10 October from Maurois railway station. Left Section suffered from a German air raid on the night of 9/10 October, without casualties. While Right Section followed the advance, Left Section manned a brigade ammunition dump at Maretz.


1st Hull Heavy Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery, Western Front, Selle
The pursuit ended at the River Selle. For its assault crossing of the river on 17 October (the Battle of the Selle), XIII Corps had its 6-inch guns, including 545th Siege Bty (now in 73rd Army Brigade, RGA), sited well forward so that they could hit the crossings over the Sambre Canal, which carried the German lines of supply (and retreat). The assault went in behind a massive bombardment, the attacking infantry crossing the Selle by means of duckboard bridges. By the end of the day Fourth Army had forced its way across the Selle and broken into the German Hermann Stellung I defences. Over succeeding days it closed up to the Sambre Canal.


1st Hull Heavy Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery, Western Front, Selle
545th Siege Battery's guns had now fired so many rounds that their barrels required re-lining, and were sent to the Ordnance depot at Amiens on 27 October, thereby missing the Battle of the Sambre. Meanwhile, the personnel and the ammunition column moved forward to Le Cateau. During the night of 27/28 October their position came under heavy fire from German artillery, and ammunition lorries were set alight. Serjeant Goodwin (ASC) and Lance-Bombardier Frank Dickens (545th Bty) were awarded the Meritorious Service Medal for their gallantry in throwing shells from a burning lorry. In the confused pursuit, one of the ammunition lorries was accidentally driven into No man's land and had to be abandoned until the enemy retreated.


1st Hull Heavy Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery, Disbandment
On 5 November, all heavy artillery batteries in XIII Corps' area were stood down and the men billeted in Le Cateau. The Armistice with Germany came into effect on 11 November. 545th Siege Bty handed over three of its re-lined Mk XIX guns to 189th Siege Bty, which went forward as part of the Army of Occupation, receiving older Mk VII 6-inch guns in exchange. The battery moved to Saulzoir in December, where it carried out salvage duties. Demobilisation began at New Year, and the men were progressively sent to Clipstone Camp in Nottinghamshire, where the last group of men from the original 1st Hull Battery were demobilised on 31 July 1919.


1st Hum Awards
The 1st Servis Hum Awards Ceremony (referred to as Hum Awards) presented by the Hum Television Network and Entertainment Channel (HTNEC), sponsored by Servis, Telenor and co-sponsored by Nokia Lumia, to honored the best dramas of 2012 of its own Channel Hum and to Fashion, Music. Ceremony took place on March 12, 2013  at the Expo Center in Karachi, Sindh beginning at PM/IST 8:00 p.m. and was televised on 28 April 2013. During the ceremony, the Hum Channel presented Awards in 24 regular categories along with in 3 honorary and in 2 special categories. The ceremony, televised in the Pakistan by Hum TV.


1st Hum Awards
Hosts Mikaal Zulfiqar, Mahira Khan and co-host Vasay Chaudhry became the first ever hosts of ceremony. During the ceremony Hum held its annual Honorary Awards, which were presented by host Bushra Ansari.


1st Hum Awards
Shehr-e-Zaat won three awards including Best Drama Serial for Momina Duraid, Abdullah Kadwani & Asad Qureshi. Mere Qatil Mere Dildar won two awards, including Best Supporting Actress for Shagufta Ejaz. Sanjha won two awards including Best Director for Farooq Rind. Humsafar also won two awards. Other winners were Bari Aapa, Raju Rocket, Nikhar Gaye Gulab Sare, Fun Khana, Extras (The Mango People), Mujhay Roothnay Na Daina, Kitni Girhain Baqi Hain, Maat, Dastaan with one award each. Mahira Khan won the Best Actress award for her role in Shehr-e-Zaat. Noman Ejaz won Best Actor for portraying the promising character in Bari Aapa.


1st Hum Awards, Winners and nominees
The nominees for the public voting were announced on February 20, 2013, and rest of the categories were announced on 12 March 2013, through the official website of HUM TV and by Mikaal Zulfiqar Host of 1st Annual Hum Awards, and actress Mahira Khan. In addition, Mikaal and Mahira were in the uncommon position of co-hosting the event as they themselves were nominated for an Hum Award (For Best Actor and Best Actress). Seven categories were set to be open for voting by viewers. Show is sponsored by Servis. The drama receiving the most nomination was Meray Qatil Meray Dildar followed by Maat, Roshan Sitara and Shehr-e-Zaat.


1st Hum Awards, Winners and nominees
The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on March 12, 2013. Shehr-e-Zaat become the first winner of Drama Serial category. Momina Duraid Won two Awards for producing dramas/soaps/sitcoms. Farooq Rind won Best Director Drama Serial, while Sanjha was one of the drama series which was not included in Best Drama Serial category. Noman Ejaz and Mahira Khan bags the Awards for Best Actor & Best Actress respectively and become the pioneer of these categories. As of first ceremony Best Supporting Actress category marked the first occurrence of a tie, ultimately Shagufta Ejaz for Mere Qatil Mere Dildaar and Samina Peerzada for Roshan Sitara.


1st Hum Awards, Winners and nominees, Honorary Hum Awards
Hosted by Bushra Ansari, Hum Presents its honorary awards in TV and Music categories to Pakistani artist relevant to their category.


1st Hum Awards, Ceremony Information
The 1st Hum awards was presented By Servis and powered by Telenor Talk Shawlk and Nokia Lumia. The music of Hum awards was composed by Waqar Ali. In addition to hosting, the co-host Vasay Chaudry was the script writer, arranger, and writer of the ceremony. Main Host's themselves were nominated for Best Actor in a lead role and Best Actress in a lead role.


1st Hum Awards, Ceremony Information, Voting Trend and Summary
Voting Trend for 1st Hum Awards was very genuine and authentic. Awards have both involvement of Jury and Audience. At launching of Hum Awards Shazia Ramzi announces the voting trend and Categories for which the actors were nominated. Out of the 32 categories, seven categories are Viewers’ Choice.


1st Hum Awards, Ceremony Information, Voting Trend and Summary
Voting for viewers’ choice was did through IVR, SMS & on Hum TV official Website from 20 February – 5 March 2013 (Voting and Nominations are closed now)The other categories will be judged by a specialist jury and includes, Best On-Screen Couple for which Fawad Khan and Mahira Khan are nominees for their appearance in the extremely popular series, Humsafar among others.


1st Hum Awards, Reception
The show received a mixed reception from media outlets and print publications, generally lauding Mahira Khan as a Host. People praise her much as a host. Mikaal also did a good job being doing a first full-fledged hosting. The whole ceremony was praised and watched by Pakistanis with full zenith, zeal and zest across the Globe.


1st Hum Awards, Reception, Ali Pir Gul nomination
Pakistani comedian turned singer Ali Pir Gul was nominated at Hum awards in Music field but the team and management skips his nomination without knowing him which turned this news to a controversy.


1st Hundred Flowers Awards
Ceremony for the 1st Hundred Flowers Awards was held in 1962, Beijing.


1st Hussars
The 1st Hussars is an armoured Primary Reserve regiment of the Canadian Armed Forces, based in London and Sarnia, Ontario.


1st Hussars, Early history, Foundation and organisation
The 1st Hussars traces its roots to the formation of the St. Thomas Troop of Volunteer Militia Cavalry in March 1856 and the First Troop of Volunteer Militia Cavalry of London in July of the same year. In 1863, these units were redesignated the St. Thomas Troop of Cavalry and the London Troop of Cavalry, respectively. Both troops were put on active duty in southwestern Ontario in response to the Fenian raid of 1866, but neither had contact with the invading forces.


1st Hussars, Early history, Foundation and organisation
The two troops were consolidated under one headquarters, forming the St. Thomas and London Squadron of Canada in January 1867. Both troops were again called into active service during the 1870 Fenian invasion, but again neither saw action.


1st Hussars, Early history, Foundation and organisation
In May 1872, the squadron was expanded with four additional cavalry troops, for a total of six, to become the 1st Regiment of Cavalry, headquartered in St. Thomas. Subunits included:


1st Hussars, Early history, Foundation and organisation
No. 5 and No. 6 Troops disbanded in 1874. In 1880, regimental headquarters moved to London, where it has remained to this day. The 1st Regiment of Cavalry was redesignated the 1st Regiment of Cavalry Hussars in 1888, and 1st Hussars in 1892. In 1896 and 1897, the remaining four troops' numbered designations were replaced with letters and the troops were renamed as squadrons.


1st Hussars, Early history, Foundation and organisation
In February 1905, the regiment moved into the newly built London Armouries at the corner of Dundas and Waterloo Streets, which it used until 1977. By 1913, 'A' Squadron had moved to London from St. Thomas, 'C' Squadron had moved from Mooretown to Courtright, where it was disbanded, and 'D' Squadron had moved from Kingsville to Amherstburg, where it was renamed 'C' Squadron after the disbandment of the Courtright squadron.


1st Hussars, Early history, 1st Hussars in South Africa
October 1899 saw the outbreak of the Second Boer War between the British Empire and the Boer republics of the Orange Free State and the Transvaal Republic.


1st Hussars, Early history, 1st Hussars in South Africa
Although the 1st Hussars did not participate as a unit, 27 of the regiment's members went to South Africa with other units of the Canadian Army.


1st Hussars, Early history, 1st Hussars in South Africa
Six Hussars joined the special service battalion of The Royal Canadian Regiment of Infantry and participated in the engagements at Sunnyside, Paardeberg and the capture of Pretoria.


1st Hussars, Early history, 1st Hussars in South Africa
Another 15 Hussars joined 'A' Squadron, 1st Battalion of the Canadian Mounted Rifles (later renamed the Royal Canadian Dragoons). The 1st Battalion CMR arrived in South Africa in March 1900 and fought in the region, participating in the March to Pretoria and the Battle of Leliefontein on the Komati River in November 1900 before returning to Canada.


1st Hussars, Early history, 1st Hussars in South Africa
In 1901, six members of the 1st Hussars joined the newly established South African Constabulary.


1st Hussars, First World War, Mobilization and deployment
As with the Boer War, the 1st Hussars did not participate as a unit.


1st Hussars, First World War, Mobilization and deployment
At the outbreak of the war, some 66 members of the regiment joined the 1st Western Ontario Battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force which was raised in late 1914. The Western Ontario Battalion was present at the Second Battle of Ypres.


1st Hussars, First World War, Mobilization and deployment
In November 1914, the 7th Canadian Mounted Rifles was raised. ' A' Squadron was recruited in London, 'B' Squadron drew men from Windsor, Sarnia and Amherstburg and 'C' Squadron was raised in Toronto. ' A' Squadron was attached to the 2nd Canadian Division in March 1915 as the divisional cavalry squadron. In June 1915, 7 CMR sailed for England. In January 1916, 'A' Squadron was renamed Special Service Squadron, First (Canadian) Hussars to reflect the unit's roots in 1st Hussars. By mid-May 1916, the squadron became part of the Canadian Corps Cavalry Regiment, later renamed the Canadian Light Horse, forming 'B' Squadron of the regiment.


1st Hussars, First World War, Vimy Ridge
On 9 April 1917, the Battle of Vimy Ridge commenced. During the battle, the CLH was committed on the southern flank of the line where elements of the regiment were tasked with reconnaissance towards the village of Willerval to determine if a breakthrough would be possible, or if the village could be held. Two mounted patrols set out at around 4:30 p.m., one approaching from the north and the other from the south. The northern patrol entered the village and was able to take about 15 prisoners before withdrawing under fire from a German machine-gun. The southern patrol ran into a German position and was also forced to withdraw under fire. The two patrols lost six men killed, six wounded and another three missing.


1st Hussars, First World War, Hundred Days Offensive, Amiens to Canal Du Nord
From 8 August 1918 to 28 August, The 1st Hussars of the Canadian Light Horse were tasked mostly as despatch riders, traffic controllers and in other support roles in the rear of the Canadian Corps at Amiens. On 9 August, five members of 'B' Squadron attempted to capture a German ammunition convoy they had spotted while running messages. Although they were unsuccessful in capturing the wagons, they managed to take some 20 prisoners.


1st Hussars, First World War, Hundred Days Offensive, Amiens to Canal Du Nord
The CLH moved into the Canal Du Nord area on the night of 26 September to 27 September. Some elements of the regiment performed costly reconnaissance patrols in the area while the unit waited in reserve just behind the lines for a breakthrough that the cavalry could exploit.


1st Hussars, First World War, Hundred Days Offensive, Escaudoeuvres and Erclin River
On 9 October 1918, the Canadian Corps attacked the Germans near the French village of Escaudoeuvres on the L'Escaut Canal (north-east of Cambrai). By this point, battlefield was becoming more fluid and cavalry playing a more important role during operations. On the 9th, the CLH was ordered to occupy two pieces high ground in front of 5 Canadian Infantry Brigade's position. Just after noon, 'B' Squadron CLH was ordered forward with 'A' and 'C' Squadrons in support. The troops advanced across the canal and approached a rail line which ran along the ridge on the far bank.


1st Hussars, First World War, Hundred Days Offensive, Escaudoeuvres and Erclin River
As the troops closed on the rail line, machine-guns opened up on the right hitting several men and horses. The situation on the left of the advance developed in a similar fashion with MGs opening up as the troopers crested the rail embankment. One of the German MGs was put out of action allowing a position to be established and Hotchkiss Machine guns set up on the rail embankment. One troop was sent in an attempt to outflank the remaining German MGs, but they were unsuccessful.


1st Hussars, First World War, Hundred Days Offensive, Escaudoeuvres and Erclin River
The position was held and passed on to the 25th Battalion, CEF and the CLH troops retired. One non-commissioned officer (William Henry Wells) was killed and 11 men were wounded in the action which gained 2500 meters of ground and inflicted at least 20 casualties on the Germans and captured two German MGs.


1st Hussars, First World War, Hundred Days Offensive, Escaudoeuvres and Erclin River
The next day the First Hussars would participate in an action that saw the last of the few cavalry charges in Canadian history. The Canadian Corps continued to advance on the far bank of the canal. The village of Naves was captured by the 19th Battalion, CEF, which continued on to capture a ridgeline to the east of the village.


1st Hussars, First World War, Hundred Days Offensive, Escaudoeuvres and Erclin River
The objective for 'A' and 'C' Squadrons of the CLH was to capture a portion of sunken road on the ridgeline and continue on to take a hill overlooking the village of Iwuy . 'B' Squadron was held in reserve. ' A' and 'C' Squadrons forded the Erclin River and charged up the hill towards the sunken road. The charge resulted in 23 dead troopers and 66 dead horses, but despite the losses, the hill was taken and held.


1st Hussars, First World War, Hundred Days Offensive, Escaudoeuvres and Erclin River
As the Hundred Day's offensive continued, the 1st Hussars and rest of the CLH found itself often leading the advance, and letting the infantry pass through when resistance was met.


1st Hussars, First World War, Hundred Days Offensive, Escaudoeuvres and Erclin River
Members of the 1st Hussars also participated in the following actions, among others:


1st Hussars, Second World War, Mobilization and deployment
"Defence Scheme Number 3" was implemented on 1 September 1939 and saw the raising of 1st Canadian Division, Canadian Active Service Force. The 1st Hussars provided Divisional Cavalry for CASF (1st Division). In December 1939, the majority of 1st Division sailed for England, but the 1st Hussars stayed behind in London because there were not enough tanks to equip the regiment.


1st Hussars, Second World War, Mobilization and deployment
In January 1940, 1st Hussars contributed the Headquarters Squadron and 'C' Squadron to the First Canadian Cavalry Regiment (Mechanised) (1 CCR (M)). ('A' Squadron was mainly supplied by the Royal Canadian Dragoons and 'B' Squadron was filled by members of Lord Strathcona's Horse.). 1 CCR (M) was still part of the 1st Canadian Division. In May 1940, 1 CCR (M) left London for Camp Borden where they trained on the Carden-Loyd Machine Carrier, the Vickers Mk. VIB Light Tank and the American M1917 light tank. Although these tanks were obsolete, they served the purpose of training the regiment's members in tactics and vehicle maintenance.


1st Hussars, Second World War, Mobilization and deployment
In January 1941, the Squadrons of 1 CCR (M) returned to their respective units as they became mobilised as regiments.


1st Hussars, Second World War, Mobilization and deployment
The Canadian Armoured Corps (CAC) was raised in August 1940 and the 1st Hussars found themselves organised within it. In spring of 1941, 1st Hussars, now the 6th Canadian Armoured Regiment (1st Hussars) (6 CAR), became part of the 1st Canadian Armoured Brigade, which departed to England in October 1941. The regiment took up residence in Aldershot where they continued their training. In early 1942, 6 CAR received some M3 Lee tanks and Canadian Ram Mk. Is and IIs.


1st Hussars, Second World War, Mobilization and deployment
The Hussars remained a part of 1 CAB until January 1943, when they were reorganised into the 3rd Canadian Army Tank Brigade along with The Fort Garry Horse and the Sherbrooke Fusilier Regiment. In July 1943, 3 CATB was re-designated the 2nd Canadian Armoured Brigade (2CAB), a designation which remained until the end of the war.


1st Hussars, Second World War, Mobilization and deployment
6 CAR continued training in the village of Elstead in southern England before moving to Combined Operations Training Centre in Inverary, Scotland where they prepared for an Amphibious assault. In December 1943, the First Hussars were introduced to "Duplex Drive" (DD for short) tanks. Initially the regiment was trained on the Valentine DD, until it was re-equipped with the M4A4 Sherman DD and Sherman Vc "Firefly" in April 1944.


1st Hussars, Second World War, D-Day and Normandy
The DD tanks of the 1st Hussars were amongst the allied forces to come ashore in Normandy. The Hussars were to support the infantry landing on the western half of Juno Beach.


1st Hussars, Second World War, D-Day and Normandy
At 07:15, 19 tanks of 'B' Squadron launched their Sherman V DDs from their landing-craft into the English Channel some 4000 meters from shore of Nan Green Beach. Of 'B' Squadron's 19 tanks, 15 made it to shore ahead of the Regina Rifles, whom they were tasked to support.


1st Hussars, Second World War, D-Day and Normandy
'A' Squadron launched some of their DDs some ten minutes later than 'B' Squadron, from approximately 1500 meters out and headed towards Mike Beach. Only two of the four LTCs carrying 'A' Squadron were able to launch all their tanks off shore. Of 'A' Squadron's 19 tanks, 10 were launched into the channel with seven of those making it to shore. Five tanks were landed directly onto the beach, and four were stranded on a landing craft which struck a mine. The tanks of 'A' Squadron were to support the Winnipeg Rifles, who were already fighting on the beach when they came ashore.


1st Hussars, Second World War, D-Day and Normandy
At the beach, many of tanks of the 1st Hussars stayed partially submerged just off shore in a hull down position. After dropping their screens, they began engaging the German antitank guns, machine-gun nests and other strong points, allowing the infantry to break the beach defences and make its way inland. ' A' Squadron made its way inland to the village of Graye-sur-Mer where the Winnipeg Rifles were attempting to capture bridges over the Suelles River. 'B' Squadron helped clear Courseulles-sur-Mer before breaking out into the countryside.


1st Hussars, Second World War, D-Day and Normandy
At 08:20, 'C' Squadron's Sherman Vc Fireflies and Sherman IIIs were landed directly onto Mike Red beach, along with the regimental Headquarters Squadron. By this time, resistance at the beach had been cleared.


1st Hussars, Second World War, D-Day and Normandy
After clearing Courseulles-sur-Mer, The regiment made its way inland. South of Reviers, 'B' Squadron encountered a German 88 which knocked out six tanks before being put out of action. Seven Hussar crewmen were killed in the engagement. Due to these losses,'B' squadron was pulled back to the beach after the encounter. As mentioned above, 'A' Squadron moved on to Graye-sur-Mer where the Winnipeg Rifles were fighting to secure the village. ' A' Squadron joined the fight in support of the Winnipegs, along with elements of 'C' squadron who were catching up.


1st Hussars, Second World War, D-Day and Normandy
After the village was captured, 'C' Squadron pressed on, with 2nd Troop reaching the regiment's objective of the Caen-Bayeux Highway, becoming the only Allied unit to reach its D-Day objective. One survivor of D-Day said that "A German soldier actually saluted us on our way to the objective. I guess he was surprised to see us this far inland" However, 2nd troop had to pull back, as they were too far ahead of the rest of the force and too few to hold the objective. At dusk, the regiment pulled back to the channel to rest. the 1st Hussars suffered 21 killed, 17 wounded during the actions of D-Day. ' A' Squadron was left with 9 tanks at the end of the day and 'B' Squadron was reduced to 4 tanks.


1st Hussars, Second World War, D-Day and Normandy
After D-Day, the 1st Hussars continued to support infantry as it advanced and faced German counter-attacks. On 9 June, the Hussars supported the Canadian Scottish as they re-took Putot-en-Bessin and engaged Panthers of the 1st Battalion, SS-Panzer Regiment 12 (of the 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend), destroying 6.


1st Hussars, Second World War, D-Day and Normandy, Battle of Le Mesnil-Patry
On the afternoon of Sunday, 11 June, 'B' Squadron of the 1st Hussars was decimated during an abortive attack with The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada on the hamlet of Le Mesnil Patry, North-West of Caen. Panzergrenadiers, pioneers and tanks of the 12th SS Panzer Division were able to ambush the tanks of 'B' Squadron in part due to intelligence gleaned from the Hussar's own radio traffic after capturing wireless codes from a destroyed Canadian tank on 9 June.


1st Hussars, Second World War, D-Day and Normandy, Battle of Le Mesnil-Patry
Using Panzerfausts, Panzerschrecks and anti-tank guns, the German forces were able destroy 51 Shermans, and inflict 61 killed or missing, 2 wounded and 11 captured on the 1st Hussars. The Queen's Own Rifles suffered 55 killed, 33 wounded and 11 taken prisoner during the attack. The attack is remembered as "The Black Day", "Black Sunday" and the "Black Sabbath" within the Regiment. It accounted for roughly one third of the 1st Hussars' dead over the entire war.


1st Hussars, Second World War, D-Day and Normandy, Capture of Caen
After the disaster at Le Mesnil Patry, the 1st Hussars were taken off the front lines to refit and regroup. After a few weeks of rest and training the Hussars were back in action on 8 July 1944 as part of Operation Charnwood, with the objectives of capturing the village of Cussy and the Ardenne Abbey. ' A' Squadron supported the Canadian Scottish in its attack on Cussy, 'C' squadron was assigned to support the Regina Rifles in their attack on the Abby while 'B' Squadron and The Royal Winnipeg Rifles were held in reserve.


1st Hussars, Second World War, D-Day and Normandy, Capture of Caen
When the attack started at 18:30, the Hussars again found themselves opposing the 12th SS, including Panther tanks, anti-tank guns and infantry. ' A' Squadron and the Reginas had to first fight to secure their start line before proceeding to the Abbey. At around 23:45, the Abbey, which had been the headquarters of Kurt 'Panzer' Meyer and the site of the execution of 20 Canadian POWs who were captured a month before, was captured. By 9 July, portions of Caen north and east of the Orne River had been captured.


1st Hussars, Second World War, D-Day and Normandy, Capture of Caen
The 1st Hussars were again in action on 18 July during Goodwood which aimed to capture the portions of Caen South and East of the Orne. The Canadian portion of Goodwood was code-named Operation Atlantic, which aimed to secure a bridgehead over the Orne east of Caen. The Hussar's objectives during Atlantic included the capture of the steelworks at Colombelles on the east bank of the river, the eastern suburbs of Giberville and Faubourg de Vaucelles. By end of 19 July, all the Hussars' objectives were captured and the bridgehead was secure.


1st Hussars, Second World War, D-Day and Normandy, Capture of Caen
As Atlantic wound down, planning for an attack against Verrières Ridge began, known as Operation Spring. As the Canadian's pushed south towards the Start Line on 20 July, 'A' Squadron of the 1st Hussars was tasked with supporting the attack on Saint-André-sur-Orne and the Beauvoir and Troteval farms by Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal. Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal initially captured the village and the farms, but were pushed back by the counter-attacks of the 1SS Panzerdivision and 272nd Infantry Division. The Beauvoir and Troteval farms would be retaken later in the evening with the assistance of the Hussar's 'A' Sqn. Sporadic fighting continued for a few days as the lines stabilized below Verrières Ridge. During this time, the Germans reinforced their positions on the ridge under the cover of storms that kept allied attack aircraft grounded.


1st Hussars, Second World War, D-Day and Normandy, Capture of Caen
Operation Spring began on 25 July. 'C' Sqn of the 1st Hussars were to support the Royal Hamilton Light Infantry in their attack against the village of Verrières and then continue to Rocquancourt with the Royal Regiment of Canada. 'B' Sqn was to support the Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders, the Calgary Highlanders and the Black Watch as they attacked the villages of Saint-André-sur-Orne, Saint-Martin-de-Fontenay, May-sur-Orne and Fontenay-le-Marmion. Most of the attacks against the ridge met heavy resistance and were fought to a standstill by the Germans, with only the Village of Verrières being captured and held. The attack cost 'C' Squadron 14 of its 19 tanks and 27 casualties. These losses paled in comparison to those of the Black Watch who lost 310 of the 325 men who left the start line.


1st Hussars, Regimental seniority
Despite "1st" in the title, the regiment is not the most senior armoured unit. With the militia reorganization of 1872, the senior or only cavalry regiment within a Militia District adopted the numerical designation of that district. Southwestern Ontario comprised Military District No. 1, hence the original designation as the 1st Regiment of Cavalry. The unit was renamed 1st Hussars in 1892 and because a British hussar unit numbered "1" never existed, it was unnecessary to add a 'Canada' or 'Canadian' modifier.


1st Hussars, Regimental seniority
Following the Second World War, because of wartime and earlier conversion to armour of some more senior infantry regiments, the Royal Canadian Armoured Corps decided that seniority would be determined by date of becoming a regiment, regardless of the corps in which the unit was raised. Regular Force regiments take precedence, and seniority among themselves by the date they became part of the Regular Force. 1st Hussars is placed seventh in the order of seniority of militia armoured regiments.


1st Hussars, Notable members
First World War flying ace, recipient of the Victoria Cross and Distinguished Flying Cross, William Avery (Billy) Bishop, was a lieutenant in the regiment before transferring to the Royal Flying Corps.


1st Hussars, Notable members
On D-Day, 2 Troop 'C' Sqn commanded by Lieutenant W. F. (Bill) McCormick failed to contact the infantry but kept going, returning an hour and a half later after a 10-mile ramble inland through Bretteville and almost into Carpiquet. By crossing the Caen-Bayeux railway line the troop became somewhat fortuitously "the only unit of the allied invasion forces known to reach its final objective on D-Day."


1st Hussars, Guidon and battle honours
The regiment's original guidon was presented in 1967 by Queen Elizabeth II during a ceremony on Parliament Hill. At the centre of the guidon is the regimental badge depicting the White Horse of Hanover, galloping, with forelegs raised, above a Cornet surrounded by the regiments name "FIRST HUSSARS". The badge is surrounded by the National Wreath of maple leaves, with the regiment's motto, "HODIE NON CRAS" below. The first canton of the guidon contains the regiment's abbreviated name "1H".


1st Hussars, Guidon and battle honours
The second and third cantons again contain the White Horse of Hanover, and the fourth canton contains the cypher of Queen Elizabeth II "EIIR". The guidon is also emblazoned with 17 of the 34 battle honours awarded to the regiment. The first guidon was retired in 1993, with a new guidon being presented by Lieutenant Governor Henry Jackman at Wolseley Barracks.


1st Hussars, Guidon and battle honours
The battle honours awarded to the 1st Hussars are as follows, with those bolded emblazoned on the regiment's guidon.


1st Hussars, Appearances in Media and Popular Culture
The 2010 docudrama  follows a tank crew of the 1st Hussars led by Sgt Leo Gariepy (played by Philippe Martin) during the initial landings and immediate aftermath.


1st IIFA Awards
The first-ever International Indian Film Academy Awards is officially known as 1st IIFA Awards. The award ceremony was held in 2000 at the Millennium Dome in London. It took place on 24 June 2000. During the ceremony, IIFA Awards were awarded in 26 competitive categories.


1st IIFA Awards
The ceremony was held at the Millennium Dome and was co-hosted by Yukta Mookhey and Anupam Kher.


1st IIFA Awards, Awards
The winners and nominees have been listed below. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger ().


1st IIFA Utsavam
The 1st IIFA Utsavam ceremony honouring the winners and nominees of the best of South Indian cinema in 2015 was an event held on 24 and 25 January 2016 at the Gachibowli Athletic Stadium, Hyderabad. Marking the inaugural event of the IIFA Utsavam, it recognised the best work from the four industries during the period from late 2014 to late 2015 and awarded prizes to performers and technicians from the Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada languages.


1st Idelbaevo
1st Idelbaevo (Russian: 1-е Идельбаево; Bashkir: 1-се Иҙелбай, 1-se Iźelbay) is a rural locality (a village) in Taymeyevskoye Rural Settlement of Salavatsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 108 as of 2010.


1st Idelbaevo, Geography
1st Idelbaevo is located 45 km northwest of Maloyaz (the district's administrative centre) by road.


1st Igo Masters Cup
The 1st Igo Masters Cup began on 24 February and ended on 23 July 2011. Eleven players participated: Kobayashi Koichi (Honorary Kisei, Meijin, and Gosei), Kudo Norio (Tengen 1997, Oza 1977), Rin Kaiho (Honorary Tengen), Kataoka Satoshi (Tengen 1982, 1983), Hane Yasumasa (Oza 1990), Ishida Yoshio (24th Honinbo), Takemiya Masaki (Meijin, Honinbo, and Judan), Cho Chikun (25th Honinbo, Honorary Meijin), O Rissei (Kisei, Judan, and Oza), Kobayashi Satoru (Kisei, Gosei 1995), Otake Hideo (Honorary Gosei).


1st Igo Masters Cup
Kobayashi Koichi, Ishida Yoshio, Takemiya Masaki, Cho Chikun, and Otake Hideo were given first round byes.


1st Illinois Cavalry Regiment
The 1st Illinois Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War and Spanish–American War.


1st Illinois Cavalry Regiment, Civil War, Service
Companies "A" to "G" of the 1st Illinois Volunteer Cavalry were mustered into service at Alton, Illinois, on July 3, 1861. Among their initial officers was future Washington philanthropist David P. Jenkins, who served as the regiment's first major. Companies "I," "H" and "K" were mustered at Alton at later dates and never served with the main body of the regiment. The original companies served as guards for supply trains and depots until mustered out on July 14, 1862. The remaining companies served independently. The last company was mustered out on December 27, 1862.


1st Illinois Cavalry Regiment, Civil War, Noleman's Cavalry
Company H of the regiment was named "Noleman's Cavalry" after its captain, Robert D. Noleman. This company was organized at Centralia, Illinois, and mustered into service of the United States on June 14, 1861, for a period of one year. The group was first rendezvoused at Cairo, Illinois, but soon were transferred to Bird's Point, Missouri. They fought in the Battle of Belmont on November 7, 1861, and thereafter scouted through southeastern Missouri and western Kentucky during the winter of 1861–62.


1st Illinois Cavalry Regiment, Civil War, Noleman's Cavalry
On March 2, 1862, the group, joined by then-Colonel James D. Morgan, led the pursuit of Confederate Brigadier General M. Jeff Thompson in southeastern Missouri. They were unsuccessful in capturing Thompson but did capture artillery. Col. Morgan praised the group's perseverance and Gen. Thompson later recalled, "The cavalry are a perfect set of daredevils, all officers wearing feathers on their hats." From February to April 1862 the company joined Brigadier General John Pope inthe Union effort to take New Madrid, or Kentucky Bend, on the Mississippi River. Their engagements included the Battle of Island Number Ten and the Confederate surrender after that battle at Tiptonville, Tennessee.


1st Illinois Cavalry Regiment, Civil War, Noleman's Cavalry
After the fall of New Madrid the group proceeded down the Mississippi River, and in June 1862 their company were the first U.S. troops to enter the city of Memphis. In July 1862 they were ordered to St. Louis to be mustered out of service. During their year of service Company H captured 167 prisoners, 209 horses and mules, and numerous guns and ammunition.


1st Illinois Cavalry Regiment, Civil War, Total strength and casualties
The regiment suffered 17 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 26 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 43 fatalities.


1st Illinois Cavalry Regiment, Spanish–American War
Constituted 1 July 1897 in the Illinois National Guard as a squadron of cavalry and organized from existing troops. Expanded and mustered into Federal service 21 May 1898 at Springfield as the 1st Illinois Volunteer Cavalry; mustered out of Federal service 11 October 1898 at Fort Sheridan, Illinois. Reorganized in 1899 in the Illinois National Guard as a squadron of cavalry; expanded, reorganized and re-designated 22 June 1899 as the 1st Cavalry.


1st Illinois Cavalry Regiment, Later reorganizations
Mustered into Federal service 27 June 1916; mustered out of Federal service 17 November 1916 at Fort Sheridan, Illinois. Non -Chicago elements of the regiment converted and re-designated 24 June 1917 as the 3d Field Artillery (Chicago elements converted and re-designated 9 June 1917 as the 2nd Field Artillery). Drafted into Federal service 5 August 1917. Reorganized and re-designated on 21 September 1917 as the 124th Field Artillery and assigned to the 33rd Division. Demobilized 8 June 1919 at Camp Grant, Illinois.


1st Illinois Cavalry Regiment, Later reorganizations
Reorganized 20 October 1922 in the Illinois National Guard as the 2nd Squadron, 106th Cavalry, an element of the 22nd Cavalry Division (remainder of regiment allotted to the Michigan National Guard). Reorganized 1 September 1940 wholly in the Illinois National Guard as the 106th Cavalry and relieved from assignment to the 22d Cavalry Division (2d Squadron) concurrently re-designated as the 1st Squadron of the 23d Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron [constituted 1 January 1940 and organized in part by transfer of personnel from Troop F and Machine Gun Troop, 106th Cavalry, re-designated as the 2d Squadron. Inducted into Federal service 25 November 1940 at home stations. Regiment broken up 15 March 1944 and its elements reorganized and re-designated.


1st Illinois General Assembly
The 1st Illinois General Assembly, consisting of the Illinois Senate and the Illinois House of Representatives, met from October 4, 1818, to March 31, 1819, during the first two years of Shadrach Bond's governorship, at The Kaskaskia State House. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the provisions of the First Illinois Constitution. Political parties were not established in the State at the time.


1st Illinois General Assembly, Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by county. Senators and Representatives were both allotted to counties roughly by population and elected at-large within their districts. Two counties shared one senator.


1st Imaginary Symphony for Nomad
1st Imaginary Symphony For Nomad was an album released by The Music Tapes, a project consisting mainly of Neutral Milk Hotel's Julian Koster in 1999 by Merge Records. It was recorded mainly on vintage equipment, using equipment such as a 1895 Edison wax cylinder recorder, a 1940s wire recorder, a "state of the art hard drive", and reel to reel tape recorders, hence its lo-fi sound. A partial concept record, among its themes the power of television, and the death of 1950s actor George Reeves, who played the hero Superman and whom Koster was entranced with as a child. The album took over 4 years to assemble, being recorded mainly at the home of the Grandmother of Music Tapes and Koster's own home. The album mixed straightforward pop songs with collage, musique concrète and traditional storytelling.


1st Independent Battery Indiana Light Artillery
The 1st Indiana Light Artillery Battery was an artillery battery from Indiana that served in the Union Army between August 5, 1861, and August 22, 1865, during the American Civil War.


1st Independent Battery Indiana Light Artillery, Service
The battery was organized at Evansville, Indiana August 5, 1861, and mustered in at Indianapolis, Indiana for a three-year enlistment on August 16, 1861, under the command of Captain Martin Klauss.


1st Independent Battery Indiana Light Artillery, Service
The battery was attached to Fremont's Army of the West and Department of the Missouri to January 1862. Artillery, 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, Army of Southwest Missouri, Department of the Missouri, to May 1862. Artillery, 1st Division, Army of Southwest Missouri, to July 1862. District of Eastern Arkansas, Department of the Missouri, to October 1862. Artillery, 1st Division, District of Southeast Missouri, Department of the Missouri, to March 1863. Artillery, 14th Division, XIII Corps, Army of the Tennessee, to July 1863.


1st Independent Battery Indiana Light Artillery, Service
Artillery, 1st Division, XIII Corps, Department of the Tennessee, to August 1863, and Department of the Gulf to September 1863. District of LaFourche, Department of the Gulf, to February 1864. Artillery, 1st Division, XIII Corps, Department of the Gulf, to March 1864. Artillery, 4th Division, XIII Corps, to July 1864. Artillery Reserve, Department of the Gulf, to February 1865. Artillery Brigade, XVI Corps, Military Division West Mississippi, to August 1865.


1st Independent Battery Indiana Light Artillery, Service
The 1st Indiana Battery Light Artillery mustered out of service on August 22, 1865.


1st Independent Battery Indiana Light Artillery, Detailed service
Moved to St. Louis, Missouri. Fremont's Advance on Springfield, Missouri, September 27-October 3, 1861. Camp at LaMine until January 1862. Advance on Springfield, Missouri, in pursuit of Price January 25-February 14. Pursuit of Price into Arkansas February 15–29. Battles of Pea Ridge, March 6–8. March to Sugar Creek March 10, then to Cross Timbers March 15. March to Batesville April 5-May 3. March to Helena, Arkansas, May 25-July 14, and duty there until October. Moved to Ironton, Pilot Knob, Missouri, and operations in southeast Missouri until March 1863.


1st Independent Battery Indiana Light Artillery, Detailed service
Ordered to St. Genevieve, Missouri, March 5; then to Milliken's Bend, Louisiana, March 14–25, and duty there until April 25. Movement on Bruinsburg and turning Grand Gulf April 25–30. Battle of Port Gibson, May 1. Battle of Champion Hill May 16. Big Black River May 17. Siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi, May 18-July 4. Assaults on Vicksburg May 19 and 22. Advance on Jackson, Mississippi, May 4–10. Siege of Jackson July 10–17. Duty at Vicksburg until August 20. Ordered to New Orleans, Louisiana. Duty there and at Brashear City until October. Western Louisiana Campaign October 3-November 30.


1st Independent Battery Indiana Light Artillery, Detailed service
Duty in the District of LaFourche, Louisiana, until March 1864. Red River Campaign March 10-May 22. Battle of Sabine Crossroads April 8. Cane River Crossing April 23. At Alexandria April 27-May 13. Retreat to Morganza May 13–20. Moved to New Orleans and duty there until March 1865. Campaign against Mobile, Alabama, and its defenses March 17-April 12. Siege of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely March 26-April 8. Fort Blakely April 9. Capture of Mobile April 12. March to Montgomery April 13–25, and duty there until August.


1st Independent Battery Indiana Light Artillery, Casualties
The battery lost a total of 35 men during service; 3 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 1 officer and 31 enlisted men died of disease.


1st Independent Battery Kansas Light Artillery
1st Independent Battery Kansas Light Artillery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


1st Independent Battery Kansas Light Artillery, Service
The battery was organized at Mound City, Kansas and mustered in for a three years on July 24, 1861, under the command of Captain Thomas Moonlight.


1st Independent Battery Kansas Light Artillery, Service
This unit was formed from artillery companies that were raised for the 3rd Kansas Infantry and 4th Kansas Infantry. Because both regiments did not complete organization, recruits to the artillery were reassigned and consolidated by authority of Special Orders No. 42, District of Kansas, dated April 24, 1862. The 1st Kansas Battery's organization was effected about June l, 1862.


1st Independent Battery Kansas Light Artillery, Service
A previous attempt had been made to transfer Captain Bickerton's Artillery Company of the 3rd Kansas Infantry to the 1st Kansas Infantry as an artillery organization, and to break up Captain Thomas Moonlight's Artillery Company of the 4th Kansas Infantry and distribute it among the companies of the same regiment as infantry. However, the recruits were unhappy with this idea and on advice from Brig. Gen. Samuel D. Sturgis the order was modified and the consolidation was made in accordance with Special Orders No. 42.


1st Independent Battery Kansas Light Artillery, Service
The battery was attached to Department of Kansas to August 1862. 2nd Brigade, Department of Kansas, to October 1862. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, Army of the Frontier, Department of the Missouri, to February 1863. District of Rolla, Department of the Missouri, to June 1863. District of Columbus, Kentucky, 6th Division, XVI Corps, Department of the Tennessee, to November 1863. Defenses of the Nashville & Northwestern Railroad, District of Nashville, Department of the Cumberland, and 2nd Brigade, 4th Division, XX Corps, Department of the Cumberland, to November 1864. 2nd Colored Brigade, District of the Etowah, Department of the Cumberland, to January 1865. Reserve Artillery, District of Nashville, Department of the Cumberland, to July 1865.


1st Independent Battery Kansas Light Artillery, Service
The 1st Kansas Battery mustered out of service on July 17, 1865.


1st Independent Battery Kansas Light Artillery, Detailed service
Attached to Lane's Kansas Brigade and operations about Fort Scott and on line of the Marmiton August and September 1861. Actions at Ball's Mills August 28. Morse's Mill August 29. Dogwood Creek near Fort Scott September 2. Morristown September 17. Osceola September 21–22. Duty at Fort Scott until May 1862. Expedition into Indian Territory May 25-August 15. Action at Grand River June 6. Locust Grove July 3. Bayou Bernard July 27. Blunt's Campaign in Missouri and Arkansas September 17-December 3. Expedition to Sarcoxie September 28–30. Action at Newtonia September 29–30.


1st Independent Battery Kansas Light Artillery, Detailed service
Occupation of Newtonia October 4. Old Fort Wayne or Beattie's Prairie near Maysville October 22. Cane Hill November 28. Battle of Prairie Grove, Arkansas, December 7. Expedition over Boston Mountains to Van Buren December 27–31. Moved to Springfield, Missouri, January 1863, and duty there until February 17. Moved to Forsyth, Missouri, then to Fort Scott, Kansas. Duty in Missouri and Kansas, District of Rolla, until July 1863. Ordered to St. Louis, Missouri, July 5, then to Cairo, Illinois, July 18. Duty in District of Columbus, Kentucky, until November. Ordered to Nashville, Tennessee, and assigned to duty on line of the Nashville & Northwestern Railroad until November 1864. Moved to Nashville, Tennessee. Battle of Nashville December 15–16. Post duty at Nashville until January 1865, and at Chattanooga, Tennessee, until July.


1st Independent Battery Wisconsin Light Artillery
The 1st Independent Battery Wisconsin Light Artillery  was an artillery battery from Wisconsin that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


1st Independent Battery Wisconsin Light Artillery, Armament
In June 1862 at the Battle of the Cumberland Gap, Foster's 1st Wisconsin Battery was equipped with eight 10-pounder Parrott rifles. On 13 August 1863, the battery was re-armed with 30-pounder Parrott rifles.


1st Independent Battery Wisconsin Light Artillery, Organization
Organized at LaCrosse, Wis., and mustered in October 10, 1861. Moved to Camp Utley, Racine, Wis., and duty there until January 23, 1862. Ordered to Louisville, Ky., January 23, and duty there until April 3. Attached to Artillery, 7th Division, Army of the Ohio, to October, 1862. Cumberland Division, District of West Virginia, Dept. of the Ohio, to November, 1862. Artillery, 9th Division, Right Wing 13th Army Corps (Old), Dept. of the Tennessee, to December, 1862. Artillery, 3rd Division, Sherman's Yazoo Expedition, to January, 1863. Artillery, 9th Division, 13th Army Corps, Army of the Tennessee, to July, 1863.


1st Independent Battery Wisconsin Light Artillery, Organization
4th Brigade, 1st Division, 13th Army Corps, Army of the Tennessee, to August, 1863, and Dept. of the Gulf to August, 1863. Defenses of New Orleans, La., Dept. of the Gulf, to January, 1864. Artillery, 1st Division, 13th Army Corps, to June, 1864. District of Morganza, Dept. of the Gulf, to August, 1864. Artillery, Cavalry Division, Dept. of the Gulf, to February, 1865. Cavalry Brigade, District of Baton Rouge, La., to July, 1865.


1st Independent Battery Wisconsin Light Artillery, Detailed service
Cumberland Gap Campaign April 3-June 18, 1862. Occupation of Cumberland Gap June 18 to September 17. Evacuation of Cumberland Gap and retreat to Greenupsburg, Ky., and to the Ohio River September 17-October 3. Expedition to Charleston, W. Va., October 21-November 10. Ordered to Cincinnati, Ohio, November 20; thence to Memphis, Tenn., November 26. Sherman's Yazoo Expedition December 20, 1862, to January 3, 1863. Chickasaw Bayou December 26-28. Chickasaw Bluff December 29. Expedition to Arkansas Post, Ark., January 3-10, 1863. Assault and capture of Fort Hindman, Arkansas Post, January 10-11.


1st Independent Battery Wisconsin Light Artillery, Detailed service
Moved to Young's Point, La., January 14-23, and duty there until March 8. Moved to Milliken's Bend, La., March 8. Operations from Milliken's Bend to New Carthage March 31-April 17. Movement on Bruinsburg and turning Grand Gulf April 25-30. Battle of Port Gibson May 1. Battle of Champion's Hill May 16. Big Black River May 17. Siege of Vicksburg, Miss., May 18-July 4. Assaults on Vicksburg May 19 and 22. Advance on Jackson, Miss., July 4-10. Near Clinton July 8. Siege of Jackson July 10-17. Battery refitted with 30-lb. Parrott's and ordered to the Dept. of the Gulf August 13.


1st Independent Battery Wisconsin Light Artillery, Detailed service
Duty at Carrollton until September 3. Moved to Brashear City September 3-4, and to Berwick City September 24. Western Louisiana Campaign October 3-November 30. Duty at Brashear City until December. Moved to New Orleans and duty there until April 22, 1864. Red River Campaign April-May. Moved to Alexandria April 22-28, and duty there until May 13. Retreat to Morganza May 13-20. At Morganza and New Orleans until August, then moved to Baton Rouge, La. Bayou Letsworth August 11. Expedition to Clinton August 23-29. Olive Branch, Comite River and Clinton August 25. Expedition to Clinton, Greensburg and Camp Moore October 5-9. Expedition to Brookhaven, Miss., November 14-21. Liberty Creek November 15. Jackson November 21. Davidson's Expedition to Mobile & Ohio Railroad November 26-December 13. Duty at New Orleans and Baton Rouge until July, 1865. Mustered out July 18, 1865.


1st Independent Battery Wisconsin Light Artillery, Total strength and casualties
The 1st Independent Battery initially recruited 155 officers and men. An additional 114 men were recruited as replacements, for a total of 269 men.


1st Independent Battery Wisconsin Light Artillery, Total strength and casualties
The battery suffered five enlisted men killed or died from wounds in action, and one officer and 22 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 28 fatalities.


1st Independent Battery Wisconsin Light Artillery, Further reading
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1st Independent Company (Australia)
The 1st Independent Company was one of twelve independent or commando companies raised by the Australian Army for service in World War II. Raised in 1941, the 1st Independent Company served in New Ireland, New Britain and New Guinea in the early stages of the war in the Pacific, taking part in a major commando raid on Salamaua in June 1942. Having lost a large number of men captured by the enemy as well as a number of battle casualties, the company was withdrawn from New Britain later in 1942. The company was subsequently disbanded, with its surviving members being transferred to other commando units, and it was never re-raised.


1st Independent Company (Australia), History
The 1st Independent Company was formed in May/June 1941 and was trained at the No. 7 Infantry Training Centre at Tidal River on Wilsons Promontory in Victoria. Originally the company was raised to serve in the Middle East although, at that time there was uncertainty about the role that the company would fill there. Indeed, within the Australian Army there was a section that saw no need for the independent companies, believing that they would prove to be more of a drain on resources than anything else.


1st Independent Company (Australia), History
However, later in 1941, as the threat of war with Imperial Japan loomed, the main body of the company was sent to Kavieng, New Ireland, to protect Kavieng airfield whilst other sections were sent to Namatanai on New Ireland, Vila in the New Hebrides, Tulagi on Guadalcanal, Buka on Bougainville, and Lorengau on Manus Island to act as observers and provided medical treatment to the inhabitants.


1st Independent Company (Australia), History
Commanded by Major James Edmonds-Wilson, in the event of an invasion of New Britain by the Japanese the 1st Independent Company was under orders to resist long enough to destroy key airfields and other military installations such as fuel dumps, before withdrawing south to wage a guerrilla war. They did not have to wait very long, as on 21 January 1942, a preparatory bombing raid by about sixty Japanese aircraft attacked Kavieng. A number of aircraft were shot down, however, the company's only means of escape, the schooner Induna Star, was damaged. Nevertheless, despite the damage the crew managed to sail the vessel to Kaut where they started to repair the damage. As they did so, the commandos withdrew across the island to Sook, having received word that a large Japanese naval force was approaching the island.


1st Independent Company (Australia), History
In the early morning of 22 January 1942, the Japanese landed at Kavieng with between 3,000 and 4,000 troops. As the lead Japanese troops reached Kavieng airfield, fighting broke out as the small force that had remained at the airfield blew up the supply dump and other facilities. Fighting their way out, the commandos withdrew towards the main force at Sook, although a number of men were captured in the process.


1st Independent Company (Australia), History
Once the company had regrouped at Sook, on 28 January they withdrew further south to Kaut, where they helped with the repair of the Induna Star, before setting out along the east coast of the island. They reached Kalili Harbour on 31 January but after learning that the fighting on New Britain was over and that the Japanese had occupied Rabaul, it was decided to sail for Port Moresby.


1st Independent Company (Australia), History
On 2 February the schooner was sighted by a Japanese plane which subsequently attacked, causing considerable damage to the vessel as well as destroying one of its lifeboats and causing a number of casualties. The Induna Star began taking on water and as a result the men were forced to surrender. Under escort by a Japanese aircraft and then later a destroyer, they were instructed to sail to Rabaul where they became prisoners of war.


1st Independent Company (Australia), History
After a few months at Rabaul, the officers were separated from their NCOs and men. The officers were transported to Japan where they remained in captivity for the rest of the war, whilst the NCOs and men, along with other members of Lark Force that had been captured and a number of civilians, where put on to the Japanese passenger ship Montevideo Maru for transportation. Traveling unescorted, the Montevideo Maru sailed from Rabaul on 22 June. On 1 July the ship was sighted by an American submarine, the USS Sturgeon, off the coast of the Luzon, Philippines.


1st Independent Company (Australia), History
The USS Sturgeon torpedoed and sunk the Montevideo Maru, without realising it was a prisoner of war vessel. Only a handful of the Japanese crew were rescued, with none of the between 1,050 and 1,053 prisoners aboard surviving as they were still locked below deck. All 133 men from the 1st Independent Company who were aboard the Montevideo Maru were either killed or drowned.


1st Independent Company (Australia), History
Meanwhile, the sections of the company that had not been with the main group at Kavieng managed to avoid capture by the Japanese. Working with the coastwatchers, they reported Japanese movements and carried out demolitions until they were later evacuated or escaped from the islands between April and May 1942. A reinforcement platoon had been trained in Australia while the company was deployed and after completing its training sailed on the Macdui, arriving at Port Moresby on 10 March 1942. Following their arrival, the platoon was designated the Independent Platoon Port Moresby and initially used for local defence purposes.


1st Independent Company (Australia), History
It was later re-designated as Detachment 1 Independent Company. In April 1942, under the command of Captain Roy Howard, it was moved to Kudjeru, in New Guinea, to guard against possible Japanese movement south of Wau along the Bulldog Track. In the process they became the first Australian Army unit to cross the Owen Stanley Range. In June, a section fought alongside the 2/5th Independent Company as part of Kanga Force where they participated in a major raid on the Japanese at Salamaua.


1st Independent Company (Australia), History
Eventually, however, as a result of the losses suffered during the 1942 campaigns it was decided that the company would be disbanded and as the survivors were transferred to other commando units – with the majority of those in Port Moresby being transferred to the 2/5th – the 1st Independent Company was never raised again.


1st Independent Company (Australia), History
Throughout the course of the unit's existence, it suffered 142 men killed in action or died while prisoners of war. One member of the company was awarded the Military Cross.


1st Independent Company (Australia), Structure
With an authorised strength of 17 officers and 256 other ranks, the 1st Independent Company was composed of a company headquarters consisting of 13 personnel, three 60-man platoons named A, B and C, each of three 19-man sections numbered in series from 1 to 9, plus an engineer section of 21 men, a 34-man signals section, a medical section of six men and a transport section with four men. The company was commanded by a major, with a captain as a second-in-command. Each platoon was also commanded by a captain, while all sections except the medical and transport sections were commanded by lieutenants. The medical section was commanded by a captain.


1st Independent Company Loyal Virginians
The 1st Independent Company Loyal Virginians was an infantry company that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


1st Independent Company Loyal Virginians, Service
The 1st Independent Company was organized at Cobb's Island in Virginia on June 30, 1864.


1st Independent Company Loyal Virginians, Commanders
Robert Hamilton was elected Captain by the company along with Adam Garrison as First Lieutenant and Thomas McQuown as Second Lieutenant.


1st Independent Division of Anhui Provincial Military District (2nd Formation)(People's Republic of China)
Independent Division of Zhejiang Provincial Military District (Chinese: 浙江省军区独立师)(1st Formation) was formed in December 1964 from the assets of 82nd Garrison Regiment of the inactivating 16th Garrison Division and 92nd Garrison Regiment.


1st Independent Division of Anhui Provincial Military District (2nd Formation)(People's Republic of China)
The division was composed of 3 infantry regiments(1st to 3rd) and a machine-gun artillery battalion.


1st Independent Division of Anhui Provincial Military District (2nd Formation)(People's Republic of China)
In July 1966 the division was renamed as 1st Independent Division of Zhejiang Provincial Military District (Chinese: 浙江省军区独立第1师) with 2nd Independent Division of Zhejiang Provincial Military District's formation.


1st Independent Division of Anhui Provincial Military District (2nd Formation)(People's Republic of China)
From August 1967 to November 14th 1969 the division was put under command of 20th Army Corps. After that the division was returned to Zhejiang Provincial Military District's control.


1st Independent Division of Anhui Provincial Military District (2nd Formation)(People's Republic of China)
On March 25th 1975, the division exchanged its designation and position with 1st Independent Division of Anhui Provincial Military District and became the second formation of 1st Independent Division of Anhui Provincial Military District(Chinese: 安徽省军区独立第1师).


1st Independent Division of Anhui Provincial Military District (2nd Formation)(People's Republic of China)
On May 26th 1976 the division was renamed as Independent Division of Anhui Provincial Military District(Chinese: 安徽省军区独立师) following 2nd Independent Division of Anhui Provincial Military District's disbandment. The artillery Regiment of the disbanding 73rd Army Division was attached to the division.


1st Independent Division of Guangxi Military District (People's Republic of China)
Independent Division of Hunan Provincial Military District (Chinese: 湖南省军区独立师)(1st Formation) was formed in July 1966 from the Public Security Contingent of the Hunan province. The division was composed of three regiments (1st to 3rd) and two independent battalions.


1st Independent Division of Guangxi Military District (People's Republic of China)
In March 1969 the division (except for its independent battalions) moved to Guangxi and was renamed as Independent Division of Nanning (Chinese: 南宁独立师).


1st Independent Division of Guangxi Military District (People's Republic of China)
In October 1970 the division was renamed as 1st Independent Division of Guangxi Military District (Chinese: 广西军区独立第1师).


1st Independent Division of Jiangsu Provincial Military District (1st Formation)(People's Republic of China)
Independent Division of Jiangsu Provincial Military District (Chinese: 江苏省军区独立师)(1st Formation) was formed on December 26th, 1964 from the 539th Infantry Regiment of the disbanding 180th Army Division. The division was then composed of 3 infantry regiments (1st to 3rd) and a machine-gun artillery battalion.


1st Independent Division of Jiangsu Provincial Military District (1st Formation)(People's Republic of China)
From 1965 the division HQ stationed at Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province.


1st Independent Division of Jiangsu Provincial Military District (1st Formation)(People's Republic of China)
In September 1966, the division was renamed as 1st Independent Division of Jiangsu Provincial Military District (Chinese: 江苏省军区独立第1师) following 2nd Independent Division of Jiangsu Provincial Military District's formation.


1st Independent Division of Jiangsu Provincial Military District (1st Formation)(People's Republic of China)
In March 1968, 70th and 75th Garrison Regiment was attached to the division, and the division was attached to 60th Army Corps.


1st Independent Division of Jiangsu Provincial Military District (1st Formation)(People's Republic of China)
In October 1969, 105th Infantry Regiment of 181st Army Division was attached to the division, and the divisional HQ moved to Binhai for coastal defense mission of Lianyungang. Machine-gun Artillery Battalion was expanded to Artillery Regiment.


1st Independent Division of Jiangsu Provincial Military District (1st Formation)(People's Republic of China)
In April 1970 the division was transferred to Jiangsu Provincial Military District's control, while 70th and 75th Garrison Regiments detached.


1st Independent Division of Jiangsu Provincial Military District (1st Formation)(People's Republic of China)
On March 25th 1975 the division was inactivated and became Wenzhou Military Sub-district.


1st Independent Division of Shandong Provincial Military District
1st Independent Division of Shandong Provincial Military District (Chinese: 山东省军区独立第1师) was formed on August 8, 1966. The division was composed of three infantry regiments (1st to 3rd) and an artillery regiment.


1st Independent Division of Shandong Provincial Military District
In October 1976 the division was renamed as Independent Division of Shandong Provincial Military District (Chinese: 山东省军区独立师) following 2nd Independent Division of Shandong Provincial Military District's disbandment.


1st Independent Division of Sichuan Provincial Military District (People's Republic of China)
Independent Division of Chengdu Military Region (Chinese: 成都军区独立师) was formed in August 1964 from Public Security Contingent of Sichuan province. The division was composed of four regiments (1st to 4th). (From May 1st 1955 to October 1969 Chengdu Military Region also acted as Sichuan Military Region.)


1st Independent Division of Sichuan Provincial Military District (People's Republic of China)
On January 22nd 1968, the divisional commander, Du Ling(Chinese: 杜灵), was shot to death when he was travelling in his car in Chengdu, when he was trying to pass the barricade guarded by armed "rebels" (Chinese: 造反派), and his deputy commander Li Wen(Chinese: 李文) badly injured. (See Cultural Revolution for reference.)


1st Independent Division of Sichuan Provincial Military District (People's Republic of China)
In September 1969 the division was renamed as 1st Independent Division of Chengdu Military Region (Chinese: 成都军区独立第1师).


1st Independent Division of Sichuan Provincial Military District (People's Republic of China)
In February 1970 the division was renamed as 1st Independent Division of Sichuan Provincial Military District (Chinese: 四川省军区独立第1师).


1st Independent Division of Zhejiang Provincial Military District (2nd Formation)
Independent Division of Anhui Provincial Military District (Chinese: 安徽省军区独立师)(1st Formation) was formed in December 1964 from the 540th Infantry Regiment and 560th Artillery Regiment of the disbanding 180th Army Division. The division was then composed of 3 infantry regiments (1st to 3rd).


1st Independent Division of Zhejiang Provincial Military District (2nd Formation)
In June 1966 the division was renamed as 1st Independent Division of Anhui Provincial Military District (Chinese: 安徽省军区独立第1师) after 2nd Independent Division of Anhui Provincial Military District's formation.


1st Independent Division of Zhejiang Provincial Military District (2nd Formation)
From September 1967 to November 14th 1969 it was put under command of 12th Army Corps, after which the division returned to Anhui Provincial Military District's control.


1st Independent Division of Zhejiang Provincial Military District (2nd Formation)
On March 25th 1975, the division exchanged its designation and position with 1st Independent Division of Zhejiang Provincial Military District and became the second formation of 1st Independent Division of Zhejiang Provincial Military District(Chinese: 浙江省军区独立第1师).


1st Independent Division of Zhejiang Provincial Military District (2nd Formation)
In May 1976 the division was renamed as Independent Division of Zhejiang Provincial Military District(Chinese: 浙江省军区独立师) following 2nd Independent Division of Zhejiang Provincial Military District (People's Republic of China)'s disbandment. Artillery Regiment of the  disbanding 74th Army Division was attached to the division.


1st Independent Mixed Brigade (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 1st Independent Mixed Brigade or 1st Mixed Brigade (獨立混成第1旅團) was an experimental combined arms formation of the Imperial Japanese Army. In July 1937, at the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War, the brigade was known as the Sakai Brigade, for its commander, Lt. General Koji Sakai. The brigade participated in Battle of Taiyuan in late 1937. After being promoted lieutenant general Masaomi Yasuoka took command from 1938 to 1939.


1st Independent Mixed Brigade (Imperial Japanese Army)
The tank component, all but the 4th Tank Battalion, was pulled from the brigade in 1938. Major General Suzuki Teiji assumed command in 1941. By 1944 defense of the Japanese homeland prompted the creation of the inner line of defense extending northward from the Carolines, the Marianas, and the Ogasawara Islands. The brigade was assigned to the 31st Army under General Hideyoshi Obata. There the 1st Mixed Brigade and the 2nd Mixed Brigade became part of the 109th Division, commanded by General Tadamichi Kuribayashi. The 1st Mixed Brigade was stationed on Chichi-jima with the division headquarters and the 2nd Brigade was moved to Iwo jima overseen by Kuribayashi.


1st Independent Parachute Brigade (Poland)
The 1st (Polish) Independent Parachute Brigade was a parachute infantry brigade of the Polish Armed Forces in the West under the command of Major General Stanisław Sosabowski, created in September 1941 during the Second World War and based in Scotland.


1st Independent Parachute Brigade (Poland)
Originally, the brigade's exclusive mission was to drop into occupied Poland in order to help liberate the country. The British government, however, pressured the Poles into allowing the unit to be used in the Western theatre of war. Operation Market Garden eventually saw the unit sent into action in support of the British 1st Airborne Division at the Battle of Arnhem in September 1944.


1st Independent Parachute Brigade (Poland)
The Poles were initially landed by glider from 18 September, whilst, due to bad weather over England, the parachute section of the Brigade was held up, and jumped on 21 September at Driel on the South bank of the Rhine. The Poles suffered significant casualties during the next few days of fighting, but still were able, by their presence, to cause around 2,500 German troops to be diverted to deal with them for fear of their supporting the remnants of the 1st Airborne trapped over the lower Rhine in Oosterbeek.


1st Independent Parachute Brigade (Poland), History
The Brigade was originally trained close to RAF Ringway and later in Upper Largo in Scotland. It was finally based in Lincolnshire, close to RAF Spitalgate (Grantham) where it continued training until its eventual departure for Europe after D-Day.


1st Independent Parachute Brigade (Poland), History
The Brigade was formed by the Polish High Command in exile with the aim of its being used to support the Polish resistance during the nationwide uprising, a plan that encountered opposition from the British, who argued that a single brigade would be of no use against the entire German army stationed in Occupied Poland. The pressure of the British government eventually caused the Poles to give in and agree to let the Brigade be used on the Western Front.


1st Independent Parachute Brigade (Poland), History
On 6 June 1944 the unit, originally the only Polish unit directly subordinate to the Polish government in exile and thus independent of the British command, was transferred into the same command structure as all other Polish Forces in the West. It was slotted to take part in several operations after the invasion of Normandy, but all of them were cancelled. On 27 July, aware of the imminent Warsaw Uprising, the Polish government in exile asked the British government for air support, including dropping the Brigade in the vicinity of Warsaw. This request was refused on the grounds of the aircraft used by the Brigade did not have enough fuel to reach Warsaw, along with the request to use Soviet airfields being denied. Eventually, the Brigade entered combat when it was dropped during Operation Market Garden in September 1944.


1st Independent Parachute Brigade (Poland), History
During the operation, the Brigade's anti-tank battery went into Arnhem on the third day of the battle (19 September), supporting the British paratroopers at Oosterbeek. This left Sosabowski without any anti-tank capability. The light artillery battery was left behind in England due to a shortage of gliders. Owing to bad weather and a shortage of transport planes, the drop into Driel was delayed by two days, to 21 September. The British units which were supposed to cover the landing zone were in a bad situation and out of radio contact with the main Allied forces.


1st Independent Parachute Brigade (Poland), History
Finally, the 2nd Battalion, and elements of the 3rd Battalion, with support troops from the Brigade's Medical Company, Engineer Company and HQ Company, were dropped under German fire east of Driel. They overran Driel, after it was realised that the Heveadorp ferry had been destroyed. In Driel, the Polish paratroopers set up a defensive "hedgehog" position, from which over the next two nights further attempts were made to cross the Rhine.


1st Independent Parachute Brigade (Poland), History
The following day, the Poles were able to produce some makeshift boats and attempt a crossing. With great difficulty and under German fire from the heights of Westerbouwing on the north bank of the river, the 8th Parachute Company and, later, additional troops from 3rd Battalion, managed to cross the Rhine in two attempts. In total, about 200 Polish paratroopers made it across in two days, and were able to cover the subsequent withdrawal of the remnants of the British 1st Airborne Division.


1st Independent Parachute Brigade (Poland), History
On 26 September 1944, the Brigade (now including the 1st Battalion and elements of the 3rd Battalion, who were parachuted near to Grave on 23 September) was ordered to march towards Nijmegen. The Brigade had lost 25% of its fighting strength, amounting to 590 casualties.


1st Independent Parachute Brigade (Poland), History
In 1945, the Brigade was attached to the Polish 1st Armoured Division and undertook occupation duties in Northern Germany until it was disbanded on 30 June 1947. The majority of its soldiers chose to stay in exile rather than hazard returning to the new Communist Poland.


1st Independent Parachute Brigade (Poland), Post-war honours
Shortly after the war, Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands wanted to award the Parachute Brigade and wrote the government a request. However, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Eelco van Kleffens, opposed the idea. He thought an award for the Poles would upset the relations with the 'Big Three' and harm national interests.


1st Independent Parachute Brigade (Poland), Post-war honours
More than 61 years after World War II, the Brigade was awarded the Military Order of William (31 May 2006) for its distinguished and outstanding acts of bravery, skill and devotion to duty during Operation Market Garden. The Military Order of William is the highest Dutch military award. Only eleven units have been awarded this honor, of which only two are non-Dutch. The award is now worn by the 6th Airborne Brigade which inherited the battle honours of the brigade.


1st Independent Parachute Brigade (Poland), Portrayals
The brigade's participation in Market Garden was prominently featured in the book and film of a A Bridge Too Far. General Sosabowski was portrayed by Gene Hackman.


1st Independent Spirit Awards
The 1st Independent Spirit Awards, honoring the best in independent filmmaking for 1985, were announced on March 22, 1986. The ceremony was hosted by Peter Coyote and Jeanne Lucas. It was held at 385 North, a restaurant in Los Angeles.


1st Indian Cavalry Division
The 1st Indian Cavalry Division was a division of the British Indian Army which was formed at the outbreak of World War I. It served on the Western Front, and was renamed the 4th Cavalry Division on 26 November 1916. In March 1918, the 4th Cavalry Division was broken up. The British units remained in France, and the Indian elements were sent to Egypt to help form the 1st Mounted Division.


1st Indian Cavalry Division, History
The division sailed for France from Bombay on 16 October 1914 under the command of Major General H. D. Fanshawe. The division was re-designated the 4th Cavalry Division in November 1916. During the war, they served in the trenches as infantry.


1st Indian Cavalry Division, History
The large number of early officer casualties affected the division's later performance. British officers who understood the language, customs, and psychology of their men could not be quickly replaced, and the alien environment of the Western Front affected the soldiers. The division served in France and Flanders, held in reserve for the expected breakthrough. It provided dismounted parties for trench duty, but its only battle was the Battle of Cambrai during the German counterattacks of 30 November – 3 December. In March 1918, the division was broken up and the Indian regiments were combined in Egypt with the Yeomanry Mounted Division to form the 1st Mounted Division (later the 4th Cavalry Division).


1st Indian Infantry Brigade
The 1st Indian Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade formation of the Indian Army during World War II. It was formed in September 1939, in Abbottabad in India. It was assigned to HQ Rawalpindi District until May 1942, when it joined the 23rd Indian Infantry Division until the end of the war.


1st Indiana Cavalry Regiment
1st Indiana Cavalry Regiment, also known as the 28th Regiment of Volunteers was a cavalry unit that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Organized in August 1861, it did most of its fighting in the state of Arkansas. The regiment was in action at Cotton Plant, Helena, Bayou Fourche, Pine Bluff, Mount Elba, and Marks' Mills. One company was detached and fought in several actions in the Vicksburg campaign. The regiment was discharged in June 1865.


1st Indiana Cavalry Regiment, Organizations
Organized at Evansville, Ind., and mustered in August 20, 1861. Left State for St. Louis, Mo., August 21; thence moved to Ironton, Mo. Duty at and near Ironton until February, 1862. Skirmish at Black River, Ironton, September 12, 1861. Operations about Ironton and Fredericktown October 12–21. Skirmish at Fredericktown October 18. Action at Fredericktown October 21. Attached to Dept. of Missouri to February, 1862. District of Southeast Missouri to May, 1862. 1st Division, Army of Southwest Missouri, to July, 1862. District of Eastern Arkansas, Dept. of Missouri, to December, 1862.


1st Indiana Cavalry Regiment, Organizations
1st Brigade, 3rd (Cavalry) Division, District of Eastern Arkansas, Dept. of the Tennessee, to April, 1863. 1st Brigade, 2nd Cavalry Division, 13th Army Corps, Dept. of the Tennessee, to April, 1863. 1st Brigade, Cavalry Division, District of Eastern Arkansas, to June, 1863. Clayton's Independent Cavalry Brigade, District of Eastern Arkansas, to July, 1863. Clayton's Cavalry Brigade, 13th Division, 16th Army Corps, to August, 1863. Clayton's Cavalry Brigade, Arkansas Expedition, to January, 1864. Clayton's Cavalry Brigade, 7th Army Corps, Dept. of Arkansas, to September, 1864. 1st Brigade, Cavalry Division, 7th Army Corps, to February, 1865.


1st Indiana Cavalry Regiment, Organizations
Mouth of White River, Ark., and St. Charles, Ark. 7th Army Corps to June, 1865. Company "C" detached and with 12th Division, 13th Army Corps, Army of the Tennessee, to August, 1863. Cavalry Brigade, 13th Army Corps, Dept. of the Gulf, to September, 1863. 2nd Brigade, Cavalry Division, Dept. of the Gulf, to November, 1863. 3rd Brigade, Cavalry Division, Dept. of the Gulf, to December, 1863. Defenses of New Orleans, La., Dept. of the Gulf, to July. 1864. Rejoined Regiment at Pine Bluff, Ark. (For Companies "I" and "K" see Stewart's and Bracken's Cavalry Companies.)


1st Indiana Cavalry Regiment, History
Scouting and skirmishing in Missouri and Arkansas February to June, 1862. Reconnaissance from Greenville to St. Francisville February 23–25 (Detachment). Mingo Creek, near St. Francisville, February 24 (Detachment). Moved to Doniphan March 27 – April 1, and to Pocahontas April 17. Litchfield, Ark., May 2. Eleven Points June 1. Operations in Fulton County, Mo., June 1–5. March to Helena, Ark., June 26 – July 14. Hill's Plantation, Cache River, July 7. Duty at Helena until July, 1863. Expedition from Helena to Clarendon August 4–17, 1862. Expedition from Clarendon to Lawrenceville and St. Charles September 11–13.


1st Indiana Cavalry Regiment, History
Expedition from Helena to Moro November 5–8 (Detachment). Expedition from Helena to Arkansas Post November 16–21. Expedition from Helena to Grenada, Miss., November 27 – December 5. Junction Coldwater and Tallahatchie Rivers November 29. Tallahatchie River November 30 (Detachment). Near Mitchell's Cross Roads December 1. Oakland December 3. Near Coldwater River February 19, 1863. Near Yazoo Pass February 19 (Detachment). Coldwater March 14. Languelle Creek May 11. Taylor's Creek and Crowley's Ridge May 11. Expedition from Helena to Napoleonville May 23–26 (Detachment). Near Island No. 65, Mississippi River, May 25 (Detachment).


1st Indiana Cavalry Regiment, History
Repulse of Holmes' Attack on Helena July 4. Steele's Expedition to Little Rock August 1 – September 14. Action at Bayou Fourche and capture of Little Rock September 10. Pursuit of Price September 11–14. Near Little Rock September 11. Moved to Pine Bluff September 14, and duty there until March, 1864. Tulip October 12, 1863. Pine Bluff October 25. Branchville, Ivey's Ford, Pine Bluff, January 19, 1864. Steele's Expedition to Camden February 23 – May 3. Branchville March 27. Expedition from Pine Bluff to Mt. Elba and Longview March 27–31. Longview March 29.


1st Indiana Cavalry Regiment, History
Mt. Elba and pursuit to Big Creek March 30. Marks' Mills April 25 (Detachment). At Pine Bluff and Little Rock until October, 1864. Walter's Plantation June 7. Expedition from Pine Bluff September 9-11 (Detachment). Near Monticello September 10. Brewer's Lane September 11. Near Pine Bluff September 13 (2 Companies). Reconnaissance from Little Rock to Monticello and Mt. Elba October 4–11. Veterans and Recruits consolidated to a Battalion of 2 Companies, and duty at Pine Bluff until January, 1865. Moved to mouth of White River and duty there until March 20, 1865. At St. Charles until June, 1865.


1st Indiana Cavalry Regiment, History
Mustered out May 31 and discharged June 22, 1865. Company "C" detached as escort to Gen. Hovey, February to July, 1863. Expedition to Yazoo Pass February 24 – April 8, 1863. Moved to Milliken's Bend, La., April 12. Advance on Bruinsburg and turning Grand Gulf April 25–30. Battle of Port Gibson May 1. Fourteen-Mile Creek May 12–13. Battle of Champion's Hill May 16. Siege of Vicksburg May 18 – July 4. Advance on Jackson, Miss., July 4–10. Siege of Jackson July 10–17.


1st Indiana Cavalry Regiment, History
Ordered to New Orleans, La., August, thence to Brashear City and Berwick; Western Louisiana "Teche" Campaign October 3 – November 30. Reconnaissance toward Opelousas October 20. Opelousas and Barre Landing October 21. Bayou Portage October 23. Moved to New Orleans, La., and duty there until July 7, 1864. Cypress Creek March 8, 1864. Rejoined Regiment at Pine Bluff, Ark.


1st Indiana Cavalry Regiment, Deaths
Regiment lost during service 4 Officers and 32 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 3 Officers and 148 Enlisted men by disease. Total 187.


1st Indiana Heavy Artillery Regiment
1st Regiment Indiana Heavy Artillery was a heavy artillery regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was nicknamed the "Jackass Regiment". Before being converted into an artillery unit in 1863, it served as the 21st Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry.


1st Indiana Heavy Artillery Regiment, Service
The 1st Indiana Heavy Artillery was organized in Indianapolis, Indiana, July 24, 1861, as the 21st Indiana Infantry under the command of Colonel James Winning McMillan. The regiment was converted to heavy artillery in February 1863.


1st Indiana Heavy Artillery Regiment, Service
The regiment was attached to Dix's Division, Baltimore, Maryland, to February 1862. Butler's New Orleans Expedition to March 1862. 2nd Brigade, Department of the Gulf, to October 1862. Independent Command, Department of the Gulf, to January 1863. Unattached, 1st Division, XIX Corps, Department of the Gulf, to February 1863. Artillery, 1st Division, XIX Corps, to August 1863. District of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Department of the Gulf, to June 1864. Unattached, XIX Corps, and unattached, Department of the Gulf, to January 1866.


1st Indiana Heavy Artillery Regiment, Service
The 1st Indiana Heavy Artillery mustered out January 10, 1866, at Baton Rouge, Louisiana.


1st Indiana Heavy Artillery Regiment, Detailed service
Left Indiana for Baltimore, Maryland, July 31, and duty in the defenses of that city until February 19, 1862. Expedition to Eastern Shore of Maryland November 14–22, 1861. Moved to Newport News, Virginia, February 19, 1862; then sailed on the steamer Constitution for Ship Island, Mississippi, March 4–13. Duty at Ship Island until April 14. Operations against Forts St. Philip and Jackson April 14–28. Occupation of New Orleans May 1 (first regiment to land). Camp at Algiers until May 30. Expedition to New Orleans and Jackson Railroad May 9–10.


1st Indiana Heavy Artillery Regiment, Detailed service
Moved to Baton Rouge May 30, and duty there until August 20. Battle of Baton Rouge August 5. Evacuation of Baton Rouge August 20. Camp at Carrollton until October. Action at Bayou Des Allemands September 4–5. Expedition from Carrollton to St. Charles Court House September 7–8. Skirmish near St. Charles Court House September 8. Expedition from Carrollton to Donaldsonville and skirmish October 21–25. Duty at Berwick Bay until February 1863. Bayou Teche November 3, 1862. Action with steamer Cotton, Bayou Teche, January 14, 1863. Operations in western Louisiana April 9-May 19. Teche Campaign April 11–20. Fort Bisland April 12–14.


1st Indiana Heavy Artillery Regiment, Detailed service
Advance on Port Hudson May 20–24. Siege of Port Hudson May 24-July 9. Assaults on Port Hudson May 27 and June 14. Lafourche Crossing June 20–21 (Company F). Brashear City June 23 (Company F). Expedition to Sabine Pass, Texas, September 4–11 (detachment). Garrison duty at New Orleans, Baton Rouge, and at various points in the Department of the Gulf until February 1865.


1st Indiana Heavy Artillery Regiment, Detailed service
Companies L and M were organized August 12 to November 2, 1863. Red River Campaign March to May 1864 (Companies G & I). Blair's Landing April 12–13 (detachment). Monett's Ferry, Cane River Crossing, April 23 (detachment). Retreat to Morganza May 13–20. Operations in Mobile Bay, Alabama, against Forts Gaines and Morgan August 2–23 (Companies B, F, H, and K). Siege and capture of Fort Gaines August 3–8. Siege and capture of Fort Morgan August 8–23. At New Orleans until March 1865. Campaign against Mobile, Alabama, and its defenses March 17-April 12, 1865.


1st Indiana Heavy Artillery Regiment, Detailed service
Siege of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely March 26-April 8. Fort Blakely April 9. Occupation of Mobile April 12, and duty there until June 24. Garrison duty until January 1866. Companies B and C at Fort Morgan; Companies H and K at Fort Gaines; Companies F and L at Fort Barrancas, Florida; Companies I and M at Fort Pickens, Florida; Companies A, E, and G at Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Company D at Port Hudson, Louisiana.


1st Indiana Heavy Artillery Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 390 men during service; 7 officers and 60 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 3 officers and 320 enlisted men died of disease.


1st Indiana Volunteers
The 1st Indiana Volunteers, or the 1st Infantry Regiment, Indiana Volunteers, was a regiment of soldiers primarily from southern Indiana commanded by lieutenant colonel and future Governor of Indiana and United States Senator Henry S. Lane, during the Mexican–American War. It was the first regiment to be created by the state. Its arms were purchased using a loan from the Bank of Indiana, and was dispatched to Mexico in 1844. The regiment was primarily on patrol duty during its three-month tour, guarding supply lines and manning outposts. After returning from the war, many of the men in the unit reenlisted in the 5th Indiana Volunteers.


1st Indonesian Choice Awards
The 1st Indonesian Choice Awards (Official name: NET. ONE presents Indonesian Choice Awards 2014) was an annual awards ceremony held on May 18, 2014, at the Mata Elang International Stadium in Pademangan, North Jakarta. The show was hosted by Sarah Sechan and Boy William. This awards ceremony coincided with the first anniversary of the sponsor TV channel NET., entitled Net. ONE.


1st Indonesian Choice Awards
Raisa was the biggest winner of the night, with three awards for "Female Singer of the Year", "Album of the Year" for Heart to Heart, and "Song of the Year" for "Pemeran Utama". Other winners included Fatin Shidqia, who won "Breakthrough of the Year", Superman Is Dead, who won "Group/Band/Duo of the Year", Tulus, who won "Male Singer of the Year", etc.


1st Indonesian Choice Awards
Legend of singer-songwriter, Iwan Fals, receiving the special award "Lifetime Achievement Award" for his contribution for 35 years in the world of Indonesian music.


1st Indonesian Choice Awards
In addition to local musician, NET. also features international musicians and artists, such as Far East Movement, Ne-Yo and Japanese comical magician Gamarjobat.


1st Indonesian Choice Awards, Voting system
Voting for the 2014 Indonesian Choice Awards began on April 30, 2014. Members of the public could cast their votes via Twitter or Facebook.


1st Indonesian Choice Awards, Winners and nominees
The full list of nominees and winners are as follows:


1st Indus Drama Awards
The 1st Indus Drama Awards ceremony, presented by Indus TV Network, sponsored by Dulux, took place on September 23, 2005 at PAF Museum, Karachi. The ceremony was recorded, and was scheduled to be televised in Pakistan and UAE on October 1, 2005 by Indus TV. It was produced by chairman Ghazanfar Ali.


1st Indus Drama Awards
The awards were hosted by actor Shahood Alvi and co-hosted by Sehar Imran.


1st Indus Drama Awards, Ceremony information
The drama awards were a follow-up of the IM Music awards, art of the INDUS NETWORK, which were held at the D.H.A Golf Club. The stage was set against a giant plasma screen and for the first time a live orchestra had been arranged.


1st Indus Drama Awards, Ceremony information
The four series competing for the most prestigious honours were 'Maa Aur Mamta', 'Ambulance', 'Mera Naam Hai Mohabbat' and 'Karachi law'. Kamran Qureshi’s drama series Maa Aur Mamta was considered most successful with seven awards; Qureshi brought his mother Shagufta Yousuf to receive it on his behalf. Natasha D’souza received her trophy for the best supporting actress in 'Ambulance". Shafi Mohammad won the best supporting actor for his role in 'Maa aur Mamta'. The best actress in drama series was Shehla Qureshi for her role in "Mehak" while Humayun Saeed won the equivalent for Mujrim.


1st Indus Drama Awards, Ceremony information
Further entertainment was provided by Humayun and Sonu, both of whom danced, Sonu to Atif Aslam's remix song 'Woh Lamhe'. Maa and Mamta also won an extra title when Sohail Asghar was conferred a special award for his role of a eunuch called Saima in Murad.


1st Indus Drama Awards, Ceremony information
A tribute was performed for Najam-uz-Zaman, who had died shortly previous to the event in Canada. Najam was a prominent figure in Indus Music  and was also one of Indus TV's founding members, besides the current owner, Ghazanfar.


1st Indus Drama Awards, Ceremony information
The best serial writer award went to Umera Ahmed for Wajood-e-Laraib’. The best actress in a drama serial went to Afreen for role in Azal, for which the male counterpart was Faisal Rehman for his contributions in 'Azal' and the best serial was "Wajood-e-Laraib." Adnan Siddiqui, Faisal Qureshi and Fahad Mustafa received the trophy. Adnan dedicated the trophy to his newborn baby, while the rest thanked the crowd for their involvement.


1st Indus Drama Awards, Ceremony information
Qavi Khan received a standing ovation for his contributions to the TV world with the late Shahzad Khalil. Ghazanfar himself presented this award to Khalil’s wife Badar Khalil.