1995 Micronesian congressional term referendum
A referendum on congressional terms was held in the Federated States of Micronesia on 7 March 1995. The proposal to set a four-year term for all members of the Congress required the approval of three-quarters of the voters in at least three of the four states. However, it was only approved by a majority of voters (but not the 75% required) in Kosrae and Yap.


1995 Micronesian imports referendum
A referendum on the powers of the federal government to levy taxes on imports was held in the Federated States of Micronesia on 4 July 1995. Congress had adopted Public Law 8-135 on the matter, which would have altered article II of Chapter IX of the constitution. However, the move was vetoed by President Bailey Olter on 22 March. As a result, the referendum was held alongside by-elections for Congress. A three-quarter majority was required in three of the four states, but the proposal was rejected by voters.


1995 Micronesian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in the Federated States of Micronesia on 20 March 1995. All candidates for seats in Congress ran as independents.


1995 Mid Bedfordshire District Council election
Elections to Mid Bedfordshire District Council were held on 4 May 1995. All 53 seats were up for election.


1995 Mid Bedfordshire District Council election, Result
Gains and losses in the results table are compared with the 1991 district council election.


1995 Mid Bedfordshire District Council election, Ward Results
Figures on turnout were taken from Plymouth University's Elections Centre, which gives the number of registered voters, and the percentage turnout for each ward. The number of ballots cast for each ward was calculated from these. Percentage change in turnout is compared with the same ward in the 1991 District Council election.


1995 Mid Bedfordshire District Council election, Ward Results
The percentage of the vote for each candidate was calculated compared with the number of ballots cast in the ward. Note that in a ward with more than one seat, voters were allowed to place as many crosses on the ballot paper as seats. The percentage change for each candidate is compared with the same candidate in the 1991 District Council election.


1995 Mid Bedfordshire District Council election, Ward Results
Candidates who were members of the council before the election are marked with an asterisk.


1995 Mid-American Conference Baseball Tournament
The 1995 Mid-American Conference Baseball Tournament took place in May 1995. The top four regular season finishers met in the double-elimination tournament held at Warren E. Steller Field on the campus of Bowling Green State University in Bowling Green, Ohio. This was the seventh Mid-American Conference postseason tournament to determine a champion. Second seeded Central Michigan won their second consecutive, and second overall, tournament championship to earn the conference's automatic bid to the 1995 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament.


1995 Mid-American Conference Baseball Tournament, Seeding and format
The top four finishers based on conference winning percentage only, participated in the tournament. The teams played double-elimination tournament. Central Michigan claimed the fourth seed over Western Michigan by tiebreaker.


1995 Mid-American Conference Baseball Tournament, All-Tournament Team, Most Valuable Player
Pat Mahoney won the Tournament Most Valuable Player award. Mahoney played for Central Michigan.


1995 Mid-Continent Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1995 Mid-Continent Conference Men's Basketball Tournament was held from March 3-7, 1995 at campus sites. This was the twelfth edition of the tournament for the Association of Mid-Continent Universities, now known as the Summit League. As a result of 6 schools leaving the Mid-Continent Conference for what would become the Horizon League the winner did not receive an automatic bid to the 1995 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament, when in previous years that had been the case.


1995 Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders football team
The 1995 Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders football team represented Middle Tennessee State University in the 1995 NCAA Division I-AA football season


1995 Midlothian Council election
Elections to Midlothian Council were held on 6 April 1995, the same day as the other Scottish local government elections. Midlothian had been created as a unitary authority under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994.


1995 Midlothian Council election
Labour won every seat on the council, bar two, which were won by the SNP.


1995 Midwestern Collegiate Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1995 Midwestern Collegiate Conference Men's Basketball Tournament took place at the end of the 1994–95 regular season. The tournament was hosted by Wright State.


1995 Midwestern Collegiate Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Seeds
All Midwestern Collegiate Conference schools played in the tournament. Teams were seeded by 1994–95 Midwestern Collegiate Conference season record, with a tiebreaker system to seed teams with identical conference records.


1995 Mieczysław Połukard Criterium of Polish Speedway Leagues Aces
The 14th Mieczysław Połukard Criterium of Polish Speedway League Aces was the 1995 version of the Mieczysław Połukard Criterium of Polish Speedway Leagues Aces. It took place on March 26 in the Polonia Stadium in Bydgoszcz, Poland.


1995 Mieczysław Połukard Criterium of Polish Speedway Leagues Aces, Heat details
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1995 Milan–San Remo
The 86th running of the Milan–San Remo cycling classic was held on 18 March 1995 and won by French rider Laurent Jalabert in a two-man sprint with Maurizio Fondriest. It was the first leg of the 1995 UCI Road World Cup. 162 of 193 riders finished.


1995 Milan–San Remo, Race summary
First-year professional Cristian Salvato was in a solo breakaway for 220 km. Russian favourite Evgueni Berzin punctured on the descent of Cipressa, but returned after a furious pursuit. On the Poggio, Italian classics specialist Maurizio Fondriest broke clear, followed by Laurent Jalabert. On the descent, a chase group of five, with Dimitri Konyshev, Stefano Zanini, Davide Rebellin and Michele Bartoli, was slowed down by a mechanical problem of Konyshev who piloted the group. Jalabert and Fondriest headed off in a two-man sprint on San Remo's Via Roma, with Jalabert easily taking the honours.


1995 Milan–San Remo, Race summary
The 26-year old Jalabert became the fourth rider to win the classicissima after winning Paris–Nice one week prior – joining Fred De Bruyne, Eddy Merckx and Sean Kelly. The day after the race, French sports daily l'Équipe titled: "un champion nous est donné" (a champion was given to us).


1995 Military World Games
The 1995 Military World Games, the first edition of the Military World Games, were held in Rome, Italy from 4 September to 16 September.


1995 Miller Genuine Draft 500 (July)
The 1995 Miller Genuine Draft 500 was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series racing event held on July 16, 1995, at Pocono International Raceway in Long Pond, Pennsylvania.


1995 Miller Genuine Draft 500 (July), Background
Pocono Raceway is one of six superspeedways to hold NASCAR races; the others are Daytona International Speedway, Michigan International Speedway, Auto Club Speedway, Indianapolis Motor Speedway and Talladega Superspeedway. The standard track at Pocono Raceway is a three-turn superspeedway that is 2.5 miles (4.0 km) long. The track's turns are banked differently; the first is banked at 14°, the second turn at 8° and the final turn with 6°. However, each of the three straightaways are banked at 2°.


1995 Miller Genuine Draft 500 (July), Race report
Randy MacDonald and Terry Byers were the only two drivers not to qualify for this event. Nearly 13% of the race was held under a caution flag and the average green flag run was slightly more than 29 laps. Bill Elliott, Mark Martin, and Morgan Shepherd's good attempts at qualifying made this the first race of 1995 where Fords started 1-2-3. Elliott's pole was his first of the season, earning him a spot in the 1996 Busch Clash.


1995 Miller Genuine Draft 500 (July), Race report
Ted Musgrave was on a roll heading into this race as he had a very solid 1995 and looked to be heading to his first career win. He also traditionally ran very well at Pocono so he was a very popular sleeper pick heading into the race after a strong qualifying run, but his race was almost over before it began. Ted had some valve issues that got repaired before the green even waved, but they sorted it out and he got running in time for the green and still managed to finish in fourth place.


1995 Miller Genuine Draft 500 (July), Race report
41 drivers were a part of this race; all of them were born in the United States of America. Dale Jarrett managed to defeat Jeff Gordon almost two-tenths of a second after a duel over the last 20 laps; Jarrett really did need to get this win. At this time Yates was a stronger team than Gibbs and that's why Jarrett left Gibbs for Yates.


1995 Miller Genuine Draft 500 (July), Race report
It had to be tough for him watching Bobby Labonte go to victory lane a couple of times in the team he helped build while he struggled in one of the very top cars of the time. Ricky Craven led two laps just before the halfway point of the race. Notably, those two laps were a part of the six leads that he would lead in the 1995 Winston Cup Series season. Jarrett, however, ran out of gas coming to the checkered flag; needing Michael Waltrip's help to be pushed to victory lane. Formal attendance records were never kept for this three-hour-and-forty-nine-minute racing event.


1995 Miller Genuine Draft 500 (July), Race report
This was the first top ten finish for Cale Yarborough Motorsports since May of 1993 when Derrike Cope drove the #98 Ford. Not only the first top ten finish for Cale but also the first career top ten finish for Jeremy Mayfield, who took over the ride one year earlier at this very event as a young rookie.


1995 Miller Genuine Draft 500 (July), Race report
Speeds during this race reached up to 134.038 miles per hour (215.713 km/h) and 37 changes were made to the leader's position. Five cautions slowed the race for 25 laps; primarily for debris and accidents. Three drivers were considered the odds-on favorite going into the actual race: Ted Musgrave, Derrike Cope and Steve Grissom. This race was the most competitive (37 lead changes among 13 drivers) since 1983 and once again the lead changed twice a lap on several laps.


1995 Miller Genuine Draft 500 (June)
The 1995 Miller Genuine Draft 500 was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series racing event that took place on June 4, 1995, at Dover Downs International Speedway in Dover, Delaware.


1995 Miller Genuine Draft 500 (June)
Souvenir programs of this race sold for a price of $10.00 ($16.78 when adjusted for inflation) per copy and featured the then-favored driver Rusty Wallace. This race would see the final race victory from a Petty family member: Kyle Petty, son of Richard Petty and grandson of Lee Petty.


1995 Miller Genuine Draft 500 (June), Background
Dover Downs International Speedway, now called Dover International Speedway, is one of five short tracks to hold NASCAR races; the others are Bristol Motor Speedway, Richmond International Raceway, Martinsville Speedway, and Phoenix International Raceway. The NASCAR race makes use of the track's standard configuration, a four-turn short track oval that is 1 mile (1.6 km) long. The track's turns are banked at twenty-four degrees, and both the front stretch (the location of the finish line) and the backstretch are banked at nine degrees.


1995 Miller Genuine Draft 500 (June), Race report
Kyle Petty would defeat Bobby Labonte by nearly a quarter of a second after racing for more than four hours in front of an unspecified live audience; leading Pontiac into its first victory since Penske Racing South switched to Ford vehicles. Ted Musgrave would've won this race had he not run out of gas on the backstretch on the lap he made his final pit stop. He was flying at the end when he ran down Bobby Labonte and Kyle Petty from a long way back, but he just could not get by Bobby. He would have an awful season prior to this event and used it to springboard a comeback.


1995 Miller Genuine Draft 500 (June), Race report
After the race, Petty had to be put on oxygen due to the double pneumonia that he had at the time. His victory also came at a time where Pontiac was underfunding their NASCAR teams in advance of their permanent withdrawal from NASCAR after the 2003 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season. 1994 and 1995 were critical years for drivers using the Pontiac manufacturer as first-rate equipment started to become harder to come by.


1995 Miller Genuine Draft 500 (June), Race report
While future superstar Jeff Gordon would clinch the pole position driving up to 153.669 miles per hour (247.306 km/h) during solo qualifying runs, the average pace of the race was 119.880 miles per hour (192.928 km/h). The fan favorite, Rusty Wallace, started in an agonizing 16th place and would make an improvement of seven positions to finish in ninth place on lap 499. Almost 8% of the race was run under caution and the average green flag run was a mere 77 laps.


1995 Miller Genuine Draft 500 (June), Race report
Petty's final race in the NASCAR Cup Series would eventually signal an end to the dominance that the Petty family had in NASCAR (with his father Richard not winning a race after the 1984 Firecracker 400 and retiring after the 1992 Hooters 500) and would cement the dominance of the Earnhardt family over the then-current NASCAR scene.


1995 Miller Genuine Draft 500 (June), Race report
Ward Burton started on the front row and had a strong run early, leading all but one of the first 44 laps. He was still running around the top 10 when the suspension failed in his car and he slapped the turn 4 wall. No caution came out, but Burton was done for the day.


1995 Miller Genuine Draft 500 (June), Race report
There were 20 difference changes in the first-place position of this race; with Petty holding the lead for 82 laps at one point during the event. There were 500 laps in this event which took place on a paved oval track. All of the 42 drivers on the racing grid were male and American-born. Bobby Hillin, Jr. would become the last-place finisher of this race on lap 2 along with Elton Sawyer, Dale Jarrett, and John Andretti. This was the very first race at Dover after the track was repaved, converting from black asphalt to its now famous white concrete. The switch was accompanied by a brief push to change the track's famous nickname from the "Monster Mile" to "White Lightning" but a 19-car crash on Lap 2 showed the monster still had plenty of bite in it despite its new look.


1995 Miller Genuine Draft 500 (June), Race report
This event was known as The Big One at Dover. Kyle Petty walked away $77,665 richer ($130,312.34 when adjusted for inflation) while Hillin, Jr. walked away with only $12,780 more to his name ($21,443.27 when adjusted for inflation). The overall winnings for this racing event were $1,031,965 ($1,731,510.61 when adjusted for inflation).


1995 Miller Genuine Draft 500 (June), Race report, Qualifying
Failed to qualify: Doug French (#79), Loy Allen, Jr. (#19)


1995 Milwaukee Brewers season
The Milwaukee Brewers' 1995 season involved the Brewers' finishing fourth in the American League Central with a record of 65 wins and 79 losses. The 1995 Brewers were the last Major League Baseball team to use a bullpen car, until the 2018 Arizona Diamondbacks.


1995 Milwaukee Brewers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In


1995 Milwaukee Brewers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In


1995 Milwaukee Brewers season, Farm system
The Brewers' farm system consisted of seven minor league affiliates in 1995. The Brewers operated a Dominican Summer League team as a co-op with the Houston Astros. The Beloit Snappers won the Midwest League championship, and the Helena Brewers won the Pioneer League championship.


1995 Milwaukee Mustangs season
The 1995 Milwaukee Mustangs season was the second season for the Milwaukee Mustangs. They finished the 1995 Arena Football League season 4–8 and were one of two teams in the American Conference to miss the playoffs.


1995 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
The 1995 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1995 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their fourth year under head coach Jim Wacker, the Golden Gophers compiled a 3–8 record and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 368 to 272.


1995 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
Offensive guard Todd Jesewitz and linebacker Broderick Hall (American football) were named All-Big Ten second team. Defensive back Justin Conzemius was named Academic All-American second team. Kicker Mike Chalberg, defensive back Justin Conzemius, defensive tackle Troy Duerr, offensive lineman Chris Fowlkes, linebacker Peter Hiestand, offensive lineman Todd Jesewitz, quarterback Rob Jones, wide receiver Tony Levine, defensive tackle Antoine Richard, linebacker Craig Sauer, quarterback Cory Sauter, linebacker Jim Tallman, defensive end Dave Watson, linebacker Parc Williams and long snapper Scott Williams were named Academic All-Big Ten.


1995 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
Craig Sauer was awarded the Bronko Nagurski Award and Carl Eller Award. Cory Sauter was awarded the Bruce Smith Award. Mike Chalberg was awarded the Bobby Bell Award. Justin Conzemius was awarded the Butch Nash Award. Running back Chris Darkins was awarded the Paul Giel Award.


1995 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
Total home attendance for the season was 291,173, which averaged out to 48,529 per game. The season high for attendance was against Wisconsin.


1995 Minnesota Twins season
Although the 1995 Minnesota Twins were separated from a world championship by only four years, it seemed like eons. Because of the 1994–95 Major League Baseball strike, the season got off to a late start. However, it did not end soon enough, as the team finished with a 56–88 record and in last place in its division. The team found it impossible to compete against the runaway Cleveland Indians who won 100 games despite the short season and finished 44 games ahead of the Twins. By July, the team was trading away its veterans in a fire sale. Manager Tom Kelly might have preferred that the strike had continued.


1995 Minnesota Twins season, Regular season, Offense
Only three players had particularly solid years: second baseman Chuck Knoblauch and outfielders Kirby Puckett and Marty Cordova. Puckett did not know that this would be his last year, but it was a solid one. He would be the team's lone all-star representative. Knoblauch won his first Silver Slugger Award. Cordova had a great year for a rookie, and won the Rookie of the Year award.


1995 Minnesota Twins season, Regular season, Pitching
The starting rotation was uncertain. Surprisingly, the only certainty was that rookie Brad Radke would get the ball every fifth game. He made 28 starts, but the other pitchers were either injury-prone, inconsistent, or traded by the end of the year, with Kevin Tapani making 20 starts, Mike Trombley 18, Frank Rodriguez 16, Scott Erickson 15, and Jose Parra 12. Closer Rick Aguilera would also be traded midway through the season. He earned 12 saves while Dave Stevens earned 10. Aguilera, Rich Robertson, and Mark Guthrie were the only regular pitchers with ERAs under 5.


1995 Minnesota Twins season, Regular season, Defense
Like most of Tom Kelly's teams, the defense was capable. Matt Walbeck was the starting catcher, backed up by Matt Merullo. Scott Stahoviak played in 69 games at first base. Although he was not a good hitter, he had a .998 fielding percentage that year. Knoblauch capably manned second base. Scott Leius played reasonably well at third in his last year with the Twins. Pat Meares continued his decent play at shortstop in his third year with the Twins. The regular outfielders were Puckett, Cordova, and Rich Becker.


1995 Minnesota Twins season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1995 Minnesota Vikings season
The 1995 season was the Minnesota Vikings' 35th in the National Football League. Under head coach Dennis Green, they finished with an 8–8 record and still had a chance to make the playoffs entering Week 17 at Cincinnati; however, victories for the Bears and the Falcons in their final games rendered the Vikings' defeat to the Bengals inconsequential, and Minnesota missed the playoffs for the first time under Green. Despite the team's poor play, rookie safety Orlando Thomas recorded a league-leading 9 interceptions of the season.


1995 Mississippi State Bulldogs football team
The 1995 Mississippi State Bulldogs football team represented Mississippi State University during the 1995 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team's head coach was Jackie Sherrill. The Bulldogs played their home games in 1995 at Scott Field in Starkville, Mississippi.


1995 Mississippi gubernatorial election
The 1995 Mississippi gubernatorial election took place on November 7, 1995, in order to elect the Governor of Mississippi. Incumbent Republican Kirk Fordice won reelection to a second term.


1995 Mississippi gubernatorial election, Democratic primary
Mississippi Secretary of State Dick Molpus won the Democratic primary, defeating business consultant and 1991 independent candidate Shawn O'Hara.


1995 Mississippi gubernatorial election, Republican primary
Incumbent Governor Kirk Fordice won the Republican primary, defeating two minor candidates.


1995 Missouri Tigers football team
The 1995 Missouri Tigers football team represented the University of Missouri during the 1995 NCAA Division I-A football season. They played their home games at Faurot Field in Columbia, Missouri. They were members of the Big 8 Conference. The team was coached by second–year head coach Larry Smith.


1995 Missouri Valley Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1995 Missouri Valley Conference Men's Basketball Tournament was played after the conclusion of the 1994–1995 regular season at the Kiel Center in St. Louis, Missouri.


1995 Missouri Valley Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
The Southern Illinois Salukis defeated the Tulsa Golden Hurricane in the championship game, 77–62, and as a result won their 4th MVC Tournament title and earned an automatic bid to the 1995 NCAA Tournament. Chris Carr of Southern Illinois was named the tournament MVP.


1995 Missouri Valley Conference men's soccer season
The 1995 Missouri Valley Conference men's soccer season was the 5th season of men's varsity soccer in the conference.


1995 Missouri Valley Conference men's soccer season
The 1995 Missouri Valley Conference Men's Soccer Tournament was hosted by Evansville and won by Creighton.


1995 Molde FK season
The 1995 season was Molde's 20th season in the top flight of Norwegian football, the first since their promotion back to the first tier in 1994. This season Molde competed in Tippeligaen, Norwegian Cup and the 1995–96 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup.


1995 Molde FK season
In Tippeligaen, Molde finished in 2nd position, 15 points behind winners Rosenborg.


1995 Molde FK season
Molde participated in the 1995 Norwegian Cup. They were knocked out in the fourth round by Hødd with the score 0–2.


1995 Molde FK season, Squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1995 Moldovan local elections
Local elections were held in Moldova on April 16, 1995. A detailed report on elections is published by IFES (International Foundation for Electoral Systems).


1995 Molise regional election
The Molise regional election of 1995 took place on 23 April 1995.


1995 Molise regional election
Marcello Veneziale (Democratic Party of the Left) was elected President of the Region, defeating Quintino Pallante (National Alliance) by a narrow margin.


1995 Molise regional election
For the first time the President of the Region was directly elected by the people, although the election was not yet binding and the President-elect could have been replaced during the term. This is precisely what happened in 1998, when a centrist majority ousted Veneziale and replaced him with Michele Iorio (a splinter of the Italian People's Party, who switched to the Democratic Union for the Republic). In 1999 Iorio switched again party, this time to Forza Italia, and formed a centre-right government, but was soon replaced by a centre-left majority, which reinstated Veneziale.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix
The 1995 Monaco Grand Prix (formally the LIII Grand Prix de Monaco) was a Formula One motor race held on 28 May 1995 at the Circuit de Monaco, Monte Carlo, Monaco. It was the fifth round of the 1995 Formula One season. The 78-lap race was won by Michael Schumacher for the Benetton team after starting from second position. Damon Hill finished second for Williams after starting from pole position and leading the first 23 laps of the race, ahead of Gerhard Berger in a Ferrari car.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix
The remaining points-scoring positions were filled by Johnny Herbert in the second Benetton, Mark Blundell (McLaren) and Heinz-Harald Frentzen (Sauber). Schumacher's win was his third of the season thus far and extended his lead in the World Drivers' Championship over Hill to five points. It was also Renault's first win in the Monaco Grand Prix, as Benetton's engine supplier.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix
Schumacher won the race comfortably, over 30 seconds ahead of Hill. Hill's speed advantage in qualifying, in which he had set a lap time almost one second faster than Schumacher, vanished in the race, enabling Schumacher to follow him closely from the start, despite carrying a heavier fuel load for a one-stop pit strategy, as opposed to Hill's two. When Hill made his first pit stop, Schumacher took the lead, and stayed ahead of his rival for the remainder of the race.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix
Hill also dropped behind the one-stopping Ferrari of Jean Alesi, but the latter crashed on lap 42 whilst attempting to avoid the lapped Ligier of Martin Brundle, who had spun in front of him. Hill's Williams teammate, David Coulthard, retired from the race due to a gearbox failure after initially running in third place. In total, sixteen of the 26 entrants failed to finish, including both drivers for the Simtek team, which subsequently ran out of money and withdrew from the sport before the Canadian Grand Prix. The race was also marked by an accident at the first corner of the first lap involving Coulthard, Alesi and Berger, which caused the track to become blocked and the race to be restarted as a result.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Background
Heading into the fifth race of the season, Benetton driver Michael Schumacher was leading the Drivers' Championship with 24 points, a single point ahead of Williams driver Damon Hill. The two Ferrari drivers, Jean Alesi and Gerhard Berger, lay third and fourth in the rankings with 14 and 13 points respectively, whilst David Coulthard and Johnny Herbert, in the second Williams and Benetton respectively, had scored 9 points each. Just four points separated these three teams in the Constructors' Championship, with Ferrari (27 points) leading Williams (26) and Benetton (23). After a trying start to the season, Schumacher had dominated the preceding Spanish Grand Prix, but both championships were open, with no strong favourite for the race victory.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Background
There were two driver changes going into the event: McLaren driver Nigel Mansell was replaced by the team's test driver, Mark Blundell, and Sauber driver Karl Wendlinger was replaced by Williams test driver and reigning International Formula 3000 champion Jean-Christophe Boullion. Mansell's departure was the main talking point prior to the beginning of the race meeting, as it brought the 1992 World Champion's troubled relationship with McLaren to an end after just two races with the team.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Background
Mansell had made a part-time return to Formula One in 1994 as a replacement for the late Ayrton Senna at Williams, but was passed over in favour of Coulthard for 1995 and opted to sign for McLaren instead. When he tested the MP4-10 chassis for the first time, it became apparent that it had a major handling imbalance, and, more seriously, that he did not fit comfortably in the cockpit. Mansell was thus forced to miss the opening two races of the season whilst the team built a wider monocoque to accommodate him.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Background
He competed in the San Marino and Spanish Grands Prix in the wider MP4-10B, but struggled to match the pace of teammate Mika Häkkinen and retired his otherwise healthy car from the latter race with handling problems. Mansell and team principal Ron Dennis subsequently agreed a mutual termination of their contract, and Blundell was restored to the seat that he had already occupied in the first two races. Blundell was employed on a race-by-race basis. The split marked the end of Mansell's Formula One career. His presence was still strong at Monaco, however, as the official tickets and publicity material featured a prominent image of his McLaren.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Background
Wendlinger had crashed heavily in practice for the previous year's Monaco Grand Prix, sustaining a serious head injury from which it took the rest of the season for him to recover. Since rejoining Sauber at the beginning of the current season, he had struggled to match his pre-accident form, lapping several seconds per lap slower than teammate Heinz-Harald Frentzen in the first four Grands Prix. Sauber released a statement clarifying that Wendlinger had not been sacked, and that he would still test for the team with a view to improving his performance.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Background
Boullion, who made his Formula One début as a result, was loaned to Sauber by Frank Williams, who was keen to use the known quantity of his test driver to evaluate Frentzen's potential for a future race seat in his team. Frentzen was in his second season of Formula One, but this event also marked his first race start at Monaco, as Sauber had withdrawn him from the previous year's race after Wendlinger's accident.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Background
The state of the Simtek team's finances was also a major topic of interest. On the Thursday before the race weekend, team principal Nick Wirth held a press conference in which he admitted that the outfit faced imminent closure unless it received money that had been promised by various sponsors. Wirth admitted that Simtek faced a budget shortfall of several million dollars needed to complete the season, part of which was due to him being the victim of "a broken deal".


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Background
He also pledged to arrange a meeting of all Simtek's financial backers over the race weekend in an attempt to raise additional capital, and that the team would not travel to the following Canadian Grand Prix, an expensive "fly-away" race, unless a rescue package was negotiated successfully. The team was already reduced to three gearboxes for the Monaco race meeting.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Background
Due to the configuration of the Circuit de Monaco, with its low average speed and abundance of low-speed corners, allied to the low-grip nature of the public road surface, the teams all set their cars up to produce the maximum amount of downforce and mechanical grip possible. Ferrari introduced a revised rear wing and diffuser design for the 412T2 chassis, allowing more space for downforce-generating winglets around the rear bodywork. The team also introduced two new suspension configurations, one used by Alesi and the other tested by Berger on his  spare car.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Background
As was traditional at Monaco, Ferrari also brought an additional spare car, bringing the team's total number of chassis to four. The Sauber team introduced new front and rear wings and a revised diffuser, in addition to a slightly lightened C14 chassis design. Benetton, Footwork and Tyrrell also added additional flaps and wings to the rear bodywork of their cars, whilst the latter team also applied its "Hydrolink" suspension design to the rear of the 023 for the first time. Lead Forti driver Pedro Diniz was given a new monocoque which weighed 4 kilograms (8.8 lb) less than the first two FG01 tubs to have been built, and Minardi débuted a new exhaust system on its M195 to increase the power produced by the Ford engine.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
Two practice sessions were held before the race; the first was held from 09:30 to 11:15 local time on Thursday, and an identically timed session was also held on Saturday. Each driver was limited to 23 laps of free practice per day. The qualifying period was split into two one-hour sessions; the first was held on Thursday afternoon from 13:00 to 14:00 local time, with the second held on Saturday afternoon at the same time. The fastest time set by each driver from either session counted towards his final grid position. Each driver was limited to twelve laps per qualifying session.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
Alesi set the pace in Thursday free practice, which took place in bright and sunny weather conditions, with a time of 1:25.457. Schumacher and Hill were second and third, separated from their teammates by the two improved McLarens, with Häkkinen ahead of the returning Blundell. Berger was over two seconds slower than Alesi with the ninth-fastest lap time. Schumacher was unhappy with the handling of his car, and so the rear end of the B195 was stripped down for a precautionary check before qualifying.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
Further back, Frentzen set the eighteenth-fastest time after his Sauber shed its engine cover during the session. Boullion fared even worse, as he crashed at the Nouvelle Chicane in a manner reminiscent of Wendlinger's accident the year before, but he was unhurt. Simtek's shortage of gearboxes was also apparent: lead driver Jos Verstappen's unit only allowed him to complete five laps before developing problems, but teammate Domenico Schiattarella set an encouraging 14th-fastest time.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
Jean Alesi, commenting on taking provisional pole position on Thursday.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
Thursday qualifying was held in similar weather conditions to practice, but was interrupted by a brief shower of rain close to the end of the session. Alesi carried his form over from free practice, nudging the crash barriers lining the circuit on more than one occasion to set a provisional pole position time of 1:23.754. Berger was also impressive, power-sliding through Casino Square, to the delight of the crowd, on his way to the third-fastest time, although he complained that Alesi had held him up on what he thought would have been his quickest lap of the session.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
The form of the Ferraris came as something of a surprise, as the 41T2's unique V12 engine configuration theoretically produced less torque than its rivals, a disadvantage on a circuit as tight as Monaco. Alesi said that he believed the results of the session were due to the extreme effort that he and Berger were putting into their driving overcoming any deficiencies with the car.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
The Ferraris were split by Schumacher, who felt that the rain shower had prevented him from fulfilling his potential, as he did not complete his full quota of 12 laps as a result of the track conditions becoming slower. His teammate, Herbert, took provisional sixth place. Of the Williams drivers, Hill was fourth, but Coulthard admitted that he was still learning the track on his way to 11th, 2.8 seconds slower than Alesi's best. Häkkinen continued McLaren's promising form with a provisional fifth place, but was fined $10,000 for ignoring yellow flags during the season. Blundell was back in eighth after crashing into the barriers in the closing minutes of the session.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
Frentzen impressed by setting the seventh-fastest time in his first Monaco qualifying session, despite having to take to the escape road at the Nouvelle Chicane after encountering the rain shower whilst on a flying lap. After his morning accident, Boullion drove steadily to take a provisional 21st position, complaining of a dire lack of grip from the C14 chassis. Another Monaco rookie, Eddie Irvine, out-paced his more experienced Jordan teammate, Rubens Barrichello, as the pair set the ninth and 13th-fastest times respectively.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
They were split by Coulthard and the Ligier drivers, with Martin Brundle ahead of Olivier Panis, despite the former crashing at La Rascasse and removing his rear wing as the rain fell. Gianni Morbidelli, who took 14th place, was another driver to crash during the sudden change to wet conditions, as did Footwork teammate Taki Inoue on his way to 24th position. Minardi drivers Luca Badoer and Pierluigi Martini occupied the provisional eighth row of the grid, just ahead of Tyrrell teammates Mika Salo and Ukyo Katayama, both of whom complained of poor handling over the bumps and understeer, despite the expected benefits of the Hydrolink suspension.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
Towards the back of the Thursday time sheet, Schiattarella and Verstappen shared the former's chassis to set the 20th and 19th-fastest times respectively, as Verstappen's gearbox was still refusing to run smoothly. Schiattarella spun at La Rascasse and attempted to execute a spin-turn at the blind entry to the corner, almost collecting Roberto Moreno's Forti in the process; he was given a $20,000 fine, suspended for three races, for "creating a very dangerous situation". Verstappen then took over the car and crashed it, restricting the Simtek team to a total of nine laps between its two drivers.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
Behind Boullion, Andrea Montermini (Pacific) set the 22nd-quickest time, ahead of Moreno, who had to share his car with Diniz after the latter's gearbox failed, restricting him to 25th place, over four seconds slower than his teammate. Occupying the last spot on the provisional grid, Bertrand Gachot failed to set a time due to a sheared brake disc on his Pacific, which caused his left-rear wheel to fall off on his first out-lap, forcing him to abandon his car out on the circuit.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
After taking Friday off – a feature of the event timetable unique to Monaco – the drivers returned to action on Saturday in bright and warm conditions. Hill set the pace with a time of 1:23.468, which was the fastest lap of the weekend thus far. He was almost 0.8 seconds ahead of Alesi, who in turn led Coulthard, Häkkinen, Berger and Panis. Schumacher was back in seventh place after damaging his car's suspension in a collision with Frentzen exiting Casino Square, restricting him to 11 laps only. Frentzen later crashed heavily after losing control under braking for Massenet, punching a hole in the Sauber's monocoque in the process. Blundell also crashed his McLaren at La Rascasse, but the damage was easier to repair.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
The main drama of the day occurred after the practice session had ended. Inoue had spun and stalled his Footwork, which was being towed back to the pit lane by a recovery vehicle when it was struck from behind by the Renault Clio safety car – which was being taken on quick demonstration laps of the circuit in the hands of rally driver Jean Ragnotti, with the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile's press delegate as passenger – in the middle of the Piscine complex.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
The impact was sufficient to overturn the Footwork and render it a write-off: the FA16 sustained severe rear-end damage to the engine and gearbox, whilst the tow rope, attached to the car's crash structure behind the driver's head, pulled the roll hoop from the chassis. Inoue, who still sitting in the cockpit with his helmet on but his seatbelts unfastened, sustained two impacts to the head, the severity of which was shown by the fact that a chunk had been taken out of his helmet.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
He was taken to The Princess Grace Hospital Centre for a brain scan and, although he was found to have sustained only a slight concussion, was not permitted to take part in the afternoon qualifying session as a precaution. The Footwork team principal, Jackie Oliver, was infuriated by the incident, and wrote an official letter of complaint to the Automobile Club de Monaco, the body responsible for organising the event. He said that Inoue would have been killed had he not been wearing his helmet, and questioned the organisation of the ACM and Ragnotti's attitude: "Why was Ragnotti out there?


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
It's just lack of discipline. I understand he had accomplished a couple of laps before at a million miles an hour with handbrake turns at the Loews hairpin. What was the purpose of him doing it? Was it to give officials a thrill?" The stewards tacitly acknowledged that the incident was not Inoue's fault by authorising him to use the team's spare car for qualifying, but this was rendered academic by his non-participation in the session.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
Damon Hill, commenting on taking pole position, and the prospect of adding to his father's total of Monaco wins, on Saturday.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
The afternoon's final qualifying session took place in similar good weather conditions to the morning's running. The Ligier drivers were the first to set quick times, and then the leading drivers began to complete their first runs: Schumacher took provisional pole position with a time of 1:23.139, set twenty minutes into the session, and Berger went 0.5 seconds to move up to third. Five minutes later, Hill lowered the benchmark to 1:23.294; Schumacher responded with a time of 1:22.742 eight minutes afterwards; and then Hill put pole position beyond the reach of anyone else after completing a lap in 1:22.115.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
Schumacher was unable to improve his time on his final run, and then Hill trimmed the pole time to 1:21.952 with his own last effort of the session. It was a dominant performance from the Williams team leader, who went fastest in each of the circuit's three timing sectors, and set three distinct lap times which were all faster than Schumacher's best. Whilst Hill was delighted with his performance, Schumacher found that his Benetton was more difficult to control, and he blamed the disruptive effect of his collision with Frentzen in the morning session for the 0.8 second gap between him and Hill.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
Behind the two leading runners, Ferrari's challenge for pole position faded during the final session. Alesi's car ground to a halt on his first out-lap of the session after losing hydraulic pressure, and he had to share Berger's chassis for the remainder of qualifying. This forced Berger to hurry through his planned programme, making three runs instead of four, before handing his car over to his teammate. The extensive adjustments required to tailor the car's pedal system from Berger to Alesi's preferred set-up meant that he left the pits with only two minutes and 38 seconds of the session remaining.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
Alesi thus had time for just one flying lap, which was spoiled when Irvine crashed his Jordan at Tabac during the final minutes. As a result, Alesi failed to improve on his Thursday time and dropped to fifth place on the grid, half a second and one position behind Berger. The team's problems allowed Coulthard to improve to third place with a time of 1:23.109, continuing his progress as he became more familiar with the circuit.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
Häkkinen was another driver to be caught out by Irvine's crash at the end of the session, restricting him to sixth place on the grid ahead of Herbert, who was satisfied to qualify only a second behind Schumacher. Blundell rounded out the top ten in the second McLaren, despite going up the escape road after missing his braking point at Sainte Dévote. Brundle took eighth and Irvine ninth despite his crash, which meant that all six of the British drivers qualified in the top ten.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
Barrichello, outqualified by Irvine at every event thus far in 1995, set the 11th-fastest time, ahead of Panis – who complained of heavy traffic – and Morbidelli. Frentzen, like Alesi, was scheduled to take over his teammate's car after his own proved too heavily damaged to repair, but the Sauber team's programme was interrupted when Boullion crashed, also at Massanet. Frentzen thus failed to set a time and dropped to 14th on the grid, whilst Boullion had improved his time by three seconds before crashing, and took 19th place.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
They were split by the Tyrrell and Minardi drivers, in the order of Katayama, Badoer, Salo and Martini. Nearing the back of the grid, Schiattarella outqualified Verstappen for the first time by taking 20th position on the grid; Verstappen failed to improve on his Thursday time after another crash and further gearbox problems, and was restricted to 23rd. Gachot set the 21st-fastest time for Pacific, but on this occasion it was Montermini's turn to not set a time as a result of his car suffering a gearbox failure; he dropped to 25th place. As on Thursday, the Forti drivers again had to share a single car, as Moreno's car developed a misfire: he qualified in 24th position, two places behind Diniz. The grid, which was covered by just over 9.5 seconds, was completed by the absent Inoue.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Race
On Sunday morning, a pre-race warm-up session took place at 11:00 local time, and lasted for 30 minutes. It took place in dry weather conditions. Alesi led his teammate Berger at the top of the standings with a time of 1:24.356; both Ferrari drivers trying their race and spare cars. Schumacher was third, ahead of Häkkinen, Herbert, and Hill, who was concerned about the development of understeer in the handling of his race car, particularly in the track's slower corners.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Race
Coulthard set the 11th-fastest time, and the Williams team, worried about its cars' pace in race trim, opted to switch its planned pit strategy from one stop to two, hoping that the cars would handle better on the relatively lighter fuel load required for such tactics. Meanwhile, the Sauber mechanics had built up a new spare car for Frentzen (who was now driving the team's original spare car after the damage to his race car was found to be irreparable) and also repaired Boullion's damaged machine. Their Jordan counterparts had performed similar work on Irvine's car, whilst Barrichello's car suffered a broken wheel rim. Inoue was cleared to race, and set the slowest time of the session in the spare Footwork.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Race
As was traditional in Monaco, the race began at the relatively late time of 15:30, allowing Prince Rainier and his family to eat lunch before viewing the event from the royal box on the start-finish straight. The race took place in warm, sunny conditions, with an ambient temperature of 23 °C (73 °F), and was watched by a total of approximately 48,000 spectators. As the drivers completed their reconnaissance laps from the pit-lane to the starting grid, an oil leak was discovered on Frentzen's Sauber, so he switched to the newly built spare car in time for the start.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Race
As the green light signalled the start of the race, Hill and Schumacher both made brisk starts and led into Sainte Dévote, but behind them a multiple collision between Coulthard and the two Ferraris caused the race to be red-flagged to a halt. Coulthard was slightly slower away from the line and was challenged on the outside of the run to the first corner by Berger, and on the inside by Alesi.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Race
As the track narrowed at the entry to Sainte Devote, there was not enough space for the three cars to run side-by-side, and Alesi made contact with the rear-right quarter of Coulthard's car, which in turn pushed it into Berger. The Williams was launched up into the air and spun through 180 degrees before crashing down again and coming to a halt at the apex of the corner with broken suspension, whilst the two damaged Ferraris also made further contact with each other before coming to rest at the same point.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Race
Most of the pursuing drivers, led by Brundle, threaded their way through the stationary cars, but Irvine knocked off his front wing, Boullion sustained a broken diffuser, and Katayama, Salo, Morbidelli, Inoue and Schiattarella were all forced to come to a halt as they negotiated the obstacles. With the track now completely blocked, the race was halted and preparations were immediately made for a completely fresh start.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Race
Coulthard, Berger and Alesi's cars had been damaged beyond immediate repair; all three were thus forced to race their teams' spare cars, vindicating Ferrari's customary Monaco practice of bringing an additional car for each driver. Berger's spare car, however, was fitted with an earlier-specification engine that did not produce quite as much power as his race car or Alesi's spare car, whilst the throttle on Coulthard's car was not fully calibrated in the rush to ready it for the restarted race.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Race
Irvine's Jordan and Boullion's Sauber were repaired, and the other drivers stuck at the first corner were able to restart their cars, apart from Salo and Schiattarella: the former's Yamaha engine overheated in the jam, requiring him to take the restart from the pit-lane in the spare Tyrrell, and the latter's Simtek was damaged by marshals attempting to move it from the scene of the accident.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Race
The impoverished team lacked a spare car, so Schiattarella could not take any further part in the race, and Simtek's participation in the event was ended – without either car completing a racing lap – when Verstappen's car suffered a recurrence of its persistent gearbox problems and was pushed into the pit-lane as the rest of the field embarked upon the second formation lap.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Race
At the restart, Hill and Schumacher again held their positions, whilst Coulthard led the more circumspect Ferraris through Sainte Dévote, with Alesi jumping ahead of Berger. On this occasion there were no major incidents, although Katayama sustained light damage to his car's front wing as a result of a brush with Morbidelli. As the drivers completed the first lap, Hill led by 0.5 seconds from Schumacher, who was followed in turn by Coulthard, Alesi, Berger, Herbert, Häkkinen, Irvine, Brundle, Barrichello, Blundell, Panis, Frentzen, Badoer, Morbidelli, Katayama, Martini, Boullion, Gachot, Moreno, Montermini, Salo, Diniz and Inoue.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Race
In the early laps, Hill gradually built a lead of nearly two seconds over Schumacher by lap 10, with the two pulling away in tandem from Coulthard, who was at this point a further eight seconds behind the Benetton. By this stage there had already been two retirements: Häkkinen's Mercedes engine failed due to a fuel pump drive problem on the ninth lap of the race, and Moreno spun at Sainte Dévote when a brake fluid leak caused him to lose control of his Forti a lap later. Morbidelli also made an early unscheduled stop to cure a serious tyre vibration caused by a section of tie-rope from a tyre-warming blanket becoming jammed in one of his rear wheels, the Footwork driver dropping to the tail of the field in the process.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Race
This was the third event to take place with electronic sensors monitoring every car for jump-starts, and at this stage of the race, six drivers (Barrichello, Brundle, Montermini, Frentzen, Morbidelli and Panis) were issued with ten-second stop-go penalties for this offence. All except Montermini came in promptly to serve their penalties – some even having to form a queue in the penalty area – but the Pacific driver failed to pit within the stipulated three laps of receiving it, whereupon he was disqualified from the race, having climbed to 17th place before belatedly serving his penalty.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Race
The penalised drivers dropped back through the field as a result of losing time, with the result that after 16 laps completed, the race order was: Hill, Schumacher, Coulthard, Alesi, Berger, Herbert, Irvine, Blundell, Badoer, Katayama, Brundle, Martini, Barrichello, Panis, Frentzen, Boullion, Salo, Montermini (yet to serve his penalty), Gachot, Inoue, Diniz and Morbidelli.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix, Report, Post-race
The incident between Inoue and the safety car in practice was referred to the FIA World Motor Sport Council, which met one month after the race. The ACM received no punishment for the incident, and negotiated the payment of damages to Footwork directly with the team.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix Formula Three
Results from the 1995 Monaco Grand Prix Formula Three held at Monte Carlo on May 27, 1995, in the Circuit de Monaco.


1995 Monaco Grand Prix Formula Three, Classification
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1995 Monaco Grand Prix Formula Three, Classification
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1995 Monegasque municipal elections
The 1995 Monegasque municipal elections were held on 19 February to elect the 15 members of the Communal Council of Monaco.


1995 Monegasque municipal elections, Electoral system
Monegasque citizens over 18 were entitled to vote. The 15 councillors were elected for a four-year period in a single multi-member constituency using plurality-at-large voting with a two-round system. A majority of the votes was required to be elected. The second round would have been held one week after the first round. The Mayor of Monaco was elected by the councillors after the election. Candidates were required to be at least 21 years old and to have the Monegasque nationality for at least 5 years.


1995 Mongolian National Championship
The 1995 Mongolian National Championship was the twenty-eighth recorded edition of the Mongolian National Championship for football, with the first tournament taking place in 1955 and no tournament held in 1965 or apparently in 1977. It would appear however that championships were contested between 1956 and 1963, as sources note that a team called Aldar, the Mongolian Army Sports Club, won the title on numerous occasions during that time. Nonetheless, the 1995 national championship, which was the last iteration before the tournament was restructured into the Mongolian Premier League, was won for the first, and to date only time by Idsskh, a Mongolian all-university team.


1995 Monmouth Hawks football team
The 1995 Monmouth Hawks football team represented Monmouth University in the 1995 NCAA Division I-AA football season. This year was the team's final season as an NCAA Division I-AA independent program before transitioning to being a member of the Northeast Conference (NEC). The Hawks were led by third-year head coach Kevin Callahan and played their home games at Kessler Field. They finished the season with a record of 7–3.


1995 Montana Grizzlies football team
The 1995 Montana Grizzlies football team represented the University of Montana in the 1995 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The Grizzlies were led by tenth-year head coach Don Read and played their home games on campus at Washington–Grizzly Stadium in Missoula.


1995 Montana Grizzlies football team
Montana finished the regular season at 9–2 and 6–1 in conference to win the Big Sky title, and were eighth in the final poll at the end of the regular season. The Grizzlies won four playoff games, the first three at home, to win the Division I-AA national championship and finish at 13–2.


1995 Montana State Bobcats football team
The 1995 Montana State Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Montana State University in the Big Sky Conference during the 1995 NCAA Division I-AA football season. In their fourth season under head coach Cliff Hysell, the Bobcats compiled a 5–6 record (2–5 against Big Sky opponents) and finished seventh in the Big Sky.


1995 Monte Carlo Open
The 1995 Monte Carlo Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts and took place at the Monte Carlo Country Club in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France, near Monte Carlo, Monaco. The event was part of the Super 9 series of the 1995 ATP Tour. It was the 89th edition of the tournament and was held from 24 April through 30 April 1995. Ninth-seeded Thomas Muster won the singles title, his second title at the event after 1992. It was the closest Becker ever got to winning a clay court tournament, as he missed a match point on his own serve with a double-fault in the fourth-set tiebreaker.


1995 Monte Carlo Open, Finals, Singles
Thomas Muster defeated  Boris Becker, 4–6, 5–7, 6–1, 7–6(8–6), 6–0


1995 Monte Carlo Open, Finals, Doubles
Jacco Eltingh /  Paul Haarhuis defeated  Luis Lobo /  Javier Sánchez, 6–3, 6–4


1995 Monte Carlo Open – Doubles
Nicklas Kulti and Magnus Larsson were the defending champions, but lost in second round to Lan Bale and John-Laffnie de Jager.


1995 Monte Carlo Open – Doubles
Jacco Eltingh and Paul Haarhuis won the title by defeating Luis Lobo and Javier Sánchez 6–3, 6–4 in the final.


1995 Monte Carlo Open – Doubles, Seeds
The top four seeds received a bye into the second round.


1995 Monte Carlo Open – Singles
Andriy Medvedev was the defending champion, but lost in the first round this year.


1995 Monte Carlo Open – Singles
Thomas Muster won the title, defeating Boris Becker 4–6, 5–7, 6–1, 7–6(8–6), 6–0 in the final.


1995 Monte Carlo Rally
The 1995 Monte Carlo Rally was the 63rd Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo. It was won by Carlos Sainz.


1995 Montreal Expos season
The 1995 Montreal Expos season was the 27th season in franchise history. Finishing with a record 66-74, a last place finish and 24 games behind the World Series champion Atlanta Braves.


1995 Montreal Expos season, Spring training
The Expos held spring training at West Palm Beach Municipal Stadium in West Palm Beach, Florida – a facility they shared with the Atlanta Braves. It was their 19th season at the stadium; they had conducted spring training there from 1969 to 1972 and since 1981.


1995 Montreal Expos season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1995 Montreal Expos season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1995 Montreal Expos season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1995 Montreal Expos season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1995 Montreal Expos season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1995 Moray Council election
Elections to the Moray Council were held on 6 April 1995, the same day as the other Scottish local government elections. The election saw the SNP winning control of the council for the first time, taking control from the previous Independent administration.


1995 Moroccan constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Morocco on 15 September 1995. The amendment was made in order to change the date on which the annual Finance Act must be passed. It was approved by 99.6% of voters, with a 70.2% turnout.


1995 Mosconi Cup
The 1995 Interplay Mosconi Cup, the second edition of the annual nine-ball pool competition between teams representing Europe and the United States, took place 7–10 December 1995 at the Festival Hall in Basildon, England.


1995 Mosconi Cup
Team Europe won the Mosconi Cup by defeating Team USA 16–15.


1995 Moscow Ladies Open
The 1995 Moscow Ladies Open was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Olympic Stadium in Moscow in Russia that was part of Tier III of the 1995 WTA Tour.


1995 Moscow Ladies Open
It was held from 18 September through 23 September 1995, and was the fifth edition of the WTA tournament inaugurated under the title of Virginia Slims of Moscow in 1989.


1995 Moscow Ladies Open
It was Anna Kournikova's WTA Tour debut. In the singles she made her way through qualification and, after beating German Marketa Kochta in the first round of the main draw, lost in the second round to third-seeded Belgian Sabine Appelmans.


1995 Moscow Ladies Open, Finals, Doubles
Meredith McGrath /  Larisa Savchenko-Neiland defeated  Anna Kournikova /  Aleksandra Olsza 6–1, 6–0


1995 Moscow Ladies Open – Doubles
The 1995 Moscow Ladies Open – Doubles was a tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Olympic Stadium in Moscow in Russia that was part of 1995 Moscow Ladies Open. The tournament was held from September 18 through September 23, 1995.


1995 Moscow Ladies Open – Doubles
Elena Makarova and Eugenia Maniokova were the defending champions but lost in the first round to Anna Kournikova and Aleksandra Olsza.


1995 Moscow Ladies Open – Doubles
Meredith McGrath and Larisa Savchenko won in the final 6–1, 6–0 against Kournikova and Olsza.


1995 Moscow Ladies Open – Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


1995 Moscow Ladies Open – Singles
The 1995 Moscow Ladies Open – Singles was a tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Olympic Stadium in Moscow in Russia that was part of 1995 Moscow Ladies Open. The tournament was held from September 18 through September 23, 1995.


1995 Moscow Ladies Open – Singles
Magdalena Maleeva was the defending champion and won in the final 6–4, 6–2 against Elena Makarova.


1995 Moscow Ladies Open – Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.


1995 Moscow Victory Day Parades
The Moscow Victory Day Parades of 1995 (Russian: Парад Победы, tr. Parad Pobedy) were two military parades held on 9 May 1995 to commemorate the historic 50th anniversary golden jubilee of the capitulation of Nazi Germany to the Soviet Union in 1945. The parades marked the Soviet Union's victory in the Great Patriotic War. These were the first post-Soviet military parades held in Russia the first one being in held for veterans on Red Square at 8:00 in the morning followed by another parade of infantry and military equipment at Poklonnaya Hill at 3:00 in the afternoon.


1995 Moscow Victory Day Parades, Poklonnaya Hill Parade
The Poklonnaya Parade was the first parade in the post-Soviet era and the only one in the Yeltsin era to feature military hardware, which would not be displayed again until 2008.


1995 Moscow Victory Day Parades, Poklonnaya Hill Parade
The parade was observed by Russian leaders and foreign dignitaries from a provisional facade. Major political figures attending were President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin, First Lady Naina Yeltsina, and Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin. The parade was inspected by Minister of Defence General of the Army Pavel Grachev, who later made the keynote address (the last time that the Minister of Defense made such an address on a national parade) and commanded by Moscow Military District Commander Colonel General Leonid Kuznetsov. It was on that very parade where Russian soldiers paraded with new post-Soviet military uniforms. It was the first time since 1957 that aviation took part in the parade.


1995 Moscow Victory Day Parades, Poklonnaya Hill Parade
Among the new additions that debuted were the BMP-3, BMD-3, S-300 missile system, BM-30 Smerch and the 2S19 Msta SPG.


1995 Moscow Victory Day Parades, Red Square Parade
The Red Square Parade was the another parade held in post-Soviet and in the Yeltsin era but did not feature military hardware, which would not be displayed again until 2008. This parade would feature all surviving veterans from all fronts marching past Red Square. The parade was observed by Russian leaders from Lenin's Mausoleum and more than 50 world leaders, most notably United Nations Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali, President Jacques Santer, United States President Bill Clinton, Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chretien, British Prime Minister John Major, Chinese President Jiang Zemin, Azerbaijani President Heydar Aliyev and Uzbek President Islam Karimov.


1995 Moscow Victory Day Parades, Red Square Parade
Major political figures attending were President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin and Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin. The parade was inspected by retired Marshal of the Soviet Union Viktor Kulikov and commanded by retired General of the Army Vladimir Govorov. In this parade, Russian President Boris Yeltsin delivered his first Victory Day address. This parade was also the only to feature and show the Iberian Gate and Chapel under construction on Red Square, which was later finished the following year. Among the notable veteran participants was pilot Stepan Borozenets.


1995 Moscow Victory Day Parades, Dignitaries in Attendance
In March 1995, White House Press Secretary Mike McCurry announced a state visit by President Bill Clinton to Russia on 9 and 10 May to attend the celebrations as well as another visit to Ukraine on 11 May. One of the largest gathering of world leaders in Russian history, the 1995 parade was attended by a total of 56 foreign heads of state and government, along with 6 multilateral leaders.


1995 Moscow Victory Day Parades, Dignitaries in Attendance
Also present were plenty of Foreign Diplomats and representatives of all Second World War veterans from the European and Mediterranean Theaters of Operations.


1995 Mountain Dew Southern 500
The 1995 Mountain Dew Southern 500, the 46th running of the event, was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series race held on September 3, 1995 at Darlington Raceway in Darlington, South Carolina. Contested at 367 laps on the 1.366 mile (2.198 km) speedway, it was the twenty-third race of the 1995 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season. Jeff Gordon of Hendrick Motorsports won the race.


1995 Mountain Dew Southern 500
John Andretti would earn his first pole position while Ed Berrier would make his NASCAR debut in this event.


1995 Mr. Olympia
The 1995 Mr. Olympia contest was an IFBB professional bodybuilding competition held on September 10, 1995, at the Atlanta Civic Center in Atlanta, Georgia.


1995 Ms. Olympia
The 1995 Ms. Olympia contest was an IFBB professional bodybuilding competition was held on September 9, 1995, in Atlanta, Georgia. It was the 16th Ms. Olympia competition held.


1995 Munster Senior Hurling Championship Final
The 1995 Munster Senior Hurling Championship Final was a hurling match played on 9 July 1995 at Semple Stadium, Thurles, County Tipperary. It was contested by Clare and Limerick. Clare claimed their first Munster Championship since 1932 and fourth ever after beating Limerick on a scoreline of 1-17 to 0-11. Clare were leading the game by 1-5 to 0-7 at half time.


1995 Munster Senior Hurling Championship Final
With the scores at 0-5 to 0-3 in Clare's favour in the first half, Davy Fitzgerald scored from a penalty five minutes before the break, crashing the ball high into the net at the town end before sprinting back to his goal-line. In 2005 this penalty goal came fifth in the Top 20 GAA Moments poll by the Irish public. Clare were captained by Anthony Daly and managed by Ger Loughnane in his first year.


1995 Munster Senior Hurling Championship Final
Clare had defeated Cork in the semi-final by 2-13 to 3-09 to reach the final, while Limerick had defeated Tipperary by 0-16 to 0-15 in their semi-final.


1995 Munster Senior Hurling Championship Final
The match was screened live by RTÉ as part of The Sunday Game programme with commentary by Ger Canning and analysis by Éamonn Cregan.


1995 Muratti Time Indoor
The 1995 Muratti Time Indoor, known as such for sponsorship reasons, was an ATP men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Assago Forum Milan, Italy that was part of the Championship Series of the 1995 ATP Tour. It was the 18th edition of the tournament and took place from 13 February until 19 February 1995. Fifth-seeded Yevgeny Kafelnikov won the singles title and earned $128,000 first-prize money.


1995 Muratti Time Indoor, Finals, Doubles
Boris Becker /  Guy Forget defeated  Petr Korda /  Karel Nováček, 6–2, 6–4


1995 Muratti Time Indoor – Doubles
Tom Nijssen and Cyril Suk were the defending champions, but competed this year with different partners. Nijssen teamed up with Menno Oosting and lost in the quarterfinals to Petr Korda and Karel Nováček, while Suk teamed up with Hendrik Jan Davids and lost in the semifinals to Boris Becker and Guy Forget.


1995 Muratti Time Indoor – Doubles
Becker and Forget won the title by defeating Korda and Nováček 6–2, 6–4 in the final.


1995 Muratti Time Indoor – Singles
Boris Becker was the defending champion, but lost in the final to Yevgeny Kafelnikov. The score was 7–5, 5–7, 7–6(8–6).


1995 Murcian regional election
The 1995 Murcian regional election was held on Sunday, 28 May 1995, to elect the 4th Regional Assembly of the autonomous community of the Region of Murcia. All 45 seats in the Regional Assembly were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with regional elections in twelve other autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain.


1995 Murcian regional election
Former president Carlos Collado had been forced to resign in April 1993 by his own party, the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), as a result of the ongoing struggle between the two main party factions (the guerristas and the renovadores) and a political scandal over the purchase of the Casa Grande estate. He was replaced by María Antonia Martínez, the first woman presiding over a Spanish autonomous community as well as the only one to date holding the office in the Region of Murcia.


1995 Murcian regional election
The crisis resulting in Collado's resignation was among the factors said to contribute to the opposition People's Party (PP) spectacular gains in that year's June general election, overcoming the PSOE as the most voted party in the region for the first time in democracy; a feat which was confirmed in the 1994 European Parliament election.


1995 Murcian regional election
The regional election resulted in the PP consolidating its gains, winning by a landslide as the vote for the ruling PSOE plummeted. PP leader Ramón Luis Valcárcel would become the new President of the Region of Murcia, with the PP remaining in government ever since. The PP would also remain the prime party of Murcian politics until 2019.


1995 Murcian regional election, Overview, Electoral system
The Regional Assembly of Murcia was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Murcia, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Murcian Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a regional president.


1995 Murcian regional election, Overview, Electoral system
Voting for the Regional Assembly was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over eighteen, registered in the Region of Murcia and in full enjoyment of their political rights. The 45 members of the Regional Assembly of Murcia were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of five percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied regionally. Seats were allocated to constituencies, which were established by law as follows:


1995 Murcian regional election, Overview, Electoral system
Each constituency was entitled to an initial minimum of one seat, with the remaining 40 allocated among the constituencies in proportion to their populations.


1995 Murcian regional election, Overview, Election date
The term of the Regional Assembly of Murcia expired four years after the date of its previous election. Elections to the Regional Assembly were fixed for the fourth Sunday of May every four years. The previous election was held on 26 May 1991, setting the election date for the Regional Assembly on Sunday, 28 May 1995.


1995 Murcian regional election, Overview, Election date
The Regional Assembly of Murcia could not be dissolved before the date of expiry of parliament except in the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional president within a two-month period from the first ballot. In such a case, the Regional Assembly was to be automatically dissolved and a snap election called, with elected deputies merely serving out what remained of their four-year terms.


1995 Murcian regional election, Parties and candidates
The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the Region of Murcia, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.


1995 Murcian regional election, Parties and candidates
Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:


1995 Murcian regional election, Opinion polls
The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a given poll. When available, seat projections are also displayed below the voting estimates in a smaller font. 23 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Regional Assembly of Murcia.


1995 Myanmar–China earthquake
The 1995 Menglian earthquake or 1995 Myanmar–China earthquake occurred on 12 July at 05:46:43 local time in the Myanmar–China border region. The earthquake had an epicenter on the Myanmar side of the border, located in the mountainous region of Shan State. It registered 7.3 on the Chinese surface wave magnitude scale (Ms ) and 6.8 on the moment magnitude scale (Mw ). With a maximum Mercalli intensity assigned at VIII, the quake killed eleven people and left another 136 injured. Over 100,000 homes in both countries were destroyed and 42,000 seriously damaged.


1995 Myanmar–China earthquake
Some damage to structures were also reported in Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai, Thailand. The low death toll from this earthquake was attributed to an early warning issued prior to it happening. Precursor events including foreshocks and some seismic anomalies led to an evacuation of the area before the mainshock struck. It is thought to be one of the few successfully predicted earthquakes in history.


1995 Myanmar–China earthquake, Tectonic setting
The Shan Plateau which encompasses Yunnan and Shan State is crisscrossed by strike-slip structures to accommodate crustal rotation of the Sunda Block and deformation as a result of the India-Asia collision where the Indian Plate is underthrusted beneath the Eurasian Plate. The Shan Plateau formed by uplift along the Shan Scarp Fault Zone, an inactive shear zone and reverse or thrust fault along its western base. Located east of the Shan Scarp Fault is the active Sagaing Fault, a dextral transform fault that separates the Burma Plate from the Sunda Plate. At the northern boundary of the Shan Plateau lies the Red River Fault, an active 1,000 km-long dextral fault. Bookshelf-style faulting as a result of shear deformation between the Red River and Sagaing faults have resulted in predominantly right-lateral strike-slip faulting within the Shan Plateau.


1995 Myanmar–China earthquake, Earthquake
The earthquake occurred as a result of dextral strike-slip faulting at a shallow depth in the Shan Plateau. It ruptured a previously unmapped northwest–southeast striking strike-slip structure not far from the faults involved in the 1988 Lancang earthquake. Strike-slip faulting within the Shan Plateau are the result of "bookshelf-style" faulting, caused by crustal deformation as it is situated between the Sagaing Fault and Red River Fault. It is believed that the 1995 earthquake was triggered by the transfer of stress from the 1988 earthquake.


1995 Myanmar–China earthquake, Earthquake
Modelling of the earthquake suggest that most of the displacements in the southeastern rupture zone occurred at depths of 0 to 6 km. The greatest slip was detected at 4 km, having moved by 1.9 meters. In the northwestern rupture, the fault had a maximum slip of 2.5 meters, traced to 5 km depth. Rupture was also detected on the surface. The total length of the northwestern and southeastern faults is approximately 38 km.


1995 Myanmar–China earthquake, Earthquake, Foreshocks and aftershocks
In the days leding-up to the mainshock in this earthquake sequence, it was preceded by a series of foreshocks. The largest of which measured 5.5 and 6.2 on the Richter scale (ML ). According to the Yunnan Seismic Network Center, in the 100 days after the Ms  7.3 mainshock, some 872 aftershocks were recorded with a magnitude greater than 2.0 ML . Most of the aftershocks were recorded within the first 100 days after the earthquake. The aftershocks only released 4% of the total energy released during the mainshock.


1995 Myanmar–China earthquake, Earthquake, Foreshocks and aftershocks
The United States Geological Survey recorded the largest foreshocks at 5.9 Mw  and 5.0 mb . Three additional foreshocks had magnitudes of 4.9 or 4.7. The 5.9 Mw  foreshock resulted in some damage in Menglian County and was felt in Thailand.


1995 Myanmar–China earthquake, Earthquake, Prediction
Between 19 September 1994 and 12 May 1995, a cluster of earthquakes measuring 4.7 Ms  or greater was detected on the Myanmar-China border region. Seismologists also detected strange anomalies in the seismological parameters in that region. Changes to water levels in Shidian County were also interpreted as signs of a large earthquake.


1995 Myanmar–China earthquake, Earthquake, Prediction
After the 6.2 ML  foreshock on July 10, the Yunnan Seismological Bureau dispatched a team to the region closest to the epicenter. A meeting was also conducted and seismologists concluded that a mainshock of magnitude of ~7.0 should strike. An evacuation order was recommended by scientists from the Yunnan Provincial Earthquake Administration after the forecast. Less than 30 hours after that forecast, the mainshock struck.


1995 Myanmar–China earthquake, Intensity
The highest shaking intensity caused by this earthquake was located in Myanmar. In Yunnan Province, the earthquake was strongly felt over an area 10,400 km2. The districts and prefectures in Yunnan that were affected included the Simao District, Linxiang District and Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture. Thirty-nine townships and 2,242 villages across five counties; Menglian, Ximeng, Lancang, Cangyuan and Menghai were located within the earthquake zone, impacting an estimated 127,420 households housing 577,188 people.


1995 Myanmar–China earthquake, Intensity
Intensity VIII on the China Seismic Intensity Scale covered an area of 110 km2 in Yunnan. Many brick and wood constructed walls of residential buildings suffered large cracks. Structural deformation to roof trusses and some building collapses occurred within this intensity zone. North-east and northwest-trending ground tears up to 2 meters wide were reported. These fissures ran for approximately 2 km. Some minor landslides were also observed.


1995 Myanmar–China earthquake, Intensity
The zone of intensity VII extended north at Wenggake of Ximeng County, Menglian County in the east and Lalei in the south for an area of 1580 km2. Many brick and wood constructed homes in this zone were severely cracked. Many walls were either badly damaged or had totally collapsed. Some roof shingles on homes also suffered major damage during the tremor.


1995 Myanmar–China earthquake, Intensity
Intensity VI zone covered a 10400 km2 area, from extends to Nuoliang in Cangyuan County in the north, Fubang in Lancang County in the east, and Daluo in Menghai County in the south. Most masonry and wooden buildings had minor damage such as small cracks in the walls. Minimal damage on roof shingles on most structures in the zone. Overall, most structures had limited damage because they were well retrofitted and constructed with seismic codes in place after the 1988 Lancang earthquake.


1995 Myanmar–China earthquake, Impact
A preliminary report by ReliefWeb on July 12 stated that two women suffered fatal heart attacks while 36 individuals were injured, two of them seriously. Nineteen buildings were destroyed while many schools, factories and public infrastructures were damaged. A team of scientists were assigned to survey the area but could not reach the affected area due to road damage.


1995 Myanmar–China earthquake, Impact
In Chiang Rai, Thailand, the earthquake damaged a major electrical generator, cutting power to many the town. The Government of Thailand also ordered that dams reserviors and bridges be inspected for damage.


1995 Myanmar–China earthquake, Impact
According to an estimate by Xinhua news agency on July 19, the total damage caused by earthquake was US$36 million. At least 329 schools, 143 hospitals, 200,000 homes, 165 government offices and more than 500 factories and military bases in Menglian, Ximeng, Lancang and Cangyuan counties were significantlly damaged by the quake. The death toll was also revised to 11 while the number of injured rose to 136. A further 600,000 people were impacted by the quake as well.


1995 Myanmar–China earthquake, Impact, Response
After the mainshock struck, the Yunnan Seismological Bureau immediately entered a state of emergency, establishing headquarters and sending more scientists to Menglian to plan disaster assessments, inspections, surveillance, and send out reports. The National Earthquake Administration and the People's Government of Yunnan Province formally praised the Yunnan Seismological Bureau for the prediction of the earthquake, resulting in a minimal loss of life.


1995 Myeong-Dong migrant labor protest
The 1995 Myeong-Dong Migrant Labor Protest occurred in front of the Myeong-Dong Catholic Church in Seoul, South Korea. The 9-day sit-in protest by 14 Nepalese migrant workers, which started on New Year’s Day and lasted until January 9, was a demonstration against the Industrial Trainee System and the inhumane working conditions that stem from this guest worker program. Several events that led up to the 1995 sit-in includes Jeon Tae-Il's death, as well as rising anti-foreign worker sentiment and activism from the Federation of Korean Trade Unions (FKTU) and the Korean Trade Unions Council (KTUC). The 1995 demonstration is notable for sparking the migrant labor rights movement, including the creation of the Migrant Worker Support Movement (MWSM) and the Joint Committee for Migrant Workers in Korea (JCMK).


1995 Myeong-Dong migrant labor protest, Background, Industrial Trainee System
The Industrial Trainee System (ITS) was implemented in November of 1991 to help rebuild the declining manufacturing sector. Under the ITS, small and medium-size companies in the manufacturing, construction, and fishing sectors were able to recruit foreign workers from China, Philippines, Indonesia, and other Southeast Asian countries, under the status of a "trainee" to work in South Korea for a temporary period of time.


1995 Myeong-Dong migrant labor protest, Background, Industrial Trainee System
As these migrant trainees did not have official working status, they were not protected by labor laws. Employers placed them in dangerous working conditions and trainees faced wage theft.


1995 Myeong-Dong migrant labor protest, Background, Industrial Trainee System
Many migrant trainees left their designated workplaces, which rendered them as unauthorized workers and placed them at risk of being deported. New employers took advantage of their legal vulnerability by threatening to call immigration if workers complained about their working conditions, perpetuating the cycle of inhumane working environments for undocumented migrant workers. Migrant labor activists described the ITP as a modern-day slavery system in South Korea that denied basic human and labor rights to migrant workers and in 1995, launched a historic protest to demand the end of the exploitative system.


1995 Myeong-Dong migrant labor protest, Background, Working Conditions & Discrimination
Migrant laborers in South Korea worked under dangerous circumstances. Some reported conditions include working long work days with only three hours of sleep; hourly wages below the minimum set by state labor legislation; chronic wage theft; inadequate job instruction, and high rates of workplace injury and accidents. Reports also revealed that employers restricted workers from leaving their positions, withheld worker immigration documents, called for immigration raids, as well as physically, verbally, and sexually abused workers.


1995 Myeong-Dong migrant labor protest, Background, Working Conditions & Discrimination
Furthermore, many South Koreans viewed migrant laborers as a threat to their ethnic homogeneity, imposing them to further discrimination.


1995 Myeong-Dong migrant labor protest, Background, Working Conditions & Discrimination
Overall, migrant workers have been pushed to the lower tier of the labor market. From the beginning, they faced social discrimination through being seen as a population of degenerate foreigners. With their sensitive immigration status’, being placed in inhumane workplace conditions and having minimal protection of their labor rights, they have been consistently taken advantage of.


1995 Myeong-Dong migrant labor protest, Background, Earlier Demonstrations, Death of Jeon Tae-Il
The death of Jeon Tae-Il, a labor rights activist, was referred to as a major influence in the inspiration and organization of the 1995 Protest, as well as the beginnings of the migrant labor rights movement. Jeon Tae-Il was a 22-year old tailor working in the PyeongHwa Clothing Market. On November 13, 1970, he set himself on fire while marching through the market yelling expressions such as “Workers are not machines!” and “Let us rest on Sundays!”.


1995 Myeong-Dong migrant labor protest, Background, Earlier Demonstrations, Death of Jeon Tae-Il
Although he was fighting for the labor rights movement overall, with no specification of migrant labor rights, he became a symbol for labor rights struggle and advocacy under South Korea’s strict military dictatorship. This set the scene for the labor rights movement for domestic workers, as well as the inspiration for the origins of the migrant labor rights movement. 25 years after the death of Jeon Tae-Il would be the 1995 Protest.


1995 Myeong-Dong migrant labor protest, Background, Earlier Demonstrations, Rising Anti-Foreign Worker Sentiment
Prior to the 1995 protest, anti-foreign worker sentiment was increasing across big cities that had large companies importing migrant laborers. The Federation of Korean Trade Unions (FKTU) and the Korea Trade Unions Council (KTUC) were at the forefront of this growing conception. They resisted legislation that would open the labor market to migrant workers, with the argument that this strips jobs away from domestic laborers. Thus, as migrant workers were in their beginning stages of outwardly expressing their struggle in the workplace and disagreement with the ITS, the FKTU and KTUC continued to support the ITS.


1995 Myeong-Dong migrant labor protest, Protest, Event
The protest began on New Year’s Day in 1995 at the Myeong-dong Cathedral, lasting a total of 9 days, in opposition against the Industrial Trainee System for systematically producing a population of vulnerable, bottom-tier migrant workers in the labor market. This sit-in protest was demonstrated by 13 Nepalese migrant workers previously contracted under the Industrial Trainee System. They publicized how they arrived in South Korea as trainees to escape poverty after finding that there were no available jobs in their home countries.


1995 Myeong-Dong migrant labor protest, Protest, Event
However, during their employment period, their employers had withheld their wages for over six months, with the reasoning that they would send the money directly back to the trainees’ families on their behalf, which was false. Furthermore, workers were consistently abused and beaten when demanding to receive their wages directly. After this conflict gained traction, and the increase of migrant workers expressing their struggles and concerns internally within their community, these demonstrators organized this protest.


1995 Myeong-Dong migrant labor protest, Protest, Event
During the 9 days of the protest, the demonstrators shackled their necks with iron chains, exposing their struggles as a migrant laborer, paralleling the image of a slave. Their signs and slogans said “Do not beat us. We are humans too, we are not slaves.” Other grassroots organizations, mostly religious, were also recorded to have protested along in solidarity of the migrant worker community.


1995 Myeong-Dong migrant labor protest, Protest, Response from State
After the 1995 Protest, the state acknowledged the systematic issues stemming from the Industrial Trainee System. They changed the Labor Standards Law to include migrant workers and industrial trainees contracted by the ITS in legislation regarding industrial accidents, medical insurances, and minimum wage arrangements.


1995 Myeong-Dong migrant labor protest, Protest, Response from State
Although the Protest is viewed as successful due to this relatively quick government response, it still did not address the issues of toxic and inhumane working conditions and the production cycle of unauthorized workers. This realization eventually led to the creation of the Migrant Workers’ Support Movement (MWSM) and Joint Committee for Migrant Workers in Korea (JCMK).


1995 Myeong-Dong migrant labor protest, Aftermath & Significance
The 1995 Protest is memorable for being the first major protest supporting the migrant worker community, front lining their struggles. Furthermore, the location of the protest, at the Myeong-Dong cathedral, is notable for being a stage for advocacy against the military dictatorship. The protest is also particularly significant for sparking the migrant worker rights activism after the demonstration. For example, it was recorded that Filipino migrant workers began utilizing Catholic churches as a community meeting spot to discuss abuse issues, leading to the support of domestic Catholic grassroots groups such as the Catholic Young Workers’ Group.


1995 Myeong-Dong migrant labor protest, Aftermath & Significance
The two major organizations created from the impact of the protest were the Migrant Workers Support Movement (MWSM) and the Joint Committee for Migrant Workers in Korea (JCMK).


1995 Myeong-Dong migrant labor protest, Aftermath & Significance, Migrant Workers Support Movement (MWSM)
The Migrant Workers Support Movement (MSWM) was an organization of religious groups, non-governmental organizations, and individuals in the migrant worker community that advocated for revised employer management styles and more lenient policies for foreign laborers. They organized more protests and focused on increasing awareness of migrant labor rights issues.


1995 Myeong-Dong migrant labor protest, Aftermath & Significance, Migrant Workers Support Movement (MWSM)
The MSWM is especially significant for being the first organization to push for the independent unionization of migrant laborers. Individuals from the migrant worker community were active in this organization, self-advocating for the formation of a union for their own.


1995 Myeong-Dong migrant labor protest, Aftermath & Significance, Joint Committee for Migrant Workers in Korea (JCMK)
The Joint Committee for Migrant Workers in Korea (JCMK) stemmed from the MSWM, created as one of its sub-organizations, to not only continue advocating for migrant labor rights but to also administer different types of services for the migrant labor community. Some of these services include cultural assimilation training, settlement counseling, and navigating medical care. They also planned various protests and demonstrations to demand migrant labor legislation reform.


1995 Myeong-Dong migrant labor protest, Aftermath & Significance, Joint Committee for Migrant Workers in Korea (JCMK)
The JCMK organized a number of campaigns and rallies to pressure the government to reform immigration labor policy while providing various services, such as cultural assimilation training, settlement counseling, and medical care, to foreign workers.


1995 NAIA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1995 NAIA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament was held in March at Mabee Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma. The 58th annual NAIA basketball tournament featured 32 teams playing in a single-elimination format.


1995 NAIA Division I football season
The 1995 NAIA Division I football season was the 40th season of college football sponsored by the NAIA, was the 26th season of play of the NAIA's top division for football.


1995 NAIA Division I football season
The season was played from August to November 1995 and culminated in the 1995 NAIA Champion Bowl playoffs and the 1995 NAIA Champion Bowl, played this year on December 2, 1995 at Doc Wadley Stadium in Tahlequah, Oklahoma, on the campus of Northeastern State University.


1995 NAIA Division I football season
Central State (OH) defeated Northeastern State in the Champion Bowl, 37–7, to win their third NAIA national title. It was the RiverHawks' second consecutive loss in the championship game and the Marauders' third title in six seasons.


1995 NAIA Division II football season
The 1995 NAIA Division II football season, as part of the 1995 college football season in the United States and the 40th season of college football sponsored by the NAIA, was the 26th season of play of the NAIA's lower division for football.


1995 NAIA Division II football season
The season was played from August to November 1995 and culminated in the 1995 NAIA Division II Football National Championship, played in Tacoma, Washington.


1995 NAIA Division II football season
Central Washington and Findlay played to a 21–21 tie and were named co-national champions. It was the Wildcats' first NAIA national title and the Oilers' third.


1995 NAPA 500
The 1995 NAPA 500 was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series racing event that took place on November 12, 1995, at Atlanta Motor Speedway in Hampton, Georgia.


1995 NAPA 500
NASCAR banned tinted windshields starting with this race, confiscating any that teams had in the pits before this one. The move to mandate clear windshields was to make it easier for drivers to see through cars ahead of them and see if a driver in front was signaling them for any reason.


1995 NAPA 500
The 1990s were a time when "extreme sports" were considered to have more appeal than the mainstream sports of baseball, basketball, ice hockey, and American football. Busch Beer used footage from this race in a commercial that aired during the 1996 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season with a stern declaration stating that the NASCAR Cup Series has been "extreme" since it began operations. This would also be the last NASCAR Winston Cup Series race held during an era where the Internet was used by a minority of US residents and people generally did not have the money, equipment, or computer literacy skills to use the Internet on a daily basis.


1995 NAPA 500, Background
Atlanta Motor Speedway is one of ten intermediate to hold NASCAR races; the others are Charlotte Motor Speedway, Chicagoland Speedway, Darlington Raceway, Homestead Miami Speedway, Kansas Speedway, Kentucky Speedway, Las Vegas Motor Speedway, New Hampshire Motor Speedway, and Texas Motor Speedway. The standard track at Atlanta Motor Speedway is a four-turn quad-oval track that is 1.54 miles (2.48 km) long. The track's turns are banked at twenty-four degrees, while the front stretch, the location of the finish line, and the back stretch are banked at five.