1999 Aragonese regional election
The 1999 Aragonese regional election was held on Sunday, 13 June 1999, to elect the 5th Cortes of the autonomous community of Aragon. All 67 seats in the Cortes were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with regional elections in 12 other autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain, as well as the 1999 European Parliament election.


1999 Aragonese regional election
The election saw increases in both vote share and seats for the People's Party (PP), which had formed the Government of Aragon since 1995, and the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). The Aragonese Party (PAR) continued its long-term decline from its peak at the 1987 election while on the left, Chunta Aragonesista (CHA) gained most of United Left (IU) former support, which lost 4 of its 5 seats.


1999 Aragonese regional election
Despite winning the election and gaining one seat from 1995, the PP went into opposition as incumbent President of Aragon Santiago Lanzuela was unable to gather the support from his former coalition partner the PAR. Instead, the PAR supported Socialist Marcelino Iglesias as new regional President, entering into a coalition administration with the PSOE.


1999 Aragonese regional election, Overview, Electoral system
The Cortes of Aragon were the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Aragon, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Aragonese Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a President of the Government. Voting for the Cortes was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over eighteen, registered in Aragon and in full enjoyment of their political rights.


1999 Aragonese regional election, Overview, Electoral system
The 67 members of the Cortes of Aragon were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Additionally, the use of the D'Hondt method might result in an effective threshold over three percent, depending on the district magnitude. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Huesca, Teruel and Zaragoza. Each constituency was entitled to an initial minimum of 13 seats, with the remaining 28 allocated among the constituencies in proportion to their populations on the condition that the seat to population ratio in the most populated province did not exceed 2.75 times that of the least populated one.


1999 Aragonese regional election, Overview, Electoral system
The electoral law provided that parties, federations, coalitions and groupings of electors were allowed to present lists of candidates. However, groupings of electors were required to secure the signature of at least 1 percent of the electors registered in the constituency for which they sought election. Electors were barred from signing for more than one list of candidates. Concurrently, parties and federations intending to enter in coalition to take part jointly at an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election being called.


1999 Aragonese regional election, Overview, Election date
The term of the Cortes of Aragon expired four years after the date of their previous election. Elections to the Cortes were fixed for the fourth Sunday of May every four years. Legal amendments introduced in 1998 allowed for these to be held together with European Parliament elections, provided that they were scheduled for within a four month-timespan. The previous election was held on 28 May 1995, setting the election date for the Cortes concurrently with a European Parliament election on Sunday, 13 June 1999.


1999 Aragonese regional election, Overview, Election date
After legal amendments in 1996, the President of the Government was granted the prerogative to dissolve the Cortes of Aragon and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process, no nationwide election was due and some time requirements were met: namely, that dissolution did not occur either during the first legislative session or within the legislature's last year ahead of its scheduled expiry, nor before one year had elapsed since a previous dissolution under this procedure.


1999 Aragonese regional election, Overview, Election date
In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional President within a two-month period from the first ballot, the Cortes were to be automatically dissolved and a fresh election called. Any snap election held as a result of these circumstances would not alter the period to the next ordinary election, with elected deputies merely serving out what remained of their four-year terms.


1999 Aragonese regional election, Opinion polls
The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a given poll. When available, seat projections are also displayed below the voting estimates in a smaller font. 34 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Cortes of Aragon.


1999 Arena Football League season
The 1999 Arena Football League season was the 13th season of the Arena Football League. It was succeeded by 2000. The league champions were the Albany Firebirds, who defeated the Orlando Predators in ArenaBowl XIII.


1999 Argentina rugby union tour of Scotland and Ireland
The 1999 Argentina rugby union tour of Scotland and Ireland  was a series of four matches played by the Argentina national rugby union team in August 1999, to prepare the team for the 1999 Rugby World Cup


1999 Argentine general election
Argentina held presidential elections on 24 October 1999. Legislative elections were held on four dates, 8 August, 12 September, 26 September and 24 October, though most polls took place on 24 October.


1999 Argentine general election, Background
The Convertibility Plan, which had helped bring about stable prices and economic recovery and modernization, had endured the 1995 Mexican peso crisis, the 1997 Asian financial crisis, and other global shocks; but not without strain. Argentine business confidence struggled following these events and unemployment, already higher as a result of a wave of imports and sharp gains in productivity after 1990, had hovered around 15% since 1995. Economic problems also led to a sudden increase in crime, particularly property crime, and President Carlos Menem's unpopularity had left his Justicialist Party (whose populist Peronist platform he had largely abandoned) weakened.


1999 Argentine general election, Background
Himself experienced with the burdens of an economy in crisis, former President and centrist UCR leader Raúl Alfonsín negotiated a big tent alliance with the center-left FrePaSo in 1996. Following the Alliance's success in 1997, the party geared for the 1999 elections by nominating Buenos Aires Mayor Fernando de la Rúa for president and Frepaso leader Carlos Chacho Álvarez as his running mate. De la Rúa and Álvarez were both veteran also-rans.


1999 Argentine general election, Background
A former Peronist who had broken ranks with his party following Menem's turn to the right in 1989, Álvarez remained the country's most prominent center-left figure following the Frepaso's defeat in 1995. He also provided a counterbalance to de la Rúa, a moderately conservative UCR figure who had himself (in 1973) been the running mate on a defeated UCR ticket.


1999 Argentine general election, Background
The Justicialist Party was badly positioned as the economy re-entered recession in late 1998. President Menem had only worsened its image by flirting with seeking an unprecedented third straight term, though this was barred by the Argentine Constitution. Unable to persuade Congress to approve these plans, he pledged to run again in 2003, stating that "if I had been permitted to run, I am sure I would have won." His dismissal of de la Rúa as "boring" moreover was effectively used by the Alliance campaign in their ads, by which de la Rúa's tedium became a desirable alternative to Menem's "party" (a reference to the outgoing administration's numerous corruption scandals).


1999 Argentine general election, Background
Broadsides like these only further undermined his party's nominee, Buenos Aires Province Governor Eduardo Duhalde, who as a more traditional Peronist, had been distanced from the President since being elected governor in 1991. Duhalde's own approval suffered, however, as crime rates in the Greater Buenos Aires area (home to 2/3 of his constituents) rose steadily. This weakness was highlighted by the Ramallo massacre, a botched police intervention of a bank robbery on September 17 in which members of the force were implicated. An imposing figure in his party despite his diminutive height, Duhalde could only agree on a marginal figure in the party as his running mate: pop musician and former Tucumán Province Governor Ramón Ortega.


1999 Argentine general election, Background
Domingo Cavallo, the economist behind the "Argentine miracle" of the early 1990s, had become unpopular during the 1995 recession. He was acrimoniously dismissed by the President in 1996 following his public allegations of influential "mafias" in Menem's entourage. His statements gained validity, however, following the 1997 murder of a news magazine photojournalist targeted by a shipping magnate close to Menem. Cavallo founded the Action for the Republic, and thus became a further obstacle to Duhalde, who would now lose a large share of the Menem vote to the unpredictable economist.


1999 Argentine general election, Background
The recession, which had begun to ease on the eve of the October 24 election date, remained a central campaign issue. De la Rúa, who had earned plaudits for his fiscal discipline while mayor of Buenos Aires, stressed the need to crack down on graft and corruption. Besides referring to Menem himself, he pointed to the presence of exiled Paraguayan strongman General Lino Oviedo (who had been allowed in as a fugitive by Menem) as a poster child of the prevailing state of the rule of law. Duhalde focused on promises to combat the recession and double-digit unemployment.


1999 Argentine general election, Background
An anticipated runoff election was ultimately not needed, since the Alliance obtained 48% of the total vote - winning on the first round by 10% over Duhalde. Cavallo received only 10%, and much of the remainder went to left-wing parties (in contrast to 1995, when the far-right gained top minor-party status).


1999 Argentine general election, Background
The 1999 legislative elections renewed about half of the Chamber of Deputies (130 seats); there were no elections to the Senate. The Alliance obtained 63 seats, the Justicialist Party 51, and Domingo Cavallo's Action for the Republic 7. This left the Justicialists in the minority in the Lower House for the first time since 1989.


1999 Argentine general election, Results, Governors
Provincial elections were held in every province except Corrientes. Elections for Mayor of the City of Buenos Aires were held the following May. The Justicialist Party increased their majority among governors by one, to 15; outgoing Vice President Carlos Ruckauf was elected Governor of Buenos Aires Province, the nation's largest. The UCR retained 6, mainly in the Alliance (all but 3 Alliance candidates, in turn, were from the UCR). The Justicialists wrested governorships from the UCR (Córdoba), from the MPF in Tierra del Fuego (which endorsed the Justicialists), and from the far-right Republican Force (Tucumán); the UCR, in turn, displaced the Justicialists in Entre Ríos, Mendoza, and San Juan.


1999 Argentine motorcycle Grand Prix
The 1999 Argentine motorcycle Grand Prix was the last round of the 1999 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 31 October 1999 at the Autódromo Oscar Alfredo Gálvez in Buenos Aires.


1999 Argentine motorcycle Grand Prix, Championship standings after the race (500cc)
Below are the standings for the top five riders and constructors after round sixteen has concluded.


1999 Argyll and Bute Council election
The 1999 elections to Argyll and Bute Council were held on the 6 May 1999 and were the second for the unitary authority, which was created under the Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994 and replaced the previous two-tier system of local government under Strathclyde Regional Council and Dumbarton and Argyll & Bute District Councils. It was held on the same day as the first Scottish Parliament election and resulted in no change to the administration of the council - independent control.


1999 Arizona Cardinals season
The 1999 Arizona Cardinals season was the franchise's 101st season, 80th season in the National Football League and the 12th in Arizona. The team was unable to match their previous output of 9–7, instead winning only six games. The Cardinals would fail to return to the playoffs and would not return until the 2008 season.


1999 Arizona Diamondbacks season
The 1999 Arizona Diamondbacks looked to improve on their 1998 expansion season. They looked to contend in what was a strong National League West Division. They finished the season with a highly surprising record of 100-62, good enough for the NL West division title. In the NLDS, however, they fell in four games to the New York Mets on Todd Pratt's infamous home run. Randy Johnson would win the NL Cy Young Award and become the third pitcher to win the Cy Young Award in both leagues.


1999 Arizona Diamondbacks season, Player stats, Batting
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1999 Arizona State Sun Devils football team
The 1999 Arizona State Sun Devils football team represented Arizona State University during the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team's head coach was Bruce Snyder, who was coaching his eighth season with the Sun Devils and 20th season overall. Home games were played at Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe, Arizona. They participated as members of the Pacific-10 Conference.


1999 Arizona Wildcats football team
The 1999 Arizona Wildcats football team represented the University of Arizona during the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by head coach Dick Tomey in his thirteenth season, the Wildcats finished with a 6–6 record (3–5 against Pac-10 opponents) and missed out on a bowl game.


1999 Arizona Wildcats football team
After entering the year with high expectations after a dominant 1998 season, the Wildcats were outplayed and blown out by Penn State in the opener and never fully recovered. They were 5–2 and 6–3 at different points during the year, but would lose out, including a rivalry loss to Arizona State to end the season, which knocked them out of the postseason picture.


1999 Arizona Wildcats football team, Before the season
Arizona completed the 1998 season with a 12–1 record and defeated Nebraska in the Holiday Bowl. Many fans have rated the season as the best in school history.


1999 Arizona Wildcats football team, Before the season
The team entered the 1999 season with many of their offensive starters returning and hoped to improve from the previous season and contend for the Pac-10 title and a chance to finally earn a spot for the Rose Bowl that has eluded them during the decade, as well as being contenders for a potential national championship.


1999 Arizona Wildcats football team, Before the season
Tomey brought in a top recruiting class to the program in an effort to help the team move one step closer to achieving its goals. By the preseason, the Wildcats were ranked third in the polls, which was the highest in team history to start a season.


1999 Arizona Wildcats football team, Game summaries, Penn State
Arizona began the season with a trip to Penn State. It was the first ever meeting between the Wildcats and Nittany Lions. Due to the highly anticipated matchup between the top-5 teams (Arizona ranked third and Penn State fourth), ESPN’s College GameDay came to State College the morning of the game. It was the first time that GameDay involved an Arizona game.


1999 Arizona Wildcats football team, Game summaries, Penn State
In the game, in front of a national television audience (broadcast on ABC), the Wildcats watched as they would be dominated by the Lions in all phases. The only bright spot for Arizona was a touchdown scored in the game’s final minute that prevented a shutout. The blowout loss ended Arizona’s chances for a national title and dropped out of the top ten polls.


1999 Arizona Wildcats football team, Game summaries, Penn State
After the game, Tomey said that the team was largely affected by the loud atmosphere at Penn State, turnovers, and poor coaching decisions. He also said that it was difficult to beat a team with a legendary coach and that the result would be different had the Wildcats played the Lions at home instead.


1999 Arizona Wildcats football team, Game summaries, TCU
After being destroyed at Penn State, the Wildcats stayed on the road for their next game at TCU in another first-meeting matchup. In the first half, the story was the same for Arizona, as the Horned Frogs would lead 25-7 at halftime. By the second half, Arizona began coming back with touchdowns and took the lead late in the fourth quarter. The Wildcats would stop TCU on their final drive to complete the comeback victory, which may have saved the season for Arizona.


1999 Arizona Wildcats football team, Game summaries, Stanford
After Arizona defeated Middle Tennessee in their home opener in yet another first-meeting game, they hosted Stanford. The Wildcats would score first, but would make mistakes that led to the Cardinal pulling away by halftime. Arizona made a comeback in the third quarter to cut into Stanford’s lead. However, in the fourth quarter, the Cardinal broke the game open to give the Wildcats their second loss of the season and jeopardizing their Rose Bowl hopes. Also, it was Arizona’s first loss to Stanford since 1990, snapping a six-game winning streak. Stanford would ultimately go on to appear in the Rose Bowl.


1999 Arizona Wildcats football team, Game summaries, Washington State
The Wildcats traveled to Washington State looking to get back into the win column. In a back and forth battle with the Cougars, the Wildcats drove to midfield in the final seconds. Quarterback Keith Smith threw a Hail Mary pass that was caught in the end zone by receiver Bobby Wade as time expired to give Arizona the wild victory. The winning play was known to fans as the “Hail Bobby”.


1999 Arizona Wildcats football team, Game summaries, USC
Arizona hosted USC (ranked 22nd) in their next game. With Trung Canidate and Dennis Northcutt leading the way, the Wildcats took control of the game and seemed to seal it on a fumble return for a touchdown. However, the Trojans scored in the final minute to cut Arizona’s lead to seven, but an onside kick attempt would go out of bounds, and the Wildcats held on for the win. This would be Arizona’s last home win over the Trojans until 2012.


1999 Arizona Wildcats football team, Game summaries, Oregon
The Wildcats would welcome Oregon for another big test. Arizona would compete with the Ducks all game long, with both teams trading scores, with Northcutt keeping the Wildcats in it with a pair of touchdowns. Oregon took the lead with over a minute remaining in the fourth quarter and the Wildcats had one final chance. Arizona would get into Oregon territory and ultimately miss a potential tying field goal to lose. The loss would end all chances that Arizona had to earn a Pac-10 title and Rose Bowl bid.


1999 Arizona Wildcats football team, Game summaries, Oregon
The Wildcats’ kicker, Mark McDonald, who missed the field goal, received insults and death threats by fans, and would ultimately leave the team. He had been 1 for 10 in field goal tries, with his only make in the win over USC (McDonald had winning kicks against San Diego State and California in 1997 and was part of the Wildcats’ memorable 1998 team).


1999 Arizona Wildcats football team, Game summaries, UCLA
Arizona went to the Rose Bowl to face UCLA, who dealt the Wildcats their only loss in the previous season that prevented them from playing the actual Rose Bowl game. The Wildcats had a new kicker, Sean Keel, who was the backup to McDonald. Keel became the full-time kicker after McDonald decided to leave the program after missing a late game-tying field goal in the loss to Oregon and being threatened by fans. Keel would eventually be the Wildcats’ primary kicker for the rest of his career.


1999 Arizona Wildcats football team, Game summaries, UCLA
The Wildcats would give up an early score before bouncing back with Keel making his first field goal and Canidate rushed for two touchdowns. Northcutt led the receiving corps and Arizona avenged their loss to the Bruins from the 1997-98 seasons and gave them their sixth win of the year. It was the Wildcats’ first win in Pasadena since 1990 and their first sweep of the Los Angeles teams since the same year.


1999 Arizona Wildcats football team, Game summaries, Washington
On homecoming day (and the home finale), the Wildcats hosted Washington, looking for a chance to clinch a bowl berth with a seventh victory. Unfortunately, mistakes would cost the Wildcats which would lead to points by the Huskies. Arizona tried to come back late, but would fall short as the Huskies got revenge on Ortege Jenkins and the Wildcats (who beat Washington the previous year on Jenkins’ somersault touchdown) and officially ended Arizona’s Rose Bowl hopes for good.


1999 Arizona Wildcats football team, Game summaries, Arizona State
In the annual “Duel in the Desert”, the Wildcats continued to look for a bowl bid as they traveled to Tempe to take on Arizona State. It was the 100th anniversary of the rivalry’s first game between the teams, with both schools holding centennial celebrations.


1999 Arizona Wildcats football team, Game summaries, Arizona State
Despite big plays by Arizona’s offense, which included 80-yard touchdowns by Canidate and Northcutt (with the latter also returning a punt for a score), their defense struggled as they had trouble slowing down the Sun Devils’ strong offense. The 42-27 loss led the Wildcats to ending the season with a three-game losing streak and prevented them from earning a bowl bid. ASU went on to clinch a bowl bid of their own, which was the Aloha Bowl. It was the Wildcats’ first loss in Tempe since 1991.


1999 Arizona Wildcats football team, After the season
The 1999 season would become a step towards the end of Tomey’s tenure, as another mediocre season in 2000 in which Arizona would collapse in the second half, would lead to his resignation as coach and the program struggling for most of the next decade. Many Wildcats have often blamed the opening season loss to Penn State as the cause of the team’s fall from success and the program not being the same for several years due to the Wildcats’ inability to get to the Rose Bowl under Tomey and his future successors.


1999 Arkansas Razorbacks football team
The 1999 Arkansas Razorbacks football team represented the University of Arkansas during the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season.


1999 Arkansas Razorbacks football team
Arkansas won the 2000 Cotton Bowl vs the Texas Longhorns on New Year's Day. It was the first college football game to kickoff in the 21st Century. It was also Arkansas' first bowl victory since the 1985 Holiday Bowl, and the Razorbacks first Cotton Bowl win since the 1976 Cotton Bowl Classic. Freshman running back Cedric Cobbs was named the Cotton Bowl offensive MVP, and senior defensive lineman D.J. Cooper was named the games defensive MVP. Senior quarterback Clint Stoerner became the school's all-time leading passer in most passing categories.


1999 Arkansas Razorbacks football team
Stoerner also redeemed himself versus Tennessee, after fumbling away the ball late in the game in Knoxville in 1998. That fumble led to a Tennessee touchdown that won the game, 28–24. This season, Stoerner threw the game-winning touchdown pass to Anthony Lucas late in the fourth quarter versus the Volunteers in Fayetteville, leading Arkansas to a victory by the same score, 28–24. Razorback fans tore down the goal posts after the win, and carried them to Dickson Street in downtown Fayetteville in celebration. It is considered one of the most memorable games in Razorback football history.


1999 Arkansas State Indians football team
The 1999 Arkansas State Indians football team represented Arkansas State University in the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season as members of the Big West Conference. Under third-year head coach Joe Hollis, the team compiled a record of 4–7, 2–3 in the Big West to finish in fifth place.


1999 Armenia, Colombia earthquake
The 1999 Armenia, Colombia earthquake occurred on 25 January 1999 at 13:19 with an epicenter 40 kilometers (25 mi) west south west of Ibagué, Colombia. The shock heavily affected the city of Armenia in the Quindío department, and about 18 other towns and 28 additional villages in the Colombian Coffee-Growers Axis region  departments, and to a lesser degree, the cities of Pereira and Manizales. The earthquake had a magnitude of 6.2 on the moment magnitude scale and was the strongest earthquake to strike Colombia for 16 years.


1999 Armenia, Colombia earthquake, Cause
This area has a well known high seismic risk, due to the triple junction that occurs at the northwest corner of the South American Plate where the Nazca, Cocos, and Pacific plates converge. About 60% of the existent poorly engineered structures in Armenia collapsed, due to the high number of old structures, built without technical requirements and the lack of urban planning and land studies.


1999 Armenia, Colombia earthquake, Damage
The earthquake hit Colombia's coffee-growing region, and toppled tower blocks, hotels, and historic churches in Armenia. Most of the buildings that collapsed were old and poorly constructed, or were built on poor soil such as old landfill sites or steep slopes. The newer structures, for the most part, survived intact due to building codes established in 1984. The worst hit part of the country were regional capitals of Armenia and Pereira. In Armenia, about 16 km (10 mi) south of the epicentre, single-story homes were demolished.


1999 Armenia, Colombia earthquake, Damage
The mainshock produced a rough casualty estimate of about 1,000 people. The first (17:40) aftershock produced a still indeterminate number of victims among the people trying to remove their goods  from the semi-collapsed structures. The corpses that were retrieved were carried to the local University of Quindío auditorium to be identified by their relatives. Since the forensic services were out, many of them could not be recognized and were buried in common tombs.


1999 Armenia, Colombia earthquake, Damage
The structures of many hospitals were damaged, and the resources available for health care were insufficient even before the event. Furthermore, the area had limited  reaction plans for disasters and little experience with triage. As a consequence, the attention to the victims was chaotic. About 4,000 people with various degrees of lesions were attended to in the remaining health care centers of the city. An undetermined number of injured victims (many of them unidentified) were carried by airplane to different cities (mainly Bogotá, Medellín, and Cali), and out of the country.


1999 Armenia, Colombia earthquake, Damage
The number of missing people as a result of the earthquake is estimated to be near 3,900. Some factors involved in the disappearance of these people are the security issues due to the riots, the collapse of communications and roads, the lack of coordination of the rescue forces, dispatch of the injured victims and identification of the corpses. Mainly the injuries in the earthquakes were made by collapsing buildings which broke bones, caused concussions, bruises, cuts and many more injuries.


1999 Armenia, Colombia earthquake, Aftershocks
A shock occurred at 15:40 (22:40 UTC) with a magnitude of 5.4 on the Richter scale. Other aftershocks that caused panic among the inhabitants were on January 29 at 23:33 (M4.2) and January 31 at 03:03 (M3.5)


1999 Armenia, Colombia earthquake, Response
Colombian authorities imposed a dawn-till-dusk curfew to allow rescue workers to work unhindered. Looting was widespread in Armenia after residents, disturbed by the slow movement of the relief effort, broke into food stores and stole supplies. Then Colombian president Andrés Pastrana postponed a trip to Germany to attend a World Bank meeting to view the destruction himself. He later had to send soldiers to the afflicted area to restore order.


1999 Armenia, Colombia earthquake, Aftermath
The main economic activity of the region, the Colombian coffee industry was heavily affected. About 8,000 coffee farms were completely or partially destroyed, and 13,000 structures of several kinds of enterprises and industries were damaged and went temporarily or permanently out of service. The banks and financial entities could not dispense money for several weeks.


1999 Armenia, Colombia earthquake, Aftermath
In January 2002 the new community of El Cantaro was finished. Many of the 125 families that gathered to celebrate the completion of their homes were chosen from among the neediest. An ecological park was created further down the eponymous stream.


1999 Armenian Cup
The 1999 Armenian Cup was the eighth edition of the Armenian Cup, a football competition. In 1999, the tournament had 16 participants, out of which only 1 was a reserve team.


1999 Armenian Cup, Results, First round
The first legs were played on 3 April 1999. The second legs were played on 11 April 1999.


1999 Armenian Cup, Results, Quarter-finals
The first legs were played on 20 April 1999. The second legs were played on 30 April 1999.


1999 Armenian Cup, Results, Semi-finals
The first legs were played on 11 May 1999. The second legs were played on 20 May 1999.


1999 Armenian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Armenia on 30 May 1999. There were 75 constituency seats and 56 elected on a national basis using proportional representation. The result was a victory for the Unity Bloc, which won 62 of the 131 seats.


1999 Army Black Knights football team
The 1999 Army Black Knights football team was an American football team that represented the United States Military Academy as a member of Conference USA (C-USA) in the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their ninth season under head coach Bob Sutton, the Black Knights compiled a 3–8 record and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 317 to 225. In the annual Army–Navy Game, the Black Knights lost to Navy, 19–9.


1999 Arun District Council election
The 1999 Arun District Council election took place on 6 May 1999 to elect members of Arun District Council in West Sussex, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative Party held overall control of the council.


1999 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
The 6th Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election was held in October 1999. The Indian National Congress won 53 out of 60 seats and Mukut Mithi became the new Chief Minister, replacing Gegong Apang.


1999 Ashfield District Council election
The 1999 Ashfield District Council election took place on 6 May 1999 to elect members of Ashfield District Council in Nottinghamshire, England. The whole council was up for election and the Labour party stayed in overall control of the council.


1999 Ashford Borough Council election
The 1999 Ashford Borough Council election took place on 6 May 1999 to elect members of Ashford Borough Council in Kent, England. The whole council was up for election and the council stayed under no overall control.


1999 Ashford Borough Council election, Background
The previous election in 1995 saw the Conservative party lose control of the council. Going into 1999 the council was seen as one of the Conservatives top targets with the party needing a 6% swing to take control.


1999 Ashford Borough Council election, Election result
The results saw the Conservatives make 5 gains but fail to win a majority on the council.


1999 Asian Amateur Boxing Championships
The 20th edition of the Men's Asian Amateur Boxing Championships were held from October 23 to October 30, 1999, in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.


1999 Asian Archery Championships
The 1999 Asian Archery Championships was the 11th edition of the Asian Archery Championships. The event was held in Beijing, China in September 1999 and was organized by Asian Archery Federation.


1999 Asian Badminton Championships
The 1999 Badminton Asia Championships was the 18th tournament of the Badminton Asia Championships. It was held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.


1999 Asian Cross Country Championships
The 5th Asian Cross Country Championships took place 1999 in Tehran, Iran for Men and in Hong Kong for Women. Team rankings were decided by a combination of each nation's top three athletes finishing positions.


1999 Asian Cycling Championships
The 1999 Asian Cycling Championships took place at Green Dome Maebashi, Maebashi and Tsumagoi, Japan from 6 to 13 June 1999.


1999 Asian Judo Championships
The 1999 Asian Judo Championships were held in Wenzhou, China 25 June to 26 June 1999.


1999 Asian Junior Athletics Championships
The 1999 Asian Junior Athletics Championships was the eighth edition of the international athletics competition for Asian under-20 athletes, organised by the Asian Athletics Association. It took place from 30 September to 3 October in Singapore. A total of 43 events were contested, which were divided equally between male and female athletes aside from the men's 3000 metres steeplechase.


1999 Asian Junior Badminton Championships
The 1999 Asian Junior Badminton Championships were held in Yangon, Myanmar from 11–17 July. This tournament organized by the Asian Badminton Confederation, and there were 24 countries and regions with more than 350 players and officials participated in the Championships.


1999 Asian Junior Badminton Championships, Venue
The tournament was held at the National Indoor Stadium – 1 in Thuwunna, Yangon, Myanmar.


1999 Asian Junior Badminton Championships, Medalists
China and Indonesia captured a team gold and silver medal in the girls' and boys' team respectively. Korea and Malaysia shared third place in the boys' team event. In the girls' team event, Taiwan and Korea were co-bronze medalists. In the girls' team final, China beat Indonesia with the score 5–0, and Indonesia beat the China boys' team with the score 3–2. In the individuals event, Chinese squad took four of the five titles. Only the mixed doubles crown eluded the Chinese team when Indonesians Hendri Kurniawan Saputra and Enny Erlangga defeated China's Zheng Bo and Wei Yili in straight game 15–12 and 17–16.


1999 Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships
The 7th Asian Junior Table Tennis Championships 1999 were held in Chennai, India, from  31 August ‐ 5 September 1999. It was organised by the Table Tennis Federation of India under the authority of the Asian Table Tennis Union (ATTU) and International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF).


1999 Asian Karate Championships
The 1999 Asian Karate Championships are the 4th edition of the Asian Karate Championships, and were held in Singapore from 1 to 2 December 1999.


1999 Asian Men's Volleyball Championship
The 1999 Asian Men's Volleyball Championship was the 10th Asian Championship, which took place from September 2 to September 9, 1999, in Azadi Sport Complex, Tehran, Iran.


1999 Asian Men's Volleyball Championship, Pools composition
The teams are seeded based on their final ranking at the 1997 Asian Men's Volleyball Championship.


1999 Asian PGA Tour
The 1999 Asian PGA Tour was the fifth season of the Asian PGA Tour, the main men's professional golf tour in Asia excluding Japan.


1999 Asian PGA Tour, Tournament schedule
The table below shows the 1999 Asian PGA Tour schedule.


1999 Asian Speed Skating Championships
The 1999 Asian Speed Skating Championships were held between 9 January and 10 January 1999 at M-Wave in Nagano, Japan.


1999 Asian Super Cup
The 1999 Asian Super Cup was the 5th Asian Super Cup, a football match played between the winners of the previous season's Asian Club Championship and Asian Cup Winners Cup competitions. The 1999 competition was contested by Júbilo Iwata of Japan, who won the 1998–99 Asian Club Championship, and Al Ittihad of Saudi Arabia, the winners of the 1998–99 Asian Cup Winners' Cup.


1999 Asian Super Cup, Route to the Super Cup, Júbilo Iwata
1Júbilo Iwata goals always recorded first. 2 The match was played over one leg by mutual agreement.


1999 Asian Weightlifting Championships
The 1999 Asian Weightlifting Championships were held in Wuhan, China between August 29 and September 5, 1999. It was the 31st men's and 12th women's championship. The event was organised by the Asian Weightlifting Federation.


1999 Asian Weightlifting Championships, Medal table
Ranking by all medals: Big (Total result) and Small (Snatch and Clean & Jerk)


1999 Asian Winter Games
The 4th Asian Winter Games (Korean: 제 4 회 동계 아시안 게임, romanized: je 4 hoe dong-gye asian geim) were held from January 30 to February 6, 1999, in the province of Kangwon (Gangwon), South Korea. The games were staged in three different clusters in the province which were Yongpyong, Kangnung (Gangneung) and Chunchon (Chuncheon). The name Yongpyong was derived from the Yongpyong Resort.


1999 Asian Winter Games
On December 2, 1993, the Olympic Council of Asia announced that South Korea would host the 4th Asian Winter Games in 1999. South Korea initially aimed to host the previous 3rd games but hosted these 4th games which were decided at the same time with the 3rd games.


1999 Asian Winter Games, Mascot
The 1999 Winter Asiad mascot is Gomdori (곰돌이), a half-moon black bear cub.


1999 Asian Winter Games, Sports
A total of 43 medal events in seven sports were played in the Fourth Winter Asian Games. Freestyle skiing was removed from the program while two more events were added to alpine skiing.


1999 Asian Winter Games, Participating nations
Names are arranged in alphabetical order. A total of 22 Asian NOCs sent delegations, with those that sent only officials.


1999 Asian Women's Handball Championship
The 1999 Asian Women's Handball Championship was the seventh Asian Championship, which was taking place from 24 to 30 January 2000 in Kumamoto, Japan. It acted as the Asian qualifying tournament for the 2000 Olympic Games.


1999 Asian Women's Volleyball Championship
The 1999 Asian Women's Volleyball Championship was the 10th Asian Championship, which was taking place from September 21 to September 26, 1999, in Hong Kong, China.


1999 Asian Women's Volleyball Championship, Pools composition
The teams are seeded based on their final ranking at the 1997 Asian Women's Volleyball Championship.


1999 Asian Wrestling Championships
The 1999 Asian Wrestling Championships were held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. The event took place from May 25 to May 30, 1999.


1999 Asian Youth Boys Volleyball Championship
The 1999 Asian Youth Boys Volleyball Championship was held in Chiayi City, Taiwan from 20 to 25 April 1999.


1999 Asian Youth Boys Volleyball Championship, Pools composition
The teams are seeded based on their final ranking at the 1997 Asian Youth Boys Volleyball Championship.


1999 Asian Youth Boys Volleyball Championship, Pools composition
Chinese Taipei (Host & 1st) China (4th) Philippines Saudi Arabia


1999 Asian Youth Girls Volleyball Championship
The 1999 Asian Youth Girls Volleyball Championship was held in Singapore from 4 to 9 June 1999.


1999 Asian Youth Girls Volleyball Championship, Pools composition
The teams are seeded based on their final ranking at the 1997 Asian Youth Girls Volleyball Championship.


1999 Asturian regional election
The 1999 Asturian regional election was held on Sunday, 13 June 1999, to elect the 5th General Junta of the Principality of Asturias. All 45 seats in the General Junta were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with regional elections in twelve other autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain, as well as the 1999 European Parliament election.


1999 Asturian regional election
An internal People's Party (PP) crisis starting in 1997 between the regional PP leadership and President Sergio Marqués resulted in a party split, with Marqués' government breaking away from the PP in 1998, maintaining the support of only 5 of the 21 PP deputies for the remainder of the legislature.


1999 Asturian regional election
As a result of the ensuing political crisis, the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) of Vicente Álvarez Areces went on to win an absolute majority of seats, at the cost of the greatly weakened PP. United Left (IU) also suffered from the party crisis at the national level and lost half of its support, while Sergio Marqués' party, the Asturian Renewal Union (URAS), entered parliament with 3 seats.


1999 Asturian regional election, Overview, Electoral system
The General Junta of the Principality of Asturias was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Asturias, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Asturian Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a President of the Principality. Voting for the General Junta was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over eighteen, registered in Asturias and in full enjoyment of their political rights.


1999 Asturian regional election, Overview, Electoral system
The 45 members of the General Junta of the Principality of Asturias were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Additionally, the use of the D'Hondt method might result in an effective threshold over three percent, depending on the district magnitude. Seats were allocated to constituencies, which were established by law as follows:


1999 Asturian regional election, Overview, Electoral system
Each constituency was entitled to an initial minimum of two seats, with the remaining 39 allocated among the constituencies in proportion to their populations.


1999 Asturian regional election, Overview, Electoral system
The electoral law provided that parties, federations, coalitions and groupings of electors were allowed to present lists of candidates. However, groupings of electors were required to secure the signature of at least 1 percent of the electors registered in the constituency for which they sought election. Electors were barred from signing for more than one list of candidates. Concurrently, parties and federations intending to enter in coalition to take part jointly at an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election being called.


1999 Asturian regional election, Overview, Election date
The term of the General Junta of the Principality of Asturias expired four years after the date of its previous election. Elections to the General Junta were fixed for the fourth Sunday of May every four years. Legal amendments introduced in 1998 allowed for these to be held together with European Parliament elections, provided that they were scheduled for within a four month-timespan. The previous election was held on 28 May 1995, setting the election date for the General Junta concurrently with a European Parliament election on Sunday, 13 June 1999.


1999 Asturian regional election, Overview, Election date
After legal amendments earlier in 1999, the President of the Principality was granted the prerogative to dissolve the General Junta and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process, no nationwide election was due and some time requirements were met: namely, that dissolution did not occur either during the first legislative session or within the legislature's last year ahead of its scheduled expiry, nor before one year had elapsed since a previous dissolution under this procedure.


1999 Asturian regional election, Overview, Election date
In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional President within a two-month period from the first ballot, the General Junta was to be automatically dissolved and a fresh election called. Any snap election held as a result of these circumstances would not alter the period to the next ordinary election, with elected deputies merely serving out what remained of their four-year terms.


1999 Asturian regional election, Opinion polls
The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a given poll. When available, seat projections are also displayed below the voting estimates in a smaller font. 23 seats were required for an absolute majority in the General Junta of the Principality of Asturias.


1999 Athens earthquake
The 1999 Athens earthquake occurred on September 7 at 14:56:51 local time near Mount Parnitha in Greece with a moment magnitude of 6.0 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). The proximity to the Athens metropolitan area resulted in widespread structural damage, mainly to the nearby suburbs of Ano Liossia, Acharnes, Fyli, Thrakomakedones, Kifissia, Metamorfosi, Kamatero and Nea Philadelphia. More than 100 buildings (including three major factories) across those areas collapsed trapping scores of victims under their rubble while dozens more were severely damaged. With damage estimated at $3–4.2 billion, 143 people were killed, and up to 1,600 were treated for injuries in Greece's deadliest natural disaster in almost half a century.


1999 Athens earthquake, Damage
The 1999 quake was the most devastating and costly natural disaster to hit the country in nearly 20 years. The last major earthquake to hit Athens took place on February 24, 1981, near the Alkyonides Islands of the Corinthian Gulf, some 87 km to the west of the Greek capital. Registering a moment magnitude of 6.7, the 1981 earthquake had resulted in the deaths of 20 people and considerable and widespread structural damage in the city of Corinth, nearby towns and sections of Athens' western suburbs.


1999 Athens earthquake, Damage
Apart from the proximity of the epicenter to the Athens Metropolitan Area, this quake also featured a very shallow hypocenter combined with unusually high ground accelerations. Unexpectedly heavy damage also affected the town of Adames. The Acropolis of Athens and the rest of the city's famous ancient monuments escaped the disaster either totally unharmed or suffering only minor damage. A landslide  as well as several fissures were reported along the road leading to the peak of Mount Parnitha. Minor damage was also reported to water and waste networks close to the epicenter.


1999 Athens earthquake, Strong motion
This event took Greek seismologists by surprise as it came from a previously unknown fault, originating in an area that was for a long time considered of a particularly low seismicity. The highest recorded peak ground acceleration was 0.3g, at 15 km from the epicentre, with attenuation predicting 0.6g acceleration at the centre.


1999 Athens earthquake, Response
The tremor took place less than a month after a  Turkish disaster which was much larger in scale. This succession of earthquakes and mutual help of both countries gave rise to talks about what became known as the "Greek-Turkish earthquake diplomacy", in hopes for a breakthrough in bilateral relations, which had been marred by decades of hostility. Turkey reciprocated the aid rendered by Greece immediately following the August 17, 1999 Turkish earthquake.


1999 Athens earthquake, Response
A special taskforce was formed, consisting of the Undersecretariat of the Prime Ministry, the Turkish Armed Forces, the Ministries of Foreign Affairs and of Internal Affairs and the Greek Embassy in Ankara was contacted. The Turkish aid was the first to arrive in the affected areas, with the first 20-person rescue team arriving in Athens within 13 hours after the earthquake struck. The Greek consulates and the embassy in Turkey had their phone lines jammed with Turkish citizens offering  blood donations.


1999 Atlanta Braves season
The 1999 Atlanta Braves season marked the franchise's 34th season in Atlanta and 129th overall. The Braves won their fifth consecutive division title with a 103-59 record and 6 game lead over the New York Mets. The Braves appeared in the World Series for the fifth time during the 1990s. The Braves lost all four games of the 1999 World Series to the New York Yankees, resulting in a sweep. The Braves played their 2nd World Series against the Yankees in 4 years, with the first being in 1996, which they played in six games. This is to date their last National League pennant.


1999 Atlanta Braves season
Two key players on the 1999 Braves were Chipper Jones & John Rocker. Jones won the National League's Most Valuable Player award with a .310 average, 45 HRs, 110 RBIs, and sealed the award with his September heroics against the New York Mets. Rocker recorded 38 saves as Atlanta's closer, but later created controversy due to his racist and homophobic comments in a December 27, 1999, Sports Illustrated article.


1999 Atlanta Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1999 Atlanta Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1999 Atlanta Braves season, National League Championship Series, Game 1
The Braves began their eighth consecutive NLCS with a 4-2 victory over the Mets, defeating a team they left for dead two weeks earlier. Greg Maddux tossed seven solid innings,  and future NLCS MVP Eddie Pérez who came up big for the absence of Javy López, homered. Light-hitting shortstop Walt Weiss went 3-for-4 with a run scored and RBI for the Braves.


1999 Atlanta Braves season, National League Championship Series, Game 1
John Rocker recorded the final four outs for the save, his second of the postseason, to seal Atlanta's fourth straight win.


1999 Atlanta Falcons season
The 1999 season was the Atlanta Falcons' 34th in the National Football League (NFL). They finished with a 5–11 record, some way short of the 14–2 record they managed in the previous season, and failed to reach the playoffs, which meant they would not be the first team to play in the Super Bowl at their own stadium. The Falcons and their Super Bowl XXXIII opponents, the Denver Broncos, managed an aggregate 11–21 record between them; it was the worst combined record by two teams the year after they reached the Super Bowl until the Raiders and the Buccaneers in 2003.


1999 Atlanta Falcons season
The season saw star running back Jamal Anderson hurt his knee in Week 2 and be subsequently placed on injured reserve, ending his season and any hope of the Falcons matching their 1998 form. The injury that Anderson suffered was career-threatening.


1999 Atlantic 10 Conference Baseball Tournament
The 1999 Atlantic 10 Conference Baseball Championship was held at Bear Stadium in Boyertown, Pennsylvania from May 20–22. It was the 12th time was held in Boyertown, where it was previously held from 1987 to 1997. It featured the top two regular-season finishers of each of the conference's six-team divisions. West Division top seed Virginia Tech defeated La Salle in the title game to win the tournament for the second time, earning the Atlantic 10's automatic bid to the 1999 NCAA Tournament.


1999 Atlantic 10 Conference Baseball Tournament, Seeding and format
Each division's top teams, based on winning percentage in the 21-game regular season schedule, qualified for the field. In the four-team double-elimination format, the East Division champion played the West Division runner-up, and vice versa. In the West Division, conference tiebreaking rules gave La Salle received the second seed in the four-way tie for second place.


1999 Atlantic 10 Conference Baseball Tournament, All-Tournament Team
The following players were named to the All-Tournament Team. Virginia Tech's Larry Bowles, one of six Hokies selected, was named Most Outstanding Player.


1999 Atlantic 10 Conference Baseball Tournament, All-Tournament Team
Virginia Tech's Barry Gauch was named for the third time. He was the Most Outstanding Player in 1997 and also named in 1998. The Hokies' Matt Griswold was named for the second time, after also being selected in 1997.


1999 Atlantic 10 Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1999 Atlantic 10 Men's Basketball Tournament was played from March 3 to March 6, 1999. The tournament was played at The Spectrum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The winner was named champion of the Atlantic 10 Conference and received an automatic bid to the 1999 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament. The top two teams in each division received a first-round bye in the conference tournament. The University of Rhode Island won their first conference tournament after Lamar Odom of Rhode Island made a 3-point 'buzzer beater' to beat Temple.


1999 Atlantic 10 Men's Basketball Tournament
Eggy then tackled Odom along with hundreds of other UMass fans left over in the stands. Temple and George Washington also received bids to the NCAA Tournament. Lamar Odom was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player. Future NBA player Mark Karcher of Temple was among those also named to the All-Championship Team. Odom would also go on to play in the NBA.


1999 Atlantic 10 Men's Basketball Tournament, Bracket
All games played at The Spectrum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania* - Overtime


1999 Atlantic Championship
The 1999 Toyota Atlantic Championship season was contested over 12 rounds. The KOOL Toyota Atlantic Championship Drivers' Champion was Anthony Lazzaro driving for PPI Motorsports. 19 different teams and 44 different drivers competed. In this one-make formula all drivers had to utilize Swift chassis and Toyota engines. This season also saw a C2-class running older Ralt chassis and Toyota engines. In C2-class seven different drivers competed, but none of them for the whole season.


1999 Atlantic Championship, Final points standings, Driver, Main championship
For every race the points were awarded: 20 points to the winner, 16 for runner-up, 14 for third place, 12 for fourth place, 10 for fifth place, 8 for sixth place, 6 seventh place, winding down to 1 point for 12th place. Lower placed drivers did not award points. Additional points were awarded to the pole winner (1 point) and to the driver leading the most laps (1 point). C2-class drivers were not able to score points in the main class.


1999 Atlantic Championship, Final points standings, Driver, Main championship
Race 8 Nicolas Rondet had 2 points deduction due to taking unjustifiable risk.


1999 Atlantic Championship, Final points standings, Driver, C2-Class championship
Points system see above. But additional points only awarded for the fastest qualifier. No additional point awarded to the driver leading the most laps.


1999 Atlantic Championship, Final points standings, Driver, C2-Class championship
No more competitors in C2-class. Four races without a single entry.


1999 Atlantic Coast Conference Baseball Tournament
The 1999 Atlantic Coast Conference Baseball Tournament was held at the Durham Bulls Athletic Park in Durham, North Carolina, USA from May 18 through May 22. Wake Forest won the tournament and earned the Atlantic Coast Conference's automatic bid to the 1999 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament.


1999 Atlantic Coast Conference Baseball Tournament, Tournament, Main bracket, Seeding procedure
On Saturday (The Semifinals) of the ACC Baseball Tournament, the match-up between the four remaining teams is determined by previous opponents. If teams have played previously in the tournament, every attempt will be made to avoid a repeat match-up between teams, regardless of seed. If it is impossible to avoid a match-up that already occurred, then the determination is based on avoiding the most recent, current tournament match-up, regardless of seed. If no match-ups have occurred, the team left in the winners bracket will play the lowest seeded team from the losers bracket.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season
The 1999 Atlantic hurricane season had five Category 4 hurricanes – the highest number recorded in a single season in the Atlantic basin, previously tied in 1961, and later tied in 2005 and 2020. The season officially began on June 1, and ended on November 30. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin. It was a fairly active season, mostly due to a persistent La Niña that developed in the latter half of 1998. The first storm, Arlene, formed on June 11 to the southeast of Bermuda. It meandered slowly for a week and caused no impact on land. Other tropical cyclones that did not affect land were Hurricane Cindy, Tropical Storm Emily, and Tropical Depression Twelve. Localized or otherwise minor damage occurred from Hurricanes Bret, Gert, and Jose, Tropical Storms Harvey and Katrina.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season
The most significant storm of the season was Hurricane Floyd, a strong Category 4 hurricane that caused devastating flooding along the East Coast of the United States, especially in North Carolina. Damage from the storm totaled approximately $6.5 billion (1999 USD) and there were at least 77 fatalities, making it the deadliest hurricane in the United States since Hurricane Agnes in 1972. Flooding from Floyd in North Carolina followed Hurricane Dennis, a slow and erratic–moving storm that dropped heavy rainfall in the eastern portion of the state.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season
Tropical Depression Eleven in October contributed to extreme flooding in Mexico, which left 636 people dead and caused $491.3 million in damage, though impact could not be distinguished from the storm itself. Hurricane Irene caused extensive flooding in Cuba and Florida, with lesser effects in the Bahamas and North Carolina. Irene was the second–costliest storm of the season, with about $800 million in damage. Hurricane Lenny was an unusual eastward–moving storm in the Caribbean Sea and a strong late–season storm. It caused extensive damage in the Lesser Antilles in the month of November. Collectively, the storms of the 1999 Atlantic hurricane season caused at least 123 fatalities and $8.328 billion in losses.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Seasonal forecasts, Pre-season outlooks
Ahead of and during each hurricane season, various national meteorological services, scientific agencies, and noted hurricane experts issue forecasts of hurricane activity. These include forecasters from the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s National Hurricane and Climate Prediction Center's, William M. Gray and his associates at Colorado State University (CSU), as well as Weather Research Center (WRC) and Tropical Storm Risk (TSR), then known as TSUNAMI. The forecasts include weekly or monthly assessments of the significant factors that help determine the number of tropical storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes within a particular year.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Seasonal forecasts, Pre-season outlooks
Gray and his team at CSU issued their initial season outlook on December 4, 1998, predicting fourteen named storms, nine hurricanes, and four major hurricanes. The three main factors for this above average season forecast cited included a continuation of abnormally warm sea surface temperatures, the probability that La Niña conditions would remain, and that the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) winds would be in a westerly phase. Early in 1999, WRC issued its forecast for the season, projecting ten named storms and six hurricanes, but no prediction on the number of major hurricanes. In subsequent outlooks from Gray and his associates in April, June, and August, the predictions were unchanged.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Seasonal forecasts, Pre-season outlooks
On April 7, CSU noted that the probability of a major hurricane landfall in the United States was 72%, including a 54% chance on the East Coast and a 40% likelihood on the Gulf Coast. In their outlook on May 27, experts at NOAA noted that an above average season was a strong possibility. An addition to a La Niña, vertical wind shear would be decreased across much of the Caribbean Sea and tropical Atlantic Ocean, and a favorable jet pattern for tropical waves to develop into tropical cyclones. On June 1, TSR predicted that there would be 12 named storms, 7 hurricanes, and 2 major hurricanes.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Seasonal forecasts, Pre-season outlooks
As stated by NOAA and CSU, an average Atlantic hurricane season between 1981–2010 contains roughly 12 tropical storms, 6 hurricanes, 3 major hurricanes, and an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) Index of 66–103 units. NOAA typically categorizes a season as either above-average, average, of below-average based on the cumulative ACE Index; however, the number of tropical storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes within a hurricane season is considered occasionally as well.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Seasonal summary
The Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1999, and the first tropical cyclone developed on June 11. It was an above–average season in which 16 tropical cyclones formed. Twelve depressions attained tropical storm status, and eight of these became hurricanes. Five hurricanes intensified further into major hurricanes. The season featured a record-breaking five Category 4 hurricanes, later tied in 2005 and 2020. These were Bret, Cindy, Floyd, Gert, and Hurricane Lenny. The last storm of the season, Hurricane Lenny, dissipated on November 23, which was about a week before the official season ending on November 30, 1999.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Seasonal summary
A persistent La Niña that developed during the previous season was attributed to the above average activity. Between August and October, there was very low wind shear over the Caribbean Sea and western Atlantic Ocean, attributed to a combination of abnormal upper-level easterly winds and low-level westerly winds. Six hurricanes and two tropical storms made landfall during the season and caused at least 123 deaths and approximately $8.19 billion in damage. Hurricane Gert also caused damage and fatalities, despite not making landfall.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Seasonal summary
Overall, the season's activity was reflected with a high cumulative accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 177. ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. It is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 34 knots (39 mph, 63 km/h) or tropical storm strength.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Arlene
Along a diffuse front, a broad area of low pressure in association with an upper-level low was noted several hundred miles northeast of Puerto Rico on June 8. After the circulation reformed within the area of stronger convection, the NHC estimated that Tropical Depression One developed at 18:00 UTC on June 11 about 535 mi (860 km) southeast of Bermuda. Initially, the system resembled a subtropical cyclone, due to its frontal characteristics.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Arlene
The nascent depression drifted northward for 24 hours, and during this time, it strengthened and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Arlene at 12:00 UTC on June 12, based on Dvorak satellite classifications. The storm intensified further to its peak intensity at 00:00 UTC on June 13, with estimated maximum sustained winds of 60 mph (95 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 1,006 mbar (29.7 inHg), based on ship reports and satellite. Subsequently, weakening due to westerly wind shear, Arlene tracking westward on June 13 and turned northwest the following day.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Arlene
Because the steering current became poorly defined, it drifted starting on June 15, and executed a small cyclonic loop later that day. At 00:00 UTC on June 17, Arlene was downgraded to a tropical depression. Later that day, it passed about 115 mi (185 km) east of Bermuda, where gale-force winds and abnormally high tides were observed. The depression weakened further due to decreasing sea surface temperatures and dissipated early on June 18.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Depression Two
A tropical wave crossed the west coast of Africa on June 20. As the wave moved into the western Caribbean Sea on June 30, a broad cyclonic turning was noted. The system moved over the Yucatán Peninsula on July 1, a day before emerging into the Bay of Campeche as a weak low pressure area. Later on July 2, deep convection became more organized while the system was centered over the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. By 18:00 UTC, the low developed into Tropical Depression Two.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Depression Two
Around 04:00 UTC on July 3, the depression made landfall about 40 mi (65 km) south-southeast of Tuxpan, Veracruz, with winds of 35 mph (55 km/h). Eight hours later, it dissipated over the mountains of Mexico. The depression dropped heavy rain on the area amounting to a maximum of 20.37 in (517 mm) at Tanzabaca, San Luis Potosí. In some areas, up to 12.49 in (317 mm) of precipitation fell in 24 hours.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Bret
Late on August 18, a tropical wave in the Bay of Campeche spawned Tropical Depression Three. The depression drifted and was initially hampered by wind shear. By late on August 19, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Bret amid more favorable atmosphere conditions. Bret then moved generally northward and strengthened into a hurricane early on August 21. Bret strengthened significantly over the next 36 hours, peaking as a 145 mph (230 km/h) Category 4 hurricane with a minimum barometric pressure of 944 mbar (27.9 inHg) on August 22. Thereafter, the storm began to weaken while curving west-northwestward.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Bret
At 00:00 UTC on August 23, Bret made landfall in central Padre Island, Texas, as a Category 3 hurricane with winds of 115 mph (185 km/h). After moving inland, the storm weakened quickly, falling to tropical depression status on August 24. Early the following day, Bret dissipated near the border of Coahuila and Chihuahua.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Bret
Bret was a small tropical cyclone that made landfall in a sparsely–populated region of Texas, resulting in relatively little damage. Heavy rainfall in the area peaked at 13.18 in (335 mm) in Sarita. At least 200 homes and large agricultural fields were flooded in Duval County. Strong winds left approximately 64,000 people without electricity in South Texas. Four people died after a truck and a tractor collided near Laredo due to slick roads. In Mexico, the storm brought flooding to Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas, with an estimated 14 in (360 mm) of rain falling in Nuevo Leon. Numerous homes in the affected regions were damaged or destroyed, leaving roughly 150 people homeless. Three people died in Mexico – one was trampled to death during evacuation, another was electrocuted, and the third drowned. Overall, the storm caused $15 million in damage.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Cindy
On August 18, a tropical wave moved westward off the coast of Africa. With low pressures and gradually organizing convection, Tropical Depression Four developed west of Senegal early on August 19. Initially it failed to intensify due to wind shear, and the center became ill-defined on August 20. After passing south of Cape Verde, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Cindy as the convection became concentrated around the center. Due to a strong ridge, Cindy moved westward, before turning northwestward by August 21. Banding features gradually increased as outflow improved, and late on August 21, Cindy became a hurricane. Afterward, increased wind shear dislocated the convection from the center, which weakened Cindy to a tropical storm.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Cindy
By August 23, high wind shear remained, and the storm's winds decreased to 60 mph (100 km/h). The shear decreased on August 24, and the convection increased over the center. By late on August 25, Cindy regained hurricane status. A ragged eye appeared on satellite imagery on August 27, and early the next day it attained major hurricane status. Cindy turned north-northwestward, now showing a well-defined eye, and reached Category 4 intensity with winds of 140 mph (220 km/h) on August 28. Turning northward, the storm remained at peak intensity until August 30, when prominent wind shear weakened Cindy again. On August 31, Cindy was downgraded to a tropical storm, and later that day it merged with a large extratropical storm northwest of the Azores.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Dennis
Tropical Depression Five developed from a tropical wave about 220 mi (355 km) east of the Turks Islands on August 23. On the following day, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Dennis despite unfavorable westerly shear, which became a hurricane by August 26. After striking the Abaco Islands in the Bahama, conditions improved, allowing for Dennis to strengthen into a Category 2 by August 28. Around this time, Dennis began to move parallel to the Southeastern United States.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Dennis
Early on August 30, the storm peaked with maximum sustained winds of 105 mph (165 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 962 mbar (28.4 inHg). By the following day, steering currents collapsed and the storm interacted with a cold front, causing Dennis to move erratically offshore North Carolina. Wind shear and cold air associated with the front weakened Dennis to a tropical storm on September 1 and removed some of its tropical characteristics. Eventually, warmer ocean temperatures caused some re-strengthening. By September 4, Dennis turned northwestward and made landfall in Cape Lookout, North Carolina, as a strong tropical storm. The storm slowly weakened inland, before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone over western New York on September 7.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Dennis
In the Bahamas, Dennis produced moderate winds, rain, and storm surge on San Salvador, Crooked Island, Eleuthera, and Abaco Islands, resulting in damage to roofs and coastal properties. Dennis brought 6–8 ft (1.8–2.4 m) waves to the east coast of Florida, causing minor erosion and four drowning deaths. The waves left severe erosion and coastal flooding along the Outer Banks of North Carolina. An 8 ft (2.4 m) deep channel created along Highway 12 isolated three towns on Hatteras Island. In Carteret, Craven, and Dare counties, the storm damaged at least 2,025 homes and businesses to some degree.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Dennis
Heavy rainfall, peaking at 19.91 in (506 mm) at Ocracoke, fell in eastern North Carolina. Although the precipitation was generally beneficial due to drought conditions, it also damaged crops. Two indirect deaths occurred in Richlands during a weather-related car accident. Similar inland flooding occurred in northern and eastern Virginia, with precipitation reaching 10.21 in (259 mm) near Lawrenceville. A tornado in Hampton severely damaged five apartment complexes, three of which were condemned completely, as well an assisted living facility; about 460 people were forced to evacuate from the buildings, and as many as 800 vehicles may have been damaged. Overall damage in North Carolina and Virginia totaled about $157 million. Generally minor flooding occurred in the Mid-Atlantic and New England.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Emily
A tropical wave ahead of Hurricane Cindy exited the west coast of Africa on August 15. Minimal development occurred initially, although the structure gradually organized as it approached the Windward Islands. By 06:00 UTC on August 24, the NHC estimated that a tropical depression developed about 470 mi (760 km) east-northeast of Tobago. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Emily six hours later. At 1800 UTC on August 24, Emily attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 50 mph (85 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 1,004 mbar (29.6 inHg).


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Emily
The NHC did not initiate advisories until 2100 UTC, when a reconnaissance aircraft observed winds of 63 mph (101 km/h) in association with the small circulation of Emily. The agency initially predicted that the storm would intensify into a hurricane near the Windward Islands. Increased wind shear generated by Hurricane Cindy caused Emily to weaken slightly on August 25. Emily began moving slowly northwestward and progressively became more influenced by Cindy, developing occasional convective bursts. Later on August 26, the movement turned northward, well offshore the Lesser Antilles. Eventually, the storm no longer produced convective bursts, and by 12:00 UTC on August 28, Emily weakened to a tropical depression. Six hours later, the storm was absorbed into Cindy northeast of the Leeward Islands.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Depression Seven
Interaction between a strong monsoon-type flow and a tropical wave in the Bay of Campeche resulted in the development of Tropical Depression Seven on September 5. By 00:00 UTC on September 6, the depression attained maximum sustained winds of 35 mph (55 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 1,006 mbar (29.7 inHg). Shortly thereafter, the center of circulation of the depression became difficult to locate, but was likely heading north-northwestward. Due to warm ocean temperatures, the SHIPS model predicted further intensification, despite the storm having almost no deep convection and being close to land.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Depression Seven
At 12:00 UTC on September 6, the depression made landfall near La Pesca, Tamaulipas, with winds of 35 mph (55 km/h). The depression quickly weakened inland, and dissipated about twenty-four hours after landfall. Due to forecasts that the depression would strengthen to a tropical storm, the government of Mexico issued a tropical storm warning for Tampico to Matamoros, Tamaulipas. The storm caused heavy rainfall in Mexico, with as much as 17.43 in (443 mm) falling in Ciudad Mante in the state of Tamaulipas. In Texas, the depression produced light rainfall, peaking at 3.35 in (85 mm) in Harlingen.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Floyd
A westward moving tropical wave developed into a tropical depression while located about 1,000 mi (1,600 km) east of the Lesser Antilles on September 7. The depression strengthened and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Floyd on the following day. Floyd became a hurricane on September 10, while curving northwestward, before the storm resumed its initial west-northwestward course late on the following day. Significant intensification occurred on September 12 and September 13. At 12:00 UTC on the latter date, Floyd peaked with maximum sustained winds of 155 mph (250 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 921 mbar (27.2 inHg).


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Floyd
Thereafter, the storm began weakening while approaching the Bahamas, decreasing to Category 3 intensity at 06:00 UTC on September 14. Six hours later, Floyd made landfall near Alice Town on Eleuthera with winds of 120 mph (195 km/h), around the time that the cyclone began moving north-northwestward. Shortly before striking the Abaco Islands at 19:00 UTC, the hurricane re-intensified into a Category 4 hurricane. Early on September 15, Floyd weakened to a Category 3 hurricane and passed 110 mi (180 km) offshore Florida. Floyd weakened to a Category 2 hurricane late on September 15, while re-curving to the north-northeast.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Floyd
At 16:30 UTC on September 16, Floyd made landfall near Cape Fear, North Carolina, with winds of 105 mph (170 km/h). Thereafter, the storm rapidly weakened and was a tropical storm by early on the following day. Floyd moved along the coasts of the Delmarva Peninsula and New Jersey, before striking Long Island in New York early on September 17. Shortly thereafter, Floyd transitioned into an extratropical cyclone while interacting with a frontal zone over Maine.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Floyd
In the Bahamas, a combination of strong winds and storm surge destroyed numerous restaurants, hotels, shops, and homes, and left tens of thousands without water, electricity, and food. One death was reported. Although millions of people in Florida evacuated, damage was relatively minor. The outer bands of Floyd produced up to 3.2 in (81 mm) of rain and tropical storm force winds. As a result, hundreds of trees were downed, which damaged at 467 houses, and several hotels and businesses. Impact in Georgia and South Carolina was minor. North Carolina bore the brunt of the storm.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Floyd
Heavy precipitation fell in the eastern portion of the state, peaking at 24.06 in (611 mm) near Southport. Numerous rivers experienced at least 500-year floods, causing extensive flooding. About 7,000 homes were destroyed and an additional 56,000 suffered damage, of which 17,000 houses were left uninhabitable. At the height of the storm, more than 500,000 people lacked electricity. Thirty-five fatalities and about $4 billion in damage occurred in North Carolina.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Floyd
Flooding in Virginia damaged about 182 businesses and 9,250 houses, and left about 12 ft (3.7 m) of standing water in Franklin. There were three deaths and $101 million in losses. In Maryland, flooding damaged at least 694 homes, impacted numerous bridges and roads, and left over 250,000 residents without power. Similar effects occurred in Delaware, with at least 171 houses damaged and numerous roads being inundated or washed out. In Pennsylvania, flash flooding affected over 10,000 homes and left more than 500,000 people without electricity. Losses reached $60 million and there were 13 deaths in the state.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Floyd
The storm also caused significant impact in New Jersey, where 3,978 homes, 1,358 apartments, and 1,758 businesses were destroyed or suffered major damage. Six deaths occurred in the state. New York, New England, and Atlantic Canada also experienced flooding, but to a much lesser degree. In New York City, Floyd dropped 5.02 in (128 mm) of rainfall at the Central Park observatory, setting a daily record for precipitation on September 16. Overall, Floyd caused about $6.5 billion in damage and 73 fatalities.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Gert
On September 10, a tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa. Due to the development of a low-level circulation and convective banding, the wave became a tropical depression at 12:00 UTC on September 11 to the south of the Cape Verde islands. After increases in intensity, banding features, and outflow improvement, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Gert on September 12 while moving west-northwestward to the south of a subtropical ridge. Warm ocean temperatures and an anticyclone aloft allowed Gert to reach hurricane intensity by the following day. Early on September 15, Gert attained major hurricane strength.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Gert
After reaching Category 4 status that day, Gert strengthened further, peaking with maximum sustained winds of 150 mph (240 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 930 mbar (27 inHg) on September 16. An eyewall replacement cyclone, as well as increasing wind shear and an upper-level trough restricting outflow later on, Gert weakened to a low-end Category 3 on September 18.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Gert
Gert re-strengthened to a Category 4 hurricane on September 19. However, dry air and colder sea surface temperatures began causing the storm to weaken, with Gert falling to a Category 3 hurricane on September 20 and a Category 2 hurricane on September 21. That day, the hurricane passed about 135 mi (215 km) east of Bermuda. Accelerating northeastward under the influence of an approaching trough, Gert weakened to a tropical storm on September 23 after convection decreased around the center.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Gert
By 12:00 UTC on September 23, convection diminished enough that the storm transitioned into an extratropical cyclone while situated about 55 mi (90 km) southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland. About six hours later, the remnants of Gert were absorbed by a larger extratropical storm. For several days, Gert threatened to strike Bermuda, prompting the evacuation of tourists. Although Gert's center did not make landfall, it passed a short distance east of the island, producing hurricane-force winds that left 11,000 people without power. High waves swept two people out to sea at Acadia National Park in Maine. Later, strong waves struck Newfoundland and left heavy marine damage, with about $1.9 million in damage done to a wharf along the Avalon Peninsula.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Harvey
A tropical wave that emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa on September 4 reached the Gulf of Mexico by September 18. Following an increase in convection, the system became a tropical depression at 06:00 UTC on September 19. The depression initially tracked due northward and strengthened into Tropical Storm Harvey by early on September 20. Harvey gradually intensified further and 24 hours after the upgrade, the storm peaked with winds of 60 mph (95 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 994 mbar (29.4 inHg).


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Harvey
Thereafter, no significant change in intensity occurred before the storm made landfall in Everglades City, Florida, late on September 21. Harvey then accelerated across Florida and by early on September 22, merged with a developing extratropical low while located near Grand Bahama. The remnants reached Atlantic Canada before dissipating on September 24.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Harvey
In Florida, precipitation peaked at 10.24 in (260 mm) in Naples. As a result, at least 34 houses and businesses were flooded. There were sporadic reports of tropical storm-force winds throughout the state,  as well as two tornadoes, neither of which caused left severe impact. Damage estimates in Florida reached about $15 million. Throughout the rest of the United States, impact was limited, confined to light rainfall in Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Harvey
Heavy precipitation was reported in Atlantic Canada, with 11.89 in (302 mm) of rain falling in Oxford, Nova Scotia, making Harvey the wettest tropical cyclone or remnants on record in that country. Significant flooding, especially to roads and houses, was reported throughout Atlantic Canada, with damage totaling at least $7.6 million.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Depression Eleven
Until a westward moving tropical wave reached the western Caribbean Sea on September 30, minimal organization occurred. The system eventually emerged into the Gulf of Mexico and developed into Tropical Depression Eleven on October 4. Weak steering current caused the depression to drift slowly and erratically, with the depression initially heading southward, before curving northwest. A surface trough over the central and eastern Gulf of Mexico prevented significant strengthening.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Depression Eleven
The depression remained below tropical storm intensity, attaining its peak intensity on October 5, with maximum sustained winds of 35 mph (55 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 1,002 mbar (29.6 inHg). While approaching the Gulf Coast of Mexico, the depression was absorbed by the surface trough at 18:00 UTC on October 6.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Depression Eleven
The depression and its remnants contributed significantly to an ongoing flood in Mexico, bring up to 43.23 in (1,098 mm) of rain to Jalacingo, Veracruz. Throughout Mexico, 90,000 houses were damaged or destroyed, leaving about 500,000 people homeless. and more than 400 people dead. Flooding caused thousands of landslides and 39 rivers to overflow, leading to the destruction of bridges, houses, widespread crop fields, schools, and electrical networks. Flooding also extended into Central America in late September through early October, causing $40 million (385 million pesos) in crop damage and 70 deaths. However, impact by the depression itself cannot be distinguished.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Depression Twelve
On September 30, a tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic Ocean from the west coast of Africa. It slowly began to organize during the next several days and by early on October 6, developed into Tropical Depression Twelve while located about 1,075 mi (1,730 km) east of Martinique. Due to an anticyclone, conditions appeared favorable for significant strengthening, with the National Hurricane Center predicting the depression to be at least a strong tropical storm by October 9. However, wind shear began undercutting the anticyclone, which prevented any significant intensification.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Depression Twelve
Later on October 6, the low-level circulation became exposed to the west of the deep convection. The depression never re-organized and instead deteriorated in structure due to shearing. Despite a burst in convection on October 8, the depression dissipated at 18:00 UTC while located about 875 mi (1,410 km) east-northeast of Barbuda.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Irene
A broad trough of low pressure developed into a tropical depression while south of the Isle of Youth on October 12. It headed north and soon intensified into Tropical Storm Irene. On October 14, the storm passed over the Isle of Youth and western Cuba. While over the Straits of Florida, Irene reached hurricane strength. The next day, it made landfall in Key West, Florida, and again near Cape Sable. Later on October 15, Irene moved back over water near Jupiter as a minimal hurricane. It slowly strengthened as it paralleled the East Coast of the United States.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Irene
When Irene interacted with a trough from the west, while over the warm Gulf Stream waters, the hurricane rapidly intensified and attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds 110 mph (180 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 958 mbar (28.3 inHg) on October 18. However, after accelerating northeast, Irene weakened over the cooler waters of the North Atlantic. On October 19, the hurricane transitioned into an extratropical cyclone near Newfoundland and was absorbed by an extratropical low shortly thereafter.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Irene
Irene dropped heavy rainfall throughout its path, especially in Cuba and Florida. Rainfall on Cuba peaked at 35.6 in (905 mm) in Manaca-Iznaga, while the rest of the island reported more than 7 in (178 mm). Flooding resulted from the heavy rains, damaging more than 27,000 homes and causing significant effects to banana plantations and sugar cane fields. Hurricane forces winds were also reported in Havana. Four fatalities were reported. The storm brought flooding to Florida, particularly the southern portion of the state, where 17.45 in (443 mm) of rain fell in Boynton Beach.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Irene
Hundreds were displaced from their homes and thousands were isolated. Five people died from walking through electrified water after a power line fell, while three others drowned after unintentionally driving their vehicle into a canal. Total damage in Florida was around $800 million. The hurricane left five deaths in the Bahamas, one direct and four indirect. Irene also contributed slightly to ongoing flood problems in North Carolina in the aftermath of Hurricane Floyd.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Jose
A tropical wave entered the Atlantic on October 8 and developed into a tropical depression while located 700 mi (1,100 km) east of the Windward Islands on October 17. The depression strengthened and by early on October 18, it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Jose. Intensification continued as Jose tracked west-northwestward and Jose reached hurricane status late on October 19. The storm became a Category 2 hurricane, though unfavorable conditions weakened it back.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Jose
Later on October 21, Jose began moving through the Lesser Antilles as a Category 1 and fell to tropical storm intensity before reentering the Atlantic later that day. While north of Puerto Rico on October 22, Jose re-curved northeastward. The storm eventually began to accelerate and re-strengthen, reaching hurricane status again on October 24. After twelve hours as a hurricane, colder sea surface temperatures weakened Jose to a tropical storm on October 25, shortly before it became extratropical.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Jose
The worst of the effects from Jose occurred in Antigua and Barbuda, as winds up to 102 mph (164 km/h) were reported. About 500 houses and a newly built church were destroyed. About 50% of residents were left without water and 90% of people experienced power outages. Overall, twelve people were injured, one fatality occurred, and an elderly blind man was listed as missing. Flooding in Saint Kitts and Nevis washed out several major roads and caused landslides. Additionally, one person was killed during the storm.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Jose
In Sint Maarten, mudslides and flooding damaged houses and roads, especially those in low-lying areas. Nearly 15 in (380 mm) of rain and winds up to 100 mph (160 km/h) in Anguilla left roads impassable and power outages, and damaged houses, crops, and shipping facilities. Strong winds and heavy rainfall in Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands caused extensive power outages and minor damage, estimated at $40,000. Overall, losses from the storm was less than $5 million.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Katrina
A broad area of low pressure associated with remnants of a cold front developed into Tropical Depression Fifteen in the southwestern Caribbean Sea on October 28. Twenty-four hours later, it strengthened into Tropical Storm Katrina. The storm made near landfall Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua, on October 30. Later that day, Katrina weakened back to a tropical depression. It continued northwestward across Nicaragua and Honduras, before reemerging into the Caribbean Sea off the coast of Honduras on October 31. However, Katrina did not re-intensify and moved inland over the Yucatán Peninsula later that day. While approaching the Gulf of Mexico, Katrina was absorbed by a cold front on November 1.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Katrina
Katrina dropped heavy rainfall across, which was reported between 10 and 15 in (250 to 375 mm) throughout Nicaragua and Honduras. As a result of the flooding, roughly 1,200 people were evacuated to emergency shelters in Honduras. Flooding also damage five bridges in Honduras, and the cities of Tocoa and Trujillo were isolated as the Aguán and Siline rivers overflowed their banks. Katrina also destroyed water pipes that were replaced shortly after destruction from Hurricane Mitch. Shortly before dissipating, Katrina dropped moderate rainfall across the Yucatán Peninsula and eastern Mexico, peaking at 6.32 in (161 mm) in Cunduacán.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Lenny
A low pressure area developed into a tropical depression about 175 mi (280 km) south of the Cayman Islands at 18:00 UTC on November 13. The depression began to move in an unusual eastward track across the Caribbean Sea along the southern periphery of a trough and strengthened into Tropical Storm Lenny on the following day. It attained hurricane status south of Jamaica on November 15 and passed south of Hispaniola and Puerto Rico over the next few days.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Lenny
Beginning on November 16, Lenny underwent rapid deepening, becoming a major hurricane early on November 17 while south of the Mona Passage. Later that day, Lenny peaked as a Category 4 hurricane with winds of 155 mph (250 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 933 mbar (27.6 inHg) while near Saint Croix. It gradually weakened due to wind shear while moving through the Leeward Islands, where it struck Saint Martin, Anguilla, and Saint Barthélemy. The system weakened to a tropical storm on November 19. After clearing the islands, Lenny deteriorated to a tropical depression on November 21 and dissipated on November 23, while located about 690 mi (1,110 km) east of the Lesser Antilles.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Lenny
Before moving through the Lesser Antilles, Lenny produced rough surf that killed two people in northern Colombia. Strong winds and rainfall resulted in heavy crop damage in southeastern Puerto Rico. Lenny brought more heavy rains to areas in the Leeward Islands that had been affected by Hurricane Jose just one month earlier, and brought more damage to areas struck by Hurricane Georges in 1998. Despite the hurricane's passage near Saint Croix at peak intensity, damage on the small island was only described as "moderate", although there was widespread flooding and erosion.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Lenny
Damage in the United States territories totaled about $330 million. The highest precipitation total was 34.12 in (867 mm) at the police station on the French side of Saint Martin. On the island, the hurricane killed three people and destroyed more than 200 properties. In nearby Antigua and Barbuda, the hurricane killed one person; torrential rainfall there contaminated the local water supply. Significant storm damage occurred as far south as Grenada, where high surf isolated towns from the capital city.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Storm names
The following names were used during the 1999 Atlantic hurricane season in North Atlantic for systems that reached at least tropical storm intensity. It is the same list used for the 1993 season. A storm was named Lenny for the first (and only) time in 1999. Names that were not assigned are marked in gray.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Storm names, Retirement
The World Meteorological Organization retired the names Floyd and Lenny in the spring of 2000 and replaced them with Franklin and Lee for use in the 2005 season.


1999 Atlantic hurricane season, Season effects
This is a table of the storms in 1999 and their landfall(s), if any. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but are still storm-related. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical or a wave or low.


1999 Auburn Tigers football team
The 1999 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. Under first-year head coach Tommy Tuberville, Auburn finished the season with a record of 5–6, including a Southeastern Conference record of 2–6.


1999 Auckland Warriors season
The Auckland Warriors 1999 season was the Auckland Warriors 5th first-grade season. The club competed in Australasia's National Rugby League. The coach of the team was Mark Graham while Matthew Ridge was the club's captain.


1999 Auckland Warriors season, Jersey & Sponsors
For 1999 the Warriors again used a similar style of jersey, produced by Nike, Inc., with Vodafone the shirt sponsor and Bartercard as sleeve sponsor.


1999 Auckland Warriors season, Sale to Tainui
Between the 1998 and 1999 seasons the Auckland Rugby League sold the Auckland Warriors to a consortium that included majority investor the Tainui tribe as well as Graham Lowe and Malcolm Boyle. The new owners cleaned out the management and coaching structures and also straightened the tongue on the Warriors logo, as a curved tongue is believed to be cursed in Māori culture.


1999 Auckland Warriors season, Sale to Tainui
The consortium paid $2 million in cash, $1.5 million in deferred settlement over three years and an annual development grant of $250,000. The Auckland Rugby League was forced to write off the deferred settlement in 2000 when the Auckland Warriors folded and the assets were purchased by the New Zealand Warriors.


1999 Auckland Warriors season, Fixtures
The Warriors used Ericsson Stadium as their home ground in 1999, their only home ground since they entered the competition in 1995.


1999 Auckland Warriors season, Squad
Thirty two players were used by the Warriors in 1999, including eight players making their first grade debuts.