1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Rachel
A tropical disturbance formed within a monsoon trough just off the Chinese coast on August 6. The disturbance strengthened and became Tropical Storm Rachel as it moved east towards Taiwan. Rachel weakened back into a depression before it made landfall on the island and it dissipated over the Chungyang mountains on August 7. The remnants moved northeast into the East China Sea and the system redeveloped into a tropical depression the next day as it approached Okinawa. Rachel briefly became a minimal tropical storm for a second time as it approached the Japanese island, before it turned to the northwest. The storm entered an increasingly unfavorable environment and rapidly weakened on August 9.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Depression 14W
Tropical Depression 14W formed 120 km (75 mi) to the north of Iwo Jima on August 8. The depression, which had an exposed circulation center, moved to the north under the influence of a subtropical ridge over northern Japan. On August 9 it turned to the northwest and accelerated before its landfall near Owase the next day, with 45 km/h (30 mph) winds. The depression weakened as it passed north over Honshū and dissipated shortly after moving over the Sea of Japan.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Depression 15W
A tropical disturbance developed in the East China Sea on August 15 and gradually drifted towards Kyūshū. It intensified as it did so, becoming Tropical Depression 15W the next day. The fourth warning from the JTWC repositioned the cyclone much closer to the Kyūshū coast, where it made landfall near Ushibuka on August 17. The depression then drifted over Kyūshū and entered the Sea of Japan later that day, where it weakened. The storm became extratropical on August 18, but its remnants were recognizable for a further two days.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Sam (Luding)
On August 17, an area of circulation within the monsoon trough located in the Philippine Sea became more organized and the JTWC issued a TCFA. The developing cyclone slowly moved to the northwest, becoming Tropical Depression 16W nine hours after the TCFA was first issued. As the cyclone continued to intensify, it became Tropical Storm Sam on August 19. Around this time, the subtropical ridge to Sam's north shifted its track in a westwards direction towards Luzon.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Sam (Luding)
The storm passed over the north of the island on August 20 and entered the South China Sea reaching typhoon strength the next day. Sam gradually intensified further as it approached the Chinese coast and it made landfall about 19 km (12 mi) to the northeast of Hong Kong at its peak with 140 km/h (85 mph) winds on August 22. Sam continued to move to the northwest over China dissipating about 24 hours later. PAGASA named the developing storm Luding shortly before the JTWC began to issue advisories.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Sam (Luding)
Typhoon Sam was responsible for seven deaths in the Philippines. In addition, flooding from its rainfall displaced over 4000 people, and many major roads were closed due to landslides near Baguio. Sam became the wettest tropical cyclone to affect Hong Kong since records began in 1884, dropping over 616 mm (24.2 inches) of rain, exceeding the previous record set in 1926. Peak sustained winds of 96 km/h (60 mph) were recorded on Waglan Island as the typhoon passed over the territory.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Sam (Luding)
The heavy rain led to many instances of flooding and over 150 landslides throughout Hong Kong, killing 1 person and forcing the evacuation of about 1,000. A total of 328 people were injured in various incidents relating to the storm, and total losses in Hong Kong totaled to approximately $17 million. In addition to the direct casualties from the storm, China Airlines Flight 642, using an MD-11 aircraft, crashed while attempting to land at Hong Kong International Airport, killing three on board and injuring 219. At the time of the crash wind gusts in excess of 65 km/h (40 mph) were recorded at the airport. After moving into China, Sam killed at least 17 and injured 100 people in Guangdong. Direct economic losses in the province were about $18 million.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Tanya
On August 19, Tropical Depression 17-W formed at a usually high latitude of over 30°N from a westwards moving low pressure area. The compact system intensified as it moved west under the influence of the subtropical ridge to the north, with the JTWC upgrading it to Tropical Storm Tanya early the next day. Tanya continued to slowly intensify, reaching its peak as a 130 km/h (80 mph) typhoon on August 22. The next day Tanya began to recurve through a weakness in the ridge to its north and increasing wind shear weakened the storm. The storm weakened further as it began to transition into an extratropical storm and the JTWC issued the final warning on the cyclone on August 24.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Tanya
The JMA also monitored Tanya and made it a severe tropical storm at its peak. Post-season analysis increased the initial intensity of the system, making it a tropical storm before the JTWC began to issue full advisories on Tanya. Typhoon Tanya had no effects on land.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Dora
Hurricane Dora, the strongest storm of the 1999 Pacific hurricane season, crossed the International Date Line and entered the western Pacific on August 19. The final advisory from the Central Pacific Hurricane Center was written while Dora was still in the eastern Pacific as a minimal hurricane. As the storm crossed the Date Line, the JTWC assumed responsibility for the storm and downgraded it to a tropical storm on its first advisory. Once in the West Pacific, Tropical Storm Dora turned towards the northwest and weakened further as wind shear increased. Dora weakened to a tropical depression on August 22 well to the north of Wake Island and drifted to the north before dissipating the next day.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Dora
Dora became the first storm since 1994's John to have existed in all three Pacific basins, and no significant damage was caused by the system anywhere along its path.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Depression 18W
On August 21, a small tropical cyclone developed at the southern end of a westward moving shearline about 1,200 km (750 mi) to the east of Tokyo. The depression strengthened slightly to its peak with 55 km/h (35 mph) the next day, before increasing vertical shear took its toll on the system. The increasingly exposed low level circulation of the storm accelerated to the north, towards the frontal system from which it had formed. Finally, Tropical Depression 18W became extratropical on August 24 to the east of Japan.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Virgil
A tropical disturbance developed at the end of a shear line to the north of Iwo Jima on August 23. Vertical shear began to weaken and the JTWC began to issue advisories on Tropical Depression 19W the next day. The storm turned to the southwest and rapidly intensified on August 25, strengthening from a tropical depression to its peak as a 130 km/h (80 mph) typhoon in 12 hours. Virgil maintained typhoon strength for over a day before it entered a highly sheared environment in which it began to weaken again. Under the influence of a passing frontal system, the motion of the dissipating cyclone turned clockwise to the northeast. The storm dissipated on August 29 over water having never approached land. The JMA monitored Typhoon Virgil and made it a minimal severe tropical storm at its peak.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Wendy (Mameng)
Late in August, a broad area of convection developed over a low pressure area in the Philippine Sea to the east of Luzon. The JTWC issued a TCFA for the developing system on August 31, and the disturbance developed into Tropical Depression 20W on September 1 as it moved to the west. The depression did not intensify as it moved to the northwest, brushing the northeast tip of Luzon on September 2. After entering the South China Sea, the system turned more to the west and reached its peak as a 75 km/h (45 mph) tropical storm.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Wendy (Mameng)
It maintained this intensity until it made landfall in China 220 km (140 mi) east-northeast of Hong Kong on September 3. The storm moved inland and dissipated soon after. Both the JMA and PAGASA monitored Tropical Storm Wendy, with PAGASA naming this storm Mameng. PAGASA considered Wendy to have stronger winds than the JTWC, despite the fact that PAGASA uses a 10-minute averaging period to measure sustained winds, which generally results in a lower speed.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Wendy (Mameng)
Tropical Storm Wendy fueled severe rain over much of southern China in the week after it made landfall, with amounts as high as 500 mm (20 inches) recorded in northern Jiangxi and southern Zhejiang. At least 118 people were killed  and over 2,600 people were injured; the province of Wenzhou was significantly impacted by Wendy's effects. Over 500,000 people had to be evacuated, over 2.2 million people had been affected by the storm and a local government spokesman called it "the most serious storm in a century". The direct economic damage in the region exceeded $275 million (1999 USD). Whilst mainland China was severely affected by Wendy, the storm only had a minimal impact in Hong Kong.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm York (Neneng)
A tropical disturbance developed on September 10, in the western Philippine Sea but initially failed to develop as it interacted with Luzon. The disturbance passed over Luzon and entered the South China Sea, where it became more organized and developed into Tropical Depression 21W late on September 11. The system gradually strengthened as it moved northwest towards the Chinese coastline, reaching its peak as a 130 km/h (80 mph) typhoon as it turned towards Hong Kong on September 16. York made landfall to the west of Hong Kong soon after and dissipated into a low pressure area over China the next day. Both the JMA and PAGASA monitored York as a tropical storm, with PAGASA naming the system Neneng.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm York (Neneng)
As the developing depression was crossing the Philippines, it brought heavy showers of up to 400 mm (16 inches), which caused some flooding in the Cagayan Valley Eighteen people were killed in landslides in northern Luzon. As Typhoon York approached and landed on Hong Kong's Lantau Island, the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) raised the No. 10 warning for the first time since 1983 and maintained it for 11 hours, the longest hoisting period on record.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm York (Neneng)
The peak sustained winds of 150 km/h (95 mph) were recorded on Waglan Island and the peak gusts of 234 km/h (146 mph) were the highest on record there. A total of 300 mm (12 inches) of rain fell on the territory as York passed directly over it and the resulting floods had a severe effect on agriculture throughout Hong Kong. Two people died in the storm and over 500 were injured, 11 seriously. Some 18,000 homes lost power in the wake of the storm and 4,000 trees were uprooted. Damage from York in Hong Kong exceeded $10 million (USD), and economic losses from the storm reached several billion Hong Kong dollars (HKD). Transport in the territory was severely disrupted, with 470 flights cancelled and 80,000 passengers affected.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm York (Neneng)
Two ships ran aground and a cargo ship sank, but all the crew were successfully rescued. One person was injured in Macau and 120 incidents related to the storm were reported there. After passing over Hong Kong, York killed 15 and injured 700 in Guangdong, with economic losses there exceeding $24 million (USD). Ten thousand people were left stranded by flooding in China after the storm and more than 10,000 trees were uprooted in Shenzhen.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Zia
The JTWC began to track a disturbance in a monsoon trough to the west of the Marianas Islands on September 11. The disturbance moved to the north without any significant development until September 13, when the outflow of the system markedly improved and it soon developed into a tropical depression to the east of Okinawa. The depression strengthened further becoming Tropical Storm Zia later that day as it approached Kyūshū. Zia peaked with 85 km/h (50 mph) winds as it made landfall on the island on September 14. The storm turned to the northeast and tracked over Japan and dissipated over central Honshū the next day.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Zia
Tropical Storm Zia brought heavy rain to western Japan, which exceeded 500 mm (7.9 inches) in places. The resulting flooding and landslides prompted evacuations of over 14,000 people and stranded over 1,300 tourists in a Japanese mountain resort. Nine people died in Japan as a result of Tropical Storm Zia.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Ann
Tropical Depression 23W formed about 165 km (103 mi) to the east of Okinawa on September 15, from a disturbance moving to the northwest under the influence of a subtropical high located on the eastern side of a monsoon trough. As the system developed it turned first to the northwest and then to the west, becoming Tropical Storm Ann a day after forming. As Ann approached the Chinese coast to the north of Shanghai on September 18, it reached its peak with 85 km/h (50 mph) winds and began to recurve to the northwest. The storm started to weaken as it entered a higher shear environment. Ann captured by a mid-level trough moving through the region and turned to the east, rapidly weakening as it crossed the Yellow Sea. The system dissipated just off the South Korean coast near Mokpo early on September 20.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Ann
Tropical Storm Ann brought moderate rain of up to 100 mm (4 inches) to Anhui, Jiangsu and Shandong on September 18. Rains of up to 200 mm (8 inches) from Ann and Typhoon Bart saturated South Korea and southwestern Japan, causing flooding and damage to rice paddies.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Bart (Oniang)
Tropical Depression 24W developed on September 17, to the east of Taiwan. The storm drifted to the northwest, becoming Tropical Storm Bart on September 19 and reaching typhoon strength the next day. Bart intensified further as it turned to the northeast under the influence of an upper-level anticyclone. Typhoon Bart reached its peak on September 22 with 260 km/h (160 mph) winds when it passed 75 km (47 mi) to the west of Okinawa, becoming the only super typhoon during the 1999 Pacific typhoon season.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Bart (Oniang)
Afterwards, Bart began to weaken slowly as it continued north towards Kyūshū, Japan, which it struck on September 23 with 185 km/h (115 mph) winds. After crossing Kyūshū and western Honshū, the storm accelerated to the northeast in the Sea of Japan, becoming extratropical shortly before it reached northern Hokkaidō. As Typhoon Bart formed in PAGASA's area of responsibility, it was named Oniang by PAGASA before moving to the north.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Bart (Oniang)
Typhoon Bart claimed at least two lives on Okinawa and brought over 710 mm (28 inches) of rain to the island. Kadena Air Base was badly damaged by the typhoon with over $5 million of damage on the base. Heavy flooding and landslides led to total of a 30 deaths and over 1,000 injuries in Japan. Over 800,000 homes lost power and 80,000 damaged in the aftermath of the storm. The worst damage was in Kumamoto Prefecture on Kyūshū, where 16 people died and over 45,000 homes were damaged.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Bart (Oniang)
Bart affected the whole of Japan, with some minor damages occurring in Hokkaidō shortly after the storm became extratropical. A large crane in Hiroshima collapsed killing three and injuring four people in the Mitsubishi plant there and the Itsukushima Shrine was also damaged. Damage from the storm amounted to ¥16.31 billion (US$155 million); insurance payouts reached ¥31.47 billion (US$299 million). An additional $5 million (1999 USD) in damage occurred to the Japanese economy.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Cam
A disturbed area of weather to the south of Hong Kong in the South China Sea became more organized early on September 23, and the JTWC issued a TCFA for the system. It developed into the 25th depression of the season per the JTWC a few hours later and began to track to the northeast, under the influence of a mid-level ridge to the east. The depression gradually intensified, becoming Tropical Storm Cam on September 24. Later that day, the storm reached its peak winds of 75 km/h (45 mph). Around this time, Cam's motion gradually turned towards the north.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Cam
As it neared the Chinese coast a strong ridge to the north turned Cam abruptly to the west, towards Hong Kong and it began to weaken. The JTWC issued its last warning while the storm was still at sea, shortly before it made landfall over Hong Kong with 35 km/h (25 mph) winds. The storm dissipated over China on September 26.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Cam
As Tropical Storm Cam approached Hong Kong, the HKO hoisted the No. 8 Signal for the fifth time in the year; the last time this had occurred was in 1964. The highest gust recorded on land was 121 km/h (75 mph) on Tai Mo Shan, and 41 mm (1.6 inches) of rain fell on Hong Kong. Cam was responsible for 23 injuries in Hong Kong and one death in a ship off Stonecutters Island. There was limited flooding in the region and about 150 people were evacuated to emergency shelters. There was some disruption to air travel into the territory, with 100 flights cancelled or delayed.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Dan (Pepang)
Tropical Depression 26W developed over the Philippine Sea on October 1 about 750 km (470 mi) to the east of Luzon. The system intensified as it moved west-northwest, becoming Tropical Storm Dan on October 3 before reaching typhoon strength the next day. Typhoon Dan reached its peak with 205 km/h (125 mph) early on October 5 and hit northern Luzon at that strength. The typhoon weakened as it entered the South China Sea, but re-intensified as it turned towards the north. Typhoon Dan made its second landfall near Xiamen, China on October 9 and weakened overland.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Dan (Pepang)
Dan turned to the northeast and weakened to a tropical depression before it moved over the Yellow Sea late on October 10. The depression was absorbed by a frontal system over the Yellow Sea early the next day. Both the JMA and PAGASA treated this storm as a typhoon, with PAGASA naming it Pepang.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Dan (Pepang)
Typhoon Dan brought torrential rain of up to 500 mm (20 inches) to both northern Luzon and southern Taiwan. Flooding in the Philippines affected 2,600 homes and killed at least five people. There was more than $2 million of damage to agriculture in the Philippines. Southern Taiwan was still recovering from the Chi-Chi earthquake of the previous month, and Dan delayed the recovery efforts. The typhoon burst a dike in Kaohsiung and another in Tainan, that had been damaged by the earthquake.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Dan (Pepang)
Dan knocked down a large number of trees on Kinmen, which led to the disruption of 70% of the island's power supply. Several fishing boats were sunk and house damaged on Penghu. Thirty-four died and 1,400 people were injured as a result of the storm in Fujian. 1,500 houses were destroyed and $240 million of damage occurred in the province. Dan was the worst typhoon to hit Xiamen in 46 years, killing five and injuring over 100 in the city.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eve (Rening)
A broad area of convection to the northeast of Mindanao over the Philippine Sea began to develop on October 15 as it moved to the west, becoming Tropical Depression 27W. The depression made landfall on Samar Island the same day and moved to the northwest across the central Philippines throughout October 6. The depression turned to the west after it emerged into the South China Sea, and turned to the southwest on October 18 in response to increasing mid-level ridging over southeastern China. As it neared the Vietnamese coast the depression strengthened slightly and became Tropical Storm Eve. Eve made landfall 110 km (68 mi) southeast of Da Nang as a minimal tropical storm on October 19 and quickly dissipated overland. Both the JMA and PAGASA considered Eve a tropical storm, with PAGASA naming it Rening.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eve (Rening)
Tropical Storm Eve brought torrential rain to much of central Vietnam, with about 290 mm (13 inches) falling on Huế City and as much as 470 mm (18.5 inches) of rain falling in parts of Hà Tĩnh Province. Eve was the first in a series of storms to bring torrential rain to the region, and the resulting floods killed over 590 people, and they also caused nearly $235 million of damage directly.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Depression 28W
A tropical disturbance began to develop 45 km (28 mi) to the southeast of Agrihan, an island of the Northern Mariana Islands, early on November 5, from the tail end of shear line connected to a front that ran to Japan. It strengthened into Tropical Depression 28W early the next day and moved to the northeast along the shear line, reaching its peak with 55 km/h (35 mph) winds. The depression did not develop further, but its motion accelerated and it became an extratropical low 18 hours after forming.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Depression Frankie (Sendang)
A disturbance to the northeast of Koror in the Philippine Sea developed as it moved to the west on November 6, becoming Tropical Depression 29W. The depression moved rapidly to the west under the influence of the subtropical ridge to the north, crossing Samar early on November 8. The system strengthened over the central Philippines, becoming Tropical Storm Frankie. The influence of a developing ridge to the southeast led to Frankie becoming quasi-stationary over the Sibuyan Sea. The storm soon weakened due to increasing wind shear and interaction with land, and it dissipated on November 11. PAGASA tracked Frankie as a tropical storm, naming it Sendang. The JMA considered this storm to have been a tropical depression.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Depression Frankie (Sendang)
Tropical Storm Frankie brought heavy rain of up to 300 mm (12 inches) to the central Philippines, that disrupted the rice harvest. Flooding from the storm forced the evacuation of 300 families in Calbayog.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Gloria (Trining)
In mid-November, a persistent area of circulation developed at the end of a shear line to the east of Samar. It began to become more organized as it moved to the north on November 12 and became a tropical depression the next day. The cyclone continued to slowly intensify, becoming Tropical Storm Gloria as it turned the northeast, when it was well to the east of Luzon. Gloria began to accelerate to the northeast under the influence of an upper level flow and maintained its strength.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Gloria (Trining)
The storm passed east of Okinawa on November 15, when the shear markedly reduced and allowed a rapid intensification to typhoon strength. Gloria briefly peaked as a 120 km/h (75 mph) typhoon later that day, before weakening as it started to become extratropical. Typhoon Gloria became fully extratropical on November 16, having weakened back into a tropical storm.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Gloria (Trining)
Both the JMA and PAGASA monitored Gloria, with PAGASA naming the storm Trining. The JMA assessed Gloria as being a severe tropical storm at its peak strength on November 15. Typhoon Gloria did not approach land closely. Gloria is the last name to use English names in the basin.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Depression 31W
An area of low pressure just off Palawan became more organized as it moved to the northwest, away from the island, becoming Tropical Depression 31W early on December 1. A subtropical ridge to the north of the system caused it to move southwest through the South China Sea and off the Vietnamese coast. Winds from the depression peaked at 55 km/h (35 mph). Early on, December 3, when the storm was to the south of Vietnam, it turned to the northwest and headed towards the Malay Peninsula. The depression made landfall in Thailand to the northeast of Phuket on December 4, and the JTWC ceased advisories as the storm weakened overland. The remnants entered the Andaman Sea but redevelopment did not occur.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Depression 32W
Tropical Depression 32W developed on December 9 in the South China Sea, between Palawan and Borneo and slowly moved to the west. After the depression reached its peak with 55 km/h (35 mph) winds it began to accelerate to the west. By December 11, when the storm was to the south of Vietnam, it became more sheared and the low-level circulation became exposed. The system dissipated soon afterwards, having never approached land.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Depression 33W
On December 14, Tropical Depression 33W formed within a persistent trough about 425 km (264 mi) to the east of Cam Ranh Bay, Vietnam. A high level of wind shear restricted the storm's strength to 55 km/h (35 mph), which it maintained as it moved west towards Vietnam. The storm turned to the north shortly before it made landfall on December 16 and dissipated soon after over Vietnam under the influence of increased wind shear and interaction with land. It is unknown if the storm had any effects on land.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Storm names
During the season 21 named tropical cyclones developed in the Western Pacific and were named by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, when it was determined that they had become tropical storms. These names were contributed to a revised list from 1996. However, the agency stopped naming cyclones after this season as the Japan Meteorological Agency started naming systems. Consequently, this was the last year the following lists were used.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Storm names, Philippines
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration uses its own naming scheme for tropical cyclones in their area of responsibility. PAGASA assigns names to tropical depressions that form within their area of responsibility and any tropical cyclone that might move into their area of responsibility. Should the list of names for a given year prove to be insufficient, names are taken from an auxiliary list, the first 10 of which are published each year before the season starts. This is the same list used for the 1995 season.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Storm names, Philippines
PAGASA uses its own naming scheme that starts in the Filipino alphabet, with names of Filipino female names ending with "ng" (A, B, K, D, etc.). Because PAGASA started a new naming scheme in 2001, therefore, this naming list would not be used in the 2003 season. Names that were not assigned/going to use are marked in gray.


1999 Pacific typhoon season, Season effects
This table summarizes all the systems that developed within or moved into the North Pacific Ocean, to the west of the International Date Line during 1999. The tables also provide an overview of a systems intensity, duration, land areas affected and any deaths or damages associated with the system.


1999 Paegas Czech Open
The 1999 Paegas Czech Open, also known as the Prague Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Prague, Czech Republic that was part of the World Series of the 1999 ATP Tour. It was the 13th edition of the tournament and was held from 26 April until 2 May 1998. Fifth-seeded Dominik Hrbatý won the singles title.


1999 Paegas Czech Open, Finals, Doubles
Martin Damm /  Radek Štěpánek defeated  Mark Keil /  Nicolás Lapentti, 6–0, 6–2


1999 Paegas Czech Open – Doubles
The 1999 Prague Open was a men's tennis tournament played on Clay in Prague, Czech Republic that was part of the World Series of the 1999 ATP Tour. It was the thirteenth edition of the tournament and was held from 26 April – 2 May 1999.


1999 Paegas Czech Open – Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


1999 Paegas Czech Open – Singles
The 1999 Prague Open was a men's tennis tournament played on Clay in Prague, Czech Republic that was part of the World Series of the 1999 ATP Tour. It was the thirteenth edition of the tournament and was held from 26 April – 2 May 1999.


1999 Paegas Czech Open – Singles, Seeds
The champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


1999 Pakistan cyclone
The 1999 Pakistan cyclone (Joint Typhoon Warning Center designation: 02A; India Meteorological Department designation: ARB 01) was a deadly tropical cyclone that brought further devastation to a region struck by a powerful storm nearly a year earlier.


1999 Pakistan cyclone, Meteorological history
An area of disturbed weather in the Arabian Sea was monitored in early May for possible development. Over the next two weeks, strong convection would develop before sunrise but dissipate by sunset. By May 16, the convection had become constant and a TCFA was issued at 0100Z. The low became a tropical storm by 0900Z. Tropical Storm 02A intensified as it moved to the northwest, and reached cyclone status on May 17 at 0600Z. At that time, a mid-latitude trough weakened the subtropical ridge, allowing 02A to curve into Pakistan.


1999 Pakistan cyclone, Meteorological history
02A continued to intensify and by May 19, it had reached its peak of 125 mph (200 km/h), just below Category four status on the SSHS. 02A made landfall on May 20 near Karachi, Pakistan at peak intensity. The storm began to weaken as it continued inland over the Indus River Valley on May 21, before it completely dissipated on the next day.


1999 Pakistan cyclone, Impact and aftermath, India
In India, officials evacuated more than 50,000 from coastal towns and cities as a precaution. However, the powerful cyclone caused relatively little damage during its passage. Moderate rainfall was recorded across Gujarat and only one person was killed. Some areas were cut off from the surrounding region after strong winds, estimated to have been between 120 and 150 km/h (75 and 93 mph) downed power lines.


1999 Pakistan cyclone, Impact and aftermath, Pakistan
Upon striking Pakistan, officials feared the worst, with memories of the deadly 1998 Gujarat cyclone fresh in their minds. Reports released hours after the storm moved inland stated that at least 700 people were feared to be dead and at least 3,500 were thought to be missing. Hundreds of villages along the coastline were inundated by the cyclone's large storm surge and flooding rains. High winds downed power lines throughout the region, severing communication with many affected cities. In Karachi 44 mph winds lashed the city with heavy downpour. At least 70% of the rice crop was estimated to have been lost due to the cyclone. Near the storm's center, wind gusts were estimated to have reached 275 km/h (171 mph).


1999 Pakistan cyclone, Impact and aftermath, Pakistan
By May 23, officials in Pakistan recovered 200 bodies; 50 were found across islands of the mainland and 150 were in the Badin District. During a rescue attempt, 11 Pakistani soldiers were washed away in a swift current. None of the soldiers are believed to have survived the incident. Throughout the country, damage was estimated to have exceeded $6 million. By May 24, 400 bodies had been recovered but at least 6,000 more were known to be missing and believed dead. Many of these people are believed to have been swept out to sea.


1999 Pakistan cyclone, Impact and aftermath, Pakistan
Following the storm's destructive landfall, hundreds of soldiers from the Pakistan army were deployed to the region. They assisted in search and rescue operations as well as relocating survivors to shelters. According to the Associated Press, the Government of Pakistan made no attempts to evacuate residents before the cyclone made landfall, likely resulting in the large number of fatalities. At least $1 million in relief funds was to be supplied by the government.


1999 Pakistan cyclone, Records
Upon reaching its peak intensity, the storm became the most intense cyclone ever recorded in the Arabian Sea since records began. It surpassed the record set just a year earlier by Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm ARB 02 which attained winds of 165 km/h (105 mph 3-minute sustained) and a minimum pressure of 958 mbar (hPa; 28.29 inHg). Since then, the storm has been surpassed as the strongest in the region. In June 2007, Cyclone Gonu became the first Category 5-equivalent storm ever recorded in the area.


1999 Pakistan cyclone, Records
Additionally, the JTWC estimated that another storm, Cyclone Phet in 2010, attained higher sustained winds than ARB 01 in 1999; however, the IMD does not support this as it is based on one minute mean. IMD calculate windspeed based on three-minute mean. This Cyclone is the only Major Cyclone and Extremely Severe Cyclone to make Landfall in Pakistan.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état
The 1999 military takeover in Pakistan was a bloodless coup d'état initiated by the military staff at the Joint Staff HQ working under Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee General Pervez Musharraf. The instigators seized control of the civilian government of publicly elected Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif on 12 October 1999. Simultaneously tenuring as Chief of Army Staff and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs. On 14 October Gen. Musharraf, acting as the country's Chief Executive, issued a controversial provisional order that suspended the  Constitution of Pakistan.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état
Martial law was declared due to breakdown of civil-military relations between the Sharif administration and Admiral Fasih Bokhari regarding command of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. Tensions between the Sharif administration and joint chiefs chairman General Musharraf reached a breaking point when Prime Minister Sharif attempted to relieve General Musharraf of his command on his return from an official visit to Sri Lanka.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état
In an attempt to maintain civilian control over the military, Lieutenant-General Ziauddin Butt - then Director of the ISI - was hastily approved for the appointment of the army chief, but the decision was opposed by senior members of the Joint Staff HQ, who refused to follow the new chain of command, deciding instead to direct the Military Police to detain General Butt and prevent his taking control of the military.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état
The pace of the coup startled political observers - within 17 hours of Sharif's attempt to attempting to relieve General Musharraf army commanders took control of all key government institutions throughout the country and placed Prime Minister Sharif and his administration - which included his brother - under house arrest. Military police took control of the state broadcaster, radio and the entire critical communications infrastructure, and announced that Sharif had been dismissed.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état
The Supreme Court of Pakistan led by Chief Justice Saeeduzzaman Siddiqui validated the martial law under a "doctrine of necessity" but limited its legality to three years. Meanwhile, Sharif was tried by the Judge Advocate General Court and convicted of endangering the lives of all passengers aboard the aircraft carrying Musharraf. The military court subsequently upheld the decision, stating that Sharif was guilty of aerial hijacking and had ordered the Pakistan CAA to forbid the plane from landing on Pakistani soil, and sentenced him to life imprisonment.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état
When the decision was announced, it sparked fury in conservative PML(N) but welcomed by many of its political opponents. By mid-November 1999, a lengthy court battle at the Supreme Court ensued when the law firms representing the Sharif administration filed a lawsuit against the Musharraf's military administration operating at the JS HQ, challenging the legality of the military takeover, the proclamation of state emergency, and demanding the release of Sharif as well as reinstating the writ of the constitution.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état
In 2000, the Supreme Court of Pakistan led by Chief Justice Saeeduzzaman Siddiqui accepted the arguments put forwarded by the lawyers of the former Sharif administration who viewed this coup as a "violation of constitution" and subsequently resigned, only to be replaced by acting Chief Justice Ershad Hasan who acted towards validating the coup as constitutional after hearing the case.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état
On 10 December 2000, Chief Executive Pervez Musharraf unexpectedly issued a pardon of Nawaz Sharif and allowed the immediate members of former first family to travel to Saudi Arabia on a private jet provided by the Saudi Royal Family. In 2016, Musharraf later confessed in an interview given to Kamran Shahid of Dunya that "he pardoned Nawaz Sharif from life imprisonment on the request of King Abdullah and Rafic Hariri."


1999 Pakistani coup d'état
In 2001, General Musharraf issued the executive decree and eventually forced President Rafiq Tarar to resign in order for General Musharraf to assume the presidency. In the light of Supreme Court's verdict, the national referendum was held on 30 April 2002, allowing himself to continue his rule. The controversial referendum, which Musharraf won with almost 98% of the votes in his favour, was alleged by many, including the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, to be fraudulent.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état
In 2002, the general elections restored the democracy when the Musharraf-backed PML(Q), the libertarians, were able to form the minority government who would later nominate General Musharraf's for the presidential elections held in 2004. In 2007, President Musharraf eventually imposed another martial law by having suspend the populist Chief Justice IM Chaudhry, leveling charges on corruption and misconduct. Unlike the earlier martial law, Musharraf was widely disapproved, inviting the mass demonstration led by Nawaz Sharif, and eventually resigned in an attempt to avoid impeachment in the Parliament.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état
In 2009, the Supreme Court acquitted Sharif of hijacking case and quoted that: "Nawaz Sharif had neither used force nor ordered its use or employed deceitful mean." In 2014, Sharif was also acquitted from money laundering and corruption cases from an accountability court.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état
According to the historian, Mazhar Aziz, the military takeover in 1999 in Pakistan makes a "striking example in the case study of civil military relations" in a post–Cold War era.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Events leading towards the martial law, Relief of General Jehangir and Kargil debacle
In 1997, Nawaz Sharif and his conservative Pakistan Muslim League-N won a landslide victory in the general elections, resulting in a two-thirds majority in the National Assembly– the lower house of bicameral Parliament of Pakistan.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Events leading towards the martial law, Relief of General Jehangir and Kargil debacle
His second tenure was marked with a serious legal confrontation with the Supreme Court courted by Chief Justice Sajjad Ali Shah over the legality and technicality of Thirteenth Amendment and the Ehtesab Act, 1997 (lit. Accountability Act, 1997). Chief Justice Shah had been battling in the Supreme Court for his legitimacy due to many senior justices had seen his appointment as "inappropriate and political", having been appointed by former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto in 1994.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Events leading towards the martial law, Relief of General Jehangir and Kargil debacle
On 29 October 1997, Chief Justice Shah and his bench decided to hear the petition filed by the Pakistan Peoples Party's lawyers and suspended the implementation of bills. Prime Minister Sharif reacted angrily by the Court's actions, issuing an intemperate public diatribe particularly against Chief Justice Shah. On 2 November 1997, Chief Justice Shah summoned Prime Minister Sharif for contempt of court but this order was viewed "null and voided" when two senior justices at the Supreme Court issued a counter-order.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Events leading towards the martial law, Relief of General Jehangir and Kargil debacle
On 30 November 1997, Prime Minister Sharif appeared before the Supreme Court but his partisans stormed the Supreme Court Building forcing Chief Justice Shah to remove the finding of contempt against Sharif. While the police gained control of the situation to restore law and order, the whole nation witnessed traumatizing and terrifying scenes on their television screens broadcast by the news media all over the country.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Events leading towards the martial law, Relief of General Jehangir and Kargil debacle
Subsequently, the Supreme Judicial Council took up a case against the appointment of Chief Justice Shah on 23 December and declared Chief Justice Shah's appointment "illegal and unconstitutional" that eventually forced him to resign from his office on 2 December 1997. President Farooq Leghari who supported the cause of Chief Justice Shah also had to resign when army chief General Jehangir Karamat and Chairman joint chiefs Air Chief Marshal Feroze Khan intervened to resolve the crises. Prime Minister Sharif eventually appointed his Chief Justice Saeeduzzaman Siddiqui based on merit qualification and offered presidency to former supreme court justice Rafiq Tarar who was elected in 1998.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Events leading towards the martial law, Relief of General Jehangir and Kargil debacle
In 1998, Prime Minister Sharif effectively relieved Chairman joint chief General Jehangir Karamat from the command of the military when General Karamat delivered a college lecture at the Naval War College in Karachi. At this lecture, General Karamat called for establishing the National Security Council (NSC) which would be backed by a "team of civil-military experts" for devising policies to seek resolution ongoing problems relating the civil-military issues; also recommended a "neutral but competent bureaucracy and administration of at federal level and the establishment of Local governments in four provinces.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Events leading towards the martial law, Relief of General Jehangir and Kargil debacle
Relieving of General Karamat plummeted Sharif's own public approvals and his relations with the military, as even his senior Cabinet ministers were in disagreement of Sharif's decision. Many political observers were taken in complete surprise since the dismissal of four-star rank general was never happened before in country's short history.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Events leading towards the martial law, Relief of General Jehangir and Kargil debacle
Eventually, Sharif chose then-Lieutenant-General Pervez Musharraf over two senior army generals for the appointment to post of the army chief and acting Chairman joint chiefs. A year later, the civil military relations took a sharp turn in the opposition of Sharif when he invited and received Indian Prime Minister Atal Vajpayee in Lahore for peace talks, much to agitation of General Musharraf who did not welcome outcomes of Lahore Summit.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Events leading towards the martial law, Relief of General Jehangir and Kargil debacle
In 1999, the Pakistan Army soldiers secretly crossed the Line of Control (LoC) and infiltrated in Kargil on the direct orders issues by General Musharraf, bringing the two nations at the brink of war. The Indian Army reacted with launching of full-fledged military coordinated military operations while Indian government effectively put diplomatic pressure of Sharif's government to withdraw the soldiers from the Kargil sector. Both Sharif and General Musharraf held each other responsible for the actions in the Kargil, charging each other of lying and hiding details of war to the nation.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Events leading towards the martial law, Relief of General Jehangir and Kargil debacle
At the public circle, Sharif assigned blame for the political/diplomatic disaster on General Musharraf, and Musharraf placing the blame of disaster on Prime Minister Sharif. On September 1999, General Musharraf forcefully retired Lieutenant-General Tariq Pervez who was known to be close to Sharif and cousin of Raja Nadir Pervez, the Communication minister.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Events leading towards the martial law, Relief of General Jehangir and Kargil debacle
Upon meeting with Sharif, General Tariq Pervez had ultimately warned Sharif of "making any move against General Musharraf or the army would strike."


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Events leading towards the martial law, Revolt of the Admiral
The revolt of Admiral Fasih Bokhari, the Chief of Naval Staff, over Sharif's public decision of extending General Musharraf's tenure as chairman joint chiefs until 2001 was another issue that saw the breaking down of civil-military relations. About the Kargil war, Admiral Bokhari was not of the view of supporting the Pakistan Army's engagement with the Indian Army as appropriate and subsequently lodged a powerful protest against General Musharraf's grand strategy while recommending the constitution of a Commission to completely probe the Kargil issue.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Events leading towards the martial law, Revolt of the Admiral
At the country's news media, Admiral Bokhari publicly questioned the effectiveness of the military strategy behind the Kargil infiltration and was very critical of General Musharraf's unilateral decisions involving the national security, as chairman joint chiefs, without considering the opinions of chiefs of staff of air force and the navy.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Events leading towards the martial law, Revolt of the Admiral
In 1999, Sharif quarrelled with Admiral Bokhari and his Navy NHQ staff over the merit-based appointment of General Musharraf to the Chairman Joint Chiefs that was only meant to be temporary and it was hoped that Admiral Bokhari would be appointed to the post. On August 1999, there were rising tensions between Admiral Bokhari and Prime Minister Sharif over issue of incident took place in Sir Creek, although both had kept the working relations on good terms.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Events leading towards the martial law, Revolt of the Admiral
On September 1999, General Musharraf had sent a message Prime Minister Sharif that "anyone in the Navy and Air Force can become the Chairman Joint Chiefs as I did not care." General Musharraf reportedly backed Admiral Bokhari's bid for the Chairman Joint Chiefs but he was oversaw by the Prime Minister who confirmed and extended General Musharraf's term until 2001.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Events leading towards the martial law, Revolt of the Admiral
The civil-military relations were further damaged when Admiral Bokhari lodged a strong protest against this decision in the news media and reportedly revolted against Prime Minister Sharif's appointment for the Chairman joint chiefs in 1999. Admiral Bokhari abruptly tendered his resignation to the Prime Minister Sharif and noted to Sharif that since General Musharraf was his junior and often referred to him as "Sir."


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Events leading towards the martial law, Revolt of the Admiral
On 5 October 1999, Admiral Bokhari resigned from the command of the Navy as the news media construed Admiral Bokhari's resignation merely as unhappiness over not being appointed as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. Admiral Bokhari's revolt saw the meltdown of the civil-military relations between the elected civilian government and the military leaders that eventually led to the military overtaking the civilian government by dismissing Prime Minister Sharif on 12 October 1999.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, The military takeover
In the aftermath of the Kargil War, followed by the Atlantique incident, there were widespread rumors and media speculations in the television news media about the either possible military takeover or resignation of General Musharraf on September 1999.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, The military takeover
On October 1999, General Musharraf paid an official visit to Sri Lanka on an invitation of Sri Lankan Army Commander Lieutenant-General C. S. Weerasooriya. Ultimately, Prime Minister Sharif dismissed General Musharraf from the command of the military and nominated Lieutenant-General Ziauddin Butt, the DG ISI, over several army officers on 12 October 1999. Developments came when General Musharraf, along with Major-General Tariq Majid and Brigadier Nadeem Taj, returned to Pakistan on a PIA 777-200.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, The military takeover
According to the sources, the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) was ordered by Sharif to divert the plane to India but then it was rerouted to Nawabshah. When this was failed to comprehend by the pilot, the CAA was ordered to close the runways by turning off the edge lights at the Jinnah International Airport in an attempt to refuse the landing. The units of military police led by Lieutenant-General Iftikhar sealed the civilian airport and seized the control of the control tower, allowing the plane to land on a runway.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, The military takeover
From the control tower, then Karachi Corps Commander General  contacted General Musharraf, in his flight and assured him that landing the plane was safe since the army now controlled Jinnah Terminal. The military police seized the control of the state-run media television headquarters and encircled the Prime Minister Secretariat building while gaining control of the international airports and cutting off the international phone lines.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, The military takeover
There were four army generals who were central in staging the coup against Sharif's government that included General Musharraf General Ehsan ul Haq, Aziz Khan, Mahmood Ahmad and Shahid Aziz. They played a crucial role in installing General Musharraf as Chief Executive while they detained Sharif in a local prison. On 14 October 1999, Musharraf appeared on television to declare a state of emergency and issued a Provisional Constitutional Order that ultimately suspended the writ of the Constitution of Pakistan and dissolved the National Assembly and four provincial assemblies, although they left Muhammad Rafiq Tarar in office as President.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, The military takeover
However, General Musharraf strongly objected the wordage use of "martial law" or "coup d'état", instead insisting that: "This is not martial law, only another path towards democracy." The ISPR also confirmed that "There is no martial law in the country."


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, The military takeover, Text of Proclamation of Emergency
Soon after taking over the country, an emergency was declared in the country. Following is the text of the Proclamation of Emergency declared by Musharraf:


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, The military takeover, Text of Proclamation of Emergency
In pursuance of deliberations and decisions of chiefs of staff of the Armed Forces and corps commanders of Pakistan Army, I General Pervez Musharraf, chairman joint chiefs of staff committee and chief of army staff, proclaim emergency throughout Pakistan and assume the office of the chief executive of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, The military takeover, Text of Proclamation of Emergency
(a) The constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan shall remain in abeyance


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, The military takeover, Text of Proclamation of Emergency
(c) The National Assembly, the provincial assemblies and Senate shall stand suspended


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, The military takeover, Text of Proclamation of Emergency
(d) The chairman and deputy chairman of the Senate, the speaker and deputy speaker of the National Assembly and the provincial assemblies shall stand suspended


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, The military takeover, Text of Proclamation of Emergency
(e) The prime minister, the federal ministers, ministers of state, advisers to the prime minister, parliamentary secretaries, the provincial governors, the provincial chief ministers, the provincial ministers and the advisers to the chief ministers shall cease to hold office


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, The military takeover, Text of Proclamation of Emergency
(f) The whole of Pakistan will come under the control of the Armed Forces of Pakistan.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, The military takeover, Text of Proclamation of Emergency
This proclamation shall come into force at once and be deemed to have taken effect on the 12th day of October, 1999.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, The military takeover, Text of Provisional Constitutional Order 1999
Following is the text of Provisional Constitutional Order (PCO) promulgated by Musharraf. After its proclamation, the order was modified on multiple occasions:


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, The military takeover, Text of Provisional Constitutional Order 1999
In pursuance of Proclamation of the 14th day of October, 1999, and in exercise of all powers enabling him in that behalf, the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee and Chief of Army Staff and Chief Executive of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan under the Proclamation of Emergency of 14th day of October 1999 (hereinafter referred to as the Chief Executive) is pleased to make and promulgate the following Order:


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, The military takeover, Text of Provisional Constitutional Order 1999
5. Notwithstanding the abeyance of the provisions of the Constitution, but subject to the Orders of the Chief Executive, all laws other than the Constitution shall continue in force until altered, amended or repealed by the Chief Executive or any authority designated by him.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, The military takeover, Text of Provisional Constitutional Order 1999
6. The Proclamation of Emergency issued on 28th day of May 1998, shall continue but subject to the provisions of Proclamation of Emergency dated 14th day of October 1999 and this Provisional Constitution Order and any other Order made thereunder.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, The military takeover, Text of Provisional Constitutional Order 1999
7. All persons who, immediately before the commencement of this Order, were in the service of Pakistan as defined in Article 260 of the Constitution and those persons who immediately before such commencement were in office as Judge of the Supreme Court, the Federal Shariat Court or a High Court or Auditor-General or Ombudsman and Chief Ehtesab Commissioner, shall continue in the said service on the same terms and conditions and shall enjoy the same privileges, if any.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Impact
Upon hearing the news of Sharif's arrest, the PML(N) partisans and the party leadership led by Javed Hashmi, a conservative politician in Lahore and Mamnoon Hussain in Karachi called out and led massive street demonstrations and protests in the streets of Lahore, Karachi, and other cities.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Impact
The conservative supporters of Nawaz Sharif did not welcome this coup and saw this event as a conspiracy but many of Sharif's rivals welcome this coup, eventually holding celebration parties around different parts of the country. Although there were reports of unconfirmed media blackout of Sharif-aligned conservative media, no restrictions were imposed on the liberal/libertarian news media.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Impact
There were reports of repression and human rights abuse taken place by the authorities under General Musharraf, as the pro-democracy demonstrations were forcefully and effectively crushed by Musharraf's regime.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Impact, Legality and legitimacy of the coup
The Supreme Court of Pakistan courted by the Chief Justice Saeeduzzaman Siddiqui partially provided the legality of the martial law in a view of "doctrine of necessity" after Musharraf's lawyer Sharifuddin Pirzada argued for the martial law on technicality, but its legality was only limited to three years. Meanwhile, Sharif was tried by the military judge advocate general where allegations of corruption, terrorism, and money laundering were leveled against him. Eventually, the military court's inconclusive rulings found him to be guilty and convicted him for risking the life of all the passengers on board including the sitting Chairman joint chiefs.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Impact, Legality and legitimacy of the coup
On 15 November 1999, the Supreme Court of Pakistan decided to hear the petitions filed by PML-N's lawyer Zafar Ali Shah on behalf of Sharif and Aitzaz Ahsan requesting a supreme court's intervention to declare the military takeover "illegal and unconstitutional", and order the restoration of Sharif's government and reinstatement of the National Assembly and four provincial assemblies that were suspended. The PML(N)'s lawyers began their court battle with the Musharraf's lawyers when additional petitions were filed by PML(N), Muslim Welfare Movement, and Wahabul Khairi, an advocate challenging the legality of the coup.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Impact, Legality and legitimacy of the coup
On 1 December 1999, a five-member bench of the Supreme Court was constituted to hear these appeals and as lawyers of each side to present cases of their clients. The bench headed by Chief Justice Saeeduzzaman Siddiqui and head Justice Bashir Jahangiri, Justice Nasir Aslam Zahid, Justice Abdur Rehman Khan and Justice Wajihuddin Ahmed as other members.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Impact, Provisional Constitutional Order judges oath
As the hearing progressed at the Supreme Court, the legality and legitimacy of the coup became an important issue while Sharif's lawyers successfully argued for reinstating the writ of the constitution. Chief Justice Saeeduzzaman Siddiqui alongside with other chief justices were in clear view of this coup as a "violation of the constitution" as Sharif's lawyers made a ground base for finding Musharraf of treason.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Impact, Provisional Constitutional Order judges oath
On 26 January 2000, Chief Executive Musharraf, acting on the advice of Sharifuddin Pirzada, quickly promulgated the Provisional Constitutional Order and asked Chief Justice Siddiqui alongside other justices to take a new oath under this provision. Chief Justice Saeeduzzaman Siddiqui and other nine judges of the thirteen Supreme Court justices refused to take the oath which became an issue identified as the "biggest challenge" to the new government. Eventually, Chief Justice Saeeduzzaman Siddiqui and other nine judges resigned from their respected appointments, followed by a number of other High Court justices also refused to take the oath.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Impact, Provisional Constitutional Order judges oath
The Provisional Constitutional Order disallowed challenging any actions made by the military-led by General Musharraf, and many judges who refused to take the oath cited infringements upon the judiciary system such as this as their reasoning for refusing. The Provisional Constitutional Order provided Musharraf legal protection of his actions in regards to the military taker over and bared any court in the country for taking any legal actions against Musharraf or those who were responsible for the military coup.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Impact, Provisional Constitutional Order judges oath
Asma Jahangir, a Pakistani lawyer and human rights advocate, reportedly quoted: "The military rulers are doing their best to erode the independence of the judiciary. I salute those judges who have refused to take the oath."


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Aftermath, Pardon of Sharif and 2002 referendum
On 9–10 December 2000, Chief Executive Pervez Musharraf unexpectedly issued a pardon of Nawaz Sharif and allowed the immediate members of former first family to travel to Saudi Arabia on a private jet provided by the Saudi Royal Family. Details emerged in successive years of this pardon that resulted in a forced signing of an agreement that put him in exile for a decade. However, this agreement was voided in successive years when Musharraf himself went to court to bar Sharif from returning to Pakistan in 2007.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Aftermath, Pardon of Sharif and 2002 referendum
In 2016, Musharraf later confessed in an interview given to Kamran Shahid of Dunya that "he pardoned Nawaz Sharif from life imprisonment on the request of King Abdullah and Rafic Hariri".


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Aftermath, Pardon of Sharif and 2002 referendum
On 12 May 2000, the Supreme Court of Pakistan courted by Chief Justice Irshad Hasan finally legalized the coup but ordered to hold a nationwide election to restore the writ of the government.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Aftermath, Pardon of Sharif and 2002 referendum
In 2001, General Musharraf issued the executive decree, of which, President Tarar was of the view that such decree was unconstitutional and illegal. Eventually, Musharraf forcefully removed President from his office when the latter forced President Tarar to forcefully resigned as president. In the light of Supreme Court's verdict, the national referendum was held on 30 April 2002, allowing himself to continue his rule. The referendum, which Musharraf won with almost 98% of the votes in his favour, was alleged by many, including the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, to be fraudulent.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Aftermath, Allegations of illegitimacy
Human rights groups such as Amnesty International Pakistan and Human Rights Commission and others had denounced the referendum as extremely fraudulent in 2002. The Reuters journalists claimed to see ballot stuffing and pressure to vote being placed on governmental employees. Ibn Abdur Rehman, director of the Human Rights Commission, dismissed the referendum as "farcical", also claiming that votes were stuffed. The Amnesty International Pakistan and the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan stated that the voting irregularities "exceeded its worst fears".


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Aftermath, Allegations of illegitimacy
The PML(N), backed by the Human Rights Commission, challenged the results of the referendum but Chief Justice Irshad Hasan Khan dismissed the petitions while rejecting the challenge and upholding the results. Information Minister Nisar Memon dismissed allegations of fraud as propaganda created by the opposition and stated that "Those who opposed the referendum preferred to stay at home and didn't create any problem."


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Aftermath, Allegations of illegitimacy
The credibility of the claims of illegitimacy is added when American Pattan Development Organization conducted a Gallup survey that founded that the "people are likely to elect either Benazir Bhutto or Nawaz Sharif as the next prime minister" in preference to President General Pervez Musharraf. According to the survey, Musharraf had only 9% public approval as opposed to Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Aftermath, Foreknowledge about coup
In 1999, Tariq Pervez, the FIA agent, had ultimately warned Nawaz Sharif of a military take over if Musharraf were dismissed from the command of the military. In the television news media and the political pundits had long speculating of a military takeover in the country as soon as General Karamat was dismissed by Prime Minister Sharif, and General Musharraf himself had sent a secret message of serious repercussion if he was to be removed. It is claimed by authors that Prime Minister Sharif had well political intelligence on Musharraf's intention and had sought US President Bill Clinton's help against the military intervention.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Aftermath, Foreknowledge about coup
In 1999, Benazir Bhutto held all blames on Nawaz Sharif for the military takeover and criticized him stating "the man is violating every rule of law and, there is no-one to stop him."


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Aftermath, Foreknowledge about coup
In 2002, Admiral Bokhari quoted that: he knew about General Musharraf's plans to topple [Prime Minister] Nawaz Sharif and did not want to be part of these "Dirty Games". Admiral Bokhari also noted that a power struggle between an elected Prime Minister and appointed-Chairman joint chiefs ensued and relations were severely damaged after the Kargil war.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Aftermath, Foreknowledge about coup
Admiral Bokhari testified in media that:"The two men could not work together, both were preparing to take active actions against each other. I could see that there now two centres of power on a collision course". At an informal meeting held at the Navy NHQ in September 1999, Chairman joint chiefs General Musharraf indicated his displeasure with Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif's handling of the country describing Prime Minister Sharif as "incompetent and incapable of running the country." Admiral Bokhari firmly got the impression whether General Musharraf was sounding out to rely on the support from the Navy in events of the coup and Admiral Bokhara discouraged the Chairman joint chiefs from doing so.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Aftermath, Foreknowledge about coup
In 2003, Musharraf squarely blamed Nawaz Sharif for the military take over and held responsible for the martial law against his government while accused him of being an autocrat and weakening the might of the military.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Legacy, Political opposition and dissents
In a views of historian, Mazhar Aziz, the military coup d'état is seen as an "striking example in the case study of civil military relations" in a post–Cold War era.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Legacy, Political opposition and dissents
In 1999 and in 2004, Sharif extended his apologizes to various journalists and reporters for any wrongdoings and worked towards mending better relations with influential conservative news media after his exile. In 2001, the PML(N) and its rival PPP reached a compromised when the formed democracy restoration alliance in a view to oust President Musharraf. Major agitations took place in 2005 against President Musharraf's anti-terrorism policy and controversial amendments made in the constitution. In 2006, Sharif joins hand with Benazir Bhutto in opposition to Musharraf when both signed an agreement to restore parliamentary democracy in the country.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Legacy, Political opposition and dissents
In 2006, the PML(N) issued a white paper concerning the Kargil events and Nawaz Sharif personally apologized to former Chief Justice Sajad Ali Shah and the former president Farooq Leghari for his role and his party's actions. Sharif also extended his apology to General Karamat and Admiral Fasih Bokhari for overlooking him for the appointment of the Chairman joint chiefs.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Legacy, Political opposition and dissents
In 2007, Nawaz Sharif with his family, accompanied by his daughter, returned to Pakistan with thousands of his supporters receiving Sharif family. In 2008, Sharif spearheaded the judicial activism in order to protest the suspension of Chief Justice I.M. Chaudhry by Musharraf.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Legacy, Opposition and dissent within the military
In 2001–03, the principal four army generals, General Ehsan ul Haq, Gen. Aziz Khan, Lt-Gen. Mahmud Ahmed, and Lt-Gen. Shahid Aziz later regretted their role in bringing Gen. Musharraf in power when all four generals were forced out from their service due to opposition showed to President Musharraf's policies. General Aziz Khan was retired as a four-star General from the position of CJCSC in 2005 and was succeeded by  General Ehsan ul Haq who was retired as a four-star General from the position of CJCSC in 2007 (the longest service by any of Gen. Musharaff's closest generals). General Mahmud Ahmed was retired in 2007 as DG-ISI. General Shahid Aziz was retired in 2004 as Lt-Gen.


1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Trial and sentence
On 17 December 2019, Musharraf was handed the death sentence for treason by a three-member bench of a special court in Pakistan.


1999 Palanca Awards
The Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature winners in the year 1999 (rank, title of winning entry, name of author):


1999 Palanca Awards, Filipino Division
Poetry in Filipino"Kamatayon sang Isa ka Kalye" by Leoncio P. Deriada


1999 Palanca Awards, Kabataan Essay
Third Prize: "Ang Papel ng Kabataan sa Pangangalaga ng Kahalagahang Pangkultura ng Filipino" by Melecio P. Vizcarra Jr.


1999 Palmer Cup
The 1999 Palmer Cup was held on June 12–13, 1999 on the Honors Course, Chattanooga, Tennessee. The United States won 17½ to 6½.


1999 Palmer Cup, Format
On Saturday, there were four matches of four-ball in the morning, followed by four foursomes matches in the afternoon. Eight singles matches were played on the Sunday morning with a further eight more in the afternoon. In all, 24 matches were played.


1999 Palmer Cup, Format
Each of the 24 matches was worth one point in the larger team competition. If a match was all square after the 18th hole, each side earned half a point toward their team total. The team that accumulated at least 12½ points won the competition.


1999 Palmer Cup, Teams
Eight college golfers from the United States and Great Britain and Ireland participated in the event.


1999 Pan American Aerobic Gymnastics Championships
The 1999 Pan American Aerobic Gymnastics Championships were held in Merida, Venezuela. The competition was organized by the Venezuelan Gymnastics Federation.


1999 Pan American Games
The 1999 Pan American Games, officially the XIII Pan American Games or the 13th Pan American Games, was a major international multi-sport event that was held from July 23 to August 8, 1999, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada and surrounding towns and cities. Canoeing competitions started the day before the games officially begun. Approximately 5,000 athletes from 42 nations participated at the games. A total of 330 medal events in 34 sports and 42 disciplines.


1999 Pan American Games
Financially, the 1999 games were a success, generating a surplus of $8.9 million through a combination of fiscal restraint and the contribution of nearly 20,000 volunteers.


1999 Pan American Games
The 1999 Pan American Games were the second Pan American Games hosted by Canada and Winnipeg. Previously, Winnipeg hosted the 1967 Pan American Games.


1999 Pan American Games, Bidding process
Winnipeg beat both Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic and Bogota, Colombia in 1994 to win hosting rights for the event.


1999 Pan American Games, Bidding process
In 1988, a delegation from Winnipeg announced that once it got approval from the Canadian Olympic Association, the city would submit a bid to host the 1999 Pan American Games. On December 5, 1992, Winnipeg secured the Canadian bidding rights, defeating Toronto by one vote. Other Canadian cities in the running were Halifax, Edmonton, and Sherbrooke. Toronto would later go on to host the 2015 Pan American Games, 16 years later.


1999 Pan American Games, Bidding process
Any country that had previously held the games were allotted two votes; those countries were Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Mexico, the United States, and Venezuela, making 50 votes in total, and a city needed majority vote (26) to win.


1999 Pan American Games, Bidding process
After the first round of voting, Bogotá was forced to drop out having the fewest votes with 10. In the second round, Winnipeg and Santo Domingo reached a 25-to-25 tie. Canadian Committee Co-Chairman Don Mackenzie convinced the Olympic Committees in the third round, focusing on the fact that "Santo Domingo had no place for water-skiing, but Portage la Prairie has one of the best water-skiing facilities in Canada." Winnipeg went on to defeat Santo Domingo by a vote of 28 to 22. Santo Domingo later won the rights to the next games in 2003.


1999 Pan American Games, Development and preparation, Venues
A total of 32 sporting venues were used for the games. The Pan Am Pool, built for the 1967 games, featured in the 1999 games for all aquatic events. The venue underwent a $3.3 million dollar renovation for the games. Other new venues included the $8.7 million dollar Investors Group Athletic Centre built for multiple sports and the $12 million dollar CanWest Global Park for the baseball competition.


1999 Pan American Games, Development and preparation, Venues
The main stadium for the games was the Winnipeg Stadium, which staged the ceremonies and the beach volleyball competitions.


1999 Pan American Games, Development and preparation, Venues
A portion of the Pan American Games Society (1999) budget supported the refurbishment of University of Manitoba campus residences to serve as the Athletes Village, the upgrade of various sport and training facilities including the Pan Am Stadium (University Stadium), which had hosted events of the 1967 games.


1999 Pan American Games, Development and preparation, Venues
The Winnipeg Velodrome, also built for the 1967 games, had become obsolete and disused for cycling and so was demolished prior to the 1999 games. The 1999 games used a temporary facility at Red River Exhibition Park.


1999 Pan American Games, The Games, Opening ceremony
The opening ceremony of the 1999 Pan American Games took place on Friday July 23, 1999, beginning at 19:30 p.m. CDT and lasted for two hours and forty-five minutes at the Winnipeg Stadium. A crowd of 30,000 spectators attended the ceremony. Seven Aboriginal Canadians, who were denied entrance into the 1967 Pan American Games, also in Winnipeg, this time entered the stadium with the torch while on canoes. Former Olympians Alwyn Morris and Silken Laumann were the final two torchbearers who lit the cauldron. A total of 3,400 performers took part in the ceremony, including the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra and singer Jeremy Kushnier. Singer Chantal Kreviazuk sang the national anthem, O Canada as part of the ceremony. Governor General Roméo LeBlanc officially opened the games.


1999 Pan American Games, The Games, Sports
330 events in 34 sports were contested. Beach volleyball and inline hockey made its Pan American Games debut. While a women's tournament in football (soccer) and water polo were contested for the first time.


1999 Pan American Games, The Games, Sports
Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of medal events contested in each sport.


1999 Pan American Games, The Games, Impact of positive drug tests
Perhaps the greatest drug scandal in the sport of track and field, since Ben Johnson's 1988 disqualification, occurred here when the world's only eight foot high jumper Javier Sotomayor tested positive for cocaine. A Cuban national hero, his subsequent suspension was fought from the highest levels, Fidel Castro claiming it was a conspiracy. Despite a second positive test for cocaine a few months later, Sotomayor eventually had his suspension reduced by a year, just in time to win a silver medal at the Sydney Olympics. A year later he retired facing another positive drug test.


1999 Pan American Games, The Games, Impact of positive drug tests
Canada was stripped of its gold medal for inline hockey when the team's goaltender Steve Vézina tested positive for multiple banned substances.


1999 Pan American Games, The Games, Medal count
To sort this table by nation, total medal count, or any other column, click on the  icon next to the column title.


1999 Pan American Games, The Games, Medal count
The medal counts for the United States and Cuba are disputed.


1999 Pan American Games, Marketing, Mascots
The 1999 Games' mascot features two birds named Pato (Wood duck) and Lorita (Parrot).


1999 Pan American Games, Legacy
The 1999 Pan Am games have been "seen by many Winnipeggers as a chance to put their city squarely in the international spotlight". Winnipeg mayor Glen Murray became nationally well known as a result of the Games and thanks to extensive coverage by the CBC, anchored by CBC Sports' Brian Williams. However, the Games themselves only had mixed success, as the Pan Am Games ranked below the Olympics and Commonwealth Games in international prestige. The Games cost $129 million CDN and finished with a financial surplus of $8.8 million CDN.


1999 Pan American Games, Legacy
Hosts Canada celebrated its medal haul, which was the second best after the United States. However, some considered Canada's results overrated, since the US amassed the most medals with a mostly second-string team while Canada and Cuba had fielded their top national athletes. Cuba also managed more golds than Canada, despite having a smaller roster.


1999 Pan American Games, Legacy
Frequent comparisons were made to the 1967 Pan Am Games, also hosted by Winnipeg, where the United States had fielded many rising stars, such as Mark Spitz. By comparison, the Americans had sent their "B" team to the 1999 Games. No major US networks covered the Pan Am Games, while newspapers only sent second-string reporters instead and the stories never made front page news. Many high-profile athletes, of all nationalities, such as US champion sprinters and Brazilian football players, were in Europe during these Pan Am games, taking part in professional events. South American nations (with the exception of Uruguay) did not send their under-23 male soccer teams after the organizing committee refused to pay appearance money to CONMEBOL.


1999 Pan American Games, 1999 Parapan American Games, Mexico City
In 1999 Parapan American Games was not hosted in Winnipeg but rather in Mexico City. The inaugural event involved 1,000 athletes from 18 countries competing in four sports.


1999 Pan American Games medal table
The 1999 Pan American Games, officially known as the XIII Pan American Games, were a continental multi-sport event held in Winnipeg, Canada, from July 23 to August 8, 1999. At the Games, 5,000 athletes selected from 42 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in events in 38 sports. Twenty-seven nations earned medals during the competition, and eighteen won at least one gold medal.


1999 Pan American Games medal table, Medal table
The ranking in this table is based on medal counts published by several media organizations. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals won by the athletes representing a nation. (In this context, a nation is an entity represented by a NOC). The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze medals. If nations are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically by IOC country code.


1999 Pan American Games medal table, Medal table
To sort this table by nation, total medal count, or any other column, click on the  icon next to the column title.


1999 Pan American Junior Athletics Championships
The 10th Pan American Junior Athletics Championships were held in Tampa, Florida, on July 9–11, 1999.


1999 Pan American Junior Athletics Championships, Participation (unofficial)
Detailed result lists can be found on the CFPI and on the "World Junior Athletics History" website.


1999 Pan American Junior Athletics Championships, Participation (unofficial)
An unofficial count yields the number of about 330 athletes from about 29 countries:  Antigua and Barbuda (3), Argentina (6), Bahamas (11), Barbados (8), Bermuda (1), Belize (1), Brazil (18), British Virgin Islands (2), Canada (61), Cayman Islands (3), Chile (20), Colombia (7), Costa Rica (1), Dominica (2), Ecuador (4), El Salvador (2), Grenada (4), Guatemala (5), Guyana (2), Jamaica (32), Mexico (13), Panama (1), Peru (4), Puerto Rico (12), Trinidad and Tobago (8), Turks and Caicos Islands (10), United States (78), U.S. Virgin Islands (2), Venezuela (9).


1999 Pan American Junior Athletics Championships, Medal summary
Medal winners are published. Complete results can be found on the CFPI and the on the "World Junior Athletics History" website.


1999 Pan American Women's Handball Championship
The 1999 Pan American Women's Handball Championship was the fifth edition of the Pan American Women's Handball Championship, held in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 30 March to 3 April 1999. It acted as the American qualifying tournament for the 1999 World Women's Handball Championship.


1999 Pan Arab Games
The 1999 Pan Arab Games were ninth edition of the multi-sport event between Arab countries and were held from August 15 to August 31. A total of around 4600 athletes from 21 countries participated in the 29 sports on offer. The opening ceremony that took place in Al Hussein Youth City Stadium was officially opened by King Abdullah II.


1999 Pan Arab Games
Initially set to be held in Amman in 2001, the games were brought forward two years and branded as the "Al Hussein tournament" in honour of Hussein of Jordan, the long-ruling monarch who died earlier that year. His daughter, Princess Haya bint Al Hussein, took part in the equestrian competition.


1999 Pan Arab Games, Games
Kuwait refused to send athletes to the event on the grounds that Iraq was participating – part of ongoing poor relations between the countries following the Invasion of Kuwait nine years earlier. It did, however, maintain a presence at the opening ceremony. The Jordanian minister for Youth and Sport, Mohamed Kheir Mamsar, had placed particular emphasis on an attempt to bring together all 22 Arab countries at the games. His failure to do so resulted in his resignation.


1999 Pan Arab Games, Games
Those present at the games also caused unrest: the Libyan football team fought with the Palestinian players in the locker room after their match, and fan rioting at the semi-final between Libya and Iraq saw dozen hospitalised. Some home spectators were disruptive at the basketball match between Jordan and Syria, and the throwing of water bottles onto the court only ceased after Princess Haya directly addressed the crowd.


1999 Pan Arab Games, Games
On top of Mamsar's resignation, Ahmed Al-Fahad Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah, the head of the Kuwait Olympic Committee, announced he would quit his position within the Arab Sports Confederation, stating that the Arab League had interfered with his efforts to promote sport within the region. The confederation suffered another casualty at the games as on August 18 Saudi Arabia's Faisal bin Fahd, the president of the grouping, died of a heart attack shortly after attending the proceedings. Many social events around the closing ceremony were cancelled in respect for the late Saudi.


1999 Pan Arab Games, Games
Two of the sports were held and concluded before the opening ceremony: the athletics and basketball competitions were held early to allow the athletes to prepare and attend the 1999 World Championships in Athletics and the 1999 Asian Basketball Confederation Championship, respectively, which clashed with the dates for the Pan Arab Games that year.


1999 Pan Arab Games, Games
There were several doping incidents at the games. Morocco's Siham Hanifi, winner of the women's 100 metres, 200 metres and 4×100 metres relay events, was disqualified after a positive test for nandrolone (a steroid) – a fate also shared by her teammate Karima Shaheen, the discus throw bronze medallist. The bodybuilding contests were severely affected, with a six contestants being removed for taking banned substances.


1999 Pan Arab Games, Games
The Qatari weightlifting team was entirely disqualified after rival nations protested that a number of their representatives were from Bulgaria, Lebanon and Pakistan and did not have sufficient Qatari citizenship to compete. American-based Laila Sarkis-Khoury faced similar protestations but her gold medal in artistic gymnastics stood as she produced proof of Lebanese citizenship. Two Lebanese weightlifters, Youssef Zein and Mahmoud Shuqair, were stripped of their silver and bronze medals from the +90 kg category after positive drug tests. Asaad Jaafar of Iraq, Ahmed Abdel-Salam of Egypt, Bilal Abu Raguh of Jordan and Zahi Ammar of Algeria were also banned.


1999 Pan Arab Games, Games
Iraq did not compete in the equestrian events after its horses were refused passage into Jordan due to their failure to meet international health requirements (the hosts offered replacement animals, but the Iraqi team refused).


1999 Pan Arab Games, Games
Three of Egypt's squash team were injured after their bus overturned during a tour of Madaba. Nesreen Nasha't, Iman Amir and Umniya Abdul Qawi were flown back to Cairo to receive treatment. The Jordanian driver of the vehicle was killed during the accident.


1999 Pan Arab Games, Games
The 9th Pan Arab Games saw the launch of the first official games website, allowing people follow the events over the internet. Since 1999, each games has had its own official games website.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships
The eighth edition of the Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, a long course (50 m) event, was held in 1999 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre in Sydney, Australia, from 22–29 August. Only two swimmers per country could compete in finals, and only four swimmers per country could compete in semifinals.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, Results, Men's events
Legend: WR – World record; CR – Championship record; CWR – Commonwealth record; NR – National record


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, Results, Women's events
Legend: WR – World record; CR – Championship record; CWR – Commonwealth record; NR – National record


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 100 metre backstroke
The men's 100 metre backstroke competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 23–24 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre. The last champion was Lenny Krayzelburg of US.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 100 metre backstroke
This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, all in backstroke.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 100 metre backstroke, Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows:


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 100 metre breaststroke
The men's 100 metre breaststroke competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 22–23 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre. The last champion was Kurt Grote of US.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 100 metre breaststroke
This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, both lengths being in breaststroke.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 100 metre breaststroke, Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows:


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 100 metre butterfly
The men's 100 metre butterfly competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 27–28 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre. The last champion was Neil Walker of US.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 100 metre butterfly
This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, all in butterfly.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 100 metre butterfly, Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows:


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 100 metre freestyle
The men's 100 metre freestyle competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 25–26 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre. The last champion was Michael Klim of Australia.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 100 metre freestyle
This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, both lengths being in freestyle.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 100 metre freestyle, Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows:


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 1500 metre freestyle
The men's 1500 metre freestyle competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 28-29 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre. The last champion was Grant Hackett of Australia.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 1500 metre freestyle, Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows:


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre backstroke
The men's 200 metre backstroke competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 26–27 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre. The last champion was Lenny Krayzelburg of US.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre backstroke
This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all in backstroke.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre backstroke, Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows:


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre breaststroke
The men's 200 metre breaststroke competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 25–26 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre. The last champion was Kurt Grote of US.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre breaststroke
This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all in breaststroke.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre breaststroke, Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows:


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre butterfly
The men's 200 metre butterfly competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 24–25 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre. The last champion was Uğur Taner of US.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre butterfly
This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all lengths being in butterfly stroke.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre butterfly, Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows:


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre freestyle
The men's 200 metre freestyle competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 23–24 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre. The last champion was Michael Klim of Australia.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre freestyle
This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all in freestyle.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre freestyle, Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows:


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre individual medley
The men's 200 metre individual medley competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 26–27 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre. The last champion was Matthew Dunn of Australia.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre individual medley
This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, one each in backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly and freestyle swimming.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre individual medley, Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows:


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay
The men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 22 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre. The last champion was the United States.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay
This race consisted of eight lengths of the pool. Each of the four swimmers completed two lengths of the pool. The first swimmer had to touch the wall before the second could leave the starting block.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay, Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows:


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 4 × 100 metre medley relay
The men's 4 × 100 metre medley relay competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 29 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre. The last champion was the United States.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 4 × 100 metre medley relay, Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows:


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay
The men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 25 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre. The last champion was the United States.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay
This race consisted of sixteen lengths of the pool. Each of the four swimmers completed four lengths of the pool. The first swimmer had to touch the wall before the second could leave the starting block.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay, Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows:


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 400 metre freestyle
The men's 400 metre freestyle competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 22 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre. The last champion was Grant Hackett of Australia.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 400 metre freestyle
This race consisted of eight lengths of the pool, with all eight being in the freestyle stroke.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 400 metre freestyle, Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows:


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 400 metre individual medley
The men's 400 metre individual medley competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 23 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre. The last champion was Matthew Dunn of Australia.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 400 metre individual medley
This race consisted of eight lengths of the pool. The first two lengths were swum using the butterfly stroke, the second pair with the backstroke, the third pair of lengths in breaststroke, and the final two were freestyle.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 400 metre individual medley, Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows:


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 50 metre freestyle
The men's 50 metre freestyle competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 27–28 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre. The last champions were Bill Pilczuk of US and Ricardo Busquets of Puerto Rico.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 50 metre freestyle
This race consisted of one length of the pool in freestyle.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 50 metre freestyle, Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows:


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 100 metre backstroke
The women's 100 metre backstroke competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 23–24 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre. The last champion was Mai Nakamura of Japan.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 100 metre backstroke
This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, all in backstroke.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 100 metre backstroke, Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows:


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 100 metre breaststroke
The women's 100 metre breaststroke competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 23–24 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre. The last champion was Samantha Riley of AUS.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 100 metre breaststroke
This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, both lengths being in breaststroke.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 100 metre breaststroke, Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows:


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 100 metre butterfly
The women's 100 metre butterfly competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 22–23 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre. The last champion was Jenny Thompson of US.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 100 metre butterfly
This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, all in butterfly.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 100 metre butterfly, Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows:


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 100 metre freestyle
The women's 100 metre freestyle competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 26–27 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre. The last champion was Jenny Thompson of US.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 100 metre freestyle
This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, both lengths being in freestyle.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 100 metre freestyle, Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows:


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 200 metre backstroke
The women's 200 metre backstroke competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 27–28 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre. The last champion was Mai Nakamura of Japan.


1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 200 metre backstroke
This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all in backstroke.