1994 Indianapolis 500, Background
After a dismal season in Formula One, Michael Andretti returned to Indy car racing for 1994, signing with Ganassi. Andretti won the season opening Australian Grand Prix at Surfers Paradise. It was the first Indy car win for Ganassi, as well as the first win for the Reynard chassis (in its Indy car debut). Rahal-Hogan Racing, with drivers Bobby Rahal and Mike Groff, debuted the first Honda Indy car engine, the iron block Honda HRX Indy V-8.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Background
Chevrolet dropped its support of the Ilmor engine program at Indy after 1993. For 1994, the 265C, the 265 C+, and 265D V-8 powerplants were badged the "Ilmor Indy V8."


1994 Indianapolis 500, Background
After Michael Andretti won the season opener, Marlboro Team Penske won the next two races before Indy. Emerson Fittipaldi and Al Unser, Jr. finished 1–2 at Phoenix, then Al Unser, Jr. won at Long Beach.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Background
Jim Nabors returned to sing the traditional "Back Home Again in Indiana" just months after receiving a liver transplant. Nabors had suffered a near-fatal case of Hepatitis B, which caused liver failure. Initially it was not expected that he would be able to attend the race in person.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Background
Six days before opening day, the worldwide motorsports community was shaken by the death of Ayrton Senna at San Marino. Indy drivers Emerson Fittipaldi, Raul Boesel, and Maurício Gugelmin, were among those in attendance at the funeral, all three serving as pall-bearers.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Background, Mercedes-Benz 500I
The most notable off-season activity involved Penske Racing and Ilmor. In the summer and fall of 1993, Ilmor and Penske engaged in a new engine project. Under complete secrecy, a 209 in3 (3.42 L) purpose-built, V-8 pushrod engine was developed. Mercedes eventually came on board with the project, and badged the engine the Mercedes-Benz 500I. The engine was designed to exploit a perceived loophole that had existed in USAC's rulebook since 1991. While CART sanctioned the rest of the Indycar season, the Indianapolis 500 itself was conducted by USAC under slightly different technical regulations. This effort represented a rare instance during this era where considerable money and effort were invested in creating a powerplant specifically for the Indy 500 by a CART-based team.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Background, Mercedes-Benz 500I
In an effort to appeal to smaller engine-building companies and independents, USAC had permitted "stock-block" pushrod engines (generally defined as single non-OHC units fitted with two valves per cylinder actuated by pushrod and rocker arm). The traditional "stock blocks" saw some limited use in the early 1980s, but became mainstream at Indy with the Buick V-6 by 1985. Initially, the stock blocks were required to have some production-based parts. However, in 1991, USAC quietly lifted the requirement, and purpose-built pushrod engines were permitted to be designed for racing from the ground up. Attempting to create an equivalency formula, both pushrod engine formats were allowed increased displacement of 209.3 cubic inches (3.430 L) instead of 161.7 cubic inches (2.650 L), and increased turbocharger boost of 55 inHG instead of 45 (1860 hPa instead of 1520).


1994 Indianapolis 500, Background, Mercedes-Benz 500I
Team Penske tested and further developed the engine in secret in the winter and spring of 1994. Before Mercedes-Benz joined the effort, the engine was initially called the "265E", which followed Ilmor's standard naming convention for their dual overhead camshaft engine. This was ostensibly to maintain in-house secrecy of the pushrod project, from those working within Penske and Ilmor who were not made fully aware of it. It was mated with the in-house Penske chassis, the PC-23. It was introduced to the public in April, just days before opening day at Indy. Rumors quickly began to circulate that the engine was capable of over 1,000 hp (750 kW), which was up a 150-200 hp advantage over the conventional V-8s.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Background, Track improvements
During the off-season, the pit area was repaved. The individual pit boxes were changed to concrete, while the entrance and exit lanes were widened and repaved in asphalt.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Background, Track improvements
A new scoring pylon was erected on the main stretch, replacing the landmark originally built in 1959.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Race schedule
* Includes days where trackactivity was significantlylimited due to rain


1994 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 1, Saturday May 7 – Opening Day
Rain washed out opening day, the first time since 1975.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 1, Sunday May 8
Dick Simon Racing cars of Lyn St. James, Raul Boesel, Hiro Matsushita, Dennis Vitolo, Hideshi Matsuda and Tero Palmroth were the first cars out on the track, creating a "Flying V" formation.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 1, Sunday May 8
Paul Tracy took the first laps in the Penske PC-23/Mercedes 500I at 12:34 p.m. Al Unser, Jr., however, was testing at Michigan International Speedway, reportedly "working on reliability." Tracy's fastest lap was 220.103 mph.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 1, Sunday May 8
Bobby Rahal took the first laps at Indy in the Honda, with a fast lap of 219.791 mph. Scott Brayton, in the Menard Buick posted the fastest lap of the day at 227.658 mph.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 1, Monday May 9
At 4:45 p.m., Mike Groff's Honda engine failed, which caused the car to spin and crash into the wall in the southchute. He was not seriously injured.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 1, Monday May 9
Defending Indy Lights champion Bryan Herta, who had started the month with Tasman Motorsports, was withdrawn from that entry, and signed with Foyt.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 1, Monday May 9
Emerson Fittipaldi (after 'shake down' laps on Sunday) turned in his first fast laps driving the Penske PC-23/Mercedes Benz 500I, completed a lap of 226.512 mph. Al Unser, Jr. took to the track for the first time in the Mercedes as well. Michael Andretti led the speed chart, at 227.038 mph.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 1, Tuesday May 10
Raul Boesel broke the 230 mph barrier at 5:55 p.m., the first driver to do so since 1992. His lap of 230.403 was the fastest thus far for the month. The Penske-Mercedes was close behind, turning in their best laps of the month. Paul Tracy was second-fastest for the day at 229.961 mph, and Fittipaldi was third at 229.264 mph.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 1, Tuesday May 10
During the afternoon practice, an annular eclipse crossed over the state of Indiana, and the Speedway. Track temperatures cooled, and generally faster laps were observed during the phenomenon.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 1, Wednesday May 11
A windy day kept speed down. Al Unser, Jr. in a Penske PC-23/Mercedes Benz 500I, led the chart at 226.478 mph.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 1, Thursday May 12
Emerson Fittipaldi drove his Penske PC-23/Mercedes Benz 500I to a lap of 230.438 mph, with a trap speed of 244 mph down the backstretch. Paul Tracy was second-quick at 228.444 mph (244 mph trap speed).


1994 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 1, Friday May 13
At 3:37 p.m., Paul Tracy spun his Penske PC-23/Mercedes Benz 500I in turn 3, hit the outside wall, then crashed into the inside guardrail. He suffered a concussion, and was forced to sit out the first day of time trials.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 1, Friday May 13
Emerson Fittipaldi was quickest of the day at 230.138 mph, making him a favorite for the pole position.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 1, Pole day – Saturday May 14
A mix of sun and rain showers stretched the qualifying line throughout the afternoon. A short shower delayed the start of qualifying until 12:15 p.m. Rookie Hideshi Matsuda became the first driver in the field, posting a 4-lap average of 222.545 mph.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 1, Pole day – Saturday May 14
At 12:50 p.m., Raul Boesel took the provisional pole position with a run of 227.618 mph. Later, Jacques Villeneuve qualified as the fastest rookie, with a speed of 226.259 mph.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 1, Pole day – Saturday May 14
At 1:18 p.m., Al Unser, Jr. became the first Penske driver to take the track, attempting to qualify one of the three Penske PC-23/Mercedes Benz 500I machines. His first lap of 225.722 mph was disappointingly slow, but his speed over the last three laps climbed dramatically. His final four-lap average of 228.011 mph took over the provisional pole position.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 1, Pole day – Saturday May 14
Bobby Rahal (220.178 mph) and Mike Groff (218.808 mph) completed slow runs in their Honda-powered machines, and were the slowest two cars of the day.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 1, Pole day – Saturday May 14
A second rain shower closed the track from about 2–5 p.m. When qualifying resumed, there was not enough time to complete the entire qualifying line. Among the runs were Lyn St. James (224.154 mph) tentatively putting her 5th fastest, and Al Unser, Sr. who waved off after a lap of 214 mph.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 1, Pole day – Saturday May 14
The 6 o'clock gun sounded with several drivers still in line, including Mario Andretti and Emerson Fittipaldi. Pole qualifying would be extended into the following day.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 1, Second day – Sunday May 15
The pole qualifying line resumed where it left off from the previous day, with Mario Andretti first out. Emerson Fittipaldi was the final car eligible for the pole position, and took his run at 1:18 p.m. His speed of 227.303 mph was not enough to bump his teammate Al Unser, Jr. off the pole, but qualified him in third position. The front row was rounded out by Raul Boesel, while Lyn St. James held on to qualify for the outside of the second row, the highest starting position for a female driver to-date.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 1, Second day – Sunday May 15
After his crash Friday, Paul Tracy returned to the track Sunday. Since he sat out time trials on Saturday and missed his spot in line, he was ineligible for the pole position. He qualified as a second-day qualifier, and would line up his Penske PC-23/Mercedes Benz 500I 25th on race day. After two wave-offs on Saturday, Scott Brayton finally put his Menard-powered Lola in the field as the fastest qualifier for the second round.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 2, Monday May 16
A leisurely day of practice saw only 18 cars take laps. Emerson Fittipaldi, working on race set-ups, ran the best lap at 226.421 mph. Robby Gordon spent time shaking down back-up cars for his teammates Willy T. Ribbs and Mark Smith.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 2, Tuesday May 17
Four-time Indy 500 winner Al Unser, Sr. officially announced his retirement from driving at a press conference. His son, pole winner Al Unser, Jr. was sick, and rested away from the track.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 2, Tuesday May 17
Off the track, Rahal-Hogan Racing announced they had entered into a deal with Team Penske to lease two back-up cars. Driving the new Honda HRX Indy V-8s, Bobby Rahal and Mike Groff were the two slowest cars in the field, and risked being bumped. If Rahal were to be bumped, it would mark the second year in a row. Through a sponsorship connection, Roger Penske offered Rahal and Groff the use of two 1993 PC-22/Ilmor V-8 machines (2.65L). Rahal received an Ilmor D engine, while Groff received an Ilmor C+ engine. They were not the Mercedes-Benz 209I power plants, however they were competitive enough to comfortably make the field if needed. Paul Tracy shook down the cars before handing them over to the Rahal team.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 2, Tuesday May 17
Mark Smith (219.947 mph) was the fastest of the non-qualified drivers, and veteran Roberto Moreno took over Al Unser, Sr.'s car, starting a refresher test.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 2, Wednesday May 18
Mark Smith (220.324 mph) was again the fastest of the non-qualified drivers. Mike Groff (221.560 mph), driving the 1993 Penske/Ilmor, was already practicing faster than his qualifying speed in the Honda.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 2, Thursday May 19
A busy day of practice saw 36 cars complete 1,511 laps. John Paul, Jr. (222.058 mph) was the fastest non-qualified car.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 2, Friday May 20
The final full day of practice saw 32 cars complete 1,154 laps. John Paul, Jr. (221.691 mph) was yet again the fastest non-qualified car.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 2, Third day – Saturday May 21
John Paul, Jr. was the first car out for the afternoon, and safely put his car into the field. Later, Scott Goodyear completed a run at 220.737 mph. With temperatures in the 80s, the track sat dormant for most of the afternoon. That led to a ceremonial final lap for three time Indianapolis 500 champion Johnny Rutherford, driving the exact same car A.J. Foyt had driven the previous year in his ceremonial final lap.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 2, Third day – Saturday May 21
At 5:37 p.m., Mark Smith (220.683 mph) filled the field to 33 cars. Davy Jones (the teammate to Scott Goodyear at King Racing) made the field in car #40T at 223.817 mph. Mike Groff and Bobby Rahal, the two slowest cars in the field, saw their Honda-powered machines bumped from the field, and re-qualified in the borrowed Penske-Ilmor cars. Both drivers improved their speeds significantly, with Rahal now the seventh-fastest car overall in the field. Both Rahal and Groff were safely in the field, and would avoid missing the race as the team had done in 1993.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 2, Third day – Saturday May 21
The day ended with Scott Goodyear (220.737 mph), driving car #40 for King Racing, on the bubble. Gary Bettenhausen, after lapping in the 223 mph range, crashed during a practice run, damaging the rear end of the car. The team would be forced to make quick repairs overnight in order to be ready to attempt to qualify on Bump Day.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 2, Bump day – Sunday May 22
Another hot day (89 degrees) saw the cars stay off the track most of the afternoon. Marco Greco made the first qualifying attempt at 5:35 p.m. Greco bumped Scott Goodyear (car #40) from the field. The move put Bryan Herta (220.992 mph), driving for Foyt, on the bubble. Herta had practiced in his back-up car at over 223 mph, but the team decided not to withdraw the primary car prematurely.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 2, Bump day – Sunday May 22
Geoff Brabham was the next driver to make an attempt. His first lap was fast enough to bump Herta, but the second and third laps dropped off, and the team waved off the run. Mark Smith returned to the track, trying to break the "Curse of the Smiths" at the Speedway, and bump his way back into the field. On the first lap, however, he wrecked in the first turn.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 2, Bump day – Sunday May 22
After wrecking his car in practice Saturday morning, Gary Bettenhausen made a last-ditch effort to bump his way into the field. He managed only 218 mph, and waved off after two laps. Just before the 6 o'clock gun, Willy T. Ribbs made a long-shot attempt to make the field. After a lap of 216 mph, then dropping to 212 mph, he waved off and time trials came to a close.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 2, Bump day – Sunday May 22
After second-guessing their strategy overnight, the Foyt team ultimately made the right decision and did not withdraw Bryan Herta from the field. The hot conditions Sunday worked in their favor, and Herta held on as the 33rd-fastest qualifier. Not since A. J. Foyt was the 32nd-fastest car in the field in 1973 had the Foyt team been so close to being bumped and missing the race entirely.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 2, Bump day – Sunday May 22
After qualifying was over, King Racing swapped drivers for its primary car. Davy Jones was removed from the #40T entry, and full-time driver Scott Goodyear was placed in the car. The move required Goodyear to start from the 33rd starting position.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Starting grid
Scott Goodyear and Davy Jones were teammates for King Racing. Goodyear was the full-time primary driver, and Jones (who had incidentally left Foyt before start of the month) the second team driver. At the close of qualifying, Jones had qualified 29th (the overall 9th-fastest car in the field), but Goodyear was bumped. As a gesture to the team and sponsor requests, Goodyear took Jones' place behind the wheel on race day. The driver switch required the car to be moved to the rear of the field. The move mirrored a nearly identical situation for Goodyear in the 1992 race.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Starting grid, Failed to qualify
R  = Indianapolis 500 rookie W  = Former Indianapolis 500 winner


1994 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Pre Race
Hours before the start, Al Unser Sr. took a ceremonial final lap of the track in an IndyCar, the same car he won the 1987 Indianapolis 500 with. General Chuck Yeager lead the flyover in a P-51 Mustang.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Start
Clear blue skies dawned on race day, with temperatures in the mid-70s. The command to start engines was made on-time at 10:52 a.m. EST, and the field pulled away for the pace laps. Pole-sitter Al Unser, Jr. led fellow front-row starters Emerson Fittipaldi and Raul Boesel.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Start
As the field came around for the start, Penske teammates Unser and Fittipaldi, driving the Mercedes-powered entries, took off out of turn four. They weaved down the frontstretch single-file, blocking, and leaving behind Boesel and the rest of the field behind. USAC officials decided not to wave off the start, and Unser led into turn one. It quickly became evident to competitors and media that the Penske-Mercedes machines were the class of the field, as many had predicted.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, First half
On lap 6, Dennis Vitolo spun in turn four, but continued. Later on lap 20, Roberto Guerrero crashed in turn two. Unser went on to lead the first 23 laps. On lap 23, as the leaders pitted, Mario Andretti dropped out early of his final "500" with ignition problems.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, First half
Al Unser, Jr. stalled exiting the pits (a concern going into the race for the Mercedes) and Emerson Fittipaldi took the lead after the first sequence of pit stops. The yellow came back out again when Mike Groff and Dominic Dobson touched wheels and crashed in Turn 1.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, First half
At the restart, Michael Andretti suffered a puncture, and pitted for new tires. He stalled the car leaving the pits, and subsequently went a lap down. Eddie Cheever and Nigel Mansell were both given black flags for passing Raul Boesel prior to the restart, forcing both to make stop and go penalty passes through the pits.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, First half
By lap 85, Fittipaldi had stretched his lead to 24.6 seconds over second-place Unser. Jacques Villeneuve was a lap down, running as high as third.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, First half
On Lap 92 Hideshi Matsuda crashed in Turn 2. Under the yellow, John Paul, Jr. then spun and crashed in turn 3. As the field was circulating through turn three warm-up lane behind the pace car, Dennis Vitolo was barreling down the backstretch trying to catch up with the field. He misjudged the speed of the field, and approached the line of cars too fast. He ran into the back of John Andretti's car, touched wheels with him, and spun forward in a clockwise rotation.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, First half
The back of the car then rammed the back of Nigel Mansell's car, and climbed up it sideways. Al Unser, Jr., among others, narrowly escaped the incident. Vitolo was found on top of Mansell, and the cars were sideways in the infield grass. Hot coolant and oil began to leak from Vitolo's car, and dripped into Mansell's cockpit. Mansell scurried out of the car and was tackled to the ground by corner workers in an effort to put out any fire. Mansell later stormed out of the infield medical care center, angrily refusing treatment. Vitolo admitted blame for the incident.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, First half
At the halfway point, Unser (23) and Fittipaldi (75) combined to lead 98 of the first 100 laps. The third Penske entry driven by Paul Tracy, however, began smoking during the lap 92 yellow and dropped out with turbocharger failure.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Second half
Early contenders Raul Boesel (overheating) and Scott Brayton (spark plug) both dropped out in the second half. Fittipaldi continued to dominate, pulling away at will. On Lap 121 he set the fastest lap of the race at 40.783 seconds, equaling 220.68 mph (355.15 km/h).


1994 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Second half
During a round of pit stops by Fittipaldi and Unser, rookie Jacques Villeneuve led five laps (125-129) before pitting himself. On lap 133, Fittipaldi was forced to return to the pits to remove a plastic bag from his radiator inlet.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Second half
A long stretch of green flag racing followed. Fittipaldi quickly caught Unser and extended his lead. By lap 157, they were the only two cars on the lead lap.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Finish
With less than 25 laps to go, Fittipaldi led Unser by almost 40 seconds. Third place Villeneuve was over a lap down. Fittipaldi was in need of one more splash-and-go pit stop for fuel before the race was over. Unser, however, was expected to make it to the finish. With 20 laps to go, Fittipaldi lapped Unser, and was a lap ahead of the entire field.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Finish
Fittipaldi's team scheduled a "timed" splash & go fuel-only stop for lap 194. Jockeying for position, Unser unlapped himself on lap 183. Two laps later, Unser was just ahead of Fittipaldi as they approached turn 4. Fittipaldi admitted a driver error as he drove over the inside rumble strips causing the rear tires to lose grip. Fittipaldi's car slid loose, and the right rear wheel tagged the outside wall exiting turn 4. After leading 145 laps, Fittipaldi's crashed car slid to a stop down the main stretch. The crash handed Unser the lead of the race, with Jacques Villeneuve on the lead lap in second.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Finish
Arie Luyendyk blew an engine during the caution for Fittipaldi's crash. Unser was leading, but lost use of his radio, and the team was concerned about fuel mileage. The green came out with ten laps to go. Unser held a comfortable lead over Villeneuve, who was mired deep in traffic.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Finish
On Lap 196, Stan Fox, who was running in the top ten, crashed in turn one. The caution came out for clean-up, and erased any doubts about Unser's fuel mileage. Unser ended up winning the race under yellow. Unser won his second Indy 500, and the Penske-Mercedes 500I pushrod engine won in its first and only race. Villeneuve held on to finish second, and won the rookie of the year award. Michael Andretti was penalized one lap for passing under caution, elevating Bobby Rahal to third place. Rahal had charged from the 28th starting position to third in the borrowed 1993 Penske-Ilmor machine.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Finish
John Andretti finished 10th, then flew to Charlotte Motor Speedway to compete in the Coca-Cola 600. He was the first driver to do "Double Duty", competing in both races on the same day.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Post race
Almost immediately after the race, both USAC and CART separately evaluated the situation that stemmed from the Mercedes-Benz 500I. USAC was initially willing to allow the pushrod engines in 1995, but were concerned about the potential for escalating costs. CART, as it had previously, refused to allow the engine increased boost at the events they sanctioned, effectively rendering it uncompetitive at those races.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Post race
Two weeks after the race, USAC announced that for 1995, the 209 cid purpose-built pushrod engines would be allowed 52 inHG of "boost" (down from 55 inHG). The traditional "stock block" production-based engines (e.g., Buick & Menard) would still be allowed 55 inHG. Meanwhile, the overhead cam 2.65L V-8 engines would stay at 45 inches.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Post race
Other engine manufacturers, including Cosworth and Menard were considering 209 pushrod engines (Ilmor Engineering had already taken 30 customer orders for 500i engines for the 1995 race), and it became possible that to be competitive on the CART circuit, teams might require two separate engines for the season—a 2.65L OHC for the CART-sanctioned events, and a pushrod engine for Indianapolis singly—a daunting task which was expected to escalate costs.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Post race
During the summer of 1994, Tony George announced his plans to start the Indy Racing League in 1996, with an emphasis on cost-saving measures. On August 11, 1994, USAC changed its decision, and scaled back the boost for the purpose-built pushrod engines further to 48 inches; and outlawing it outright for 1996. The move was considered by Roger Penske as "politically motivated," and ultimately set back the Penske Team going into 1995. Observers negatively compared the radical rules change to way USAC handled the Granatelli Turbine in the late 1960s.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Post race
After the rules change, the 209-cid Mercedes-Benz 500I never raced again, but boasted a perfect 100% pole position and race winning record at Indianapolis, its only start in professional competition.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Post race
Despite reverting to the Ilmor D powerplant for the remainder of the 1994 CART season, Marlboro Team Penske continued to dominate. The three Penske drivers won 12 (of 16) races, including five 1-2-3 finishes. Penske swept the top three in the final championship points standings, with Al Unser, Jr. winning the championship, Fittipaldi second, and Tracy third.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Post race
The 1994 Indy 500 would prove to be the final victory for a Penske-manufactured chassis at the Speedway. The following year, the 1995-spec Penske chassis, the PC-24, proved to be noncompetitive in time trials (despite a promising test in mid-April 1995). The team failed to qualify with it or the Lola and Reynard chassis that were borrowed from other teams as alternates. By the time the team returned to the race in 2001, in-house chassis manufacturing had ended in favor of using customer chassis.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Post race
Only 69 days after the race, the Indianapolis Motor Speedway ushered in a new era, hosting the Inaugural running of the Brickyard 400.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
The race was carried live on the IMS Radio Network. Bob Jenkins served as chief announcer for the fifth year. Johnny Rutherford, who retired as a driver during the month, returned to serve as "driver expert." Historian Donald Davidson celebrated his 30th year on the broadcast.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
The on-air crew returned intact for 1994, which marked the fourth consecutive year the crew has remained nearly exactly the same (1991–1994). This was the last year for Pit Reporters Brian Hammons and Chris McClure. This was also Gary Lee's Last year in Turn 2.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
The broadcast was carried on hundreds of affiliates in all 50 states of the U.S., as well as AFN and World Harvest Radio International, reaching all continents including Antarctica. The broadcast was heard in the UK on Autosport Racing Line.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Chief Announcer: Bob JenkinsDriver expert: Johnny RutherfordStatistician: Howdy BellHistorian: Donald Davidson


1994 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Turn 1: Jerry BakerTurn 2: Gary LeeTurn 3: Larry HenryTurn 4: Bob Lamey


1994 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television
The race was carried live flag-to-flag coverage in the United States on ABC Sports. Paul Page served as host and play-by-play announcer. Newcomer and former Indy winner Danny Sullivan joined Bobby Unser and Sam Posey as color commentators. Sullivan, who tentatively retired from Indycar racing in 1994, began dabbling in NASCAR as well as broadcasting. Sullivan took the turn four reporting location, while Bobby Unser reported from turn two. Posey remained in the booth with Page.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television
With the addition of Sullivan, the same crew from 1990–1993 returned. This was the first 500 broadcast to feature a "Score bug." A transparent digit was located on the upper right corner of the screen which counted down the number of laps remaining in the race. New on-board camera angles debuted, including a rear-wing mount on Michael Andretti's car, as well as a forward-facing camera mounted in front of the left rear wheel on Robby Gordon's car, which captured a spectacular duel with Raul Boesel. Bobby Rahal's car also featured a new nose-cam, the first such at the 500.


1994 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television
Host/Announcer: Paul PageColor: Sam PoseyColor/Turn 2: Bobby UnserColor/Turn 4: Danny Sullivan


1994 Indianapolis Colts season
The 1994 Indianapolis Colts season was the 42nd season for the team in the National Football League and 11th in Indianapolis. The Indianapolis Colts finished the National Football League's 1994 season with a record of 8 wins and 8 losses, and finished third in the AFC East division.


1994 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship
The 1994 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship was the 29th edition of the World Championship  The Championship was held as a Grand Prix series over ten rounds.


1994 Individual Long Track World Championship
The 1994 Individual Long Track World Championship was the 24th edition of the FIM speedway Individual Long Track World Championship. The event was held on 25 September 1994 at the Mariánské Lázně in the Czech Republic.


1994 Individual Long Track World Championship
The world title was won by Simon Wigg of England for the fifth time.


1994 Individual Speedway Junior World Championship
The 1994 Individual Speedway Junior World Championship was the 18th edition of the World motorcycle speedway Under-21 Championships. The event was won by Mikael Karlsson of Sweden and he also gained qualification to 1995 Speedway Grand Prix.


1994 Individual Speedway Junior World Championship, World final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1994 Individual Speedway World Championship
The 1994 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 49th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.


1994 Individual Speedway World Championship
It was the last championship to be staged in the traditional single meeting World Final format before the advent of the Speedway Grand Prix series in 1995. The Final was held on 20 August at the Speedway Center in Vojens, Denmark.


1994 Individual Speedway World Championship
Sweden's Tony Rickardsson won the first of what would prove to be a record equalling 6 World Championships, defeating Danish former triple champion Hans Nielsen and Australia's Craig Boyce in a runoff after all three riders finished on 12 points.


1994 Individual Speedway World Championship, Qualification, British Qualification, British Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1994 Individual Speedway World Championship, Qualification, Swedish Qualification, Swedish Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1994 Individual Speedway World Championship, Qualification, Intercontinental Round, American Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1994 Individual Speedway World Championship, Qualification, Intercontinental Round, Commonwealth Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1994 Individual Speedway World Championship, Qualification, Intercontinental Round, Overseas Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1994 Individual Speedway World Championship, Qualification, Intercontinental Round, Nordic Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1994 Individual Speedway World Championship, World Semi-finals, Semi-final 1
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1994 Individual Speedway World Championship, World Semi-finals, Semi-final 2
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1994 Individual Speedway World Championship, World Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1994 Indonesia Open (badminton)
The 1994 Indonesia Open in badminton was held in Yogyakarta, from August 8 to August 14, 1994. It was a five-star tournament and the prize money was US$166,000.


1994 Indy Lights season
The 1994 PPG/Firestone Indy Lights Championship consisted of 12 races. Englishman Steve Robertson edged out André Ribeiro for the championship by 9 points. Both drivers captured four victories.


1994 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Phoenix race
Held April 10 at Phoenix International Raceway. Greg Moore won the pole.


1994 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Long Beach race
Held April 17 at Long Beach, California Street Course. Eddie Lawson won the pole.


1994 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Milwaukee race
Held June 5 at The Milwaukee Mile. André Ribeiro won the pole.


1994 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Detroit race
Held June 12 at Belle Isle Raceway. Steve Robertson won the pole.


1994 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Portland race
Held June 26 at Portland International Raceway. André Ribeiro won the pole.


1994 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Cleveland race
Held July 10 at Burke Lakefront Airport. Pedro Chaves won the pole.


1994 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Toronto race
Held July 17 at Exhibition Place. Greg Moore won the pole.


1994 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Mid-Ohio race
Held August 14 at The Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course. André Ribeiro won the pole.


1994 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Loudon race
Held August 21 at New Hampshire International Speedway. Steve Robertson won the pole.


1994 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Vancouver race
Held September 4 at Pacific Place. Alex Padilla won the pole.


1994 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Nazareth race
Held September 18 at Nazareth Speedway. Bob Dorricott, Jr. won the pole.


1994 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Laguna Seca race
Held October 9 at Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca. André Ribeiro won the pole.


1994 Indy Lights season, Final points standings, Driver
For every race the points were awarded: 20 points to the winner, 16 for runner-up, 14 for third place, 12 for fourth place, 10 for fifth place, 8 for sixth place, 6 seventh place, winding down to 1 points for 12th place. Additional points were awarded to the pole winner (1 point) and to the driver leading the most laps (1 point).


1994 Intercontinental Cup
The 1994 Intercontinental Cup was an association football match played on 1 December 1994, between Milan, winners of the 1993–94 UEFA Champions League, and Vélez Sársfield, winners of the 1994 Copa Libertadores. The match was played at the National Stadium in Tokyo. It was Milan's sixth appearance into the competition, after the victories in 1969, 1989, 1990 and the defeats in 1963 and 1993, whereas it was Vélez Sársfield's first appearance.


1994 International Damen Grand Prix Leipzig
The 1994 International Damen Grand Prix Leipzig was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Messehalle 7 in Leipzig in Germany that was part of the Tier II category of the 1994 WTA Tour. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was held from 26 September through 2 October 1994. Second-seeded Jana Novotná won the singles title and earned $80,000 first-prize money.


1994 International Damen Grand Prix Leipzig, Finals, Doubles
Patty Fendick /  Meredith McGrath defeated  Manon Bollegraf /  Larisa Savchenko 6–4, 6–4


1994 International Formula 3000 Championship
The 1994 Formula 3000 International Championship was the tenth season of Formula 3000 in Europe. Jean-Christophe Boullion won the championship after eight rounds.


1994 International Formula 3000 Championship, Technical changes
After a year out of Europe, Lola returned with an extensively developed new car. Reynard was still the dominant manufacturer, and retained many components from its previous car while introducing an F1-style high nose.


1994 International Formula 3000 Championship, Technical changes
The regulation requiring long sidepods was removed, which meant that the cars became less pitch-sensitive. The long —vortex generators— on the front wing endplates were banned as part of an ongoing effort to reduce costs.


1994 International Formula 3000 Championship, Calendar
Four F3000 races (Spain, Germany, Belgium and Portugal) were held in Formula One Grand Prix weekends, the highest number in the championship's history so far.


1994 International Formula 3000 Championship, Complete Overview
R16=retired, but classified NC=not classified  R=retired NS=did not start NQ=did not qualify (21)=place after practice, but grid position not held free 9P=grid position, but started from pit lane


1994 International League season
The 1994 International League season took place from April to September 1994.


1994 International League season
The Richmond Braves defeated the Syracuse Chiefs to win the league championship.


1994 International League season, Regular season, All-Star game
The 1994 Triple-A All-Star Game was held at Herschel Greer Stadium in Nashville, Tennessee, home of the American Association's Nashville Sounds. The All stars representing the National League affiliates won 8-5. Richmond Braves catcher and first baseman Luis Lopez won the top award for the International League.


1994 International League season, Playoffs, Division Series
The Syracuse Chiefs won the East Division Finals over the Pawtucket Red Sox, 3 games to 1.


1994 International League season, Playoffs, Division Series
The Richmond Braves won the West Division Finals over the Charlotte Knights, 3 games to 1.


1994 International League season, Playoffs, Championship series
The Richmond Braves won the Governors' Cup Finals over the Syracuse Chiefs, 3 games to none.


1994 International Open
The 1994 International Open was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 13 and 19 February 1994 at the Bournemouth International Centre in Bournemouth, England.


1994 International Open
John Parrott won the title by defeating James Wattana 9–5 in the final. The defending champion Stephen Hendry was defeated by Alan McManus in the quarter-finals.


1994 International Rostrum of Composers
The 40th edition of the International Rostrum of Composers took place from May 9–13, 1994. It was the third time in a row a Finnish composer won the senior category.


1994 International Tennis Championships – Doubles
Patrick McEnroe and Jonathan Stark were the defending champions, but did not participate this year.


1994 International Tennis Championships – Doubles
Lan Bale and Brett Steven won in the final 6–3, 7–5, against Ken Flach and Stéphane Simian.


1994 International Tennis Championships – Singles
Luiz Mattar defeated Jamie Morgan 6–4, 3–6, 6–3 to win the 1994 International Tennis Championships singles event. Todd Martin was the defending champion.


1994 Internationaux de Strasbourg
The 1994 Internationaux de Strasbourg was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Strasbourg, France that was part of Tier III of the 1994 WTA Tour. It was the eighth edition of the tournament and was held from 16 May until 22 May 1994. Third-seeded Mary Joe Fernández won the singles title and earned $25,000 first-prize money.


1994 Internationaux de Strasbourg, Finals, Doubles
Lori McNeil /  Rennae Stubbs defeated  Patricia Tarabini /  Caroline Vis 6–3, 3–6, 6–2


1994 Intertoto Cup
In the 1994 Intertoto Cup no knock-out rounds were contested, and therefore no winner was declared.


1994 Intertoto Cup, Group stage
The teams were divided into 8 groups of 5 teams each. Opponents played each other once.


1994 Intertoto Cup, Group stage, Group 3
The match between Tirol Innsbruck and Sparta Rotterdam was interrupted due to rain.


1994 Iowa Hawkeyes football team
The 1994 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1994 NCAA Division I-A football season as a member of the Big Ten Conference. The team was coached by Hayden Fry and played their home games at Kinnick Stadium.


1994 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Northwestern
The 49–13 victory was Iowa's 21st consecutive over Northwestern. Freshman QB Matt Sherman, starting for the first time at Iowa, completed 19 of 24 passes for 331 yards and 3 touchdowns.


1994 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Minnesota
The Hawkeyes won a high-scoring matchup at the Metrodome to salvage a .500 season.


1994 Iowa Senate election
The 1994 Iowa State Senate elections took place as part of the biennial 1994 United States elections. Iowa voters elected state senators in half of the state senate's districts--the 25 odd-numbered state senate districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate, with half of the seats up for election each cycle. A statewide map of the 50 state Senate districts in the year 1994 is provided by the Iowa General Assembly


1994 Iowa Senate election
The primary election on June 7, 1994 determined which candidates appeared on the November 8, 1994 general election ballot. Primary election results can be obtained here. General election results can be obtained here.


1994 Iowa Senate election
Following the previous election in 1992, Democrats had control of the Iowa state Senate with 27 seats to Republicans' 23 seats.


1994 Iowa Senate election
To take control of the chamber from Democrats, the Republicans needed to net 3 Senate seats.


1994 Iowa Senate election
Democrats kept their control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1994 general election with the balance of power unchanged--Democrats holding 27 seats and Republicans having 23 seats after the election.


1994 Iowa State Cyclones football team
The 1994 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State University during the 1994 NCAA Division I-A football season. They played their home games at Cyclone Stadium in Ames, Iowa. They participated as members of the Big Eight Conference. The team was coached by head coach Jim Walden, who retired from coaching after the conclusion of the season.


1994 Iowa gubernatorial election
The 1994 Iowa gubernatorial election took place November 8, 1994. Incumbent Republican Governor of Iowa Terry Branstad ran for re-election to a fourth term as governor. Branstad narrowly defeated a tough challenger in his primary election, emerging victorious by fewer than 12,000 votes. On the Democratic side, Attorney General of Iowa Bonnie Campbell won her party's nomination and both Branstad and Campbell moved on to the general election. Branstad ultimately won re-election to a fourth term as governor, defeating Bonnie Campbell by a comfortable margin.


1994 Ipswich Borough Council election
The 1994 Ipswich Borough Council election was an election to the Ipswich Borough Council under the arrangement, whereby a third of the councillors were to stand for election, each time.


1994 Ipswich Borough Council election
It took place as part of the 1994 United Kingdom local elections.


1994 Ipswich Borough Council election
There were 16 wards each returning one councillor plus two bye-elections, one each for St John's and Stoke Park Wards. The Labour Party retained control of the Council.


1994 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdown
The 1994 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdown occurred on March 17, 1994, when an Iranian Air Force C-130E military transport aircraft, carrying Iranian embassy personnel from Moscow to Tehran, was shot down by Armenian military forces near the city of Stepanakert in Nagorno-Karabakh, an area which had been under armed conflict since 1988. The 32 people (19 passengers and 13 crew) on board were killed in the crash.


1994 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdown, Shootdown
The C-130 Hercules departed from Moscow, taking relatives of Iranian embassy staff home for Novruz celebrations. The Iranian Embassy in Moscow said the aircraft was carrying 19 passengers, including nine children, and a crew of 13. The crew reported mechanical trouble before veering into and entering the Azerbaijani airspace over the region of Nagorno-Karabakh, where it crashed, killing everyone on board.


1994 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdown, Shootdown
Armenia's first deputy foreign minister, Gerard Libaridian, told a news conference that the plane should have flown over Russia, Georgia and Armenia before reaching Iran. However it veered about 65 miles east of this corridor as it left Georgia and did not enter Armenian airspace as scheduled at 10:08 p.m. Instead, it flew into the war zone around Nagorno-Karabakh.


1994 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdown, Shootdown
The remains of Iranians killed in the crash were transported to Armenia and flown from the Yerevan's Zvartnots International Airport to Tehran. The ceremony was attended by Armenian Vice-president Gagik Arutyunyan and Vice prime-minister Vigen Chitechyan.


1994 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdown, Shootdown
Iran dispatched a special Air Force commission to investigate the causes of the tragedy. The chief of the commission Abdat Aminian dismissed the version offered by Armenian Vice President Gagik Arutyunyan who suggested that the C-130 lost control and plunged to the ground because of some malfunctions of the plane's flight systems. An official of Iran's Foreign Ministry stated that for "some unknown reasons the plane exploded in mid-air, after it veered off course."


1994 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdown, Shootdown
Aminian declared that the plane was shot down by two missiles, launched by the Armenian forces. Aminiyan said that the Armenian side did not assume direct responsibility for the accident, however, it admitted that its troops took the Iranian plane for an Azerbaijani craft, and that the Armenian troops did not try to get in touch with the plane in order to identify it.


1994 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdown, Shootdown
The Iranian Foreign Ministry announced the results of the investigation in a statement, which placed the blame for the shootdown with the Armenian forces. The statement said that "Iran reserves the right to take legal action and receive compensations for the victims of the crash, and calls on the Armenian government to identify and punish those guilty of downing the aircraft".


1994 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdown, Shootdown
The Azerbaijani National Security Ministry supplied the Iranian side with a radio dispatch that was intercepted by Azerbaijani intelligence on the day of the catastrophe. One of the phrases in the intercepted dispatch was "We have just downed an Azerbaijani military plane". Azerbaijani intelligence claimed that a self-targeting "Osa"  missile system was used to down the C-130.


1994 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdown, Shootdown
Some Russian military experts suggested that the C-130 intentionally changed its flight course for reconnaissance purposes. However the Iranian Foreign Ministry rejected these allegations.


1994 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdown, Aftermath
In a meeting in Tehran with Armenia's vice president, Gagik Arutyunyan, Iranian President Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani demanded that those responsible for the shooting be punished. Before departing from Tehran, Arutyunyan admitted that the Iranian plane was shot down “by mistake”, without specifying who committed the mistake.


1994 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdown, Aftermath
In the opinion of Human Rights Watch, "under the rules of war, the Karabakh Armenians would be duty bound to ascertain the nature of the aircraft before firing. If they did not use every available means to identify the aircraft and still fired, this would constitute a serious violation of humanitarian law".


1994 Iraqi Elite Cup
The Fourth Mother of all Battles Championship (Arabic: بطولة أم المعارك الرابعة), commonly referred to as the 1994 Iraqi Elite Cup (Arabic: كأس النخبة العراقي 1994), was the fourth occurrence of the Iraqi Elite Cup, organised by the Iraq Football Association. The top eight teams of the 1993–94 Iraqi National League competed in the tournament. The competition started on 15 September 1994 and ended on 26 September 1994 where, in the final, held at Al-Shaab Stadium, Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya defeated Al-Talaba 4–3 on penalties after a 0–0 draw.


1994 Ireland rugby union tour of Australia
1994 Ireland rugby union tour of Australia. The Ireland national rugby union team embarked on their second tour of Australia, having previously visited in 1979. Both Jonathan Bell and Keith Wood made their senior international debuts in the first Test.


1994 Irish Greyhound Derby
The 1994 Irish Greyhound Derby took place during August and September with the final being held at Shelbourne Park in Dublin on 24 September 1994.


1994 Irish Greyhound Derby
The winner Joyful Tidings won £50,000 and was trained by Donie O'Regan, owned by Michael Carmody and bred by Donal O'Connor. The race was sponsored by the Kerry Group's dog food product 'Respond'.


1994 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
The leading entry for the Irish Derby was the 1994 English Greyhound Derby champion Moral Standards who would attempt to take the trophy back to England for the first time since 1971. Ireland's leading contender was Champion Stakes winner Velvet Rocket. Other notable runners included  English Derby finalist Ayr Flyer who was now with Patsy Byrne and the Scottish Greyhound Derby champion Droopys Sandy.


1994 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
The repechage system was scrapped but four would qualify from the first two rounds resulting in two rounds of racing that would not give a true indication of the probable winner at this stage. Michaels Machine was fastest in qualifying timed at 30.16 and the best first round time went to Joyful Tidings in 30.21, Moral Standards failed to win either round.


1994 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
Velvet Rocket came good in the second round posting 30.31 and Old Maid remained unbeaten, Moral Standards lost yet again. The quarter finals started with heavy rain and Joyful Tidings went fastest again in 30.39 with Old Maid still unbeaten, Droopys Sandy failed to make the semis along with Westmead Merlin.


1994 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
Old Maid won her sixth consecutive race in the first semi-final with Ayr Flyer second and Nimble Piper third; Moral Standards form had deserted him finishing fifth and without a win in the competition. The other semi saw Joyful Tidings beat Michaels Machine and Emmett Robert.


1994 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
In the final the well drawn Old Maid went off favourite but it was Joyful Tidings that came good cutting off Michaels Machine and Ayr Flyer at the first bend and he eased to victory.


1994 Irish Masters
The 1994 Irish Masters was the twentieth edition of the professional invitational snooker tournament, which took place from 22 to 27 March 1994. The tournament was played at Goffs in Kill, County Kildare, and featured twelve professional players.


1994 Irish Masters
Steve Davis won the title for the eighth time, beating Alan McManus 9–8 in the final.


1994 Irish Masters, Qualifying
Four qualifying matches were played, under a best-of-nine frames format, the winners going on to play Jimmy White, John Parrott, Steve Davis and Stephen Hendry, all of whom were seeded to the quarter-final stage.


1994 Irish local elections
The 1994 Irish local elections for borough and town councillors and commissioners were held on Thursday, 9 June 1994. Elections to county and city councils had been held in 1991. The municipal elections were postponed in 1991 to allow passage of the Local Government Act, 1994, under which the boundaries of many towns were altered. The same day saw the 1994 European Parliament election, Údarás na Gaeltachta election, and Dáil by-elections in Dublin South-Central and Mayo West.


1994 Irish local elections, Results
The total electorate was 429,431, from which 251,605 votes were cast, giving a turnout of 58.59%. There were 2,555 spoilt votes.


1994 Islington London Borough Council election
The 1994 Islington Council election took place on 5 May 1994 to elect members of Islington London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Labour party stayed in overall control of the council.


1994 Istanbul mayoral election
The 1994 Istanbul mayoral election took place on 27 March 1994 in order to elect the Mayor of the İstanbul Metropolitan Municipality. Additionally, each of the 27 districts of İstanbul elected a district municipal mayor on the same day. The election was held as part of nationwide local elections held on the same day.


1994 Istanbul mayoral election
The winner of the metropolitan mayoral race was Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, the candidate of the Islamist-oriented Welfare Party, who served until his imprisonment in 1998. Erdoğan later went on to become Prime Minister of Turkey in 2002 and President of Turkey in 2014.


1994 Istanbul mayoral election, Results
The full results of the election are shown in the table below.


1994 Italian Grand Prix
The 1994 Italian Grand Prix (formally the Pioneer 65o Gran Premio d'Italia) was a Formula One motor race held on 11 September 1994 at the Autodromo Nazionale di Monza, Monza. It was the twelfth race of the 1994 Formula One World Championship.


1994 Italian Grand Prix
The 53-lap race was won by British driver Damon Hill, driving a Williams-Renault, with Austria's Gerhard Berger second in a Ferrari and Finland's Mika Häkkinen third in a McLaren-Peugeot. Frenchman Jean Alesi took pole position in the other Ferrari and led before suffering a gearbox failure on lap 15.


1994 Italian Grand Prix
The win enabled Hill to move to within 11 points of Michael Schumacher in the Drivers' Championship. Schumacher was banned for this race and the following race in Portugal for his actions at the British Grand Prix; his place at Benetton was taken by Finland's JJ Lehto, who had been his teammate earlier in the season.


1994 Italian Grand Prix
The day after the race, Lotus went into receivership; however, they would compete in the remaining races of the 1994 season. Lotus had brought an upgraded Mugen engine to Monza, allowing Johnny Herbert to qualify in a season-best fourth place; hopes of a points finish were ended by a first-corner collision with Eddie Irvine's Jordan.


1994 Italian Grand Prix, Background
The Grand Prix was originally cancelled on 12 August 1994 when local officials refused a demand to cut down 123 trees for reasons related to safety. The trees in question were located at the Lesmo corners which lacked suitable run off-areas. After the announcement, Gianni Letta, an Italian cabinet under-secretary, went to Cannes to meet with FIA president Max Mosley to discuss the issue. The meeting, also attended by Ferrari driver and representative to the drivers Gerhard Berger, agreed that changes to the shape of the curve would reduce its speed.


1994 Italian Grand Prix, Qualifying, Qualifying report
To the delight of the Tifosi, Jean Alesi took pole position in his Ferrari with teammate Berger second, some 0.134 seconds behind. It was the first pole position for Ferrari at Monza since Mario Andretti in 1982, and the first all-Ferrari front row at the circuit since Niki Lauda and Clay Regazzoni in 1975. Damon Hill was third in his Williams-Renault, with Johnny Herbert a surprise fourth in the Lotus, running an upgraded Mugen engine. David Coulthard was fifth in the other Williams, with Olivier Panis sixth in the Ligier. The top ten was completed by Mika Häkkinen in the McLaren, Andrea de Cesaris in the Sauber, Eddie Irvine in the Jordan and Jos Verstappen in the Benetton.


1994 Italian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
Alesi and Berger got off the line well heading into turn 1, with Herbert moving ahead of Hill into third. Behind them, the fast-starting Irvine locked up, causing him to hit Herbert. The Lotus was pitched into a spin, clipping Coulthard's right rear. Several other cars became involved, resulting in the track being blocked and the race being stopped. Herbert was forced to take the second start from the pit lane in his spare car, minus the upgraded Mugen engine, while Coulthard was forced to use Hill's spare car and Irvine was demoted to the back of the grid.


1994 Italian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
At the second start, both Ferraris again got away well, followed by Hill and Coulthard. Behind them, Verstappen tangled with Alessandro Zanardi in the second Lotus going into the Curva Grande, also forcing Gianni Morbidelli's Footwork into the outer wall and putting all three drivers out. Herbert's race ended on lap 14 when his alternator failed. On lap 15, Alesi came in for his first pit stop with an 11-second lead over Berger; disaster then struck as his tried to exit his pit box and his gearbox failed. Berger inherited the lead until lap 24, when he too ran into trouble during his pit stop: he was about to pull away when the incoming Panis came past, costing him enough time to drop behind Hill and Coulthard and prompting the Tifosi to jeer the Ligier mechanics.


1994 Italian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
A high attrition rate continued to build: the Saubers of de Cesaris and Heinz-Harald Frentzen suffered engine failures on laps 21 and 23 respectively, while the Minardis also retired within two laps of each other, Michele Alboreto's gearbox failing on lap 29 and Pierluigi Martini spinning off at the Variante Ascari on lap 31. Mark Blundell also spun out at the Variante Ascari in his Tyrrell on lap 40, before Irvine's engine failed on lap 42. Ukyo Katayama took advantage to run fifth in the second Tyrrell, only to himself spin off on lap 46 at the second Lesmo corner. After David Brabham dropped out with a puncture in his Simtek on lap 47, only ten cars remained in the race.


1994 Italian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
In the closing laps, Hill maintained a narrow lead over Coulthard, while the recovering Berger closed on both Williams. Then, rounding the Parabolica on the final lap, Coulthard suddenly coasted to a stop, out of fuel. Hill was thus left to win by 4.9 seconds from Berger, with Häkkinen taking the final podium place, a further 21 seconds back. Rubens Barrichello took fourth in the second Jordan and Martin Brundle fifth in the second McLaren, with Coulthard classified sixth.


1994 Italian Open (tennis)
The 1994 Italian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 51st edition of the Italian Open, and was part of the ATP Super 9 of the 1994 ATP Tour, and of the Tier I Series of the 1994 WTA Tour. Both the men's and the women's events took place at the Foro Italico in Rome, Italy. The women's tournament was played from May 2 through May 8, 1994, and the men's tournament was played from May 9 through May 16, 1994.


1994 Italian Open (tennis), Finals, Men's doubles
Yevgeny Kafelnikov /  David Rikl defeated  Wayne Ferreira /  Javier Sánchez, 6–1, 7–5


1994 Italian Open (tennis), Finals, Women's doubles
Gigi Fernández /  Natasha Zvereva defeated  Gabriela Sabatini /  Brenda Schultz, 6–1, 6–3


1994 Italian Open – Men's Doubles
Jacco Eltingh and Paul Haarhuis were the defending champions, but lost in second round to Jan Apell and Mike Bauer.


1994 Italian Open – Men's Doubles
Yevgeny Kafelnikov and David Rikl won the title by defeating Wayne Ferreira and Javier Sánchez 6–1, 7–5 in the final.


1994 Italian Open – Men's Singles
The 1994 Italian Open Men's Singles competition. Pete Sampras was the champion, defeating Boris Becker 6–1, 6–2, 6–2. Jim Courier was the defending champion.


1994 Italian Open – Women's Doubles
Jana Novotná and Arantxa Sánchez Vicario were the defending champions, but none competed this year.


1994 Italian Open – Women's Doubles
Gigi Fernández and Natasha Zvereva won the title by defeating Gabriela Sabatini and Brenda Schultz 6–1, 6–3 in the final.


1994 Italian Open – Women's Doubles, Seeds
The first four seeds received a bye to the second round.


1994 Italian Open – Women's Singles
Conchita Martínez was the defending champion and successfully defended her title, by defeating Martina Navratilova 7–6(7–5), 6–4 in the final.


1994 Italian Open – Women's Singles, Seeds
The first eight seeds received a bye to the second round.


1994 Italian Senate election in Lombardy
Lombardy renewed its delegation to the Italian Senate on March 27, 1994. This election was a part of national Italian general election of 1994 even if, according to the Italian Constitution, every senatorial challenge in each Region is a single and independent race.


1994 Italian Senate election in Lombardy
The election was won by the new Silvio Berlusconi's centre-right coalition called Pole of Freedoms, which obtained a local landslide victory electing all its candidates.


1994 Italian Senate election in Lombardy, Background
This election was the first one of the so-called Second Republic. If Italy had the strongest political stability in the previous 50 years, in twelve months it probably suffered the deepest democratic change ever in Western Europe. All the parties that ruled the country in the second half of the 20th century collapsed, under the political attack of the Northern League and the judiciary scandal of Mani pulite.


1994 Italian Senate election in Lombardy, Background
After the electoral reform from the proportional representation to a prevalent FPTP system, the political spectrum was reorganized in three poles: the leftist Alliance of Progressives, the centrist Pact for Italy and the centre-rightist Pole of Freedoms. This latter was an alliance between the League and new liberal party Forza Italia of television entrepreneur and A.C. Milan President Silvio Berlusconi.


1994 Italian Senate election in Lombardy, Background
Berlusconi attacked the Progressives calling them a "communist" alliance, effectively subtracting quite all the former Socialist votes even if the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) was a member of that alliance: the PSI was consequently disbanded after 100 years of history, and the Alliance had little more than the traditional support of the former Italian Communist Party, then Democratic Party of the Left. Obtaining also more moderate votes than Christian Democracy's heir, the Italian People's Party (Pact), Berlusconi ensured the victory of his coalition, that in Lombardy resulted very profitable to the League, which obtained the absolute majority of the senators.


1994 Italian Senate election in Lombardy, Electoral system
The intricate electoral system introduced in 1993, called Mattarella Law, provided 75% of the seats in the Senate as elected by first-past-the-post system, whereas the remaining 25% was assigned by a special proportional method that actually assigned the remaining seats to minority parties.


1994 Italian Senate election in Lombardy, Electoral system, Redistricting
The new electoral law imposed the revision of the outdated design of the constituencies of 1948. After quite a half century, the agricultural south had lost population to the industrial Milan metropolitan area. The Province of Cremona and the Province of Pavia lost a seat, while new constituencies were added in the western and northern Milanese hinterland. The number of constituencies rose from 31 to 35.


1994 Italian Superturismo Championship
The 1994 Italian Superturismo Championship was the eighth edition of the Italian Superturismo Championship. The season began in Monza on 10 April and finished in Mugello on 2 October, after ten rounds. Emanuele Pirro won the championship (6 victories, 7 second places and scoring points in each round), driving an Audi 80 Quattro; the German manufacturer won the constructors' championship with 9 victories (6 Emanuele Pirro, 2 Frank Biela, 1 Rinaldo Capello) on 20 races. The strongest title contender was Antonio Tamburini, who drove an Alfa Romeo 155 TS and also got 6 victories.


1994 Italian Superturismo Championship
Third was Fabrizio Giovanardi, who was able to finish on podium 7 times and to score points in almost all races without a single victory. The three time Italian Champion Roberto Ravaglia had lot of bad luck and finished fourth after a single victory in the season. The privateers' trophy was won by Moreno Soli in his own the Alfa Romeo 155 TS.


1994 Italian Superturismo Championship, Championship standings, Drivers' Championship
Note: second race in the second Mugello round was stopped early and half points were awarded.


1994 Italian general election
A snap national general election was held in Italy on 27–28 March 1994 to elect members of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate for the 12th legislature. Silvio Berlusconi's centre-right alliance won a large majority in the Chamber, but just missed winning a majority in the Senate. The Italian People's Party, the renamed Christian Democrats, which had dominated Italian politics for almost half a century, was decimated. It took only 29 seats versus 206 for the DC two years earlier—easily the worst defeat a sitting government in Italy has ever suffered, and one of the worst ever suffered by a Western European governing party.


1994 Italian general election, New electoral system
A new electoral system was introduced in these elections, after a referendum in 1993 which repealed the "supermajority clause" concerning Senate elections. The clause had meant that Senate elections were conducted using de facto pure proportional representation. As a result of this change, the Senate now elected 75% of its seats via plurality voting system in single-member constituencies, with the remaining 25% assigned proportionally in a compensatory nature.


1994 Italian general election, New electoral system
Parliament passed a new electoral law for the Chamber of Deputies to bring it more in line with the Senate, assigning 75% of the seats via plurality voting, with the remaining 25% assigned proportionally in a supplementary manner using a minimum threshold of 4% of the vote. The new electoral system was nicknamed the Mattarellum, after Sergio Mattarella, who was the official proponent.


1994 Italian general election, Historical background
In 1992, the five pro-western governing parties, Christian Democracy, the Italian Socialist Party, the Italian Social-Democratic Party, the Italian Republican Party and the Italian Liberal Party, lost much of their electoral strength almost overnight due to a large number of judicial investigations concerning the financial corruption of many of their foremost members. This led to a general expectation that upcoming elections would be won by the Democratic Party of the Left, the heirs to the former Italian Communist Party, and their Alliance of Progressives coalition unless there was an alternative.


1994 Italian general election, Historical background
On 26 January 1994, the media magnate Silvio Berlusconi announced his decision to enter politics, ("enter the field", in his own words) presenting his own political party, Forza Italia, on a platform focused on defeating the Communists. His political aim was to convince the voters of the Pentapartito, (i.e. the usual five governing parties) who were shocked and confused by Mani Pulite scandals, that Forza Italia offered both novelty and the continuation of the pro-western free market policies followed by Italy since the end of the 2nd World War.


1994 Italian general election, Historical background
Shortly after he decided to enter the political arena, investigators into the Mani Pulite affair were said to be close to issuing warrants for the arrest of Berlusconi and senior executives of his business group. During his years of political career Berlusconi has repeatedly stated that the Mani Pulite investigations were led by communist prosecutors who wanted to establish a soviet-style government in Italy.


1994 Italian general election, Historical background
In order to win the election Berlusconi formed two separate electoral alliances: Pole of Freedoms (Polo delle Libertà) with the Northern League (Lega Nord) in northern Italian districts, and another, the Pole of Good Government (Polo del Buon Governo), with the post-fascist National Alliance (Alleanza Nazionale; heir to the Italian Social Movement) in central and southern regions. In a shrewd pragmatic move, he did not ally with the latter in the North because the League disliked them. As a result, Forza Italia was allied with two parties that were not allied with each other.


1994 Italian general election, Historical background
Berlusconi launched a massive campaign of electoral advertisements on his three TV networks. He subsequently won the elections, with Forza Italia garnering 21% of the popular vote, the highest percentage of any single party. One of the most significant promises that he made in order to secure victory was that his government would create "one million more jobs".


1994 Italian general election, Historical background
On the other side, the center-left Alliance of Progressive led by Achille Occhetto, also called the Joyful War Machine, was composed by the two party born from the dissolution of the Italian Communist Party: the Democratic Party of the Left and Communist Refoundation Party. Since the alliance was sure of victory, based his campaign accusing the communicative power of Silvio Berlusconi.


1994 Italian general election, Results
At the election Berlusconi's coalition won a decisive victory over the progressive one, becoming the first centre-right alliance to win a general election in Italy since the end of the Second World War. The Pole of Freedoms won in the main regions of Italy: in the North the strongest parties were the regionalist Northern League and Forza Italia, which was also able to win in all provinces of Sicily, while in the South the National Alliance received more votes. The Alliance of Progressive confirmed its predominance in the "Red Belt" regions of central Italy, and in the South.


1994 Italian general election, Aftermath
Contrary to its success in the Chamber, the Pole of Freedoms failed to win a majority in the Senate. Nevertheless, the Berlusconi I Cabinet obtained a vote of confidence also in the Senate, thanks to the abstention of four PPI senators (Vittorio Cecchi Gori, Stefano Cusumano, Luigi Grillo and Tomaso Zanoletti), who decided not to take part in the vote.


1994 Italian general election, Aftermath
The vote of the Senators for life was not decisive, as three (Gianni Agnelli, Francesco Cossiga and Giovanni Leone) voted in favour of the government, three were absent (Carlo Bo, Norberto Bobbio and Amintore Fanfani) and five voted against (Giulio Andreotti, Francesco De Martino, Giovanni Spadolini and Paolo Emilio Taviani and Leo Valiani).


1994 Italian general election, Aftermath
The Senate finally gave Berlusconi 159 votes in favour and 153 against.


1994 Italian general election in Aosta Valley
The Italian general election of 1994 took place on 27 March 1994.


1994 Italian general election in Sardinia
The Italian general election of 1994 took place on 27 March 1994.


1994 Italian general election in Sardinia
The election was won in Sardinia by the centre-right Pole of Good Government. The Pact for Italy and the Patto Segni, both led by Sardinian Mario Segni had their best result in the region, while the Sardinian Action Party had a remarkable result in single-seat constituencies.


1994 Italian general election in Veneto
The Italian general election of 1994 took place on 27–28 March 1994.


1994 Italian general election in Veneto
In 1993–1994 the Tangentopoli scandals led to the disappearance of the main government parties, including Christian Democracy (DC) and the Italian Socialist Party (PSI). The DC successor, the Italian People's Party (PPI), was not able to retain the votes of its predecessor, which were largely absorbed by Liga Veneta–Lega Nord and Forza Italia, the new party launched by entrepreneur Silvio Berlusconi. In a highly fragmented party system, Forza Italia came first with 23.6% and Liga Veneta second with 21.6%.


1994 Italian local elections
The 1994 Italian local elections were held on 12 and 26 June, on 20 November and 4 December. It was the first time for many municipalities  where citizens could vote both for the mayor and the city council.


1994 Italian local elections
The elections were won by the Democratic Party of the Left, led by Achille Occhetto and his centre-left to left-wing alliance. But the elections were also characterized by a strong aftermath of Forza Italia, the new centre-right party founded by media magnate Silvio Berlusconi


1994 Italian motorcycle Grand Prix
The 1994 Italian motorcycle Grand Prix was the eighth race of the 1994 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 3 July 1994 at the Mugello Circuit.


1994 Italy rugby union tour of Australia
The 1994 Italy rugby union tour of Australia was a series of matches played in June 1994 in Australia by Italy national rugby union team.


1994 Ivy League Baseball Championship Series
The 1994 Ivy League Baseball Championship Series took place at Palmer Field in Middletown, Connecticut on May 7 and 8, 1994. The series matched the regular season champions of each of the league's two divisions. Yale, the winner of the series, claimed their second title in the two years of the event and the Ivy League's automatic berth in the 1994 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament.


1994 J.League
The J.League 1994 season was the second season of the J.League. The league fixture began on March 12, 1994, and ended on November 19, 1994. The Suntory Championship '94 took place on November 26 and December 2, 1994.


1994 J.League, 1994 J.League clubs
The following 12 clubs participated in J.League during 1994 season. Of these clubs, Bellmare Hiratsuka, and Júblio Iwata were newly promoted from Japan Football League (former).


1994 J.League, 1994 J.League format
In the 1994 season, the league followed split-season format, and each halves (or stages) were known as Suntory Series and  NICOS Series for sponsorship purposes. In each series, twelve clubs played in double round-robin format, a total of 22 games per club (per series). The games went to golden-goal extra time and penalties if needed after regulation. The clubs were ranked by number of wins, and tie breakers are, in the following order:


1994 J.League, 1994 J.League format
The club that finished at the top of the table is declared stage champion and qualifies for the Suntory Championship. The first stage winner, hosts the first leg in the championship series. If the same club win both stages, the runners-up of each stages plays against each other and the winners challenges the stage winner at the championship game.


1994 J.League Cup
The 1994 J. League Cup, officially the Yamasaki Nabisco Cup 1994, was the 20th edition of Japan soccer league cup tournament and the third edition under the current J. League Cup format. The championship started on July 27, and finished on August 6, 1994.


1994 J.League Cup Final
1994 J.League Cup Final was the 3rd final of the J.League Cup competition. The final was played at Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Hyogo on August 6, 1994. Verdy Kawasaki won the championship.


1994 Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards Presentation
The 1994 Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards Presentation (Chinese: 1994年度十大勁歌金曲頒獎典禮) was held on January 1995. It is part of the Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards Presentation series held in Hong Kong.


1994 Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards Presentation, Top 10 song awards
The top 10 songs (十大勁歌金曲) of 1994 are as follows.


1994 James Hardie 12 Hour
The 1994 James Hardie 12 Hour was an endurance race for production cars held at the Mount Panorama Circuit,  Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia on 3 April 1994. It was the fourth running of the "Bathurst 12 Hour". The race was open to cars of which at least ten examples had been sold and registered for use on Australian roads. Modifications in line with Group 3E Series Production Cars regulations, as published by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport, were permitted.


1994 James Hardie 12 Hour
The race was won by Gregg Hansford and Neil Crompton driving a Mazda RX-7 for BP Mazda Motorsport.


1994 James Hardie 12 Hour, Class structure
The field for the event was divided into the following seven classes:


1994 Japan Football League, Overview
It was contested by 16 teams, and Cerezo Osaka won the championship. Along with Kashiwa Reysol they were promoted to the J.League.


1994 Japan Football League, Overview
NEC Yamagata, the future Montedio Yamagata, were promoted to the JFL before the season, having won the Regional Promotion Series.


1994 Japan Open Tennis Championships
The 1994 Japan Open Tennis Championships was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Ariake Coliseum in Tokyo in Japan that was part of the Championship Series of the 1994 ATP Tour and of Tier III of the 1994 WTA Tour. The tournament was held from 4 April through 11 April 1994. Pete Sampras and Kimiko Date won the singles titles.


1994 Japan Open Tennis Championships, Finals, Men's Doubles
Henrik Holm /  Anders Järryd defeated  Sébastien Lareau /  Patrick McEnroe 7–6, 6–1


1994 Japan Open Tennis Championships, Finals, Women's Doubles
Mami Donoshiro /  Ai Sugiyama defeated  Yayuk Basuki /  Nana Miyagi 6–4, 6–1


1994 Japan Open Tennis Championships – Men's Doubles
Ken Flach and Rick Leach were the defending champions, but competed this year with different partners. Flach teamed up with Brian Devening and lost in the second round to tournament runners-up Sébastien Lareau and Patrick McEnroe, while Leach teamed up with David Pate and lost in the first round to Kelly Jones and Mark Keil.


1994 Japan Open Tennis Championships – Men's Doubles
Henrik Holm and Anders Järryd won the title by defeating Sébastien Lareau and Patrick McEnroe 7–6, 6–1 in the final.


1994 Japan Open Tennis Championships – Men's Doubles, Seeds
The top four seeds received a bye into the second round.


1994 Japan Open Tennis Championships – Men's Singles
First-seeded Pete Sampras was the defending champion, and won the title again defeating Michael Chang in the final 6–4, 6–2.


1994 Japan Open Tennis Championships – Men's Singles, Seeds
The top eight seeds received a bye into the second round.


1994 Japan Open Tennis Championships – Women's Doubles
Ei Iida and Maya Kidowaki were the defending champions but only Iida competed that year with Kyoko Nagatsuka.


1994 Japan Open Tennis Championships – Women's Doubles
Iida and Nagatsuka lost in the quarterfinals to Yayuk Basuki and Nana Miyagi.


1994 Japan Open Tennis Championships – Women's Doubles
Mami Donoshiro and Ai Sugiyama won in the final 6–4, 6–1 against Basuki and Miyagi.


1994 Japan Open Tennis Championships – Women's Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


1994 Japan Open Tennis Championships – Women's Singles
Kimiko Date was the defending champion and won in the final 7–5, 6–0 against Amy Frazier.


1994 Japan Open Tennis Championships – Women's Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.


1994 Japan Series
The 1994 Japan Series was the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) championship series for the 1994 season. It was the 45th Japan Series and featured the Pacific League champion Seibu Lions against the Central League champion Yomiuri Giants. The series was the eighth time the two franchises played each other for the championship.


1994 Japan Series
Because this year's edition of the Japan Series took place during the Major League Baseball strike that scuttled the entire postseason, including the World Series, it received much more attention than normal in the United States. Most memorably, the cover of the October 31 issue of Sports Illustrated featured Lions pitcher Hisanobu Watanabe along with the tagline "The World's Series", in the Lions' 11-0 win in Game One. Chicago-area Regional Sports Networks broadcast the game in English on a week delay basis, with Ken Harrelson being the lead broadcaster. This resulted eventually in Major League Baseball acquiring Japanese players upon the end of the strike.


1994 Japan Series
Two members of the winning Yomiuri Giants team -- Hideki Matsui (2009) and Dan Gladden (1987, 1991) -- also won a World Series.


1994 Japan Series
This was the first Japan Series to feature night games, and the first with a reduction in extra innings. The Series, which had an 18-inning limit before a tie game, adopted a 15-inning limit before Series games were tied.


1994 Japan national football team
This page records the details of the Japan national football team in 1994.


1994 Japan women's national football team
This page records the details of the Japan women's national football team in 1994.


1994 Japanese Formula 3000 Championship
The 1994 Japanese Formula 3000 Championship was contested over 10 rounds. 16 different teams, 30 different drivers, 3 different chassis and 3 different engines competed.


1994 Japanese Formula 3000 Championship, Final point standings, Driver
For every race points were awarded: 9 points to the winner, 6 for runner-up, 4 for third place, 3 for fourth place, 2 for fifth place and 1 for sixth place. No additional points were awarded. The best 7 results count. Two drivers had a point deduction, which are given in ().


1994 Japanese Grand Prix
The 1994 Japanese Grand Prix (officially the XX Fuji Television Japanese Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held on 6 November 1994 at the Suzuka Circuit, Suzuka. It was the fifteenth and penultimate race of the 1994 Formula One World Championship. In wet conditions, the 50-lap race was won by Damon Hill, driving a Williams-Renault, after he started from second position. Hill's Drivers' Championship rival Michael Schumacher finished second in his Benetton-Ford, having started from pole position, with Jean Alesi third in his Ferrari.


1994 Japanese Grand Prix
The win left Hill just one point behind Schumacher in the Drivers' Championship with one race remaining. This also proved to be the last Grand Prix for Érik Comas. This was also the last time in Formula 1 history when the race was split in two parts due to race stoppage and final classification has been set by aggregate time.


1994 Japanese Grand Prix, Report
Going into the race, Benetton driver Michael Schumacher led the Drivers' Championship with 86 points, five ahead of rival Damon Hill in the Williams on 81. Schumacher felt he was "very confident" about the race, and Hill similarly declared that he was "positive".


1994 Japanese Grand Prix, Report
There were several changes of driver for this race: Johnny Herbert moved from Ligier to Benetton after just one race for the French team, replacing Jos Verstappen. His place at Ligier was taken by Franck Lagorce. Eric Bernard lost his seat at Lotus to Mika Salo who had been racing in Japanese Formula 3000, and likewise Simtek hired Taki Inoue on a one-race deal, replacing Domenico Schiattarella. Finally JJ Lehto had returned to Sauber to replace Andrea de Cesaris after the Italian's sudden retirement from Formula One.


1994 Japanese Grand Prix, Report
The race started in torrential rain, and as a result, several cars spun out of the race by aquaplaning, including Schumacher's team-mate Herbert on lap 4, Lagorce, the Minardis of Pierluigi Martini and Michele Alboreto, and all three Japanese drivers by the end of lap 3 (with both Ukyo Katayama and Hideki Noda being injured in separate crashes). Lehto also retired at the start with an engine failure. As did Gerhard Berger in the second Ferrari with battery problems by lap 11.


1994 Japanese Grand Prix, Report
On lap 13, Gianni Morbidelli crashed his Footwork at one of the Esses at the first sector. Shortly afterwards, Martin Brundle spun his McLaren off the track and crashed at the same spot, and as he bounced off the tyre barriers, hit a track marshal who was moving Morbidelli's car off the gravel trap. The marshal suffered a broken leg, adding to the huge list of injuries of the 1994 season, and the race was immediately stopped, as both Brundle and Morbidelli were fortunately able to escape uninjured.


1994 Japanese Grand Prix, Report
Rubens Barrichello soon retired in the pits with transmission problems by lap 17, Blundell was also forced to retire from 10th position when his engine failed on lap 27, which ended an appalling weekend for Tyrrell. This left 13 runners, and there were no further retirements for the remaining 23 laps.


1994 Japanese Grand Prix, Report
As the rain eased, it was decided to run the remainder of the race, with around one hour to the time limit, on aggregate corrected time. Schumacher had been leading by 6.8 seconds when the red flag was shown, but Hill had a bigger lead (10.1 seconds) at the chequered flag, and thus took the win by 3.3 seconds on aggregate. This remains the last instance of aggregate race time being used in Formula One to determine the winner.


1994 Japanese Super Cup
1994 Japanese Super Cup was the Japanese Super Cup competition. The match was played at National Stadium in Tokyo on March 5, 1994. Verdy Kawasaki won the championship.


1994 Japanese Touring Car Championship
The 1994 Japanese Touring Car Championship season was the 10th edition of the series and the first to be run under Class II regulations. It began at Autopolis on 24 April and finished after nine events at Fuji Speedway on 30 October. The championship was won by Masanori Sekiya, driving for Toyota Team TOM's.


1994 Japanese Touring Car Championship, Calendar
Round 18 was also part of the 1994 Asia-Pacific Touring Car Championship calendar.


1994 Japanese Touring Car Championship, Championship Standings
Points were awarded 15, 12, 9, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 to the top 10 finishers in each race, with no bonus points for pole positions or fastest laps. Drivers counted their 13 best scores.


1994 Japanese electoral reform
The 1994 electoral reform in Japan was a change from the previous single non-transferable vote (SNTV) system of multi-member districts (MMD) to a mixed electoral system of single-member districts (SMD) with plurality voting and a party list system with proportional representation. The reform had three main objectives: change the one-party dominance of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) from the previous 1955 system to a two-party system with alternation in power, reduce the cost of elections and campaigns, and change campaign focus from individual-centered to party-centered.


1994 Japanese electoral reform, Criticisms of the previous system, LDP dominance
The 1955 system saw the emergence of two main parties, the LDP and the Japanese Socialist Party (JSP). The LDP was created in November 1955 by the combination of two conservative parties, Japan Democratic Party and Liberal Party. This, plus the reformation of the JSP, created a "one and a half party system", as oftentimes the LDP had twice as many seats as the opposition within the legislation. Following this, the LDP remained in power for the next 38 years until 1993.


1994 Japanese electoral reform, Criticisms of the previous system, LDP dominance
The LDP was made up of many powerful factions within the party which acted as "parties within a party". These factions generally conducted deals with each other behind closed doors to choose the next prime minister, and in return, the prime minister made sure to allocate Cabinet positions across all factions. These factions played a major role in influencing the LDP's policies and agendas.


1994 Japanese electoral reform, Criticisms of the previous system, LDP dominance
Although the previous system began as a "one and a half party system", over time, the opposition splintered. Meanwhile, the LDP came to dominate the government by winning reelection after reelection through a pragmatic approach to gain voters. The party also used their incumbency to create strong connections with the bureaucracy and with businesses. This relationship was called the Iron Triangle and helped the LDP maintain their power and influence.


1994 Japanese electoral reform, Criticisms of the previous system, LDP dominance
An example of this, called amakudari, is when the LDP would give high-ranking, high-paying corporation jobs to retired bureaucrats in return for government approval for projects (such as public works) that employed companies (such as construction) that supported the LDP. This concept was most apparent during Tanaka Kakuei's time as prime minister in the 1970s.


1994 Japanese electoral reform, Criticisms of the previous system, LDP dominance
However, as globalization increased, the isolationist party was forced to open up to foreign companies and investment. Increased affluence in the citizens and urbanization also impacted the rural-based LDP's power. With urbanization also came liberalization, and citizens' interests and the media started to diversify. In addition, the changing demographics to an aging society forced the LDP to start new welfare programs, and introduced the 3% sales tax in 1989 to increase funding, much to the dismay of the voters. The economic bubble also collapsed in 1991, bringing a shock to the legitimacy of the LDP. Money politics, including business deals between companies and the party, along with pork barrel spending and patronage systems led to finance scandals and corruption, as mentioned below.


1994 Japanese electoral reform, Criticisms of the previous system, Money politics
Due to several economic changes in the later half of the 20th century, LDP members grew increasingly wealthy. Especially in the 1970s and 1980s, many used their position of power to take advantage of opportunities in real estate and the stock market. As this happened, the number of scandals and corruption increased. Consequently, confidence in the LDP decreased as money scandals continued to plague the Diet.


1994 Japanese electoral reform, Criticisms of the previous system, Money politics, Pork barrel politics
Another major characteristic of Japanese politics prior to reformation was pork barrel politics: spending from the national budget on a certain district in return for votes and other supporting contributions. One important factor within pork barrel politics is the concept of the koenkai. This is a group of a politician's followers and serves as a middle ground for providing voter and financial support to politicians and granting favors to constituents. The stronger the politician's influence and power, the stronger his or her koenkai will be. If the politician can engage in pork barrel politics and provide national spending on local projects, the more influence and power the politician can gain in his/her constituency.


1994 Japanese electoral reform, Criticisms of the previous system, Money politics, Corruption
Many money-related scandals occurred between LDP politicians and businesses during the 1955 system. Some businesses with close relationships with the LDP thrived because of favors granted to them via state intervention. Some ways this happened was through tax breaks, grants, or permits that eliminated other business competition. Listed below is an example of a scandal that occurred during the Tanaka Cabinet.


1994 Japanese electoral reform, Criticisms of the previous system, Money politics, Corruption
The Tanaka Kakuei I Cabinet lasted from April 26, 1972, to January 24, 1974.


1994 Japanese electoral reform, Criticisms of the previous system, Money politics, Corruption
One of the primary concerns regarding Tanaka's presence in Japanese politics was the structural corruption (kōzō oshoku) based on his frequent use of money to influence politics. Tanaka was arrested for accepting a bribe for the first time shortly after he entered the National Diet. Interest mining groups in Fukuoka paid him approximately ¥1 million to vote against the nationalization of coal mines.


1994 Japanese electoral reform, Criticisms of the previous system, Money politics, Corruption
In 1974, Tanaka approved a request by Osano Kenji, a prominent Japanese businessman and hotel owner, to purchase the Princess Kaiulani Hotel in Hawaii with exported funds, despite high restriction on the export of capital. In return, Osano bought one of Tanaka's near bankrupt construction companies.


1994 Japanese electoral reform, Criticisms of the previous system, Money politics, Corruption
Tanaka often used the custom of gift giving in Japanese culture to hand out funds to his party members. The press claimed in that in 1974, ¥3 to ¥5 million was given to every member of the Diet as well as chiefs and ministries of the bureau all under the cover of summer gifts (o-chūgen).


1994 Japanese electoral reform, Criticisms of the previous system, Money politics, Corruption
The Lockheed bribery scandals in the 1970s refer to several bribes accepted during Tanaka's time as prime minister. After accepting a bribe of ¥3 million from Lockheed, Tanaka influenced the Ministry of Transportation and All Nippon Airways to create a contract with Lockheed Aircraft.


1994 Japanese electoral reform, Criticisms of the previous system, Money politics, Corruption
Even after Tanaka's arrest and forced resignation as an LDP member in 1976, the faction which he led within the party continued to have a significant influence in Japanese politics. They had enough power to be able control who would be elected the next prime minister as well as creating public policies.


1994 Japanese electoral reform, Criticisms of the previous system, Candidate vs party strength imbalance
The focus on candidates rather than issues and policies strengthened the candidate disproportionately against the party they represented. This was caused by the combination of SNTV and multi-member districts (MMD). Under an SNTV system, voters cast one vote for one candidate. An MMD system indicates that multiple winners from each district get sent to the national legislature. Normally, MMD win seat numbers based on the number of votes the party receives. The SNTV system, however, allowed parties to run multiple candidates at once and voters would choose among candidates.


1994 Japanese electoral reform, Criticisms of the previous system, Candidate vs party strength imbalance
Because of this, candidates needed to differentiate themselves to voters, creating an environment where the personality of the candidate became more important than the party they represented. Candidates relied on pork barrel politics, patronage, and other favors to their constituents for votes in return.


1994 Japanese electoral reform, Criticisms of the previous system, Candidate vs party strength imbalance
Reformers hoped that the change would encourage party centered, issue and policy based campaigns, so voters would know what the entire party stands for and push for at the national scale, as opposed to a candidate centered campaign where voting was simply based on candidate charisma or the candidate's promises to bring local benefits from national funds.


1994 Japanese electoral reform, Discussion leading up to reform, LDP reformers
Some members within the LDP were frustrated with the internal structure of the party itself. Besides already mentioned issues of corruption, another problem was the need for consensus from faction leaders before any significant initiatives could be put into action. Subsidies for farmers, banks, retailers, and zombie companies were also frequent complaints.


1994 Japanese electoral reform, Discussion leading up to reform, LDP reformers, Hata Tsutomu
From 1990 to 1991, Finance Minister Hata Tsutomu proposed several reform ideas. These included replacing the previous SNTV system with a mixed system of single-member districts and proportional representation. This, however, was argued against and turned down on the basis that current struggles would soon pass and the Diet should not so quickly abandon their original system.


1994 Japanese electoral reform, Discussion leading up to reform, LDP reformers, Ozawa Ichirō
Another one of the most significant figures among LDP defectors was Ozawa Ichirō, a significant member of one of the LDP's many factions. This faction was led by former Prime Minister Takeshita Noboru. Takeshita was a supporter of Prime Minister Miyazawa Kiichi. Miyazawa had once promised to introduce reforms that were aimed to deal with effects of the scandals and economic collapse prior to 1993. Reforms included a system of 500 single member districts, elected by plurality voting. Pressure from other factions, however, eventually made Miyazawa back away from any promise of reform, and no agreement was made.