1994 eastern seaboard fires, Extent of the fires, Progression of the fires
By 9 January, more than 16,000 people were on standby for evacuation from the Lower Blue Mountains. Thousands of people were sleeping on the football field at the Central Coast Leagues Club, after the evacuation of Kariong, Woy Woy, Umina, Ettalong and Brisbane Waters. Much of Gosford, Kariong and Somersby had been evacuated, along with Terrey Hills. Homes at Menai, Sutherland, Chatswood, Lindfield, Turramurra, Macquarie Park and Sydney's northern beaches had been lost. 60 fires were burning on the north coast, as firefighters battled infernos over 30 hectares from Coffs Harbour to the Queensland border. Fires were approaching towns in the Blue Mountains including Blackheath and in the Shoalhaven, including Ulladulla.


1994 eastern seaboard fires, Extent of the fires, Progression of the fires
By 15 January, about 450 square km had been burned in the Gosford area and fires in the Gospers Mountain/Wollemi National Park and west of the Kulnura and Mangrove Mountain were still causing ongoing concern for Gosford. Arsonists had lit blazes in the area, including a Mangrove Mountain fire threatening the city.


1994 eastern seaboard fires, Extent of the fires, Progression of the fires
Thirteen houses were destroyed in suburbs around Lane Cove National Park and 42 were destroyed around Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, Garigal National Park and the Royal National Park, 9 houses including a Youth hostel were destroyed in Hawkesbury Heights in the Blue Mountains.


1994 eastern seaboard fires, Extent of the fires, Firefighting effort
Over 20,000 volunteer and professional firefighters from New South Wales and interstate fought the blazes. This was the largest fire suppression effort yet undertaken in Australian history.


1994 eastern seaboard fires, Extent of the fires, Firefighting effort
Four people were killed by the fires, including three firefighters. A woman was killed in Como Jannali seeking shelter in her pool, while volunteer Robert Page was killed by a tree falling on his tanker in the Double Duke Forest near Grafton; volunteer Norman Anthes from Lithgow died mopping up the Mount Horrible fire near Lithgow and 17 year old volunteer Clinton Westwood died in a tanker crash.


1994 eastern seaboard fires, Causes
The 1994 (NSW): Report of the Select Committee on Bushfires, Parliament of New South Wales, Legislative Assembly and 1996 (NSW): Recommendations from the New South Wales Inquiry into 1993/94 Fires, NSW State Coroner's Office. J.W. Hiatt. examined causes of the fires.


1994 eastern seaboard fires, Causes
According to The Sydney Morning Herald, the Blue Mountains were full of dry undergrowth in January 1994, having not had a significant bushfire for 20 years.


1994 eastern seaboard fires, Political response
On 8 January, The Age reported that politicians were returning from holidays to cope with the growing catastrophe. Premier John Fahey returned for a day from his family holiday on the Gold Coast, while Acting Prime Minister Brian Howe paid tribute to NSW firefighting operations, and Acting NSW Opposition Leader Andrew Refshauge called for greater fines for arsonists.


1994 eastern seaboard fires, Political response
On 9 January, The Sunday Age reported that the Australian Defence Force had deployed 400 troops, 25 helicopters and aircraft, and that Prime Minister Paul Keating had cut short his holiday to receive a briefing on the crisis and inspect firefighting efforts with the NSW Premier John Fahey. Keating announced that an additional 500 troops were on standby to assist with firefighting efforts and thanked the 7,500 volunteers who had been fighting 150 blazes since Boxing Day.


1994 eastern seaboard fires, Legacy
The 1993-94 fire season was amongst the largest firefighting efforts in Australian history. A lengthy Coronial inquest followed the fires, leading to the formation of the New South Wales Rural Fire Service. The Rural Fires Act 1997 was proclaimed on 1 September 1997.


1994 eastern seaboard fires, International coverage
These fires generated a large amount of media coverage internationally. This was the only occasion in which a major city, Sydney, had been threatened with total isolation due to fire. At the peak of the fires only the Hume Highway to the southwest remained open. All other road and rail routes out of Sydney were closed. Residents of the entire metropolitan area of Sydney had to contend with ash raining down on them, and the sky remained a blazing orange colour for days afterwards.


1994 eastern seaboard fires, Precedents
The devastating 1938-9 Bushfire season had similarly seen Sydney ringed by fire. On 16 January, The Sydney Morning Herald reported that disastrous fires were burning in Victoria, New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory as the climax of a terrible heatwave: Sydney faced record heat and had fires to the north, south and west  from Palm Beach and Port Hacking to the Blue Mountains, with fires blazing at Castle Hill, Sylvania, Cronulla and French's Forest. Disastrous fires were reported at Penrose, Wollongong, Nowra, Bathurst, Ulludulla, Mittagong, Trunkey and Nelligen.


1994 expanded World Health Organization AIDS case definition
The 1994 expanded World Health Organization AIDS case definition came around through the developments in the understanding of the spectrum of severe HIV-related illness both in developed and developing countries, and the increased availability of laboratory diagnostic methods, a meeting was convened in Geneva, Switzerland by the World Health Organization Global Programme on AIDS to review the 1985 World Health Organization AIDS surveillance case definition (Bangui definition) and to modify and expand them for use in adults and adolescents. Both the 1985 World Health Organization AIDS surveillance case definition and the 1994 expanded World Health Organization AIDS case definition are case definitions for AIDS surveillance and not for clinically staging HIV infection.


1994 expanded World Health Organization AIDS case definition
The main change from the Bangui definition is the addition of an HIV test for HIV antibody. If this test gives a positive result and one or more of the following conditions, the individual is considered to have AIDS.


1994 expanded World Health Organization AIDS case definition
In a study comparing the 1994 expanded case definition with the clinical definition, the expanded case definition was found to reduce false negatives by including a greater range of symptoms, as well as reduce false positives through inclusion of the HIV antibody test.


1994 in Afghanistan
The following lists events that happened during 1994 in Afghanistan.


1994 in Afghanistan
Destructive and inconclusive fighting between forces loyal to Prime Minister Hekmatyar and troops loyal to President Rabbani results in the disintegration of central state authority and weaken the cohesion of the multinational state. Kabul remains divided into zones controlled by rival groups. A blockade of Kabul leads to fighting in northern Afghanistan over a tenuous road link to neighboring Tajikistan. The prolonged bombardment reduces most of the Afghan capital to ruins and causes 75% of Kabul's population of two million to flee the area. Outside Kabul the central government's authority all but disappears.


1994 in Afghanistan
Under the protection of Gen. Abdul Rashid Dostum, an Afghan Uzbek, Mazar-i-Sharif, the largest industrial complex in Afghanistan, enjoys relative stability. In Jalalabad local political groups and commanders cooperate to provide basic public services. In Kandahar local rivalries slow reconstruction. Herat is generally peaceful and secure and begins to reclaim its traditional role as commercial centre along trade routes with neighbouring Iran and Turkmenistan. International rivalries continue to agitate Afghanistan's divided society. The country's large Shi`ite minority and the 1.8 million Afghan refugees in neighbouring Iran automatically give Tehran a role in Afghan affairs.


1994 in Afghanistan
Saudi Arabia becomes involved by supporting factions it sees as a counterweight to Iranian influence. Pakistan's role is even more crucial. Not only does Pakistan give refuge to 1.5 million Afghan refugees, but it is permanent home to a section of the Pashtun ethnic group, which traditionally plays a leading role in Afghan politics. India and China view the strengthening of Islamic fundamentalism in Afghanistan as a danger to their own authority in Kashmir and Sinkiang, respectively, while other countries throughout the world are concerned about terrorists trained by Afghanistan's warring factions and the country's expanding drug trafficking. Serious international attention to Afghanistan remains distracted, however, both by the apparent unwillingness of Afghan leaders to cooperate and by attention to international crises elsewhere.


1994 in Afghanistan, January 1, 1994
Hekmatyar's Hezb-i-Islami forces and those of Dostum coordinate an artillery and rocket assault on Kabul. The offensive represents a major realignment of forces vying for control of the government. Dostum precipitated the surrender of Kabul to resistance forces in April 1992 by withdrawing his support from the Soviet-installed regime of Najibullah. He placed the greater part of the communist army and air force under his command and assisted the new resistance government fighting Hekmatyar's forces.


1994 in Afghanistan, March 1994
UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali appoints former Tunisian foreign minister Mahmoud Mestiri head of a special peace commission. He meets leaders inside and outside Afghanistan, but no formal UN peace plan is announced.


1994 in Afghanistan, June 28, 1994
Rabbani refuses to relinquish the presidency when his term expires, and the Supreme Court in Kabul extends his term for an additional six months. A similar extension to Hekmatyar's premiership is not granted. General dissatisfaction over the unending power struggle leads to renewed calls to convene a Loya Jirga, or grand assembly. While many Afghans fear that a Loya Jirga would serve to reinforce traditional social structures at the expense of social progress, there is movement nonetheless toward some form of assembly that could offer legitimate leadership.


1994 in Afghanistan, July 1994
Hamid al-Ghabid, secretary-general of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, leads a peace effort, but individual OIC member states are unable to agree on an appropriate solution.


1994 in Afghanistan, July 1994
Representatives from throughout Afghanistan and prominent Afghans living abroad meet in Herat. Although the delegates endorse Rabbani's continuance as president, they initiate measures aimed at organizing a Loya Jirga to choose a new government.


1994 in Afghanistan, August 1994
A senior mullah from the southern city of Kandahar, Mohammad Omar, sets up the Taliban (Persian for "students") movement, which quickly becomes a powerful guerrilla force. The group's first accomplishment is the defeat of local commanders who have hijacked a truck convoy traveling from Pakistan to Central Asia. These mainly Pashtun students secure the release of the convoy and within days take control of Kandahar (October); later they extend their control to neighbouring provinces.


1994 in Afghanistan, August 1994
While maintaining a low profile in a council in Kandahar, the Taliban declare that their goal is to disarm all factions and create a united, Islamic government in Afghanistan. The Taliban were recruited from schools set up among Afghan refugees in Pakistan during the years following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. From the time of the first Taliban successes, Pakistan denies any official support, but most observers discount such denials, noting the modern logistic support and sophisticated communications equipment at the disposal of the "students."


1994 in American television
The following is a list of events affecting American television during 1994. Events listed include television series debuts, finales, cancellations, and channel initiations, closures and re-brandings, as well as information about controversies and disputes.


1994 in Armenian football
The 1994 season was the third season of football in Armenia following the break-up of the Soviet Union. Professional football consisted of two divisions, the Armenian Premier League (containing 16 teams) and the Armenian First League (ten teams). Out of the sixteen Premier League teams, five would be relegated, while only the First League winner would be promoted for the 1995 season, reducing the top level to twelve clubs.


1994 in Australia
The following lists events that happened during 1994 in Australia.


1994 in Australian literature
This article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1994.


1994 in Australian literature, Births
A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1994 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.


1994 in Australian literature, Deaths
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1994 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.


1994 in Australian television, Changes to network affiliation
This is a list of programs which made their premiere on an Australian television network that had previously premiered on another Australian television network. The networks involved in the switch of allegiances are predominantly both free-to-air networks or both subscription television networks. Programs that have their free-to-air/subscription television premiere, after previously premiering on the opposite platform (free-to air to subscription/subscription to free-to air) are not included. In some cases, programs may still air on the original television network. This occurs predominantly with programs shared between subscription television networks.


1994 in Azerbaijan
This is a list of events that took place in the year 1994 in Azerbaijan.


1994 in Azerbaijan, Overview
Azerbaijan Gymnastics Federation was the part of International Federation of Gymnastics (FIG).


1994 in Azerbaijan, Overview
Association of Football Federations of Azerbaijan became the Member of UEFA and FIFA.


1994 in Bangladesh
1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1994th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 994th  year of the 2nd millennium, the 94th  year of the 20th century, and the  5th   year of the 1990s decade.


1994 in Bangladesh
The year 1994 was the 23rd year after the independence of Bangladesh. It was the fourth year of the first term of the government of Khaleda Zia. The year was characterized by the continuous boycott of parliament by the opposition parties over the demand of a neutral Caretaker Government to oversee future elections.


1994 in Bangladesh, Climate, Cyclone
A cyclone with a velocity of 210 kilometres (130 mi) per hour struck the coastal area of Cox's Bazar on 2 May causing extensive damage to the districts of Cox's Bazaar and Bandarban. As a result of the early warning and subsequent evacuation of about 450,000 people, the loss of life was minimal. According to official estimates 133 (including 84 refugees) died and 3,559 were injured.


1994 in Bangladesh, Economy
Note: For the year 1994 average official exchange rate for BDT was 40.21 per US$.


1994 in Belgian television
This is a list of Belgian television related events from 1994.


1994 in Bosnia and Herzegovina
The following lists events that happened during the year 1994 in Bosnia and Herzegovina.


1994 in Brazilian football
The following article presents a summary of the 1994 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 93rd season of competitive football in the country.


1994 in Brazilian football, Campeonato Brasileiro Série A
Palmeiras declared as the Campeonato Brasileiro champions by aggregate score of 4-2.


1994 in Brazilian football, Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, Relegation
The two worst placed teams in the repechage, which are Remo and Náutico, were relegated to the following year's second level.


1994 in Brazilian football, Campeonato Brasileiro Série B
Goiás declared as the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B champions by aggregate score of 3-3.


1994 in Brazilian football, Campeonato Brasileiro Série B, Promotion
The champion and runner-up, which are Goiás and Juventude, were promoted to the following year's first level.


1994 in Brazilian football, Campeonato Brasileiro Série B, Relegation
The two worst placed teams in all the four groups in the first stage, which are Fortaleza and Tiradentes-DF, were relegated to the following year's third level.


1994 in Brazilian football, Campeonato Brasileiro Série C
Novorizontino declared as the Campeonato Brasileiro Série C champions by aggregate score of 6-0.


1994 in Brazilian football, Campeonato Brasileiro Série C, Promotion
The champion and the runner-up, which are Novorizontino and Ferroviária, were promoted to the following year's second level.


1994 in Brazilian football, Copa do Brasil
The Copa do Brasil final was played between Grêmio and Ceará.


1994 in Brazilian football, Copa do Brasil
Grêmio declared as the cup champions by aggregate score of 1-0.


1994 in Brazilian football, Brazil national team
The following table lists all the games played by the Brazil national football team in official competitions and friendly matches during 1994.


1994 in Brazilian football, Women's football, National team
The Brazil women's national football team did not play any matches in 1994.


1994 in Brazilian television
This is a list of Brazilian television related events from 1994.


1994 in British music
This is a summary of 1994 in music in the United Kingdom, including the official charts from that year.


1994 in British music, Summary
The first number one single of the year was the 700th since charts began, a reggae version of "Twist and Shout" by Chaka Demus & Pliers. The next month saw Mariah Carey get her first solo UK number 1 with "Without You", after having 8 previous chart-toppers in the United States. Coincidentally, "Without You" did not top the US Billboard Hot 100.


1994 in British music, Summary
In late May, Wet Wet Wet reached number 1 with "Love Is All Around", from the film Four Weddings and a Funeral. It would remain at number 1 for fifteen weeks, the second longest consecutive run at No. 1 ever in the UK Singles Chart, and become the biggest selling single of the year. When Danish singer Whigfield replaced it in September with "Saturday Night", she became the first ever act to enter the UK singles chart at No.1 with their debut single.


1994 in British music, Summary
Manchester rockers Oasis found their success on their debut album, Definitely Maybe, which shot to number No. 1 on its first week out in September.


1994 in British music, Summary
December saw the debut of Boyzone to the charts, with a No. 2 cover of Johnny Bristol's "Love Me for a Reason" (also a 1974 No. 1 for The Osmonds). They would go on to have another fifteen singles, six reaching No. 1 and the rest reaching the top five, as well as four No. 1 albums.


1994 in British music, Summary
Aside from Wet Wet Wet and Whigfield, the only other million selling single this year came from Céline Dion, with "Think Twice" (though it wouldn't reach number 1 until 1995). In all, 15 singles topped the chart this year, the second lowest number for any year in the decade.


1994 in British music, Summary
1994 also saw a first for Prince, who scored his only British chart-topper with "The Most Beautiful Girl in the World".


1994 in British music, Summary
This was the year when Karl Jenkins, soon to be the UK's favourite classical composer, launched his crossover project, Adiemus, with the album, Adiemus: Songs of Sanctuary. Popularised through its use in TV commercials, the title track became known to classical and popular music fans alike. It also made the name of vocalist Miriam Stockley.


1994 in British music, Summary
Another British composer, Stephen Warbeck, won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Music in a Play, awarded for achievements in Broadway theatre; the award was made for his music for a production of An Inspector Calls.


1994 in British music, Summary
A record was broken in 1994 for the longest song to become a UK top 10 hit when Bon Jovi released the single "Dry County" in March, when it peaked at #9. The song was 9 minutes and 52 seconds long.


1994 in British music, Music awards, Mercury Music Prize
The 1994 Mercury Music Prize was awarded to M People – Elegant Slumming.


1994 in British radio
This is a list of events in British radio during 1994.


1994 in British television
This is a list of British television related events from 1994.


1994 in Burundi
The following lists events that happened during 1994 in Burundi.


1994 in Canadian television
This is a list of Canadian television related events from 1994.


1994 in Cape Verde
The following lists events that happened during 1994 in Cape Verde.


1994 in Chile
The following lists events that happened during 1994 in Chile.


1994 in Croatian television
This is a list of Croatian television related events from 1994.


1994 in Danish television
This is a list of Danish television related events from 1994.


1994 in Dutch television
This is a list of Dutch television related events from 1994.


1994 in Ecuadorian football
The 1994 season is the 72nd season of competitive football in Ecuador.


1994 in Ecuadorian football, National teams, Senior team
The Ecuadorian national team played four friendlies in 1994. Ecuadorian Carlos Torres Garcés assumed management of the national team following the resignation of Montenegrin Dušan Drašković. After two matches, Garcés resigned and was succeeded by Carlos Rón.


1994 in England, Events, April
29th April Roland Ratzenbuger is killed during qualification for the San Marino Grand Prix


1994 in Estonia
This article lists events that occurred during 1994 in Estonia.


1994 in Estonian football
The 1994 season was the third full year of competitive football (soccer) in Estonia since gaining independence from the Soviet Union on 20 August 1991.


1994 in Estonian television
This is a list of Estonian television related events from 1994.


1994 in Ghana
1994 in Ghana details events of note that happened in Ghana in the year 1994.


1994 in Ghana, National holidays
In addition, several other places observe local holidays, such as the foundation of their town. These are also "special days."


1994 in Hong Kong
The following lists events during 1994 in British Hong Kong.


1994 in Iceland
The following lists events that happened in 1994 in Iceland.


1994 in India
Events in the year 1994 in the Republic of India.


1994 in Irish television
The following is a list of events relating to television in Ireland from 1994.


1994 in Israel, Events, Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The most prominent events related to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict which occurred during 1994 include:


1994 in Israel, Events, Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The most prominent Palestinian militant acts and operations committed against Israeli targets during 1994 include:


1994 in Israel, Events, Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Notable Israeli military operations against Palestinian militancy targetsThe most prominent Israeli military counter-terrorism operations (military campaigns and military operations) carried out against Palestinian militants during 1994 include:


1994 in Italian television
This is a list of events relating to Italian television in 1994.


1994 in Italian television, Television shows, RAI, Drama
Three chapters of the LUX Vide's Bible project were aired, all with music by Ennio Morricone:


1994 in Japan
Events in the year 1994 in Japan. It corresponds to Heisei 6 (平成6年) in the Japanese calendar.


1994 in LGBT rights
This is a list of notable events in the history of LGBT rights that took place in the year 1994.


1994 in Laos
The following lists events that happened during 1994 in Laos.


1994 in Latin music
This is a list of notable events in Latin music (music from Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking areas from Latin America, Europe, and the United States) that took place in 1994.


1994 in Latin music, Best-selling records, Best-selling albums
The following is a list of the top 10 best-selling Latin albums in the United States in 1994, according to Billboard.


1994 in Latin music, Best-selling records, Best-performing songs
The following is a list of the top 10 best-performing Latin songs in the United States in 1994, according to Billboard.


1994 in Libya
The following lists events that happened in 1994 in Libya.


1994 in Luxembourg
The following lists events that happened during 1994 in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.


1994 in Malaysia
This article lists important figures and events in Malaysian public affairs during the year 1994, together with births and deaths of notable Malaysians.


1994 in Michigan, Top Michigan news stories
Newspaper editors and broadcast news directors voted on the top news stories in Michigan for 1994 as follows:


1994 in Michigan, Top Michigan news stories
In separate balloting by Michigan Associated Press newspapers and broadcast stations, the state's top sports stories were selected as follows:


1994 in Michigan, Population
In the 1990 United States Census, Michigan was recorded as having a population of 9,295,29 persons, ranking as the eighth most populous state in the country. By 2000, the state's population had grown by 6.9% to 9,938,444 persons.


1994 in Michigan, Population, Cities
The following is a list of cities in Michigan with a population of at least 50,000 based on 1990 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1980 and 2000 is included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Cities that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.


1994 in Michigan, Population, Counties
The following is a list of counties in Michigan with populations of at least 150,000 based on 1990 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1980 and 2000 are included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Counties that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.


1994 in New Zealand
The following lists events that happened during 1994 in New Zealand.


1994 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government
The 44th New Zealand Parliament continued. Government was The National Party, led by Jim Bolger.


1994 in New Zealand, Arts and literature, Radio and Television
See : List of TVNZ television programming, TV3 (New Zealand), Public broadcasting in New Zealand


1994 in New Zealand, Arts and literature, Film
See : Category:1994 film awards, 1994 in film, List of New Zealand feature films, Cinema of New Zealand, Category:1994 films


1994 in New Zealand, Sport, Cricket
Various Tours, New Zealand cricket team, Chappell–Hadlee Trophy, Cricket World Cup


1994 in New Zealand, Sport, Golf
New Zealand Open, Check Category:New Zealand golfers in overseas tournaments.


1994 in New Zealand, Sport, Rugby union
Category:Rugby union in New Zealand, Rugby Union World Cup, National Provincial Championship, Category:All Blacks, Bledisloe Cup, Tri Nations Series, Ranfurly Shield


1994 in Nigeria
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1994 to Nigeria and its people.


1994 in Norwegian football
The 1994 season was the 89th season of competitive football in Norway.


1994 in Norwegian football, Men's football, League season, Tippeligaen
Molde FK qualified for the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup as a team from lower division.


1994 in Norwegian music
The following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1994 in Norwegian music.


1994 in Pancrase
The year 1994 is the second year in the history of Pancrase, a mixed martial arts promotion based in the Japan. In 1994 Pancrase held 10 events beginning with, Pancrase: Pancrash! 1.


1994 in Pancrase, Pancrase: Pancrash! 1
Pancrase: Pancrash! 1  was an event held on January 19, 1994, at The Yokohama Cultural Gymnasium in Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.


1994 in Pancrase, Pancrase: Pancrash! 1, Background
In this event, both Bas Rutten and Ken Shamrock lose, their first loss in Pancrase.


1994 in Pancrase, Pancrase: Pancrash! 2
Pancrase: Pancrash! 2  was an event held on March 12, 1994, at Aichi Budokan in Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.


1994 in Pancrase, Pancrase: Pancrash! 3
Pancrase: Pancrash! 3  was an event held on April 21, 1994, at Osaka Metropolitan Gymnasium in Osaka, Osaka, Japan.


1994 in Pancrase, Pancrase: Road to the Championship 1
Pancrase: Road to the Championship 1  was an event held on May 31, 1994, at Nippon Budokan in Tokyo, Japan.


1994 in Pancrase, Pancrase: Road to the Championship 1, Suzuki v Smith
In the second meeting between Maurice Smith and Minoru Suzuki, both men wore close fisted gloves in the first round. However this was not a kickboxing match as their first had been. This match had the standard Pancrase rule set except for shortened round times and the unique glove rule. In the second round both men fought with no gloves. In the third round they again fought with gloves, where Suzuki won with an armbar. Both men laid in the ring for several minutes after the bout.


1994 in Pancrase, Pancrase: Road to the Championship 2
Pancrase: Road to the Championship 2  was an event held on July 6, 1994, at The Amagasaki Gymnasium in Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan.


1994 in Pancrase, Pancrase: Road to the Championship 3
Pancrase: Road to the Championship 3  was an event held on July 26, 1994, at The Komazawa Olympic Gymnasium in Tokyo, Japan.


1994 in Pancrase, Pancrase: Road to the Championship 4
Pancrase: Road To The Championship 4  was an event held on September 1, 1994, at The Osaka Metropolitan Gymnasium in Osaka, Osaka, Japan.


1994 in Pancrase, Pancrase: Road to the Championship 5
Pancrase: Road to the Championship 5  was an event held on October 15, 1994, at Ryogoku Kokugikan in Tokyo, Japan.


1994 in Pancrase, Pancrase: King of Pancrase Tournament Opening Round
Pancrase: King of Pancrase Tournament Opening Round  was an event held on December 16, 1994, at Ryogoku Kokugikan in Tokyo, Japan.


1994 in Pancrase, Pancrase: King of Pancrase Tournament Second Round
Pancrase: King of Pancrase Tournament Second Round  was an event held on December 17, 1994, at Ryogoku Kokugikan in Tokyo, Japan.


1994 in Philippine television
The following is a list of events affecting Philippine television in 1994. Events listed include television show debuts, finales, cancellations, and channel launches, closures and rebrandings, as well as information about controversies and carriage disputes.


1994 in Polish television
This is a list of Polish television related events from 1994.


1994 in Portugal, Arts and entertainment
Portugal participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 with Sara Tavares and the song "Chamar a música".


1994 in Portugal, Sports
Portugal participated in the 1994 Winter Olympics. In association football, for the first-tier league seasons, see 1993–94 Primeira Divisão and 1994–95 Primeira Divisão; for the cup seasons, see 1993–94 Taça de Portugal and 1994–95 Taça de Portugal.


1994 in Portuguese television
This is a list of Portuguese television related events from 1994.


1994 in Russian football
1994 was the third season Russia held its own national football competition since the breakup of the Soviet Union.


1994 in Russian football, Club competitions
FC Spartak Moscow won the league for the third time in a row.


1994 in Russian football, Club competitions
Lower leagues were re-organized, with second-highest First League converted to one zone and a new professional Third League started.


1994 in Russian football, Cup competitions
The second edition of the Russian Cup, 1993–94 Russian Cup was won by FC Spartak Moscow, who beat PFC CSKA Moscow in the finals in a shootout 4-2 after finishing extra time at 2-2.


1994 in Russian football, Cup competitions
Early stages of the 1994–95 Russian Cup were played later in the year.


1994 in Russian football, European club competitions, 1993–94 UEFA Champions League
FC Spartak Moscow finished the group stage in third place, not qualifying for the semifinals.


1994 in Russian football, European club competitions, 1994–95 UEFA Champions League
FC Spartak Moscow qualified directly for the group stage. It did not qualify from the group, coming in third place.


1994 in Russian football, European club competitions, 1994–95 UEFA Cup
FC Rotor Volgograd and FC Tekstilshchik Kamyshin were both eliminated by FC Nantes in the first and second round respectively, with Nicolas Ouédec scoring 7 goals in 4 games. FC Dynamo Moscow were eliminated in the second round.


1994 in Russian football, National team
Russia national football team played at the 1994 FIFA World Cup, not qualifying from the group, even though Oleg Salenko became the top scorer of the competition. In late 1993, 14 players signed a letter demanding the resignation of Pavel Sadyrin and appointment of Anatoliy Byshovets as the manager. Sadyrin stayed as the manager. Some of the players who signed returned to the team, but several (Igor Dobrovolski, Igor Shalimov, Igor Kolyvanov, Sergei Kiriakov, Vasili Kulkov, Andrei Kanchelskis and Andrei Ivanov) did not play at the World Cup. After the tournament, Sadyrin was replaced by Oleg Romantsev for the subsequent games.


1994 in Rwanda
The following lists events that happened during 1994 in the Republic of Rwanda.


1994 in Scottish television
This is a list of events in Scottish television from 1994.


1994 in Shooto
The year 1994 is the 6th year in the history of Shooto, a mixed martial arts promotion based in the Japan. In 1994 Shooto held 6 events beginning with, Shooto: Shooto.


1994 in Shooto, Shooto: Shooto
Shooto: Shooto was an event held on January 14, 1994, at Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, Japan.


1994 in Shooto, Shooto: New Stage Battle of Wrestling
Shooto: New Stage Battle of Wrestling was an event held on March 11, 1994, at Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, Japan.


1994 in Shooto, Shooto: Shooto
Shooto: Shooto was an event held on March 18, 1994, at Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, Japan.


1994 in Shooto, Shooto: Shooto
Shooto: Shooto was an event held on May 6, 1994, at Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, Japan.


1994 in Shooto, Shooto: Vale Tudo Access 1
Shooto: Vale Tudo Access 1 was an event held on September 26, 1994, at Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, Japan.


1994 in Shooto, Shooto: Vale Tudo Access 2
Shooto: Vale Tudo Access 2 was an event held on November 7, 1994, at Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, Japan.


1994 in Singapore
The following lists events that happened during 1994 in Singapore.


1994 in South Africa
1994 in South Africa saw the transition from South Africa's National Party government who had ruled the country since 1948 and had advocated the apartheid system for most of its history, to the African National Congress (ANC) who had been outlawed in South Africa since the 1950s for its opposition to apartheid. The ANC won a majority in the first multiracial election held under universal suffrage. Previously, only white people were allowed to vote.


1994 in South Africa
There were some incidents of violence in the Bantustans leading up to the elections as some leaders of the Bantusans opposed participation in the elections, while other citizens wanted to vote and become part of South Africa. There were also bombings aimed at both the African National Congress and the National Party and politically-motivated murders of leaders of the opposing ANC and Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP).


1994 in South Africa
During this time, South Africa was re-admitted into the United Nations and the International Olympic Committee lifted its ban on South Africa participating in the Olympic Games. The elections took place on 27 April and Nelson Mandela was sworn in as president on 10 May.


1994 in South Africa, Incumbents, Cabinet
The Cabinet, together with the President and the Deputy President, forms part of the Executive.


1994 in South African sport
In South Africa, many events and sports took place, like Rugby and Football, in 1994.


1994 in Sri Lanka
The following lists events that happened during 1994 in Sri Lanka.


1994 in Swedish football
The 1994 season in Swedish football, starting January 1994 and ending December 1994:


1994 in Swedish television
This is a list of Swedish television related events from 1994.


1994 in Taiwan
Events from the year 1994 in Taiwan. This year is numbered Minguo 83 according to the official Republic of China calendar.


1994 in Thailand
The year 1994 was the 213th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the 49th year of the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) and is reckoned as the year 2537 in the Buddhist Era.


1994 in UFC
The year 1994 is the 2nd year in the history of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), a mixed martial arts promotion based in the United States. In 1994 the UFC held 3 events beginning with, UFC 2.


1994 in UFC, Debut UFC fighters
The following fighters fought their first UFC fight in 1994:


1994 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1994 to Wales and its people.


1994 in Zaire
The following lists events that happened during 1994 in Zaire.


1994 in architecture
The year 1994 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.


1994 in association football
The following are the football (soccer) events of the year 1994 throughout the world.


1994 in baseball
The following are the baseball events of the year 1994  throughout the world.


1994 in baseball, Headline events of the year
As a result of a players' strike, the MLB season ended prematurely on August 11, 1994. No postseason (including the World Series) was played. Minor League Baseball was not affected. During the shortened Major League Baseball season, the league adorned uniforms and stadiums to announce the 125th anniversary of baseball's first professional team, the . The Yomiuri Giants also celebrated their sixtieth anniversary with their eighteenth championship in the Japan Series.


1994 in baseball, Headline events of the year
Considered by some to be among history's greatest athletes, Michael Jordan suited up for the Birmingham Barons, the Class AA affiliate of the Chicago White Sox. He played in his first game on April 9, going 0-for-3.


1994 in basketball
The following are the basketball events of the year 1994  throughout the world.


1994 in chess
Below is a list of events in chess in 1994, as well as the top ten FIDE rated chess players of that year.


1994 in comics
Notable events of 1994 in comics. See also List of years in comics.


1994 in country music
This is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1994.


1994 in film
This is a list of films released in 1994. The top worldwide grosser was The Lion King, becoming the highest-grossing Walt Disney Feature Animation film of all-time, although it was slightly overtaken at the North American domestic box office by Forrest Gump, which won the Academy Award for Best Picture.


1994 in film, Highest-grossing films
The top 10 films released in 1994 by worldwide gross are as follows:


1994 in games
This page lists board and card games, wargames, miniatures games, and tabletop role-playing games published in 1994. For video games, see 1994 in video gaming.


1994 in heavy metal music
This is a timeline documenting the events of heavy metal music in the year 1994.


1994 in hip hop music
This article summarizes the events, album releases, and album release dates in hip hop music for the year 1994.


1994 in home video, Movie releases
The following movies were released on video on the following dates:


1994 in home video, TV show releases
The following television shows were released on video on the following dates:


1994 in home video, TV show releases, Direct-to-video VHS releases
The following movies and TV shows were released on video cassette on these following dates:


1994 in home video, TV show releases, Documentary home video releases
The following documentary home videos were released on the following dates:


1994 in home video, International Home Video  releases
The following VHS were released on home video on the following dates:


1994 in ice hockey
The following is a chronicle of events during the year 1994 in ice hockey.


1994 in ice hockey, Olympics
In Ice hockey at the 1994 Winter Olympics, Sweden defeated Canada in a shootout as Peter Forsberg scored the gold-medal clinching goal. Finland won the bronze medal, defeating Russia by a 4-0 mark. Slovakia's Žigmund Pálffy finished as the scoring champion.


1994 in ice hockey, International hockey
Canada beat Finland in a shootout to capture gold at the 1994 Men's Ice Hockey World Championships, winning their first gold since 1961. Sweden's Mats Sundin won the scoring championship. Games in the Championship Group A tournament were held from 25 April to 8 May 1994, played in Bolzano, Canazei and Milan.


1994 in jazz
This is a timeline documenting events of jazz in the year 1994.


1994 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1994.


1994 in motoring
1994 in motoring includes developments in the automotive industry that occurred throughout the year 1994 by various automobile manufacturers, grouped by country. The automotive industry designs, develops, manufactures, markets, and sells motor vehicles.


1994 in motoring, United Kingdom
British Aerospace sold the Rover Group to BMW, with three of Rover's oldest nameplates retired by the end of the year. The Maestro and Montego ranges ceased production, while the Metro no longer existed in name but the car itself was redesigned and sold as the Rover 100 series from December. This included a new 1.5 diesel unit on offer, while the 1.1 and 1.4 petrol engines were carried over from the Metro.


1994 in motoring, United Kingdom
Rover's next generation 400 Series – which went on sale in 1995 – was a clone of the upcoming Honda Civic, while the new 200 Series was the first in-house Rover design since the 1984 Montego.


1994 in motoring, United Kingdom
Ford ceased production of the Granada after 9 years to make way for the new Scorpio. Power comes from a 2.0 16-valve unit, as well as 2.3 16-valve and 2.9 V6 units. The car comes as a saloon or an estate with the hatchback dropped from the range. It would soon gain notoriety for its exterior design from the motoring press and would also be axed without a replacement after 4 years on sale. In the Spring, Ford returned to the coupe market with the American-sourced Probe which offered 2.0 16v or 2.5 V6 24v engines.


1994 in motoring, United Kingdom
Vauxhall replaced the Carlton with the new Omega in April – the latest model to adopt a continental Opel nameplate. Like its predecessor, the Omega was a large rear-wheel drive range of saloons and estates. It was the first Vauxhall launched with the new "V" grille which would soon appear across the range and the facelifted Astra that launched in the Autumn would be the next model to feature it. The larger Senator model was axed from the line-up effectively being replaced by higher-spec versions of the Omega.


1994 in motoring, Germany
Audi ceased use of the 80 nameplate after 22 years for the launch of a new compact executive saloon – the A4. It was available as a four-door saloon (with "Avant" estate versions to follow), with engines ranging from a 1.6 to a 2.8 V6. There was also 1.9 turbo-diesel. European sales commenced in early 1995. Meanwhile, the long-running 100 nameplate would be renamed A6.


1994 in motoring, Germany
Volkswagen launched a new Polo in October, 13 years after the second generation version went on sale (though it was facelifted in 1990). The new Polo was based on the previous year's SEAT Ibiza, using the same chassis. Power came from the 1.3 unit as well as a 1.6 from the larger Golf, though the older engine was later replaced by the Ibiza's 1.0 and 1.4 engines as well as a 1.9 diesel (turbo or non-turbo). Volkswagen also planned to sell the Polo as a saloon and estate. The hatchback was available with three or five doors.


1994 in motoring, Italy
European Car of the Year for the 1995 model year was the Fiat Punto, successor to the Uno and designed by Giorgetto Giugiaro. UK sales started in April.


1994 in motoring, Italy
Alfa Romeo replaced the 33 after 11 years production with the 145, a three-door hatchback which had the appearance of an estate, and the 146 five-door "fastback" which launched in May 1995.


1994 in motoring, France
April 1994 saw the British launch of the Renault Laguna, launched on the continent at the end of 1993, to compete with the Ford Mondeo.


1994 in motoring, France
The scaling back of the Peugeot 205 range, now more than a decade old, continued with the end of production of the GTI model in April, following the arrival of quicker versions of the smaller 106 and larger 306.


1994 in motoring, France
Citroen launches an estate version of the ZX in May which also coincides with a mid-cycle facelift for the model. The BX estate ends production in July while the larger XM also received a mid-life facelift in June.


1994 in motoring, Eastern Europe
Following the 1993 takeover of Skoda by Volkswagen, the Felicia was a redesigned version of the 1988 Favorit. The existing 1.3 unit was joined by a 1.6 petrol and a 1.9 diesel engine which were also found in the Volkswagen Golf, Volkswagen Polo and SEAT Ibiza. The five-door hatchback and estate bodystyles remain.


1994 in motorsport
The following is an overview of the events of 1994 in motorsport including the major racing events, motorsport venues that were opened and closed during a year, championships and non-championship events that were established and disestablished in a year, and births and deaths of racing drivers and other motorsport people.


1994 in motorsport, Annual events
The calendar includes only annual major non-championship events or annual events that had significance separate from the championship. For the dates of the championship events see related season articles.


1994 in music
This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1994.


1994 in music, Biggest hit singles
The following songs achieved the highest chart positions. in the charts of 1994.


1994 in music, Top ten best albums of the year
All albums have been named albums of the year for their hits in the charts.


1994 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1994.


1994 in paleontology, Plants, Angiosperms
A moonseed species. A new comb for Carpolithes auriformis Moved to Stephania auriformis in 2018


1994 in paleontology, Plants, Angiosperms
An icacinaceous relative. type species I. parvum, includes I. lenticularis


1994 in paleontology, Plants, Angiosperms
A Sumac relative. A new genus for Dracontomelon minimus (Reid & Chandler, 1933)


1994 in paleontology, Plants, Angiosperms
A seed of uncertain placement. Type species P. minutum, also includes P. ovatum


1994 in paleontology, Arthropods, Insects
A Sphecomyrminae ant. a new genus for Palaeomyrmex zherichini Dlussky 1975.


1994 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Newly named basal dinosauromorphs
A basal dinosauriform; new genus for "Lagosuchus" liloensis Romer (1972).


1994 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Birds
An Anatidae, type species M. kervazoi; The species was transferred to Alopochen in 1999.


1994 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1994 in poetry, Works published in English
Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:


1994 in poetry, Works published in English, United States, Anthologies in the United States
Poems from these 75 poets were in The Best American Poetry 1994 edited by David Lehman, guest editor A. R. Ammons:


1994 in poetry, Works published in other languages
Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:


1994 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1994 in professional wrestling
1994 in professional wrestling describes the year's events in the world of professional wrestling.


1994 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1994.


1994 in science
The year 1994 in science and technology involved many significant events, listed below.


1994 in spaceflight
This article outlines notable events occurring in 1994 in spaceflight, including major launches and EVAs.


1994 in sports
1994 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.


1994 in sports, Kickboxing
The following is a list of major noteworthy kickboxing events during 1994 in chronological order.


1994 in sports, Kickboxing
Before 2000, K-1 was considered the only major kickboxing promotion in the world.


1994 in sports, Mixed martial arts
The following is a list of major noteworthy MMA events during 1994 in chronological order.


1994 in sports, Mixed martial arts
Before 1997, the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) was considered the only major MMA organization in the world and featured many fewer rules than are used in modern MMA.


1994 in sumo
The following are the events in professional sumo during 1994.


1994 in tennis
This page covers all the important events in the sport of tennis in 1994. Primarily, it provides the results of notable tournaments throughout the year on both the ATP and WTA Tours, the Davis Cup, and the Fed Cup.


1994 in tennis, ITF, Grand Slam events, Australian Open
The 1994 Australian Open was the first major tournament of the year. It took place at Flinders Park in Melbourne, Australia, from 17 to 30 January.


1994 in tennis, ITF, Grand Slam events, French Open
The 1994 French Open played on clay courts took place at the clay courts of the Stade Roland Garros in Paris, France from 23 May until 5 June.


1994 in tennis, ITF, Grand Slam events, Wimbledon
The 1994 Wimbledon Championships, played on grass courts, took place at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, England, and were held from 20 June to 3 July.


1994 in tennis, ITF, Grand Slam events, US Open
The 1994 US Open was the last major of the year, played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City, United States. It was held from 29 August to 11 September.


1994 in tennis, ITF, Davis Cup
The 1994 Davis Cup was the 83rd edition of the year-long tournament between national teams in men's tennis.


1994 in tennis, ITF, Federation Cup
The 1994 Federation Cup was the 32nd edition of the most relevant competition between national teams in women's tennis.


1994 in tennis, ATP Tour, ATP Tour World Championships
The 1994 ATP Tour World Championships was the year-end tournament, where the best eight players of the year competed in a round robin format. The singles championship took place at the Frankfurt Festhalle in Frankfurt, Germany, and the doubles tournament was played in Jakarta, Indonesia.


1994 in tennis, ATP Tour, Championship Series, Single Week events
The ATP Championship Series, Single Week events, precursors of the ATP Masters 1000, were the second in relevance after the Grand Slam tournaments.


1994 in tennis, WTA Tour, WTA Tour Championships
The 1994 WTA Tour Championships were held in New York, United States between November 14 and November 20. This was the year-end tournament, which was played by the top-eight women players.


1994 in tennis, WTA Tour, WTA Tier I Tournaments
The WTA Tier I Tournaments were next in importance to Grand Slam events.


1994 in the European Union, European Capitals of Culture
The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union for a period of one calendar year, during which it organises a series of cultural events with a strong European dimension.


1994 in the Philippines
1994 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in the year 1994.


1994 in the United Arab Emirates
Events from the year 1994 in the United Arab Emirates.


1994 in the decathlon
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by JJMC89 bot III (talk | contribs) at 21:10, 9 April 2020 (Moving Category:Years in the decathlon to Category:Decathlon by year per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Speedy). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1994 in the decathlon
This page lists the World Best Year Performance in the year 1994 in the men's decathlon. One of the main events during this season were the 1994 European Championships in Helsinki, Finland, where the competition started on August 12, 1994, and ended on August 13, 1994.


1994 in the environment
This is a list of notable events relating to the environment in 1994. They relate to environmental law, conservation, environmentalism and environmental issues.


1994 in the sport of athletics
This article contains an overview of the year 1994 in athletics.


1994 in video games
1994 saw many sequels and prequels in video games, such as Super Metroid, Donkey Kong Country, Final Fantasy VI, Sonic 3 & Knuckles, and Virtua Fighter 2, as well as several new titles.


1994 in video games, Financial performance, Highest-grossing arcade games
The best-selling arcade printed circuit board (PCB) worldwide in 1994 was SNK's Neo Geo MVS system.


1994 in video games, Financial performance, Highest-grossing arcade games, Japan
The following titles were the top ten highest-grossing arcade games of 1994 in Japan.


1994 in video games, Financial performance, Highest-grossing arcade games, United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, Virtua Fighter by Sega AM2 was one of the most popular coin-ops of the year.


1994 in video games, Financial performance, Highest-grossing arcade games, United States
In the United States, the following titles were the highest-grossing arcade video games of 1994.


1994 in video games, Financial performance, Best-selling home video games, Japan
In Japan, the following titles were the top ten best-selling home video games of 1994.


1994 in video games, Financial performance, Best-selling home video games, United Kingdom
HMV, a British entertainment retailer, released a monthly list of the chain's highest-selling home video game titles. The following titles topped the monthly all-formats charts, as reported by Computer and Video Games.


1994 in video games, Financial performance, Best-selling home video games, United States
Babbage's, an American video game retailer, released a monthly list of the chain's highest-selling console and handheld titles. The following titles topped the monthly charts, as reported by Electronic Gaming Monthly.


1994 in video games, Financial performance, Top game rentals in the United States
Blockbuster Video, an American chain of video rental shops, released a monthly list of the chain's highest-renting console titles. The following titles topped the monthly charts, as reported by GamePro.


1994 kidnappings of Westerners in India
The 1994 kidnappings of Westerners in India was the abduction of four foreign tourists in New Delhi, India, on 20 October 1994, by terrorists.


1994 kidnappings of Westerners in India, Background
A violent insurgency had been going on in Jammu and Kashmir since 1989. Kidnappings of foreign tourists had been attempted by Kashmiri Militants, most notably the attempt to kidnap seven Israelis in 1991. However, until this point the separatists had not kidnapped anybody outside of the disputed state.


1994 kidnappings of Westerners in India, Background
Three of those kidnapped, Paul Benjamin Ridout, Christopher Myles Croston and Rhys Partridge (Australian citizen of British heritage), were from Great Britain and a fourth, Béla Nuss, was an American from San Francisco, California.


1994 kidnappings of Westerners in India, Kidnappings
The tourists were all befriended by young British Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh who was a member of Harkat-ul-Ansar and pretending to be an Indian under the name "Rohit Sharma". He told them that his uncle had died and left a village for him. He then invited them to visit the village with him. The three Britons were taken to a village near Saharanpur and kept captive there by his associates. Béla Nuss was the last to be kidnapped and was kept in Ghaziabad just outside Delhi. The kidnappers demanded that the Indian government free ten militants imprisoned in Kashmir and threatened to behead their captives if the demand was not met.


1994 kidnappings of Westerners in India, Rescue
Béla Nuss was freed on 31 October by the police, while investigating a robbery, police came across the house where she was being kept captive. After information given to the police by Nuss about other hostages being held, police staked out the house, captured one of the drivers, and the interrogation of two terrorists, later arrested at the site, led them to the village of Saharanpur, where the Britons were being held captive.


1994 kidnappings of Westerners in India, Rescue
Omar Saeed was also captured and wounded when he had returned to the Ghaziabad house to talk to Nuss after being informed that he had stopped eating four days before. Two policemen and a militant were killed in a pre-dawn shoot-out at the second location on 1 November. All the tourists were freed unhurt.


1994 kidnappings of Westerners in India, Aftermath
Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh was incarcerated in Tihar Jail and stayed in prison till December 1999 when he was released in exchange for the passengers aboard hijacked Indian Airlines Flight 814. He subsequently was alleged to be involved in the murder of Daniel Pearl. He was sentenced to death on 14 July 2002 in Pakistan. Three Pakistani militants belonging to Harkat-ul-Ansar were given death sentences and three others life sentences by a Delhi court in April 2002 for their roles in the kidnapping Under CIA interrogation Khalid Sheikh Mohammad confessed to being the one who personally wielded the blade that killed Daniel Pearl.


1994 kidnappings of Westerners in India, In popular culture
The kidnapping was the subject of a 2008 episode of the television series, Kidnapped Abroad.


1994 kidnappings of Westerners in India, In popular culture
The Bollywood film Omerta (2017 film) is based on this kidnapping and Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh.


1994 offshore Sanriku earthquake
The 1994 offshore Sanriku earthquake (Japanese: 三陸はるか沖地震 Sanriku Haruka Okijishin) occurred on December 28, 1994, at 12:19 UTC (21:19 local time). This was a magnitude Mw 7.7 earthquake with epicenter located in the Pacific Ocean at about 180 km east of Hachinohe, Aomori (haruka-oki means "far offshore"). Three people were reported dead and more than 200 injured; 48 houses were completely destroyed. Road damage and power outages were reported. Liquefaction occurred in the Hachinohe Port area. The intensity reached shindo 6 in Hachinohe, Aomori, about 187.6 km from epicenter. It could be felt in Tokyo, about 632.9 km from epicenter, with shindo 2. The Japanese Meteorological Agency put the magnitude at MJMA 7.5. Slip associated with this earthquake continued for more than a year and it has been termed an 'ultra-slow earthquake'.


1994 offshore Sanriku earthquake, Geology
The northern part of Honshu and Hokkaido lie above the convergent plate boundary, where the Pacific Plate is subducting beneath the Okhotsk Plate. The convergence rate across this boundary lies in the range of 7.9–9.2 cm per year. The plate interface in the area of the earthquake epicenter shows an abrupt increase in dip from about 5° to about 15°, 80 km landward of the Japan Trench. This part of the plate boundary has been the location of many powerful historical earthquakes, dating back to the 869 Sanriku earthquake and most recently of the devastating 2011 Tōhoku earthquake.


1994 offshore Sanriku earthquake, Geology
Most of these events relate to rupture along the plate interface, but some, such as the 1933 Sanriku earthquake, involved deformation within the subducting plate. According to the studies of past great earthquakes, a weak seismic coupling is suggested in the offshore Sanriku region. From the distribution of past seismicity, the width of coupling at 40°N was assumed to be about 150 km.


1994 offshore Sanriku earthquake, Geology
In 1999, an investigation was conducted in the source regions of the 1968 offshore Tokachi earthquake and the 1994 offshore Sanriku earthquake. It was found that the structures of crust are heterogeneous in the north and south of 40°10' N. The thickness of the crust is 21 km in the north and 15 km in the south. The P wave velocity in the north is 7% slower than that in the south.


1994 offshore Sanriku earthquake, Earthquake
This was an interplate earthquake, with a low-angle reverse fault focal mechanism, which ruptured part of the plate interface. The region of the largest slip in this earthquake coincides with the region of low seismic moment release in the 1968 Offshore Tokachi earthquake on May 16, 1968, implying that the 1994 Offshore Sanriku earthquake completed the incompleted fault slip in the source region of the 1968 Offshore Tokachi earthquake. The average slip of the fault was estimated to be 0.4 m and the maximal slip about 1.2 m.


1994 offshore Sanriku earthquake, Earthquake
The slip caused by this earthquake can be divided into 'coseismic' slip that occurred immediately before, during and immediately after the event, and a long period of slow post-seismic slip that continued for more than a year after the original event. The slow post-seismic slip following this earthquake had a large seismic moment compared with the coseismic slip associated with the main event. The post-seismic slip occurred in two phases; an initial faster short-term phase that lasted for about ten days, terminating with the largest aftershock, followed by a long-term slower phase. The slip area of the initial phase matches the rupture area for the main event. The second phase migrated significantly further down-dip and to the south, along the plate boundary.


1994 offshore Sanriku earthquake, Earthquake
The main event released a seismic moment of about 3×1020 Nm, corresponding to magnitude Mw  7.59. However, the total seismic moment released by the main event and the following slow slip events up to about 1 year thereafter was about 8×1020 Nm, which corresponds to magnitude Mw  7.84. The seismic moment of the earthquake was put at 4.3×1020 Nm by the USGS. The slow slip in the landward side of the source region was found to be larger than that in the trenchward side of the source region.


1994 offshore Sanriku earthquake, Earthquake
The maximum accelerations recorded in Hachinohe were 602.3 cm/s2 in NS, 488.4 cm/s2 in EW, and 94.1 cm/s2 in UD.


1994 offshore Sanriku earthquake, Tsunami
A local tsunami was triggered by this earthquake. The recorded maximum height of the tsunami was in Miyako, which was about 55 cm. In Ayukawa, Miyagi Prefecture and in Hachinohe, Aomori Prefecture, the tsunami was about 50 cm high. There was no report of damage caused by the tsunami.


1994 offshore Sanriku earthquake, Aftershocks
The locations of the most part of the aftershocks were within a 170 km × 84 km region west of the initial break of the main shock. Most of the aftershocks occurred in the region of small slip in the main rupture.


1994 offshore Sanriku earthquake, Aftershocks
The strongest aftershock occurred on January 6, 1995, at 22:37 UTC (January 7, 1995, at 07:37 local time) with magnitude Mw  6.9, leaving 29 people injured. It was located at 40.246 N, 142.175 E with a depth of 27 km. The intensity reached shindo 5 in Hachinohe, Aomori. This aftershock could be felt in Tokyo with shindo 2.


1994 offshore Sanriku earthquake, Damage
The felt intensity of the earthquake reached Shindo 6 in Hachinohe and Misawa, Shindo 5 at Aomori, Morioka and Mutsu and Shindo 4 at Miyako, Ofunato, Hakodate, Obihiro, Tomakomai and Urakawa. In the prefectures of Aomori and Iwate, about 69,000 households had no electricity. A total of 6,229 buildings were affected, with 48 completely destroyed, 378 partially destroyed and another 5,803 suffering some damage. The total damage was estimated at 170.4 million US dollars.


1994 plague in India
The 1994 plague in India was an outbreak of bubonic and pneumonic plague in south-central and western India from 26 August to 18 October 1994. 693 suspected cases and 56 deaths were reported from the five affected Indian states as well as the Union Territory of Delhi. These cases were from Maharashtra (488 cases), Gujarat (77 cases), Karnataka (46 cases), Uttar Pradesh (10 cases), Madhya Pradesh (4 cases) and New Delhi (68 cases). There are no reports of cases being exported to other countries.


1994 plague in India, Cause
A committee under chairmanship of Professor Vulimiri Ramalingaswami was formed by the Government of India to investigate the plague episode. In 1995, the committee submitted the report "The Plague Epidemic of 1994" to the government of India. The report concluded that the disease was plague, but did not identify the origin.


1994 plague in India, Cause
Other sources identify the ultimate cause as the 1993 Latur earthquake, which caused a large number of homes to be abandoned with food grains inside. This destabilised the population of domestic and wild rats (in which the plague is endemic), allowing transmission of the plague from wild rats to domestic rats to people. The World Health Organization collected reports of excessive rat deaths in Malma in the Beed district of Maharashtra on 5 August 1994, followed by complaints of fleas. After three weeks, WHO received reports of suspected bubonic plague in Malma, followed by other villages and districts.


1994 plague in India, Cause
Flooding in Surat, which had open sewers, put the bodies of many dead rats on the street, which residents probably came into contact with. The Ganesh Chaturthi festival created crowds in the city shortly thereafter, promoting the spread of pneumonic plague, which was declared on 21 September. By the end of the outbreak, an estimated 78% of confirmed cases were in the slums of Surat.


1994 plague in India, Spread of the disease
In the first week of August 1994, health officials reported unusually large numbers of deaths of domestic rats in Surat city of Gujarat state. On 21 September 1994, the Deputy Municipal Commissioner of Health (DMCH) for Surat city received a report that a patient had died seemingly due to pneumonic plague. The DMCH of Surat alerted medical officers in the area where the patient had died. Later that day, a worried caller informed DMCH about 10 deaths in Ved Road residential area and around 50 seriously ill patients admitted to the hospital.


1994 plague in India, Spread of the disease
News of the plague spread through Surat city through the night of 21 September 1994. Ill-prepared, medical shops quickly exhausted stocks of tetracycline. This led to panic with people fleeing hospitals fearing infection from other sick patients.


1994 plague in India, Spread of the disease
This triggered one of the biggest post-independence migration of people in India with around 300,000 people leaving Surat city in 2 days, for fear of illness or of being quarantined.


1994 plague in India, Confusion over disease identification
Initial questions about whether it was an epidemic of plague arose because the Indian health authorities were unable to culture Yersinia pestis, but this could have been due to lack of sophisticated laboratory equipment. Yet there are several lines of evidence strongly suggesting that it was a plague epidemic: blood tests for Yersinia were positive, a number of individuals showed antibodies against Yersinia and the clinical symptoms displayed by the affected were all consistent with the disease being plague.


1994 plague in India, Confusion over disease identification
About 6,000 cases of fever were misidentified as plague, adding to panic and confusion. Villagers in Rajasthan reportedly tried to exterminate rats, which might have led to more cases as fleas would have had to abandon rat hosts for humans.


1994 plague in India, Economic impact and hygiene improvements
Tourism was negatively affected, flights to India were cancelled, and some planes from India were fumigated at airports. Many flights from India to the nearby Gulf region were suspended. Some countries also put a hold on the imports from India. Paramilitary forces set up checkpoints to deal with people fleeing Surat. Panic buying and government-ordered closures spread to Mumbai and Delhi.


1994 plague in India, Economic impact and hygiene improvements
Economic damage in Surat was estimated at ₹816 crore (₹8.160 billion). The city implemented massive infrastructure improvements, tearing down slums, covering sewers, constructing public pay toilets, and implementing fines for littering. It also improved its plans for emergency travel advisories, and fired some corrupt officials and disciplined ineffective city workers, including street sweepers. By 1996, the city was judged the cleanest in India.


1994 reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada
The list below consists of the reasons delivered from the bench by the Supreme Court of Canada during 1994. This list, however, does not include decisions on motions.


1994 roadside attack on Spin magazine journalists
In the 1994 roadside attack on Spin magazine journalists on May Day during the Bosnian War, two journalists, Bryan Brinton and Francis William Tomasic, were killed by a landmine, and journalist and novelist William T. Vollmann was injured near Mostar in Bosnia and Herzegovina.


1994 roadside attack on Spin magazine journalists, Description
William T. Vollmann, Bryan Brinton, and Francis William Tomasic, United States journalists, were in a jeep driving through the north of Mostar in Bosnia and Herzegovina, when they had driven off the main road in territory controlled by the Bosnian army. While driving on this road, the vehicle ran over a landmine at around 4:00 p.m. on 1 May 1994. The mine injured and hospitalized Vollmann and killed Brinton and Tomasic.


1994 roadside attack on Spin magazine journalists, Bryan Brinton
Bryan William Brinton, also known as William Ryan (June 16, 1949 – May 1, 1994), grew up in Crown Hill, Washington. Brinton was the youngest of three brothers from the West Seattle area. He used the name William Ryan at times because it was his middle name and his mother's maiden name. Brinton was enlisted in the army from June 18, 1968 – March 20, 1971 and toured the Vietnam War as a medic.


1994 roadside attack on Spin magazine journalists, Bryan Brinton
After breaking up with a girlfriend when he was 44 years old, Brinton began studying photojournalism and family therapy at Shoreline Community College, hoping to one day pursue photography and journalism full-time rather than landscaping (Brinton owned a landscaping business, Northwest Pacific Tree Service, for most of his adult life. ).


1994 roadside attack on Spin magazine journalists, Bryan Brinton
Brinton traveled to Bosnia and Herzegovina to gain access to press credentials. There he contacted Magnolia News on April 25, 1994 from Croatia and offered his photographs in exchange for press credentials. He wanted to take pictures in war-torn Bosnia and Herzegovina.


1994 roadside attack on Spin magazine journalists, Francis William Tomasic
Francis William Tomasic (26 April 1958 – 1 May 1994), a freelance photographer, age 36, was from Bloomington, Indiana, and attended high school there. Tomasic was a friend of William T. Vollmann, they met while attending the same high school. After high school, Tomasic got his degree in Serbo-Croatian language from Cornell University. Vollmann studied Comparative Literature at Cornell. Both ended up on the trip to Bosnia. Tomasic's father was a professor at Indiana University. He was of Croatian descent. Tomasic was working as a freelance photographer and translator for Spin magazine.


1994 roadside attack on Spin magazine journalists, Francis William Tomasic
His friends say that he was an aspiring journalist and that is what drew him to Bosnia and Herzegovina. A friend of Francis stated, "I think Fran thought that there might be some way to help people understand what was going on in Yugoslavia if some journalists could talk to the people at the helm."


1994 roadside attack on Spin magazine journalists, Context
Mostar was the location of the conflict  between Bosnian Croats and Muslims. The land mine in which the vehicle ran over was near a dam at Salakovac, north of Mostar in Bosnia. A U.N. Military spokesman stated the unrest in the area was the worst fights between Bosnian Serbs and U.N. forces in Bosnia in 2 years, when the fighting first began in the Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. About 3 million mines were laid down during this war.


1994 roadside attack on Spin magazine journalists, Reactions
In a tribute to Francis Tomasic on May 26, 1994 in the United States House of Representatives, a speech was given to honor him. The speech mentioned that the combat zones are unpredictable, with the ones in the new Republic of Yugoslavia being the most unforeseeable. An acquaintance of Tomasic stated he had "inexhaustible sweetness and that he was not someone who understood malice."


1994 Ålandic European Union membership referendum
A referendum on European Union membership was held in the Åland Islands on 20 November 1994. Although a referendum had been held in mainland Finland on 16 October, the islands held a separate vote as they were a separate customs jurisdiction. EU membership was approved by 73.64% of voters.


1994 Úrvalsdeild, Overview
It was contested by 10 teams, and ÍA won the championship. ÍA's Mihajlo Bibercic was the top scorer with 14 goals.


1994 Ýokary Liga
The 1994 Turkmenistan Higher League (Ýokary Liga) season was the third season of Turkmenistan's professional football league.


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment
The 1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment consisted of a series of events, primarily involving affiliation switches between television stations, that resulted from a multimillion-dollar deal between the Fox Broadcasting Company (commonly known as simply Fox) and New World Communications, a media company that – through its then-recently formed broadcasting division – owned several VHF television stations affiliated with major broadcast television networks, primarily CBS.


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment
The major impetus for the changes was to allow Fox to improve its local affiliate coverage, in preparation for the commencement of its rights to the National Football Conference (NFC) television package, which the National Football League (NFL) awarded to the fledgling network in December 1993. As a result of various other deals that followed as a result of the affiliation switches created by the deal between Fox and New World, most notably the buyout of CBS by Westinghouse, the switches constituted some of the most sweeping changes in American television history. As a result of this realignment, Fox ascended to the status of a major television network, comparable in influence to the Big Three television networks (CBS, NBC, and ABC).


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment
Nearly 70 stations in 30 media markets throughout the United States changed affiliations starting in September 1994 and continuing through September 1996 (although an additional affiliation switch would occur in February 1997, through the launch of an upstart station that gained its network partner through one of the ancillary deals), which – along with the concurrent January 1995 launches of The WB Television Network (a joint venture between Time Warner, the Tribune Company, and the network's founding chief executive officer, Jamie Kellner) and the United Paramount Network (UPN) (founded by Chris-Craft/United Television, through a programming partnership with Paramount Television), both of which affiliated with certain stations that lost their previous network partners through the various affiliation agreements – marked some of the most expansive changes ever to have occurred in American television.


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, Fox acquires partial television rights to the NFL
For some time dating back to the preparations for its launch, Rupert Murdoch – chief executive officer of News Corporation, the then-corporate parent of the Fox Broadcasting Company – had wanted a major-league sports presence for his network. Murdoch thought that landing a live sports broadcasting package would help build Fox's nascent profile and elevate it to the level of ABC, CBS, and NBC, the three existing major commercial broadcast networks in the United States at the time.


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, Fox acquires partial television rights to the NFL
In January 1987, as it was preparing to venture into prime time programming, Fox decided to place a bid to acquire the rights to Monday Night Football – then the league's crown-jewel program – from ABC, for about $1.3 billion, the same amount that network had been paying at the time for the contract; negotiations between the league and ABC to renew the contract had earlier stalled due to an increase in the expense for the rights.


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, Fox acquires partial television rights to the NFL
However, the NFL, in part because Fox had not established itself as a major network, chose to reject the bid and subsequently resumed discussions with ABC, ultimately reaching a deal to keep the Monday Night Football package on that network. Six years after Fox's first attempt to acquire the rights had foundered, the NFL opened up negotiations for the television contracts to both of its conferences as well as for the Sunday and Monday prime time football packages.


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, Fox acquires partial television rights to the NFL
Fox decided to submit another bid to the NFL, this time, making a more aggressive move to successfully secure a contract with the league, on the acknowledgment that it would likely need to bid a considerably higher amount than the incumbent networks that were seeking to renew or expand upon their existing NFL television rights would elect to offer in order to acquire a piece of the package.


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, Fox acquires partial television rights to the NFL
On December 17, 1993, Fox stunned the sports and television worlds by reaching a four-year, $1.58 billion contract with the NFL effective with the 1994 season to televise regular season and playoff games involving teams in the National Football Conference – a package that had been owned by CBS since 1956, fourteen years prior to the merger of the NFL and the American Football League (AFL) that resulted in the teams that composed the two leagues respectively being divided between the NFC and the American Football Conference (AFC) – as well as Super Bowl XXXI (which was to be held in January 1997).


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, Fox acquires partial television rights to the NFL
CBS, then run by the cost-cutting Laurence Tisch, had reportedly bid only $290 million to retain the rights to the NFC television package and was unwilling to even approach the price of the Fox offer, which exceeded the bid made by CBS by $1.29 billion (or more than $100 million per year).


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, Fox acquires partial television rights to the NFL
At the time of Fox's bid, some of its owned-and-operated stations (except those in New York City, Los Angeles, Washington, D.C., and Salt Lake City) and most of its affiliates (except those in San Francisco, Seattle, Las Vegas, and Miami) were UHF stations that transmitted at a lower radiated power than its VHF counterparts (see also: UHF television broadcasting § UHF vs VHF).


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, Fox acquires partial television rights to the NFL
Most of the stations that carried the network's programming also had little to no prior history as a major network affiliate; however, some (among them, its outlets in the former three aforementioned markets where it owned a station) were once affiliated with at least one of the Big Three networks or even the DuMont Television Network earlier in their histories. As Fox put together its new sports division to cover the NFL, it sought to affiliate with VHF stations (broadcasting on channels 2 to 13) that had more established histories, and carried more value with advertisers.


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, New World Communications deal
On May 23, 1994, Fox agreed to purchase a 20% stake (an investment of $500 million) in New World Communications, a media company controlled by New York City-based investor Ronald Perelman, who purchased the company in 1989 in the midst of its restructuring under a Chapter 11 bankruptcy declaration.


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, New World Communications deal
New World – which was founded by actor/producer/director Roger Corman and his brother, film producer Gene Corman, on July 8, 1970, as an independent producer of low-budget feature films, and starting in 1984, began producing television programs such as Crime Story, Santa Barbara, and The Wonder Years – expanded into television broadcasting on February 17, 1993, after Perelman purchased a 51% ownership stake in Denver-based SCI Television (a group descended from the former Storer Communications that was undergoing a complex restructuring of its debt) from the Apollo Partners-controlled Gillett Holdings for $100 million and $63 million in newly issued debt.


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, New World Communications deal
The day prior to that deal, SCI purchased WTVT in Tampa, Florida, from Gillett Holdings in a separate agreement for $163 million.


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, New World Communications deal
New World expanded its broadcasting holdings in May 1994, when it bought four stations owned by Argyle Television Holdings (which Argyle had acquired from the Times Mirror Company the year prior) in a $717 million purchase option-structured deal, followed three weeks later by the purchase of four stations owned by Great American Communications (which, several months later, would be renamed Citicasters upon the completion of its corporate restructuring) for $350 million in cash and $10 million in share warrants.


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, New World Communications deal
Fox's partial equity acquisition of New World Communications also included a multi-year agreement, under which it would affiliate most of the television stations that the company had owned outright or was in the process of acquiring from Argyle and Great American with the network, once individual affiliation contracts with each of the stations' existing network partners expired. The following stations were part of the deal:


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, New World Communications deal, Exceptions
Several stations owned by the groups involved in the New World acquisitions were either sold to other parties or left out of the deal:


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, New World Communications deal, NFL connection to deal
The key to the deal was that Fox upgraded its stations in several markets. Prior to the deal, of the fourteen NFC teams at the time, only four – the Los Angeles Rams, New York Giants, San Francisco 49ers, and Washington Redskins (now known tentatively as the Washington Football Team since 2020) – were located in markets with VHF Fox affiliates.


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, New World Communications deal, NFL connection to deal
Of those four markets' Fox stations, WNYW (channel 5) in New York City, KTTV (channel 11) in Los Angeles, and WTTG (channel 5) in Washington, D.C. are three of the network's original six owned-and-operated outlets; the San Francisco Bay Area affiliate, Oakland, California-licensed KTVU (channel 2), was owned by Cox Enterprises at the time, and would not be acquired by Fox until October 2014.


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, New World Communications deal, NFL connection to deal
Most of the stations involved in the New World deal were located in markets with teams in the NFC, which was then considered the more prestigious of the two NFL conferences. In particular, the conference had teams located in nine of the ten largest television markets at the time – with the exception of Boston, whose NFL team, the New England Patriots, played in the AFC. In addition, most of the NFC teams existed before the formation of the predecessor American Football League and therefore contain longer histories, rivalries and traditions.


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, New World Communications deal, NFL connection to deal
During this time, the NFC was also in the midst of a 13-game winning streak against the AFC in the Super Bowl. Many of the stations slated to join Fox were CBS affiliates based in markets where NFC teams were located, therefore fans would continue to see at least their team's road games on (the same) local VHF stations.


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, New World Communications deal, NFL connection to deal
KTBC and WITI served markets containing significant fan bases for nearby NFC teams. KTBC had aired Dallas Cowboys games (including exhibitions that occur during the preseason) for years in the Austin market; WITI, meanwhile, had broadcast Green Bay Packers games to its Milwaukee audience since September 1977, six months after it rejoined CBS in a reversal of an April 1961 affiliation swap with WISN (channel 12) in which the two stations had traded their respective affiliations with ABC and CBS (the Packers had played select regular season games in Milwaukee through the 1994 season).


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, New World Communications deal, NFL connection to deal
Due to Green Bay being a sweeps-only Nielsen market that utilized paper diary-only measurement for most of its history, the larger Milwaukee market was (and continues to be) often cited more for ratings purposes by the NFL and networks that carry the league's games than the numbers for the smaller Green Bay market.


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, New World Communications deal, NFL connection to deal
In Cleveland and Kansas City, WJW and WDAF respectively aired Browns (except following the team's relocation to Baltimore in 1996 before their recreation as an expansion team in 1998) and Chiefs games only when Fox aired a game featuring an NFC opponent (ironically in Kansas City, WDAF aired most of the Chiefs' games as an NBC affiliate by way of that network's rights to the AFC).


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, New World Communications deal, NFL connection to deal
In 1995, St. Louis became the ninth NFC market with a VHF Fox affiliate as a result of the Rams' relocation from Los Angeles, and KTVI – the ninth station (and the sixth in an NFC market) involved in the New World deal to switch – affiliating with the network. That year, the Carolina Panthers joined the NFL as an expansion team, which made WGHP another satellite "home" station for an NFL team as the Panthers are based in Charlotte, which is directly south of the Piedmont Triad region where WGHP serves.


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, New World Communications deal, NFL connection to deal
Because of the time it took for the FCC to approve News Corporation's investment in New World and the subsequent Burnham station purchases (as well as waiting for affiliation contracts to expire), the old, "lame duck" affiliates carried Fox's NFL telecasts as late as the 1995 season in some markets. For example, most Cowboys games aired on KDAF (channel 33, now a CW affiliate) in Dallas and KBVO (channel 42, now CBS affiliate KEYE-TV) in Austin, while the Lions were seen on WKBD-TV (channel 50, now a CW owned-and-operated station).


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, New World Communications deal, NFL connection to deal
WCGV-TV (channel 24, now a MyNetworkTV affiliate) in Milwaukee carried Packers telecasts until WITI disaffiliated from CBS on December 1, 1994; WCGV's carriage of the Packers for the first three months of the 1994 season marked the only break in WITI's carriage of the team's games since it rejoined CBS in 1977. New Orleans Saints games were carried on WNOL (channel 38, now a CW affiliate) until December 1995.


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, Burnham Broadcasting
In March 1994, Fox and Savoy Pictures established a venture called SF Broadcasting to acquire and operate additional television stations. Fox held no voting stock in the company (which instead was held entirely by Savoy Pictures chairmen Victor Kaufman and Lewis Korman), but supplied 58% of the original $100 million in capital. Weeks after the New World deal, SF acquired four stations owned by Burnham Broadcasting:


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, Burnham Broadcasting
SF Broadcasting purchased WLUK-TV on July 29, 1994, for $38 million, and WALA, KHON and WVUE one month later on August 25 for $229 million. The deal gave Fox upgrades in the home market of the Saints and the local market of the Packers (Fox had already acquired the CBS affiliate in Milwaukee, the Packers other official home market), giving Fox VHF affiliates in eleven of the fifteen NFC markets.


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, Burnham Broadcasting
On September 23, 1994, NBC filed a petition to the FCC challenging the purchase of WLUK, alleging that SF was a shell corporation created by News Corporation to circumvent FCC limits on the amount of capital that a foreign company can invest in an American television station; NBC withdrew the petition on February 17, 1995, and the FCC approved the deal two months later on April 27. After the sale was completed, the stations did not immediately switch their affiliations to Fox: WLUK became a Fox affiliate on August 28, 1995, while the remaining three stations became Fox affiliates on January 1, 1996.


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, Burnham Broadcasting
Burnham spun off ABC affiliate KBAK-TV (channel 29, now a CBS affiliate) in Bakersfield, California, to Westwind Communications, a company founded by several former Burnham executives. The season after WLUK first began carrying the Packers as a Fox station (1996), the team won Super Bowl XXXI, the first Super Bowl televised by the network.


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, Repercussions
The affiliation changes informally commenced on April 17, 1994, when ABC affiliate KARD (channel 14) in Monroe, Louisiana, became a Fox affiliate, through an agreement unrelated to the network's group affiliation deal with New World; CBS affiliates KECY-TV (channel 9) in El Centro, California/Yuma, Arizona and WJKA-TV (channel 26, now WSFX-TV) in Wilmington, North Carolina also switched their affiliations to Fox that same year, along with TBN affiliate KVCT (channel 19) in Victoria and low-powered independent station K47DF (channel 47; now K22JA-D, which returned to independent status in February 2008) in Corpus Christi, Texas.


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, Repercussions
The switches officially began on September 3, 1994, when CBS affiliate WJW-TV became the first station involved in the New World agreement to switch its affiliation to Fox; the CBS affiliation in Cleveland consequently moved to the market's Fox charter affiliate WOIO (channel 19). Sister station WDAF-TV followed suit on September 12, trading affiliations with original Fox affiliate KSHB-TV (channel 41; New World had finalized its acquisition of KSAZ-TV (which temporarily became an independent station) and WDAF only three days before the latter switched from NBC to Fox).


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, Repercussions
The majority of the New World stations switched their affiliations to Fox between December 1994 and August 1995 (WGHP and WBRC respectively did not become Fox stations until September 1, 1995, and September 1, 1996, due to their existing affiliation contracts with ABC).


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, Repercussions
The affiliation changes formally concluded on September 1, 1996, when WBRC officially joined Fox as an owned-and-operated station; however, an additional affiliation transaction caused by an agreement spurred by the Fox-New World deal occurred on February 1, 1997, when upstart WJXX (channel 25) in Orange Park, Florida, signed on as the new ABC affiliate for the Jacksonville market, replacing WJKS (channel 17, now WCWJ), which became a WB affiliate under the callsign WJWB.


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, Repercussions
With ABC, NBC and CBS suddenly in need of new affiliates in the markets affected by the New World and Burnham deals, major affiliation shakeups began to occur. In some markets (such as Kansas City, Austin, Cleveland, Piedmont Triad, St. Louis and Honolulu), the old Fox affiliates simply assumed the previous affiliation of the new Fox affiliate; in other markets (such as Detroit, New Orleans and Phoenix), the former Fox station affiliated with a network that was not the prior affiliation of the new Fox outlet, resulting in swaps involving multiple stations. The shakeups involving the Big Three networks were mostly along station group lines, which also affected markets where neither New World or Burnham had operated stations.


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, Repercussions
WBRC's switch in Birmingham resulted in the most complicated swap, in which six stations changed affiliations. Although Fox Television Stations assumed ownership once its purchase of the station from the New World-controlled trust was completed in January 1996, it had to continue operating WBRC as an ABC station for nine additional months as its affiliation contract with the network did not expire until August 31, 1996; as Fox had purchased WBRC the previous summer, this gave ABC a year's leeway to find a new affiliate in the area.


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, Repercussions
In January 1996, it reached a unique deal with Allbritton Communications in which WCFT-TV (channel 33, now Heroes & Icons affiliate WSES) and WJSU-TV (channel 40, now WGWW, also a Heroes & Icons affiliate), the respective CBS affiliates for Tuscaloosa and Anniston (which had both been annexed from the Birmingham Designated Market Area by Arbitron in 1977, and eventually were collapsed back into that market by Nielsen in September 1998), would jointly become the ABC affiliate for central Alabama (weeks prior to that deal, Allbritton had entered into an agreement with Osborne Communications Corporation to take over the operations of WJSU under a local marketing agreement).


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, Repercussions
However, because over-the-air reception of both stations in Birmingham proper was marginal at best and neither would likely be able to be counted in Nielsen ratings reports for that market as WCFT and WJSU were officially out-of-market stations, Allbritton purchased low-power independent station W58CK (channel 58, now WBMA-LD); under the deal, Albritton would also affiliate W58CK with ABC and make it the main station of the cluster, while WCFT and WJSU would serve as its satellites.


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, Repercussions
Gadsden Fox affiliate WNAL-TV (channel 44, now WPXH-TV) replaced WJSU-TV as the CBS affiliate for northeast Alabama – the second in the area, alongside Birmingham's WIAT (WNAL would later become the Pax TV (now Ion Television) O&O for the entire Birmingham market in August 1999, three years after it was acquired by Paxson Communications (now Ion Media Networks), the network's parent company). WTTO (channel 21) and its semi-satellite WDBB (channel 17), the Fox affiliates for Birmingham and Tuscaloosa, became independent stations before affiliating with The WB in February 1997, several months after WDBB became a full-time repeater of WTTO.


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, Repercussions
Among the many deals that resulted, ABC reached a group agreement with Scripps-Howard Broadcasting on June 16, 1994, after CBS approached WEWS (channel 5) in Cleveland and WXYZ-TV (channel 7) in Detroit about replacing WJW and WJBK as its affiliates for those markets.


1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment, Repercussions
Under that agreement, in addition to renewing affiliation agreements with the company's two largest stations, Scripps also agreed to switch the affiliations of three other stations (NBC affiliate WMAR-TV (channel 2) in Baltimore; and two Fox affiliates set to be displaced by the New World deal, KNXV-TV (channel 15) in Phoenix and WFTS-TV (channel 28) in Tampa) to the network. In September 1995, Scripps-owned CBS affiliate WCPO-TV (channel 9) in Cincinnati agreed to switch to ABC, but that station had to wait until June 3, 1996 to switch its affiliation due to its then-existing affiliation contract with CBS. McGraw-Hill, River City Broadcasting and Allbritton Communications also expanded their relationships with ABC, adding a combined five affiliates (two of which maintained satellite stations, including the W58CK/WCFT/WJSU cluster in Birmingham) as part of deals that renewed agreements with existing ABC stations owned by both companies.